The National Democratic Party of Liberia considers that sound urban develop-
ment program for the improvement of the living conditions of urban dwellers
can only be sustained by a simultaneous maintenance of a determined rural
development plan. Construction of farm to market roads will be given
priority because it is only then that our country's vast farmland areas can
become accessible for agricultural purposes.

The National Democratic Party of Liberia will not be contented with a network
of mere laterite roads. The Party's main aim is to evolve a program whereby
within a projected period, not only roads connecting county capitals in the
nation can be paved but that principal areas including tourist attractions
may also be reached by paved roads thereby boosting the country's tourist
industry.

Commerce/Industry/Transportation

The National Democratic Party of Liberia strongly believes that no nation
can become truly prosperous without the development and expansion of commerce,
industry and transportation. In the area of commerce, the Party is fully
aware that this sector deserves increased attention. For this reason, the
Party is committed to expanding trade and commerce with all nations, particu-
larly with the Mano River Union and ECOWAS. It will be the policy of the
National Democratic Party of Liberia to advance Liberian business enterpre-
neurship and encourage, promote, and ensure Liberians participation in the
commercial sector of the economy. The Party recognizes that no country can
achieve full economic well-being without involvement of its citizens in

the commercial life of that country. Towards this end, while preserving

the Free Enterprise System, it shall be the aim of the Party to consider the
creation of some incentives for citizens interested in going into business
and to promote training programs in connection therewith.

Not only will the Party encourage commerce in general but steps will be
taken towards industrialization as well. The Party believes that efforts
should be intensified towards the establishment of an industrial base. The
aim should be the creation of light industries resulting from the accelerated
business activities arising from the improved state of the economy attained
as a result of expanded trade and commerce.

Cognizant of the fact that maximum benefits can be achieved only when
commerce and industry are expanded together with a developed and efficient
transportation system, the Party shall endeavor to seek expansion of the
present public transportation system to serve not only metropolitan
Monrovia but all principal towns and cities. Private transport enterprises
shall be encouraged with a view to making it not only convenient for the
movement of people from one section of the country to another but to also
facilitate transportation of goods.

56


As far as safety is concerned, Kinshasa does not resemble Lagos, Abidjan, Dakar
or even Douala. In other words, at any time of the day or night and wherever
one may be, one is completely safe. At night, "Kin" is transformed, deserving,
by virtue of its music and dancing, its reputation as the most joyous capital
on the continent, but only at night.

Let there be no mistake about it: The iron thumb of the "guide," the president
and founder of the MPR (Popular Movement of the Revolution), Marshal Mobutu
Sese Seko, remains total, although relatively discreet today. It is a curious
country: a muzzled press, an-opposition that comes out so rarely that it takes
on a disproportionate importance, a population that unflinchingly bears up
under an increasingly sharp austerity and nothing moves, ever.... One old
Kinshasa native, a Western diplomat, gives one explanation: "Individual free-
doms are not truly -- at least systematically -- limited by coercion, but by

a diffuse propaganda, a constant mobilization in the MPR and by the personality
cult that surrounds the Guide. The 'Mobutu system' discourages revolt. It

is the regime of the extinguisher." The MPR ~- of which every citizen is a
member from birth -- knows only his law because, in accordance with the logic
of its founder, it is a party-state, a "whole" outside of which nothing can
validly exist. In the most remote town of the Equatorial forest and in the
"Kinshasa zone," one of the most poverty-stricken districts of the capital,

the MPR is present.

Tourniquet

The very embodiment of the paternalistic African autocrat, President Mobutu
tolerates no sharing of power. In Zaire, notoriety very quickly becomes a
source of trouble. Former Prime Minister Nguza Karl I Bond, who has just re-
turned to Kinshasa after a 4-year exile in Brussels, knows something about it:
the successive Cabinet shakeups that come without warning. Those who have
apparently fallen from grace actually have a good chance of returning to the
corridors of power some day. This practice.of the "tourniquet" makes it possi-
ble to discourage any sign of revolt. Why go over to the opposition, meaning
go into exile, when one has but to wait for history to go around again? "In
20 months," says the representative of a financial organization, "I had eight
board chairman at GECAMINES [General Quarries and Mines Company] and five
finance ministers." "In 5 years," adds the political adviser to an important
embassy, "I have never been able to find a logical explanation for a given
departure from or addition to the government." Power here is obtained or lost
because of the changing mood of "the master." And yet, according to several
accounts, the debate that takes place within the Central Committee is aston-
ishlingly lively and free. The president-founder accepts the "challenges" and
even criticism, but on one imperative condition: Nothing must ever filter
abroad because the Guide must never appear to be questioned. In exchange for
this rule, never transgressed, the members of the Central Committee enjoy all
the advantages of the Nomenklatura.

The "Mobutu system" is relatively original: Along with strict repression, a
continuing dialogue is being preserved with dissidents, either real or assumed,
Every time he is abroad, the president has softened the "diehards" with bundles
of bills. How many of them, returning home, have stopped off at N'Sele (the

120


JPRS*SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

COMORO ISLANDS

BRIEFS

PROCESS OF LAW--Moustafu Said Sheikh, leader of the Front Democratique, and
others accused of complicity in the failed mutiny by rank-and-file members
of President Ahmed Abdallah's presidential guard in March (AC Vol 26 No 15)
have had their trials repeatedly postponed. Given the unusual structure in
the Comores--Abdallah is propped up by French and a few Belgian mercenaries
who remained on the islands after conducting the coup that reinstated him in
1978--there is general scepticism about the process of law. The mercenaries,
who have no official standing, carried out many of the arrests after the
mutiny. They brushed aside the objections of Abdallah's minister of state
security, internal affairs and justice, Ali Mroudjae, in order to search his
house. Two relatives subsequently arrested have been identified as Adjibou
Ali, an economist, and Housseine Sheikh Soilihi, director of the central
bank. Torture of detainees is widespread. According to Amnesty International
there are 43 civilian detainees in various parts of the islands. Moustafu
Said Sheikh is held alone at the headquarters of the Forces Armees Comori-
ennes (FAC) at M’de. A large group is in the Voidjou military camp, where
torture is commonplace. A few,’ including Said Nafiou Zarkach, the director
of civil aviation, are in relatively comfortable quarters in the Gendarmerie
in Moroni. Members of the presidential guard accused of taking part in the
mutiny are being held in the mercenary headquarters at Kandahani. Little is
known about their fate. Two French lawyers who arrived in the islands to
investigate the arrests were immediately deported by the mercenaries.

Another visitor from France, probably a former officer in the French security
agency, La Direction de la Surveillance du Territitoire, was allowed in "to
assist in the interrogation and prosecution of detainees." As previously
reported, the French intelligence services, which backed the 1978 mercenary
coup, aré showing renewed interest in what happens in the Comores, especially
because of ‘competition from Washington, Moscow and Pretoria. One by~product
of the wooing of Abdallah by Robert Keating, the US ambassador to Madagascar,
may be the transfer of the American satellite-tracking base from the Sey-
chelles (where President Albert Rene is demanding a massive rent increase
when the lease expires next year) to the Comores. The rent would be about
$4m a year-~a large amount for the Comores. [Text] [London AFRICA CONFIDEN-
TIAL in English 18 Sep 85 p 8]

cso: 3400/59

22


NOTE

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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



COST OF KWAZULU NATAL CONSOLIDATION PROJECT REVEALED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Sep 85 p 3

[Article by Tim Clarke]

[Text]

DURBAN. | — The
cost of the KwaZulu
Natal —_ consolidation
proposals as detailed in
a report released yes-

terday would be about -

R195-million and
would | affect about
42000 people, Mr
Hendrik Tempel, MP,
and chairman of the
five-man commission
investigating the issue,
said in Durban yester-
day afternoon.
KwaZulu would re-
ceive about 300 000 ha in
terms of the proposals.

Speaking at a Press .

conference in Durban,

Mr Tempel emphasided _
that it was “a plan” and —

not “the plan” for the fu-
ture development of Na-
tal and KwaZulu.

He also stressed that
once the com nm had
looked into oral and ver-
bal evidence at various
areas in Natal and Kwa-
Zulu, it would then make
representations to the
Government and the
Land Trust Commission
who would have the final
say

to Chief Mongosuthu Bu-
thelezi, the Chicf Minis-
ter of KwaZ, i

y
Asked for his reaction ©

tion of the proposed plan, °

Mr Tempel said: “I have
no comment at © this
stage”.

Return
He was. also ‘asked
about the Chief's allega-
tion that the proposals
were a return to the ““Ver-
woerdian era in South

Africa.” Mr Tempel re-”

plied: “Well, the handing
over of 300000 ha to
KwaZulu can hardly be
considered returning to
the Verwoerdian era.
KwaZulu has repeatedly
said they ‘want more
land.”
Mr Tempel said that
| the Commission had lis-
tened to all arguments on
the proposals — which
broadly mean. that Kwa-
Zulu. would consist of
three main blocks with 12

} adjoining areas.

i Blaborating on the land
inclusion into KwaZulu,
Mr Tempel said that in
terms of the 1975 propo-
sals 500 000 people, both

White and Black, would
have been involved in the
removals, and the cost

. would have been in the
region of R300-million.

In‘terms of the new
proposals these’ ’ figures
had been scaled down and
as far as the Commission
was concerned the propo-

116

JPRS*SSA“85+100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

sals allowed only the min-
imat amount of resettle-
ment.

“In any way you look at
it, some Blacks and some.
Whites will have to be re-
settled.”

Answering —_ questions
by Mr A Bischoff, sec-
retary of the Natal Agri-

* cultural Union (NAU),

Mr Tempel said that
White farmers whose
lands were incorporated
into KwaZula would be
paid out in cash according
to the land values at that

- stage when the consolida-

tion plans were finalised.

In answer to another
question he said he could
not envisage at this stage
what the position would
Be if White farms were in-
corporated into KwaZulu
and the White owners
said that they did not
want to sell, but wished to
remain under the power
of the KwaZulu Govern-
ment.

Anxious

Mr Tempel emphasised
that the Commission was
anxious to hear the opin-
ions of the various bodies
in commerce, various
farmers’ —_ organisations
and other statutory bod-
ies over the proposals.

Whites, Blacks,

Coloureds and Indians in


cso:

3400/61

The Commissioner of
Internal Revenue Mr.

Molley N. Gray, who

also spoke to FOOT-
PRINTS TCDAY said the
success could be at-
tributed to expendi-
ture control initiated
by Government with the
aim of generating ade-
quate revenue during:
this fiscal year.

He mentioned that
the Liberian govern-
ment anticipated other
friendly governments
to Assist with. its
financial recovery
when the $386.5 mil-
lion budget was an-
nounced recently.
Minister manly said,!
government has re-
doubled its revenue
collection campaign,
using trained man-
power to handle the
operations effective-
ly.

65



The preliminary work for this project has already been started, in. particular,
the preparation of the land on which they willbe built, as well as the trans-
portation of the sand needed at the chosen site.

According to the information gathered by our.reporter from Marcelo Mendes
Caiche, PROMAC, the Construction Materials Production Enterprise, with head-
quarters in the city of Beira, has already shipped‘ to the district a portion
of the material intended to make sure that the project will work properly.

According to our source, the only problem that interfered with getting the
work started has to do with a portion of the material necessary, although
the enterprise has already taken some steps in this matter, "All we need’
is cement, iron, and lusalite concrete panels," he said.

Then he added: "PROMAC maintains.that the material is being shipped and its
technicians, who will build two mode] homes, are also on the way."

According to the terms of the contract signed between the Sena Sugar Enterprise
and PROMAC, the construction work on the two model homes has been scheduled
for June of this year.

On the other hand, a portion of the material intended for the construction of
these housing units will be entirely the responsibility of "SSE."

Marcelo Mendes Caiche explained to us that the 30 houses to be constructed
will involve two or three standard types.

"Sena Sugar" Helps Victims of Armed Bandits

So far, 200 hectares of land have been distributed, "Sena Sugar Estates" in’
Marromeu gave the people, who were recently liberated from the armed bandits,
200 hectares of its land,

This cession is intended to improve the family production conditions of those
population groups and the areas ceded individually are as much as 1 hectare.

According to Abdala Mussa, an agronomist-engineer who talked to our newspaper,
this measure can be explained by the needs of the individuals who in recent
months have been crowding into the district seats, coming from areas hit by
the criminal operations of the armed bandits in some localities in that part
of Sofala.

Due to the action of these bandits, individual production as well as collective
production, particularly in the towns of Solone and Maviga, have been harmed.
Little or almost nothing was produced until the adoption of this measure,

The people who received land signed development contracts with the enterprise
for periods of 2-3 years.

5058
CSO: 3442/404

76


As for the program for 1985, it will center on the following topics:

Two training courses in tissue cultures (one in French, for the French-
speaking countries) are planned for Dakar from 15 to 18 July 1985. The course
in English for those who speak that language will unfortunately be postponed
until next year, owing to financial problems.

RAB will duly note the participation of six African scientists who will take
part in some major meetings: one such is the International Protozoology
Congress now going on in Nairobi. The same applies to the International
Congress on Applied Microbiology, which will be held in Helsinki (Finland) and
will see three African research scientists in attendance.

The 1985 program also includes RAB meetings in Ivory Coast, Congo, and Gabon;
there will also be a on active agents in diarrhea in Nigeria in September of
19853 a workshop on medicinal plants is scheduled for the last week of October
1985 at the University of ife-ile-ife (Nigeria).

In conclusion, Dr Ba, regional coordinator for RAB, dwelt on the organization
of the Network's structures. The African Life Sciences Network is unique to
Africa. It is subdivided into three subregions, to wit:East and Southern
Africa, Central Africa, and West Africa; the decision-making centers are: the
regional executive committee, the Sub-regional committee, and the National
committee. Dr Rab called on the West African Sub-regional Committee to pick
two representatives to sit on the regional committee, beside their peers from
East Africa, Southern Africa, and Central Africa. They will gather in Dakar
on 15 July 1985 to discuss and priorities to projects for intervention.

Next to take the floor was Dr Dosunmu Ogunbi, coordinator for RAB's West .
African Sub-region, who proposed the following agenda:

1) Reports on activities from national committees;
2) Submission of projects;
3) Miscellaneous.

1. Reports on national committee activities

We would point out that most of the countries attending the meeting had no
operational national committee; some had new ones that had just been
organized, others had some in mid-gestation. Only Liberia and Nigeria had a
functional national committee already in place, complete with structures. As
a consequence, the activities conducted by the various structures at the
national level have been confined to the inventory of available research
People to staff the national committee. It should be noted that membership is
a matter of personal choice.

At the Burkina-Faso level, it is the forest research committee that plays this
role, pending formation of a life-sciences committee.

12


Fatalism

A nun who has lived in the suburbs:of Lubumbashi for. several years explains

the decline in the standard of living in the poorest districts: \ "Previous to
1965, the people had three meals a day, then they had two and a half from

1965 to 1970, two from 1970'to 1975, a meal and a half from 1975 to 1980. and
finally one meal until 1984. Today, there are many people who do not eat every
day." One can see the trend by going through the Kinshasa markets. At the
stalls, meat, fish, rice, flour,.corn, soap, grasshoppers, monkey, pineapples,
and so on, are sold in very small portions and therefore, at. very low prices.

In the cities, the people seem to accept the consequences of an ever harsher.
austery fatalistically. Strikes do take place from time to time, however,
occasionally requiring the direct intervention of the chief of state at the
site of the "conflict." But in-general,.as explained by the. secretary general
of the National Union of Zairian Workers, Kombo, union members base their
action on "dialogue and working together," inasmuch as: the UNTZA is an "inte-
gral part of the MPR" and rejects "trade unionism consisting of making demands."

His officials try to make the rank and file understand that it is Zaire that
appealed to the International Monetary Fund and that consequently, it is the
duty of each individual to accept new limitations. "The role of trade unionism
in developing countries," Kombo emphasizes, "is first of all to educate the
people, explain to them that in order to eat, we have to -produce." Although
he does not believe that "one can make people accept the same sacrifices for
3 years," Kombo does not think there will be a "Tunisian-style" social revolt.

Power of Church

In the bush, family solidarity is powerfully backed by the aid supplied by
Catholic missions. The Church, people generally believe, is probably the
most solid institution in Zaire, at least the best organized and the most
operational. Some 2,500 priests (a third:of them Zairian), 52 bishops and
4,800 nuns (half Zairian) are scattered throughout the territory, divided ‘into
47 dioceses, autonomous financially.

“They are the only ones who could try to pull off.a.coup with any-chance of
succeeding," jokes one Western military expert. Actually, all the missions are
connected with Kinshasa by radio. In all, there are nearly a thousand stations
constituting a grid that is unique. Even the army does not have such a good
system of transmission. In Kinshasa, telephone subscribers must often buy the |
electric wires themselves, pay phone ‘employees and give them the tools if

they want their line fixed! A minister will sometimes wait 6, 8 or even 24
hours before he can speak with the government in a given region. The sole
example of the telephone explains in a nutshell why there is no real "state"

in Zaire, but only a "chief of state," a good police force and a few elite
units. oe

This superiority which the Church enjoys of -being able to communicate rapidly
with the main areas of the country explain its effectiveness and therefore

its popularity with the people. Urgent needs are known and known and aid
dispensed more rapidly. Furthermore, the Church manages many of the hospitals,

125



JPRS“SSA*85~100
17 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

MINISTER SAYS PARTY MUST HAVE SAY IN ECONOMY
Harare THE HERALD in English 14 Sep 85 p 5

[Text] The highest organs of Zanu (PF) must be involved in both policy
formulation and planning of the economy since the party is committed to
the development of the economy, the Minister of Home Affairs, Cde Enos
Nkala, said yesterday.

Addressing members of the Zimbabwe Promotion Council in Bulawayo on

the role of the economic affairs committee of the Zanu (PF) Politburo,
Cde Nkala called on the private and public sectors to work together

to improve the economic and social status of all the people, especially
those in communal areas.

He said that since the ZPC represented leaders of the Zimbabwean economy
it was important that they be kept informed of important political events
and decisions of the Government and the ruling party.

Zanu (PF) was committed to the policy of socialism.

"However, in persuance of this policy Zanu (PF) takes cognizance of our
historical and socio-cultural reality. Consequently the socialist thrust
Zanu (PF) pursues and intends to follow takes into account the existence
of the private sector!’ he said.

The private and public sectors would have to work together to improve
the economic and social status of the people.

He said the three-year development plan recognised the private sector
as indicated by the Prime Minister who said: "While the main thrust
of the plan is socialist and calls for a greater role by the State
through the instrumentality of state enterprises . ... ample room has
been reserved for performance by private enterprises."

"Thus of the total amount of $6096 million gross investment needed for the
plan, the public sector will make an input of 59 percent, leaving the
private sector to-find the rest of the input of 41 percent,"

Cde Nkala then said: "Therefore, we are partners in the development of
our country."

131



JPRS“SSA+85~100
17 October 1985

MAURITIUS

EMPLOYMENT MINISTER SPEAKS ON DEMOCRACY AT CONFERENCE
Dakar L'UNITE POUR LE SOCIALISME in French Jul 85 p 9

[Article by Sana Sane: "Dr Diwakur Bundhun: 'We Are Condemned to Stand
together'"]

[Text] Having come to participate in the International Conference on Demo~
eracy in Africa, in the name of his party, the Mauritian Socialist Movement
(MSM), Dr Diwakur Bundhun, minister of employment, social security and national
solidarity, placed himself exclusively in the hands of "Unity for Socialism."

With an easy manner and exemplary modesty, this brilliant intellectual spoke
to us in turn, with great facility, of Mauritius (his country), democracy,

human freedom, the Organization of African Unity (OAU), 2nd of Diego Garcia,
one of the islands of the territory occupied by the United States of America.

"In Mauritius, we live in a real democracy, since we have always held free,
democratic elections, without any fraud," the MSM representative said in sub-
stance. As if to give more weight to his remark, Bundhun indicated that two
successive elections took place in 1982/1983 following many disagreements that
ended in the removal of the former coalition government made up of the Mauritian
Militant Movement (MMM) and the Mauritian Socialist Party (PSM), which at that
time had won all the seats in parliament (60 in total) and all the district
elections. It was consequently necessary to organize new elections. In August
1983, the MSM, in an alliance with other parties, carried off the victory,
without a single drop of blood being spilled. "There," he pointed out, "is

an example of democracy. That explains, when all is said and done, the political
maturity of the Mauritian people." Moreover, he was to point out that several
communities live in Mauritius, coming from Europe (French and English), Asia
(Indians), Africa (Senegalese, Mozambicans and South Africans), beside which
religious diversity freely evolves. "In spite of all this, everything is
bathed in peace," the Mauritian minister was pleased to say, describing his
country as a little "UN," without falling into any self-satisfaction.

"We believe in freedom of the press; we accept the role of the opposition; we
believe in an independent judicial system, and we are for freedom of expression
and democracy. We believe in a constitution and we will do everything to pro-
tect it. The multiparty system is the only one that is best for Mauritius.
That is to tell you that our party does not claim to hold the monopoly of

71



fanswer/ I feel optimistic about it. The church will make progress if
it is able to combine evangelical work with work in support of the
people. We have centers where we provide assistance and foster
development, and this helps people improve themselves. It is beautiful
to. see how the gospel is received in difficult areas, such as Sidamo,
for instance. This is the kind of work that we look upon with great
hope and that will bear lots of fruit.

12667
cso: 3428/9

29



cso:

BLACK BUSINESSES SEEK CASH RELIEF AFTER UNREST

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Sep 85 p 4

[Text]

‘BLACK busines lide
i iy appealed to the ;
{ Government to set up a!

jHeunis, in Pretoria yes-

Development.
{and Planning, Mr Chis ,
‘terday to discuss the pro--;

3400/15

Mr Heunis had request-~
| ed that Nafcoc conduct an
investigation to deter-
: mine the extent of dam-
age and also the issue of
ij insurance.
Nafcoc had already ap-
& pointed a cornmission of

© inquiry along these lines .

+ and the matter would be
® treated as priority, hope:
¥ fully with results
| Mr Heunis reiterated
he had not been able to
give any committments at
~ this stage, but that he had
undertaken to talk to in-
: surance companies on the,
, matter of Black business-
: men who were unable to -
‘insure their businesses for.
ial reasons. :
, Asked about the extent
; of damage to Black busi- .
ness so far, Mr Motsue-
ynyane, said preliminary |
* indications were that Na-
tal had been hardest hit,
but that businesses in the
PWV area and the East-
em Cape were also suffer,
i. :
Mr Heunis also said he |
had explained to the del-
egation that the State’
President’s Fund, estab-
lished to help victims of
terrorism in South Africa
was a “possible source of
relief,” for Black busines-
men. — Sapa.

100

JPRS*SSA4854100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS*SSA“85=100
17 October 1985

GUINEA

PRESIDENT CONTE'S DIFFICULTIES OUTLINED
Paris AFRIQUE NOUVELLE in French 11-17 Sep 85 pp 10-12
[Article by Sory Balde]

[Text] Get several thousand cadres at all levels
to accept termination of their civil service posts;
protect the ordinary citizens' purchasing power;
discipline an army unfortunately afflicted with an
itchy trigger-finger; keep a watchful eye on the
delicate and tenuous process of establishing

amity among the various ethnic groups; make a
cabinet facing vitriolic criticism do its job:
those are the problems facing President Lansana
Conte.

The sidewalk rumor-mills are operating at full speed and broad-
casting on all frequencies, beginning with officers, via the
government cadre ranks and the big merchants, all the way down
to high-school and college students and soldiers in the ranks,
and the topic is speculation over what will happen now that
Diarra Traore has lanced the abcess of immobilism with his try
at toppling President Lansana Conte last 4th of July.

The work-places, once deserted, now can barely hold their pensio-
ners. Everyone is careful to be regular and punctual, not to
look busy, but to exchange information received the previous day
from Lt X , Maj Y, or Mr Z.

In these endless conferences that last the better part of the day,
when they are not merely adjourned to the nearest cafe, the par-
ticipants form and deform governments, state corporations, and/or
coin a currency. Some even go so far as to say that the chief of
State is is going to retire from office within 3 months!

The fact is that Guinea has a lot to worry about these days. Not
about its economic and social lag alone, but for a lot of other
reasons in particular, the problem of men. If you are out to

36


Touching on the economy, the statement pointed out that LAP would seek to pro-
mote economic recovery. |

The statement indicated that recognition accorded “our" expertise, commitment
and dedication, nationally and internationally, by relevant financial institu-
tions shall “help us" to successfully attack the root causes of the present
economic difficulties.

The role of the state in the provision of goods and services, especially those
activities suitable for private undertakings, would be "thoroughly scrutinized"
py LAP in an effort to redirect state resources to effective governing the state-
ment noted.

It added that the Open Door Policy should effectively. promote the development of
Liberians, stating that LAP would actively promote private investment by creating
an atmosphere conducive to free enterprise in a larger freedom.

On Agriculture, the statement noted that LAP recognizes the potential role of
agriculture in sustaining any nation, thus, emphasis would be placed on the
design and implementation of rural development strategies.

The statement said salary disbursements would be regularized by a LAP adminis-
tration, and that civil servants must be paid on time at their places of work.

cs0: 3400/27

61


IJPRS#SSA+854100
17 October 1985

GHANA

LETTER DISCUSSES PLIGHT OF TEACHERS IN LIBYA
London TALKING DRUMS in English 9 Sep 85 pp 5, 6

{letter to the editor by K. S, Owusu Appiah/

Grext]

The economy of Libya is now on the
decline and Gaddafi regime is taking
some harsh economic measures to
conserve the country’s scarce foreign
exchange earnings.

The recent order on the alien
workers to take Libyan citizenship was
seen as a deliberate attempt to deprive
the aliens of their right to send part of
their monthly earnings home to
support their families. All the foreign
nationals working in Libya have their
salaries paid into their accounts in
foreign countries of their own choice.
It is in these countries that they do their
shopping and send to their home
countries because no foreigner is
allowed to send anything out of Libya
except clothing.

The Gaddafi regime has embarked
on mass development projects which
attracted a large skilled and unskilled
labour force from African countries —
mostly from north African states with
the majority coming from Egypt and
Tunisia.

In the field of formal education
much emphasis was placed on the
learning of the English language as a
compulsory subject in all the
educational institutions in the country.

As the country faced the problem of
recruiting qualified English language
teachers, in 1981 the Libya educational
authorities began a small scale recruit-
ing of teachers from Nigeria,
particularly Ghanaians who arrived
late and could not get appointments in

32

Nigeria. There were many other
Ghanaian teachers who went to Libya
on their own.

When the PNDC regime came to
power the regime gave its full blessing
to the recruitment of Ghanaian
teachers on a large scale to Libya. In
October 1983 the education authorities
from Libya went to Ghana to recruit
teachers at the time when the nation
was facing the problem of getting
teachers and most of the schools in
rural areas were without teachers.

In October last year the Libyan
authorities were again in Ghana to
recruit our experienced teachers. Since
the PNDC approved of such exodus,
officials of the Ghana Education
Service (GES) headed by Mr Nicholas
Asante, Director of the Secondary
Education of the GES, assisted in
recruiting the best of Ghana’s teachers,
(Talking Drums, December 10, 1984).

Teachers from other African
countries, especially Egypt and Tunisia
who could read in Arabic, were also
recruited to handle other subjects apart
from English Language.

The mass dismissals carried out by
the Libyan authorities has affected ail
the foreign nationals working in the
country and Ghanaians in other sectors
were also affected.

As Libya is aiming at reducing her
reliance on foreign labour and create
more job openings for her nationals,
what happened to Ghanaian teachers
and many other professionals who


JPRS*SSA*85=100
17 October 1985

LIBERIA
MONTHLY REVENUE INTAKE INCREASES
Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 9 Sep 85 p 1
[Text] -
Reyenue collection government, and - they

in the country has in- are more concerned

creased remarkably about paying their

from $1.5 million to taxes,

over $2 million a
month, Deputy Finance
Minister for Revenue
and. Excise, Captain
Eddie G. Manly, dis-
closed to FOOT-
PRINTS TODAY recently.

Minister Manly who
was speaking in an in-
terview at his office
described the nation's
economic recovery pro-
gram as successful as
a result of the re-
organizational struc-
ture at the Free Port
of Monrovia, and other
areas of revenue col-
lection.

He noted that the
collection of revenue
has taken a new trend
through a management
control system that
identifies areas which
have not been consi-
dered in the past.

The Minister also
observed that Liberi-
ans are now aware of
their obligations to

64

He further explained
that public corpora-
tions like the Liberia
Petroleum Refining |
Corporation (LPRC),
Liberia Telecommuni-
cation Corporation
(LTC), Liberia Elec-
tricity Corporation
(LEC) and Liberia Pro-
duce Marketing Cor-
poration (LPMC) are
among ‘others paying
substantial amounts
into government re-
venue.

Concerning conces-
sion companies in Li-
beria, Minister Manly
said their operations
here have been reward-
ing in that Liberians
gain technically and
the companies provide
social benefits and
contribute tremen-
dously to the economic
development of the
country.


SOWETAN REQUEST TO SEE MANDELA TURNED DOWN

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 18 Sep 85 p 4

{Text]

cso:

“THEY South African’ Prisons “Ser-~~
vice has turned down an applica-'
tion by the Sowetan newspaper to
visit ANC léader Nelsori Mandela
and the PAC leader, Zeph Motho-
peng in prison, “s:°. 4 -: :
1" Mandela is serving a life sen-
fence at Follsmoor Prison in Cape
‘Town ai years
the “Johannesburg Pr near So-
weto: ' ‘ .
} “?he chief liaison officer of the
“Prison Services, Lt-Col Danie Im-
melman, tele, honed Peer
a rtment’s
" ‘The newspaper sent the request
‘on August nd two days Iter
received a telex acknowledging re-
ceipt of the letter. .-"-
Mandela, who has been in jail for
the past 21 years, has been inter-
[ewed in jail by foreign journal-
Yn January, Mandela gave bis’
first Press interview since hi his con-"
viction when he was visited by’

British Conservative Party peer, '

3400/25

‘Lord. Nicholas Bethell. The inter-

“No
. viewed Moth 1s

‘view was spread across two pages .

of a London newspaper.

In July, the Prisons Service al-
lowed South African. newspapers
to use an interview that Mandela
had with Professor Samuel Dash of
Georgetown University in the
United States.
has ever inter-

since his con-
viction in the 1 PAC trial in

1979.
In the application for the inter-
That sewopapermen tom abroad
ym al
had interviewed Mandela
Meanwhile, Mandela is receiv-
ing medical treatment prescribed

. for him by a urologist, a Prisons
: Department spokesman said yes-
at :

y.

The spokesman would not say
whether Mandela, who has an en-
larged prostate gland and cysts on
his liver and right kidney, was re-
celving treatment in hospital or
prison. : :

Mandela has been advised to
have his prostate
cording to his family. — Sapa.

101

fe removed, ac-:

SOUTH AFRICA

JPRS*SSA=85~100
17 October 1985



[5 Jul 85 p 6]

[Text] Independent for 25 years, Zaire experienced many up~
heavals before being ‘guided by the iron hand of President
Mobutu (LE MONDE, 4 July), loyal ally of the West. And yet,
the latter has not succeeded in leading his. country out of
the ills besetting many African nations.

Lubumbashi--Automatic sprinklers water the greens, whose tender. hue is in con-
trast with the deeper color of the surrounding vegetation. The 18-hole golf
course is superb: Coral trees and red and yellow cannas frame the clubhouse.
The air is fresh; the countryside almost Normand. A tanned Belgian, followed
by a young Black caddy, returns slowly to the restaurant, where the menu must
offer frites mayonnaise.

Not far away; near the Karavia dairy farm," at the end of a dusty lane, one
comes to a perfectly maintained equestrian center with a dressage arena and
obstacle course of Olympic dimensions. Dozens of South African horses are in”
the stalls. ‘Inthe evening, expatriates, the majority of them Belgian, have

a few drinks in a very cosy atmosphere. ‘Twenty-five years after independence,
Lubumbashi-Elisabethville, with its false airs of a Belgian provincial city,
still has many of the traces.

