# San Marino - United States Department of State

- Transportation – Sabotage Convention – Notification of Deposit of Instrument; San Marino, April 19, 2024 Office of Treaty Affairs
- Transportation – Airport Protocol – Notification of Deposit of Instrument; San Marino, April 19, 2024 Office of Treaty Affairs
- Transportation – Hijacking Convention – Notification of Deposit of Instrument; San Marino, April 19, 2024 Office of Treaty Affairs
- San Marino HomeReportsBureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices&#8230;San Marino				hide	document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) {	if(window.jQuery) {		jQuery( document ).ready(function() {			if (jQuery(".bc_middle").hasClass("collapse")) {				jQuery(".bc_ellipse").click(function(){					jQuery(".bc_hide").toggleClass("visible");					jQuery(".bc_middle").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_ellipse").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_content").toggleClass("noflex");					jQuery(".block_breadcrumbs_content").toggleClass("noflex");				});				jQuery(".bc_hide").click(function(){					jQuery(".bc_hide").toggleClass("visible");					jQuery(".bc_middle").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_ellipse").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_content").toggleClass("noflex");					jQuery(".block_breadcrumbs_content").toggleClass("noflex");				});			} else {				jQuery(".bc_ellipse").hide();			}		});	}});																							2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: San Marino																																					Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor																																																																																							Download Report																																																							Translations																																																																 In this section										/																							EXECUTIVE SUMMARY																																													EXECUTIVE SUMMARY																															Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person																																																									a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings																																																																											b. Disappearance																																																																											c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses																																																																			Prison and Detention Center Conditions																																																																																																																		d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention																																																																			Arrest Procedures and Treatment of Detainees																																																																																																																		e. Denial of Fair Public Trial																																																																			Trial Procedures																																																								Political Prisoners and Detainees																																																																																																																		f. Transnational Repression																																																																											g. Property Seizure and Restitution																																																																											h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence																																																																																	Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties																																																									a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media																																																																			Internet Freedom																																																																																																																		b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association																																																																											c. Freedom of Religion																																																																											d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country																																																																											e. Protection of Refugees																																																																																	Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process																																																									Elections and Political Participation																																																																																	Section 4. Corruption in Government																															Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights																															Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses																																																									Women																																																																											Systemic Racial or Ethnic Violence and Discrimination																																																																											Children																																																																											Antisemitism																																																																											Trafficking in Persons																																																																											Acts of Violence, Criminalization, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity or Expression, or Sex Characteristics																																																																											Persons with Disabilities																																																																																	Section 7. Worker Rights																																																									a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining																																																																											b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor																																																																											c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment																																																																											d. Discrimination (see section 6)																																																																											e. Acceptable Conditions of Work																																																																																																							EXECUTIVE SUMMARY				There were no significant changes in the human rights situation in San Marino during the year.There were no credible reports of significant human rights abuses.The government took credible steps to identify and punish officials who may have committed human rights abuses.																														Section 1.													 Respect for the Integrity of the Person												    																																																a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings										There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings, including extrajudicial killings, during the year.																																				b. Disappearance										There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities.																																				c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses										The law prohibited such practices, and there were no credible reports that government officials employed them.																Prison and Detention Center Conditions						There were no significant reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights concerns.Administration: No allegations of mistreatment were reported to authorities.Independent Monitoring: The government permitted visits by independent nongovernmental observers and international bodies, including the Council of Europe’s Committee for the Prevention of Torture.																										d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention										The law prohibited arbitrary arrest and detention and provided for the right of any person to challenge the lawfulness of their arrest or detention in court. The government generally observed these requirements.																Arrest Procedures and Treatment of Detainees						Authorities did not detain individuals without judicial authorization unless they were arrested during the alleged commission of a crime. The law required individuals to be brought promptly before a judicial officer and informed of charges against them. Police were required to submit arrest reports within 48 hours to the investigating judge who, if the legal grounds for detention were satisfied, validated them within 96 hours. Thereafter, depending on the nature of the crime, detainees were either remanded for further proceedings, ordered released, or potentially placed under house arrest. These rights were respected.There was a well-functioning bail system. Authorities provided detainees prompt access to a lawyer of their choice. The state provided legal assistance to indigent persons, and there were no reports of limitations to this provision.																										e. Denial of Fair Public Trial										The law provided for an independent judiciary, and the government generally respected judicial independence and impartiality.																Trial Procedures						The law provided for the right to a fair and public trial, without undue delay, and an independent judiciary generally enforced this right.						Political Prisoners and Detainees						There were no reports of political prisoners or detainees.																										f. Transnational Repression										Not applicable.																																				