/9317
csO:

Conducting autopsies after the
Langa tragedy led, inevitably, to
examination of detainees who were
interned at two Port Elizabeth
prisons, St Albans and North End,
under the State of Emergency which.
came into operation on July 21.

Recalling her examinations of,
detainees, she said in her affidavit:
“An inordinately large proportion of
them complained to me that they had
been assaulted by the police. They
presented symptoms consistent with
their complaints, mostly severe
multiple weals, bruising and
swelling.”

Many South Africans have long
suspected that detainees are tortured,
but Orr is the first doctor employed
by the state to present detailed and
comprehensive prima facie evidence

of its existence.
Reflecting on why state doctors

responsible for the medical care of
detainees were disinclined to speak
out, Orr said: "A lot of people in
government service can't see
themselves coping in private practice.
They're afraid if they talk out, they
will lose their jobs, It's a terrible
indictment of the medical profession,
but that is the only reason I can think
of.”

Her comments were made sadly, not
judgementally.

Orr described herself as a politically
aware person but stressed that she was
not a member of any political
organisation and had not been while
she was a student.

She was, however, a member of a
medical student organisation which
went into black and coloured
townships near Cape Town at night to
help the underprivileged residents.

3400/291

56

One of four children, Urr spends
most of her childhood in Pretoria.
Orr recalled of her girlhood: "I was
aware that gross injustices were
perpetrated. It must have been when I
‘was very young. I grew up aware that
some people were treated differently
because of the colour of | their skin.
I knew that it was wrong.”

In her.final year at school she
entered a science olympiad
competition and won a trip to London.
Black and coloured high school
‘scholars were among the prize
winners.

She recalled: "When we were in
London I saw that people of different
colours can live together." She added
with-a note of exasperation: "For
heaven's sake."

She has since received dozens of
letters of support, including one from
more than 70 women doctors and
para-medics. The same women sent to
a letter to the Minister of Law and
Order, Louis Le Grange.

Since giving evidence, Orr has been
forbidden to examine detainees or to
conduct port mortems where police
are involyed. She is now confined to
looking after elderly people in homes
for the aged and the sick in childrens’
homes and in institutions for
handicapped people.

Orr related how she had received a
telephone call from the regional
director of health telling that she had
not been banned from seeing detainees
but that it would be "unwise" for her
to continue doing so because of her
“strained relationship" with the prison
authorities.

She laughed as she spoke. But her
laughter was an expression of
strength, not despair.


JPRS*SSA*85~*116
21 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

AUTHOR PROVIDES CRITICAL VIEW OF MUGABE'S POLICIES
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 18-24 Oct 85 pp 12, 13

[Article by David Caute]

{Text] Six youths iun khaki, two of them armed with AK47 rifles, have been
waiting for the bus under the shade of a mopani tree. Packed tight, its roof
rack overspilling with bundles and boxes, pitching along in a black cloud

of diesel fumes, the bus lurches to a halt as the Youth Brigade spreads
across the dirt road, Madison brand cigarettes dangling from their lips.

In black Zimbabwe, as in white Rhodesia before it, the country bus embodies
the slow, weary submission of the populace to the gun.

Ejected from the bus, the passengers squat submissively on the roadside,
men in front, women and children to the rear. The blue-uniformed Zimbabwe
Republic Police may or may not be on hand, it makes no difference; they
will never intervene when the Zanu (PF) Youth Brigade are at work, or the
Women's League, or the militia, or the Central Intelligence Organisation,
or the Support Unit, or the Special Constbulary, or the ZIP (Zimpolice),
or any of the ruling party's proliferating para-military bodies whose
zealous mission is the detection of "dissidents", enemies of the people,
saboteurs of the coming one-party state.

The six youths work through the male passengers, inspecting their Zanu IPF)
party cards, interrogating suspects, their faces blank with the myth of
politics, the onrush of populist power which gushes out of the scorched earth
recently de-colonised. Only six years ago, at the climax of Rhodesian civil
war, it was white farmers and car salesmen of the Police Researve who were
searching buses for weapons and food parcels in transit to "terrorists".

Now the day belongs to the former "freedom fighters" and their eager younger
brothers. The Youth Brigade collects money and raises clenched fists:
“pamberi neMugabe! Pasi Nkomo!" The passengers frantically echo the slogans.

Tomorrow or the day after Prime Minister Robert Mugabe, President and First
Secretary of the Party, may come campaigning, surrounded by the apparatus
of the state, stiff in his starched safari suit and crisp white collar,

his voice metallic with inexorable Jacobin rationality, staring through
glinting spectacles at the enemies of “unity" as Robespierre stared at the

120



JPRS*SSA~85-
“116
21 November 1985

NIGERIA

U.S. EGYPTIAN AIRLINER INTERCEPTION VIEWED AS AIR PIRACY

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 17 Oct 85 p 1

{Editorial: "American Air Piracy"]

[Text]

THE. interception by American war planes
of an Egyptian airliner conveying the four
Palestinian hijackers of the Italian Cruise
liner (Achille Lauro). ‘last, Friday: ‘is yet
another afrogant display of power by the
United States.

This air piracy occurred “foreing an Egyp-
. tian passenger plane to land at a NATO. air
base in Sicily, in violation of all Known Inter-
national codes of conduct and - decency.
Reports indicate that U.S. President Ronald
Reagan, personally ordered the. action. ‘which
American newspapers welcomed the next
day with screaming headlines like “we bags-
ed the bums”.

The United States government. action*may
do some good to its national pride but it will
neither make innocent Americans safer in in-
ternational travels, nor will it help world
peace.

The. catalogue of United States intimida-
tion and violation of the territorial integrity of
some nations is increasing almost by the day.

/8309

cso: 3400/308

22

From the shooting down of two Libyan.
planes’ over'Libyan tesritory, to the occupa-

tion of: Greneda; the daily destabilisation of
Nicaragua via the mining of its ports, and the

financial assistance to all manners of counter

revolutionaries in Africa, Latin America and

Asia.

We are concerned about this latest act of
piracy not only because of its implications to
‘the peace process in the Middle East but also
because ithas set a dangerous precedence.

The stage is now set and the world will
have to be ready to contend with this new
dimension of piracy.

We sympathise with the Egytians over
this act of hostility-and national humiliation.
But the United States has an apology to
make not only: ‘to Egypt but to the whole
world,

Its action has made it very clear to the
world that there are two types of terrorists:
Those who are fighting for a cause and those
that wage war to défeatit.



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foréign
‘newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency ~
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources:
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained. a
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following. the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. “Where no processing indicator is given, ‘the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar‘ names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded bya ques~
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402. .

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS+SSA+85=116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

INDIAN FARMERS IN INANDA OPT TO BECOME KWAZULU CITIZENS

Durban POST NATAL in English 16-19 Oct 85 p 3

[Article by Khalil Aniff]

[Text]

19317

INDIAN farmers in Inanda and
Tongaat would rather become cit-
izens of KwaZulu than have their
properties expropriated under the.
new consolidation plans for.
Natal-KwaZulu regions. ;

‘This submission is contained in a 10-
page memorandum which will be hand-
.ed to the Government-appointed Com-
mission for Co-Operation and Develop:
ment when it meets in Durban’s on Fri-

lay.

The memorandum was prepared by ‘
‘the 1800-strong Natal Indian Cane-
growers’ Association and endorsed by
farmers and lessors of properties in
three Inanda areas of Groneberg, Inan- ;
da Tea Estate, Buffelsdraal.and Ton- ;
gaat’s Emona area. Q

More than ‘600 sugar and vegetable

} farmers are on the verge of losing their -

| properties as a result of the consolida- °
tion proposals. .

| Also affected by the planned demar-

j cation is the Indian suburb of Vanrova -

| in Tongaat, which has 118 homes. 4

'

Residents there have also vowed to *
fight to save their properties. a
“We have held a series of meetings

cso: 3400/290

116

{ with farmers and almost
‘ all are willing to become
| citizens of KwaZulu rath-
* er than lose their proper-.
| ties. This Is one of our
{ strongest submissions in
\the memorandum,” Mr’
Yellan Chinsamy, vice-,
chairman of the Cane-
growers’ Association, ,
said this week.

More than 100 farmers
and their families — be-.
tween 500 to 600 people
— are also affected in the
Emona area. ‘

r
Leasehold ©
In Inanda’s Tea Estate,
Gronebérg and Buffels-;
draai areas, between 300
to 400 farmers will be af-’
fected, beside the hun-
dreds of leasehold prop-
erties owners and ten-'
; ants. . Ff
| Mr Chinsamy said be-:
1 tween 50 and 60 farmers,
' who own 3500 hectares in,
; the Port Shepstone area,:
+ face a similar problem.


ANNIVERSARY OF BLACK WEDNESDAY REMEMBERED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 18 Oct 85 p 6

[Article by Themba Molefe in ‘Focus' column]

[Text]

Tomorrow — the
eighth anniversary of
Black Wednesday,
October 19, 1977 —
the world will remem-
ber the day when a
leaf was torn out of
South. African history
books. It was this day
when, with the stroke’
‘of the ministerial pen,
Black Consciousness, -
the spirit of black na-
tionalism was decreed
dead. é

‘The’ metaphoric use:
by journalists of “Black
Wednesday” sticks in’
the mind, for 18 organi-
sations and. two black
newspapers, The World

,and The Weekend:

World, were banned by,

. the then Minister of Jus- :

tice, Mr Jimmy Kruger. +

That day was the cli-
max to a steady count-!

* down from Soweto June

16, 1976, to the sudden,
if monstrous death of
Black Consciousness
leader, Steve Biko, on,
September 12, 1977,

65

JPRS“SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Mr Jimmy Kruger

“thought he had had

enough of the united
black voice.
The then Prime

‘Minister himself, Mr

John Vorster, was
caught in the spirit and
backed Mr Kruger.

Mr Kruger’s words
still ring in memory,
from the blood curdling
“it leaves me cold” to
others announcing the
death of Black Con-
sciousness.

He said: “The publi-
cations and organisa-

“tions banned had been

acted against because in-

' vestigations showed

they endangered the
maintenance of public
order . . . the Govern-
ment action was related
to sporadic unrest
throughout the country
since last year (1976 in
this case) which had
been the work of a small
leader group.”

Mr Kruger was refer-
“ting to the Black Peo-
. ple’s Convention, the

South African Students



19317
cso:

We havé been force-fed propagan-

distic information about the ANC for,
more than 20 years, Is it a sin then to.
gather first-hand information?

- How ironic that not only business-
men and the PFP have had talks with
the ANC without being stopped, but
also newspapermen from Govern-
ment- @ newspapers such as
Beeld and Die Vaderland,

When eight hopeful and sincere (al-
;belt slightly idealistic). Stellenbosch
|students wish to take a step towards
-fneaningful discussions, however, the!
sheavy hand of. the Govérnment de-;
scends swiftly. *

The response to the action of with-
drawing the students’ passports was
astounding. Known Government sup-
Porters among the students criticised

step heavily. A motion of support
}for the proposed talks was carried by
+ 88 votes to 16 in the normally staid and:
moderate student parliament. a
A motion of no confidence in Presi-’
{dent P W Botha as chancellor of the
‘ university was withdrawn only after
‘the rector had an in-camera talk of
almost an hour with the members of
the student parliament.
“On the Ides of March, 1984, the then
editor of Die Matie, Miss Corinne Oost-

3400/294

huizen, wrote that the new chancellor
vof the university was too much of a
»political gare. She was temporarily
led from her position.

> After 18 raonths the issue is suddenly
in the forefront again —- all because the
rights of frée association and freedom
of movement have been denied eight.
well-meaning students.

The members of the group are still
convinced that young Afrikaners
:should talk to the ANC Youth.
© Let us not repeat previous mistakes
‘by driving people to further radicalism
‘and violence by denying them the
means of negotiation.

The reformist rhetoric and well-
meant moves of the Government are
‘unfortunately belied by foot-in-mouth
actions like these.

There are only two roads open for
the future of our country — negotiation
or confrontation. Why then deny the
teffort to opt for the former?
© The eight students who wanted to go
to Lusaka are a far cry from rebellious
radicals. What a pity that they should
have been denied the chance to plant a
seed of hope for a negotiated peaceful -
future rat than one of escalating
violence.

After all, the future fs ours.

76



JPRS*SSA+854116
21 November 1985

[White] A crucial thing now could be what the Americans make of all this,
after all the Americans do give Liberia an awful lot of money. A team of
observers was sent to view the elections. Is it known what they think about
it all?

[Powers] The Americans did send a team of eight or nine observers out in
various locations around the country and came back with the impression that at
least for the voting process itself, things seemed to go pretty smoothly.

[White] But they haven't said anything at all about what happened since?

[Powers] They have made no official statement about what has happened since,
but it has been learned that they are watching the situation with great
interest.

[White] You yourself have been out and about outside Monrovia. Are people a
bit disturbed outside Monrovia?

[Powers] Well, I took a trip this weekend up to the Nimba country, which is
basically a stronghold of Jackson Doe's Liberia Action Party, and fairly
reliable estimates there suggest that Nimba County went about 95 percent for
Jackson Doe. Interestingly, it is the votes in Nimba County that are alleged
to have been burned over the weekend at a town about 60 miles outside
Monrovia.

{White] When is any kind of official results going to be announced, is that
known yet?

[Powers] Well, there are rumours about that there might be some announcement
by this weekend or perhaps on Tuesday. In [name indistinct], the commissioner
has said that he will take the full 15 days allotted him by law to announce
the results. So that would mean on the 30th of October.

[White] If, as you say, the election is being rigged, is there anything at
all to stop Head of State Doe getting away with it?

[Powers] That seems to be the major question in Monrovia at the moment. I
think it's fair to say that the Liberian Government, Samuel Doe's government,
must be cognizant of the fact that continued United States financial aid is
dependent on the perception of these elections being carried out freely and
fairly. Now, I think most people believe that the elections process itself,
that is the vote that was taken on election day, was probably as fair as it
could be under the circumstances. However, it appears at this stage as if the
counting process, the process by which the votes are tabulated and the results
are announced, has fallen under a great deal of suspicion.

12



They are said to be arguing, among others, that ruthless army action in
Matabeleland has done nothing to cut support for Zapu, as the July general
election for blacks evinced, Zimbabwean troops' experience in Mozambique
to help Frelimo fight the MNR has shown the proportions dissident activity
could take in Zimbabwe (perhaps with a little help from Pretoria). And
there is little prospect of effective development and progress to socialism
if the country is divided.

There are other factors as well. Western governments are, say sources,
none too keen. to have a-leaky Matabeleland-Transvaal border as the South
African situation hots up. A number of Zimbabwe's friends in the world
socialist movement do not want problems with Nkoma.to stand between them
and a warm embrace of Mugabe. And, it is unfitting for the new leader of
the non-aligned movement, which Mugabe now is, to have a bloody corner
in his backyard.

But, within the ruling party are other powerful figures who might have a
lot to lose through unity -- notably their ability to.credibly claim to
represent. the people of Matabeleland.

Forhis part, Nkomo is said by party colleagues to be bitterly disillusioned
and ready to deal at almost any price. That portion of his party which is
not in detention is in tatters. He: wants out, and a peaceful, honourable
retirement.

But the dissident violence is unlikely to stop if and when plum jobs are
given Nkomo and co. Rather, peace is likely to dépend more on an amnesty
for dissidents and the release from detention of former Zipra guerrilla
leaders Dumiso Dabengwa and Lookout Masuku.

While rank and file Leftwingers in Zanu (PF) and Zapu have pushed most
consistently for unity, the kind of. rapprochment now in prospect :would

be a victory more for the Right and centre of the two.parties than for the
Left.

"The rpospect is a bourgeois coalition, which reduces -the dynamic purely
to one of competition between the two sets of. leaderships and the patronage
they can dispense among their followers.

"On the other hand, the Left would prefer the basis of an alliance to be a
common programme," said a Zapu source.

“OQur situation has served only to emphasize the danger of trying to skip
stages artifically. There's not a hope in hell we can build socialism

in this country without first crafting the bricks of unity and d democracy, a
he added.

/12828
€sO: 3400/303

125



But, there has been no real intervention in the industrial sector, which has
had its ups and downs since independence but is still experiencing higher
volume outputs than in UDI days. What has not changed is the shortage of
foreign currency for machinery and parts.

In the commercial sector, apart from a few.price controls, "market forces"
have been allowed to develop with little hindrance. The indexed value

of retail trade is three times higher than it was between 1975 and 1978
under Smith.

While there have been some joint ventures. in tourism and: hotels, banking and
publishing, these again do. not amount to, restructuring. ..And the creation of
various development financing and marketing bodies--like ‘the minerals marketing
corporation, which markets. all Zimbabwe's mining production--indicates the .
government's desire to influence indirectly rather than intervene directly.

The collective co-operative movement, comprising largely former guerrillas,
struggles on against enormous odds. It still lacks a composite legal and
aid framework within which to flourish, and: constitutes no challenge at all
to capitalist production.

Although industrial and agricultural workers have enjoyed several statutory
wage increases since independence, ‘they have probably benefited least at
this stage. Their cost of living has risen faster than for higher income
groups. And the trade union movement has been an unmitigated disaster

and boil of corruption for much of the post-independence period.

The economic and social benefits which have accrued to so many other black
Zimbabweans--the bureaucratic and business petit bourgeoisie as well as the
peasantry--appear to result mainly from the lifting of political, social
and economic restrictions to them.

“The brakes have been taken off; the engine has not been overhauled," said
the agriculturalist.

When that overhaul will start--perhaps whether it ever will--is a question
that is unlikely to be: answered -much before the 1990s.

/12828

Cso: 3400/303 END

131



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

WHITES INCREASING AS VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE
Johannesburg THE SOWETAN in English 21 Oct 85 p 6

[Text] The type of violence that has become part of our lives in the town-
ships, and seen by whites only on their colour television screens, came to
the streets of Joharinesburg with an explosive impact.

If anybody is still convinced that the state of emergency has restored
stability, then they must be exceptionally thick headed.

The drama in Johannesburg is played out with horrible regularity in places
like Soweto and the Cape Peninsula. Most whites, probably with justification,
believed these things were happening in another world.

The average white can be excused for this delusion, the Government, especially
the State President's office, cannot.

Whites in the Cape Peninsula have been catching some of the flak. Very few
of them, who saw the savage anger that translates itself into mayhem of all
sorts, can forget the experience. Several shopkeepers in Johannesburg
will never be the same again after Friday's. violence.

Shop assistants in one Johannesburg shop tell as to how their white employer
was paralysed with fear when looters stormed into the place. They say the
white kept on whimpering: "What shall we do now? What shall we do now?"

They tactfully reminded her of the times when they asked to be released
early as they feared similar acts of violence back home. They claim with
some certainty that this was one white person who now knew what was
happening in her country.

We say that employer does not know half the story. We blacks, Africans,
coloureds and Indians, have to live with this type of hell every other day.

We are not at all puzzled by the inaction, the inability to grasp the

enormity of the chaos,.by Mr Botha. He had been deluded to think that he
was in control. White South Africa must take the blame for this.

71



JPRS+SSA*85°116
21 November 1985

NIGERIA

INTERNAL AFFAIRS MINISTER ON BORDER POLICING

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 8 Oct 85 p 2

[Text]

18309

— Shagaya
‘THE Minister of Inter-
nal. Affairs, Lt.-Col.
John ‘Shagaya, said_in
t country’s
tata borders cannot be

He said that about 900
newlyecruited immigra-

cso: 3400/309

29

tion: officers were cur-

train-

_ Tently undergoing
ing id Kano, adding that
: 1988 the immigration
‘ s a

" ereased by 3,000 to en-
‘gure its effective  per-

formance. .

., Lt.-Col. Shagaya said
that the nature of.
the country’s land ‘bor-

E



JPRS“SSA+85~116
21 November 1985

The conference said iconscription compelled thousands of young South
Africans to fight a futile war in South West Africa and against fellow
South Africans inside the country's borders.

Men who were conscripted were required to assist in the defence of apar-
theid policies, while those who refused military service faced the choice
of a life of exile or penalties of up to six years in prison.--Sapa

TV Reflects Blacks Badly
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Oct 85 p 15
[Text] Bloemfontein--Concern at SABC-TV's and other media tendency "to
promote incidents that tended to reflect an unfavourable image of Black
people" was expressed by the Methodist Church conference yesterday.

It was also believed that violence featured too prominently in the
entertainment programmes of SABC-TV.

The easy availability of home videos that depicted explicit extra-marital

sex and violence as a normal way of life, as well as the increased circula-
tion of such films commercially was also viewed with concern.--Sapa

/9317
cso: 3400/285

100



contain the situation. Many of the recommendations of

the IMF coincided with Government thinking. Conse-

quently, there were no ‘difficulties in reaching agree-
ment with the Fund staff on such measures. which
included:-

~ réduction in the aggregate public expenditure par-
ticularly in the size of the budget deficit;

— introduction of greater budgetary d'scipline;

—_ review of on-going projects with a view to.determin-
ing their priorities;

— reduction in grants, subventions and loans to
parastatals; :

— classification of parastatals into ~‘‘social” ‘and
“economic” activities for purposes of restructuring
them to achieve cost-effectiveness, accountability
and, for economic parastatals, profitability;

— stoppage of non:statutory transfers to State
Governments; :
— Simplification and rationalisation of Customs tariffs;
-- upward review of interest rates and reduction in the
:Sectoral allocation of credit;
= phased removal of subsidies on fertilizer;
~ vigorous export drive to broaden the export base;
-- review of industrial incentives and policy including
the abolition of the Approved User Scheme;
— adjustment of producer prices of agricultural com-
modities;
— Strict external debt control and management; and
— improvement in the operational efficiency of
revenue collection agencies such as the Department
of Customs & Excise and Inland Revenue
8. The agreement reached between Nigerian and the
IMF on these measurers were, however, in principle on-
ly. The details of these measures could not be worked
out as the negotiations could not advance to the stage
of establishing performance criteria. All the same, the
Nigerian government went ahead and implemented
most of these measures, believing them to be in the
overall interest of the economy.

36



JPRS*SSA*85+116
21 November 1985

' SOUTH AFRICA

WOMAN FOR PEACE SURVEY +:

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Oct 85 p14

[Article by Gary van Staden]

[Text] -

‘The Government is to blame for the’

unrest and there .is profound anger
over the presence of the SA Defence -

"As regards the major findings re~
spondents were asked to state in
their own words what they believed

Force in the townships —.and that is} ‘ to be the major cause of the township
‘the majority opinion of township res-' unrest. The results of the open-ended
idents themselves according to a re- question produced 44 percent who
cent survey. ! blamed apartheid and discriminatory -.

Woman for Peace, a Houghton
based organisation, conducted tle
survey during August of this year.

laws, while 31 percent mentioned ‘in-
ferior education. :
Other largé percentages went to

and the findings are based on a sam- “oppressive Government policies”
ple of 440 replies to survey question-: | (28) and the presence of the army and
naires: fon : police in the townships (20).

The major findings of the survey | Other causes listed by respondents
were: a oe were (j tage in brackets); lack

‘A total opposition to apartheid.
Strong resentment over black:

ente of the army in black townships.
@ Police actions under the state of,

emergency were condemned. .  :
@ Inferior and unequal education

continues to be a major grievance.
@A strong call for influx control

: to be abolished.

Other findings included a clear call

61

of equal rights (17); unemployment
:(15); economic situation and wage

-exclusion from Government. / 1 discrimination (12), poor housing (10);
@ The Government is to blame for and influx control (6). .
the current unrest. ; On the issue of the army in the:
@A profound anger over the pres- townships a massive 90 said

:they opposed to the SADF presence
while 7 percent said they were in fa-
vour. There was less opposition to the
police force but the feeling of 76 per-
cent of the respondents was that its
presence was too strong. Some
19 percent said they were in favour,
‘of such a presence.

“for equal rights, for detention without In a related question 89 percent of
trial to be abolished and a condem- respondents said they felt threatened
-nation of the lack of communication by the army and 77 percent felt the
between black and white leaders. same about the police. Respectively,



IPRS*SSA+85«116
21 November 1985

NIGERIA

COMMENTARY ON MOROCCO'S REQUEST ON SDAR ISSUE
4B270920 Lagos Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 26 Oct 85
[Commentary by Alex Ikenyawu]

[Text] The Western Sahara issue, prior to the OAU recognition of the SDAR,
had always been a thorn in the flesh of African states. Even after the OAU
recognition of SDAR, the issue is far from settled. There are two reasons for
this. The first is that fighting is still going on in Western Sahara between
Morocco and the Polisario Front. Secondly, the Kingdom of Morocco, a founding
member of the OAU, has withdrawn her membership of the continental organiza-
tion.

Western Sahara has been a source of concern to the international community
since Spain withdrew from the territory without handing it over either to
Morocco or the Polisario. This led to the outbreak of war between the two
contending parties for the control of the phosphate-rich desert territory.
Efforts of the OAU to resolve the issue amicably proved abortive. In the
process it led to the disruption of two OAU summits and threatened its very
existence. The deadlock has remained even after the SDAR was admitted as a
member of the OAU at its 20th summit in Addis Ababa last year.

Now, a new element has been introduced to the Western Sahara conflict at the

insistance of Morocco. In a special message to President Ibrahim Babangida,

King Hassan expressed Morocco's readiness to declare a cease-fire in the war-
torn territory. He also disclosed his country's desire to hold a referendum

in the territory under the auspices of the United Nations. King Hassan then

asked for Nigeria's assistance in resolving the Western Sahara dispute.

Morocco's new stand on the Sahara conflict represents a remarkable policy
shift toward peaceful resolution of the conflict. This is because the
impression has been that Morocco holds the key to peace in Western Sahara.
How would Nigeria come into the picture of this new development? To begin
with, it is common knowledge that Nigeria cannot be said to be neutral in the
Saharan conflict following her withdrawal from the OAU Implementation
Committee on Western Sahara and the recognition of the SDAR. But while the
status quo remains, Nigeria can take the initiative and work toward the
implementation of the cease-fire proposed by Morocco and the holding of a
referendum to determine the true wishes and aspirations of the Saharan people.

32



19317
cso:

" @ For about nine months in 1978,
the authorities conducted police raids
against non-Tswanas. These raids
became so violent that the leaders of
the other "homelands", embarrassed
by the publicity given to the excesses,
sent a delegation to then-Ministet Piet
Koornhof.

@ South African government
pressure léd to the temporary
cessation of these raids,and a less high-
profile campaign.

There followed a period where non-
Tswanas were denied access to the
bureaucracy. Applications for
citizenship and residency were turned
down, passes were not renewed or
given, work seeker permits and other
necessary documents were denied.

Bophuthatswana government
ministers described these people as a
“cancer which had to be cut out".

@ Finally, the Bophuthatswana
government amended the Land
Control Act in such a way as
to make it effectively illegal for all but
citizens and those with valid residency

permits to be resident in the-

homeland.

3400/291

64



IPRS“SSA+85+116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RELIGIOUS LEADERS STRESS NATION'S RELIGIOUS COHESIVENESS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 17 Oct 85 p 16

{Article by Hannes de Wet]

[Text] . . .. “There js no single body to bind them
The potential of religion as a cohesive together, in other words no
force between the various groups in _c0-ordirlation. We do have the South
South Africa is an ideal that would not. ‘ African Council of Churches, but the
easily be attained. A leader with . Afrikaans churches are not members of
charisma and vision would be needed to _the council.”
convince the country’s Christians that Asked what the chances were that all
their common beliefs are more the country’s Christians could be united
important than their dogmatic through such a single body, Professor
differences, Heyns said:

This is the view of church leaders who “Tt will not happen easily. There are
have been approached for comment on: deep, even radical, dogmatic differences
the findings of a working committee of between some churches which they feel
the Human Sciences Research Couneil very strongly about. The traditional
(HSRC). churches are especially unbending in

The findings, published on Monday, . this regard.”
formed part of the HSRC investigation How could the ideal of a cohesive
into intergroup relations and social Christian force be achieved?
change in South Africa. - “What's needed,” said Professor
“According to the committee of | Heyns, “is a leader with charisma,
researchers religion in South Africa was _ Vision and the ability to bind Christians
the single largest factor between the together by emphasising their broader
various groups in the country and had common Christian values.
the potential to be one of the strongest . “I’m thinking of values such as
cohesive forces in a deeply segmented justice, peace and love which overrides
‘society. dogmatic differences.”

* ‘The 1980 census had shown that 77 The Rev BK Dlula, a leading figure
percent of all South Africans claimed, in the Congregational Church, agreed.
‘nominally at least, to be Christiaan, “Religious: groups, especially those
‘+ But this “untapped” potential, the. among the main traditional churches,
committee said, remained inactive with . .are holding very tight to their dogmas.
the result that religion often played’a -: To untangle that would be extremely
‘divisive rather than a cohesive role. _ difficult and would take a lot of time.
; The reason for this, said Professor . “I agree a visionary leader would be
Johan Heyns, Moderator ‘of the “ needed’ to convince the country’s’
Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk in: Christians that they all belong together.
Northern Transvaal, was that the But if it could be achieved many
different church groups were extremely barriers would fall by the wayside,” Rev
fragmented. Diula said. 1

/9317

cso: 3400/288

101



"I told them I wanted to vote for the bull (the Zapu symbol)," reported
a farmer prosperous enought to own a car. “They told me, 'No, this is a
one-party state'." Learning of this the Zapu district chairman, Mike
Mpofu, had tried to enter the polling station but was turned back. At
least 60 voters had decided to make their way to Nkayi.and.vote there on
the following day.

By chance I came. upon confirmation of this story in the shape of a signed
letter sent to Zapu's executive in Bulawayo by personal messenger. In the
event Zapu took the constituency by 25 874 votes to 760.

Here is the testimony of a Zapu businessman who urged me to print his

name and locality, but with more honour than prudence. ..I shall call him
Edgar. In January 1983 the Fifth Brigade arrived in his.area of Tsholotsho,
burned shops and houses, -and launched a reign of terror. ‘Bodies were dis-
played to assembled schoolchildren (an old gambit of the Rhodesian security
forces):

"This is a dissident."

In May 1983 Edgar was arrested by the CIO and taken to Stops Camp where he
was flung into a cell with 20.others, beaten and subjected-to. electric
torture.

In March 1984 he was again arrested at his shop in Bulawayo. This time his
interment, lasted from only 9pm to 5am but he endured a terrible beating.
He took the case to a lawyer, with a doctor's certificate and photographs
of his lacerated body, but got nowhere.

I am now a Zapu man myself. I don't trust Nkomo. His leadership is both
opportunistic and sterile, his rhetoric on the problem of armed dissidence,
disingenuous. In 1982, at least.3,000 former Zipra freedom fighters deserted
the National Army in fear and fury, carrying their weapons. with them.

Many embarked on a compaign of killing and terror -- hence the deaths of
over 60 members of white farming families (leaving vast, deserted stretches
of viable commercial ranching land up for sale), the murder of government
officials, and the fear which underlies the brutality, rape and butchery
handed out by the Shona Fifth Brigade in hostile terrain.

Nothing can excuse the terror that Mugabe has inflicted on Matabeleland,
but to pretend that dissidents don't exist, or are agents of a Machiavellian
government, defies the historical record and insults the intelligence.

In many respects, I admire Mugabe's government, particularly its crash
health and education, programmes, its minimum wage legislation, its early
(through Largely aborted) attempts at land reform, and the dignity it has
brought to the people after 90 years of colonialism.

123



PORT AUTHORITY ANNOUNCES ‘MASSIVE LAY-OFFS

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 17 Oct 85 p 9

[Text ]

/8309

SIERRA Leone’s
debt-ridden ports Au-
thority has sacked 1,340
workers from managers
to clerks, General Mana-
ger, W.M. Melling said
in Freetown on Tuesday,
- He told newsmen that
the dismissed employees
were paid around 84,000
dollars (about 476,000)
in benefits, adding that
some of the remaining
1,800 workers could be
sacked in the. next two
months.