The influence of ‘the old colonial power remains considerable, both economically
and on the people's thinking. And yet, the "Flemish," as they are called by
those not: fond of them, are not in complete control, which some almost regret:
"Under the Belgians, we lived better" (which is probably true).

Others, more numerous, undoubtedly, think that since the Belgians did not leave
much in the way of social infrastructures ‘(which is also true), they are now :
in a poor position to give development lessons to Zairian authorities. None-
theless, while the Belgian community tends. to decline, going from 17,000 ex-
patriates in 1980 to 14,500 today, the Zairian colony in Belgium, mainly in
Brussels, remains large with some 15,000 persons. "Are you traveling?"
"I'm going abroad." ' Two common expressions that mean going to Belgium.

le

Sabena has five flights a week between Kinshasa and Brussels, where the wives |
of rich Zairians come to have their babies and where the children of wealthy
families are educated.’ It is also to the Belgian capital that the "institu-
tional" opposition to the regime of President Mobutu fled and while Kinshasa
businessmen put their money in Swiss bank accounts, they invest in Belgium,
particularly in real estate. In Gombe, the most fashionable district of Kin-
shasa, one sometimes sees Mercedes with Belgian license plates carrying little
Zairians with a heavy Belgian accent!

Losses

Light years away, on the road leading to downtown Lubumbashi, a herd of horned ©
cows completely obstructs the way, forcing cars to creep along. After waiting
for 15 minutes, a white driver, out of patience, asks the herder to push his
animals to one side. The answer is not long in coming: "Ten zaires?"

123



[Boxed Material] Ask the Man in the Street

Question:
what would

Answer:

Question:

Answer 1:

Answer 2:

Answer 3:

Answer 4:

Answer 5:

6182

If Lansana Conte were running for election today,
you do?

Not only would we vote for him: we'd fight to make
sure he got elected.

What are your hopes for the future?

That cabinet ministers, service chiefs, and their ilk
might learn that there is no such "profession" as
minister, service chief, etc.

That good jobs be given more to able, hard-working
men devoted to the country's development than to
blindly loyal yes-men.

That travel at government expense be banned,:as it serves
no purpose. Diplomatic missions abroad are there to
handle any such matters.

That military personnel serving in the capacity of

of public servants be assigned from now on to reserve
units. That way, when they are found guilty of poor
management, the civilian courts will conduct the
inquiry. That meansthey will have not only the same
advantages as their civilian colleagues, but will also
be at the same risk.

That no cabinet may ever have more than 15 ministers.
Such a provision would greatly decrease the cost to
the country, because one minister costs at least as
as much as 15 top cadres.

cso: 3419/610

42


Study's Economic Viability

"The economic viability of this project depends.on the local possibities
for obtaining energy. Worldwide, there are aviaries which supply their own
energy with a plant of this type and which sell the surplus. to the standard
power grid," engineer Henrique: Lopes told us.

Mozambique has an alternative that must be taken into consideration if we
realize that there are different centers of animal production which face

problems relating not only to’ thermal energy but also to electric power;

they are scattered throughout the rural areas.

"In China, for example, there are today 4 million installations of biodigestors
and Brazil has more than 100,000," chemical engineer Henrique Lopes said.

Easily maintained, provided it has been properly designed, a farmer can main-
tain and operate the plant and its’cost is totally paid off in 2 or 3 years.

5058
cso: 3442/404

84


Rebuilding the Party

The task of rebuilding the Party, begun at the National Conference of 1967
and continued systematically on the organisational, theoretical and political
levels by the second Congress of the P.A.I. Senegal held in 1972, and by the
founding Congress of the P.I.T. Senegal held at Dakar in 1981, has been
methodically accomplished. Itis now being carried forward in anew context,
acontext in which the necessities of the struggle require that the Party should
beat one and the same time a vanguard party and a mass party. It must be a great
party of initiative and of struggle in the service of the working class and the
popular masses of Senegal. It isin the light ofthese necessities that the second
legal Congress of the P.I.T. Senegal has underlined in a very distinctive way
the need for our Party to extend and consolidate its links with the masses, to
strengthen its proletarian base, and to offer the working class the opportunity
to fulfil its historic mission and play the most active part in social and political
change.

The political, ideological and organisational strengthening of the Party
and the success of our policy of unity of patriotic forces enable us to seek the
best conditions for success in the struggle against the neo-colonial regime. At
what stage of this struggle do we now find ourselves? What objectives can we
aim at? What forces can we mobilise to achiieve these objectives? How do we
intend to achieve power and to keep it? These are the important questions
which our Congress set out to answer, basing itselfon an objective analysis of
the situation of our country.

Senegal is dominated in its most vital aspects by foreign capital, associated
with a small indigenous class of bourgeois bureaucrats and parasites. The
neo-colonialist and capitalist policies followed by the “socialist” government
are the essential cause of the growing pauperisation of large masses of the
people. These same policies have produced the result that, more than a
quarter of a century after its independence, the country has not even set out
on the road of economic and social development which would benefit the
majority of its people.

Conducted for the benefit of imperialism and the indigenous minority
which controls the apparatus of the neo-colonial state, this policy has ruined
the country, aggravated social inequality, gravely affected civil liberties,
endangered the peace and security of our poeple, created regional
disequilibrium and stirred up ethnic problems which put our territorial
integrity in issue, and undermined the foundations ofour national cohesion.
‘This situation has divided the country into two camps with irreconcilable
interests: on the one hand the camp of thos who organise exploitation and

profit from it, and on the other hand that of the victims of exploitation whose
interest lies in putting an end to it.

Ivison the basis of the situation briefly described above that our Congress
has defined the present stage of our struggle. ‘This is the stage of the national
democratic revolution whose content in our country possesses two
dimensions — anti-imperialism and anti-capitalism. This double
characterisation is not something which we have decreed out of a wish to
make history conform to our own desires. It has its basis in the thesis
originally put forward by Lenin and confirmed by the modern national
liberation movement both in Africa and elsewhere, according to which



UP Pledges To Scrutinize Education
(FOOTPRINTS, 2, 5 Sep 85) .csceeeessecceceeeeecesseeeees

Party Platforms Viewed
LAP Wants Government of National Unity

Supreme Court To Probe Power Rivalry in Seaman Union
(NEW LIBERIAN, 6 Sep 85) ....seeeeeee

Monthly Revenue Intake Increases
(FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 9 Sep 85) .ecccessseeceseecceeeeeeees

Money Transfer Halts With Exhaustion of Foreign Reserves
(Sam H. Johnson; NEW LIBERIAN, 12 Sep 85) ..-sseesereees

Doe Urges Farmers To Intensify Cash Crop Production
(NEW LIBERIAN, 5 Sep 85) scsevesecceececeveccssceccesees

Sackor Urges Radio To Air More Local News
(NEW LIBERIAN, 10 Sep 85) ssceeseeececescecscercecessees

MALAWI

Briefs
Danish, South African Aid

MAURITIUS

Employment Minister Speaks on Democracy at Conference
(Sana Sane; L'UNITE POUR LE SOCIALISME, Jul 85) .....---

MOZAMBIQUE

Economic Importance of Marromeu District Noted
(NOTICTAS, 4 Sep 85) sescecevseecenereevccseereseeescces

Chibabava District Prepares To Solve Major Problems
(NOTICIAS, 4 Sep 85) cecesececceccrcereesceserecesseesee

Water Supply Project for Gaza Rural Areas Expanded
(NOTICIAS, 2 Sep 85) weceseccsessedcecsceceesaserseesces

Biogas Production Pilot Project
(NOTICIAS, 30 Aug 85) .eccsceceeseeeereceeereecesceeeess

Briefs
Mechanics for MECANAGRO

NAMIBIA

Grave Effects Predicted Due to South Africa's Economic Crisis
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Sep 85) ‘siccsccecceestsseneseeesseeeies

59

59

60

62

64

66

68

69

70

71

74

77

81

83

85

86


advanced schools here in the country have trained thousands of senior
cadres. If we add to those the hundreds of students who have done
advanced study in the Eastern countries, in Cuba, and in China, we
quickly top the figure of 75,000 cadres. "During the academic year
of 1978-1979 alone, our higher institutions of learning made 1,500
cadres ready to serve the people, and 2,000 of them were agronomic
engineers," said Sekou Toure in October 1979 in a speech at Dakar
in the course of his official visit to Senegal.

The only industry that really kept running during the Guinean revo-
lution was unquestionably the cadre plant: the Polytechnic Insti-
tute in Conakry. It produced them in industrial quantities, but

also in high quality. That school delivered prestigious degrees

to a great many students, most ofthem Guineans. Even so, it is by

no means wnusual to hear those graduates complain of "too many gaps"
or of their concern "with getting recycled." As for the vocational
schools, they have their share of this mission: thousands of primary~
school teachers, highly trained technicians (in electricity, elec-
tronics, agriculture, etc.), healing-arts cadres, etc.

The hundreds of graduates fromthe Eastern countries, Cuba, and China
are complaining about their working conditions. They find that "out
of pride, graduates from the Guinean schools get all the top posts,
although they lack the necessary qualifications. And the local cadres
are particularly emphatic in their resentment of cadres who have
sounder backgrounds than their own."

Graduates of the Western universities, though, do not know which

group to identify with. On the one hand, they are told that Guinea
was not the country that sent them to study (they have stopped say—
ing that they are not Guineans), and, on the other, they are given

to understand that when it comes to education, "The Sorbonne, Har-
vard, or Dakar are no better than Patrice Lumumba (in the USSR), Sofia,
or Beijin." Those who talk like that change their tune when they

come back from a stint at the Western-style universities.

The problem facing General Conte and his government will be choosing
from among that elite the men for the job of "recovery," and encou-
raging the others to look to the private sector.

Defining a real policy for the private sector: that is, not holding
the advantages (especially salaries) of this sector down to those of
the State, so as to encourage young Guineans to look to the private
sector.

Guineans, however, complain of some behavior patterns among the for-
ces of law and order. The most trifling incident evokes a volley of
submachinegun fire. Are they too trigger-happy?. Are they never

ready to listen to explanations? Isn't the situation among the police
and armed forces ripe for reassessment? These are all issues of

real concern among citizens today.

39



«100
JPRS#SSA“85+ 10
17 October 1985

MALAWI

BRIEFS

DANISH, SOUTH AFRICAN AID--The Malawian Government has signed two separate
agreements totaling 3.7 million kwachi with the governments of Denmark and
South Africa. Under the agreements, Denmark is to provide approximately 2.6
million kwachi and South Africa will provide 1.1 million kwacha. Minister
of Finance Edward Bwanali signed both loan agreements on behalf of the
Malawian Government in Lilongwe. [Summary] [Blantyre Domestic Service in
English 1600 GMT 26 85 MB]

CSO: 3400/33

70


In the field of education and’culture, the district official complained about
the problem of students who finish the 4th.class and who each. year do not
have a chance of continuing their studiés,

This problem goes back many years, according to the official, and sprang
from two main factors, The first has to do with the lack of transportation
which would make it. possible to.get the students to class,

The other reason has to do with the lack of .coordination between the provincial
education and culture directorates in Sofala and the district delegation. The
former did not consult the latter on its needs and failed to include them in
provincial planning,

Ending Starvation

The economy department in Chibabava will not only provide agriculture and
ensure the sale of farm products and supplies for the people.

It also seeks to reorganize’ the existing fishing cooperatives and to establish
others where they do not exist, primarily in the areas of Revue and Toronga.

Our reporter learned from Nhica Fernando Languene, the economy secretary of
the district committee in Chibabava, that all ef the tasks included in the
1986 plan have the single objective of fighting against hunger.

The development of small projects, the preservation’ of cashew plantations,
and the planting of others in all tows in another task which the’ economy
department in Chibabava included in its territorial plan for next year.

In the preservation and planting of cashew trees, major responsibility was
assigned to the population who must not confine itself only to gather cashew
nuts, The people must also create conditions so that there will be an increase
in the output of this strategic product.

The economy plan called for the allocation of crop areas to the people who
were recently rescued from the armed bandits so that it might be possible,

in another phase, to start making the peasants aware of the situation so that
there will” be no uncontrolled burning.

In this connection, transport, according to Nhica Languene, the official in
charge, will be aimed essentially at shipping commercial products at the
district level,

Fight for Wellbeing of Rescued Persons

Resources are being mobilized in Chibabava to receive, organize, and provide
conditions of wellbeing for citizens. who’ are gradually being liberated’ from
the armed bandits in spite of the various difficulties currently encountered
there, this newspaper was told by Mourinho Domingos Luis, the.defense secretary
of the district committee’ in Chibabava.

79



365068

JPRS-SSA-85-100
“AT October 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report 3

REPRODUCED BY
NATIONAL L TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



JPRS+SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK TEACHERS’ LIVES INCREASINGLY ENDANGERED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Sep 85 p il

[Article by Susan Pleming, education reporter]

[Text]

‘The mounting unrest and increasing class boy-
cotts have made life difficult — and sometimes
dangerous — for teachers at black schools.

A teacher at a secondary school in Soweto, who
recently gained a high degree in education from a
university (we will call him “Mr Kaiser”), described
what is going on in black schools as “nerve-racking
and frustrating”.

“We don’t know whether we are coming or going.
The trouble has been going on for too long,” he
said.

Many of the teachers in Soweto are in fear of their
lives. On September 3 the homes of two teachers at
Madibane High School were attacked.

They were believed to be the first on a “hit list”
said to have been drawn up by pupils after some of
them had been punished at the school.

“It is sometimes life-threatening to be a teacher,”
said “Mr Kaiser”.

“If you are seen as working with the system, you
can have your house burnt, and if the police believe
you may be working with the children, then you risk
detention.”

ENORMOUS DILEMMA

‘Teachers do not know which way to turn. They
have to satisfy the demands of the pupils, parents,
the education authorities and the police — at the
same time. .

“Teachers are faced with an enormous dilemma.
If pupils feel teachers are not playing their game,
then the teachers’ lives are threatened. On the other
hand, the police often feel teachers influence the
pupils.

“Then, parents feel the teachers should be the sav-
iour of their children, while the authorities demand
that the teachers be loyal to them.”

Teachers have to make difficult decisions for their
pupils. For example, many teachers have recom-
mended that children should not wear uniforms or
carry books to school.

cso: 3400/22

“lat you tell them to wear uniforms, they will be

victimised by the children who are boycotting, and if
they do not wear uniforms they will be picked up
and arrested by the police, who will think they are
boycotting. We have told our children that wearing a
uniform is optional.”

Though upset and frustrated by what is going on
in the schools, “Mr Kaiser” said he would carry on
and do his best — and hope that one day the situa-
tion will return to normal.

DROPPING MORALE

After the 1976 riots, hundreds of teachers resigned
either because of pressure from the pupils or in
sympathy with what had happened to the pupils. “Mr
Kaiser” was one who resigned, but he said it was un-
likely the same situation would occur this year.

“To my knowledge, teachers are not resigning,” he
said. But though they are staying, morale is low.

“It is very demoralising when you go to school
and find there are no pupils — and know it will
be the same the next day.

“Jt is frustrating to have an empty classroom, but
you keep going back and hope the situation will nor-
malise.” :

There was no one solution to the problems in the
schools. “If we want to normalise education, then we
must create a society which is based on equality,”
emphasised “Mr Kaiser”. .

The pupils demands — such as democratically-
elected SRCs and an end to corporal punishment —
would have to be met, he said. There would also
have to be a large input of qualified and efficient
teachers. :

“Many people tell me that with my qualifications
I should leave the school. But I believe that my duty
Jies with solving the problems, not taking an escape
route to lecture at a university. That’ would solve
nothing.”

105


Zaire, which is coming out of a long period.of financial. crises and breaks with
the Fund, in 1983 and 1984 implemented a policy of stabilization and austerity
that is yielding encouraging results. On the whole, Kinshasa is meeting its
international commitments and, to a lesser extent, the "performance criteria"
imposed on it by the IMF. At the end of last year, for example, the budgetary
deficit amounted to some .5 percent of the gross national product, compared
with 3.8 percent in 1983 and 10.5 percent in 1984. The restrictive monetary
policy followed in 1984 (after the major devaluation of the zaire in 1983)
made it possible to limit growth of the monetary mass to 34 percent (compared
with doubling the previous year) and, after unification of the two markets:
one official and the other free, the rate of the zaire was stabilized compared
with the dollar, depreciating "only" 31 percent.

New Rescheduling

In addition, inflation has risen by some 18 percent!, compared with a little
over 100 percent in 1983. Essentially thanks’ to coffee, diamonds, oil and
cobalt, whose volume of sales and prices rose, export receipts increased

21 percent over 1983. But however encouraging they may be, these results did
not have a positive effect on the deficit in the balance of payments, due to
the burden of the foreign debt.

In 1984, Zaire paid $325 million back to its creditors. Its overall foreign
debt remains high, some $4.5 billion. On.24 April, Zaire obtained a standby
credit of 162 million special drawing rights from the IMF and committed it-
self to a second confirmation agreement until the end of April 1986. Finally,
at the Club of Paris meeting on 23 and 24 May, Zairian authorities obtained

a new rescheduling amounting to $350 million (total service on the debt in 1985
is on the order of $900 million).

France has also decided to "accompany" Zaire's efforts, by raising the amount
of its financial commitments from 429 million francs to nearly 500 million
in 1985. Zaire is, in addition, the only country in the world to which Paris
gives both loans from the Central Fund for Economic Cooperation (CCCE), direct
aid from the Cyclical Action Fund (FAC) and financial protocols from the
Treasury. The second supplier after Belgium, it nevertheless occupies a
mediocre position with respect to investments in the country, French invest-
ments amount to $10 million, compared with $800 million for Belgium, $200 mil-
lion for the United States and $60 million for the United Kingdom.

Disastrous Road System

Agriculture, which still occupies nearly 58 percent of the active population ©
(compared with only 3 percent of the territory devoted to agriculture), is
mainly the victim of the disastrous state of communications, especially in

the south. "If one wanted to connect all the regional capitals, at the

current rate of speed," jokes one expert, “one would have to invest $40 bil-
lion over a thousand year." Liberalization of farm prices has resulted in an
increase in production of nearly 40 percent, but a large part of that production

lin practice, increases in common consumer products have been much greater, -
ranging as high as 45 percent.

128


DJIBOUTI

Agricultural Development Program Detailed
(LA NATION, 15 Aug 85) ...ccccccsseesevssccetecsececees

Briefs
Italian Aid Reported
Lime Production Project Reported

ETHIOPIA

Comments on the Ethiopian Church by Cardinal Tzadua
(Paulos Tzadua Interview; NIGRIZIA, Jul 85) ...........

GHANA
Refugees To Be Settled at Sege
(Ayikwei Armah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 5 Sep 85) .....
Iran Donates Medical Items
(Priscilla Takyi-Appiah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 9 Sep 85)
Letter Discusses Plight of Teachers in Libya
(K. S. Owusu Appiah; TALKING DRUMS, 9 Sep 85) .....eeae
Consultants Order Dismissals in Cocoa Board
(Poku Adaa; TALKING DRUMS, 9 Sep 85) ......cecceeseeese
GUINEA
President Conte's Difficulties Outlined
(Sory Balde; AFRIQUE NOUVELLE, 11-17 Sep 85) ....eeeeee
LIBERIA

Alien Interference in Elections Feared
(Various sources, various dates) ....ccccccceccceceecee

Precautions Against Alien Influx, by J. N. Elliot
Two Aliens Arrested, by J. Gortor Kiazoly
Immigration Wants Voter Screening

Doe Assures DPRK Envoy of Non-Aligned Position
(NEW LIBERIAN, 3 Sep 85) Peder e creer eee eer cere eeee

New UN Ambassador Commissioned
(NEW LIBERIAN, 5 Sep 85)°........00

NDPL Releases Party Platform
(FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 20 Sep 85) .c.ececcucecccccvceececes

South Korea Assists Needy Students
(NEW LIBERIAN, 5 Sep 85) .iccecececcecccacceecceuceucce

=-b-

23

25

25

27

30

32

34

36

43

43
4h
45

47

49

50

58


JPRS*SSA“85=100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE URGED TO STAY AWAY FROM POLITICAL FUNERALS
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 20 Sep 85 p 4
[Commentary]

[Text]

HE violence and death at

I funerals are part of a grim

and senseless merry-go-round
that must stop.

The SOWETAN and other news-
papers yesterday reported that
youths and some policemen were in-
jured when violence broke out after.
the funeral of four-year-old Mita
Ngobeni, who was alleged to have
been killed by the police ten days ago.

It is almost a set piece: a victim of .

the unrest currently gripping the
country gets killed. When he is to be
buried, the local magistrate imposes
restrictions on the funeral. The peo-
ple believe the restrictions are unfair
and they, of course, ignore them.
The police feel it is their duty to en-
force the law. Violence and death at
the funeral. Then we are back where
we started: a victim of the unrest . . .

It appears that the authorities
want to break this spiral of violence
— it would be a sad day for South
Africa if they did not want to — and

that is why they impose the restric-.

tions. They believe that funerals are
used as political rallies, but more
than that, that mourners are incited
to further violence at these services.
The restrictions on what happens
at the funerals were introduced
‘some time ago, so it should be clear
by now to everybody, even the

“blind, that this method does not
work,

‘This week we had the sad demon-
stration of this at Mita’s funeral.

We should be looking at: other
ways of breaking the spiral.

When we look back at some of the

} recent “political” funerals and sift
information carefully we will notice.
that where the police kept their dis-
tance, we had peace.

:_ The funeral of trade unionist An-
dries Raditsela, who died shortly
after his release from police deten-
tion, springs immediately to mind.
Thousands, but thousands, were at
the Tsakane, Brakpan, service. The
police did not interfere right up to
the time the crowd dispersed. And it
went off very peacefully.

‘There have been many other such
funerals. News editors who have
sent out teams, anticipating trouble
at those funerals, will tell you how’
many times they have been proved
wrong by funerals ending in peace
and dignity.

Any restrictions on a people who
already feel discriminated against
and oppressed, simply adds one
‘more grievance. And if the restric-
tion can be broken with ease — why
not.

' In any case, what is wrong with

; funerals being used as political ral-

1. lies? The people have to have their

106


JPRS*SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

ETHIOPIA

COMMENTS ON THE ETHIOPIAN CHURCH BY CARDINAL TZADUA
Verona NIGRIZIA in Italian Jul 5 p 56

[Interview with Paulos Tzadua,.Archbishop of Addis Ababa, member of a
church faced with serious problems, on the occasion of his election to
the office of cardinal, by Carmine Curci, in Rome: "Red on Red"; date

unknown/

([Question/ What is the significance of your election to cardinal, since
you are the first member of the Ethiopian church to hold this office?

‘/Bnswer/ This election, first of all,mmakes us believe in the growth of
the Catholic Church in Ethiopia. For our church this is an incentive to
go forward, although we are faced with problems.

[Question/ What kind of relations do you have with the Orthodox Church?

/Answer/ The Orthodox Church enjoyed a state of constitutional privilege
in the old regime. It was recognized as the state religion. The Catholic
Church, like other religions, was kept rather at a distance, it was
tolerated. After the revolution a radical change took place. The attitude
of the new regime was to make all religions equal. This was a tough blow
for the Orthodox Church, because it suddenly found itself divested of
everything.

On a personal level we have a very good rapport with the members of the
Orthodox Church. The patriarch himself always behaved as a good friend.
What seems befuddling, however, is the difficulty that we encounter in
establishing an official dialogue between the two churches. I detect

a certain lack of openness on the part of the Orthodox Church. More than
once we invited the members of the Orthodox Church to a dialogue concerning
not the topics that we disagree upon, such as Christology, but on the
doctrine of the Sacraments: for instance, marraige between Catholics and
members of the Orthodox Church. We are ready to accept it, whereas they
raise a lot of problems. Maybe the time is not yet ripe for a truly
ecumenical dialogue.

27


JPRS*SSA+85+100
17 October 1985

GRAVE EFFECTS PREDICTED DUE TO SOUTH AFRICA'S ECONOMIC CRISIS
1

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Sep 85 p 4

[Text] WINDHOEK. ~ — ;

CSO:

Tighter economic sanc- - +
tions and the growing |
disinvestment threat
against South Africa *
amid the economic cri-
sis are expected to.,
have grave effects on’
South West Africa.

The poor value of the |
rand against the US dollar
has pushed up the territo- ’
ry’s annual capital re-.,
demption and _ interest’
servicing of foreign loans |
by R28,7- million to
R227,6-million, according
to official estimates.

‘The SA Reserve Bank
Governor, Dr Gerhard de
Kock, has found access to :
foreign capital markets *
more restrictive for South |
Africa, and SWA is cer-

: tain to feel the squeeze.

“When South Africa}
hiccups, we thrown up,” a {

; Windhoek * newspaper i
stated in a recent editorial
‘on the territory's econ-*

i

} omy.

i Not only is direct bud-

» get aid from the Republic

expected to be sharply!
curtailed, but SWA may

soon find itself unable to,!
obtain foreign toans for

development, its loans '
being underwritten by
Pretoria. he SWA;
~ This 7,

‘central devernment bud |
(geted Ri 189 million to

\oover expenditure for the

‘present year.

3400/15

YT To this amount, South |
Africa directly contrib-}

uted R335-million, while

ca further R250-million
!was channelled to the’
1 SWA treasury in terms of
‘the Southern African
‘Customs Union Agree-
ment. : . H
+ In total, the territory
generated R743/826-mil-:
‘Hion- of: its own revenue,‘
jincluding the R250-mil-"
lion from the CUA. ‘
* A deficit of R146,6-mil-‘
Hion had to be financed:
jfrom public loans and,
toverdrafts, which never-)
{theless represented a re-
' duction of R42,2-million{
compared to the previous
year. .
© “This loan amount is.
“still too high for SWA’s
jcircumstances, and efforts
»will have to be made in.
ifuture to reduce it still,
|further,” said the finance,
‘minister in the transition-:
-al government, Mr Dirk
“Mudge, in his July budget:
ran reece

ispeech. 3
Last week, he indicated '

that ‘SWA had over the
years borrowed

ter.
“Uncontrolled borrow-
ing could land this coun-

meeting of the Chamber
of Commerce and Indus-

hw,

: . “We have almost

1” reached that stage and we

+ will have to discipline
ourselves,” he added.

86

: itself.
+ close to the brink of disas-

try in serious trouble,” he -
told business leaders at a:

SWA would have to be-

. come increasingly self-

sufficient for develop-

. ment capital if it was to

offset the effects of the
expected marked | slow-
down in the flow of for-
eign funds to the territo-

ty.

But Mr Mudge dis-
counted the possibility of
tax increases for business
concerns as a way to raise

tal.
“We cannot kill the

_ Source of our tax revenue.

Private enterprise should
stay in business,” he said.

The authorities were
investigating the possibili-
ty of setting up a develop-
ment bank or fund to use
internally available finan-

: cial reserves and savings

from the private and pub-
lic sectors to finance gov-
ernment and industrial
development.

One such suggested
source was the adminis-
tration for Whites, which
had an estimated financial
surplus of R175-million.

However, too much
money was still leaving

, SWA, Mr Mudge said.

This money “could be
used for the development
of this country,”
added.

Discussing future econ-

* omic policy, he indicated

hard times ahead, includ-
ing the possible reducing
‘or scrapping of govern-

. ment housing subsidies.

— Sapa.

NAMIBIA


JPRS*SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

WATER SUPPLY PROJECT FOR GAZA RURAL AREAS EXPANDED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Sep 85 p 10

[Text] An emergency project, financed by UNICEF for the
supply of water to the rural areas in the province of
Gaza, is being carried out in the district of Chibuto,
This project, which in‘the initial phase will cover a
total of 12 communal villages in that district, with an
estimated population of 95,000, includes the construction
of 30 wells in its plan for the 1985-1986 2-year term,

According to Constantino Machatine, the chief of the support and extension
department, provincial directorate of construction and water supply of Gaza,
who talked to our reporter recently, UNICEF has already made available to that
directorate, for use in this project, some equipment which included a concrete
mixer, rubber hoses for motor pumps to clean out the wells during construction,
as well as two. vehicles, a light vehicle and a heavy one, for material trans—
portation.

Constantino Machatine also said that the emergency project destined for the
district of Chibuto included the priority rural communities of Wahamuza, 25
June, Samora Machel, Eduardo Mondjane, Muxuquente, Chipadja,.Ngungunyane, 1
June Muxaxane, Acordos de Lusaka, Chibabel, and Coca-Missava. On the other
hand, the water supply program for the rural areas of Gaza will call for the
assembly and installation of hand pumps in-the districts of Xai-Xai, Bilene,
and Chokwe, The pumps were donated by India and Holland.

Sector's Outlook

In addition to the implementation of the emergency programs, the water supply
sector for the rural areas of the province of Gaza has another plan for the
construction of wells and drillholes to tap underground water in the district
where the water shortage is most.severe, This involves the district of Massingir,
Chicualacuala, Manjacaze, Guija, Bilene, and Xai-Xai; a total of 20 wells will

be opened.

This plan, which has been in existence since the beginning of this-year, covers
the villages of Chicualacuala "A", Chimangue, Mavoze, 3rd Congress, Manhica,
Zulu, Chitar, Dindiza, Chongoene, and Chicumbane; a decision is still pending
on another six localities.

81



JPRS*SSA*85~100
17 October 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

MILITARY SPORTS LIAISON MEETS FOR 15TH SESSION
Bamako L'ESSOR in French 10-11 Aug 85 p 6
[article by B. KONATE: "Getting the Office Back Into Shape"]

[Text] For the 15th session of the West African Liaison Office (OLAO) of the

International Military Sports Council (CISM), they finally substituted an
informal get-together (lacking a quorum) at Bamako on 5 and 6 August 1985,
attended by delegates from Ivory Coast, Mali, and Senegal. That means that of
the 13 OLAO member states delegates from only three bothered to make the trip
to Bamako.

This very low turnout, which everybody deplored, nevertheless had no untoward
effect on the interest evoked by the debates, thereby demonstrating the
delegates' concern with revitalizing an agency whose noble objective is to
create and maintain, through sports, a spirit of amity and brotherhood among
the armies.

The original agenda was used as an outline for the session, which was chaired
by Ivory Coast's Capt Kouassi, OLAO's general secretary. In the course of the
various addresses, information was forthcoming as to the activities the
Organization had decided to undertake at its 14th session in Dakar (Senegal)
in September of 1984, including the area of training sports cadres and
expanding the Office to include certain countries in the Sub-region, such as
Liberia and Cape Verde. In view of the difficulties facing the OLAO, a number
of those activities had to be abandoned.

Among those obstacles we must cite the lack of interest on the part of several
member countries in the work of our sessions as well as in the competitions.
For example, in 1984, every one of the sports meets was canceled. If you add
to all that the penurious state of the treasury (non-payment of dues), it is
easy to understand why the OLAO has lost some of its steam.

Accordingly, in order to cope with these gaps, the participants in the Bamako
meeting, albeit a minority, felt it their duty to seek out ways and means that
might give the Organization a new lease on life. Their determination
materialized in the form of documents that may well prove useful as starting-
points at the next session, scheduled for Togo in July 1986. They also
considered the idea of sending out consciousness-raising missions to shake



The National Democratic
Party of Liberia holds
that government, and
those entrusted with go-

vernment, should set a.

high example of honesty,
of justice, and unselfish
devotion to public good;
that they should | labor
to maintain tranquility
at home and peace and
friendship with all the
nations of the world,

Philosophy

Embedded in its beliefs

and aspirations is the
dogma of the National De-
mocratic Party of Liberia
that a euphoric society
is that which is governed
by fair and indiscrimi-
' nate laws. Any adminis-
tration that departs from
this principle is doomed

to create a national fai-

lure.