g. Property Seizure and Restitution										No applicable.																																				h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence										The law prohibited such actions, and there were no reports the government failed to respect these prohibitions.																																					Section 2.													 Respect for Civil Liberties												    																																																a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media										The law provided for freedom of expression, including for members of the press and other media, and the government generally respected this right. An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combined to promote freedom of expression, including for members of the media.Freedom of Expression: The country’s laws prohibited persons from disseminating ideas based on racial superiority or on racial or ethnic hatred or from committing or encouraging others to commit discriminatory acts on the grounds of race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, or sexual orientation. There were no reports of prosecutions based on these laws.																Internet Freedom						The government did not restrict or disrupt access to the internet or censor online content.																										b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association										The law provided for the freedoms of peaceful assembly and association, and the government generally respected these rights.																																				c. Freedom of Religion										See the Department of State’s International Religious Freedom Report at  https://www.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/.																																				d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country										The law provided for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government generally respected these rights.																																				e. Protection of Refugees										The government cooperated with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to refugees or asylum seekers, as well as other persons of concern.Access to Asylum: The law provided for the granting of asylum or refugee status by an act of the cabinet, and the government established a system for providing protection to refugees.																																					Section 3.													 Freedom to Participate in the Political Process												    																						The law provided citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. Foreigners who resided in the country for at least 10 years could vote in local elections.																										Elections and Political Participation										Abuses or Irregularities in Recent Elections: Observers regarded the parliamentary elections in 2019 as generally fair and free of abuses and irregularities.																																					Section 4.													 Corruption in Government												    																						The law provided criminal penalties for corruption by officials, and the government generally implemented the law effectively. There were no reports of government corruption.																											Section 5.													 Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights												    																						A number of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction to monitor or investigate human rights conditions or cases and publish their findings. Government officials were often cooperative and responsive to the views of these groups.																											Section 6.													 Discrimination and Societal Abuses												    																																																Women										Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape of a person, regardless of gender, including spousal rape, was a criminal offense, and the government effectively prosecuted persons accused of such crimes. The penalty for rape was two to six years in prison. In aggravated circumstances the sentence was four to 10 years’ imprisonment.The law prohibited domestic violence, and the government effectively enforced it. Domestic violence was a criminal offense; the penalty for spousal abuse was two to six years in prison. In aggravated circumstances the prison term was four to eight years. Survivors of sexual violence were entitled to free psychological counsel.Discrimination: The law provided for the same legal status and rights for women as for men. The law regarding domestic violence and domestic abuse also prohibited gender-based discrimination. These laws were generally respected. The law explicitly mandated equal pay for work of equal value but, according to a labor union leader, women were sometimes employed at a lower level than men.Reproductive Rights: There were no reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization on the part of government authorities.The government provided access to sexual and reproductive health services for survivors of sexual violence. Emergency contraception and postexposure prophylaxis were available as part of the clinical management of rape.																																				Systemic Racial or Ethnic Violence and Discrimination										The law prohibited all kinds of discrimination, including racial or ethnic violence and discrimination. Racial and ethnic discrimination were aggravating circumstances for crimes, and the law was effectively enforced. There were no laws that specifically protected members of racial or ethnic minorities.																																				Children										Child Abuse: The law prohibited child abuse. When abuse was committed against a child, it constituted an aggravating circumstance. The government enforced these laws effectively.Child, Early, and Forced Marriage: The legal minimum age of marriage was 18, but a judge could authorize marriage at the age of 16 in special cases. The law was effectively enforced by the government.Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibited child pornography, including performances, works, and material, and provided for punishment of anyone trading in, providing, or in any way distributing child pornography. Authorities enforced the law. The law included punishment for providing information aimed at enticing or sexually exploiting children younger than 18, the minimum age of consent for sex. The penalty for this type of crime was imprisonment for two to six years, increased to four to 10 years if it involved sexual intercourse or if it was committed to the detriment of a child younger than 14 or a child younger than 18 who had physical or mental disabilities.																																				Antisemitism										There was an estimated Jewish population of a few dozen individuals in the country. There were no known reports of antisemitic incidents.																																				Trafficking in Persons										There were no confirmed reports during the year that the country was a source, destination, or transit country for victims of human trafficking.																																				Acts of Violence, Criminalization, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity or Expression, or Sex Characteristics										Criminalization: Laws did not criminalize same-sex sexual conduct between adults, cross-dressing, or other sexual or gender characteristic-related behaviors. Seemingly neutral laws were not disproportionally applied to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transexual, queer, or intersex (LGBTQI+) persons to justify arbitrary arrest.Violence and Harassment: Police or other government agents did not incite, perpetrate, condone, or tolerate violence or harassment against LGBTQI+ individuals or those reporting such abuse. There were no instances of violence or harassment by nonstate actors against LGBTQI+ persons or those reporting such abuse.Discrimination: The law prohibited discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics. The law also prohibited persons from encouraging others to commit discriminatory acts on the grounds of sexual orientation.The law provided that, when a person committed an offense motivated by hostility toward the victim’s sexual orientation, courts should consider such motivation as an aggravating circumstance when imposing sentence. An LGBTQI+ activist said this law was not always applied and noted there was no prescribed punishment for acts of discrimination.Civil unions, including those of same-sex couples, were permitted by law. The law granted same-sex couples rights equal to rights of other persons with the exception of the right to adopt children. There were anecdotal reports LGBTQI+ couples that had children via surrogacy or who wished to adopt a stepchild experienced challenges registering both parents on birth certificates because the law required a mother’s name to be listed. This created challenges to register children for school or other services and to ensure the parental rights of nonbiological parents.Availability of Legal Gender Recognition: Legal gender recognition was not provided for by the law. The government registered gender changes in a few instances following a determination by a judge that generally included a psychological evaluation or gender-affirming surgery. Changes to legal gender were not available for individuals younger than 16. The law did not address intersex provisions.Involuntary or Coercive Medical or Psychological Practices: Although not officially forbidden, there were no reported cases of so-called conversion therapy. There also were no reports of unnecessary surgeries performed on nonconsenting intersex children or adults.Restrictions of Freedom of Expression, Association, or Peaceful Assembly: There were no laws or other restrictions on individuals speaking or media reporting on LGBTQI+ matters, on the ability of LGBTQI+ individuals to assemble in public or private or to form associations, or on the ability of LGBTQI+ organizations to legally register or convene events.																																				