Mr. Melling said. that
the dismissals were ne-
cessitated by the author-
ity’s rising debt.

. Sierra Leone’s ports
Authority is run by the

British-owned «- m- ..

pany, Warportman In-
ternational.

Meanwhile prices of

pétrol. and ‘petroleum
products in Zambia were
doubled Tuesday, the
Zambia Industrial ‘and
Mining ~ Corporation
announcéd in Lusaka.

Premium Petrol .now
costs 56" cents (about
50k) a litre, op from, 28
fants {about ik). Regu-

petrol has gone uy:
from 26 cents about
re to 51 cents (about
46k), and diesel from ‘18
cents (about 16k to 35
cents (about 32k).

CSO: 3400/349

* ‘The increases were

caused mainly ‘by last
week’s deyaluation of
the Zambian Kwacha

which is now aged at
5,01 to the us. ollar,
down from an_ official
rate of about 2.30 to the
sets hes greatly in

is greatly in-
creased the cost of im-
porting crude oil for

processing at Zambia’s
local indigenous oil refin-

hy

¢ devaluation has

also caused air fares to

more than double. More

price Tises are in store for
ibians as the higher

fost of imports begins to

42

IJPRS*SSA*85~116
21 November 1985

SIERRA LEONE


JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETO YOUTH CONGRESS WILL FIGHT THUGS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in ‘English 23 Oct 85 p 4

[Text] THE Soweto Youth |] : sae
| with the unrest in the i
Congress has declared . trouble-torn townships, || j } eee thee there
'waron thugs who has caused concern. Yare other elements in-
have been molesting among residents and | _ volved, and encouraging’
the black community students feel “this kind * anarchy io our Neue
since the unrest of thing has to be eradi- | ships.”
started. cated.” The leader said for- |
These thugs have ha- ‘ The student leader’ * mer members of the
tassed residents claim- told The SOWETAN ‘banned Cosas, together
ing to represent student yesterday they received with the Soweto Youth
organisations. : {reports from Jabavu that} | Congress, have resolved ~
Thugs and irrespon- } F two young women were | i to convene a meeting at
sible youths, masquer- ' } attacked in their homes, © “avenue to bean-
ading as student rep- : robbed of money and ; Nounced to discuss these
resentatives, have taken | sexually assaulted in full : * issues.
advantage of the unr :-view of their parents.
in the townships by ha- yoo The hugs d People who have
rassing residents, ra ing | + The gang of t gs de complaints may report
women and robbing ¢ manded a protection fee at the Methodist Church
them of groceries : ing 3 : from them after claim- Centre, Soweto, or the
money, a student sai oh ying that they were mem: ' Offices of Priscilla Jana
yesterday. j bers of Cosas wishing to ; and Associates, 41 Com-
"The thugs have also “help residents against | | missioner Street, Johan-
gone on house-to-house * “bad elements”. nesburg.
raids in Central Western “We have since ap:
Jabavu, Soweto, asking ‘ . Proached the families of *
either donations or # some of the culprits and
“protection fee” from © have decided not to take |
residents after claiming j action against them at |
to be members of the ythis stage, the student
banned Congress of f leader said. a
{South African Students € leader also sid | '
(Cosas), the student that several incidents of.
leader continued: » assault, robbery and |
= There have beend a mayhem might be occur- ;
widespread reports from ; ring in the townships ’
frustrated residexits that | ‘without being reported |
youths harass them, de- A tothe authorities. if
;prive them of their gro- , “We are appealing to j
feeries — in some in- : ++ residents to repoft such /
' stances people forced to - . incidents because these:
“swallow cooking oil, | », people are taking advan-
washing powder and tage of political organi-
liquids — since the con- - | sations and using them
* sumer boycott started in } to achieve. their. own evil
Soweto a-few months aims. .
ago. “We cannot allow this
‘This matter, coupled kind of thing to happen *
f
/8309 84
cso: 3400/332



The ideological strategy, which is being deployed outside the Soviet Union's
traditional sphere of influence, is said to be aimed at establishing states
with a socialist orientation, or rather, of promoting that orientation in
states following something other than the "people's" path.

Its maritime strategy is said to be aimed at providing the Soviet Navy with
the necessary bases for its deployment all over the world's oceans for reasons
not related solely to training and the building or maintenance of readiness.

What we can say, or rather, deduce from all the above is that in both the West
and the East, geopolitics is indeed a basic and permanent fact of daily life
even if, as is normal, its content and even the angle from which it is
approached differ here and there. JLife--that is, the philosophical notion of
life--is, after all, a question of vocabulary. There is no doubt, however,
that if it faced itself straight on, Africa would see its fragmentary or
complete profile silhouetted against the imaginative backdrop of the patchwork
of either the East's or the West's areas of strategic interest. Are you
saying that one does not escape easily from the shadow of Berlin and Yalta? I
am not putting words in your mouth.

Seeing that Africa's importance has been increased against its will by the
strategies of others, what else can it do except seek to define its own areas
of interest in terms, obviously, of its own personal equation and under the
powerful spotlight of its gradual growth in the direction of unity?

In defining its areas of interest, and despite the shadow with which the East
and the West are covering it, Africa must carefully avoid adopting the ways of
thinkers in the East and West. There are various easily imagined reasons for
this, notably the following:

1. The circumstances of the moment do not entitle anyone to regard Africa as
an ideological entity.

2. For the moment, Africa's defense problems do not seem to be continental in
scope, with a common enemy to be contained or combated by the traditional
conventional methods of the East and the West.

For those reasons and many others as well, it clearly appears that Africa does
not possess the same "trump cards" and is not inspired by the same motivations
as those impelling the East and the West and therefore is not able, in present
conditions, to forge for itself a three-stage strategy with the consistency of
the strategies outlined above.

But geopolitics--"the guide and conscience of the state," as the German Ratzel
defined it--is not the prerogative solely of states in the East and the West.

In this respect, incidentally, African constitutions and the excellent OAU
Charter are real masterpieces abounding in laudable and laudatory intentions.

African states~-all African states--are extremely concerned with safeguarding
their national sovereignty and integrity as well as their independence. In



Battalion Expresses Negative Opinion on IMF Loan
(DAILY TIMES, 15 Oct 85) weceececesecereccceccccnveesenee

SIERRA LEONE

Port Authority Announces Massive Lay-Offs
(THE TRIUMPH, 17 Oct 85) ...eeeeeeee

SOUTH AFRICA

Nation's Falling Fortunes in Regional, Foreign Policies Traced
(John Barratt, Bryan Bench; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Oct 85) ....

Success of Convention Alliance Doubted
(THE SOWETAN, 21 Oct 85) cesesccscccsccececceccveeerecees

PFP Puts Alliance Case at 18 Reef Meetings
(THE STAR, 16 Oct 85) sesseccccceccccvcnccvccscereeeerere

SASJ President Says Nation's Image Damaged by Unrest, Not Press
(THE STAR, 16 Oct 85) ceseescccscccveccvecccccceeseeeeeee

Reporter Describes Mayhem in Johannesburg
(Nkopane Makobane; SOWETAN, 21 Oct 85) ..sseseesseseseeee

Blacks Divided on Whether ANC Should Talk to Government
(Mandla Ndlazi; SOWETAN, 17 Oct 85) .sseceeseeeeveseeeee

Increasing Number of Whites Seek Meeting With ANC
(SOWETAN, 21 Oct 85) seecevccccccccscceccsccesseessvesens

Dr Wendy Orr Discusses Detention Conditions
(Wendy Orr Interview; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 18-24 Oct 85) ....

Dr Wendy Orr's Activities Praised as Courageous
(SOWETAN, 18 Oct 85) .esseecececcscecncevereceeeeeeeeenes

Hendrickse's Statement on National Convention Alliance Challenged
(Ameen Akhalwaya; POST NATAL, 16-19 Oct 85) .....sseeeeeee

Woman for Peace Survey
(Gary van Staden; THE STAR, 15 Oct 85) ...sssseeeeeseeees

Bophuthatswana Drops 'No Squatting' Charges
(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 18-24 Oct 85) sscesecessscececeeceseee

Anniversary of Black Wednesday Remembered
(Themba Molefe; SOWETAN, 18 Oct 85) ..scessseceeecerseeee

SADF Members Awarded Medals
(THE CITIZEN, 26 Oct 85) .sseeccseececsevecceceses

Afrikaans Theologian Sees Black Education as Source of Unrest
(THE STAR, 16 Oct 85) ceseessseccccesceeveoees

-e-

40

42

43

46

49

51

52

53

54

55

57

59

61

63

65

67

68



. The Papers should be submitted in 10 copies and should
reach the Secretary rot later than 18th October, 1985.

Signed: R.N. EZEIFE,
Secretary,
Presidential Committee on IMF Loan, -
Federal Ministry of Finance,
Lagos.

28th September, 1985.

/8309
cso: 3400/306

39



19317
cso:

It is noteworthy that!
the boycott of classes in-
tensified after the decla-
ration of the state of '
emergency in July,

Bands of youths went |
from school to school
disrupting classes, Win-
dows would be smashed
while a class was on,’
teachers threatened with |
violence and in some
cases actually assaulted.”*

Then the hippos
would appear and there
would be general confu-
sion, with pupils running
helter skelter to avoid
tearsmoke.

All this would in the
end result in frustration
for teachers and pupils
alike, ok
Today it has become
“common to see little pri-
mary school children.
running back home from|
school in the morning,
after their classes had
been disrupted. 1

(At Sunday’s SPCC;
meeting, it was resolved
that pre-school! and pri-
mary schools be allowed
to continue running
smoothly).

3400/289

The banning of the‘
; Congress of South Afri-
can Students, Cosas, has
‘resulted in the student
movement having no.
head or tail. Without.
leadership, the . protest
movement has become:
an amorphous mass,’
with. rag-tag groups
Sprouting all over and
assuming leadership. '

The general situation
is one of uncertainty,
frustration and even
fear. One school princi-
pal put his finger on the
dilemma. facing teach-:
ers. ~
‘“I am afraid to go to
school because some
youths have confronted
me and asked me why I
kept on going to school
when no lessons are
going on.

“Some have called me’
a sell-out to my: face.
But I am employed and
have to report for work.
J am in a no-win situa-"
tion,” he said.

Another teacher said
he had been. instructed

70

to draw up a question
paper for the internal
exam but did not know
how to go about it be-
cause the pupils had
been receiving no les-
sons for some time.

A pupil interviewed
said: “We have been
told we are going to
write exams but we
don’t know what we are
going to write because
\there have been no
classes at our school for.
some time.” .

One other teacher
likened the regional of- :
fice of the Det to an os-
ttrich burying its head in:
the sand. “As far as the
regional office is con-
cerned, things ‘are nor-
mal at the schools and
the children must write;
exams,” he said. 4
“ A’ spokesman for the
. regional director's office
| at Booysens said yester~;
day that no final deci-'
.sion had yet been made
concerning the internal
exams, but that the final
matric exams were to,
start on October 25.



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BOYCOTTING STUDENTS MOVE FOR 'ALTERNATIVE' EDUCATION -

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 18-24 Oct 85 p 7

[Article by Jean Le May]

[Text]

"FREEDOM NOW, Education Later"
is the slogan displayed on posters at
student demos and spray-painted on
walls throughout the peninsula these
days,

It makes Carter Ebrahim, Minister
of Education. (House of
Representatives) froth at the mouth,
because it has become the rallying
symbol of alternative education in the
Western Cape.

Although the boycotts started soon
after the State of Emergency was

*; declared in July, the issue then was

solidarity with the UDF and with
detained student leaders (there is no

+ official State of Emergency in the

Cape). Soon, however, the basis of
protest extended to include “gutter
education": alternative education has
been around long before the
emergency, but organised”
programmes started in earnest only,
after July.

‘So: what is alternative education?

Carter Ebrahim sees it as
communist propaganda, pure and
simple. He probably bases his view on
the fact that many of its protagonists
use the work of Brazilian educationist
Paulo Freire as a model — and Paulo
Freire's books are banned in this
country,

79

“ Ebrahim Patel, researcher at the SA

Labour and Development Research
Unit (SALDRU) at the University of
Cape Town, spelled it out from an
academic point of view.

Basically, the student perception of
education was that they rejected the
view that they were "empty vessels
waiting to be filled". A more dynamic
approach was used in alternative
education, .in..which pupils

-participated actively. Instead of

history lessons starting with the
landing of Jan van Riebeeck at the
Cape, an input was expected from
students — many of whom were the
descendants of the ‘San Chieftain
Aotshoma who met Van Riebeeck (the.

history books call him "Harry").

"Just take it from there — what has
happened relatively to the descendants
of the Dutch settlers and the San since
16527 It's the story of Bishopscourt
and Bishop Lavis (a “coloured"
suburb).

“Right from the start, students
question the structure of society,
quantitatively and qualitatively."

Or like this: State education teaches
children about nutritional
requirements for health. How many
kids from Bishop Lavis get the
minimum? How many from



JPRS-

125091

SSA-85-116

21 November 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

18860806 ty.

FBIS

Bere Cp, 4

[
fe

ee

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

""peproouceo ey
| NATIONAL TECHNICAL
, INFORMATION SERVICE

US, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE I

___SPRINGFIELD, VA." 22161 Joo

—_—_———
Approved for public release;
Distribution Unlimited

[DISTRBOTION STATERENT A

bs
Ap



“~The fact that an extended system of

racial classification for all non-white

“groups was implemented in such an

" classification was drawn up

19317
cso:

all-embracing way, while whites were
at no stage so affected, was evidently
one of the friction points in intergroup
relations, the study found. *

To aggravate matters, the system of
white
legislators and implemented by white
officials for the other, population
groups, :

It was not surprising then that the
HSRC committee found that such a
system had caused so much suspicion
and ill-feeling between the groups.

But how realistic is its recommenda-
tion that the law should go? '

If the Government were to do that it
would mean that there would: be no
system in which to categorise each
person with a view to segregated vot-
ing and residential rights. .

3400/287

Without that it would not be possible
to implement the Group Areas Act or a
racially segregated political system,
such as the current tricameral Parlia-
ment.

The Government is prepared to ne-
gotiate any political dispensation
which would accommodate the politi-
cal aspirations of each population
group, provided that minority groups
are in a position to be as autonomous:
as possible.

The principles of group areas, giving
each group the right to its own residen-
tial areas and'schools, are not negotia-
ble, according to the Government.

Obviously, from the Government’s
Point of view, the system of population
classification and registration will not
go.

Each person will continue to be
locked into the specific population
group in which he is born.

And that is something that predict-
ably will be the focus of much angry
argument.

105



If not, the intellectural torpor is more serious than it appears.

The central thrust for ‘these ruling South African elements must be: ditch
racism, concede a variant of liberal democracy; but above all, save capitalism.

For the idealist on the Left, liberal democracy is a terrible defeat.
For more serious types on the Zimbabwean Left, it is an important, albeit
limited, advance on a road to socialism that is proving much longer and more

badly signposted than expected.

/12828
CSO: 3400/303

128



MAURITIUS

Briefs
PLO Relations

MOZAMBIQUE

USSR Steps Up Arms Shipments to Region
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 18 Oct 85) ...

Briefs
Mercenary Dam Scheme
MNR Split
Trade Pact With Moscow
EEC Gives Aid
Bauxite Exploitation
Maputo Promises Help for Peasants

NIGERIA

U.S. Egyptian Airliner Interception Viewed as Air Piracy
(Editorial; THE TRIUMPH, 17 Oct 85) ...ceeeccccsecccccees

Reagan's Sanctions Viewed as Sham
(Eddy Eke; NEW NIGERIAN, 14 Oct 85) ...ccseccccccecceovee

Diplomatic Relations With Israel
(Various sources, various dateS) ..ccsccececeeccccncveces

Bishop of Jos Calls for Renewed Relations,
by Musa M.E. Ajogi

Former Legislator Says No to Relations,
by Sidi H. Ali

Letter Upholds Islamic Fundamentalism Integrity
(Shehu G. Durbunde; THE TRIUMPH, 11 Oct 85) .............

Internal Affairs Minister on Border Policing
(THE TRIUMPH, 8 Oct 85) ...ceseesccceeeeseeesceecesetees

Closer Ties With Burkina Faso Explored
(NEW NIGERIAN, 19 Oct 85) ..cseeeeccseeces see eeesees sees

SWAPO Appreciates Generous Freedom Fighter Aid
(Ibrahim Usman; NEW NIGERIAN, 14 Oct 85) .......eeeeeeeee

Commentary on Morocco's Request on SDAR Issue
(Alex Ikenyawu;. Lagos Domestic Service, 26 Oct 85) ......

Presidential Committee on IMF Loan Press Statement
(NEW NIGERIAN, 12 Oct 85) .cceecccecececcceeseeessereens

17

22

23

24

24
25

27

29

30

31

32

34


[Article by Keith Ross]

FOREIGN INVESTMENT INCREASING IN CISKEI

Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 16 Oct 85 p 1

JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] BISHO — During the past financial year 36 new factories —
representing an investment of R138,7 million — have been at- ;

‘tracted to Ciskei in spite of the economic de

in Southern Africa.

This was disclosed
today by Ciskei’s Minister
_of Finance, Chief M-E P .
Malefane, who added: -
“This represents a poten-
tial increase of 14 146 new
jobs at an average cost of
R8 200 per job in industry
alone.”

Chief Malefane was ad-
dressing a Press confer-
ence at which the annual
report of the Ciskeian
People’s Development
Bank was released.

He said that in spite of
the worldwide disinvest-
ment campaign, not one
of the 46 overseas com- 4
panies in Ciskei had ;
shown any inclination to’
support such moves.

sy “Quite the contrary is i
true,” he said. “If any-%
thing, international inter--;
-est in Ciskei is on the?
increase.

“While several ‘coun-
tries worldwide ,have
taken a very. adamant
stand against the policies
of South Africa, two ma-
jor European firms have

“eommitted themselves to.
*,a joint venture establish-
- ing a R6 million textile

mill in Ciskei.” *:

Chief Malefane said 107;

factories were now oper-

ating in the country...

“They represent a total

investment of R245,2 mil-
lion and provide over

employment,” he said.

“Furthermore, it is a
* fact that at this very

; 22300 people. with '

moment, no fewer than 40

new factories to the value
of R71,2 million are in the
process of being built and
are contractually’ com-

mitted to establishing ©
: themselves: :

“This represents a very:
material vote of confi- :
dence in the economic

future of Ciskei.”

This investment . also

represented a vote of con-
fidence in Ciskei’s policies
of non-discrimination as a
solution to the problems
of Southern Africa.
“When one takes into
account that during the
entire period of current
unrest, when Duncan Vil-’

106.

lage was burning on our
very doorstep and Ciskei’s
factories lost less than a
week of production
through intimidation and
stayaways, then you will
agree that an investment
in this country represents
a real investment in hu-
manity and a bright poli-
tical and economic future -
for the whole of Southern :
Africa,” he said.

“The keys to the stabil-
ity of this sub-continent
lie along the paths of free
enterprise, investment,
mutual growth and devel-
opment, and certainly not
in the violent causes of
disinvestment and revolu-
tion. &

“The former will inevi-

tably ‘bring about peace,
prosperity and a mutual
respect for the rights of
others, irrespective of
their colour, race or
creed, while violence will
only escalate into more
violence, racial hatred,
tension, poverty and
disaster.

pression prevailing


LETTER UPHOLDS ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM INTEGRITY

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 11 Oct 85 p 13

{Article by Shehu G. Durbunde]

[Text]

. 1 AM writing to you
first a3 a-fellow muslim
and citizen based on
which we have some
common interest to share
and defend.

I chose this medium
snot because it is the best,
‘but because the issue in-
volved is a pubfic one.

The issue of fun-
damentalism; and who
actually is a fun-
damentalist is one on
which consensus is hard
to come by.

The term _fun-
damentalism as we have;
it today and as it is by
the Nigerian media an
indeed’ the domint
World Press;. is deliber-
atély introdisced to ridi-
cule, abuse and finally
destroy the immense
global’ strength of what
you and I believe in and
of gourse our (persone.

imply defined, Fun-
damentalism, is “the In-
istence on adhering
to the orthodox inter-
pretation-of one’s rell-
gion or ideas”. I cannot
see anything wrong with
that.

Now, brother, my
point or disagreemént
deals with your dectara-
tion to President Baban-

ida. that, religious fun-

lamentalism by some
people isas a result of the
misunderstanding of the
teachings of Islam” and
that “should the people
understand the teachin,
of Islam thers. should
have been quarrel with
anybody”.

It sounds to fne, as*if
you afe- off-track. of his-
tory otherwise . you
should have known that
you and your organisa-
tidn are beenficiaries of
some other militants’
struggles.

Hee most informed of
this . religion. Prophet
Muhammad AW) to
be __ precisem fought
violently to establish it,
“Were it not for the
militancy and audacity of

shis orthodox caliphs, the

first four to be orthodox-
ly exact, Islam as a reli-

fion must have by now

entered in to his-
tory books as a once

27

IJPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

NIGERIA

upon atime movement in
the peninsula of the
Arabs just as west Afri-
a's Songhai Empire, nas

n.

If my readings are cor-
rect, the Noble Prophet
had to shun all worldly
offers in cash and kind,
including leadership, just
to carry on with the mes-
sage. :

“Who ever amongst
ypu” — said prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W.),

sees an UMiawiuruung,
he should stop it with his
hands (Forcefully) if he
lacks the required
strength he should warn
against it (emphasisin;
ie consequences) _if
he can’t do even that he
should. express his dis-
past in his mind (Allah
jows that) and that is
the least of the faithfuls”.
Most of you would not
ha¥é beén enjoying your
present statuses without

the revolutionary ven-
tures of Shaykh Othman

‘odio.
‘Now back to the coun-



JPRS*SSA+85+116
“21 November 1985

“SOUTH AFRICA

PORT ELIZABETH'S BISHOP CQNDEMNS WHITE IGNORANCE OF BLACK OPPRESSION

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 5 Oct 85 P ‘LL

{Article by Martin Strydom]

[Text]

MANY South African whites have never been into a black
township in their lives, says the Anglican Bishop of Port
Blizabeth, the Rt Rev Bruce Evans, and herein lies the
basis of their ignorance of the black situation.

‘The bishop was expanding on a view expressed in his
recent letter to his diocese that white ignorance of the
“extent of oppression under ‘which black people live is’
unbelievable”. °

He said he entertained overseas visitors who in one day
knew more about the townships, because they visited
them, than some white people who had lived in PE all their
lives.

“Whites are not ignorant by choice, but it is an ignorance
that has been thrust upon them by a system that is
determined to do that.

“Many whites have never sat down and talked to Some of ©
these people who are in the townships — people who have
to put up with Caspirs going down their streets every night
and waking them up; people ‘who live within the sound of
gunfire; with soldiers and policemen banging on their
doors at 3am; where doors are smashed in and teenagers
hunted; where people are being pulled out of their houses ,

and arrested — eight and 10-year-olds arrested and taken '

in”

we appreciate this situation “you have to be there”, he
said.

Many white people he talked to were not even aware *
that the vast majority of people lived in townships without ,
sewerage and in older townships without electricity or
running water.

“These are the normal
emergency.”

Whites did not know about the increasing anger within
the young black person ‘who did not need agitators to stir
him up.

“The very system itself has so politicised him and |
angered him that the increasing hatred. towards white !
people is becoming quite frightening.” ~

The presence of the military and young white soldiers
was destroying the very area where one would hope there .
would be some kind of rapprochement between white «
and black, and that was between young people. .

situations — without the state of

“Many of the young black people I speak to — and 1
mean not just a few, but hundreds — are so angered that
there is an antipathy towards young white people that is
becoming a frightening factor of life.” .

Even older people were also showing anger ina way that
he had not known before and there was a dissipation of
black goodwill as a result of the state of emergency.

One question he said he encountered most from whites
was: “Why don’t they go to school?”

“They don’t go to school because they want an equal,

‘fair, common and central education system, and not the
education that they have been having which has not pre-

pared them for a modern 20th century technological
society.”

He said for anyone to say the education system was
equal was to be naive or deceitful.

“There’s no way someone can say they have the same
education when the State spends six or seven times as
much on a white child as it does on a black child.

“Bducation is not just school books, it’s a system, and the
only way for equal education is when you've got a common
system where people share together in the same facilities.

“Whites don't seem to realise how. deeply a black person
feels the discrimination in education and also the intense
frustration young blacks suffer when their people and
leaders are detained and banned.

“The only way to work off the frustration is in a violent
way and the focus will be education, because that is where
their first antipathy lies. So schools burn.”

It was also not true to say whites supply blacks with
schools, he said. n

“They have supplied them themselves. They pay taxes
too. Until recently blacks paid proportionally higher taxes
than whites, And they pay GST, and fuel tax, and income
tax just like whites do.”

But the real essence of the ignorance among whites, he

11 said, was that they did not want to know.
“[t’s far more comfortable not to know. It’s so strange if
+ you live in an affluent situation with luxury; you don’t want
to know what's going on.

“It breaks into your life. Your whole lifestyle is affected

by it and who wants that?” . .

86



JPRS*SSA*85~116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PARENTS PLEA FOR EXAM DELAY
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 18-24 Oct 85 p7

[Article by Sefako Nyaka]

[Text]
A PROPOSED postponement of year- @ The community and relevant
Soweto wil be discussed tomorrow government departments should be
morning at a meeting between the Ne Parents should rake responsibility
Soweto Crisis Committee (SCC) and in matters affecting their children.

the Department of Education and @ High school examinations were
Training (DET), in erctoria inappropriate at this time and should
Is anc Move the DET delegation will be deferred until the other issues were
: 4 rant resolved. .
be led by the Deputy surinister of DET chief public relations officer,
Bavcation and Training, last weekeed Job Schoeman, said his department

_ r had always been willing to hold
ea meeting organised by the Soweto discussions “with anyone who is

At the meeting, parents discussed inferesred in uplifting education’.
conditions under which they would the “Defence Fore wee acne
eee moves to get pupils back to support of the South African Police in

The eandieic . combating unrest,

arr eitions were thats Force "The Defence Force will continue to

ry " sist the police in protecting the lives

leave the townships and police | assist the p: Protecting the live
© Detained pupil id ih rk sd the black residential areas until the,
should be reledeeds ns nett leaders government of South Africa decides

released. otherwise.”
/9317

cso: 3400/290

81



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

BRIEFS

FORMER MINISTER SENTENCED--Francois Gueret was sentenced to 10 years without
remission on July 31. A magistrate by profession, former agriculture minister,
former high commissioner in charge of state enterprises and joint ventures
economy. Mr. Gueret was accused of an attempt against the internal security

of the state. [Excerpt] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE JOURNAL in English Sep 85 p 26]

EEC COMMUNITY ATD LOAN--An EEC delegation and the CAR Government signed a pro-
gramme for Community assistance on July 18. The CAR will be granted a sum of
70m European Currency Units (ECU), about 2lbn CFA frencs, under the national
financial package within the framework of Lome III Convention (1986-1990)
signed between African, Carribean and Pacific states and the EEC. [Excerpt]
(paris AFRICAN DEFENCE JOURNAL in English Sep 85 p 267

/12851
cso: 3400/300



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SASJ PRESIDENT SAYS NATION'S IMAGE DAMAGED BY UNREST, NOT PRESS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 16 Oct 85 p 9 '

[Text] . 7

“J¢ South Africa's image overseas is being damaged, it is because of
, the upheaval in the townships and not because the Press is report-
ing it. To improve the image, eliminate the unrest, don’t control
newsmen.” .
This was said by the president of the Southern African Society of
Journalists, Mr David Allen, in a statement yesterday. :
.The society was reacting to recent statements by the Minister of
Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange, who said the Government was
> considering introducing measures that would permit only “bona
fide” local and foreign journalists to cover unrest.
The SASJ believed such measures, if introduced, would be an
effective “banning” of people working outside the domain of State-
sanctioned journalism and would hinder their efforts to earn a liv-

ing,

FREELANCE JOURNALISTS
Such proposed measures would have a profound effect on many
foreign newsmen working in South Africa, as well as the large
contingent of local freelance. journalists and the staffs of many
smaller: newspapers who were not members of the Newspaper
Press Union and therefore not signatories to the Police-Press agree-
ment.

“Mr le Grange levels serious allegations against representatives
of the Press and TV which cast considerable doubt on their honesty
and integrity,” Mr Allen said. :

“But the way Mr le Grange has gone about his latest effort to
make life as difficult as possible for media people gives.rise to
serious suspicion regarding his motives. .

“Tf he has the evidence to support his accusations of dishonesty,
why does he couch his claims in such vague generalisations? And if
what these newsmen are alleged to be up to is so serious as to
warrant official intervention, why does he not take the matter to
court? -

“Any system of ‘officially approving’ journalists serves no one’s
interests. It destroys the nation’s credibility, it robs the citizen of his
right to be fully informed, and, worst of all, it undermines the news

‘ media’s first duty: to report the truth.”

19317
CsO: 3400/294

51



[Text]

/9317
cso:

POLICE MAY GUARD BLACK,MATRICS

‘Police protection may
be provided for black
pupils writing their ma-
_ tric examinations in the
trouble areas, says. the
chief of public relations

“at the Department of

Education and Training,

Mr Job Schoeman.
'. The main trouble:
: areas include the Cape,
Soweto and Mamelodi.

Mr Schoeman said

yesterday that special
arrangements were
_being made for pupils
who faced intimidation
because they wished to
write their exams.

Tt was likely that
some schools would
write exams in one cen-
tre to prevent intimida-

‘ tion, he said. .

Although 91 331 pupils
had registered in April
for their final exams,
, the DET expected fewer
‘ would write. on

3400/288

93

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 16 Oct 85 p 19

" BURNT

Last year 84 000 pupils

registered for exams
and 78 300 finally wrote
them.
* Mr Schoeman said
more pupils had been af-
fected by unrest this
year. “In Cradock, for
example, a child was
burnt alive behind some
school buildings,” he
said.

Despite disturbances

in many schools, the ma-_

trie examinations could
not be postponed.

“That would affect al-
most 100000 people.
‘Also, what about those
who wanted to go to uni-
versity next year — they
would not get their re-
sults in time to enrol,”
-he said.

* Although the Trans-
vaal Education Depart-
ment had Stop) con-
ducting supplementary
exams, the DET would
still run these exams in
February/March, © Mr
Schoeman said.

JPRS*“SSA*85~116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



In 1984 Mr Botha was acclaimed for diplomacy and leadership. The sentiments
were echoed in western capitals, who invited the State President. After-
all he had successfully managed the Nkomati Accord; he had convincingly held
a referendum that supported his. tinsel schemes at constitutional development.
He was hailed as the biggest thing to happen to South African leadership
since General Smuts. It was all illusion; all bogus; a spurious bubble of
reform, which has now been effectively pricked.

So South Africa voters and their leaders are mystified. Their little puppets
who faithfully echoed the empty dreams are scared to death.

We have said that violence is non-discriminatory.. We.abhor it in all forms.
It is not until the State President and those who voted him to power note
that this country is in a virtual state of civil war, that real change,
total change, will come about.

/12828
CSO: 3400/304

72



In sending a special message to President Babangida, King Hassan realizes the
crucial role Nigeria can play in bringing about lasting peace in Western
Sahara. The Polisario Front should seriously consider Morocco's proposal
although her UN representative has described it as an attempt to legitimize
Morocco's military occupation. But the most important thing is that Morocco
is now waving an olive branch. This is an opportunity the Polisario Front
should not allow to slip. Both the Saharan and Moroccan people want peace in
the region. Any way it is resolved without further bloodshed, we suppose,
will be most welcome to them. While we keep our fingers crossed for events to
start unfolding in that territory, we sincerely hope that the issue of
referendum once settled will lay to a final rest the explosive political
conflict in Western Sahara. And for this to happen, both Morocco and the
Polisario Front must repose confidence in the body conducting the referendum
and undertake to abide by its outcome.

