SOUTH AFRICA

VARIOUS: OPPONENTS OF “APARTHEID DISCUSSED. *?°).'.
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 9 Jul 86 p 10

[Commentary by Dawie under the "From My Political Pen" rubric: "Out There There Are People Who Cling
to ‘Apartheid’ Too")

[Text] Those people in South Africa who so violently oppose the elimination of this apartheid measure or
that apartheid institution should just realize that there are people abroad who are just as strongly against
that as they are--for other reasons.

Those people are South Africa's bitterest enemies. They are afraid that the elimination of apartheid or
even just the clear weakening of it would blunt their offensive against South Africa. That is why they would
like to see apartheid maintained.

Muddle-headed

They are just as much in love with the word "apartheid" as the government's bitterest far-right opponents in
South Africa.

This "fighters against apartheid" can be divided into various groups. For instance, there are those who,
however muddle-headed they may be at times, are against apartheid on moral grounds and welcome any
movement away from it.

Then there are those in whom something like a persecution mania has arisen over the years. The following
words were written on this subject 11 years ago under this rubric: "It is characteristic of a persecution mania
that the persecutor struggles furiously against any attempt to rob him of the object of his obsession. He
feels that his purpose in life, his right to exist, his entire personality could disintegrate."

And then there are those whose target is the entire existing system in South Africa. For them apartheid is
just something that can be exploited, an effective weapon they can use in their unceasing efforts to
overthrow the present order in South Africa through revolution.

It they who are leading the fight against apartheid and have been leading it for years and who gradually
have so infiltrated the ideas of respectable people and organizations that they have been won over to the
idea that a revolution is unavoidable in South Africa unless the screw is turned tighter and tighter on this
country.

Astonishing
It is astonishing that so many people of whom one could expect a sober, reasonable judgement have let

themselves be dragged along by the flood of emotion that has grown over the years over apartheid. That
this has happened is just proof of how strong that flood has grown.

55


MOZAMBIQUE

UNDP AFRICAN DIRECTOR ASSESSES COOPERATIVE EFFORTS

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Aug 86 p 8

[Text] Pierre Damiba, the director of the African Bureau of the UN
Development Program (UNDP), arrived in Maputo yesterday at the invitation of
our country's government, with which he will discuss matters pertaining to the
development program and the possibility of expanding cooperation to cover new
areas. Pierre Damiba was welcomed at the Maputo International Airport
yesterday morning by Minister of Cooperation Jacinto Veloso.

Yesterday afternoon, the UN official visited the Civil Aeronautics School,
where the installation of technical equipment was financed by the UNDP.
According to information provided to this newspaper by a source at the
Ministry of Cooperation, the possibility of financing some projects lasting
more than a year, particulary with regard to training, is to be discussed with
the UNDP.

Pierre Damiba, who made a thorough inspection of the school, engaging in
dialogue with the teachers and students, told newsmen at the conclusion of his
visit that he was quite impressed with the work being done at that
establishment. He indicated his satisfaction at seeing the results produced
by UNDP cooperation in the training of technicians for the development of
Mozambique.

During Pierre Damiba's stay in Mozambique, which is expected to last about 4
days, he plans to visit Chokwe and the Corumana Dam and to hold various
meetings with representatives of the government of Mozambique and certain
agencies.

The UNDP began its cooperation with our country immediately after national
independence was won, with the financing of a special aid program for 2 years,
in 1975 and 1976, in the amount of $4,500,000.

In the 1977-1981 5-year period, the UNDP financed the first regular program,
with $21,745,000.

For the 1982-1986 program, it provided about $40,700,000. Currently, the

process of preparation for the third program for 1988-1991, within which the
UNDP will make available $46 million, is under way.

21



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are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
jast line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SHARP RISE IN INDIAN JOBLESS--The number of unemployed Indians in South Africa
in June jumped sharply by 34.2 percent over the same period last year, During
the same period, the number of unemployed Africans rose 4.8 percent. According
to statistics released by the Central Statistical Service in Pretoria, the num-
ber of unemployed Indians increased from 22,740 (June, 1985) to 30,525. The
average unemployment for the first six months of 1986, compared with the same
period last year in respect of male and female work-seekers, showed an increase
of 33,8 percent and 40.4 percent respectively. In February there were 82,433
African work-seekers registered at the Department of Manpower. The number of
unemployed Africans increased by 4.8 percent from 495,000 to 519,000. ‘The
number of unemployed men rose by 11.9 percent, though the number of unemployed
females decreased by 0.01 percent. [Text] [Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English
11 Sep 86 p 5] /9274

INVESTMENT TALKS IN MAURITIUS--A group of South African businessmen repre-
senting some 65 companies has arrived in Mauritius for a week long visit.
The group is to discuss investment and cooperation agreements between the
two countries. The Mauritian deputy prime minister, Sir Gaetan Duval,

who met the visitors at the airport said the political climate is now
favorable for South African investors. The Mauritian ex-minister of external
affairs, Mr (Madan Dolo), who advocated punitive measures against South
Africa at the recent conference on nonaligned nations in Harare, explained
the Mauritius position by saying that his country has to think of its own
economic and its population's welfare--this presumably to explain the
aboutchange in his government's stance. [as heard] [Text] [Johannesburg
Domestic Service in English 0730 GMT 24 Sep 86] /9604

cso: 3400/74

115



annual congress in the city at
the weekend, Mr Dirk Viljoen,
said Afrikaners had to be real-
istic in their expectations for
their own territory.
Metropolitan areas such as
the Witwatersrand, Cape Pen-
insula, Durban/Pinetown, Port
Elizabeth and Uitenhage would
have no place in the new state.
In these areas racial mixing

was already too far advanced.

The new country would’ be
white only, would not rely on
black labour in any way and
would have to be self-suffi-
cient, he said.

However, the cultural his-
tory of the Afrikaner would be
taken into consideration when
drawing up the boundaries of
the new territory.

HNP Leader Urges Verwoerd Policies

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Sep 86 p 11

[Text]

Claims that the late Dr HF
Verwoerd’s policies had failed
were rejected yesterday by del-
egates at the South African Bu-
reau for Racial Affairs’ annual
congress in Pretoria. ~

Delivering a commemora-
tion speech to the former
Prime Minister, Mr Jaap
Marais, leader of the HNP,
called on Afrikaners to enter
the power struggle between the
races in South Africa.

The fight for a country in
keeping with the dreams of Dr
Verwoerd would not be won by
constitutional innovations and
clever talking.

It would only be won by call-
ing on the inner strength of the
Afrikaner to fight to keep what
was his, said Mr Marais.

“Under the rule of Dr Ver-
woerd, South Africa was a
prosperous country, he said.

INSTABILITY

The move away from racial
discrimination had_led to insta-
bility, unleashed revolutionary
powers and led the country to
such an “ungovernable” situa-
tion that a state of emergency
had to be declared, he said.

He urged Afrikaners to re-
turn to Dr Verwoerd’s vision of
a policy based on separate de-

All-White Blueprint

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Sep 86 p 11

[Article by Kym Hamilton]

[Text]

The right-wing Bureau for Ra-
cial Relations committed itself
to drawing up the design for a
new country for the Afrikaner
nation at its annual congress in
Pretoria at the weekend.

In a declaration of intent,
chairman Professor Carel Bo-
shoff said the organisation re-
mained dedicated to its policies
drawn up in 1952 under the
leadership of Dr HF Ver-
woerd. :

19274
CSO: 3400/86

Future research would spot-
light the desire of the Afri-
kaner to live freely in his own
exclusive territory, Professor
Boshoff told less than 100 dele-
gates.

The following guidelines
would be used:

@ A unified territory;

@ Afrikaner history and tradi-
tions would be taken into con-
sideration,

@ The borders would have to be

64

velopment and a whites-only
homeland where blacks were
temporary sojourners.

Mr Marais said the disinte-
gration of Dr Verwoerd’s poli-
cy started as far back as 1964
when the present State Presi-
dent, Mr P W Botha and a for-
mer Prime Minister, Mr John
Vorster, embarked on their
campaign to undermine Dr
Verwoerd’s leadership.

It was these two men who
first intimated to New Zealand
that the presence of a Maori in
an All Black rugby touring
team would be acceptable, said
Mr Marais.

easily defended;
@ The area would have to have
a harbour, key minerals, water,
agricultural land and estab-
lished industries;
@The four largest metropoli-
tan areas would be excluded;
@ The land would have to be
able to support at least 4 mil-
lion people.

Professor Boshoff said
whites other than Afrikaners
would be welcome.


may still perhaps be able to bear in a good year. If drought intervenes, the
new farmec's burden of debt will.also increase, and after ten or fifteen years
his labor and capital will also have been wiped out as a result of government
policy, simply in order to enable the industrial worker in the city to buy
food cheaply.

The government is playing Russian roulette, with the revolver held to the
farmer's head. Its so-called aid measures are less than the proverbial drop
in the bucket of agricultural losses and in any case just contribute further
to farm debt. The government is unwilling to take the necessary measures to
correct the situation, because they run counter to its financial, industrial,
and market policy. To think that the consumer in the city will benefit from
this short-sighted urban bumpkin wisdom. The improverishment of agriculture
drains the soil of its phosphate reserves, cornfields sour, pasture is
overworked, flocks grown smaller and smaller--the productive potential of our
agriculture is disrupted 4.1 the coasamer will in the future have to pay twice
as much if the country wants to stay self-sufficient in is food requirements.

If not, we become just one more food-poor African country, a Third World
country like Zaire or Bangladesh.

The consumer, like the farmer, can no longer afford this government policy.
To tell the truth--they can no longer afford this government.

12906/13104
cso: 3401/177

75



It said development was geared towards the interests of one priviliged class
while the rest of the population remained economically miserable. The SRC
said that independence had brought a national flag, a national anthem and
“a new exploitative class". At a student meeting, opponents of the SRC

said that the celebrations should be seen as a gesture of appreciation of
Botswanna's 20 years of peace. A vote was taken and the SRC defeated.
[Text][Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Sep 86 p 11]/12828

csO: 3400/84

11



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT DENIES POLICY OF RENT EVICTIONS
MB231632 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1625 GMT 23 Sep 86

[Text] Pretoria, 23 Sep (SAPA)--Although the rent boycott has now spread
to some 46 townships causing a loss in revenue of about R40 million a year,
the government had no programme to give attention to the issue. A
Department of Constitutional Development and Planning spokesman also said
the government was not running any programme to evict rent defaulters.

It was the prerogative of the 235 black local authorities in South Africa
"to take steps to collect dues," the spokesman said.

Replying to a series of questions, the department was unable to say how
many township dwellers were in arrears with their rent, or how much money
the town councils were losing as a result. But the spokesman said:

"The failure of residents to pay their dues is causing concern to both the
local authorities concerned and the government. These local authorities
are urged to take steps to collect the outstanding amounts." The spokesman
said the majority of residents wanted to pay their rent, but were subjected
to intimidation and prevented from paying.

Academics monitoring the boycott estimated that some 46 townships were
losing about R40 million a year due to the rent boycott.

Meanwhile, the numbers of municipal policemen in townships, who are
reportedly being used to deal with rent defaulters, have swelled to
thousands in recent years as the number of autonomous councils grew

from 42 in 1984 to 235 this year. Municipal policemen are normally armed
with 9mm pistols and shotguns, and have been involved in a number of
shootings. The most recent published case occurred in Soweto at the
weekend, when two people, including Mrs Constance Rankutu, 24, the mother
of a 2-year-old child, was shot dead at a night vigil.

The department--which subsidises the municipal policemen's salaries--was
unable to say, however, how many municipal polijemen there were now in
South Africa. Councils are empowered to appoint 1.7 municipal policemen
for every 1,000 residents.

70


their hosts alone. The Mozambicans themselves share these feelings and so, on

holidays, their hosts and the Mozambicans spend their time congratulating each
other.

For the citizens of the GDR, congratulating the Mozambicans means recognizing
their great desire to learn and sometimes the ease with which, with such
limited academic background, they master some knowledge which theoretically
requires a certain level of school training. For the Mozambicans, the
congratulations represent thanks for the continued willingness of the
specialists and foremen in the GDR to continue to aid them to raise their
vocational training level, and even to do extra work with the less intelligent
and skillful, so that they too can return to Mozambique with as much traiaing
as possible,

No Reason for Complaint

The majority of the young Mozambicans manage to complete their basic training
in 4 years. The training process is so thorough that once the course is
ended, all of our young people are capable of carrying out any task assigned
to them with responsibility, discipline and respect for their work.

Their teachers themselves say this, on the basis of their experience. In
other words, each labor collective knows what it has to do, how it must be
done and why, whether working alone or with the instructors,

Schlachter Christian, the manager of a major forestry enterprise in the GDR
located in the province of Magdeburg, regards the Mozambicans as good working
comrades with a “phenomenal” sense of responsibility. He says they are
“tireless working companions,” because they fulfill their daily production
goals and not infrequently achieve daily productivity of 100 percent each.
The approximately 20 Mozambicans at that enterprise have already completed
their training and are at work. Moreover, their return to the enterprise at
the beginning of this year was due to the excellent work they did during the
preceding 4 years of training. They specialize in the cutting of wood, and
they have now mastered all of the techniques for cutting, selecting and
measuring tree trunks. In other words, they know how many cubic meters of
wood each tree they fell will yield, how old it is and goodness knows what
else (only the experts can tell you all that can be done with one tree trunk).

Due to the ease with which some Mozambicans master their work, they have been
put in charge of work crews which include citizens of the GDR. And our young
people say: “We are prepared to give the best we can to the country. We have
no complaints, because we do good work and our hosts respect us."

Estevao Mucussete, a native of Nampula, and Alberto Pinto Bonde, from the
province of Zambezia, are two of the Mozambicans with whom I talked. They had
this to say: “We have no complaints. What we have learned is enough to make
us proud of being able to contribute to the development of the country. Our
relations with our GDR colleagues here are very good."

Custodio Augusto Chemane had the following to say: “We have learned a great
deal here. The citizens of the GDR know how to teach and like to see what

28


now a resurgence of de-
termination to be in-
volved. “And when I
come to the Eastern
Cape I realise how much
more courage it does
need to carry on.”

Like many other orga-
nisations the Sash has
been hard hit by the
state of emergency and
some members have
been detained. The four
members who were still
in detention at the time
of going to press, are all
from the Eastern Cape.

Mrs Burton said it was
marvellous to see the
Black Sash in action in
these circumstances, es-
pecially in small areas
where the detention of
one person made a big
difference and to see:
the support they pro-
vided for families. .

Mrs Burton said it was:
important to convey that
members were ordinary
women and were not ne-
cesarily politically:
trained and while many
of the members did have
wonderful skills these
were not a prerequisite.

Many of the local
members are involved
with the black com-
munity through their
work and are meeting
regularly and sharing
their experiences and.
providing a support net-
work and meeting point
for people who shared:
the same ideas. Mrs Bur-
ton said out of this more:
activities would prob-:
ably arise.

“Our members are:
19274
cso: 3400/93

women who really care
and -are prepared to

make exhibitions of
themselves because they
really care.

“People oftén regard
us as slightly unusual
and eccentric and par-
ticularly —_ unpatriotic,
but exactly the reverse:
is true. Sash women are
deeply committed to
South Africa and to a
better future.”

While the Sash do not
gé on recruiting drives
anyone who subscribes
to their aims will be wel-
come to see whether
they would like to join.
Members are willing to
talk to groups who ex-
press an interest.

When the organisation
was formed in 1955 it
was known as__ the
Women’s Defence of the
Constitution League and
it was a protest at the
packing of the Senate
and the removal of the
franchise from coloured
men and an outrage at
the way it was over-
ruled.

It ‘was nicknamed
Black Sash by the press
because members wore
black sashes as a sign of
mourning for the dam-
age to the consititution.

The first advice of-'
fices, for which the orga-
nisation is’ renowned,
were opened when:
passes for women were:
introduced and were:
opened specifically to:
help black women in:
their struggle against:
the pass laws.

99

The offices are recog-
nised as an expert group
among non-blacks of
what the pass laws do to
the raw lives of people.
They became relied on
for accurate information
and statistics and gov-
ernment officigls recog-
nised that when they
said something it was
usually reliable.

She said the basic ob-
jectives of the Sash had
not changed. They had
always been interested
in justice and parlia-

mentary principles of |

democracy. Hy
Mrs Burton - said
people e

offic

were no longer necess- '
ary with the changes in
the influx control laws
but she said this did not.
necessarily mean that

that the

people’s lives
made easier particu-
larly as far as people
who are not already
resident in towns are
concerned.

“It looks to us as if

there are going to be:
other ways in which in-'

flux into towns will be
curbed,” she said.

She said the offices
were now assessing
what the new laws
would mean. They had
in the past established
important legal pre-
cedents and had a re-
sponsibility to keep
going.

Mrs Burton says she

were,

believes the Sash’s
Sreatest achievement is
the fact that they have
been going for 3i years
while other organisa-
tions have fallen by the
wayside.

The policy of the Sash -

is that of one man one
vote. j

. “Universal franchise
doesn’t of itself mean a
just society,” says Mrs
Burton, “but you cannot
have justice unless you
have it”.

Commenting on the fu-
ture she said like many
people involved in poli-
ties in South Africa she
veered__ between hope _
and despair.

“We are all very wor-
tied about the extent of
the repression and. the
restriction on free ac-
cess of information. We
believe people cannot
make informed deci-
sions if they have no
right to hear other
peoples opinions.”

She said she some-
times became depressed
but when she met some
of the wonderful people
in local community or-
ganistions and saw their
courage and strength in
spite of what was hap-
pening then she thinks
there is something to
build on.

oof only we could free
people’s energies so that
they could be directed
towards building a com-
mon future.”



Also, Cabo Delgado Province Governor Joao Baptista Cosme gave a reception at
the government palace for the Italian delegation representing Reggio~Emilia

and all those involved in the organization and execution of the “Noi Con Voi"
project.

Joao Baptista Cosme also presented the delegation with a gift of some
souvenirs, including rosewood statuettes and other items of cloth and shell.

5157
C€S0:3442/308

35



SOUTH AFRICA

TREURNICHT WANTS WHITE. FATHERLAND FOR ALL
MB290521 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1703 GMT 28 Sep 86

{Text] Port Elizabeth, 28 Sep (SAPA)--It was "immoral" for a party to
continue governing with a specific policy other than the one for which
they were voted into power, Dr Andries Treurnicht, leader of the Conserva-
tive Party [CP], said in Port Elizabeth this weekend. Speaking at the

CP Cape Congress, Dr Treurnicht said the state president, Mr P.W. Botha,
was committed to institutionalised power sharing which directly involved
blacks in the running of the country and was seeking a mandate to achieve
it by making it sound as plausible as possible.

Dr Treurnicht warned, the CP would "unmask him and his party" by demon-
strating exactly how far they had already moved away from the previously
stated policy. Whites in this country were a civilisation in danger of
being swallowed up by Africa and if they relinquished political power
without taking due precaution, they would lose everything. .NP [National
Party] policy could not succeed without white South Africans committing
“cultural and moral suicide," he said.

Dr Treurnicht said he did not agree with the idea of a "boerestaat,"

a description used by some rightwing groups to denote a white South
African fatherland. He had told "these people" that they spoke of a
"boerestaat" yet it was "the boere who are betraying us." The CP's plan
for a white fatherland provided a country where all whites, including the
Afrikaners, could remain. It was a fact that in moving away from white
sovereignty by introducing power sharing and integration had not created
a politically or economically stable climate as people--both locally and
internationally--did "not trust" in a country without political stability.
This, he said, was not created by dividing the power with all the people
and creating discord.

19604
cso: 3400/81

60


MOZAMBIQUE

GOVERNMENT SIGNS TITANIUM MINING AGREEMENT
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 13 Sep 86 p 5

[Excerpts] The Maputo government and the company QUIT Fer et Titane, regis-
tered in Canada, will sign an agreement on titanium mining by the end of
September, The accord has been given the blessing of the U.S. State Depart-
ment, Washington considers that Mozambique's reserves of titanium, located in
the provinces of Tete, Zambezia and Nampula along the coast between Quelimane
and Angoche, could be among the biggest in Africa, at an estimated 30 million
tonnes,

The draft agreement with Mozambique, calling for an initial investment of some
20 million dollars, has been under discussion since a Mozambican mining of-
ficial visited the United States about six months ago, An American ecological
team, in the meanwhile, drew up a report on Mozambique's mining potential, The
signing of the agreement, which had been scheduled for May, was postponed by a
few months in the wake of the government reshuffle in Maputo, It appears that
Mozambique, which in July passed a new mining law laying down new conditions
for the granting of mining concessions, as well as changes to taxes imposed on
mining companies, considers this agreement to be a "priority."

As far as the Americans are concerned, there does not appear to be any insur-
mountable security problem relating to the mining sites, in the coastal areas,
in any case, "Even at the height of the Vietnam war, the breaches were easily
defensible," officials in Washington say, The mining agreement would also have
substantial repercussions in southern Africa, besides the strategic interest it
has for aircraft industry, a major titanium user, South Africa, linked with
Mozambique by the Nkomati agreement, whose economic clauses are considered by
Washington to be the only provisions of any value now, would then feel interest~
ed in the project,

Meanwhile, a delegation of U.S. businessmen is expected in Maputo in the coming
days, Several investments are schedules to be made in the fishing sector.
MOZFISH, a joint venture with the Mozambican state, should start operations
shortly, Initially, it could use boats hired from South Africa or Spain. The
initial investment is reported to be four million dollars, Another firm, MOTEX
(Mozambique~Texas), an amalgamation of American, Belgian and Mozambican capital,
plans to invest at least five million dollars.

31



SOUTH AFRICA

SABRA OUTLINES EXCLUSIVE HOMELAND PLAN FOR AFRIKANERS
Exclusive Homeland Plan
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Sep 86 p 11

[article by Kym Hamilton]

{Text]

A plan to ensure Afrikaner exclusivity in an independent white
‘Afrikaner state was sketched for delegates at the South African:
Bureau for Racial Affairs (Sabra) congress in Pretoria. at the

weekend.

Professor Hercules Booysen of the University of South Africa,
warned that Afrikaners were caught up in a process of reform

. which they did not vote for.

‘The only reform the Afrikaner could support was one which
subscribed to the principles of freedom in one’s “own” country

under an “own” government.

Partition, delegates were
told, was the only solution.

The territory would have to
be sovereign, unified, have a
First World economy and be
based on Afrikaner Calvinistic
principles and traditions.

It would have to be able pro-
vide enough water and agricul-
tural land, but should not be
too big for Afrikaners to man-
age on their own or it would
eventually culminate in’a mul-
tiracial state.

A new design was needed for

Pretoria ‘Capital of Afrikaner State

an Afrikaner nation which
would probably never: number
more than 5 million people and
of this, only about 3 million
would probably live within the
borders of the new state.

Although no map and formal
boundaries had been estab-
lished, Afrikaners could start
establishing a core area.

It would be fatal to ignore
the development of the rest of.
South Africa. Provision must
be made for other nations to
find a home in their own in-
dependent territories.

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Sep 86 p 11

{Text]

The new Afrikaner whites-only
South Africa would have Pre-
toria as its capital city.

A delegate at the South Afri-
can Bureau for Racial Affairs

‘The first step was the recog-
nition that foreign black labour
‘would have no place in the new
state. Afrikaners would have
learn to do all their own work.

They should unite to ensure
they won the next election.

However, if such a’ victory
was not possible, Afrikaners
could work together. to estab-
lish their own state.

They could use property
ownership rights to make their
land white and buying power to
support only those who identi-
fied with their aims.

Afrikaners had to start work
now establishing their own ex-
clusive territorial areas, living
patterns and working enviro-
ments. This would offer some
protection should the country”
fall under black majority rule.


SOUTH AFRICA

COLUMNIST SAYS ANC OUT-OF-DATE WITH AFRICAN GOALS

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Review) in English 14 Sep 86 p 24

[Commentary by Gerald l'Ange in "Africa View" column]

[Text]

‘AS Africa’s sudden turn down the road to
private enterprise left the African National
behind?

The ANC’s plans for restructuring the South.
African economy certainly point in a different
direction from that now being followed by a
large number of African states as they re-
emerge from the blind alley of scientific social-
ism into which they rushed in the first flush of.
independence.

Africa’s disillusionment with state-dominated
economies has been growing over a number of.
years, spurred by the demands of the World
Bank and potential aid donors for reforms in the

ruinous economic practices followed in the past. '

The trend took con-
crete shape at the spe-
cial session of the
United Nations Gener-
al Assembly earlier
this year which ap-
proved an ambitious
recovery plan for
Africa that includes
some of the reforms
wanted by the World
Bank.

It is significant that
the new attitude
among African states _
was not entirely forced on them. To a very large
extent it represents a neous and volun-
tary effort to find new solutions to their horren-
dous economic problems.

Their experience has been that Marxism and
extreme forms of socialism, rather than solving
these problems, .

The trend is not without opposition, mainly
from the Soviet Union, which must see it as a
threat to communism.

Nevertheless, the switch from state to private
enterprise continues to gain momentum.

100

“Privatisation is now a key phrase in econom-
ie jargon being applied to the African conti-

nt,” says the monthly news magazine Africa
Now in a special survey.

“From the smallest countries such as Togo to
Africa’s giant, Nigeria, privatising state-owned
egterprises has been taken on at varying levels
and with varying degrees of success.”

The magazine notes that the Organisation of
African Unity has now adopted as its official
policy that “the positive role of the private sec-
tor is to be encouraged”.

Nigeria has acted decisively by scrapping the
state commodities boards which, as in other
African countries, had caused disastrous falls in
crop production by forcing low prices on pro-
ducers. .

Tanzania has started selling to private enter-

prise the vast tracts of land formerly farmed at
a huge loss by the para-statal sisal corporation.
Limits on land ownership by individuals have
been removed. . :
None. other than former President Julius
Nyerere had set the tone with his acknowledg-
ment on his retirement that it had been a mis-
take to impose sweeping nationalisation at inde-
pendence. n

In contrast, the ANC is still proclaiming a
policy of massive nationalisation should it come
to power in South Africa. While it purports
to favour a-mixed economy, the mixture would
be overwhelmingly socialist, according to policy
statements promising nationalisation of all
monopolies. Because the three biggest monopo-
lies control about 70 percent of the shares quot-
ed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange their
nationalisation would leave little in the hands of
private enterprise.

The ANC has undertaken specifically to na-
tionalise the mines, the banks and the sugar and
wine industries. It would place limits on land
ownership by both individuals and companies.


The electoral system is characterized by some curious aspects, particularly on
the local level. A slate of candidates for deputies' seats is presented, the
people meet, the candidates are questioned about their lives, and then a vote
is taken by a show of hands. There was one case in which a candidate was

rejected because he lived with two women (polygamy is still included among the
Mozambican traditions in certain regions).

It can be concluded from the political practice in the last 9 years (the first
Assembly members were elected in 1977) that the Popular Assembly, the highest
organ of state power, has limited itself to criticizing the government, in
some cases harshly, at its two annual sessions, and not infrequently serving
as a sounding box for the discussions undertaken on the level of the
Political Bureau or the government. It has not as a general rule contributed,
as it should have, to the project of building the legal edifice of the
state. It has limited itself to endorsing initiatives and approving then.

The new Popular Assembly is to elect its president for the first time, a
responsibility which has previously fallen to the chief of state.

5157
CS0:3442/308

41



SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI SPEAKS ON HOPES, FEARS FOR FUTURE
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 14 Sep 86 p 17

[Report on interview with Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi of KwaZulu by John
Maclennan in Ulundi; date not given]

[Text]
CHIEF Mangosuthu Buthelezi has often said that many
whites see him as “just another kaffir”.

His black enemies vilify him as “the ultimate
sell-out” ... and he was their target again this week as they
prevented Mrs Coretta King, widow of the American civil
rights’ leader, Dr Martin Luther King, from meeting him.

But there can be no argument that he holds the key to the
future of Natal and, in so doing, is probably the main factor
in deciding whether the Government's constitutional plans
succeed or fail — which could just make him the most
important black leader not behind bars.

Chief Buthelezi’s private life is as enigmatic as the man
himself.

. Most people know him only as a face on TV, a man who is
often involved in controversy and someone. who speaks
inordinately fast.

But in an interview with The Sunday Star he provided
some insight into the way he lives at Ulundi, the Zulu capital
built in an arid amphitheatre in kwaZulu.

It consists of the kwaZulu government offices, a few score
houses and a hotel, which proudly bills itself as the “Smallest
Holiday Inn in the world”. That’s the lot.

