MOZAMBIQUE,

NEW APPOINTMENTS IN CIVIL AVIATION ANNOUNCED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 3 Mar 87 p &

[Text] A reshuffling of management and technical cadres in important sectors
of civil aviation was announced in Maputo last Saturday by Armando Guebuza,
minister of transport and telecommunications.

Announcement of the appointments came at the close of the meeting by the
Coordinating Council of the Ministry of Transport and ‘Telecommunications,
which had been deliberating throughout last week.

Here are those appointments:

Civil Aviation

Dr Paulo Muxanga has been appointed national director of civil aviation.

Engineer Iuis Azambujo has been appointed civil aviation director of
management and planning.

Mozambique Airlines (LAM)
Engineer Jose Ricardo Viegas has been appointed director general.

Engineer Carlos Morgado has been appointed deputy director general and
director of operations.

Jeremias Tchamo has been appointed assistant to the director general for
economic and financial matters.

Maria Salome Figueiredo has been appointed director of the Department of
Commercial Planning.

Vasco Morbey Ferro has been appointed representative in the legal Office
[sentence yarbled; possibly director of legal affairs intended]

luis Gonzaga Jeque has been appointed representative in Lisbon, Portugal.

55



GHANA

CIVIL DEFENCE SUPPLEMENTS SECURITY AGENCIES ACTIVITIES

Accra PKOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 4 Apr 87 p 7

[Article by Abigail Bonsa]

[Text]

.DR Sanat Panford, Pu-
blic Affairs Director of
the Civil Defence Orga-.
nisation (CDO), has said
that the organisation
does not seek to displace
established security or-
gans of the state hut to
provide general support
services to them.

He said though the CDO-
system was initially insti-
tuted in response to popu
lar public demand in the
face of imminent dissident
threat. 1° is also to afford

tively participate in natio-
nal programmes for deve-
lopment.

He was briefing news-
men at the CDO national

heatlquarters in Accra
sterday about the objec
ves and activities marking
the organisation's newly
introduced “National
Awareness Day” which
falls todav.

19274

cs0: 3400/595

He reiterated — the
PNDC's commitment to
ensure the involvement of
all Ghanaians in both the
development and defence
of the country and said in
view of this, the CDO seeks
to educate workers and
communities on what todo
in the face of certain emer-

‘cording to Dr
Panford. is to ensure that
the public is both mentally
‘sically prepared to
combat emergencies in a
manner that would mini-
mise fear in the society.

He explained that while
the CDO concept is mo-
delled on the stvle of the
Asafo companies in the
country. the organisation
adds to its training pro-
grammes. the study of po-
fitical science. fieldcraft.
weapon training among
others to prepare members
to.stand up to all kinds of
situations.

Dr Panford pointed out
that though the organisa-
tion is a voluntary one for
persons with high moral.
standards and genuine pa-
triotism. persons wishing
to enter need to satisfy

On the recent public
outery against some of the
ivities of CDO person-
nel, Dr Panford said the
DO like every human i
stitution has its peecu
problems. "
He said among a number
of measures introduced to
forestall such situations,
are severe discipline, out-

right dismissals and t
ment of the mil
which is to act as
ities of

members.

He said as.a further step
to achieve a disciplined
and well cultured orga
sation, entry into the mi
tia is now based on se-
condment of persons from

21

their places of work. These -
people also go through se-,
vies of vetting.

Dr Panford added that.a
number of unemployed
persons already in the mi-
ia who have satisfied all
conditions for mem-
p are now being
trained in sueh vocations
as tailoring and-construc-
tion work. .

He called on the public
to challenge any member
of the CDO who harasses
them without authority
and to report such cases to:
the CDO head office.

Activities planned for
the occasion include a rou-
te march through the
ipal streets of Accra.a
up exercise at the

osium at the Social
Institute o1
Wednestay. April 8. 1987.



}

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Springfield, Virginia 22161.



At the same time the country requires that the agricultural sector, like
any other business sector, should operate on a sound economic basis. Close
adherence to free market principles has been stipulated as the framework
within which a national strategy must develop in agriculture, and in recent
years there has been progress towards greater market orientation in deter—
mining administered prices and reducing restrictive marketing regulations.

A grazing strategy to stop the deterioration of the country's natural
pasturage is already being implemented as part of a program to achieve optimal
resource utilization. The minister of agriculture has also noticed that in
future financial assistance will be granted on merit in terms of its cost
effectiveness. For the past 35 years South Africa's farmers have increased
their production at a rate higher than the growth of the population. It is a
measure of a proud record of consistent achievement. Maintaining that record
is the challenge with which they and the authorities are now confronted.

/8309
CSO: 3400/637 END

115



which so fabulously enriches some patasites whe do little or nothing but
who amass colossal profits.

In due time, we will take up the phenomenon of the black market afd the
economic and administrative battle that must be waged against it, because
today, in terms of value, the black market is more important than the off.

market. ‘Io illustrate this, it is enough to note that 40,000 tons of sugar,
at 33 meticals per kilogram, is worth 1.32 million contos, whereas 10,000 tons

of sugar, at 400 meticals per kilogram, amounts to 4 million contos. In
practice, the state subsidy is also used to advantaye by the black marketeers.

al

6362
CSU: 3442/121

64



NONRACIAL MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS SEEN POSSIBLE BY MARCH £988
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 20 Mar 87 p 1

[Article by Jim Freeman]

NAMIBIA

[Text] A non-racial municipal election could be held in Windhoek and the
capital obtain its first black mayor as early as next March--if the central
government would stop dragging its feet on amending electoral legislation.

Chairman of the city’s
management committee,
Mr Gunther Kaschik, has
refuted proposals by out-
going mayor Joey Olivier
this week for separate
councils for Windhoek,
Khomnasdal and
Katutura, He said he had
held talks with the coun-
cils of Khomasdal and
Katutura last year and
their clear message was
for one city council.

However, there would be
three management committees

— one for each municipal ad-
ministration — because there
might be aspects still unique to
the thrre different parts of the
city. .

Mr Kaschik told The Adver-
tiser that, if a non-racial elec-
tion could be held, it was obvi-
ous in terms of voter numbers
(Windhoek whites 37 000,
Khomasdal 30000 and
Katutura 54 000) that the next
mayor of the capital would be
black.

19274
csO+ 3400/617

“We do not want a black
figurehead just to please. If we
can find a suitable personality,
then it makes sense to have a
black mayor’

In her annual report tabled
at this weck’s council meeting,
Mrs Olivier marked her relii
quishing of the chain of office
by saying municipal elections
should be held, but for three
(ethnic) municipalities.

She further proposed that
since there were not enough
residents in other towns in
Namibia to justify such a sys-
tem, the platteland should be-
come desegregated.

The new mayor, Mr Eugene
Joubert, scems to be more in
line with councillor Kaschik’s
view of the future.

Thedelay arises from central
governnient regarding the is-
sue of a non-racial municipal
voters’ roll as a constitutional
matter, . .

Mr Kaschik said today that
if the dispute was resolved
quickly and clectoral legisla-
tion was ameided, .a voters’
roll could be drawn up for an

75

election within a year.
Addressing this week's
council meeting, he said he had
heard a committee had been
appointed to advise the Cabi-

net on municipal elections this

ar.

He added that some mem-
bers of the committee were ig-
norant of .municipal proce-
dures and were “toying with
the idea of recommending the
one-man one-vote system” for
a third:tier election.

Mr Kaschik said: “(B)y all
means get rid of the discrimi-
nation in our ordinance ... but
don't. forget that we talk here
about services to the commu-
nity and not politics.

“(S)ervices cost money and
those who supply the neces-
sary funds to pay for these
iservices should decide where
and when and what to do: not

jevery Tom, Dick and Harry, or
ishould | rather say every
Jonah, Johannes or. Paulus
who happens to be in‘ town at
the time of a municipal elec-
tion. That would be disas-
trous:”



ANGOLA

FISHING INDUSTRY STATISTICS ANNOUNCED FOR NAMIBE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 18 Feb 87 p 3°

[Text] | Namibe--The Namibe Provincial Office of the Ministry of Fishing took
in monetary income totaling 2,300,000,000 kwanzas during 1986. Of this total,
550 million kwanzas went to the state coffers, the ANGOP learned recently from
the provincial fishing representative, Vasco Martins.

Of the total mentioned above, 1.5 billion kwanzas came from the sale by the
EDIPESCA of 10,140 tons of dried and half-cured fish, 25,597 tons of frozen
fish and 1,500 tons of canned fish to the provinces in the southern, central
and eastern part of the country.

According to Vasco Martins, the production indices reported for last year came
to 10,000 tons of salted and dried fish, 10,800,000 of frozen fish, 1,284,000
of canned fish and.980,000 of fish meal,

The Namibe provincial representative of the Ministry of Fishing also spoke
about some projects financed by the European Economic Community (EEC), such as
the rebuilding of four vessels, rehabilitation of the fish freezing complex,
with a capacity of 100,000 tons, and the commissioning of a production line
for the canning of bumper in the municipality of Tombwa.

Vasco Martins also announced the arrival, expected shortly, of four of the 14
vessels purchased from Spain, the rehabilitation of three fish meal plants and
the establishment of a canning line at the N'gola Kiluange factory.

Moreover, the provincial delegate said, in connection with salt production,
that the various units located in the municipalities of Tombwa and Namibe and
in the commune of Lucira have reached a total of about 40 tons.

In speaking of the various projects proposed for the commune of Lucira, Vasco
Martins said that the Ministry of Fishing intends to expand the salting and
drying units there and also to build a cold storage complex.

Concerning the reactivation of fishing in Baia dos Tigres, a locality
situation south of Tombwa, the provincial representative said that any
statement would be premature, because, he stressed, “it is necessary to
justify the efforts the party and government leadership have put into the
areas of Namibe, Tombwa and Lucira with concrete actions."

5157
CSO: 3442/129

11



EEC FINANCING FOR NACALA RAILWAY-~A financing agreement between the People's
Republic of Mozambique and the European Economic Community (EEC) was signed in
Maputo on Friday as part of the overall financing for work to rehabilitate the
Nacala railway. The EEC is contributing $28 million to that project, which is
of vital importance not only to the Mozambican economy but above all to that
of neighboring countries in conjunction with the SADCC. The French Economic
Fund, Canada, and Portugal are the other financial backers of the project for
rehabilitating the Nacala railway. The agreement was signed by Minister of
Trade Aranda da Silva on behalf of the Mozambican Government. The EEC's
representative in our country, Antonio Marongiu, signed the agreement for that
organization. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 3 Mar 87 p 8] 11798

DUTCH RELIGLOUS GROUP SENDS AD--A donation of clothing and shoes was distributed
on Monday morning, to workers of Apro-Peducaaria das Mahotas, companies devoted
to the expansion of agriculture and poultry farming. ‘the donation is from a
group of Dutch citizens, friends of Mozambique, who are united in a religious
congregation known as Hervormde Kapel, headquartered in the city of Wierden.
After collecting all the contributions, the friends of Mozambique in the Nether-
lands shipped the goods to Mozambique and asked thejr countrymen in ZUID
Mocambique Ltd., residing in Maputo, through 2UID director $. Siksma, to dis-
tribute them tu the neediest population in various parts of our country. In
this task, the ZUID director was assisted by his wife, Ms Siksma Yorali, and
another friend of the couple, Ms Graves Pereira, who is of English nationality.
we learned that the donation presented to the workers of Agro-Pecuaria das
Mahotas was the last part of a shipment that was also distributed to workers in
other companies and districts in the cities of Beira, Quelimane, Nampula and
Pemba. Almost 100 workers in Agro-Pecuaria das Mahotas received clothing, and
shoes. {Text ] | Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Mar 87 p 2] 6362

DPPCCN TO OPEN DROUGHT STUDY OFFICE--The Provincial Department for the
Prevention and Combating of Natural Disasters [DPPCCN] in Sofala will soon
open an office in Beira to gather meteorological data for predicting natural
disasters such as drought, floods, cyclones, hurricanes, and other phenomena.
An agreement with UNICEF has been signed to provide technical assistance for
that office. According to Manuel Nogueira, director of the DPPCCN, the office
will comprise employees of the Mozambique Weather Service, the Water
Directorate, the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture, and other related
agencies. To ensure advance flood warning, the Weather Service is being
contacted with a view to rehabilitating the pluviometric stations located in
the districts to be covered. For the same purpose, the DPPCCN also intends to
strengthen its existing relations with the Cahora Bassa hydroelectric plant so
as to be informed concerning the opening of the dam's floodgates in times of
heavy precipitation. Our source emphasized: "We are also going to stay in
permanent contact with the Weather Service and the Water Directorate so as to
obtain up-to-date information on the situation with natural disasters in the
province, examples being floods, drought, cyclones, hurricanes, and other
phenomena." As another precautionary measure, the department is recommending
annual planning and the organization of appropriate equipment for rescue
(boats) and the supplying of food, medicines, blankets, and so on that can be
sent to vulnerable zones as needed in case of floods. {Text ] [Maputo NOTICIAS
in Portuguese 3 Mar 87 p 8] 11798

CSO: 3442/117

70



Confusing because one no longer knew what to go by with all the tracts (or
rather, dazibao, since they are not distributed but posted nearly everywhere)
and the rumors (the eternal rumors) that came from everywhere and nowhere.

The VITM has said a great deal about these national affairs and these problems
inasmuch as, according to leader Razanabahiny Marojama, "a responsible organ-
ization must not remain silent and thus become an accomplice of negative
factors that can maintain a situation of national regression...."

First of all, there was much criticism relating to the various aspects of
national life, criticism that is not superficial because it deals directly
with the constitution, the institutions and perhaps the fundamental orienta-

tion of the country.

Thus it is that "without going back on the socialist choice or the ideological
basis of the revolution," the VITM aspires to a constitutional and institu-
tional reform.

Moreover, that reform emerges as one of the main solutions to existing prob-
lems advanced by the party.

For example, concerning socialism but democracy as well, the VITM has been
absolutely clear: It remains a supporter of the multi-party system, the
right to opposition, to have a chance at power. In short, it would appear
that it wishes to restore certain guiding principles of Western-style demo-
ceracy, therefore including their economic corollaries such as "the abolition
of state capitalism, opening the national banks to foreign banks, along with
the 'Malagazation' of the economy and such legal corollaries as the effec—
tive application of the separation of powers...."

In addition, the VITM criticizes numerous points dealing with the management
of enterprises, education, unemployment problems, while proposing certain
solutions or formulating its desires.

Obviously it was all presented with the aid of radical, incisive formulas,
but formulas that do not go beyond the conventional framework, for it was not
yet a precise and detailed program (as it should have been when one wants to
enter such serious domains as the constitution and our institutions), but
rather -~- and despite the criticisms -- an overall (negative) appreciation
of the situation.

Naturally, the difficulties, proglems and the crisis brought up by this Na-
tional Council do exist. Moreover, it is difficult to hide the shortages,
the malaise affecting social life in general and education in particular,
unemployment, the high cost of living, the trafficking and risoriso, the
corruption, and so on. Never mind that President Ratsiraka already gave the
responses to these problems in January!

All of this is (unfortunately) endured by the people and a mere reference to
them would only break down an open door.

28



SOUTH AFRICA

MARCH INFLATION RECORDED AT 16.8 PERCENT
MB221618 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1416 GMT 22 Apr 87

[Text] Pretoria April 22 SAPA--South Africa's inflation rate for March rose
0.5 per cent from the February figure to stand at 16.8 per cent, according to
year-on-year figures released in Pretoria today by Central Statistical
Services [CSS].

This is compared to 16.1 per cent in January this year, 18.1 percent in
December and 18.9 per cent in March last year.

According to the CSS figures for the different income groups, the largest
annual increase (March 1987 compared to March 1986) was in the lower income
group, standing at 17.8 per cent (base, 1980--100, March 86--212.5,

March 87--250.3).

This group was followed by the middle income group, at 17.4 per cent
(March 86--220.1, March 87--258.3) and the higher income group at 16.3 per
cent (March 86--218.9, March 87--254.5).

The monthly increase in food prices was "once again, relatively high" at
1.9 per cent, and 24.2 per cent compared with March 1986.

The annual increase of 24.2 per cent, was the highest increase since June 1981,
when the rate was 25.7 per cent.

Relatively large monthly increases occurred in the prices of food at fish
(6.6 per cent) and "other" foodstuffs (2.7 per cent) while a relatively
large decrease occurred at fruit (2.8 per cent).

The CSS figures also showed relatively large monthly increases occurred at
footwear (2.0 per cent) furniture and equipment (4.2 per cent) medical care
(2.1 per cent) and personal care (3.8 per cent).

In the different urban areas, the largest monthly increase occurred at
Port Elizabeth and Uitenhage (2.2 per cent) and the smallest at Bloemfontein
(1.3 percent).

/8309
CSO: 3400/637

99



MOZAMBIQUE

PROVINCE

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 Apr 87 Pp 1

[Text] “Doctors without Borders," a non-governmental Belgian organization, is
working with the Mozambican Health Ministry with the aim of expanding its

activities throughout Inhambane Province. ‘fhe organization, which receives
funding from the EEC, is currently active in only five districts: Vilanculo,
Inhassoro, Nova Mambone, Funhalouro and Mabote.

The information was supplied to this newspaper by Herman de Schutter, adminis-
trator of "Doctors without Borders" in Maputo, who added that there are

currently 10 cooperants at work, including 5 physicians, 2 nurses, an archi-
tect and 2 logistical officers, one in Maputo and the other in Vilanculo,

where the headquarters of the organization in Inhambane Province is located.

The Belgian "Doctors Without Borders" have been working in our country for
about 14 months. Their first project involved the training of medical per-
sonnel; technical assistance; rehabilitation of the Vilanculo Rural Hospital
and the health centers of Inhassoro and Nova Mambone; expansion of the
infrastructures of these health facilities; and provision of medicines, hospi-
tal material, technical equipment and health materials, among other items.

The private Belgian organization receives funding from the EEC and initiated

its first project in 1986, with the rehabilitation of the Vilanculo Hospital,
where work is in an advancedstage, awaiting only the installation of Pipes and
electricity. Everything should be completed by the end of this month.

“The EEC made $750,000 available for this first program, which we spent on
activities in those zones of the province. Last year we supplied $250,000
worth of medicines and other medical equipment to the Central Hospital of
Beira," Herman de Schutter said.

He added that, this year, in addition to the EEC funding, "Doctors without
Borders" will also receive support from the Belgian Government, primarily in
medicines and hospital material to enhance the effectiveness of the organiza-
tion's activities in Inhambane Province. ‘The second project, which was

initiated in January, will run until June. It will give continuity to the
-work of the first project and will have $530,000 in financing from the EEC and

the Belgian Government, said de Schutter.



Also under way is an effort to reorganize priority enterprises which, directly
or indirectly, intervene in the improvement of the population's conditions,
particularly with food production.

For example, to ensure the supply of raw materials to the local: and national
industry, there was a recent intervention in all. the palm plantations that had
been abandoned by their owners, the utilization of which was not considered
satisfactory.

Through the Small Projects Office, a specific effort is in progress to locate,
divide into plots, and distribute the idle land to be used for drought-resistant

crops.

At least 480,000 persons are suffering serious effects from the drought in
Inhambane, their survival depending on external assistance. The situation is
most serious in the northern districts of the province and in part of Homoine
and Panda.

There Are Conditions For Our Success...

During the seminar's closing ceremony, Minister Oscar Monteiro declared: "Despite
so many problems facing us, most of them caused by this undeclared war waged on
us by South African racists, we feel that there are moral conditions for the
success of this program."

He added that, in Inhambane, this attitude was observed during the tours that
the ministerial group made of various socioeconomic sectors located in the
provincial capital.

By way of recommendation, he said that the agricultural sector in Inhambane
should receive special attention from the provincial government; because only
the latter can extricate the province from the serious food shortages that it
has.

At one point, Oscar Monteiro commented: "Agriculture must become the breaking
- point ‘for the current state of shortages that the country is undergoing."

He expressed the view that the position of a leader toward his subordinates
should be one of understanding, but with discipline, and of. friendship, but
with demands, not allowing his work sector to have an atmosphere. of Lack of
discipline, abuse or absenteeism, among other shortcomings which typify our
enterprises.

He stressed that, in the process of ‘redirecting the surplus work force, the
sectors included should carry it. out without harming those concerned who,
with development, may in the future again be wanted by the sectors currently
discharging them, for lack of absorption capacity, so.that they may parti-
cipate in other activities and contribute to the national development.

Participating in the seminar were party and state officials on the various
levels, cooperative members, private citizens, and tradesmen, as well as
representatives from other socioeconomic areas in the province.

2909
cso: 3442/125 60



MOZAMBIQUE

INDUSTRIAL REHABILITATION CONDITLONS OULLINED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Feb 87 p 1

[Text] | (AIM)--The AIM has learned from an authorized source that Mozambique
will need $195.7 million in foreign funds this year if the goals of the
program for rehabilitating industry are to be met.

Of that amount, $120 million are for the acquisition of raw materials, $23.7
million are for spare parts, and $52.1 million are for investments in
rehabilitation.

According to the government program for industrial rehabilitation, it is hoped
that the rate of growth in the total current value of industrial production
will average 13 percent annually through 1990, it being estimated that the
value will total $833 million in that year if the stipulated goals are met.

Regarded as strategic industries are those producing textiles, blankets,
clothing, footwear, household utensils, batteries, edible oil, soap, corn and
wheat flour, and other things.

Generally speaking, they are all part of light industry: the food industry,
metalworking and electronics, chemicals, and building materials.

‘The idea behind the government program is to rehabilitate industry while at
the same time dealing with the cconomic crisis and contributing to growth in
food production, exports, all means of production considered vital to an
increase in agricultural production, and those which, in the context of
current tax policy, will help increase the state's revenues.

After 1 month of experience with the program, the government is beginning to
encounter a number of problems in industry, particularly as regards the
ability of the latter to respond rapidly to the need for correct inventory
management and accounting discipline.

‘Yo deal with this, the authorities are thinking of hiring managers, but biding
their time seems to be the philosophy of the moment as a way of better testing
the responsiveness of the state apparatus and the enterprises to the
rehabilitation measures.

11798
CSO: 3442/117

31



earn artificially high profits. In an economy such as ours, in which many
companies have a monopoly of the market, this over-pricing will have to be
prevented with indirect control mechanisms; otherwise, the measures taken will
not work. ‘lhe price policy establishes a ceiling for these sectors, which is
the price of replacement; i.e., the price of the same product if it were
imported from neighboring countries. This means that Texlom or Textafrica
cannot charge factory prices for fabrics higher than the going price for fab-
rics imported from Zimbabwe.

The increase in production and productivity will be felt basically in the non-
official market. (black market). In effect, the availability of greater quan-
tities of products and the revision of the official prices will cut a large
furrow in the black market,

Under the present circumstances, people's living standards depend as much on the

evolution of official prices as on that of the black market prices. The
breakdown of expenditures of a family earning 10 contos per month reveals,

in general, that:

--lousing absorbs 8 percent of the family incomes

--water and light absorb 7 percent;

--Telephone service absorbs 10 percent;

--Taxes absorb 3 percent

--The NSA [New Supply System] and controlled purchases, 22 percent;
--The black market absorbs 50 percent,

Yhus the deterioration of the living standard, or the comparison of the evolu-
tion of wages and prices, will have to be analyzed in terms of this breakdown
of expenditures. With administrative intervention, through price ceilings for
some products and services, the development of the living standard will depend
in the last analysis on what happens to the level of free market and black mar~-
ket prices; these latter, as we have said, will depend on the development of
production and productivity.

Thus, for a very simple example, Let us assume that official prices will vary
about 200 percent (and that essential products and services will vary by only
100 percent); the general increase in prices will be 50 percent, 100 percent

or 150 percent, depending on whether the non-official market prices decrease by
50 percent, remain the sae or go up 100 percent.

¥ou their part, wages could go up more than 150 percent with the execution of
the wage plan; i.e., with the application of the bonus, special tariffs and the
distribution of profits. There will be cases in which the best workers could
earn 150 percent more, if their companies are productive and profitable.

The black market has such important weight in the Lives of the people and even
in the economic process that we cannot sit by and witness this phenomenon,

63



SOUTH AFRICA

PFP ON ECONOMIC POLICY QUESTIONS

MB241132 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Apr 87 P 14

[PFP responses to questions on economic policy submitted by THE STAR]

[Text] Could you spell out your party's policies and attitudes to sanctions?

The PFP is opposed to sanctions, not because it supports apartheid but because
it opposes apartheid and believes that sanctions are counter-productive to the
process of abolishing apartheid and will encourage violent change as opposed
to the peaceful processes we support. .

How will you tackle unemployment?

To deal with unemployment we would encourage by incentives the creation of job
intensive industries, assist the informal and small business sectors and launch
our programme of work to improve the quality of life--that is to say a programme
for people to build their own homes, facilities such as clinics and recreation
centres, lay down water, electricity and other services, lay out parks, etc.
This would not only create jobs but stability and with the new spending power
encourage other employment. The key to solving the unemployment problem is
economic growth in the correct sectors of the economy. The question of popula-
tion programme correctly and carefully handled must not be forgotten.

What, if any changes will you make to the taxation system?

We are awaiting the Margo Commission report and it would be presumptuous to
anticipate it. General tax must be equitable, easy to collect and not stifle
incentive to the enterpreneur and generally to work. We believe the regional
services levies on employment and turnover are classic examples of what tax
should not be.

How do you intend to reduce the rate of inflation?
To reduce the rate of inflation, we would cut down on unnecessary Government

expenditure, tighten up on consumer protection legislation to prevent
exploitation, top restrictions on competition and negotiate with business and

100



"That is a long time not to be able to plan a trip in peace. We lived
constantly in fear of an attack. All the new district administrative centers
had already been attacked. And oddly enough, it was not only the inhabitants
but also the officials who were afraid that it was going to happen. Self-
defense was organized in the form of night watchmen who were civilians and
even students. They stood guard routinely between 2000 hours and 0500 hours.
At 0600 hours we could breathe a sigh of relief. That was when we said:
‘Thank God for 1 more day without war.' And we breathed easy.

"But it was at exactly that hour of the day on 8 November that the first
cannonfire was heard, and it was followed by a monstrous exchange of gunfire
with light weapons--it sounded to me like a tremendous blaze. It lasted until
0815 hours. After that we heard only a few bursts of fire. But no one came
to our house or church, and no one fled. We had no reason at all to suspect
what was happening. We stayed in the house. We thought: it might also be a
false alarm or a counterattack.

"Things stayed that way until 1100 hours, when I became certain that it was an
attack because I heard them breaking into the jail and releasing the prisoners
to take along with-them. Nothing could be done about it. Those were moments
of tension within ourselves: we knew that we were not going to escape and that
we would be going with them, But when? And where?