19599
cso: 3400/326

33



19317
cso:

Some were founded on
wishful thinking, and the
Government was unable or
unwilling to fulfil them.

But what many whites
and most Western govern:
ments apparently failed to
see was that these expecta-
tions were not shared

ually, either in South

rica or by our neighbour-
ing states. .

The perceptions of the.
Government's reform ini;;
tiatives on the part of al-;
most all black leaders were
very different from the:
positive perceptions of
most whites.

Likewise, the .neighbour
governments did not per-
ceive the Lusaka Af y
ment and the Nkomati Ac-
cord in the same light as
many South African whites
and Western governments.

The Frontline States ac-
cepted Nkomati reluctant-
ly and were suspicious of
South African motives.

3400/294

They now believe their
picions were justified. . © {
“The effects of disillusion-
ment and of continued mis-
trust between South Africa
and its neighbours are now
being witnessed at the.
Commonwealth meeting. “'’
The valid arguments of.
South African spokesmen:
‘and of the British Govern-
ment that South African
blacks and the neighbour;

States will be harmed by!

sanctions are being under-.
cut by the unwillingness of
those very people and gov-
ernment ose the
vocates of santions. a
South Africa’s domestic
affairs are now more than
ever inextricably part of its.

Hforeign relations, and vice

versa. Gone are thé days
when we could try to argue
that the Government’s in-
ternal policies were net the
business of outsiders;
the facts of the situation
dictate otherwise.

45

ressures from out-
side are interlinked
with onal and
internal develop-
ments and they
feed each other. It is not a
question of being dictated
to from outside; South Afri-
cans can still, if they have
the will, determine the na-
i ture and pace of the posi-
tive tr mation of our
society. .
But the reasons for the
_ external pressures have to
be understood, and we can-

; Mot ignore the fact that
are having a disastrous ef-
: fect on the Prospects for the
* future of all South Africa.
The actions of business
leaders indicate that ‘they
understand this fully, but
one must ask whether the
Government and many
South African whites yet

accept It.



Thys Cloete is another power-sharer. :

This farmer, who climbs Vryburg’s 250 m-high FM
tower for fun, is old enough to have voted old apart-
heid in 1948 — and indeed he did.

But he has also reached some remarkable conclu-
sions during this election campaign.

“I reckon blacks were not created by the devil,” he
says. "We were all created by one and the same God.

“We must also allow them (the blacks) the right to
exist (bestaansreg),

“As times change, so things change. We must adapt
to circumstances, we must make new plans for new
cirscumstances,” he said.

_Thys will not allow his children. to visit a multira-
cial swimming-pool now, but when the time is ripe, in
id years’ time, he will have no objection.

Flip and Thys are not the only Vryburg farmers in
the process of adapting their racial views to what
they regard as the different realities of the day.

If the by-election results record an NP majori-
ty against Conservative Party efforts to stop the pro-
cess by confronting voters with the spectre of Zim-
babwe and a black majority government, the Govern-
ment need never look over its shoulder again.

The NP’s chief organiser, Mr Andre van Wyk, in
fact thinks that his party is heading for a clear ma-
jority victory over the combined right wing, the CP
and the Herstigte Nasionale Party.

But the CP candidate, Mr Andries Beyers, says his
party “can win”, despite having to contend with an-

_other right-wing candidate.

The HNP candidate, Mr Flippie Venter, says his
party’s canvassing has revealed that the NP will win
the by-election, that the HNP will come second and
the CP third.

Although the NP will definitely benefit from the
collapse of the right-wing election pact in Vryburg, it
is by no means certain that the election results will

‘support Mr van Wyk’s prophecy, based on a first can-
vassing round that covered 70 percent of the constitu-

ency. .

The CP, which has begun a second round of canvas-
sing, is equally confident.

The HNP has not fully canvassed the constituency.
and does not intend to try. ‘

Mafikeng, which falls in Bophuthatswana, is a
thorn in the party’s flesh. | .

Its 2300 South African voters fall in the Vryburg
constituency.

But HNP canvassers, discovering that they have to
knock on the doors of four black families in Mafi-
keng’s integrated suburbs to find one white voter,
have given up the “distasteful” task.

The CP's racial ideology has also rnade it unpopu-
lar in Bophuthatswana, as CP leader, Dr Andries
Treurnicht, discovered when he recently addressed a
rally in Mafikeng.

Not only could the party, for the first time in its
life, not demand the blacks in the audience make -
themselves scarce, Dr Treurnicht and his views were
hooted out. .

114



/9317
cso:

“Modetaté fortes must there-
_fore stand together,” he said.

“ In- Lyndhurst the PFP MPC
for Houghton, Mrs Irene Menell,
called fot an end to the state of
emergency and said political
change was being “disastrously”
handled by the Government.

The Government had to cre-
ate the climate for structures
to establish a legitimate leader-
ship in the country,and whites
would have to “bite the bullet”
and accept majority rule.

She also called for the release
of political detainees and the!
unbanning of the African Na-
tional Congress, saying this
would force that organisation to
sell itself in the political mar-.
ketplace instead of doing exact-*
ly what it wanted without being
held accountable to its own
community. .

At the Bedfordview Civic Cen-
tre, the chairman of the Eden-
vale branch of the PFP, Mr
Graham Gersbach, said that, in
the event of a national conven-
tion being called, the PFP.

would oppose. the participation’
of political groups which advo-~
cated the use of violence or sub-
\version.
: Mr Gersbach said his party:
- was firmly opposed to violence
as a means for change. .
“Mr Douglas Gibson MPC,
leader of the PFP in the Trans-
-vaal, told a meeting in the city
-centre that the National Party
Government had led South Afri-
‘ca into a cul-de-sac. It.was time
the reform process was acce-
‘erated and a government truly

3400/294

50

Fépresentative of all the people
in South Africa elected. .
. Ata meeting in Parkview, Mr
Sam Moss MPC, leader of the
PFP in the Johannesburg mu-
‘nicipal caucus, addressed the
‘issue of reform.
: He pointed-out that there was
‘repression on the one hand and
revolution on the other, and that
the PFP’s plans for a Conven-
tion Alliance would enable ra-
tional people to sit at the confer-
ence table and work out a solu-
tion.

Mr John Simpson said in
Springs that the Convention Alli-

ance movement had been estab-
lished due to the “obvious inabil-
ity of the Government to come
to grips with the realities of the
South African political scene.
“The Government’s obsession
with apartheid is the primary
cause of the current unrest.
“The efforts by the police and
thé army will in the main just
further polarise the rift in our.
society. « .
“What is needed is to involve
all people in this country to for-
mulate a new constitution in
; which all will have equal citi-
zenship in one country.” |
"Mr Peter Soal, PFP MP for
Johannesburg North, said at a
meeting in Rosebank that South
‘ Africa was in the biggest mess
the National Party had ever got
the country into.
“Many of South Africa’s towns
have become mini-Beiruts. The

: whites live out an idyllic exis-

tence, while blacks live in condi-
tions of poverty and squalor in a
state of near siege,” he said. .



JPRS*SSA*85+116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SUCCESS OF CONVENTION ALLIANCE DOUBTED
Johannesburg THE SOWETAN in English 21 Oct 85 p 6
[Article by: Ameen Akhalwaya In "Focus" column]

[Text] Marriage, say people who have experience about such things, is better
the second time around. Well, the Progressive Federal Party and Inkatha
must be hoping it will be better the second time around as they spearhead
the move for the National Convention Alliance.

The first time around, it was a bit of shambles, That was in 1980.

At the time, the President's Council had come into existence, and the
Government was still planning the tricameral Parliament. The PFP and the
Lebour Party had refused to participate in the PC. Africans were excluded,
as they still are.

Late in 1980 a leading Black Sash member started a hush-hush round of
meetings a launch a "convention movement" advocating a national convention
to formulate a new constitution for the country.

Among those who attended preliminary meetings were Bishop Desmond Tutu,
PFP leader Federick van Zyl Slabbert, Inkatha's Dr Oscar Dhlomo and Mr
Gibson Thula, Mr Clarence September and Mr Miley Richards of the Labour
Party, Mrs Joyce Harris of the Black Sash, Dr Essop Jassat and Mr Cassim
Saloojee (then unaffiliated) and Dr Rashid Saloojee of the People's
Candidates in Lenasia.

Meetings

The Azanian People's Organisation and the Natal Indian Congress were invited,
but didn't attend. Dr Nthato Motlana of the Soweto Civic Association was
also said to have attended a meeting, but he strongly denied it.

According to a working paper presented at a preliminary meeting in Johannesburg
in November, 1980, the goal of the convention movement would be to demonstrate,
on as wide.a basis as possible, grassroots support for the idea of a national
convention at which a new and acceptable constitution could be negotiated.

46



IPRS*SSA+85+116
21 November 1985

> SOUTH AFRICA

STUDENT GIVES VIEWS OF STUDENT-ANC MEETING CLAMPDOWN

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English:20:Oct. 85 p 29

[Article by Anton Steenkamp]

[Text]

IN the past few weeks students at the
University of Stellenbosch have suc-
ceeded in giving credibility once
- again to the notion that, on the politi-
cal terrain, Stellenbosch is the lead-
5 ing Afrikaans university in this coun-
ry.

What a pity then that the Govern-
ment has clamped down in such a

heavy-handed way on the bona-fide in-’

tentions of eight students to have talks:
with the ANC Youth League. Hl
The initiative to talk to the ANC:

The ANC is known for the path of
violence it chose to follow via its mili-
tary wing, Umkhonto We Sizwe, after
its banning in 1960. (The fact that they
had tried to negotiate by peaceful
means since 1912 is usually convenient-
yey expressing their will t
expressing their willingness to
enter imo dialogue with the ANC
‘Youth, the students did not express
condonation for the use of violence. On
the contrary, the use of violence would
have been condemned by the students

youth came from a few Stellenboscti: jn Lusaka were the talks allowed to go
students when they learnt of an open: ahead.
invitation to have talks of this kind; ‘When the hand of negotiation is ex-

unconditionally. 4
What is significant is that neither the
students nor the ANC laid down any
conditions for talks whatsoever. The
agenda was open in the real sense of
the word.

tended, only the most insensitive could

be prepared to reject it outright. As
oung Afrikaners, we had hi to

secure a better future by talking,

rather than shooting.

‘That hope has now been denied us.
‘The eight students chosen to go were
representatives of a wide range. of in- The ANC is inet the ie relevant
terest groups and political persuasions political group in Sout! ica. hat
in Stellenbosch — people in leadership why members of the group have in the
sitions on the the Debating past had talks with internal inter
Boclety, the Church Youth Action groups like Inkatha, Azasm and other

(RJA) ‘of the Dutch Reformed Church,
e student newspaper Die Matie and
the current affairs society (SAAK).

‘Their political persuasions differed
and they did not represent a
unthinkingly critical of the Gover
ment :

‘One goal, however, united this group:
the awareness of a need to find a
peaceful. solution to this ‘country’s’
problems and a deep concern for
luture of the country of our birth.

75

student, church and political groups.

‘The fact remains that the ANC en-
joys at least widespread symbolic sup-
port inside and outside SA. It is an
essential part of this country’s future.

By ring the ANC, we will not
make it disappear.

If one has a sore foot and just carries
on walking, pretending it doesn’t exist,
‘one should not be surprised if one sud-
denly finds oneself flat on one’s back’
for no apparent reason.



FIVE WHITE GROUPS JOIN WAR AGAINST RACISM

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Oct 85 p4

[Text]

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cso:

FIVE white organisa-

_ tions have joined forces

to express concern about
the current crisis in the
country.

The organisations,

grouping under the ban.

ner of Concerned Citi- |

zens, have launched a
political campaign aimed
at gaining more white
support to the call for
the dismantling of apart-
heid.

A series of meetings
will be held during the
next two months, and
the first takes place in
Parktown today. The
theme of these meetings
will be “The road to
peace through disman-

‘tling apartheid.”

Among other things,
the Concetned Citizens
are calling for the lifting

of the state of emer- |

gency; release of all po-
litical prisoners and de-
tainees; the SADF troops
to be withdrawn from the
townships; unbanning of

all banned organisa. ©

tions; the scrapping of
all discriminatory laws.

3400/332

The Concerned Citi-,
zens said in a statement
this week: “We wish to
make known to the Gov-
ernment and our fellow
citizens our concern
about the present crisis
and our views on how to
achieve peace, justice

and democracy. |

System

“Apartheid, a system
which deprives the ma- '
jority of — among other |
things — political rep--
resentation, only results
in social conflict. The
only way to achieve last-
ing peace is for all the.
people to decide their
own future through one-
Person-one-vote ina
united South Africa.”

Among bodies rep-
resented in Concerned
Citizens are the Black.
Sash, the Johannesburg
Democratic Action Com-
mittee, the Detainees’
Parents Support Com-
mittee and National
Union of South African
Students. *

85

JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS“SSA~854116
21 November 1985

NIGERIA

BATTALION EXPRESSES NEGATIVE OPINION ON IMF LOAN
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 15 Oct 85 pp 1, 17

[Text] Officers and men of the 35 amphibious battalion of the Nigerian Army,
Calabar, have expressed their opposition to Nigeria taking an IMF loan.

They expressed their views in Calabar in response to a question from the
General Officer Commanding (GOC), 82nd division, Brig. Oladipo Diya, who had
sought to know if they supported the country taking the loan.

Brig. Diya's question followed a plea by a staff sergeant, Ganiyu Lawal, that
members of the battalion be allowed to express their views on the proposed
loan.

They all responded with a deafening "No" when the GOC asked them whether
Nigeria should take the loan.

"Do you know what it means? It means more belt-tightening. That is why you
must be prepared to make sacrifices," Brig. Diya said.

The 82d division GOC said that he had directed the senior officers to embark
on an enlightenment of the soldiers on the IMF issue.

Brig. Diya told them that "A lot of sacrifices will be required from you"
during the 15-month economic emergency declared by President Babangida.

"We should all be prepared so that whatever comes, we have to be ready for it,"
he told the soldiers.

In Owerri, a lecturer at the Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Dr. Ulonma,
Nwigwe, called on the Federal Government to apply caution on the IMF loan
issue.

In an address to the Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT) women leaders' seminar
which opened there on Thursday, Dr. Nwigwe urged the Federal Government to

examine carefully the question of the loan to ensure that Nigerians were not
thrown into

"perpetual misery."



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

REPORTER EXAMINES GOVERNMENT'S STATE STRUCTURE

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 18-24 Oct 85 p 14

[Article by Howard Barel1]

[Text] There are many conspiracy theories about how Rhodesia exited Lancaster
House as Zimbabwe, of which only one, implying Machievellian brillance
within the British Foreign Office, merits any attention.

Now that the pilgrimage to ANC headquarters in Lusaka is becoming vogue and
the "tactics of talks" are taking on a new importance, this. particular
conspiracy theory may. have some relevance to South Africans.

The theory is voiced mainly by the alienated elements of. the Zimbabwe Left--
some of whom worked very hard during the liberation struggle, some of whom
are now in government, others of whom are now in jail, but many of whom

are merely very vocal. what-should-have-beens.

Basically, the theory is that Richard Luce had around him in the late
seventies (thanks to David Owen's earlier brief sojourn as British Foreign
Secretary) a coterie of bright young aides. They were well versed in the
revolutionary classics, were able to exercise brain power rather than
xenophobia over the Rhodesian problem, and were able to carry Margaret
Thatcher and Lord Carrington beyond their prejudice to several intelligent

realisations. .

These young luminaries were able to present a cogent argument that a settle-
ment, even if it resulted in a Mugabe and/or Nkomo government, would still
mean a de facto western-type government in Zimbabwe. This would be. the
result less of any terms of settlement than of conditions on the ground.

These conditions were:

First, that there were within the two wings of the Zimbabwean Liberation
Movement, Zanu and Zapu, no coherent forces for socialism. So, yell as

anyone might about being a Marxist Leninist, there just was not a working

class movement, an ideologically committed communist party or even a clearly
spelt-out programme to constitute an immediate and concrete force for socialism.

126



JPRS=SSA+85+ 116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

UCT STUDY EXAMINES POVERTY DATUM LINE
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 18-24 Oct 85 p 11
[Article by Moira Levy]

[Text] A Cape Town university study has criticised the poverty datum line
as a measure used in determining wages.

Researcher Debbie Budlender, in a paper released last week by the Southern
Africa Labour and Development. Research Unit, has warned that wage negotiators
make a serious mistake by depending on supposedly scientifically calculated
poverty datum lines to set minimum wages.

“Human beings are not plants, for which some might argue that one can calculate
fairly exactly the scientific requirements for existence."

Budlender says of the University of Port Elizabeth's household subsistence
level and Unisa's minimum living level that they "do not secure long-term
survival or insure a family against unfortunate contingencies."

UPE allows R302,35 a month for a coloured family of five in Cape Town.
Unisa calculates R338,65. Of these amounts, R163,02 and R146,96 respectively
are provided to buy food.

"The prices of the various foodstuffs are calculated on the best prices
available, in general those of the cheapest supermarket. Budget economists
recommend that to get the best value for money the consumer should do one
large shopping each month.

"Few workers can follow this advice. They hold down fulltime jobs and have
limited shopping time. They use public transport, which limits the number
of parcels and packets they can carry at any time. They are very rarely
in possession of the large sums necessary to buy all their monthly
purchases at one-time,

"In addition, many families have inadequate refrigeration and heating
facilities, which means that food cannot be stored for a long period. They
are thus forced to make smaller and more frequent purchases," Budlender
writes.



: JPRS*SSA+85+116
21 November 1985

BLACK UNIONS NOT INVITED TO TALKS~-The Government met with representatives
of trade unions this week to discuss details of the State-assisted job
creating projects to help thousands of unemployed blacks--but black unions
were not invited. The unions which met the Minister of Manpower, Mr: Pietie
du Plessis, in Pretoria, are the conservative Trade Union Council of South
Africa (Tucsa) and the whites-only South African Confederation of Labour
(Sacla). Those which were not invited includé the major black unions,
the Federation of South African Trade Unions (Fosatu), Council of Unions
of South Africa (Cusa), the Azanian Confederation of Trade Unions and
several independent black unions. All the uninvited unions represent the
bulk of the workforce in the country. The meeting was called to discuss
details of the projects as part of the recently announced R600-million
economic relief package to counter widespread unemployment in the country.
Official unemployment statistics released by the Government put the figure
as having risen from 64 226 in August last year to 122 518 this year.
[Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 17 Oct 85 p 2]

STUDENTS STILL HELD--Transkei police are still holding 108 people, most of
them students from the University of Transkei, who were arrested on Tuesday
during the funeral of a man allegedly killed by police. ‘The chief of the
security police, General Leonard Kawe, confirmed that the 108 were all being
held under the country's security laws. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in
English 17 Oct 85 p 2]

JOHANNESBURG CENTENARY ASSOCIATION NONPOLITICAL--The Johannesburg Centenary
Festival Association is a non-political body with no Government links what-
soever, the association said in a statement yesterday. Responding to a call
to the black community to boycott the Johannesburg centenary celebrations,
the JCFA said it seemed strange that sucha call ‘was being made when it

was earmarking several community projects in Greater Soweto. - These projects--
planned with the Greater Soweto Chamber of Commerce aid Industries—--included
a community~education centre, old age home, creche and a workshop for the
blind. JCFA's' project director, Mr Peter Swallow, said: "We are trying

to leave everlasting mementoes which will benefit all Johannesburg citizens--
including Sowetans." -[Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 18 Oct 85

p 7]

/9317
cso: 3400/2990

119



But too often the appeal to "tradition" is a mask for power-hunger, for
crushing dissent. Freedom of association, assembly and speech benefits the
citizens of Africa no less than Europeans; the rule of law is.a universal
blessing; detention without trial at ministerial pleasure-is a.universal

evil.

Zimbabwe is now more .than ever bitterly divided along tribal lines. A

new, federal constitution might be a solution -- but Zapu.has not yet demanded
it and the Harare government will never grant it. Rhodesia was a colonial
creation, the megalomaniac dream of Cecil Rhodes. But the one. legacy of
colonialism sacred.to African nationalist leaders are the arbitrary fiefs

they inherited. What you have, you keep.

The Priorities: Unity Now, Socialism Tomorrow

"We still have to build national unity and stop killing each other before
we can ever really think of building a foundation for. socialism," said a
member of the Zimbabwean'Left in a recent interview.

A former combatant, he has been through the disillusion of the what-should-
have beens, has personally experienced the tragedy .of the interparty
violence of the past three years, and has latterly come around to the view
that, whatever the flaws, independence in 1980 was a. major. advance and an
important staging post for future struggles.

He, like almost all Zimbabweans, both black and white, has. been heartened
by the latest unity moves between Robert Mugabe's ruling Zanu (PF) Party
and Joshua Nkomo's Zapu.

They offer the prospect of a solution to the black (and most important)
side of Zimbabwe's "national. question",

And they seem to provide the only possible peaceful path to the democratic
one-party state Mugabe so badly wants.

The integration of whites. is of only residual importance these days; their
relevance is limited mainly to the economy. .Most seem quite relieved to ‘be
out of the political spotlight again after all the hullabuloo they caused
by voting a Smith majority into the 20 white seats in late. June.

"Leave the dancing to therhinoceros," said one white industrialist, inform-
ing me with glee that Ian Smith had now been classified a member of. the
rhinocerotidao family -- he's outlasted the dinosaurs.

It is still too early to predict with any certainty the likely outcome of
the talks, but prospects for success look. good.

Party political sources say a powerful group of Zanu (PF) "realists", who
include Deputy Prime Minister Simon Muzenda, Information Minister Nathan

Shamuyarira and, latterly, Minister of Political Affairs Maaurice Nyagumbo
are pushing hard to an accommodation with Nkomo. And they appear to have

Mugabe's ear.

124



JPRS-SSA-85-116

21 November 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Geopolitical Areas of Interest Discussed
(Camille Nkoa Atenga; LE MOIS EN AFRIQUE, Aug-Sep 85) ...

BENIN

Briefs
DPRK Finances 'Press House!

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Briefs
Former Minister Sentenced
EEC Community Aid Loan
GHANA

Briefs
Regional Secretary in Burkina

LIBERIA

BBC Interviews U.S. Journalist
(BBC World Service, 23, 25 Oct 85) seeseseeceeceesreceeee

Powers on Election Results
Powers on Vote Counting

MADAGASCAR
Briefs
Moscow Refills Coffers
Exclusive Economic Zone Marked
Contract for Soviet Embassy
MALAWL

Censorship Board Releases List
(MALAWI NEWS, 28 Sep-4 Oct 85) .seeeseeeeees seen e ee eene

-a-

10

11

11
13

15
15

16



19317
cso: 3400/287

103



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BOPHUTHATSWANA DROPS 'NO SQUATTING' CHARGES

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 18-24 Oct 84 p4

[Text]

THE Moretele Magistrate's Court in.
Bophuthatswana has dropped its so-
called "squatting" charges against 200
residents of Bosplaas.

And a spokesman for the Moretele
Court said the charges were dropped
last Friday on instructions from the
homeland's Attorney-General, J J
Smit. .

"The President (Lucas Mangope)
instructed me to drop the charges as
the matter would be solved outside
court on a political basis," Smit said.

It is understood that the homeland
authorities decided to drop the
charges after being confronted with a
bulky dossier of alleged corruption
and fraudulent activities by
Bophuthatswana local authorities in
the region.

Smit confirmed that the homeland
police are investigating alleg: ions. *

Despite being declared “iliegals",
the defendants. continued paying
homeland taxes,

In some cases they were sold
membership in the ruling
Bophuthatswana Democratic Party in
exchange for a promise of citizenship,
which never materialised.

The press officer in the President's
Office, J Mokgajane, said he was
unaware charges had been
withdrawn.

63

The withdrawal of the charges last’”
Friday comes 18 months and’ seven
court appearances after the Bosplaas
residents were first arrested under the
amended Land Control Act-of August

1 1983. :

Although the withdrawal of the
charges may be seen in legal circles as
a major victory, it brings little relief
to those affected... , ;
* While the case was being heard, the

idefendants were re-arrested,
sharrassed and intimidated, according _
‘to defence counsel.

‘One of the defendants claims that .
police said to him while he was being
T assaulted: "We are doing this to teach’
other people what will happen to them

if they get lawyers.” vier

Advocate Paul Shapiro complained
in court that police harrassment and

- intimidation had made it impossible
for him to trace and interview his
clients and witnesses.

Those on bail, in spite of appeals in
court, were rearrested, harrassed and
intimidated. Only under extreme
_ difficulty were dockets opened against
police for assault.” . _

The homeland's campaign against
non-Tswanas began immediately after
“independence” in 1977 and has gone
through three distinct phases:



JPRS“SSA~85~116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP PUTS ALLIANCE CASE AT 18 REEF MEETINGS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 16 Oct 85 p 9 '

[Text]

The series of meetings which .

the Progressive Federal Party
held on the Reef yesterday was
no “Nat-bashing exercise” but
an attempt to present an alter-
native for rescuing South Africa,
Mr Rick Valente, PFP town
councillor in Sandton, said yes-'
terday.

“We are no longer talking
merely as an opposition party.
Things have gone beyond that.
The country is facing a crisis
which is unparallelled “in his-
tory,” he said.

Mr Valente addressed one of
18 meetings on the Reef yester-
day arranged by the PFP as a
matter of urgency.

Mr David Woolf, the party's
publicity chairman and a mem-
ber of the Southern Transvaal
regional executive, said all the
meetings were well attended.

“It is significant that search-

ing questions were asked by
members of the public. It is
quite obvious there is a strong
feeling among. voters that there
should be reform, that the Gov-.
ernment should take steps to
quell the unrest in the townships
and consult black leaders, and
that change is inevitable for,
South Africa,” said Mr Woolf.
‘ Mr Valente told a Sandown
meeting that the present state
of affairs in South Africa was
criticism enough of the Govern- |
ment’s policies.

49

“Black areas are literally
aflame, the economy is shat-
tered and the Government’s ex-
ternal and internal credibility
are in pieces.” .

The only solution was the
Convention Alliance, he said.

“If the alliance succeeds,
South Africa might have a fu-
ture. If not, there will not be
much hope left.

“A convention must be held to
draw up a new constitution
which provides for full, equal
citizenship, the sharing of power
by all South Africa’s citizens
and equal economic opportuni-
ties,” Mr Valente said.

Mr Harry Schwarz MP, PFP
finance spokesman, told a meet-
ing in Yeoville that the
Progressive: Federal Party’s al-
ternatives were to establish a
forum for discussion among all
moderates who rejected vio-
lence, and to promote economic
growth and employment.

“The forces against us in
South Africa who do not want
reform will not cease to act.
Their fight is no longer for the
removal of discrimination, it is
now for political power,” Mr
Schwarz told members of his
Yeoville constituency.

Mr Schwarz said radicals

were thriving on the increasing

cycle of violence and that, if this
were allowed to continue, a new
society might emerge which
was worse than apartheid.



JPRS*SSA*85~116
21 November 1985

On the question of disinvestment, the Church said there had been no
proper debate and consideration in its churches of this issue.

This had been because "we have allowed ourselves to be restrained by the
severity of laws designed to prevent open discussion of economic sanc-
tions" and meant that the only arguments heard in South Africa were those
in opposition to disinvestment, the conference said.

It directed its new standing committee on "ethics of the economic life"
to prepare educational material on the disinvestment and sanctions debate
for discussion at quarterly meetings so that there may be a report to
the 1986 conference through the district synods.

Complex Role

The conference recognised that foreign investments and loans had a contro-
versial and complex role in the prevailing patterns of power and privilege
in South Africa. It was aware of the South African Council of Churches’
resolution that supported disinvestment.

It recognised that a divisién of opinion existed in the churches on
disinvestment and economic sanctions as economic actions to supplement
political and diplomatic pressures on the South African Government in
order to expedite change.

It believed that present disinvestment and pressures for disinvestment
had caused many White South Africans to consider the present political
conflict in South Africa more seriously.--Sapa

SADF Raid on Botswana Condemned
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Oct 85 p 15

[fext] Bloemfontein--Reliance on violence against the method of
diplomacy was contrary to the gospel, the Methodist Church of Southern
Africa said in Bloemfontein when it condemned the SA Defence Force raid
into Botswana in which at least 14 people, including women and children,
were killed.

The conference condemned "this act of aggression in violation of the
territorial integrity of a sovereign state" and endorsed the decision of
the United Nations that called on South Africa to pay full compensation
to Botswana and to refrain from further acts of destabilisation in the
region.

Deep condolences were expressed to the families of those killed in the
raid.

The South African Government was called on to dismantle the structures of
injustice that made South Africa a "refugee-producing country" and to
declare unconditional amnesty to all South African refugees and exiles.

98



REAGAN'S SANCTIONS VIEWED AS SHAM

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 14 Oct 85 p 5

[Article by Eddy Eke]

[Text]

/8309

PRESIDENT Reagan -has
given instructions to introduce
sanctions against Seuth
Africa, At first sight this step
niight seen to be a radical
change in his policy towards
the regime of apartheid.

However President
Reagan's sanctions are just an
attempt to save the bankrupt
policy of ‘‘constructive
engagement” with Pretoria.
The thing is that the ad-
ministration has failed to pre-
vent the Congress from adop-
ting resolutions limiting trade
and capital investments in
South Africa. The Senate was
to decide on that matter after
the House of Representatives.

If the President vetoed the’

resolutions he would be oppos-
ed by the majority of Con-
gressmen. So he decided to put
forward his own variant of
sanctions to be ahead of the
Congress.

The US adniinistration’s
manoeuvres are evident to all.
‘The French newspaper L'Echo.
noted the formal nature of
Reagan’s decision in regard to
Pretoria. It points out that his,
economic sanctions are not
such. A ban on granting bank
credits to the’ South African
government is a formal
measure since ‘American
banks do not give. fog credits.
‘That South African gold coins
krugerands will.no longer be
sold in the United States will
not affect the South African
economy as Pretoria can con-
tinue to sell gold bars.
Reagan’s attempt to assure
South African authorities
through his ambassador that

CsO: 3400/308

his measures would do them
no harnt.also speaks of the
propaganda charactor of his
decision.

The sanctions proposed by.
the Congress are far from be-
ing radical measures to
elimmate the regime of apar-
theid. They do not go further
than President. Botha's offer.
to hold reforms. The world
public, demands severe
punishment for the crimes
committed by the racists. The
recent declaration by the UN
Special Committee against
Apartheid calls on all nations
to immediately take steps to
isolate Pretoria, particularly
sever all trade and financial
contacts, strictly observe the
énibargo on arms supplies and
end any: cooperation in the
nuclear field,

The aim of the Americanad-
ministration’s new
manoeuvres is to delay con-
sideration of effective sanc-
tions in the hope of burying

“them altogether, In tact these

23

manoeuvres are designed to

support the bankr=nt regime

of apartheid.

JPRS*SSA*85~*116
21 November 1985

NIGERIA



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CSO:

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South Africa, he said,
was involved in a mini
armsrace with the Soviet
Union in a regional con-
text. While there were
limits to what the Soviets
could supply to Angola
for instance, South Africa
herself had technological,
financial and manpower
restraints which adversely
affected her capability to

maintain a credible deter- :

rent.

Thus South Africa had
to rely increasingly dh

war potential — a su--

perior ability to wage war
if necessary —rather than

+ military ‘potential — the

numerical balance of
forces, and types of
weapon systems. .

- “This may in future not
be entirely dissimilar
from the position in which
Israel finds herself,” said
Prof Hough.

19



CAPE COUNTS COST OF THREE MONTHS UNREST

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Oct 85 p 6

[Text]

CAPE TOWN — At least 62 peo-’
ple have died and damage esti-
mated at more than R6 million |
has been caused in three months
of unrest in the Western Cape.

The estimate does not include
damage. to coloured schools,
buses, security force vehicles
and privately owned cars: or
losses sustained during looting.