Now 58, he burns the midnight oil to keep up with the
demands of his constituents, his Inkatha organisation of
1,3 million people and the never-ending stream.of visitors
from ail over South Africa and all over the world. He regards
it as a real plus if he can achieve five hours’ sleep a night.

Most of his working day is spent in the new kwaZulu
government offices and you reach his sanctum after passing
a series of armed guards and a steel door. .

His visitors include academics, politicians, the Press,
various civic organisations.

His guest register would probably compare favourably with
— if in fact it does not outdo — that of President Botha and
his personal diary reflects a hectic lifestyle where you count
your breaks in hours rather than days.

83



Atakpame, the center of the Togolesian cotton plantations. The French state
Compagnie Francaise pour les Fibres Textiles (CFDT), Paris, is supporting
Togo as well aS other African countries in the development of cotton cultivation.

In Mali, in the spring of 1986, the ‘new cotton ginning installation of the
Compagnie Malieenne pour le Development Textile (CMDT) in Karagano, about 75
kilometers from Koutiala, was officially dedicated. Its processing capacity is
250 tons cotton per day.

The installation was erected by Somafrec Company and was equipped by Platt
Lummus Company.

In the Republic of Chad, Cotontchad Company, by far the most important enter-
prise of the country, has planned investments amounting to 148 million French
francs. These concern the modernization of four cotton ginning installations

in Doda, Pala, Sarh, and Kyabe, as well as the erection of a new one in Moundou.
Furthermore, eight silos are to be constructed, and the vehicle stock of the
enterprise is to be renewed. Cotontchad itself will participate in the financing
of the project with 40 million French francs.

In the island state of Madagascar, a project will presumably be concluded in
1987, which involves the modernization of a cotton processing installation and
the expansion of a cotton plantation by about 650 hectares. The international
Finance Corporation (IFC) of the World Bank group participated in the financing
of the project of the firm La Cotonniére d'Antsirabe S.A. (Cotona), Antsirabé,
with 6.65 million dollars. Other financing partners are the already-mentioned
CCCE and the European Investment Bank (EIB). In April 1985, the latter approved
a loan of 6 million Ecu. The entire investment for this project, which also
involves renovation of the textile factory of Cotona, will amount to approxi-
mately 17.2 million dollars.

In Sudan, after Egypt the second largest African cotton producer, cotton pro-
duction is concentrated in the area of the Gezira in-the triangle between the
White and the Blue Nile. Especially with the aid of Saudi Arabia, cotton
Production and processing should increase again. The Saudi Fund for Develop-
ment, Riad, and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) ,
registered in Kuwait, jointly approved, in June 1986, an amount of 52 million
dollars to finance a development project whose total investment need is quoted
at 280 million dollars. At this time, invitations to bid on a first. contract
are being solicited within the framework of the Sudan-Gezira Rehabilitation
Project. This concerns the turnkey-ready construction of two cotton ginning
installations in Bageir and Meringan. The British firm Sir Alexander Gibb

and Partners, Reading, was employed as consulting firm. The same firm has also
undertaken the processing of the tendering documents. 56.8 million Saudi-Rial
(1 Saudi-Rial = approximately DMO.62 ) are available to finance this partial
project.

8348
CSO: 3420/50


NIGER

Envoy Discusses Italian Policy Toward Africa
(Mario Scioloja Interview; LE SAHEL, 22 Jul 86) ......

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Examples of Increased Cooperation With Portugal Cited
(TEMPO, 28 Aig 86) ..cccccesceccccvoncccvnvcccceccessaese

Portuguese Investment Projects Described
(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 4 Sep 86) ..cccccecssccccccccceecece

SWAZILAND

Briefs
ANC Drug Link Alleged

UGANDA

Briefs
Delegation Returns

ZIMBABWE

India Studies Feasibility of Silk, Rubber, Kyanite Projects
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 12 Sep 86) ..ccececccsececeeccees

Private Aircraft Use of Unmanned Airfields Restricted
(THE HERALD, 19 Sep 86) ...ecceecececcccencccccccccsroees

Briefs
Petrol Rationing Denied
PLO Buys Harare Property
SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Contributions of American Business in South Africa Questioned
(Editorial; DIE AFRIKANER, 30 Jul 86) .

Various Opponents of Apartheid Discussed
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 9 Jul 86) .. a eee eee ceenceeesseeee

Church Says ‘Vengeful Countersanctions' Wrong
(THE STAR, 19 Sep 86) .ccceesccccccccvcccccscsscccsovcres

Marais Criticizes Afrikaner Resistance Movement Policy
(DIE AFRIKANER, 30 Jul 86) ...cssccecsecececesccseseeeeer

43

46

47

48

49

50

51

52
52

53

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57

58


However, this increase in production by the private sector in Chibuto has not
been properly matched by other resources, particularly the transportation
facilities needed for the shipment of the products which the district cannot
consume.

According to the private farmers, their vehicles have been destroyed both in
the province and elsewhere by the armed bandits, in some cases, and in others,
they have been reduced to useless carcasses by excessive use.

The majority of the private farmers in Chibuto were in times past heavy
producers of various animal species, particularly cattle, but their herds have
now been reduced almost to zero because of plundering by armed bandits.

According to Ibrahimo Lalgy, one of the private farmers, who had 1,300 head of
cattle in 1982 in the Alto~Changane region, his herd in the Chicumbane region
in the district of Xai~Xai had been reduced to 600 cows by the middle of this
year.

Antonio Jose Rodrigues de Almeida said that toward the middle of 1982, he was
raising cattle and other animal species in the Xigubo region, Chicualacuala
district. Prior to that time he had owned 1,400 head of cattle, about 1,000
hogs and approximately 800 goats. Due to the pillaging activities of the
bandits, his farm project was transferred to the Mucotuene region, also in
Chibuto, and Mapapa, in the district of Chokwe, with only 500 head of cattle.

Currently, the Almeida brothers' operation includes two farms, in addition to
the livestock. One is in Mucotuene, where mainly truck-garden crops are
raised, and the other, where rice is produced, is located in the Nwaxicoluane
region, in Chokwe. These farms cover 50 and 80 hectares, respectively.

This individual said that the private farmers in Chibuto are faced with the
death of the animals in their herds due to the difficulties experienced in
obtaining the proper vaccines to combat their ailments.

5157
C€S0:3442/309

38


“Many black companies have already been burned down, which leads to the destabilization of black
communities. NAFCOC is busy at present with a study of the problem and a report will be presented later
this year.”

He criticized the government for its condition that Nelson Mandela must renounce violence before he will
be released.

Despite his criticism of the present system, he is positive about the future of black businesses in South
Atrica.

Economy, Politics Seen Intertwined
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 9 Jul 86 p 12
[Editorial: “Businessmen and Violence")

[Text] The way in which the economy and politics have become intertwined in South Africa was clear in the
speech which Chairman Dr. Sam Motsuenyane delivered yesterday in Cape Town at the annual
conference of the black chambers of commerce (NAFCOC).

Dr. Motsuenyane draws a rather harsh, negative picture of the goverment. It is portrayed as the primary
cause of decisions made by NAFCOC, including one not to work actively for new investments in South
Africa unless certain conditions are met. The least that can be said is that there may be serious doubts
about the wisdom of such an approach if one believes that the 20th century has irrefutably proved that
democracy can only flourish in industrialized countries with a high level of prosperity.

In addition, the chairman of NAFCOC sets conditions that the government is to meet, such as the release
of Nelson Mandela, dropping the ban on the ANC, and a readiness to negotiate with representative black
leaders.

In this connection it is striking that NAFCOC does not demand that the ANC and other radical organizations
stop their policy of violence.

Renunciation of violence is in fact the sole condition the government sets for negotiations with anybody
and any organization. The agenda is open and there is no other obstacle to negotiations.

This is a justified demand, particularly since it is clear that intimidation and fear of violence is the primary
reason why black leaders are slow to negotiate with the government.

It is not just that violence is a serious obstacle to the start of negotiations; as long as there is the threat of
further violence, there can be no successful negotiations, because who can negotiate with a party that will
resort to more bombs if it does not get its way?

NAFCOC, an organization that is eager for black businessmen and entrepreneurs to play their rightful role
in a peaceful and progressive South Africa, cannot escape this thorny question. Its members too will have

to exert much stronger pressure against the policy of violence and terrorism if they want to realize their
ideals.

12593
CSO: 3401/171

69



SOUTH AFRICA

ANC SECRETARY CALLS FOR NON-RACIST DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY
Niamey LE SAHEL DOMANCHE in French 24 Aug 86 pp 4, 5

[Interview with Alfred N'Zo, ANC secretary-general, by. Boubacar Sidi Ahmed]

[Text ] Somewhere along the Cairo Road to Lusaka, at one of the
countless ANC offices... For security reasons, Oliver Tambo,
current leader of the African National Council (ANC), seldom
visits here, and, on the rare occasions when he does so, he is
invariably in disguise. This, however, in no way affects the
efficiency or the gung-ho attitude that pervades the office our
reporter visited. That is where he met the ANC leader. Despite
his advanced age, Alfred N'Zo is still a vigorously active man.
In this interview, he talks about the potential impact of econo-
mic sanctions on Pretoria, about the OAU, and about the rest of
the many unresolved issues that block any acceptable settlement
of the situation in South Africa.

[Question] As pressure from the international community upon
South Africa mounts, what can you tell us about the likelihood
of a change in ANC tactics within the fairly near future?

[Answer] First of all, ANC has been steadily and urgently crying
out to the international community to take action against apart-—
heidt. In the ANC view, that would add to the pressure already
thrust upon the system by our people's struggle inside our coun-
try. The combination of the two sources of pressure could mean
the prime factor in the destruction of the apartheidt system:

to put it another way, we are deeply grateful for this interna-
tional action on our behalf.

We would make special mention of the support we receive from the
front-line countries and from the OAU in general, which have never
wavered in their support for our people's struggle to reclaim

what is rightfully theirs.

Some of these countries, particularly those on the front line,
are doing so at great risk to their development, not to mention
their very existence. You know that they have made great sac-
rifices for the cause of economic sanctions about to be imposed

78


020105

~

JPRS-SSA-86-106 ‘
22 OCTOBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

DTIC QUALITY INSPE@TED 2

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY '
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE |
NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE 1S
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 |

PE AOTZ



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NUMBER OF VOTERS--There are now more than five million registered voters
for the three Houses of Parliament. Latest statistics released by Minister
of Home Affairs Mr Stoffel Botha show that at June 30 whites (House of
Assemblymen) had 3 009 700 voters--the first time that white voters topped
the three million mark--followed by coloureds (House of Representatives)
1529 752 voters, and Indians (House of Delegates) 591 454 voters. This
makes a total of 5 130 906 people able to vote in the tricameral system.
The constituency with the largest number of voters is the House of
Delegates’ Phoenix constituency in Natal, with 40 471. The House of
Representatives' seat with the most voters is Outeniqua, with 31 038,

while the House of Assembly's North Rand seat has 28 123 voters. North
Rand MP Mr Hans Schoeman died at the weekend. His constituency included
part of Verwoerdburg. Another seat in the greater Pretoria area, Pretoria
East, with 28 096 voters, is the second "heaviest" white seat. At the
other extreme, the House of Representatives' Northern Transvaal constituency
has 3 504 voters; Walvis Bay--part of the Green Point constituency in the
House of Assembly-- 4 461 voters, and the North-West Cape seat in the House
of Delegates has 5 201 voters. On a provincial basis (counting voters in
all three Houses), the Cape has 2 155 936 voters, Transvaal 1 813 511,
Natal 898 509, and Free State 262 950. In the House of Assembly, Transvaal
has 1 584 617 voters--52,65 percent of the white electorate in its 76 seats.
The Cape has 836 313--27,85 percent of the white voters in its 56 seats--
with an average of about 14 970 voters to each constituency. Natal, with
352 632 voters--11,72 percent of the white voters in 20 seats--has an average
of about 17 632 voters to each constituency. The Free State has 234 134
white voters--7,78 percent of the voters in 14 seats--at an average of

16 724 voters to each constituency. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in
English 17 Sep 86 p 16] /9317

MORE NEW TELEPHONES NATIONWIDE--More than 46 000 new telephones were
installed in South Africa in the first three months of this financial year,
the Postmaster-General, Mr Jimmy Taylor, said yesterday. Mr Taylor said the
installation brought the total number of telephones countrywide to 4,1
million at the end of June. About 200 000 more telephones could be installed
by. the end of the financial year. Mr Taylor said the demand for telephone
service remained high. The waiting list had decreased by only 1 000.

104


DJIBOUTI

Diplomatic Ties With Egypt Restored

(AFP, 30 Sep 86) ..ecceeceeccecceeceeceesceeseeseeesenses

Cabinet Decision Announced
‘Search for Arab Unity' Aided

Ethiopian Refugees Pressured To Leave Country

(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 30 Aug 86) .......cesceeeee

Possible Candidates for Presidency Viewed

ETHIOPIA

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 17 Sep 86) ..ccccececceccecceccees

Figures on Student Enrollment, Classroom Facilities

MOZAMBIQUE

(Makonnen Haile; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 18 Sep 86) .......

UNDP African Director Assesses Cooperative Efforts

(NOTICIAS, 19 Aug 86) ...

seeee ee eee eee teee

Health Minister Praises UNICEF Projects in Inhambane

(NOTICIAS, 19 Aug 86)...

Portugal Agrees To Reschedule Trade Debt

(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 13 Sep 86) ..

Achievements of Trainees Praised by GDR Firms

(Ernesto Zucule; DOMINGO, 17 Aug 86) ........0. eoeecceces

Government Signs Titanium Mining Agreement

(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 13 Sep 86) .....eeeesseeees

Goods Handled, Equipment Problems at Pemba Port Described

(DOMINGO, 17 Aug 86) ..c.ceccecccccccccccccccevreccccceees

_ Lonrho Acquires Estate in Agreement With Government

(BUSINESS DAY, 15 Sep 86) ...cssccccccccccccccceeceeceees

Land Distribution Improves Chibuto Farm Production

(Bento Niquice; NOTICIAS, 27 Aug 86) .......ccceecccceeee

Limpopo Land Reclamation Project Detailed

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 12 Sep 86) ..ceessecssccseccceere

General Elections for People's Assemblies Analyzed

Briefs

(Augusto de Carvalho; EXPRESSO, 23 Aug 86) .....seceeeeee

Nampula Marketing Campaign
Niassa Threatened by Famine

-b-

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15

16

19

21

23

26

27

31

33

36

37

39

40

42
42


The Post Office budget for capital expenditure to expand the telecommunica-
tions system came to R1 444 million in the present financial year. This
was nearly 11 percent higher than the R1 303 million of the previous
financial year. Mr Taylor said more than R506 million would be spent on
switching equipment for telephone and other exchanges. About R144 million
had been budgeted for subscriber equipment while R141 million would be spent
on exchange cables. Transport costs for the expansion and maintenance of
the communications system would be about R28,5 million.--Sapa [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 17 Sep 86 p 16] /9317

PROFESSIONALS STILL LEAVING--The number of professional people who left SA
in the first seven months of the year approached that for the whole of
1985. Central Statistical Service figures released yesterday show 1 422
professional and technical workers left up to the end of July compared
with 1 659 for the whole of 1985. This contributed to a net loss of 4 138
in the January-July period compared with a gain of 5 954 during the same
period last year. The net loss in July was 596 when 1 294 emigrated and
698 immigrated. In July last year 1 193 emigrated and 894 immigrated.

The number of foreign visitors slumped to 349 027 in the first half of
the year from 417 128 in the same period last year. Countries favoured
by emigrants in July were the UK (450) and Australia (402). The US took
93 and Canada 83.--Sapa [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English

18 Sep 86 p 3/ /9317

CSO: 3400/70

105



MOZAMBIQUE

PORTUGAL AGREES TO RESCHEDULE TRADE DEBT
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 13 Sep 86 p 6

[Text] Portugal has agreed to a further rescheduling of Mozambique's trade
debt, The agreement relates to a total of 170 million dollars. A year ago,
Lisbon had announced a rescheduling of Maputo's debt covering 120 million
dollars, The accord, signed on 5 September in Lisbon by the Portuguese
secretary of state for the treasury, Carvalho Fernandes, and by the governor
of the Bank of Mozambique, Eneas Comiche, will lead to the allocation of 25
million dollars in credit that the Porguguese government approved last year.
The rescheduling is independent of the rescheduling that the Club of London
and the Club of Paris, neither of which includes Portugal as a member, are
expected to approve in the next three months, Mr Comiche, while announcing
the agreement, also disclosed that the Mozambique's external debt currently
totals 3.9 billion dollars, and that half of this is owed to Western banks,

1,0.N,--Mozambique's debt level, as revealed by Mr Comiche, represents an
increase of about 70 percent compared with the debt figures at the end of
1984, which the Bank of Mozambique put at 2.4 billion dollars. The increase
cannot be explained merely by the continuing decline in exports, and one
therefore questions the reliability of the figures supplied by the Bank of
Mozambique in 1984 and later used by the World Bank, One can merely note

that its former governor, Prakash Patilal, changed post in the cabinet re-
shuffle last May-~a move that gave satisfaction to the IMF (see I.0.N. No
230). Also to be noted is the growing share of OECD countries in Mozambique's
indebtedness, Money owed to Western industrialised nations represents nearly
50 percent of the debt total, against 36 percent two years ago. This trend
seems in part attributable to Mozambique's membership of the IMF and the World
Bank at the end of 1984, and to the Nkomati agreement with Pretoria,

19274
CSO; 3400/87

26


‘The one wild factor in the South
African equation is. Nelson Mande-
Ja. If the ANC figurehead is re-
leased then Chief Buthelezi be-
lieves all is possible in getting the
Government’s stalled reform talks
going. If not, the- litany of violence
will continue.

“Dr Mandela is the martyr of
black South Africa.’ More than any-
one he has paid the price ... I be-
lieve his release would mark a bold
step towards rapprochment in this

country.’

Chief Buthelezi agrees the Gov-.
ernment would like to release Dr
Mandela rather than have him die
in detention and believes that “as
much as I detest and condemn the
State of Emergency as a black
leader, I would say that, at this
time, when they are clamping
down, it would be ideal to release
him.” .

He regards the Government's
demand that Dr Mandela first es-
chew violence as completely unfair
and says he would not do it if he
were in the ANC leader’s shoes.
“He would be repudiating his col-
leagues in the ANC.”

The Zulu leader’s participation
in talks with the Government on
constitutional changes — and-Chief
Buthelezi’s co-operation would pro-
vide the initiative with credibility

—‘now hinges completely on Dr

Mandela’s freedom.

. “The release of Dr Mandela and
others is an absolute prerequisite
to get talks going, before you even
think of the merits or demerits of
the thing. There is no way I or
some others would be seen to be
negotiating behind the backs of
other black leaders. And there is no
way in which whatever comes out
in any discussion from which politi-
cal prisoners are excluded will not
be seen to he betraying black South
Africa.”

Nor does he believe Mandela
presents a threat to security. “I
think they are overestimating what
he can do. Speculation is that there
will be a Khomeini/Iran type situa-
tion here, but you underestimate
the awesome powers that the secu-
rity forces have.”

His bottom line is that every-
body must be at the conference

85

table to sort out the country’s fu-
ture — including the ANC. This
will meet’a situation which is un-
like any other country which has
been colonised.

“When I look across at Mozam-
bique and see how meaningless is
thie triumph we all applauded a
few years ago ... I think we are
blessed in that .we will be the last
in Africa to solve our problem. As
intelligent human beings we should
jearn from these experiences and
avoid some of the pitfalls which
‘our brothers in Southern Africa
could not avoid.”

He is more than puzzled and
frustrated at President Botha’s ap-
parent immobility. “He has himself
said that apartheid is outdated.
This was historic ... look at some
of the holy cows he has slaughtered
— the Mixed Mariages and the Im-
morality Acts, the pass laws. Noth-
ing has happened. ‘There is no re-
volt by whites.”

He suspects that President
Botha “gives the rightwing more
credibility than it deserves. He has
been frozen because he was too
alarmed by the incidents which
took place in Pietersburg (when
the AWB broke up an NP meeting).

“That was just too frightening
for him. All the Afrikaner lead-
‘ers have been haunted by the idea
that they would go.down’as the one
that split the volk. Mr Botha has
already done so, insofar as the CP
has hived off, and I don’t think he
would like to see anymore of that.
This has made him freeze.”

He finds this ironic because polls
show President Botha has as much
support among English-speakers as
the PFP. “He has said apartheid is
dead. He has said he is committed
to reform. He has the mandate.
Now he must practise what he

Chief Buthelezi has one main
concern: “Mr Botha behaves now

- as if he doesn’t give two hoots in

hell whether sanctions are applied
or not. With the escalation of vio-
lence I fear he will go into the
laager and damn the consequences
and this frightens me more than
anything.”

He sees this as a great pity.
“He has to realise that even if



In all these instances, this is part of our strategy against the
current regime in South Africa. The combination of these two
approaches shows you the all-encompassing scope of the struggle
in which ANC is engaged.

[Question] There are people who tend to see communism lurking
behind every bush. That leads them to say very often that if the
ANC ever gets into power, it will mean...

[Answer] Of course they do! And it's nothing but a pretext.

What you have to keep constantly in mind is this: while ANC is
totally committed to this struggle, our organization is also party
to discussions with whites from other sections of the interior of
South Africa. We do this to mobilize these sections against the
apartheidt system. This is why, for us, discussion is important.
Through it, we can get our people's point of view across to white
businessmen, some of whom have come to Lusaka to meet with ANC
members. :

There you have the other aspect of our approach; you might call
it our political and diplomatic front, so as to nip all specula-
tion in the bud. By extension, ANC stands ready to meet with
anyone who wants to discuss the situation in South Africa. It
was this attitude that led us to meet with the British represen-
tative, who had, incidentally, admitted that ANC simply cannot be
shut out from the quest for peace in South Africa. It is vital
that everybody understand our movement's position, understand our
policy, our strategic objective, the fact that its perspective

is global in scope: that would certainly allow us to dismiss the
fallacious attitude of those portions of the media that are hos-—
tile to us.

At a completely different level, the goal for which we strive is
the creation of a non-racist, fundamentally democratic, and united
society. One society, within which all citizens, black and white,
will have a part in designing and building the future of their
country. You can see why it would be rash, then, to predict just
what political system will be chosen. All that concerns us for
the moment is putting an end to the privilege that only the mino-
rity can make its voice heard in this country. That goal is based
on a program that is no secret at all and which is written into
the freedom charter. It clearly stipulates that South Africa be-
longs to the people who live there: blacks and whites. Hence,

no government may impose a political system that is not rooted in
the will of all South Africa's people.

To reply to another aspect of your question, I can tell you that
one thing is already certain: certain countries that cherish that
idea know that if there is a change in the political system in
South Africa, they will no longer be able to exploit the riches
of our country as they are doing now through the multinationals;

80


ANGOLA

BRIEFS

JOINT NATIONAL PROGRAM--There could be an increase in cooperation between
Angola and the EEC in the technical and financial fields following the signing
in Luanda this afternoon of a national investment program. The document
signed today in Luanda contemplates investment in industry, agriculture,
health, fisheries and transportation, among others, using the 95 million
European currency units granted by the European Development Fund to be spent
over a 5-Year period. [Excerpt] [Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900
GMT 1 Oct 86 MB] /12913

STATE COMMISSIONERS APPOINTED--President Jose Eduardo dos Santos has signed a
People's Assembly resolution appointing 11 deputies to coordinate the
commissions of the country's supreme organ of state power. Deputy Maria Mambo
cafe will coordinate the commission of planning, finance, foreign trade, and
international cooperation; Andre Pitra will coordinate the commission of
agriculture, livestock production, fishing, internal trade, hotel industry,
and tourism; (Jacinto Chipoupa) will coordinate the commission of
construction, housing, transport, and communications; Pedro van Dunem, the
commission of industry, energy, and petroleum; Deputy Francisco Magalhaes
Paiva is the new coordinator of the commission of defense, security, and
internal order; Pascoal Luvualu continues to coordinate the commission of
health, work, social security, and social issues of the child; Afonso van
Dunem continues to coordinate the commission of external relations; Roberto de
Almeida retains the commission of education, science, culture, sports and
[words indistinct]; Juliao Mateus Paulo will coordinate the commission of
political and [word indistinct] issues; Kundi Paihama will coordinate the
commission of citizen complaints and [word indistinct]; and Lucio Lara will
coordinate the commission of the organs of the people's power. [Text]

[Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0700 GMT 28 Sep 86 MB] /12913

REPATRIATION RATE 'TREMENDOUS'-~O Free Land of Angola, 1 October (KUP)--A
former refugee in an interview granted to a KUP reporter in Jamba yesterday,
said that the repatriation of Angolan refugees is continuing at a tremendous
rate. He said that most of the repatriated refugees were youths who were
promised financial means to study abroad. The older ones are often corrupted
with large amounts of money, beyond their expectations, to buy several basic
“needed goods under the promise of a better life in Luanda. This year the
maneuver started as early as the end of February and it is expected to
intensify as the war gets tough against UNITA. The refugee said that the
majority of refugees in the Maheba camp were only prepared to return when


ZIMBABWE

INDIA STUDIES FEASIBILITY OF SILK, RUBBER, KYANITE PROJECTS

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 12 Sep 86 p 11

[Text]

19274
cso:

INDIA’S state parastatal for im-
port and export promotion, PEC,
is actively involved in a number
of proposed projects to be carried
out on a joint-venture basis with
the Zimbabwe Government.
Feasibility reports will. soon be
completed on a silk industry in
Zimbabwe, a rubber-manufa-
cturing project, and a kyanite
plant. .

“The first secretary (economic and
commercial cooperation) in the In-
dian High Commission, Mr George
Joseph, told the Gazette this week
that the Indian government will soon
recruit experts to carry out a pilot
project on silk production in
Zimbabwe.

Zimbabwe will provide the i
frastructural support and the Indi-
an government will pay salaries in
India for the experts. India produces
silk on a commercial basis and has
vast experience in its production. ~

UNCOMPETITIVE

However, it has been argued that
this country’s labour charges are too
high, and therefore the silk prices
would be uncompetitive on the
world market. It has been suggest-
ed that instead of carrying out the
project on a plantation basis, domes-
tic units — such as families, cooper-
atives, and groups of resettled
farmers — should produce mulber-
ry trees and sell cocoons to a state
marketing authority.

The second project is for the
growing and processing of rubber
in Zimbabwe, and an Indian expert
will urrive in Zimbabwe next month

3400/101

to begin a‘study.

“Conditions for growing rubber
in the Honde Valley appear to be
very good, so an expert will be
Tecruited to come and carry out a
study. Once this study is conclud-
ed, the Indian government will give
a report to the Zimbabwe Ministry
of Agriculture. This project would
create a lot of employment because
rubber is a Jabour-intensive indus-
try,’” said Mr Joseph. :

A kyanite-manufacturing : study
has already been concluded, and the
report is being studied by the Zim-
babwe Mining Development Corpo-
ration (ZMDC). The project
involves the calcining of kyanite to
produce mullite. which is used in
making refractory bricks.

Mr Joseph said: “The Ministry
of Mines is very happy with the
preliminary report, and the full
Teport is expected in October. If the
Zimbabwe Government finds the
report acceptable, we are prepared
to put up a twin plant.

“The first part will be for the cal-

50

ining of kyanite, and the second part
will be. using the mullite to make
high-alumina refractory bricks. The +
preliminary report says that the cal-
cining plant can produce more mul-
lite than Zimbabwe requires, so
there is a potential for exports. The
refractory bricks plant can meet
Zimbabwe's requirements in full,
and create jobs for Zimbabweans, "*
he said.

RE-ROLLING MILL -

The PEC has also considered a
project for a steel re-rolling mill,
also to be carried out on a joint-
venture basis with the Zimbabwe
Governmer

Zimbabwe imports 185 000
tonnes of stec! annually, and the cost
of putting up such a mill would be
less than the cost of importing the
steel, according to Mr Joseph. The
steel could be used for making rails,
and this would save the country
large amounts of foreign exchange,
as well as saving time in the deliv-
ery of rail.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION BY SACHED--While talk of alternative education rates
on, an SA organisation has been applying it since 1959 with considerable
success. The Sached Trust, committed to a democratic, non-racial united
South Africa, has through consultation with deprived communities developed
several programs with education taking top priority. Turret Correspondence
College, the Sached Trust's secondary education wing, was born in 1970.