Policies

Committed to its philo-.

sophy as stated above,
and determined to work
honestly and fearlessly
in the interest of all
the citizens of the Re-
public of Liberia as well
as our foreign friends
within our borders, the
National Democratic Party
of Liberia, assembled at
its first National Con-
vention in this ‘hospi-
table city of Virginia,
Montserrado County, re-
affirms its commitment
to the nation and the
world to -pursue and im-
plement upon election’ to
office, the following po-
licies of national re-
construction to create

a new social and econo-
mic order and good-will
to all in a country to
be ruled by law, not man,

The Constitution

As we move from Mili-
tary to Democratic Civi-
lian Rule, our new con-
stitution is the first

made and framed by Li- .

berians, and drawn from
the entire cultural and
regional spectrum of our
nation, It is both a le-
gal and pragmatic docu-
ment, possessing the re-
finement and sanction -of
the citizenry of our na-
tion,

The National Democratic
Party of Liberia is com-
mitted to that document
and will protect and da-
fend it and will ‘ensure
that all the rights, pri-
vileges, obligations, and
responsibilities con-
tained therein are res-
pected and upheld,

The citizens have the
right to expect fair
treatment from their go-
vernment, The National

Democratic Party of :Li-.

beria will act more ef-
tectively and efficiently
sin areas of human needs,

Under the framework of
the Organization of Afri-.
can Unity, we shall pur-
sue political and diplo-
matic cooperation, eco-
' nomic, -health,, sanita-
tional, nutritional,
scientific and technical
cooperations as well as
other forms of coopera-
tion for the betterment
of the people of Liberia.

51

We shall unreservedly
adhere to the principles
enshrined ‘in the Charters
of the United Nations,
the Organization of Afri-
can Unity, the Economic
Community of West African
States, the Non-Aligned
National Movement and the
Mano River Union and the
elimination of aparthied
from South Africa.

The National Democratic
Party of Liberia solemnly
pledges to pursue these
cardinal principles in
Foreign Policies.

National Unity

As the full impact of
the event of April 12,
1980 unfolds, the Na-
tional Democratic Party
of Liberia resolutely
commits itself to
national reconstruction,
reconciliation and  na-
tional unity, The Party
believes that the col-
lectivé efforts and good-
will of our people can
stimulate economic growth
and accelerate national
development,

In pursuance of this
policy the Party will en-
courage participation in
government, as well as
in private sector so that
all its citizens may be
prepared to contribute
to our nation building
meaningfully,



JPRS*SSA“85+100
17 October 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

PRINCIPAL STAFF OFFICER APPOINTED--A new principal general staff officer has
been appointed at the General Staff Headquarters, Dodan Barracks. He is
Navy Captain Suleiman Saidu, who, until his appointment, was the deputy
director, state administration, in the defunct Supreme Headquarters. Captain
Saidu replaces Lt Col Dokun Gbadebo who has been retired. [Text] [Lagos
Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 26 Sep 85 AB] :

cso: 3400/30

93



knowledge or truth; consequently, we do not want to impose our experience on
other countries, even if it were desirable. We think that democracy is some-
thing living and that it should evolve interdependently with the historical,
cultural, geographical and environmental facts. Each country, in my opinion,
should find the type of democracy that will be desirable for that country, and
it is for the people of that country to make the suitable choice."

Invited to give his viewpoint on the Senegalese system, Bundhun at first in-
sisted on stating that a difference in constitutions existed, "in Mauritius we
have a parliamentary regime, while in Senegal there is a presidential regime."
Nevertheless, he added, the two countries were linked by many similarities,
above all by multiparty thought and respect for the constitution.

Democracy's future in Africa?--The Mauritian Socialist Movement maintains that
democracy is the best system of government for a people; but we cannot impose
it in a country, for that would be undemocratic. "I believe," our speaker in-
dicated, "that democracy will gain ground in Africa."

Recalling history, Dr Bundhun, who said he had been moved at the time of his
visit to Goree, revealed that the first contingent of Negro slaves coming from
the island of Goree in 1536, made up basically of 108 Senegalese, set out for
Mauritius. "That is to say," he added, "that relations between Senegal and my
country are privileged ones: not only from government to government, but from
people to people. Which means that Senegalese culture is in the process of
greatly enriching Mauritian culture." "And I hope that our relations are going
to be expanded in the field of trade, project exchanges and tourism."

With regard to the island of Diego Garcia, occupied by the United States of
America, the minister said that his country considered that the Indian Ocean
should be a zone of peace and stated that he was not against the Americans, but
logic demanded that the island should be restored to the Mauritians.

Moreover, during his stay in our country, Bundhun had contacts with the
Senegalese authorities, particularly President Abdou Diouf, secretary general
of the Socialist Party, with whom he discussed bilateral Senegalese-Mauritian
problems. In this connection, he disclosed that President Diouf was very
satisfied, and both had decided to establish party-to-party relations between
the PS and the MSM.

Questioned on Africa's economic situation, he replied that if African countries
could cooperate without foreign influences, they would find adequate solutions
to these difficulties, for Africa has great potential. "With modern tech-
nology and with the help of honest financial institutions," our speaker main-
tained, "we can always find solutions to problems such as the drought and
desertification, for what is involved is seeking methods to fight without pro-
voking ecological and climatic upheavals."

The OAU also held the attention of Dr Bundhun, who suggested that each member

country work for the organization, a proceeding that would institute a common
policy that would overflow on to international solidarity.

72


went to Nigeria to look for greener
pastures, the same thing will definitely
happen to the PNDC-GES sponsored
teachers in Libya.

The PNDC regime and the GES
should do all they can to protect
Ghanaian teachers on secondment in
Libya so that all their toil and sweat on
the desert would not be in vain.

cso: 3400/31

33


JPRS#SSA+85+100
17 October 1985

He also warned the general public to refrain from aiding aliens in falsify-
ing Liberian citizenship and obtaining voters' registration cards. Such
attitude on the part of any Liberian, he added, is,not only unjust, but also
unpatriotic.

Commissioner Taye has therefore urged all officers of the Immigration Bureau
around the country to step up the security network and be more vigilant in
tracking down all aliens who are in possession of the Liberian voters’
registration cards.

He said the fact that two aliens have been arrested with the voter registra-
tion cards, gives the clue that there are many more who are in possession of
such cards, and need to be arrested before the general elections on

October 15.

Immigration Wants Voter Screening
Monrovia NEW LIBERATION in English 20 Sep 85 pp 1, 6
[Article by Sam H, Johnson]

[Text] The Immigration Bureau is proposing that one of its officers be
assigned at each polling station during the October 15 elections to verify
the nationality of those voting.

The recommendation was made by Commissioner Edward J. Taye at a press con-
ference yesterday during which he disclosed the arrest recently of two
alleged aliens--one of whom is alleged to be a Unity Party supporter for
falsifying Liberian citizenship and being in the possession of voter regis-
tration cards.

This discovery has led Immigration authorities to conclude that there might
be many other aliens possessing voter registration cards.

Commissioner Taye explained that the positioning of immigration officers at
the polling stations is one of the means by which foreigners could be
deferred from partaking in the elections.

He however said this was a decision that has to meet the approval of the
Special Election Commission.

_In the meantime, Commissioner Taye said he was dispatching additional men to
Lofa County, where the two accused were apprehended, to institute a screening
exercise of aliens in the areas.

Asked why his bureau did not work along with SECOM during the initial regis-

tration of voters, Commissioner Taye said it was not foreseen that aliens
would attempt to gain voter registration cards.

45



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT PRIVATIZATION PLAN ANNOUNCED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Sep 85 p 5

[Text] The Government is about to launch a programme of privatising some
State departments and parastatals, the State President, Mr PW Botha,
announced yesterday at the congress.

He said the Government did not regard privatisation as an end to ifself
but as a means to "a sound and balanced relationship between private
entrepreneurship and State administration."

With the privatisation programme the activities of State Departments
would be reviewed in depth.

Activities which could possibly be managed as well, or even better, by
the private sector will be privatised."

@ firstly, as in any other institution, the permanent ideal was a smaller
but more effective personnel corps;

@ secondly, officials could only be paid fittingly if their numbers were
limited to the minimum;

@ thirdly, for economical reasons it was essential to control Government
spending in a disciplined manner and;

@ fourthly, the extension of the private sector could broaden the income
tax base of the country, thus generating additional income to finance the
essential programmes to be carried out by the State.

Mr Botha said the Commission for Administration had already undertaken
an in-depth study of the matter and its findings were supported by recent
studies in England and West Germany.

"The privatisation action will be launched by the State President's
Committee on National Priorities. Institutions such as the Economic

- Advisory Council, the Central Economic Advisory service and the Competition
Board will also be involved," he said. --Sapa.

114


NDPL RELEASES PARTY PLATFORM

Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 20 Sep 85 pp 6-8

[Advertisement]

(Text ]

We, the partisans ot |

the National Democratic
Party of Liberia, are
witnesses to the birth

of a new Political Or- —

der.

In the rhythm of our '

national life, the emer-
gence of the. National
Democratic. Party of Li-
beria is marked by a re-
newal of vibrancy and a
resurgence of hope,

Our country has sensed
that an important page

of Liberian History has’

been turned because of
our Historic Revolution
of April 12, 1980, Our

people now have a clean
sheet on which to write

@ new political, econo-
mic, and social order,
to move forward in soli-

darity and to evolve’
common goals,
The Liberian ° people

have turned away = from
thé memories of their
painful past decades of
inequality and in-
justices, of non-indige-
nous minority rule, of

accepting the gap be-
tween pious promises and
poor performance, and
now nourish the hope and
conviction that our new

leadership, making a
fresh and confident
start, will find thera-

peutics for the nation's

ills which eluded its

predecessors,
Our people, the vo-~
ters, and our young of

non-voting age, expect
and are entitled to re-
ceive new diagnosis of
our nation's ills, new
strategies for economic
growth and development
and new and bold initia-
tives, . The Standard
Bearer of NDPL, the lea-
der of the Revolution on

“April 12, 1980 conceived
| 811 of these and he is

the best man to imple-
ment them.

“ This is the time when
a full measure of faith
is rekindled; a time
when ‘the political skies
show a broad sand
resplendant faith of

50

JPRS#SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

LIBERIA

“good-will; when there is
optimism of impending
vigor and decisive lea-
dership of governmental
action,

The National Democra-
tic Party of Liberia
shall contribute towards
making the transition
from Military to Civi-
lian Rule . in peace,
tranquility, and concord,
and upon election shall
construct workable Na-
tional Polikies and pro-
gress charatterized by.
fair play, honesty, ob-

isst ivity, and accounte-
lity.

With the National De-
mocratic Party .of Libe-
ria, a glorious future
awaits all Liberians.

It is a future designed
for the full participa-
tion of all its citizens-
from the cities to the ©
remotest villages, This
future, the vision of the
National Democratic Party
of ‘Liberia, is totally
‘committed to economic
growth, individual end
collective prosperity,
freedom, justice, and
unity,


he minister noted that there had been different levels of success in
co-operative enterprises throughout the country. Those which had basic
resources in terms of education, finance and management had proved very
successful.

At the moment there were about 1600 registered co-operatives and over 8000
unregistered pre-co-operative groups throughout the country.

cso: 3400/8

135



The two accused presented to the press yesterday are, a Sierra Leonean, Vandy
Tarawalli, who was in possession of voter registration card No 0040030241
and Solemane Jornoy, a retired Guinean army personnel who was possessing
cared No 0060010390.

According [to] Commissioner Taye, the alleged Sierra Leonean was identified
as being one of several partisans of the Unity Party (UP) detained recently
in Lofa and whose names were sent to SECOM as UP members.

The Immigration boss displayed a Sierra Leonean voting card and travelling
document bearing Tarawalli name who is identified on the Liberian voting card
as Tata Varley.

The accused's photograph was on the travelling document which carried the
marking; "Republic of Sierra Leone."

Tarawalli was arrested during a routine check at an immigration post near
Voinjama and when the card was found on him, claimed it was given him by an
individual whom he did not know to vote for UP, Commissioner Taye said.

In the case of the alleged Guinean. The Commissioner exhibited to the press
the Guinean army identification card of Solemane Jornoy, which showed that

he was borned [born] in Manasea, Guinea in 1931 and enlisted in that country's
army in 1951.

According to Commissioner Taye, Jornoy who was named on the voting card as
Solemane Kamara, said the card was given to him by a town chief in Lofa County
after paying $10,000 for it.

Both men however maintained before the press that they were Liberians.

Jornoy admitted being in the Guinean army, whereas Tarawalli said he was in
Serra Leone for a "long time to cure his leprosy".

CSO: 3400/64

46


The fundamental objective of the bandits.in committing the.most: inhuman
atrocities against the defenseless. population was explained’ in.all resi-
dential areas where the teams were,

During these meetings, the people were briefed to the effect that the
"madjibas" are a complement of the terrorist actions of the bandits, But
the military offensive of our forces in the fight to wipe out armed banditry
was emphasized.

Before these meetings with the local population, preparatory meetings were
held at the CETEMA [expansion unknown] Club which were directed by Paulino
Salmone, the Marromeu district administrator.

The meeting was attended by party members and government officials at the
district level in addition to the secretaries of the residential sections
and the democratic mass organizations. At this meeting, Paulino Salmone
presented the guidelines for the work of the teams.

After talking about the importance of this effort, he said that "The present
phase requires an energic fight against any tendency toward a relaxation
of vigilance and fighting spirit."

More than 1,000 Workers Attend People's Meeting

Parallel to this, an identical meeting was held on 17 August at "Sena Sugar
Estates" which was attended by more than 1,000 [as publishe”] workers at
this sugar refinery.

The meeting was chaired by Jose Paulo N'Tchumali, member of the Central
Committee of the FRELIMO Party and general manager of "SSE" [Sena Sugar
Estates] who was accompanied by the first district secretary.

During this meeting--which was convened on the occasion of the ceremonies
marking 10 August, the date the enterprise was taken over by the state, the
high party and government official who spoke for 2 hours stressed the current
military situation in the area and the way in which the workers must fight
against armed banditry.

After finishing his address, Jose Paulo N'Tchumali invited the young people
to a debate on the topic "Armed Banditry in Mozambique,"

The invitation was accepted, On the following day, Sunday, the issue was
debated by the young people who filled the auditorium of the CETAMA Club
for approximately 10. hours.

More than 30 Houses for "Sena Sugar"

The Sena Sugar Estates enterprise in Marromeu this year plans to start work
on the construction of 30 prefabricated houses for its workers, ~

75



JPRS*SSA+85+100
17 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

MECHANICS FOR MECANAGRO--The personnel force employed in providing technical
assistance for agricultural equipment at the MECANAGRO [expansion unknown]
enterprise was boosted as a result of the training of more than nine mechanics
during a course that ended last Saturday in the city of Maputo. The course
was the first of its kind and, in the opinion of its promoters, attained its
objectives, The training of mechanics began in September of last year at the
MECANAGRO training center in the area of Matola. During that period of time,
the trainees were taught Portuguese and mathematics and they also increased
their knowledge in their own special field, in other words, mechanics as
relating to farm machinery, Center director Isaac Lissenga told us that the
recently trained mechanics graduated as 2nd level mechanics and are now able
to take apart and assemble a "Fiat" engine in addition to other work connected
with engines, During the closing ceremony, which took place Saturday morning
at the facilities of the above-mentioned center, Regendra de Sousa, the general
manager of the MECANAGRO Enterprise, who presided over the ceremony, addressed
the new mechanics and said that "You learned not only how to tighten screws
real good but, more than that, you received training that will enable you to
work in a workshop, You learned the importance of working in a clean place
and the need for conserving work material, Your training is the result of

the efforts which MECANAGRO is making to have a personnel force with minimum
qualifications," [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Sep 85 p 2] 5058

CSO: 3442/404

85


At the police stations, even though the slogan "correction before
explanations," has disappeared from the walls, it is standard
practice, just the same. First of all, rough up the customer:

there will be time for explanations later on. There are many instan-
ces in which the police have been forced to beg pardon of their un-
fortunate victims.

Truckers in general and even smugglers are shaken down day and
night, "even when we have all our papers in order," says one of
them. "Besides," he adds, "one day, when the highway patrolman
had made sure that I had all the peopers I needed, his only option
was to ask me for my parking permit. That was the first time I
heard anybody mention such a paper. I got the message that he wan-
ted some money, so I took pity on him and offered him 100 sylis
or so."

Like Old Times

When you see a thief bound hand and foot, you can't help feeling
sorry for him: his elbows are tied together and his ribs are
clearly visible. This is the antithesis of a system with any claim
to respect for human rights. It is hardly surprising, though, that
such practices: are still standard operating procedure in Guinea.

It is quite some time since training in citizenship gave way to
ideological indoctrination. Everything was done for and in the
name of the State. Nobody gave much thought to whether the coun-
try derived any benefit from it.

Similarly, there have going to have to be some reductions in force
in the administration, as well as in the armed forces: there must
be some cutbacks, and order must be restored. It is not so long
ago that a corporal in the Party activities committee was giving
orders to captains or colonels. And recently, at the People's Pa-
lace, during a "people's" meeting, a particularly exercized soldier
publicly dressed :down a warrant officer who was trying to call him
to order. The people witnessing the scene applauded the soldier.

Binding Up the Wounds

If General Conte succeeds in resolving the controversy between
civilians and the military, he will still find another equally
disquieting issue on his desk: the scourge of tribalism. Under
Sekou Toure, the problem was there, but nobody could or dared
call attention to it. Diarra Traore spread it out in broad day-
light last 4th of July. While it is true that we can rule out an
ethnic conflict for the time being, the fact remains that it is
high time it were stamped out for good.

For the moment, the conflict is visible only between big-wigs in

the Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG) (most of them Malinkes) and
the rest of the population. However, since the president and his

40


clinics and schools. It often pays the teachers who, when they are paid,
receive their wages several months late. In the bush, the women also know that
nuns can also become midwives if the situation demands it and that the mis—
sionaries have many more books and notebooks than the teacher or the local
representative of the MPR...

These de facto interventionism in social life gives rise to inevitable rival-
ries and conflicts with local civilian and military authorities. Church repre-
sentatives try, in fact, to oppose the military's extortion against peasants,
whether it be a case of brutality, the tribute that the army tries to levy

or the misappropriation of aid, national or international. This military
violence is practically "institutionalized" throughout the country.

Sister X, who lives in Lubumbashi, narrates her experience: "Since the people
barricade themselves, the soldiers make holes in the walls of the houses to
get in and loot. They are generally sent by their officers, to whom they must
turn over part of the booty. Once, the residents of the district went out
into the street and began to shout as the soldiers approached. Surprised

and without weapons, they left."

The Church is therefore respected, both because of its power, integrity and
also, as gaily noted by one provincial political leader, because, outside of
the Catholic Church, "there are many lucrative little churches" (nearly 300
sects are represented in Zaire).

Since the visit of Pope John Paul II in May 1980, relations between the clergy
and Zairian authorities have improved. Furthermore, President Mobutu knows
that while he can tame part of the Catholic hierarchy, he can do nothing
against its influence and that the Church makes up for the government's inade-
quacies. In addition, although backed by nearly 15 million faithful, the
Zairian Church has no "fighting" tradition like the South American Church.

It is therefore not potentially dangerous to the government, which for its
part can no longer allow its image to deteriorate on the international level
by practicing wide-scale repression.

Marshal Mobutu is in fact engaged in a close game, with the International Mone-
tary Fund as his main partner. By following the instructions of the IMF to

the letter, Zaire has undeniably regained some of its foreign credibility, but
is the persistence of austerity compatible with this "7-year reign of social
welfare" promised by the Guide?

[6 Jul 85 p 4]

[Text] Led by the iron -hand of President Mobutu, loyal ally
of the West, Zaire is far from being able to feed all'of its
people, who are forced into all kinds of trading in order to
survive (LE MONDE, 4, 5 July). And yet, Mobutu is engaged in ©
a close game with the IMF.

III. IMF's Good Pupil?

Kipushi--Here the water runs right from the ceiling of the gallery, where one
wades in water up to the calf. Water steams from the walls, alternating

126


JPRS*SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RIGHTISTS WANT EQUAL REPRESENTATION IN SABC PROGRAMMING
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 21 Aug 85 p 7
[Article: "Cultural Task of the SABC"]

[Text] We must honestly admit that Mr Riaan Eksteen, director general of
the SABC [South African Broadcasting Organization] has made a reasonably
forthright and at times even impressive showing on the cultural responsiblity
of the SABC.

We agree entirely with Mr Eksteen's way of thinking. No one should insult
anyone else, no population group should get too close to any other, no nation
should make accusations against another except on the basis of facts.

Mr Eksteen should know, and we say this categorically, that our attitude to
the SABC is in no way sinister and involves no dark purposes. Mr Eksteen
must understand, and research confirms that fact, that the chances the present
government being reelected grow narrower every day. This means that at least
half of all white South Africans sympathize strongly with the political right
wing.

By implication this should also mean that about half of the personnel of the
SABC are conservative, even if they are unable to express their opinion. For
example, we know quite a number of SABC men and women who actively support
the rightist parties and nevertheless turn out propaganda for the present
policy goals.

We are still very dissatisfied with the one-sided sociopolitical and economic
reporting. This dissatisfaction is felt by the great majority of the supporters
of the rightist parties and in many cases gives way to irritation at the way
the medium of television communication is misused.

It looks as though Mr Eksteen sees cultural responsibility as applicable
only in terms of NP [National Party] policy and that cultural responsibility
is not at all applicable to his conservative viewers and listeners.

We would like to give Mr Eksteen the opportunity to think through his cul-
tural responsibility thoroughly before we return to this subject.

110


JPRS+SSA+85~100
17 October 1985

ZAIRE

MOBUTU SEEKS TO RECONCILE AUSTERITY WITH SOCIAL NEEDS

Paris LE MONDE in French 4, 5, 6 Jul 85

[Article by Laurent Zecchini: "Zaire in Search of Respectability"]
[4 Jul 85 pp 1, 5]

[Text] I. The Mobutu System

Kinshasa--"We have always been in the Western camp and paradoxically enough,
it is always the Western countries that attack us. One would say that they do
not want Zaire to be a real power! The most reliable ally of the Western camp
is dragged through the mud. They are trying to reduce it to impotence, anar-
chy, simply because it demands its right to be different. We simply want to
be ourselves...." Sitting in the garden of his home, a white house in the
Kinshasa heights, lst State Commissioner Kengo Wa Dondo becomes animated.
Enjoying a hearty breakfast with his close aides, the prime minister, nick-
named "Citizen Strictness" in Kinshasa, willingly answers questions, softly
adding: "That won't prevent us from being your ally."

And what if Kengo Wa Dondo were not completely wrong? It is Sunday, the
Boulevard du 30 Juin is empty. The previous evening, there was an unusual
sight: the men -- and women -- of the BSP (Special Presidential Brigade) ,
impeccably turned out in their fatigues, weilding brooms and shovels, their
M16's slung over their shoulders. Saturday is the day of Salongo: compulsory
work details, from 1400 to 1730 hours, in order to make up for the lack of
road workers and street sweepers and serve "the revolution." The Boulevard
du 30 Juin is the Western showcase of this African metropolis of nearly 3 mil-
lion inhabitants that seems so industrious. When, leaving Brazzaville, one
crowds onto one of the strange steamers that cross the river strewn with
shole beds of water hyacinths, the city, whose buildings emerging from the
shimmering haze, makes one think of Hong Kong. After the half-hour crossing
and once one reaches the Zairian shore, the illusion is quickly dissipated.
But quickly also, one can see to what extent this city and this country are
the victims of an undeserved reputation, in any case, one that no longer com-
pletely corresponds to reality. As far as human rights are concerned, Zaire
is not exemplary of the good, but not of the bad either.

1A relative judgment: Amnesty International periodically finds numerous cases
of political imprisonment and torture in Zaire, in fact.

119


Another day, on the road leading to the airport, where the load of a big cargo
plane is laid out, a crate falls from the baggage compartment and comes open,
setting off a pushing and shoving match. The contents are rapidly picked up.

A little further on, another group is opening crates in order -- curiously
enough ~- to count the packages of cigarettes again, one by one. There'are man
many "losses" and "disappearances" in Zaire.

Around the cities and in the cities, the soldiers erect barriers to exact "ran-
som" (very amicably, it is true). from the passing automobiles, At the end
of the month, they will have made enough to make ends meet for their family.
Police and customs officers do the same thing, following the well-known prin-
ciple that since everything has its price, everything has to be paid for.

The matabiche governs all aspects of the Zairian society's system. "I have

to bribe the police so they will let me onto the loading platform," says one
ELIMA vendor (one of -two Zairian dailies) at the Kinshasa airport, justifying
the sudden 50-percent increase in the price of the paper.

We are at the border post between Zaire and Zambia, not far from Kipushi . The
customs office is right in the bush. Here it is that trucks carrying flour
from Zambia pass. "In general," explains one guide, "they barely slow down
to cross the border, content to threw two bags on the ground: one for the
customs officer and the other for the police!"

With variations, this scene is repeated at all levels and in all sectors of
the country's economic life, ‘The richest, who have access to imports, "engage
in business," while the others » in addition to their regular jobs, have regular
or occasional outside jobs, "rounding the pebble." Whatever the case, ina
country where the average wage does not exceed the equivalent of 150 French
francs a month, notions of honesty or law have little meaning. One of the
most famous slogans of the MPR (Popular Movement of the Revolution): "Serve
rather than be served," is applied literally, ‘but the other way around,

The army often sets. the example, selling off, piece by piece, the tank turrets
or spare helicopter parts which, melted down, will supply a cottage pot and
pan factory, ‘

The whole forms what economists discreetly call the circuits of the "informal ,
economy," which constitutes the essential portion of the daily life of the
people. Wages are paltry: 800 zaires2 for a customs officer, 600 for a teacher,
1,000 for a professor or low-level officer, 400 for a regular soldier or police-
man. These figures should be compared with the price of a.50-kilo bag of ,
manioc (600 to 800 zaires), the stable item in most of the country's diet.

It is thus easy to figure it out: A bag of manioc is enough for a family of

six to get along for a month, but most families do not have the means to buy

a bag, theoretically, at least. Whence the importance of the parallel economy,

lew 7
1 “qailler le caillou": in Kinshasa slang, "to use one's wits to make ends
meet." ~

21 French franc is worth about 5 zaires.

124


JPRS~SSA-85-100

17 October 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Marxists Chart New Course
(Semou Pathe Gueye; THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST, 1985)....2ee8%

Military Sports Liaison Meets for 15th Session
(B. Konate; L'ESSOR, 10-11 Aug [:).)

West Africa's Life Scientists Gather in Senegal
(SIDWAYA, 12 Aug 85) seveeeccecerecerersecserensenseaeees

ANGOLA
Benguela FAPLA Members Praised
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 3 Aug [> hs
Three Sentenced for Spying for South Africa
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Sep 1)
Briefs
New Officials Appointed
Bie Roads Hamper Food Distribution
Delegation Visits Vietnam
BURUNDI

Church Services Reduced, Missionaries Expelled
(Robert von Lucius; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 17 Aug 85) ..

COMORO ISLANDS

Briefs
Process of Law

11

15

17

18

18

19

22



cso:

COQUESTION: if Mozambique ~

was aware in general terms of a

eace initiative and approved of

it — as SA has indicated — how

; come that government has re-

* acted so hotly to the contents of
the diary?

"It has interpreted the actions *
as a breach of the Accord, so

much so that Machel apy tly
even wanted to suspend the ac-
tivities of the Joint Security Com-
mission, established to monitor
observance of the Accord. |

(© QUESTION: why, if some parts
of the diary are accurate, Id
|. others not be? Botha was at pains
to stress that the diary was writ-

"ten in a language that even two...

SADF Portuguese-speaking offi-
cers had difficulty in trans! ating:
and that the transcripts should

not be regarded as the last word °

on the accuracy of the statements
in the entries.

He couldn’t say if the diary was *

genuine, but it looked so. For ex-

ample, descriptions of meetings

between Renamo, himself and

Malan in Pretoria late last year

were a brief but fairly accurate
rtrayal of what the ministers
ad told Renamo.

Hl. was disclosing the contents
of the diary and his discussions

with Maputo at this stage incase -
: Maputo came up with further al- -

legations, because they were still

studying the mass of documenta- «

tion that had been captured at
Gorongoza.

COOQUESTION: why did deputy :
ly to

Foreign Minister Louis Nel
Gorongoza — as a diary entry of
June 14 this year confirms —
£ without telling Botha he was go-
ing? Botha says Nel later ex-
_ plained that he had'done so to
prevent Botha from cancelling

3400/25

/

103

the trip through fears for Nel’s
_ safety. The trip was to promote a
* fresh round of talks between Fre-
limo and the rebels, says Botha.
But surely, if the SADF flew
him in, then Malan must have
known? In which case, why didn’t
Malan tell Botha?
OC QUESTION: can Malan be be-
lieved when he says — or, for that
* matter, can he believe his offi-
cers when they tell him — that
the SADF remains actively loyal
and supportive of the Accord. He
says they actively sup; the
ace process when they could
ve remained neutral.

: B.. the diary, refers to mes-
sages between F officers, in-
cluding SADF chief General Con-
stand Viljoen, and Gorongoza, in
which disparaging remarks were
made about Botha and members
of the government, Purporting to
convey that SADF officers did
not agree with the Accord and the
role government was playing in

: the peace process.

The officers, Botha said, cate-
gorically deny sending any such
messages to mo. The prob-
Jem here is two-fold. Any admis-
sion by the officers would be
highly unlikely in the first place.

But, in the event that they
should make such admissions,
seated fo disclose ths simply be-

close this, sim

* cause it would illustrate that the
Union Buildings — or part of it ~

_ 4s not entirely in control of DHQ.
CIQUESTION: why should the
diary be right about the flights
and the talks in Pretoria and Gor-
ongoza and wrong about the su

ly of arms and ammunition said
have been brought in on those
flights, and the need to secure.

: drop-zones?


CSO:

part in the elections,
according to complaints.

Mr. Gray and his
group also contended
at the time the pre-
sident-elect, Mr.
Bracewell was an em-
ployee of the Bong Mi-
ning Company.and there-
fore was not qualified
to contest a trade un-
ion election while he
was still in the em-
ploy of a partly gor
vernment-owned entity.

In its decision, the

“Broad of Appeals said

3400/28

63

it had observed that
only 112 of the 376 re-
gistered members are
sent at the elections,
voted and added that
this was not represen-
tative of the two-
thirds majority requir-
ed by the by-laws and
constitution of the
union.

The Board of Appeals
also noted that voters
were not accorded the
rights of franchise to
elect their leadership.



JPRS+SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

LIBERTA

NEW UN AMBASSADOR COMMISSIONED
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 5 Sep 85 pp 1, 6

[Bext7 Acting Foreign Minister Christopher Minikon yesterday commissioned
Mr. Sylvester 0, Jarrett Liberia's Ambassador to the United Nations on behalf
of Head of State CIC Dr. Samuel K. Doe.

Performing the ceremony at the Foreign Ministry, Minister Minikon congratu-
lated Mr. Jarrett for his appointment, and expressed the hope that he would
carry out his assignment with "efficiency."

Minister Minikon described Mr. Jarrett. as "an experienced diplomat," and expres-
sed optimism that during his tenure at the U.N., he would bring credit to the
Liberian Government and people.

Responding, Ambassador Jarrett, who served as Ambassador-at-Large prior to his
appointment, thanked Head of State Doe for his appointment, and assured that he
will "articulate the views of Liberia to the fullest at the U.N."

The ceremony was attended by several prominent personalities including the

former Liberian Ambassador to the United Nations Coumsellor Winston Tubman,
among others.

cso; 3400/26

49



JPRS*SSA+85+100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS EXPECTED TO SUFFER MOST FROM BOYCOTT OF WHITE STORES
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 21 Aug 85 p 3
[article by chief reporter: "Coloreds Are Going to Suffer Under Boycott}

[Text] Black and colored consumers are going to suffer the most under the
boycott of white stores, which is now being supported and announced by more
than a dozen organizations. It is being made increasingly difficult for
consumers not to support the boycott. This emerged yesterday from talks with
spokesmen for organized commerce and with members of the public. The boycott
is being announced to back appeals for lifting the state of emergency, the
release of all political prisoners and the withdrawal of the police and
Defense Force from black residential areas.