Many Government depart-
ments and private concerns are
reticent about. discussing the ex-
tent of the damage.

If losses in real terms are dif-
ficult to estimate, losses due to
decline in sales, for example,
are impossible. Delivery vehi-
cles now stop on the outskirts of
townships. Some dealers make
the trip to collect items such as
meat and bread but others do
not, causing losses in sales.

It is impossible to say how
many vehicles have been da-
maged or gutted by fire, how
many shops looted, how many

schools broken into and da-!

maged — in fact, the financial
cost of three months of stone-
throwing and. fire-bombing:
might never be established.
Police said that between Au-

gust 28 — the day of the planned ,

march to Pollsmoor prison —

and September 17, 44 people had |

died.

i

“Before that, two

ple died
after unrest flared in Guguletu
on July 19 and, since September
17, 16 people have been killed.

A spokesman for the South
African Special Risks Insurance
‘Association (SASRIA), — said
claims were not’ broken up into
regions but that material dam-
age in- the Western Cape was
hij

igh.

At least 13 buildings, includ-
ing welfare offices, post offices
and beerhalls have been petrol-
bombed and looted. Many Gov-
ernment departments could not
say how many buildings had
been attacked.

A Post Office spokesman said
damage was “something we
don’t comment on,” but a
spokesman for the Western
Cape Development Board said
losses of at least R1,25 million
had been suffered.

Black education authorities
said damage of about R80 000
had been caused to buildings but
attempts to obtain figures from
coloured education authorities
—' whose losses are probably
higher — were fruitless.

102

JPRS*SSA*85~*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COUNCIL LOSSES

The city council has suffered
losses of about R180 000 and the
divisional council about R40 000.

; Dr Stan “Evans, the town
“clerk, said that, in broad terms,
council property valued. at
R152.000 had been damaged be-
; fore September 9. Since then a
‘further R30000 damage had‘
: been caused.

The decline in the figure was
probably due to the fact that
much of the equipment wrecked
in many of the trouble spots had
not yet been replaced.

At least 25 vehicles — includ-
ing six buses valued at R100 000
each — have been gutted by fire
and hundreds damaged through
stone-throwing.

A spokesman for a bakery
said four lorries, valued at
R110 000, had been burnt-out but
the company had come off light-
ly compared with others.

Damage to City Tramways
buses since July 14 was estimat-
ed at R1,5 million, the managing
director, Mr Nick ‘Cronje, said.

Mr Cronje added that the loss
to the company would eventual-
ly have to be absorbed by the
passengers. — Sapa.


JPRS“SSA+85+116
21 November 1985

SWAPO APPRECIATES GENEROUS FREEDOM FIGHTER AID

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 14 Oct 85 pp 1, 3

[Article by Ibrahim Usman]

[Text]

18309
cso:

NIGERIA has always been in
the forefront of African cauntries
in assisting the liberation move-
ment in Namibia, a SWAPO
representative, Mr. Herman
Ithete, said in Kaduna yesterday.

Mr. Herman told’ the New
Nigerian that material support
from Nigeria to the Narnibian
people had always been for-
thcoming and plentiful, in addi-
tion to the moral support the
Namibian liberation movement
had been enjoying from Nigeria.
right trom the beginning of 1s
struggle.

He also said that the SWAPO
leadership has been coming to

Nigeria with demands for |

specific weapons. which they-lack
and that their re its hac
always been honoured.

Mr. Herman who is resident in
Lagos, was in Kaduna for discus-
sions with the authorities of the
Ahmadu Belio University, (ABU),
Zaria on the issue of admitting
sume ivamipian students into the
university. .

The negotiation between the
SWAPO and ABU, Zaria on the
possibility of admitting somé
Namibian students started last
February.

Mr. Herman brought along
with him the results of 27 Nami-
bian students to submit to the
university's authorities and to
make further enquiries on the
issue.

Four Namibian students have
completed their studies this year

3400/309

31

the Kaduna Polytechnic and
itr, Ithete said he would ask the
authorities to consider them for
admission into the HND pro-

ie.
Srthere are about 118 Namibian
students aged 14 — 18 in
federal institutions in Nigeria, he
said.

Mr. Herman is seeking the help
of higher institutions in Nigeria to
admit Namibian students in a bid
todevelop the manpower needs of
the Namibian people.

He. commended Sweden for ap-
proving .a steady budget for
Namibia every year adding that
Holland and Denmark were also
following the footsteps of Sweden.

‘The Cubans identify with the
sufferings of Africans in more
practical terms" he said. Right
now over 3,000 Namibians were

- being educated in Cuba.,

‘Two secondary schools were sef
for Namibians in Cuba following
the Kassinga massacre of Nami-
bians by the South African forces
in 1978 when all survivors mostly
children were evacuated te
Cuba. for treatment and
rehabilitation.

NIGERIA



to low-paying jobs which means that they in turn will live at low levels.
This goes against all notions of equality of opportunity."

The calculated poverty datum lines do not allow for expenditure on tooth-
brushes, toothpaste or deodorant. The MLL allows for R4,80 a month for
medical expenses, "This amount is not enough to cover the contributions
to medical benefit funds, even less medical aids."

There is no provision for recreation, or for any transport to doctors,
hospitals or any other "non-essential" activities.

Budlender writes: "We need to acknowledge the very real difference between
the long term and short term, even when speaking of mere survival.

"In the long term we cannot expect that the lives of all household members
will run smoothly. A long-term survival budget must allow for contingencies.
People fall ill, are injured and die. Goods are damaged, stolen, lost .and
broken."

Budlender points to a final problem with the use of poverty datum lines in
calculating minimum wages:

"People are not happy earning just enough to keep body and soul together
if they see people around them living in the lap of luxury.

“They feel that if they contribute to creating the wealth of a society
they have a right to a share in that wealth."

/12828
CSO: 3400/304

112



JPRS*SSA+85*116
°21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DR WENDY ORR DISCUSSES DETENTION CONDITIONS
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 18-24 Oct 85 p.4

[Report of interview with Dr Wendy Orr, by Patritk Laurence, date and place

not given]

[Text]

WENDY’ ORR, . the. young district
surgeon whose affidavit detailing
evidence of police assault on detainees :
made her the focus of national and..
international attention, is an unlikely’
heroine. . . ”

An attractive woman of 25, Orr.
talks in bursts, punctuating the rapid’
outflow of her words with a slightly.
nervous, alniost .self-deprecatory,

* . Taugh, .

and shoes,

She” is “unpretentious and
embarrassed by public interest in her. .

But her 35-page swomt statement
was cardinal to an unprecedented
decision by the Supreme Court.
granting an interim order restraining
police from assaulting detainees in
two prisons and all future detainees in
two magisterial districts in the Eastern
Cape, -

Dressed in a blue and white striped
dress, with matching white earrings
she was clearly
uncomfortable talking about herseif*
during an interview in the home of
her father, the Reverend Robert Orr,
a Presbyterian minister. .

But she was too polite to refuse to’
Teply to questions.

No, she said, réligion was not afi
important factor in her life: she had
gone to church while. studying
medicine at the University of Cape
Town, but lately she had begun to
question some of the tenets: of:
Christianity: “ of

55

"But," she added hastily, "I:
certainly believe in God. I am not an
atheist or agnostic."

Her religious upbringing, however,
if not religion per se, was a major
factor in her decision to testify in the
successful application to the Supreme
Couit for an interim order restraining
police from assaulting detainees.

As she observed of her background:
“We were” brought up in an
atmosphere of deep social concer. .
Medicine is. a caring sort of.
profession." * . :

Within months of starting work as a
junior. district. surgeon in Port
Elizabeth at the beginning of this year,
after completing her housemanship,
she was plunged into the centré of
South Africa's increasingly bloody
conflict. Ty

‘She was one of the state doctors who
conducted post mortems on the 20
blacks who were gunned down by
police in the shooting at Langa near
Port Elizabethon March 21.

She started work as a district
surgeon in part payment for a three-
year state bursary which helped her
complete her medical studies at the
University of Cape Town at the end of
11984,

- Another consideration, however,
influenced her. “I wanted to get away
from a teaching hospital, which only
offered experience of a elevated
specialised sort of ‘medicine,” Orr
said.



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SLOW RISE IN BLACK LIVING COSTS SEEN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 Oct 85 p 9

[Text]  poRT ELIZABETH. — The average © ending March. ,
household subsistence level (HSI) fora + ’ “The general low increase for both
Black household -in the five urban : population groups during the past six
centres is expected to teach R453,23 - -monthis is surprising considering the
by 1988. . . consumer price increase of 5,7 percent

A survey conducted by the Institute for the lower income groups for the.
of Planning Research of the Universit ‘same period. '
of Port Elizabeth has shown that this The survey said the general low in-
figure will be reached in Johannes- ; . crease might be partly due to the fact
burg, Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban that a series of price hikes which came
and Port Elizabeth by October 1988 — into effect on 1 April (fuel, transport,
* provided the rate of inflation continues sugar, gst etc) were included. .
more or less according to the current _ "However, it was found’ in all
trend. . on) } centres that generally speaking the in-
The survey said the overall percént- * * crease of items exempted from general
-age HSL increase for Black households sales tax was low. For some items such
for the six months ended September in as meat, fish, milk powder and veg-
the five major urban areas was a low etables, prices were generally even
2,9 percent. For the previous six lower.
month period ending March the in- Viewed over a 12-month period, the
crease was 7,8 percent. survey said the increase for Blacks was
For Coloured households an even a low 11,8 percent and 11,9 percent for
‘lower cost trend was observed com- Coloureds, which was substantially
pared to the previous term. For the lower than the consumer price index of.
same five urban areas, the average in- 16,4 percent for the urban centres (all
crease was a low 1,6 percent compared items, all groups) and 13,9 percent for
| with a high 10,1 percent for the period ; { the lower income groups. — Sapa.
/8309

CsO: 3400/332

109



JPRS*SSA*85+116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CONCERN ABOUT INCREASING VIOLENCE PERPETRATED BY CHILDREN
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 16 Oct 85 p 4

[Text] Far from getting better, the pervasive violence, the confusion
and disruption in schools and the rise in anger from adult blacks, is getting
worse.

We are saying this not as a warning but because we are beginning to panic.
The desperation is getting beyond human endurance and something, anything
should be done to halt this grave situation.

Pupils in the fairly quiet township of Atteridgeville, Pretoria, this week
were forced out of classes by children who are not even in their teens.
The anger from these children, barely out of their nappies, was caused by
the death of a 13-year-old boy in Atteridgeville.

The damage has been done, but we need now at this late hour to act with a
measure of urgency. Otherwise the ghastly mess is going to get worse.

What we would like to know is what is happening to the leaders in government?
What is the agenda for the future of this country? We tend to wish to
believe the rumour that there might be serious bureaucratic sobotage to

keep the situation as it is, or even make it worse. If that be the case,
what is the object? We need to be told.

We cannot get to grips with this whole sorry business. Parents are beginning
to believe the wisdom in some of the reckless things done by their children.
Most black adults are not even revolutionary. It is perhaps true that most
people are law-abiding and do not wish to see things go on in this helter
skelter fashion. But very soon something is going to snap. Then God help

us all.

For what it is worth we are glad to see some white parents taking the bull
by its horns and meeting the African National Congress. We are naturally
impressed by these moves. But seriously, the danger is right here. The
danger which white South Africa does not seem aware or impressed by, is
right inside the country.

If things are getting worse internally, as they most certainly are, all the

conferences with all the organisations inside and outside the country will
not halt the mess.

73



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

Former Legislator Says No to Relations
Kano THE TIMES in English 17 Oct 85 p 5

[Article by Sidi H. Ali]

[Text]

FOR sometime now
supporters of what can
aptly be called agents
of Israel have ped
wp campaign to have

geria restore di-
plomatic relations with

israel. They are always

quickly to use as a
reason, the return of
part of Eoyptian land
occupled by Israel re-
cently.

These agents of Israel
have not been able to call
on the Federal Govern-
ment to accord full rec-
ognition to Palestinian
Liberation Organisation
which the Government
of Israel forcefully re-
moved from the land of
their birth with the assist-
ance of the Western Na-
tions in 1948,

Only a few weeks ago,
West German Chan¢el-
lor Herr Schmidt publicy
warned on Television in-
tetview > ‘the West
should ‘not treat the
Palestinian Liberation
Organisation as terror-
rists but as authentic rep-
resentatives of the
Palestinians.

Herr Schimidt also
asserted that “‘West Ger-
many must recognise the
Palestinians’ moral claim
to self determination.
“For me this includes
their right to organise
themsélves as a state’,
said Herr Schmidt. It is

well known that a U.N.
resolution known as Re-
solution 242 which called
for an_ internationally
recognised borders be-
tween Israel and its Arab
neighbours which would
have brought peace to
the area has been consis-
tently rejected by Israel.

Also ‘in June 1981,
European Common
Market Assembly meet-
ing in Venice, Italy pas-
sed a declaration endors-
ing Arab Palestinian par-
ticipation in future nego-
tiations. To entice Israel
to embrace the Euro-
pean’s peace initiative,
they made an irresistable
offer of International
guarantees for mutually
recognised borders be-
tween Israel and its Arab
neighbours. This Israel
again refused. Yet sup-
porters of Israel try to
present Israel as ah
underdog.

The protagonists of di-

fomatic relations with
Israel like to give Egypt
as example. If we go by
that, then we can equally
accept the puppets South
African leaders as the au-
thentic leaders of the
place by ignoring the cir-
cumstances that brought
them there.

At one-time, Chair-
man of United Nations
Committee on Apar-
theid announced the re-

25

jection of Israeli pounds
‘about £1,500) to the
AU to help African Li-
beration [ovements,
many people were sur-
prised by the action cf
movements that are in
dire need of money.

A representative of
the Liberation Move-
ments described the offer

“hypocritical - ges-
ture”, and a “cheap
trick” to. get Zionists
accepted in Africa.

He went on to say
£1,500 is nothing com-
pared to the millions of
dollars the Zionists re-
ceive from South Africa,
which he described as
blood money coming
from the naked exploita-
tion of black people at
the hand of South Africa,
Zionists and their col-
laborators.

The delegates sup-
ported his. rejection with
documents which
showed that after the
June 1967 war, that
South African regime
contributed £21,000,000



Board ‘officials promised to submit residents' grievances to “head office"
in Port Elizabeth, then left the meeting.

Shortly afterwards, police moved into the township and fired several rounds
of tearsmoke.

On July 2, residents called for a consumer boycott of selected shops “because
there are no shops in the township."

On the same date, SADF pitched camp on the outskirts of the township. This
enraged the residents.

A car belonging to a policeman was pushed out of his yard and set alight.

Security forces moved in and two babies -- a 10-day-old and a two-month-
old -- were among the four children who died from the effects of tearsmoke.

Police opened fire on a crowd in the street and four people were shot dead.
Two days later, a crowd set fire to the belongings of a policeman.

The same evening, security forces "swept" through the tiny township.
Seventy-nine people -- 60 children, 11 men and eight women -- were arrested

in the raid.

In sworn affidavits, those arrested alleged they were severely tortured
and tearsmoke cannisters were periodically hurled into the cells.

“About 14 people were removed from the cells and "treated after choking
from the tearsmoke," said one of those arrested.

A day later, Reverend Moses Mcoyana and Chris Siyonzana, a member of the
Colesburg Action Committee, were released.

On July 20, during the funeral in Cradock of four UDF activists whose
charred and badly mutilated bodies were discovered from their burnt-out
car, the township "was tense."

On Monday, July 22, Rev Mcoyana intervened when a group of students were
marching towards their school.

“I wanted to wasrn them to go no further. because there were two police
vans parked in the direction in which they were marching," Rev Mcoyana
said.

While the pastor was talking to the children, the police moved in and fired
several rounds of birdshot.

About 14 people were injured, including Rev Mcoyana, who was shot in the legs.

91



their written texts at least, all African states place a high value on
strengthening their unity and solidarity and on developing international
cooperation, all out of an obvious concern for the well-being of their
peoples. This is not all. But it. seems sufficient for contributing to the
desirable delimitation of Africa's principal areas of common interest.

The notion of areas of interest-~since we must, of course, examine it with the
ingenuous eye of an African--surely dates back, for those who believe the
story of creation, to the day when Jehovah, as reported in Genesis, drove man
out of the Garden of Eden, That is, the day on which, after man's sin, he was
condemned without appeal to live thereafter by the sweat of his brow, The
notion of areas of interest therefore brings us back immediately to the
notions of man's life and survival--to those of the existence and further
growth of an organized sociopolitical entity.

Even in that dim light, and with reference to the African states in
particular, it is quite clear that the principal area of interest can only be
the three-dimensional space of the immediate periphery--that is, the space
occupied by all surrounding countries and any existing maritime spaces. The
reason is that unlike the situation in Fast and West, where the problem of
hunger is posed in terms more of the quality of vitamins than of their
quantity but where, on the other hand, the problem of obtaining supplies of
strategic minerals is at the origin of global strategies that are being
constantly refined, Africa is faced above all with basic development problems
requiring peace within the frontiers of its states. ‘that internal peace
itself is conditioned to a large extent by peace on the frontiers--that is,
peace with the neighbors with which each state shares land and sea frontiers,

In this first stage of putting the notion of areas of interest into concrete
form, one quickly realizes that the paramount concerns of the African states
and of the OAU are capable of being brought to a happy conclusion if all the
states of independent Africa accept and respect that elementary but vital
notion of African geopolitics. This is most certainly worthy of reflection,
because in Africa-~being tugged at as it is by both East and West--peaceful
coexistence, from the standpoint of what that implies in the way of tolerance
and the acceptance by states of each other's existence, must be regarded as a
constructive philosophy playing a part in the stability not only of the blocs
in existence but also of the world itself.

Besides those areas of interest which could thus be described with good reason
as immediate and which inevitably create circles of "compulsory" solidarity
among all African states, there exist priority areas of economic interest and
free areas of economic interest that lie beyond Africa and are under the
control in particular of the big industrial powers.

My feeling is that the priority area of economic interest consists of those
non-African countries which for various reasons, not all of them respectable,
either buy willingly or pretend to be making a sacrifice by buying from a
state on our poor continent its principal export product, the one on which
most if not all of that state's fragile economic health depends.



We appeal to white South Africa to pressurise their leaders to cast its
eyes on what is happening here and now.

We fear the state of emergency has not solved the problems. We hasten to
add this is not attempt to cast aspersions on the police and the army. They
certainly tried their best. But without help from people who can sit down
and talk, inside South Africa, these units simply increase the tension.
Mistakes too, will keep on happening. There will: be more deaths on both
sides.

South Africa has to grow up before it is too late. We tend always to try
and sweep our problems under the carpet with the hope they will somehow
solve themselves.

/12828
CSO: 3400/304

14



/9317
cso:

Bishopscourt? The syllabus may be
relevant for Bishopscourt: Bishop
Lavis kids see it as irrelevant.

Or this: The syllabus describes the
historical development of the policy
of apartheid. Alternative education
pupils go home and talk to their
parents about the clearing of District
Six.

There is a wild card in the
dissemination of alternative education
in the Western Cape, and that is the
newly-formed Western Cape
Teachers' Union. It keeps a very low
profile, because its 1500 members

are all potential victims of Carter.
Ebrahim's sacking threat — and:

worse. The Labour Party, at its
Congress last week, approved a
resolution to bar troublesome teachers
from benefits such as State-assisted
housing.

The WCTU was formed less than a

month ago, soon after Mr Ebrahim

closed down more than 450 schools in
the Western Cape.

It represents the most radical
teachers who, together with what
appears to be a majority of pupils and
students, regard the conservative
Coloured Professional Teachers’

Association, headed by Franklin Sonn,’

as "collaborators".

3400/290

80

“The WCTU put out a statement
recently in which it undertook to keep
on with alternative education
programmes in defiance of Carter

,Ebrahim's proclamation. It would

continue to support student demands,
it said, including democratically
elected SRCs.

Numerically the WCTU is at a
tremendous disadvantage vis-a-vis the
CPTA. It boasts only 1 500 members
against 25 000 of the CPTA — of
whom close on 20 000 teach within
the Western Cape region. But it has
student/pupil support.

It is extremely difficult to analyse
student/pupil demands. Spokesmen
keep a low profile too, as most are on
the run from the police.

One leaflet, distributed widely when
the schools were closed, slammed the.
police, the Labour party, the
Tricameral Parliament, Carter
Ebrahim, low wages and “gutter
education",

But it also called for unity, and what
has the authorities worried is that
student/pupil action seems to be
arousing perceptible sympathy in the
community as a whole.

The boycott is now in its 13th week,
and UWC Rector Richard van der
Ross thinks it has gone far enough,
Van der Ross put out a statement this
week urging flexibility from the
authorities and less drastic demands
from the students,


curve of military spending in Africa is continuing cheerfully on its merry
way, many African observers, and important ones at that, saw in that fact-~and
still see in the military budgets of the big powers--a patent manifestation of
the latter's selfishness,

Quite obviously, it is not only from our Africa--cowering though it is under
the persistent threat of drought, refugees, and hunger--that loud voices are
being raised to decry the policy in the industrialized countries for the
allocation of efforts to development. aid. Alain Revel and Christophe
Riboud (1)--to mention only them-~estimate that if the United States were to
utilize its full agricultural potential, it could provide enough food to feed
4 billion human beings. But that is not at all surprising to anyone who knows
that’ the "green weapon," which is of primary importance for the same reason
that black gold is, is a major asset in the big international game.

Outside Africa, however, considering a certain number of parameters not yet
evident in the African perception of the world and of things, it is generally
felt that not only was Machiavelli right when he wrote that "politics is made
up of ingratitude, not of generosity," but also that power--to which,
fortunately or unfortunately, Africa does not seem to aspire--is a state's
capacity to influence the very complex workings of the international ' system,
particularly from the standpoint of its own national interests, National
interests—-we have reached the crux of the matter.

In our ultramediatized world, every African, whether or not an observer of the
international scene, ought to know that beyond the now selective arms race
underway between East and West and beyond the still muffled Star Wars that
they have just undertaken with some determination, the backdrop in the minds
of the "belligerents" is the famous carving up of the world that took place
first in Berlin and then in Yalta.

Let us recall very especially that in Berlin, following a lengthy conference
that lasted from November 1884 until February 1885, the [uropean powers
(France, Great Britain, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain) split up
Africa into zones of influence and divided those zones among themselves (a
situation that lasted until 1913) for the basic reasons that we are all aware
of: faced with the economic crisis that was raging in Europe at the end of the
19th century, they needed to find other markets and secure new sources of raw
materials for themselves, And all--as Prince Bismarck was to say at the
conclusion of the conference--in such a climate "as to provide the trade and
industry of all nations with the most favorable conditions for their
development and security."

In Yalta--this brings us up to February 1945, of course--it was a question of
cutting up another cake. Although Africa did not enter expressly into the
ingredients of this new cake, it was nevertheless present in the thoughts of
the Big Three in that area of the Crimea where East and West were already
sizing each other up and where the great powers-—including absent France--were
taking for themselves the role of policeman of the world. Including Africa?
That question is worth being considered. By the conscience of independent
Africa, of course.



COLORED PROPERTY BOOM PRESSURES AREAS ACT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 Oct 85 p 11

[Text] ‘CAPE TOWN.

/8309
cso:

property boom ?in
Coloured areas and a sim-
ultaneous slump in White
property sales is one of |
the strongest reasons for
the abolition of the.
Group Areas _ Act, ]
according to Cape Town ©
‘estate agents operating in
‘Coloured suburbs.

The belief in property
- circleg is that reform .com-
imitments and _ political
; Pressure will force the |
‘ opening of residential dis-
:tricts in some metropoli-
tan areas as a result of the j
.boom-slump. anomaly _
: Prevailing in the Western ;

Cape.-

“The question is when
— it’s no longer if,” saida
‘property developer. g
; Many Coloured home {
owners could easily afford.’;
;to buy houses in better *
: areas if they were allowed
to and supply and: de-
mand would lead to high-
er prices, says Mr Quen-
tin Pavitt, a leading agent 7]
in the Grassy Park area.

Mr Pavitt, an office- *
bearer of the Institute of :
Estate A nts -in Cape.”
Town, said the unrest had.”
not led to a fall-off in de-
mand for property in*
Coloured suburbs.

3400/332

| Other ‘agents and build-

| ving societies confirmed

that the Coloured proper-
‘ty market was booming.

Mr Harry Lee Pan, '

managing director of an-
other large estate agency,
Said rising prices in
| Coloured suburbs were
: entirely due to the Group

> Areas Act.
Meanwhile, a Universi-
i ty of Cape Town survey
shows house prices soared
in Coloured group areas

while prices have plunged

in many White suburbs.

Some prices have more
than doubled in two years
of economic recession,
says Dr Trevor Thomson,
head ‘of UCT’s Real Es-
tate Research Project, in
the latest issue of Juta’s
South African Journal of

ty, >

The boom has encour-
‘aged major house build-
ers such as Bellandia and
Disa homes to switch
most of their plot-and-
plan work to Mitchell's
Plain, Elsies River, Bel-

har, Southdene and other

Coloured areas.

108

JPRS*SSA*85~*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

r Plot sales of R300 000

and -house contracts
worth R328 000 were
{ notched up last weekend
twhen a R17 million
Coloured, suburb at ‘the.
Strand was lauiiched.

Named Southfork,
after the Dallas television
series, houses will cost up
to R200 000.

‘A giant R33 million
township for 5 000 buyers
is planned by Garden
Cities near Blackheath,
between Gaylee and
Kleinvlei. — Sapa.


19317
cso:

The detained pall bearers at
Ndondo's funeral had to be replaced
when the hearse arrived at the
graveyard.

Ndondo, a former vice-president of
the University of ‘Transkei SRC, is a
member of the Ntsebeza family,
which is well known for its opposition
to the regime of the Matanzima
brothers in Transkei, His two cousins,
Lungisile Ntsebeza- and Dumisa
Ntsebeza, were detained shortly after
he was murdered. .

Transkei President Kaiser
Matanzima has publicly all but
justified the killing of Ndondo. In a
speech at Idutywa delivered in Xhosa,
Matanzima blamed Ndondo for the
explosion which destroyed the fuel
deport in the Transkei capital of
Umnata in June,

A tape recording of the speech has
been smuggled out of Transkei. In it,
Matanzima said: "He (Ndondo) is the
one who came from Lesotho and
exploded a bomb in Umtata ... You
will see the communists will be asking
what has Ndondo done.”

Matanzima's speech has prompted
suspicion that his regime offered a
murderous variant on the well-wom
practice of detention without trial —
execution without trial.

After Ndondo's death a murder
docket was opened by the Transkei
police. His family, who confronted
police over the killing at the hospital
where he was taken, accused the police
of being implicated.

The Chief of the CID in Transkei,
General D K- Nkalitshana, later
confirmed’ that’ the alleged
involvement of police was being
investigated.

3400/2912 |

78

The funeral was conducted by a
white Anglican priest, Father Edgar
Raddock, a relative newcomer to
Transkei. He was recruited by friends
of Ndondo's when it appeared that
local black ministers of religion had
been intimidated from conducting the
funeral.

In an interview, Transkei Prime
Minister and brother of Kaiser
Matanzima, George Matanzima, said
of police action at the funeral: "They
were Security Police and they have
the discretion to act as they deem fit. I
think they feared the funeral would
become a political rally.” :

On the investigation into the murder
of Ndondo, Prime Minister
Matanzima, who is Transkei's
Minister of Police, said: "When police
open a murder docket, I don't
interfere unless there are
irregularities. As of now there have
been no irregularities."

On the detention of Ndondo's
cousins — in Xhosa tradition they are
regarded as his brothers —
Matanzima said: "I can't say why they
were detained. But people have been
stirring up trouble in Cala. As
Minister of Police I try to keep away
from investigations I got
involved J might end up like Louis Le
Grange (South Africa's much
criticised Minister of Law and
Order)."

But Matanzima has fewer scruples
about interfering in church affairs.

When the Roman Catholic church
issued a statement condemning the
killing of Ndondo and expressing
concern about the rough treatment
‘mieted out to students, he summoned
the bishop and, according to well
placed church sources, indirectly
threatened him with imprisonment
unless he retracted the statement.



JPRS“SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SPOTLIGHT ON POPULATION ‘LAWS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 Oct 85 p 10

[Commentary by David Braun]

[Text]

“This week saw the political guns

trained on the Population Registration
Act, the law without which apartheid
could not work.

A working committee of the Human
Sciences Research Council said the law
was at the root of the ill-feeling be-
tween the various South African
groups, and called for its demise.

The Government’s reaction is still
awaited, but the betting is that it will
strongly disagree. .

The committee had some strong
criticism for the system of statutory.
racial classification. . .

It found that the legislators of this
country had tried to categorise the var-
ious population groups, with the excep-
tion of the whites, on the basis of ethnic
origin, relatives, cultural identity or
other physical factors such as place of
residence or place of birth.

White people have never been sub-
jected to this type of classification,
even though the two main sub-groups
— the English-speakers and the Afri-
kaners — have as many of their own
characteristics as do the various black

groups.

In fact the only time South African
lawmakers have statutorily distin-
guished between the English-speaking,
whites and Afrikaners was the extent
that some provincial ordinances pre-
scribed that education up to Standard
8 had to be in the mother tongue. -

104

This distinction did not occur in any
other field, the committee found.

Whites have traditionally been regis-
tered as such by virtue of their obvious
appearance and the fact that they were
generally taken for white.

A poreen with non-white forebears
could not claim to be white.

Coloureds have been classified as
such on the basis that they are neither
white nor black, but are designated to
be.of a particular category, such as
Cape coloured, Griqua, Malay or “other
coloured”.

Origin is of primary importance
here and not appearance or whether
one is generally accepted as being of a
particular group.

Within the determinants of what a
coloured is are various cultural, social,
religious and other factors. Some of
them may be Western and white, while
others may be Eastern and even black.

The committee found that because
coloureds were neither white nor

_ black, it was impossible to arrive at a

uniform definition of the coloured pop-
ulation group in the various racial
i

laws.

This inability to force a section of
the population into a colour segment of
statutory separation reflected the
deepest dilemma in the South African
constitutional system.

A person may be coloured for the
purposes of one law, black for another.
In the case of a white who lives with a
coloured, that white is coloured.



But it had repercussions *
for her. She was badly as:
saulted by a rival group of
“comrades” who held their
own court to deal with her.

Col Erie Strydom, head
of the murder and robbery -.

squad, said that stabbing!
‘was still the most commo:
‘cause of death,

Howedver, an “ugly!
method”, the “necklace” :
murder had been popular
since the beginning of the
year.

The new-style killings ;
called into play meticulous
skills of forensic experts.

Victims were stabbed,
doused in petrol and then
set alight, usually on burn-
ing tyres or with a tyre
draped around the neck.

Col Strydom said that in :
particularly gruesome i
murders the only remains |
were teeth and a few
bones.

. Yet only two bodies

which had been burnt re-

mained unidentified. They
had “been found at St.

George's Strand. wil

“In most cases identiffe;

tion was possible. :

When bodies were badI:
burnt, the next-of-kin could
identify something.

In Uitenhage the parents
of two teenage boys who
were set alight were iden-
tified by their feet. One
was identified by an old
scar on the foot and the
other by his féet which his
father said were undoubt-
edly those of his son.

Last year the murder
and robbery squad had a
Success rate of 87% in solv-
ing murders in the town-
ships and 100% success
rate with six white mur-
ders.

Col Strydom said his
detectives still moved
around the townships quite
freely.

He said he was saddened
and distressed by the mur-
der of one of his detectives,
Det-Sgt Lungile Manene,
last month. .

He is still visibly dis-
tressed when he talks
about the murder,

His crack squad is also
involved in all the invest-
igations arising from the
unrest such as arson and
public violence,

The breakdown of mur-
ders in the townships in the
first nine months of this
year are as follows: Janu-
ary 24, February 30, March
, 34, April 47, May 43, June
52, July 44, August 33 and
September 41:

Summing up the work of
his squad, Col Strydom
said: “We have a job to do
and we do it.”

