Swastika Resemblance 'Not Meant’

/9317)*
CSO: 3400/1754

The pressions which
remain after attending a
AWB meeting are of a
powerful and charismat-
ic. leader, hero worship-
ping followers, swastika-
type red and white flags,
general hysteria and the
awful feeling that. you
have seen all of this
somewhere before.

But it is the flag — or
rather its remarkable re-'
semblance to ‘one which
onée once flew over the
ruins of a Nazi-occupied
Europe — that the casual
observer finds most, dis-
turbing.

57

According to AWB
leader Mr Eugene Terre-
Blanche — who had noth-
ing to do with the design
of the flag — the impres-
sion it leaves could not be
further from the truth,

“The three sevens you
see in the. centre of the
flag represent numbers
from the Bible which are
-used to counter the ‘mark
of the Beast’ — 666,” Mr
TerreBlanche explained
this week. \

“In addition to that. the
Boers prayed for seven
days in a row prior to the
Battle of Blood River.”



INDIAN COMMUNITY PRAISED FOR BUSINESS ROLE

Monrovia DAILY STAR in English 28 Apr 86 pp 7, 8

[Article by Ignatius Roberts]

{Text ]

13104
cso:

The Commissioner
of Immigratign and

Naturalization Hon.

Edwin J. Tay&, has
praised the Indian
Community in Libe=
ria for being law=
abiding and exe-
cellent business-
men in the coun-
try. °

He said that In-
dians, like other
foreign residents
in Liberia, have
always identified
themselves with
the Liberian citi-
zens.

Hon.~ Taye made
the statement
over the weekend
at the North
Beach Club on Bu-

shrod Island,
where he was hono-
ured as “Com-

missioner of the
Year"by the Indian
Community in Libe-
ria.

Commissioner
Taye said that the
manner in which
the Indians ‘were

3400/1808

conducting them-
selves in Liberia
had examplifiedthe
cordial relation-
ship between the
two countries. _

He said that al-
though the current
economic situation
in the country
was very cloudy,
but with the de-
termination of all
the business ‘com-
munities, there
are prospects. for
economic recovery
in the future.

He said that the
economic recovery
of this nation
could be hastened
if both the pri-
vate and the pub-
lic sectors could
closely work to-
gether to design
positive means and
measures aimed at
economic survival.

According to,
him, for the suc-
cess of the busi-
ness community,
the government of

23

SJPRS«SSA*86*062

13 June 1986

LIBERIA

Liberia has assu-
red businesses in
the country of ma-
ximumTM security
protection, as
they go about do-
ing their busi-
ness.

He noted that
the Liberian go-
vernment will con-
tinue to maintain
its commitment to
sustaining busi-
ness in the coun-
try.

He said that
there was no re-
cords .tracing any
involvement of the
Indians in the
violation of the
country's regula-
tions governing
resident aliens,

Earlier, the
head of the Indian
Community in Li-
beria, Hon. Gill,
expressed thanks
and appreciation
to the government
of Liberia for the

‘abled manner in

which their. busi-~
nesses have been
protected in the
country,



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



that coloreds would be accommodated in the SADF to a greater extent in the
Conscription for colored would not however be implemented at present
ld eventually become necessary as the country's
[Johannesburg SAPA in English 1830

future.
but it was possible that it wou

defence requirements increased. [Text]
GMT 12 May 86 MB] /12913

cso: 3400/1703

66



Said another farmer: "The situation is explosive. The only solution I can see
is Paul Kruger's: go and shoot 3000 of them.

"You must understand our bitterness. These are second and third generation
farms that have cost hundreds of thousands of rands to develop, which have no
value now due to their location," said Mr Kluge.

"We are busy losing everything we have due to circumstances beyond our
control."

Mr Pietie du Plessis, the minister of manpower, was "tentatively" scheduled
to attend a farmers meeting in Steelpoort--which is in his constituency~-on
Friday, a spokesman for his department, Mr Willen Pruis, said.

Farmers from surrounding towns said they would attend and promised a "warm"
reception.

A tour deep into Lebowa at the weekend by a reporter revealed a politicised
populace.

Villagers on the dirt roads cried "Comrade" and gave black power salutes.

A car was burning out ‘on the Sekhukhune Road about 2 km from the South
African border.

Lebowan's agreed that the political awakening started about 5 months ago.

Steelpoort farmers said they suspected that not only blacks but whites were
responsible for the "communist" politicisation.

"South African police are patrolling the area in Casspires but they can't be
everywhere, and the agitators are well-organised," said Mr Kluge.

"They've virtually carried away my whole fence," he said.

Mr Louw's brother, Hugo, said his income from sweet potatoes had been slashed
from R42,000 last year to R2000 this year due to the agitation and lack of
labour.

"You can come and fetch all the sweet potatoes you can carry, as long as you
dig them out yourself," Mr Hug Louw said.

Eastern Transvaal police said they were unaware of the developments along the
Lebowa border, as outlined by the farmers.

The Steelpoort farming community ascribed a grisly series of murders recently
around the neighbouring Roossenekal and Laersdrift districts to Lébowan in-
surgents.

Elderly farming couples had been brutally murdered at night, by being hit with
a ploughshare on the head or by metal rods being shunted down their throats,
Leardsdrift shopkeeper Mr Hannes Ruthven said. Police confirmed the murders
but could not confirm that the killers had come from Lebowa.

77



Innkeeping schools in Luanda, Lubango and Huambo received assistance from Portu-
gal, and on a private level, Fernando Barata, a Portuguese businessman, also
expressed interest in the Angolan market, submitting a proposal for professional
training and hotel management.

Portugal Submits Cunene Projects

In the following month, as Van Dunem extended his visit, Portugal submitted a
series of projects to harness hydroelectric power in the Cunene River Basin,
which Angola intends to implement.

Specifically, this series of plans includes dozens of projects such as irriga-
tion, agricultural and livestock experiments, and the construction of various
dams, the largest of which is the Gove Dam.

Fourteen of the dams will harness hydroelectric power, five will provide water
for irrigation, and three water for livestock.

In Paris, Pedro Van Duhem met with the Chairman of the Board of Banco Portuguese
do Atlantico, to improve economic relations between Portugal and Angola. In
addition, this bank will soon open an office in Luanda, where it is already con-
ducting business through its affiliate, Banco Comercial de Angola, now Banco
Popular de Angola (BPA).

The BPA plans to support Luso~Angolan exchanges through the Specialized Study
and Service Office in addition to promoting activities of the group's companies
in the areas of investments and services.