With the crisis in black education deepening, the TCC secondary education
program has been expanded into two categories. Program A caters for working
or unemployed adults who need a senior education. The part-time course,
which prepares the student for a Joint Matriculation Board Matric, runs over
three years. Program B is a one-year matriculation program, only. for
students who have already studied at matric level but have not obtained

the qualification. TCC has learning centres in eight centres around the
country--Pretoria, Johannesburg, Durban, Maritzburg, East London, Grahamstown,
Port Elizabeth and Cape Town. Students and adults who want to register for
the 1987 programs must do so when registration opens on November 30.

Closing date for Program A is February 15 while the Program B registration
deadline is February 28. [Text] [Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English

21 Sep 86 p 4] /9317

BLACK COUNCILLORS 'DESERT' TOWNSHIP SEATS--Administrators have been put in
charge of nine black townships as councillors desert their seats. This
was confirmed this week by Mr George Orr, the Deputy Director of the
Department of Constitutional Development and Planning. He said Alexandra,
Tembisa, Wattville, Bekkersdal, Nonzwakazi, Lingalihle, kwa-Nobulile, kwaGuqa
and Bela-Bela were now controlled by administrators because of the absence
of town councils in these townships. "But I wouldn't say that the councils
have failed," he said. Orr said that if blacks did not participate in the
administration of townships, his department would appoint retired magis-
trates, commissioners, town clerks, or any white person seen by the
department as being capable of handling black affairs to do the job. Many
township residents see the new system as a perpetuation of the council
system. In Tembisa on the East Rand, a number of former councillors have
been appointed as administrators. "As long as the councillors are there,
we will not support such structures," said an angry resident. Orr said a
key difference between the two sistems was that councillors were elected,
while administrators were appointed by the minister. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE NEW NATION in English 11-24 Sep 86 p 4] /9317

CSO: 3400/67

92


Newspapers are currently able to report on the municipal forces actions,
since they do not fall under the definition of "security forces." It is
rumored in Pretoria, however, that the definition may be extended to ban
reporting on their actions, which would consequently restrict full coverage
of events around the rents crisis. A lawyer said this would be an alarming
development. "The authorities should rather stop the shootings than ban
them being reported upon," he said.

Asked if central government would allow council services to run down due
to Lack of funds, the Department of Constitutional Development and
Planning spokesman said: "It is not the policy of the government to
subsidise local authorities, but in cases where a need is encountered,
assistance may be considered." The spokesman said. those in arrears
with their rent due to indigency could apply to their local authorities:
for remissions. "Evictions are only considered when people are in a
position to pay, but refuse to do so," he said.

Some 21 people were killed and 92 injured in Soweto’ on. 26 August in riots
reportedly sparked off over the rents issue. Seven people were shot in
Sharpeville on Monday last week, during a period of unrest which had also
been linked--non-officially--to the non-payment of rent and the threat
of evictions.

/9604
csO: 3400/81

71



This upturn in foreign investment interest coincides with the progress report-
ed in the negotiations with the IMF on structural economic reforms linked to a
standby loan of 190 million dollars. This agreement could be concluded by
November,

I,0,N.~-QIT Fer et Titane, which is wholly owned by Standard Oil Metallurgical
Co (which also has a 42-percent stake in Richards Bay Mineral, the biggest
titanium producers in South Africa) is thus set to mine titanium in the two
"pro-Soviet" countries of the region,

Titanium, a mineral whose consumption is rising fast, is chiefly used to build
aircraft, submarines and missiles. It is also used in the chemical industry.

19274
cso: 3400/87

32


{Answer] The FAI mandate expires in September 1986, 2 months from now.

This means that if Parliament approves another law for the extension of the
FAI, after September 1986, the FAI will not be able to approve new projects.
But all the projects that have been approved until the end of its existence
will be carried out until the end....

[Question] Let us talk now about the already acquired funding for the tele-
detection center and for the training of its personnel.

[Answer] Taken as a whole, this is the AGRHYMET program that is carried out
by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) whose objective is the use of
meteorology for agriculture in arid-land countries.

One of the most important parts of this project is actually the teledetection
center that will be used in the various Sahel countries to receive pictures
from weather satellites and to interpret them in order to guide farmers.

At the end of the project, this teledetection center should be entirely
managed by qualified personnel from African countries.

I know that the Italian Weather Bureau will be the Italian government agency
that will train this personnel.

As you know, Italian funding for the project amounts to $9,559,725. I don't
remember the total cost of the project, but I am absolutely certain that
Italy is the main contributor to the project by a quite sizeable margin: we
are contributing the largest amount. Our financing has already been acquired
and I believe that the project is going to start.

[Question] The International Center for Cattle-Breeding in Africa (ICCBA) has
expressed the wish to get also a teledetection center: has Italy been
approached to participate in its financing?

[Answer] As far as I know, no. But we are in the process of concluding an
agreement with Kenya for the creation of a teledetection center at Mombasa:

the agreement should be signed in Italy near the end of July 1986. But I
don't know anything, at this stage, about the Addis Ababa teledetection center.
However, I obviously do not rule out the fact that if we.do not receive a re-
quest in this matter, we will not be able to participate in the organization
of the center and at the moment, I am not aware of such a request.

[Question] Mr Minister, what are the bases of Italian policy toward Niger?

[Answer] Since 1982, the Italian government has advocated an Italian coopera-
tion contribution to the Sahel in the amount of $500 million. Niger has re-
ceived $90 million from the Cooperation Department of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, to which must be added assistance from the Italian Assistance Fund
(FAL, a temporary organization that was created 18 months ago for emergency
problems in the Sahel). I don't know exactly the amount of this assistance
that the FAI will give to Niger within the framework of this undertaking--I
believe it will be approximately around $40 million.

44


SOUTH AFRICA

NORWEGIAN SHIPPERS: FEWER SHIPS CALL AT PORTS
Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 8 Jul 86 p 9

[Article by Grete De Lange: "Registration by the Shipowners' Association--
Fewer Ships Call on South Africa"]

{Text] According to information obtained by the Norwegian Association of
Shipowners, in the period from 1 Apr to 1 Jul of this year 926,438 tons of
crude oil were unloaded in South Africa with a total of four calls by
Norwegian tankers. Two of these calls were by Norwegian-owned ships under
foreign flag.

“Norwegian-owned" means ships which are at least 50 percent owned or
controlled by a Norwegian legal entity. The registration also includes ships
which are not listed with the Shipowners' Association.

In a letter from the Shipowners' Association to the Ministry of Trade and
Shipping it is emphasized that this is the first time a systematic survey of
such oil ships had been done. The numbers are therefore not directly
comparable with previous estimates. According to these estimates, there have
been 15-20 calls per year by oil tankers under Norwegian registry.

The letter from the Shipowners' Association states that if one compares this
Norwegian-registered part of the fleet, i.e. the part of the fleet which is
formally under Norwegian jurisdiction, it seems that on an annual basis we can
note a considerable decrease in the number of calls.

The registration is a result of the Storting announcement no. 26 regarding
Norwegian measures against South Africa where it says among other things: "The
Norwegian Association of Shipowners will set up a registration arrangement for
all Norwegian-owned tankers which call on South Africa. The registration will
include the number of calls and the tonnage. This information which will be
sent to the Ministry of Trade every quarter, shall be open to the public.

In a comment to AFTENPOSTEN Minister of Trade and Shipping Kurt Mosbakk says
that he considers the decline in the number of ships calling on South Africa
to be a positive sign. He hopes that this is an indication that the
shipowners are following the requests which have been made.

113



UGANDA

BRIEFS

DELEGATION RETURNS--The Minister of State for Defence, Mr Ronald Bata, and
National Resistance Army Commander Elly Tumwine have quietly returned home
from a three week overseas tour which took them to among other places, the
Soviet Union, China and North Korea. No official announcement was made of the
trip but well-placed sources at the Ministry of Defence said today they had
most likely gone to shop for weapons. The shopping list was said to have
included heavy artillery guns and quite possibly helicopter gunships, a
diplomatic source said. [Excerpt] [Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 29 Sep 86
p 1 EA] /12913

cso: 3400/106

49



The total of Italian Cooperation aid to Niger that had been approved in these
past years amounts to approximately $130 million.

[Question] To conclude this interview, Mr Minister, tell us about the pros-
pects of Italo-Nigerien relations.

[Answer] Italian aid to development in general has been greatly increased

during the last 5 years after the approval of a 1979 law—Law No 38. We have
now reached 0.34 percent of the Gross National Product (GNP) and the objective
is to reach, before the end of the decade (1990), the total of 0.7 percent of

the GNP set by the United Nations as the optimum percentage from industrialized
countries in aid of developing countries.

In this prospect, I am sure that after the on-going projects are finished,
Italian aid to Nigerien development will continue and will even be intensified.

Interview done by Soule Manzo.
PHOTO CAPTIONS
1. Top of p 3. His Excellency Mario Scialoja

2. Bottom of p 3. "I was impressed by the people's participation in the
Keita Project, which I visited for a full day."

12260/12859
cso: 3419/302

45


considerations. The price of phosphates is determined on the basis of the
wage and profit decisions of the state monopoly enterprise Phoscor [Phosphate
Development Corporation], in which agriculture has no say. The price of
nitrogen fertilizer is determined by the import duties the state imposes on
ammonia and the unwillingness of Sasol [South African Coal, Oil and Gas
Corporation] and AECI [not further identified] to follow proper cost effective
principles in their nitrogen production.

The price of tractors is determined by four factors: the production costs of
the unproductive ADE [not further identified] plant, the state's import
duties, the waste that results from the fragmentation of the tractor industry
into seven ineffective assembly plants--the “seven dwarfs" economists joke
about, and the supply policy of the seven foreign mother companies. The price
of sprays is basically determined by the government's policy of pretending
that the suppliers are not mere packers, but actually bona fide manufacturers
in need of tariff protection.

And what about the most dangerous price increase of all, the interest rate
atrocity which is crammed down the farmers' throats--this make-believe “market
rate of interest" that in reality was, and still is, the manipulated interest
rate of the government and the Reserve Bank?

Where, in all these things, are these free "market forces"?

Where, in the marketing of agricultural produce, does the organized producer
have a free hand in the expansion of his market? How can the government
demand on the one hand that the prices of his products be determined by the
“market,” and on the other hand hinder the producer of meat and dairy products
from expanding his market by officially endorsing the cholesterol story, long
since scientifically shown to be untrue and found to have been a mere
long-term publicity myth put out by the margarine interests?

The unavoidable consequences of the government's policy of simultaneously
keeping the price of agricultural products low and the cost of agricultural
inputs high has been that agriculture has become an increasingly uneconomic
industry. However, since agriculture is not ruled by mere motives of profit,
but has its own laws, unprofitability has not led to an immediate exodus of
farmers from the industry. Farming losses certainly led to the destruction of
capital, but the farmer went on farming and in reality lived on the
inflationary increase in the value of his land. How many farmers were obliged
to increase their mortgage loans in order to retire, while their sons took
over the farm with a higher debt, under the assumption that the farm would in
fact be able to pay off the load of debt over the son's lifetime?

Now that the government has taken the disastrous little game of farming losses
and capital destruction in agriculture too far and land prices are no longer
rising, there is no more capital left to sacrifice unless the farmer gives
way. More and more farmers have to sell out so that the purchase price of the
farm at least wopes out the debt, even though the farmer has to trek to the
city with empty hands. If the financial interests don't buy the farm, another
farmer will estalbish himself on the land with a smaller debt, which the farm

74


His speaking engagements are legion and he constantly
travels about the country. Ulundi now has night-landing
facilities, which makes it easier for him to get about.

He never takes holidays. There just isn’t the time. He says
he could profitably be employed just in running Inkatha.

He is always available to the people, and — to the chagrin
of his advisers and colleagues — accepts invitations even
from local student bodies which want to hear him.

“I don’t take myself seriously as a head of state. I am a
freedom fighter and I must take the people seriously.” This
is why he spends so much time dealing with problems which
have been sent to him by petitioners who want his personal
intervention. ‘

Chief Buthelezi’s bedroom and car are full of books and
magazines to which he subscribes. But he never has time to
finish one. . .

He loves music (his taste ranges from Handel to Mozart to
Sinatra to Iglesias to pop) but he only has time to listen to it
on the cassette tape of his car.

He lives with death threats and does not allow them to
influence him. He was warned by a friend as well as security
sources that plans were afoot to assassinate him last July 16.
He went ahead anyway with his plans to address a meeting
in Durban.

His idea of a good time — he is a great conservationist —
is to visit a nearby game reserve when he gets the chance.

JOHN MACLENNAN reports from Ulundi on Buthelezi’s
hopes, philosophy — and fears for the future.

CHIEF BUTHELEZI has always
been a man of peace but — like
Nelson Mandela — he will choose
the path of violence if his people
demand it.

He gave this and other views in a

‘wide-ranging interview with The Sun-
day Star at his Government’s head-
quarters in kwaZulu this week. In
brief: :
@ Mandela must be released before Chief
Buthelezi or any other black leader who
can claim credibility will negotiate a new
constitutional dispensation with the Gov-
ernment. .
@ President Botha’s nerve has failed him
and he is missing a once-in-a-lifetime op-
portunity to assure all South Africans ofa
secure and peaceful future.
@ A successful outcome at the Indaba
could become a beacon of hope — or
plunge the country into ‘civil war if the
Government gives if,ue thumbs down.

His-hope for the future is a South Afri-
ca vwnere power is shared among all:the

ple”.

“T believe this country Is different.from
many others in Africa which were-colon-
ised, in that it hagg larger. settldment of

whités who are Watgets
tlers or expat

who'have become: e-
nous. ee :

* “T envisage a South
Africa in which all popu-
lation groups are repre-
sented, in which all the
freedoms are guaranteed
and where there is a bill
of rights. I believe this
can only be brought
about through negotiation
and reconciliation.”

He sees the Indaba as
the first step along this
route. “It is unique and it
is the practical way of
going about reconcilia-
tion, not just between
whites and blacks, but be-
tween black groups.”

He is not surprised that
some black groups are
refusing to take part be-
cause they are for the
armed struggle and it is
against everything for which they
stand. “But the Indaba proves them
wrong.”

84

If the.Government is implacable
about the Indaba’s demand for a
new system of joint legislature —
and it is understood the partici-
pants are now hammering out the
final details of representation —
then, says Chief Buthelezi: “As a
democrat I must take my cue from
my people ... I have always said
my people’s options are my op-
tions and I have saidas a Christian
that non-violence is the answer for
me ... I don’t think it is timely to
‘use violence at this time ... (but) if
people want me to lead them
through violence then of course,
however reluctantly, I would have
to do so as the servant of the peo-
ple” .

He does not know what will hap-
pen if the Government turns down
the Indaba’s suggestions, makes
the point that he is not threatening
President Botha, but adds : “I real-
ly hope God helps South Africa if
that happens because it will be a
plus for those who say violence is
the answer ... I don’t say violence
would be more viable, but it would
sound more viable.”


LIMPOPO LAND RECLAMATION PROJECT DETAILED

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE (Farming) in English 12 Sep 86 p 16

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/94

AUTHORITIES in Mozam-
bique’s southern Gaza province
have begun to drain 1 250 hec-
tares of swampland in the Limpo-
po valley to relieve land pressure.

It is hoped the land reclamation
will provide extra space for
hundreds of peasants living along
the lower Limpopo river and on the
outskirts of the provincial capital,
Xai-Xai.

Groundwater from the surround-
ing hills accumulates between the
high ground and the valley floor.
Unable to seep further down due to
a layer of thick, impermeable clay,
the water forms bogs called
machongos.

Drainage work was originally
done by the Portuguese in the
1950s, using peasant labour, but
was abandoned in the early 1970s.
Now, after over a decade, the
drainage system as Siaia, 30km
north of Xai-Xai, is being rehabili-
tated and extended.

CHANNEL

So far, work has been done on
clearing old channels, draining
machongos, and building an !1km-
long main channel.

Between 1982 and February 1986

39

530 000 cubic metres of carth were
moved. The land retained was to ac-
commodate 2 879 communal fat
lies in quarter-hectare allocations,

“but land iS still short. according to

the Mozambican news agency AIM.

The work is the responsibility of
the state-run Lower Limpopo Irri-
gation System (SRBL),.and the

overall project for the area will be:

presented to a Dutch non-
governmental organisation, Hivos,
in the hope of securing. external
financing.

The work on‘ clearing the old
secondary and tertiary channels is
being done by peasants. from six
nearby villages who will benefit
from land distribution, who work
with water up to knee- or even
waist-level. - .

SRBL is short of adequate
machinery and uses outdated equip-
ment.. Drainage costs run to about
US$250/ha for-a previously-drained
machongo and US$1 500 for a
“virgin” ‘one like the Lumane-
Chicumbane swamp, where 777ha
have been drained and over half the
area cultivated.

The 11km channel collects water
from 44 secondary channels and
flows into the Lumane River, a
tributary of the Limpopo.

MOZAMBIQUE



‘The urban labour preference policy

has increased poverty in the rural
areas, claims the memorandum, and
this in turn raises the level of unem-
ployment in these areas.

Asurvey in the Pilanesburg area of
Bophuthatswana found “the main
cause of unemployment was poverty
related illness and disablement.

“Of the 36 percent of people who
had never been able to get work,
40 percent were either too ill or disa-
bled. Of those who had lost their jobs,
30 percent were because of illness.”

_ Most of that 30 percent were aged
between 20 and 29.

The memorandum claims “the per-
centage of: unemployed men and
women who had been out of work for
longer than two years has risen from

Jobless

83_and_4,3percent’ respectively in_) women had been without jobs* for

1977 to 38,5 and 53,8 percent respec:
tively in 1984.

“By 1984, 36 percent of the unem-
ployed had never been able to find
work since leaving school. And of
those who had lost their jobs, the
mean average time spent out of work
since becoming unemployed was five
years and seven months.”

Other studies showed:

@At the-new industrial growth point
of Richards Bay the average duration
of unemployment in 1984 was 12,3

months.

@in the Port Elizabeth/Grahams-
town area in 1984 29 percent of unem-
ployed men and 23 percent of unem-
ployed women had not worked for be-
tween one and two years, while
21 percent of men and 30 percent of

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Sep 86 p 8

[Article by Duncan Guy]

{Text]

For Mr Dennis Conlon of Sui-
deroord, Johanneburg,-a new job
has on three occasions in the
past five years only meant re-
trenchment a few months later.

Now the former sales rep is
going out on his own with a
home-based carpet cleaning
business.

He discovered the market for
his new business while helping
in a friend’s renovating busi-
ness.

“Home-owners asked me if he
knew anyone who could clean
carpets.”

Now, with a R10000 loan
from the Small Business De-
velopment Corporation (SBDC),
Mr Conlon has a mechanical
cleaner on order.

Other institutions that grant
loans to small businessmen,
namely the Get Ahead Founda-
tion and Barclays Bank have
confirmed these trends, as has
the Wits University Centre for
Developing Businesses.

“In the last year we have pro-
vided more loans to small busin-
esses than the past four years
altogether,” said a SBDC
spokesman.

The most up-to-date figures
issued by the SBDC are that be-
tween April and June, 52996

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cso: 3400/91

jobs were created as a result of
joans granted to small busin-
esses. .

Many of the loans, as little as
R100, have been distributed in
the informal sector of the econ-

omy. .

Breaking Government regula-
tions in such businesses is com-
mon practice and the SBDC has
pledged to push for the removal
of such obstacles.

But the legality issue has not
halted progress.

Said Mr Don MacRobert,
director of the Get Ahead Foun-
dation: “We see nothing immor-
al in setting people up in busi-
ness purely because they are il-
legal.”

‘A large proportion of small
businesses aided by loans have,
however, resulted in failure.

“But this is only paft of the
lesson of trial and error,” said
SBDC managing director, Dr
Ben Vosloo.

One problem area identified
by the Wits Centre for Develop-
ing Business is business owners’
lack of exercising correct cash
control.

“People do not keep records
in their books. Instead they just
make their own purchases from
the till and keep no track of.
their profits,” said lecturer con-
sultant Mr Dennis Mathele.

109

more than two years.
@in 1980, at the peak of the last
major economic upswing, research
based on the “official” monthly sur-
veys conducted by the Central Statis
tical Services (then the Department
of Statistics) showed 29,8 percent of
successful job seekers had been un-
employed for more than a year, and —
that of these 15 percent had been un-
successful in obtaining employment
for more than two years. °

“Tn. all parts of the country, for
those who are unemployed the chance
of finding employment is becoming
progressively smaller. In the bantu-
stan areas the chances of re-employ-
ment are now almost negligible,”
says the memorandum.

Go to Aid Bodies To Create Work

Dr Vosloo outlined another
problem as being the difficulty ©
for small businessmen to meet
bulk orders from large clients
— most simply do not have the
capital to produce in bulk.

But a scheme in Mamelodi,
near Pretoria, assisted by the
Get Ahead Foundation, had the
answer for that.

Mrs Regina Maluka, whose
backyard sewing industry and
school which has grown into a
massive centre with 150 stu-
dents, passes work on to 12 of
her former students who run
cottage industries. Each cottage
industry supports eight people.

“T cut designs and.they sew
them together for a commission
fee,” she said.

Another strategy which was
adopted to find markets for un-
employed artisans in Alexandra
was the establishment of the
Alexandra Industrial Associa-
tion.

The building is part of a
project launched by the Nafcoc-
Barlow Rand-owned organisa-
tion, Job Creation, which plans
to house 35 Alexandra entrepen-
eurs with workshops by the end
of the year.

“Tenants will pay minimal,
rents,” said managing-director
Mr Ian Hetherington.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

FIRST MAGNETIC RESONANCE SCANNER INSTALLED--South Africa's first Magnetic
Resonance Scanner--a Magnetom system--which has been installed in private
practice in Johannesburg for general diagnostic purposes, was inaugrated

this week, by the Director General of National Health and Population
Development, Dr F P Retief. In March 1985, Siemens was requested by a
private radiology practice, based at the Park Lane Clinic, to handle the

full spectrum of supply and installation of this unit. This included

aspects such as the co-ordination of building operations, costing an estimated
R1000000. Magnetic resonance scanning is a non-invasive diagnostic technique
which may even be used in pregnancy and childhood. It uses a strong magnetic
field to excite the hydrogen atoms in the tissue cells of a patient, and then
measures the frequency waves which are given by the cells to construct an
image. Many cases have illustrated that MRI is highly effective in the
diagnosis of problems affecting the central nervous system. "Our parent
company in West Germany currently invests about R100 million per annum on
research and development in the field of MRI. About 150 Siemens MR scanners
have been sold world wide, 90 of which are in use and the balance are currently
in the installation or testing stages", says Mr Darryl Flint, General Manager
for the Siemens Medical Engineering Division in South Africa. [Text][Johannes-
burg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 14 Sep 86 p 9]/12828

NEW TECHNOLOGY AT GOLD PLANT--President Brand's new gold plant, built at a
cost of R160 million, will be commissioned this year and is very much an
example of modern South African gold metal-lurgical technology. When the
No 5 Shaft complex starts producing ore, the plant will work at its full
390000 t/m capacity, says the Chamber of Mines in its latest Newsletter.
The old plant, with a 270000 t/m capacity will not be taken off-stream and
will be used instead to process waste material. The mine, which is in the
Orange Free State and part of the south region of Anglo American's Freegold
mega mine, first produced gold in 1954. Now a re-estimate of its working
life has led to the birth of the world's largest underground processing
plant. Built from scratch, the new gold plant is based on the recently
implemented technology of the carbon-in-pulp process. Construction started
in 1984 and all the design work and construction management has been done
in-house by Anglo American Corporation. The process works on the principle
that gold dissolved in a cyanide solution will readily attach itself to
certain types of carbon surfaces. Such activated carbon acts almost as a
sponge to gold, which can be subsequently washed free and precipitated

into solid form by the conventional zinc precipitation process. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 16 Sep 86 p 16]/12828

CSO: 3400/84 END

118


JPRS-SSA-86-106
22 OCTOBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Foreign Aid Expands Central African Telecommunication Nets
(W. An.; FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE
WIRTSCHAFT, 30 Jul 86) .

International Aid for Cotton Processing Facilities
(W. An.; FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE
WIRTSCHAFT, 6 Aug 86) ....sseeee

FRG Engineering Firms Direct Regional Energy Projects
(W. An.; FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,
29 Jul 86) ..ceeececccceccccccncerecrccs eee e eee eneenenee

ANGOLA

Briefs
Joint National Program
State Commissioners Appointed
Repatriation Rate 'Tremendous'

BOTSWANA

Briefs
Swedish Minister on Economic Cooperation
Development Aid Increased
Students Reject Boycott Call

CHAD

Editorial Views Third Anniversary of Libyan Occupation
(INFO TCHAD, 14 Aug 86) ....--eeeeee

-a-

0 00 ©

10

10

12



SOUTH AFRICA

TV VIEWERS CRITICIZE NEW BILINGUAL PROGRAMS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Sep 86 p 19

[Text]

Television viewers have appealed to the South
African Broadcasting Company not to’ increase
bilingualism on TV1 and to retain the 8 pm lan-
guage switchover.

Callers to Speak Out last night slammed
‘TV1’s new bilingual magazine programmes and
many even called for separate language chan-
nels.

But Mr Denis Barnard, Northmead, Benoni,

said: “Increased bilingualism is an excellent
idea. It will contribute to better fluency in the
two official languages. Some people only watch
the TV in the language they are familiar with —
now they will watch more of the other lan-
guage.”

Mr Y Louis, Berea: “Absolutely right! TV 1
should have been made a fully bilingual channel
from the beginning. It’s the only way the. SABC
can become truly South African. It will bring
the main sections of our population together.
Tm English-speaking but I still think it’s a good
idea.” :

However, of 40 callers to Speak. Out, these
were the only two who approved of increased
bilingualism. .

Mrs I Simms, Edenvale: “Please, SABC will
you leave the programmes as they are, they are
perfectly satisfactory. It’s going to be very diffi-
cult for people who aren’t bilingual to switch
over from English to Afrikaans. I’m speaking on
behalf of five people who are bilingual — keep
the programmes as they are.”

Mrs Dorothy Carpenter, Randpark Ridge said:
I think bilingual programmes constitute an en-
croachment on our already diminished English
rights in this country. Why can’t we have sepa-
rate channels as they do in Cananda with
French and English? I don’t like the idea of bi-
lingualism at all.”

102

Mr Russell Sadowsky, Hillbrow: “For one who:
speaks and understands both official languages,|
it’s no problem. But as everyone these days is so’
hooked on the protection of minority rights,
what about the R60 per annum TV licence of the
unilingual official language viewer who is ob-
viously going to miss out? When Patrick Duffy
appeared as a compere at a bilingual SABC TV
Artes Awards at the Civic Theatre he remarked:
‘T only understood half the show.”

Mr Floyd Tawana, Soweto: “I think TV1
shouldn’t be bilingual. With sports programmes
J find it difficult enough to understand the soc-
cer and boxing commentary in Afrikaans. In-
stead of SABC spending so much time in im-
proving TV1, what about TV2 and 3?

Mrs I Tramontino, Yeoville: “I’m not a lin-
guist, but when I came to this country from Ber-
lin in 1939, I had to learn to speak English. Many
foreigners have difficulty speaking Afrikaans —
I don’t want to have to learn Afrikaans.”

Mrs J Martin, Johannesburg: “I’m not politic-
ally inclined, but the idea of a fully bilingual
channel hurts. I’m English speaking and I want
to keep it that way.” *

Mrs Van G Houten, Florida Glen: “If there is
no 8pm language switchover we will just as
soon as possible have to subscribe to M-Net.”

Mrs. TA Hoffman, Brakpan: “I can’t relax
when I watch the bilingual magazine pro-
grammes”.

Mrs F Stirrup, Rosebank: “We need an extra
channel like the blacks, who have two chan
nels. In 1948 I spoke Afrikaans at Iscor — we
spoke English on the odd days of the month —
that was alright because it helps you learn the
language, but when I am paying for my enter-
tainment I like it in my home language.”


Professor Boshoff said that Afrikaners must be convinced that a land and state
of their own can be obtained if they really want it and are prepared to look
the consequences in the eye. Every piece of land that is owned by a white,
even if it is only the lot on which his house stands, can be made white
practically overnight. Pretoria can be made white- without difficulty, for
example, if the whites who own the land want to do this. "If they don't want
to do this, they must accept black rule and vanish from the scene as a people.
Otherwise they will have to enslave and oppress the black people in political
and other fields; they will not be able to maintain a just and morally
well-grounded policy and way of life; they will have to tell posterity
honestly: "We are now living well so that you may have no future 3 We accept
on your behalf the future of the whites in Rhodesia.”

Earlier in his speech, Professor Boshoff said that the Afrikaner is now living
through a crisis just as great as when he decided to make the trek 150 years
ago. More and more Afrikaners realize that the new constitutional arrangement
that came into operation in 1983 is the direct cause of this crisis. The new
arrangement was the result of a false reality in which the Afrikaner lived,
because stability depended on the untenable circumstances that a minority of
Whites successfully dominated a majority of blacks.