/12828
CSO: 3400/305.

89



JPRS*SSA*85°116

21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DR WENDY ORR'S ACTIVITIES PRAISED AS COURAGEOUS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 18 Oct 85 p 6

[Text]

IT MIGHT. be too late for this’

year’s announcement, but Dr
Wendy Orr is an obvious choice
for next year’s shortlist for the
Nobel Peace Prize, for the follow-
ing:

« It is not going too far, we be-

lieve, to assume that the striking
off from the roll of the Steve Biko
doctor, Dr Benjamin Tucker,
happened in the light of Dr Orr’s
courageous stand;

The South African Dental and
Medical Council needs no special
praise for doing the obvious. Dr
Tucker had shown himself to be

totally unprofessional and un-

feeling. He did not have the guts
to question some of the allega-
tions made against the police
during Steve Biko’s interroga-
tion; »

Because of Dr Orr a number of
timorous doctors employed by
the State will now have the cour-
age to reveal some of the dark

and sinister things coming to

their notice;

The truth about detention
without trial had to come out.
someday. A part of the curtain
has been lifted, but we fear there
is still a lot to be done;

57

The Government itself ‘is per-
haps’ not aware that it is be-
smirching the name of this coun-
try,.and more pertinently of the
police, through the murky ru-
mours that hang over this type of
detention;

In the final analysis, the State
might believe that the work done
by its security organs is despera-
tely important and that it is
showing results, never mind the
means they use. The truth is
that, if these allegations are true,
even those policemen ‘who exer-
cise their privilege in such
despicable acts, will be damaged.
And damaged seriously.

Dr Orr had the courage to risk
career and reputation when she
went all the way to ventilate cer-
tain things that must have of-
fended her professional ethics,

It is surely damaging to the
medical profession and the State
to assume that there are doctors
who, out of fear or the protection

-of privilege, turn a blind eye to

practices that are not only uneth-
ical but plain inhuman.
This is why we believe Dr Orr

needs a special prize. We are

sure that many people will be



BLACKS DIVIDED ON WHETHER ANC SHOULD TALK TO GOVERNMENT

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 17 Oct 85 p 9 '

{Article by Mandla Ndlazi]

[Text]

/9317
cso:

A snap survey has shown that, while some people were for the African
‘National Congress talking to the Government, some felt time had run
out for a peaceful settlement.

Those who are for.a
peaceful settlement
said the government
should not lay down
conditions before talk-

ing to the ANC. Those *

who think that time
has run out for such
talks did not mince
their words. :
Mr Mandla Makusé-
lane of Jabulani, So-
weto, said talking to
the government now
“is a futile exercise.”
He said the ANC and
the Pan Africanist
Congress (PAC) gave
the authorities enough
time to negotiate for a
peaceful settlement in
the past. “Now that
time is past,” he said.

" “Mr Makuselane said

the white businessmen
who recently held talks
with the ANC in Lu-
,Ssaka were “a bunch of
capitalists who are try-

ing to protect. their in-

vestments.”

3400/287

He said the Progrés-
sive Federal Party
(PFP) was not differ-
ent from the present
rulers. “They sing the
same song,” said Mr
Makuselane.

Mr Steven Mosoeke
said time for peaceful
talks is over. “Our po-
litical organisations
have pleaded too long
fora peaceful set-
tlement, and now they
have no alternative,”

* said Mr Mosoeke.

Leaders

Another man said
the ANC “will be wast-
ing its time by talking
to the government at
this late hour.”

Miss ‘Magauta Mo-
lefe said the govern-
ment» should first re-
lease all the detained
leaders and allow

53

those tn exile to return
before thinking of ne-
gotiating a settlement
with the blacks.

“ANC talks with the
white businessmen and
members of the PFP
were childish. We
want to hold the bull by
its horns, and the bull
is the government,”
said Miss Molefe.

Mr Josiah Modise of
Meadowlands said, in
the absence of récog-
nised leaders, the gov-
ernment should talk to
Dr Nthato Motlana
and “not to’ stooges
like Kunene and Ma-
huhushi.” | a

Mr Modise added,
“Tam of the opinion

JPRS*SSA+85~116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

that it is never too late *

for peaceful talks, the
only issue between the
government and the
ANC is wha will conde-
scend and start.”



JPRS*SSA~85~116
21 November 1985

MADAGASCAR

BRIEFS

MOSCOW REFILLS COFFERS--Madagascar has obtained a loan of 200 million roubles
(255 million dollars) from the Soviet Union, Malagasy President Didier
Ratsiraka disclosed on October 13. after a tour which took him to Paris,
Moscow, Beijing and Pyongyang. Commenting on his visit to China, President
Ratsiraka said he [was] very impressed by the "pragmatism" of the government's
new economic policy, "which is directed towards efficiency."I.0.N.--This

200 million rouble loan from Moscow will be of considerable benefit to the
Antananarivo authorities, though the terms of its repayment have not been
revealed. It is known that the principal aim of President Ratsiraka's visits
to France and the Soviet Union was to obtain enough funds for Madagascar to
repay that portion of its public debt which had not been rescheduled by the
Club of Paris last May (amounting to some 60 per cent of the total), not to
mention the loans made by commercial banks. This Soviet loan compares with
the estimated 221 million dollars in loans and grants to Madagascar last

year from all the members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development, as well as ‘bodies like the European Development Fund, the African
Development Bank and the International Development Agency. [Text] [Paris

THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 19 Oct 85 p 2]

EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE MARKED--Under a decree published in the latest issue
of Madagascar's government gazette, which appeared at the beginning of October,
the country's exclusive economic zone has been fixed at 200 nautical miles,
However, where the distance from a neighbouring state is less than 400 miles,
the limits of the zone will be decided by mutual agreement, the gazette said.
The same decree stipulates that Madagascar's territorial waters extend 12
nautical miles from the shore, thereby annulling the January 1974 law which
put the limit at 50 nautical miles. The Gazette made no specific reference
to the islands held by France and claimed by Madagascar, namely Juan de Nova,
Europa, the Iles Glorieuses and Bassas da India. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN
OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 19 Oct 85 p 6]

CONTRACT FOR SOVIET EMBASSY~-The contract for the construction of the new
Soviet Embassy, totalling 64 million French francs (eight million dollars)
is to be signed shortly. The work is due to be completed in March 1987.
[Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 19 Oct 85 p 7]

/8309
CSO: 3400/334

15



The intense black oppost-
tion, articulated mainly by
the UDF, but also by In-
katha, and the low polls in
both elections raised wide-
spread doubts abroad and
in South Africa about the.
viability of the new consti-
tutional system. .

Then followed the deba-
cle of the Durban Six and
the Coventry Four, which
negatively affected the
Government’s credibility
both domestically. and
internationally. oo

The Government's _re-.
sponse to spreading urban
township unrest from Sep-
tember and particular: ly
the arrest of black trade
union leaders in early No-
vember aroused strong re-
action internationally and
from South Africa’s private
sector.

It was at this point that
the intense American at-
tention to South Africa be-
gan, as November also wit-
nessed the re-election of
President Reagan, the be-
ginning, of the Free South

rica Movement and the
award of the Nobel Peace
Prize to Bishop Desmond

‘utu.

hus, by the end of

1984, in a_ short

period of six’

months, the great

expectations had
been dashed and South
Africa was faced with a
combined domestic/inter-
national crisis which was
by now tlearly also nega-
tively affecting the eco-
nomy. .

Worse was to come in
1985. Although a itive
reform speech by the State
President at the opening of
Parliament in January and
an indication that further
legislative reform would
take place during the par-;
liamentary session, tempo-’
rarily ameliorated interna-
tional criticism, attention
was again focused on the
spreading unrest by the
Langa shootings in March.

Extensive and sustained
foreign media coverage of

‘violence in South Africa has
undoubtedly caused mis-

Jeadin, receptions over-
seas of situation as a
whole.

At the same time the
South African media have
chosen or been forced to go
to the other extreme and

rotect the white commun:
ty from full exposure to
what is happening in the
townships. °

hus a wide gap in
perceptions has
developed between
“overseas critics
and South African
whites who cannot under-
stand the growing interna-
tional reaction events

here and, more seriously .

are mostly unaware of the
depth of anger among our!
own black communities.

‘The declaration of a state
of emergency in ‘various
areas of the country in July
and the entry of the arm’
into the townships, witl
widescale detentions and
arrests, reinforced the im-
pression abroad that South
Africa was in a state of
near revolution.

In this highly volatile sit-
uation Western govern-
ments came under increas-
ing pressure within their
own countries to take’ puni-
tive action. .

No major Western gov-
ernment wanted to embark .
on sanctions and they:
Tooked to the South African
Government to take con-
crete steps on its own cho-

sen reform path, in order to ;

i,defuse the situation.

* Thus expectations were
again aroused that the
State President would use
the opportunity of his Dur-

- ban speech on August 15 to

announce such positive

steps

hile there have been
various explanations of
what went wrong, there can
be little doubt that expecta-
tions were at least encour-
aged’ by government
sources.

Foreign Minister Pik
Botha’s discussions in Vien-
na, not long before the Dur--
ban speech, led President.
Reagan's Security Adviser
to believe the speech would
have substantive positive
content,

In this mood of expecta-

tion it received unprece-

44

|dented live telévision cov-
‘erage in the US and Europe.

The subsequent sense of
disillusionment in Western
circles was profound in the
extreme, and this marked a
crucial turning point to-
wards the adoption of some
form of sanctions by almost.
all Western governments.

Inevitably this had a fur-
ther detrimental effect on
economic relations, rein-
forcing the downward
trend in the value of the
rand and precipitating the
foreign debt crisis, with the
unavoidable “standstill”
decision.

As if this sad story of
domestic events and inter-

»: national reaction were not

enough, one must add that
several events in the wider
Southern Africa region
have also contributed to the
dashing of expectations
aroused in the of
1984, .

he discovery of
South African se-
curity units in Ca-
binda, the installa-
tion of a
transitional goverment in
Namibia and the Gaborone
raid, demonstrated that the
West had misunderstood
South Africa’s regional

, policies, and that the ex-
pectations of negotiated

‘settlements and regional

jdétente had been mis-
placed,

: _ Most seriously, the Nko-
mati Accord, as the centre-
piece of a changing region-
al pattern of relationships,
has been threatened with
collapse by the revelations
of South African violations.

he nature and cause
of these violations
are disputed but,
whatever the
truth, there is no
doubt about the negative in-
ternational perceptions,
rand the effect on the Gov-
;ernment’s credibility.

In the final analysis,
looking back on events over
the past Hea it seems
clear that the different ex-

ectations were not sound-
ly based.


Mr Hendrickse has described the proposed National Convention Movement as
“still-born."

Yet, in 1980, he had this to say about the convention movement: "The fact
that our conference has taken a decision calling for a convention movement
is indicative of the seriousness with which the Labour Party regards the
situation."

At its annual conference in Johannesburg last year, Labour adopted this
resolution: "Conference gives its blessing to the proposed initiatives of
the (party) leadership to unify all opposition groups to discriminatory
government. This will serve as complementary to the convention movement."

The major difference today is that Labour is now part of "discriminatory
government",

The 1980 version of the movement has been weakened by the fact that Labour
has withdrawn from it; the PFP, by its own admission, lost much white support
for. calling for a "no" vote in the 1983 white referendum; the movement. has
been strengthened by Inkatha's increased membership; and in Labour's place
come some represetnatives of Big Business.

But ranged against the 1985 version are Azapo, the United Democratic Front
(which came into existence in 1983), the growing trade union movement, and
significantly, the African National Congress and the Pan Africanist
Congress.

The ANC, which originally called for a national convention, now is in favour
of a convention only if it is called to hand over power. This means the
ANC, PAC and Azapo are now much closer in their thinking on the issue.

Clout

The inclusion of Big Business in the proposed movement is important in
the sense that it carries clout with the Government, yet it is doubtful if
it can win the support of its black workers through the trade unions.

If the convention movement of 1980 couldn't succeed, in the present climate
and with greater politicisation of black people since then,.its chances of
success look even slimer.

/12828
CSO: 3400/304

48



JPRS*SSA*85~*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON TRANSKEI'POLICE BEHAVIOR AT STUDENT LEADER FUNERAL

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 18-24 Oct 85 p 2

[Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text]

TF intolerance and fear of the press

are signs of an insecure regime, then
the Matanzima brothers and their
minions do not sleep comfortably in
their beds at night.

Security Police in the Matanzimas'
fiefdom, the nominally independent
state of Transkei, detained the pall-
bearers at the funeral this week of the
murdered former student leader,

” Bathwanda Ndondo.

Ndondo was gunned down in broad
daylight late last month after he was
taken for questioning by people
suspected of being police.

The pall-bearers, who were arrested
as they deposited the coffin in the
hearse in the small Transkei town of
Cala, were wearing T-shirts bidding
farewell to "Comrade Ndondo."

Similar T-shirts have been wom at

Earlicr, heavily armed police
manned road blocks at both entrances
to Cala, turning away hundreds of
people, including local and overseas
journalists attempting to attend the
funeral. The shaven-headed Transkei
Security Police chief, General
Leonard Kawe, supervised operations

onally.

At the road block closest to the.
South African side of Cala, a grinning
policeman, carrying what looked.
liked an AK-47 rifle, stopped;
journalists. He ordered them to turn
their cars around and leave
immediately.

When asked why, he replied, his
teeth flashing as he grinned: "We are
not obliged to give reasons.”

‘- After the start of the funer2! some
journalists managed ts enter the town,

the funerals of blacks killed by police rt 1
in South Africa, a clear sign that $a alse by Ree tate eave
rebellion which has swept across The general — who was

South Africa's townships for the past
13 months is seeping into Transkei.

Another indication of that;
development is the unofficial but:
politically significant decision by
students at K D Matanzima Secondary:
School in Cala to rename it after!
African National Congress leader’
Nelson Mandela, *

At Ndondo's funeral, mourners
were ordered to strip by police. Those
who were wearing political T-shirts
were also detained.

77

accompanied by an officer who had
served under the notorious former
security chief of the neighbouring
"independent homeland" of Ciskei,
Charles Sebe — said: "You must leave
immediately. We don't want
foreigners here if there is trouble. We
only want Transkeians."

Earlier he had remarked
contemptuously after being told by the
journalists that they had come to
report on the funeral: "Funeral
journalists!"



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

REGIONAL SECRETARY IN BURKINA--The Upper West regional secretary, Salifu Bawa
Dy-Yakah, has called on Ghanaians resident in neighboring countries to promote
political, cultural and economic relations between Ghana and her neighbors.
Addressing the Ghanaian community at Leo during an official visit to the
capital of the Sissili Province of Burkina Faso for a working session with his
counterpart, Mr Dy-Yakah reminded the Ghanaian community that they are
ambassadors whose actions will either promote or destroy the existing
relations between Ghana and Burkina Faso. He appealed to Ghanaians living in
Leo to engage in activities that will not embarrass their home government.

Mr Dy-Yakah said the PNDC [Provisional National Defense Council] is concerned
with the implementation of the economic recovery program and appealed to them
to contribute their quota toward the success of the program. [Text] [Accra
Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 28 Oct 85]

/9599
CSO: 3400/326

10



REPORTER DESCRIBES MAYHEM IN JOHANNESBURG

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 21 Oct 85 p 4

[Article by Nkopane Makobane]

[Text]

I have covered riot
situations in most
black townships, but
when Johannesburg
exploded in front of
my eyes the excite-
ment, the emotion,~
the sheer incredibil-
ity of the situation.
was stunning.

Lhave seenand
heard rampaging mobs,
screaming the popular
“war cry” (siyayi-
nyova), but have never
seen anything like this
before, right in the:
centre of the city.

What I am about to
describe happened last.
Friday in Johannes-
burg andtouse
another scribe’s words,
“Soweto had literally
come to Johannes-
burg”.

A lunch-hour prayer
service for Benjamin
Moloise, the African
National Congress mil-

19317
cso: 3400/293

itant, who was hanged
that day at dawn, had
just ended when hun-
dreds of mourners
filed out of Khotso
House in De Villiers
Street to be met by a
contingent of police-
men waiting outside.

Some of the youths

started chanting “free-
dom” songs, indirectly
or directly, taunting
the policemen. The
youths. were holding
their fists high. Two of
them were holding a

anner.
‘A shortwhile there-
“after, police charged at
the crowd using dogs
and sjamboks and
several people were ar-
rested while others

{fled: They regrouped .

‘at the corners of Wan-
derersand King
George streets.

Nhat infuriated the
mourners more, and

scores of bystanders.

‘who had been drawn

by curiosity, were resi-
dents of flats opposite
Khotso House who
threw tomatoes and
other objects at the
crowd below.

Hell broke loose, as.
‘some youths retaliated
with anything they
could get hold of, bot-
tles, stones and pieces
of concrete. I. never
thought there were
stones in town, but on
that day I saw them.

Asaw a young white
man sitting on the bal-
cony being hit with an
object on the forehead
and falling into the in-
side of flat. Many
other onlookers on the
balconies retreated
into their flats as mis-

siles rained on their:

windows.

While this was hap-
pening, policemen
with dogs kept on
chasing crowds that
ran towards Noord,

52

IJPRS*SSA+85~116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Plein, Wanderers and
King George streets.
The crowd started
mingling with people
from work and idlers
who started smashing
shop windows and
looting.

In the process, seve-
ral white passersby be-
came targets of the
violent mobs. Elderly
white women and
several young white
men were assaulted
and robbed.

At one stage, a man
suspected to be an in-
former was attacked

‘and he avoided serious

injury by running into
a police car. The man
had earlier been active
during the service and
sang freedom songs.
After the service, dur-
ing confrontations with
the police, he was seen
talking to them and
this angered some of
the people.


Situation in Sowetan Schools Bordering on Anarchy
(Nat Diseko; SOWETAN, 17 Oct 85) ..cceccceccccccceevceee

Whites Increasing as Victims of Violence
(THE SOWETAN, 21 Oct 85) ..s.esccececcccevccecceceeceeees

Concern About Increasing Violence Perpetrated by Children
(SOWETAN, 16 Oct 85) ...esevcccccccccececcccenceceeseeees

Student Gives Views of Student-ANC Meeting Clampdown
(Anton Steenkamp; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Oct 85) ..sssseeeceaes

Commentary on Transkei Police Behavior at Student Leader Funeral
(Patrick Laurence; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 18-24 Oct 85) .......

Boycotting Students Move for ‘Alternative’ Education
(Jean Le May; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 18-24 Oct 85) ........000e

Parents Plea for Exam Delay
(Sefako Nyaka; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 18-24 Oct 85) .....eseeee

Children in Townships Adopt Hard Line for Sake of Parents
(THE STAR, 16 Oct 85) ....ccccecece cee ce cece ence seeeeeees

Soweto Youth Congress Will Fight Thugs
(SOWETAN, 23 Oct 85) cecscecececcccceceececncnsececvevens

Five White Groups Join War Against Racism
(SOWETAN, 23 Oct 85) ...cecccescccccecsceceeeseecesecenes

Port Elizabeth's Bishop Condemns White Ignorance of Black ~
Oppression
(Martin Strydom; WEEKEND POST, 5 Oct 85) ...cseeseeeeeeee

Murder Rampant in Port Elizabeth's Black Townships
(Shirley Pressly; WEEKEND POST, 5 Oct 85) .....csee.ee0es

Discontent Simmers in Karroo Towns
(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 18-24 Oct 85) ...esecsceececececeseeee

Police May Guard Black Matrics
(THE STAR, 16 Oct 85) Licececcceeeceeceeneecceseeneneeees

Reporter Stresses Need To Develop Future Black Managers
(SOWETAN, 16 Oct 85) cisccceccccccccecccceececeseenseeeee

Many Obstacles Confront Aspirant Black Managers
(Mike Siluma; THE STAR, 17 Oct 85) ..cseccessecccesceeees

Methodists Resolve To Continue Struggle for Free Society
(THE CITIZEN, 25 Oct 85) sec cece ccc c ees ec ees eco eee ce eens

-d-

69

71

73

75

77

79

81

82

84

85

86

88

90

93

95

97



SITUATION IN SOWETAN SCHOOLS BORDERING ON ANARCHY

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 17 Oct 85 p 6

{Article by Nat Diseko in ‘Focus’ column]

[Text]

0: -describe.
the present.
schooling

situation in So-
weto as chaotic is

no exaggeration.
These recent weeks

shave seen the crisis

deepening with an-
archy ruling supreme
asneverbefore. ~
Since the weekend,’
three ‘secondary schools

have been set alight in
Soweto. They are Dr:

Vilakazi in Zola, Phafo-
gang in Moroka and
Lavela in Zola.

At Dr Vilakazi, the
whole administration
block was destroyed and
two rooms were burnt

,, down at Phafogang.

At Lavela, the dam-;
age was extensive; the’
administration block,
three classrooms, four
offices, library, store-
rooms and four centres
where’ specialised sub-
jects like homecraft are:
taught were destroyed.

69

Many people see the”
formation of the Soweto:
Parents Crisis Commit-
tee at the weekend as a
glimmer of hope in_an
otherwise ‘fast deterio-
rating situation that

- bodes ill for the future.

On Sunday,’ parents
and pupils met at St
Margaret’s Church in
Diepkloof arid formed a
committee to negotiate

. with the authorities on
several burning issues.

Chief among these
were the presence of the
army in the townships
and the impending end
of year exams. The
SPCC has been man-

dated to press for the

- withdrawal of the troops
from Soweto and for the
deferral of the coming

‘exams.

Since the boycott of
classes started some five
months ago, lessons at
most ‘schools went on,
however’ tenuously ‘and

then ‘schooling ‘in the!”

Proper sense ground to a
thalt. ot

JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA+85~*116
21 November 1985

NIGERIA

DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH ISRAEL
Bishop of Jos Calls for Renewed Relations

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 8 Oct 85 p 12

[Article by Musa M.E. Ajogi]

[Text] FOLLOWING Presi- tof. Israel i
Dr. Ganaka said that
dent Babangida’s Ropes that one day —_reasons given for the
Statement on the re- Nigeria will use this piece ture as sympathy with the
view of Nigerian cepa Us land for her Arab. cause could not
Foriegn policy Rt. Rev. embassy. hold water. as Egypt has
Dr G.G. Ganaka the The “Bishop since normali: Te-
Catholic Bishop ot vos out that Nigeria hasalot —_lations with Israel.
has urged the Federal to learn from Israet re- Furthermo:
Military Government to marking that Israel has aah
restore dij re- acquired over the: years, Catholic: Bi: of Jos
Iations with fersel. great experience in con. _—_diisclosed that when these
Speaking to Triumph N barren land reasons were unfounded,
in an exclusive intesview into a pro- baseless and could ‘not
in his Office Dr. Ganaka ductive one by wonderful hold water, our foreign
who is the President of irrigation methods. . policy spokesmen shifted
Catholic BishopsConfer- stated that security ‘ and said that
ence of Nigeria said that tem in Israel is first ligeria could ‘not poss-
it is high time Nigeria s in the whole world ibly have any diplomatic
normalised her relations adding that Nigeria could relations with Israel be-
with Israel. learn from this. cause of her “military”
He outlined that many Thé Bishops said that connectioris with apar-
Nigerians go on pilgrim- whenNigeria broke her _theid South Africa.
age to Jerusalem each relations with Israel it Bishop -Ganaka dis-
year but can not get con- was su; tobeinthe  cribed the reason as
sular facilities there and best interest of O.A.U. bogus because Nigeria is
here as there are no di- According to him, friendly and fas di-.
plomatic ties with Israel, OAU solidarity has now —_—plomatic relations with

pointing out that it is al-

cracked as. Zaire, Mdla-

some Western countries.

ways “visas” with tears wi, Egypt and Liberia that trade with South
for Nigerians , going to have now established‘di- Africa and supply
“Israel. . lomatic relations with weapons to the apartheid
“Dr. Ganaka revealed _-stael stressing that it is regime in South Africa.
that the valuable land unfortunate that Nigeria

Nigerian government ac- -‘#8,_‘not reviewed her

quired in Jerusalem for policy re g her réla-

its embassy is still unde- ‘ons with Israel.

veloped and the author-

ities in- Jerusalem “the

24



SADF MEMBERS AWARDED MEDALS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN ‘in

{Text ]

/8309
cso:

TWENTY-FOUR: mem-
bers of the South African
Defence “Force were
awarded medals and com-
mendations at the Doorn-
kop military base in Jo-
hannesburg yesterday.

Eleven recipients were
awarded the Pro Patria
Medal for services itt con-
nection with the pteven-
tion or combating of ter-
rorism. .

Other awards were the
Good Service Medal
(Gold) for 30 years ser-
vice, the Good Service
Medal (Silver) for 20
years service, the Good
Service Medal (Bronze)
for 10 years service, the
Chief of the SADF's

Commendation Medal for |
distinguished service and~
the Chief of the Army’s ©

Commendation.

‘The officer command-
ing Witwatersrand Com-
mand, Brigadier G H P
Murphy, told the recipi-
ents that they were being
rewarded for their contri-
bution to the develop-
ment of “the best army in
Africa”.

He expressed the hope
that the awards would
inspire the recipients and
their colleagues to even
greater involvement in
South Africa’s- national
objectives, namely the

, combating of terrorism,

the preservation of peace,

3400/332

English 26 Oct 85 p5

and the maintenance of

law and order,
Te olen yee Fo Pala: Chaplin
BG Krug Ponda Command) 8
ie (is Conmand HO), Cd
Sieanan (Wis Command Manesnea

Lar (thro odes
Sauhem Tears 11 8M Sth vgn

mand HO), Seco

iain) Soar Ld J Wak lat
{aon}, Sot HH Car Command,
Wotkshops), Lance pl NF. Kew (Wis
‘Commar ro Unit), G J Botha (Wits

(ts Command, Workshops).

‘SADF Commendation Medal: Chaplain |
4 Moa oemesbn Wsl Cone
mando). Maj MG Wade (Wits Command,

ad Sree Mods (ot: Cop dy

as St AL Hel

‘ht he Amy's Conmendaon: Ma
APD Kolze (Wits Command, Workshops),
Mrs C J Owen

67

JPRS*SSA+85~116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



basis as possible,
grassroots support for
the idea of holding a na-
tional convention at
which a new and ac-
ceptable constitution
would be negotiated.

In my report in the
Rand Daily Mail of
December 30, 1980, in
which the moves to-
wards a convention
movement were re-
vealed, I wrote: “It is
understood that some
representatives, al-
though advocating the:
idea of a national con-;
vention, expressed serl-;
“ous reservations about:
being part of a move-|
ment in which organisa- |
tions participating in
Government-created in-
stitutions are represent:
ed”. , :

This, of course, was a
reference to the views
of Azapo, Dr Jassat, Dr
Salojee, Mr Saloojee
and Bishop Tutu, as
well as Dr Nthato Mot-
lana of the Soweto Civic
Association who had
been sounded out about
the next meeting, sche-
duled for March 1981,

When the story broke,
some members of the
PFP and the Black Sash
were angered. And no
wonder. Azapo imme-
diately rejected such a
movement as “a bank-
rupt idea” and a “gim-
mick”. So did others
who were opposed to:

19317

cso: 3400/293

"working with organisa-

tions represented in ap-
proved political institu-
tions.

jons.

Dr Slabbert said the
less the possibility of
starting such a move-
ment was explored in
public, “the greater the
likelihood that it will
succeed”. He added that
he was waiting to hear
about further explorato-
ry talks. “I am quite
willing to explore the
degree of support for
the idea”,

The idea didn’t get
much support, judging
from the fact that the
movement didn’t really
get off the ground. nt

Last week, Mr Hen-.
drickse said: “It did not
last a year because of «
the differences in strat--
egy.”

Which is an odd thi
to say, because in 1980,
the Labour Party was
-still an enthusiastic
member of the SA

Black Alliande, headed
by Chief Mangosuthu
Buthelezi,;ds was the
Reform Party under Mr

Chinsamy, although
-they had strategic ‘dif-
ferences. / :

‘The Labour Party
and the ‘Black Alliance
parted company only
‘after the Labour Party
‘decided: to participate
in the ew tricameral
-parliathent, saying it

‘was using the new sys-
tem as a strategy. -

In that, the Labour
Party now has more in
common with the PFP,
which also says it is
using the new Parlia-
ment to bring about
change, than with the
National Party.

Yet, Mr Hendrickse is
a member of the Na-
tional Party-dominated
Cabinet, and in theory,
Labourites and the Nats
are using the same
means to a different
end. to
The Nats are against
a national convention,
and that may be the
real reason why Mr

‘Hendrickse is having a

60

go at the proposed na-
tional convention alli-
ance.

Now the new alliance
is coming together a
second time around.

For Mr Hendrickse, it
may be different the
second time around
with a new partner.

- For the proposed con-
vention alliance, it may
not be much different.

Although Inkatha’s
membership has in-
creased substantially
since 1980, 'the PFP, by
its own admission, lost
much support during
the referendum cam-
paign. The second time
around, it has managed

jto get the support of
some big businessmen,
| who may carry a lot of
clout with the Govern-
ment,’ but nevertheless
can’t expect much sup-
port from their black
workers,

| _For opponents of the
j alliance, the second
itjme around might be
‘miuch easier. Since the
1989 attempt, the Unit-
ed Democratic Front
has come on to the
scene, and so has the
National Forum Com-
mittee, ed
More ‘ihe ney al

the ANC has now re}
jected a national’ con-
vention unless it'is td,
hand over.:power. In
i that regard, the ANC,
! PAC and/Azapo have
moved mich loser ‘in
their thinking. my

_ Add V4 thatjthe sup;
ort fot the growin
rade union movemeygt
and fot the UDF, it

even more ‘likely t!

new il
still-born.
In that cas¢; Mr Hen-
drickse may fot
off the mar!

"Except that when a
national ednvention
does come'about —
whether ‘on the
ANC/PAC/Azapo/UDF
basis or that of the Na-
tional Convention Alli-
ance — Mr Hendrickse
may not be invited.



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

PLO RELATIONS--Port Louis and the Palestine Liberation Organisation established
diplomatic relations at ambassador-level at the beginning of October. The PLO

was allowed to open an office in Mauritius last year. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN
OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 19 Oct 85 p 7]

/8309
CSO: 3400/334

17



PRESIDENTIAL COMMITTEE ON IMF LOAN PRESS STATEMENT

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 12 Oct 85 pp 13-14

[Text]

-INTRODUCTION:

The attention of the general public is hereby drawn to
@ recent publication by the Cabinet Office in which
details of the negotiations so tar held between Nigeria
and the IMF were provided. This publication was, for

example, carried by the Sunday Times of 28th”

September, 1985 (See pages 7, 12 and 13).

2. The Committee, however, wishes to bring some
additional information to the attention of the public and
to highlight certain aspects of the Report with a view to
facilitating an easier and fuller assessment of the situa-
tion.

Economic Situation Before and After.the Application
to the IMF 2

+3. It is considered necessary to provide a more
comprehensive picture of the performance of the
Nigerian economy before and after Nigeria resorted
to the IMF for a balance of payments support loan.
There had been a drastic fall in the country’s earn-
ings from oil export which, for example, accounted
for 97% of total export earnings in 1982 as follows:-

Year Amount (4 in biltion)
1980 12.037
1981 10,68

s 1982 8.03

+1983 6.386

1984 8.318 .

34

JPRS*SSA*85+116
21 November 1985

NIGERIA



INCREASING NUMBER OF WHJTES SEEK MEETING WITH ANC

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 21 Oct 85 p 11 ‘

[Text]

LUSAKA: Suddenly
the telephone and
telex lines to the Af-
rican National Con-
-gress’ offices have
become some of the
busiest in the Zam-
bian capital.

An increasing num-
ber of white South Af-
ricans are trying to.
contact the ANC for
meetings.