As can be seen from the foregoing, the first 2 months of 1986 saw a number of
Luso-Angolan initiatives and contacts in very diverse areas, on both the private
and the official level, which will lead to higher hopes for productive mutual
cooperation.

Minister Pires de Miranda was right when he said of private Portuguese business-
men that "they should be more aggressive and take risks."

13



one answer: to wait patiently until the rebels grow older and more prudent,
and in their turn see the point of compromise.

In the meantime, the reaction of the authorities should be to employ the
minimum force needed to protect the innocent and to remove genuine grievances.
That conclusion seems to be irrefutable, and the guidelines it lays down are
perfectly straight forward. But putting them into practice in a situation of
intense political competition between opposed viewpoints is another matter.

Excessive police force for example, is generally acknowledged to be
counterproductive. Less generally accepted is the converse: that
insignificant police force to protect the innocent is equally destructive of
social and economic stability in the short term and, in the long term, of
democratic goals.

The events at Crossroads are a dismal reminder of that truth. A Johannesburg
morning newspaper comments: The alternative to law is anarchy, and anarchy is
to be more feared than bad law. Ever since the cry went up for the removal of
police and military units from the townships; says BUSINESS DAY, the question
has been asked by people of good will: what then? Will the Pol Pots, the
teenage killers, prevail?

The answer is provided by the chaotic conflict between the comrades and the
vigilantes, who have come into existence to resist them. South Africans who
are determined that Crossroads should not be a prophetic microcosm of South
Africa must accept that enforcement of the law--no matter where or under what
pretext it is broken--is a precondition for stability, peaceful reform, and a
democratic order.

/12913
CSO: 3400/1793

72



/13104
cso:

3400/1806

government.

He called on
Liberians to
put an end to
"this ‘we must
spoil it to fix
‘at’ mentality.
What right has
this generation
got to preak
down what it
did not build?"

30



JPRS=SSA*86«062
13 June 1986

SOUTH ‘AFRICA

BRIEFS

DANISH PARLIAMENT WEIGHING SHIPPING BAN--A total ban on the call of Danish
ships at South African ports, if adopted by the Folketing, will mean a de-
cline in freight earnings by many hundred. million kroner. At the same time,
Danish shipowners find that it would bean ineffective measure as long as

there is no international agreement on a total international shipping boycott.
It is 3-4 years since Danish shipping companies transported oil to South Africa.
Danish ships call at South African ports at present in connection with coal,
grain and citrus fruit shipments. Owing to the long-term contracts of ships,

a charterer is not able to indicate in advance the names of the ports at which
the ship will call. That is why a unilateral Danish boycott of South African
ports will constitute a very serious limitation of the freedom of movement of
Danish ships within the framework of such contracts. Danish ships will not be
in a position to accept any return or partial cargoes and important exchanges
of crews and bunker purchases will also be suspended. A Danish boycott will
not have any effect on South African import and export as long as it stands
alone, Danish shipowners state. Within the next few days, the Danish Ship-
owners' Association will approach the Foreign Policy Committee of the Folketing
to draw its attention to these circumstances. [Text] [Copenhagen BERLINGSKE
TIDENDE in Danish 3 May 86 sec 3 p 2] 7262

CSO: 3613/119
END

101



the perpetrators of the attack fail to carry out the mission that had been
assigned to them?

Those are other unanswered questions. It is also not known, at least publicly,
to whom the vehicle belonged; something that will not be difficult to discover
if its real number is still imprinted on the engine. As for the South African
registration plate, it could have either great significance or none at all.

A Calm City

Meanwhile, Maputo continues to be a peaceful city, in which one can travel at
any hour of the day or night without any. major problems (despite.a sizable
increase in crime that has been admitted officially), nor compulsory curfew.
Evening performances do not have more spectators only because of the lack of
capacity in the halls, and one need only observe that the Maxaquene covered
stadium was too small for the performance.of the musical group, "Gasoline,"
from the West Indies, which lasted until very late at night. Over 6,000 people
(the official capacity is 5,000) have attended it daily. .

This has been the second terrorist act to take place in the nation's capital
with a certain amount of impact fora. year, after two mimes exploded on the
beach at Costa do Sol in February.

Since 21 March » RENAMO has not made the usual invasions of the entrance to the
capital in the districts of Matola and Machava. It was on that day that 30
members of RENAMO lost their lives there, including the commander and the
accompanying ‘witch doctor.

This success of the Armed Forces of Mozambique seems to have resulted from a
change in tactics. The authorities have prepared the capital's population,
usually catefreé and "célebrating," for possible infiltrations of the "armed
bandits," the official phrase destribing the ‘members of RENAMO. Jorge Rebelo,
from the FRELIMO Politburo, in which he serves as ‘super-minister for social
areas and first secretary of the city, recommended close surveillance, noting
that, "The enemy is attempting to infiltrate our capital, so as to create
instability here." And he cited the increase in the number of murders and
armed attacks.

In connection with this campaign, new elections will be held for block chiefs
and 10-family. chiefs, if it is found that these officials, responsible for
the local’ surveillance and with the assignment to notify the authorities of
any movement by strangers, are not operating properly.

The attack with the armored vehicle, moreover, prompts recollection of the
documentation seized in August 1985 from RENAMO, when forces from Zimbabwe
and Mozambique conquered the rebels' headquarters’ on Mozambican territory, in
Gorongoza. Those documents included instructions from South African officials
for triggering terrorist activities in Maputo.

2909

CSO: 3442/210

37



Core conditions of service such as salaries, housing, pension and medical
schemes would be guaranteed. The government also wanted to finalise the
future and security of the personnel and preferred to retain officials rather
than allow them to leave the public service.

The services of the chairman and board members of the Peri-Urban Areas Board
of the Transvaal, would terminate’ on 30 June and the administrative employees
would be transferred to the Transvaal administrator and Exco on the same
terms.

Similarly the Cape Divisional Council employees would fall under the Cape
Administration until they were taken over by the regional services councils.

/12913
cs0: 3400/1703

62



/13104
csO:

3400/1808

pass water or toilet,
complained that he had
not recieved any
treatment since the
go-slow began.

He said although

Dr. Brumskine came
around a couple of times,
there had been no
treatment. Other people
walked in the hospital
and carried away

their sick: relatives,’
but refused to posal
‘for a photograph. fy

Our source said the:
only , Patients there:
now are those whose,
“relatives don't care
to come for them."

Dr. Brumskine was!
not available for com~
ment yesterday, but
a few doctors we talk-
ed to made it clear’
that unless ‘their.
money is paid in full,
“we stick to our
word." .