The Cape Town Chamber of Commerce said in a statement that the proponents of
consumer boycotts must realize that if they succeed many people may lose their
work, and their families their source of income. Mr Peter Hugo, vice-
chairman, said the Chamber has observed the response to recent appeals. So
far there are locally no signs that the boycott has had any success. He
thinks it is "because the man in the street knows that merchants cannot bear
the blame for the country's political evils. Contrary to what some people
claim, businessmen were in the vanguard with steps to eliminate racial
discrimination in South Africa."

Mr Jan Cloete, chairman of the Afrikaner Chamber of Commerce in Cape Town,
Said people are now going to pay more dearly for the same goods at another
store; goods which they must buy in any case and which, ironically enough,
were still perhaps produced by an Afrikaner company.

The chairman of the Tygerberg Chamber of Commerce, Mr Johan Braesler, said the
consumer is going to suffer the most under the boycott. Stores in colored and
black areas do not always have the price advantage of large supermarkets.

According to Mr Trevor Manuel, district secretary of the United Democratic
Front (UDF), over the weekend there was an overall decline in the number of
black customers at white stores and an attendant increase at the black stores.
The UDF is one of 14 organizations supporting and encouraging the boycott,

98


DJIBOUTI

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM DETAILED
Djibouti LA NATION in French 15 Aug 85 p 4
{Article: "Agriculture: It's Working"]

[Text] Despite the drought that has stricken the country for more than
3 years, agriculture is generally doing well. National production is
rising markedly. But tree planting is still lagging. However, officials
are confident about the next 5 years.

Agricultural production has risen to 1,200 tons this year from 1,090 tons
in 1983-84. The lion's share of production this year comes from the high-
production areas of As-Eyla, Mouloud, and Ambouli.

The 1984-85 season, like that of 1983-84, is characterized by a predominance
of vegetables in agricultural speculation. Among them is the tomato, still
the most widely consumed vegetable in the country. However, there are
novelties, such as the appearance on the market of local fodder from farmers
in the Hanle plain, who seem to specialize in this product. This year they
produced a record 65 tons, and production growth should speed up in the next
few years.

Another first in this 1984-85 season is the appearance on the national
market of summer or out-of-season vegetables (tomatoes, eggplant, onions,
cabbages, leeks, etc.).

These products appearing in midsummer are not cultivated in hothouses but
come from the mountain region (Mts Goda and Mabla), where climatic conditions
allow them to be grown year round.

A Developing Sector

Agriculture is booming in this region, as has been described in this news~
paper in articles on the sizeable activity in the Randa area and environs
(see LA NATION 2 May 1985). Gardens are springing up like mushrooms, from
15 last season to 80 today, and Agriculture and Forest service officials
say they are still far from reaching the saturation point. These officials
say that the greatest growth in national production will come from this
region in the next few years. Although the drought of the last 2 years has
had no great effect on the trend to increased production, it has caused a
not inconsiderable loss of productive land. This is due to increased
salinity of irrigation water, as in the case of gardens downstream from the
Djibouti coastal plain, or to wells' drying up, as has occured in Ali-Adde,
Harmadoule (Ali-Sabieh district) and Chekeitti (Dikhil district).

23



JPRS“SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

BURUNDI

CHURCH SERVICES REDUCED, MISSIONARIES EXPELLED
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 17 Aug 85 p 3

[Article by Robert von Lucius: "The Church is Persecuted in Africa's Most
Catholic Country: Colonial Era Restrictions and Ethnic Tensions"

[Summary] Burundi's population has a higher percentage of Catholics than any
other African country--about 60 percent are Catholic. According to some
sources, 80 percent of Barundi are baptized Catholic and 19 percent belong to
Protestant (usually American) denominations or practice traditional religions.
Only 1 percent are Muslim, despite accounts that the Libyan embassy in
Bujumbura pays converts DM 10,000 or the equivalent to 10 years' income for
the average Barundi. Al-Qaddhhafi recently dedicated a large cultural center
and mosque in Bujumbura.

The Pope did not include Burundi in his third trip to Africa, even though he
has visited 14 African countries, some of them more than once. This fact is
probably related to the impression that the church is being persecuted by the
Barundi regime. Just recently several Catholic priests were apprehended “for
violating the laws of an independent country." Their crime--contravéning a
law forbidding the holding of church services before 5 pm. Toward the end of
July several Catholics were arrested for having authored, under the auspices
of the diocese, a flyer considered insulting to the regime.

There have been accusations for several years now that the government of
President Bagaza (who is a Catholic and regular churchgoer) was acting against
the church. The anticlericalism in Burundi, however, is not of the usual sort
=-there are several motives for it that are related to colonial history,
ethnic conflicts, and political power. A cultural conflict rather than a
religious one is smoldering in Burundi. Meanwhile, there have been repeated
expulsions of missionaries and restrictions placed on church services.

A confidential letter dated 12 February from the Burundi Interior Minister,
Lt Col Charles Kazatsa, to which this newspaper had access, shows the extent
to which church affairs are being regulated. The letter, addressed to the
president, provincial governors, and the director general of the Ministry for
Religious Affairs [as published], reminds them that “yeligious activities"
are basically limited to Saturday afternoon and Sundays (though 7 am workday
mass appears to be tolerated again). Exceptions to this are noted. Weddings
may be held at any time, but the date must be approved by local authorities

19



JPRS#SSA+85=100
17 October 1985

SUULH AFRICA

POSSIBLE SPLIT WITHIN GOVERNMENT OVER NKOMATI

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 20 Sep 85 p 6 ‘

[Article by Paul Bell, political correspondent]

[Text]

'T CANNOT be denied that:
‘ @ South Africa has been
to admit its breach of the
Nkomati Accord. The prob-

lem is: will Mozambique accept :

Pik Botha’s explanation that it
was done in the interest of
reconciliation between Frelimo
and Renamo?

Botha’s admission, and the
alacrity with which government
investigated Mozambique’s alle-
fations, illustrates that SA — if
its intentions were as honourable
as Botha and Defence Minister

ick:

Magnus Malan claim them to be -

— is at least guilty of a footfault.
The unsuspecting would be
hard put to find a deeper motive
behind Botha’s apparently sin-
cere explanation of how govern-
ment has supported the Accord
yet simultaneously breached it.
He and Malan both indicated
that stability in Mozambique was
of paramount importance to both
countries, and that it would
.therefore not make sense to re-
play the destabilisation game by

gest that a double game is being
layed. Even more disturbing is
je possibility that the game is
not played out simply be-
tween SA, the Mozambique gov-
ernment and Renamo, but within.,
the ranks of our own government -
and its military/intelligence,
communities. svar

There is also growing specula-
tion among observers that, over
the past two months, Pik'Botha _
has been subtly set up as the
Cabinet fall-guy in a power strug-
gle which has the State Presiden-
cy as its ultimate prize.

In the context of this row with
Mozambique, it must be at least
possible — albeit by no means
proven — that there are factions
within government unhappy with
the Accord, and acting (pardon
the pun) accordingly ...

Last weekend, Botha was
called by a senior member of the
Mozambican cabinet ‘and asked
to come to see President Samora
Machel in Maputo. Botha was at
first reluctant, because of other
commitments, but when the min-

covertly supplying Renamo. ister pressed on him the urgen
If Frelimo lost Maputo, they of the matter he cleared it wi

would take to the bush and fight it the State President and flew in on

out. In Which case, here wou id be Monday.

no guarantee e relative se- i

emity of the South African bor- ‘uel oe rele eon eae

der against ANC incursions —
achieved by SA through the Ac-
cord — could be maintained.

B _
ut there are questions that
remain unanswered, which sug-

102

with the aid of Zimbabwean
troops, they flushed Renamo out
of its Gorongoza mountain
stronghold late last month. + « «4

Government credibility, at this
early stage, rests on its ability to
provide some credible, detailed
answers to the more obvious
questions raised by the diary.


IRAN DONATES MEDICAL ITEMS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 9 Sep 85 p 5

[Article by Priscilla Takyi-Appiah]

[Text]

cso:

THE Islamic Republic of
Tran yesterday present-
ed 31 tonnes of assorted
pharmaceuticals in-
cluding. antibiotics,
anti-mataria tablets,
aspirin and syringes to
Ghana. .

The items, which were
delivered at the Kotoka
International Airport, Ac-
‘cra, form part of 200’ton-
nes of drugs estimated at
$1.3 million which are be-
ing distributed to other
countries such as Niger,
Mali, Guinea-Bissau and

3400/42

Sierra-Leone.

Accompanying the c:
was a delegation led by Dr
M. S. Khalili, a Professor
ofthe Tehran University.
Other members were Mr S.
H. Mortazu, Chief Suppli-
er and Dr Alitt Karbazi, a

harmacist, both of the
Crescent (Red Cross)
of Iran.

At the airport to meet
them was Mr S. Seyed,
Charge d’Affaires of the
Iranian Embassy in Accra.

Dr Khalili said the gift is
to help Third World coun-
tries especially revolutio-

31

nary ones like Ghana. He
noted that Ghana has the
same revolutionary ideas
and objectives like Iran.

He added that the gest-
ure is also aimed at pro~
moting South-South co-
operation.

The leader of ths dele-
gation further said that he
agreed with Ghana’s anti-
apartheid’ and anti-
imperialist stand. He
added that.a member of
the PNDC, Captain Kojo
Tsikata’s visit to Iran has
served to strengthen rela-
tions between the two
countries,

JPRS#SSA+85+100
17 October 1985

GHANA


JPRS#SSA+85+100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES LOSE 25 PERCENT OF INCOME TO INFLATION
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 21 Aug 85 p 5
{Article: "Government Employees 25 percent Poorer: Early Raise Requested"]

{Text] Government employees have become roughly 25 percent
poorer since’ the last general salary increase in January
last year. If the present rate of inflation continues, the
figure will have reached at least 35 percent by the time
the next budget is submitted in March next year.

These figures were supplied to DIE AFRIKANER by experts in the Civil Service
with reference to reports that the Association of Civil Servants (VSA) is
soon going to request differentiated salary increases.

The last salary increase was received by government employees on 1 January
last year, when an average raise of 12 percent was granted. This increase
had to compensate for an inflation rate of 25 percent since 1 April 1982,

when the previous salary increase was granted.

Civil servants' financial position was further weakened by the government's
decision in March this year to reduce the service bonuses of officials by one-
third. Those in the know then pointed out that factors such as the increase
in AVB [General Sales Tax], an increase of 3 percent in the income tax

burden, the tax on fringe benefits and salary reductions would mean a loss

of 41 percent in the purchasing power of officials over the period 1

January 1984 to 1 January 1986.

Highly placed sources in the Civil Service point out that that the government
has accepted the principle of parity in salaries between the Civil Service
and the private sector. Since the most recent increase in the salaries of
civil servants, however, a state of inequality has developed. This was the
result of moderate salary increases granted in the private sector--in spite
of the recession.

This state of affairs will result in the Civil Service losing some of its
personnel to the private sector in a possible upturn in the economy. It
was pointed out to DIE AFRIKANER that civil servants are dependent on the

112


JPRS*SSA“85+100
17 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

STATE TO OFFER MORE AID TO CO-OPS
Harare ‘THE HERALD in English 17 Sep 85 p 1, 3
{Article by: ‘Tim Chigodo]

[Text] The Government is taking a fresh look at all co-operatives in
Simbabwe to correct mistakes and solve problems hampering their develop-
ment.

The exercise is part of a new strategy being drawn up to ensure the success
of co-operatives, says the Minister of State (Political Affairs and Co-
ordination of Cooperatives), Cde Maurice Nyagumbo.

He told The Herald: "Yes, there is an evaluation exercise which is
taking place aimed at systematically examining the problems or mistakes
that have gone on since the Government pronounced its intention to promote
co-operatives of various types throughout the country in 1980."

Answering questions, the minister said the strategy was geared to promote
socialist development. in the country.

The Government would revise and update the Cooperative Societies Act to
give legal status to the mushrooming pre-co-operative groups throughout
the country, the new’ socialist-orientated co-operatives, a new co-operative
movement and the co-operative societies policy approved in 1983.

Adequate financial assistance would be provided to self-reliant and viable
co-operative societies: "Such finance shall be provided for projects in
the mining, agricultural, industrial, service and consumer fields in

both urban and rural areas. Both local and foreign financial resources
shall be mobilised to meet the needs of the co-operators," Cde Nyagumbo
said.

The question of specialised banking institutions for co-operatives was
being closely examined. .

The Government would increase its services to co-operative societies in
terms of extension, legal, audit, technical and other basic needs,

133



Culture and Tourism
Our values and cul-

, ture as a people must

be cherished and pro~
moted. The: Party at-
taches significance
to the cultural as-
pect of our heritage
and will ensure. its
maintenance and pre-
servation. The poten-:
tial of Liberia to at-
tract tourism is yet

to be fully explored.
The Party shall. devise
the ways and means to
achieve this end.

Labour

The National Demo-
cratic Party of Libe-
via reaffirms its to-
tal commitment to the
principle of fairness
to. workers and fair
labour practices in
labor relations, in-
cluding the right to
form unions for col-
lective bargaining.
The Party calls upon
both labour and man-
agement to improve the
quality of work. and.
work~conditions. Equal
work must be compen-~
sated by equal pay.” ‘

Public Works/Rural Development

The National Democratic Party of Liberia realizes that throughout human
history construction and maintenance of roads have always been considered
primarily essential to the overall development objectives of every nation.
The Party believes that communication among all segments, towns and cities
through a vigorous road construction and maintenance program connecting
all our villages, towns and cities will not only facilitate trade and
commerce but also advance and promote in a tangible manner, unity, friend-
ship and brotherhood concretized by such contacts among our people made

possible as a result of such a program.

55



However black this picture may be, it must be sketched in its bareness in
order to put the "National" Party's scandalous incompetence and mismanagement
on record -- a party which in its passion for change and reform has let itself
be transformed into a caricature of the earlier proud, honorable, strong
structure which the white people achieved with self-respect and self-reliance
and which made South Africa a model of good management.

The present situation has driven many good Afrikaners and patriotic English
fellow citizens to the point where they despair of a continued stay in South
Africa. They are discussing aloud the possibility of emigrating before it is
too late. They feel betrayed by the Government. However justified these
people's displeasure and concern is, we must ask with great seriousness that
they not lightly decide to emigrate or flee. In our history there are
numerous examples of people who moved away out of despair of prevailing
circumstances.

Led Back

There were the Dorsland Trekkers who rightly despaired of the presidency of
Thomas Francois Burgers. They learned from far off that the Boers had beaten
the British force at Amajuba and after many years their path led back to South
Africa. There were the Boers who after 1902 did not want to stand under the
British flag and emigrated to North and South America. In general they did
not find any bliss and many later found their way back to South Africa.
After the 1948 election many opponents of the National Party emigrated to the
then Rhodesia, only to return to South Africa in the course of time. After
the 1960-61 riots and the attack on Dr Verwoerd's life, the attainment of the
status of a republic and the withdrawal from the Commonwealth, there was also
a stream out of South Africa. And when South Africa later experienced a
period of unparalleled economic boom, many turned around again and came back.

Remember, the Afrikaner people have already existed for more than 300 years in
this country and have gone through many serious crises. For the most part,
they emerged from these crises stronger. The choice is now again for many of
us: Flee, give in or fight. Those who fight, although often the minority,
have still made history every time. It will again be so. The Afrikaner
people are firmly on this earth and their role on the stage of history is far
from finished.

13084
CSO: . 3401/305

109



Finally, speaking of his stay in Dakar, the Mauritian representative said he
was very satisfied and thanked the Socialist Party, the Senegalese Government,
President Abdou Diouf and the Senegalese people who did not spare any effort
for the success of the conference. Subsequently, he was to describe President
Diouf as "a great statesman"--"I also had the opportunity to meet African
friends. Whether we want it or not, we are condemned to stand together. I
was very moved when I visited the island of Goree. Slavery will, for all time,
be a great shame for mankind. Consequently, we must draw lessons from the past
so that we do not have slavery in any other form whatsoever. I also thank
Charles Manatt, the United States NDI [expansion unknown] and my friends who
took an active part in the Dakar meeting, where we had a discussion through
respective experiences for the interest and the greatest good of Africa and
the world," concluded Dr Diwakur Bundhun, representative of the Mauritian
Socialist Movement to the International Conference on Democracy in Africa.

9434
cso: 3410/546

73


JPRS“SSA*85~100
17 October 1985

DJIBOUTI

BRIEFS

ITALIAN AID REPORTED--The prime minister and interim head of government,

Mr Barkat Gourad Jamadou, received a courtesy visit yesterday morning
from Mrs. Fanfani, president of the Italian Red Cross. Mrs Fanfani had
come from conversations with the minister of Foreign Affairs and Coopera-
tion, Mr Moumin Bahdon Farah. Mrs Fanfani arrived in the capital last
Tuesday from Addis-Ababa. She is in Djibouti to supervise the distribu-
tion of food aid to drought victims. The Republic of Dj ibouti is the third
country to benefit from humanitarian aid organized by the president of the
Italian Red Cross and granted to all African countries stricken by famine.
Mrs Fanfani organized the voyage of the "Peace Ship" for 1985. Sponsored
by the president of Italy, the United Nations and the International League
of the Red Cross, it will tour the continent during the month of August
and bring aid to African peoples. The containerized "Peace Ship" is in the
port of Djibouti since yesterday morning after docking at Khartoum and
Assab. Aid to Djibouti includes clothing, agricultural implements, blan-
kets, syrup, oil, medicines, two prefabricated schools complete with chairs
and tables, a mill, three generators, five refrigerators, and a prefabri-
cated clinic. During her stay in Djibouti, Mrs Fanfani will attend to the
delivery of this important materiel to various peneficiaries. She will
visit Ali-Adde, Atar, Adaitta and, next Saturday, the Mother and Child
Center, the ANJ [National Youth Association] and the Peltier hospital.

Mrs Fanfani will leave the country Saturday afternoon for Somalia, one of
the 15 countries that will receive aid from the Italian Red Cross (Sudan,
Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique, Nigeria,
Niger, Mali, Senegal, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, and Chad). [Text]
(Djibouti LA NATION in French 15 Aug 85 p 1] 8782.

LIME PRODUCTION PROJECT REPORTED--The small town of Dorale, located 8

km from the capital, is regaining one of its early industries: lime pro-
duction. A Djibouti artisan, Mr Omar Banjir, recently restored a lime
kiln built almost 200 years ago by a shipping company based in Djibouti

in colonial times. Nestled between the Dorale radio station and the sea,
this 3-meter tall lime kiln is a model of the solidity of old-time produc-
tion. None of it was done with imported materials; pasalt and other rock,
sand and lime are available in the area. The restoration of the kiln was
thus an easy task for Mr Banjir, who has been producing lime. He is using
an ancient procedure that involves loading the kiln with limestone and wood
for fuel. Raw materials come from the Mangadafo limestone deposit located
near the kiln site. The deposit was laid down by marine organisms on the
sea floor about 80 million years ago. There is enough rock to produce

25

pesky


JPRS+SSA+85=100
17 October 1985

NIGERIA

CAUTION URGED IN IMF NEGOTIATIONS
London TALKING DRUMS in English 9 Sep 85 p 8
[Erticle ‘by Maigani: "Nigeria and the IME"7

fie et] In his address to the nation having Okay, these are the problems. So

accepted an ‘‘invitation’’ to lead the
country, General Ibrahim Babangida
— President-General Bagangida if you
like — stressed emphatically that the
last 20 months the nation had been
under the tyrranical rule of General
“Dan Buzu’? (this name sounds very
musical) did not witness any significant
changes in the national economy. Said

he: ‘‘contrary to expectations, we have «

so far been subjected to a steady
deterioration in the general standard of
living and intolerable suffering by the
ordinary Nigerian has reached un-
precedented heights. Prices of goods
and equipments have risen higher,
scarcity of commodities has increased,
hospitals remain mere consulting
clinics while educational institutions
are on the brink of total decay. Unem-
ployment has stretched to critical
dimensions . . . ’’ Sounds like very
familiar words, but never mind.
Taking a step further, the General
then proceeded to enumerate the
country’s fundamental problems which
are seen to revolve around the follow-
ing identifiable contradictions: (a) a
decrease of the country’s domestic
production while the population con-
tinues to increase; (b) dependence on
imports for both consumer goods and
raw materials for the country’s
industries; (c) a grossly unequal gap
between the rich and the poor; (d) the
large role played by the public sector in
economic activity with hardly any
concrete results to justify such a role.

91

what needs to be done? Two policy
options or alternative routes exist.
Nigeria could embark on a national
economic management WITHOUT
external support, or a national
economic management WITH external
support. If the former, then Nigeria
would have no need for those endless
talks with such arrogant and unfeeling
bodies such as the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World
Bank. If the later, then the country
would have no option other than
reaching a negotiable agreement and
submission to the IMF conditions.
Both options have far reaching im-
plications.

To decide to pursue national
economic management without the
IMF implies that Nigeria’s new set of
military leaders shall be compelled to
continue presently existing measures of
retrenchment and risk escalation of un-
employment; increase austerity
measures since Nigeria, and, indeed,
the leaders do not control and cannot
adjust to international economic
conditions, mainly because the oil
market is unpredictable and is likely to
continue to deteriorate. In other
words, the country will continue to
operate on an ad hoc and non-strategic
arrangement. This type of arrangement
is called, in economic terms, ‘‘planless-
hess arrangement.’”

To resort to economic management
with the help of the IMF will involve
going strictly by the IMF conditions.



national liberatory revolutions increasingly tend to go beyond the simple
challenging of foreign domination and to attack the very basis of the system of
exploitation of man by man. This tendency not only reflects the spirit of the
age — that of worldwide transition from capitalism to socialism — but is alsé
a consequence of the change in the world balance of power. It is this
favourable historical context which enables a country like ours to skip the
period of the maturity of capitalism, thanks above all to the support of the
world socialist system. .

Butin arriving at this double characterisation of “anti-imperialist and anti-
capitalist”, we did not base ourselves only on the opinions of Lenin. We
looked to sce whether that opinion was confirmed by theconcrete situation of
our country. We noted the fact that the road of capitalist development taken
by our country has led to increased dependence, economic backwardness
and increased inequality among our people. To this we add another
observed fact: where a socialist choice has been made (provided that it has
not been prejudiced by subjective errors of one kind or another) the people
have benefitted from achievements far exceeding those of even developed
capitalist countries.

National Democratic Revolution

What exactly does an “anti-capitalist” policy mean in a country like Senegal
where, in spite of the existence ofa modern capitalist sector which in the final
analysis determines the direction taken by the economy, there is nevertheless
a predominance of small producers and traders constituting a petty
bourgevis system of relations? It means that on the social and economic level,
our national democratic revolution has a double historic mission. Firstly, it
must settle the matters left in suspense by the immaturity of capitalist
development; in particular this means destroying the pre-capitalist relations
ofproduction and social relations which act as a brake on the emergence of
modern forces of production. Secondly, it m' ust create. and accumulate
economic, social, political and cultural forces for the consolidation of our
national independence and then for the gradual transition towards
socialism.

We are concerned with a particularly complex process in which we can
already anticipate certain difficulties arising out of the concrete situation in
Senegal. These difficulties mainly flow from the fairly profound involvement
of our economy in the world capitalist market with which it has links which
cannot simply be broken from one day to the next. Difficulties also flow from
the heavy liabilities of our colonial inheritance and from the serious effects
upon the behaviour patterns of the masses of the patriarchal ideology
surviving from the past. The aggravation of international tension and the
increasing cost of the arms race for the socialist countries objectively limit the
extent to which they are able to help us. Our people will therefore have to
follow the way pointed out to us by the socialist countries: the way of labour,
effort and sacrifice. It is only in this way that we can benefit from the aid and
support of the socialist system.

Our Party believes that a task of this nature and this breadth cannot be
undertaken by one class alone. No one class at present existing in Senegal has
the necessary strength to carry it out. In any case the objectives of the national
democratic revolution as we see them are in the interests of several classes and


JPRS*SSA“85+100
17 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF MARROMEU DISTRICT NOTED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Sep 85 p 5

[Text] The district of Marromeu is one of the most important
ones in the province of.Sofala, Located in the north, along
the Zambeze River and extending all the way to the Indian
Ocean, the district borders on another one which is no less
important, that is, the district of Cheringoma. One of the
country's most important sugar refineries is located in
Marromeu. In addition to the production of sugar from vast
cane crop areas, there are various food crops as well as
industrial establishments along with animal husbandry.

There is also wood production, Another important point in
this region's economic life is the wild fauna, The biggest
known herd of buffalo is found on the prairies of Marromeu,
quite famous all over the world,. This is a real treasure of
the African forest but it is also an important food source
through the diversification of proteins, These are some of
the important aspects that prove the importance of Marromeu,
which is served by a railroad line that links it to Beira.
These are the reasons why Marromeu is one of the preferred
targets of the armed bandits against whom the district's
population is working with determination and firmness,
Proof of this is to be found in news which our reporter
Eustacio Baptista brought back from his stay in Marromeu.

Workers Ready to Fight Armed Bandits

The need for boosting vigilance during this phase and the people's readiness
to continue the fight until all the armed bandits have been wiped’ out--these
were the most salient points at the meetings held recently in some sections
and enterprises in the district of Marromeu, Province of Sofala.

The meetings were a part of the broad process of information dissemination
launched by the party and the state concerning the current military situation
based on enemy operations in thé district of Luabo, Province of Zambezia, on
30 July of this year,

74


This is in keeping with the guidelines to the.effect greater support.is to be
given to persons who have for a long time been forced to’ live under the control
of the bandits.

Some provincial directorates and other organizations, including. the’ district
government agencies themselves, have made efforts to guarantee the wellbeing
of the rescued persons, helping them with food, clothing, farm tools, seeds,
and many other things they need.

Information collected by our reporter from the Chibabava district defense
secretary Mourinho Domingos Luis shows that, during the first half of this
year alone, more than 400 persons were rescued in the town of Mexungue. Most
of these persons were women and children under the age of 10.

The children are found to be in a serious state of malnutrition and they have
various illnesses, specifically, parasitoses, Secretary Mourinho Luis said
that both the children and the mothers who have health problems are getting
medical assistance at the local health center.

He added that, as people are rescued, they are immediately assigned to collective
living facilities in the communal villages, thus permitting the opening of
plantations and the construction of their homes with local material.

For the women whose busbands continue to be in the hands of the bandits
support in the construction of their homes comes from the other residents
through volunteer work days.

According to the secretary, children of school age are beginning to attend
the schools and the same is true of adults who attend literacy training
and adult education classes, Some of them are registering for self-defense
courses, as we were told by Mourinho Luis.

5058
cso; 3442/404

80


strength of this conviction and conscious of the heavy responsibility which
lies upon us that we have made a point of getting to the heart of things
without concealing any inadequacy, any mistake or any fault which might
hinder our progress on the road to victory. We have good reason to believe
that against this background, the second legal Congress of our Party, held at
‘Dakar from 28 to 30 September, 1984, did not fail tocome up to expectation.

The second legal Congress of the P.I.T. Senegal brought together nearly
one thousand delegates duly mandated by basic Party structures. together
with observers. Its importance was enhanced by the presence ol
representatives of various Senegalese political movements, trade union
Personalities of our country and also by large delegations from fraternal
Parties — the Communist Parties of the Soviet Union, the German
Democratic Republic, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and other countries, It was
greeted by dozens of messages from every corner of the world.

Several months of discussions and collective reflection took place within
the Party. Thousands of copies of preparatory documents were sent to all the
political parties ofour country to seek their suggestions and criticisms (which
we undertook to publish in our Press). Hundreds of meetings were held in
various forms throughout the country and in all the national languages to
discuss our analyses and positions. Never before in Senegal has any political
party proceeded in such a democratic manner to have its activity, its
orientation and its programme judged by public opinion. We had to do this
and we have not regretted it. At a time when every encounter with the
“socialist” party in power tends to degenerate into heated and even bloody

exchanges, we believe that we have given fresh proof of the superiority of the
rules and principles of Leninism over the empty boasts of the bourgeoisie
wanting to give lessons in “democracy”.

Our procedure has also enabled us to profit considerably from the views of
our compatriots so as to improve the quality of our analysis. This is why we
think that the conclusions at which we have arrived at our Congress will make
areally important contribution to the success of the revolutionary struggle in
Senegal. Moreover, it was in order to allow our Party to play its full part in this
struggle that we were obliged to re-examine the whole of our activity without
complacency. ‘The conclusion which we have drawn from this re-
examination is that, while we have achievements and successes of which we
can legitimately be proud, we have also made mistakes and been guilty of
faults which have greatly retarded our Progress.

Our Achievements :
Let us first see what we can count by way of achievements. The historic
manifesto, published in 1957 at the time of the foundation of the African
Independence Party, and the Programme adopted in 1962 were the first
documents of their kind in West Africa. T hey constituted in their time an
important contribution by Senegalese Marxists to the creative application of
the ideas of Marx, Engels and Lenin under the conditions of our continent.

The historical importance of the foundation of the African Independence
Party resides for Senegalese communists in the fact that it gave the working
masses of our country a precious instrument with which to guide their



JPRS*SSA*85~100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANERS ENCOURAGED TO FIGHT RATHER THAN FLEE
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 21 Aug p 4
(Article: "Flee, Give In or Fight"]

({Text] The worsening conditions in South Africa in almost every sphere affect
Afrikaners more directly than any other group of the population. It is
ultimately the Afrikaner's philosophy of life and traditions which have to be
reformed and changed in terms of the Government and its propagandists' fetish.

Collision

In the political sphere, Afrikanerdom has been in growing dissension since Mr
Vorster started his purge in 1969 to make the National Party safe for the
Proponents of racial integration. In the cultural sphere, the lines of
division have already been sharply drawn. In the ecclesiastical sphere, a
collision between two sides is becoming more and more inevitable. In the
economic sphere, the Afrikaner is being impoverished and exploited in the
Process of redistributing income and welfare. And in public administration
the Afrikaner's desires and needs have been shunted to an outsiderts position.
Moreover, South Africa is now almost isolated diplomatically with the most
high-handed interference by the Americans and British, and the country is in
an economic crisis unequaled in history because of the Government's
extravagance and the Reserve Bank's errors of judgment. As a result of this,
the rand has fallen to the point that it is even weaker than the monetary
units of Zimbabwe and Botswana. South Africa's foreign debt has run up at
such a rate that the repayments this year may bring about a much greater
crisis than already exists. The present economic crisis, which is much worse
than that of the thirties, has caused unemployment and bankruptcies and even
led to white children having to go to school without food.

Rioting

Above and beyond this extremely serious state of affairs, a state of rioting
and lawlessness is reigning in large parts of the country; it is no
exaggeration to say that certain black neighborhoods have already been
transformed into terrorist bases from which black police have been expelled
and the authority taken over by gangs of terrorists. And the Government's
response is more concessions, which will inevitably lead to renewed riots.

108


The drafting of the party and government plans was preceded.by activity reports
delivered by the secretaries of economy, of defense, of organization and
mobilization of the. district committee, as well as the district directors.

of education and.culture, of health,:.and of construction and water supply,
representing the district government. The agriculture section did not

submit its activity report because its director was absent.

The provincial team, which operated in Chibabava in an effort to help the local
government agencies in drafting their plan, was thus able to determine the
degree of compliance with the activities provided for in the 85 Plan during
the first half whose results were not very satisfactory, as had been expected.

First Half

Reports presented on the occasion by party and government officials in
Chibabava and subsequently submitted for approval showed that most of the
planned activities, particularly those contained in the government plan for
the first half of 1985, were not carried out.

The lack of accomplishment of the task assigned for the this first half was
obvious primarily in the district directorates of agriculture and of construc-
tion and water supply. In the latter, the official in charge justified this
failure in terms of the inadequacy of work resources and construction materials
as well as the manpower shortage, specifically carpenters and bricklayers.

According to discoveries made in Chibabava by our reporter, many works projects
are still unfinished after about 3 years, According to the plan, these projects
were supposed to have been finished in less than 12 months since material used
in the construction of these projects is locally produced-~but brick production
is very slow.

The provincial team that helped the Chibabava government agencies in drafting
their plan concluded after an analysis that the main problem resides in the
lack of qualified supervisory personnel, not only in the construction and
water section but also in other sectors, although this is where serious
operating problems were encountered.