"The answer came at 1715 hours, when we heard someone kicking at the door and
shouts of 'Come out or we will fire.' Outside were three well-armed guerrilla
fighters, and I mean they were well armed. They threatened to kill us on the
spot if we were hiding any soldiers. Here they became violent, even after we
told them that no one else was in the house. They ransacked everything and
gave us 1 minute to get ready to leave, and that was why I left just the way I
was, in shirtsleeves. From there they took us to the barracks they had made
their base. They warned us immediately: ‘Watch it. Don't try to escape or we
will kill you.' We found the top leaders angry: ‘Why didn't you come here
until now?' We explained who we were and what we were doing, and said that we
had had no reason whatever to surrender. They accepted that explanation and
from that moment on, we were treated differently. Meanwhile, they had set
fire to the huts surrounding the town. (Owing to the circumstances of the
war, many people--either because they did not agree with Renamo or because
they were afraid of FRELIMO-~had settled in the town.) They said it was a
communal village. We went to sleep at a spot 5 kilometers from the town,
where we found the inhabitants (many hundreds of people) and the foreigners.
We saw the fire and could hear gunshots. It was a night of waiting, without
knowing what they were doing to the town. There were many families who had
become separated."

("Serpents fell from the full moon/Beetles and ill-omened blood/The seed
yielded grains of sand/Instead of corn and green pasture.")

"We stayed there until midnight, when the order came to move out. We walked
toward Zimbabwe until 0730 hours. We would walk Indian file inside the
military column, All we heard were orders: ‘Halt,’ ‘Fall. back,' and
‘Forward.’ Our captors were gruff, but not rough. We would start out early

41



BALI ANNOUNCES BUHARI, IDIAGBON NOT TO BE TRIED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 2 Apr 87 p 1

[Text]

19274

cso: 3400/601

MINISTER of Defence.
and Chairman, Joint
Chiefs of Staff, Major-
General Domkat Ball,
said on Tuesday in
Enugu that the former
Head of State, Major-
General Mohammadu

Buhari, would not bé*”

tried.
The former Chief of Staff,

Supreme Headquarters,
Major-General Tunde

Idlagbon, will also not be’
tried, according to the.

minister. :

Answering questions from
journalists at Enugu Airport on
his way to Lagos after a three-
day official visit to Anambra
State, Major-General Bali,
asked ‘who said anything
about them being tried , |
thought you should ask me
when are they going to be
released?”

Pressed further on when they
would be released, he said ‘‘you
will know’.

While in Anambra, Major-
General Bali visited the Air
Force Base /. Enugu where he
was conducted round the
Helicopter Training School the
Captain’ Monday’ ikpeazu,, who

in Mo azu, wi
told the minister that the school
had 11 helicopters.

Group Captain Ikpeazu also
said the school lacked adequate
space and maintenance room and
appealed to the Federal Govern-
ment for assistance.

83

NIGERIA



ANGOLA

LARGE GROUP OF FAPLA OFFICERS PROMOTED IN RANK
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 17 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by Simao Roberto]

[Text] According to the provisions of Article 45 of the regulations governing
the fulfillment of military service by the officers in the FAPLA, 72 officers
were promoted to the ranks of lieutenant colonel and major last Saturday at
the MINDEF. The promotions were made during a ceremony at which the minister
of defense, Col Gen Pedro Maria Tonha (Pedale), presided, representing the
commander in chief and general of the army, President Jose Eduardo dos Santos.

The group of newly promoted officers, including 27 majors promoted to
lieutenant colonel and 45 captains promoted to major, Bornito de Sousa
Baltazar Diogo (lieutenant colonel) and Luzia de Sousa Ingles Van-Dunem (Inga)
(major), both of whom are members of the Central Committee of the MPLA-Labor
Party, were notable.

Speaking at the ceremony, Col Gen Pedro Maria Tonha (Pedale) stated that this
promotion ceremony is the result of the changes being made in the hierarchic
framework of our armed forces which began with the establishment of the
officers class in 1976, and has been deepened with the recent establishment of
the general officers class, consistent with the instructions issued by the
Central Committee of the Party on 12 January 1985.

He went on to say that our armed forces have made very important advances in
their development, ranging from qualitative deepening and broadening of the
ranks to the perfecting of the technical-material base.

As is evident, he went on to say, this accelerated forward movement will
continue, since the goal is to transform our armed forces into a powerful
modern army capable of measuring up to the current demands of the way being
unjustly imposed upon us by the imperialists and their proteges. This has
created the need for a better hierarchic organization consistent with the
level of development achieved by our armed forces.

Within this context, he emphasized, this is a task of reconciliation and
organization inevitably requiring the establishment of new categories is the
armed forces hierarchy, such as the establishment of the general officers



Ahwoi on Debt Terms, Student Roles
(Faustina Ashirifie; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 8 Apr 87) ... 16

Youth Brigade Suspends Officials

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 26 Mar 87) ..... 17
International Union of Students Scholarships
(GHANAIAN TIMES, 4 Apr 87) .. 18

Civil Defence Celebrates National Awareness Day
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 9 Apr 87) ...

seeceetcccccecccees 19

Civil Defence Supplements Security Agencies Activities
(Abigail Bonsa; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 4 Apr 87) ........ 21

Emergency Food Aid Donation. to Mozambique
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 4 Apr 87) .......+-

MADAGASCAR

Reaction to VITM Program
(MADAGASCAR MATIN, various dates) .....ceeeeeccscseeceeeee 23

VIIM President Discusses Program 23
Program Termed Unrealistic, by Ratiajerijery 25
Program Criticized as Confused, by J. Rakotonirina 27

MOZAMBIQUE

British Aid Group Tours Famine Areas
(NOTICIAS, 3 Mar 87) ..... sence cece e neces bene e neces 30

Industrial Rehabilitation Conditions Outlined
(NOTICIAS, 27 Feb 87) ........ seseececceceececeecteoeseees 3h

Three More Nutritional Rehabilitation Centers Opened in Gaza
(NOTICIAS, 25 Mar 87) ...eeeeeeeeeee bee were rere ne eeseee 32

EEC Finances Rehabilitation of Hospitals in Vilanculo
(NOTICIAS, 26 Mar 87) .ccccccccccccccsccececeeveeereeeeene 34

"Doctors Without Borders' Active in Inhambane Province
(NOTICIAS, 7 Apr 87) weeeeeeescecscevcecees seceececeveeses 35

600,000 Said Affected by Food Crisis in Sofala Province

(NOTICIAS, 7 Apr 87) sesecevccscceecceeceneceeceeneeees 37

USSR Donates Medicines, Equipment To Fight Malaria

(NOTICIAS, 7 Apr 87) ...+.--+00- 39

Jesuit Priest Recounts Capture by Renamo, Forced March
(Antonio Reis Interview; AFRICA HOJE, Feb 87) ....sseeeees 40

-b-



Freom Sena, it is possible to reach all the districts in the north of the
province. Since there is no longer a highway bridge at Sena, the trucks needed

to transport the emergency aid must cross the river by train.

Projects are already underway to repair the highway and rail line linking
Beira City with the north of the province, but Manuel Nogueira said: "We can-
not wait for this. We run the risk of losing many lives before the work is
completed."

In the south of the province, it is possible to reach Buzi and Machanga dis-
tricts by sea and by river, whereas Dondo and Nhamatanda districts can be sup-

plied via the Beira-Zimbabwe railway and highway routes.

The major problem is Chibabava District, in the interior of the province,
since its ground connections are in very bad shape.

The Provincial DPC CN estimates that Sofala urgently needs 66,000 tons of grains,
11,000 tons of beans, 11,000 tons of vegetable oil and 27,000 tons of powdered

milk,

The Department adds that clothing is needed. Many of the peasants in the north

of Sofala Province have nothing but tattered scraps of burlap to cover them-
selves, Nogeuira told AIM. Sofala needs at least 1.7 million articles of

clothing and 610,000 pairs of shors.

The DPCCN report reveals that one of the districtshas a tractor, a Land Rover
and two trucks to make connections between the district capitals and the local-

ities. According to the report, another 25 trucks are needed to ship all the
aid from Beira to the districts. At this time, the DPCCN has only eight trucks

in operation, which is not sufficient to meet the present volume of requests,
or for future needs, when the access roads are reopened.

According to the report, there is also a need for 13 more tractors, 13 jeeps,
51 trucks, 50,000 liters of diesel fuel and 72,000 liters of gasoline.

The DPCCN points out that, to prevent a disaster, "immediate international aida"
is essential’ and that this support should not be "limited to food and clothing,
but should also include incentives for agriculture, to make the people self-
sufficient.”

6362
CSOs 3442/147

38


resources. Combating needless expenditures during work. time; and austerity,
are some examples that should be conveyed to the sector, to your colleagues,
and to the population as a whole." [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese

23 Mar 87 p 3] 2909

NAMPULA PARTY STRUCTURE REMODELED--The party's Provincial Committee in Nampula
has undertaken a vast remodeling of its party apparat, on ‘various levels,

aimed at ensuring the political, economic, military, and social changes that
are being carried out in the country. This remodeling was announced ‘last
Tuesday, at the conclusion of the work of the Provincial Committee's sixth
session, which has been taking place in the city of Nampula. Before the
remodeling of the party apparat, a commission was created in Nampula which
intends to make a detailed survey of the situation of all party leaders and
cadres, from the standpoint of an improved purging of the ranks, to inject

new blood. It was after that-‘survey that the commission concluded that it

was necessary to restructure the entire composition of the Provincial Committee
Secretariat, its sectors, and the other party organs, down to the rank and
file. On this basis, it was concluded that new party leaders in the province
must have, most of all, a moral and political suitability, party work experi-
ence, and technical ability. It was on the basis of these features that the
Provincial Committee Secretariat, after a thorough analysis of the commission's
conclusions, proposed to the committee a series of measures pertaining to
jeaders and cadres. It is noteworthy that the movement of party cadres and
leaders that has taken place in Nampula Province was the largest since the
proclamation of national independence. On this occasion, the party's first
secretary on the Nampula Province level, Gaspar Zimba, declared that, during
the next phase, this type of movement would affect cadres and leaders of the
state apparat in that part of the country; something that is due to occur after
the next regular session of the Provincial Assembly, scheduled soon in the city
of Nampula. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Mar 87 p 3] 2909

PEANUTS FOR FAMINE VICTIMS--The Mozambique Christian Council was recently
given 306 metric tons of edible peanuts from Christian Aid, its counterpart in
Great Britain. According to an authorized source at the Mozambique Christian
Council, the peanuts are intended to help the inhabitants suffering the
effects of the prolonged drought and criminal actions by the armed bandits in
Maputo, Gaza, and Inhambane Provinces. According to information gathered by
our reporters, the peanuts now being made available to our country will soon
be distributed in the three above-mentioned provinces under the coordination
of the Department for the Prevention and Combating of Natural Disasters. It
is recalled that Christian Aid is a British religious organization that has
been working through the Mozambique Christian Council to assist the victims of
drought and armed banditry in this country. A delegation from that religious
organization visited a few areas in our country very recently for the purpose
of taking photographs and gathering information on the precarious conditions
being experienced by people suffering the effects of the drought and of
activities by the armed bandits in several of the country's provinces. [Text]
(Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Mar 87 p 3] 11798

69



EDUCATION SEEN AS PRIMARY ISSUE FOR WHITES

Windhoek THE WINDIOEK ADVERTISER in English 17 Mar 87 p 3

Debate Over Admission Criteria

[Article by Johann van Heerden]

[Text]

WINDHOEK: For more than a year at the focus of
political contention, the question of the desegrega-

tion of schoolsin Namibi:

is coming to a head — plac-

ing the Territory’s Transitional Government before
the most crucial credibility test in the 21 months of

its existence.

The schools issue also
threatens with demolition re-
maining statutory discrimina-
tion in’ Namibia without

recourse to the Territory’s Con-*

stitutional Council, plagued
by controversy and largely in-
visible action to date.

In the latest development in
the schools dispute, the
Namibian National Assembly
approved Monday a report by
a mandatory Standing Com-
mittee on Fundamental rights,
which noted that laws were in-
valid on any level of govern-
ment where they restricted en-
trancetoschools on thecriteria
of race and colour.

The report recommended
that second-tier —_ ethnic
authorities, particularly the
Administration for Whites,
should amend immediately
their educaiton ordinances to
conform with the Territory’s
Bill of Fundamental Rights.

In failure of that, the

Namibian cabinet should ap-
proach the Windhoek
Supreme Court for a final
ruling.

The report was approved af-
ter adivision of votes, in which
the all-white SWA National
Party and the Rehoboth Liber-
ated Democratic Party op-
posed the other four political
partners in the Transitional
government.

Only 11 days before, the rul-
ing SWANP in the second-tier
authority for whites lost the
vote for the first time in 37
years in its Legislative Assem-
bly when a motion was carried
calling for the aboliton of race
and colour as norms for enrol-
ment of pupils at schools un-
der the contro! of the White

- Adminsitration.

‘Three SWANP members
voted with the seven members
of the opposition Republican
Party to score a majority of
three. .

78

NAMIBIA

The —desgregation of
exclusively-white schools in
Namibia was contained in a
unanimous Transitional Cabi-
net decision last year in March
and reinforced by a unanimous
Cabinet decision in September.

The support for the Cabinet
resolution by the chief
SWANP delegate to the Transi-
tional Government, Mr Eben

van Zijl, led to his leaving the
Cabinet at the end of January
in consequence of “differences
of interpretation” of party
policy, according to a state-
ment by the SWANP
leadership.

Mr van Zijl has since been
heading a fion-political or-
ganisation, Action National
Settlement, aimed at promot-
ing economic development
among impoverished commu-
nities.

Announcing and reiterating
the Cabinet’s commitment to
open schools to all races from
this year, the Minister of Na-
tional Education, Mr Andrew
Matjila, stated that strict en-
trance requirements would be
maintained.

Prospective pupils of regis-
tration had to be proficient in


198072

JPRS-SSA-87-046
14 MAY 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy

°2 QUaLrry

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A

Approved for Public Release |
Distribution Unlimited 5 { 47 |

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE :
SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161 A!
123

AGG



the CP believes that business should be located within the territories of
the self-governing states, where there is abundant labour. Business pushed
for the abolition of the influx control laws so they could have the labour
and the purchasing power of the blacks while still enjoying the security of
industrial white South Africa. The cost in sociological terms has been borne
by the white taxpayers. If business needs labour it must go to the source
of that labour or bear the cost of housing and the necessary infrastructure
of large numbers of migration workers.

Do you regard poverty as a problem in South Africa? If so, how should it be
tackled? .

Poverty is a problem all over the world and even more so in the Third World
where the serious population explosion is a major contributory factor.
Poverry in a first world sense differs from poverty in a Third World sense.
Poverty cannot be tackled through handouts. It is a sociological problem not
an economic one. The CP believes that training under supervisions is the key
to the elimination of poverty. We believe in giving a man fishing rod and
teaching him to fish rather than feeding him every day.

Given the high level of unemployment, would you consider introducing some form
of social security?

We would rather take finance from a social security budget and use it for a
development budget. We do not hold with a situation like that which has
developed in Australia where the Third World component of their population has
become nothing more than wards of the state because of that country's high
social security payments (the dole), these payments being based on guilt and
not on economic wisdom.

What is your policy on privatisation?

Whilst the CP does not oppose the principle of privatisation, in the South
African context it simply means handing over the state's assets to big business,
the only group with the financial strength to purchase these assets. The
latest edition of McGregor's "Who Owns Whom" indicates that already 83.6 per-
cent of all the listed companies on the JSE [Johannesburg Stock Exchange] belong
to four corporations. A large number of South African employees are corporate
socialists. Privatisation would result in a monopoly capitalist situation

only equalled in the communist world where the state (or the controlling
monopolies) own everything. There should be a health balance between private
enterprise and state control, the latter being important for the strategic

legs of the economy such as oil supplies, transport, hospitals, etc.

/8309
cso: 3400/637

104



ANGOLA

GHANA

JPRS-SSA-87-046
14 MAY 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

Soviet Professors Participate in Conference in Benguela
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 18. Feb 87) ..-.-sceeecereeesecscceecee

Cabinda Province Establishes Work Commissions
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 17 Feb 87) w.seceeeecceceeccecceccecs

Large Group of FAPLA Officers Promoted in Rank
(Simao Roberto; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 17 Feb 87) ..--++++++-

FAPLA Officers Promoted in Huambo, Benguela
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 17 Feb 87) ..sseeeeeseecevccccesecces

Violent Incident Involving Tocoist Sect Reported
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, various dates) ...sseeeesereseeeceres

Sect Leaders Condemn Incident, by Carlos Miranda
Government Issues Communique

Fishing Industry Statistics Announced for Namibe
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 18 Feb 87) .+..ceeceeceeececrcceccces

Briefs
New Provincial Officials

Rawlings on Need for Productivity, Work Ethic
“(Breda Atta-Quayson; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 7 Apr 87) .

Schedule for Opening Tehran Embassy Announced
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 9 Apr B87) wccccccccccvcccccvees

Joint Commission for Cooperation With Nicaragua Formed
(Faustina Ashirifie; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 9 Apr 87) .

-a-

11

12

13

14

15



SOUTH AFRICA

HNP ON ECONOMIC POLICY QUESTIONS

MB241202 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Apr 87 p 14

[HNP responses to questions on economic policy submitted by THE STAR]

[Text] Could you spell out your party's policies and attitudes to sanctions?

Economic sanctions are a form of war and are only justified in the case of
hostile relations between countries. International relations hinge on
reciprocity and sanctions by one party cannot be answered by a continuation
of normal relations by the other party. Sanctions introduced by the U.S.
Government are obviously meant to effect political change in South Africa,
and the ultimate objective of the U.S. is black majority rule by the ANC.
There is no way in which SA's interest and U.S. interests can be reconciled
in this respect. SA must, therefore, prepare herself to face economic
sanctions and imaginatively use the considerable leverage of her mineral wealth
in response, while pressing ahead with a vigorous programme of industrial
development.

How will you tackle unemployment?

Unemployment has to be tackled at the root causes, which are multiple, but among
which the government's policy of equalising the living standards of whites and
blacks through a redistribution of income and wealth, and a high rate of infla-
tion and high black birth rate are the most serious. The policy of redistribu-
tion of income and wealth is obviously a socialistic policy, which as has

been said, is sharing poverty and organising scarcity. Wages should be deter-
mined on economic considerations and not on social and political considerations
as is the present practice in South Africa. In this way more people could be
employed. Inflation can be curbed through financial and monetary measures,
thereby creating economic stability and growth. Black leaders must promote
birth control among their peoples to help promote full employment.

What, if any, changes will you make to the taxation system?

Personal income tax should be reduced considerably, income tax on investment
companies’ profits should be levied at the same rate as on people receiving
dividends from shares owned in companies, mining companies should contribute
more in tax. Young couples should receive tax concessions on housing commit-
ments to enable them to become owners of homes, and bigger allowances must be
made for children dependent on parents.

105



The people of this country had already heard the historic, memorable and
catastrophic declarations, the grandiose and the most banal. They have now
all been relegated to the archives or to the back of our minds. Closer to
home, the speech that marked the date of 28 February 1987, anniversary of the
creation of the Vonjy, provided grist for the mill of the media, little used
to the type of language spoken that day by the national president of the
VITM.

The position of the leader of that party has in fact been the subject of
wide-ranging commentaries. Everyone has had his say, depending on his philo-
sophical or political affinity, social class and -- why not? -- his emotional
predisposition.

The bolder ones, enticed by considerations on the constitution and its "revi-
sion," were quickly forced to change their tune, noting that such procedures
had to go through the National People's Assembly before taking shape. In the
precise case of the proposal asking for a revision of the constitution, arith-
metics must come to the aid of dialectics in order to tip the balance of the
voting in the direction wished by the greatest number of deputies.

However, everyone knows very well that in order to reach that point, one must
consider the wishes of AREMA [Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution] elected
officials. The result: One goes back to scratch.

Previously, concerning the precise distribution of government institutions,
arguments that fueled the debate did not only serve to break the ice in

the foul-mouthed drawing room conversations of politicians or business execu-
tives or even the intelligentsia. While some never run out of praise, others
nevertheless find the idea of placing the decentralized collectives under new
tutelage a bit far-fetched. And at every turn, there is always one objector
who insists on expressing reservations about the very personality of the
speaker. As a result, no discussion will be possible until he has done with
what he calls "the story of Vangaindrano during the 1982 presidential elec—
tions." It is as if he were holding a grudge. The latter and his traveling
companions even went so far as to blatantly claim that for the choice of the
VITM candidate for the next presidential election, someone else should be
found. In the face of the surprise of their interlocutors, they are content
to cite a few not very convincing facts, but facts that are sufficiently
revealing to change the mind of any free thinker.

The mistake of the person in question is not that such a well-known politician
can have supreme pretentions and speak in such a calculated fashion. - One has
a distaste for the individual who makes a precise diagnosis without yet being
capable of administering the suitable medication for the maladies exposed.

In this connection, one thinks of the obstetrician who does not have the means
to perform a Caesarian. Far from an operating room, he is in a desert where
all he can do is preach.

On this subject, there are attitudes that often surprise more than the seasoned
observer. Why is the plan or the budget often unanimously approved by the
Cabinet and the CSR [Supreme Revolutionary Council] when one does not find the

26



MOMOM DEFENDS PRESS BAN ON EXCHANGE COVERAGE

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 4 Apr 87 pp 1, 3

(vext]

19274
SO:

3400/603

THE Minister of Information
and Culture, Mr. Tony Momoh,
said Thursday in‘Lagos that the
decision to disallow further press
coverage of the new Dutch
system of bidding at the

tier Foreign Exchange
Market (SFEM) was justified.
He told State House cor-
in an interview at
the end of the weekly ministerial
council meeting that the decision
Lecame necessary in view of the
chaotic nature of transactions
which might accompany the new
mM.

"hr. Momoh said the decision
was also taken following com-
plaints of unfavourable press
terest groups operat in
market.

He, however, gave an
assurance that the press would
always be provided with. the
details of transactions at the end
of every bidding session.

The minister said the new
changes would ‘bring some sani-
ty into the operations of the

Market’

85

NIGERIA



19274
cso:

3400/617

It was described by the
Republican Party’s Anna
Frank as the most “pressing
problem in our country, a
problem which affects our
country deeply”.

NP leader Kosie Pretorius
pointed out it was the issue the
party had won the last white
election on.

At the heart of the matter
now is the issue of mono and
multicultural schools, and how
they should be instituted.

It was also reportedly the
difference in approach to the
“sensitive” education issue be-
tween Nat ‘rebel’ Frans van
Zyl’s motion and NP leader
Kosie Pretorius’ amendment.

On paper, however, it is
difficult to perceive.

Both motions ruled out race
and colour as relevant factors
in the admission of children to
schools.

Both sides agree that there
must be certain admission
criteria and that ultimately,
education is a constitutional
issue.

Both motions were appar-
ently drawn up to remove the
prevailing uncertainty over ex-
actly what the present position
is regarding admission to
schools.

Mr Pretorius said in the
Legislative Assembly last week
that schools themselves should
be able to decide whether they
want to be mono or mul-
ticutural.

On the other hand, Nats like
Mr Fanie Vilonel, who sup-
ported, Mr van Zyl’s motion,
say theré should be monocul-
tural schools in which the em-
phasis is on language, culture

and religion, and multicultural
schools with a more general
accent.

The difference could be in
what members said in the de-
bate, but which is not spelled
out in the motions.

Both groups agree there
should be monocultural and
multicultural schools.

But their perceptions on
these schools, seemingly differ,
even within the different
groupings.

In debate, Mr Pretorius said
he was at the Cabinet meeting
when the decision was taken
that schools would be open to
all subject to the Bill of Fun-
damental Rights, but that race
and colour would definitely
not be regarded as relevant
factors. wee

The NP leader said this in-
cluded the right to “exclusivi-
ty..not on the basis of racial
discrimination...but making
provision for ‘group’ schools”.

He pointed out that criteria
of admission agreed on in-
clude: - language medium,
religion, culture, geographical
situation, culture and the par-
ents’ right to choose.

Mr Pretorius also warned
against “forced integration”.

On the other hand, former
NP deputy Cabinet Minister
Tinus Blaauw, who backed Mr
van Zyl, reportedly indicated
in the debate that all schools
should be open to all - in a par-
ticular area - if children satis-
fied all the other requirements.

Mr Vilonel also advocated
mono- and multicultural
schools, but did not spell out
liow they should be effected.

80



ANGOLA

VIOLENT INCIDENT INVOLVING TOCOIST SECT REPORTED
Sect Leaders Condemn Incident

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 18 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by Carlos Miranda]

[Text] The general representative of the Tocoist Church (the name by which
the Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ in the World is better known), Luzaisso
Lutango, said yesterday in Luanda that the incident which occurred on the 15th
of this month, resulting in the death of several persons, “was the work of
individuals who left the church 3 years ago, but who continue to use its
name."

Luzaisso Lutango, who spoke during a press conference to domestic and foreign
journalists, said that the leadership of that religious sect has repudiated
these actions in statements delivered to the pertinent authorities, stressing
on the other hand that Tocoism is not a counterrevolutionary doctrine,

He admitted, however, that since the death of the spiritual leader of that
church, Simao Toco, in 1984, there have in fact been internal conflicts, with
the result that various groups have been formed,

"The leadership of our church was not aware of these plans nor did it have any
knowledge of the facts... We repudiate the incidents which occurred in Terra-
Nova (municipality of Rangel)," Luzaisso Lutango maintained. On this
occasion, he insistently urged the domestic and foreign media to publicize the
fact that the Tocoist doctrine has not violated the laws of the secular
Angolan state.

The press conference was held in the Angolan National Radio auditorium to
clarify "a very sad situation which has aroused the concern of the public in
Luanda and the nation," the general representative of the so-called Tocoist
Church said, .

It will be remembered that members (which the leadership of the Tocoist Church
now says had left the organization) were also responsible for disturbances in
the Cateté region at the end of last year, during which some citizens died and
the forces of law and order arrested these "former" sect members.



Akhmat Irov said that, in order to attain the goals of this project in Gaza
Province, this year another protocol ‘was signed, aimed at supplying technical
equipment worth 1,000,200 rubles, or nearly 420,000 contos.

Maputo and Inhambane

This year, the project to drill wells for the impounding of water will be extend-
ed to Maputo and Inhambane Provinces, ‘to supply the population of the aforemen-
tioned areas with water.

For this purpose, according to the Soviet technician, an agreement. for an

estimated 24 million rubles was signed recently. This sum, usable until 1990,
will be applied to the provision of equipment to dig wells in both provinces,
and also to the expansion and development of the well system existing in Gaza.

Akhmat Irov stressed: "Four specialists who will work in Inhambane ‘Province are
already in Mozambique, awaiting the arrival of the equipment to begin the work.
We have scheduled the drilling of 50 wells per year in each of the three
provinces, and this plan is contingent on the equipment."

He claimed that the wells would be manual and electric, the latter type contin-
gent on the size of the population using the well.

He remarked: "In areas where there is a large population concentrated, we
install electric pumps which make rapid water impoundment possible.”

Commenting on the. possibilities of using water from the wells to irrigate the
farms, Akhmat Irov emphasized that this depends on the volumes of water existing

in each area.

2909
CSO: 3442/140

50



19274
cso:

3400/602

to ration their allocation
equitably so as not to cause un-
necessary hardship to members

of the _

He ited that a task force
be set up by the state government
to monitor the quantity of petrol
given to in the: state
regularly, adding that it would
minimise hoarding by the
dealers.
ane State Government has

threatened to treat anybody
found to be hoarding petroleum
lucts as a saboteur.