Before 1968, the government purposefully pursued a policy of separate
development of the various peoples, Professor Boshoff said. Then political
and social consideration became the predominant shaping forces, thanks to the
consistent desire of the alien financial power for a unitary economy in a
single mixed state. After 1968 the government gradually became more
accommodating, and the concept of one economy in one state was finally
accepted in its entirety. In this process economic forces got the upper hand
and black labor power began to play a decisive role, Professor Boshoff said.

12906/13104
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62


SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

ANC DRUG LINK ALLEGED--African National Congress members in Swaziland were
collaborating with Mozambican drug traffickers who were using refugees as
"cover" for their activities, a police source said. An officer said drug
trafficking had become a major source of income for ANC Operators in
Swaziland and other countries surrounding South Africa. A member had told
him this was necessary because of an ANC instruction that "regional
operations" should do their best to be financially self-sufficient. The
ANC member also allegedly told the officer it was party of his organisation's
strategy to encourage the use of drugs among Black youths in South Africa
with a view to increasing civil unrest. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 23 Sep 86 p 12]/12828

€S0: 3400/84

48


WORLD WAR II ERA BRANDWAG INSPIRES MODERN DAY GROUP

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Review) in English 14 Sep 86 p 22

[Article by Andrew Beattie]

[Excerpts]

(HE mobilisation of Brandwag |
defence units nationwide by:

the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweg-
ing to fight “unrest” is not at all
ironic when viewed in the light of
the quote at right.

What is ironic, however, is that
nearly 50 years ago a Brandwag
very similar in its aims and ideals
was formed to oppose the war
against the likes of Goering and
Hitler.

The Ossewabrandwag (OB) was
formed at the outbreak of World
War 2 and at the height of its
power had about 300 000 members.
At that time national socialism or
fascism had sprung up in Europe,
centred in Germany. In South Afri-
ca citizens were choosing where
they stood in the conflict of ideolo-
gies which would inevitably lead
to war.

Stormjaers (stormtroopers) of
the OB, an elite core within the
movement, embarked on a cam-
paign of urban terrorism, blowing
up post offices, railway lines and
other public facilities. Many of
them were convicted for offences
of violence and many more in-
terned. :

Kommandant-General Dr Hans
van Rensburg was the person who
suggested the name of the organi-
sation, and became its leader in
1940.

Writing in the first yearbook of
the Brandwag, published in 1949 (a
sign of coming out into the open)
Dr van Rensburg heralded the

19274
cso: 3400/93

Nats’ seizure of power as “a new"

deal for Afrikanerdom — away
with the wartime dictatorship of
Smuts and the attempts at racial
equality of Hofmeyr!”

Their future goals were to pre-
vent “unnational elements” from

ever ruling South Africa again and *

to give Afrikaner nationalistic

feelings a firm anchor outside par- *
liamentary political parties, mak- -
ing it impossible for the Govern- ;
ment to deal with “bread and but-

ter political issues” without incor-

porating the wishes of Afrikaner- ©

dom.

The journal listed the infiltra-
tion of political, cultural and eco- ;

nomic organisations for the pur-
pose of furthering the aims of
Afrikaner nationalism as top pri-
ority.

zen, writing in the same journal,
spelt out the Brandwag’s ideology.

The national socialist ideas of Na- ;

zism had clearly not died in a bun-
ker with Hitler.

“The social principles of Ger- ©

many and Italy have been deni-
grated by the whole Allied world
and by the formal government in
South Africa.

“But today, here and elsewhere
in the Western world, a recogni
tion of social ideas based on na-
tional foundations is gathering
force. History will unveil greed
and avarice in this respect and
people will be surprised. There
will be much clarity on this in fu-

97

Professor H M van der Westhui- .

ture years.”

When, in 1953, the organisation _
was finally disbanded, its mem- °
bers could claim satisfaction that
their mission had been largely a
success. South Africa’s indepen-
dence was to all intents and pur-
poses secured, and the National
Party government was deter-
mined to make the country a re-
public.

Superficially there are many
valid comparisons between the ;
Brandwag and the AWB. Historic- ©
ally, the Brandwag could be linked
in its ideology to worldwide
trends: the AWB has expressed
total disregard for outsiders and
prevailing political arguments. .

‘They differ in that the AWB is a .
reaction to the very real rise of”
black power, a symptom which
was hardly considered relevant by.
the Brandwag. This was confirmed ‘
by Eugene TerreBlanche, who has
repeatedly said that the political
choice will ultimately be between
the AWB and the African National
Congress, as the volk defend them- :
selves against a “bitter black rev-
olution”. .

As Malherbe predicted, the
Broederbond did outlive the
Brandwag. It still operates secret-
ly and outsiders scoff at assertions.
by people like Dr Gerrit Viljoen,
its former chairman, who say it is
“nothing but a cultural society”.

One wonders what they're up.
to these days...



The director of the African Bureau of the UNDP said yesterday in a meeting
with journalists that the first priority will be agriculture, for the
financing of small projects, while later, this same priority may be given to
industry.

“Aid may also be given to the government for the rehabilitation of certain
economic projects. We are ready to cooperate with the government of
Mozambique on some emergency programs, as well,“ Pierre Damiba said. He noted
that his visit to Mozambique was not solely for the purpose of observing the
development of the projects already financed, but had to do with plans for the
future of Mozambique as well.

When asked about the UNDP attitude toward the retaliatory actions of the
racist government of South Africa against the other countries in southern
Africa, in particular those resulting from the economic sanctions applied by
the international community, Pierre Damiba said that he has been holding talks
with the government of Mozambique on this matter since his arrival.

“In our next meetings, we will see to what extent the United Nations systems
can support the region against retaliatory sanctions," he said.

5157
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22



that the power of the president’s clan, the Mamassen
division of the Abgal, is threatening Issa unity.
When he fled to Ethiopia in May, Aden Robieh
went to see the traditional Issa leader, the ougass,
who lives in Dire Dawa in Ethiopia and indeed holds
the old imperial title of dejazmatch. This does not
Prevent ougass Hassan Hirsi from playing a major
role in Issa politics. It was the ougass for example
who called together the traditional supreme assembly
of the Issa, the 44 elders, in 1975, which gave its
backing to Hassan Gouled as the man to lead the
Issa of Djibouti to independence. Several conditions
were attached to this including the need to be impar-
tial among the Issa clans, and that he would take a
member of the Dalol as his main collaborator. There
is no sign that the Ougass is yet prepared to throw
his weight behind Aden Robleh, but there is no
doubt that many Dalol do believe that they have not
had their due. This goes back to what they see as
the failure of the Djiboutian government to acknow-
ledge the great contribution to the independence
struggle of Hassan Gouled’s rival in the late 1950s
Mohammed Harbi, who died in a plane crash in
1960. For the Dalol, his reputation and memory
have been unjustly ignored.

The complications with Aden Robleh have been
taking place at a time when the government of Prime
Minister Barkat Gourad has already been weakened
by a series of problems. The Afars have been angered
by the arrest of a number of leading Afar Liberation
Front supporters who had surrended under amnesties
in 1985, and by the dismissal of the Afar minister
of defence, Habib Mohamed Loita, in June last
year. There have been problems in the armed forces,

19274

CSO; 3400/107

with a former head of security fleeing to Ethiopia
in April 1985. In October 1985, the commander of
the frontier commando force and his deputy were
arrested. There were allegations of arms caches being
found. In July this year the highly regarded minister
of industry, Fahmi Ahmed el Laj, resigned for
personal reasons. Fahmi was a Yemeni who had
particularly close connections in the Arab world,
and he had proved especially adept at getting money.
There had been reports that he had had problems
over appointments within his ministry, being forced
to accept a cousin of Ismail Omar Guelleh as director
of the profitable electricity department against his
will. He will be particularly missed in the current
economic climate with the country’s growing indeb-
tedness, falling aid, and declining revenue from the
port transit trade and from customs duties.

The apparent lack of direction in the government
and economic concerns are leading to pressure for
significant change even in advance of the presidential
elections next year. France may yet be very influen-
tial. The French government of Jacques Chirac is
likely. to want to make its feelings known, even if it
hasn’t yet decided which presidential hopeful to
back. There is still plenty of room for manoeuvring
before Djibouti’s next president is chosen.

1, In addition to the two main communities there are another
85,000 or so Somalis - 45,000 Gadaboursi, and 40,000 Isaaq -
as well as 18,000 Arabs and 12,000 Europeans. These figures

come from an unpublished census in 1983. Official figures put
the total population considerably higher.

2. The main Abgal sub-clans are the Yonis Moussa (the largest),
Saad Moussa, Mamassen (to which Hassan Gouled belongs); and
Our Weiné. The main Dalol clans are the Fourlaba, Horoneh,
Walaldon, and Wardik.

18


19274
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The little that is known about ANC policy in-
dicates it would go even further towards state
control of the economy than did many of the
African countries that are now turning away
from this approach and towards private enter-

It is possible that ANC policy will be changed
to bring it more into line with contemporary
trends in Africa. However, this would depend on
the extent of influence wielded within the organ-
isation by the South African Communist Party
(SACP). Estimates of that influence range from
strong to dominant. The SACP’s own. policies
are almost certainly more extreme than those
of the vast majority of governments in Africa.

Not only the SACP, but the ANC, too, appears :
now to be far to the left of the: mainstream in
Africa, if not of the official policy of the OAU.O

101



areas which have little or nothing to do with the training which they have
spent 4 or 5 years acquiring abroad. And there have not been just a few such
instances. Occurrences of this sort have caused many young people to abandon
their work, and still the results of the errors committed are still being
felt today. They have not only caused some young people to leave the country,
but have also led some to choose not to work, leaving the enterprises short of
personnel,

This matter was taken up by a large number of workers who are in training at
the Fortschritt Combine in various specialties pertaining to agriculture.
This enterprise alone has 221 Mozambican workers in various vocational areas.

The point is the following. There are currently many workers who have already
completed specialized training and who, after returning to the country, were
not properly assigned, and were forced to return to the GDR. What those who
are currently in training fear is that their fate will be the same.

The question must be asked as to whether there will be work in this country
for the tractor mechanics, installers, painters and electricians we have sent
for training, so that they will not have to serve others. Or will we lack the
capacity to thank those who trained them for our benefit for their
willingness?

5157
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30


SOUTH AFRICA

BREAD PRICE INCREASES EFFECTIVE 1 OCT
MB250811 Johannesburg SAPA'‘in English 0746 GMT 25 Sep 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 25 Sep (SAPA)--The government today announced
increases in the price of white and brown bread from 1 October--a move
which has shocked consumer and feeding scheme organisations. The presi-
dent of the Housewives League, Mrs Lyn Morris, said the 12 percent
increase in the price of brown bread was excessive. White bread will
increase by 8.5 percent. She said the big jump in the price of brown
bread would cause great hardship for the poor.

A spokesman for Operation Hunger said the price increase was a big blow
and would increase the need for assistance to the hungry.

White and brown bread will cost 76¢ and 56¢ a loaf respectively from next
month, said a statement released by the director general of the Department
of Agricultural Economics and Marketing, Dr D.W. Immelman.

The announcement of a higher bread price coincides with a statement from
the Wheat Board of a 10.8 percent increase in the producer price of wheat.

In his statement, Dr Immelman said: "The government has decided on this
price increase in view of the increase in the price of wheat...and also
rises in the costs of the milling and baking industry." He said the last
bread price increase was a year ago. “An increase in the price of bread,
which would have become effective on 1 April, was deferred by means of
special measures taken by the government as well as the financial contri-
bution made by the Wheat Board and the milling and baking industries."

"It remains the constant aim of the government and the wheat industry,
in the interests of the consumer as well as the wheat producer, to keep
the price of bread as low as possible. All possible measures have been
taken to limit the increase in the bread price to the minimum."

He said this year's. bread subsidy of R193 million was insufficient to stave

off a price increase. Last year's total subsidy, which is financed mainly
by the government and the wheat board, was R210 million.

111



influence--the so-called “hassle factor"--will be disposed of by their
departure.

American businesses are welcome as always. But that they stay out of politics

and make a positive and meaningful contribution to the economy is a primary
requirement. Otherwise, few tears will be shed over their departure.

12906/13104
cso: 3401/177

54


The official jobless figure
633.000 — but the real fi

has reached a record
could be as high as six

million, according to leading academic researchers.
‘Thousands .

of able-bodied
workers who had previously
banked salary cheques now
make the monthly trip to un-
employ it offices to get
State handouts.
For many the monthly un-
employment cheque is their
only source of income — aid

the prospect of eviction, star-
vation See poverty are ever-
present.

iy Johannesburg’ bag delays
innest long delays
ik receiving Tienefits. have
been reported.
At the Department of Man-
offices in President .
t, I spoke to some of the":
desperate people.

Crowded

Room 5 was already
crowded. Clerks sat at desks
in front of the waiting queues
processing applications. ;

Applicants’ faces reflected
a mixture of frustration, an-
ger and despondency. H

For some, this was their ;
first day of waiting in long
queues for their cards to be {
signed. i

Hl
Others had spent months of
anger and frustration coming |
to the offices without receiv-
ing a single payout.
‘Tempers were short and
angry exchanges ‘were the -
of the day as the unem- :
ployed clashed with official- :
dom and mindless red tape.
‘And always there was the
endless waiting ...

Mislaid
Vicki Barret said:

Mrs
“This is the third time I have
come but have not received a

single cheque. I have to pay
off a bond on my house and
support my seven-year-old

son.

“y spend hours wasting my
time here when I could be
going to interviews. They
told me they would phone me
once a week if there were any
jobs going, but I have not re-
ceived a single call.

“I have no other means of
support. They told me I could
not claim from the UIF as I
am a student. But I only
study part-time.”

Mrs X, a former school
teacher who did not want to
be named, said: “I have been
coming in for eight months

but have not received one”

payout.

“I am a widow and they
have mislaid my husband’s
death certificate. They say I
can’t be paid out until the
certificate is found. They
don't care if T live ad die.

uckily I prey for my
old age. ‘andhave: some means
of support.”

‘ Mrs Samantha Bowen said:
“Ihave not had a cheque for
eight months. My husband is
in the army and I have a two-
year-old daughter. We have
to come out on his small
army pay of R337 a month

before deductions.
“I.come in most days to ti
to get things moving, but
nothing seems to help.
“They lost UIF card
but said it Wwas not their fault
as it did not have an ID num-

ber. I just don’
ber. I just don't know where

Mr Johan Opperman said:
“T was Tetrendhed and have *
been trying to claim for six

Illness Among Blacks Cited as Main Cause

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Sep 86 p 9

[Text] The burden of unemployment is fall
ing on young blacks and blacks in the
homelands, says a memorandum pre-
pared by two Wits academics, and
poverty related illnesses are the re-
sult of people being out of work.

The authors of the memorandum,
compiled for the Transvaal Rural Aid
and Development Programme, are

108

months, °°" =
“My wife is also unem-
ployed and we are finding it a
real battle to make ends
meet. I have since managed
to get a job, but they refuse to
give me back-paid UIF.”
Howeve r, officials at the
unemployment offices say
they are doing all they can nf
speed up applications.
“Some people come in and
say they are going to be
evicted if they don’t pay their
rent and get their money
now,” said one official.

Incomplete

“We try to do everything in

oar ase to get their forms

as soon as le

and put them at the head of
the queue.”

Dr Piet van der Merwe, the
director general of Depart-
ment of Manpower, said
120 000 claims were paid out
every month.

“The average cheque is
paid. out within four to six
weeks, but a small percent-
age of people experience
problems.

He said many problems
stemmed from incomplete
information and incorrect
data received from those
claiming benefits.

“We also get cases of peo-
ple trying to defraud the de-
partment by claiming when
they are not entitled to.

“Anyone who is having

blems should write to the

partment of Manpower
and we will investigate their
complaints,” he said.

“We are working ona more
simplified system of claims

and are s] the ad-
aunistratiee work’? e ad

Professor Jeremy Keenan of the So-
cial Anthropology Department, and
Mr Mike Sarakinsky, Development
Studies, at the University of the Wit-
watersrand,

The authors write: “At present it is
generally estimated that in most of
South Africa’s black townships some
50 percent of school-leavers are un-
able to find any sort of work.”


SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE COMMISSIONER ON INTENDED USE OF NEW CONSTABLES
MB231326 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1304 GMT 23 Sep 86

[Text] Pretoria, 23 Sep (SAPA)--The commissioner of police, Gen P.J. Coetzee,
today described as "sensationalism" reports that the special constables

being trained at Koeberg were to be used against "comrades" in the townships.
In a statement issued by police public relations in Pretoria, Gen Coetzee
emphasised the special constables were intended to assist police in
"combatting crime in general."

He assured the public he would not tolerate irresponsible action by staff
under his control which could damage the proud professional record of the
force. "The special constables will receive further in-service training
after their basic training and operate under supervision," the statement
said. "Media reports implying the constables would, after basic training,
be sent into townships armed with guns and sjamboks [whips] to deal with
certain groups of troublemakers is, to say the least, misleading."

Arming of police was determined by the nature of duties and circumstances
at a given time, General Coetzee said. He added that it had been proven
that police on foot patrol served as a deterrent to would-be criminals and
served as an undeniable link between the police and the public, stimulating
mutual trust and promoting an orderly community. The special constables,
in clearly recognisable uniform and supervised by permanent police, would
serve in this capacity, General Coetzee said.

/9604
cso: 3400/81

72


It is also expected that later this month, a doctor will be assigned to the
district of Massinga with UNICEF support.

In the farm sector, plans call for the establishment within the near future of
a center for experimentation and demonstration of improved farm techniques and
small industries in Basso. Other localities where identical centers will be
established include Licunha, Rio das Pedras, Mangonha and Nhaloi.

At these centers, the peasants will be trained and improved techniques for the
family farm sector will be emphasized and introduced. They will also promote
the development of small industries, particularly the extraction of coconut
oil for use as food and the production of soap, the production of lime and
bricks, and the extraction of coconut fiber.

In Massinga, the minister of health visited the center for support of the
elderly and the district hospital, and he met with the party and state bodies
in the district. During this meeting, Pascoal Mocumbi explained that the
integrated project is designed to supplement the efforts being made locally in
the areas covered.

During his stay in Morrumbene, the health minister visited the district
hospital, which is to undergo remodeling within the framework of the
integrated project for this district being financed by Community Aid Abroad.
That organization has assigned a doctor, a nurse and a social worker to this
hospital establishment.

The minister also visited the offices of the organization in the seat of the
district of Morrumbene, where he heard explanations about the work in progress
within the context of the project. According to information provided by the
organization's technicians, two brigades of well diggers, made up of nine
workers recruited locally, have been organized in the water sector.

Each brigade can dig one well per month. To date, six manual pumps have been
set up in various parts of the district, and the plan for this year calls for
digging 12 wells. Plans for subsequent years call for digging 30 wells. The
arrival of a drilling apparatus which can operate at depths in excess of 20
meters is expected.

In the farm sector, a cadre~training program covering 25 zones in the district
has been launched. Two peasants have been selected in each area. Drainage
work has already been done in the Mahangue valley and the clearing of some
streams has been carried out so that farming can be done in the riparian
areas. Community Aid Abroad has further undertaken to distribute resources
and production factors to the peasants in the family sector.

During his visit to the Cambine Health Center in Morrumbene, the minister of
health learned about the level of health services being provided to the
people. This health unit was reequipped after the visit he paid to the region
in April of last year, since it had previously been the target of the plunder
and destruction by the armed bandits.

24


SOUTH AFRICA

PERCY QOBOZA CRITICIZES SABC'S OPPOSITION TO M-NET TV
Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 21 Sep 86 p 4
[Commentary by Percy Qoboza in Percy's Itch column]

[Text] The SA Broadcasting Corporation's television services have gone
round the bend.

But it's not surprising.

They are doing everything within their power to counter the imminent entry
of the privately owned M-Net television network which hits the little box
on October 1.

The new station promises to be a top entertainment station along the mould
of cable television in the United States. To make the SABC even more
jittery, it has the advantage of having access to material not normally
available to the SABC.

Also understandably, the SABC has suffered tremendously because of its
blatant position as the government's propaganda wing. Disinformation has
been the cornerstone of its philosophy--with the tragic consequence that
it has left a whole country patently ignorant about the true state of
affairs in the nation.

To ensure that ignorance is not tampered with, they have banned news
broadcasts and news commentary from M-Net. As you may recall, Louis Nel
said this was highly desirable to avoid information being reduced to comical
levels. That is not my experience from the aggressive competition one sees
in the various TV networks in the US. Americans are badly ignorant when

it comes to issues of obhér countries and'nations--but when it comes to
issues in their own country they're on the spot. And that is thanks to the
television networks there.

Coming back to the ridiculous levels of the SABC. You may have noticed
that they have invaded your breakfast table by televising Radio Today. I
frankly do not find a rationale behind that move. It's not entertaining
or even funny. It's actually very boring. Make no mistake, I think Radio

90


INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

FRG ENGINEERING FIRMS DIRECT REGIONAL ENERGY PROJECTS

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICKDURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
29 Jul 86 p 2

[Article by W. An., Frankfurt: "Energy Projects in African Countries,
German Engineering Enterprises Participate in the Projects"]

[Text] German engineering firms have continued to participate successfully in
the energy sector in African countries. They receive contracts to provide
expert opinions and to perform studies, for planning work, for construction
supervision, technical consultation, as well as the processing of tendering
documentation. The energy projects are largely financed by international
organizations and individual industrial nations, including also the Federal
Republic of Germany. The German engineering consulting enterprise which
recently has been committed in most African countries is the Decon Deutsche
Energie-Consult Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Bad Homburg v.d. H.

The new activity range of Decon in Africa extends over 11 countries. In the
West African area, Decon received contracts in Mauritania, Guinea, Guinea-
Bissau and Cameroon. The Mauritanian contract involved operation of the Boghe
diesel power plant and short-term consultation in connection with this power
plant. In Guinea, Decon monitored the construction involved with the renewal
of the electrical power supply. In Guinea-Bissau, it was commissioned with
producing an expert opinion concerning the accident in the Bissau diesel power
plant. As a consortial partner, Decon was involved in Cameroon in working out
a study concerning the construction of the Kaddey hydropower plant.

In East Africa, Decon booked new contracts in Somalia, Kenya, the Sudan,
Mauritius, and Mozambique. In Somalia, this was a subcontract to provide an
expert opinion concerning diesel generators. In Kenya, Decon was commissioned
with working out an expert opinion concerning a wind power program. In the
Sudan, Decon ‘undertook consultation tasks involving the electrification of the
Karima~Merowe region and the operation of the Karima diesel power plant. ' In
the island state of Mauritius, it obtained a contract, as in Kenya, to furnish
an expert opinion concerning a wind power program. In Mozambique, it was used
in a project involving 19 mobile diesel units.

In southern Africay: Decon was active in Botswana as member of a consortium in
the production of a master plan for energy supply. In Zimbabwe, it is providing



SOUTH AFRICA

NATIONAL PARTY FARM POLICY CONDEMNED
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 30 Jul 86 p 10

[Column: "Piet Petoors Talks Farming--"Agricultural Policy Impoverishes
Farmer and Consumer" ]

[Text] In the long run, the consumer cannot afford bankrupt food prices. As
jong as South Africa's agricultural policy ignores this simple truth, it will
hobble from a disappointing white paper to a worthless reconstruction plan and
still get nowhere.

For decades the government has followed a policy of making the country's
inefficient, labor-intensive industries competitive by keeping food prices
low. The still-growing black unemployment and falling industrial productivity
show that this policy has failed. It is time that the government came up with
another plan to make South African industry a success. The decline of
agriculture has always been far too high a price to pay for the growth of
industry, but now even this impossible sacrifice has become totally senseless.

Economic ignoramuses have told us for years that agricultural prices must be
"market-based." Corn, milk, and other commodity prices cannot as a rule be
determined by cost--no, they must be fixed by what the market is ready to pay.

Unless it is qualified, this is a superficial wisdom that takes no acocunt of
the structure of the market.

"Market forces" are such that agriculture is simply obliged to accept the
price offered on both the input and the output sides. Its suppliers and its
customers determine its costs and prices. Without the protection of the
Marketing Act, agriculture is in no position to compete on an equal footing in
the free market with the purchasers of its product--all the more so when there
is a Marketing Act in force, but is is used by the minister of agriculture as
a weapon against the farmer instead of as a means of protecting him against
the unequal forces of the market.

On the input side, the farmer has no say in the price of his cost factors
either. Where is the free market that determines the price of diesel fuel,
tractors, the raw materials of artificial fertilizer, or sprays? The state
determines the price of diesel fuel largely on the basis of tax

73



against South Africa; this is demonstrable in. the apartheidt
system's reaction to my country and even to Zimbabwe, ‘particularly
now that the Commonwealth nations have agreed that sanctions must
be imposed against the apartheidt regime. We deeply appreciate
all this help and this moral support from these countries whose
leaders have decided to go forward, come what may.

[Question] Can one say the same of the French-speaking African
countries?

[Answer.] Much as it goes against the grain, we must first consider
the result of joint efforts, by which I mean those of the OAU
member nations that have mounted sustained efforts for adoption
of resolutions at summit meetings. I am talking about those una-
nimously adopted to signify approval of action against apartheidt.

On the other hand, we get the impression that some countries that
voted against the resolutions,. arguing that the only way to deal
with the situation is to sit down arid engage in dialogue took
that position to please Great Britain, to go along with the theory
of "constructive engagement" and others of that ilk...

Very fortunately for us, there are not many such countries.

[Question] But didn't the ANC meet with an American ambassador
some time ago?

{Answer ] Of course! It had to be done! We had to grasp at this
chance to explain, in detail, our people's position, to make it
clear to the American ambassador what our struggle was all about.
That was the first time such contact had ever occurred between us
and the United States, at any such lofty official level.

Our people, living in South Africa, had no alternative but to em-
brace the strategy of armed struggle and violence to put an end
to the despicable apartheidt system.

Our people's struggle, led by the ANC, has yielded much fruit:

at the purely domestic level, the central point in our struggle
was to mobilize our people to take action. That is why you are

reading about strikes by workers who are demanding better wages
and better working conditions.

They had also taken action -whose goal was freedom for all those
who had been arrested and detained.

All this must be understood, because repression in South Africa

has got the upper hand over all peaceable patterns for solving
this problem that is apartheidt.

179



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

FOREIGN AID EXPANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN TELECOMMUNICATION NETS

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
30 Jul 86 p 2

[Article by W. An., Frankfurt: "More Telephones for Africa, Telecommunications
Are Being Strongly Expanded in Central Africa With Foreign Financial Aid"]

[Text] As in the West African area, so also in equatorial Africa, efforts have
recently been made to develop telecommunications. Significant investments in
the telecommunications area are anticipated in the development programs and
plans of the individual countries. Generally these are financed by means of
individual organizations and individual industrial nations.

In Cameroon, the British firm Balfour Beatty Power Construction was commissioned
to set up complete radio link systems and television facilities. The 260-km-
long radio link systems in the southwest of the country will link the towns

of Manfe and Bamenda as well as Douala, Buea, and Nguti through channels with
1260 telephone connections. The value of the contract for Balfour Beatty

Power Construction is 7.4 million pounds sterling. The communications systems
group of the British firm Ferranti Industrial Electronics booked a subcontract
of 2.5 million pounds sterling, within the framework of this project, to
deliver equipment for the directional radio links, which are to be completed
this year.

In the spring of 1986, it was reported in Cameroon, that a special budget was
to make provision, among other things, for investments in the area of tele-
communications. In Bamenda, Mamfe, Nkongsamba, and Bafoussam, new telephone
centrals are to be constructed, and those already existing in Eseka, Edea,
Mbalmayo, Ngaundere and Garoua are to be expanded.

In February, 1986, the Federal Republic of Germany granted Cameroon a loan of
DM 12.9 million, which is to be used for the radio equipment of the trans-
Cameroon railway. The Credit Institute for Reconstruction (KfW), Frankfurt,
further participated in the financing of the project with a financing credit

of DMI7.1 million. The total project will cost DM 30.3 million. The project
of the Regie Nationale des Chemins de Fer du Cameroon (Regifercam), Douala,
comprises the equipment of the trans-Cameroon railway Douala-Jaunde-Ngaundere,
with train radio and the component section Jaunde-Ngaundere furthermore with

a VHF directional radio link, as well as telephone and telegraph installations.
The project is to be begun by the middle of 1987 and is to be concluded by 1989.