Persons with Disabilities										Persons with disabilities had access to education, employment, health services, some public buildings, and transportation on an equal basis with others. The law required such access, and the government generally enforced the law effectively, but not all public buildings were accessible to persons with physical disabilities. There were no reported cases of discrimination against persons with disabilities.																																					Section 7.													 Worker Rights												    																																																a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining										The law provided for workers to form and join independent unions, bargain collectively, and conduct legal strikes. The law prohibited antiunion discrimination and required reinstatement of workers fired for union activities. Some limitations defined by the law applied to strikes by workers employed in “essential public services,” including health care, education, and transportation. The government effectively enforced applicable laws. Penalties were commensurate with those for analogous violations such as civil rights violations; they included fines and, in cases of recidivism, the prohibition of professional activity. Penalties were regularly applied against violators.The government and employers generally respected freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining, and the right to strike for workers.																																				b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor										See the Department of State’s annual Trafficking in Persons Report at  https://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report.																																				c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment										The law prohibited all of the worst forms of child labor. The minimum age for employment was 16, provided a child completed compulsory schooling. The law excluded children between the ages of 16 and 18 from hazardous jobs. The government effectively enforced child labor laws. Penalties were commensurate with those for analogous crimes. There were no confirmed reports during the year of the worst forms of child labor.																																				d. Discrimination (see section 6)																																														e. Acceptable Conditions of Work										Wage and Hour Laws: There was no national minimum wage. Industry-based minimum wages higher than the poverty income level existed for various industrial sectors. The law provided for a standard workweek between 36 and 40 hours and prohibited excessive or compulsory overtime. The law provided for paid holidays and provided premium pay for overtime (between 25 and 35 percent).Occupational Safety and Health: The government set appropriate occupational safety and health (OSH) standards for the main industries. The government proactively identified unsafe conditions. Workers could remove themselves from situations endangering health or safety without jeopardy to their employment.Wage, Hour, and OSH Enforcement: The government’s Labor Office generally enforced minimum wage, overtime, and OSH laws effectively. The Office of the Labor Inspector was responsible for receiving and investigating claims of workplace health and safety violations. A sufficient number of inspectors were responsible to enforce compliance. Inspectors had the authority to make unannounced visits and levy fines. The Agency for Environment and the Agency for Civil Protection were mandated to supervise implementation of legislation on safety and health in the workplace, as well as to investigate major accidents. There were a few exceptions to compliance, especially in the construction industry, where some employers did not consistently abide by safety regulations, such as workhour limitations and use of personal safety devices. Authorities did not always enforce health and safety standards in the informal sector.The penalties for failing to comply with the safety and health regulations provided by law ranged from a fine to imprisonment and were generally commensurate with those for similar crimes. Penalties were regularly applied against violators, although at least one labor union considered that the sanctions applied by authorities were not always adequate.																																				    							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Respect for the Integrity of the Person																																							a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings																																																						b. Disappearance																																																						c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses																																																				Prison and Detention Center Conditions																																																																																				d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention																																																				Arrest Procedures and Treatment of Detainees																																																																																				e. Denial of Fair Public Trial																																																				Trial Procedures																																												Political Prisoners and Detainees																																																																																				f. Transnational Repression																																																						g. Property Seizure and Restitution																																																						h. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence																																																			Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties																																							a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media																																																				Internet Freedom																																																																																				b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association																																																						c. Freedom of Religion																																																						d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country																																																						e. Protection of Refugees																																																			Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process																																							Elections and Political Participation																																																			Section 4. Corruption in Government																Section 5. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Monitoring and Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights																Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses																																							Women																																																						Systemic Racial or Ethnic Violence and Discrimination																																																						Children																																																						Antisemitism																																																						Trafficking in Persons																																																						Acts of Violence, Criminalization, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity or Expression, or Sex Characteristics																																																						Persons with Disabilities																																																			Section 7. Worker Rights																																							a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining																																																						b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor																																																						c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment																																																						d. Discrimination (see section 6)																																																						e. Acceptable Conditions of Work																																																									Tags																					Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor																								Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs																								San Marino
- Republic of San Marino National Day Antony J. Blinken, Secretary of StateOn behalf of the United States of America, I extend my warm wishes to the people of San Marino as they celebrate today’s Feast of Saint Marinus, and with it, the founding of the world’s oldest extant republic.Over the centuries, the Republic of San Marino has served as an enduring example of self-governance and independence to freedom-loving people around the world.  The United States values its relationship with San Marino, defined by shared values and principles.  We look forward to continuing our work with San Marino on international trade and the promotion of democracy and human rights.The United States is proud to count San Marino as a friend and partner and wishes the Sammarinese people a happy Feast of Saint Marinus and a successful year ahead.