‘This warning was ven: by the

‘om-

state Governor, Wing
mander Mohammed Umaru, in

the wake of sudden disap-
pearance of fuel in Kano
municipal since last Friday,
causing long ve in
the fev" petrol stations that have
supplies.

vernor Umaru said the
NNPC had a stock of fuel to meet
and industrial

in order to bri

on-going artificial scarcity,
security agents had been direcied
to go round all outlets
to monitor the sales.

92



NAMIBIA

NAMIBIANIZATION SEEN AS EFFORT TO GAIN GREATER BENEFITS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Mar 87 pp 1, 2

[Article by Dianna Games]

{Text ]

/9317

A LONG-TERM “Na- °
‘mibianisation” pro-
was the result of
lotal dissatisfaction
with the lack of bene-
fits put back into the
territory’s economy, a
senior government
spokesman in Wind-
hoek said yesterday.

But at present there were no concrete
plans by government to enforce such a
process, nance Secretary for Namibia

Johan Jones said.

‘Jones was commenting on reports
from Windhoek that far-reaching steps
would effectively nationalise the coun-
try’s fishing industry and were part of an
attempt by the transitional government
to domesticate economic resources.

a reports the Namibian transition-
al Cabinet has decided not to allow aliens
to use the financial rand to buy farms in
the territory.

‘This was to eliminate unfair competi-
tion against inhabitants, since the use of
the financial rand allowed foreigners to

cso: 3400/624

7

pay in-effect as little as 50% of the real
purchase prices of farmland, the Cabinet

said.

The financial rand would still be used
for the construction of improvements on
farms owned by foreigners.

The Namibian government was re-
portedly examining the extent to which
companies reinvested profits and em-
ployed and trained local staff.

fones told Business Day. “There is
ressure from the people who feel that
e country should get the benefit of our
own industry. This means ‘Namibianisa-
tion’, but not nationalisation.”

But, he said, it was a low-level exer-
cise to localise many areas in which SA
dominated the economy, such as fishing,
mining and insurance.

Namibia owned 86% of the fishing re-
sources off the Namibian coast but de-
rived minimal benefit from this, Jones
sald.

In 1983, minerals constituted more
than 88% of all the territory's exports.



MOZAMBIQUE

THREE MORE NUTRITIONAL REHABILITATION CENTERS OPENED IN GAZA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Mar 87 p 3

[Text] The Nutritional Rehabilitation Center in Manjacaze district of Gaza
Province recently created three camps in Macuacua, Chiducuane, and Alto Changane,
aimed at improving control of and permanent assistance for children who are
famine victims recently liberated from the armed bandits. This information

was disclosed by Benvinda de Jesus Bila, head of the aforementioned center,
while speaking with our reporter a few days ago.

According to Benvinda Bila, these camps make it easier to locate the relatives
of the recovered children, so that they may later be established in households.

At present, the Nutritional Rehabilitation Center is facing immense difficulties
in visiting the camps;.which, according to the subject of our interview, prevents
making a survey of the real situation and evacuating to the district headquarters
children whose state of health requires further medical treatment.

On this occasion, Benvinda Bila said that there was an urgent need to assign
that center a vehicle because, she claimed, the Gaza Provincial Health Direc-
torate has only given period assistance, with the Child Support Fund's vehicle,
which prevents them from obtaining real information on the status of the camps.

Many activists from the Mozambican Women's Organization have been trained to
provide first aid to the newly liberated children, giving them medical care
and food; having received basic information on health and hygiene at the center.

Concurrently with this, the Mozambican Red Cross, the Christian community, and
the Department to Prevent and Combat Natural Disasters have provided backing
for the center's normal operation, through donations of foodstuffs, clothing,

and medicines.

Benvinda Bila underscored the support given bythe Department to Prevent. and
Combat Natural Disasters which, in addition to material backing, has provided
financial aid to maintain. the center and to pay the salaries of the six

workers assigned there.

32



MOZAMBIQUE

CHANGANINE IN GAZA PROVINCE RECOVERING FROM BANDIT ACTIVITIES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Mar 87 p 3

[Text] After 4 years of criminal activities on the part of the armed bandits
at the Changanine Administrative Post, in the Chibuto District of Gaza, the
population in that part of the country is currently undertaking a recovery

of its belongings which had been stolen by the criminals, while at the same
time engaging in the rebuilding of the various infrastructures destroyed.

This activity is being carried out in coordination with our Armed Forces of
Mozambique (FPLM), stationed in the province, after having worked on the search
and pursuit of the bandits.

The Changanine Administrative Post is located nearly 120 kilometers from the
district headquarters of Chibuto, with a population of 6,892 inhabitants,
distributed among four communal villages, namely, Hati-Hati, Uaximicho, and
Chitsuluine.

From 1982 until the middle of last year, the population of that administrative
post experienced times, of horror from the murderous rage of the armed bandits.

Col-Gen Fernando Matavel, provincial military commander of Gaza, told our
reporter that, during that period, Changanine was an impassible and quite
dangerous area, owing to the armed bandits’ atrocities. The action by the
Armed Forces of Mozambique stationed in Chibuto, in seeking, pursuing, and
annihilating the evildoers, won the peace and calm that is being experienced
in Changanine now.

A few days ago, the governor of Gaza Province, Francisco Pateguane, visited
that region, where he was delighted by the projects under way there, initiated
by the inhabitants themselves.

Already operating at the administrative post headquarters is.a carpenter's
shop to produce furniture for the inhabitants’ household use. The aforemen—
tioned carpenter's shop is also engaged in making desks for the four primary
schools, with 1,456 pupils and 13 teachers.

During the visit that we paid to Changanine, Armed Forces officers showed us
makeshift barracks now destroyed, in which the armed bandits had set up

4b


number of jobs possible and as any minimum wage structure clearly impinges
on this need and basic free market philosophy, some form of action in this
regard between employers and employees will have to be worked out without
politicising the issue by government intervention.

Do you regard poverty as a problem in South Africa? If so, how should it be
tackled?

"Relative poverty" is manifestly present in the mixture of Third and First
Worlds constituting SA, and it has been broadly addressed in question five.
What is to be understood by poverty per se will differ from country to country
and from time to time, in accordance with the price level, the concept of
conventional necessities," [quotation marks as received] the extent of welfare
programmes, views on human dignity, and so on. Insofar as poverty in the
most basic sense can be objectively identified we seek to meet it, prominately
by the provision of directed relief and the upgrading of the social infra-
structure, but ultimately via economic growth, whereby work is created and
opportunity provided for individual generation of income. The policy of
deregulation and privatisation is of cardinal importance.

Given the high level of unemployment, would you consider introducing some form
of social security?

For obvious reasons SA cannot look for a social security net comparable with
those obtaining in the developed countries. It should be borne in mind,
however, that significant elements of welfarism are already in evidence in

our country, such as transport subsidies, state-sponsored training and re-
training schemes, health care direct work provision or relief, old age pensions
and unemployment insurance. A growing number of private organisations,
furthermore, are making provision for their employees in one way or another.

We are well aware of the gaps in the state social security net, but given

SA's present stage of development and the formidable constraints in the budget—
ary sphere we are of the opinion that the only lasting solution to the problem
of unemployment lies in rapid but sustainable economic growth. To that end we
are stimulating small business and informal sectors.

What is your policy on privatisation?

We wholeheartedly support privatisation, on the grounds both of economic
efficiency and the pruning of the government sector's claim to SA's limited
economic resources. This policy has been given expression in various tangible
forms already (for example Sasol [South African Coal, and Gas Corporation],
transport housing) and is being actively pursued through the deliberations and
policy measures of several bodies representing the private and the public sectors.
There will, howevef, always be the important caveat that no great purpose is
served by substituting a private monopoly for a public one and that in any
transfer of membership the interests of consumer and taxpayer alike will need

to be safegudrded. The interests of employees similarly need attention.

18309”
cso: paoo/ 637

113



MOZAMBIQUE

USSR WELL-DRILLING PROJECT BENEFITS 200,000 IN GAZA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Mar 87 p 8

[Text] Nearly 200,000 persons in Gaza Province are already benefiting from the
water impounded in the wells drilled in the area as a result of the project
with the Soviet Union. Begun in 1983, the project made it possible to drill
over 100 wells, with plans to have the same work done soon in Inhambane and
Maputo Provinces.

Concurrently, there is under way the training of native cadres, who will later
make their contribution in this area of vital importance to the lives of the
population, particularly in our country's rural areas.

In an interview with Akhmat Irov, coordinator of the project to drill wells ‘for
the impoundment of water,:NOTICIAS learned that, in addition to. the wells already
in operation, there is a program this year to expand this activity to other
parts of Gaza, with emphasis on the locality of Dindiza, whose population is
experiencing serious water shortage problems caused by the prolonged drought
that has devastated several regions of our country.

The subject of our interview said that a total of 105 wells are currently in
operation in all of Gaza Province, distributed among the districts of Xai-Xai,
Chibuto, Mandlhakaze, Macia, Massingir, and Chicualacuala, benefiting nearly
200,000 persons.

The project, stipulated in the protocol concluded in 1983 between our country's
Ministry of Agriculture and the Soviet Union, also calls for the training of
Mozambican cadres who, in the near future, will contribute their share to the
development of this well-drilling sector.

However, according to Akhmat Irov, in view of the type of work, last year the
agreement was transferred to the Ministry of Construction and Water.

The first step taken for this project was the initiation of the study of the
water potential in each area; which contributed considerably to the success of
this work, of extremely great value to the lives of thousands of persons,
especially those inhabiting the rural areas.

49



monitoring posts. At present, despite all the difficulties caused by the
bandits, Changanine is awakening to a new Life wherein work characterizes the
people.

Despite the drought that has devastated this region, the population is engaged
in starting farms in low and mountain areas, where they ‘have been planting
vegetables and drought-resistant crops, such as ‘cassava, sweet potatoes, and
nhemba beans.

The post administrator, Antonio Magueze, told our reporter that an intense
effort is currently under way in the surrounding areas to organize and recruit
the population liberated from the evildoers’ captivity.

"A11 the families in this region are beginning a new life in all respects,
whether by building houses or starting farms." The administrator noted with
regret: "The loss of cattle and other domestic livestock species because of
the armed bandits' activity is quite unfortunate."

The Changanine populationis now surviving with gifts from the international
organizations. Our source remarked: "We don't want this situation to last
any longer. We must devote ourselves steadfastly to agricultural work. The
assurance of success lies in human strength."

Another problem still besetting the inhabitants of Changanine is related to
the lack of transportation for traveling to the district headquarters to
deal with various matters, ranging from identity cards to clothing purchases.

It should be.noted that several citizens had their documents burned and their
clothing looted by the imperialist agents who terrorized Changanine for a long
time.

The work for recruiting the population and building communal villages involves
the party and government agencies of the district of Chibuto, as well as the
Gaza provincial military command. During the second half of last year, ODM
[Democratic Mass Organization] structures were created at that administrative
post.

At present, the administrative post has five members of the Executive Council
and 50 deputies, recruited in the communal villages, who are mobilizing the
effort to recruit the population, to distribute farms, to build huts for class-
rooms, and to take other action aimed at the up-bringing and welfare of the
citizens residing there. :

Although there are various types of difficulties, the inhabitants of that post
presented to Governor Francisco Pateguane, during his working visit, the sum
of 11,000 meticals, to be used to support the Economic Recovery Program under
way in our country.

Also, on the same occasion, the peasants donated various farm products and
wooden articles symbolizing the work being done there. Prominent among the

45



/9317
CSO: 3400/624

certain to lose their following,
said the statement by Swanu.

“If Mr Botha wants to col-
lect a bunch of former leaders
in order to promote fake
legitimisation of the (Namibi-
an constitutional) process in
the international community,
then he can go ahead with his
plans?’ the statement said.

It also called for an im-
mediate end to South Africa’s
rule of Namibia, directly or
hy proxy.

A Swanu faction inside the —

Transitional Government said
in a statement that Mr
Pienaar, as South Africa’s
representative in Namibia,
had made “improper” and
tactless remarks which con-
stituted “intereference in our
internal affairs:”

Mr Pienaar’s “confronta-
tion attitude” undermined the
credibility of the Transitional
Government at home and was
not conducive to good rela-
tions between the Transitional
Government and the State
President.

Mr Pienaar knew that his
speech was made-at a time
when “meeting was being
planned between the Transi-
tional Government and the
South African State Presi-
dent}? the statement said.

74

"as non aeatativg

The Democratic Turnhalle
Alliance, which commands
three ‘of the eight cabinet
portfolios, said in a statement
that Mr Pienaar’s remarks
could be construed as “a mo-
tion of no-confidence” in the
Namibian government.

The previous ._ interim
government, dissolved in
1982, was elected with an 80
percent majority, the DTA
said, but it was d

certain parties were in their
own opinions-not sufficiently
represented.

“Are we on that same ‘road
again?”

The DTA said Pretoria
should ponder the possibility
that the Alliance could
“through frustration and dis-
appointment” decide to with-
draw after so many unsuc-
cessful’ constitutional . at-
tempts. *

- ‘The cardinal question” in
the Namibian dispute" was
“how many times the political
process must still be brought
to a’standstill to accommo-

“date parties who stubbornly

refuse to take part in that
process other than on their,
own preconditions?” the DTA
said. — Sapa


PROBLEMS OF IMMIGRATION DEPARTMENT IDENTIFIED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 1 Apr 87 p 9

[Article by Abu Tapidi]

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/600

_munication equipment and addi-
tional staff were i

THE i

Immigration in Gongola State,
Alhaji Yakubu Dogara, has iden-
tified some ial problem:
militating against the successful
Rpartment in respect of the tree

inrespect free
movement of the citizens of the
Economic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS) in the

country.

He said although the establish-
ment and posting to local govern-
ment areas in th try of im-
migration officers was 4 bold and.
welcome initiative, housing
facilities* motor vehicles, com-

to

‘enable the officers function pro-

perly to achieve the desired ob-
jectives.

In a report on the

in Gongo! State, Alhaji Yakubu
noted that because of the long

in the discharge of their otficial
oS aid the. department has
about 14 border posts and five
border patrol units located in
various positions within the
border areas but their effective
performances were being
adversely hampered by lack of
modern and sophisticated

and facilities.
controller said the rt-
ment had cases of har-

Tassment of some of its officers
along the borders irate
, hostile smugglers and

its in some parts of the state.

He said the border patrol units
along our borders with the

migrants who sought to sneak in-
to the country through
reques pal
units be provided with the
necessary facilities such as
heavy boots, rain coats, vehicles,
arms, communication equipment
and caravans for housing the of-
icers.

84

NIGERIA



MOZAMBIQUE

USSR DONATES MEDICINES, EQUIPMENT TO FIGHT MALARIA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 Apr 87 p 1

[text'] This year, the Soviet Union will offer our country various types of
equipment, transport means and chemical products to support the second phase
of the program to combat malaria, NOTICIAS learned from Yuri Zaika, leader of
the team of Soviet physicians in service in our country.

Zaika, who spoke of the cooperation between the two countries in the 10 years
of the Friendship Treaty, said that the Soviet Union is currently arranging a
huge shipment of medicines for Mozambique, to minimize the shortage in the
country's various hospitals.

Speaking about his country's aid to Mozambique, Yuri Zaika explained that the
Soviet Union works in four health areas, including the program to combat
malaria, training of Mozambican cadres here and abroad and the provision of
health care by Soviet specialists, within the framework of an agreement between
the health ministries of the two countries.

Within this agreement, the Soviet Union recently granted 10 scholarships for
the training of Mozambican physicians for 6 years in that Socialist country;
at this time, the selection of the scholarship recipients is in progress, our
source explained. He added that the scholarship students are being selected
by our Ministry of Health.

Last year, the Soviet Union provided Mozambique with 100 tons of chemical agents
(DDT), transport means and various equipment to support the Anti-Vector
Campaign, initiated in 1985. The campaign was launched in five cities and

zones of economic importance, specifically in Maputo, Beira, Nampula, Moatize
and the Limpopo Valley, under the auspices of the Health Ministry, in collabora-
tion with the WHO and the USSR; the campaign has already benefited 1.5 mil-

lion people.

6362
CSOs 3442/147

39



How do you intend to reduce the rate of inflation?

As long as we have a low growth economy as in recent years, but growing social
and political demands and a burgeoning bureaucracy, inflation will be endemic.
Our economy must be restructured to become far more of a free market, free
enterprise economy. This means all restrictions on individuals, particularly
of 75 percent of our population, must be removed. To have a free market,
numerous officials and unofficial controls should be removed. Cartels of
employers or employees must be prevented. The market must set prices whether
of labour or commodities. Controllers will always tend to set prices above
the market level.

Are you satisfied with the distribution of wealth and land in South Africa
and what changes should be made, if any?

The distribution of wealth and land in South Africa should be determined in
the long run by the ability and energy of individuals. This has not been the
case in the past because of the restrictions imposed on the majority of our
population. If all restrictions on the ability of every person in South Africa
is removed the best possible distribution of wealth and land will result.
Contrary to popular opinion centrally controlled economies--the socialist and
communistic countries—-have more uneven distribution of wealth than in the free
market economies. This income in Rusia [as printed] is far more unevenly
distributed than in Britain. But nobody is allowed to know it. No income
figures are ever published. Of course, for the really security net must be
provided by the State.

How should the economy be stimulated?

Governments can stimulate economies only over the short term. Thus, if there
is excess capacity in, say, industry, the government can put more money in

the pockets of consumers by tax cuts or fiscal deficits. But in South Africa's
case, there is at present adequate money supply but no investment due to lack
of confidence, a political matter. If personal taxes are cut there will no
doubt be an upsurge in consumer demand. But that will soon run us into balance
of payments difficulties. So there is really no easy short-term answer. The
only answer is restoring local and overseas confidence.

What are your views on the Government's decentralization policy, and the issue
of abolishing a minimum wage?

Decentralization attempts in Europe have not been very successful. But they
have static populations. With a burgeoning population in South Africa making
ever bigger demands on our infrastructure of water, electricity, housing, etc.,
a case can be made out for moderate decentralisation of industry. It will
depend whether it is more economic to provide the necessary infrastructure in
new industrial areas. After all, Germany and Switzerland have fairly
decentralised and successful industrial economies. Minimum wage levels must
depend on the productivity levels of labour in a country. If they are set
higher than marginal productivity of labour, they only cause unemployment.
This seems to be the case in South Africa at present.

109



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
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or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

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SOUTH AFRICA

CP ON ECONOMIC POLICY QUESTIONS

MB241141 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Apr 87 p 14

[CP responses to questions on economic policy submitted by THE STAR]

[Text] Could you spell out your party's policies and attitudes to sanctions?

The CP will not allow South Africa to be blackmailed into capitulation through
the application of any form of sanctions. As one of the richest countries in
the world, South Africa does not have to submit to pressure, and the abundance
of strategic metals at. its disposal will be used as our trump card to prevent
sanctions. The CP will also reassess its whole attitude towards for example,
the US and Sweden, and if necessary will even expel foreign diplomats whose
countries declare economic war against us as we do not wish to have spies from
those countries reporting on our activities and exposing the identity of our
friends.

How will you tackle unemployment?

Unemployment stems from a depressed economy and the depressed economy stems from
mismanagement and the instability which accompanies unrest. The ‘CP will,
therefore, immediately restore’ law and order thereby ensuring stability. This
will attract the necessary expansion investment. The CP will also support as a
priority the promotion of intensive agricultural programmes in the self-
governing territories in order to generate maximum employment. Bank rates will
be adjusted down from the present 32 percent ceiling to a level which will
encourage small and medium businesses to develop. These we feel are the basis
of a sound economic system. And will be nurtured by the CP.

What, if any, changes will you make to the taxation system?

Since Mr P.W. Botha came to power in 1979, there has been a dramatic shift in
the burden of taxation from the mining industry and large companies in general
to the individual taxpayer. The CP will embark on a five-year plan which will
see the reduction of individual income tax down to 20 percent of its present

levels. At the same time, the CP will eliminate the loopholes in our present

102



We could cite many other examples, but we feel it is needless, just as it
seems unnecessary to note that the primary reason for the decline in production
is the criminal action of the "apartheid" regime.

It is, however, important to note that the decline in productivity is even morc
accentuated; suffice it to say that the number of salaried workers in 1986 is
almost double that of 1974, whereas production in 1986 is only 20 percent of
what it was in 1974, which gives us a measure of the decline in productivity.

This decline was not in cqual measure in all sectors; there were variations
between them and within each one of them, which were accentuated over time.
The deterioration in the standard of living, affected all the workers equally,
however, since the metical is the same for the productive and the unproductive
worker. ‘hus the devaluation of the metical atfects all wages, those of the
good workers and the bad workers alike.

The articifial maintenance of the labor force and a Wage policy which is not
based on production and productivity penalizes all the workers.

ishen a company or service decides to take on more workers than are strictly
needed, it might be thought that the unemployment problem is solved for some
people, but it is rarely considered that an even greater problem is created,
which is generalized over-employment. ‘his has led to the current situation
in which the salary is no longer representative of the contribution of each

worker.

There are very few work places in which we do not find situations in which the
work done by five employees could not, with proper organization, by done by

two or even one employee. when such situations are generalized, when the

salary of one worker has to be divided among five, we find an explanation for the
deterioration of the living standard.

what does a speedy recovery of the living standard depend on? It depends on
increased production, but, above all, on increased productivity. There can
be an incresse in production with a decline in productivity; if the number of
workers grows more than production, the living standard will continue to
deteriorate.

Under the present circumstances, increased production should bepin in the

rural areas; however, With the foreign aid which is expected for the purchase of
raw materials and parts, industry will be in a position to respond more rapidly,
particularly after 1988. However, any increase in industrial production based
solely on imports will not enable us to achieve a self-sustained recovery-~it
is not right for our textile plants to continue to work with imported cotton

in the future; most of that cotton should be produced domestically.

To improve the standard of living, however, it is not enough to increase pro-
duction. We must move quickly toward a situation in which a worker in the
sugar sector is producing 11 tons instead of 850 kilograms and in which a rail-

way Worker is handling the same tonnage that he did in 1973.

With the price system now in effect, in which most of the companies may set
prices based on real costs, there will be a tendency toward over-pricing, to

62


Military Victories

Caia, Sena, Cheringoma and Maringue districts, in northern Sofala Province,
were recently the scene of successful joint military operations by units of
the Armed Forces of Mozambique and the Zimbabwean Armed Forces.

Important locations and strategic points in that zone, specifically the rail-
way bridge of Dona Ana, in Mutarara, which provides passage over the Zambeze
River, were recaptured by units of the joint forces.

Reporter Joel Kaime writes that our forces “have been winning important battles
against the armed bandits," which have also played a part in the liberation of
another 58,000 people from bandit captivity.

Buildings and other infrastructures in the affected areas have either been
destroyed or seriously damaged, which has already required large expenditures

on their reconstruction. —

Peter Simkim, KFP director for the SAVCC countries, went to Inhaminga, seat. of
Cheringoma District, accompanied by Bronic Symalziki, WFP chief of aid services
in Rome, and by Mozambican officials.

At the end of his visit, he had a lengthy meeting with some of the 3,500 fam-~
ilies who are now in Inhaminga following, their liberation from the armed ban-
dits.

Speaking with these individuals, in whom the problems of hunger, disease and
nakedness were very clearly visible, Simpkin asked what they were eating.

Three elderly women, Joel Jaime writes, left the locale where the meeting was
taking place, while the WFP official waited for an answer.

Minutes later, the three women reappeared, each of them carrying, a pot-shaped
container. Inside was a mixture of ground "capim rasteiro" | type of flat
sedge], green leaves of various trees and kernels extracted from mango pits.

Joel Jaime reports that, “in that area, people eat any type of green leaf which,
on experimentation does not prove to be fatal. The kernels from mango pits
have to be boiled at least 12 times before they are ground up for consumption.

During the meeting, the people made two requests: for immediate consumption,

they asked to be sent corn and salt, considered priorities. ‘they also asked
that corn seed, "mapira," sWeet potatoes, "nhemba" beans and butter heans be

sent in the near future.

Simpkim assured the people that the .FP would take steps to see that the pro-
ducts which are now in Zimbabwe and Malawi will reach the needy areas as quickly
as possible. He saids

“{ will try to tell the world about the atrocities committed by the armed ban-
dits in Mozambique, particularly here in Inhaminga, where 1 have had an oppor-
tunity to verify such acts.”

6362
CSO: 3442/121

48



SOUTH AFRICA

DHLOMO CONFIDENT ABOUT FUTURE OF ILANGA
MB221929 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1849 GMT 22 Apr 87

[Text] Durban April 22 SAPA—ILANGA's future is "absolutely safe," managing
director of the Inkatha-controlled company that purchased it last week,

Dr Oscar Dhlomo, said in Durban today. Dr Dhlomo said that the first issue
of the Zulu-language newspaper produced by the new owners yesterday, “sold
more copies than ever before in the history of the paper." And he added that
"we have had thousands of thousands of applications from black journalists
who want to work for ILANGA." As a result, he added, “we will be increasing
our print order substantially for the issue that will hit the streets
tomorrow. Many disappointed readers telephoned our offices in Durban to express
their regret that they had missed our first issue, and we don't want that to
happen again."

Dr Dhlomo, commenting on the refusal of the editorial staff employed by former
owners Natal Newspapers (Pty) Ltd, to work for the new management, said that
those journalists had never been regarded by the company as employees. "They
never joined us after our acquisition of ILANDA was announced at a press
conference last week. They still regard themselves as employees of Natal
Newspapers," Dr Dhlomo said.

Some "most experienced" journalists had sought work on ILANGA, as well as many
youngsters who "we can train and make into first class staff."

Dr Dhlomo nevertheless expressed "deep regret" at the refusal of the editorial
chapel members of ILANGA to work for the new newspaper. "It was sad for me

to see matriculated black men, educated men, standing around when they should and
could have been working. We made them total guarantees of job safety--they
refused this."

Meanwhile, Mr Ed Booth, managing director of Natal Newspapers, was this after-
noon still holding talks with the SA Newspaper Press Conciliation Board, with
the aim of trying to get the ILANGA journalists to resume work.

/8309
C80: 3400/636

97



EMERGENCY FOOD AID DONATION TO MOZAMBIQUE

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 4 Apr 87 p 1

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/595

GHANA has presented a
cheque for $100,000 to
Mozambique as part of
$250,000 she pledged as
her contribution to help
Mozambique combat its
emergency food situa-
tion. The remaining sum
would be paid later.

‘This was contained in a
ement issued’ by the
Ministry of Information in
Accra yesterday.

Mr Chris Hesse, Ghana’s
High Commissioner in
Zimbabwe and also accre-
ited to Mozambique. pre-
sented the cheque to-Mr

q 0 Caetano Jose
. Mozambique
Ambassador in Zimbabwe.
According to’ the state-
ment. Mr Hesse said Gha-
ma had experienced food
shortages before and could
understand the hardship
Mozambique is now facing
with food shortage which is
worsened by destabilisa-
tion attempts by the
apartheid regime and ban-
ditry.

He said the donation isa
humble gesture by Ghana
to show solidarity with the
yovernment and people of
Mozambique and their
cause to establish social
independence

ie the evil

tion with satisfaction and
appreciation.on behalf of
the government and people
of Mozambique.