Mrs Kopel said the office block was one of many buidlings-~-most of them old
and poorly equipped--in her constituency that were being used for residential
purposes by the destitute.

"Tt is a shocking state of affairs--and we have only uncovered the tip of the
iceberg," she said,

Concern

Research has shown that by the turn of the century the greater Johannesburg
area, including Soweto, will have a population of 10-million people.

"If we don't plan for the future we will have another Mexico City on our
hands," warned Ms Kopel.

She called for big business and the public to become more involved.

"Tt is of concern to everyone. We need professional expertise and creative
solutions to help solve the problem," she said,

Mrs Kopel said it was better that the destitute slept in office blocks than in
the street.

Apparently, the office blocks in question are being used by their owners only
for storage purposes,

"

“Where else can they go?," she asked,

"There are 500,000 unemployed people in the greater Johannesburg area looking
for work,

Critical

“We need emergency doss houses to cope with growing urbanisation and unemploy.
ment.

"The Government and local authorities must work. hand-in-hand to deal with the
growing problem. It is not going to help solve the problem bu building town-
ships like Norweto."”

Mrs Kopel said Health Department officials were researching the problem, but
the time factor was critical.

Long Lines at Unemployment Offices
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Metro) in English 21 Sep 86 p 6

{Article by Ivor Crews]

UNEMPLOYMENT is costing the country R1-
million a day in insurance benefits as dole
queues lengthen.

[Text]

107



ASSISTANCE WITH ILLEGAL LABOR-—The South African minister of home affairs,
Mr Stoffel Botha, has made an urgent appeal to organized commerce and
industry to help his department solve the problem of illegal labor in

South Africa. Mr Botha told the Natal Chamber of Industries in Durban

that there were about 1.3 million foreigners working illegally in South
African commerce, industry, and agriculture. Mr Botha said the government
wanted to train at least .25 million jobless by March next year for jobs
that were in demand. He said that programs to help the unemployed, and
for which the government had set aside almost $400 million over the past

2 years, would continue for 5 more years. He said that by the end of
March this year, more than 300,000 unemployed had been placed in employment
through the program. [Text] [Johannesburg International Service in English
0630 GMT 26 Sep 86] /9604

SAP DENIES DEATH SQUAD ACTS--A death squad with alleged South African
connections is feared to be operating in Lesotho and has killed at least
three African National Congress (ANC) members and kidnapped one. According
to Lesotho citizens who were too afraid to be named, the hit squad operates
quite openly in co-operation with the Lesotho police. They claimed the
Lesotho police had declined to act on the grounds that it could not protect
ANC sympathisers. Allegations that the death squad members included South
African Police has been denied in a statement by the SAP public relations
division. The commissioner of the Lesotho police could not be contacted
for comment but a senior Lesotho policeman also denied such involvement.
The people allegedly killed by the hit squad during a three-day period in
July were a former. Soweto student, Joseph Mothopeng, a Lesotho medical
technologist, Mpho Makete and an unidentified woman ANC sympathiser.

During the same period Simon Makheta, caretaker ANC representative in
Lesotho, was kidnapped by the squad. After he was bundled into a car,

two shots were fired. Makheta has not been seen or heard from since.
Father Michael Worsnip, General Secretary of the Christian Council of
Lesotho satd: "I can confirm that the Christian Council has heard consistent
allegations of an anti-ANC vigilante squad operating in Lesotho. We don't
know who they are or what they are doing." [Text] [Johannesburg THE
SUNDAY STAR in English 14 Sep 86 p 2] /9317

MINISTER: AVOID MIXING SCHOOL, POLITICS--Political beliefs and ideologies should
not find they way into South Africa's classrooms, the Transfaalse Onderwysveree-
niging (T0),heard in Pretoria yesterday. "School teachers must avoid furthering
their own political standpoints in their classrooms," said the Minister of
National Education Mr F.W. de Klerk. Speaking at the TO's 80th annual general
meeting, Mr de Klerk said children should not--through education-~become
playthings in the world of adult politics. "If parents’ political differ-
ences find their way into the playgrounds and classrooms, teachers are fail-
ing in their duties," he said. He said the professional status of the

teacher carried with it an enormous amount of responsibility. ‘People look
towards us for positive leadership and our first duty is to serve the child

by sound, unbiased education," he said. Mr de Klerk called on Afrikaans
teachers to support and assist their colleagues of other race groups.

[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Sep 86 p 3] /9317

cso: 3401/171

a7



Mrs GE Ramsey, Linden: “I’m against amal-
gamating programmes. The news commenta-
tors are usually Afrikaans and if there’s an Eng-
lish heading it’s spelt incorrrectly.”

Mrs Olga Brennan, Helderkruin: “Less than
10 percent of this country’s population is Afri-
kaans yet it is this language that is rammed
down our throats of the remaining 27 million at
every turn. This was the cause of the Soweto
riots and this country is being sacrificed for a
language.” . “Ot

Mr P J Church, Rivonia: It’s bad enough lis-
tening to the Afrikaans they’re trying to bring
into the programmes at the moment.”

Mr E and Mrs M Derritt, Sandton: “We are
against bilingualism, we don’t speak Afrikaans.”

Mrs J Wilson, Hill Extention: “It’s a disgrace
to have all this bilingualism — we have enough
on the radio.” .

Mr Arthur Jackson, Rosettenville: “If they go
for a mixed programme then the SABC — the
mouthpiece of the Government’ — is forcing
People to speak a language they don’t want to
speak.” . .

Mr. AD Nel, Blairgowrie, Randburg: “The’
Afrikaans programmes are mainly dubbed; I
can’t make them out. My hearing is not very
good so I like to know that I can watch at a set
time and not just little bits and pieces.”

Mrs B P Smith, Rosettenville: “This is the thin
edge of the wedge. This is what SABC does —
just now they'll be pushing English right off the
station.”

Mrs Cathy Bottom, Johannesburg: “If the
SABC brings in this move I will be sending back
my television — it’s on hire purchase.”

_Mr Michael Andrew, Johannesburg: “Afri-
kaans is not spoken anywhere else in the world.
We should not be force-fed.Afrikaans through
the medium of television.” :

Mr HJ Anderson, Kempton Park: “I fear that
with the current trend as it is, before long we'll
have 60percent Afrikaans, 40.percent English
and so-on — already the English language is
being drowned.”

Mr DR Flint, Blairgowrie: “We don’t watch
the bilingual. magazine programme — they are
frittering away English rights.

Mr George McPherson, Mondeor: “SABC's
programmes are bad enough, why spoil it fur-
ther? There is not going to be much point in
keeping a television set anymore.”

Mrs M Knoetze, Kempton Park: “I do watch
Afrikaans programmes, but they are forcing
people to watch whether they like it or not.”

Mr A Seedat, Springs: “There’s too much Afri-
kaans on television. All the American movies
such as “Miami Vice” should be kept in English
because on the simulcast they sound terrible.”

/9317
cso: 3400/79

103



SOUTH AFRICA

DROP IN NECKLACE KILLINGS SEEN AS PROTEST INCREASES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 Sep 86 p 9

[Article by Michael Tissong]
[Text]

‘The “necklace” method of killing has slowed
down since opposition began building up against
its use in organisations representing the black
community.

Mention of the “necklace” — a tyre placed,
round the victim and usually set ablaze with:
petro! — has been Jess frequent in the Bureau for
Information’s recent unrest bulletins.

Killings or attempted killings with the “neck-
lace” have been a feature in the bureau’s re-

ports.

Public execution by burning began on a wide
scale in the Northern Transvaal in 1984 when
people suspected of being “witches and wizards”
were condemned for bringing hardship to their
communities.

It assumed political proportions in the Eastern
Cape early last year when it was used in a con-
certed drive to force councillors and policemen
to quit Government-created structures.

- The “necklace” lost its image as the method of
killing Government-associated people this year
when it was used by political rivals against one
another.

It was announced in Parliament last month
that more than 300 people had been killed by the
“necklace”.

Criticism of the “necklace” has come from
some spokesmen of the African National Con-
gress (ANC) — but support for it from others.

The Azanian People’s Organisation (Azapo)
and the United Democratic Front-affiliated
Soweto Youth Congress (Soyco) have also criti-
_cised the “necklace”.

/9317
CSO: 3400/78

In July last year Archbishop Desmond Tutu,
then Anglican Bishop of Johannesburg, threa-
tened to leave the country if “necklace” killings
continued.

ANC leader Mr Oliver Tambo criticised the
use of the “necklace” by radicals when he ad-
dressed a Press conference at the Non-Aligned
Movement meeting in Zimbabwe two weeks ago.

Mr Tambo’s statement contrasted with a re-
port in the London Sunday Times this week
that the ANC was openly backing the execution
by “necklace” of blacks who collaborated with
the Government and its leaders.

Azapo publicity secretary Mr Muntu Myeza
said in June at the funeral of Azapo member Mr
Martin Mohau, who had been kidnapped and
burnt to death, that the organisation had never
used the “necklace” and would never condone its
use.

Azapo president Mr Saths Cooper said at a
Steve Biko memorial service last week that the
“necklace” was a crime against black people and
it must be stopped.

He added that there were many people doing
things in the name of the struggle which were in
fact a disservice. “We believe the leadership of
the various political persuasions should come to-
gether and condemn those things that set back
our struggle. If you cannot have discipline ...
you cannot have freedom because you will not be
able to run this country.”

Archbishop Tutu has said: “Our cause is just
and noble — that is why it will prevail and bring
victory to us. You cannot use methods to attain
the goal of liberation that our enemy will use
against us.”

88


To a large extent it has been fed by sly, usually selective propaganda, but also by ignorance and by
inertia--the inertia common to all human beings when it comes to taking a bit of trouble to find out the truth
and which causes them rather to be let themselves be led by “opinion makers."

Unfortunately, at times it has also been fed by what has been said and done in South Africa in the name of
apartheid, things that could easily be exploited and that have brought the whole idea of apartheid into
discredit, however well many people may have intended it. Much of that is due to precisely those people,
or to kindred spirits of those people, who now oppose all efforts at reform.

No Acknowledgement

Even heads of state and government who know better find it difficult to keep their footing in the flood of
blind emotion. After all, they have to take their next election into account.

And South Africa's enemies do everything in their power to keep that flood as strong as possible. Every
time that South Africa moves a step further away from what the State President has described as the
obsolete concept of apartheid, they redouble their efforts to keep the public's feelings on the boil.

Over and over we hear demands that "apartheid" be eliminated without it being made explicit what is
meant by that and without the slightest acknowledgement of the significant reforms that have already been
carried out in this country.

Sooner or Later

But it cannot go on like this forever. Because "the truth will out." Sooner or later, one hopes, it will get
through to people what a great change has occurred in South Africa and is still taking place.

South Africa's bitterest enemies fear that day. That is why they try to dismiss everything that is done in
South Africa as insignificant. If they could, they would also do everything in their power to try to prevent
the government from going ahead with its reform.

This is in any case being done for them in South Africa by the Conservative Party and other parties and
groups. Is it not strange how the interests of even diametrically opposed groups can sometimes coincide?

12593
CSO: 3401/171

56


ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

PETROL RATIONING DENIED--Harare--Zimbabwean Government officials have denied
rumours that petrol is to be rationed, A Trade and Commerce Ministry spokes~
man said no directives on fuel rationing had been received. Queues formed at
some service stations yesterday as motorists filled their tanks, It has been
widely rumoured that rationing coupons are being printed as a contingency plan
to cope with any fuel shortage. The chief executive of the Zimbabwe Promotion
Council, Dr Norman Reynolds, said last week that, if South Africa retaliated
against sanctions and Zimbabwe's economy became a siege economy, it would be
necessary to save foreign currency and one way to do this would be to ration
fuel, He said the government had a duty to prepare for eventualities of this
kind and, if ration coupons were an aspect of such preparations, it could only
be reassuring, [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Sep 86 p 11]
19274

PLO BUYS HARARE PROPERTY--The Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) has
bought two properties for a total of $77,500 in Avondale, Harare, According
to the sale, listed in the latest property transfers list, the PLO bought
Share 1 of Ceres Road, Avondale, from Ceres Road Investments (Pvt) Ltd for
$40,000, and Share 7 of Ceres Road from Ceres Road Investments, for $37,500,
A PLO spokesman yesterday said the organization's headquarters would not be
moving from its present premises at No 1 Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, but he
would not say what the new premises would be used for. [Text] [Harare THE
FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 12 Sep 86 p 2] /9274

csO: 3400/101

52


Egypt's deputy foreign minister, Butrus Ghali, was also in Djibouti in
December 1984.

President Couled received a message from President Mubarak last Sunday
concerning “the situation in the Arab world and the development of the
Palestinian question,” sources said here.

/12913
cso: 3400/106

14


NIGER

ENVOY DISCUSSES ITALIAN POLICY TOWARD AFRICA
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 22 Jul 86 p 3

{Interview with Italian Minister Plenipotentiary Mario Scialoja by reporter
Soule Manzo; date and place not specified; first two paragraphs are introduc-
tion]

[Text] "Italian aid to Niger's development will be intensified" states His
Excellency Mr Mario Scialoja, the minister plenipotentiary and Cooperative
Development coordinator for Africa.

His Excellency Mr Mario Scialoja, the Italian minister plenipotentiary and
Cooperative Development coordinator for Africa, left Niamey on Sunday after a
one-week stay in Niger. Before leaving, Mr Mario Scialoja talked to a SAHEL
reporter about the bases of Italian policy toward Niger, the projects financed
by his country (Keita, Damergou) and also about the prospects of Italo-Niger-
ien relations.

[Question] Mr Minister, you are coming back from a visit to the site of the
Keita integrated Project: what impressions are you bringing back?

[Answer] I took advantage of my stay in Niger to visit the Keita Project car-
ried out by the FAO; I brought back from it a very positive impression; I was

impressed by the people's participation in the project, which I visited for a

full day: I went to the various sites where attempts are made to control rain
water, to reclaim arid lands,....

I observed that Nigerien authorities hold the project in high esteem; it was
started up recently but it may not have reached its cruising speed yet. Ob-
viously, we must wait for the project to progress a little further before say-
ing whether it will be successful--as we hope--or not; but I believe we are
on the right track. The problem of land reclamation is common to all the
Sahel countries and I believe that our financial aid should be channeled in
that direction.

We have great hopes of making Keita a model project that may possibly be ex-
tended to other areas of the country.

[Question] Regarding the Damergou Project, what should we expect from it,

since we know that the FAI [Italian Assistance Fund] mandate expires in 1987,
I believe?

43



SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

PORTUGUESE INVESTMENT PROJECTS DESCRIBED
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Sep 86 p 17

[Text] Construction of a plastics factory in Sao Tome, with three Portuguese
stockholders participating, will begin this year. The investment planned
comes to about 89,000 contos, and the estimated production capacity is 1
million plastic items.

The factory is to be located in the Bobo-Forro industrial zone, covering an

area of 100 square meters. It will produce plastic buckets, basins and
footwear for sale on the archipelago's domestic market.

A hotel with 175 rooms is also to be built in Sao Tome. A delegation
representing the Sheraton Hotel group, which wants to study the project and
which will make contact with agencies in Sao Tome, is currently visiting that
country.

The aew hotel is to be built in a tourist zone, Praia da Juventude, about 10

kilometers to the north of the capital city. The investment planned comes to
about 879,000 contos.

According to the technical proposal submitted, the new hotel unit will have
gamerooms of the casino type, film~projection halls, suites and various
conference rooms. During earlier talks, the Sheraton group submitted a
financial proposal on the undertaking to the government of Sao Tome, which has
already agreed in principle to the launching of the construction.

The investment projects for that African country which are expected to get
under way this year also include the establishment of an alcohol and hard-
liquor factory which will have the support of the Ceatral Bank of Argentina

That body has decided to grant a loan of about 430,000 contos to Sao Tome at a
special interest rate of 5 percent. The state will participate directly in
the alcohol-factory project along with private stockholders in Sao Tome.

5157
€S0:3442/311

47



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

PROMOTION OF COLORED FARMERS--There will be advantages of more than one kind
if more opportunities are provided for coloreds in agriculture as planned by
the Council of Ministers of the Council of Representatives with the purchase
of farms. The guidelines laid down by the Council for the additional agri-
cultural land also give evidence of far-sighted planning to achieve certain
goals. The Council places a great premium on the agricultural usefulness of
land and one of its goals is to purchase farms with economic potential that
border existing rural areas. Furthermore, it is intended to purchase land
that can be developed to support more than one farmer, particularly for
irrigation projects. These plans will of course create more employment for
coloreds. Not only will this give them a larger share in the country's
agricultural production, but it can also help combat the depopulation of the
countryside. Moreover, the settlement of more colored farmers can prevent
good agricultural land in remote areas from lying unused. Thousands of
coloreds are involved in agriculture but only a small number are in a posi-
tion to farm independently. Many others who yearn to work a little land of
their own but perhaps cannot afford it or for other reasons cannot acquire
land, can still get that chance in the future through the Council of Repre~-
sentatives' agricultural policy. Just as many white farmers have. already
been enabled to stay on their farms or to acquire land through government aid,
so too do coloreds need aid. This in fact forms part of the improvement of
the rural colored communities, which otherwise would join the flood toward the
overcrowded cities. [Editorial Report] [Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans

9 Jul 86 p12] 12593/6091

RIFT AMONG BROEDERBOND--A serious rift is growing in the ranks of the
Afrikaner Broederbond over the circulation of a secret document among
members suggesting the possibility of ANC participation in the drawing up
of a new constitution. "We are entering a serious crisis," a senior
Broederbond member said yesterday. He said several members had objected

to the document which also propagates immediate "grey areas," a black
majority in Parliament and a socialist system for blacks parallel to a free
market system for whites. The document proposes that radio and television
be used to condition whites to accept racially integrated residential areas.
"What is happening now is a total contradiction of what the Broederbond has
always stood for," a right-wing source in the movement said. "If this is
the course on which they are going to continue, the organisation might as
well be disbanded." Professor Pieter de Lange, chairman of the Broederbond,
was not available for comment. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English
17 Sep 86 p 18] /9317

76


Angola has a fully legitimate government. Some refugees wanted to come to the
UNITA liberated areas, but the Zambian authorities have prevented them from
doing so. This has forced some, like the interviewed refugee, to leave Zambia
illegally for the UNITA liberated areas. Others who failed in their attempts,
due to tight security, either remain or accept MPLA bribes and finally go to
Luanda out of frustration. Nobody leaves the camp voluntarily. The same
source concluded his statement saying that many repatriated youths are
recruited into the MPLA forces, while some others are sent to Cuba and the
USSR. [Text] [(Clandestine) KUP in French to Southern and Central Africa
0610 GMT 1 Oct 86 MB] /12913

cso: 3400/85



ZIMBABWE

PRIVATE AIRCRAFT USE OF UNMANNED AIRFIELDS RESTRICTED
Harare THE HERALD in English 19 Sep 86 p 1

[Text] The flying in and out of unmanned airfields by private aircraft has
been severely restricted with effect from Wednesday and written police author-
ity will now have to be obtained 24 hours in advance of operating.

Private aircraft intending to operate in and out of unmanned airfields are now
required to first obtain written permission of the protecting authority--the
provincial police commander,

The Herald learnt yesterday that the Director of Civil Aviation had issued a
notice to airmen (Notam) warning all aircraft operators and pilots that a
24-hour notice before an intended flight in and out was now required.

The Notam said: "With effect from September 17 no person shall fly or cause
or permit to be flown in any private airstrip in Zimbabwe any foreign or
Zimbabwe registered aircraft between the hours of 04.Q00UTC and 17.00UTC (6
am to 7 pm) on any day in violation of the orders made by the protecting au-
thority (police)."

Submissions must be made to the nearest police station which will issue a
written permit.

Night flying of private aircraft has already been restricted under an earlier
ministerial order,

Zimbabwe has one of the largest fleets of privately-owned aircraft, most of
which are owned by businessmen and farmers, There are scores of unmanned air-
fields mostly belonging to individuals and the DCA, all of which will be af-
fected by the new restrictions.

Reasons for these new stringent regulations have not been made public, but it
is reliably understood that they had to do with security.

Meanwhile, the DCA has declared the over over the Mazowe earth satellite sta~
tion a restricted area (RA). This means that aircraft are not permitted to
fly within a radius of five nautical miles of the station,

Consequences for contravening the regulations can be serious.

19274
cso: 3400/101

si



BLACKS

Treurnicht Wants White Fatherland for All
(SAPA, 28 Sep 86) ..ccececcsccccncercecesccscccsececescece

Boshoff Discusses Plans for Future Afrikaner State
(DIE AFRIKANER, 30 Jul 86) ...cceccevccccccccccsccceeceves

Sabra Outlines Exclusive Homeland Plan for Afrikaners
(THE STAR, 15 Sep 86) ..ccccsccccccrccccvcccscscccccsecsene

Exclusive Homeland Plan, by Kym Hamilton
Pretoria 'Capital' of Afrikaner State
HNP Leader Urges Verwoerd Policies
All-White Blueprint, by Kym Hamilton

NP Said Using SABC as Propaganda Conduit
(SAPA, 28 Sep 86) ..... errrrrrrr rrr ST Terre rr TT Seer ree TT

Conservative MP Promises Indian, Colored Homelands
(SAPA, 27 Sep 86) ..........- eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee

Motsuenyane Attends NAFCOC Conference
(DIE BURGER, 9, 10 Jul 86) ...ccceccceccrcccccceccecseeees

Interview With DIE BURGER
Economy, Politics Seen Intertwined, Editorial

Government Denies Policy of Rent Evictions
(SAPA, 23 Sep 86) secsecccccccccccccccencccerccreseerecees

Police Commissioner on Intended Use of New Constables
(SAPA, 23 Sep 86) ..cccesevcccccccccccccecceecseons seeeeee

National Party Farm Policy Condemned
(DIE AFRIKANER, 30 Jul 86) ..

Briefs
Promotion of Colored Farmers
Rift Among Broederbong
Assistance With Illegal Labor
SAP Denies Death Squad Acts
Minister: Avoid Missing School, Politics

ANC Secretary Calls for Non-Racist Democratic Society
(Alfred N'Zo Interview; LE SAHEL DOMANCHE, 24 Aug 86) ....

Buthelezi Speaks on Hopes, Fears for Future
(Mangosuthu Buthelezi Interview; THE SUNDAY STAR,
14 Sep 86) ..... beeeeee .

Lawyers Discuss Forming Giant National Organization
(THE NEW NATION, 11-24 Sep 86) .......050-

-d-

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61
63
63
63

64
64

65

67

68

68

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78

83

87


SOUTH AFRICA

MOTSUENYANE ATTENDS NAFCOC CONFERENCE

Interview With DIE BURGER
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 Jul 86 p 11
[Article: "National Council--NAFCOC Makes Participation Conditional on Demands Being Met"]

[Text] Members of NAFCOC [National African Federation of Chambers of Commerce], the black chamber
of commerce, will be prepared to serve in the government's planned National Council only if blacks have
already received representation in the government, according to Dr. Sam Motsuenyane, chairman of
NAFCOC.

Dr. Motsuenyane, who is attending the 22nd annual conference of NAFCOC in Cape Town, spoke
yesterday in a conversation with DIE BURGER about various aspects of his organization's goals and views
of certain political problems and their possible solution.

He pointed out that NAFCOC views the institution of the National Council as a waste of time.

“If the government is prepared to let blacks participate in the country's present political system, why does it
not do so? Surely it is senseless for our people to have to serve on committees, councils, and so on and
So forth in order to present proposals to a government about how to govern the country while we are not
represented in that government.”

Dr. Motsuenyane said that NAFCOC will reconsider its position on participation in the National Council
when the government has laid down clear guidelines about the direction it intends to move in and the role
the National Council will play. Until then, no credible black leaders will appear to talk with the government.

On the subject of disinvestment in South Africa, Dr. Motsuenyane said that NAFCOC is still in favor of
conditional investments in this country, investments that benefit blacks.

Policy

“Increasing pressure from certain groups within the organization, however, have now caused us to
reconsider that position. A decision on NAFCOC’s future policy on disinvestment will be made at a
conference later this year," he said.

“However, people have to realize that there are various interest groups within NAFCOC and that the
organization's policy is determined by how the most members feel about a given question. | feel, however,
that if a disinvestment campaign is a way to bring about political change in South Africa, then it must be
considered.”

Dr. Motsuenyane said that the disturbances currently troubling the country particularly hurt businessmen
in black residential areas.

68


MOZAMBIQUE

HEALTH MINISTER PRAISES UNICEF PROJECTS IN INHAMBANE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Aug 86 p 8

[Text] Our country's minister of health, Pascoal Mocumbi, has expressed his
satisfaction with the results of the health projects under way in the province
of Inhambane. The head of the health ministry has been following the initial
phase of the projects in this province financed by the United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF) and Community Aid Abroad, located in the districts of
Massinga and Morrumbene, respectively. Last Saturday, Pascoal Mocumbi
completed a 5-day visit to this province in the southern part of the country.

The health minister further said that the purpose of this visit was to verify
the level of achievement in the programs in the sector for this year and
adherence to the guidelines he established during his last trip to Inhambane
in April of last year.

Pascoal Mocumbi visited the districts of Massinga, Morrumbene and Vilanculo,
and the city of Maxixe.

In Massinga, the minister of health studied the initial phase in the
implementation of the integrated project for this district, the components of
which are health, agriculture and education, This undertaking, financed by
the UNICEF in the amount of more than $1 million,. is designed to improve
health care and self-sufficiency in food.

Within the context of this project, the construction of an infirmary at the
Nhaloi Health Center is to be completed. Construction was halted 3 years ago

because of shortages of materials and the activities of the armed bandits.
The infirmary will have a 40-bed capacity.

When he visited that health unit, Minister Pascoal Mocumbi learned that the
materials needed to complete the infirmary were already in Inhambane, awaiting
suitable transport to the project site.

These materials include cement, fibrocement panels, paints and glass. The

manpower will be recruited locally, and it is expected that by next December,
the construction work will be finished.

23



values and morals. Under the NP, the Sabbath had been reduced to the
position of just another ordinary day but a CP government would restore
its sanctity as a day of honour, he said.

While the methods presently used by the SABC to disseminate NP propaganda
were blatant enough, Mr Langley warned that "when the election comes,"
they would increase. Already the Bureau for Information "manipulated the
news" but. this too would increase for the election, he predicted.

/9604
cso: 3400/81

66


Difference

Mr Marais pointed to a statement by the AWB at a recent press conference to
the effect that it wtll resist a takeover of power in South Africa by the ANC,
and that votes in elections are irrelevant. If the AWB allows it actions to
be determined by this, there is no conflict between the HNP and the AWB,
because then the AWB is not playing the part of a political party with a
policy that clashes with those of other parties, the HNP leader declared.

Earlier in his speech, Mr Marais said that in the present state of crisis
people want to see a consolidation of opposition to the government and want to
know what is standing in the way of that. The mere fact that more than one
rightist political organization came into being after the HNP was founded in
1969 shows that there are differences. One important difference in political
policy is the propaganda for a Boer people's state based on the historical
territory of the Transvaal, the Orange Free State, and the New Republic in
northern Natal, to the exclusion of the Cape and the rest of Natal. According
to this policy, the entire Cape must become a Colored republic and Natal a
Zulu republic.

This policy is being put forward in opposition to the HNP policy of a white
South Africa, which somes down to the existing RSA minus the historic black
homelands and a territory for the Colored people.

To implement any policy of this kind, either an election will have to be won
or a coup d'etat will have to be carried out, Mr Marais said. If the Cape and
Natal are excluded from a future white state, the voters of those provinces
will rebel against parties that put forward such a policy. Friends and blood
relatives of voters in Natal and the Cape will also rebel and oppose such a
policy. This will close the way to an election victory.

“The HNP is not prepared to write off the Afrikaners in the Cape. In the
1890's, the people of the Cape made a very great contribution to the
establishment of Afrikaans through the GRA [Society of True Afrikaners], and
they were wholeheartedly on the Transvaal side in opposition to the British
occupation of 1877. Later, thousands of men from the Cape fought on the side
of the Boer republics in the English War. And after the 1914 rebellion it was
the people of the Cape who collected money through the Mutual Aid Fund to pay
the fines of the rebels. The Afrikaners of the Cape, Transvaal, the Orange
Free State, and Natal were welded together into a people by the English War in
particular. To draw a line between the people of the Transvaal and Orange
Free State on the one hand, and the people of the Cape and Natal on the other
based on state frontiers is unethical vis-a-vis the people of the Cape and
Natal. Moreover, it is impractical politics that delays the overthrow of the
government and broadens and deepens the divisions among Afrikaners."