, The TNIMA students.
have been asked to va-
cate the dormitories,
because there won't
be “classes for them
while the- "go-slow"
strike is on, our’

‘sources Said. >

33



IEEE EET EI_EDTASEE ET OI

spps~Ssh~86°007
13 June 198

-van AFRICA

BRIEFS

GOVERNMENT REFUSES SCHOOL OPENING--Cape Town, 14 May, SAPA--The government has
refused South African College Schools (SACS) permission to open to all races.
The Minister of Education and Culture in the House of Assembly, Mr Piet Clase,
told a four-man delegation from SACS on Friday that no amending legislation
was being considered which would permit this. The delegation met Mr Clase
after almost 80 percent of the parents from SACS junior and secondary schools
had voted to open the schools. Other state-run schools have had similar
support from parents for open enrollment. The chairman of the SACS School
Committee, Professor E.J. Whitaker, said today “full and frank" discussions
had taken place. “The minister made it plain that no amending legislation was
contemplated now or in the near future which would permit the schools to be
opened or which would enable him to authorise the admission of race groups
other than whites to the schools," Prof Whitaker said. Mr Clase had said
education policy was continuously receiving government attention and that
“educationally accountable adaptations" were made when considered necessary.
At its next meeting the School Committee would give further consideration to
how it could achieve its desired ends, Prof Whitaker said. [Text]
[Johannesburg SAPA in Engilish 1505 GMT 14 May 86 MB] /12913

GOVERNMENT DROPS RENT CLAUSE--The government has scrapped a heavily criticized
rent clause in the Black Local Authorities Amendment Bill. Patrick Cull in
Parliament has the full story. [Cull] The controversial Clause 13 in the
Black Local Authorities Amendment Bill, which would have allowed local
authorities to secure garnishee orders against black rent defaulters has been
dropped after opposition in the Standing Committee. The clause, which raised
a howl of protest when the bill was published last month, would also have
allowed black local authorities to secure a warrant of execution against the
movable property of employers who failed to implement the garnishee orders. A
further controversial clause empowering a black local authority to appoint
anyone as a police officer or police official, however, within its area of
jurisdiction has been retained. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 0500
GMT 14 May 86 MB] /12913

COLORED WOMEN IN SADF--House of Representatives, 12 May, SAPA-~Colored women
can now be accepted into the SADF on the same basis as white women, the
Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan, said today. Speaking in his vote
of the budget, he said an application had been received from a colored woman
and was being processed. Colored women would be appointed on the same
conditions as white women. He said the Geldenhuys Committee had recommended

65



IDES. Y SSS SS nL eee nee ee ee eee

IJPRS«SSA*86~062
13 June 1986

NAMIBIA

NATIONAL PARTY SPELLS OUT BOTTOM LINE ON EDUCATION
Windhoek THE ADVERTISER in English 2 May 86 pp 1, 4

[Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

A PROGRAMME of “positive action” centred op a campaign
pushing for the. implementation of United Nations Resolution
435 is believed to be the main aim of a major summit of parties
outside the Transitional Government.

The CCN-hosted meeting,
which got underway in Wind-
hoek today, has brought
together a formidable array of
parties and organisations to
try and hammer out acommon
strategy on “genuine” Namibi-
an independence.

The widely representative
group includes some of
Namiibia’s most seasoned poli-
ticians,

Those known to be attend-
ing are: Swapo, Swanu (Left),
the Namibia Independence
Party, the Damara Council,
Mf Peter Kalangula’s Christian
Democratic Action for Social
Justice, the Mbanderu Coun-
cil, the NCDP and Nudo PPN
as well as organisations like the
Namibian National Students’
Organisation (Nanso), the
Namibian Women’s Voice and

the Young Women’s Christian ;

Association,

“KEY QUESTION
Asthe potentiallyimportant

suminit gets underway, the cru- *

cial question is whether parties
will be able to bury differences,
overcome organisational
difficulties and move into unit-
ed action.

Open scepticism about the

possible impact ofthe confer-
ence has been expressed in
Transitional
circles.
Minister of National Health
and Welfare Moses Katjiuon-
gua said bluntly yesterday the

gathering would be of no sig--

nificance if it was, merely op-
posed to- the Transitional
Government and ‘demanded
the implementation of 435.

43

Government .

Another Namibia watcher
said he would be surprised if it
came off “largely because of
the past history of similar at-
‘tempts at forming an alliance.

“The centrifugal forces ap-
pear too great, particularly
‘Swapo’s reluctance to look be-
yond its‘top dog’ status””

A NEW URGENCY

Leaders of participating
parties are cautiously optimis-
tic, but reluctant to say too
much too early.

Those approached by The
Advertiser were frank about
the challenge, which is broadly
seeti to be to move beyond po-
‘litical rhetoric and paper reso-

lutions and to engage in
.meaningful action.



JPRS*SSA*86~062
13 June 1986

‘ ' SOUTH AFRICA

POLLS SHOW PESSIMISM AMONG URBAN WHITES ON FUTURE PEACE
MB101201 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0930 GMT 10 May 86

[Text] Johannesburg, May 10, SAPA--Urban whites are more pessimistic about
future peace in South Africa than they were a year ago, a recent poll shows.

The latest Omnichek poll was conducted among 1,306 white men and women in the
major centres.

The thread of pessimism runs evenly through age, language and income groups
in all centres and through single and married people.

Only five in every 100 respondents hedged the question by answering that they
didn't know.

The poll, carried out in early April, pointed to the lifting of the partial
state of emergency (but with unrest continuing), details of the 1986 budget,
and the strengthening of the rand on international currency markets, and asked:
"Compared with a year ago, are you more optimistic about the future for peace
in South Africa?"

Nationwide, 56 percent of respondents said "no" and 39 percent said "yes,"
with 5 per cent saying they "didn't know."

The poll for men was conducted 2 weeks after that for the women but there was
a close similarity in responses.

Two out of three women were much less optimistic than men: 61 per cent answered
"no" against 36 per cent who said they were optimistic.

On the men, 49 per cent said "no," against 46 per cent who answered "yes."

Research surveys joint managing director, Mr John "Butch" Rice said: "This
lack of confidence appears to be very deep-seated.

"There are signs that the authorities are well aware of this since we have
had the governor of the Reserve Bank, Dr Gerhard de Kock, seeking to stimulate
the economy by lowering interest rates, the state president, Mr P.W. Botha,
sending signals abroad on plans to end the unrest, and even SABC commentaries
urging the restoration of confidence.