He personally expressed
his gratitude to Fit-Lt
Rawlings. PNDC Chair-
man and the people of
Ghana since he is aware of
the foreign exchange diffi-
culties facing the country.

Mr Madeira said the do-
nation will therefore be
used for the intended pur-
pose to improve on the
food situation in Mozam-
bique.

. He said he was in Ghana
in 1985 during the-OAU
Liberation Committee
.conference and could the-
refore not doubt Ghana's
commitment to African
beration.

22

GHANA



GHANA

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF STUDENTS SCHOLARSHIPS
Accra GEANAIAN TIMES in English 4 Apr 87 p 7

[Text] The National Union of Ghana Students (NUGS) yesterday announced that it
had limited number of scholarships for postgraduate and undergraduate studies
in some foreign countries,

A release issued in Accra yesterday by the Permanent Secretariat of NUGS, said
the scholarships, under the International Union of Students (IUS) scholarship
project for 1987-88 academic year, were available in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
GDR, Hungary, Poland, Syria, USSR and Vietnam,

The release requested interested students from member institutions, including
Secondary Schools, to apply stating clearly their preferred fields of study,
curriculum vitae and the extent of participation in students' activities.

The application, the release said, should be handed in personally at the
Office of the Head of the Civil Service in Accra, or the SRC office at the
University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, or posted to the Organizing
Secretary of NUGS Committee on Students Welfare, P.O, Box 157, Legon.

19274
cso: 3400/595

18



labour for temporary voluntary restraints on salaries and wages and prices.
Fighting inflation is not inconsistent with growth, therefore employing people
to utilise idle productive capacity employing the economies of state would
actually bring down costs.

Are you satisfied with the distribution of wealth and land in ‘South Africa and
what changes should be made, if any?

The issue of redistribution of wealth will be a major issue in the future of
South Africa. The only way to avoid conflict on this issue will be for the
economy to grow at a substantial rate and for those who have been deprived to
have a greater and meaningful share of new wealth. ~

How should the economy be stimulated?

The stimulation for the economy should come from the activity referred to above
in order to deal with unemployment.

What are your views on the Government's decentralization policy, and the issue
of abolishing a minimum wage?

Decentralisation on economic grounds is sound policy. On ideological grounds
it is wasteful and ineffective. At this time concentration should be on
creating jobs where this can be done on the cheapest basis possible.

There is no minimum wage for workers in South Africa, therefore it cannot be
abolished. Wage determination and industrial agreements and agreements
negotiated by trade unions lay down minimum wages. As a general rule a man who
does a decent, honest day's work should be capable of earning a wage to keep
at least a basic subsistence level.

Do you regard poverty as a problem in South Africa? If so, how should it be
tackled?

Poverty is a problem. It should be tackled by dealing with unemployment as above
and by education and training with equal opportunity for all.

Given the high level of unemployment, would you consider introducing some form
of social security?

Social help must be given to people in need but it is better to let those work
who can, rather than merely give handouts, but there are aged and handicapped

who need assistance and those who, through no fault of their own cannot find
work, cannot be left unassisted and allowed to starve.

What is your policy on privatisation?

Privatisation is desirable where possible and practical and where it does not
have adverse social implications.

18309
cso: 3400/637

101



MOZAMBIQUE,

BRITISH AID GROUP TOURS FAMINE AREAS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 3 Mar 87 p 8

[Text] The delegation from a British humanitarian aid organization known as
Christian Aid has been in Tete Province since yesterday following a 4-day
visit to a number of areas in Gaza and Inhambane Provinces that are suffering
severely from the prolonged drought.

The delegation also visited the localities where the Mozambique Christian
Council intends to build a clinic and a primary school in Gaza Province and
the agricultural development project in Chinjinguir, Inhambane Province.

According to Joao Muthombene, director of the Projects Department of the
Mozambique Christian Council, the basic purpose of the delegation's visit to
those two provinces was to get a firsthand look at the situation of hunger and
nakedness affecting the inhabitants of a few regions in Gaza and Inhambane so
that it could later study the possibility of specific aid.

In Gaza Province, the Christian Aid delegation visited Chibuto, Maqueze, and
the communal villages of Mukotwene and 25 de Junho, localities where the
Mozambique Christian Council plans to build a clinic and a primary school
respectively.

In the village of Maqueze, where a glaring situation of famine exists, 14
metric tons of corn were distributed to the local inhabitants.

In Inhambane, the delegation visited the agricultural development project in
Chinjinguir in the Homoine District. It also visited the village of Chicomo,
where it was deeply shocked by the situation of hunger and nakedness affecting
the inhabitants of that region in the Massinga District.

To cope with the situation, the Mozambique Christian Counci] will soon ship 20
bales of clothing and a sizable number of blankets to the village of Chicomo.

In both provinces, the visiting delegation was accompanied by members of the
Mozambique Christian Council and of the FRELIMO Party's district structures.

11798
C807 342/117

30



SOUTH AFRICA

NP ON ECONOMIC POLICY QUESTIONS

MB241038 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Apr 87 p 14

{NP responses to questions on economic policy submitted by THE STAR]

[Text] Could you spell out your party's policies and attitudes on sanctions?

We do not believe in sanctions as a means of bringing about enduring changes in
a country's internal policies; if anything, they are quite likely to be counter-
productive. Those sanctions already instituted against us will not make us
sacrifice orderly reform to overseas perceptions on timetables but, inimically,
their short-term effects will be to harm precisely those they were presumably
designed to help.

How will you tackle unemployment?

Here and now we are tackling unemployment by means of a two-pronged strategy:
this involves on the one hand, greatly increased spending on physical and social
infrastructure, and, on the other, supply side measures such as tax reform,
deregulation and privatisation, and productivity enhancement through ongoing
training and retraining for the unemployed, and the provision of work incentives.
The Government has already spent more than R800 million on such training
programmes, which more than 500,000 people attended.

What, if any, changes will you make to the taxation system?

Our broad policy is aimed at so restructuring the tax system as to spread the
fiscal burden equitably and to avoid such levels of direct taxation as would
act as a disincentive to production. The Government is aware that personal
income tax is high, but will await the Margo Commission's report and make it
public before proceeding further on the tax reform path already embarked upon.
It would clearly be premature to respond to an unpublished report or even pre-
empt the commission's work by making major adjustments now.

How do you intend to reduce the rate of inflation?
After the minister of finance had some time ago commissioned people to submit

their viewpoints on inflation, the Economic Advisory Council of the State
President has been asked to submit concrete proposals for early remedial action

111



From a production standpoint, Suleimane Issufo described the current campaign
as the best in recent years for that district, particularly in the localities
of Belane and Mungondzo, among others.

Transport Facilities and Cashew Nut Price

According to statements made by our interviewee, the process of removing the
cashew nuts marketed in the district of Vilanculo has not made very positive
progress, owing the the lack of facilities for this purpose.

In fact, he explained that, of the 48 tons which he purchased, only 23 have
already been removed to the processing plant in the city of Inhambane; and
another 6 tons are still.on the marketing sites, without any information as
to when they may be removed to the district warehouse.

Based on statements made by the subject of our interview, the problem lies in

the fact that none of the 10 intermediaries have means of transportation, and
the warehouse owner himself has only one Izuzu truck with a 3.5-ton capacity.
This vehicle was given to him last year by the Ministry of Trade, as an incentive
for the effort expended during the 1985-86 campaign. Nevertheless, this truck
lacks a four-wheel drive system, hampering its capacity to penetrate the interior
sections, which are very sandy.

That wholesaler observed: "I also have a broken tractor and two trucks, a
Mercedes-Benz and a Volvo. However, these vehicles have been damaged, and hence
cannot ensure removal of the products allocated for the district's supply which,
in recent years, have been picked up in Inhambane and, in some cases, directly
in Maputo." He added that the problem has become even worse because most of
the localities are from 100 to 150 kilometers distant from the district head-
quarters.

He noted that the purchase of a large tonnage truck equipped with a four-wheel
drive system is his great dream. Furthermore, in the future this would be a
great step forward in the search for improved conditions to market cashew nuts
in that district, because, at present, both the warehouse owner and the interme-
diaries are resorting to the leasing of private vehicles to remove their cashew

nuts.

He commented: "Based on the current nut prices, considering the rise in prices
of certain items in the PRE [Economic Recovery Program] area, the profits that
we are accruing from ‘marketing nuts are not compensatory."

He added that it would be feasible to set the price of the nuts variably, in
the future, depending on the specific conditions under which they are merketed.

It should be recalled that the district of Vilanculo, one of those hardest hit
by the drought in Inhambane, marketed 160 tons of cashew nuts in the 1985-96
harvest, with a total of 20 intermediaries from the 60 commercial establishments
existing in the district as a whole.

2909
cso: 3442/140

54



SOUTH AFRICA

NRP ON ECONOMIC POLICY QUESTIONS
MB241200 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Apr 87 p 14

[New Republic Party, NRP, responses to questions on economic policy submitted
by THE STAR]

[Text] Could you spell out your party's policies and attitudes to sanctions?

Sanctions are intended to damage the South African economy. If you damage the
SA economy, you cause more unemployment, poverty and hunger, particularly

among the less skilled and unskilled workers of SA. Politicians in countries
like the US and Australia, of course, have a vested interest in protecting their
constituencies against SA competition under the guise of high morality. Why
South African politicians, particularly men of the cloth, should favour
sanctions, passes understanding. They cannot possibly want more misery for the
disadvantaged classes. Maybe they do not understand what they are doing. This
has been borne out by recent comments by trade unionist who originally support—
ed sanctions and are now backing off because of resultant unemployment .

How will you tackle unemployment?

In the short term unemployment can only be tackled by labour intensive public
works programmes aimed at improving the social infrastructure--for example
roads, dams and erosion works in the homelands, self-governing states and
cheap housing generally. In the medium to longer term, the abolition of all
unnecessary restrictions on the informal sector, to get “inward” industrial
activity going. A massive increase in technological training restrictions on
labour movement. The economy will then grow much faster in the longer term.

What, if any, changes will you make to the taxation system?

In the past decade there has been a big shift in the tax burden on to the
shoulders of the individual income tax payer. This is one of the causes leading
to the emigration of the highly skilled professionals and entrepreneurs. It
will not be possible to reduce the tax burden as a whole in view of the immense
social and political problems defacing this country. Over the longer term the
tax burden can only be lightened when, through appropriate economic and political
measures, the economy grows at five percent and higher a year. Given our human
and natural resources, this is easily achievable.

108



PIENAAR SPEECH EXPOSES DIFFERENCES WITH SOUTH AFRICA

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 2 Mar 87 pp 4, 5

[Text]

WINDHOEK: This week’s: political turbulence
caused by a speech by the South African State Presi-
dent’s representative in SWA/Namibia, Mr Louis
Pienaar, has highlighted stark differences of ap-
proach to a resolution: of the dispute over the ter-

ry.

In a statement in Cape
Town last Thursday, the State
President, Mr PW Botha, said
he stood fully by the remarks
contained ‘in Mr Pienaar’s
specch at the opening of the
Namibian National As-
sembly.

“Mr Pienaar is continually
in contact with me on
progress made by the Govern-
ment of National Unity on
the constitutional road;’ Mr
Botha said.

“I am satisfied that in his
speech to the opening of the

National Assembly ‘on Febru-:

ary 24, 1987 he has fully acted
within his rights and powers
after consulting with me be-
forehand”

Mr Pienaar told the Na-
tional Assembly last Tuesday
that South Africa had strong
views on broadening the base
for political consultation in
the territory.

In a speech described as
“controversial”, Mr Pienaar
told astonished members of

the Transitional Government
that they had fallen short of
South Africa’s clearly stated
policy.

South Africa did not regard
the Namibian Constitutional
Council as sufficiently
representative to take valid de-
cisions, and Pretoria did not
necessarily view the majority
aspirations of the Namibian
people as identical to the will
of the majority in the multi-
racial "+ Transitional
Government.

The Administrator-General
suggested that regional ethnic
elections be held to determine
who the leaders were.

To that end South Africa
was prepared to take back cer-
tain government functions:
from the Transitional authori-
ty, stunned members of the
National Assembly heard.

In a statement published
this weekend, the chairman of
the Owambo Administration,

72

'Mr Peter Kalangula (who is
not in the — Transitional
Government), said he had
found the elections statement
“interesting”.

After discussions with Mr
Pienaar in Windhoek on Fri-
day, Mr Kalangula indicated
that his Christian Democratic
Action party would ask for an
interview’ with Mr Botha to
pursue the issue.

Mr Kalangula and the lead-
er of the Damara Council, Mr
Justus Garoeb, have repeated-
ly declined invitations to join
the Transitional Government,

| which consists of six political
groups.

Mr Kalangula has demand-
-ed ethnic elections aniong the
numerically large Owambo
group before he would con-
sider the Transitional Govern-
ment while Mr Garoeb, who
briefly sat in the prescursor to
the Transitional Government
— the Multi-Party Confer-


In addition, for him, "the purely technical responses" to our problems "have
succeeded in halting the econdmic decline, without thereby creating the indis-
pensable conditions for real growth and without which the modest gains of the
current stabilization program will have no future."

He is firmly convinced that "the international crisis does not explain every-
thing because we share that situation with other Third World countries.". We
must therefore have "a radical and adequate solution," a solution "of an
economic and political nature." To do so, we must use our own resources to
find solutions through reallocation and more rigorous budgeting, "instead of
plunging into tax increases." It was evident in the motions passed that "the
mobilization of the people within a democratic institutional framework" went
along with such a trend because more than ever, "production was the affair of
the people" well organized to avoid a passive attitude.

"The economic takeoff needs new national confidence," which presumes a new
approach to the framework of action of the entire nation, according to the
VITM. This National Council meeting of the Vonjy Iray Tsy Mivaky revealed
that leaders at all levels would do better to be inspired by the motions
passed by the Council. They must proceed to make'"a valid and far-sighted
self-criticism," the only way to arrive at positive solutions.

For example, on the political and administrative level, these motions recom-
mend that one avoid "the confusion of competencies in the exercise of power"
and seek an independent legal system on the same footing as existing institu-
tions in order to prevent deplorable meddling. For elections at all levels,
Razanabahiny's group will present candidates even for the presidency.

In the economic field, civic, moral and social development must serve as a
basic principle for all activities in which the taste for risk and the spirit
of initiative will lead liberalization toward rational growth. For industry,
a more flexible framework is recommended by the VITM with a banking sector
that must not paralyze the private sector.

On the social level, youth affiliated with the group have issued very pertinent
resolutions concerning the civil service, work and employment, health, educa-
tion, culture, art and information. In these different sectors, they ask that
a system better adapted to real needs be set up, first of all in order to ab-
sorb unemployment, but also to ensure the physical and moral health of the
population. Regarding information, disinformation was strongly condemned

and the need to use the media in a less restrictive spirit from all standpoints
was stressed. Concerning education, the young Vonjy members affirmed their
support for the drafting of a thorough reorganization so as to have unified
action from the elementary grades through the university.

What can be said about this National Council meeting of 28 February 1987?

A great deal. The platform enabled the members of a revolutionary group to
loudly proclaim truths that others only dared think. They are the members of
a group that dsks for a "revision of the constitution" without thereby denying
the socialist choice. They note that the Front for the Defense of the Revolu—
tion is operating poorly and that the National People's Assembly is now no

24



COCOA PRICES BOOSTED BY SECOND TIER SYSTEM

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 6 Apr &7 p 20

[Text]

19274
cso:

"Tia prioes of come of some

non-vil ‘export

commodities —

cocoa,has

‘attributed to to the

of the

iprodne tier Foreign

Exchange Market
(SFEM).

The principle

economist of the United

1,200 per tonne because of
the related reason.

development’

Another positive effect.of-
SFEM, the economist
Pointed out, was the
abolition of import,
licensing stressing: “By

3400/600

this singular .act coupled
with ‘the competitive
bidding for foreign
exchange, the authority is
now better placed to plug
leakages in the system as
well as rationalise the
availability and utilisation.

} of scarce hard currency”.

SFEM facilitates
system of prompt:
settlement of import bills,
implying. that current
transactions are. now
automatically. on current
basis since ‘foreign
exchange is purchased
before letters of credit are
opened.

‘The incentive for over-

invoicing has diminished

considerably a8
margin on

shrinks in’ the face of
SFEM-induced costs and
unprecedented market

profit
business

90

other advantages of SFEM
as, increased naira revenues
for the federal and state
gavernmefits, noting that
with improved fiscal
discipline and public
accountability ail arrears of
wages and salaries in the
public sector were cleared
before the end of last year,
while tight limits were put
on .the borrowings,
especially by the state
governments. “At the
Federal. Government level;

receipts”.
There has been .

substantial progress
towards the ination
of a realistic exchange price

of the naira through the
introduction of the SFEM.
Substantial over-vaiuation
of the naira is being
removed with “incredibly
salutary effect on non-oil
export commodities.”

NIGERIA



class and the promotion and graduation of certain cadres and officers to the
next higher level, to meet the requirement of making military rank correspond
to the post occupied by each officer.

In his address, the minister of defense also warned the new officers that the
honor of the ranks they have been given, far from merely conferring upon them
the authority and the capacity inherent in the posts they occupy, also
represents an evidence of the recognition of their great contribution to the
fatherland, as well as evidence of the confidence placed in them by President
Jose Eduardo dos Santos, in the name of the entire Angolan people.

This important ceremony was attended by members of the Central Committee of
the Party and the general staff of the FAPLA, as well as commanders and
officers of our army.

‘Geremonies for the promotion of officers to high ranks in the FAPLA were also
held in Huambo and Benguela, readers can find a report on these events on page
3.

5157
CSO: 3442/129



ence — has been aligned with
Swapo since 1984.

Already fears have been ex-;
pressed that if the two leaders
should enter the Transitional
Govenrment after ethnic elec-
tions, they would claim to
represent nearly 70 per cent of
the population and demand
representation accordingly in
the National Assembly and
the Cabinet.

Mr Pienaar was seen as
referring to Mr Kalangula and
Mr Garoeb, _ particularly,
when he quoted Mr Botha as
saying there were “jmportant”
leaders in Namibia who were
not yet part of a broadened
base of political consultation.

Mr Pienaar said the “blame
for their non-involvement”
did not lie exclusively with the
Transitional Government, but

ing the participation of others
would rest principally on
those wielding power.

“One might have expected
certain’ overt ~ strategies to
achieve that objective.”

Ina diameterically opposed
view, the Transitional Cabinet
shifted the responsibility for
attracting other parties to the
Transitional Government to
Mr Pienaar.

It said in a statement after
an extraordinary session last
Wednesday that it “commend
to the Administrator-General
that he should use whatever
influence he has at his dis-
posal to encourage those “im-
portant leaders’ in the SWA
set-up”, who despite repeated
invitations to do so, have re-
fused to join the process of
national reconciliation, to do
so at the earliest possible op-
portunity”

‘The Cabinet reiterated that
it was determined — to
“eliminate from Namibia's
constitutional instrument
all traces of racism and forced
ethnic segregation” to be

replaced by non-racial geo-
graphic administrative units
in which all sections would be
represented. .

“There is no going back on
that decision?” the Cabinet
statement said.

‘The statement was issued
after a majority vote, with the
SWA National Party and the
Rehoboth Liberated
Democrats apparently voting
against it, which reaffirmed
divisions inside the Cabinet
itself,”

Swapo, which says it has
becn waging guerrilla warfare
in Namibia for nearly 21 years
against South Africa's control
of the Territory, said in a
statement from Luanda pub-
lished in Windhoek on Friday
that the Transitional Govern-
ment’s ° announced —pro-
gramme of action was part of
“the musical chairs” played in
the Territory.

Since 1978, Pretoria had
been experimenting with a
host of “weird schemes” to
cobble together some kind of
internal political alternative,
the Swapo statement said.

The drafting of a “bogus
constitution” in Windhoek
“will never be worth the paper
‘on which it was being written
because its authors have abso-
lutely no support from the
Namibian people’

The Swapo statement said
the fundamental point that

Pretoria and the Transitional.

Government should grasp was
that the path of an internal
solution was actually a dead-
nd street.

“Whatever they may say

* and do, the puppets (the Tran-

sitional Government) will find
themselves in the same posi-
tion as did Abel Muzorewa in
Rhodesia?’ Swapo said.

They will be unable “to
stop the war and gain interna-
tional support?”

73

In another published state-
ment, the Coloured Labour
Party, saw Mr ° Pienaar’s
specch as an attempt to “use
Namibia” for political pur-

, pose in the forthcoming elec-

tion among whites in South
Africa.

The right-wing Herstigte
Nasionale Party in SWA (out-
side the government) urged
Mr Botha in an earlier telexed
message to accord the same
recognition to “own affairs”
(group rights) in the ‘Territory
as it did in South Africa.

In his speech, Mr Pienaar
emphasised that a future con-
stitution should safeguard
minority ‘rights in the Ter-
ritory. . :

The Labour Party said in its
statement it found incompre-
hensible “the sudden desire”
for ethnic elections, which
would be in ‘sharp contrast
“with the present climate of
national reconciliation” — in
Namibia.

In 1985 ethnic elections due
to be held in ‘Namibia were
cancelled and the official rea-
son given was that it would
cause tensions, and even a
split, in © the ‘Transitional
Government if the six mem-
ber parties had to go through
the strains of fighting each
other in second-tier elections.

In another ‘statement pub-
lished oni Friday, a’ left-wing
group of the SWA’ National
Union (outside the govern-
ment) said the Transitional
Government wai “at the mer-
cy” of Pretoria.

The © State President's
proclamation R101, which in-
stituted the government on
June’ 17, 1985, was “just a
piece of paper” which could
be revoked at any time.

If Mr Kalangula and Mr
Garoeb should join the con-
‘Sstitutional process they were



the language of instruction at
schools, they had to conform
to minimum academic and age
requirements to be admitted to
any particular school stan-
dard, and they had to reside wi-
thin a specified distance of
schools they wanted to attend.

“There will be no lowering
of teaching’ standards and
‘there will be no bussing;’ Mr
Matjila said.

The SWANP firmly resisted
the central government's
proposal, particularly through
its present Cabinet delegate,
Mr Jannie de Wet, and when
schools reopened at the begin-
ning of this year, white class-
rooms and playing fields re-
mained prohibited terrain for
black and brown school
children.

In December fast year, a le-
gal way out of the impasse was
offered in a judgement deli-
vered by a full bench of five
judges of the Windhoek
Supreme Court.

Reading out Judgement re-
marks, the Judge-President of
Namibia, Mr Justice Hans
Berker, reminded the Transi-
tional Government that it was
under legal obligation in terms
of the South African State
President’s Proclamation R101
to review and abolish legisla-
tion that clashed with the Bill
of Fundamental Rights con-
tained in the Proclamation.

A standing committee had
to be formed as an important

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 25 Mar 87 p 3

[Text]

instrument to consider such
laws, the court said, but it
emerged after the court ruling
that no such committee had
been convened.

Proclamation R101, which
instituted the Transitional
Government on June 17, 1985,
enjoined the Cabinet to submit
for a final decision to the court
laws deemed incompatible
with the Fundamental Rights
Bill, according to the court’s
ruling.

The fundamental rights’

committee's report was tabled
last month, and it would ap-
pear at this stage a foregone
conclusion that the Adminis-
tration for Whites would not
amend its education ordinance
to allow children of other race
groups to attend white shcools.

The SWANP leader, Mr
Kosie Pretorius, said after his
party’s defeat in the White
Legislative Assembly on
March 13 that his administra-
tion would continue to manage
its schools as before, until a
congress of the SWANP decid-
ed differently.

His remarks came under
considerable criticism by polit-
ical opponents who argued Mr
Pretorius was elevating a polit-
ical party organ to a status
above that of a government in-
strument such as the represen-
tative authority for whites.

Mr de Wet said in debate that
the educaiton policy of the
White Administration was not

Test for Transitional Government

79

in conflict with the rights bill,
and in any event schools were
constitutional issue that had
to be decided by the Constitu-

_ tional Council.

In such a deadlock, one al-
ternative for the Cabinet at
central government level would
be to let the Supreme Court de-
cide whether schools should be
opened to all race groups in
view of the stipulations of the
Fundamental Rights Bill.

Political analysts accept that
if the court should rule in
favour of the desegragation of
schools, the automatic tum-
bling down would be imminent
of all remaining statutory dis-
crimination, iticluding Procla-
mation AG 8 (1980) which in-
stitutes and maintains second-
tier ethnic authorities in
Namibia.

The last alternative for the
Namibian Cabinet is to take
half-hearted or noaction atall,
contrary to its own decision, in
spite of the recommendations
by the fundamental rights
committee and the Supreme
Court ruling, and in spite of
the resolution by the central
government’s legislative arm.

If that-should happen, the
Transitional Government in
Namibia would stand dis-
credited internally and abroad
onceand for all, no matter how
cleverly public relations cos-
metics were applied to repair
its scars, said senior govern-
ment sources and critics alike.

AS THE debate rages on over just what last week’s
vote in the White Legislative Assembly means, only
one thing stands out clearly: and thatis that education
remains THE issue among whites.



ANGOLA

SOVIET PROFESSORS PARTICIPATE IN CONFERENCE IN BENGUELA

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 18 Feb 87 p 3

[Text] Benguela~-Yuri Klimov, a Soviet doctor of historical sciences,
reasserted the decision of his country to increase aid to and relations of
friendship and cooperation with countries in the process of development, in
particular Angola, Mozambique, Nicaragua and Afghanistan, in a statement made
in this city Monday.

Yuri Klimov, who spoke at a conference on the causes and goals of the new
measures adopted by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union with a view to the
reorganization of Soviet society, emphasized that his country is also aiding
such countries as Cuba, Vietnam and Kampuchea.

The Soviet expert said that the measures which have now been adopted in his
country are designed basically to create a new dynamics capable of measuring
up to the requirements presently imposed by the advances in technology and
science, on the one hand, and on the other hand, in order to cope more
effectively with the maneuvers of the imperialists.

He also said that there is great concern about raising the standard of living
of the peoples, among other things, and ensuring that the citizens participate
more in the administration of the country.

During his lecture, which lasted about 3 hours, Dr Yuri Klimov emphasized that
the Soviet Union will continue to make every effort in the search for
solutions to the problem of peace in the world, despite the fact that his
country's moratorium on nuclear tests has officially expired.

The lecture, which was held in the municipal commissariat, was attended by Maj
Joao Lourenco, provincial commissioner of Benguela, members of the Provincial
Party Committee, representatives of the government and the mass and social
organizations and invited guests.

5157
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Do you regard poverty as a problem in South Africa? If so, how should it
be tackled?

Poverty is not an absolute, but a relative condition, depending on circum—
stances. Blacks in South Africa, although their standard of living may be
below that of whites, are relatively better off than blacks in many black-
ruled African states. It is just as impossible to equalise living standards
of whites and blacks in South Africa as it is to equalise the living
standards of Europe and Africa. It is the supreme fallacy to equate justice
with equality. Diversity is incompatible with equality, and remuneration
commensurate with lesser ability cannot be regarded as a symptom of poverty.
Every effort should be made to make persons self-reliant and enable them

to live a decent life. A welfare economy is not the solution.

Given the high level of unemployment, would you consider introducing some form
of social security?