As for agriculture, it was found that areas which had been earmarked for the
family sector were beyond the handling capacities of each family.

In addition, the peasants complained that they were sold poor-quality hoes
and they lamented the fact that the promised seed shipments had not come
through, The district agriculture directorate never managed to.meet the
requests for seeds from the growers who complained about this.

Final conclusions as to the degree of compliance with the party's plan for this
first half indicate that the results are satisfactory at least at the district
seat although as of this moment there has been no information from the other
towns in the area,

78


JPRS*SSA=85+100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

UK MAY HAVE BREACHED ARMS EMBARGO

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 20 Sep 85 p 9

{Text]

cso:

LONDON — The British govern- -

ment has launched a confidential
inquiry to establish whether the ex-
port to South Africa of a sophisticat-
ed radar system breached an inter-.
national arms — embargo,
government sources said yesterday.

The sources said the Defence Ministry
was checking whether the AR3D system,
produced by the giant communications
compan, Plessey, was being used by the
Sout African army, contravening a 1977
United Nations arms embargo fully
backed by Britain.

In the meantime, they said, the Trade

“Ministry had refused to grant the com-

pany’s application for an export licence
update the system, which it began
supplying in 1981.
lence experts said the system, one
of the most sophisticated in the world,
had both military and civilian uses. Un-
til recently, the government maintained
that the South Africans were using it
solely for civilian air traffic control.
But suspicions were aroused when it
became known that South Africa was
receiving mobile radar units, Suggesting
that they were being used by the mili-
tary, the experts said.
lessey yesterday issued a brief state-
ment saying: “This is an air traffic con-
trol system which was sold in the 1970s
with the full approval of the British
government.”
The Anti-Apartheid Movement said it
hotographes units of the system being
loaded on to South African transport
planes at Hurn Airport in south England
in 1981.
Its spokesman, Mike Terry, accused
the government of violating the arms

3400/25

embargo by allowing the exports to con-
tinue.

“This is precisely the kind of equi
ment South Africa desperately needs
support its incursions into Angola and
Mozambique,” ‘he said.

Hurn Airport. administrator, D C Tay-
lor, said yesterday the most recent ship-
ment had left last March.

In 1980, Britain vetoed a United Na-
tions security council resolution seeking
to include all radar systems within the
terms of the arms embargo.

The authoritative guide “Jane’s Wea-
pons Systems” describes the AR3D as an
ait defence radar system giving three-
dimensional information on targets.

. Two systenis were successfully used
by British forces in the 1982 Falklands
campaign against Argentina.

The system has an effective range of
400km against high-flying planes and
can be used as a radar reporting post or
command post, Jane’s says.

A Plessey Spokesman said the original
sale had the full approval of the Lal
government of the day.

Since then, consignments of the multi-
million-dollar equipment, much of it
made by Plessey Radar, had been flown
out in Hercules transport planes from
Hurn Airport.

The spokesman said the compan:
would not comment on allegations that
the equipment was being used for South
Africa's air defence system which is said
to have combat uses.

He said the last dispatch of radar
equipment had been in March. — Sapa-
Reuter.

OSpokesmen for Armscor were not
available for comment last night.

104


would form the nucleus of the political
group that would emerge so as to
throw their weight behind one of them
— who had presidential ambitions.
With that achieved, Yar’ Adua would
then be safe in retirement or be
subsequently appointed as the Minister
of Defence.

There were hitches, however, that
made it difficult for the plan to work
and in fact it was those hitches that
ultimately frustrated the Kaduna
Mafia and exposed them. First they did
not know exactly what to do with
General T.Y. Danjuma and people like
Babangida (at that time a Brigadier).

The Kaduna Mafia did not trust
them sufficiently to expose to them the
real plan. At the same time it was
feared the plan would not completely
work with these two people and a few
others totally left in the dark since they
too were (and are) Northerners with
completely equal claim. The second
hitch came when the results of elections
into the Constituent Assembly were
known. They were based on an individ-
ual merit, not political parties as there
were none at the time.

The masses voted for their true sons
as their representatives and the kind of
people who won were not with the
Kaduna Mafia. In particular, President
Shehu Shagari was elected from
Shagari in Sokoto and Umaru Dikko
was elected by the people of Kaduna
and B/Gwari Districts. There were
many others who were of independent
minds and when they arrived at the
Hall of the Constituent Assembly, the
Mafia soon found itself in disarray,

Even when the Mafia tried to steal
the show by bringing up the topic of
Shari’a, they bungled. Had the matter
been handled with political sagacity,
the result would not have been so
humiliating to the delegates from the
Northern states. How the Constituent
Assembly was dissolved is another
story, long and interesting but perhaps
not so relevant to the|present topic.

When ultimately the military per-
mitted political ativity and party for-
mation, the Kaduna Mafia poured into
the National Party of Nigeria with the
hope and belief that they could wrangle
the nomination of the party in favour
of their candidate on whose behalf the

89

Chief of Staff was almost openly
campaigning. Luckily, the people saw
through this and at the Party Con-
vention, the Kaduna Mafia candidate
came third. Alhaji Maitama Sule beat
him to snatch second place, while
Shagari became the NPN’s Presidential
Candidate.

President Shagari, with his style of
live and let live, his policy of
compromise even with a declared
enemy, appealed to all to team up and
work together. The Kaduna Mafia
within the NPN continued to fight
until their defeated candidate became
the Acting General Secretary of the
NPN.

Even with Shagari having bent over
backwards to placate and accommo-
date them, they were dissatisfied and
when the 1983 elections approached,
they signed a secret pact with Chief
Obafemi Awolowo, the Presidential
Candidate of the UPN. And yet in the
open they remained members of the
NPN — enough to prove to anyone the
kind of people they were! Anyway, you
should read what Chief Awolowo said
about his brief honeymoon with that
lot. His description of them was one of
the most perfect.

So they were with President Shagari
and against President Shagari. They
were so good at this double game. They
did everything to undermine him and
since they were in league with some
newspaper proprietors they had a field-
day. But they flopped because the
masses were and up till tomorrow they
are, for Shagari, given a free hand.

One important and very pertinent
question needs to be asked. Why did
the Kaduna Mafia try to undermine
President Shagari? The issue goes
further than their fair weather arrange-
ment with Chief Awolowo.

Why did this clique connive in the
overthrow of a regime in which they
participated? The answer in a nutshell
is: Because they do not believe that
anybody form the South should ever be
elected to the Presidency of Nigeria.

The Kaduna Mafia became fully
convinced that within the NPN, people
like the President himself, Umaru
Dikko, Isyaku Ibrahim and many
others sincerely believed and openly
pronounced that the Presidency should
rotate.


Done in Committee Room in Monrovia, Monserrado County, this 19th day of July,
A.D. 1985.

James N. Nagbe
Chairman

Harry T. Faber Nayou
Co-Chairman

Edward V. Alladin
Secretary

Sunday B. Onadeko
Member

Richard K. Flumo
Member

Philip K. Deah
Member

cso: 3400/63

57



Agriculture

The National Democratic
Party of Liberia will ac-
‘cord priority to the de-
velopment of the. agri- ,
cultural sector in the |
economy, The objectives
will be to improve the
employment opportunities
in the rural areas, at-
tain food ‘self-suffi-

ciency and increase the |
output of cash and tree

crops such as rice, cas-
sava, plantains, palm
products, cocoa, coffee,
etc, The ‘development ;
strategies for this pur-
pose will include the”
provision of extension
services to the farmers
in rural areas and grant- °
ing of credit facilities
to them on reasonably
easy terms. In order to
provide credit ftacili- +
ties, the Agricultural
Cooperative Development
Bank will be required to
enlarge its branch net-~
work in the interior and
in addition, the coopera~
tive movement will be de-
veloped and strengthened.
Encouragement will be
given to ensure the
_ growth of Liberian owned
agro-businesses and in-
dustries, The National
Democratic Party of Li-
beria shall encourage end
monitor the effective mo-
bilization of cooperative ©
farmers and the efficient
management of their re-
sources through the Co-
operative Development, '
The Party further commits ,
itself to the maintenance ,
as well as the reforeste-,
tion of our forest resour-.
ces including conservation

of wild-life in the coun-,

try, We favour increased
research and exploration
for conserving and better
utilizing fishery re-
sources,

Health and Social
Welfare

The National Democratic
Party of Liberia shall
design program that every
Liberian will have .ac-
cess to health care at
reasonable cost, We shall
seek better health fa-
cilities for our urban
and rural areas through-
out the country, In
creating a national phar-
maceutical industry, we
shall seek to rationalize

. the production and dis-

tribution of pharmaceu-
tical products.

We shall seek to main-
tain and improve our com=
mitment to the aged, the
poor and the disabled by
providing care at mini-
mum cost. Primary child
care through a nation-
wide immunization pro-

: gram will be pursued and

supported,

The Economy

The National Democratic
Party of ‘Liberia sub-
scribes to the Free En-
terprise System, The pri-
mary objective of the,
Economic Policy will be
to accelerate the growth
of the economy aimed at
improving the quality of
lite of the Liberian

53

people within a reason-
able time freme, The Na-
tional Democratic Party
of Liberia shall continue
to adhere to the concept
of planned economic deve-
lupment through Four Year

: Development Plan, coupled

with annual programing
attuned to the broad ob-
jectives of the Four Year
Plans, The plans will set
specific targets of
achievement for the pub- ©
lic by the private. sec-
tor, Maximum emphasis
will be placed on en-
largement of employment
opportunities for the Li-
berian people. For it is
only through increased
employment that the wel-
fare of the people can
be enhanced.

As the openness of the
Liberian economy has been
of significant benefit °
to the country, no effort
will be spared to main-
tain and improve this
unique characteristic of
the economy, The U.S.
Dollar along with the Li-
berien Coins will con-
tinue to be the legal
tender in the country.
Positive and effective
steps will be taken to
sustain the confidence
in the monetary system,

In our quest to attract
foreign investment, the
investment code will be
‘revised and improved with
the twin objectives of
providing maximum incen~
tives to foreign inves~
-tors while at the same
time curbing such foreign
investments as have pro-
ved to be unscrupulous



JPRS*SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

ANGOLA

BENGUELA FAPLA MEMBERS PRAISED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 3 Aug 85 p 12

[Text] In Benguela on Thursday, Luis Paulino dos Santos, Adjunct Coordinator
of the Party's Provincial Committee, said that the second phase of growth of
the Party will extend to all the military units stationed in the province.

Speaking during the celebration of FAPLA's eleventh anniversary, Luis Paulino
stated that those to be selected as Party members will be fighters who have
distinguished themselves in defending the victories achieved by the Angolan
people during the ten years of independence.

Referring to the political and military situation in the province, the Party
leader stressed his preference for the Angolan defense and security forces

which spare no effort in carrying out clean-up operations and pursuing UNITA
armed bands which seek, at any cost, to de-stabilize the Angolan revolution.

The Party's Adjunct Provincial Coordinator in Benguela urged all Angolan youth
to dedicate themselves, firmly and with determination, to the defense of the
threatened fatherland.

Swearing in Ceremony

In that regard, Thursday at the Biopio Commune, new fighters for the People's
Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) were sworn in in a half-
hour ceremony presided by the member of the Party's Provincial Committee,
Alexandrino Silva.

During 90 days trainees received combat and political preparation, with in-
struction and combat intervention methods administered by Angolan instructors
in collaboration with Cuban internationalists.

The fighters were similarly instructed on internal Party politics, Marxist-
Leninist theory, origins and causes of war, and they were given a general view
of present-day psychological preparedness.

FAPLA Fighters Praised

At the Biopio Commune, on Thursday, the member of the Party's Provincial Com-
mittee in Benguela, Alexandrino Silva, made public a commendation for the

15



JPRS*SSA485~100

Two Aliens Arrested 17 October 1985

Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 20 Sep 85 p 1, 2
[Article by J. Gortor Kiazoly]

[Text] Two aliens have been arrested and detained in Monrovia by the
Immigration Bureau on charges of falsifying Liberian citizenship, and
illegal possession of two Liberian voters' registration cards.

A Sierra Leonean, Vandy Tarawalli, 42, and a Guinean, Solemane Kamara 54,
were both arrested last month in Voinjama, Lofa County, during a routine
check-up at the borders by Immigration officers.

Disclosing this yesterday to the press in Monrovia, Immigration Commissioner
Edwin J. Taye said that Tarawalli was nabbed with a Liberian voters' regis-
tration card bearing the name Jata Varled, and also with a Sierra Leone
electoral registration card.

He said the Guinean, Solemane Kamara who is an ex-serviceman in the Guinean
army, was found with a Liberian voters' registration card bearing the name
Solemane Tornor.

According to Commissioner Taye, the self-styled named, Jata Varled, reportedly
appeared on the partisan list of the Unity Party from Lofa County, which

was submitted to the Special Elections Commission. He said the impersonator
was also among some members of the Unity Party who were arrested last month
in Lofa County.

He said investigations conducted by the Immigration Bureau revealed that the
Sierra Leonean obtained the voters' registration card in Lofa County from an
undisclosed source, while the Guinean national was reported to have purchased
his card from a local chief there at ten dollars.

Commissioner Taye said the voters' registration cards were given to the two
aliens for them to vote during the forthcoming general elections.

However, in an interview with the two detainees, they denied being aliens.

Tarawalli claimed to be Mandingo by tribe and a father of 14 children resid-
ing in a town in Voinjama, Lofa County. He said he has been doing business
in and out of Liberia, while Kamara also claimed to be a Liberian, who left
here and joined the Guinean army several years ago. He said he has two
children and an extended family in a remote village in Lofa County.

Meanwhile, Commissioner Taye has cautioned all aliens residing within Liberian

borders to desist from falsifying Liberian citizenship, and noted that only
Liberians have the right to vote in the forth-coming general elections.

44


cso:

Sung to Dr. Doe, and
pointed out that in
spite of the “geogra-
Phical distance be-
tween Korea and Li-
beria, their two peo-
ples were interlink-
ed by the firm bonds
of friendship for
their common struggle
to build a new socie-
ty against colonialism
and racism."

The Korean Diplomat
then praised Dr. Doe's
leadership and said
that under his admi-
nistration, the peo-
ple of Liberia have
scored great succes-

34.00/28

48

ses in the struggle
to consolidate na-
tional independence,
ensure the independent
development: of the
country and build a
new society, breaking
through all sorts of
difficulties standing
in the way of advance-
ment.

Ambassador Kim then
Pledged to “make all
efforts to further
expand and develop the
friendly and coopera-
tive relations formed
between the Korean and
the Liberian people
in various fields.*


JPRS*SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CHIBABAVA DISTRICT PREPARES TO SOLVE MAJOR PROBLEMS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Sep 85 p 5

[fext] Chibabava, a district in the province of Sofala,
has displayed great interest in solving the serious
problems that beset the country, The territorial plan,
which has just been approved, indicates the main directions
to be pursued in 1986,° It is a plan that covers the areas
of defense, economy, organization and mobilization, educa-
tion and culture, construction. and water supply, agriculture
and health, among other things. A joint meeting of the
committee and the district assembly in Chibabava outlined
what the future will be like in this part of the country.
Our report Jorge Morais was there and here is his story.

More than five tasks were included in the plan of the Chibabava district
government: Sale of farm products and supplies for the people, transportation,
investments, food supplies, and labor foree--actions which the state proposes
to carry out and which were also approved,

The recent approval of the plans of the party and the government in Chibabava
was the high point of a series of activities which, for about 15 days, in-
volved workers, party and government officials, members’ of democratic mass
organizations as well as personnel of the defense and security forces, The
idea was, on the basis of data collected in the field from the people, to
conduct a survey that would make it possible to draft and then to’ approve
PEC/86 [expansion unknown].

Mateus Ressai Saide, the first secretary and administrator of the district of
Chibabava, in Sofala, said, in drafting the final considerations, that the
plan by itself constitutes a law that has to be carried out, He warned
officials that, if they fail to carry the plan out without: giving acceptable
reasons, they would be punished severely,

Both the party and the government are concentrating major attention on acti-
vities relating to the defense of the homeland, the fight against hunger and
exposure,

77



JPRS+SSA+85+100
17 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

ACCORD WITH ZAMBIA TERMINATES SALE OF POWER BY CAPCO
Harare THE HERALD in English 17 Sep 85 p 1

[Text]. The Central African Power Corporation stop operation as a commercial
undertaking in Zimbabwe and will be renamed the Zambezi Water Authority
following an agreement signed between Zambia and Zimbabwe last week.

Addressing a Press conference in Harare yesterday, the Minister of Energy,
Water Resources and Development, Cde Kumbirai Kangai, said Capco would
now only maintain and service loans for Kariba.

"In the past Capco used to sell electricity to the municipalities of Harare
and Bulawayo, but now it will confine itself to the maintenance of Kariba
Dam."

The Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority would be responsible for the
supply of power in Zimbabwe.

Capco ceased operating as a commercial undertaking in Zambia in 1977
and "we feel it is logical that it also ceases to operate commercially in
Zimbabwe."

Cde Kangai said the meeting, which ended on Friday, also agreed that
projects undertaken by Capco would continue to be funded until they were
completed.

The northern bank of the Zambezi would eventually become 100 percent
Zambian property and the hydro-electric scheme on the southern bank would
fall under Zimbabwe.

Cdé Kangai said the four units at the Hwange Thermal Power Station would
be working by March next year and this would help reduce the electricity
import bill.

Zimbabwe was also undertaking a massive, multi-million dollar power
generation programme south of Kariba which would be completed by 1992.

"My ministry is also examining small-scale projects inside Zimbabwe with

a view to providing power to between 50 and 100 families in several areas,"
Cde Kangai said.

cso: 3400/14

139



Over the past five years the Government had adopted pragmatic policies with
regard to agriculture, health education and community development. It

had also adopted a realistic pricing policy in agriculture which induced
farmers to produce sufficient food for local consumption as wellas for
export.

In mining the Government had supported the industry through trying times
and had guaranteed the gold producers price of $500 an ounce although
the current price was about $290 an-ounce.

Millions

"In the manufacturing field a number of new projects worth millions of
dollars have been approved and old equipment and machinery had been
and continued to be replaced.

"This is where the economic committee in the Politburo,. of which I am
chairman, comes in."

He said membership of the committee involved ministries of transport,
mines, industry, technology, national supplies, trade and commerce,
finance, economic planning and development, agriculture, energy and water
resources, information, posts and telecommunications.

Functions of the committee were to initiate and formulate economic plans
and policies, monitor progress on project implementation and coordinate
Government programmes,

There were two subcommittees charged with specific matters and these could
co-opt specialists like permanent secretaries from ministries, because
they were in the best position to furnish data on which policy decisions
were taken.

The committee had already started analysing various issues relating to

the economy on the report presented to Zanu (PF)'s second congress by the
first secretary and president of the party, Cde Mugabe, and the resolutions
made at the end of that congress with a view to working programmes of
action for the various ministries to implement.

CSO: 3400/8

132


some member states out of their estival torpor vis-a-vis the office.
Meanwhile, though, Captain Kouassi, in closing the meeting, called on all
member states to put some real will and muscle, each at its own level, to
overcome the roadblocks that hamper our zone's liaison office, and thereby to
make it work more effectively.

Let's hope that this appeal will summon forth favorable echoes in all
countries concerned, so that Lome 86 will be a resounding success.

6182

CSO: 3419/535

10


Co-operative training would be intensified from national to the district
and village level through field courses, workshops and demonstrations.
Training facilities, including the construction of a fully-fledged co- .
operative college as found in a number of countries, were being considered.

A system of registration was being drawn up aimed at avoiding excessive
delays in the processing of leans and at the same time capable of screening
bogus co-operative groups, There would be an information system beginning
with a news bulletin/news letter and gradually developing into a co-
operative magazine/journal.

Sound security for co-operative members and property through a group
co-operative insurance system that could eventually link up with trade
union insurance would be introduced. There would be regular and well-
organised meetings with development ministries and non-government
organisations to discuss co-operative development plans, problems and
constant reviewing and refinement of policies.

Cde Nyagumbo said the Government planned introducing or offering incentives
for co-operative development. Before introducing or offering the incentives,
the Government would ensure that groups entered into co-operative enter-
prises or ventures with the right orientation for co-operative activity.

"As soon as this is ensured such groups will be provided with essential
financial assistance; continuous training and education and basic support
services in terms of marketing inputs or hardware, legal and technical
support."

The Government was working out a special loan system for co-operatives
based on low interest rates and covering not only short-term but medium-
and long-term loans as well. Vigorous co-operative development and co-
ordination programmes along socialist lines would be the main thrust.

Cde Nyagumbo stressed that the objectives of the co-operatives should be
to relieve the nation of the increasing problems of unemployment by
encouraging the vast masses of the population to create jobs for
themselves and not to wait for workplaces to be established for them by
a few individuals with personal interests. "This outlook creates the
spirit of self-reliance."

Co-operative jobs should be based on the skills within the reach of the
participants. This would facilitate effective decision-making, control
and planning by the beneficiaries.

The current exercise was aimed at consolidating the existing political,

administrative and development structures at village, ward, district,
provincial and national level by promoting grassroots projects,

134


Foreign Policy

Foreign relations now
embrace many significant
phases of our national
life, The international

influence of Liberia has .

long been well es-
tablished, The National
Democratic Party of Libe-
ria is purposed to labor
vigorously to make it
greater with new respon-
sibilities,

Employment

To ensure effective and
efficient administration,
it shall be the. policy
of the National Democra-
tic Party of Liberia to
encourage maximum employ~
ment of qualified citi=
zens, In so doing, the
National Democratic Party
of Liberia shall uphold
and improve the Liberia-
nization Policy.

The Family and Private Property

The social and politi-

cal fundarental unit of:

the Republic has and will
continue’ to be the
family, It is from the
family that our children

are nurtured into matu- -

rity; it-is in the family
that our. spiritual and

cultural heritage are»

perpetuated and our tra-
dition preserved. It
shall be therefore the

policy of the Nationai
Democratic Party of Libe-

ria that the family will
never be jeopardized or
destroyed; and we affirm
our determination to pro-
tect, secure, and pre-
serve family life.

52

The right to private
property will always be
respected and will re-
main sacred, Private
ownership is the corner-
stone of our Liberty;
without it our free en-
terprise system cannot
successfully endure,

We shall protect the

sacredness of property

ownership and will do all
that is necessary to as-
sist Liberians to share
in the ownership of the
wealth of our nation.

Policy of Dishonesty

‘As governments’ are as-
sailable by dishonest
practices, the National
Democratic Party of Libe-
ria shall vigilantly seek
and weed out dishonest
elements unworthy of the
confidence reposed in
them, In so doing, a code
of ethics will be de-
signed to regulate the
conduct of public offi-
cials, It shall also be
the policy of the Party
to create an honest so-
ciety,

National Defense

We shall regard our
soldiers as a solid pil-
lar of our nation, Their
mission is ahd always
will be to defend our na-

tional independence and
territorial integrity.

We are committed to im-
proving the organization
of our Armed Forces and
to ensure the well-being
of all their personnel,
in particular, the condi-
tions of the conscripted
ranks.


NIGERIA

Fall of the Kaduna Mafia Documented
(TALKING DRUMS, 16 Sep 85) cscccccceccccccccssecececeeece

Caution Urged in IMF Negotiations
(Maigani; TALKING DRUMS, 9 Sep 85) ..cccscseccccccccceees

Briefs
Principal Staff Officer Appointed

SOUTH AFRICA

German Opinion Leader Pessimistic on Resolution of Crisis
(Marion Doenhoff; DIE ZEIT, 6 Sep 85) ...cccccscccccesees

Transvaal Congress Delegate. Criticizes Blacks
(DIE BURGER, 21 Aug 85) ...cccccseeecccscccceccccceceece

Blacks Expected To Suffer Most From Boycott of White Stores
(DIE BURGER, 21 Aug 85) .cecececccceccececcecuceccecevces

Black Businesses Seek Cash Relief After Unrest
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Sep 85) Dee e ec eee cece ee een een e en eene

SOWETAN Request To See Mandela Turned Down
(BUSINESS DAY, 18 Sep 85) See eee eee reece eres ren eeeeeenee

Possible Split Within Government Over Nkomati
(Paul Bell; BUSINESS DAY, 20 Sep 85) scecsscccccscecsecee

UK May Have Breached Arms Embargo
(BUSINESS DAY, 20 Sep 85) ....seececceccceccccccceeeeeees

Black Teachers' Lives Increasingly Endangered
(Susan Pleming; THE STAR, 18 Sep 85) ......sceececeuceeee

Police URGED To Stay Away From Political Funerals
(SOWETAN, 20 Sep 85) .iccccsseccccececcceececeeeecceeeans

Afrikaners Encouraged To Fight Rather Than Flee
(DIE AFRIKANER, 21 Aug 85) ...ccccececceeeeecceeeecteeaes

Rightists Want Equal Representation in SABC Programming
(DIE AFRIKANER, 21 Aug 85) iccscccceceecsccccscccccececes

Government Employees Lose 25 Percent of Income to Inflation
(DIE AFRIKANER, 21 Aug 85) ..cccccececceccccecvcucseceeee

Government Privatization Plan Announced
(THE CITIZEN, 21 Sep 85) ieececcccccececcecnccececcececes

-~d-

87

91

93

94

97

98

100

101

102

104

105

106

108

110

112

114


JPRS*SSA¥85=100
17 October 1985

LIBERIA

SACKOR URGES RADIO TO AIR MORE LOCAL NEWS

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 10 Sep 85 p 8

[Text] Internal Affairs Mi- He said even though
nister Col. Edward kK, Liberians want to know
Sackor has suggested about events beyond
that more air time be “our" borders, it waS
alloted; to local news necessary that the
stories on the nation- masses who are tax-
al radio, ELBC. payers are informed of

He said at a time development programs
when the nation was in their respective
moving towards civi- areas.
lian ‘rule, the people Minister Sackor then
of Liberia should be suggested that ten mi-
adequately informed nutes be devoted tc
about events in the local news, if daily
country. events in the country

Speaking to the Li- are to be fully pu-
beria News Agency Sun- blicised, He also sug-
day at his Paynesville gested that programs
residence, Col, Sackor on ELBC radio be up-
observed that only graded, -- LINA
five minutes is allo-
ited to local news
stories, while ten mi-

‘mutes is  qiven to
foreign news on ELBC's
news casts,

cso: 3400/61

69



The Date Palm, a Desert Tree

Tree planting is still a poor relation in Djibouti agriculture, but it will
not be so for long. The strategy of the next 5 years (1985-90) involves
spreading "oasis" agriculture with the date palm as its mainstay. This tree
is the object of a timely choice that represents the government's inten-
tion to work toward improving the people's living standards.

Planting the date palm offers precious advantages both in the campaign for
self-sufficiency in food and against desertification.

The date has very high energy value and is a valuable food for people
generally and nomads in particular. A kilo of dates supplies the equivalent
of one person's daily calorie requirements. Moreover, the date palm pro-
vides raw materials for local artisans, and nomads can benefit greatly

from them.

The shade of the palm grove allows the development of other crops, espe-
cially vegetables, fruit trees and fodder.

The palm also is part of the campaign against desertification, because it
produces substitutes for harvests that have traditionally caused considerable
environmental damage.

Despite its considerable advantages, the date palm has hitherto been cul-
tivated in an archaic manner except on the Tadjourah coastal plain, where
it is again being cultivated extensively (see "The Dates of Ambabo" in LA
NATION 27 June 1985) and in existing experimental groves, where a new
technique of cultivation is being tried. The date palm is the prime desert
tree and is very well adapted to this country's severe climate. That is
one more reason to make date-palm cultivation a top priority.

Let us mention, finally, the recent visit of a mission of FAO [Food and
Agriculture Organization, Rome] experts at the invitation of the government.
They studied the state of date palms and made recommendations on its cul-
tivation. This mission included Dr Mohamed Khiri, director of the FAO
regional center for the date palm in North Africa and the Near East, and

Dr Hassan Shabana, director of the National Date Palm Center in Iraq.

They toured the Djibouti and Tadjourah coastal plains and the other dis-
tricts of the interior.

8782
CSO: 3419/552a

24



CSO:

3400/61

When the National
Bank of Liberia (NBL)
was contacted for com-
ments, officials there
admitted that the
country is facing a!
serious liquidity
crisis.

An NBL official bla-
med the present situa-
tion on the inconver~
tibility of the Libe-
rian coins, capital
flight and the deple-
tion of bank balances

abroad.
The official said

the NBL had recently
assisted local -banks
in transferring needed
cash abroad but was
finding it difficult
to further do so as
its own, accounts
abroad are "very low".

The official said
the worsening liquidi-
ty position of the
country has been
aggravated by the In-
ternational Monetary
Fund's decision not to
assist the country
during the 1985/86ifis~
cal year and the de-
clining demand for Li-
berian's main hard
currency earners, iron
ote. and rubber.

Another NBL official
said the National Bank
will shortly hold
emergency talks with
the commercial banks
in a bid to find solu-
tions to the present
crisis, but it is not
known what prospects
could be expected from
such a meeting.

67



JPRS*SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

"We are fully aware hat a totally functional and competent civil service
system augurs well for the proper implementation of government policies and
programs," he pointed out.

He added that the party believes that a proper civil service system bases
employment on merit factors only, provides opportunities for career advance-
ment on merit factors and bases retirement and pension on these same factors.

It is for these reasons that UP intends to provide the opportunity for such
a merit-oriented civil service system to grow and flourish in Liberia by the
enactment of appropriate legislation, Dr. Kesselly said.

On foreign policy, Dr. Kesselly pointed out that the party intends to enhance
Liberia's relations with all friendly peoples.

LAP Wants Government of National Unity
Monrovia FOOTPRINTS in English 5 Sep 85 pp 12, 10

[Text] A government of national unity will be formed by the Liberia Action
Party (LAP) should it win the forthcoming general elections for the Second
Republic, a statement delivered by the party said yesterday.

The statement which was read at a news conference by the Acting Coordinator of
the party, Mr. S, Edgar Sie Badio, noted that such government "will effective-
ly tap the best in our society."

Outlining its administrative policies, the statement said a LAP government will
not dismiss professionals solely because of their support for other political
parties.

IAP will devise and implement training and retaining programs for Army and
security personnel and civil servants, towards supplying the technical and
managerial capacity needed to manage the economy, the statement pointed out.

According to the statement, there will be respect for traditional rulers » and
noted that to this end, chieftancy will be an independent institution in which
no chief elected by his people will be summarily dismissed except by due proc-
ess of law.

Among other things, the statement said that LAP will design a pension scheme
based on actual services rendered, not for political patronage » adding that a
well-designed pension scheme is the only sure guarantee a public servant has
after devoting his useful life to the service of his country.

The statement stated that a IAP administration would ensure that government
officials are easily accessible to the press at all times » and that the press
would also be allowed to public institutions where non-security matters affect-
ing any individual, group of people, or the nation is being discussed or
determined.

60


JPRS*SSA*85=100
17 October 1985

ANGOLA

THREE SENTENCED FOR SPYING FOR SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Sep 85 p 9

[Text] LISBON--An Angolan court has sentenced a Portuguese citizen and
two Angolans to death for spying for South Africa, the Portuguese news
agency, Anop, said yesterday.

Anop, in a dispatch from Luanda quoting the official Angolan news agency,
Angop, said Amilcar Freire (65) an accountant working with a textile
company, and two accomplices were sentenced on Monday. Two more convicted
calloborators received prison terms of 17 and 13 years.

Freire was found guilty of running a spy ring in Angola over the past two
years and of passing military and economic information gathered by his
accomplices to the South African Secret Services, Anop quoted the Angolan
agency as saying.

The two Angolans sentenced to death with him were named as Francisco
Barata (61), a business agent, and Agatao Kamati (24), a soldier in the
Angolan army.

The death sentence was to be carried out by firing squad but the Portuguese
agency did not say when this would be.