85



Taking refuge behind the shield of its own shortages, Lisbon will, moreover,
try above all else not to create difficulties for the bilateral relationships;
but it should be noted that the private sector is attempting to act with very
obvious aggressiveness, expressed primarily in the training of cadres of tech-
nicians, on the one hand, and entrepreneurs who desire to play a dynamic role
in the territories of the former colonies while relying exclusively on their
own resources.

Jose Brito, Cape Verdean secretary of state for cooperation and planning, made
the following statement less than a year ago concerning his country's relations
with Portugal: "There are no concrete mechanisms to give meaning to Portuguese-
Cape Verdean cooperation. The political changes in Portugal have--by the mere
fact of their existence--left us at times without anyone to talk to. I'm not
saying that there is no policy of cooperation, but sometimes that would appear
to be the case."

Normalization Postponed

In the case of Mozambique--another example--a similar problem is posed, except
for the curious fact that the relationship with Lisbon has been better when the
government has not been one of the Left, and that in particular there have been
difficulties with administrations that are preponderantly socialist.

The two large countries--Angola and Mozambique--are faced with other problems,
namely those that relate to the propaganda nuclei of those rebels who have
installed themselves in Lisbon and are using the Portuguese capital not merely
to issue press releases but also to solicit support from the large number of
former residents now residing in Portugal. Luanda and Maputo are intolerant of
Portugal's complaisant attitude, and Lisbon has taken refuge in a philosophy
that is technically unassailable, to wit: Portuguese citizens are able freely
to inform themselves and to be informed; those foreign nationals who do likewise
but in the process show disrespect for the hospitality that has been accorded
them will be subject to appropriate measures.

Complete normalization of relations with Luanda and Maputo--insofar as can be
foreseen--will not occur within the next few years. Could Portugal perhaps be
hoping that in the meantime some things might also be clarified in Angola and
Mozambique?

It will be difficult to hope, and painful: cooperation is stagnating, diplo-
matic relations are becoming increasingly delicate, and many other Western
countries will know how to insinuate themselves and consolidate a presence that
is economically advantageous and culturally seductive for all parties. Witness
the example of France, which has consolidated its profitable influence in
Guinea-Bissau, a country surrounded by French-speaking nations that France has
never abandoned.

Ten years after the first of its African colonies attained independence, Portu-
gal can still avail itself of the influence of the language, which is one of the
few vestiges of unity that remain in some of these new countries. It would be
imprudent, however, to think that this influence is going to last forever: in
the case of Mozambique especially, there are English-speaking countries on its



SIERRA LEONE
President Momoh To Probe Handling of U.S. Aid Program
(THE NEW CITIZEN, 5 May 86) -....cccccccccccccvccccccccvcees
SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Terreblanche Says Visions, Policy Based on Nationhood Not Race
(Eugene Terreblanche Interview; THE STAR, 15 May 86) ......

Government Constitutional Structure Explained
(David Braun; THE STAR, 15 May 86) ......

Heunis Comments on Provincial Government Restructuring
(SAPA, 12 May 86) ..

Heunis Discusses Land for Black Housing
(SAPA, 13 May 86) ..

Top Afrikaner Theologian Condemns Lack of Order
(SAPA, 13 May 86) ..

Briefs
Government Refuses School Opening
Government Drops Rent Clause
Colored Women in SADF

SOCLOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Reportage on Reactionto Cross-Border Raids
(SAPA, 20, 21 May 86; Umtata Capital Radio, 22 May 86) ....

Rajbansi Cites 'Hypocritical' Reaction
ECC Protests Raids at Pietermaritzburg
SACBC 'Disturbed' With Actions

Raids Reportedly Result of Truce Support

Reportage on Violence at Crossroads Township
(SAPA, 21 May 86; Johannesburg Domestic Service, 23 May 86)

Police Accused of Taking Sides
Commentary Views Enforcement Problems

'Network' Program Panel Discusses Significance of UWUSA
(Johannesburg Television Service, 1 May 86) ....seeessecees

Situation Near Lebowa Border Near ‘Flash Point'
(SAPA, 5, 9 May 86) .sccscccccccrssecevcecseccvcccersseeere

Farmers Feel Threatened
Electrified Border Fence Requested

-e-

53

55

58

61

63

67
67
68
68
69
70
70
71
73

76

76


JPRS*SSA~86*062
43 June 19 86

WAMLBLA

LEFT-WING SUMMIT SAID TO FACE CRUCIAL TFST

Windhoek THE ADVERTISER in English 29 Apr 86 pp 1, 3

[Text]

THE NATIONAL PARTY will not accept arly new
constitutional dispensation that fails to allow each
ethnic group to run its own education.

This was clearly spelt out by
Deputy Minister of Agricul-
ture Thinus Blaauw at a public
meeting of just more than 30
people at Okahandja last
night.

Explaining the NP’s bottom
line in its negotiations over a
replacement for Proclamation
AG 8, hesaid the new constitu-
tional dispensation would have
to comply with the govern-
ment’s Bill of Fundamental
rights.

‘Mr Blaauw emphasised that
article nine of'the bill made it
clear that ethnic, linguistic and
religious groups had the right
to maintain and promote their
cultures, languages, traditions
and religions.

The National Party believed
education was culture related
and the article thus entrenched
the right to own education.

The party had been support-
edin this view by the legal opin-
ion of senior advocates.

19317
CSO: 3400/1749

Mr Blaauw said the NP
would not be satisfied with ver-
bal guarantees that the govern-
ment did not intend to take
away white schools.

The only guarantee it would
accept . was © autonomous
authority for each group over
education.

He said that over the educa-
tion issue the NP had resorted
to the provision that any group
which believed a government
decision infringed its: rights
could take legal opinion to pre-
vent the decision being im-
plemented.

In this way the party had '

prevented the controversial
government sponsored educa-
tion report from being accept-
ed in full.

Mr Blaauw said the NP did
not intend going to court every
day but he gave the assurance
the party would not allow deci-
sions to be taken that “at the

40

end of the day mean you are”
left with nothing”

Mr Blauuw hit out at the
Minister of Education, Mr An-
drew Matjila, saying the
minister had lied when he had
publicly said schools . were
open to all.

Mr Matjila had later admit-
ted that he had been incorrect.

“We are afraid that after this
Mr Matjila will have no credi-
bility amongst any whites in
the country;’ Mr Blaauw said.

, Mr Matjila had also been
| reported as telling the people
of Kavango that nothing
‘would be done to take away
their traditional system and
rights.

| “I challenge Mr Matjila to
say the same thing to the
whites.”

Mr Blaauw said there were
people in the country and even
within the government who
would like to see the NP with-
draw from the government.

However, if the NP was
forced to leave or decided to
leave the government it would
be fatal.

All the things the party had
fought for in the past would be
lost.