The high rate of unemployment was caused by the Government's policies, which
has brought economic growth to far below the required level. The question of
unemployment can be tackled only at its roots, which is the Government's social
ideas of equalising white and black standards in South Africa. In addition,
the Government's education policy for blacks is creating more and more people
qualified for jobs that do not exist, and the relaxation of influx control

is attracting more and more people to a labour market where supply exceeds
demand. This has been exacerbated by the high interest rates introduced in
1984, which caused numerous bankruptcies and further unemployment. As a
temporary measure financial relief should be given to the unemployed, but this
cannot be regarded as a cure. A return to proper financial administration and
sound economic rules are what is required.

What is your policy on privatisation?

Privatisation in South Africa is a means whereby the already over-concentration
of economic power in the hands of a small number of persons is further advanced.
The population as a whole gain nothing by privatisation and is increasingly
exposed to monopolistic practices. A nation must through State enterprise be
protected against exploitation by financial interests intent on more and more
profits, irrespective of the effects on the country and society. The HNP is
not in favour of privatisation, especially of the more profitable undertakings
such as Sasol [South African Coal, Oil, and Gas Corporation], from which the
Government could derive income which could enable it to reduce taxes.

/8309
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107



19274
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3400/617

One seasoned observer of
“white politics” pinpointed
what some see as a crossroads
for the National Party more as
“a personal clash”.

Itis believed to be directly re-
lated to the forced exodus of
NP representatives last year
from key TG posts over the “in-
terpretation of party prin-
ciples”.

Key figure in the dramatic
move was former NP Cabinet
Minister and brother of Frans
van Zyl, Eben van Zijl.

Although resigning their
National Assembly posts, all
have remained in the NP.

When it came to the vote on
Friday, two of Mr van Zyl’s NP
colleagues, former deputy Ca-
binct Minister Tinus Blaauw
and Fanie Vilonel supported
him, as well as all seven Repu-
blican Party MLAs.

Asaresult they outvoted fel-
low Nats by ten votes to seven.

Both Mr Pretorius’ and Mr
van Zyl’s motions ruled out
race and colour as factors, and
took note of the provisions of
the Bill of Fundamental
Rights.

Where Mr van Zyl referred
to agreements of member par-
ties of the Transitional Govern-
ment, Mr Pretorius spelled out

which agreements.
Whereas Mr van Zyl wanted

the House to unambiguously
identify itself with the Bill of
Rights, Mr Pretorius wanted it
spelled out they stood by the
Bill, also unambiguously, but
only for the “transitional”
period.

He pointed out a new consti-
was being drawn up,
wi would probably include

a revised Bill of Rights.
It is possible that the real

crunch lay in interpretations
which were not tabled, but im-
plied in debate.

77



corporate tax system which allows large-scale tax avoidance by big business.
The CP will revamp the present GST [General Sales Tax] system to ensure
minimal avoidance of payment by legislation to ensure the collection of GST
at source of origin instead of at point of sale. The GST will be separately
reflected throughout the various stages of sale of manufacture and this
will eliminate the profiteering presently being experienced.

How do you intend to reduce the rate of inflation?

Inflation is caused by inter alia excess printing of money and the narrowing
of the wage gap without the accompanying increase in productivity, as well as
the excessive wage demands by black trade unions. It is also caused by a weak
rand competing on a par with stronger currencies. These high prices are being
matched by sometimes unjustifiably high local prices which the CP feels are
cartel-induced. The CP will strictly control the printing of money and will
immediately suspend the narrowing of the wage gap unless this NP policy is
accompanied by a measurable increase in productivity. Once the policy of
political partition becomes fully operational, black trade unions will be
abolished; labour agreements will be negotiated between white South Africa
and black governments concerned.

Are you satisfied with the distribution of wealth and land in South Africa
and what changes should be made, if any?

Land distribution has ensured that 54 percent of the arable land is located in
the black territories; it produces only seven percent of the food and this
indicates that there is no need for further redistribution of land. The
population explosion is a real problem and will be closely investigated. We
believe in the creation of wealth, not the distribution of wealth. Distribu-
tion of wealth as referred to by Mr Chris Heunis means high taxes for the
whites with little or no concomitant benefit as in other countries. The CP
opposes the use of tax paid by the whites for the benefit of other peoples.
While accepting a certain responsibility to assist with the development of
other parts of Southern Africa, this should be rather financed from the taxes
of the mining industries and big corporations.

How should the economy be stimulated?

A true free enterprise economy as proposed by the CP needs no artificial
stimulation. With competitive bank interest rates and low individual taxes,
a situation is created where the incentive to produce can be taken up by the
productive. They are at the moment being penalised for being productive and
we believe this is one of the main reasons for the brain drain.

What are your views on the Government's decentralization policy, and the
issue of abolishing a minimum wage?

In a true free enterprise system, wages should be governed by labour avail—
ability, productivity and skills. The introduction of minimum levels leads
to unemployment in certain sectors, as is the case in the United States where
50 percent of young blacks are unemployed. With regard to decentralisation,

103



NIGERIA

GDR LOAN SLATED FOR EDUCATION, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 4 Apr 87 pp 1, 9

[Text]

A 200-MILLION dollar loan
yesterday signed

Government
ernment of the German

tic lic (GDR).
In his

at the signing
, the Minister of Fi-
nance, Dr. Chu P.S. Okoi
said it was gratifying to note that
at a time when the world
was going through a dif-
ficult phase, oe eee ta the
third world countries, there were
still countries prepared to give a

ie said he considered it a
manifestation of goodwill
rds the and the

towa: government
people of Nigeria “for which we
are most grateful.”
mile-stone in the relation bet-
ween the two countries and pave
the way for continwed fruitful
cooperation.

He said this was the first credit

19274

cso: 3400/603

the dramatic drop in the price of
crude oil and the depression in
the world economy, adding that
this has seriously. affected
Nigeria's ability to meet its exter-
nat financial obligation, leading
to the need to reschedule the ex-

1 debt.

The minister said in order to
revitalise the economy, secure
debt relief and return to interna-
tional credit-worthiness, Nigeria
had to introduce the structural
adjustment

international community.

This programme, he said, has
aimed at ordering and realising
aggregate domestic expenditure
and productive pattern so as to
minimise dependence on import,
enhance non-oil export and steer
the economy back to the path of
steady and balanced growth.

He said in the last few years
Nigeria had witnessed a
dramatic change in its economic
revolution ard it was the resolve

88

of the administration to suc-
cessfully implement the SAP in
order not fo repeat the mistake of
the past.

He added that the SAP envisag-
ad a greater role for the private
sector and invited the govern-
ment of the GDR their
business enterprises to come and
2stablish ventures in Nigeria.

The loan is for the funding of
aducation and rural electrifica-
tion projects. It would be
repayable over a ten-year period
with three years moritorium at
8.5 per cent interest.

The head of the German
delegation to the signing of the
agreement, Dr. Wolfgang
Brucknor who is the Minister.for
Trade Foreign Department of the
GDR said his government not only
signed the agreement but would
implement it as quickly as possi-

le.

He congratulated the Federal
Government on all its economic
policies formulated to revamp
the economy.


Abdul Sacul has been appointed representative in Paris, France.
Alberto Bobo has been appointed representative in Berlin, FRG.

Mozambique Airports
Engineer Jose Salomone Cossa has been appointed director general.

Engineer Amade Mussagy has been appointed deputy director general and director
of engineering.

Felismino Charras has been appointed director of the Maputo International
Airport.

National Air Transport and Service Enterprise (1TA)

Engineer Lourenco Chilundo has been appointed deputy director general and
managing engineer. 7 .

National Aeronautical School
Anibal Samuel has been appointed deputy director general.

A Pedagogical Council has been established for the school. Its members are
the national director of civil aviation, the director general of the LAM, the
director general and deputy director general of the school, the director
general of Mozambique Airports, and the director general of the TTA.

Praise for Jose Bacelar

The Coordinating Council of the Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications
issued a public commendation of Commander Jose Bacelar, who has relinquished
his duties as director general of Mozambique Airlines.

‘The announcement «stated that during his 7 years at the head of that
enterprise, Jose Bacelar had been "a manager with an amicable manner who was
able to establish friendship with his subordinates."

"Acting with perseverance and methodical work, Jose Bacelar was one of. the
great workers behind the organization of Mozambique Airlines," said Armando
Guebuza, minister of transport and telecommunications. .

Commander Jose Bacelar was the first director general of the LAM after the
DETA [Air Transport Exploitation Directorate] was abolished during a period of
serious difficulties.

We have learned that although Jose Bacelar is resigning from the management of
the cnterprise, he will continue--as before--to work as an airline captain.

11798
CSO: 3442/117

56



Confidence in the Future

The warehouse management is paying particular heed to the matter of occupa—
tional training because, according to Manuel Jose, the improved rendering of
service intended for the future depends on this.

It is within this context that permanent occupational training centers are
operating in the Maputo, Beira, Quelimane, and Nampula branches. Two types
of courses are given in these centers, namely, for basic training and for
specialization.

The basic courses in auto-mechanics and injection pump mechanics, as well as
for.automotive vehicle electricians, last a year and 8 months, respectively,
and are given to apprentices who, upon. completing their training successfully,
are considered professionals.

The specialized courses are generally given by monitors from the factories
supplying the equipment themselves, under the responsibility of the Commercial
Warehouse, and deal with specific fields, that is, the engine, the injection
pumps, or other parts of vehicles.

These short-term courses are given by monitors from Mercedes-Benz, Peugeot, and
Massey Ferguson, and workers from the warehouse and from state enterprises

and agencies using vehicles of the aforementioned makes or irrigation equipment
and pumps and engines, participate in them.

The entry into operation of the vehicle rehabilitation line offers new prospects
for the future of the occupational training sector.

Commenting on this point, the director of that enterprise said that, from now
on, the workers will be able to complement the knowledge acquired in the courses
with practical work.

He also noted that.the training has at times been hampered by the lack of spare
parts, because it has not always been possible to implement in practice what
the students learned in the theoretical courses.

Manuel Jose remarked: "We hope that, within the 2 years set. for the execution
of the program to rehabilitate the fleet, our workers will be equipped to make
repairs on the engines, assemblies, and spare parts."

2909
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52



SCHEDULE FOR OPENING TEHRAN EMBASSY ANNOUNCED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 9 Apr 87 p 3

[Text]

19274
CSO:

GHANA and the Islamic Republic
of Iran have signed a protocol
agreement under which Ghana
will open an embassy in Tehran
next year.

The protocol covers a joint’ politi-
cal, technical, economic,.cultural and
military co-operation.

A commission to co-ordinate these
areas of co-operation will be formed

.and will hold annual sessions in Teh-

ran and Accra on rotational basis.

3400/595

The agreement was signed by Dr
Obed Asamoah, Secretary for Foreign
Affairs and Mr Ali Akbar Velayati
Iranian Foreign Minister when the
former paid an official visit to Iran.

The agreement also touched on the
possibility for mutual co-operation in
the use of Ghana’s oil refinery and
Iran prospecting for gas and oil in
Ghana. .

The two countries also discussed
expansion of commercial, agricultural
and medical co-operation. ‘

Ghana and Iran also pledged to
co-operate and co-ordinate their
stands on issues of Africa, especially
Southern Africa.

Dr Asamoah also called on President Ali
Khameni_and delivered a special message from
PNDC Chairman Fit-Lt J.J. Rawlings.

He also extended an invitation from the
Chairman to President Khameni to visit
Ghana.

14

GHANA



("The ground opened up to reveal fissures/The rain was stopped with flame and
sealing wax/Over one's eyes is a blindfold/Of cloth that is thick, strong, and
acrid.")

"On the 13th, they told us: ‘You are on your way to freedom.' Then they took
the seven adults (three Portuguese, a German man and a Peruvian woman, and an
Englishman [numbers as published]) and one 2-year-old child and sent them on
their way to the Malawian frontier. By the 19th we had already covered a good
120 kilometers or so when, either out of anger or on a whim, they ordered us
to fall back to a safe place at a forced march lasting 5 hours. We continued
to retreat until 22 December, when they ordered us to move forward
unconditionally. On the 23d we were at the frontier. At around 0700 hours,
we were met by the Red Cross and started off for Blantyre, where our
respective ambassadors were waiting for us."

Following a number of twists and turns (with everything ready for the return
to Lisbon, an unexpected agreement between the governments of Malawi and
Mozambique forced them to go to Maputo), Christmas was spent in the Mozambican
capital. It was a time of sadness and distress with a ray of hope.

“The Mozambican Government is more receptive to the church and its criticisms,
and some things are being corrected. And many important people in Maputo
expect that of the church. ‘The bishops have been attempting without fanfare
to keep the government. informed of the people's suffering."

Once in Lisbon, they learned that some of their fellow captives had been
freed, but at a distance of 200 kilometers from Tete.

Maputo, 5 Dec (ANOP)--The Maputo government has requested that the United
Nations begin an emergency program for the resettlement in Tete Province of
about 70,000 Mozambicans who are currently refugees in Malawi because of the
war.

The Mozambican Government intends to rescttle the refugees 12 kilometers from
the city of ‘fete in the Moatize area, where about 4,000 refugees from the war,
which is intensifying in the province, are currently sleeping in the railroad
station.

They are aware of the tragedy, and that is why they cannot help saying, like
Father Antonio Reis, 50, that "I would very much like to go back there."

(Vast, long, dry fields/And rough rocks in the night/The months run past Like
the notes/Of a sidereal song of mourning.")

11798
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43



MOZAMBIQUE

58,000 LIBERATED FROM BANDITS IN SOFALA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Mar 87 p 1
[Article based on report by NOTICIAS correspondent Joel Jaime |

Lvext] Another 58,000 people, liberated about 4 weeks ago from the armed ban-
dits during military cleanup operations in Caia, Cena, Cheringoma and Maringue
districts in Sofala Province, are in need of emergency food aid and medicines,
writes reporter Joel Jaime, having toured several zones in that region on a
special assignment for NOTICIAS. in inhaminga, for example, the unfortunate

victims declared: "we wish the aid would come faster, because our children
can't take any more of this kind of suffering."

The reporter said that, according, to the figures supplied_by the Department for
Prevention of and Combat against Natural Disasters | DPCCN] in Be ra, Sofala
Province is in urgent need of 14,000 tons of grains, tv cope with this situa-
tion.

Our source notes that most of those liberated are minors, whose parents have

been murdered by the armed bandits. Among, the liberated population, there are
all kinds of ailments, some of them serious, With venereal diseases prominent
among, them.

in addition to the grain figure, the DPCCN provided information about other
needs, In fact, 200 tons of tish, 10 tons of scap and 650 sets of clothing are
also needed, among, other products and articles.

“The hunger problems caused by the bandits' activities are aggravated by the
drought in the northern districts of Sofala Province," writes correspondent
Joel Jaime.

Peter Simpkim, director of the world Food Program [sEV] for the SADCC | South-
ern African Development Coordination Conference | countries, was recently in
Sofala Province, He reported that there are already huge quantities of food-
stuffs in Zimbatwe and Malawi to aid the population of Sofala Province.

‘he purpose of his visit was primarily to learn about the existing, problems and
to ascertain how the emergency aid could reach the locations in need as quickly
as possible, either from Zimbabwe or Malawi or even via the city of Beira.

47



NATIONAL PARTY SEEKS ELECTION AFTER DEFEAT IN ASSEMBLY

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 16 Mar 87 pp 1,5

[Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

THE NATIONAL Party is angling for an
own election in the wake of losing a vote
Friday in the white Legislative Assembly
for the first time in nearly 40 years.

‘Strongly in favour is Nat Ca-
binet Minister Jannie de Wet,
while party leader and white
executive chairman Kosie Pre-
torius supports the idea in
spirit.

‘Their views appear to reflect
widespread party feeling.

Mr de Wet said an election
was the natural thing “to come.

_out of such a vote”,

Jt was THE democratic way
of testing opinion.

“I really feel we should have
one?’ he said, adding that as
long as the issue hung in the air
it could affect negotiations.

Mr Pretorius said as a result
of what had happened he
would be more in favour of
elections “as soon as possible”,
but added he would like to lea-
ve the door open.

However, he said to talk of

‘elections at the moment was

futile as there was no electoral
legislation. _

Asked whether
Administrator-General Louis
Pienaar could act to facilitate
such a election, Mr Pretorius
agreed there was a possibility
that the AG might, as he told

the National Assembly earlier,
take back some powers to make
it possible.

Another senior NP source
told The Advertiser that they
were not particularly worried
about the vote defeat.

“It only ‘strengthens our
hand- for an election? he
added.

‘The Nat defeat came in a de-
bate, which on the surface any-
way, would have had the most
astute political observer puzz-
ling to find major differences

between a motion by Nat ‘re-"

bel’ Frans van Zyl and an
amended motion by party lea-
der Kosie Pretorius.

In dispute was the contro-
versial education issue and
what exactly not having race
and colour as criteria of admis-
sion to schools meant.

A senior NP member today
described the differences bet-
ween the two motions as “only
technical...(but) in essence the-
re is absolutely no difference”.

The voteis seen to reflect rat-
her a fine nuance of approach
to reform between different
groupings within the NP.

76

NAMIBIA



The National Religious Affairs Office, in a communique made public last
Tuesday, condemned the actions initiated by these individuals and reiterated
the policy established by the Angolan government, which confers full freedom
upon each citizen to profess any religion, provided that freedom does not
serve as a pretext for infringing upon or challenging the laws of the Angolan
state.

High-level advisers and representatives of the Tocoist religious sect also
participated in the press conferences.

Government Issues Communique
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 17 Feb 87 p 1

[Text] The National Religious Affairs Office, ina communique which has been
made public, listed a series of illicit activities pursued since 1984 by the
so-called Tocoist Church, and on the other hand, again set forth the position
established by the government of the People's Republic of Angola, which
confers on the individual citizen full freedom to profess any religious
belief, with the reservation, however, that “this freedom may not serve as a
pretext for infringement upon or a challenge of the. laws of the Angolan
state."

The following is the text of the statement received by our editorial office
yesterday.

"Communique:

The National Religious Affairs Office is taking this means of making the
following known to all the people:

1. Since the death of its spiritual leader, Simao Toco, in 1984, the Church
of Our Lord Jesus Christ in the World, a religious sect better known as the
Tocoist Church, has passed through a rather confused period, with the
development of internal clashes among various groups on the succession issue.

2. At the end of last year, some disturbances caused by these individuals
were reported in the region of Catete, province of Bengo, and in Luanda.
Because these incidents created disturbances of the public order, they caused
the death of several citizens and the forces of law and order had to
intervene. Some of the individuals involved were arrested so that the
necessary investigations could be pursued.

3. Following these events, a group of these religious individuals, some of
them armed, was seen on the morning of the 15th of this month to be proceeding
toward the penal establishment in which their fellow church members are still
being held, and despite efforts of all sorts to dissuade them, an exchange of
shots occurred, again producing a number of victims, including three
policemen, who were killed.

4, .The National Religious Affairs Office reiterates the position defined by
the government of the People's Republic of Angola on this occasion, which



MOZAMBIQUE

FRG FINANCES VEHICLE REHABILITATION WAREHOUSE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Mar 87 p 3

[Text] Last February, the Mozambique Commercial Warehouse initiated a program
to rehabilitate the fleet of Mercedes-Benz trucks and wagons in Maputo, Gaza,
and Inhambane Provinces. The program has been financed by the government of
the Federal Republic of Germany, having been estimated at nearly 10.5 million
marks, to be used to import spare parts and various equipment to provide the
shop with better conditions for the execution of this program, scheduled for
2 years.

According to the director of the Mozambique Commercial Warehouse, engineer
Manuel Jose, the rehabilitation program under way is an integral part of a
project to recover the Mercedes-Benz and Volkswagen fleet, and the Bosch
equipment, originating in the FRG, for which total financing of 20 million
marks, over a period of 50 years, has been made available.

Manuel Jose also said that the program resulted from the need to find a solution
to the problems existing in the area for spare parts, which has led to the
immobilization of many vehicles, for the lack of parts.

With the equipment received that. has been covered by this financing, the
Commercial Warehouse has been given the capacity to do all the work to repair
and recover vehicle bodies. Engineer Manuel Jose remarked: "This activity is
very important, because many of those machines make it possible to make repairs
and recoveries of used parts which, after they have been properly worked on,
can again be installed in the vehicles, avoiding replacement with new ones."

The Mozambique Commercial Warehouse is engaged mainly in the import, distribu-
tion, and sale of vehicles, agricultural machinery, equipment ‘for earth removal,
and pump and engine sets for irrigation. Another important activity of the
enterprise relates to the technical assistance for the brands for which it is
responsible, rendered directly in its shops.

It has branches in Maputo, Beira, Quelimane, Nampula, Tete, Chimoio, and Pemba;
the latter having been formed in October of last year. Preliminary work is
under way to create a branch in Chokwe, aimed primarily at giving assistance
to agricultural equipment.

51



Changanine in Gaza Province Recovering From Bandit Activities
(NOTICIAS, 21 Mar 87) ..cceeeecccccccccenesccsessceesevee

58,000 Liberated From Bandits in Sofala
(Joel Jaime; NOTICIAS, 20 Mar 87) .-.ssseeeeeseeceescecees

USSR Well-Drilling Project Benefits 200,000 in Gaza
(NOTICIAS, 26 Mar 87) .escceccccceccccceerseucveccceereces

FRG Finances Vehicle Rehabilitation Warehouse
(NOTICIAS, 25 Mar 87) cescevcccrccceccensccecsrscccccscres

Lack of Transport Hampers Vilanculo Marketing
(NOTICIAS, 25 Mar 87) .ccsccccccceccccccensececccsveeecees

New Appointments in Civil Aviation Announced
(NOTICIAS, 3 Mar 87) ccccccceecsseeececcececceeeereeeeeees

Training Courses in Various Trades Completed
(NOTICIAS, 9 Apr 87) cesccecccceeescsseccncescerececsreece

Minister Explains Economic Recovery Plan at Inhambane Seminar
(NOTICIAS, 23 Mar 87) .csceeecccsceeccecceccreccsscrescees

Economic Recovery Plan Explained to Salaried Workers
(NOTICIAS, 4 Mar 87) ccscccccccceecscecssccnecesccesececes

DPRK Transport Minister Visits Macaretane Dam
(NOTICIAS, 23 Mar 87) .sceceesccccceeccecncccecsscercscces

SUD Project to Harness Wind, Solar Energy Underway
(NOTICIAS, 4 Mar 87) cccccceeccccecsccecsccceccssescserces

Briefs
Minister Explains PRE in Gaza
New Sofala Provincial Directors
Nampula Party Structure Remodeled
Peanuts for Famine Victims
EEC Financing for Nacala Railway
Dutch Religious Group Sends Aid
DPPCCN To Open Drought Study Office

NAMIBIA

Namibianization Seen as Effort To Gain Greater Benefits
(Dianna Games; BUSINESS DAY, 5 Mar 87) ..

Pienaar Speech Exposes Differences With South Africa
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 2 Mar Cy) ee

Nonracial Municipal Elections Seen Possible by March 1988
(Jim Freeman; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 20 Mar 87) ...eeeee

sen

4h

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75


MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

MINISTER EXPLAINS PRE IN GAZA--The minister of trade, Aranda da Silva, has been
in Gaza Province since Friday morning for a check and.an explanation of the
problems with the implementation of the Economic Recovery Program [PRE] in that
province. Aranda da Silva, who on Friday directed a first meeting. with the
Provincial Government on the PRE, is accompanied by Francisco Caravela, state
secretary of light and food industry, and by a member of the Labor Ministry.
The trade minister also met with the province's governor, Francisco Pateguana.
Planned for Saturday is a second meeting on the PRE with members of the Provin-
cial Government, producers, and merchants, as well as visits to certain produc-
tion units located in the town of Xai-Xai. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese
23 Mar 87 p 3] 2909

NEW SOFALA PROVINCIAL DIRECTORS--The governor of Sofala Province, Francisco
Masquil, declared that, to wage war, there must be economy, and this can only
be achieved with peace, an essential premise for the country's development,
because the two areas are sides of the same coin. Francisco Masquil made this
statement a few days ago while talking to the heads of the various sectors of
the province's economic area, during the swearing-in ceremony for five new
provincial directors, the editor of DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, and the manager of
the Bank of Mozambique, in the city of Beira. On that occasion, the Sofala
governor again recommended that all the provincial officials continue to, expend
efforts aimed at guaranteeing total fulfillment of the measures stipulated in
the Economic Recovery Program, through organization, training, and reinforce-
ment of the structures created; because, as he claimed, it is impossible to
wage war without producing. Francisco Masquil cited the need to ensure stabi-
lity and calmness, by intensifying the action to combat the armed bandits;
which is a noble mission that must be carried out with priority and with the
involvement ‘of everyone. Addressing the sworn-in officials, namely, the
provincial directors of security, industry and energy, trade, construction and
water, and information, the editor of DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, and the manager

of the Bank of Mozambique in the city of Beira, who are, respectively, Manuel
Chitupila, Fernando Naftal, Victor Zacarias, Inocente Vembane, Simiao Cacha-
bamba, and Armindo Monteiro, Governor Francisco Masquil. said that he was
confident that good results would be achieved in the governing of Sofala
Province, which is strategic for the development of Southern Africa. Francis-
co Masquil remarked in‘conclusion: "You must demand dedication, aggressiveness,
the spirit of counting on one's own forces, and the proper use of the available

68



MADAGASCAR

REACTION TO VITM PROGRAM
VITM President Discusses Program
Antananarivo MADAGASCAR MATIN in French 3 Mar 87 pp 1, 6

[Text] The beginning of the festivities and work of the Fourth National Coun-
cil of the Vonjy Iray Tsy Mivaky Revolutionary Party (VITM) was marked by a
highly applauded speech by Dr Razanabahiny Marojama, national president of the
group. He was accompanied by Minister Sambson Gilbert, Deputy Odon Rafenoa~
risoa and members of the party leadership on the occasion celebrating the 14th
anniversary of 28 February 1973, when the VITM was founded. Mrs Andrianaivo
Monique was also present among the leaders on Saturday morning.

In his opening address, Razanabahiny endeavored to "orient positions in the
light of analyses of the evolution of the economic and political situation
during the 14 years" of the organization's life. "A responsible organization
must not remain silent," he said, "and thus become an accomplice of the nega-
tive factors that might maintain a situation of national regression." Our
credibility in the world depends upon it.

"Tt was in keeping with this idea" that the National Council assembled in
Antananarivo, gathering together over 400 delegations from 110 fivondronana
[villages]. During their committee work, leaders had to respond to national
concerns "in order that we might have a better understanding on which to base
the work of building the future of our country over the next 10 years," he
said. The essential question before party leaders 12 years after the euphoria
of 21 December 1975 was: "Where are we now?" in order to "have an idea of
the results obtained and see whether they have been a failure or a success."
After such a long period, one must be able to "make a valid judgment on the
negative or positive effects of the interaction of the decisive factors
determining the success of the revolution.”

Following Deputy Odon Rafenoarisoa, delegates from the groups affiliated with
the Vonjy also spoke. The national president of the VITM then proceeded to
give an overall view of our national situation through an analysis of the
organization. He recognized that "the reforms have partly succeeded in
checking all manner of difficulties. In addition, inflation has been slowed
down and the budget deficit reduced."