- San Marino HomeReportsOffice of International Religious Freedom2022 Report on International Religious Freedom&#8230;San Marino				hide	document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) {	if(window.jQuery) {		jQuery( document ).ready(function() {			if (jQuery(".bc_middle").hasClass("collapse")) {				jQuery(".bc_ellipse").click(function(){					jQuery(".bc_hide").toggleClass("visible");					jQuery(".bc_middle").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_ellipse").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_content").toggleClass("noflex");					jQuery(".block_breadcrumbs_content").toggleClass("noflex");				});				jQuery(".bc_hide").click(function(){					jQuery(".bc_hide").toggleClass("visible");					jQuery(".bc_middle").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_ellipse").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_content").toggleClass("noflex");					jQuery(".block_breadcrumbs_content").toggleClass("noflex");				});			} else {				jQuery(".bc_ellipse").hide();			}		});	}});																							2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: San Marino																																					Office of International Religious Freedom																																																																																							Download Report																																																																																	 In this section										/																							Executive Summary																																													Executive Summary																															Section I. Religious Demography																																																																																		Section II. Status of Government Respect for Religious Freedom																																																									Legal Framework																																																																											Government Practices																																																																																	Section III. Status of Societal Respect for Religious Freedom																																																																																		Section IV. U.S. Government Policy and Engagement																																																																																																								Executive Summary				The law prohibits religious discrimination and restrictions on religious freedom and provides for prosecution of religious hate crimes. Religious groups recognized by the government are eligible to receive contributions from income tax earmarked by individual taxpayers. The law requires Catholic religious instruction in all public schools but guarantees the right of nonparticipation without penalty, and it provides for alternative ethics classes for students who opt out of Catholic instruction.In September, the Grand and General Council (parliament) passed a law legalizing abortion during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, which reflected the country’s vote on the issue in a 2021 referendum. The Catholic Church strongly opposed the new law for taking life and also criticized certain provisions of the law.There were no reports of significant societal actions affecting religious freedom.The U.S. Consulate General in Florence, Italy, oversees bilateral relations with San Marino. During visits and telephone discussions, the U.S. Consul General discussed the importance of religious tolerance in meetings with officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.																														Section I.													 Religious Demography												    																																															The U.S. government estimates the total population at 34,682 (midyear 2022). While it does not collect statistics on the size of religious groups, the San Marino government continues to report the vast majority of the population is Roman Catholic. Other religious groups present include Jehovah’s Witnesses, the Baha’i Faith, Islam, Judaism, Orthodox Christianity, and the Waldensian Church. According to a 2021 report on religious freedom in the country by the Roman Catholic organization Aid to the Church in Need International, the population is 91.5 percent Christian, 5.6 percent agnostic, 1.9 percent atheist, and 1 percent other.																																					Section II.													 Status of Government Respect for Religious Freedom												    																																																Legal Framework										The Declaration of Citizen Rights and Fundamental Principles, which holds constitutional status, provides for freedom of religion and prohibits religious-based discrimination and restrictions on religious freedom, except for the protection of public order and general welfare. The criminal code provides for possible prison terms of six months to three years for discrimination, including that based on religion. Discrimination on the basis of religion may also constitute an aggravating circumstance for other types of crime. In these cases, penalties may be increased. The law prohibits hate crimes and speech that defiles religious groups, with violators subject to imprisonment for a period of three months to one year.A concordat signed in 1992 between the government and the Holy See provides that Catholic chaplains deliver spiritual assistance to hospital patients, retirement home residents, and prison inmates. A fund established under the concordat in 1993 and drawn from citizens’ voluntary income tax allocations supports the Catholic Church’s humanitarian, welfare, and social activities as well as the maintenance of religious sites. The law allows taxpayers to allocate 0.3 percent of their income tax payments to the Catholic Church or to other religious or secular groups recognized as nonprofit organizations. Taxpayers need not be members of a group to earmark a contribution. Religious organizations must be legally recognized in the country to receive this benefit.To obtain legal recognition, religious organizations are required to submit to the government evidence of nonprofit activities and annual reports, which include their budget, and the procedure required by the association for its approval. The government may periodically audit and inspect organizations, require them to submit additional documentation, and investigate any complaints from organization members or third parties.The law forbids media professionals from generating and spreading information that may discriminate against someone on the basis of religion, among other factors. Anyone may report a case to the Authority for Information, a government body, which may take disciplinary action. The authority may issue sanctions for a violation of the code, ranging from a warning to censure, suspension, or removal from the professional register. These sanctions are in addition to the ones already provided in the criminal code.There are no private religious schools, and the law requires religious education in public schools. Public schools offer only Catholic religious instruction. A 2018 addendum to the concordat signed with the Holy See grants Catholic instruction equal status with other subjects taught in schools. The Catholic curriculum includes comparisons between Christianity and other religions and between the Bible and other religious texts. The Catholic Church selects the religious education teachers, who may be religious or lay personnel, and the state pays their salaries. The law guarantees students the right to opt out of religious instruction without penalty. Students (or their parents, if the student is younger than 18) must choose to opt out at the beginning of each school year. The law requires students in primary and secondary schools who choose not to attend Catholic religious instruction to attend an alternative “ethics, culture, and society” class.The country is party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.																																				