EE  —_ nddttO)QGQG,QG,OG EEE

JPRS*SSA~86+062
13 June 1986

At the end of 1984 the government announced that people would no longer be
forced out of Crossroads, but that the satellite camps must go to Site C in
Khayalitsha. He said that state of emergency people had resulted in the
politicisation of squatters who had developed strong links with township and
civic organisations. [sentence as received]

“The area became a no-go area for police and army,” he said. They resisted
any attempt to move and in line with government policy they (the squatters)
should never have been there.” He said there were "some indications that the
development board would not allow people to go back to Crossroads and will
only allow them to move to Khayalitsha.”

Cowmentary Views Enforcement. Problems
MB230822 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0545 GMT 23 May 86
[Station Commentary]

[Text] The tragic events at Crossroads have brought. to the attention of South
Africans everywhere in the most starkly dramatic form a phenomenon that is
doing incalculable harm to peaceful political: progress in. the country.

For the past year or more, gangs of youths have been increasingly successful
in establishing a reign of terror in the township. Rejecting the authority
even of the informal leaders in the area, they pinned their hopes on
revolution and acted ruthlessly against any in the community who dared voice
disagreement. To the extent that they were also successful in a campaign to
keep the police out of the area, the inevitable outcome was the violent
resistance organized by bands in the community that flared up this week. The
situation that has finally been reached is one in which order can probably be
restored only with the use of force greater than would have been required
originally.

The day of the young rebels, is how an international news magazine describes
the phenomenon in a recent analysis. Something new is happening in countries
around the world, according to the ECONOMIST, quoting organized acts of
violent political behavior by youths in South Africa, Northern Ireland, India,
Sri Lanka, China, and even Britain. The ECONOMIST sees the phenomenon in
these countries and elsewhere as a product of modern communications .-
technology, which had made it possible for the revolutionary message to be
carried cheaply and widely to the young who are, in their naivety and
impatience, an ideal audience.

To that may be added the fact that an increasingly significant number of young
people around the globe are unemployed, and therefore especially receptive to
calls for radical action. In South Africa 80 percent of blacks between the
ages of 18 and 26 have never been employed. For such people there-is an
irresistable attraction in an ideology that rejects the necessary compromises
of democratic politics in favor of the utopia promised as the harvest of
revolutionary violence. The ECONOMIST believes that in the long run,
governments and peoples that are concerned about democratic norms have only

71



[Bishop] Anything else to add? Are you for it, or are you against it?

{Dhlamini] Well, definitely, I am for a bill of rights because I feel that it
is in the interest of everybody in society that his rights be protected because
ultimately by protecting the rights of the individual you ensure that the rights

of the members of the community are protected.

[Bishop] Thank you for that. Professor Wiechers, I think everyone knows at
least since the conference that you are 100 percent for a bill of rights for
South Africa. Is that correct?

[Wiechers] Yes. There is something I want to emphasize. You know, obviously
when we talk about a bill of rights, we think of a, you know, formal part of
our constitution. Now obviously we don't have that, but what people tend to
forget is that we have a double legal system, actually a very rich legal sys-
tem, because we have both the continental and the English systems. And if we
talk about a bill of rights as meaning the real contents of such a bill of
rights, the rights and the duties, you know, the freedoms in such a bill of
rights, then we have that. It is part of our legal, common law systems. What
we don't have is a formal protection of those rights and freedoms in a con-
stitution and that is obviously what we have got to work for.

[Bishop] And some of that we will discuss in a second. Thank you gentlemen.

[Bishop] So gentlemen, let's continue the debate and start with you again
Justice Didcott. You, I think, approached the subject form the beginning
setting out a few advantages. Would you elaborate on those advantages for
this country if we were to have a bill of rights?

[Didcott] Well, I am not quite sure in what direction you want me to elaborate.
One could go off in many directions. So perhaps you could be a little bit

more....

{Bishop, interrupting] Yes, I think you mentioned... [changes thought] TI
detected a cohesive quality to a bill of rights, people being able to see that
they were, if you like, equal before the law?

[Didcott] Yes. One of the great problems that the law is in these days is
that it is...[changes thought] there are so many organs of...[changes thought]
apart from parliament itself, ministers, officials, administrative tribunals
of various kinds have the powers to make the most far-reaching and profound
decisions affecting people's lives, and the capacity of the courts to set
matters right if there has been an injustice is extremely limited. There are
many examples of this in our history over the years, and a bill of rights
would balance the interests, the legitimate interests, of the state and the
community as a whole with the interests of the individual in a way which does
not happen at the moment because there is really very little going for the
interests of the individual. The power of the state in a modern society is

overwhelming.

[Bishop] Yes. Professor Dhlamini, would you add something to that?

80



259124

JPRS-SSA-86-062

13

JUNE 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

TATEMERT
Approved tor puis cima

.__ Dieribution i;

ees
pte ee
ne een et Vaallnalied '

[DTIC QUALI'Y EePKuTED 3

FBIS

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY —

NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
/INFORMATION SERVICE |

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE |
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

ets
Rok



Indian Community Praised for Business Role .
(Ignatius Roberts; DAILY STAR, 28 Apr BO) seccccccerccceers

LINSU Demands Release of ‘Three Arrested Students
(SUNTIMES, 30 Apr 86) .csceseccvececccscceeccecereescacers

Muslim Sect Asked To Halt Activities
(THE MIRROR, 2 May 86) .sccsecceeccceccreccccceerecsccerees

Government Pledges Arrears to Civil Servants Before June
(J. N. Elliott; NEW LIBERIAN, 5 May 86) .-ssseceeeseeserees

Former UN Representative Tubman on Second Republic, Constitution
(Ephraim S, Johns; NEW LIBERIAN, 8 May 86) weccccvcceceeccs

NIC Prepares Revised Investment Code
(NEW LIBERIAN, 8 May 86) ccsscecceveccerceccrcrscscsesaeres

Work Slowdown Persists at JFK Hospital
(Joseph Teh; NEW LIBERIAN, 8 May i) eee

MOZAMBIQUE

Portugal Admits Allowing Renamo, UNITA Propaganda Activities
(EXPRESSO, 19 Apr 86) .esseceseeeeees

Maputo Calm in Spite of Recent Renamo Attack
(EXPRESSO, 25 Apr 86) ..