Although the ANC,
has not backed off its
publicly-stated deter-
mination to intensify the:
“armed struggle”, the
dominant theme today
is dialogue and dis-
cussion, the identifying
of interests and the
need to eliminate mis-:
conceptions and -mis-
understandings.

Clearly, dialogue
with the ANC, despite
the gulf that must be
bridged between the
organisation and South

19317
cso: 3400/289

Africa’s white estab-
lishment, has captured
the South African
imagination.

Within the ANC|
there is buoyancy.

In an interview,. Si-
mon Makana, a 'mem-
ber of the ANC ex-
ecutive,’ said the dia-
logue was -“good” be
cause it was the duty of
all: South Africans to
help. solve their coun-
try’s problems.

“We cannot pretend
nothing is happening.”

Asked whether.

there had been an in-

crease in the number »

of white South Afri-
cans seeking contact.

“and dialogue, with the:
« ANC,.Mr.Makana con-

ceded:
“There” have “been
many, many more con-

tacts’ than those that _
have been made‘pub-
lic, I think the tempo'is »

increasing and I.think
it will increase fur-
ther.”

He declined to say
who had contacted the
ANC, but he said that
among those who had
done so were students,
ch&rchmen, journalists

- and individual busi-

nessmen.

“[ think there has ~

been some melting on
both sides. This is
something we wel-
come. We think it is a
healthy trend. We
must-talk to one
another.” .

If the Stellenbosch

‘ University Students
had been allowed their .

passports to travel to

Zambia, they would’

have met a delegation
of leaders of the ANC

Youth Section led by a-
young man who uses °

the name Andrew
Mkhize.

54

JPRS*SSA*85~116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

The ANC Youth
Section’ is a political
generation born
largely out of the fires
of Soweto in 1976 and
steeped in conspiracy.

In, this respect, its
members differ’ from
the Tambos, Mandelas °
and Sisutus who, be-
tween 1942 and 1944,
formed what was
known as the ANC
Youth League. Where
that generation was es-
sentially public, the

+ ANC youth of today

are involved in clan-
destine methods.

The youth Mkhize’s
15-member secretariat
leads are referred to
within the ANC as the
“young lions” because
of their reputation for
fearlessness and there

“appears to be a good

deal of respect for
them among the older
section of the ANC
leadership.


JPRS*SSA*85~116
21 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

MERCENARY DAM SCHEME--Mercenaries could be hired to ensure the protection of
Mozambique's Cabora Bassa dam and the high-tension power line between

South Africa and Maputo, a South African official revealed on October 9. Talks
on the scheme were scheduled between South Africa's Electricity Supply
Commission (ESCOM) and Louis NEL, deputy minister for information (who is
clearly continuing to be embroiled in Mozambican affairs in spite of his reported
differences with the foreign minister Roelof 'Pik' Botha), ESCOM said it had
already had discussions with its Mozambican equivalent, but these had not gone
beyond the exploratory stage. This news coincides with a report in the West
German magazine DER SPIEGEL that a "Federation of German Legionaries" was
negotiating with an unspecified African state over the protection of an oil
pipeline from terrorists. Also to be noted is 'Pik' Botha's visit to Maputo
on October 11 for a meeting with Mozambique's economic affairs minister,
Jacinto Veloso and intelligence chief Teodoato Hunguanam. What they discussed
has remained secret. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English

19 Oct 85 p 2]

MNR SPLIT--The personal diary of Mozambican National Resistance president
Afonso Dlakhama, which was seized when the rebel.movement's ‘headquarters in the
Gorongosa Mountains was captured by government forces at the end of August,
reveals the existence of rivalries between Mr Dlakhama, the leader of the
operational wing of the MNR inside Mozambique, and the organisation's Lisbon-
based secretary~general, Evo Fernandes, according to a report by the Mozambican
news agency, AIM, on October 10. The report said that several times Mr Dlakhama
complained to South African army colonel Charles Van Niekerk, an intelligence
officer who was apparently responsible for day-to-day relations with the MNR,
that Mr Fernandes and the MNR's Lisbon spokesman Jorge Correia, were getting
more publicity than he was. In fact, Evo Fernandes, accused by the Mozambican
authorities of being a member of the former Portuguese secret police, the PIDE,
was allegedly been appointed by Colonel Van Niekerk at the request of the South
African military, and not on a vote within the MNR. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN
OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 19 Oct 85 p 3]

TRADE PACT WITH MOSCOW--The Soviet Union and Mozambique signed a trade agreement
covering the next five years on October 11 in Moscow. According to the Soviet
news agency, TASS, the agreement, signed respectively by deputy foreign trade
minister Gennadi Juravlev and foreign trade minister Joaquim Ribeiro de Carvalho,
"will substantially increase the value of trade between the two states, which
has reached 139.1 million roubles" (around 180 million dollars). The Soviet
Union provides Mozambique with machinery, trucks, oil and food, and purchases
minerals and agricultural produce. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER

in English 19 Oct 85 p 7]

20



/12828

cso:

3400/305

~ They were also unaware of the fear among oldér black
people, not only of the situation but also for their children, .

“Many are horrified by some of the things that are’
happening. But they understand that if black people are
collaborating with a system they see as demonic — there
will be consequences, .

“They are horrified by the consequences and frightened
themselves. A lot of black people are frightened, not of the
army, but because of what is happening in the townships.”

He also said whites were ignorant of the breadth of the
political knowledge and awareness among black people,
specially young people, “and their total rejection of the
present system”.

“So that any talk of reform is a non-subject for them
because it is all part of the system which is -hated and
rejected and seen to be evil.

“It is seen as a crime against humanity, never mind
against the South African factor.” :

Any reforms are useless as far as they are concerned

~ unless there is a dismantling of the system of apartheid
_first, he said.

87



She noted that a majon.
of nations which _had*
-looked up to the IMF for!
solace ended up the worse.”
for it, adding that!
“government will not have:
‘any excuse if anything goes:
wrong, as it had" been’
sufficiently alerted of the
possible dangers
consequent on the loan.”

Dr. Nwigwe also called
‘on all Nigerian women to
heip Nigeria find its feet by
vigilantly monitoring _all:
national issues, with a view
to contributing effectively
to the debate on such
matters.

And in Nsukka, the head
of department of
economics, University of
Nigeria, Nsukka, Dr. Apia
Okorafor, said that living
standards would worsen
further if the country. took
the IMF loan.

‘Dr. Okorafor said that the
“three known pre-
conditions for taking the
‘oan were too harsh and
would not -offer anything
good to the Nigerian
citizenry.”

He said that devaluing
the currency held few
benefits for Nigeria since
imports would be costlier
and exports cheaper and,
“we do not even have
much to export.”

He said that even it the
country hac much to
export, such exports would
still be- dependent on
how much was imoorted,
since most of Nigeria's
industries depended on
imported raw materials and
machinery

Another report from
‘Enugu | said that. the
secretary of the Enugu

/8309
cso: 3400/306

‘branch’ of the Nigerian
Ynstitute df Bankers (NIB),
Mr. Jerome Ewulu, has
suggested that Nigeria
reject the IMF loan, and
instead institute economic
‘policy reforms.

Mr. Ewulu said that the.
country should “increase
‘the inflow of investment,
from abroad by allowing
foreign investors to send’
home certain agreed
amounts of profits from,
their investment, which he:
said woul in turn
encourage n.ore foreign
investment.

Also, he continued,

management policy,
stressing greater “financial
discipline’ by closing
loopholes for corrupt
practices and ‘xy “fully
commercia:.sing
governmy-nt parastatis.”

41



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CHILDREN IN TOWNSHIPS ADOPT HARD LINE FOR SAKE OF PARENTS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 16 Oct 85 p 19

[Text]

“A 19-year-old black girl on her way to a private sec
‘retarial college was grabbed by five “comrades” —
young political activists — in central Johannesburg
yesterday and taken to a “re-education centre” in a
city hotel.

‘The “kidnappers” waylaid the young woman at the
entrance to the college and took her to the secret
rendezvous, where several other “comrades” were
waiting. .

Before managing to sneak out she was lectured on
why black schools were being boycotted and why
every black person needed to make sacrifices for the
struggle, she later told her parents.

“Communal interests must take precedence above
those of individuals and every black person should
make sacrifices for the benefit of the whole commu-
nity,” she was told at the secret meeting.

Now, the girl's parents are faced with the dilem-
ma of whether to listen to the “comrades” or to defy
them “at our own peril”.

“Her mother admits that she does not know what to

do, as do.many others faced with similar choices.

“as much as I understand the problems facing the
black community, I find it difficult and extremely
painful to accept that my child will have to face the
future without an education,” she said.

Since civil unrest started sweeping black townships
more than a year ago, incidents of “re-education” —
ranging from the burning of “sell-outs” and their

- property to intimidation of scabs — have grown.

@ At least twice a week workers are forced to
walk long distances from the outskirts of townships
because bus drivers refuse to enter the townships.

@ Buses and taxis are ransacked and consumer boy-
cott breakers punished, often ruthlessly.

@ Children continue to boycott schools and have
threatened to stay away next year to commem-
morate the 10th anniversary of the 1976 uprisings.

@ It is the children who have taken over the running
of political funerals and often persuade unwilling
parents to attend them. ‘

82



JPRS+SSA*85+116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HENDRICKSE'S STATEMENT QN NATIONAL CONVENTION ALLIANCE CHALLENGED

Durban: POST NATAL in English 16-19 Oct 85 p 8 '

[Article by Ameen Akhalwaya]

[Text]

ther misquoted last week, or his memo-
ry may have deserted him. Or perhaps
my memory has deserted me.

Last week, the Labour Party leader and Cabinet
Minister attacked the proposed National Conven-
tion Alliance, describing it as “still-born”. Mr Hen-
drickse was quoted as saying that a convention alli-
ance had been proposed at the Labour Party con-
gress in December 1980 by Mrs Joyce Harris of the
Black Sash.

The congress, he rtedly said, had been at-
tended by representatives of the Labour Party,
Progressive Federal Party, Black Sash, Inkatha,
Transvaal Indian Congress and “the black con-
sciousness movement”.

For one thing, the TIC did not exist then. It was
revived only in 1983. “The black consciousness
movement” does not exist in South Africa.

At the time, the only two black consciousness or-
ganisations existing were Azapo and the Media
: Workers’ Association of SA (Mwasa). .
I was present at the -
1980 Labour congress —
in my capacity as polit-
ical reporter of the
Rand Daily Mail.1 did
not see any “TIC” or:
“BCM” members there.

Perhaps Mr Hen-
drickse was mistaking
it for earlier explorato-
ry meetings about a
convention movement. -

At those meetings, Dr’
Essop Jassat and Mr
Cassim Salojee, then
unaffiliated, Dr Rashid ‘
Salojee, then leader of

Ti: Reverend Allan Hendrickse was ei-

the People’s Candidates
group in Lenasia, and
Bishop Desmond Tutu,
‘were present.

This is how I recall
the events leading to
the proposed convention
in 1980.

It was November of
that year, and a leading
Labour Party member,
who was strongly op-
posed to Inkatha be-
cause of statements at-
tributed to it during the
coloured and Indian
school boycotts, told me
about the proposed con-
vention movement.
~ About the same time,
leading Azapo officials
said they had been ap-
proached to join explor-
atory talks, but because
Inkatha, the Progress-
ive Federal Party and
the Labour Party were
participating, they
wanted nothing ‘to do
with it. They were also
opposed to supporting
any white initiative.

The story wasn’t
written then. Along
with other Mwasa
members, I was on
strike at the time. When
the strike ended shortly
before Christmas, I

59

started working on the
story again. And soon it
was confirmed.

The inspiration be-
hind the movement was
the Black Sash. It was
at the time the Presi-
dent’s Council had been
created and the Govern-
ment was still planning

| the tricameral parlia-
{ ment.

All the groups pres-
ent at the exploratory
talks, including the
PFP and Labour Party,
shunned the President’s
Council.

Among others. who

attended the prelimi-
nary meetings were Dr
Van Zyl Slabbert of the
|PFP, Inkatha’s. Dr
Oscar Dhlomo and Mr
‘Gibson Thula, Mr
Clarence. September
and Mr Miley Richards
of the Labour Party and
Mr Yellan Chinsamy of
the Reform Party.

Azapo and the Natal
Indian Congress refused
to attend.

According to a work-
ing paper presented at
a preliminary meeting
in Johannesburg in No-

ivember 1980, the goal of
the convention move-
ment would be to dem-
onstrate, on as wide a



@ At the funerals, thé’ credentials of the Press are
checked by the children and told what they can and
cannot do. A number of photographers have had their
films seized and exposed by children.

@ Unwilling businesspeople are known to have made
financial contributions to the bereaved families at
the request of the children. They put up their shutters
without complaining when ¢alled upon to do so.

In a letter to a Sunday newspaper. a woman who
{identified herself only as “Widowed Mother” ex-
“pressed more anger. .

“I am a peace-lover and there are many things
happening now that make me sick. In the townships I
am told I must not buy from town, that { must attend
funerals..I do not use buses as they are attacked.”

“Widowed Mother” probably summed up the anger
felt by others, who dare not come ont in the open.

Have the parents indeed lost-control of the children
and the township situation?.

The mother of the kidnapped 19-yéar-old woman
admits that she has lost control, but finds it difficult
, to condemn the children without reservations,

Last weekend Soweto parents ‘and pupils decided

* to form a crisis committee to negotiate with the Gov-
ernment for the withdrawal of troops from the town-
ships and the deferral of school examinations.

This was a second attempt to hold the meeting. A
- previous meeting was banned and the organisers

were detained but later released without being
charged.

After the meeting, parents said they wanted their
childrén back at school, but the extent to which they
succeeded would depend on the attitude of the auth-
‘orities, .

It was the Government’s attitude to the Soweto Cri-
sis Committee's intervention which would either
strengthen or destroy what little confidence the
Pupils might still have in their parents, the parents
sa

“It is the constant slap in the face from the Gov-
ernment that has cost us our children’s respect.

“We have constantly forced our children to go.back
to school, with the promise that things would improve
but this has not happened. The children have no faith
in.us any more.” °

A social worker, who is also a parent, said she
was filled with feelings of ambivalence, fear and un-
certainty. a

“I find it difficult to condone anarchy; at the same
time I cannot accept the protection of soldiers capa-
ble of shooting dead a helpless four-year-old child.”

She said it was ironic that the parents’ seemingly

soft approach to the political problems was for the
sake of their children. And the children had adopted a
hard line for the sake of their parents. .
* The question most parents were asking now was:
“Will the Government allow us to regain the lost
confidence and restore order to the townships — by
not banning meetings or detaining us?” 2

/9317
CSO: 3400/288

83



JPRS*SSA*85~*116
21 November 1985

NEW AFRIKANER YOUTH GROUP--Afrikaans student leaders attended the launch
last week of a new Afrikaner youth organisation opposed to racial discrimi-
nation, Jeug Aksie Suid Afrika, at Rand Afrikaans University in Johannesburg.
Chairman of the steering committee is Afrikaner Studentebond: (ASB) president
Martinus van Schalkwyk. A student leader stressed the new organisation

was not in opposition ‘to the ASB. "The ASB is-a non-political, cultural
movement; whereas’ Jeug Aksie will provide a formal structure for young
Afrikaners to take up ‘political issues." Anyone younger than 29 may join
the organisation which believes in non+racialism, a free-market economy,

the recognition of basic human rights, one SA with a central government
based on the concept: of power-sharing and the right of éach group to

protect its traditions and culture. RAU chairman Magnus Taljaard said he
believed most students’ at RAU opposed the now-aborted visit by Stellen-
bosch University students to Lusaka to talk to the African National Congress
Youth League. Taljaard, speaking in his personal capacity, ‘said he could
not agree to the talks because the "ANC was’prepared to kill and maim
innocent people to reach their political objectives." [Text] [Johannes-
burg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 Oct 85 p 5]

MATANZIMA AT INDEPENDENCE CELEBRATIONS--Umtata--The Transkei State President,
paramount Chief Kaiser Matanzima, addressed thousands of people at the ninth
independence celebrations held at the Umtata Independence Stadium and told
them a war declared on South Africa was a war declared on Transkei. Chief
Matanzima said the ANC and their "stooges" were the enemies of the Black
people of South Africa and other Black. states and said everybody should stand
firm in the defence.of their heritage. "Transkeians can agree to join a
federation of independent states on three departments only and that is
foreign affairs, defence and finance, and Transkei will never ..dismantle her
sovereignty in which she is capable of determining her human and material
development. He said the emergency regulations of South Africa and Transkei
declared at different: times were intended to save the lives of innocent,
peaceful Blacks in attacks by communist inspired terrorists.—-SAPA. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 Oct 85 p 13]

DETAINEES CAN NOW BUY FOOD--State of Emergency detainees are now allowed
access to selected reading matter in addition to the Bible, and to buy
food from prison shops, following a change in the Emergency regulations ga-
zetted last Friday. This emerged in affidavits brought in reply to an
urgent application about the conditions of three Emergency detainees,
which came before a Rand Supreme Court judge on Tuesday. The application
was brought by Simon Radcliffe, Auret van Heerden and Innocent Mukwebo
on behalf of her son, Themba Andrew Nhlapo, against the government, the
Minister of Law and Order and the Minister of Justice. Justice D.
Melamet postponed the case until Tuesday and ordered the respondents to
submit replying affidavits. It is argued in papers submitted by lawyers
for the three detainees and their families that certain provisions of

the Emergency regulations relating to restrictions on access to food,
reading material and on visits to detainees are punitive and therefore
unlawful. Radcliffe, 32, and Van Heerden, 30, have been held at
Johannesburg Prison since the declaration of the State of Emergency on
et 21. [Text] [Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 18-24 Oct 85

P

118



the Girondins. Further south, old Joshua Nkomo, whose quarrel with Mugabe
extends back over 23 years, is hauling his weary bulk. through hostile’
countryside, harassed. and stoned, his fate as explicit as Danton's.

ZIMBABWE is where the hopes invested in post-colonial black Africa have been
reborn: Scandinavian aid agencies compete to finance -its cooperatives, the
great powers manoeuvre for a friendly slice of its. non-alignment, European
and Australian schoolteachers flood in to teach in its new schools, feminists
arrive to assist the women's movement and (on occasion) to compare the bruises
inflicted by their new, unreconstructed lovers. : :

Yet Zimbabwe labours, as Prime Minister Mugabe constantly reiterates, under
an inherited burden--the imperialist legacy of the ‘Lancaster House constitution
of December, 1979, which. brought the civil war to a close.

The 20 seats (out-of 100) reserved for white voters are, of course, an
anarchronism and a: legitimate irritant, but what most incenses Mugabe. are
the short-term guarantees for pluralistic parliamentary democracy.

"Only when there is one Zimbabwean people with one leader--theparty--will
a scientific reorganisation of society along socialist lines be possible."
Western-style pluralism, he recently told journalists, brings. only "chaos
where anybody can run any group, including killer groups, the Ku Klux Klan
and the Red brigade."

But how ‘the one-party state would dispose of his own great problem, armed
dissidence in Matabeleland, he has never explained. «By any logic, to deprive
Zapu of its legal existence would only inflame Ndebele resistance there:

as the leader of a nationalist party banned for almost 20 years, Mugabe

must surely know that.

The one-party state is an.undefined panacea. It is "unity". . According

to Didymus Mutasa, Speaker of the House of Assembly, it is a peculiarly
African symbiosis of.marxism and the tradition of obedience .to the ‘chief.

It is “communalism".. Yet Zimbabwe is a "socialist" country without prospect
of socialism, as was.admitted to me by a senior official-who helped draft
the ruling party's election manifesto.

Zanu (PF) has eagerly adopted the Communist apparatus of central committees
and politburos, while leaving the economy in the hands of private companies
bothered only by minimum.wage legislation and laws which prevent dismissals.
without the approval of the relevant ministry. It is the unified, monopolistic
power structures of eastern Europe, China and North Korea that.appeal to

the left-leaning bourgeoisis who now dominate Zanu (PF)'s central

committee. - ‘

Though the word "tribal" is not kosher in western liberal circles, being
regardéd as demeaning, it is on the lips of every Zimbabwean--their tribalism,
not outs, of course--and the outcome of the election demonstrates painfully
that what counts in Zimbabwe is sub-national identity, language and culture
and historical tradition.,

121



cil you represent and
which you would have us
believe that it'represents
the interest of muslims
all over the country.

Its efforts have been a
failure and afl pointers

show that it will remain

so.

The few Ulamas with-
in aré moré of society
men who see nothing in
the system as long as a
muslim rules.

Where was the Su

reme Council for Islamic.

Affairs when muslim in-
terests were disregarded.
in major policy issues
such as the Shari'a, the
continued proliferation
of beer breweries even in
the north, and the sub-
ordination of islamic
views and studies in our
institutions?

Where was the sup:
reme council when

/8309
cso: 3400/309

yenal code was imposed
en the faithfuls in the
north? The Baba addinis
(what ever that means) in
the south have been call-
ing: for Shari’a courts in
the south,.how many
times have our own Baba
Addinis advocated for
the abolishing of the pen-
al code?

It is time that your
council woke up to its re-
sponsibilities.

To give credit where it
is due, I really believe as
you do that, “It is
through education that
people can really under-
stand what religion
means” so many schools
and institutions abound
to the credit of the Dari-

~ga and Izaia movements

in Nigeria.

We are, however still
awaiting ‘a $i me
schoo! for islamic stu-
dies’ .

28



power with respect to their many and diffuse interests and those (perhaps) of
their allies, who may be allies from pure hearts, for strategic reasons, or
simply out of veiled constraint.

On this level, therefore, one can distinguish several areas whose number,
dimension, and significance depend on the geopolitical view of the country
concerned and on its more or less specific idea of its own role in the concert
of nations. All of this is apparently helpful in visualizing the . various
kinds of potential threats facing the nation and in sharpening the "tools"
most suitable for countering those threats.

The first of those areas--the holy of holies, the veritable Kaaba--is_ the
"national sanctuary," which the military traditionally describe briefly as the
"redoubt" in terms of strategy for the defense of a sensitive point and for
the integrity of which it is everyone's duty--a national duty--to fight every
inch of the way to the point of making the supreme sacrifice.

Beyond that come the glacis and the borderlands constituting the land, sea,
and air spaces in which even the temporary deployment of forces other than
those to which one has become accustomed and against which a consistent
counterstrategy has already been sketched out arouses justified questions as
to the intentions of the originator of that new or strengthened threat to the
life of the national sanctuary.

Last but not least, there are the areas of national interest scattered around
the world. They cover--according to the West~-those countries linked to the
state in question by defense agreements or by cultural or vital economic flows
or perhaps by a similar philosophical approach to the world's political and
moral development. Added to those countries and completing the loop of areas
of national interest are the maritime areas essential to the merchant traffic
of the country concerned.

As can easily be seen, the primary purpose of the glacis and the borderlands
is to provide protection, and they are part of a strategy for the periphery
that very naturally leads rulers and other strategists to seek relations of
coexistence between their own countries and those on the periphery so as to be
able to benefit from strategic and economic facilities that are sure and
durable because they are mutual.

In this connection, and in connection with everything related in general to
the Soviet Union's global strategy, it has been widely stressed in the
specialized Western press since 1960--the key year, oddly, as far as the
independence of African countries is concerned--that the USSR is striving not
only to increase its influence on its own periphery and that of its Eastern
allies but also to increase its ability to monitor if not to control all the
continents and the major shipping routes.

According to those media, the Soviet Union is implementing a three-level
strategy in its pursuit of those geopolitical objectives: a peripheral
strategy, an ideological strategy, and a maritime strategy.



JPRS*SSA*85+116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NATION'S FALLING FORTUNES IN REGIONAL, FOREIGN POLICIES TRACED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 20 Oct 85 p 29

{Article by John Barratt and Bryan Bench] '

[Text] : _ ae veh pte

N JUNE 1984 a sense of euphoria pervaded South Africa’s..white

community. Mr P. W Botha that month became the first South

African Prime Minister since General Smuts to engage in high-level’ _

discussions with the leaders of several important West European :

states in their own capitals.“ ~ Bee es

i His European visit had been made possible by the achievement of the

Lusaka Agreement with Angola and the Nkomati Accord with Mozambique, as well
as by his advocacy of domestic political reform. . .

Western governments reacted a positively to these initiatives and in particular
Li aretinee the acceptance of the new Constitution by whites as a “‘step in the
ri rection”. tole fos

South Africa was perceived as moving away from apartheid ahd a political
system based on colour. In other words, great expectations were aroused that a

ceful evolutionary process of reform was possible in South Africa, which would
lead towards an acceptable democratic and stable political system... ;

Likewise, it appeared . ° 4
that the Government was .
seeking new ways of pro-
moting stability and -co-
operation in the Southern

African region, in place of P hat has hap-
its former policies of pened to cause
destabilising its neigh- such a decline in

bours.

A year later, the contrast
in international percep.
tions of South Africa is
stark!

The negative perceptions
of the Government’s dom-
estic policies are now
worse than they were be-
fore reform got under way,
and allegations are again
rife that South Africa’s re-
gional _polic
still one of keeping its
neighbours unstable.

is basically _

This contrast has been
glaringly apparent in the
aftermath of President
Botha’s August 15 speech,
including the mild rash of
sanctions which has broker
out, leading to. the current
meeting of Commonwealth
‘Heads of Government,
where one of our major
, trading partners is ler
‘severe pressure and where
a compromise package of
sanctions is likely to be ac-
cepted. .

43

the _Gover-

ment’s: interna-
tional ‘fortunes in such a
relatively short period of
‘time — a decline which has
inevitably affected the for-
tunes of the country as a
whole?

This ‘dramatic change
can be seen in terms of a
succession of events, begin-
ning with the August 1984
elections for: the coloured
and Asian Houses of Parlia-

“,mefite.



And only by the conscience of independent Africa, because while Africa was a
nonperson at Yalta and therefore viewed solely in terms of the interests of
the European countries--a fact not of a sort to please the Soviet Union--the
question remains as to whether African independence has altered European and
Soviet geopolitical views of the African continent in the slightest degree.

In other words, from being a zone of influence, land of markets, and source of
raw materials for Europe, which it was, thanks to colonization, before the era
of independence, what has the Africa of states become with the patina of time?

That question may offend some people's sensitivities, particularly in Africa.
Kspecially when one forgets, or pretends not to know, that Europe is more
fearful of the expansion of Soviet influence in Africa as a strategy designed
to enable the Soviets to control Europe's source of raw materials and energy
(not all such sources, but the bulk of them) than as an ideological threat.
And when one remembers that even Lenin in his day observed that control of
Africa would lead to control of Europe, one is better able to understand why
Africa--our Africa--has become the transfer zone for the conflicts being
carried on between East and West through the African countries, | Because East
and West are both being observant, and quite shrewdly so. In other words,
they are observing in the light of geopolitics. And both in the East and in
the West, as we are tired of hearing, that geopolitics is concerned with the
strategic and economic facilities of the ideologically similar states or
groups of states located on their continental and maritime peripheries. This
is done in constant consideration of the compelling fact of our time that
local problems become worldwide problems--a phenomenon made inevitable by the
economic interdependence of nations. It is a phenomenon which itself
sometimes, if not always, leads to inextricable strategic complementarities
that quickly become operative thanks to the subsonic speed of information and
the lightning progress of science and technology. This happens all the more
quickly in that intervention or rapid deployment forces benefiting from
extensive logistic facilities--throughout the world and especially in Africa-~
are watching everywhere with weapons at the order arms. The weapons in this
case are being held on the bridge of an aircraft or that of a warship.

You may be thinking that we have wandered a long .way from our original
topic, but we have not wandered all that far.

Not all that far because it is precisely in order to defend or expand areas of
interest that the strategies outlined above are developed and refined in both
the Fast and the West. So it is far from superfluous--for Africa especially
and with a continuing view to the delimitation of its areas of interest~-to
cast a furtive glance at geopolitics in the East and particularly in the West.

In Western strategic thinking generally, it is felt that the space to be
protected by deterrence involves a great number of diverse parameters, both
objective and subjective, some avowed and some unmentionable. Included pell-
mell among those parameters are, unquestionably, the, right of the states to
(inalienable) sovereignty and integrity, the right to be different (also
inalienable), and the duty to guarantee those rights and many others as
well--meaning, in the final analysis, the right of those states to exercise



AREAS OF DISAGREEMENT. :

~ 9, The measures on which no basic agreement could

be reached between the Nigeria officials and the IMF

staff were as follow: : :

(a). Trade Liberalisation: The IMF officials had-in-
sisted that Nigerian should liberalise her trade policy
by abolishing the Advance Deposit Scheme, decen-
tralising Form ‘‘M"’ approvals, eliminating the ab-
solute-prohibition of certain goods, phased removal
of quantitative restrictions on imports and reduction
in the number of goods under. specific import
licence requirement. The IMF staff favoured greater
use of the tarrifs and exchange rate action to con-
trol imports into the country. The first two
measures were accepted and, in fact, implemented.
The others were not. However, in 1984, the IMF Ex-
ecutive Board, in considering the 1983 Article IV
Consultation report on Nigeria, accepted that trade
liberalisation should be considered in the context of
foreign exchange availability.

(b) Removal of Petroleum Subsidies: The \MF of-
ficials recommended the removal of the subsidies
on petroleum products in Nigeria. This would be
made in one step or, at most, over the three-year
period of the EFF programme. The objective, accor-
ding to the Fund staff, was to curtail waste in the
domestic consumption of petroleum products, in-
crease export of either crude or refined petroleum
products, and generate income for government.

(c) Adjustment o% the Rate of Exchange of the
Naira: . :

The IMF considered that the Naira was over-
valued by abr ut 60% as at May, 1984, and recom-
mended a 25—30% initial devaluation so as to br-
ing the Naira to parity with the US Dollar. This
would be followed by quarterly review (and possible
further devaiuations depending on the petformance
of the economy after the adoption of the pro-
gramme) until ii. element of over-valuation was eli-
minated: The IMF Staff argued that devaluation
would increase the Naira content of oil export earn-
ings, encourage domestic production for export
especially agriculture products, discourage importa-
tion, encourage research into local substitutes for
imported goods including raw materials, stimulate
more judicious allocation of resources in the
economy, and remove the hidden subsidies on im-
ports which benefit largely the importer.

REFINANCING OF TRADE ARREARS

10. It should be noted that parallel to the negotiations
fer the IMF loan, Nigerian officials were also engaged in
negotiations to refinance the short-term trade arrears so

37



JPRS“SSA*85~116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ACCRA TO HOST OATUU CONGRESS--Ghana will host next the extraordinary
congress of the Organization of African Trade Union Unity scheduled to
take place in Accra in February next year. This was announced at the end
of the just ended meeting of the Executive Committee in Accra. A
statement issued by the committee appealed to all African trade unionists
to regard the forthcoming congress as a forum of unity reminding them
that massive participation in the congress would consolidate the unity
of the African working class. [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English
15 Oct 85 p 1]

NEW MAIZE, RICE PRICES--The Ministry of Agriculture at the week-end
announced new minimum guaranteed prices for maize and paddy rice.
According to a statement signed by Dr I.K. Adjei-Maafo, Secretary for
Agriculture, a 100 kilogramme bag of dry maize will now sell at a minimum
guaranteed price of ¢2,000. A 100-kilogramme weight of wet maize will
fetch a minimum price of ¢1,000 while the guaranteed minimum price of
paddy is ¢2,000 per bag of 90 kilogrammes. The statement explained that
the new guaranteed prices provided by the government should not be mis-
construed as the control prices. They are meant to ensure that farmers
fully cover their production costs. Farmers therefore, can sell above
the new prices whenever they have the opportunity. The minimum guaranteed
prices are designed to give farmers decent levels of income and insulate
them from cappiciéus middlemen, the statement added. [Text] [Accra
GHANAIAN TIMES in English 14 Oct 85 p 8]

NEW EXCHANGE RATES--The Bank of Ghana yesterday announced new exchange
rates for the cedi in relation to the world's major currencies.