Government Practices										According to most recent data from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in 2021, 189 nonprofit organizations, six more than in 2020, received contributions from taxpayers in accordance with the law. The government did not indicate how many of these organizations were religious, but among them were the Catholic Church, a number of Catholic associations, the Orthodox Church, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and the Baha’i Faith.Catholic symbols remained common in government buildings, including schools and courtrooms. Crucifixes continued to hang on courtroom and government office walls. The government continued to maintain a public meditation and prayer site in the capital for use by worshippers of any religion.Following a referendum in 2021 in which 77 percent of those voting approved legalizing abortion, in September, parliament passed a law legalizing abortion during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy after a medical consultation, and after 12 weeks under certain circumstances, including if serious anomalies of the fetus put the woman’s health or life at risk. The local Catholic Church strongly criticized the new law, stating that “no law can make the taking of human life morally licit.” The Catholic Church also said it opposed specific provisions of the law, such as the one removing the 12-week time limit on abortions in cases of physical anomalies or malformation of the fetus, and the one limiting conscientious objection for doctors who oppose abortion.The government approved a decree in October that further specified the national Catholic curriculum by detailing the objectives of Catholic instruction for all grades, from kindergarten to senior high school.In their inauguration speech in April, the newly elected Captains Regent (heads of state) Oscar Mina and Paolo Rondelli stressed the importance of the professional media avoiding any kind of discrimination, including religious discrimination, in its reporting.																																					Section III.													 Status of Societal Respect for Religious Freedom												    																																															There were no reports of significant societal actions affecting religious freedom.																																					Section IV.													 U.S. Government Policy and Engagement												    																																															The U.S. Consulate General in Florence, Italy, oversees bilateral relations with San Marino. During telephone discussions throughout the year and official visits in April and October, the Consul General discussed religious issues, including the Catholic Church’s reaction to the new abortion law, with officials at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.																																				    							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Religious Demography																																																	Section II. Status of Government Respect for Religious Freedom																																							Legal Framework																																																						Government Practices																																																			Section III. Status of Societal Respect for Religious Freedom																																																	Section IV. U.S. Government Policy and Engagement																																																							Tags																					Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs																								Office of International Religious Freedom																																Religious Freedom																															San Marino
- San Marino HomeReportsBureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor2022 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices&#8230;San Marino				hide	document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) {	if(window.jQuery) {		jQuery( document ).ready(function() {			if (jQuery(".bc_middle").hasClass("collapse")) {				jQuery(".bc_ellipse").click(function(){					jQuery(".bc_hide").toggleClass("visible");					jQuery(".bc_middle").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_ellipse").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_content").toggleClass("noflex");					jQuery(".block_breadcrumbs_content").toggleClass("noflex");				});				jQuery(".bc_hide").click(function(){					jQuery(".bc_hide").toggleClass("visible");					jQuery(".bc_middle").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_ellipse").toggle();					jQuery(".bc_content").toggleClass("noflex");					jQuery(".block_breadcrumbs_content").toggleClass("noflex");				});			} else {				jQuery(".bc_ellipse").hide();			}		});	}});																							2022 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: San Marino																																					Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor																																																																																							Download Report																																																							Translations																																																																 In this section										/																							EXECUTIVE SUMMARY																																													EXECUTIVE SUMMARY																															Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person																																																									a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings																																																																											b. Disappearance																																																																											c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses																																																																			Prison and Detention Center Conditions																																																																																																																		d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention																																																																			Arrest Procedures and Treatment of Detainees																																																																																																																		e. Denial of Fair Public Trial																																																																			Trial Procedures																																																								Political Prisoners and Detainees																																																								Civil Judicial Procedures and Remedies																																																																																																																		f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence																																																																																	Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties																																																									a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media																																																																			Internet Freedom																																																																																																																		b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association																																																																											c. Freedom of Religion																																																																											d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country																																																																											e. Protection of Refugees																																																																																	Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process																																																																												Elections and Political Participation																																																																																	Section 4. Corruption and Lack of Transparency in Government																																																																																		Section 5. Governmental Posture Toward International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights																																																																																		Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses																																																									Women																																																																											Systemic Racial or Ethnic Violence and Discrimination																																																																											Children																																																																											Antisemitism																																																																											Trafficking in Persons																																																																											Acts of Violence, Criminalization, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity or Expression, or Sex