LISS Report Analyzes South African Support for MNR
(BUSINESS DAY, 14 May 86) .... ccc eceeccereeeeeeseeeees

NAMIBIA

Left-Wing Summit Said To Face Crucial Test
(THE ADVERTISER, 29 Apr 86) soeseeceeeeceeccererceceeseeree

Parties Gear Up To Implement UN Resolution 435
(Jean Sutherland; THE ADVERTISER, 1 May 86) cecceceeeceseee

National Party Spells Out Bottom Line on Education
(Jean Sutherland; THE ADVERTISER, 2 May 86) 2.00

Hopes Dashed for Economic Boost From Kudu Gas
(Jim Freeman; THE ADVERTISER, 9 Apr 86) ..

NIGERIA

Specifications on Italian Minehunter/Sweeper Ordered by Navy
(AFRIQUE DEFENSE, Apr BO) vevveevcvccccccccccevenvererseees

-b-

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47


JPRS+SSA~86+062
13 June 1986

LIBERIA

FORMER UN REPRESENTATIVE TUBMAN ON SECOND REPUBLIC, CONSTITUTION
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 8 May 86 pp 1, 7

[Article by Ephraim S. Johns, II]

{Text] "The coup of 1980 has been of immeasurable cost to our country; it
shatterd our long enviable record of uninterrupted political stability and
continuity; it damaged our image not only as a stable nation at peace with
itself and its neighbors, but our reputation as an important regional

peacemaker.”

Those were said that the only be measured
the words of various justifi- now that a new
Liberia's former cations advanced Constitution
Permanent Re- for _ the 1980 is in place’.
presentative coup: gross disre~ Addressing the
to the United gard and violations graduates on "RE-
Nations, Counsel- of the Gonstitu- CONCILIATION AND
lor Winston Tubman tion, = rampant THE SECOND REPU-
when he addressed corruption, failure BLIC", Counsellor
the 1985 graduates to manage properly Tubman said that
of the University the affairs of the “only means
of Liberia at the Liberian of effecting ge-~
the Unity Confer- people, the mono- nuine reconcilia-
ence Center yes- polizing of state tion in this coun-
terday. power by a few" try is by the sup-

He said as ttt “cegretably port of the Con-
result of the still . remain stitution upon
coup, "the faith with us today..." which the life of
of friendly govern: Counsellor the Second Repub-
ments and foreign Tubman said that lic depends."
investors in the "real test
our prepared- whether the event He said = that
ness to halt of April 12, the only _ hope
the drift to 1980 was justi- for solving the
anarchy in our fied; whether problems faced
country, have it: was a coup by the country
yet to be establi- sparked by simple is RECONCILIATION,
shed." greed or a Revolu- aot ceaseless

Mr. Tubman tion in ~ quest strife and = con-

of justice’ can



JPRS*SSA*86*062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NATIONAL PARTY MP DISCUSSES POWER SHARING
MB121843 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1834 GMT 12 May 86 .

[Text] House of Assembly, 12 May, SAPA--It was not reasonable to say the
government planned to grant proportional representation in parliament to
blacks, Mr Andre Fourie (NP [National Party] Turffontein) said today. Power-
sharing implies the sharing of power and not its transfer, he said during the
debate on the constitutional development and planning budget vote.

The government has not even completed its talks.on power-sharing. There is:
not one proposal on the table for participation by blacks, yet the
Conservative Party [CP] accepts that we are committed to proportional
representation for blacks.

Rather than make such statements, Mr Fourie said, the CP should say whether it
intended withdrawing, along with the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging [Afrikaner
Resistance Movement], to the Transvaal, Free State and parts of Natal.

The CP should also say whether it would try to establish exclusive white areas
and take away all the rights given to blacks outside the homelands.

Referring to the PFP [Progressive Federal Party), Mr Fourie said that the
party would only accept real reform had taken place the day the whites
capitulate and hand over power to blacks. All they (PFP MP's) can do is
attend memorial services for members of the SA Communist Party.

Referring to urbanisation of blacks, he said they had been conditioned to
accepting the favours of the white man. As a result, blacks who could afford
homes still put their names down for subeconomic housing.

This problem should be rectified by making more ground available for township
development so that blacks could build their own homes, he said.

/12913
cso: 3400/1704

87



picture altogether. And I am not. surprised that this is so, because, I mean,
the blacks got used to the idea that you can preach democracy in theory, but in
practice, when to come to practice, power is the name of the game. And this is
exactly what I feel can happen in South Africa if there is no bill of rights
by the time there is any transformation of the society that we have today.

[Bishop] Thank you very much. Now, it is over to you Professor Wiechers.

{Wiechers] Yes, I agree with my colleague, Professor Dhlamini. There are
many people in South Africa who think that, you know, the time is not ripe for
a bill of rights, we have not the right kind of order of things, and every
thing has got to be changed and suddenly, one good day, we will be in the right
position to have a bill of rights. Of course, that is completely wrong. There
is no such a time that is so inopportune, that it is not right for a bill of
rights. It overspans. [as heard] It is really the cementing force ina
society, because... [changes thought] I am always amazed when people say: Well,
a bill of rights serves the interests of the whites or the blacks. It does
not. It serves the interests of people, ordinary people. And what we need in
this country if we so glibly say we are moving away from the Westminister
system, then at least let us move away from the Westminister system, which is
a very strong British tradition not to entrench their pills of rights. Because
England has a bill of rights, but it is not entrenched. So if we move away,
get into the entrenched form, and then finally work towards it, propagate it,
because, you know, a pill of rights, protecting the rights and freedoms of
individuals and groups through free association, has got to be finely engrafted
in the hearts and minds of people. It is no use to have just. a document, you
know, a formal constitution, and once; with unbridled. power, people become
power drunk, in a sense, they throw in out. It has got to be part of ordinary
life, and I am convinced that in this country, with our double legal system as
I have said, it is very much part of our tradition, it very much lives in the
hearts and minds of people, and what people mostly forget in this country, is
we have bills of rights in our part of the country. Bophuthatswana has been
operating under the bill of.rights, with full judicial review, for a couple of
years. The interim government in Namibia has a bill of rights. Ciskei has a
pill of rights, unfortunately not with judicial review. And in each of these
instances, I do not think there is any person who has said these principles,
these values, are completely foreign to our way of living. There are even
people who would say African democracy does not recognize a bill of rights,

and my own experience with African democracy is that the right of the individual
in the community is very much ‘cricumscribed by the individual's basic rights,
his freedoms, his liberties. I think...

[Bishop, interrupting] Thank you very much, professor. Can I get back par-
ticipants were adverse to the bill of rights. Did you answer them? And if not,
would you answer them now? Would you ease their minds somewhat? How would you

do that?