According to a statement from the bank, the cedi equivalent of one US
dollar is now ¢60 instead of ¢57. The pound sterling, ¢85.67 instead

of €78.92 and the Deutsche Mark ¢23.01 instead of £20.42. The new rates
took effect from the close of business last Friday. The last adjustment
of the cedi was on August 12.--GNA [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC .
in English 9 Oct 85 p 16]

UNION'S EXECUTIVES RELEASED--The entire executive of the Ciskei Teachers'
Union was released yesterday after more than a-month in detention, Also .
freed were civil rights lawyer Hintsa Siwisa and the head of the Lennox

Sebe Teacher Training. Institute, Professor H H Landela Text] [Joh:
BUSINESS DAY in English 18 Oct 85 p 3] { 1 [ye ennesburg

/12828
CSO: 3400/312 117



CENSORSHIP BOARD RELEASES LIST

Blantyre MALAWI NEWS in English 28 Sep - 4 Oct 85 pl

GExconea]

/12851

THE CENSORSHIP
Board has released
an up-dated cata-
logue of banned
publications, cine-
matograph pic-
tures and records.
An official of the
board said that the
catalogue which
costs K3 is avail-
able atthe
Censorship Board
offices and Moni
Bookshop in
Limbe, Govern-
ment Printers in
Zomba and all Mal-
awi Book Service
branches.

He said the catalogue
contains titles of all pub-
lications, cinematograph
pictures and records
ibanned from August 1,
‘1968 to May 31, 1985.

UNDESIRABLE

‘ The official added that
:34 films and video ca-

CSO: 300/300

16

clared undesirable after
May this year.

“We would like to ad-
vise video shops and
club managers to ensure

‘that all video tapes being

distributed to the public
have showing certifi-
cates,” he said.

‘He said members of
the general public should
verify this before renting
video tapes in order to
protect their families
from undesirable influ-
ences, -

The official also said
that video tapes displayed
for hire should have a
censorship certificate and
identification sticker stat-
ing the age category for

-which.the film is suitable.

. ‘The public is re-
minded that it is an of-
fence which can result in
‘court proceedingsif some-
one is found distributing,
possessing or showing
any banned cinemato-

graph pictures,” he said.

JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

MALAWI

‘settes have also been de-


LIBERIA

BBC INTERVIEWS U.S. JOURNALIST
Powers on Election Results

MB241203 London BBC World Service in English 1515 GMT 23 Oct 85

[From the 'Focus on Africa’ program]

[Text] Throughout the campaign for last week" s multiparty” elections in
Liberia, during the ‘elections itself and even now as the votes are being
counted, parties opposed to Head of State Samuel Doe's ‘NDPL [National
Democratic Party of Liberia] have been complaining about harassment , intimi-
dation, irregularities on polling day, arid now about the count. ‘Among the
allegations have been the illegal’ movement of ballot ‘boxes under cover of
darkness, of ballot’ papers being burned,’ ‘and of a board ‘appointed by the
Special Elections Commission to help ‘with the count being staffed with Doe
supporters. American journalist Church Powers is in Liberia. Robin White
asked him if the complaints were just opposition moans or if they were true.

[Begin recording] [Powers] Well, I think there is some independent confirma-
tion that the ballot boxes containing votes for other national parties, the
Liberia Action Party [LAP] in particular, have been removed and they have been
stuffed with the NDPL ballots, of Samuel Doe's party. There have also been
photographs published in local newspapers of burned ballots and the opposition
party people have taken samples of these ballots around to various Western
embassies in Monrovia. And there is a sort of a general and widespread
impression here among the public that a fairly large scale fraud is in the
works.

[White] Now is this being done because Samuel Doe himself knows that he has
lost the election or how do you see it?

[Powers] Well, I think it is generally conceded around town that Jackson Doe,
the LAP party candidate, has probably won the election with something in the
neighborhood of 60 percent of the votes. That feeling comes not just from LAP
officials and their supporters, but also from some figures in Samuel Doe's own
party who, privately at least, acknowledge that they have been beaten.

11



Church's 103rd Conference

SADF Raid on Botswana Condemned
Afrikaner Homeland 'Sinister'
Conscription Opposition Praised
TV Reflects Blacks Badly

Religious Leaders Stress Nation's Religious Cohesiveness
(Hannes de Wet; THE STAR, 17 Oct 85) ..cseceeeessevcccceee

Cape Counts Cost of Three Months Unrest
(THE STAR, 18 Oct 85) .cceeeesccecececeecscceeereeseenene

Spotlight on Population Laws
(David Braun; THE STAR, 19 Oct 85) ..sseeevcucecvcccceceee

Foreign Investment Increasing in Ciskei
(Keith Ross; EVENING POST, 16 Oct 85) ...cceeeeseeeeseeees

Colored Property Boom Pressures Areas Act
(THE CITIZEN, 28 Oct 85) .cscsccecccccccececeetesssereeeee

Slow Rise in Black Living Costs Seen
(THE CITIZEN, 29 Oct 85) ceeeceescccccccsecccccterceevees

UCT Study Examines Poverty Datum Line
(Moira Levy; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 18-24 Oct 85) ..sseeeeseeees

Diehard Platteland Farmers Now Take Turn to Left
(Mariechen Waldner; THE STAR, 15 Oct 85) ..sseseeccceeeeee

Indian Farmers in Inanda Opt To Become Kwazulu Citizens
(Khalil Aniff; POST NATAL, 16-19 Oct 85) ..eseesesecseeeee

Briefs
Accra To Host OATUU Congress
New Maize, Rice Prices
New Exchange Rates
Union's Executives Released
New Afrikaner Youth Group
Matanzima at Independence Celebrations
Detainees Can Now Buy Food
Black Unions Not Invited to Talks
Students Still Held
Johannesburg Centenary Association Nonpolitical

ZIMBABWE

Author Provides Critical View of Mugabe's Policies
(David Caute; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 18-24 Oct 85) ....seseeeeee

Reporter Examines Government's State Structure
(Howard Barell; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 18-24 Oct 85) :....sseeee

Nation Seen as Example of Peasant-Based Economy
(Howard Barrell; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 18-24 Uct &5) ...eeeeeee

-e-

97
98
99
99
100

101

102

104

106

108

109

110

113

116

117
117
117
117
118
118
118
119
119
119

120

126

129



JPRS*SSA+85+116
21 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

NATION SEEN AS EXAMPLE OF PEASANT-BASED ‘ECONOMY . ~ ie
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 18-24 Oct 85 pp 13

[Article by Howard Barrell]

[Text] Your ANC's Freedom Charter could turn out to look a bit adventurist.

"How on earth are you going to nationalise the mines and banks as well as
restore the land to those who work it in a short time without interrupting
production seriously and taking on international business in a battle
you're unlikely to win?"

The author of the question is a participant in Zimbabwe's embattled co-
operative.movement. Though sometimes bitterly critical of the Mugabe govern-
ment's economic pragmatism, he recognises that, in his words, "Socialism

is not a matter of slogans--it's a matter of work."

The Mugabe government has moved slowly and very carefully on the economy.
China and Yugoslavia, historically close allies of Zanu, seem to provide
the most important standards.

The government has made clear it is going for a gradual. economic trans-
formation--of a kind and pace that will not result in the loss of either
producers’ nerves or production itself.

State participation in strategic industries--a matter of policy--has been
on a "willing buyer, willing seller" basis. It is being used, in the words
of one top civil servant to "get to know the economy". The implication

is that state participation would become more far-reaching with time. But,
of now, nobody has been. forced to sell; nobody has lost a bean.

In its economic ventures, the government is committed to profitability,
and it has not introduced any socialist-inclined practices on the shopfloor.

If it's your particular concern in life, whether white or black, you can
still own a very large house and a very large business; you can still make

a massive profit, though you're now expected to pay something like a living
wage; you can still have an army of servants keeping your pool aglitter,

your garden tidy and your children quiet; you can still buy whatever you
want, though you may pay black market prices to have a video like the Jones's;

129



/12828
cso:

3400/305

“as proof of this, Ciskei
stands out clearly as a
beacon of success to both
South Africa and the
world and as a shining
example of what can be
achieved through invest-
ment leading to develop-
ment and mutual under-
standing.”

107



Organisation, the Union
of Black Journalists,
others, including the As-
sociation for the Educa-
tional and Cultural Ad-
vancement of the Afri-
can People of South Af-
rica (Asseca).

* By banning publica:
tions he included Pro:
Veritate, the mouth-
piece of The Christian.
Institute, which he also
banned.

By the end of that
short day 42 leaders:
were detained through-
out the country.

Mr Percy Qoboza,’
editor of The World and
Weekend World, will,
Temember too vividly,
perhaps with anger too,
when he was detained
shortly after the news
broke out.

Together with Mr Ag-
grey Klaaste, then news
editor of Weekend
World, he was to spend
nearly six months at:
Modderbee Prison.

In one fell swoop
Minister Kruger had
said “no” to a united.
-black voice against in-
justices and eliminated
every vestige of black;
opposition outside the |
approved Bantustan sys-
tem. The white laager’

was drawn close — to
repress black dissension
and to defy the world.

There are names
which, at the time,
would constitute black
leadership; people who
enhanced the spirit that
black was powerful.

These were the peo-

ple who championed
unity at the time Wwhert*
resistance to the system

was waged by blacks and
for blacks; when white
‘liberals took a back seat.

There was pride when

Ithese names were read
‘on the same page —

*: Hlaku Rachidi, the Rev;

Drake Tshenkeng, Cur- ;
tis Nkondo, Fanyana

Mazibuko, Aubrey Mo-

koena, Legau Matha--
bathe, Ellen Kuzwayo, ;
. Dr Nthato Motlana, Dr

=Mamphele Ramphela,,
Father Smangaliso

Mkatshwa, George

‘Wauchope, and others.

Today, eight years
on, there is the United
Democratic ‘Front, the
National Forum and In-
katha — all agreeing to
. disagree.

History will perhaps
record how black unity
suffered a mortal blow
when the organisations
“and newspapers were
banned. For not too.

long after this blow,
there emerged a new
spirit of divisiveness
among blacks.

Today there are these
streams of thinking po-.

. litically, all purportedly

fighting the same evil,
but sometimes tearing at
one another.

This day will be re-
membered with anguish.
It_will be seen as the be-
ginning of a new scen-
ario wherein blacks fight
blacks. It was the begin-
ning of the end for black
unity. Reflective people
will certainly wish to
ponder on the reasons
for this unnecessary di-

«vision. It will be most

important to try and
learn from the mistakes
of the past.

Eight years later,
‘South . Africa bleeds
from more wounds.
There is death and de-
struction in the streets of
the townships. The
monolithic system that
runs our lives is moving
slowly as a dragon to
come to terms with ‘the
new age — an age when
black children have be-
come the standard bear-

-ers of the black man’s

struggle.

It Seems to have
ceased to be the battle
between adults.

/9317
cso: 3400/289

66



JPRS*SSA*85+116
21 November 1985

EEC GIVES AID--The European Economic Community will contribute 145 million
ECUs (around 111 million dollars) to assistance programmes in Mozambique
during the next five years, EEC delegate Antonio Morangiu said in Maputo

on October 10, according to the Portuguese news agency Anop. These credits,
which will not be repayable, will be used to increase agricultural output and
improve security in the matter of food supplies, he added. After Maputo's
ratification of the third Lome trade and aid convention (Maputo became the
65th developing country to sign the convention last December 8), which came
into effect in March, EEC food aid (which totalled 66 million ECUs between
1978 and 1984) will be complemented by development aid. [Text] [Paris

THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 19 Oct 85 p 7]

BAUXITE EXPLOITATION--A Zimbabwean company, E.C. Meikle, has signed a contract
with the Maputo for the exploitation of Mozambican bauxite mines. The company
already supplies the needs of Zimbabwean industry for bauxite (for the
production of aluminium sulphate used in water purification) from a mine at
Mutare in southern Zimbabwe, but these reserves are now on the point of
exhaustion. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 19 Oct 85

P 7]

MAPUTO PROMISES HELP FOR PEASANTS--Ten thousand peasant families "were freed
from the yoke of the armed bandits" of the Mozambique National Resistance at
Gorongosa, Mozambican agriculture minister Joao Ferreira told THE INDIAN
OCEAN NEWSLETTER during a visit to Paris, He added, "We found them without
hoes or seeds, and in poor health. I am responsible for a large-scale
operation to bring them food aid." A vaccination programme is also being
prepared, 1.0.N.-One of Maputo's main concerns is to lend all necessary
support to the local farmers, knowing that previous errors in agricultural
policy were partly responsible for the defection of many peasants to the MNR,
and only the restoration of confidence can alter the basic situation. In

any case, the battle for the rebels' Gorongosa‘bases is not yet won: fighting
was continuing this week round the Canda and Gogogo camps, while on October 3
the MNR machinegunned: a train 80 kilometres north of Maputo, killing 13 people
on board. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 12 Oct 85 p 4]

/12828
CsO: 3400/312

21



For its part, the free area of economic interest reflects relative freedom of
choice. It consists of economic partners of benefit to the African states--
all those countries with which each state maintains bilateral trade relations
in a strategic and therefore understandable search for diversified partners.

In both cases, but especially in the former, Africa~-the prize at stake in the
global strategies of the Soviet Union and the West, meaning chiefly the West
European countries--leans much more as a whole toward the West than it does
toward the East. Why? The reasons, we are told in the West, have to do with
history. There is no need for me to be more specific on that point.

But it is also said and written in the West that Africa represents a stake
from the standpoint of geopolitics and mining that is of fundamental
importance to the economies of the Western countries. This is not only
because Africa. produces one-third of the noncommunist world's minerals but
also because judiciously arranged African bases--or rather, graciously
transferred African bases--make it possible to control the vital sea routes in
the Indian Ocean and around the Cape as well as access to the Red Sea,

We repeat that Africa, seen as a collection of isolated states, is divided up
into areas of compulsory solidarity, priority areas of economic interest, and
free areas of economic interest. The first~named areas arise immediately from
the basic ideals of the states, notably as regards the happiness being sought
for the African peoples and the desired good-neighbor relations. They also
arise especially from the political will of the leaders. The two last-named
areas, while also due to the proclaimed intentions of all African states to
maintain the most trusting relations of various kinds with all countries in
the world, exist for the most part in unstable equilibrium with the global
strategy imposed on both sides by the struggle underway between East and West
for control of the world as carved up in fact or in the back of someone's
mind--in Berlin and Yalta.

In light of this "delimitation," the question may arise as to which areas seem
to be of common interest to Africa and therefore to require the implementation
of a concerted strategy.

As is known, Buddha felt, and rightly so, that "questions are more important
than answers." It is up to each individual, with a map of Africa in front of
him, to answer in all honesty. Besides, we have it from Goethe that "man was
not born to solve the world's problems but to find out where the problem
begins so as to stay within the limits of intelligibility."

FOOTNOTES
1. Alain Revel and Christophe Riboud, "The United States and the World Food
Strategy."
11798

C80: 3419/3



to Israel in one day and
another —_ £100,000,000
during the next 3
months.

The Liberation Move-
ments have created the
picture of Israel being a
racist state which helps to
supress the legitimate
desire of black majority.
in their own country.

How can one reconcile

this picture of Israelis as
freedom fighters when at
the end of September,
1971 there were about
1,000 Israel soldiers in
seventy developing
countries of Asia, Africa
and latin America? 600
of these are government
sponsored, and the rest
by Israel firms and other
quasi government set-
ups.

To establish good in-
tention towards Africa,
sometime Israel voted
for African interest at the
UN but it is also known
Israel did work against
the interest of Africa.

The blunt admission
by the Israel foreign
minister Mr. Abba Aban
that, if ten other nations
had done what Israel did
for the Nigerian rebels,
the story as at the end of

the war would not have -

been the same. The
Nigerian insurgents were
known to be receivin,
their arms via Sout
Africa.

__ Israel has been court:
ing African friendship,
but the relationship be-
tween Israel and the col-
onial powers makes it
role suspicious to free-
dom fighters. But on the
other hand, one may
understand the stand of
Israel.

18309
cso: 3400/307

This was spelt out by
the first Israel forei
minister, the late Moche
Sharret when he wrote in
a Zionist daily,
Hanishmar of August
8th, 1952, that no assist-
ance to Israel on the part
of American Jews is
possible if there exists a-
conflict between Israel
and the United State.

He even said -there
Jewish brothers abroad
would not assist them if
they did not surbodinate_
themselves to the will of
their Governments. I
would not commend the
Germans on the murder
of six million Jews under
their fearful system of

barbarism, but at the
same time do not agree
that tragedy be us by
Israel in extracting mil-
lion of Germanymarks as
reparation money.

‘or. those_murdered,
the Federal Republic of
Germany agreed in 1952
to pay,- 3,000 million
marks to the State of
Israel. Apart from this,
there is payment of 450
million marks to Federa-
tion of Zionist Organisa-

tions,

As far as 1955 when
African and Asian lead-
ers met at Bandung in In-
donesia a resolution was
passed which fee

support for the rights
of the Arab people of
Palestine and calls for
implementation of the
United Nations resolu-
tions on Palestine and
the achievement of
peaceful settlement : of
the Palestine question.

26

Israel has, of course,
consistently rejected any
U.N. resolutions and is
belligerent because of
her support by the West-
em powers. It is even
more gratifying-that, the
newly appointed Exter-
nal Affairs Minister, Pro-
fessor Bolaji Akinyemi is
a veteran anti relation
with Israel.

SIDI H. ALI is a former
Legislator at the Federal
House of Representative.


JPRS*SSA*85+116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MANY OBSTACLES CONFRONT.ASPIRANT BLACK MANAGERS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 17 Oct 85 p 16

[Article by Mike Siluma]

[Text]

About nine years ago it would have
been unthinkable to publish a journal
for black businessmen, but the 1976
uprisings, which heralded many
changes in South African society, .
changed all that. 4
The European Economic!
Community and Sullivan codes of
conduct, which spurred corporations :
.to promote blacks to managerial’
positions, were some of the results of
the 1976 period. “
Today there are a growing
‘numbers of blacks who have set their ,
sights on various management,
positions, aided by companies |
anxious to change the all-white |
image of their managements. i
Ernest Mcunu, vice-president .

of the Black Management Forum, :

and editor of its quarterly, The
Black Leader, is one of those who,
have proved that blacks can make it:
to the highest echelons of;
management. : :

Mr. Mcunu is. the Southern and
Central African trade and’
community development manager
for an American multi-national soft
drink company, for which he has
worked at various levels of
management for ten years. \

He is also a member of several
managerial organisations both here
“and abroad.

95

“In an interview this week, he
discussed his long haul to the top,
pointing out that the ascendance of

lacks to management positions
in South Africa’s corporate world
was fraught with problems.

This was so, he said, even though it
was, now an established fact that for
‘thé country to meet the steadily
rising demand for quality
-mariagement, it was essential that it
continue to uncover and train
increasing numbers of suitable
blacks for such positions.

+ One of the main stumbling blocks
encountered by prospective black
-Managers was racial discrimination
practised by many of the country’s
companies, said Mr Mcunu.

“Many companies are not doing
‘their best to train more blacks for.
top-level management positions.
Those that do tend to look for higher
academic qualifications from blacks
seeking to take up such positions,
,Companies are still afraid to go
wholesale in their recruitment of
blacks for management posts.

“A lot of the resistance to the
promotion of black managers comes

rom white middle management,
who fear the loss of their own jobs. In
many cases you find that a company
has an equal-opportunity policy but it
is frustrated by. middle
management.”



IJPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MURDER RAMPANT IN PORT ELEZABETH'S BLACK TOWNSHIPS
Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 5 Oct 85 p 6
.[Article by Shirley Pressly]

[Text]

CHILLING statistics on
the number of murders in
Port Blizabeth’s sprawling
black -townships showed»
that more people were.
murdered in the past nine
months than in the whole
of last year. . \
According’ to statistics |
revealed by the East Cape i
murder and robbery squad, |
345 people died violently in ”
the townships where death *
stalks daily, last year.
People were killed
mostly by knife and in
more recent months by’
burning. i
By the end of last month
348 people had been mur-
dered in the townships.
Some of them had been
given the death sentence
by a so-called “People’s
! Court”.
'” The Minister of Law and |
| Order, Mr Louis le Grange,
; broke news of the exist-
| ence of this “judiciary” in
the Eastern Cape at the
National Party Cape Con- ;
gress held-in PE this week.
Police first became
aware of the éxistence of
the “People’s Court” in
Port Alfred in February.

Since ‘then the system
has spread throughout the
Eastern Cape. +

.The Divisional Commis-
sioner of Police in the
Eastern Cape, Brigadier
Ernest Schnetler, sketched
how the system worked.

He said residential areas .
were divided into regions ©

and each region was con-
trolled by a regional com-
mittee.

_ They. had their own
“prosecutors”, “magis-
trates” and “judges”, but
there was no mention of a
defence counsel.

Some sentences imposed
by the “People’s Court”
came to the notice of the
police but no statements
were made to the police by
victims.

The police are investi-
gating, nevertheless.

In one case a man was
sentenced to 200 lashes and
an East London shebeen
owner was being treated in
the Frere Hospital after

being sentenced to 75.

lashes.

Fines are imposed’ in
some cases but police have
not been able to establish
-what happens to the money
which apparently goes into

88

the pockets of the “com--

rades” to fund their activi-
“i ties in the townships. ~

i In Port Elizabeth the

Evening Post was told

about a woman who defied

the boycott and foolishly
: showed her purchases to a
jneighbour who informed
| the “comrades”.

! The “People’s Court”
“met at her home and the
neighbour gave evidence
‘and pointed out the pur-
chases after she denied
: committing the “crime” of
shopping in town.

The boycott-breaker
was told that ‘since her
“hands were troubling her”
it would be appropriate to
deal with her hands which
were placed over.a burn-
ing tyre and badly burnt.

Brig Schnetler con-

: firmed that husbands and
wives also had recourse to

-the “People’s Court” to
sort out domestic squab-
bles.

|. There were cases where
debtors were hauled be-

- fore the court on trumped-
up charges by people who
loaned them money.

j In one case a woman

| Who tired of her husband
arranged for him to be
given the “necklace” after
eing brought before the
#People’s Court”.


JPRS*SSA4-85«116
21 November 1985

BENIN

BRIEFS

DPRK FINANCES 'PRESS HOUSE'--On July 15, Cotonou Press House was inaugurated
as a “token of the friendship and active solidarity" between Benin and the
DPRK. ‘The new Press House, which cost a billion CFA francs, with the DPRK
contributing half this amount, is located at Cadjenhoun, Cotonou. [Excerpt]
(Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE JOURNAL in English Sep 85 p 2h7 .

/12851
cso: 300/300



REPORTER STRESSES NEED 'TO DEVELOP FUTURE BLACK MANAGERS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 16 Oct 85 p 9

[Text]

WO weeks ago I
attended a sym-
posium on human

resources development,
organised by the Human '
Sciences Research | |
Council.

Issues that were ad-|
dressed at this indaba:
showed in no uncertain
terms that there was a
great need for blacks to
be trained in manage--
ment skills. By so doing’
the anticipated skilled,
manpower shortage
could probably be met.

My only concern,
whenever I am invited
to attend such discussion
forums, is that there
seems to be a great deal
of talk about what needs
to be done. One hears
very little about how
things ought to be done
ina real life situation.

I believe that time is,
now opportune for com-|
panies — both those run
by blacks and whites —
to start placing potential
blacks in management;
positions. In that man-:
ner, they would be start-,
ing to groom blacks in
senior positions. !
/9317

cso: 3400/287

”” OF course, when this.

starts to take place,
companies would be re-
quired to commence en-
rolling prospective em-
ployees to participate in
management devel-
opment programmes of-
fered by mariagement
institutions and univer-
sity business schools.

It is a fact of life that
for an individual to be"
successful in business he
would need to be given
exposure in manage-
ment techniques. Ob-
viously a mere acquisi-
tion of these skills would
not assist him to climb
the corporate ladder if.

- he was not able to apply
: the knowledge he | has

acquired.

It is true that practice
makes perfect. The
more you practice the
more you become per-
fect in whatever you are
de Most people have
‘@ tendency of being sat-
isfied with the know-
ledge they have acs
quired, as they would
not ‘see the reason for
using it ‘to their advan-
‘tage,

TM ‘The other day I was
thrilled to watch junior
. achievement high school
pupils at the Centre for
Developing Business at
the Wits Business
| Schoolin Parktown
going through their
paces in running a mini-
company sponsored by a
leading cooldrink..com-
pany.
« This programme pro-
:vides participants with
the basic skills of how to
‘form, manage and liqui-
date a company within
12 weeks. Participants,
are recruited from high.
schools in the northern
suburbs, Soweto and
Bosmont.

In this programme pu-
pils are taught how to
start a business and the
necessary tools they re-
quire to. manipulate a
company by establishing
a management struc-
ture. The organisational
structure is comprised of
a managing director, a
financial manager, pro-
duction manager, mar-
keting manager and a
personnel manager.

' They:have a produc.

tion facility at the

94

JPRS*SSA*854116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

centre, where they man-
ufacture products such
as pens, frustration pil-
lows and detergents.
Once the goods have
been produced the mar-
keting manager sells the
product to -the public
through aselected sales

j team.

There is also another
group of pupils who pre-
pare financial records
such as a sales budget,
income statement and a
balance sheet. The in-
teresting part is that the
pupils aré assisted by
voluntary advisers, who
come from different

_ companies, :

The Centre for Devel-'
oping Business is doing.
a fantastic job in prepar-

‘ing high school pupils to

become business leaders

‘of tomorrow. What
makes this programme
' unique is that it is open
‘to all students irrespec-
v tive of race, colour or

religion.

Probably this could
help to bridge the gap
‘between the universities
and the corporate
world.



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

In amplification of the call for amnesty, the Government was asked to
allow free participation in political activity and to legalise South
African political parties that were banned at present.

The church's department on public questions was directed to establish a
task force to analyse the complex situation that surrounds violence in
the southern Africa situation and to produce educational material, for
use in local churches, to deal with a theological perspective on violence.
It would deal with:

--the roots of violence in Southern Africa;

--the nature of police and military violence and the violence of unrest;

--attitudes of major political organisations to violence; and

--non-violent alternatives that can be explored by the Church: The
nature of institutional violence.--Sapa

Afrikaner Homeland 'Sinisteit'
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Oct 85 p 15

[Text] Bloemfontein--Grave concern at the movement in certain right-wing
Afrikaner circles to try and create an Afrikaner homeland and to dividé
South Africa even further into racial [words illegible] expressed by the
Methodist Church of Southern Africa at its 103rd conference in Bloemfon-
tein.

It was believed that this was a sinful and sinister extension of the
heretical apartheid philosophy that could only lead to greater separation
and racial hatred and cause more hardship, suffering and violence in the
sub-continent.
It was stressed that no [words illegible] decide on the future of southern
Africa and the conviction was reiterated that God's will was for peace and
justice in‘one South Africa for all South Africans.--Sapa

Conscription Opposition Praised
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Oct 85 p 15

[Text] . Bloemfontein--The work of the End Conscription Campaign was
commended by the Methodist conference yesterday.

The conference encouraged members to participate in such a campaign
and most delegates were opposed to conscription.

99



/9317
cso:

3400/288

~The NP’s. confident and outspoken prediction of,
victory over its combined right-wing opposition has,
to an extent been belied by the number of Cabinet!
members lined up to address the electorate in the
.vast constituency in the next few weeks. :

Twelve Ministers and Deputy Ministers, including.
the State President, have been scheduled to visit the;
constituency in October alone. ?

The Foreign Affairs Minister, Mr Pik Botha, will
speak in Mafikeng on October 18. oe!

i
| The Minister. of Constitutional Planning and De:
ivelopment, Mr Chris Heunis, visited the constituency’
to announce the Government’s final consolidation;
proposals for the area. Announcements on the area’s'
poor roads have also been made. 4

Most of the CP’s MPs have been called to ad:!
dress meetings in Vryburg, of which 14 have ‘been:
scheduled for October. They include CP President’s;
Council member, Dr Connie Mulder, brought in from:
the cold after being kept on ice for most previ-
ous by-elections involving the CP. |

NP candidate, Mr Johan Scheepers, and his HNP!
counterpart, Mr Flippie Venter, are native citizens ot
Vryburg. The CP candidate, Mr Andries Beyers, is
not. 4
. Mr Scheepers, a laywer who has farming interests,
in the constituency, is Vryburg’s current representa?
tive in the Cape Provincial Council. 4

Mr Venter, a businessman and inventor of Vasvat
glue, serves on the Vryburg town council, .

Mr Beyers is a Western Transvaal farmer.

2.

115



7 percent and i6 percent said they
felt protected.

Responses to a somewhat loaded
question, “Would you like equal edu-
cation?” produced a predictable
‘91 percent “yes” answer. As regards
compulsory education the “yes” re-

Sporse was a surprisingly low 66 per-
cent

There was strong support for being
given the opportunity to build a home
on a serviced site as a,means to eas-
ing the overcrowding in townships.

For a survey which claims validity ‘
for all the townships on the Rand the
respondent sample seems to be ex-
tremely small, although it was fairly
evenly distributed among the various
townships.

For example, the survey respon-
dents living in West Rand townships
— mainly Soweto. — numbered about
120 people. It would seem to be too
small.a base on which to make in-
ductive assumptions for. over 1,5 mil-

a addition the survey organisers
say that “only” 14 percent of the re-
spondents were members of Women
for Peace. “Only” 14 percent is unac-
ceptably high if the sample itself is to
have any validity.

/9317
cso: 3400/293

62



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKAANS THEOLOGIAN SEES BLACK EDUCATION AS SOURCE OF UNREST

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 16 Oct 85 p 9

[Text]

19317
cso:

‘An Afrikaans theologian
has called on-Christians
to stand together and do
something about black
education in South Afri-

ca.

“We all know that the
inferior status of black
education is a primary
source of potential unrest
in our country,” Profes-
sor Pieter de Villiers,
head of the CB Powell
Bible Centre at Unisa,
said yesterday.

He was addressing the
sixth birthday meeting of
the Bramley Luncheon
Club for Men at St Cath-
erine’s Anglican Church.

It would be a grave
mistake to deduce that

the Bible and Christianity’
“had nothing to do with so-
ciety or events in society,

he said.
The central message of

“the Bible was “to love

one another”.

“To love one another
means that the Christian
is deeply involved in his
society in a way incisive-

_ly different to before his

conversion. Thé Gospel
changes people, and with
them, societies are
changed,” Professor de
Villiers said.

3400/288

68

He said that as a part-
time minister in Pre-
toria’s coloured township
Eersterust, he experi-
enced feelings of dispair
among even the most de-
dicated Christian people
when, in home after
home, they talked about
their children. —

“How can one listen in-
differently to loving, de-
dicated Christian parents
who tell you that their
children are being taught
by ‘illiterate teachers?”
he said. :

Professor de Villiers
asked if the time had not
come to start. working on
a large-scale private ini-
tiative in which major
forces from all parts of
society could join togeth-
er.

“We cannot escape the
Biblical injunction to be
involved in our society
and to alleviate suffering.
By being constructively
and positively involved in
restructuring society, we
bear a living witness to
the faith and hope God
has instilled in us through
the death and resurrec-
tion of His Son,” said Pro
fessor de Villiers. ,



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

Powers on Vote Counting
MB281631 London BBC World Service in English 1515 GMT 25 Oct 85
[From the 'Focus on Africa’ program]

[Text] The picture is beginning to emerge of what the outcome might be of
Liberia's first multiparty elections held last week. The official result is
not due until the middle of next week. Initially, counting took place at
polling stations in the country's various counties and it was observed by the
representatives of the three parties opposed to Head of State Samuel Doe's
NDPL [National Democratic Party of Liberia]. But the vote still has to be
checked by a board set up by the Special Election Commission, Secom, but there
seems to be a trend. Charles Powers of the Los Angeles TIMES is in Liberia.
Elizabeth Blunt asked him who seems to be winning.