Characteristics																																																																											Persons with Disabilities																																																																																	Section 7. Worker Rights																																																									a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining																																																																											b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor																																																																											c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment																																																																											d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation																																																																											e. Acceptable Conditions of Work																																																																																																							EXECUTIVE SUMMARY				The Republic of San Marino is a multiparty democracy. Twice yearly, the popularly elected unicameral Great and General Council (parliament) selects two of its members to serve as captains regent (coheads of state). They preside over meetings of the Council and of the Congress of State (cabinet), which has no more than 10 other members (secretaries of state), selected by the Council. Parliamentary elections were held in 2019, and observers considered them generally free and fair.The Civil Police operates under the authority of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The captains regent oversee the Gendarmerie (national police force) and National Guard (military) when they are performing duties related to public order and security. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs exercises control over such administrative functions as personnel and equipment, and the courts exercise control over the Gendarmerie when it acts as judicial police. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces.There were no reports of significant human rights abuses.The government had mechanisms in place to identify, investigate, and prosecute officials who commit human rights abuses or engage in corruption.																														Section 1.													 Respect for the Integrity of the Person												    																																																a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings										There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings.																																				b. Disappearance										There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities.																																				c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and Other Related Abuses										The law prohibits such practices, and there were no reports that government officials employed them.																Prison and Detention Center Conditions						There were no significant reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights concerns.Administration:  No allegations of mistreatment were reported to authorities.Independent Monitoring:  The government permitted visits by independent nongovernmental observers and international bodies, including the Council of Europe’s Committee for the Prevention of Torture.																										d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention										The law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention and provides for the right of any person to challenge the lawfulness of his or her arrest or detention in court.  The government generally observed these requirements.																Arrest Procedures and Treatment of Detainees						Warrants based on sufficient evidence and issued by a duly authorized official are required for authorities to apprehend persons other than those who are caught and arrested during the alleged commission of a crime.  Authorities did not detain individuals without judicial authorization or in secret.  Police promptly informed detainees of charges against them.  There was a well-functioning bail system.  Authorities provided detainees prompt access to a lawyer of their choice and to family members.  The state provided legal assistance to indigent persons, and there were no reports of limitations to this provision.  The law provides for an apprehended person to be detained in prison, in a treatment facility, or under house arrest.  The person may be ordered also to remain in the country while their case is pending trial.  There were no reports that authorities detained or held persons incommunicado.																										e. Denial of Fair Public Trial										The law provides for an independent judiciary, and the government generally respected judicial independence and impartiality.																Trial Procedures						The law provides for the right to a fair and public trial, without undue delay, and an independent judiciary generally enforced this right.  A law approved in March introduced the plea bargain, the review of precautionary measures, and extended in certain circumstances the right of defendants from two to three levels of appeal.						Political Prisoners and Detainees						There were no reports of political prisoners or detainees.						Civil Judicial Procedures and Remedies						Individuals may seek civil remedies for human rights abuses through domestic courts.  A law approved in March provided for the mandatory review of precautionary measures.  Administrative as well as judicial remedies exist for alleged wrongdoing, including human rights abuses.  After they have exhausted all routes for appeal in the domestic courts, citizens may appeal cases involving alleged government violations of the European Convention on Human Rights to the European Court of Human Rights.																										f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence										The law prohibits such actions, and there were no reports that the government failed to respect these prohibitions.																																					Section 2.													 Respect for Civil Liberties												    																																																a. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media										The law provides for freedom of expression, including for members of the press and other media, and the government generally respected this right.  An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combined to promote freedom of expression, including for members of the media.Freedom of Expression:  The country’s laws prohibit persons from disseminating, by any means, ideas based on racial superiority or on racial or ethnic hatred or from committing or encouraging others to commit discriminatory acts on the grounds of race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, or sexual orientation.  There were no reports of prosecutions based on these laws.																Internet Freedom						The government did not restrict or disrupt access to the internet or censor online content, and there were no reports that the government monitored private online communications without appropriate legal authority.																										b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association										The law provides for the freedoms of peaceful assembly and association, and the government generally respected these rights.																																				c. Freedom of Religion										See the Department of State’s International Religious Freedom Report at  https://www.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/.																																				d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country										The law provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government generally respected these rights.																																				e. Protection of Refugees										The government cooperated with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, stateless persons, and other persons of concern.Access to Asylum: The government may grant refugee status or asylum by an act of the cabinet.																																					Section 3.													 Freedom to Participate in the Political Process												    																																															The law provides citizens the ability to choose their government in free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage.  Foreigners who have resided in the country for at least 10 years may vote in local elections.																																				