(Didcott] I am afraid I was not...[changes thought] I was at the conference
for a very brief time, and not there at the period which you have mentioned.
So I am not sure what the basis of the opposition was. I would suspect that
it stems mainly and understandably from a distrust based upon a fair amount

82



fields in partnership with Sonangol and Texaco in the Zaire Basin, and with
Sonangol in the Cuanza Basin; Texaco, with a minority interest in onshore pro-
duction, has brought in production on Block Two offshore; and Elf Aquitaine,
which brought production on stream on Block Three in February of 1985.

Since 1981 exploration has also been scheduled on four more offshore blocks:
Block One, awarded in March 1982 to AGIP (50 percent), Elf (25. percent),
Petrogal, a Portuguese company (10 percent), Naftgas (7.5 percent, and INA
Naftaplin (7.5 percent). On this block, which covers 4,000 sq km, a new petro-
leum reservoir was discovered in February of last year 23 miles offshore south
of the Zaire River, at a depth of 50 meters.

Block Four, awarded in 1984 to Braspetro (35 percent), Petrofina (35 percent),
Sonangol (20 percent), and British Petroleum (10 percent), all of which will
finance a $100 million exploration project calling for at least nine wildcats.

Block Six, awarded to Total (50 percent), Union Texas (25 percent), and Deminex
(25 percent), a West German company.

Block Nine, in which Cities Service (50 percent) and Marathon (50 percent) have
invested $105 million since May 1981.

Seven of the 13 blocks created in 1978 remain to be awarded.
Struggle for a Better Future

“Actions must match words" was the key phrase in the speech delivered by Presi-
dent Eduardo dos Santos at 1 May Square in Luanda on the occasion of the 10th
anniversary of the independence of the People's Republic of Angola. This is to
say that the plans approved by the MPLA=PT must be followed without modification
by all sectors of the government in order to push the country's development

and improve the people's welfare in spite of the defense effort, and this must
be done through greater discipline in labor and a campaign against practices in-
compatible with the people's interests.

The warning was clear. But in addition to all the plans, Luanda must become
more pragmatic in its international behavior if it wants to meet the goals it

has set.

This fact is now being understood by the Angolan Government, which has even
made some overtures to the United States in an effort to reverse the cycle of
a subsistence economy, which it has been virtually forced to follow.

Thus, in addition to developing the petroleum industry with Western investment,
Luanda is considering international cooperation in the development of the most
diverse sectors, from diamond mining to manufacturing and hydro-electric power

plants.

In agriculture, the government's program involves greater emphasis on private
initiative and a redistribution of arable state land in order to make this land

easier to manage.

10



"Once again I take this opportunity to thank all those who have contributed
to the construction of the Ohue and who now see their efforts, tensions
and labors compensated, This christening is the beginning of life for
this ship which, its first movements having been made in the waters of

La Spezia, will proceed to distant horizons, bearing witness to the friend-
ship that exists between the Italian and Nigerian peoples."

Following this introductory address, Commodore Nyako delivered the conclu-
ding remarks: “The ‘launching of the NNS Ohue marks a new milestone in

the friendly relations that exist between Intermarine and Nigeria's Navy.
As you know, and in the face of stiff competition, Intermarine was selected
to design and build our Navy's first group of mine hunters. And I am
pleased to announce that the Nigerian Navy's mine-hunter project has re-
ceived all the attention it deserved for the most obvious reasons.

"Naval mines represent, for all navies, a very serious danger, in that,
being highly sophisticated, their capabilities appear to exceed those of
the means used to combat them. This requires an ongoing upgrading of our
know-hows in this respect, a high degree of technological development,
and an application of the techniques specific to anti-mine defense.

“Intermarine's Research and Development and, by all means, the Italian
Navy are to be congratulated on the technological advances achieved to
date in the construction of ships specificically designed for anti-mine
countermeasures. .

"I, too, take this opportunity being given to me to thank the officials
and workers of Intermarine with regard to the level of construction at-
tained in the realization of our ships, and to state, to all concerned,
that these ships fully meet our satisfaction, and will be the envy of more

than one Navy."

The Ohue left Sarzana enroute to La Spezia where, at the Inma S.p.A ship-
yard, it will be fitted out with all the equipment necessary for its entry
into operational service as planned in January 1987. As for the Maraba,
it will be launched on 18 April, and is scheduled to be operational in

September 1987.

9399
cso: 3419/247

52



JPRS“SSA~86+062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

‘ACTION WHITE NATAL' CLAIMS INDIAN, ZULU ‘SUPPORT!

MB200719 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1929 GNT, 18 May 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 18 May, SAPA--There has been good response from blacks
and Indians in Natal to the campaign by “Action White Natal--a group which
aims at keeping Natal in white control and opposing the province's merger with
Kwazulu, a spokesman for the group said ina statement to SAPA today.

“Much to the organisers' surprise the Indian and Zulu communities, apart from
the whites, have come out in tremendous support for a separate white Natal,"
the group's executive secretary, Mr Philip Schutte, who was speaking from
Newcastle, said in the statement.

Wie said there was also “overwhelming” response from whites in Natal to the
Action White Natal meeting to be held in the Durban City Ilall tomorrow.

"They (the Indians and Zulus) see a peaceful future in Natal provided it
remains in white control without domination of one group by the other."

“The Indian community feels threatened by a black political domination, taking
into account what has happened elsewhere in Africa. Black people feel that
any system of power-sharing in Natal could lead to black domination, thus
resulting in whites leaving Natal with consequent economic results, bringing
chaos as happened in the rest of Africa," the statement said.

“As an example, they argue, that Natal without whites, especially the
Afrikaner-orientated white, will eventually lead to hunger and strife. This
line of thinking is also present with whites.”

These findings emerged from a survey by the group, in which 120,000
questionnaires were distributed in Natal during the past 10 days, said the

statement.

“The result is that since last Tuesday the replies have been streaming back to
our post box and it's expected there will be a bigger response from tomorrow,”

Mr Schutte said.

He said the group was formed on 27 February because of unhappiness among
whites over proposals for a unified Kwazulu-Natal.

/12913
cso: 3400/1793
94



JPRS«SSA*86*062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

'NETWORK' PROGRAM PANEL DISCUSSES SIGNIFICANCE OF UWUSA
MB030815 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1900 GMT 1 May 86

[Discussion between Jerry Schuytema, SABC economics editor, and Bokkie Botha,
group personnel manager of African Explosives and Chemical Industries, in
Johannesburg, and Simon Congo, general secretary of the United Workers Union
of South Africa, in Durban, on the "Network" program introduced by John
Bishop--live]

[Excerpts] [Bishop] Earlier today, a milestone was reached in South African
trade unionism at a mass rally in Durban. The United Workers Union of South
Africa, UWUSA, was founded. It is the first black trade union confederation
in favor of investment in a capitalist system. Now, to discuss the signifi-
cance of this event, economics editor Jerry Schuytema talks to Mr Simon Conco
in Durban and Mr Bokkie Botha in Johannesburg. Jerry?