[Begin recording] [Powers] Well, in general they seem to show that Head of
State Samuel Doe is in pretty deep political trouble here. What is surprising
is the indication that Samuel Doe Kanyon did so poorly; the count suggests
that Doe's NDPL party might have won no more than 25 percent of the votes. In
(Monteserrado) County for example, which is Monrovia and the largest county
in the country, based on results of 98 of 114 polling stations, Doe got about
15,000 votes as against 36,000 votes for the LAP [Liberia Action Party]; that
is roughly 25 percent for Doe and 60 percent for LAP. Now, it should be noted
that these totals, while they represent about 85 percent of the polling
stations, only count for about 61,000 voters out of a total (Monteserrado)
County registration of 144,000, so the figures could change.

[Blunt] Now, where are you getting those figures from? Those are not the
officially released figures, are they?

[Powers] There have been no officially released figures, but they are based
on counts that were taken at polling stations at the close of polling on
election day, and in many cases they were signed by the sheriffs and clerks
who were on duty in each particular polling station so because the voting on
Tuesday people went and tallied up these votes as the election were staged, so
totals are maybe not official, they haven't been released by the Special
Election Commission here, they have began to leak out. Nimba County, which is
the second largest county in the country, went 90 percent for LAP, the head
of state won 7 percent. This is based on returns from 115 out of 124 polling
stations. The other large county, Loffa County, went heavily for the United
Party candidate, Edward Kessely; this is his home area and everyone there
pretty much concedes that Kessely won it. He probably outpolled Doe there by
a margin of three to one and he beat LAP by 10 to 1 or possibly more. Bong
County is likely to have gone for Liberia Unification Party candidate Gabriel
(Kopolly). Very few returns from there but those who are in, indicated that
Doe ran behind (Kopolly) in Bong Couny by three to one. (Monteserrado),
Nimba, and Loffa Counties are the three largest counties in the country and
Doe appears to have lost substantially in all three.

13



Because of the inherent racial
discrimination in South Africa, the
{black with the potential would have
jto be protected from racial
prejudices to be able to rise to senior
management positions within South
African companies.

With the advent of black managers
in the corporate world being a
relatively new thing, senior
management also had a duty to help
black managers establish their
authority. on —

“When appointing a black

manager, senior management must’
make it absolutely clear to.

subordinates, both black and white,
that the black manager is in charge.
It is bad, when introducing the black
manager, for senior management to
whisper to white subordinates: ‘Don’t
worry, we are just trying the fellow
out’.

“This is hardly calculated to
inspire confidence or respect for the
new man. Similarly, if, for example,
a black manager fires someone by
mistake, top management should at
all costs avoid being seen to usurp
the manager’s authority and
judgment by directly reinstating the
dismissed person. It is far better to
have an off-the-record, private
meeting with the manager, ind |
persuade him to withwraw the;
dismissal.” :

The inadequate education system

for blacks, which lacked proper’
career guidance and emphasised

(certification”, did not help the lot of
the aspirant black manager; Mr
Mcunu added.

And the problems of the black’
manager did not end the moment he
had acquired the necessary
qualifications and proved his
potential. Some companies, having
provided training for blacks, did not
follow the logical step of giving them
the promised positions.

“This has resulted in many black
managers becoming disillusioned,
resigning and starting their own
businesses because they saw no
future in white-dominated
companies. Blacks in the United
States were faced with a similar
problem and did the same,” he said.

Mr Mcunu said the only way to
change the negative perception of
capitalism by many young blacks —
and their reluctance to “join the
system” by becoming managers —
was to introduce changes in South
Africa that would show that blacks
had something to gain from the
economic system.

@ Besides editing The Black
Leader, Mr Mcunu writes occasional
articles on management for the
Sowetan newspaper. A collection of
the articles has been compiled into a
“booklet entitled “Top Level — Advice’
To Aspirant Black Managers”.

The booklet is available at R5,54

including GST) from The Executive

rector, South African Institute of
Management, PO Box 31828,
Braamfontein 2017.

19317
cso: 3400/288

96



USSR STEPS UP ARMS SHIPMENTS TO REGION

Johannesburg THE CITI

ZEN in English 18 Oct 85 p 10

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

RUSSIA. is shipping
ever increasing quanti-
ties of military hard-
ware, and particularly
conventional weapon-
ry into Angola and
Mozambique, accord-
ing to strategists.

Intelligence feedback
from Angola particularly,
and from Mozambique,
to some extent proves in-
creasing Soviet Bloc in-
volvement in the supply
of weapons and hardware
such as tanks.

The shifting of the la-
test offensive by the
MPLA’s military wing Fa-
pla, from virtual counter-
insurgency methods, to
conventional war, in the
latest campaign against
the Unita guerrilla move-
ment of Dr Jonas Savim-
bi, is seen as part of the
pattern.

|

In this offensive, suc-*

cessfully beaten back by
Dr Savimbi, Russians,
East Germans and Cu-
bans took a leading role
for the first time in a
thrust by five armoured

. brigades against the Sa-

vimbi forces.

According to Professor
Mike Hough, director of
the Institute for Strategic
Studies at Pretoria Uni-
versity, the conventional
arms build-up in neigh-
bouring states is obvious-
ly linked to internal situa-
tions.

Specifically these were

Unita’s activities in An-’

gola, and the Soviet aim
of gaining more influence
in certain countries.

* “But the build-up does ~

have real implications for
South Africa,” he said in
Prétoria.

The extent of the con-
ventional threat against
South Africa would large-
ly be determined by six
factors:

These were the coun-
try’s internal stability; the
maintenance by the coun-
try of a cfedible deterrent

5; regional peace
initiatives; the outcome of
the civil war situation in
Angola and Mozambi-
que; the outcome of the
South West Africa ques-
tion; and the East-West
conflict. .

In normal — circum-
stances the costs and risks
to the Soviet Union, as
well as Western reactions,
seemed to be a sufficient
deterrent to direct con-
ventional action against
South Africa; he said.

But a civil war situation
in South Africa would

| provide opportunities for

a conventional offensive,
as would an East-West
conflict which also in-
volved the Southern Afri-
can region.

It was interesting to
note that the 1984 De-
fence White paper stated
that it was improbable
that South Africa would

18

JPRS*SSA*85+116
21 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

be allowed to remain neu-
tral in a large scale inter-
national conflict, as the
Republic’ was one of the
destabilisation targets of
the USSR.

The aim of the African
National Congress was to
conduct a conventional
war — of the positional
and not the mobile var-
iety — with a “weak-
ened” South African
Government.

This was seen as a con-
cluding phase of the re-
volutionary war and
hinged on the formation
of a “Peoples Army” and
‘on the possession of con-
ventional arms.

“In this sense the stock-
piling of arms in neigh-
bouring countries as per-
ceived by South Africa
could be relevant in sup-
port of a conventional
phase in ANC strategy,”
he said.


The idea was that it had to be a public demonstration of the ability of
various organisations which might differ -- and even be antagonistic
towards one another ~~ to rally together and mobilise grassroots support
for a convention movement.

No pre-conditions were to be set for the convention, for example on the
question of first releasing politicians from jail. "The overriding issue
of the convention should be consensus."

One suggestion in the working paper was that a countrywide registration
campaign be launched. A person wishing to join would sign a pledge:

"T am a citizen of this land. I want peace with justice. Although. we
may differ, I believe in negotiations."

This, it was hoped, would demonstrate that citizenship was non-negotiable
in a new constitution, that no constitution could be unilaterally imposed,
and show the willingness of people to talk if genuine negotiations could
come about at a convention.

Unfortunately for the organisers, Azapo wanted no truck with the PFP,
Labour and Inkatha, or with any white~initiated movement. And one dis-
gruntled senior Labour member, who was angry about statements attributed
to Inkatha about the coloured and Indian educational boycotts that year,
wanted the whole thing exposed.

On December. 30, 1980, the Rand Daily Mail published an article about the
movement. Azapo immediately rejected such a movement as "a bankrupt idea"
and a "gimmick".

Others who were against participation in government-created political
institutions said they had strong reservations about working with the PFP,
Labour and Inkatha.

Strategy

Dr Slabbert said: "The less the likelihood of starting such a movement
is exposed in public, the greater the likelihood that it will succeed."

It didn't. The Labour Party leader and Cabinet Minister, the Rev Allen
Hendrickse, said last week: "It did not last a year because of the differences
in strategy."

The differences in strategy didn't of course deter Labour from being a
member of. the South African Black Alliance led by Chief Mongosuthu Buthelezi.
Nor has it deterred Mr Hendrickse from joining the Natdominated Cabinet.

Now ‘Labour and the Black Alliance have parted company because of Labour's
participation in the tricameral parliament and Inkatha's opposition to it.
All the same, there is not that much strategic difference between Inkatha,
Labour and the PFP, nor much difference about their calls for a national
convention.

47



They were taken to the local hospital. After treatment all except Rev
Mcoyana, who was badly hurt, were taken to the police station, where they
were charged with holding an illegal gathering.

The 13, including Siyozana, who was arrested a day later, will appear on
November 5 to answer charges of public violence.

Throughout this time residents have maintained a "selective consumer boycott",
On August 23, a furniture delivery van was set alight in the township.

A quiet period followed until a month later, when three people were arrested
for intimidation (relating to the consumer boycott) and arson (for the burning
of the policeman's belongings).

On October 2, a woman accused of having defied the boycott stand and of
"informing" on those who monitored the boycott was doused in-petrol before
being set alight.

Police arrived and the woman was rushed to hospital. :

A week earlier her husband had approached the Colesberg Action Committee
(CAC) to state that he was not against the boycott and that his wife had

not informed on anybody.

The CAC allegedly assured him all was well and also pleaded with youths
not to harm the woman.

A youth has been arrested in connection with the attack.

/12828
CSO: 3400/304

92



CLOSER TIES WITH BURKINA FASO EXPLORED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 19 Oct 85 p 13

[Text]

/8309
cso:

3400/308

THE President, Major-General
Ibrahim Babangida has said that
the possibilities of closer trade
relationship between Nigeria and
Burkina Faso would be explored.

General Babangida gave the
assurance while speaking to a
delegation from Burkina Faso led
by Major Boukary Jean-Baptiste
Lingani, the Minister of Defence
and Chief of Staff, at Dodan Bar-
racks, Lagos.

The President said that pro-
posals and possibilities of an air
link, private sector ventures and
petroleum trade between the two
would be looked into.

President Babangida pointed
out that there were many other
areas of co-operation between the
two countries, adding that those
that have been in abeyance would
be reactivated.

Major Lingani had earlier told
the president that Burkina Faso
hoped ‘that the promise by
Nigeria to establish an air linl
and buy Burkinabe manganese
would be positively considered
and expressed his country’s wish
to buy Nigeria’s petroleum.

“Major Lingani then suggested
‘hat a joint coramercial week to
display Nigerian and Burkinable
made products and goods should
be held.

Other members of the delega-
tion are Mr. M. Bonnaventure
Compaore. Mr.'M. Arba Diallo.
Director of Political Affairs and
Adviser to President Thomas
Sankara, respectively and Mr. i}.
Yongbare Leon, Burkina Faso
charge d’affairs in Nigeria.

30

JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

NIGERIA


a

you can still go on holiday overseas, though you might end up being devious
in order to supplement your small annual foreign currency allowance; your
children can still get an excellent education, although you will have to
accept that this right is now being extended, as best as possible, to other
children as well; you can still, if it does something for you, moan like
hell about "dropping standards", though you'll meet not anger any more, but
ridicule; you can still walk through the streets of Harare or Bulawayo with
a sack full of money and less- fear than in Johannesburg or Cape Town,

In fact you can, if you absolutely must, still play Bwana or Baas--though
the role now demands.a far less crude script than in the past.

Far from losing, there have been some remarkable economic gains since
independence, which include increases in production by both volume and value.

The most spectacular success has been the peasant farming sector. At 850 000
households (about four million people), Zimbabwe's peasant sector is much
larger in relative terms than its South African counterpart. Many more
people in Zimbabwe depend wholly on the land for their. livelihood. .

Some 40 percent of the marketed staple maize crop is now produced by the
peasant sector. Taking into account that additional portion of production
which is held back by families for domestic consumption, this means the
peasant sector is now outproducing the highly efficient white’ commercial
farmers who control almost all good crop-growing land.

Peasants are now producing an estimated 10 times more than they did at any
time under Smith.

This has been achievea by overcoming what one agriculturalist calls "the
legacy of gross neglect" of previous governments.

“The Mugabe governmetn has really put its money where its mouth is and
brought services such as marketing depots, fertilisérs, seeds, credit
opportunities and research and extension much closer to the peasnat farmers,"
he says.

The result is that Zimbabwe is the outstanding agricultural example in
Africa. Hard work and a remarkable self-reliance among peasant farmers
showed just after independence that three years of drought were not enough
to cause a famine in Zimbabwe.

Over the past five years, only about 30 000 peasant families have ‘been
resettled out of an initial target figure of 165 000. This has meant there
has not been any fundamental restructuring of the agricultural sector;

and the same appleis to other sectors -- such as manufacturing, commerce
and mining.

While strengthening the white commercial farming sector, the government has

extended support for commercial agricultural production into the peasant
sector,

130



[Blunt] Now, have you got results from any part of the country which do show
Samuel Doe in the lead?

[Powers] There is very sketchy returns from (Grand Jery) County and they
seem to indicate that Doe may be leading there but it's probably closer than
expected (Grand Jery) is Doe's home country [as heard].

[Blunt] It is presumably in the interests of individual parties to release
the results they have from areas where they themselves are strong, so do you
think that is perhaps distorting these early totals?

[Powers] You know, that is a possibility but one has to take into considera-
tion the fact that the counties involved, that have been mentioned, are
actually enough to take the elections alone.

[Blunt] Is there a feeling of concern, especially among the people who have
the job of manning the election, about these leaked results--after all the
feeling that a party could claim any sort of result that it liked and after
that nobody would believe the official results whether they were true or not?

[Powers] I think that might well be a concern. [Emmet Harman], the election
commission chairman, has been opposed to the release of any kind of results
probably for this kind of reason, but there is a kind of pressure that seems
to be building up here. It has been a week and more since the votes were
taken and you just kind of have a sense of being here in Monrovia that many
people want some answers.

/9599
CSO: 3400/325

14



/9317
cso:

happy to hear that somebody at
least is trying to right the wrongs
happening to detainees.

Most people have been filled
with horror about certain allega-
tions made against the Security
Police and even some criminal
units of the police. We know to
be under arrest is not to expect
five Star treatment. But there are
certain: limits that those who su-
pervise jailed people must re-
spect.

We do not for a moment be-
lieve these things will disappear

overnight after Dr Orr’s cour- -
ageous step, and the striking»

from the roll of Dr Tucker. But

the small things help solve pretty _

monstrous ones in the end.

3400/289

58


Two, the Zimbabwean Liberation War was basically peasant-based and, more
importantly, it derived its problematic from what the black peasantry wanted--
more land. That is, ownership and acquisition--more for the Kulak class.
There is nothing wrong with the peasantries' concerns, according to the
revolutionary classics, but.the golden rule is that it is only the centrality
of the working class and-its probelmatic that provides the programmatic

base for the progress-to socialism.

Three, the two guerrilla armies, Zanla and Zipra, together potentially the
most meaningful forces for socialism, would have to be largely demobilised
after a settlement. This would be a requirement of law and order--and not
all guerrillas could be accommodated in a new national army.. Once their
AK47s' were in the armouries, the people of Zimbabwe would, in the broadest
sense, be disarmed. Democratic structures within Zanu and Zapu had been
severely strained during the years of repression and war. Semi-legal
community, union and other organisations had not been developed as part of
the liberation effort. So, whatever the democratic intentions of the party
leaderships, the broad populace would be hard-pressed to push for radical
programmes for some time.

Four, in the event of a settlement, a liberation movement government would
inherit a largely intact Rhodesian state structure on which it would have
to rely.

Five, given the years of rivalry between Zanu and Zapu leaderships, they
could be relied upon (perhaps with a little mischief from western embassies)
to havé a-serious fall out. The effect would again be to weaken mainly
black Zimbabweans' attempts to give material meaning to "liberation".

Six, whoever came to power in a post-settlement government would still
have to rely on the people Ian Smith did to make the shoes, grow the food,
create the jobs and extend the loans.

Seven, if the basic concession of black state power could be extracted from
Smith and Muzorewa, the frontline states could be relied upon to force
Zanu and Zapu into a settlement in order to end the war.

And eight, given the balance of forces in southern Africa, a liberation
movement government in’Zimbabwe would be able only to allow the ANC to
share its basket and bark from afar at the rabid rottweilers"in Pretoria.

Result: a variant of. liberal democracy in Zimbabwe; the country reintegrates
into the western capitalist economy with the attendant benefits for Lonrho,
Rio Tinto, Anglo American and the rest; nationalisation is really no option;
rigorous socialism remains at least a decade away.

Probably, the Zimbabwean Left credits Luce and Co with too much.

But are these not exactly the kind of calculations now being done by
relatively sophisticated elements in the South African power structure.

127



She rejects the government's sales tax exemption on essential foodstuffs

-- milk, bread, fresh foods and vegetables. "Most of these goods are not
often bought by the really poor. Without adequate refrigeration they are
forced to buy tinned and other foods which are not exempt from sales tax."

The poverty datum line calculated by the Bureau of Market Research, in its
clothing allowance for an adult woman, allows two pairs of panties and thee
pairs of stockings a year.

"There must be few clothing manufacturers who would be prepared to guarantee
that their panties can be worn decently for 182 days without wearing out."

One winter nightdress is allowed, but there is no provision for summer
nightwear. Children's cotton pants are long-sleeved jerseys are supposed
to last for two years. "This is a real problem with growing children,"
Budlender writes.

For rent the MLL provides R29,59 a month for a five-member household living
in the coloured townships in Cape Town. .They would be hardpressed to find
a house at that rental, Budlender says.

In Bontecheuwel, Kewtown and Bokmakierie -- Cape Town's oldest and cheapest
areas -- rents are R31,05, R44,59 and R19,46 respectively, "In the case of
Bokmakierie, however, there are not 302 of these low-rental houses, hardly
sufficient to cater for all the workers who fall into this category."

Rents in the newer areas are much higher, ranging from R62,46 in Parkwood
to R97,24 in Beacon Valley.

"Most of the people in Cape Town did not choose to live in the areas they
are in at present. They were moved there against their will. For many of
them this also means transport costs above the average provided in the
poverty datum line measures. These households will have to cut down sub-
stantially on some other vital area of expenditure."

Most damning of all is that no provision is made in poverty datum lines
for education. Coloured people are presumed to have free access to education,
and school levies are included in the rent allowances, Budlender writes.

"There is no provision for child care or creches. There is no provision for
expenses of adult education. There is no porvision for school books beyond
those provided free by the school.

"There is no provision for such things such as school suitcases, stationery
and sports equipment. There is no extra clothing provision for school
uniforms. The assumption that education is free conflicts badly with the
de facto position.

“There is absolutely no provision for post-secondary education. This in
effect condemns the children of all those who are living at this low level ,

111



DIEHARD PLATTELAND FARMERS NOW TAKE TURN TO LEFT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Oct 85 p15

[Article by Mariechen Waldner]

[Text]

VRYBURG — A sunburnt, khaki-clad Vryburg farm-
er called Flip, a Nationalist by birth, harbours weird
and wonderful political sentiments that will turn his
ancestors in their graves.

Flip openly tells you that hé supports the new Gov-

ernment policy of power-sharing with blacks.

He will vote for the National Party when the about
12000 white voters of the conservative Northern
Cape constituency of Vryburg go to the polls on Octo-
ber 30 to elect a new parliamentary representative.

Ask him what converted him to the unthinkable
after sharing his party's convictions on ‘the separate-
ness of races since his baby days, he will present you
with his mieliepit theory on the necessity of prevent
ing political stagnation.

“We all live in the same country,” says Flip. “The
time for dominating another volk is past.

“Consider a mieliepit. The 1948 policy was like a
mieliepit. You don’t expect another mieliepit to grow
from it, you expect a mielieplant.

“We must not stagnate. We must grow”.

He has, however, no black friends, only black busi-
ness acquaintances — including the Indian who don-
ated the chairs in the National Party’s office because,
in his own words, he regarded right-wing rule as a
good reason to flee the country.

Flip is also vehemently against sharing his church
with black Christians because “they have their own
churches”,

But he is ready for power sharing with blacks, the
mielieplant cultivated from the old mieliepit.

The political accommodation of South Africa’s
black population is indeed the main issue in the fero-

cious by-election battle raging in Vryburg, one of the
biggest constituencies in the Cape with 26 voting

‘districts scattered over an area of 42 000 sq km.

And voters who don’t get the message from the

National Party itself inevitably hear it from the Con-.

servative Party’s army of right-wing campaigners,
That’s why the views of farmers like Flip have to
be taken seriously.”

113

JPRS*SSA*85~116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

GEGPOLITICAL AREAS OF INTEREST DISCUSSED
Paris LE MOIS EN AFRIQUE in French Aug-Sep 85 pp 151-158
{Article by Lt Col Camille Nkoa Atenga of the Cameroonian Armed Forces]

[Text] Camille Nkoa Atenga is a lieutenant colonel in the
Cameroonian Armed Forces, a graduate of the Staff College, and
head of the Military Secretariat of the Ministry of Armed
Forces in Yaounde.

African areas of interest? We are indeed faced with that question. And it is
probably facing us more acutely now than before, and for various reasons, both
major and minor. Are those reasons perceived or hidden from view? That is an
entirely different question, and it most certainly depends on the geopolitical
world view held by each of Africa's sovereign states.

But just as it does no real good to sweep in front of one's own door unless
those around one do the same, so it can also be said without exaggeration, in
these days of obligatory interdependence, that an African state's geopolitical
world view is necessarily of interest to several other states on the
continent, if not all, and even to countries beyond.

What this boils down to is that although each African state marks out and
proclaims areas of interest more or less vaguely and openly or, failing that,
silently acts or behaves in a passive way designed let the others discover its
areas of interest, there indubitably exists, in this area as in many others, a
common denominator, small though it be, which deserves meticulous definition
and careful visualization as a step--one of the positive steps--toward that
necessary but elusive unity being untiringly sought by the Africa of states.

To tell the truth, it is curious to note, when one does not simply experience
it, the naivete or, let us say, the otherworldliness (if not both) that is
sometimes displayed by at least some Africans when the media draw attention to
the military spending engaged in throughout the world and particularly by the
developed countries. You will recall that several years ago, SIPRI [Stockholm
International Peace Research Institute], the very serious and scholarly
Swedish institute that devotes itself to peace research, estimated the world's
total spending on armament at $550 billion per year. Well! Even though the



JPRS“SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DISCONTENT SIMMERS IN KARROO TOWNS
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 18-24 Oct 85 p 11

[Text] To many people travelling between Cape Town and Johannesburg,
Colesberg is just a dusty dorpie in the Karroo one passes through.

Little is known about the 75 percent unemployment rate, or the fact that
the highest paid workers are those working for Escom -- earning about
R400 a month.

When a middle-aged woman was doused in petrol before being set alight two
week ago, news bulletins just mentioned the incident in passing.

It occurred to very few that the incident was the culmination of a long
series of bitter grievances the residents had against the authorities.

When the local Development Board decided to increase rent to between R17,40
and R31,10 early this year, the residents felt the increase was biting too
deeply into their already overstretched budgets.

On June 16 this year, after several failed attempts, residents ultimately
managed to raise their grievances with officials of the Board at a public

meeting.

They wanted rents to remain at R8,70 because of the high rate of .unemploy-
ment and because many of the pensioners and widows couldn't afford the high

rent.

They also complained about the housing shortage, bad roads, lack of
electricity and a water-borne sewerage system.

Most of the residents depend on communal taps and a bucket system communal
toilet that is hardly ever kept clean.

Refuse removal is inconsistent and human waste is dumped just outside the
township. When the rainy season sets, the stench becomes unbearable.

There are no shops in the township and no sports facilities.

90



On the other hand, the import bills for the period were
as follows: .

Year Amount (¥ in billion)
1980 9.096
1981 12.99
- 1982 10.77
1983 8.903
1984 7.178

4. As a result of these developments, a backlog of
trade arrears of about N2.6 billion on documentary
credits had accumulated by December, 1982. Outstan-
ding credits in respect of bills on Open Accounts were
even higher. By the time Nigeria resorted to the IMF for
a loan in 1983, short term trade: arrears amounting to
over ¥4 billion had accumulated.

5. On the domestic front, the problem of excess ex-
penditure over income was very acute. In 1983, for ex-
ample, the Federal Government budget deficit ‘was
estimated at. about: 46 6 billion. (This was, however,
drastically reduced! in 1984 to 43.3 billion).. Arrears of
salaries owed to workers by some: State Governments
accumulated up t« the tune of about 4690.92 million.
The ‘Gross National Product declined: from %49,454.9
million in 1982 tc N47,056.6 million in 1983. Since 1981,
the rate of growth of the economy has been negative,

whereas the population growth rate averaged 2.5% an-
nually. Unemployment was high and i increasing. Sdalso
was inflation.

6. The Government applied fora three-year EFF pro-
gramme be¢ause of the severity and structural nature of
Nigeria’s balance of payments problem as well as the
easier repayment terms. It was felt then:that a ‘three-
year programme would be required to put the economy
back on the path of sustained growth and development:
in view of the larger extent of Nigeria’s balance of
payments disequilibrium.

AREAS OF AGREEMENT WITH IMF

7. Since Nigeria’s application to the IMF for a loan, a
series of negotiations have taken place between top
Nigerian officials and IMF staff.. These negotiations cen-
tred on the conditionalities for the loan; those
measures which Nigeria should agree to take in order to
obtain the loan, Incidentally, the Nigerian Government
had, at that time, become seriously perturbed ‘by the
deteriorating economic situation-and had already in-
troduced a number of austerity measures in order to

35



Despite Zapu's increasing conservatism, the real dynamic of Zimbabwean party
politics is that of the clan. The Patriotic Front alliance of the years
1976-79 is now dead and buried and every vote cast against Mugabe, even
for the old oppressor Ian Smith, is jubilantly welcomed in Matabeleland.

The better to understand the emerging one-party state, I spent most of the
election campaign in Matabeleland. Such has been Zanu (PF)'s onslaught
on Zapu that outside of Bulawayo itself, virtually every urban and rural
Zapu office has been closed or burnt out. The village meetings held by
Zapu during the campaign of June 1985 offered the Ndebele peasantry their
first exposure to their leaders since 1982.

Even during the three-week campaign, Zapu's election agents were frequently
Zapu's election agents were frequently arrested: six of Edward Ndlovu's
agents in Gwanda; three of Isaac Nyati's agents in Bululima-Mangwe. On
June 26 and 27 the police cancelled all Zapu meetings, including Nkomo's,
in the hotly-contested Beitbridge constituency. Julius Gumbo, a member of
Zapu's regional executive, was arrested an imprisoned at Nkayi.

Two days after the white elections the Central Intelligence Organisation
(CIO), who describe themselves as "from the Prime Minister's office", raided
the Thorngrove, Bulawayo, homes of several electoral agents who had supported
Zapu's sole candidate for a "white" constituency, a Coloured man with more
optimism than sense called Lonly Seckel.

At lam on June 30 the CIO came to a house in Anaboon Road, fired a warning
shot. through the bathroom window, then burst in on Seckel's. election agent,
Edward Huntley (also Coloured), and his family. Beating him, mocking -him

for meddling in politics, they forced Hunter to kneel on the. floor with a
pistol to his head. .When his wife, an African, protested, they beat her, too.

As police vehicles cruised in the street outside, the C10, wittily describing
themselves as soldiers from.Brady barracks, dragged away.Huntley and his
Zapu neighbour, Philip Tennant. Their almost inevitable destination was the
torture centre known.as. Stops Camp, in the heart of Bulawayo. Huntly and

Tennant had "been disappeared".

I took this case, informally, to a noted Bulawayo law firm, I interviewed
three lawyers. Each shrugged in despair. "Nothing can be done. Under the
Smith regime you contacted the Special Branch and traced your man after two
days at the most, Now no one knows anything." One lawyer described

Stops Camp as a "slaughterhouse".

They told me that at Dagamela, 50 kilometres to the north, the Zanu (PF)
election agent, Mkwananzi, had arrived at the polling station on the previous
day in a police ¢ar and began to harass people queueing to vote. When a local
Zapu official tried to intervene there were threats.. Inside the polling ‘
station the voters were presented with a ballot paper containing only

one party, Zanu (PF).

122



IJPRS*SSA*85*116
21 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

METHODISTS RESOLVE TO CONTINUE STRUGGLE FOR FREE SOCIETY
Church's 103rd Conference
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Oct 85 p 15

[Text] Bloemfontein--The Methodist Church of Southern Africa at its
103rd conference in Bloemfontein, resolved to continue the struggle for

a free society, “one aspect of which must be a common educational system
for all."

It was feared that the potential of an entire generation was being lost
with incalculable consequences for the individuals concerned and for the
country as a whole, the Church said.

This could no longer be seen in isolation as an educational issue only,
but had become a political matter. Until the fundamental injustices of
South African society were put right, there would be no satisfactory
resolution to the problems in education.

The situation was highly volatile and differed considerably from region to
region, with serious education problems that needed to be addressed.

Task Forces

Regional task forces are to be formed to respond suitably--in consultation
with the community--to the educational crisis in the respective regions
and to implement, if appropriate, programmes that use church buildings
and other resources.

The board of education was mandated, in consultation with other depart-
ments and like-minded bodies, to explore a positive approach to education
for implementation in a free South Africa.

Teachers were asked to volunteer their services for programmes offered,

while students should make use of these opportunities to prepare themselves
for their role in a free society.

97



as to ease the crippling bunching of her external debt.

The arrears on Letters of Credit-totalling about N1.4

billion were refinanced in 1983. Reconciliation ‘and

verification of the arrears on Open Accounts were also

commenced. In this category, claims totalling 8.61

billion dollars have been received. Of these, 2.0 billion

dollars has been verified by Chase and awaiting confir-
mation by the Central’ Bank of Nigeria. Promissory

Notes for 4808.5 million has already been issued. It

should be emphasized that the major obstacle in the

refinancing exercise has been the refusal of the Export

Credit Agencies (ECAs) to refinance their insured trade

arrears of about 2.0 billion dollars, unless Nigeria reach-

ed agreement with the IMF. It should also be pointed
out that our medium/long-term debt cannot also be
rescheduled without an IMF programme.

INVITATION FOR MEMORANDA

11. In the light of the above facts, constributors to the
debate are advised to direct their minds to the following
crucial questions:-

(a) Does Nigeria need the IMF loan?

(b) If not, what are the options or alternative solutions
to the country’s present economic problem?

(c) If Nigeria needs the IMF loan, what are the likely
economic, social or political consequences or im-
plications of the adoption of the IMF's structural ad-
justment programme?

({d) What are the possible options for dealing with the
.problems represented by the outstanding areas of
disagreement between Nigeria and the Fund which
Nigeria could put forward with a view to reaching
accommodation with the Fund?

12. The Committee plans to organize hearings in five
centres in the country on papers prepared by experts.
These centres are Lagos, Ibadan, Enugu, Jos and
Kaduna. The dates for these hearings will be announced
later. Meanwhile, the Committee appeals to Nigerians
to prepare Papers which they would be called upon to
present to the Committee at the nearest centre to their
places of residence. Such Papers should be addressed

to:-

The Secretary,
Presidential Committee on IMF Loan,
Federal Ministry of Finance,
Federal Secretariat (Phase 1),
(Room 1266), Ikoyi — Lagos.
Tel: 681883

38