Elections and Political Participation										Recent Elections: Observers regarded the parliamentary elections in 2019 as generally free and fair.Participation of Women and Members of Minority Groups: No laws limit the participation of women or members of minority groups, including persons with disabilities and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) persons, in the political process, and they did participate. Women accounted for 10 percent of ministerial positions.																																					Section 4.													 Corruption and Lack of Transparency in Government												    																																															The law provides criminal penalties for corruption by officials, and the government generally implemented the law effectively.  There were no reports of government corruption during the year.																																					Section 5.													 Governmental Posture Toward International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights												    																																															A number of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases.  Government officials often were cooperative and responsive to their views.																																					Section 6.													 Discrimination and Societal Abuses												    																																																Women										Rape and Domestic Violence: Rape of a person, regardless of gender, including spousal rape, is a criminal offense, and the government effectively prosecuted persons accused of such crimes. The penalty for rape is two to six years in prison. In aggravated circumstances the sentence is four to 10 years. No figures for cases of rape or domestic violence were available.The law prohibits domestic violence, and the government effectively enforced it. Domestic violence is a criminal offense; the penalty for spousal abuse is two to six years in prison. In aggravated circumstances the prison term is four to eight years.Sexual Harassment: The government effectively enforced the law criminalizing sexual harassment. In October the trial began of a former head of state for alleged sexual harassment committed in March, when he was still serving in that position; it was still ongoing at year’s end.Reproductive Rights: There were no reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization on the part of government authorities.The government provided access to sexual and reproductive health services for survivors of sexual violence. Emergency contraception was available as part of the clinical management of rape. Access to abortions is allowed under a law approved in September, following a referendum held in September 2021.Discrimination: The law provides for the same legal status and rights for women as for men. The law regarding domestic violence and domestic abuse also prohibits gender-based discrimination.																																				Systemic Racial or Ethnic Violence and Discrimination										The law prohibits all kinds of discrimination, including racial or ethnic violence and discrimination. Racial and ethnic discrimination are aggravating circumstances for crimes and the law is regularly enforced. There are no laws that specifically protect members of racial or ethnic minorities.																																				Children										Birth Registration: Citizenship derives from either parent, including adoptive parents, or if both parents are unknown or stateless, by birth in the country’s territory. Births must be registered within 10 days.Child Abuse: The law prohibits child abuse. When abuse is committed against a minor, it constitutes an aggravating circumstance.Child, Early, and Forced Marriage: The legal minimum age of marriage is 18, but a judge can authorize the marriage of minors at the age of 16 in special cases.Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits child pornography, including performances, works, and material, and provides for punishment of anyone trading in, providing, or in any way distributing child pornography. Authorities enforced the law. The law includes punishment for providing information aimed at enticing or sexually exploiting children younger than 18, the minimum age of consent for sex. The penalty for this type of crime is imprisonment for two to six years, increased to four to 10 years if it involves sexual intercourse or if it has been committed to the detriment of a child younger than 14 or a child younger than 18 who has physical or mental disabilities.																																				Antisemitism										There is a small Jewish population in the country. There were no reports of antisemitic acts.																																				Trafficking in Persons										There were no confirmed reports during the year that San Marino was a source, destination, or transit country for victims of human trafficking.																																				Acts of Violence, Criminalization, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity or Expression, or Sex Characteristics										Criminalization: Laws do not criminalize same-sex sexual conduct between adults nor so-called “cross-dressing.” Seemingly neutral laws were not disproportionally applied to LGBTQI+ persons to justify arbitrary arrest.Violence against LGBTQI+ Persons: There were no known cases of violence against LGBTQI+ persons during the year.Discrimination: The law forbids discrimination based on sex or sexual orientation, as well as personal, economic, social, political, or religious status.The law provides that, when a person commits an offense motivated by hostility toward the victim’s sexual orientation, courts should consider such motivation as an aggravating circumstance when imposing sentence. The law prohibits persons from committing or encouraging others to commit discriminatory acts on the grounds of sexual orientation.Availability of Legal Gender Recognition: Legal gender recognition is not officially provided by the law, although the government has registered gender change in a few instances, following a legal determination.Involuntary or Coercive Medical or Psychological Practices Specifically Targeting LGBTQI+ Individuals: No cases of so-called conversion therapy or of unnecessary surgeries performed on intersex persons were reported during the year.Restrictions of Freedom of Expression, Association, or Peaceful Assembly: No restrictions on the freedoms of expression, association, or assembly of LGBTQI+ persons, nor of those speaking out about LGBTQI+ issues, were reported during the year.																																				Persons with Disabilities										The law prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, and mental disabilities. The government generally enforced these prohibitions effectively, but not all public buildings were accessible to persons with physical disabilities. An NGO requested that the government effectively guarantee the right to live an independent life to persons with disabilities.Independent research published in March and conducted during the first phase of the pandemic to evaluate access to health care for persons with disabilities found there are many steps to be taken to make access to health care equal and inclusive. There were no reported cases of discrimination against persons with disabilities.																																					Section 7.													 Worker Rights												    																																																a. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining										The law provides for workers to form and join independent unions, bargain collectively, and conduct legal strikes. The law prohibits antiunion discrimination and requires reinstatement of workers fired for union activities. Some limitations defined by the law apply to strikes by workers employed in “essential public services,” including health care, education, and transportation. The government effectively enforced applicable laws without lengthy delays. Penalties were commensurate with those for similar violations. Penalties include fines and in cases of recidivism the prohibition of professional activity. Penalties were regularly applied against violators.The government and employers generally respected freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining. Worker organizations were independent of the government and political parties. During the year there were no reports that the government interfered in union activities, sought to dissolve unions, or used excessive force to end strikes or protests, nor were there any reports of antiunion discrimination.																																				b. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor										The law prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor, and the government effectively enforced such laws. Resources, remediation efforts, and investigations appeared adequate and effective, although information on penalties for violations was not available.According to the Office of the Labor Inspector, no cases of forced labor were reported.																																				c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment										The law prohibits the worst forms of child labor. The minimum age for employment is 16, and the law excludes minors between the ages of 16 and 18 from hazardous jobs. Minors cannot work more than eight hours per day and are not allowed to work overtime. The government effectively enforced child labor laws and devoted adequate resources and oversight to child labor policies. Penalties were commensurate with those for similar crimes, and inspection was sufficient to enforce compliance. During the year the Office of the Labor Inspector received no reports of illegal child labor.																																				d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation										The law prohibits discrimination with respect to employment and occupation based on race, color, sex, religion, political opinion, national origin or citizenship, social origin, disability, sexual orientation or gender identity, age, language, or HIV or AIDS status, or other communicable diseases. The law explicitly mandates equal pay for work of equal value. The law does not specifically prohibit discrimination in access to credit based on sex.The government effectively enforced these laws and regulations, and penalties were commensurate with those for similar violations. There were no official cases of discrimination in employment or occupation brought during the year.																																				e. Acceptable Conditions of Work										Wage and Hour Laws: There is no national minimum wage. Industry-based minimum wages higher than the poverty income level existed for various industrial sectors. The law provides for a standard workweek of 37.5 hours and prohibits excessive or compulsory overtime. The law provides for paid holidays and provides premium pay for overtime.Occupational Safety and Health: The government set appropriate occupational safety and health (OSH) standards for the main industries.Wage, Hour, and OSH Enforcement: The government’s Labor Office generally enforced labor standards effectively. The Office of the Labor Inspector has responsibility for receiving and investigating claims of workplace health and safety violations. A sufficient number of inspectors were responsible for identifying unsafe situations and have the authority to make unannounced visits and levy fines. The Agency for Environment and the Agency for Civil Protection are mandated to supervise the implementation of legislation on safety and health in the workplace as well as to investigate major accidents. There were a few exceptions to compliance, especially in the construction industry, where some employers did not consistently abide by safety regulations, such as workhour limitations and use of personal safety devices. Authorities did not always enforce health and safety standards in the informal sector. There were no reports of fatalities or serious injuries to workers during the year.The penalties for failing to comply with the safety and health regulations provided by law range from a fine to imprisonment and were generally commensurate with those for similar crimes. Penalties were regularly applied against violators. One labor union considered that the sanctions applied by authorities were not always adequate.																																				    							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- Antarctic Treaty – Notification of Deposit of Instrument; San Marino, February 14, 2023 Office of Treaty Affairs
- Business and Investment Opportunities in the Republic of San Marino Bureau of Economic and Business AffairsTopic: “Business and Investment Opportunities in the Republic of San Marino” Host: U.S. Consul General Ragini Gupta Date and Time: Recorded in October 2022 and Released in February 2023Brief Description of Call:  Join U.S. Consul General Ragini Gupta and the Republic of San Marino&#8217;s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Luca Beccari, to hear about business opportunities for U.S. companies in the Republic of San Marino.  In this video, Minister Beccari welcomes investment in hospitality and leisure, heath infrastructure, nutraceuticals, digital services, FinTech, HealthTech, and GreenTech.Supporting statistics for U.S. businesses and investors interested in the Republic of San Marino:  In the last decade, the country reformed its banking and finance sectors, diversified its economy, and passed legislation to create a strong ecosystem for innovation and digitization The leading contributors to San Marino’s GDP are manufacturing (33.6%, including pharmaceutical, packaging and ceramic tiles manufacturing) and service (26.2%), with trading, financial and insurance activities, transportation, and construction also contributing Tourism is an important facet of the country’s economy with over 2 million visitors every year San Marino has a $165 million positive net export balance of trade San Marino initiated an economic modernization process centering around high-tech manufacturing, digital service, and health sectors San Marino has a highly competitive tax regime with:17% single import flat tax 8.5-17% corporate tax rate 0-8% corporate tax rate for highly innovative corporations  9-35% personal revenue tax rate  There is growth in investments in hospitality and leisure, heath infrastructure, nutraceuticals, digital services, FinTech, HealthTech, and GreenTechSan Marino plans to build a new, state&#8211;of&#8211;the&#8211;art medical care facility and hospital featuring personalized medical therapies in oncology, radiotherapy and robotic surgery. This is a potential opportunity for U.S. health care and related services companies.U.S. Companies interested in getting in touch with our Commercial Team to do business or invest in the Republic of San Marino: Our Commercial Specialist performs match-making services, conducts due diligence checks, and advises U.S. companies on specific considerations related to individual business cases.  U.S. companies should email Michele Comelli at comellim@state.gov.The State Department’s Office of Commercial and Business Affairs understands that U.S. companies are busy and cannot always join us live for our webinars.  To connect more U.S. companies with business opportunities overseas, we are offering readouts from our calls, including:  pared down video excerpts from the live Direct Line presentations, and the most compelling statistics presented in the webinar, as well as direct contact with our Embassy officials liaising on these in-country opportunities.  If you have feedback on this new feature of the Direct Line program, questions regarding this specific opportunity, or ideas for future Direct Lines, please reach out to our Direct Line staff at directlinenotification@state.gov. 
- San Marino National Day Antony J. Blinken, Secretary of StateOn behalf of the United States of America, I send my warm wishes to the people of San Marino as they celebrate the Feast of Saint Marinus, and with it, the founding of the world’s oldest republic.The United States values its relationship with San Marino, defined by shared values and principles ever since diplomatic relations were established between the two countries in 1861. This year marks the 161st anniversary of President Abraham Lincoln’s letter to the Regent Captains accepting an offer of honorary citizenship on May 7, 1861. The United States looks forward to continuing our work with San Marino on international trade and the promotion of democracy and human rights.The United States is proud to count San Marino as a friend and partner and wishes the people of San Marino a joyous Feast of Saint Marinus and a successful year ahead.