23



MOZAMBIQUE

SUD PROJECT TO HARNESS wIND, SOLAR ENERGY UNDERWAY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Mar 87 p.2

[Text] An experimental center for the integrated system in the utilization of.
Tenewable energy is in an advanced stage of construction at the Central School
of the OTM |Mozambican Workers’ Organization] in Matola. As stipulated in the
protocol signed between the OTM, the Mozambic Electric Power Company [ELECTRO-
Moc] and Project SUD (Italian Labor Institute of International Cooperation) ,
the purpose of the center is to demonstrate the modest technolopy, needed for
application in rural areas for the captation of water and the production of
solar energy. In addition, there is a data bank on energy resources and on
the technologies to be applied, also as part of Project SUD.

According, to Roberto Rico, coordinator of the project on the Italian side,
construction of the center began in earnest 2 months ago and should be com~

pleted by the end of this month. ‘The work began With a study of the area and
the drilling of wells where the pump for the captation of water and the genera~

tor are to be installed, using the wind and the power generated by the sun.

in effect, the installation of the pump is almost completed; at this time, the
pipes are being laid to channel the water to the storage tanks and then to the
taps. This work of Layiny pipe is being executed by workers of the IDIC
(Institute for the Development of Local Industry].

Data supplied to NOTICIAS by the project coordinator indicate that the recently-
installed pump will be wind-driven at a speei of 1 meter per second, to bring

up water from a depth of 80 meters. According to the coordinator, the two

water towers will each hold 20 cubic meters. He said the wells, already drilled,
are at depths of from 28 to 30 meters.

To mount the solar-powered generator, the preliminary work is now underway to
build the housing where the equipment to measure wind velocity and solar

intensity will be installed.

In addition to the generator, a photovoltaic panel will be mounted, as well as
other instruments to enable it to function better. Roberto Ricco added that
“an electronic system will be installed to regulate the charge and discharye of
the electric storage batteries.

66


virtually non-existent in Inhambane Province; something that ‘has been causing
unbridled speculation on the market.

Also in this connection, it was recommended that the Inhambane Provincial
Government should study mechanisms and measures aimed at preventing the very
high prices charged, with the excuse that the items are decontrolled.

In fact, the vice minister of agriculture, Alexandre Jose Zandamela, explained
that the measures to be studied should not interfere with the goals of "decon-
trolling prices," intended to give the producer an incentive. "It is, indeed,
necessary for us to find measures that will force the middlemen to reverse
their position."

The marketing of the peasants' surplus production was another topic widely
debated at the plenary session, with the conclusion that the greatest problem
lies in the lack of commodities to give incentives to producers who, faced
with this situation, choose to sell their surpluses in the parallel circuits,
thereby causing difficulties for the supply to cities and other urban centers.

Current Situation in Inhambane

The current situation in Inhambane Province is typified by serious food shortages;
a problem caused by the effects of the drought and the armed bandits. This
situation is aggravated by the fact that the agriculture in this province is
carried out basically in family patterns, without any type of mechanization.

In this regard, during the seminar, Governor Pascoal Zandamela remarked that a
vast program is under way to install irrigation in various regions of the
province.

At the present time, it is estimated that there are 350 hectares of irrigated
area and, by the end of this year, the program calls for their expansion to an
area of at least 780 hectares, according to calculations already approved
locally.

To ensure the success of this program, the State Hydraulic Secretariat has been
providing it with greater assistance, prominent among which is the recent visit
to Inhambane by the head of that sector.

However, Pascoal Zandamela noted that, in the current agricultural campaign, of
the 200 hectares of corn planted at the Inhassune-Ramalhusca Enterprise, nearly
half are in danger of being lost for lack of irrigation. This fact, among
others, shows how serious .the problems faced by Inhambane in the area of
irrigation are. : ”

Concurrently with the program to install irrigation, the province has started
a vast program to acquire pumps and engines; and it has already succeeded in
acquiring a total of 40 units, which will be sold to the agricultural and
livestock producers.

59



AHWOI ON DEBT TERMS, STUDENT ROLES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 8 Apr 87 pp 1, 5

[Article by Faustina Ashirifie]

[Text]

MR Kwamena Abwoi.
acting Secretary fc
Foreign Affairs, has
urged students to sup-
port the move by
debtor-developing
countries to demand
favourable conditions
for the payment of
debts they owe donor
countries and institu-
tions.

He said. instead of at-
cusing governments for
taking loans from the
World Bank. they should
crit ly analyse the
economic cong
their respective coun-
tries. This will prove to
them that there is no op-
tion,

Mr Ahwoi. who is also
the Co-ordinator. Inve-
stigations and Office of
Revenue Commissioners
was talking to a three-
member delegation of the
International Union of
Students (IUS) based in
Prague. Czechostovakia
when it called on him in
Acera yesterday.

19274
CSO: 3400/594

‘The delegation isin the
country to exchange
‘views with the All Africa”
Students Union (AASU).

He further. suggested
that students can act as
watch-dogs of their var-
ious economies and mo-
r how governments
utilise the loans they re-
veive from the World
Bank. adding that in
doing so. if the govern-
ments are criticised, they

should’ accept them in
ood faith. oor

Mr Ahwoi noted that in
view recognition of
the ‘ole students play in
the country, the overn-
ment encourages their ac-
tivities both at the local
and {international levels.

He pointed out that the
PNDC has the largest
number of student acti-
vists than any other Gor
vernment has ever hi

On the education re-
forms, Mr Ahwoi reiterat-
ed that they are meant to
make education available
to more people to enable
majority of Ghanaians to

enjoy it as a right.
He therefore, asked
Ghanaian students to
discuss the education re-
‘orms in relation to avail-
tble resources and not to
srotest against it under the
pretext that the new sy-
gem is a World Bank pac-
“With regard to the
struggle of the peoples of
South Africa and Namibi:

the acting Foreign Secre-.

tary expressed Ghana's
commitment to the strug-
gleand said the students
have been playing an im-
portant role in the impe-
rialist struggle.

The leader of the dele-
gation. Mr Giorgos Mi-
chaelides. - Secretary-
General of the [US called
on students all over the
world to try and influence
public opinion in the Unit-
ed States about the Nami-
bian and South African.

struggles by protesting:

more seriously.

He advised student mo-
vements to look at inter-
national issues from the

16

GHANA

right perspective and mo-
bilise their members to
rotest against the
ions of dollars used for
strategic defence initiati-
ve (Star Wars) instead of
using them to help the
poor nations of the
world.

Mr Michaelides stated
that the practical’ way
through which students
can contribute to the de-
velopment of their coun-
taking.up re-
sponsi in the so-
ciety. adding that they
should be expected to give
of their best.

‘The major emphasis. he
said, should be put on the
new type of relations het-
ween nations so as to ens-
ure that no nation interfe-
res,with the affairs of oth-
ers in respect of security.

The IUS Secretary-
General therefore called on
students to re-direct their
aspirations from shouting
sjogans and to take pra
cal steps which will
in the total development of.

World counties.



The Nutritional Rehabilitation Center in Manjacaze was created in February 1984,
intended to cure’the weakness of children orphaned and recovered from the

areas striken by the war in the district, as well as those from various parts
of Chibuto.

At present, the Nutritional Rehabilitation Center has 36 children recovering
from malnutrition, who are waiting for their incorporation soon into the
respective families. Another 20, of school age, for whom the center is respon-
sible, have already been enrolled in their schools, in the district headquarters,
as Benvinda Bila explained.

She added that, since its creation, the center has succeeded in curing nearly
800 children with malnutrition from various parts of the districts of Manjacaze
and Chibuto.

2909
cso: 3442/140

33



MOZAMBIQUE

LACK OF TRANSPORT HAMPERS VILANCULO MARKETING
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Mar 87 p 3

[Text] The district of Vilanculo, in Inhambane Province, may double its cashew
nut marketing goal during this campaign, as our correspondent learned from the
local wholesale enterprise. To date, 130 tons of that product have been market-
ed in that district, 100 of which had been set as an overall goal for the area.
However, the shortage of incentive items for barter is currently the main problem
with which the mairketing campaign is grappling in that northern section of
Inhambane Province.

According to Suleimane Issufo, representative of the Vilanculo district ware-

house facility, this. success could be even greater were it not for the serious
- difficulties that have arisen, particularly with regard to the meager amount of

products most sought by the peasants in connection with the bartering for nuts.

In this regard, the subject of our interview reported that, since the current
harvest began in that district, in mid-November of last year, they have not
yet received a single product or item of prime necessity to be used for cashew
nut marketing.

He claims that, as an expedient, in cooperation with the local politico-
administrative agencies, they have been diverting the normal quota of supplies
for the population, in the form of items of prime necessity, to ensure that
the campaign will take place in the best possible manner.

Also, in the search for solutions to the same problem, Suleimane Issufo said
that some items produced locally. are being placed in the barter process, such
as salt and dried fish, which have had a good reception on the part of the

population from the interior section of that district of northern Inhambane.

However, he noted that, from the start of the campaign until the present, he
has received various goods (not counting soap, oil, and foodstuffs of all kinds)
with a total value estimated at nearly 500 contos.

He explained that it was due to problems associated with the small volume of
incentive products that, in the current harvest, they have been forced to
establish a system with only 10 intermediaries, compared toa total of 20 who
operated during the 1985-86 campaign.

53



CIVIL DEFENCE CELEBRATES NATIONAL AWARENESS DAY

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 9 Apr 87 pp 1, 8

[Text]

THE Civil Defence Or-
ganisation (CDO) ye-
sterday observed a
nation-wide Awareness
Day.

‘The day was to expose
the public to the role and
activities of the CDO and
to correct any negative
impression the public has
on the organisation.

Various activities and
functions were undertaken
to mark the day in various
parts of the country.

Speaking at one of such
functions in Accra, Mr
George Quaynor-Mettle,
Under Secretary for the
Greater Accra Region,
advised the public to re-
frain from using personnel
of the People’s Militia to
settle personal scores, re-
ports Abigail Bonsu.

He said the public
should rather co-operate
with the militia in the
discharge of its duties.

He said that the militia
was established to protect
every Ghanaian and to
ensure that social justice

prevails.

“It will therefore be
against the very objective
for which it has been esta-
blished if the milit i
volved in setthng personal
‘scores and used to perpe-
trate acts of injustice,” he
pointed out.

‘He explained that one of
the main objectives for the
establishment of the CDO,
of which the militia is an
integral part, is to provide
a common platform for a
meaningful and purposeful
interaction between the

security agencies, the mili-
tia and the civilian popu-
lation.

This, he said, is to pro-
mote mutual trust, confi-
dence and co-operation
necessary for stability,
peace and progress.

The Under Secretary
said for the militia to be
able to achieve that objec-
tive, it is imperative that
personnel recruited into it,

screened and.

ities reviewed
from time to time to ensure
a high sense of discipline
and commitment.

Much as Mr Quaynor-
Mettle commended the
useful contribution the
militia has made towards
checking dissident. and
smuggling activities and
the execution of develop-
ment projects, he express-
ed concern about the acti-
vities of sorne militia per-
sonnel which are disgust-
ing to the public and make
it resent the organisation.

He said some militiamen
use weapons to terrorise:
the people and collaborate
with bandits to rob the
people instead of protect-

ing them. ;
‘He urged the leadership

.of the CDO to continue to

deal swiftly and drastically”
with such personnel.
whenever they are identi-
fied.

“Mr Quaynor-Mettle
advised militiamen to
show love, humility and
firmness of purpose when
dealing with the public,

19

GHANA

adding that it is only when
they exhibit discipline and
efficiency that they would
be easily accepted by the
public. .

In his contribution, Mr
Yaw Akrasi-Sarpong, Se-
cretary at the Office of the
Chairman of Committee of
Secretaries said a revolu-
tion cannot be successfully
defended by the security
agencies alone, but by the
people as well.

He reiterated therefore
that it is important for the
People’s Militia to be or-
ganised in a manner that
will make the public accept,
and love it.

The Secretary pointed

offer supporting services,
the militia emerged out of.
a revolutionary process, a
situation which he stress-
ed, should constantly re-
mind them of their duties
to society.

He said whereas most
people, such as the farmers
of this country may not
have the chance to wear:
the militia uniform, they
have constantly defended
the economy of this nation
though they have enjoyed
little economic benefits
over the years.

He said it will be very
unjust therefore if the mi-
litia harasses such people
or instils such fear into
them as would make them:
keep silent in the face of
injustice.

In Kumasi, the CDO or.
ganised a clean-up exercise



NIGERIA

NLC CENTRAL COMMITTEE REJECTS MINIMUM WAGE AMENDMENT
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 2 Apr 87 p 16
[Article by Suleiman bangana]

[Text]

LABOUR leaders held
another round of nieeting on
Monday
unanimously resolved to re-
fect the recent amendment
tu the National Minimum
Wage Act.

The Central Working Com-
trittee (CWC) meeting called
by the Nigeria Labour Con-
gress (NLC) and attended by

19274

CSO: 3400/6002

In Lagos and-

presidents and general
secretaries of industrial unions

was also mandated by the’
“NLC to mobilise the workers

‘on the issue.

It was not immediately known
how the unions plan to mobilise
fhe workers but unconfirmed
reports said the unions were
educating workers in order to
mount mass opposition to the con-
troversial minimum wage act.

Minister of Employment,

Labour and Productivity,
Brigadier Ike Nwachukwu said
recently that the minimum wage
act was amended to enable
employers employ more
workers.
+ But the NLC has maintained
that “the 125 Naira minimum
wage of 1981 is not worth more
than 35 Naira SFEM rate.”

The congress further said that
the resent situation had created
an €-»10mic climate where the

wth cf nominal wages lag far.

hind t!:e growth of prices of the

basic necessities like food, hous-
ing and transport.

86

According to the congress, in
1981 when the minimum wage
was enacted, one Naira was
equivalent to 1.7680 dollars, and
£0.789 respectively.

The also said that the re-
cent amendment to the wage act
was canable of bringing about, a
‘60 Naira imposed minimum wage
by employers.

The labour leaders frowned at
the amendment to the wage act
because Minister of Labour did
not consult labour before abolish-
ing the wage act.

Last ‘veek, the labour minister
held .aeeting with represen-
tatives of labour over the issue
but the meeting ended in
deadiock as the lal leaders
were insisting that the amend-
ment be abrogated.



MOZAMBIQUE

JESUIT PRIEST RECOUNTS CAPTURE BY RENAMO, FORCED MARCH
Lisbon AFRICA HOJE in Portuguese Feb 87 pp 40-41

[Report on interview with Father Antonio Reis, former captive of Renamo, by
Joao Paulo Cotrim; date and place not specified; lines of poetry enclosed in
parentheses are from "Song of the Dry Land," by Francisco de Sousa Neves,
originally published in CALIBAN Nos 3-4, June 1972]

[Text] ("Vast, long, dry fields/And rough rocks in the night/The months run
past like the notes/Of a sidereal song of mourning.")

Father Antonio Reis, one of three members of the Jesuit community kidnapped by
Renamo on 8 November 1986, said: "We were living on the Angonia Plateau in
Tete Province in northwestern Mozambique. We were living in the district
administrative center, Ulongue (formerly Vila Coutinho), which had 20,000
inhabitants.

"There was never any talk of war in Tete Province. (Very little or nothing is
learned from the official media.) But the war in Tete has been going on for
20 years. It began with the war of liberation in 1967 and then continued with
Zimbabwe's war, which ended in 1980, when Renamo started up. That is a long
time not to know what it means to live in peace. It is a long time not to be
able to plan a trip in peace."

The one telling us in broken Portuguese about his adventure as a hostage is a
tired man. Ile is a’man who does not conceal the marks of suffering and who is
unable to forget the images of a land and people shattered by drought, famine,
and war. ‘Formerly secretary of the Diocese of Tete and pastor of its
cathedral, chief of the Jesuit missionaries and pastor of Ulongue, Father
Antonio Reis had cooperated in the growth of his community for 23 years and
was now witnessing its destruction. It was he who identified the Jesuits
murdered in October 1985. It was he who heard the news that other priests had
been kidnapped. And it was he who was now telling us stories of daily life in
wartime.

("The river dried up/The womb of the recently married woman dried up/The sun
stood still, the wind stood still/And so did movement on the roads.")

40



NAMIBIA

EFFORT MADE TO BREAK WHITE STRANGLEHOLD ON EDUCATION

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 24 Mar 87 p 1

[Text]

A NUMBER OF member parties of the
‘Transitional Government have intensified
their efforts to break the white strangle-
hold on Namibian education, following
the submission of the first report of the
Standing Committee on Fundamental

Rights yesterday.

The National . Assembly
unanimously approved an
amended report that proposed
the immediate scrapping of all
discriminatory measures in the

seducation ordinances of the
various representative
authorities.

In addition, the Cabinet!
would have the right of access"
to the Supreme Court to deter-
mine to what extent the legisla-
tion of the second-tier govern-
ments contravened the Bill of
Fundamental Rights.

Furious debate was sparked
in the House when the chair-
man of the committee, Mr
Hans-Erik Staby, proposed
that the education ordinances
of all second-tier authorities
should be repealed.

/9317
CSO: 3400/624

However, on review he pro-
posed that the Administration
for Whites and the Baster
Regering be requested to
amend their own legislation in
this regard.

During debate, the National
Party reiterated their view that
education was a constitutional
issue and as such should be
referred to the Constitutional
Council.

Finance Minister Dirk
Mudge retorted immediately
that while this might be so, dis-
crimination in the respective
representative education
departments remained a viola-
_tion of the TG’s human rights
charter.

81

Mr Mudgé called on all
member parties of the Transi-
tional Government to abide by
last year’s unanimous Cabinet
decision that neither race nor
colour should be entrance pre-
requisites for a child’s
schooling.

The report of the Standing
Committee on Fundamental
Rights followed a “Supreme
Court ruling last year that no
matter ‘whether legislation
contravened the provisions of
the Bill of Rights, if this was
promulgated before the TG
was inaugurated the Court was
unable to nullify it.

The laws in question had to
be referred to a permanent
standing committee as en-
visaged by the Transitional
Government's = empuwering
proclamation, Proclamation
RIO.

If this committee found the
legislation to be contrary tothe
human rights provisions of the
.Bill, then an alternative law
could be promulgated.

| A full bench of the Supreme
,Court ruled that it was only the
‘validity of laws passed by the
TG that could be legally
challenged. ‘



MOZAMBIQUE

MINISTER EXPLAINS ECONOMIC RECOVERY PLAN AT INHAMBANE SEMINAR
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 23 Mar 87 p 3

[Text] The need for gearing the Economic Recovery Program (PRE) which is..under ‘way
in the country to the real situation in each area was the reason prompting a
provincial seminar held recently in Inhambane. Lasting 5 days, the meeting was
directed by the member of the Politburo of the FRELIMO Party's Central Committee
and minister for state administration, Jose Oscar Monteiro, who headed a large
ministerial delegation.

The reorganization of certain socioeconomic sectors intervening directly in the
improvement of the local population's conditions, among other matters, was a
dominant theme in the debates. At the conclusion of the meeting's work, Minister
Oscar Monteiro remarked: "Despite so many difficulties, we have concluded that
there are moral conditions for the success of this important program."

While explaining to those present the creation of the PRE, the party's first
secretary and governor of Inhambane, Jose Pascoal Zandamela, claimed that the
serious socioeconomic problems besetting Mozambican society are on the agenda
of the Economic Rehabilitation Program, "which demands a total mobilization
of all the resources within our grasp."

In fact, Pascoal Zandamela gave an account of the current socioeconomic situa-
tion in Inhambane, typified by food shortages caused by the cyclical drought
and by the armed bandits operating in various regions of that province.

After a closed debate among study groups which lasted 3 consecutive days, the
plenary session was held, followed by a closing session, preceded by an. exhibi-
tion put on by various cultural groups by way of a celebration of the event.

During the plenary session debates, the general reorganization of the workers
aimed at reassigning the surplus labor was extensively debated. In fact,

it was unanimously considered essential to have the regulations for advance
payment upheld in their entirety, among other types of remuneration and allow-
ance subsidies to workers who have been reassignéd to other sectors at the
convenience of the service, except in instances of abandonment, or ‘expulsion

for various reason.

In the area of wages and prices, it was a common feeling among the participants
that there is every need to reactivate the commercial inspection that is

58



INFLATION INCREASES AGAIN IN FEBRUARY AFTER DROP

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 27 Mar 87 p 3

[Text]

19317
cso: 3400/624

Namibia’s yo-yoing inflation rate increased in Febru-
ary after a sharp drop the previous month.

A statistical news release by
the Department ‘of Govern-

‘mental Affairs said the rate of -

inflation had been pegged at
11,6% in February, up 0,7%
from the level the month
before. :

Inflation in Namibia
dropped from 13,4% at the end
of 1986 to 10,9% in the first
month of the new year.

The Department added that
the inflation rates reflected in
its tables were calculated as the
percentage increase of the

Consumer Price Index for all ,

items for a given month in rela-
tion to the Same month a year
earlier. . :

» This figure represented the

' most recent practical figure for

most applications but was sub-
ject to random variations.

The 11,6% February ‘rate
was the second lowest for the
month so far this decade. A
high of 15,2% was recorded in
1980.

The news release added that
the CPI for February this year
was 220,5 compared to 197,62
year ago.

The CPI for food only was
255,1 compared to 249,5 in
January and 212,2 a year ago.

The February 1987 level was
the highest ever. .

82

NAMIBIA



ame unanimity when these matters are debated in the National People's Assem-
bly? Do certain parties belonging to the Front play the game differently
when on a different field? And why wait 12 years to notice that Boky Mena
(Red Book] and Lalam panorenana (constitution) are two somewhat discordant
scores? There are countless questions whose answers might be both simple and
complicated, but let us not dwell on them.

If participants in this National Council found in the speeches "that a glimmer
of hope will appear when the motions passed are published, one must understand
that even in the midst of the anguish, we must not lose hope because "the
sweetest meat is next to the bone." Those blissful souls who play their hand
so optimistically do not intend to be lured or lulled by fine words and fancy
promises, whatever the source. They are used to hearing the siren's song.

In all sincerity, these officials elected by the people withstood their test
during the wrenching times of the difficult votes and choices in Tsimbazaza.

As for the application or implementation of the most generous or most radical
ideas, all those who have ears to hear what has been said, repeated and pro-
claimed at the Antanimena Falda at the beginning and close of the work of
the Vonjy National Council expect accomplishments or changes. Jokers beware!
The verdict of the voters is final, even if it is true that there are those
who sometimes resort to fraud.

Most of our fellow countrymen did not wait until the end of February to be
convinced that the "policy of the belly" is vital to them! Never mind the
right-minded persons who find this kind of ideology to be related to a lower
form of political awareness. Whatever one might think and even if it has been
proved that it is not always true, the ground floor also has its attractions, |
which the man falling from the penthouse can appreciate, albeit much too late.

As the elections approach, one must not forget that everyone is attractive and
everyone is nice, but we must remember above all, since the date of 25 December
1975, who did what and who did not! No need to go any further. One has but
review one's memories to find each of those personalities who, suddenly

cured of their insomnia, know how to touch our sensitivities on development
with a capital "D" and prosperity with a capital "P". We would so like to
believe the prescriptions of those miracle healers, but they must first have
the courage to undress! And while they undress? We would like a closer look
because "the best joke in the world" is to "tell the truth."

Program Criticized as Confused
Antananarivo MADAGASCAR MATIN in French 9 Mar 87 p 6
[Article by J. Rakotonirina: "Deja Vu"]
[Text] The Vonjy Iray Tsy Mivaky (VITM) recently held its National Council in
Antananarivo, an assembly which, whatever the substance, had the merit of
reviving political debate and providing certain clarifications and additional

information on the current situation, which has been made confusing by the
events of recent weeks.

27



Tando-Zinze, respectively. In turn, Gervasio Antonio was installed as Cacongo
municipal representative for sports, and Victor Mabiala was installed as
social affairs representative for the same municipality.

Twelve people's advisors were also installed in their posts, where they will
work with the Cabinda District Court.

AAEM Assembly

The first special session of the Secondary School Students' Association (AAEM)
in this province, which was held in Cabinda recently, completed its work with
the election of the members of the secretariats at the technical schools for
health and basic normal training.

The participants in the session, at which the president of the provincial
council of that youth organization, Joao Baptista Muel, presided, recommended
a study of the organization and cadre-training documents of the intermediary
and base-level structures which have now been created, as well as their
mobilization for the process of technical-vocational consciousness raising.

Intensification of consciousness-raising work with the students, evaluation
visits and control of the operation of these structures, as well as active and
conscious participation in the tasks of the revolution were also recommended
in the conclusions of the gathering.

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CSO: 3442/128



in the morning--sometime between 0630 hours and 0800 hours. The march would
last 7 or 8 hours, and finally we would get something to eat--if there was
food for the commanders. The inhabitants got along on mush, plants, and
roots. Sometimes they butchered four or five head of captured livestock and
distributed the meat to the inhabitants. A very close guard was mounted at
night, deployed in a circle so that there would be no attacks. During the
march, I was afraid of absolutely nothing. They were carrying an antiaircraft
gun which they would set up!

"During the last stage of our march, we had to climb and descend two 1,500-
meter mountains. We were exhausted. And the inhabitants were carrying from
20 to 30 kilograms of captured weapons and food on their heads. Many people
fell, especially as we were coming down the mountains. After traveling for 9
days, we reached the base at Cazula in the very heart of the province.

“While waiting to be freed, we had access to everything. And they even called
us over 'to see the arms South Africa sent us!' -The weapons they use are
similar to those used by FRELIMO. They say that their supplier is FRELIMO.

“As a military body, they are highly organized, with very strict discipline
and very strong respect for the hierarchy, in keeping with their traditional
customs (for example, a soldier salutes at a distance of 10 meters from an
officer and requests permission to approach, then repeats the salute close up
and requests permission to speak. After speaking, he requests permission to
withdraw, and from a distance of 10 meters, he does it all over again--and
that goes on all day: to wash his hands, drink water, and so on!).

"Their services were organized: medical care (with three orderlies), supplies,
food, intelligence, and propaganda. They had an officer of the day, a
sergeant of the day, and a corporal of the day--all wearing armbands. And
they did a major job of counting heads in 1.5 days.

"Inside the base, they had a training camp with 100 Mozambican men and
instructors (all the soldiers I saw were Mozambican and black and had come
from the central'region). Renamo was managing to turn the peasants into
fearless guerrilla fighters with an impressive fondness for weapons. All the
young men were there to become guerrilla fighters or cadres. And frequently
they succeeded: after all, a military uniform!

“The base had a school. Literacy is the goal when one is not on duty, because
the war takes precedence over'school. For a few hours a day, they went on
parade. We could hear talking and singing, but we could not understand the
dialect. It was there, I believe, that they underwent mental conditioning.

"They never showed hostility, even if we expressed a different opinion. The
only rule was that we could not say anything good about FRELIMO. FRELIMO had
not a single virtue! 'A FRELIMO soldier who does not surrender is there to be
killed'--the thinking is still only in terms of war. If. the guerrilla
fighters have any views on political matters or in terms of the future, they
are not expressing them." .