The HNP finds no fault with the sentiment for a Boer people's state, but it
cannot be an alternative to the policy followed by the HNP, Mr Marais
declared.

12906/13104
cso: 3401/177

59



DJIBOUTI

POSSIBLE CANDIDATES FOR PRESIDENCY VIEWED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 17 Sep 86 pp 3, 4

{Text]

Presidential elections in Djibouti do not take place
until the middle of next year, but the contest to
succeed President Hassan Gouled Aptidon is already
becoming violent. One potential candidate has been
given a life sentence in absentia, and allegations of
attempted murder and financial mismanagement are
flying around.

The fragile unity between the 100,000-strong Issa
community and the 60,000 or so Afars is coming
under strain'. More dangerous, traditional disagree-
ments between the two main Issa clans, the Abgal
and the Dalol, are begining to surface.? There are
also signs that members of the main pre-indepen-
dence liberation front, the Front de libération de la
Cote des Somalis (FLCS) are hoping that the next
election will provide them with the chance for power
that they failed to get in 1977 at independence. All
this, against a background of economic hardship, is
giving considerable cause for concern to France
which still retains its 4,000-man garrison and a naval
base in Djibouti. Djibouti’s position at the base of
the Red Sea is an ideal place to keep a western flag
flying between Ethiopia and South Yemen, both
allied to the Soviet Union.

In fact, it is far from clear that Hassan Gouled
will step down. The constitution says that the presi-
dent can stand for two terms of office only. But the
president was elected as the sole candidate of his
ruling and single party, Le Rassemblement populaire
pour le progrés (RPP), only in 1981. Prior to that,
Hassan Gouled was appointed - not elected - as
president at independence in 1977. Consequently he
is legally eligible to stand again. Officially he is 71,
though we believe his real age to be 76. He has had
eye problems but is otherwise in good health, though
there have been unconfirmed reports of minor heart
difficulties. It is widely believed that he intends to

16

stand as the RPP’s sole candidate in the 1987 elec-
tions and then resign within a few months having
organised the succession that he wants.

There would be several potential candidates for
the politburo of the RPP to look at, all of whom
have already been trying to establish their credenti-
als. All are Issa. The convention is that while the
president is to be an Issa, the Afars will have the
premiership. This has been largely a figurehead post
since independence, and the Afars are likely to back
whoever is prepared to make it more. The main
presidential possibilities are six:

@ Ismail Omar Guelleh, chef de cabinet du président. He is a
Mamassen and the president’s nephew, and believed to be the
president's own choice. He was rather surprisingly pushed
into the politbuso in 1982. He has control of security. He is
unpopular and is regarded as responsible for the crackdown
against Afars in 1978-80 when there were a number of terrorist
incidents. He is a close friend of the commander of the 1,200-
strong Force nationale de sécurité, Lieutenant-Colonel Yacin
Yabe, both men originating in Ethiopia.

@ Ismail Guedi Harad, directeur de cabinet du president. An
‘Abgal, he comes from the Saad Moussa sub-clan. A member
of the politburo, and the party’s second secretary-general,
Ismail is extremely powerful and essentially plays the role of
prime minister. Some of his duties are said to have been given
to Ismail Omar recently, bringing him close to resignation.

© Youssouf Ali Chirdoun, minister of interior, posts and tele-
communications, and a member of the politburo. He is from
the Fourlaba, the largest sub-clan of the Dalol, and has
considerable influence in the clan. Considered a technocrat,
he has a good relationship with Ismail Guedi.
@ Mohamed Djama Elabe, minister of education, culture, sports
and youth, is also Fourlaba, and is perhaps the most respected
Dalol politician, He has the added advantage of speaking
Afar. He is not however a member of the politburo, and his
position within the Fourlaba is less influential than that of
Youssouf Ali Chirdoun.
Moumin Bahdon Farah, the foreign minister, is an Abgal
from the largest sub-clan, the Yonis Moussa. He is also
secretary general of the RPP. He has a good reputation
overseas. The main rival to Ismail Omar Guelleh. He recently
Jost one of his main supporters in government when the
minister of industry resigned.



MOZAMBIQUE

GOODS HANDLED, EQUIPMENT PROBLEMS AT PEMBA PORT DESCRIBED

Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 17 Aug 86 p 2

[Text] The port of Pemba, in Cabo Delgado, handled about 500 tons of goods
last Wednesday, our reporters learned from a source at the port. This same
source said that this is the highest total ever, bearing in mind that this
port has no crane or other equipment for the unloading of the vessels which
dock there.

The goods unloaded last Wednesday included 410 tons of rice and 35 containers
of clothing and medicines, weighing 500 tons in all.

According to a statement made by the inspector at the port of Pemba, Jose
Pinto Machungo, an average of 350 tons of cargo per day has been handled at
that port, so that it is unusual for a port without its own unloading
equipment to reach a total of 500 tons in a single day.

Goods are awaiting unloading from the holds of the vessel Chris, which docked
in the port of Pemba on the 10th of this month. Its cargo is a gift from the
Italian city of Reggio-Emilia to the people of Cabo Delgado.

The solidarity ship has brought a cargo of about 3,500 tons, and it is
expected that the unloading will be completed today, Sunday. The port
inspector further said that this achievement was the result of an intensive
mobilization effort on the part of the provincial government structures, which
assigned dozens of trucks so that the goods could be moved rapidly.

This same source said that two shifts of 36 workers each were organized,
making it possible for the work to continue from 7 am until 11 pm, without
interruption.

It should be noted that of the individuals working on the unloading of this
ship, 10 are women. The entire team is made up of Mozambican workers, with

the exception of the members of the ship's crew operating the cranes and
winches on board.

The port of Pemba has not a single crane, and the unloading was done entirely
by the two cranes on board the Chris. On the other hand, we were informed

33



SOUTH AFRICA

CONTRIBUTIONS OF AMERICAN BUSINESS IN SOUTH AFRICA QUESTIONED
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 30 Jul 86 p 7
[Editorial: “American Businesses a Burden”]

{Text] Anyone who has made a study of the interference factor of American
businesses over the past 20 years must come to the conclusion that the great
majority of American businesses scarcely constitute a benefit to our country.

Interference as reflected in the Sullivan code raises the question of whether
American businesses ought not to be requested to give up and sell off their
interests in the Republic. Moreover we know of very few countries where
American businesses are not a pain in the neck and do not do more harm than
good to the host country's affairs. The action last month by the American
Chamber of Commerce in South Africa (Amcham) was without any doubt the last
straw that finally broke our confidence in American businesses.

Tax

In addition, the following figures must be taken into account in assessing the
usefulness of American investments in the Republic.

We estimate their sales at approximately 20,000 million rands. By American
standards, the profits before taxes must amount to about 2,200 million rands,
on which taxes of about 1,000 million rands are then payable.

The taxes are paid by the roughly 300 American businesses amount in reality to
100 million rands at the most. This, coupled with the employment figure of
125,000 workers and the excessive pressure that the American businesses exert
on foreign currency reserves as a result of minimizing local content of
secondary raw and supporting materials in manufacturing, clearly shows that on
close examination, American businesses offer South Africa few advantages. The
vacuum that their departure would leave behind will very rapidly be filled by
the interest of other countries in South Africa and the acquisition of a large
number of such businesses by national and other entrepreneurs.

The juicy reports that American businesses here can only with difficulty
defend their presence in the face of American and other foreign political

53



ETHIOPIA

FIGURES ON STUDENT ENROLLMENT, CLASSROOM FACILITIES
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 18 Sep 86 pp 1, 3
{Article by Makonnen Haile]

[Excerpt] Student enrollment in schools throughout the capital in the current
academic year, which has just begun is expected to come to 399,386, showing an
increase of about 15 percent over the previous year.

This was disclosed by Comrade Damtew Gebru, General Manager of Addis Ababa
Region Schools' Office, in an interview with the Ethiopian Herald yesterday,
In a breakdown given by Comrade .Damtew, the number of elementary school
students is expected to grow by some 15 percent bringing the total to 240,000
against the previous year's figure of 225,520, The number of children attend-
ing kindergartens is to rise by 10 percent compared to last year's figure of
12,908,

According to the General Manager, intake in junior secondary schools will go
up to 70,000 students against 64,318 in 1978 E,C, The number of students
entering senior secondary schools during the current academic year is esti-
mated at 89,386 against a previous year total of 84,229,

Comrade Damtew noted that only 81 percent of the city's school-age children
could be accommodated in elementary schools due to shortage in classroom facil-
ities, He said we would like to make an urgent appeal to parents and the pub-
lic at large to extend all possible assistance for the construction of addi-
tional classrooms,

The General Manager said student attendance in junior secondary schools now
stands at 71 percent and gave the figure for senior secondary schools at 52
percent, adding that the student-classroom ratio is still quite high. Even
then, he stressed that the community should play an increased role in the fi-
nancing of the construction of additional classrooms.

The General Manager also released figures of students attending evening
schools in schools around the city. Elementary school attendance during the
current academic year will increase by approximately 10 percent to a total of
54,870, The enrollment in junior secondary schools will also show a reason-
able increase with a total of 28,536 against the previous year's figure of
27,786. Evening class enrollment in technical or vocational schools this year

19



/9317
CSO: 3400/78

he loses more people from his
party he stands to gain more stat-
ure as a statesman, he stands to
gain more black support and he
stands to gain more white support
from white liberals.

“There are issues that would be
a bigger triumph than being a
smalltime politician, parochial,
concerned only about the people
from whom he originates, when the
country is bigger than that. I would’
see that as a more tempting acco-:
lade.” t

There are many rewards for
whites on the path of reform.
“They will be architects for the'
future, not just for themselves, but
for their children and their chil-

dren’s children. They need to be ar-
chitects of their society and they
have the opportunity now. This ap-
plies to us as well.

“There is no question that blacks
need whites and whites need
blacks. The interdependence has
gone so far really that it is in the
vested interests of both that there
should be power-sharing. They are
interdependent already through the
economy and I believe this should
also be translated into political in-
terdependence.”

Of the view that President Botha
is able to clamp down on unrest
and rising black aspirations for ‘as
long as he likes through existing se-
curity measures, Chief Buthelezi
says: “I think the longer you keep
the fire going under a pot with the
lid on, the more devastating the
explosion will be.”

President Botha, he believes, is
running out of time and the coun-
try could be overwhelmed by a va-
riety of factors, including an eco-
nomic crunch. There just won’t be
enough jobs for all the black
school-leavers..“The longer he
delays the uglier the scenario looks
to me.”

86

If the Government would, for
example, repeal the Population
Registration and Group Areas Acts
(“they can do it without suffering
any consequences”) it would pro-
vide a huge fillip for reform. “I
can't see black people, poor as they
are, flooding the Berea or Hough-
ton because they just don’t have
that kind of money. But just think
of. the miracle it would cause in
terms of changing opinion abroad,
for example.”

One frequently stated NP view is
that it is up to “the Boers and the
Zulus” to sort out the country’s fu-
ture, and Chief Buthelezi goes
along with that. to some extent.
“They do form the two largest
groups on either side of the colour
line ... if a miracle happened and
there was rapprochement between.
them I think it would be progress
enough to general rapprochement
in the country as a whole between
black and white.”

He spends sleepless nights: wor-
rying about black-on-black conflict.
“It is damaging at many levels, be-
cause in a way it leaves Mr Botha
and the Government home and dry.
Then they can say: ‘With whom
can we negotiate while these peo-
ple are still tearing each other
apart.”

His worst nightmare is the col-
lapse of the economy. “It is the en-
gine of everything that people have
enjoyed in varying degrees. If that
happens I see more conflict with-
out any hope at the end of the tun-
nel. Once the engine has packed up
then it doesn’t matter who runs the
country because they will not be
able to improve the quality of life.”

His dream is shared power.
“Some people say that because we
are so different it is a tragedy. But
I think it was God’s plan because
the greatness of this nation lies in
that we are so diverse ... diversity
is our greatest asset.” .


MOZAMBIQUE

GENERAL ELECTIONS FOR PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLIES ANALYZED
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 23 Aug 86 p 8
[Article by Augusto de Carvalho]

[Text] Maputo--Mozambique is holding the second general elections for the
People's Assemblies and the Popular Assembly (parliament) over a period of 30
days which began last Monday. Apart from consolidating these political
structures, this process will be a test of the actual control the regime has
over its territory.

While the RENAMO rebels continue to say they control vast populated zones,
the elections are to be held in all localities, where the representatives for
their respective assemblies are chosen. Direct balloting occurs only on the
local level and is indirect on the others (administrative posts, province,
district and nation), for the election of Popular Assembly members.

Samora Machel's regime, which is attempting to make the voting process a
festive one, wants to renew the system, injecting new blood therein, through
the choice of individuals capable of making it dynamic. As Oscar Monteiro, a
member of the Political Bureau and president of the National Elections
Commission, put it, “What is wanted is to strengthen the socialist system,"
the only one which, in his view, “will be capable of creating the conditions
for justice, equality and peace, which have not been achieved to date."

The order of the day is the choice of deputies who can ensure the imposition
of a new rhythm on the system within the guidelines established by the party,
in a country which is at grips with hunger and war. This is a party which
continues to include Marxism-Leninism in its ideology as the key to the
resolution of the problems of the people of Mozambique, something which makes
the election of anyone who openly advocates party pluralism unthinkable. In
the elections, however, a deputy is not required to profess Marxism-
Leninism, only to be “honest and patriotic," “without discrimination based on
sex, race or religion.”

Moreover, what Marxism-Leninism is or is not in Mozambique is still open to

discussion, although those on the top level still have some difficulty in
admitting openly that such a debate exists.

40


at the same time they are exploiting our people, abetted by the
laws promulgated by the apartheidt system.

They are hag-ridden by the fear of losing the super-profits they
pocket at the expense of our peoples.

[Question] Botha had declared and even suggested a degree of re-
form some time ago, including the matter of the pass-law, the mar-
riage laws, etc...

[Answer] You know, Botha's declaration did not’ surprise us in the
least. His attitude is even less surprising; when Botha talks
about reforming apartheidt, he is talking about giving the blacks
a little more elbow-room. And that, of course, is calculated to
perpetuate white supremacy in South Africa. This talk of reform
is merely a sop to soothe his allies. It means that they get the
impression that things are moving in our country...Make no mistake
about it, though: the situation for blacks is as bad as ever, if
not actually worse. We know that the task Botha has set himself
is to preserve the status quo.

[Question ]President Reagan spoke of symbols,. and set the South
African problem in what might be called a historical context.

[Answer] When Reagan said that apartheidt is cosmetic, he was
merely trying to play to American public opinion so as to protect
certain interests.

ANC policy has been the same ever since 1912, when the treaty of
unity was signed, and encouraged the people to close ranks against
their common enemy. That policy has not changed by one iota from
that day to this. And, thanks to that unity in the struggle, we
can already glimpse the dominant profile of the society South Afri-
cans want.

Obviously, though, if you have people like Buthelezi who have made
their position clear vis-a-vis the present system and the interests
they support, things get complicated. What you have there are
traitors to the South African nation, and hence to the struggle
the people have chosen to win back what what’ is rightfully theirs.

He mentioned the PAC. Our position toward the PAC is that, if it
exists and if it struggles in the country to change the situation,
there is no problem; or even, if it is working with others who
have a democratic vision of the future South African Republic,

we have nothing against it. The problem, though, is that the PAC
is active only in a handful of sections outside the borders of the
South African Republic; you see that we simply haven't the time to
spare on bringing all these splinters of the PAC together... Be
that as it may, we are for unity.

81



SOUTH AFRICA

MARAIS CRITICIZES AFRIKANER RESISTANCE MOVEMENT POLICY
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 30 Jul 86 p3

[Unattributed report: “HNP Leader Warns AWB About Its Political Role--Boer
People's State Not the Alternative” ]

[Text] "The announcement by the AWB [Afrikaner Resistance Movement[ of a
political policy opposed to the policy of the HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party]
and other parties puts that organization in the middle of party politics."

So said the leader of the HNP, Mr Jaap Marais, during the party's Eastern Cape
regional congress.

Mr Marais point out that the AWB's policy of restoring the erstwhile Boer
republics is a political policy, and that the organization is playing the part
of a political party. A political group does not need to have the word
“party” as part of its name in order to play a party-political role. After
the English War, the Transvaalers conducted their political struggle through
an organization called Het Volk [The People], and in the Orange Free State is
was called the Orangia Unie [Orangia Union].

Aim

The fact that the AWB finds itself in the party~political arena makes it
illogical for it to reject party politics and hold up a partyless state as an
objective. A partyless state can only exist if parties are prohibited, and
then it comes down to a one-party state.

Mr Marais said that the fact that the AWB had founded a political party in
1980 and registered it under the name "White People's State Party” with the
same leadership and so far still the same address as the AWB makes the
organization's rejection of party politics incomprehensible. It is all the
more incomprehensible inasmuch as the AWB declares that the White People's
State Party pursues the same policy in connection with a Boer people's state
as the AWB, which beyond all doubt naturally makes the Boer people's state
idea a mere party-political issue. These are the facts that form the dividing
line between the HNP as champion of the idea of White South Africa, and the
AWB as champion of a Boer people's state.

58


[Question] Could there be a leadership problem in the ANC, and
what plans might there be, in terms of election, for the future?

[Answer] The future poses no problems to us. ANC branches in
the interior of the country as well as those beyond its borders
are united. There is no room for conflicts over leadership. We
all work together according to the specific program laid down for
our organization. This program is so designed as to encourage
unity in the work we do, and this has won us the confidence of our
people. This makes it possible for the members to replace their
leaders; I mean, in other words, that they can run for election
if they so desire. Those who run for office but fail to win elec-
tion will simply go back to what they were doing in ANC without
any problems. You can see that we have no leadership problems
and that, therefore, we have no reason to be afraid.

[Question] Has the Pretoria regime managed to find traitors to
infiltrate your organization?

[Answer] But of course it has!’ When it is not too busy with ag-
gression, the apartheidt regime has always tried to sneak trai-
tors into the ANC, hoping to weaken our movement. As for us, we
take all these things into consideration; we have discovered
traitors among us. They passed themselves off as activists. When
the people spy the enemy, they are instantly on’ the alert. ANC
conducts consciousness-raising campaigns for that very purpose.

We maintain the utmost vigilance to track down and spot the trai-
tors in our ranks.

[Question] Nelson Mandela, in the eyes of the whole world, is
still the leader of the ANC. Is he still truly part of the move-
ment, or does he merely play a symbolic role as leader?

[Answer] Before Mandela went to prison, which was 20 years ago,
he was chosen as the man who would maintain the role of leader in
our country's struggle. And that fact cannot change, simply be-
cause the apartheidt regime has seen fit to lock him in a cell.
In any event, our people have never accused Mandela of any wrong-
doing, because, even from the depths of his prison cell, he still
keeps urging us: "Keep on fighting for ANC's political program!"

You can see for yourself that there is no reason to raise the mat-
ter of leadership when it comes to Mr Mandela. The main thing is
to abide by the original political program.

6182

CSO: 3419/303

82


/9317

An important benefit is bloodhound’s
capacity to detect explosives without sus-
pect objects or persons being ap-
proached too closely or touched. This
prevents lives being lost in booby-traps.
and enables the quick detection of sec-
ondary bombs after an explosion occurs.

Will the Bloodhound completely re-
place tracker dogs? “Not necessarily,”
says Fuchs Electronics marketing ex-
ecutive, Barrie Naylor. “The two can work
effectively side-by-side. But bear in mind
that, untike a dog, Bloodhound doesn't
sleep or have a limited attention span. It
can keep going around the clock. it has a
very low false alarm rate and won't be dis-
tracted by unusual sights or smells.”

For more information contact Mr
Barrie Naylor, Fuchs Electronics (Pty) Ltd.
P O Box 57, Alrode 1450. Tel (011) 864-
1860

cso: 3400/61

117



MOZAMBIQUE

ACHIEVEMENTS OF TRAINEES PRAISED BY GDR FIRMS
Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 17 Aug 86 pp 8-9

[Article by Ernesto Zucule: “German Managers Say Mozambicans Are Doing
Brilliant Work"]

[Text] The training of Mozambican workers in the GDR is proceeding
successfully, and the majority of our young people have completed their
courses with the highest marks in the group of apprentices from other African
countries. During the productive processes and following the courses, the
Mozambicans have also done meritorious work, thanks to their discipline,
dedication and strength, and in some cases they have revealed excellent
professional talents, frequently achieving the highest productivity indices,
This is what our reporters were told by some of the managers of the business
combines and complexes responsible for the training of our workers in the
widest variety of specialties and vocations.

At present, a total of more than 1,000 Mozambicans are receiving vocational
training in various labor sectors, ranging from civil construction through
the forestry, food, hotel, and chemical industries to agroindustry,
mechanics, agricultural hydrology and other fields. In all this vast range of
vocations, the Mozambicans have revealed special talents, capacities and
typical aptitudes such that, over a period of 4 years, they achieve a level of
skill regarded as ideal for workers with their level of educational training.
The majority have completed sixth grade, but not much more.

In addition to revealing these talents and aptitudes, their extraordinary
industry, strength and labor discipline have made the Mozambicans the
preferred workers in some areas, and this has won them ianumerable prizes,
praise and opportunities to renew labor contracts for periods equal or
superior to the number of years they have been in training (generally, 4 years
initially), we learned from the managers of some enterprises.

In the forestry, civil construction, manufacturing and installation of farm
machinery enterprises, the labor collectives made up of Mozambicans or
Mozambicans and citizens of the GDR are usually regarded as models among the

collectives made up of young people from other African countries. But when
all is said and done, pride in the work of the Mozambicans is not felt by

27



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

INTERNATIONAL AID FOR COTTON PROCESSING FACILITIES

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
6 Aug 86 p 2

[Article by W. An., Frankfurt: "Money for African Cotton, Production Is Being
Expanded and Modernized"]

[Text] Significant financial aid has recently been approved for the construc-
tion and modernization of cotton ginning systems, especially in the West
African area. These finances have been approved by international organizations
and by individual industrial nations.

The European Investment Bank (EIB), Luxemburg, has recently granted the Ivory
Coast a loan amounting to 9.7 million Ecu (1 Ecu = about DM2.20 ). This is
to be used for the erection of a cotton ginning installation by the Compagnie
Ivoirienne pour le Dévelopment des Textiles (CIDT), Bouake. The French state
Caisse Centrale de Coopération Economique (CCCE), Paris, likewise is partici-
pating in the financing. The site of the installation will be Seguela in the
middle west of the country, where cotton garnered within a radius of 88 kilo-
meters can be processed. The installation is to be able to gin 33,000 tons
of cotton per season when its production capacity is fully used. The basic
equipment of the installation comprises four saw gins, cleaning and turnover
equipment as well as two power units. There are already six cotton ginning
installations on the Ivory Coast. The Ivory Coast is the most important West
African cotton producer. For the harvest year 1985/86, a production of
213,000 tons of unginned cotton is expected, in comparison to 212,070-tons in
the previous harvest year.

The CCCE has also committed itself in the People's Republic of Benin. In 1985,
a total credit amounting to more than 3.75 billion frs CFA (100 frs CFA =
approximately DM0.65 ) were awarded for the processing and storing of cotton.
This involves the construction of two cotton ginning installations in Bani-
koara and Bembereke in the province of Borgou, whose processing capacity can

be expanded from 20,000 tons cotton annually to 30,000 tons later on. In the
harbor region of Cotonou, halls with an area of 8,000 square meters are further-
more to be erected to store the cotton fibers.

At the beginning of 1986, Togo received a credit from CCCE amounting to 40
million French francs for the erection of a cotton ginning installation in



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

NAMPULA MARKETING CAMPAIGN--More than 2,300 tons of farm products were
marketed in Nampula by 20 June of this year, representing 8 percent of the
total to be marketed throughout the province. The goal for this season, which
began on 2 June, calls for the marketing of 29,255 tons of grain, oleaginous
and vegetable crops. According to sources in the province of Nampula, it is
expected that the indices for the current season will be satisfactory. [Text]
[Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Aug 86 p 8] 5157

NIASSA THREATENED BY FAMINE--Without a huge aid effort, 300,000 people may die
in the northern province of Niassa after torrential rain in the region, the
governor of Niassa, Mariano Matsinhe, said on 5 September. ‘The famine threatens

to be the worst in 200 years, [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in
English 13 Sep 86 p 7] /9274

CSO: 3400/87

42


In the OPEC country of Gabun, investments amounting to about 58 billion frs CFA
(100 frs CFA = about DM0.65) have been applied to telecommunications within

the current five year plan (1985 - 1988). Of this, 42.55 billion frs CFA is

for the telephone and television area. In particular, three directional radio
links together with the required telephone centrals are to be erected. This
first of all involves the north-east connection Oyem-Bitam-Makoku (12.50 billion
frs CFA), secondly the southern connection Mouila-Ndende-Tchinbanga (10.0 billion
frs CFA), and thirdly the south-east connection Ndende-Mbigou-Moanda (3.20 bil-
lion frs CFA). 5.85 billion frs CFA are destined for the expansion of the
telephone and television network in several city sections of Libreville. 1.2
billion frs CFA are to be used to expand telecommunications in the coastal
region, and 2.8 billion frs CFA are to be used to double the capacity of the
directional radio link Libreville-Fourplace. .

In the spring of 1986, Gabun received a credit amounting to 300 million francs
from the French state-owned Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique (CCCE),
Paris. This credit is to be used for procuring equipment for television, for
the installation of telephone connections in Libreville, and for the moderniza-
tion of the telephone networks in Franceville, Makara, Oyem and Bitam.

The American Export-Import Bank (Eximbank) , Washington, DC, granted Gabun a
credit of 13 million dollars in the spring of 1986, together with a cost-free
supplement of 25 percent. These financial means are to be used for tele-
communications via satellite. In the spring of 1986, it was further announced
that Gabun is to install an observation station for the European space program
Ariane. A corresponding. agreement was signed with the European Space Agency
ESA. The station will be sited in the neighborhood of the capital Libreville.

The African Development Bank and the African Development Funds, which have

their head office in Abidjan (Ivory Coast), granted a credit,of 20 million
dollars to the Central African Republic in the spring of 1985, to finance three
telecommunications projects. These concern first of all the construction of

a directional radio link to neighboring Cameroon, secondly the construction

of an international transit center, and thirdly the expansion of existing
short-wave connections. The project manager is the Post and Telecommunications
Ministry in the capitol city of Bangui. The above-mentioned French state Caisse
Central de Coopération Economique (CCCE) granted a credit of nine million French
francs in the spring of 1986 for 3500 new telephone connections in Bangui.

8348
CSO: 3420/50



LONRHO ACQUIRES ESTATE IN AGREEMENT WITH GOVERNMENT

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 15 Sep 86 p 1

[Text]

19274
CSO:

3400/87

MAPUTO — The spirit of
19th century colonialism
has returned to a war-
torn corner of Mozam-
bique after an extraordi-
nary deal between Tiny
Rowland, chief executive
of Lonrho, and the coun-
try’s Marxist rulers.

Employees of Row-
land’s multi-national conglomerate are
currently carving put a massive estate fia
territory ravai yy guerrillas of the
National Resistance Movement (MNR).

‘The estate, near. Nhamatanda, about
120k west of Beira, is protected by a
private militia provided by the Frelimo
government and pays a proportion of the
workers’ wages in plastic tokens.

The deal, between Rowland and Presi-
dent Samora-Machel was set up last year
and grants Lonrho the right — for an
undisclosed price — to grow cotton and
food on about 40 000ha of land formerly
farmed as a government co-operative.

Several other farms nationalised after
independence were acquired by Lonrho.
in the agreement.

' The estate lies 12,8km north of the
Beira corridor road linking Zimbabwe.
with the Mozambique port. During the
last four years, (R guerrillas have
razed villages and clashed repeatedly
with Zimbabwean and Frelimo troops.

‘The estate buildings are surrounded by
a 3m-high security fence topped with
barbed wire.

SA-born project manager Caspar Ba-
denhorst denied there was any rebel ac-
tivity in the area. “I have been here 12
months and I have seen no evidence of
terrorism.”

But other workers, black and white,
claimed that the MNR had raided the
place, but had been beaten off by a pri-
vate security force.

36°

MOZAMBIQUE


SOUTH AFRICA

DOMESTICALLY MANUFACTURED EXPLOSIVES DETECTOR DESCRIBED
Pretoria PARATUS in English Sep 86 p 52

[Text]

ives detector which uses an electron capture tech-

T HE Bloodhound, a highly sensitive hand-held explos-

nique to “sniff-out” bombs and explosives in a second,
is now being made in South Africa by Fuchs Electronics.