In Lisbon, the Angolan rebel organisation Unita (National Union for the
Total Independence of Angola) distributed a statement which accused

Soviet and Cuban pilots aiding government forces of bombing rebel-held
areas with Napalm.~~Sapa-Reuter.

cso: 3400/14

17



JPRS*SSA4854100
17 October 1985

GHANA

CONSULTANTS ORDER DISMISSALS IN COCOA BOARD
London TALKING DRUMS in English 9 Sep 85 p 9

[Brticle by Poku Adaa7

Lrext]

Peat, Marwick and Mitchell, described
as World Bank Consultants, have
completed their Management Study of
the Ghana Cocoa Board, the central
government agency for overseeing the
production and marketing of cocoa,
the country’s major cash crop and the
number one foreign exchange earner.

According to reliable sources close
to the Public Relations Department of
the Board in Accra, the staff levels
have been reduced to such a point that
effective functioning of the board is
being impaired as those workers still at
post are anxious and jittery because
no one knows when the axe will fall on
him. Most of them are reported to be
resigning to pre-empt their offical dis-
missals.

All the divisions of the Board,
namely, the Head Office Staff, the
Produce Buying Company Ltd, the
Cocoa Services Division, the Cocoa
Marketing Division, the Cocoa
Research Unit and the Cocoa
Processing Factories are all being sub-
jected to the retrenchment exercise.

Of the 19,000 workers affected it is
estimated by the Legal Department of
the Board that about seventy per cent
will be junior staff status. Already the
first batch of 460 senior staff personnel
have been laid off. The official govern-
ment reason for approving the consult-
ants’ recommendation appear to be
that the Cocoa Board needs to be ‘re-
structured’ to ensure high production
and viability in the industry.

34

The Trades Union Congress have
apparently sanctioned the dismissal.
When contacted an official of the In-
dustrial and Commercial Workers
Union declined to comment. The Im-
plementation and Monitoring Commit-
tee of the Board appointed by the
PNDC to weild the axe is hell bent to
carry out the exercise to its logical con-
clusion. The head of the Committee,
Fit-Lt. Atiemo, has started to
distribute ‘termination of employment’
letters to workers to quit the company
as from October 31, 1985.

The Director of Peat, Marwick &
Mitchell, Mr Leslie Zurich, is reported
to have said “‘the pruning exercise is
going on fine and it shows considerable
Progress is being made and we are
confident of achieving our objectives
in a short time, latest by the end of
1986”’. The worst aspect of this
exercise is that another British
consulting team, ULG Consultants,
have been given a contract worth an
undisclosed sum, believed to he

.tunning into millions of dollars, to

“help farmers’, though in what way
remains unclear. Mr Zurich has
admitted publicly that the redundancy
package is costing the Ghana
government about $40 million.

The ‘‘restructuring”” of the Cocoa
Board is being financed from a World
Bank Loan of US$193 million granted
through the International Develop-
ment Association. The strategy of
using foreign experts in an indigenous


and exploitative, Through
tax measures and other
reasonable incentives,
the private sector will
be given all encourage-
for expansion and-
improvement to accommo-
date intensification of

ment

its efforts and role for _

sustained national econo-
mic growth, .It shall be
the policy of the Na-
tional Democratic Party
of Liberia to encourage
desirous Liberians to en-
gage into meaningful bu-
siness enterprises,

Government Finance

As government's fiscal
situation is characte-
rized by a serious imba-
lance between revenue and
expenditure primarily re-
sulting from world-wide
economic recession, com-:
pounded by heavy , debt-j{
servicing burden, effec-
tive measures will be te-|
ken to strengthen govern-
ment's financial future, '
Concurrently, systematic
and concerted efforts
will be made to prune re-
current expenditure with
a view of balancing the;
nation's account,

Reforms will be made
in the banking system
with the objective of in-
creasing saving mobili-
zation and ensuring allo~
cation .of scarce resoure
ces for productive pur-
poses, .

Education

The Party subscribes
to the notion: that in-
vestment in the human re-
sources of a country is
a sure way towards in-
dustrialization and eco-
nomic independence,

Recognizing that pri-
mary education yields the
highest rate of return
on investment relative
to the higher levels of
education, and that in-
crease in productivity
for the . largest wage- ©
earning sector of the
country depends on the
acquisition of basic edu-
cation, the Party sub-
scribes to the expansion
of access in order to
place primary-school edu-
cation within easy reach
of the Liberian school-
age population, The Party
will also continue to ex-
pand access in secondary
schools and institutions
of higher education, The
Party pledges to strive
for improvement in the
quality of education at
all levels,

The Party espouses
the equitable distri-
bution of educational
facilities on the
basis of: the popula-
tion within the res-
pective geographical
or political

courage the full par-
ticipation of females
in deriving as -much
benefit from the na-
tion's educational in-
stitutions as their
male counterparts.

54

sub-di-;
.visions, and will en-

To attract and re-
tain professionally
qualified and able
staff in the nation's.
schools, the Party
will fully endorse the
gradual introduction
of a graduated salary
scale for teachers at

the earliest opportu-.
nity, consistent with

» the economic resources

4
|

of the nation.

The Party will con-
tinue to support the
awards of scholarships
in institutions of
higher learning in or-
der to build the man-
power required for de-
veloping the nation's
resources.

Information and
Communication

The National Demo-
cratic Party of Libe-
ria commits itself to
the principle of free
flow of information
and freedom of the
press. Because an ade-
quate communication
system is a necessity
in a developing coun-
try as: Liberia, the
Party favours the es-
tablishment of a
nation-wide program
of media development
to link all parts of
our country. We will
support the develop-
ment of international
communication system. :


ahead of time. Catechism instruction is not to be disturbed. Sick visits by
clergy are forbidden except to administer final rites or take confessions.
Churches that wish to change their liturgy must notify the interior minister
at least a month in advance. If a church wants to display a symbol or statue
in a public place it must receive prior permission. Finally, graveyards must
be open to all believers regardless of their race or denomination.

The only church newspaper in Burundi was banned shortly after the November
1976 putsch. Schools, including the Jesuit college in Bujumbura, were
nationalized and their directors, often priests and nuns, replaced with lay-
persons. Religious instruction was shortened. In June 1976, 70 missionaries
were expelled (personal animosities of village politicians played a role) and
in the following 2 years almost a third of the foreign missionaries were
expelled. Later there were fewer expulsions but residence permits were not
extended nor new entry permits issued. There are still five missionaries for
every one indigenous priest in the former German colony. Those expelled
included many Belgians, several Italians and Frenchmen, but no Germans--
apparently because the German ambassador indicated that German development aid
could be reduced if Germans were expelled. In addition, the 30-40 German
missionaries and nuns appear to have become better integrated into Burundi
society than other foreigners.

These measures seem to be aimed more at the influence of foreign missionaries,
particularly the older ones, than at the church itself. These missionaries
used to represent the interests of the Belgian colonial power, which took over
administration of the region from Germany. During the Belgian colonial period,
Blacks were forbidden to attend secondary schools or universities, even abroad.
The prohibition was strictly adhered to by the church and the effects of this
policy continue to influence the ruling class, whose members received higher
education either after independence or secretly in French-speaking countries
abroad. During this period, therefore, training of native clergy was not
undertaken, and it was also neglected following independence. The establish-
ment of secondary schools by Jesuits and the German Pallottine Order was only
grudgingly tolerated by the Belgian missionaries and the Papal legate in
Bujumbura. It is not surprising, therefore, that the new nation, proud of

its independence, decided to end the primacy of the church in the educational
sector, even though the church was heavily involved in primary education.
Bagaza's goal of literacy for all youth has largely been accomplished. The
instruction program is now determined by the state.

A further factor that has led to restrictions on the church and threatens its
role is linked to the ethnic structure of the population. Through a cleverly
contrived examiniation system, the Tutski, who make up about 15 percent of

the population, are favored in education--admission exams to secondary schools
are given in French. The Tutsi, who dominate in the army and government,
speak French at home more frequently than do the Hutu (who make up 85 percent
of the population). In 1972 the Tutsi minority killed of 80,000-300,000 Hutus
(the latter figure is one-tenth of the total population). The elite, in
particular, were targeted in this violence. President Bagaza is attempting
to achieve a better balance between the two groups--which is resented by the
conservative Tutsi in the government and army. Neither the Hutus nor the Tutsi

20



JPRS*SSA=85~100
17 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

93 DEFECT TO ZANU (PF) IN GWERU--Ninety-three members of minority parties
have defected to join ZANU (PF) in Gweru. Welcoming the new members at a
rally held at Mkoba Secondary School on Sunday, the Zanu (PF) provincial
political commissar for the Midlands and Member of Parliament for Gweru
Rural, Cde Earnest Tongogara, said minority party members should not be
harassed to join the ruling party. They should instead be persuaded it
was in their interest to join Zanu (PF) because they did not have repre-
sentation on local authorities in the province nor in Parliament, [Text]
[Harare THE HERALD in English 17 Sep 85 p 3]

END

141



JPRS=SSA+8 5100
17 October 1985

NIGERTA

FALL OF THE KADUNA MAFIA DOCUMENTED
London TALKING DRUMS in English 16 Sep 85 pp 14, 15

[Bext7 Tuesday, 27 August 1985 is a date that is likely to prove very signif-
icant to Nigerians in more than one respect. First, it was on that day that
the tyrant fell. Second, it was the day that signalled the possible dowfall
of that group of people always reputed to be behind the throne in Nigeria

for many years -- the Kaduna Mafia.

About the fall of Major General "Dan Buzu," we shall have plenty of time to
talk about that, the world will come to know the crook and terrorist that
Buhari was.

Today we examine the Kaduna
Mafia — Buhari’s private Councillors.
First, who are they? They are an
amorphous group of pretenders who
survive only on their ability to cling to
whoever is in power until they suck him more or less Murtala’s boy and he it
dry and he drops dead. was who spearheaded the coup d’etat

The first time they came into the that toppled General Gowon and
limelight. was during Obasanjo’s brought Murtala to Nigeria’s Military
regime. General Murtala Mohammed throne. Hence the choice of Shehu
knew them so well and did not allow Yar’ Adua to the exalted position of
them to come near him. He had the Chief of Staff, a consolation to the
greatest contempt for them. Hausa Moslems from where

With the assassination of General assassinated Murtala Mohammed
Murtala Muhammed, General hailed.

Obasanjo took over as Head of State.

Shehu Musa Yar’ Adua, then a
Brigadier, later promoted to Major
General, was appointed as Chief of
Staff, Supreme Headquarters. Major
General (rtd.) Shehu Yar’ Adua was

Shehu Yar' Adua immediately saw himself as a representative of the Hausa
Moslems and a defender of their interest, by his ow interpretation. He
quickly gathered around him some people on whom he believed he could absolutely
rely and so guarantee to General Obasanjo the loyalty of the North. With
General T. Y, Danjuma as a minority Christian from Wukeri » then part of Benue,
the arrangement to ensure Northern loyalty seemed complete.

The people that Shehu Yar’ Adua

collected around him were: Mamman
Daura who was his good friend and
kinsman, both having hailed from the
Katsina/Daura locality. Mamman
Daura then invited and introduced

87

Adamu Ciroma who was his predeces-
sor as Editor of the New Nigerian. Of
course, Mamman Daura remained
eternally grateful to Adamu Ciroma
who, after retiring from New Nigerian
Newspapers put in a good word for his


advisers are dragging their feet about taking the necessary mea-
sures, there is a real possibility that the problem will grow.

In practice, it does not help much to have the same number of mi-
nisters; corporate directors, or ambassadors from each ethnic
group. Besides, the mistake made in the 18 December reshuffle was
to distribute the ministerial portfolios on that basis; the Sous-
Sous got Diplomacy, the Peulhs got Social. Welfare and Health, the
Malinkes got Education and the Economy, and the Forest People got
Mines and Energy.

This is no time for such ethnic distribution. It is no time, ei-
ther, for sentimentality (everybody finds a job for his cousin,
his brother...). Economic recovery can come only through the work
of patriots who have one single concern: the national commonweal.
Tf the next round of changes is not governed by realism, if it
does not give responsibility to men who are willing to work hard,
it is a good bet that our wanderings in the desert will continue.

President Lansana Conte is still very popular, even if the cost of
living is rapidly nearing the impossible, what with prices these
days, but the people do not understand some of Conte's positions,
which they find "confused." In June, for instance, he was calling
on civil service executives to encourage the good workers so that
they could make ends meet at month's end. A lot of people saw this
as "putting the official stamp of approval on favoritism, theft,
and corruption." No sooner had the word gone out than the state
warehouses, where the army had been ordered to straighten things
out, saw a wholesale return to dubious practices. One sign was

the rate at which the price of rice soared from 3,000 to 7,000 sylis.

That decision by Lansana Conte worked a hardship on teachers, whose
only "bargaining-chip" is their pupils. It was also a measure that
hurt the private-sector workers who complain that their salaries,
which come into Guinea in hard currency, are paid them at the of-
ficial exchange rate of 27 sylis to the dollar.

41



"The number of 50 wells for this.year will not be attained for reasons of a
technical nature, in other words, the shortage of construction materials

such as cement, bricks, and iron," as was emphasized by the official in charge
of the support and: expansion [as published] sector of the DPC [directorate

of construction and water supply].

Activities Carried Out in Sector

Between 1975 and 1985, more than 300 wells and‘ about 129 drillholes to tap
underground water constructed in the province of Gaza; most of the work was
done in Manjacaze, Massingir, Guija, Chibute, Bilene, Chokwe, and Xai-~Xai,
according to Constantino Machatine, who reviewed the achievements of the past
10 years. He added that the wells or drillholes that need’ restoration are
fundamentally those which, because of the drought and the deterioration of
the subsoil require restoration work and sometimes even the construction of
new infrastructures. According to Constantino Machatine, this situation is
encountered frequently in the towns of Zongoene, Mangol, Tomanine, Mpelane,
and Chate, totalling about 12 drillholes, particularly in the districts of
Xai-Xai, Bilene, Guija, and Chokwe.

5058
CSO: 3442/404

82



JPRS#“SSA*85~100
17 October 1985

LIBERTA

UP PLEDGES TO SCRUTINIZE EDUCATION
PARTY PLATFORMS VIEWED
Monrovia FOOTPRINTS in English 2 Sep 85 p 12

[Bext7 A thorough scrutiny of the present educational system will be under-
taken by a "Unity Party government" to discover the structural, basic under-
lying problems with a view to halting further deterioration, the Presidential
Candidate of UP, Dr. Edward B. Kesselly said last Wednesday.

Delivering a post-nomination speech at the Administration Building in Gbarnga,
Bong County, Dr. Kesselly observed that hardly anyone can be satisfied with
the state of affairs under the present educational system with so many students
failing national examinations yearly.

He noted that the educational system under a UP government will be based within
the commnity, responsive to the needs of the community in particular and the
nation in general.

Scholarships, he continued, will be based on merits and national priorities
"not nepotism, favoritism and the like."

The schools will become real centers of learning and achievement not just

places for "marking time," he said, pointing out that diplomas and degrees
will signify particular achievement, not just for paper denoting classroom
attendance. ces

Dr. Kesselly stated that teachers will be placed on a career structure with
requisite salary incentives and training opportunities.

He noted that UP will strive to ensure opportunities for training and self-
development of teachers adding "for the most modern facility is nothing with-
out disciplined, well-trained teachers."

Dr. Kesselly pointed out that the party will seek to ensure a "first rate
and functional civil service" in Liberia, free of politicel manipulation.

He said such civil service will be one that is career-oriented where civil
servants may serve without fear of political harassment and intimidation.

59


JPRS+SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BIOGAS PRODUCTION PILOT PROJECT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Aug 85 (FACIM SUPPL) p 1

[Text] The first pilot installation for the production of biogas planned and
built entirely in Mozambique using duck manure is on display at FACIM/85
[expansion unknown] in the national pavilion of COMEL (Machine-Building and
Electric Power Enterprise) with headquarters in the capital,

This pilot plant is the result of laboratory research done over the past 8
months by the Mozambican chemical engineer by the name of Henrique Lopes.

Future plans call for extending this experiment to areas where beef cattle
and hogs are being raised as well ‘as to poultry farming in general; the idea
of using garbage collected in the city by the executive council. for the pro-
duction of biogas in the future has likewise not been ruled out.

Project's Importance

Biogas is a mixture of methane (CH,) and carbon dioxide (CO,), used in generat-
ing electric energy and also as a Source of thermal energy for cooking. It is
also used in many countries to replace gasoline and diesel fuel for farm
tractors and automotive vehicles,

This pilot plant, which is about 2 cubic meters large, is a continuous bio-
digestor which operates at a temperature of .35 degrees; it is made up of
temperature and pressure regulating systems, a gas tank where the gas is
stored, and systems for controlling the level of gas produced as well as
safety systems,

The only raw material used in producing biogas in this plant is the manure
(excrement) of ducks. Right now, the gas produced here is being used for
cooking purposes,

As engineer Henrique Lopes, the author of the study, explained, the manure
used is the final residue which, resulting from the digestion of material
for the production of biogas, is today considered to be an excellent manure
[as published],

83



JPRS+SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

RACE RELATIONS 'NO 1 PROBLEM'--The deteriorating state of race relations has
been statistically proven to be the country's prime headache, according to

a report from Market Research Africa (MRA). It has taken over from inflation
as the main concern of whites, with two in every five white urban adults now
regarding race relations as the number one problem. The findings come from
MRA's monthly White Omnijet Surveys for July 1984 and 1985, in which 1,000
adults were polled nationwide. In Natal, 49% of respondents expressed concern
over race relations, followed by 46% in the Cape. Transvaal residents were
least concerned, with only 34% expressing alarm. English speakers (43%) were
more worried about race relations than Afrikaners (37%), but Afrikaners show-
ed more concern about unemployment (19%) than their English counterparts
(11%). In July 1984, only 2% of white adults expressed concern about law
and order and riots, but the 1985 figure jumped to 13% this year. Concern
over inflation, voted to number one spot by 28% of respondents last year,
dropped to 9% this July. [Text] . [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English

20 Sep 85 p 9]

cso: 3400/25

118


president's estate (leaving with a lucrative post or ministerial office, the
two often being identical)? Thus it was of the group of "the 13" deputies be-_
longing to the former UDPS (Union for Democracy and Social Progress), whose
last seven "recalcitrants" who had been placed under house arrest were "par-
doned" 2 weeks ago by President Mobutu.

Like the Bamilekes in Cameroon, the Kasai constitute a state within a state.
More educated than the others, for historical reasons, and naturally rebellious,
they occupy many posts in the machinery of the country's economic and social
life. “If they wanted," one minister admits, "they could constitute a coali-
tion to paralyze the country." While distrusting the Baloubas (one of the

main ethnic groups of the Kasai), President Mobutu is forced to get along with
them and, in general, to take certain balances and pressure groups into ac-
count, whether they be of ethnic, economic or religious origin. For example,
the Catholic lobby plays an important role in the Central Committee.

There are, in fact, several circles in the entourage of the chief of state, but
it is nearly impossible to know who plays a preponderant role. The mestizos. ~-
Kengo Wa Dongo, Seti, presidential security adviser, and Mbemba, president of
ANEZA (Zairian employers), in particular -- also exercise real influence,

like the people of the Equator (the region from which the president comes) ,
whose presence in spheres of power and the army is important, although one
cannot thereby condemn Mobutu for being exaggeratedly tribalistic.

"Divide and conquer" has always been the governing principle of Marshal Mobutu.
To date, the tactic has worked fairly well, if one excepts the "eternal" problem
of the Shaba which, by periodically coming back into the limelight, helps

build the image of Zaire's instability. In November, the sudden revolt of Moba
on the banks of Lake Tanganyika reminded one that vast areas of the country
escape the control of the central government (LE MONDE, 17 May). Anyone trying
to stir up trouble in Zaire will first of all go after the "soft underbelly,"
Shaba. Although essentially found in Angola and Zambia, the former "Katangan
gendarmes" or their sons may constitute a potential mass to work with, despite
the security and defense agreement signed on 9 February between Angola and
Zaire. Furthermore, even less than President Mobutu, President Dos Santos
cannot control his territory. In order to try to prevent sporadic disturbances,
a military intelligence and action department was set up, aimed at countering
subversion and with competence extending beyond the national border.

Elite Units

These upheavals in the southern region of the "empire" led the chief of state
to amass troops in Shaba, particularly since the events in Kolwezi in May 1978,
which helps stir up latent opposition to the central government. Regarding
security, Mobutu has surrounded himself with the best experts. For example,
the fact that he is himself lightly protected shows that, in Kinshasa at least,
he has little to fear. The BSP, that veritable pretorian guard of the regime,
has 2,500 men well trained and officered by Israeli military advisers. It
"holds" the capital. The AND (National Documentation Agency), the political
police of sinister reputation under Seti, but especially, the chief of state
himself, keeps watch over the population. Commanded by Citizen Ngbanda, former

121


[Question/ What was the reaction of colonel Menghistu's regime to your
election to cardinal and what’ kind of relations do you have with the
government?

J/answer/ I received the congratulations of the government, although
somewhat late...I think that they understood the importance of this
event for the history of the country. I cannot speak of relations with
the regime, but rather of coexistence. We follow our own course, the
government follows its.

JQuestion/ Even during the present crisis?..

JAnswer/ Of course some contacts have been made. The regime set in place
a governmental structure under the leadership of the head of state, made up
of 11 or 12 committees. The church was invited to participate in one of
them.

/Question/ The government is spending millions of dollars on defense.
Do you not think that this is a serious insult to the people undergoing
tremendous hardship?

[Answer] The episcopate is not concerned with what the government spends.
We ignore it. What we are doing is helping the poor people. You, in the
free world, enjoy the freedom to criticize. In our country, instead, the
regime is a communist one, dictatorial: you do not dare to say anything!
Under such circumstances you have to make a choice: speak up and then
leave, or continue to work ignoring what the other side is doing.

[Questions Does the church then ignore the work of the government?

/Adnswer/ It ignores it, not out of fear, but because it has made a
conscious decision, a decision.we made together. We asked ourselves
what we wanted to do under the circumstances. Revolution is revolution:
it will take its course, and we will take ours. For us it is important
to give testimony through our work, to demonstrate our interest to those
who are suffering.

[Question] What is the attitude of the church with regard to the
terrible tragedy in Eritrea, a war that has been going on for 20 years
and has caused thousands of. deaths?

[Answer] The position of the church is that this war ought to stop. The
church expresses itself through its teachings. Intervention, however,
seems somewhat awkward. Intervention would mean recognizing one side and
ignoring the other and vice versa. And this is dangerous. We suffer
with our people, we sympathize with the problem, but we feel it would

be inappropriate to take a position.

{Questions How do you see the future of the Catholic Church in Ethiopia?

28


to mistakes and inadequacies and an inability to escape from petty-
bourgeois impatience in the working out of political tactics.

Many of the mistakes and shortcomings mentioned above can be largely
explained by the particular social and cultural conditions of our struggle.
They were also due, however, to the theoretical and political immaturity of
the leadership at the time and its lack of experience of tasks which our Party
was the first to undertake in this part of the continent. These shortcomings
were undoubtedly connected with the social composition of the Party which
was dominated by petty bourgeois intellectuals and specifically by the
university intelligentsia, who were all the more impatient to obtain power
because they imagined that they were naturally entitled to it in the post-
independence situation.

These mistakes and shortcomings were made worse as we went along by
the violation of Leninist rules for the functioning of the Party, by the cult of
the personality which grew up around the former General Secretary,
Majmouth Diop, by his individualistic style of leadership and finally by the
revisionist ideas which he added, in the course of successive redrafts, to the
Programme of 1962.

” The consequences were not long in becoming apparent. Not only did
these mistakes do great harm to the ideological unity of the Party, but they
also led to actions which were all the more mistaken because they in no way
corresponded to the real situation, When as a result of such actions, the
consequences of which had not been correctly foreseen, repression
descended on the Party, it was only with great difficulty and with heavy losses
that the Party was able to come through.

Armed Struggle

Itwas precisely in this context ofan accumulation of mistakes, political errors
and violations of democratic procedures in decision-making, that the Party
embarked, at the end of 1963, upon a policy ofarmed struggle. This was done
on the basis of hasty conclusions drawn from some outbreaks of Politico-
religious violence, together with the disappointments resulting from the
fraudulent elections of December 1963. ‘This militarist and adventurist
deviation took no account of the forces available to the Party or of the degree
of experience and political consciousness of the masses. It was all the more
blameworthy in that it was never properly discussed. The 24th plenary
session of the Central Committee, which had meta short time before, was not
informed of it. On the contrary, that session took a number of constructive
and realistic decisions on important points which were inconsistent with the
nilitaristic lurch forward in which the Party was suddenly involved. The
bankruptcy of this suicidal policy was made apparent by a qualitative leap in
the degree of repression brought to bear against us, This plunged the Party
into a crisis the results of which had to be endured for a long time.


HARARE BOOMS AS EXPATRIATES RETURN

JPRS“SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (BUSINESS SUPPLEMENT) in English 15 Sep 85 p 8

[Article by: Ciaran Ryan]

[Text] THE property market

cso:

in Zimbabwe is exper-
iencing the biggest
boom since the start of
the bush war in 1972.

Eighteen months ago it
was not uncommon to see ad-
vertisements along the lines:
“To swop — house with half-
acre re plot for’ video cassette
recorder and colour TV set.”

Now it is virtually impossi-
ble to find flats or houses to
rent in Harare because many
Zimbabweans, black and
white, are returning from
South Africa and overseas.
Housing values in Harare
have also been lifted by the
presence of a large diplo-
matic community.

Townhouses

House prices in Harare
have increased by between
30% and 100% in the past two
pears. A four-bedroomed

on a one-acre plot in
Harare’s exclusive suburb of
Quinnington. would have’
fetched 2$30 000 (R46 700 at
an exchange rate of 0,642c to
the rand) two years ago. Now
it is worth more than
7960 000 (R93 400) — if avail-
able.

Townhouses, which are
owned mostly by wealthy
farmers, can ‘sell for up to
Z$100 000 (R155 750). Even a
‘one-bedroomed flat on the
outskirts of Harare’s com-
mercial centre fetches about
2813 000.(R20 250)..

3400/15

Money to lend

Many Zimbabwean house-
owners living in South Africa
were unable to sell their
houses after independence,
but they are now clinging to
their properties in case the

going, gets. tougher “down
- South”.

This has resulted in
shortage of properties.

The property boom has
been aided by building soci-
eties which now have more
money to lend. At an interest
rate of 23% or more, bonds
are still beyond the reach of
most Zimbabweans, but two
years ago they were virtually
impossible to obtain, except
for the wealthy.

Most of Zimbabwe's new
urban development is taking

lace in Harare’s city centre.
lost of it is sponsored by the
Government which continues
to expand the public service
beyond its bloated comple-
ment of 80 000 in an effor
curb unemployment.

Bulawayo

‘The story is not so rosy in
Bulawayo where few devel-
ments are taking place.
re is considerable suspi-
cion that Bulawayo is the tar-
et of Government neglect
cause it is the heartland of.
‘Joshua Nkomo’s opposition
-Zapu party.
: House values are de-
ressed and unemployment.
serious.
i, Zimbabwe's economic
‘boom also appears to have
by-passed many other out-
Jing towns.
e Government has em-

136

+ has been accused

barked on prestige projects
which it hopes will improve
Harare's standing on the in-
ternational conference cir-
cuit, These include the Z$65-
million (R101,2-million)
Sheraton Hotel, being built
by zegrday sompan Ener-
goproj and a giant sports
stadium being built by the
* People’s Republic of China
for an undisclosed sum. |

‘ Foreigners

Zimbabwean builders have

* attacked the Government for

awarding the building con-
tracts for these two projects _

to foreign companies when
domestic industries are beg-
ing for work.

‘The design of the Sheraton
Hotel — owned by the Gov-
ernment but managed by
Sheraton — contravenes
several municipal by-laws,
much to the embarrassment
of the Government, which
of rushing

through approval of the

building plans without doing
its homework.

Building plans for non-
Government projects have
not had the expeditious treat-
ment enjoyed by the Shera-

+ ton and others.


ALIEN INTERFERENCE IN ELECTIONS FEARED

JPRS#=SSA+85+100
17 October 1985

Precautions Against Alien Influx

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 9 Sep 85 p 8

[Article by J. N, Elliott]

[Text]

The Immigration Bu-
reau has’ bégun insti-
tuting ° precautionary
measures at the vari-
ous points of entry
to prevent the .infil-
tration of “undesira-
ble aliens" into. che
country as the October
15 general elections
draw near.

According to Immigra-
tion Commissioner Ed-
win J.Taye, stringent
security. Measures have
been instituted at the
various borders, while
special teams of Im-
migration officers are
to be dispatched short-
ly to the counties to
authenticate the do-
cumentsy of all na-
turalized Liberians.

He told the NEW LI-
BERIAN in an interview
Friday that the mea-
sures were necessary
to ensure that the en-
suing elections are
conducted without any
outside interference,

43

Commissioner Taye
explained that the
bureau has already reb
‘inforced manpower at
ithe borders with Gui-
nea, Sierra Leone and
the Ivory Coast, as
deterrent to “undesi-
rable persons" who,
according to him, are
bend on"creating chaos
and confusion in any

peaceful society such
as ours,*

In addition to: the

increased manpower,
he. said, government
is to provide the

bureau with jeeps to
ensure the effective
monitoring of activi-
ties along the bord-
ers,

He ‘cautioned ammigra-
tion officers assigned
at the borders to be
vigilant and dedica-
ted to their duties,

adding that their fail-
ure to do so will re-
sult in drastic disci-
plinary measures again-

.st them.

LIBERIA



national and social liberation struggle. Under the aegis of Marxism-
Leninism, by inscribing on the same banner the ideals of national
independence and of socialism, Senegalese communists have written
glorious pages in the contemporary history of our country. At a time when
certain men who claim to lead the patriotic struggle try to present us as
“foreign agents”, the following fact needs to be underlined: it was we, the
communists, who were the first to call upon our people to shake offthe yoke of
French colonialism. At a time when the slogan “Independence now” was
considered utopian by many who today present themselves as champions of
nationalism, it was our Party which called upon our people to mobilise and
organise for the reconquest of their freedom and dignity. This is an objective
fact which places us indisputably in the line of defenders of the glorious
African tradition of struggle for freedom and dignity. This is the secret of the
immense prestige which has become attached to the name of our Party.

We have also succeeded, in spite of the winds and tides of neo-colonialist
repression, directed primarily against, us, in ensuring the continuity of
communist activity in our country — a feature now recognised as irreversibly
forming part of the political realities of Senegal. It is for these reasons among
others that we can say that our experience has not been altogether negative,
even though we are still far from having led our people to victory.

The fact remains that from the beginning, our action has suffered from
serious theoretical and practical shortcomings which, under the often
dramatic circumstances of our struggle, have cost us dear. The excessive
generality and schematicism of our initial analysis led us to lose sight of
certain concrete facts of importance to our struggle. The re-reading of the
Manifesto of 1957 and the Programme of 1962 is instructive. The essential
character of that period is not correctly reflected in these documents.
Although we have never ceased to emphasise the importance of the working
class, we have had an abstract and bookish view of it. The concrete realities of
the worker’s life in Senegal escaped us. “Workerist” jargon served us as a
psychological compensation for a lack of real links with the working class.

We have also been very slow to take into consideration the essentially
agrarian character of our country. ‘This led to insufficient attention being
paid to the role of the peasantry in the anti-imperialist struggle and to the lack
of a proper agrarian policy in the Programme of the Party.

On the political level, our actions and positions, seen with hindsight, seem
to have been guided too much by simple agitational ideas. Petty bourgeois
activism and a taste for the spectacular thus took priority over a methodical
and persevering effort to build a credible alternative, capable of mobilising
the masses in the long term. The building of firm organisational bases for the
Party and the strengthening of its ideology by means of consistent work on
the education and training of militants were neglected.

It is equally clear that in our early days, intoxicated by our success in
mobilising for national independence, the Party had no clear idea of the
difficulties which lay ahead and the magnitude of the task we had set
ourselves. On the contrary, as if to reassure itself, the Party tended to
underestimate the capacity for manoeuvre of the new ruling class, the
strength of bourgeois influence over the masses and the influence of
traditional structures on the thought and behaviour of the people. Alll this led



change a system, you have to do a lot better than calling for
new faces.