1

42



ANGOLA

CABINDA PROVINCE ESTABLISHES WORK COMMISSIONS

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 17 Feb 87 p 3

[Text] Cabinda--The first special session of the Cabinda Provincial People's
Assembly held in this city Friday completed its work with the establishment of

its six work commissions.

The commissions appointed will deal with planning, finance, foreign trade,
banking and international cooperation; agriculture, fishing, domestic trade,
housing and tourism; urban development, housing, water, construction and self—
construction; and industry, transportation and communications, energy and oil,

Other commissions will deal with health, labor and social security; education,
culture, sports, social affairs and veterans; and justice, security, public
order, citizens claims and suggestions.

The 63 deputies who participated in the session at which Jorge Barros
Tchimpuati, a member of the CC of the MPLA-PT, presided, also approved the
program of activities to be pursued during this year, and they were informed
about the technical-economic plan for the 1987-88 2-year period.

Apart from the working sessions, the deputies participated in a training
seminar in which subjects connected with the activities of the deputies in
their working commissions were taken up, along with the basic legal
organizational form of the activities of the organs of the people's regime.

The regulations governing the working commissions, the guide for the sphere of
activities of these commissions, and direct contact with the workers were
other subjects with which the seminar also dealt.

Installation

Cabinda Provincial Commissioner Jorge Barros Tchimpuaty recently installed the
new provincial representatives of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat
of State for Urban Development, Housing and Water, Joao da Cruz Pitra and
Lourenco Vasconcelos, respectively.

On the same occasion, Jorge Tchimpuaty installed Paulo Rosa Antonio, Pedro
Ioba and Andre Manuel Tay as the communal commissioners of Inhuca, Malembo and



The administrator of "Doctors without Borders" noted that his staff is dis-
tributed over five provinces: three physicians are in Vilancula, while Nova
Mambone and Inhassoro districts have each been assigned a doctor and a nurse.
Physicians are sent to Mabote and Funhalouro districts one a month, for a stay
of 1 week.

"Je are now working with the Health Ministry, seeking to expand our activities
throughout Inhambane Province. At this time, we are waiting for the funding

to go forward with this project," he noted.

According to Herman de Schutter, two private French organizations are also
working in these zones of Inhambane Province; they are OHI and Bioforce, which
also conduct programs in various health fields.

6362
CSOs 3442/147

36



GHANA

JOINT COMMISSION FOR COOPERATION WITH NICARAGUA FORMED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 9 Apr 87 p 3

[Article by Faustina Ashirifie]
[vext]

GHANA and Nicaragua have agreed in
principle to establish a Permanent Joint
Commission for Co-operation in order
to strengthen the relations between
them.

Father Miguel d’Escoto, Foreign Minister
of Nicaragua, disclosed this to newsmen at
the Kotoka International Airport prior to
his departure to Benin after a four-day visit
to Ghana.

He said his country will explore ways and
means of co-operating with Ghana in the
fields of agriculture and textile manufactur-
ing.

Father d’Escoto told the press that in view of the

foreign exchange problems facing both countries.,

Nicaragua can also engage in a barter trade with Ghana
in the spirit of South-South co-operation.

He described his visit as extremely worthwhile and
said he was leaving with a happy feeling that Ghana's
revolution is an unquestionable and irreversible process.

He reiterated that the revolutionary process in Ghana
is not for Ghanaians alone but all the oppressed people
of the world. “A revolution is very hard but it ensures

19274
CSO: 3400/594

the greatest joy in the end”, he declared.

Father d’Escoto described his discussions with’
Chairman Rawlings and other government officials as
very fruitful and encouraging. .

Tn an interview. Miss Barbara Omier. Special Assi-
stant to Father d'Escoto and a member of the delega-
tion, urged Ghanaian women to join the CDRs to enable
‘them to participate more fully in defending the revolu-

ion.

She said women are teachers by nature and should
therefore help to remove ignorance from “our societies
by teaching the people to read and write”

In Nicaragua. before the overthrow of the Somoza
regime, Miss Omier said. women were isolated.

In the case of the black people of Nicaragua, she
hinted that the Somoza regime perpetuated racial
grepation to the extent that blacks were not allowed
several places in the country before the revolution.
‘The Sandinista Revolution has corrected thi imi.
nation.
ow women participate 100 per cent in military and
militia training and also in all aspects of the revolution.
We do everything with the men”. the Special Assistant
who is also with the Nicaraguan Mission at the U.N.
asserted.

Father d‘Escoto was seen off at the airport by Mr
Kwamena Ahwoi. acting Secretary for Foreign Affairs.

15



provides that every citizen enjoys the fullest freedom to profess any
religious belief dictated by his convictions. However, the freedom conferred
upon the citizen may not serve as a pretext for infringement or a challenge of
the laws of the Angolan state, and every attempt to disturb the public order
and tranquillity of our people will inevitably evoke the proper response from
the pertinent bodies.

5. The National Religious Affairs Office takes this opportunity to urge the
members of the party and the JMPLA-Party Youth, in particular, as well as the
Popular Vigilante Brigades, the mass and social organizations and the entirety
of the people in general to be on the alert for these demonstrations of an
extremist and divisive nature, so as to assist in their prompt exposure,

6. The National Religious Affairs Office issues an appeal to members of all
religious groups for the exercise of great vigilance, so that they cannot be
exploited, with religious beliefs as the pretext, to assist in the practice of
illegal activities serving the counterrevolutionaries and enemies of the
Angolan people. 4

7. The National Religious Affairs Office extends its most heartfelt
condolences to the grieving families.

Luanda, 16 February 1987, Year of the 10th Anniversary of the Party and the
Consolidation of the People's Regime.

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10



National Party Seeks Election After Defeat in Assembly
(Jean Sutherland; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 16 Mar 87) ...

Education Seen as Primary Issue for Whites
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, various dates) ..

Debate Over Admission Criteria, by Johann van Heerden
Test for Transitional Government

Effort Made To Break White Stranglehold on Education
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 24 Mar 87) ......-- ence eceeeeee

Inflation Increases Again in February After Drop
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 27 Mar 87) .cssecceseseccescces

Bali Announces Buhari, Idiagbon Not To Be Tried
(NEW NIGERIAN, 2 Apr 87) ..

Problems in Immigration Department Identified
(Abu Tapidi; NEW NIGERIAN, 1 Apr 87) ......+-

Momoh Defends Press Ban on Exchange Coverage
(NEW NIGERIAN, 4 Apr 87) ..

NLC Central Committee Rejects Minimum Wage Amendment
(Suleiman Dangana; NEW NIGERIAN, 2 Apr 87) ..

Poland Offers Scholarships, Educational Opportunities
(Daily Star, 1 Apr 87) ..cecce cece ee eeeeeeeeeeeee sev eeees

GDR Loan Slated for Education, Rural Electrification
(NEW NIGERIAN, 4 Apr 87) ..ccececeececececreveecseeeseves

Emergency Oil Loan Provided for Ecuador
(NEW NIGERIAN, 2 Apr 87) ...sseeeewseeeeee debe eee eeeeeeee

Cocoa Prices Boosted by Second Tier System
(BUSINESS TIMES, 6 Apr 87) w.cceeeeceeececeeeeceereeeeces

Fuel Scarcity Expected to Worsen
(NEW NIGERIAN, 2 Apr 87) ..ceeeeeeeeceeeeseceteeereeeeeee

Paper Critical of Government Wavering Over Petroleum Subsidy
(SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 29 Mar 87) ....-seeesesecereseseees

Industrial Unrest Looms Over Delta Steel
(Jackson Imafidon; BUSINESS TIMES, 6 Apr 87) ...-eeeeeees

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

93

94



How do you intend to reduce the rate of inflation?

The root cause of inflation, as the late Dr J.E. Holloway said in a letter
to THE STAR, is the legalised embezzlement of part of a nation's earnings

by a government, and as Henry Hazlitt of the U.S. wrote, it is a form of
taxation, "perhaps the worst possible form...tantamount to a flat sales tax
of the same percentage on all commodities." The Government and the monetary
authorities alone are responsible for the inflation. Inflation can be curbed
and reduced if the Government does not exceed the limits of its income from
taxes and loans. This has been amply demonstrated in the last few years in
many countries, such as West Germany, Japan, Taiwan and to a lesser extent
in the U.S. and Britain.

Are you satisfied with the distribution of wealth and land in South Africa
and what changes should be made, if any?

There has been a disproportionate increase in the wealth of a small number of
rich individuals in the last 10 years, at the cost of the white population as
awhole. In January 1979, THE STAR reported that the income of blacks had been
rising for the previous five years and that of the whites had been decreasing.
This is the result of the Government's deliberate policy of redistribution of
income and wealth. The upshot of this policy has been the increased spending
power of blacks which obviously benefitted the large corporations, enabling
Anglo American, Rembrandt, Old Mutual, and Sanlam [South Africa National Life
Assurance Company] to gain control of more than 80 percent of the Johannesburg
Stock Exchange. The extreme of wealth and poverty has been further accentuated
through this transfer of wealth and income. The causes of this process are
inflation and unjust taxation, which should be remedied.

How should the economy be stimulated?

Economic stimulation should be effected through a reduction in tax, a return to
honest money and great incentives for savings. The economic uncertainty caused
by inflation and the accompanying evil of rising prices has blunted all
incentives for saving, and the Government's extravagance has resulted in far
too high a tax on personal income, leaving no room for personal savings. There
is only one sure and permanent way to economic growth, and that is to stop

the policy of redistribution of income and wealth through inflation and over-
taxation of a part of the population by a Government which disregards the basic
economic laws and acts as though it is some sort of Father Christmas.

What are your views on the Government's decentralization policy, and the issue
of abolishing a minimum wage?

Decentralization should be promoted in a well-planned way, having regard to the
needs of the less developed areas and the type of development of which the
country is in need. Over-concentration of industrial activity in a confined
area leads to high cost of services, which have to be designed and provided
for peak periods. Labour movement to such areas leads to an over-supply

and consequently unfavourable conditions of employment and eventually to
chronic unemployment and social disruption. Minimum wages are necessary to
prevent undue exploitation especially as black labour in South Africa is in
over~supply.

106



‘MOZAMBIQUE

DPRK TRANSPORT MINISTER VISITS MACARETANE DAM
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 23 Mar 87 p 3

[Text] The Korean minister of transport and communications, Kim Yong-ch'ae,
visited the Macaretane dam, heart of the irrigation system in the Chokwe region
of Gaza.

The visit took place shortly after the Korean minister had inspected the rice
harvesting operations in the fields of the Lionde Seed Enterprise, on Saturday.

A spokesman for the seed company said that 1,500 hectares of rice had been
planted for the 1987 season, 279 of which were already harvested during the
first month of the rice harvesting campaign which began on 16 February.

Information disclosed by the Seed Enterprise indicates that-1,595,030 kilograms
of rice picked from the 279 hectares, with an average of 6.3 tons per hectare,
have already been stored.

After visiting the rice fields, the Korean minister visited the seed processing
center. There, Kim Yong-ch'ae received explanations from Gabriel Manhica,

head of that center, regarding the analysis, selection and treatment of rice,
80 percent of which is used for seed, 15 percent for consumption, and 5 percent
as waste.

As Gabriel Manhica remarked, the Lionde Seed Enterprise produces sufficient seed
to meet the needs of clients in Maputo, Inhambane, and Zambezia.

At the Macaretane dam, the Korean minister received an explanation of the
historic and economic significance of that undertaking.

With a length of 650 meters, and equipped with a highway. and rail traffic

system, the Macaretane dam also has 39 automatic water ‘wasteways, capable

of evacuating 4,000 cubic meters per second during the peak rain period.
/

2909 /

Cso: 3442/125

}

65



19274
cso:

3400/596

at the Maternal and Child

Health Centre (MCHC) as

part of activities to mark

the National Awareness

Day, reports’ Asiedu
larfo-

The CDO spent about
‘three hours cleaning the
precints of the centre. The
members cleared weeds,
scrubbed the floor and re-
moved cobwebs at the
Children’s Ward and bath-
rooms and desilted choked:
-gutteTs at the centre.

: After the exercise, W.0.I
Duah-Frimpong, District
Operational Assistant of
CDO in-charge of Kumasi.
District, said it is their
duty to ensure general
cleanliness and good
health of the people.

This, he said, would save
the government from

ling money on disease
that could be avoided
through clean environ-
ment.
soa Ma

In- of ie -
tre, Dr (Mrs) I. Des Bores,
‘commended the efforts of oft
the CDOs which, she said,
would create the a aware-
ness of workers at the cen-
tre to contribute their
quota to ensure proper sa-
nitation.

She appealed to other
organisations to emulate
their shining example to
ensure the welfare of the

In a similar exercise,
Dispensary Technician
Students of the Kumasi:
Polytechnic (STUDTAG)

spent three hours cleaning
the Children’s Hospital.

‘The students later pre-
sented a carton of milk and”
some fruits worth £7,000"
to the Kumasi Children's:
Home.

anrem, Bolgatanga

bdul Aziz reports that
wv 0. II Bob Atiah, Deputy
District Organising Assi-
stant of the CDO said that
the organisation is not an+
avenue for the acquisition:
of material wealth. ° _

He said the CDO aims at
developing 2 Inilitants who
are prepared to lay down
their lives in defence of the
nation.

W.O. II Atiah gave this
advice at a rally im Bolga-
tanga yesterday as part of
activities marking the Na-"
tional Awareness Day of
the CDO.

He said the CDO is a
disciplined organisation
but expressed regret that
discipline had not prevail-
ed among the members of
the District CDO because
they undertake unassigned
operations.

In this regard, he urged
both security agencies and.
members of the public to
expose such members by
demanding identification.
passes from them.

‘The members had earlier
in the morning undertaken
clean-up exercises around
the Bolgatanga Central
Hospital and went on a
route march the
principal streets in the
town.

20



ANGOLA

FAPLA OFFICERS PROMOTED IN HUAMBO, BENGUELA

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 17 Feb 87 p 3

[Text] Huambo--A number of members of the People's Armed Forces for the
Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) were promoted in this city Saturday. They were
advanced to higher rank as a result of the sacrifice demonstrated in the
execution of their tasks at a ceremony at which the president of the Regional
Council of the Fourth Region, Col Marques Monakapui (Bassovava), a member of
the Central Committee of the party.

Speaking at the ceremony, which was held in the Fourth Region command
premises, Colonel Bassovava said that "at the present time, the Angolan
revolution depends in part on the level of organization, the growth and the
tactical-operational development of the FAPLA in order to measure up to the
demands of the present phase in the popular democratic revolution.

"The commanders and political commissioners of the armed forces must ensure
the political and ideological maturity of the troops by engaging in profound
work with them, in view of the current demands," the president of the Fourth
Region added.

At the conclusion of the ceremony, which was also attended by the head of the
Chemical Defense Office of the General Staff, Maj Gen Ciel da Conceicao
(Gato), a number of captains were promoted to the rank of major.

Promotions in Benguela

Meanwhile, in Benguela, a number of Angolan Army officers were promoted
Saturday in a ceremony at which Maj Joao Lourenco, president of the Seventh
Region Military Council, presided.

At the ceremony, which took place in the auditorium of the Palace of the
People, the commander of the troops in the Seventh Region, Armando da Cruz
Neto, was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel, while the directors of
the Military Projects Construction Enterprise (ECOMIL) and the Commander
Benedito General Troop School, Filipe Berart and Antonio Mario Guimaraes,
respectively, were promoted to the rank of major.



more than "an appendage of the Executive Branch," when it should have played
the role of guide for the decentralized collectives and overseer for the Exe~
cutive Branch. In short, the VITM deems that the entire system must be
revised and corrected because, among other things, it believes that the
country has more need for a president-arbiter rather than a chief of state
who is at the same time head of the government, thus being both a "judge and
litigant." .

Madagascar needs remedies for its people and institutions. Who else needs to
say so when it:is a doctor called Razanabahiny Marojama who publicly states
it in unison with representatives of the rank-and-file cells of the VITM, the
bearers of the aspirations of the back country? There can be no further
doubt unless the patient is a candidate for suicide, which is surely not the
case.

Program Termed Unrealistic
Antananarivo MADAGASCAR MATIN in French 9 Mar 87 pp 1, 6

[Article by Ratiajerijery]

[Text] The Vonjy Iray Tsy Mivaky or "Vonjy" for short or even its initials,
the VITM. One may or may not like it, but it cannot leave one indifferent.
Nor is there any lack of detractors. It is said, for example, that the VITM
is not alien to the current situation of the blockage of the university. It
is even said that although one of the ideals of the party is to preserve na-
tional unity, its current political ploy borders on tribalism. Furthermore,
it is said that there is a great deal of demagogy and propaganda in the
statements of the VITM leaders.

Without going to such extremes and despite our articles early last week
reporting the work of the Vonjy National Council, we are now publishing --

a week later, following an indispensable lapse of time -- two articles to
show that indeed, one may not like the VITM, but also that the party sometimes
gives a feeling of deja vu (see the article by J. Rakotonirina on page 6).

Following the recent meeting of the National Council of the Vonjy Iray Tsy
Mivaky Party on the problems and proposals relative to the administration of
public affair, one had to expect it: The reactions were not long in merging
and they came from all factions. Some were enthusiastic, while the others
were frankly skeptical and some of them absolutely outrageous, not to mention
those that had to be put off until they could be put through the filters of
"analysis."

Once the initial shock had passed, neither the tone nor the commitment of the
group could prevent seasoned observers from reviewing the questions taken up,
lucidly and with their feet on the ground. The distance provided a kind of
delayed-action lucidity, especially since Razanabahiny's "credo" was not at
all exempt from a strong dose of propaganda, certainly due to the proximity of
the elections. On this point, no one was taken in. But all is fair in love
and war and let us therefore move on.

25



INDUSTRIAL UNREST LOOMS OVER DELTA STEEL

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 6 Apr 87 p 20

[Article by Jackson Imafidon]

[Text]

given

1927

cso:

NDUSTRIAL un-

rest looms’ over
Delta Steel
Company Limited
(DSC), Aladja, as the
21-day ultimatum
to the
management expires
next week. |

The Iron and Steel.
Workers Union of
Nigeria last week gave
the management of

Delta Steel the
ultimatum when
negotiations broke
down over energy
charges.

The general secre-
tary of the workers
union Mr. W.C.
Adenuga told the
Business Times that at
a meeting with the
Minister of Mines,

rb,
3400/600

Power and Steel, the
general manager of
DSC was asked to stop
further deduction of
workers’ salaries for
the settlement of.
National Electric
Power Authority
(NEPA) bills. He said
that the minister felt
that it was not the
business of the
management of DSC
to collect electricity
bills payments from
workerson behalf of
EPA.

Every junior worker
rv DSC pays a flat rate
o£ N10 per month
«respective of the
amount of power.con-
sumed.The workers are
asking the manage-

ment of DSC to altow
»ach worker to settle

his or her power con-
sumption bill as
recorded in the NEPA
metre installed in their
homes.

They stressed that it
is not. true that they
want to enjoy free
power consumption at
the financial expense
of DSC. Officials at the
Ministry of Employ-
ment, Labour and
Productivity, though
are not taking the
threat lightly, there
has not been any
former complaint
lodged with the
ministry by any of the
parties to the dispute. It
was the consensus at
the ministry that such
a minor issue should
not be allowed to

94

NIGERIA

cripple the operations
at the DSC.

There are about 7,000
junior workers at the steel
complex. It was not
possible to reach the Steel
Minister last week over
the issue, but officials see
the matter as being too
minor to warrant workers
threatening to down tools.
Meanwhile, the union
national secretariat while
waiting for'a stop to the
deductions, is’ also
expecting refund of earlier
deductions.

Mr. Adenuga said that
the union was very much
concerned with the
smooth running of the
company. He added that
the amount. in dispute
could be said to be smail,
but means a lot to a
minimum wage earner.



POLAND OFFERS SCHOLARSHIPS, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 1 Apr 87 p 9

[Text]

19274
CSO:

"THE Polish-Nig-nian co-ope-
ration’ in the field of
science and culture has 2 long
tradition.

3400/601

The Technical University or
‘Szezecin organizes every year
from January 5 ww Jun 308
post-graduate course in Town
and Regional Planning.

In both cases, English is the
language of instruction. The
Nigerian participants of both
courses can be granted Polish
scholarship sufficient to cover
the living expenses in Poland.

87

who want to study in Poland at
their own expense are also
welcome..

NIGERIA



At the ceremony, Maj Joao Lourenco spoke about the development seen in the
Angolan Armed Forces in the course of recent years, such as to make it a
strong army today capable of bravely and heroically defending the soil of the
fatherland and the territorial integrity of the nation.

The president of the Seventh Military Region said that greater
responsibilities fall to the officers promoted, because they head important
sectors in the armed branch of the people, for which reason the tasks they
carry out must always be oriented toward the satisfaction of the most
legitimate desires of the people.

The ceremony was attended by members of the executive commission of the party
provincial committee, representatives of the government, and also Army Cols
Paulo Miguel Junior and Agostinho Tchonhi (Mazembe).

5157
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PAPER CRITICAL OF GOVERNMENT WAVERING OVER PETROLEUM SUBSIDY

Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 29 Mar 87 p 3

[Text]

19274
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3460/601

WHAT exactly is the
Federal Government stand on
the complete removal of the
subsidy on  etroleum pro-
ducts? The question is perti-
nent in view of the discordant
tunes being heard from senior
government functionaries on
the issue.

The latest was from the
Qhief of General Staff, Rear
Admiral Augustus Aikhomu
last week, Monday, when he

told state house cor-
‘respondents that certainly

the government was yet to
take a final decision on the fur-
ther removal of subsidy on

leum products.
Earlier on, Friday,
27, to be precise,

Malam Yusuf Mamman,
Press Secretary to Rear Ad-
miral Aikhomu had told a
Guardian reporter that prices
of petroleum products ranging
from kerosine to diesel would
rise by 20 per cent in April.

By Malam Yusuf’s calcula-
tien the price of petrol would
be increased from 40 kobo per
litre to 48 while that of
kerosine would rise from 10.5
kobo to 12 kobo. _

President Ibrahim
Babangida, had also told the
Financial Times of London that
the government has decided to
phase out the subsidies and
various others to remove inef-
ficiency in the allocation of
resources. This he said was to
ensure that other social
economic and poiitical objec-
tives were not jeopardised

indiscriminate precipitate and
wholesale elimination of sub-

As ek is, we have not heard
the last word on this issue of
petroleum subsidy. Whatever,
however is certain is that
‘Nigerians are sure tired of the
discordant tunes being
‘played on the withdrawal of
petroleum subsidy. The
sooner the government states
its stand the better for ail.

One other thing that has
emerged from this issue is the
question of who speaks for
government. And this also
raised the question of coor-
dination between government
functionaries. A situation where
the left hand does not know
what the right is doing and
vice versa as this situation
portrays, at best shows
pitiable lack of cohesion which
itself does not augur well for
ine nauon.

However, when President
Babangida, first announced
the plan in 1987 budget speech

he might only have been flying:

a kite to gauge public reac-
tion. If that was so, it will have
been most proper if ail govern-
ment functionaries refrained
from expressing their opinion
‘or stating what they perceive

‘the government stand on it:
until it has received official
seal.

It might, however be that
the government has decided to
remrove the subsidy but is yet
fo work out the modalities, the

sooner_this is done the better.

93

NIGERIA



SOUTH AFRICA

INDABA SAID GAINING WIDE SPECTRUM OF SUPPORT
MB250522 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2253 GMT 24 Apr 87

[Text] Durban April 24 SAPA--Contrary to belief in some quarters, the Kwazulu/
Natal Indaba concept was gaining widespread support cutting across traditional
lines of party political thinking, Professor Desmond Clarence, Indaba chairman,
said in special letters posted to Natalians today. He said press reports may
have given the impression that most of the Indaba's support had come from the
ranks of the Progressive Federal Party or the New Republic Party. In fact,

tens of thousands of NP supporters support the Indaba proposals and believe that
they should be implemented. .

"Support on an equal scale is coming from a wide cross-section of the black
Indian and coloured communities. This breadth of support for the Indaba
proposals gives me renewed faith in the future of our province’ and indeed
in the future of our country," he said.

Prof Clarence said he wanted to stress that the Indaba's future was not an
issue which would be decided by the coming May 6 élection. The Indaba had
nothing to do with party politics, as it was a unique democratic solution
belonging to the people of Kwazulu/Natal, one which only they had the right

to accept or reject. "I believe it's something worthy of support, indeed

must ‘be supported, because nothing comparable has been achieved in South Africa,
or anywhere else in Africa before."

The government, Prof Clarence said, could implement ‘the proposals without ~
consulting the people of Natal. "But we will not be so arrogant as to wish
them forced on this region without asking the people affected. For this

reason, we intend persuading the government to hold a referendum," he said.

/8309
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SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY NOTES PROBLEMS IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
MB240638 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 24 Apr 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] Agriculture in South Africa, it has been said by numerous authorities,
has reached a crisis point. Certainly many factors, all of them disturbing,
combined to force the decision to reduce this year's producer price of maize
by some 10 percent. Symptomatic of the situation is the fact that the previous
price was almost double the price on world markets and the admission from the
maize board that consumer resistance domestically had already led to an alarm-
ing decline in demand for the staple foodstuff.

Indeed, the maize industry epitomizes the country's urgent need for a compre-
hensive strategy to ensure the survival of a stable and efficient agricultural
sector in the years to come. Profound structural changes in production,
marketing, and financing have become essential, was the sobering message earlier
this month from Mr Greyling Wentzel, minister of agriculture.

For the past few years the world has been increasingly over-supplied with highly
subsidized grain products mainly from the United States and Europe. For the
maize industry, in particular, says Mr Hennie de Jager, chairman of the maize
board, this and the threat of sanctions disrupting exports means that maize
production in South Africa must be scaled down. Augmenting the international
trends are the internal factors. Rises in farmers' input costs have consistent-
ly outstripped revenue. Recently a Volkskas report drew attention to the
difficulties created by the drought, high interest rates, inflation, lack of a
market orientation in the agricultural sector, and inadequate management
expertise among the farmers.

It is against this background that Mr Wentzel last year announced a governmental
investigation to establish a food strategy for South Africa. Agriculture has
always been regarded as a strategic industry dictating a need for self-
sufficiency as a prerequisite for a stable economic, political, and social order.
It is all the more so in the present international climate that a price premium
may have to be paid to maintain the situation is clear when it is considered
that present world grain prices are being artificially depressed--that the

South African climate is by no means ideal for all forms of agricultural
production and that production costs are further increased by farmers’ dependence
on other strategic industries for some of their requirements.

114



MOZAMBIQUE

ECONOMIC RECOVERY PLAN EXPLALNED ‘10 SALARLED WOKKERS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Mar 87 pl

[ext] Concluding, a series of articles presented here, we will take up the
topic of salaried workers who, although they are not the most numerous, are

nonetheless the most active politically and have a decisive role in the economic
recovery process.

Unlike the peasants, for whom the det erioration of living conditions is basic-
ally the result of the [bandit] destruction and the generalized shortage of
products, accompanied by a well-known decline in preductivity, among salaried
workers, the deterioration has to do with the devaluation of the metical and,
consequently, of their income.