A Reutech company, Fuchs Electronics
has: acquired the manufacturing technol-
ogy from analytical Instruments of Britain.
The lightweight and easy-to-operate
Bloodhound uses a unique detection sys-
tem combined with real time analysis. It
consits of a hardy hand-held detector unit
weighing only 3,5kg linked via a cable toa
console containing two rechargeable bat-
teries and a gas bottle. The console is
worn tike a back-pack.

The Bloodhound is highly sensitive to
vapours given off by most commercial
and military explosives. Whether con-
cealed in a suitcase, parcel, car boot, or
hidden in clothing, plastic or cement, the
characteristic explosive vapour passing
through the wrapping material will be pic-
ked up from a safe distance by the Blood-
hound in seconds.

The Bloodhound uses an electron cap-
ture technique which continuously sam-
ples for the presence of explosive vapour.
When explosives vapour is found, a clear,
visible and audible alarm is given. How-
ever, if silent operation is required, the
audio alarm can be switched off and the
response clearly seen on an illuminated
display. This makes the Bloodhound ideal

,when checking at night for bombs and ex-
plosives in cars. The silent mode is also
useful for detecting a potential bomber —
at the entrance of a building, for instance
— without alerting the suspect of discov-
ery.

116

The Bloodhound was developed in the
UK by Analytical instruments (Al) Security
in conjunction with the National Physical
Laboratory with the backing of the British
Government. Currently manufactured to
international standards by Fuchs Electro-
nics in Alberton, it should prove invalu-
able as a sophisticated deterrent in the
fight against increasing urban terrorism.
Already it is proving a highly successful
anti-terrorist device in more than 40
countries. It is being used by police, mili-
tary, customs and postal services to pro-
tect people and buildings from bombs.

The Bloodhound provides security staff
with the maximum back-up to minimize
the risk of attack by bombing of the stra-
tegic installations and buildings housing
government departments, banks, insur-
ance companies and air ports and shop-
ping malls. Equally important is the
Bloodhound’s ability to identify explos-
ives before they are even made into
bombs. By fitting a lightweight hand-held
probe, the Bloodhound becomes a fool-
proof and thorough method of carrying
out a body search. It will detect, among
other items, sticks of dynamite on or in
the body.


DJIBOUTIL

ETHIOPIAN REFUGEES PRESSURED TO LEAVE COUNTRY
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 30 Aug 86 p 4

{Text]

At the end of June, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
announced the forthcoming resumption, at an unspecified date, of
" in iation" i in Djibouti. The refugees
have recently been informed that, from September 1, they can register
themselves as “departure applicants."

Judging from a_note from the minister of the interior, Youssouf Ali
Chirdon, dated July 29, it seems that the Djibouti government has
started to exert strong pressure on the refugees in an effort to persuade
the majority of them to leave the country. In his note, the minister said
that all those refusing to be repatriated voluntarily would have to file
an individual application asking for their refugee status to be extended.
The note said that all Ethiopians who lose their refugee status will have
to leave Djibouti without hope of any help from the authorities. A
special committee will examine the applications, and its decisions cannot
be appealed. Ethiopians who succeed in retaining their refugees status
will be issued with a new refugee card in which, for the first time,
their children's names will be included. Additionally, the authorities
plan to swiftly gather together all the holders of these new cards and
place them in a new camp, to be created in the Obock region. As from
January 1 1987, former refugee and ration cards will no longer be valid.

I.0.N.- It is clear, from reading this document, that Djibouti, faced
with a serious economic crisis (see I.0.N. No. 243), has decided to
rid itself of most of the eatimated 20,000 Ethiopians who refused to
take part in the first voluntary repatriation operation, conducted
from February 1983 to November 1984 under the U.N. High Commissioner.
That operation, however, enabled more than 16,000 people to be moved
to Harrargue, at the cost of considerable criticism as to the
unspontaneous character of the move. The pointed attack, made last
week by Djibouti Prime Minister Gourad Hamadou, which referred to
foreigners Living on Djibouti soil, can be attributed to the
sertousness of the economic crisis gripping the country, and to the

temptation to find a scapegoat.

19274
cso: 3400/107

15



BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

SWEDISH MINISTER ON ECONOMIC COOPERATION--The Swedish Minister for
International Development Cooperation, Mrs Lena Hjelm-Wallen, has said the
links between Sweden and Botswana are founded on the profound and solid ground
of shared principles of democracy and liberty. Mrs Hjelm-Wallen was opening
the Scania garage workshop at the Gaborone industrial site yesterday. Mrs
Lena Hjelm-Wallen, who was in Botswana to attend the independence
celebrations, said that a further expansion in economic cooperation has lent
stability and expanded relations between the two countries. She said Sweden's
support for SADCC has led to the construction of the microwave link between
Francistown and Bulawayo, and was helping the upgrading of the railway system
in Botswana. She said projects such as the Scania workshop in Botswana and
other Southern African countries would help lessen political and economic
dependence on South Africa. Earlier, when welcoming the minister, the Scania
regional manager, Mr (Goran Highlander), said the workshop would provide a
service to all Scania vehicles as well as training local mechanics and
drivers. [Text] [Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1111 GMT 2 Oct 86 MB]
/12913

DEVELOPMENT AID INCREASED--West Germany said it is to increase its development
aid to Botswana from 35.3 million pula to 38.3 million pula to be used during
1986/87. A press release from the Federal Republic of Germany Embassy in
Gabgrone said the announcement was made by He secretary of state in the
Ministry of Economic Cooperation, Mr Lengel on Monday. The announcement
followed a meeting between Mr Lengel and the vice president and Minister of
Finance and Development Planning, Mr Peter Mmusi, this week. According to the
release, the 3 million pula grant increase will be used in the field of
technical cooperation, it said the increase was prompted by the results of 20
years of excellent relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and
Botswana and the country's splendid performance in the field of economic
cooperation between the two countries. Germany is also assisting Botswana
with 300,000 pula in the locust control program and 1.5 million pula in the
food assistance program. The money will be used to buy 3,000 tons of white
maize from Zimbabwe. [Text] [Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1610 GMT 2
Oct 86 MB] /12913

STUDENTS REJECT BOYCOTT CALL--Botswana University students have rejected a
Students Representative Council call not to participate in the celebrations
of the country's 20th anniversary of independence on September 30. The

SRC claimed that there was nothing to celebrate as, contrary to the slogan
for the celebrations ("20 Years of Progress") there had been no real progress.

10


Drop in Necklace Killings Seen as Protest Increases
(Michael Tissong; THE STAR, 19 Sep 86) ....+.+seeeeeereees

Sanca Fears Generation of Black Drug Addicts, Alcoholics
(THE STAR, 22 Sep 86) .ceceecscceccccccccecccececceeresecs

Percy Qoboza Criticizes SABC's Opposition to M-Net TV
(Percy Qoboza; CITY PRESS, 21 Sep 86) ....+seeeeesreeeeeee

Briefs
Alternative Education by Sached
Black Councillors 'Desert' Township Seats
SOCLOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Latest Disaffiliation Seen as Severe Blow for TUCSA
(Alan Fine; BUSINESS DAY, 19 Sep 86) ...-+eeeeeeeerereeers

Poll Finds Most Whites Agree With Pace of Reform
(THE STAR, 22 Sep 86) .ceccecssccccccceccecvsccsececcceces

Symposium Discusses ‘Education Beyond Apartheid’
(Sue Pleming; THE STAR, 19 Sep 86) ....+eeeeeeeeeee

World War II Era Brandwag Inspires Modern Day Group
(Andrew Beattie; THE SUNDAY STAR, 14 Sep 86) ..

Black Sash Head Discusses Organization's Achievements
(Mary Burton Interview; THE DAILY DISPATCH, 11 Sep 86) ...

Columnist Says ANC Out-of-Date With African Goals
(Gerald 1'’Ange; THE SUNDAY STAR, 14 Sep 86) .

TV Viewers Criticize New Bilingual Programs
(THE STAR, 18 Sep 86) .. .

Briefs
Number of Voters
More New Telephones Nationwide
Professionals Still Leaving
ECONOMIC

Unemployment, Recession Hit All Races
(SUNDAY TIMES, 21 Sep 86; THE STAR, 12, 22 Sep 86) ......-

Jobless Pour Into Johannesburg, by Ivor Crews

Long Lines at Unemployment Offices, by Ivor Crews
Illness Among Blacks Cited as Main Cause

Jobless Go To Aid Bodies To Create Work, by Duncan Guy

88

89

90

92

92

93

94

95

97

98

100

102

104
104
105

106

106
107
108
109


SOUTH AFRICA

UNEMPLOYMENT, RECESSION HIT ALL RACES

Jobless Pour Into Johannesburg
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Metro) in English 21 Sep 86 pl
{By Ivor Crews]

[Text] Thousands of jobless people from all over the country are pouring into
Johannesburg to search for work,

Some are living in appalling conditions--sleeping in parking garages and
stairways and in disused office blocks--as they cannot afford accommodation,

Recently..39 people: were found sleeping on floors of an office block directly
opposite the Johannesburg City Hall,

Nineteen people were sleeping in one room, and refuse and litter were found
throughout the building,

The building has no baths or shower facilities. Hand basins in the offices
provided the only ablution facilities for the unfortunate inhabitants but
even they were clogged up.

Shifts

Apparently, the offices were used by two shifts--those working during the day
and those who work at night,

After a spot check by the municipal health authorities, a statutory notice was
served on the owners of the building instructing them to stop using the build-
ing for residential purposes,

“People are using old office blocks to doss in as they have no other place to
stay," said Mrs Molly Kopel, a PFP councillor,

"They come to Johannesburg because they can't find work elsewhere, but the
situation is no better here,

“We have found white families sleeping in parking garages and on stairways,
It is not only blacks, but people of all race groups who have been hit by the
recession,"

106


SOUTH AFRICA

NP SAID USING SABC AS PROPAGANDA CONDUIT
MB290734 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1551 GMT 28 Sep 86

[Text] Port Elizabeth, 28 Sep (SAPA)--The SABC was deliberately trying
to "denationalise" whites in South Africa and “condition them into
capitulation" by disseminating blatant National Party [NP] propaganda.
This was the viewpoint of Mr Tom Langley, Conservative Party [cP] MP for
Soutpansberg, who was addressing the CP cape congress in Port Elizabeth
this weekend.

Mr Langley, whose position as CP spokesman on Foreign Affairs includes

the SABC, told the congress that the SABC's attempt to condition whites

was a deliberate psychological one aimed at getting integration accepted.
The congress was asked for guidance as to whether CP members should refuse
to pay TV licences in protest against the "broadcast of biased NP propaganda
and the calculated attempts to condition whites towards integration by
means of multi-racial programmes and advertisements." Mr Langley replied
that, while the CP could not encourage people to break the law by refusing
to pay TV licences, he suggested that members should do whatever they

felt they had to do.

There was no doubt that the SABC was "his master's voice," Mr Langley said
and the only question was: "Who is the master and who is the voice?"

He accused the SABC of misinformation, saying it did this by advising

the public that the CP would be making a certain announcement, even before
the announcement was made, warning them not to believe it. Mr Langley
said he understood that staff at the SABC were even being used specifically
to keep the NP informed on various matters of importance.

The increase in the number of American programmes--many of them with
multi-racial casts--demonstrated how the corporation was trying to
"denationalise and even Americanise" whites. These programmes had replaced
European productions where the characters were all white and mixing of the
races was not portrayed.

Responding to delegates objections to political and sport programmes on

Sundays, Mr Langley said one way of differentiating between liberal
socialists and conservatives was to examine their attitudes to traditional

65



will be 12,974 against 12,484 in 1978 E.C. The aggregate total of evening class
enrollment is hoped to reach 118,077, against 107,115 in 1978 E.C.

The total number of teachers for the current academic year is estimated at
7,739 against 7,312 in 1978 E.C, This year the total number of teachers in
elementary schools is set at 4,157 against 3,932 in 1978 E.C. Whereas the
number of teachers in junior and senior secondary schools is estimated at 1,384
and 2,198, respectively and the figures for last year were 1,341 and 2,039
respectively,

Comrade Damtew disclosed that a total of 204 additional classrooms have been
built, out of which 160 are in elementary and the remaining 44 in senior
secondary schools, He said all government schools are operating in two
shifts, while public schools and those run by religious institutions are
functioning the whole day.

The General Manager said three new senior secondary schools, with a capacity
of accommodating about 10,000 students have been built in different parts of
the city last year, He said the government will be financing the construction
of two senior secondary schools with 40 classrooms during the current year.
Eight elementary schools are also planned to be built jointly by government
and public support, He said they will be ready by 1980 E,C. The Addis Ababa
City Council will be undertaking the construction of four kindergartens in
the current academic year,

The school expansion programme for the current academic year also includes
the construction of 80 new classrooms, jointly financed by the government
and the community, In 1978 E.C, student parents had raised almost 90 percent
of the four million birr used for the construction of classrooms.

19274
cso: 3400/109

20.


consultation for rural electrification. In North Africa, Decon worked out two
wind power programs in Egypt. Lahmeyer International GmbH, Frankfurt, an
affiliate of the Rhenish-Westfalian Electrical Works AG (RWE), Essen, has
also been engaged in the North African area. Here, it received contracts in
Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria. In Egypt, it was entrusted with working out a
maintenance program for about 800 pumping stations, and in Tunisia for a
special energy program. The World Bank financed the pump project in Egypt.

In Algeria, an international conglomerate under the management of Lahmeyer Inter-
national GmbH. was commissioned with various engineering tasks for the construc-
tion of a thermal power plant in Jijel, which will obtain three turbo generator
groups (210 megawatts each). The contract was concluded with the Algerian
state-owned Sonelgaz and has a running time of six years. A major portion of
the equipment will be delivered by the Soviet Technopromexport. Lahmeyer Inter-
national GmbH performs its consultation tasks in its headquarters, at the
customer's main administrative offices, and at the construction site.

In the Sudan, it was engaged by the National Electricity Corporation (NEC) in
connection with expanding the Burri diesel power plant by two units (10 mega-
watts each). Four units (10 megawatts each) are already operating in this
power plant. Lahmeyer International GmbH did the performance planning for the
new project, worked out the tendering documents, and supervised construction,
assembly, and start-up. The project, which is financed by the World Bank,

is to be completed by the end of 1987. Lahmeyer International GmbH was also
entrusted with consultation tasks connected with the erection of the first
expansion stage of the diesel power plant during the period from 1979 to 1983.
Another contract in the Sudan concerns the expansion of 33 kilovolt switching
systems, In Botswana, Lahmeyer International GmbH, as a consortial partner,
booked a contract to work out an energy plan.

Salzgitter Consult GmbH, Salzgitter, has recently obtained contracts in Guinea,
Morocco, and Ethiopia, for energy consultation. In Guinea, the enterprise was
employed to revitalize the hydropower plant Tinkisso I and its distribution
network. Furthermore, Salzgitter Consult GmbH undertook consultation tasks
for the future construction of the Tinkisso II dam and power plant, for a study
of the hydropower potential of the Tinkisso river, and for determining the
site for anotehr hydropower plant.

In Morocco, Salzgitter Consult GmbH has been employed by the government office
National D'Electricité (ONE), Casablanca, in connection with an energy producing
project within the framework of a conglomerate. This project concerns conducting
the Atlantic seawater through a 13 kilometer long tunnel into the Sebkha-Tah
declivity. The contract volume comprises the production of a feasibility study
and of a detailed plan draft as well as the processing of tendering documents.

In Ethiopia, Salzgitter Consult GmbH was employed by the state Ethiopian Electric
Light and Power Authority (EELPA), Addis Ababa, in a project for the increased
utilization of hydropower potential. This involves conducting water from the
Amarti river over a 1550 meter long tunnel with a 3-meter diameter to the
Finachaa river, where electric power generation is to be increased by 50 percent.
Furthermore, an 18 meter high and 762 meter long dam is to be created at the
Amarti river.


At a meeting with the people held at the conclusion of his visit to Cambine,
Pascoal Mocumbi spoke of the recent agreement signed by his ministry and the
United Methodist Church pertaining to the health center in that locality. In
this connection, he said this represents a contribution the religious
congregation is making to improving health care for the people.

In Maxixe, the minister of health visited the Chicuque Rural Hospital and
establishments for the training of elementary health cadres and primary school
teachers. At the health-cadre training center, Pascoal Mocumbi was informed
that various course have already been offered there, and that to date, 45
nurses, 30 midwives, 9 microscope technicians and an equal number of pharmacy
aides have been trained.

In September, training courses in pharmacy, nursing and microscope technology
will begin at this training center, with a total of 42 individuals
participating. A course for preventive and environmental medicine workers has
been under way since last June, with 31 participants.

Also in Maxixe, Pascoal Mocumbi visited the health center and the local
maternity clinic, the housing-improvement projects and the health facility
recently inaugurated in this city by the governor of Inhambane.

At the hospitals and health centers he visited, Minister Pascoal Mocumbi urged
the workers to put greater effort and dedication into improving the quality of
their work in providing health care to the people. One of the aspects the
health minister stressed the most in his talks with the workers in the sector
was the need for constant study to increase professional knowledge, as well as
participation in the second general elections under way in the country.

The minister of health also visited the Inhambane Provincial Hospital and had
an informal meeting with provincial government officials. At this meeting,
the Inhambane provincial health director gave a report of the activities
carried out in the sector during the first half of this year.

5157
CS0:3442/309

25



SOUTH AFRICA

POLL FINDS MOST WHITES AGREE WITH PACE OF REFORM

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Sep 86 p 11

[Text]

/9317

Most urban white South Africans agree
with the pace of Government reform, a
recent Omnichek poll has found.

This finding arises out of a poll in-
volving personal interviews “with a
representative sample of 1309 white
urban dwellers — 500 men and 809

-women aged 18 years and older”, said a »-

statement by Omnichek.

The survey found that 52 percent of
urban whites agree with the general
thrust and pace of the Government’s
refrom policy, compared with 22 per-
cent who would agree with the aboli-
tion of apartheid and ‘the repeal of all
discriminatory legislation, and only
7percent who say reform should be
halted.

QUALIFIED SUPPORT

Omnichek said 19 percent of respon-
dents gave a “don’t know” reply.
+ But the statement also said: “When
the poll probed deeper, a significant
majority of urban whites gave: only
qualified support to political changes
such as the abolition of pass laws, the

cso: 3400/79

94

introduction of a. common non-racial
identity document, restoration of citi-
zenship to South African blacks, and
the appointment. of other races to help
run provincial affairs.”

Only 40 percent of whites approved
of these reforms wholeheartedly.

Respondents were asked which op-
tions they favoured in the face of se-
vere economic sanctions and a siege
economy.

“The poll showed that halting all po-
litical reform and taking the conse-
quences of a siege economy is a view-
point endorsed by only 4 percent’ of
English-speaking and 12percent of
Afrikaans-speaking urban white South
Africans.” .

About 32 percent of English-speakers
favoured the repeal of all discrimina-
tion, compared with 11 percent of Afri-
kaans-speakers.

“However, 56 percent of Afrikaans
respondents said they were happy with
the Government’s present policy and
pace of reform, compared with 47 per-
cent of English-speakers.”


LAWYERS DISCUSS FORMING GIANT NATIONAL ORGANIZATION

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 11-24 Sep 86 p 4

[Text]

19317
CSO: 3400/67

MAJOR lawyers’ in the country decided at a
conference held F Bisho in the Casi Tecently, to
form a giant national lawyers’ organisation -- set to
be largest in the history of South Africa.

A national steering committee was formed to
spearhead the formation of the giant body on

The state of emergency which has almost
blanketed the entire country's socio-political scene
has been keeping courts on their‘toes and
lawyers in the country who are disillusioned wit

the ‘present legal system have developed a new:
attitude. ‘

"It is necessary to produce a powerful body of
lawyers who have a correct vision of our future
society", said Mr member of the
Democratic

addressing the meeting.

Gumede said also that "it is not only important to
challenge the existing laws but it is also necessary
to create a basis for the future system of justice in

_ South Africa."

Gumede said that the meeting had come at a
crucial period in the history of the strugele in South
Africa and "in the face of the ongoing crisis in the
country, there has developed a dire need for people
in all sections of our society to involve themselves
in the struggle for a non-racial democratic South
Africa. Lawyers are no exception."

cre twas fealy agreed tna forthe purposes
structure, it was for
of ideological and “organisational coherence they
should opt for a unitary rather than a federal system.

The major la ' organisations present at the
conference were the Democratic Laywers' Congress,
ELC, which is strong in the Tvl, the Western Cape
based Democratic Lawyers’ Organisation, the
Eastern Cape Democratic Lawyers’ Association
(ECDLA), the Pietermaritz! Yased Lawyers for

Democracy, the UDF affiliated Democratic.

Lawyers’ Association (DLA), which is strong in
Durban and the Black Consciousness orientated
Black Lawyers’ Association.

87

Archie Gumede, a
Lawyers’ Association and UDF leader,

SOUTH AFRICA



Fichtner Consulting Engineers GmbH and Company KG, Stuttgart, received a con-
tract from the power supply enterprise Société Nigérienne d'Electricité
(wigelec), which involves its services in the construction of a 66 kilovolt
open air line. The Agiplan Corporation for Industrial Planning, MUlheim/Ruhr,
supervised construction of the thermal power plant in Ras Djinet, Algeria, about
70 kilometers east of Algiers. This power plant has an installed power of

704 megawatts and is being erected by a German-Austrian conglomerate under the
management of Kraftwerk Union AG (KWU), MUhlheim/Ruhr. The GKW Consulting
Engineers for Water+Wastewater= Waste Technology GmbH, Mannheim, which is affi-
liated with the large construction firm Bilfinger and Berger Construction Cor-
poration, Mannheim, has been employed in a project which is being financed by
the Trade Institute for Reconstruction (KfW), Frankfurt. This concerns the
equipment of existing wells in the northern and in the south province with
solar-operated pumps. The project manager is the National Water Corporation,
Khartoum.

Bartels Consu}jt GmbH, Berlin, received a subcontract in Morocco concerning
consultation tasks in connection with the power production for the diesel
power plant. A subcontract was awarded in Cameroon to the Dr Eng Walter
GmbH and Company KG Internal DIWI, Essen, to provide consultation for the
electrical supply of the airport in Garoua in the north of the country. The
Hydroplan Engineering Company mbH, Herdecke/Ruhr, was employed in Zaire in a
hydropower project.

Gehrmann Consult GmbH and Partners KG, Wiesbaden, is executing a subcontract
in Egypt, which concerns the expansion of a thermal power plant in the Suez.
The Federal Republic of Germany increased its credit line for this power plant
by DM42. million in 1984. Before this, capital assistance was already granted
in the amount of DM101 million. The first two blocks (150 megawatts each)
started trial operation successfully in 1985. An international conglomerate
under the management of the already mentioned Kraftwerk Union AG (KW) is
currently erecting a third block (300 megawatts) which presumably will become
operational at the beginning of 1987.

8348
CSO: 3420/50



ma

SOUTH AFRICA

LATEST DISAFFILIATION SEEN AS SEVERE BLOW FOR TUCSA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 19 Sep 86 p 5

{Article by Alan Fine]

{Text ]

THE decision taken last
weekend by the Garment
Workers’ Union of the
Western Province
(GwOwr) to disaffiliate
rom the Trade Union
Council of SA (Tucsa) rep-
resents a severe blow to
the organisation.

Tucsa has suffered the
defection of at least 25 affiliates in the past three:

years,

The 56000-strong GWUWP was by far Tucsa’s
largest affiliate, and its disaffiliation takes Tucsa’s
total membership loss this year to seven unions,
representing 127 000 workers. Tucsa’s high point was
in early 1983, when it represented 495 000 members of
57 unions. Today, 32 affiliates remain with a combined
membership of little more than 150 000.

Tucsa’s most severe losses this year have occurred’
in the clothing, textile and leather sectors.

‘And morale within Tucsa will fall further with the
recent announcement of the resignation of adminis-
trative manager Ruth Imrie.

Imrie will be replaced by an “organising executive”
Don Maitland. Maitland is at present an o! ficial of the

/9317
cso: 3400/70

93

Mine Surface Officials’ Association (MSOA), the union
led by Tucsa president Robbie Botha.

Tronically, the source of Tucsa’s startling growth
between 1978 and 1983 ultimately threatens to become
its nemesis.

‘The late 70s saw the introduction of SA’s new labour
dispensation, designed in line with the -
tions of the Wiehahn Commission. A number of unions
previously to the right of Tucsa founda home in that
organisation, having decided to open their ranks to
workers other than white.

‘Among the unions which joined Tucsa in that period
were the MSOA and the Artisan Staff Association.
"The effect was a shift to the right in what was very
much a multiracial, middle-of-the-road organisation.
Since 1983, a variety of factors have combined to
intensify tensions between some of the relative new-
‘comers and many of the old stalwarts.”

These include what is seen as an unacceptably low
profile on civil rights issues (like a refusal to partici-
pate in protests against the death in detention of
unionist Neil Aggett in 1982), the rapid growth of the
independent black union movement and the township
upheavels.


SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK SASH HEAD DISCUSSES ORGANIZATION'S ACHIEVEMENTS

East London THE DAILY DISPATCH in English 11 Sep 86 p 6

[Interview with Mary Burton, head of Black Sash, by Gaye Taylor]

[Text]

‘Women have a very pow-
erful role to play in the
future of South Africa
and it is one which they
have not really fulfilled
yet.

This was said by the
national president of
the Black Sash, Mrs
Mary Burton, on a re-
cent visit to East London
which formed part of
her tour “to keep in
touch” with the seven
regions of the organisa-
tion.

Mrs Burton said the
Sash had often been
criticised for excluding
men from its ranks but
she believed there was a
need for .an avenue
which would help
women play a part.

“I think black women
are a_ tremendous
strength for the the fu-
ture of South Africa and
we're very lucky in the
contacts we have,” Mrs
Burton said. “I have
great admiration for
them and whereas I
don’t believe women
have any special secrets
I think there is a need
for an organisation that
will allow them to de-
velop.”

Mrs Burton said there
had been a tremendous
growth in the organisa-
tion over the past year
and membership now
stood at more than 2 000.
The Sash had become

more active in many re-
gions partly as a result
of a growth in mem-
bership and partly as a
result of the state of the
country.

“We are 31 years old
this year and seem to
have come full circle in
generational terms.
There are lots of new
members with new ideas
who are pushing for in-
volvement and this is
quite challenging for us
old timers,” she said,
adding that she herself
had been a member for
21 years.

Mrs Burton was chair-
man of the Cape West-
ern district before suc-
ceeding Mrs Sheena
Duncan as head of the
Sash in March.

The Argentinian-born
mother of four sons aged
between 15 and 24 says
she does not do much
else besides her work
for the Black Sash.

“It takes up a large
slice of my time,” she

says but adds that ,she:
does like to read. She:

says she receives a lot of
support from her family
“despite it being a male-
dominated household”.
A few years ago she
took time off to study for
a BA in English and so-
gial anthropology _be-
cause she felt a need for
a greater knowledge of

98

South African history
and its social compo-
nents, 0...»
Commenting on the.
East London branch of
the Sash, Mrs Burton
said it had been dor-
mant for many years but
was now experiencing a
revival of interest as
was happening every-
where, She attributed
the still fairly low num-
bers, however, to repri-
sals- that the Sash ex-
erienced when they
ecame active here.

In May a placard pro-
test at the City Hail pro-
testing against the de-
tention of members of
the Duncan Village
Residents’ Association
was disrupted 10 min-
utes before the end
when police confiscated
aplacard.

“I think people have
found that any activity
the Black Sash carries
out brings quite strong
repercussions in the
form of a_ right-wing
backlash. and in some
cases anonymous
threats,” Mrs Burton
said. “It's very hard to
have courage and to
carry on when every-
thing you do brings such
reprisals especially
when you are such a
small minority.”

She said it was won-
derful that there was


"It is difficult to say whether the first figures which have been made public
represent a tendency. Personally, I would most like to see that there are zero
calls. But it looks as if the arrangement is working, even though it can be a
problem to get the data in," says Mosbakk, who emphasizes that together with
the Foreign Ministry the Ministry of Trade is now working on the question of a
full boycott of South Africa. In this connection, these figures will also be
of interest.

12381
csO: 3639/144

114



SOUTH AFRICA

BOSHOFF DISCUSSES PLANS FOR FUTURE AFRIKANER STATE
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 30 Jul 86 p 5
[Unattributed report: "Cape, Natal, SWA in the People's State--Boshoff”]

[Text] Large parts of the Cape and Natal, as well as the southern part of
South West Africa, may become part of a future Afrikaner people's state.

This position was taken by the leader of the Afrikaner Volkswag, Professor
Carel Boshoff, during the recent congress of the Wolkswag.