In Guinea's case, what is needed is not only new men: far more
important is finding people of. integrity who are true patriots.
Unfortunately, it is not easy to decide who is reliable, since
good intentions are often swamped in nepotism and shady deals.

In less than 4 months, our already exorbitant prices have all
but doubled. Officials no longer understand the government's
attitude. The government accuses the merchants, and they come
back with solid arguments in their own defense. When Presi-
dent Conte received them on 25 July, he voiced the hope that
they would make an effort to lower prices "to allow the people
to live" (he ought to have said "to survive").

Whose Fault?
"Whose Fault" is the title ‘of a play staged by the Mamou

. troupe back. in 1983. They say that then-President Sekou Toure
saw it twice before he banned it. The Mamounais' artists
ripped the mask off the practices of the old regime.

Sometime prior to the Diarra coup, the Mamou troupe mounted ano-
ther play, also very critical, about the military government.
First conclusion: "Nothing has changed," except the President's
style and his language. Guinea's biggest problem, after finding
the right men, is to keep functioning as a 3-economy country, with
the state economy (the Ministry of Commerce system that proffers
very competitive prices to a small number of individuals), the
institutionalized economy (the employees of commercial businesses
who sell all their products at triple the priceto merchants),
and the private economy (the notorious black market). Perhaps

it is worth adding that this is the same system you encounter at
the bank: an official rate (27 sylis to the dollar), a parallel
rate suggested for bank employees (between 225 and 275 sylis to
the dollar), and the Black market rate (from 325 to 375 sylis

to the. dollar). :

The Guinean merchants of whom the ehief of state asked a price-
cut explained their problem to him: "The syli is not converti-
ble. And if we are to stock merchandise, we change our currency
on the black market. If the banks can give us the break of the
official exchange rate, our prices will drop painlessly, and
considerably."

General Conte took careful note of this grievance. Pessimism,
however, is spreading through the population: "The president is
going to suggest a fair solution, but his advisers will shoot

it down.. And nothing is going to change."

37



cso:

Natal should get together”
and work out a new con-
stitutional dispensation
for the province with a
place for every group in
it, Dr Jayaram “J. ON’
Reddy, leader of Solidari--
ty, official opposition in

- the House of Delegates,

told Sapa yesterday.

The latest KwaZulu
plan appeared to be “less
radical” than the 1975
Proposal and deserved
close scrutiny, Mr Alwyn
Bisschoff, told Sapa.

He said the NAU, by a
special congress _ resol-
ution taken in 1982, had
committed itself to ensur-

3400/22

117

_ ing that any “upheaval”

of Whites or Blacks must
be minimal,

“This appears to be the
case,” he said, adding
that he was impressed
that the comm
placing empha
gotiation, .

Mr Bisschoff said his
union would want to see
consolidation finalised as
soon as possible “as we
do not want the prover-
bial sword of Damocles
continuing to hang over
our heads as it has been
doing in’ the past 14
years”. ‘



fighters of the Balombo Municipality. At dawn on the 27th of last month, they
repulsed a group of armed bandits who were attempting to attack the municipality's
headquarters,

Alexandrino Silva pointed out that this decision was taken by the Executive
Commission of the Party's Provincial Committee, which recognized the brave act
of the fighters from the Balombo Municipality in forcing the enemy to retreat
in disarray.

Incentives for Energy Workers

In addition, 16 outstanding workers of ENE (National Electric Company) in the
Biopio Commune were awarded industrial goods for their unselfish efforts in
performing the repair of the thermal and hydroelectric plant.

These workers from Biopio's Electric Complex determinedly devoted themselves
to overcoming the frequent technical breakdowns which for five months have
interrupted the supply of energy to Benguela Province. That interruption has
caused huge financial damages and reflects negatively on the country's economy.

It must be noted that the damages to the thermoelectric plant were aggravated
by the floods caused by the last rains which, either totally or temporarily,
halted the repair work at the plant.

Significantly, Biopio's thermoelectric plant constitutes one of the region's

main energy sources. It currently supplies energy to the Benguela Province
and, partially, to the city of Huambo.

12987
CSO: 3442/394

16



JPRS*SSA*85~100
17 October 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

WEST AFRICA'S LIFE SCIENTISTS GATHER IN SENEGAL
Quagadougou SIDWAYA in French 12 Aug 85 p 5

[Text] On 24 and 25 June 1985, the first meeting of the Western Sub-Regional
Committee of the African Life-Sciences Network was held in Dakar (Senegal).

The Sub-region of West Africa comprises: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde,
Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania,
Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.

Attending the gathering were the following countries: Benin, Burkina Faso,
Ghana, Liberia, Senegal, Mali, and Togo.

Burkina was represented by Comrade Moussa Quedraogo, who heads the Natural
History Laboratory at IRBET/DGRST. The welcoming address was delivered by the
director of BREDA, who sketched the background and cited the objectives the
African Life Sciences Network had set itself. RAB [Epansion Unknown] was
founded in 1981, in response to the fast-growing concern among the
scientific community, to make more intensive use of recent advances in
fundamental and applied biology, in view of the many problems facing
developing countries that stem from biological roots (nutrition, health,
agriculture, forestry, etc.). The Regional Office for Education in Africa
(BREDA), in the person of its Director, dwelt at length on the following
goals:

- Mobilizing endogenous resources in our countries to
make cadre training possible locally;

~- Developing suitable and practical teaching materials;
- Upgrading school courses in biology;

He went on to cite the activities in which RAB was the motivating force in
1984, to wit:

Training courses on harmful insecticides, provided to 24 volunteers
from Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone.

RAB has also financed a project on insect eradication in Kenya.

iL



Cost of Kwazulu Natal Consolidation Project’ Revealed
(Tim Clarke; THE CITIZEN, 24 Sep 85) ...sseeseeeeeceeeeces 116

Briefs
Race Relations 'No 1 Problem' 118
ZAIRE
Mobutu Seeks To Reconcile Austerity With Social Needs
(Laurent Zecchini; LE MONDE, various dates) ..cceceeeeees 119
ZIMBABWE

Minister Says Party Must Have Say in Economy
(THE HERALD, 14 Sep 85) cocececeeseeeccsserccscercsseecers 131

State To Offer More Aid to Co-Ops
(Tim Chigodo; THE HERALD, 17 Sep 85) ..cceseseeeeereeeeres 133

Harare Booms as Expatriates Return
(Ciaran Ryan; SUNDAY TIMES, 15 Sep 85) ceccecececssceceees 136

ADB Loans Boost. Roads
(David Masunda; THE HERALD, 12 Sep B5) ceccceeeeeeececeeee 137

Accord With Zambia Terminates Sale of Power by CAPCO
(THE HERALD, 17 Sep 85) secssceceeeeecserecceccseeeeeesees 139

People Urged To Read More Socialist Books
(THE CHRONICLE, 16 Sep 85) ssseseseeeceeecceeeeeseeeseencs 140

Briefs
93 Percent to ZANU (PF) in Gweru 141

-e-



has been lost because it could not be shipped in time to marketing centers
and because of the lack of coordination between the different ministries in-
volved. The prime importance of the sector has been recognized, however.
The sixth road project, which involves the EEC, the French Central Fund and
the World Bank, provides for an investment of $250 million from 1986 to 1988.

Restoration of most economic indicators in 1984 has not brought about the
return of foreign private investors. "The IMF's intention, in creating an
image of credibility for Zaire, was to stimulate an investment dynamic," ex-
plains one Western financial:expert. "Many businessmen came, but not so in
order to invest and to sell." "We are not investing," one Belgian manufac-
turer admits. "We are keeping the productive apparatus in place. It is old
and operates at 25-percent capacity." Since the Zairians do not generally in-
vest in the productive sector, preferring to make immediate profits, and

since the public sector has no room to maneuver because of restraints imposed
by the IMF, the situation is worrisome.

Zairianization

Several factors explain why there is a lack of confidence. Most of Zaire's
foreign partners do not intend to "whitewash" the dispute over Zairianization,
which was decided upon in 1973 and which has taken the form of outright
plundering. The French emphasize that the government has not attacked the
"bastions of Belgian capitalism" and estimate the amount of their interests
seized without compensation to total 20 million francs. Some practices are
not likely to restore a climate of trust, furthermore: President Mobutu's
January visit to ONATRA (National Transport Office), for example, to remove
Belgian board chairman Honore Paelinck, before personnel gathered together
in a kind of "people's tribunal"; or the nonpayment, for 19 months, of most
of the wages of 80 Air Zaire expatriates. The latter case is all the more
shocking because everyone knows that the Air Zaire offices abroad have long
served as a “drop box" to fatten presidential bank accounts abroad. Finally,
the quotas: "one White for 100 Zairians," imposed on foreign enterprises
and the list of jobs reserved for nationals are part of the provisions that
discourage private investors. :

In addition, lax customs control is notorious. It is estimated that for the
Zairian Treasury, this fraud corresponds to a loss of some 1 billion zaires
a quarter.

The beginning of 1985 has been marked, in the opinion of Zairian authorities,
py "a tendency to relax control," both with respect to the inflation rate,

the drop in production in most sectors and the lack of foreign exchange,
which brought about a devaluation of the zaire, this although the government
has since the beginning of the year practically frozen all operating expenses.
According to Prime Minister Kengo Wa Dondo, it is a temporary situation, but

it nevertheless expresses the extreme fragility of what certain officials
incautiously label the Zairian "miracle."

At the last MPR Central Committee meeting at the beginning of May, most parti-
cipants deemed that the economic policy followed by the government, which in

129



cso:

3400/22

c’say too. They have enough of the
‘miles and miles of SABC political
© opinion, so they would like to try
'. another brand,

The people have the right to
choose between the politics of the
SABC, on the one hand, and of the
UDF, of Azapo, or, for that matter,
of the ANC and the PAC, on the
other.

But what is essential here is that if

{ the Government allows funerals to
have no restrictions, the spiral of
violence will be broken.

If the Government did so, it
would not be abdicating, it would be
showing its strength, and mag-

* namity.

107



JPRS“SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

LIBERIA

MONEY TRANSFER HALTS WITH EXHAUSTION OF FOREIGN RESERVES

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 12 Sep 85 pp 1, 8

[Article by Sam H. Johnson]

[Text] Commercial banks
operating here are re-
ported to be virtually
halting all transfers
of money overseas,
a situation which is
greatly hindering per-
‘sonal and —_ business
transactions abroad.

.Bank executives in-
terviewed yesterday,
said the action became
necessary because
their accounts with
their affiliates
abroad have been. ex-
hausted.

For the past. few
weeks ordinary Libe-
rians and businessmen
have been scurrying
from bank to bank to
either to buy Travellers!
Cheques, Money Orders
or to transfer funds
to personal relations
or business associa-
tes.But wherever: they
went the response was
the same: Sorry, we
are not transfecring
money.

Neither has. it been
‘any easier for the

travellers who are un-

able to obtain Travel-
ler's Checks.

66

A female traveller
told me that she had
to resort to what she
described as the
“black market" --buy-
ing one U.S. dollar at
$1.25 in Liberian
coins. Places for this
new kind of transac-
tion are said to be
mushrooming around’
Monrovia.

One, banker, inter-
viewed yesterday told
me that they have to
obtain enough hard
currency =-meaning
more American dollars—
-before they can re-
sume money transfer.

He explained that
the Liberian coins are
only intended for do-
mestic use and not for
international transac-
tion.

A teller at the Mer-
ridian Bank told me
that her - bank --might
resume transfer of
Money after a "few.
weeks".

At the Tradevco
Bank, a charming tel-
ler with a melodic
voice replied: "Sorry,
we don't know when we
will resume transfer".


are a monolithic block. Pogroms first occurred at the end of the colonial
period when Burundi's hierarchical society was destroyed.

The missionary activity of the Catholics centers on the Hutus. The political
leadership naturally views this with mistrust, fearing the "subversive" role
of the missionaries who could incite the Hutu majority to attempt a coup.

The relations between the ethnic groups are ruled by the minority's fears.
Several years ago the Vatican's newspaper warned that the church must be
careful not to favor either group. The fight against the Church is ultimately
an attempt to reduce its political influence. The Burundi constitution
specifically states that it is a secular state. The group surrounding Bagaza
probably is also annoyed that several missionaries celebrated a funeral mass
for the ousted former president Micombero, despite a ban. The missionaries
were expelled.

Related to this are the attempts, motivated by jealousy, of the unity party
UPRONA to repress the missions. The financially well-off church can offer
the populace more than UPRONA can. The Barundi also seem more inclined to
believe the church than officials of the state party. The church is present
almost everywhere in the country. Even after the expulsions there is an
unusually high density of mission stations. The missionaries who have been
working in Burundi for decades are naturally bitter about the reduction in
their political influence and the government's attempts to end the Catholic
Church's privileged role.

cso: 3400/68

21



JPRS*SSA#85+100
17 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

PEOPLE URGED TO READ MORE SOCIALIST BOOKS
Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE 16 Sep 85 p 7

[Text] HARARE--The Government would like more Zimbabweans to read the
radical literature produced in socialist countries and in the rest of
Africa, the Minister of Information, Posts and Telecommunications, Cde
Nathan Shamuyarira said last week.

In an interview with Novosti in Moscow, Cde Shamuyarira welcomed the steps
being taken by Soviet organisations to make more literature available in
English in Zimbabwe and to translate some works by Lenin and Marx into
Shona and Ndebele.

Books from Zimbabwe featured prominently at the Moscow international
book fair which gathered 3000 publishing and book-trading firms from
102 countries, as well as 15 international organisations.

Cde Paul Brickhill, of Grassroots Books (Pvt) Ltd, who manned the
Zimbabwean stand, says he is satisfied with the response the Zimbabwean
publications have met so far.

Cde Brickhill said the prime aim of the Zimbabwean stand is to acquaint
publishers and potential readers from other countries with Zimbabwean

publications, as well as to draw on the experience of other publishing
houses and trade companies.--Own Corr-APN.

cso: 3400/8

140


social levels. Therefore they must work together to pursue their common

interests. This is why our Party envisages the unity of patriotic and

democratic forces in a broad alliance of different classes in a Democratic Front
of struggle against neo-colonialist and imperialist power.

In the light of our analysis the classes and social groups involved in such an
alliance are: .
© the industrial working class;
© the peasantry (which is already in the process of differentiation to which we

must pay attention, while nevertheless working in the present stage of our

struggle to mobilise the peasantry as a whole);

@ the middle class;

@ the nationalist bourgeoisie (meaning that part of the Senegalese
bourgeoisie whose existence and development are threatened by the
domination of foreign monopoly capital).

Our Party’s strategy and tactics are now aimed at doing all we can to create
such a Front. It will become the foundation of a democratic state, based on
the joint power of the classes and groups who have allied themselves against
imperialism.

Who Will Lead?

A question often asked about the Democratic Frontis, who will lead it? This is
an important question to which our Party must give a clear answer. The
question of the leadership of the Front does not depend on any preordained
order of importance. Leadership is always taken in practice by the class best
prepared for it by its level of political consciousness, its degree of organisation,
the ideological influence which it has upon the other classes concerned, and in
short by the effective contribution which it can make towards victory. In the
present circumstances of Senegal, in spite of the genuine dynamism of the
working class, it isnot that class which can at present take on therole of political
and ideological guide in the anti-imperialist struggle. This role is taken by the
middle class, in particular by the intellectual salaried workers, because of their
level of political awareness, the way in which their education enables them to
understand exploitation, and the heavy blows which their material conditions
of life have recently sustained. Probably Senegal is not an exception in
developing countries in this respect, In any case, so far as our Party is
concerned, we have decided that in view of the important role being played by
this class in the anti-imperialist struggle, we must adopt an attitude towards it
which will increase our influence over it and bring it closer to working class
ideology and revolutionary ideas.

‘At the same time we remain convinced that the Front must eventually be
led by the working class solidly allied to the peasantry and in particular the
poor peasantry. The Party has therefore given itself the following tasks:

— to redouble our effort to educate and organise the working class, to
enhance its capacity for political leadership and raise its class consciousness;
—to intensify our activity among the peasantry so as to mobilise it and win it
over to the side of the working class;

— to strengthen our Party by enlarging its popular base and consolidating
organisationally the influence which it has achieved in the country.



Mr Ogunjobi said the AFC line of credit would make available medium
and short-term loans to communal farmers, resettlement schemes and
small-scale commercial farmers.

"This," he said, "is a reflection of our confidence in this country and
its economy."

The AFC loan is the first the bank has made to the corporation and he

said: "This is also one of our ways of assisting the Government to achieve
its objectives of food self-sufficiency."

Mr Ogunjobi, who came back to Harare at the weekend after two weeks at
ADB's Abidjan head office, also attended the installation of the banking
group's sixth president, Mr Babacar N'diaye.

Mr N'diave, from Senegal, was ADB's vice-president (finance). He succeeds
Mr Wila Mung'omba, a Zambian.

cso: 3400/15

138


3-4 tons of lime a day for the next 25 years. The first try was a success.
After a week's operation (3 days for loading and 4 days for cooking),

Mr Banjir produced 5 tons of good quality lime. He is planning to double
production to 5 or 10 tons by replacing wood with fuel oil. Mr Omar
Banjir intends to repeat the operation twice a month in order to achieve
a monthly production of 20 tons of lime, which he will sell at 6,000
Djibouti francs for a 100-kilo sack. Imported lime of similar quality
costs 7,500 Djibouti francs. He is to be congratulated on his undertaking
because it will strengthen Djibouti's economic independence. Djibouti has
been importing 36 tons of lime a year at a cost of 1.6 million Djibouti
francs. The lime can replace cement, which is very expensive, in the
economies of Third-World countries. Recent studies have shown that in
India it would be possible to use lime in 40 percent of the cases where
cement is used, namely for wall surfacing and mortar. Although lime is
mush less durable than cement, it can effectively replace cement in low-
cost housing, particularly in one- or two-story houses. Moreover, its
great plasticity and technical properties make it easy to work with and
lend it great variety for decorating. In addition to saving foreign ex-
change, lime also has the advantage of fitting into the traditional
architecture of Third-World countries. [Text] [Djibouti LA NATION in
French 15 Aug 85 p 4] 8782

CSO: 3419/552a

26


At the world congress of the International Metal Workers” Association in
Tokyo in June of this year, apartheid in all its aspects-~arrests,
massacres, jailings, repressions--was condemned, but not a word was said
about divestments because the trade unions, although individual ones keep
complaining in public opinion polls, consider multinational enterprises the
pioneers of their progress.

Actually, the discussions on sanctions are only shadowboxing at this point:
none of the threatened measures, were they to be carried out, could worsen
the effects of the crisis that has befallen South Africa. Capital flees the
country, foreign currency trading was halted, the Rand dropped by one-third
in a few weeks, the stock exchange had to be closed down temporarily, the
Central Bank president hurriedly traveled to London and Washington because
reserves are rapidly running out. In view of this setting, sanctions would
hardly impress the government.

One must ask in general if economic sanctions are a) effective, b)
appropriate. Effective they are evidently not. The massive threats that
were discussed for months did not cause Botha to make concessions in his
speech of 15 August. And their appropriateness is more than questionable,
since only a prospering economy can raise the financial expenditures
necessary to decisively improve the situation of the Blacks.

Lastly, the Whites, many of whom are against apartheid--the opposition
party, those organized in the UDF, church people, and an increasing number
of students; all in all, 20 to 25 percent of Whites--are not exactly
inspired by crisis and collapses of all sorts in their struggle against
apartheid and for liberalization.

The call for sanctions actually serves only the moral self-satisfaction of
him who makes it. The revolt of Blacks in the interior and the pressure of
its own industry, including the subsidiaries of European and U.S. companies,
have a much greater impact on the government than threats from outside. In
an official. declaration in January of this vear, industry and businessmen
for the first time made six demands on the government which amount to
abolition of apartheid. On the eve of Prime Minister Botha’s speech, the
Foundation of South Africa raised very similar demands--its president is
Harry Oppenheimer, its vice president, Anton Ruppert, two giants of
industry. And lastly, in the past week the central associations of South
African industry, representing 70 percent of industry and trade, again
appealed to the political leadership to take measures to abolish apartheid:
“Our survival depends on the implementation of necessary structural
changes."

Perhaps it would be more meaningful to impose positive conditions rather
than pronouncing negative threats. That is, don’t say "no credits," but
rather: "Youll get credits, but only if you in turn build schools in black
townships." Or: "We will not cancel the cultural agreement if exhibits and
films are also accessible to Blacks." The Deutsche Bank is exemplary in
this resnect, having granted DM 180 million in credits to Soweto for road
construction and electrification.

95


JPRS#SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

ADB LOANS BOOST ROADS
Harare THE HERALD (BUSINESS SUPPLEMENT) in English 12 Sep 85 p 1
[Article by: David Masunda]

[Text] The African Development Bank has approved two new loans for
Zimbabwe amounting to $78 million, the bank's regional representative
for Southern Africa, Mr Bisi Ogunjobi, said this week.

Mr Ogunjobi told Business Herald this brought ADB's total commitment to
Zimbabwe since independence to $158 million.

One loan--worth $47 million--would go to the financing of the construction
of 216 km of road while the remainder ($31 million) was a line of credit
to the Agricultural Finance Corporation.

They were both approved on August 26 during a five-day meeting of the
panking group's board of directors.

The $47 million loan has an interest rate of 9,86 percent and a repayment
period of 20 years which included a grace period of five years, said
Mr Ogunjobi.

The line of credit to the AFC was repayable over 15 years at an interest
rate of 10 percent and a grace period of three years,

The 216 km of road includes a 52,6 km two-lane bitumen surfaced toad
from Gwanda to Guyu and a 42 km two-lane road--also tarred--linking
Mvuma to the Gweru Road.

An 82 km stretch of tarred road to link Kwekwe to the Gweru Road and
another 39 km road--also tarred and two-lane--to join Seke and Zvipadze
would also be constructed.

The bank would also pay for all consulting services such as supervision,

the preparation of tender documents for the Gwanda-Tuli Road from Guyu
and engineering design.

137



friend Mamman to succeed him.

The next person that was pulled in to
the cult was Musa Bello from Yola who
was an under secretary (deputy
permanent secretary) in the Govern-
ment of the defunct Northern Region.
Musa Bello then extended an invitation
into the cult to his friend and kinsman
Mahmud Tukur, now called Dr.
Mahmud Tukur — Buhari’s import
licence minister. Mahmud Tukur who
was at that time teaching at the
Institute of Administration, brought
into the group people like Abubakar
Koko from Sokoto and Abubakar
Yaya who was later moved to the
Cabinet office to provide real anchor
for the group’s activities as a kitchen
cabinet.

Through Mahmud Tukur, another
Bororo from Gombe by name of Sule
Kumo came into the fold. The group
then recruited Shehu Malami from
Sokoto, a traditional title holder of
Sarkin Sudan but more of a business-
man, a close associate of every man
who .was ever in power right from
General Ironsi.

Then came in the ‘‘Super-Famous-
Perm-Sec.”” Alhaji Abubakar Alhaji.
As a civil servant in the Ministry of
Finance, Abubakar Alhaji was particu-
larly useful to their plan. Later on,
lesser persons were drawn into the fold
but they remained mainly in the back-
ground. These included: Turi
Muhammadu from Bida, in-law to
Adamu Ciroma and_ successor of
Mamman Daura as Editor of New
Nigerian; Tanko Kuta from Kuta in
Niger State; Aliko Mohammed from
Misau; Hamza Zayyad from Katsina
and Aminu Wali from Kano, all of
them revolving around the Chief of
Staff — Shehu Yar’ Adua.

Sani Zangron Daura and Ismalia Isa
Funtua were brought in to serve the
role of spreading the group’s gospel.
This was the ‘‘Sharri’” group that
surrounded the then Chief of Staff,
posing, by their own definition, as
defenders and promoters of the
interests of the North.

With time and as they grew in
strength and as their tentacles spread
everywhere, they came to be nick-
named the Kaduna Mafia. The choice
of the word ‘Mafia’ was because of
their clannish loyalties and Kaduna

88

served as their capital or as the bastion
of their power.

Now, within the Army, who were
their associates? Everyone knows the
closeness of Yar’: Adua to Buhari —
the ‘‘Dan Buzu”’ tyrant. Without Yar’
Adua as Chief of Staff, there was no
way that Buhari could have been
appointed as the Federal Commis-
sioner for Petroleum and Energy.

Major General Magoro and Air what-
have-you Muktar Mohammed, were
also an extension of the Mafia group.
There are one or two others but these
are inconsequential.

For the first time then, this shadowy
group have been mentioned by name so
the guessing game can now end. It is in
everybody’s interest to remove their
mystical mask so that we can all see
them. They have no one and represent
no North.

One can now proceed to examine
their political roles and philosophies
and the way they have operated.

When General Obasanjo was in
power, the group, using Chief of Staff
Major General Shehu Yar’ Adua, held
Obasanjo to ransom. They dictated the
names of those to be appointed from
the North. They were the North! Those
who were not in their good books
could not get a look-in. Probes were set
up by their chosen friends as chairman
of panels as well as members. The idea
was to come out with reports that
would indict their enemies and
opponents.

Thus because of their hold on
General Obasanjo, the Kaduna Mafia
got themselves and their friends
nominated to the CDC, the Consti-
tution Drafting Committee 1977-78.

So they were the ‘‘capable brains”’ to
draft the constitution for Nigeria.

The plan was that from that first
step they would move to the next until
finally there would be a swap of power.
They would be slotted in while their
military friends would phase out. Thus
their secrets would remain as secrets.

The plan was that the Kaduna Mafia
would identify two people from each
state and Yar’ Adua would influence
Obasanjo to appoint them to the
Constituent Assembly as representing
the Government. It was the group
made up of two from each state that


cso:

All these tasks tend towards the achievement ofa single objective — to build
around the industrial working class a solid bloc of the urban and rural toiling
masses, capable of exerting a decisive influence on the course of events.

All the analyses which we have made illuminate our strategy for obtaining
power and eventually governing our country. It is a democratic strategy, by
which we shall at all times rely upon the masses, advance at the pace dictated
by their level of consciousness and what they are really in a position to
achieve. As Lenin once said, we must be one step, but only one step ahead.

We must therefore always be in the heart of the social and political battles
which are being fought. We must organise, mobilise, explain, discuss and try

to convince. We must shake off the narrowness inherited from a long period
of clandestine activity and turn resolutely towards the suffering and
struggling‘masses, knowing at all times what they think, what they want and
what they can do. Such an approach eliminates the false dilemma between
“armed struggle” and “peaceful struggle”. The real task is to educate and
organise the masses, to put them in a position to act and at all times to resort
to the methods which seem most effective to them. It was after taking the full
measure of the demands of such a strategy that our Party decided that
cardboard militants and drawing room revolutionaries no longer have a
place in our ranks.

At the end of the Second Congress, we look to the future with hope. Our
Party has come a long way. We regard the harsh battles through which we
have passed as a baptism of fire which has left us more resolute and
determined than ever before. To enable our Party to be the true vanguard of
Senegalese society, the recognised and accepted guide ofall those Senegalese
who work, suffer and struggle, we have embarked on a great building
operation. We will carry the work forward with patience and consistency,
benefitting from the rich experience which we have acquired.

(Translated from French by The African Communist.)

3400/44


JPRS*SSA#85+100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GERMAN OPINION LEADER PESSIMISTIC ON RESOLUTION OF CRISIS
Hamburg DIE ZEIT in German 6 Sep 85 p 1

[Commentary by Countess Marion Doenhoff: "Too Little, Too Late, Too
Ineffectual. The South African Government Cannot Continue to Refuse
Serious Reforms "]

[Text] South Africas dilemma? The fact that the country has lived for 50
years in the lee of history while the rest of us were buffeted by the storm.
The distance between South Africa at the end of the 20th century and the
spirit of the times ruling elsewhere is as if the FRG after 1945 had
introduced the pre-democratic three-class electoral systen.

Some people object: "But the majority of the population doesn“t make
decisions in Black African states, either..." By your leave: that is a
misleading statement, since South Africa rejects strenuously being compared
with them in other areas. Botha’s state must bear being judged by the
standards of the western world.

The South African republic is a prime example of how chances can be missed
in history, i.e., that a development not started at the right time can never
be made up, or only at great cost. Even in 1976, after the bloody riots in
Soweto, it would have been possible to systematically take small steps
toward the great goal of a multiracial society. At that time, Blacks would
still have been grateful for any improvement; today, young Blacks have
become so radicalized through the mercilessly stubborn policy of the
government and the brutal despotism of the police that it seems almost
impossible that rational agreements can still be attained.

What Can Be Expected of Sanctions?

Pragmatic solutions are far out of reach. The awareness and attitudes of
all parties involved have become emotional to a point of absurdity:

European countries use the occasion to gain status in domestic politics, or
they feel they must outdo each other in the competition for exhibiting their
moral indignation; the Pretoria government is afraid of losing its authority
if it does not back up its slogan: "We shall never yield to force," and "We
do not tolerate outside interference;" and lastly, representatives of black
labor unions do not dare admit publicly that they don“t think much of
sanctions.

94


Mr Cloete says he does not think the boycott is going to "make a formidable
impression" in the cities. It will perhaps have a greater effect in the
countryside, where the consumers can be "better controlled." MR Braesler said
there is "a mild form of intimidation" to discourage consumers from buying at
white stores. For example, store entrances are blocked to customers and
people are warned not to buy.

Mrs Margareth Taushe, a domestic from Stellenbosch who is married to a black
man, told DIE BURGER she heard a small group of black women on the train after
work express their concern about the boycott. They are now also being told
that they should not work for Whites, but rather for Coloreds.

Rev. Sakkie Mentor, moderator of the NG [Dutch Reformed] Mission Church, who
was commenting in his personal capacity, said that apart from the fact that
the consumers will suffer under a boycott, "the bread can later be taken from
the mouths of workers and their families" because their employers will later’
be forced to discharge them if the boycott succeeds.

13084
cso: 3401/314

99



Public Aid Sought in Privatised Probe

[Text] An investigation to identify those sectors of the public service
that could be privatised would start next week, the Minister of Administration
and Economic Advisory Services, Mr Eli Louw, said yesterday.

The private sector would be involved in this investigation, Mr Louw
said in reply to a resolution calling on the Government to outline and
implement its policy of privatisation as soon as possible.

Mr Louw said the principle of whether privatisation was desirable or not
was no longer being discussed it had been accepted.

It was important however, to ensure that the issue was approached with
careful planning and consideration of those public servants who had
rendered many years of faithful service.

When he addressed the congress earlier yesterday, the State President,
Mr PW Botha, emphasised the Government did not regard privatisation as
an aim in itself.

"It is a means to be used in the pursuance of a sound and balanced re~
lationship between private entrepeneurship and State Administration."--Sapa.

CSO: 3400/14

115



JPRS*SSA+85+100
17 October 1985

SUPREME COURT TO PROBE POWER RIVALRY IN SEAMAN UNION

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 6 Sep 85 pp 1, 6

Lrext]

Mr. Daniel Bracewell
of the Seamen, Port and
General Workers Union
is to appear before the
People's Supreme Court
of Liberia following
a writ issued. him by,
the justice in chambers
Boima K. Morris,

According to a Tem-
ple of Justice release,
Mr., Bracewell has been
summoned to defend him-
self in prohibition
action filed against
him by the former pre-

sident. of the Seamen's.

Union, Mr. John M. Gray.

The release quoted
the petitioner (Mr.
Gray) as saying that
eventhough the Decem-
ber 31, 1984 election
which brought Mr, Brace-
well to power as pre-
sident of the Seamen's
Union was declared
full and void by the
Ministry of Labour, Mr.
Bracewell had continued
to act as president of
the union.

62

The release said if
the petitioner's (Mr.
Gray's) request for
prohibition is granted
by the Supreme Court,
Mr. Bracewell's admini-
stration will be banned
and power handed back
to the former presi-
dent, ‘Mr. Gray.

It can be recalled
that in July this year,
the Board of General
appeals of the Labour
Ministry: nullified the
December 1984 elections
of officers of: the’ Sea-
men's Union, following
investigation into com-
plaints filed by Mr.
Gray.