This devaluation is more accentuated in the capital than in the rest. of the
country. In fact, in the city of Maputo, the consumer price index varied almost
300 percent from 1980 to 1985, whereas, fot the rest of the country, the varia-
tion was 150 percent. Bearing, in mind the evolution of the wage base, it can
be observed that real Wages fell to one-fourth of their former value in that
period, whereas, in the rest ot the country, they fell to [40 percent | of their
former value.

It may be asked: what is the reason for this deterioration? It is pussible to
pring about a speedy recovery ot the standard of livine?

The primary explanation for the deteriorating living standard is the decline in
production observed in almost all sectors of economic activity except fishing.

We need only mention some products for which we have data on the decline in
production since 1981. ‘huss 7
--Cotton production declined from 73,700 tons (1981) to 13,500 tons (1986) 5

~-Coal production dropped from 560,000 tons (1981) to 35,300 tons (1986) 3
--Cashew nut production dropped from 90,100 tons to 38,300 tons (1986) 3

--Port-railway shipping fell from 19.8 million tons (1977) to 4.9 million
tons (1986).

61



The speaker also told us that, when construction is completed at the center,
there are plans to lay a power line to supply electric power to the OTM

Central School. Our source noted that the generator will have a 400-kilowatt
capacity.

Under the terms of the protocol, in addition to the IDIC personnel already at
the site, employees of ELECTROMOC and the Mozambican Meteorological Service
will also be assigned to the project. The latter institution will be respon-
sible for training personnel to gather weather data and monitor the installed
equipment.

Importance of Center

Since many areas of our country lack the means to supply drinking water to ‘the
rural population, the center could serve as the pilot program for the supply
of water to the villagers by technologically simple means.

The project coordinator said that this experimental center could, in the near
future, be of service to all the interested institutions because of the

quality and economy of the installed technology.
Energy Data Bank

‘To carry out the various programs of Project SUD, there is a data bank for the
country’s energy resources. Its specific function is to process, verify and
publish all the data on energy resources and to train Mozambican cadres for

the sector.

According to Paolo Marello, director of the information unit of the bank,
the latter is served by a work force divided into six units. ‘The goal is to
put together a Mozambican technical team which will be responsible for.the data

system in the neax future.

Our informant added that the data collection will be conducted jointly by the
data bank and by the Mozambican institutions specializing in the area of data

collection.

Pavlo Marillo said further that agreements will be signed soon between the
bank, the Meteorological Service, the National Institute of Physical Planning
and the Institute of Agricultural Research, among other organs.

6362
C80: 3442/121

67



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

NEW PROVINCIAL OFFICIALS--Luena--Last weekend, Moxico Provincial Commissioner
Jaime Baptista Donge, a member of the Central Committee of the MPLA-Labor
Party, installed three new provincial officials appointed following a
reorganization of the provincial government in Luena. Bobo Balde, Daniel
Barnabe and Fernando Rosario were installed as provincial domestic trade
representative, provincial domestic transportation representative and
provincial planning office director, respectively. On this same occasion,
seven other public officials in the provincial commissariat were. also
installed in office during a ceremony attended by members of the party and the
government and commissariat employees. [Excerpt] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in
Portuguese 18 Feb 87 p 12] 5157

CSO: 3442/128

12



SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI READY FOR TALKS WITH NP, ANC
MB220736 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0731 GMT 22 Apr 87

[Text] Ulundi, April 22, SAPA--Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi said in Ulundi
yesterday he was ready right now to negotiate with the state president, the
African National Congress and others if only the government and the radical
revolutionaries would each leap a hurdle.

For the government, the hurdle was the National Party's own barrier to the
normalisation of South Africa as a modern Western-type democracy in which the
free enterprise system could come into its own.

Revolutionary radicals had to leap the barrier of open democratic competition
with every other democratic force in the country.

Chief Buthelezi said the National Party and the ANC's mission in exile shared
the same "terrible malady” of confusing the interests of the party with the
interests of the state.

The KwaZulu chief minister and Inkatha president reminded a group of Barclays
Bank executives, including its chairman, Mr Basis Mersov, and managing
director, Mr Chris Ball, of his appeals for the release of political prisoners
and of his standing invitation to meet the ANC's Mr Oliver Tambo anywhere

and at anytime. But he wanted negotiations, when they took place, to be
complete in their representation.

"T cannot now appease Mr P.W. Botha and leap into premature negotiations,"
he said. "Nor can I appease the ANC's mission in exile to do just that."

The chief appealed to banking, mining and commerce to take the same stance-—
not because he took it, but because all involved needed to.

Chief Buthelezi warned of a state of euphoria, evident in the media, in inter-
national relationships and among heads of governments, which had elevated the
politics of violence out of all proportion. This was generated by the assumption
that the ascendancy of violence in South Africa was a precursor to the downfall
of the government, he said.

/8309
CSO: 3400/636

95



YOUTH BRIGADE SUSPENDS OFFICIALS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 26 Mar 87 p 8

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/595

THE national executive
committee of the Afri-
can Youth Brigade
(AYB) has suspended’
indefinitely Mr Kwabla
Davor, national secre-
tary of the Brigade and
Mr Seidu Toure, direc-
tor of Ketu District Pa-
trol Unit for allegations
of various abuses of
power levelled against.
them.

A release issued by the
AYB national secretariat.
and signed by its national
president, Mr Eugene Am-
pene said the committee
decided to suspend Mr
Davor whom several char-
ges of financial abuse and
moral decay have been le-
velled against by various
branches of the Brigade of
which the committee is in-.
vestigating.

On Mr Toure, the relea-
se stated that 300 cadres
under his control preferred
various charges of finan-
cial abuse and incompe-
tence.

In the meantime. an In-
terim Management Com-
mittee (IMC) has been ap-
pointed to run the affairs,
of the Ketu District of the
Brigade with immediate
effect.

The members are Ma-
dam Auguster Mensah,
Leader/ Adviser, Mr Em-
manuel Kofi Kissi, Opera-
tional Commander and Mr
Nkansah Dwamena, Presi-
dent. _

The rest are Mr Chri-
stopher Akatsah, secre-
tary, Miss Elizabeth Boa
du, treasurer and Mis.
Florence Brako, member.

v7

GUANA



items were two wooden chairs made locally, a ladle, sieves, squash, and water-
melons.

The party's first secretary and governor of Gaza, Francisco Pareguane, lauded
the initiative of those villagers, in improving their living conditions by
relying on their own forces.

2909
CSO: 3442/125

46



FUEL SCARCITY EXPECTED TO WORSEN

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 2 Apr 87 pp 1, 3

[Text]

THE Chief of Depot of Nigerian
National Petroleum Corporation
(NNPC), Ilorin, Mr. A. 0.

lu, said in Dorin on Mon-
day, that fuel scarcity in the state
would get worse as was no

Briefing the acting state Gover-
nor, Wing Commander Em-
Edem:., at the Govern-
ment House, Mr. Uzowulu said the
scarcity had been traced to in-
adequate supply of imported
refined petroleum and damage to
i crude oil to
‘the , which, he
said, might soon close down.
He said ies of frel to sta-
tions in Hlorin was low but

tions did not sell all the fuel
flied them and advised securi
officials to keep all stations under
surveillance to prevent owners of
such stations from syphoning fuel
for sale at unauthorised

and at exorbitant rates.

’ Responding, acting Governor
Edem urged the depot to continue
monitoring supplies, adding that
the state government was ready
to assist in bringing the scarcity
toahalt.

Wing Commander Zdem, who
later visited a fuel station,
directed that no lies should
be given to the station until the
fault in one of its service points
had been rectified.

In another interview, an NNPC

Mr. Alex Nwokedi,
told NAN that fears of scarcity of
petroleum ‘products resultin;

from the shutdown of Wai
and the fault in the 110,000 BPSD
tae eat

‘ i anv
product scarcity?” he asked adding

that the fears were borne out of
speculations.
Mr. Nwokedi also quoted the

minister of Tesources
as saying a tour of th
Warri facility week that
repairs on the refinery would be

completed this month.

Oi industry sources had
ture in the Warri- craves
Pipeline which supplies crude to

as well as

its 50,000 BPSD lube section.
They also expressed the fear
that with the shutdown of Warri,
there might be scarcity of such:
necessary products as aestic
gas and dual purpose kerosene,

lot of problems especially in the
destruction of Troperty and
human lives in fire incidents.’
He said the selling of the pro-
ducts in drums and jerry cans

91

NIGERIA



Let us say rather that what these people so harshly tested are demanding is
truly radical material solutions, for they fear that with the approach of
elections, they may witness the usual "awakening" of political parties, with
all that entails in the way of verbal wars, election promises and enough
controversy to make one dizzy.

What we do expect, in fact, is that the VITM will not be the only political
party to try to wake up as the elections approach. There will certainly be
others and they will certainly all formulate criticisms that are supposed to
be objective.

We have no particular grudge against the VITM, which began the series of great
political events of this year 1987 with such remarks. We merely wish to draw
the attention of political leaders to the fact that henceforth, the people
will no longer be content with empty words and no concrete results, for in

27 years of independence, they have also learned to analyze and appreciate
situations.

If a political party wishes to stand apart from the others, it must therefore
demonstrate the rightness of its position, not just by criticism and other
objective analyses, but by concrete action and practices moving in the direc-
tion of the very logic of the position it has adopted. This is necessary so
that the party itself will not be condemned for opportunism and inconsistency.

11,464
CSO: 3419/132

29



RAWLINGS ON NEED FOR PRODUCTIVITY, WORK ETHIC

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 7 Apr 87 pp 1, 5

[Article by Breda Atta-Quayson]

[Text]

CHAIRMAN Jerry John Rawlings has
said that the nation can realise improve-
ment in the standard of living of the
working people, if only the old and -un-
productive ways of doing things are
abandoned. And in place new ways and
attitudes which are oriented to increased
production are developed.

He regretted that in both private and public sector
enterprises. there are still too many practices which are
simply incompatible with the creation of. the. right
economic and social atmosphere. for increased production
and productivity.

Chairman Rawlings was addressing the closing session
of.the third course in productivity improvement for the
Committees for the Defence of the Revolution (CDRs)
and: workers’ leaders at the Posts and Telecommunica-
tions Training School in Accra yesterday.

‘The Leader of the Revolution cited the example of a
factory in the country where the workers after initiating
an exercise to rehabilitate their broken-down machinery,
approached the management for funds to purchase raw
materials to increase production but were given a paltry
sum of Z2 million. -

At the same time, he said, a subsidiary of the company

was given 11 million to celebrate its silver jubilee.

Chairman Rawlings said there was no logic or justifi-
cation for such an action because even though the
potential was there for sustaining the sister company and
maki a viable venture without any immediate foreign
input, the lack of management ability to correctly
recognise and assist such positive initiative. led to the
closure of that company.

He told the participants that wastage. apathy and lack
of sense of duty are in fact some of the country's deeply
rooted national diseases, which the people always end up
paying dearly for.

Chairman Rawlings also
spoke ‘on the State Owned
Enterprises (SOEs) which
tends to reward
y and penalise
efforts and initiative.

He said this situation
has given rise to another

henomenon because it
has produced workers in
these enterprises who
know and demand privile-
ges, they normally call be-
nefits.

He said some of the

19274
CSO: 3460/596

workers are invariably
blind to the effect these
demands have on the state
enterprises and their con-
sequent damage to the na-
tional economy as a whole.

Chairman Rawlings
stated that, the prevailing
norms among the working
people have created a cer-
tain work culture, deeply.
rooted in unnecessary
wage and salary demands
without ensuring that a
balance is created between
such wage demands and
actual work output.

‘The Leader of the Revo-
lution further told .th
participants that. thi
the context within which
they must perceive the im-
portance of the series of
courses on productivity
improvement for the CDR
and workers’ leaders.

Chairman Rawlings said
the way to counter. these
tendencies lies in rejecting
certain prevailing assurap-
tions and replacing them
by some fresh thinking,
new lines of action.

“We need to consciously
shed the idea that no pro-
gress can be achieved in a
participatory framework,

we need to aim at creating”

a new economic system
that not only produces for
the mass of the people but
one in which, the mass of
the people are also the
Chairman Rawlings re-
minded them that the
main objectives of these
, e them ba-
sic tools and the analytical
ability that would enable
them to intervene mea-
ningfully and at the right

stimes in decisions that af-

fect the economy and to
create the right atmosphe-

13

GHANA

re, for working as a team.

He said at the work pla-
ce participation must as-
sist in creating structures:
from shop. floor level
through to'the Joint Con-
sultative Council (JCC)
level.

‘The Leader of the Revo-
lution said the producti-
vity improvement courses
are gradually and syste-
matically raising the cul-
tural and educational le-
vels of the workers and
their leaderships.

But.“he added, while
shese postive changes are
being-brought about. ma-
nagerial culture on the
whole, must undergo a
thorough review to enable
the evolution of a positive
relationshi| between
workers. CDR. Union per-
sonnel and management.

Mr G. Quaynor-Mettle.
Under Secretary for
Greater Accra, said chan-
ges in the country wouid
remain a.mere wish if a
very vital element needed

- for scientific socio-
economic transformation
of the society is not well

This is the reason why.
he stated, the CDR has set
up specific political as well

“as economic tasksitocreate
a new Ghanaian worker to
become a master of pro-
duction.

Mr Francis Cartey, Ma-
naging Director of the
Management, Develop-
ment and Productivity In-
stitute (MDPI), said feed-
back coming to his organi-
sation indicates that the
courses they are running
for the CDR and workers:
leaders are achieving re-
sults.


MOZAMBIQUE

TRAINING COURSES IN VARIOUS TRADES COMPLETED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Apr 87 p 8

{Text} Five training courses for stone masons, carpenters, industrial elec~
tricians, domestics and typists ended on Thursday in Maputo.

Some 142 skilled workers were trained in these specialties; 30 of them are
women.

The ceremony marking the end of the courses was led by Alfredo Mateus, national
director of human resources in the Ministry of Building and Public Works, and
was also attended by Jean Eveline, assistant representative of the United ,

Nations system in Mozambique, and representatives of the UNDP, among other
guests.

Speaking at the ceremony, which was held in the facilities of the Professional
Training Center in Machava, Alfredo Mateus said that the courses now concluded
are part of a training program for skilled workers in various specialties
considered priorities in the construction area, in response to the demands of
the Economic Recovery Program.

On that occasion, Alfredo Mateus noted that one of the measures contemplated
in the Economic Revovery Program was the training of skilled cadres.

The Professional Training Center of Machava is financed by the UNDP and the
Mozambican Government and receives technical assistance from the ILO. Mateus
said the engagement of these organizations and of the Mozambican Government is
clear proof that the only way out of underdevelopment is the technical train-
ing of men and their correct enlistment in productive activities.

The Machava Professional Training Center began to function in 1982, with the
training of teachers. In 1984, the Center initiated the training of monitors,
who are now directing the various courses, as well as building and highway
construction workers, who are now employed in various parts of the country.

In February, as a spokesman for the training institution informed our reporter,
the center conducted a course in pipe laying for 18 technicians who had been
sent by their companies and for others who had been unemployed.

6362
CSOs 3442/147

57



Do you regard poverty as a problem in South Africa? If so, how should it
be tackled?

Of course, poverty among large sections of our population is a terrible problem
leading to malnutrition and disease. It can only be tackled by increased
productivity. We are a comparatively poor country because the productivity

of our people is so low. It can only be tackled by improved education and
technical training. No law of minimum wages can abolish it. It also means
that we must be able to trade freely internationally in these products in
which we have comparative advantages. That is why sanctions as such are an
abomination. They deprive all South Africans of the opportunity of becoming
wealthy.

Given the high level of unemployment, would you consider introducing some form
of social security?

To improve our present social security will mean extra taxation. If the
standard of social security is measures by First World Standards it will be
impossible for the economy to carry. It will mean a rate of taxation which
will impoverish society further, making unemployment ever worse. But some
improvement in security is possible--for instance more distribution of surplus
food. The only real answer to unemployment is more rapid economic growth.

In the answers above we have suggested how this would be done. South Africa
has the potential in the medium and longer term to grow much faster. But
different policies than those of the past will have to be instituted.

What is your policy on privatisation?
Government has accepted the principle of privatisation. We agree completely.

But we also believe it must be proceeded with as fast as possible. With the
excess of investment funds at present in the economy, the time is suitable.

18309
cso: 3400/637

110



against the high level of inflation. It would therefore be inappropriate

to outline specifics now. In general, however, it can be said that the
nature of inflation continually changes. In 1984 the problem was excess
demand, which we have since removed from the economy. But now it is high
again because of the cost factor, and was mainly brought about by the devalua-
tion of the rand. We prefer to look to the operation of market forces--
influenced, so far as is necessary, by the fiscal and monetary authorities and
incomes policy for sustainable reduction in the inflation rate. Tight fiscal
and monetary policies will therefore continue to play a major role in this
regard.

Are you satisfied with the distribution of wealth and land in South Africa
and what changes should be made, if any?

South Africa is a mixture of Third and First Worlds, so the distribution of
income and wealth is bound to be in a continual state of flux. Redistribution
of opportunity, leading to the redistribution of income and wealth is a mark
of civilised societies. Opportunities for economic participation are
increasingly opened up, and higher educational attainment becomes more wide—
spread, so that a natural (as opposed to an artificial) process of wealth
accumulation will enable economic agents to command resources and thus to
affect the pattern of distribution. The State will of course always have a
residual role to play in correcting market failure. Ironically, the much
maligned establishment of national states is one of the most dramatic acts
of the redistribution of wealth--land is the basis of wealth.

How should the economy be stimulated?

In the shorter term, economic recovery will have to be primed by a consumption-
led upswing arising from social expenditures and from higher disposable incomes
stemming from tax relief and improved earnings, coupled with low interest rates.
We do not see this as sparking a new round of demand-fed inflation, although

we are watching it very closely. In the longer run we shall be looking to a
sound mix of export growth (including local benefication) and “inward
industrialisation" based on a burgeoning demand for basic consumption goods
with a low import content. Deregulation and privatisation will clearly

give impetus to the process of urbanisation.

What are your views on the Government's decentralization policy, and the issue
of abolishing a minimum wage?

Industrial development in SA has become highly concentrated in a small number
of areas. If we are to avoid insupportable burdens on our infrastructure we
shall have to continue seeking a better spatial pattern of development by
exploiting regional advantages and providing financial incentives [word
indistinct] with the viability of the projects involved. Minimum wages are
known to create economic distortions. In SA's present stage of socio-economic
development it would clearly be difficult to totally abolish the minimum wage
structure already existing. It must remain our aim to create the maximum

112



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS
Buthelezi Ready for Talks With NP, ANC
(SAPA, 22 Apr 87) cevececccesccersecccvccscsencccceneees 95
Black Leaders Call for End to Group Areas Act
(Sejamothopo Motau; THE STAR, 21 Apr 87) ...ssseeeseeves 96
! Dhlomo Confident About Future on Tlanga
(SAPA, 22 Apr 87) cesceeececeecccecercnccercceseeerecees 97
Indaba Said Gaining Wide Spectrum of Support
(SAPA, 24 Apr 87) cesccecceecvercccreccccrercscceceeeces 98
ECONOMIC
March Inflation Recorded at 16.8 Percent
(SAPA, 22 Apr 87) ceeccecceveccccscccecncccceensretesere 99
PFP on Economic Policy Questions
(THE STAR, 23 Apr 87) .ceceeecccrccccecececceeesceenenee 100
CP on Economic Policy Questions
(THE STAR, 23 Apr 87) wscseeesecccceccccecescceesseesees 102
HNP on Economic Policy Questions
(THE STAR, 23 Apr 87) ..cceeeeecececceeeeecsceseceseenes 105
NRP on Economic Policy Questions
(THE STAR, 23 Apr 87) cececcevsccececcsccccccccesecenees 108
NP on Economic Policy Questions
(THE STAR, 23 Apr 87) .eeceecscccccccccecscceseseenseeee lil
Commentary Notes Problems in Agricultural Sector
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 24 Apr 87) ...+eeeeeeeee 114
/7310



EMERGENCY OIL LOAN PROVIDED FOR ECUADOR

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 2 Apr 87 pp 1. 3

[Yext]

19274
cso:

PRESIDENT Ibrahim
Babangida has given: the go-
ahead to Ecuador to lift 10,000
BPD of crude oil from Nigeria
on a loan basis to avert serious
energy and political crisis in
that country,

According to a statement
from the NNPC, the gesture
became necessary due to a
major earthquake which
wrecked about 25 miles of

Ecuadorian oil pipeline on

March 5, this year.
The statement said repairs

to’ the: damaged pipelines '

estimated to last four to five
months during which time, no

3400/602

oil can be° from
aca exported
It said the government of
Ecuador through its Minister
of Mines and Energy, Mr.
Espinose, requested
i e from all member

countries of OPEC to import’

six to seven million barrels of
crude into Ecuador during the
four to five months repair
Period ot the pipeline.

The NNPC EPtthe ay
to lift the 10,000 BPD from
Nigeria was therefore granted
by the President in the name
of OPEC solidarity.

In a message from the
Ecuadorian capital, Qui‘o, the
government thanked Nigeria
for the noble gesture during
the national emergency.
tty S2id such generous at-

strengthened the bonds
of brotherhood that unite both
countries within the communi-
ty of developing nations.

Meanwhile, Ecuador hopes
to begin pumping its crude for
exports from its Napo oil pro-

89

NIGERIA

ducing region in the north-
eastern part of the country to
the Pacific coast in the first

under-secretary of energy and
mines, Dr. Ferdinand Santos-

Alvite.
He told OPECNA that once:
the arrangements became
operational, Ecuador would
be able to resume the export of
about 50,000 barrels per day
(B/D) which was terminated
more than two weeks ago
when the country's only
pipeline linking LN
region to terminals:on |
Pacific coast was. des'

a series of devastating ear-

juakes,

Dr. Santos-Alvite didnot say
if the arrangement would con-
tinue after the completion of
repair work on the damaged
pipeline.

Repair work on 40
kilometres of damaged
pipeline is scheduled to begin
early next month at a cost of
about 50 million dollars (about.
200 million Naira) expected to
be completed by mid-August.



MOZAMBIQUE

EEC FINANCES REHABILITATION OF HOSPITALS IN VILANCULO

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Mar 87 p 8

[Text] At the present time, the work to rehabilitate three rural hospitals is
under way in the district of Vilanculo, Inhambane Province.

They are the hospital center of the Vilanculo district headquarters, the Mambone
hospital, and the Inhassoro hospital, involved in a social enterprise estimated
at nearly $1 million.

The work is being handled by two non-governmental organizations, with financing
from the EEC.

The work to rehabilitate those three hospital centers was begun in October of
last year, as our newspaper was told by Candido Maria, provincial health direc-
tor in Vilanculo and the one responsible for the execution of this program in

the region.

He added that the program to rehabilitate the three hospitals is aimed ‘at improv-
ing the health coverage conditions in the rural areas. The project is being
executed by two non-governmental organizations, Bioforce and OHI.

That physician noted that all the equipment and other materials for the rehabi-
litation of the three health units have already been acquired.

This activity also includes the construction of new buildings annexed to the
hospitals, to be used for the introduction of new services which were non-

existent before.

Included in the same program is activity to train Mozambicans, noteworthy in
which is the establishment of a combined shop-center for making crutches and
prostheses for the physically disabled.

The shop installed in the Vilanculo district headquarters already has five
Mozambican workers who are being trained as aides in this branch of activity.

According to Candido Maria, the creation of a shop-center in Vilanculo is
intended to serve the population of the northern region of Inhambane Province;
while the center installed at the Provincial Hospital will serve the southern

area's population.
This activity has been coordinated’ with the Red Cross of Mozambique (CVM),

which intends to initiate a national program for the manufacture of prostheses
to aid the maimed victims of the war.

2909
CSO: 3442/140 34



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK LEADERS CALL FOR END TO GROUP AREAS ACT
MB211811 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 21 Apr 87 p 1
[By Sejamothopo Motau]

[Text] Black leaders and organisations have given the government an unequivocal
mandate to scrap the Group Areas Act forthwith and to negotiate with black
leaders to create a non-racial, fully democratic, unfragmented new South Africa.

Their mandate also rejected the idea of independent city states for urban
blacks mooted recently by the State President, Mr P.W. Botha.

Black leaders and organisations, including Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, the
United Democratic Front (UDF), Azanian People's Organisation (AZAPO), United
Municipalities of South Africa (UMSA), the Urban Councils Association of South
Africa (UCASA) and the Soweto Civic Association, also rejected the "whites
only" elections as irrelevant and characterised the significance of the
independent candidates as academic.

The acting publicity secretary of the UDF, Mr Murphy Morobe said: "May 6 will
come and go and our demands for a free, nonracial democratic South Africa
will still have to be met."

Dr N. Motlana said the Group Areas Act must be scrapped forthwith because
justice long delayed is justice denied.

AZAPO wants a new South Africa free of racism where the rights of every
individual are guaranteed and protected by law and where all citizens will
be free to decide on matters that affect their own destiny.

In his call for power-sharing in a united, non-racial and democratic South
Africa, Chief Buthelezi, rejected attempts by the National Party "to tear
South Africa apart to create God's world in the image of Dr Verwoerd's dreams.”

The editor of the SOWETAN, Mr Joe Latakgomo, rejected out of hand the idea of
independent city states for urban blacks. .

"City states are not the answer to the demands by blacks for full political
rights, and will certainly not be accepted," he said.

/8309
cso: 3400/636

96



MOZAMBIQUE

600,000 SAID AFFECTED BY FOOD CRISIS IN SOFALA PROVINCE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 Apr 87 p 1

[Text] The combined effects of the South African destabilization and the

prolonged drought have resulted in severe food shortages, affecting more than
600,000 people in Sofala Province, according to a spokesman for the Provincial
DPCCN | Department for the Prevention of and Combat against Natural Disasters].

This is more than half the population of Sofala Province.

Manuel Nogueira, DPCCN director in Sofala, told the Mozambican news agency
AIM that, as a result of the lack of rainfall in most of the province, the
seed sown last October did not germinate.

A report from the provincial DPCCN notes that the hopes placed in drought-
resistant crops were not fulfilled, "because the production areas were destroyed
py the war, which forced people to emigrate from the zones where they were
living and working to others which had not been affected by the war, but in
which the conditions are not favorable for agriculture."

Nogueira said the situation is most alarming in the north of the province,
specifically in Caia, Chemba, Maringue and Cheringoma districts. These are
precisely the areas most affected by the activities of the armed bandits in

the pay of South Africa.

A recent combined offensive by Mozambican and Zimbabwean forces drove the
bandits out of a vast area in the north of the province, leading to the dis-
covery of an even more widespread hunger problem. The peasants liberated from
bandit captivitywere in desperate condition, surviving on jungle fruits and
roots.

The DPCCN director said that communications between these districts and Beira,
the province capital, have been interrupted, since the roads leading to the
south have been destroyed and the bandits have sabotaged the rail line between
Beira and Zambeze, putting it out of operation.

The only possible route for shipping large quantities of food to these regions
is through Malawi. This means that trains from Malawi must cross the railway
pridge over the Zambeze River and deposit the food in Sena, on the southern
bank of the river. ‘he town and the bridge are now firmly controlled by the
Mozambican Armed Forces.

37