In a summing up and look at the future, Professor Boshoff proposed that SABRA
[the South African Bureau for Racial Affairs] name an economic committee to
work out proposals for the economic ordering of the Afrikaner people's state
for submission to a subsequent meeting. Attention should also be given in the
proposals to questions of principle, such as the nature of the economic
system, the share of foreign enterprises, the elimination of foreign labor,
industries that can be developed, and the economic policy that should be
followed, Professor Boshoff said.

A committee for the geographical delimitation of the envisaged state must also
be established.

"The broadest delimitation that can be contemplated is the white parts of the
Transvaal, the Orange Free State, and northern Natal, the northern Cape, the
Cape midlands as far as the Port Elizabeth coast to west of Mossel Bay, and
the southern part of South West Africa. The eventual Afrikaner territory will
probably have to be much smaller. The four largest metropolitan areas, or
certain core areas of these, together with the black townships, must be
severed from this white area and placed under separate management."

Delimitation is a fundamental matter and must take place as quickly as
possible, Professor Boshof declared. Various proposals may be put forward,
with the pros and cons of each. Consideration must be given in the choice to
the inclusion of necessary requirements such as a harbor, key minerals, water,
agricultural land, and existing industries. Afrikaner history and tradition
must also be taken into account, as well as the defensibility of the
territory.

61



SOUTH AFRICA

CONSERVATIVE MP PROMISES INDIAN, COLORED HOMELANDS
MB271305 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1240 GMT 27 Sep 86

[Text] Port Elizabeth, 27 Sep (SAPA)--It was not apartheid but integration
which had failed in South Africa and this was proved by the fact that
homelands such as Traskei and Ciskei did not have to deal with unrest

which plagued white South Africa. This was the opinion of Ferdie Hartzenberg
who was addressing the Cape Congress of Conservative Party [cP] at a
beachfront hotel in Port Elizabeth today. Dr Hartzenberg said that it
proved the weakness of integration when one considered that independent
black homelands where blacks governed themselves had none of the problems

of violence and unrest that were so prevalent in South Africa.

Outlining policy if the CP came to power, Dr Hartzenberg said blacks would
only be able to work in areas nearest their homeland, thus restricting
them to the "natural zones" from which they came. The CP would also ensure
that there would be no building of new black townships or extension of
existing black residential areas. Work permits would be issued to all
blacks. Only a black with a work permit would be permitted within the
borders of South Africa in order to control the number of "aliens."

Citizenship would be the sole right of white South Africans and no other
races--including Indians and coloureds who would be granted their own
"homelands"--would be allowed to hold SA citizenship. Land ownership
and political rights would also be the sole prerogative of whites. Trade
unions would only have white members as they alone would be citizens of
the country and entitled to them. He said trade unions were the tools
of communism and were increasingly being used as a political weapon.

The policy would be implemented to the most minute. detail. Citizens on
black independent areas would even have to register births, deaths and
marriages in their own homelands and black drivers would have to register
and licence vehicles in their areas.

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67



CHAD

EDITORIAL VIEWS THIRD ANNIVERSARY OF LIBYAN OCCUPATION
N'Djamena INFO TCHAD in French 14 Aug 86 p 1
[Chadian Press Agency (ATP) editorial: "Laxity and Risk"]

[Text] The 25th anniversary of the Berlin wall that has been dividing the old
German capital since 13 August 1961 as imposed by the Eastern totalitarian
regimes, reminds us painfully of another situation, the one that Chad is liv-
ing through.

Since August 1983 the expression "the 16th parallel that divides Chad in two"
has been taking shape in international media as a substitute for the true bor-
der between Chad and Lybia, which is located farther North, very far beyond
Aozou. This was the month that al-Qadhdhafi had chosen to drop his air force's
murderous bombs on the city of Faya, without pity and without discriminating
among objectives; it was devastated and abandoned by its population. This was
also the starting point for a wide conquest of Chad to which the Chadian
National Armed Forces, assisted by a MANTA operation, have temporarily put a
stop.

It was indeed 3 years ago to the day that the Lybian army progressively occu-
pied half of Chad and set up there an administration directly controlled by
Tripoli. In the BET [Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti] area, Lybia is acting as if the
partition of Chad had been accomplished. The Chadians will never resign them-
selves to that. But there is good reason to fear that the way in which this
situation is continuing keeps postponing the recovery of our rights as we face
a country that does not hide its ambitions.

International diplomacy has been dragging its feet since the occupation of
Aozou in spite of the creation in 1977 of an OAU ad hoc committee on this mat-
ter and in spite of our government's numerous complaints to the United Nations.
This laxity has undoubtedly encouraged Lybia to push further.

MANTA and Epervier have arrived, and Chad is still divided and its Northern
part still occupied. The OAU seems to be only now awakening as it has finally
decided to reactivate an ad hoc committee created 10 years ago to pass judg-
ment on a violation of its charter by one of its members. But what can it do,
since we know that Berlin is still divided by the Soviet presence without the
UN doing anything whatsoever about it, Korea is still operating as two separ-
ate states and Vietnam was only reunified through warfare. Historical examples
amply demonstrate that diplomatic posturings and encouraging statements have
had their day. And Chadians would like to stop seeing the situation drag on
for ages without running the risk of witnessing the dismemberment of their
nation by a territory~hungry madman. We do not want to be counted among the
countries whose reunification is being vainly pursued. This is an evil that

must be prevented for the sake of the African continent's future.

12260/12859

aan. — AATGIID?


SOUTH AFRICA

SYMPOSIUM DISCUSSES 'EDUCATION BEYOND APARTHEID'

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 Sep 86 p 9

[Article by Sue Pleming]

[Text]

Problems at black schools have
worsened steadily since 1983.
‘This year has been punctuated:
by boycotts and disruptions and
there is’ pessimism about end-
of-year examinations. .

However several education-;
ists at a symposium in Four-|
ways, near Johannesburg, yes-'
terday said there was room: to!
be positive. A new form of edu-'
cation could be found, but ac-
tion must be taken soon.

. The symposium, “Education
Beyond Apartheid”, was at-
tended by about 200 education-:
ists and business people and
the general feeling was echoed
in the words of educationist Dr
Ken Hartshorne who said that
although the education crisis
was daunting, there was hope.

MORE HARM

Despite slogans rejecting
present schooling there was a
common appreciation of the
importance of education.

The rector of the Rand Afri-
kaans University, Professor
JP de Lange, warned the audi-
ence that the longer it took to
create a new political, econom-
i¢ and social structure the
more harm would be caused to
the education of young people.

“No society can afford this,”
he stressed.

95

“At the forefront of the dis-,
cussion was “people’s educa-
tion”, a relatively new but pop;
ular concept in the black com-

munity.

Dr Hartshorne described it
as “the working out of the edu-
cational consequences of the
Freedom Charter”.

“Tt is inextricably bound up
with the concept of people’s
power which is the collective
strength of the community,” he
explained. .

Its broad goals included the
setting up of a “free, unitary,
compulsory, non-racial and
democratic system of educa-
tion relevant to the establish-
ment of a unitary, non-racial,
democratic South Africa”.

Teachers would play a criti-
cal role in its development and
the ‘rector of the Soweto Col-
lege of Education, Mr Mike
Morapeli, said teachers would
have to be trained for this.

“Teachers are under con-
flicting pressures from the
DET, parents and pupils. We
must prepare our teachers to
handle these realities. We must
equip our teachers to handle
objectively what is happening,”

he said.

Dr Hartshorne stressed that
no “post-apartheid education”
would be possible without suffi-


@ Aden Robleh Awaleh, also from the Yonis Moussa, was the
main rival to Moumin Bahdon. An ex-secretary-general of the
FLCS, Aden Robleh was minister of commerce, tourism and
transport until he resigned in 1983 on grounds of ill health,
at a time when Air Djibouti had discovered a 2 billion
Comorian francs discrepancy. There were allegations of cor-
ruption, but Aden Robleh sued the Indian Ocean Newsletter
over such allegations and won his case, being awarded symbolic
one-franc damages. Aden Robleh has made it clear on several
occasions he would like the presidency but recent events,
including his flight to France and his sentence in absentia to
life imprisonment, would appear to have ruled him out, and
removed a person who might have given Hassan Gouled real
difficulty.

Aden Robleh’s recent problems started shortly
after a bomb explosion at the RPP headquarters in
January, and after he published a book entitled
Djibouti, clef de la Mer Rouge in February. This
made clear Aden Robleh’s ambitions, and, besides
being something of an apologia for his past, it gave
less prominence to Hassan Gouled than the president
would normally expect. Subsequently, Aden Robleh
claims he was the target of a campaign of harassment
which began after the president personally threatened
him. He had water, electricity and telephone cut off,
his passport withdrawn, and one of his followers
tortured in an attempt to get evidence against him.
Four days before he was due to be arrested, Aden
Robleh claims he was tipped off and so was able to
escape across the frontier into Ethiopia, together
with another deputy, Omar Elmi Khaireh, also a
former secretary-general of the FLCS. With them
went a commander of the border guards, Lt. Moussa
Houssein Abdi, again a former member of the FLCS.
Shortly after his flight to Ethiopia, and then to
France, Aden Robleh was expelled from the RPP
politburo, though not from the party. In September
he was charged with. plotting to overthrow the
government and assassinate leading figures. In a
three-hour hearing the court sentenced Aden Robleh,
Omar Elmi. and Lt. Moussa Houssein to life
imprisonment, in absentia. Another member of the
party was given a two-year sentence. Two soldiers,
again both ex-FLCS, who were in court and whose
evidence allegedly provided the link between Aden
Robleh and the January bomb explosion, were given
five and two-year sentences.

Aden Robleh himself has denied all the allegations
against him, and in turn has recently been making

some counter-accusations of his own, clearly
designed to enhance the presidential ambitions he
has not yet given up. He has raised questions over
what he calls the misuse of government funds. Such
alleged misuse includes U.S. $1.6 million spent on
improving the president’s house at Arta with a
covered swimming pool, using funds from the
national budget; the $15 million which has been
poured into the agricultural development at PK 20,

a favourite project of the president’s, but which had
little to show for itself when the project was halted
in early 1986 with 65 hectares under cultivation out
of a proposed 200; the $1.6 million spent by the
president personally on building two houses recently,
raising the question of where the money came from;
and the matter of the $1.5 million taken to organise
security for a summit meeting in January and of
which, Aden Robleh claims, only a fraction was
spent.

Aden Robleh goes on to make allegations that it
was the president who was really behind the attempt
to assassinate him in 1977, though the specific
responsibility he puts at the door of Ismail Omar
Guelleh’s brother Idris. This is a rather different
story from that which Aden Robleh previously told.
The attempt, in which he was seriously injured, was
made by Ali Guele Dirir who was found dead the
next day. At the time there was considerable suspi-
cion, shared by Aden Robleh, that the Somali
government might have been responsible. As secreta-
ry-general of the Somali-based FLCS, he had fallen
out with the Somali authorities in 1976 and been
detained by them for a year.

Now, however, Aden Robleh says that he believes
that the attempt was ordered by Hassan Gouled and
organised by Idris Omar Guelleh who has, according
to Aden Robleh, often acted on secret missions for
the president. He also claims that after the attempt,
when Ali Guele returned to report to Idris, he was
strangled. This was an attempt by Idris and a Captain
Duale and two others to remove all the evidence.
Aden Robleh says that he has never publicised this
version before because it might have affected the
unity of the country.

Although the attempt failed, Aden Robleh was
severely injured and out of circulation for a year.
One effect of his removal from the scene was that
agreements, apparently made by Hassan Gouled with
the FLCS, to allow FLCS members to have certain
jobs and to recruit whole units into the army, were
not kept. Some FLCS members have always regarded
this as a betrayal.

Aden Robleh is now trying to set up a political
movement in exile, the Mouvement national djibou-
tien pour l’instauration de la démocratie (MNDID).
This is intended to form a broad front. In addition
to his support from former members of the FLCS,
Aden Robleh is appealing to France by saying that
he would like to keep close relations with the former
colonial power. He is also trying to appeal to Afars
by indicating that he would be prepared to have a
prime minister with greater powers.

It is notable too that Aden Robleh is trying to
manipulate grievances among one of the two main
Issa clans, the Dalol. He is doing so by suggesting

17



SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

EXAMPLES OF INCREASED COOPERATION WITH PORTUGAL CITED

Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 28 Aug 86 p 17

[Text] Relations between Portugal and Sao Tome and Principe are intensifying
on all levels. We will mention here some specific cases.

Finalists at the Higher Agronomy Institute have visited Sao Tome to evaluate
local agriculture. The group is headed by Prof Mendes Ferrao, and after their
10-day visit, the members are to submit a report on the rural development
techniques used in this country.

On the other hand, a group of eight finalists at the Artur Navarro Nursing
School in Lisbon are now in Sao Tome, where they will stay for a month to
acquaint themselves with the realities of the situation in the health sector
there, to propose educational members and to mobilize popular support for the
struggle to improve health coverage. Another sector in which cooperation with
Portugal will make itself felt is the afforestation of the islands.
Portuguese technicians have begun a preliminary survey of the situation,
collecting data in the first phase of a forest development project approved at
the round-table discussion Sao Tome had with its development partners in
November of 1985, This project, which will last 3 years and will have three
phases, will require an investment of $500,000.

Mixed Portuguese-Sao Tome enterprises have been established or are being
established in the trade, agriculture and industry sectors. Included among
them is the A Compensadora insurance enterprise, the only insurer in Sao Tome
engaged in negotiations with Tranquilidade. It will begin operating as a
mixed enterprise early next year.

5157
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46


Today is probably the only radio program which brings a semblance of
sanity in the arena of information--but to be subjected to watching those
newsreaders and technicians doing their job on the screen is not remotely
entertainment.

You may also have seen top propagandist Cliff Saunders spending your
licence fees last weekend to do a hatchet job on the US. The idea was to
show that the US has no right to point fingers at this country as far as
the treatment of black people is concerned.

Black Americans, he implied, are no better off. What he did not portray
was that the constitution of the US and that country's courts come down
heavily on those who discriminate on the basis of colour. He also omitted
to mention that in this country the constitution and the courts protect the
rights of those who discriminate on the grounds of race and colour.

To try and compare the two situations is silly, to say the very least.

Thank heavens we will now have a choice. At least we can see 1980 movies
instead of the 1920 cr*p that the SABC puts on the screen.

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91



they teach applied. We know what we must do and we know that if we do not
work hard enough we will not succeed, The citizens of the GDR are strict at
work, because each earns according to his work. He who works hard earns what
he deserves. He who works little will earn little, and they record the
productivity of each individual. This is a good system we are learning, and
we hope to help our enterprises control productivity."

These ideas are shared by almost all of the young people with whom I talked,
and Aibo Mussa Suale, a Mozambican appointed to head a brigade at a forestry
enterprise in Haldensleben, also in the province of Magdeburg, believes that
the work done is consistent with the training received, with no justification
for complaints.

Fortschritt Satisfied

The management of the largest farm equipment and machinery factory combine in
the GDR, Fortschritt, has indicated its satisfaction with the efforts of the
Mozambican workers at the enterprise, both those who are learning specialties
and those who have also completed specialized training. “The Mozambicans make
up excellent work collectives, and they show a great desire to learn," Hilmar
Korner, one of the enterprise managers, said.

In fact, according to a GDR journalist, the work of the Mozambicans has won
great praise, because they are very capable and very dedicated. During a
visit to this enterprise, I was accompanied by this journalist, who is also in
charge of the information sector and the periodical RDA-EXPORTACAO, a
publication of the enterprise on technological advances and various aspects of
the life and activities there. He stressed the obvious sense of
responsibility revealed by the Mozambicans in the performance of their duties,
and he said that the GDR experts responsible for their training always speak
of “these compatriots. They are usually the first to complete their work, to
understand and to seek additional information."

“However, not everyone behaves in this manner. There are of course some
exceptions, since there are those who have difficulty completing their
training or who for other reasons, do not want to be regarded as the best.
But this has to do with us, because the criteria for selection are not always
ideal."

Concerning the Training Received

To return to the country and to work in enterprises where the activities are
related to the training received~-these are the main ambitions of all of the
Mozambican workers being trained in the GDR, according to some young workers
who are being trained as tractor mechanics, installers, lathe mechanics,
electricians and painters at the single large state enterprise specializing in
the production of farm machinery and equipment. These young people will
return to the country as specialists within 4 years.

The desire to be employed in areas related to the training received has to do
with the fact that some state sectors or enterprises ignore the training of
many of these young people after their return from the GDR, assigning them to

29



DJIBOUTI

DIPLOMATIC TIES WITH EGYPT RESTORED
Cabinet Decision Announced
NC301145 Paris AFP in English 1135 GMT 30 Sep 86

[Text] Djibouti, 30 September (AFP)--Djibouti officially restored diplomatic
links with Egypt Tuesday after a break since 1979 following the visit of the
late Egyptian President Anwar Al-Sadat to Jerusalem, an official announcement
said here.

The decision was taken during the weekly meeting of the Cabinet.

The breach with Cairo was unofficially healed in October 1983, when a senior
Egyptian diplomat made a visit to Djibouti.

"Search For Arab Unity' Aided
NC301232 Paris AFP in English 1214 GMT 30 Sep 86

[Text] Djibouti, 30 September (AFP)--Djibouti Foreign Minister Moumin Bahdon
Farah said Tuesday that the restoration of diplomatic links at ambassador
level would “aid the search for Arab unity."

He added that "most Arab countries have relations of every kind with Egypt" in
spite of the economic and diplomatic boycott declared by the Arab League in
1979.

Mr Bahdon Farah said, “Egypt plays a key and essential role in the search for
a solution to the Palestinian problem." The Palestinian Liberation
Organization had close contacts with Cairo, he noted.

Djibouti receives substantial assistance from Egypt in various fields, notably
in health care, where Egyptian aid workers are employed.

The visit of the then Egyptian foreign minister [title as received] Salah
Basyuni in October 1983 followed a meeting between Djibouti President Hassan
Gouled Aptidon and President Husni Mubarak of Egypt at Ciaro Airport in June
of that year.

13



CHURCH SAYS

"VENGEFUL COUNTERSANCTIONS' WRONG

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 Sep 86 p 11

[Text]

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‘The Gereformeerde Kerk
has warned that it would
be wrong to implement
counter-sanctions in re-
venge if sanctions were
implemented against
South Africa.

The church criticised
talk of vengeful counter-
sanctions, particularly
against this country’s
neighbours who propa-
gated sanctions against
South Africa.

In its official publica-
tion Die Kerkblad, the
Gereformeerde Kerk im-
plied that South Africa
should address the issue
which gave rise to
threats of sanctions, rath-
er than talking about re-
taliating with counter-
sanctions.

57

RESPONSIBLE

“Any criticism against
a person or country must
be weighed and consid-
ered to determine wheth-
ér you are perhaps guilty
—.and responsible before
God to fix what is
wrong,” it said.

Neighbouring countries
could be hurt by counter-
sanctions, but South Afri-
ca would have to live
with them in the future.

-Acts of vengeance
were unchristian and
negative:

Sanctions could mean
an increase in unemploy-
ment. If that happened,
Christians should use the
opportunity to love their
neighbour and do good.

If sanctions were im-
plemented, the situation
in the country would de-
teriorate, but a simpler
lifestyle could serve the
kingdom of God, Die
Kerkblad said.

SOUTH AFRICA



SIGNS OF RECOVERY FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Review) in English 14 Sep 86 p 1

[Text]

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DURBAN — There are
some signs that’ the
workflow in the civil
engineering contracting
industry might improve
for the rest of this year
into next and as a result
the tempo of construc-
tion may stabilise.

This was the good
news to emerge from
the South African Fed-
eration of Civil Engi-
neering Contractors’ an-
nual meeting this week
after a devastating fi-
nancial year in which
the labour force shrank
by 10 percent, insolven-
cies abounded and tend-
ers became “suicidal”
ina desperate effort to.
survive.

The work coming up
later this year revolves
mainly around the R300
million construction
programme of the Na-
tional Transport Com-
mission..New work
from SATS is expected
to be ‘very low but

Escom during the forth-
coming year is expect-
ed to award major con-
tracts for work at the
Matimba and Majuba

- power stations.

Much encouragement
was derived from the
R750 million housing
and township scheme,
which was expected to
attract private capital
to participate in. a new
Housing Trust. .

The decision by gov-
ernment to privatise
road construction and
maintenance’ was wel-
comed by SAFCEC.
Nevertheless its imple-
mentation would take
some time and contrac-
tors would not benefit
in the coming year.

Other schemes which
could impact on the in-
dustry if the go-ahead
were given, include the
Lesotho Highlands
water project, private
toll roads and new oil
from coal plants.

110

SOUTH AFRICA



Industry sources say the government had little option but to increase the
price of brown bread substantially because consumers had increasingly
switched to brown because it was cheaper.

Details of a higher wheat price were provided today by the chairman of the
Wheat Board, Mr C.D. Cillie. He said the minister of agriculture had
approved the wheat board's recommendation of a 10.8 percent increase in
the price of class A 1 wheat for the 1986/7 season, from. R325. to R360 a
ton. Mr Cillie said the increase was not sufficient to compensate farmers
for higher production costs, and so farmers would receive an extra RIS

a ton from the wheat reserve fund.

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112


Signs of Recovery for Civil Engineers

(THE SUNDAY STAR, 14 Sep 86) ....eceseeeseveceene se eeeeee

Bread Price Increases Effective 1 Oct

(SAPA, 25 Sep 86) .cccsccceccccsncccccrcccccccsersccsccces

Norwegian Shippers: Fewer Ships Call at Ports

Briefs

(Grete De Lange; AFTENPOSTEN, 8 Jul 86) ......ceeeeceeeee

Sharp Rise in Indian Jobless
Investment Talks in Mauritius

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

/9986

Briefs

Domestically Manufactured Explosives Detector Described
(PARATUS, Sep 86) ...

First Magnetic Resonance Scanner Installed
New Technology at Gold Plant

110

111

113

115
115

116

118
118


SOUTH AFRICA

SANCA FEARS GENERATION OF BLACK DRUG ADDICTS, ALCOHOLICS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Sep 86 p 12

[Text] The closure of black schools could create a generation of alcohol and
drug addicts,

Welfare workers are concerned that there will be a massive upsurge in already
grave social problems, particularly alcohol and drug abuse, of black commun-
ities.

They are finding it difficult to provide existing services which are seriously
inadequate, And they say there has been little progress in expanding these
to deal with future demand.

Researchers are investigating the extent of drug abuse among black youth, but
it is known that dagga-smoking and glue-sniffing, often practised by pre-school
children, is increasing.

Alcoholism is a major problem in black urban areas. There are said to be
71,550 male and 15,222 female black alcoholics on the Witwatersrand.

Research has shown that one in every 10 urban black males consumes more than
15 centilitres of absolute alcohol a day and may be an alcoholic,

Because of this, black youths have role models which condone alcoholism,
said Margeret Motumi, development adviser for the national arm of the South
African Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (Sanca).

Limited social services and preventive programmes as well as a general lack of
awareness of the problems of dependence means there are no brakes on youth ex-
perimenting with drugs or aocohol, Mrs Motumi said.

“the youth of 16 who drinks now will be an addict in 10 years' time."

Although there are young people who reject alcoholism in their parents, even
they often succumb to experimenting, Mrs Motumi said.

Field work was becoming increasingly difficult for welfare workers, Their
credibility was questioned and their places of contact with youth, such as
schools, were being thrown into disarray.

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89



that the average cargo unloaded in a minimally equipped port, or even one with
sophisticated equipment is less than 500 tons, with the daily average being
360 tons.

Jose Pinto Machungo further said that plans call for the unloading of the
solidarity ship in 2 weeks, but he believes that the work will be completed in
only 1.

“The port has only one platform at which vessels can tie up, and in addition
it has no substantial infrastructure. Normally it would even be impossible to
move 250 tons. The total achieved is without a doubt an important standard
for the work we hope to carry out in the future,” this official said.

Meanwhile, a source affiliated with the Provincial Reggio-Emilia-Pemba-Cabo
Delgado Friendship Committee source said that the solidarity ship has on board
a 40-ton crane intended for the equipping of the port of Pemba.

In the future, this port will be equipped to handle 350 tons per day
regularly, without needing to mobilize structures unrelated to the operations
of the port.

Visits to Districts

Minister of Defense Alberto Chipande, who went to Pemba to welcome the
solidarity vessel, paid visits in the course of last week to the districts of
Mueda and Mocimboa da Praia and the island of Ibo, within the framework of a
program drafted by the Committee To Welcome the Solidarity Ship.

Alberto Chipande also led a popular gathering in Pemba last Wednesday, at
which he urged the people to participate actively in the process of the second
general elections.

On this occasion, the minister of defense was accompanied by Vice Minister of
Trade Prakash Ratilal, Pemba Executive Council President Rosario Napica, and
Reg gio~Emilia~Pemba~Cabo Delgado Friendship Committee Coordinator Gioseppe
Soncine.

Speaking about the arrival of the solidarity vessel at the port of Pemba,
Chipande said that it will now be necessary to draft an organizational plan
to ensure that the gift carried by the ship reaches the people throughout the
province.

He added that the solidarity ship did not bring products for incompetent
leaders to enjoy, since the legitimate recipients are the people of the
neediest zones in the province.

Alberto Chipande further said that the “Noi Con Voi" project should be

interpreted as it was originally conceived, for the purpose of the development
of the cities of Pemba and Reggio~Emilia.

34


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cient teachers. “In the end,
teachers remain the most po-
tentially powerful group of
change agents,” he said.

Dr Hartshorne pointed out
that “apartheid education” had
been. damaging and destructive
in both the white and black
communities, dividing black
and white children into differ-
ent camps.

“It has generally been au-
thoritarian in nature, in-
fluenced strongly by Christian
National ideology. It has been
marked by strong and often ar-
rogant bureaucratic control
with little freedom for parents,
teachers or pupils — particu-
larly those outside the Broe-
derbond establishment — to
exercise much influence.”

He said it was naive to be
lieve politics could be kept out
of education.

“Education policies, systems ;
and values in any country re-:

flect its political options, its
history and traditions, its
values and mores and, most

. important, its future,” Dr Hart-

shorne said.
_ Private schools and universi-
ties could play a major role, he

96

said, in moving towards post-
apartheid education. He point-
ed out that the so-called “bush
campuses” could be trans-
formed into credible institu-
tions. .

“For example, the Universi-
ty of the Western Cape has de-
veloped from a creature of
apartheid to one of meaning
and relevance.”

SUGGESTED

Pre-primary, adult and
worker education should be
major focuses.

‘The director of the Universi-
ty Preparation Programme,
Mr Fanyana Mazibuko, said it
was essential to start desegre-
gating schools at pre-primary
level.

He suggested that companies
provide non-racial pre-primary
schools.

“This would give companies
the opportunity to improve the
skewed position of pre-school
facilities,” he said.

Mr Mazibuko pointed out
that State schools would be
very difficult to desegregate
“therefore we should focus on
private schools”.


MOZAMBIQUE

LAND DISTRIBUTION IMPROVES CHIBUTO FARM PRODUCTION

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Aug 86 p 3
[Article by Bento Niquice]

[Text] Xai~Xai--The private farmers in the district of Chibuto, in Gaza, said
several days ago that the land distribution process which was launched in the
region in 1982 is producing the desired effects, and has already made it
possible to carry out concrete activities where the battle against hunger is
concerned. The farmers made these statements during an interview granted them
by Governor Francisco Pateguana, during which they presented him with
foodstuffs they had produced.

The meeting took place in the office of the Gaza leader at the headquarters of
the provincial party committee, and it was attended by party and government
officials on various levels. Among those present was the first secretary and
administrator of Chibuto, Bobo Francisco Chissano, who was accompanied by some
of his closest colleagues.

On this occasion, the private farmers of Chibuto presented Governor Pateguana
with a gift of 1 ton of cabbage, 1 ton of tomatoes, 100 kilograms of onions,
60 kilograms of potatoes and considerable quantities of carrots and peppers.

Governor Francisco Pateguana expressed his thanks on this occasion and said
that the gift will be distributed to hospital and children's centers in some
zones of Gaza.

The products presented to Governor Pateguana, we learned on this occasion,
were voluntary contributions from all of the private farmers in Chibuto, and
they were presented to this leader in salute to his recent appointment to his
present post.

Agriculture Shows Progress

Some members of the commission established by the private farmers in Chibuto
said when questioned by NOTICIAS that although difficulties continue to
exist in the purchasing and assignment of resources and production factors,
including both mechanized equipment and draft animals, farm production indices
in the district, particularly this season, have been satisfactory.

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