In their complaints
Mr. Gray and his group
said at the time that
the election continued
by the director of the’
Trade Union Bureau of
the Ministry was not
genuine because
less than
of the union's 3,000
registered voters: took

one-third.

LIBERIA


JPRS“SSA=85+100
17 October 1985

LIBERIA

DOE URGES FARMERS TO INTENSIFY CASH CROP PRODUCTION
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 5 Sep 85 p 1

[text] The Head of State and President of the Interim National Assembly, CIC
Dr. Samuel K, Doe, has called upon farmers throughout the country to ensure that
after each rice planting and harvesting season, the land should be utilized

for planting coffee, cocoa and other cash crops.

An Executive Mansion release issued Tuesday said that Head of State Doe's call
was contained in a letter to the Minister of Internal Affairs » Col. Edward

+ Sackor, Directing the Minister to inform all county superintendents, local
authorities and all communal farmers of these new measures.

The release further said that these measures are consistent with government's
efforts to boost agricultural productivity and improve the incomes of "our
rurel farmers."

It said Dr. Doe expressed the hope that all farmers will seize the opportuni-

ties provided by the Ministry of Agriculture » the various agricultural develop-
ment projects and other institutions involved in providing service to farmers.

cso: 3400/26

68


II. Project Presentation

Here again, a number of countries had not received a copy of the agenda before
leaving home. Nevertheless, the IRBET introduced the following projects:

- a project. for compilation of an ornithological atlas.
- a project for establishing a Natural History Museum at Ouagadougou.

Projects presented by other countries concern agriculture, health, forestry,
microbiology, and harmful insects. Priority was assigned to research efforts
into forest and water resources in the Sub-region, as well as to plant and
animal genetics and selection throughout the Sub-region. The accent was laid
on the need for applying the findings of research by means of extension
teaching about advancing desertification, coastal erosion, insect pests, and
endemic diseases. The RAB examined the food erisis currently besetting
Africa, and possible strategies that would lead to self-sufficiency in food
production. To this end, a conference is planned for the end of March 1986 in
Monrovia (Liberia), during which there will be seminars in simple technologies
for processing local food products recently developed in West Africa and now
in use in some countries in the Sub-region.

The meeting then adopted the following projects for implementation, listed by
order of priority:

1. Forest Resources project;

2. Annual Congress planned for Monrovia;

3. Harmful insects project;

4, Project on certain species of Candida;

5. Project for compiling an ornithological atlas of Burkina Faso.

6. Project for establishing a Natural History Museum at Ouagadougou.

III. Miscellaneous

Under this heading, the meeting agreed that it is aware of the communications
problem prevalent in the Southwest African Region and of the need for life-
science ‘research people to achieve fluency in both the French and the English
languages. Accordingly, it was suggested that intensive 3-month courses be
offered: in Nigeria for French-speaking researchers, and others in an
English-speaking country, for English-speaking participants. Each trainee

would spend a month and a half learning the language and the same amount of
time on his own work.

13



There are two reasons which make South Africa’s problem appear almost
hopeless. Firstly, the governing party adheres to the erroneous belief that
the uprising of the Blacks is the work of communists-~as if it needed
communists to make Blacks aware of their bleak situation. This fallacy
induces Botha not to seek refuge in negotiations, in the effort to bring
about a consensus, but rather in ever more force and suppression. In his
speech on 15 August he said: "On the one hand, we are witnessing the
development of a peaceful constitutional change by this government; on the
other hand, we see a process of unrest, aggression and anarchy, instigated
by forces who want brutal revolution." No one can describe better in one
sentence how fundamentally wrong is this analysis of the crisis.

Secondly, it is the lack of a concept which, time and again, makes the
government take measures that do not go together. One example: in the late
1960°s, Pretoria decided to prohibit any new construction in certain black
townships because it believed it could stop a further black influx in this
manner. The result: houses were overcrowded to the bursting point and
deteriorated more and more. Now the government has decided--as a
consolation prize for the fact that Blacks were passed over in the new
constitution--to hand over to them communal administration in the townships.
It gave them the responsibility, but without ‘the necessary finances. The
result: the black mayors, confronted with a thousand demands because of
run-down apartments, saw no other possibility but to raise rents. So the
uprising came.

The Clock Was Stopped

What can be done in this muddled situation? Outsiders often imagine the
answer to this question to be quite simple: a minority has all the rights,
the majority has none, therefore power must be distributed and democratic
voting rights must be introduced. They overlook the fact that this would
have the same effect today as if, from one day to the next, one were to give
the Turks in Kreuzberg [a sector of Berlin] the administration of the Berlin
metropolis. And as for the Whites, they consider the situation, existing
for generations, simply as God-given and quite natural. They must first
learn to think differently.

History is a process of constant change. The South Africans, however, have
simply stopped the clock, and if they are to switch overnight, it would be
the same as if in Hamburg or New York right-side traffic were switched to
the left, from Sunday to Monday. There would probably be collisions.

But now it is high time, nay very high time, to make a new start. It is to
be hoped that the journey of the three EC ambassadors--as the last link in a
long chain of efforts--has made it clear that Europe’s understanding of
Pretoria’s attitude has been exhausted. What must be done, first of all?
The leaders of the Blacks must be set free. They must no longer sit in
prisons, they must finally sit at the conference table.

9917
CSO: 3420/91

96


JPRS*SSA=85+100
17 October 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

NEW OFFICIALS APPOINTED--Minister of Provincial Coordination Evaristo Domingos
"Kimba" issued dispatches to dismiss and appoint municipal officials and
adjuncts in Luanda and Kwanza Sul Provinces. Consequently, in Luanda Province,
Armindo Francisco's term of office as Ingombota's municipal commissioner was
considered at an end. Antonio dos Santos was appointed Adjunct to the
Municipal Commissioner of Cazenga. In Kuwanza Sul, Luis Antonio de Carvalho
Junior was appointed Adjunct to the Municipal Commissioner of Cela.. [Text]
[Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 3 Aug 85 p 12] 12987

BIE ROADS HAMPER FOOD DESTRIBUTION--Bie Province was supplied with 92,040 kilos
of frozen fish during the first half of this year, an amount which represents
one percent of the six-month plan. Similarly, only 376,850 kilos of dry and
semi-cured fish were sent to the province, an amount which is equivalent to
17 percent of the plan. Also sent were about 48,168 cans of various kinds of
fish. According to information given to ANGOP by Paulo Capamba, the local
EDIPESCA director, the shortages are caused not only by the precarious road
conditions but also by the poor fishing in the Benguela and Namibe provinces.
Nevertheless, last year's indicators of fish supplies to the province show a
decrease of one product or another relative to 1983, which implies a greater
irregularity in the supply planned for the current year. [Text] [Luanda
JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 26 Jul 85 p 3] 12987

DELEGATION VISITS VIETNAM--The Vietnamese Information Agency (VNA) announced in
Bangkok that an Angolan delegation headed by Joao Felipe Martins, Vice Minister
of Middle and Higher Education arrived last Monday in Hanoi for an official

and friendship visit. According to the same source, the Angolan delegation
will be in contact with Dang Hoi Xuan, Vietnamese Minister of Public Health, as
part of the first meeting of a Joint Commission dedicated to bilateral co-
operation. At the appropriate moment, the head of the Angolan delegation
thanked Vietnam for having sent technicians to Angola. The news agency stated
that Joao Felipe Martins took this opportunity to hold talks with Tran Quynh,
the Vietnamese Vice~Prime Minister, in Ho Chi Minh City. [Text] [Luanda
JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese lAug 85 p 12] 12987

CSO: 3442/394

18


JPRS*SSA*85~4100
17 October 1985

LIBERTA

DOE ASSURES DPRK ENVOY OF NON-ALIGNED POSITION
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 3 Sep 85 pp 1, 5

[lexi]

Head of State Dr.
Samuel K. Doe has said
that Liberia will con-
tinue to maintain di-
plomatic intercourse
with all states irres-
pective of their ideo-
logical inclinations
in order to build a
bridge for the promo-
tion of international
peace, understanding
and cooperation.

He pointed out that
it is because of this
that Liberia as a de-

veloping nation has
chosen Non~alignment

in its dealings with
all states.

Dr. Doe made the re-
marks last Friday when
the Ambassador of the
Democratic People's
Republic of Korea ac-
credited to Liberia,
Mr. Kim Myon Ryne,
presented his letters
of credence to him at
the Executive Mansion
in Monrovia.

The Liberian Leader
however said if na-
tions are to achieve
the “desired goal of
a world free of un-
desirable suspicion,
prejudices and mis-

47

trust, “we must con-
sistently adhere to
the principles of
peaceful co-existance
and respect for terri-
torial integrity and
sovereignty of all
states, irrespective
of their sizes and
achievements.*

Dr. Doe told ambas-
sador Kim that his ac-
creditation to Libe-
ria was significant
in that it represents
the genuine friend-
ship subsisting be-
tween Norch Korea and
the Republic of Libe-
via.

Dr. Doe further said
Liberia attaches great
importance to the
maintenance of excel-
lent relation with
members of the inter-
national community and
assured Ambassador Kim
of his governmert's
fullest support in his
"legitimate endeavours
to concretize rela-
tions between our two
countries."

In a speech he pre-~
sented to the Liberian
Leader, Ambassador Kim

conveyed greetings



Some of these conditions, already
rejected by the Buhari regime include:
(1) an exchange rate adjustment or
Naira devaluation; (2) removal of
petroleum subsidies. The main reason
behind this demand by the IMF is that
subsidisation encourages high energy
consumption, the cost of which the
consumer is not adequately paying for;
(3) Trade liberalisation. On the
surface, this implies an opening up of
the Nigerian market to foreign goods.
Thé implication opponents of IMF fear
is that by accepting the conditions of
the IMF it would mean a foreign organ
or body is forcing Nigeria — a whole
giant of Africa — to take certain
measures considered  ‘‘anti-
nationalistic’? and which are bound to
cause social and political unrest. Does
that remind you of WAI spirit?
Talking tough, General Babangida
admitted that even though Nigeria’s
application for an IMF loan was made
in April 1983, no progress has as yet
been made in the negotiations ‘and a
stalemate has existed for the last two

years.” Then in his characteristic mili- ,

tary fashion he added: ‘‘We shall break
the deadlock that frustrated the negoti-
ations with a view to evaluating more
objectively both the positive and
negative implications of reaching
agreement with the Fund... At all
times in the course of our discussions,
our represéntatives will be guided by
the feelings and aspirations of the

Nigerian people . . . ”’ Soon after the ,

speech, the western media were already
saying that Babangida is now ready to
accede to the demands of the Inter-
national Monetary Fund.

1am not an economist so I am not in

CSO: 3400/32

92

a position to offer an expert advise,
Over the years, however, African
nations have gone cap in hand to the
IMF for redemption. I am not sure
which of those countries indeed got
redeemed. There are talks that Jerry
Rawlings’ Ghana is now a better place
to be in — thanks to the IMF. I am not
in a position to know. Nigeria right
now cannot by any standard, be con-
sidered a poor nation. No matter the
foreign debts owed (debts do not kill
afterall), the country’s human and
material resources are enough assets to
take care of any such loans. We could
even refuse to pay! Good management
of what is available has always been the
country’s main problem. If the country
gets an additional $2.8 billion from the
IMF and the money is not properly
managed, it will be of no use.

General Babangida seems the kind
of person that has enough managerial
skills (he has managed, so say the
foreign press, to be involved in four
coups in Nigeria!). If his regime can be
truly and sincerely opened to public
accountability then the nation’s
Present economic resources are enough
to see the nation through the woods.
But if an IMF loan had to be taken at
all, then the AFRC (Armed Forces
Ruling Council) should call for a
public debate on the matter and try to
get the common consensus and consent
of the people. It is the only way to
guarantee the workability of the Fund
because then, people would really be
ready for the structural readjustment
requested by the IMF, and so would
not complain if any hardships should
spring up from the IMF package later
on.


REFUGEES TO BE SETTLED AT SEGE

JPRS=SSA=85+100
17 October 1985

GHANA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 5 Sep 85 pp 1, 5

[Article by Ayikwei Armah]

[Text]

cso:

THE Minis of Labour
and Social Welfare

settle all immigrant’
Chadian, . Malian,
‘Burkina Faso and Niger
nationale at about
‘48 kilome! ym Ac-

es
cra by the end of next
month,

The immigrants are
estimated to be 2,000 in
-Accra alone.

At the moment, about
600 of them at Madina are
to be sent ta-the Cripple
Aid Society. Workshop at
Madina y 80 a8 to mi-
nimise their insatiable
begging of monies on the
stieete of Accra

To achieve this the Mi-
nistry of Labour and So-
cial Welfare in collabora-
tion with personnel from

the Ministry of Health, the
Catholic Churehs the De-

rement of Community
Bevel lopment and the Ma-
dina Area CDRs are hold-
ing series of discussions to

draw a detailed program-:

me of action to resettle the

refugees permanently with
income earning jobs.

Mr Samuel 0. Komieter

- Greater Accra Regional

Director of Social Welfare

3400/42

said in an interview ye-
sterday that the program.
me has to be quickly done
“because in Gena it is an
offence and a crime to beg
for money”.

But, he said, to resettle
them properly, the refu-
gees would have to be sup-

plied with tents, bedding
and other domestic neces-
sities.

The Regional Director
‘noted however that phi-
lanthropic _organisftions
like the Catnolic Cente-
nary, the Christian Coun-
cil of Ghana, Ahamadiyya
Movement and others are
contributing in cash and
kind to the resevtiement
Programme.

he Chairman of the
Madina Area CDRs, Mr
Brandford Botchwey ho-

wever explained in another j

interview that “'she’ refu-
gees have realised that ef.
forts are being made by the
Government to resettle
them outside Accra and
they don’t want to go”.
rhe, CDR chairman
said, “they don’t: want
to work. They don’t like
hard work. At Madina we
employed two of them cn 4
‘farm but they stopped

30

coming after .Teceiving
their pay.”

Mr Botchwey said when
the CDR detected their
absence from the farm and
sent for them, the two re-
fugees complained that

“the job was too hard and
difficult and that they
would no longer do itr But
they are now an. the street
‘begging”.

He expressed fears that
the refugees would cer-
tainly run away after they
have been sent to Sege,
since they are nomads and
moreover have expressed
their dissatisfaction to be
settled at Sege.

Mr S, Agyei-Mensah,
Director of the Social
Welfare Department, ho-
wever warned “if they are
resettled and they come
back they will be arrested,
sent to court and prose,
cuted.”

» When I asked him as to:
what the embassies of the
respective nationals in
Ghana are doing about the
conditions of their citizens’
Mr Agyei-Mensah said:
“We have written them se-
veral letters to establish a
dialogue but there has
been no response from
them”.


fact amounts to applying that of the IMF, was dangerous in the long run for
the country and that it had little chance of being reconciled with the priori-
ties of the "7-year social welfare reign" defined by the chief of state on

5 December. Even if the latter took the precaution of stating that in using
the term "social," he was not necessarily thinking about wage increases.
Following its meeting, the Central Committee published a bulletin which, while
manifesting "unreserved" approval of the economic and financial program con-
cluded with the IMF, recommends vigilance "so that certain constraints of the
program do not disturb" the life of the country socially. In prudent terms,
this phrase would tend to prove that President Mobutu "heard" the observations
of the Central Committee. "The president constantly tells the IMF: 'I do not
lead sheep; I lead men,'" Kengo Wa Dondo told us. Will the prime minister, who
personally believes that the fact that the Zairian Government is forced to
devote 45 percent of its budget to paying back the foreign debt is scandalous,
be able to continue imposing austerity, sacrifices and resignation for a long
time to come?

11,464
CSO: 3419/549

130


The meeting also took up the problem of selecting candidates for the various
seminars. In the end, it chose the Sub-region's two delegates: Nigeria and
Togo. The last word, of course, came from Dr Ba, who thanked the committee
for the serious and responsible job it had done, and urged one and all to
hurry up and form their national committees.

6182

CSO: 3419/535

14


JPRS*SSA4854100
17 October 1985

LIBERTA

SOUTH KOREA ASSISTS NEEDY STUDENTS
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 5 Sep 85°p 3

[Bext] The Korean Ambassador accredited near this Capital, His Excellency
Myon Hong Lee has donated on behalf of his Embassy, $1,250.00 to ten students
of the University of Liberia who are unable to meet with their financial needs
for Second Semester Academic 1985. .

The presentation was made yesterday morning when the ambassador paid a courtesy
call on the President of the University of Liberia, Dr. Joseph G. Morris at
his office on the Main Campus of the University.

Ambassador Lee said he was making this modest contribution in response to the
FOOTPRINTS newspaper article of September 3 » 1985, which stressed the financial
predicaments of the University of Liberia students from the rural area of
Liberia who do not have scholarships and were receiving no financial aid from
any source.

He told Dr. Morris that the selection of the needy students is left with the
University authorities to make. The Ambassador also said that the students to
be selected must have good academic records according to university requirements.

It will be recalled that the Republic of South Korea donated four buses to the
University of Liberia in 1982 in continuation of her aid to the University.

Responding, Dr. Morris expressed appreciation to Ambassador Lee for the kind
gesture and noted that South Korea has always contributed to the welfare of
Liberia.

Dr. Morris asserted that South Korea has identified herself in all aspects
of the development strides ‘of the University and hoped that the cordial rela-
tionship between Korea and the University of Liberia would remain comented
and fruitful at all times.

The meeting was attended by the Vice President for Administration, Dr. Thomas
G, Koon and Dr. C. Wesley Armstrong, Vice President for Academic Affairs ’
among others.

cso: 3400/26

58


further on with the dust that fills the lungs. Soaked with’ sweat because of
the often suffocating heat, one then penetrates a zone swept by cold drafts of
air. Mud gives way to rock debris and then, as if it were not enough, there
are the shouts of the -neophytes trying in vain to make themselves heard over
the din of the excavators and the raucous horns of the monstrous dump trucks
that bear down the gallery as if they were on a freeway. Some 1,150 meters
underground, the mining of copper, Zaire's main source of wealth, is still,
despite the progress of mechanization, done under excruciating conditions.

In a narrow alleyway, a miner stops his bone~shaking drill for a moment:

"T earn 1,500 zaires;l but if you work hard, you make more.". With bonuses,
the basic wage can go as high as 4,000 zaires, it appears, meaning a little
less than a few months ago, before elimination of overtime. The mine works
24 hours-a day and every man works 8 hours a day (five underground), six days
a week. A total of 1,260 men, working in three shifts, work to extract 6,000
tons of copper ore a day. Every Saturday, the wives of the miners can go
check on the "working atmosphere" on the spot. The trip takes 3 minutes.

GECAMINES (General Quarries and Mines Company), whose "total population in
Zaire, including families, is 222,946 persons, including 2,514 expatriates"
(1983 statistics), is very attached to its image as a social enterprise. It
is true that its good economic health fairly much determines that of all the
inhabitants of Shaba and, beyond that, of the entire country. All mining
products (copper, zinc, silver, gold, cobalt, diamonds, and so on) represent
over 80 percent of all export income.

In principle, the company provides for all the needs of the people, who reside
on both sides of the "copper road" (Lubumbashi-Likassi-Kipushi). But it also
places financial limitations on enterprises in Shaba, which for the most part
live on subcontracting or the commercial "spinoff" of the mining company:
Since GECAMINES offers. its employees different goods and commodities (fuel,
flour) on preferential terms, the small local manufacturers are forced to
follow. Whence: the nearly general stagnation of private operators in this
period of austerity.

And yet, this "social dimension" has its limits. To be corivinced, one has but
to visit the outdated facilities (the furnace was built in 1908) of the pyro-
metallurgical plants of Lubumbashi, to penetrate the "furnace" where molten
metal is being poured and where busy workers do not worry about any safety
measures. Here, everything or nearly everything is done with the manual inter-
vention of man. An important investment program to modernize the facilities

is planned, however, with the aid of the World Bank, for a total of $800 mil-
lion (including $250 million in outside financing), over 5 years. On a world

level, experts are counting on a stabilization of copper prices in the years
ahead, even a slight increase.

For Zaire, which, with 500,000 tons, is the sixth-ranking world producer in
the world, a reduction in the heretofore erratic price of the "red gold" is
a decisive element in the success or failure of the economic recovery plan
undertaken under the tutelage of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

1 1 French franc = about 5 zaires.

127



If he is serious about it and he succeeds in satisfying the other half of
the white population in the cultural political sense too, we will gladly
help him in his campaign to induce the viewers to pay their license fees.

The appearance of Professor Marius Swart and Mr Eugene Terre'Blanche on short
discussion programs doesn't make a summer!

12906
cso: 3401/306

lil



next budget for a salary increase. Where a. private enterprise can rapidly
adjust.the salaries of its personnel to prevent them from leaving its service,
the Civil Service must plan well in advance.

The VSA will not necessarily ask for a general salary increase, but only for
an increase for the positions that no longer have parity with the private

sector. Salaries in the private sector are carefully monitored by means of
scientific surveys.

12906
CSO: 3401/306

113



MARXISTS CHART NEW COURSE

JPRS#SSA“85+100
17 October 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

London THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST in English 3rd Qtr 1985 pp 101-110

[Article by Semou Pathe Gueye, Member of the Political Bureau, Secretary of
the Central Committee of the Party of Independence and Labour of Senegal

(P.1.T. Senegal)]

[Text]

One of the main characteristics of the present political situation in Africa seems
to us to be a definite growth in the influence of Marxism-Leninism over large
sections of the population of the continent. Of course, such a process does not
take placeina linear manner, with the same rhythm and extent everywhere. On
the contrary, it takes various forms and unequal dimensions according to the
different countries and their concrete socio-historic situations. One of its most
striking manifestations has been the existence and growth of states which, in the
aftermath of their victory over colonialism, have taken the road of radical socio-
political transformation under the banner ofa socialist orientation. Thus there
are already tens of millions of men and women in Angola, Benin, Congo,
Ethiopia, Guiné Bissau and Mozambique who have become involved in sucha
process. Elsewhere, where neo-colonialism continues to oppress peoples, the
progress of Marxism-Leninism is shown by the appearance in increasing
numbers of political organisations which owe toit their progressive growth, the

revival of their activity and their increasing importance among

the patrioticand

democratic forces against imperialism. It is now difficult to find a single
country in our continent in which one or more of such groups do not exist.

‘This varied process is the reflection of the crisis of imperialism and neo-
colonialism, an indication of the radicalisation of the national liberation
movement and the growing maturity of the political consciousness of the

mass of the people.

In this context, one can only consider it an event of wide significance that
the first Marxist-Leninist party in tropical Africa has met in Congress to take
account, critically and self-critically, of a quarter of a century of activity, to
measure its successes and failures in the building of a true revolutionary
vanguard, and finally to say how it intends to achieve power and what it w ill
do with that power. Undoubtedly, the lessons drawn from our experience.
modest though they may be, and the perspectives which we have obtained for
our present and future struggle, will interest not only Senegalese Marxists.
but also the whole revolutionary movement of the continent. It is in the



cso:

34.00/32

They said that the zoning arrange-
ment within the NPN must itself be
rotational and that at the end of
Shagari’s second and final term, the
Presidential Candidacy should move to
the South. They maintained that- the
basis of coming together to form a
National Party in Nigeria was to ensure
equal opportunity for all sections. The
Kaduna Mafia did NOT believe in this!
In their view it must all the time be
someone from the NORTH to whom
they could cling and wield influence in
the name of their selfishly defined
North.

When they saw that President
Shagari would not budge from his
principle, they started their usual
game. They began to spread that he did
not care any more and so called their
military friends to rise up in arms
against the democratically elected
civilian government of President Shehu
Shagari.

With the overthrow of their man —
Buhari — it is likely they would want
to strike again. But the joy in this is
that the present Head of State, General
Ibrahim Babangida knows them and
we believe will be equal to the task, just
as Murtala Muhammed was.

90


cso:

industry like cocoa is baffling, but then
that is the sort of strings that hangs
from World Bank assistance which are
turning into heavy economic yokes
than aiding economic recovery.

The British consultants are applying
the same strategies that decimated the
British Steel and Shipping industries a
couple of years ago. An official of the
Cocoa Board lamented the effects of
labour cuts on the efforts of the Cocoa
Services Division to rehabilitate cocoa
plantations which were devastated by
bushfires and drought in 1983.

The official expressed doubts as to
whether the skeleton staff which will
remain after this massive redundancy
exercise can offer the needed extension
services which is vital to the industry,
especially in the very remote areas.
What the Cocoa Board needs and what
Leslie Zurich and his team should have
done, is the rehabilitation of storage

3400/31

35

and transport facilities, since nearly
20% of the Board’s 700 trucks and
vehicles are broken down and off the
roads. Sprays, pesticides and other
imported imputs are scarce and port
facilities inadequate. Pile upon pile of
cocoa are locked up in the hinterland
and if labour is shed and no transport
available, then the industry might be
heading towards complete collapse.

The government, in trying to win
farmers organisations’ support against
the workers, introduced a double
increase in producer price as a price
incentive to encourage farmers to raise
output, discourage smuggling and
improve the grade of cocoa beans. The
hope is that the target. of 400,000
tonnes can be achieved with the help of
‘foreign experts’.

In 1983/84 the cocoa harvest was
down to an all time low of less than
160,000 tonnes.



Zairian ambassador to Israel, AND is made up of several thousand civilian
agents who are present in all sectors of the country's economic and social
life: espionage, informing, repression, and its "competencies" aretherefore
almost unlimited. Less spectacular operations -~'fewer in number than a few
years ago -- are entrusted to the G2, an ultrasecret, militarized unit headed by
Colonel Bolozi (from the Equator), and, according to a Western military expert,
made up of veritable "tontons macoutes." The many excesses committed in the
past by the G2 led President Mobutu to take away some of Bolozi's powers,
since mid 1983, and give them to AND. "That has still not prevented the G2
from going beyond its limits somewhat," recognizes one ‘important AND member ,
who also emphasizes the close relations which his agency maintains with Is-
raeli, Belgian, American and above all, French secret services: "Temporary
foreign advisers come to stay in Zaire and we go train in your country,"

Under the general staff of the armed forces, the G2 actually answers only to
the chief cf staff and has relays, on the operational level (the $2) in the
gendarmerie (B2) or the provincial staff (T2). In case of grave risk, the
chief of state knows he can call on 4,500 men of the 31st Airborne, an elite
unit staffed by some 60 French military officers. While the command of this
unit is soon to come under 4airian control, at the request of President Mobutu,
on the other hand, the latter requested -- and obtained -- that France take
charge of the training of a-second airborne brigade. As for the Belgians, they
officer the 2lst Brigade stationed in Lubumbashi. In the capital of Shaba,
Israeli advisers are also at work reorganizing the old Kamanyola division.

For their part, Chinese military experts officer the 41st Brigade in the north-
east. Finally, the Americans have a military cooperation office in Kinshasa,
but they are not responsible for the training of troops. Some 20 Israeli ad-
visers, about 100 French, another 100 Belgians and a few dozen Chinese and
Americans again show the "Mobutu method": The chief of state is diversifying
his alliances, realizing that it is a priori impossible for the BSP troops

and those of the 31st Brigade, trained by different countries, to form an
alliance and oust him.

_ And yet, on the whole, the 60,000 men of the FAZ (Zairian Armed Forces) --
90,000 by the end of the year -~ are rather undisciplined and of debatable
military worth. In January, the chief of state tried to regain control of the
army, replacing the military leaders by competent young officers, whose proto- ~
type could be the current chief of staff, General Eluki, 45. At the same
time, four high-ranking officers have made their entrance on the Central
Committee (compared with one previously) and three of them are on the Politburo.

While the military officers are relatively satisfied with their fate, the
troops, generally underpaid, have little reason to be happy. "The president
relies on them, giving them just enough to survive," notes one military expert.
"The army represents less than 5 percent of the budget. In the long run, that
is not justifiable!" On this point, the military represents Zairian society
as a whole perfectly. Unable to get along on his wage, every citizen does the
best he can, which here is an art.

122


JPRS=SSA*85+100
17 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TRANSVAAL CONGRESS DELEGATE CRITICIZES BLACKS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 21 Aug 85 p 10

[article by Political Editorial Staff: "Blacks ‘Are Like Children'"]

[Text] Pretoria -- Blacks are like children and their eulture consists only
of "sex and nothing more." These people also cannot think for themselves, Mr
A. Marx, a delegate at the CP's [Conservative Party] Transvaal congress, said
here yesterday.

Mr Marx was taking part in discussing an agenda point on endorsing the CP
policy on white sovereignty. The black man is different from the Whites.
They are like children, he said. The Whites must have a culture in South
Africa in addition to territory. "Do you know what black culture is? You
townspeople do not know. The hard fact is we have to look what the black
man's culture is. The black man's whole life revolves around one word -- sex
-- and nothing more." Mr Marx said the black man cannot think ahead. "He
thinks in one dimension where you think in three dimensions."

The white man has to establish an economy for the black man because he cannot
do it himself. "He can't even make a'bicycle' in Africa. We have to create
an economy for him; we have to create work opportunities for him; we have to
arrange everything for him. We have to show him what discipline is. He no
longer has that. The cause of the stone-throwing is the children who do not
have fathers," Mr Marx said. About chief minister Mangosotho Buthelezi of
kwaZulu, Mr Marx said: "Buthelezi jumps around there among his people with
his loincloth between his legs, but on TV he appears with a black suit. He
does not want to be elected. He believes in status."

Another delegate, Mr C. De Beer, later said it is dangerous to ascribe certain
characteristics to all Blacks. It can cause the CP a lot of harm. Yet
another delegate said the "blind breeding" of Blacks should be eurbed. They
should be persuaded that smaller families are also to their own advantage.

When Dr Andries Treurnicht, leader of the CP, gave a reply to the discussion,
he said: "So, here and there an idiom was used which I think we should
disregard. In general, I think the drift of the discussion is in the same
direction."

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We have. a. great many state-owned enterprises now engaged in
commodity trading (rice, fish, meat, and sugar among them).
Despite adequate quantities imported, these enterprises cannot
manage to meet the needs of the people of Conakry. The ‘sérvice
chiefs and their employees have no hesitation at delivering all
the provisions to the big wholesalers who are out to make enor—
mous profits at the expense of consumers. And yet, these same
products, bought by merchants in neighboring countries, after all
the taxes levied upon them (not to mention that they get their
currency exchanged on the parallel market), are priced the same.

Is it time, then, to get government out of commodity markets

and do away with the fat advantages its agencies derive to the
serious detriment of the taxpayers? Or should these same pri-
vileges be extended to the private merchants? The second soli-
tion would hardly seem to be the better, in view of the shortage
of hard currency there. What the merchants hope most of all is
that this monetary question will find a quick solution. That
would spare them the burden of standing all day long in line at
the bank and at the numerous government offices merely to change
less than $10,000. For that to happen, the government would
have to get out of commodity trading.

De-governmentalization

But everybody knows that: have we not all heard that in this
state-run sector 2 x 2 = 9: you write off 4 for the state and
keep the other 5 for yourself? If at least every citizen of
this country could enjoy the benefits of the services of these
companies, we might stop and think a bit before doing away with
them. Standing in the way, though, is reality in ‘all its
cruelty: a boss who hires only 10 or so people draws 4 times as
much in "supplies" as does a mechanic (and that is when.the lat-—
ter manages to get his share). And we should still have to find
out whether or not the state warehouses actually do sell only
to government officials and the big merchants.

President Conte is certainly aware that nowhere in the’ world, in
the so-called liberal regimes, is there such a system of trade.
Therefore, he must be able to coerce his employees in commerce

to face facts. In other words, to see to it that those in charge
begin right now on an agenda of reform leading to privatization. .
Lowering prices demands that sacrifice. So long as there are three
prices for the same goods, consumers will be the only ones to suf-
fer the consequences.

Industrial Quantity

Guinea, in Africa, is certainly the country that boasts the most
engineers (agronimists, architects, urban planners, etc.), the
most doctors, the most pharmacists -- in short, the most senior
cadres. The fact is that, less than 20 years after independence,
the Polytechnic Institute at Conakry and the various

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