[Schuytema] Thank you, John. Mr Conco, perhaps if we could go to you first.
Could you recap briefly why it was felt that there is another union or another
umbrella organisation in unions necessary, because we do have four major um-
brella unions which should cover the full spectrum.

[Conco] Well, the reason is simple. Politics have played havoc with our trade
union movement, and labor is not getting a fair deal for the subscriptions they
pay for being members. We have discerned a very wide chasm between the think-
ing of the leaders and the thinking of the ordinary member of the shop floor.
The leader is politically inspired and identifies with definite party political
+»+[changes thought] with definite party politics. For instance, COSATU
[Congress of South African Trade Unions]--As far as we have observed, from its
inception, it identified itself with the UDF [United Democratic Front] and

ANC politics. And, as if it was not enough for them to say so in words, their
most senior official traveled to Harare to pay his respects to ANC on behalf

of the laborers, the workers, who had given him no such authority.

[Schuytema] Mr Conco, we will come back to the political issues you have
mentioned in a moment. What I think would interest our viewers, and possibly
also management throughout South Africa at the moment, is: Are not you--and
we know the trauma that management had to go through in the early days of
trade unionism in South Africa, of emergent trade unionism--are not you creat-
ing another area of conflict on the workplace, a very serious area of conflict?

73



JPRS“SSA~86*062
13 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

PORTUGAL ADMITS ALLOWING RENAMO, UNITA PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 19 Apr 86 pp 1, 24

[Text] The representatives of the rebel movements in Angola and Mozambique will
continue to be able to engage in their propaganda activity in Portugal,
provided they are of Portuguese nationality. As for foreign citizens, "They
are forbidden to carry out any activity of a political nature on national
territory, specifically when it might be reflected in threats against countries
with which Portugal has diplomatic relations," according to a note from the
government generated by a request submitted by the PRD [Democratic Renewal
Party] in the Assembly of the Republic, in which Deputy Antonio Sousa Pereira
asked for an explanation of the vigilance to which the activities of individuals
associated with Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) and UNITA have been
subjected.

The deputy's request was made on 14 February and the office of the assistant
secretary of state of the MAI [Ministry of Interior] responded on 11 March,
citing, insofar as the Portuguese are concerned, No 1 of Article 37 of the
Constitution, which guarantees freedom of speech and expression of thought, as
well as the right to inform and be informed, "without obstacles or discrimina-
tion."

The note from the government adds, however, that, "The security forces and
services, specifically, the Foreigners Service, are duly qualified to act

when the hospitality which the Portuguese state guarantees for foreign citizens
and exiles is affronted."

A spokesman for RENAMO assured EXPRESSO that his movement “does not expose"
Mozambican citizens in the publicity activity that it carries out in Portugal.
As for UNITA, whose moves have been more carefully monitored by the Portuguese
authorities, it told us about a well placed informant who is often aided by
individuals residing outside of Portugal, his agency being. greatly reduced in
Lisbon, particularly sinoe some "very serious warnings" given by the Portuguese
authorities.

We may recall that, recently, extensive coverage was given to the fact that
the Angolan ambassador, Mawete Joao Baptista, submitted to the Lisbon government

34



South Africa is nevertheless
continuing with Mossel Bay’s
development as a precaution
against world fuel sanctions.

The major factor though
which makes the Kudu de-
velopment unlikely. are the;
staggering costs involved.

The spokesman: confirmed
i that it-would cost several bil--

lion Rand to build a. refinery
and create the necessary trans-
port infrastructure to move the
gas.
Informed sources:in Wind-
hoek named a figure of close to
- R3 billion needed to finance
the project.
The Minister’s office said
_ the South African government

could not afford such an
outlay. ‘
However, Namibia’s Mining
Minister, Mr Andreas Shipan-
ga, says several multi-national
corporatioris have expressed
‘their interest in co-developing;
the gas field.

cso: 3400/1749

46

Informed Windhoek
sources confirmed the interest,
but said the consortiums were
interested in obtaining , the
Kudu concession as. a

, Safeguard against an ‘energy
‘erisis comparable to that in the
1970s when the Organisation
of Petroleum Exporting Coun-
tries blockaded the United
. States because of American
support for Israel ini the 1973
: Yom. Kippur War.

It. appears that Swacor’s
South African counterpart,
Soekor, will continue its explo-
ration of the extent of the Kudu
field after conducting its
R50 000 seismic study a year
(BBO.

“. Mr Shipanga refused to con-
‘firm that the:Cabinet would
discuss the matter on the 19th
of this month, saying he could
“not :comment on matters

pending before the Cabinet”.

The Advertiser understands
that it would cost the govern-
ment about R100 million for
the final research and viability
study to be conducted.


in the presence of Commodore M. A. H. Nyako, commander of Nigeria's Western
Naval Command; the Nigerian ambassador in Italy, M. A. Ajanaku; and Italian
civil and military dignitaries. In his address, Dr Renzo Grassi, president
of Intermarine, said:

"The Intermarine company extends its greetings to all here participating
in this ceremony marking the launching of the mine-hunting ship Ohue built
for the Nigerian Navy. The launching of a ship is always a moving moment
and a motive of satisfaction for us and for our country, the satisfaction.
of having had the honor of being a supplier to the Nigerian Navy, the
satisfaction of a task successfully accomplished.

"Today's ceremony consolidates an old tradition of good relations betwéen
our company and Nigeria's Navy (the first ship we built for that country
was delivered in 1981. That was the first of 15 units designed to perform
coast guard service), and this first anti-mine ship will be followed within
a few months by the Maraba of the same type.

“The fruit of a highly sophisticated technology, the building of this type
of ship has attained a high degree of expertise on the part of both the
shipyard and Nigeria's technical commission (3 officers and 3 noncommis-
sioned officers), which monitors the construction work very closely and
whose high level of technical and operational expertise we have.been able
to appreciate. .

"The Ohue, made entirely of glass resin, is of an original technical quali-
ty unequalled anywhere in the world. Its high-performance shock-proof
characteristics--such as the ability to withstand an accidental underwater
explosion without damage to its structure, its equipment or its person-
nel--provide the fundamental quality that enables it to be used as a defen-
sive instrument of a high order at sea.

"In accordance with the specifications imposed by the Nigerian Navy, the
Ohue is the result of the most advanced technology in existence, not only
from the standpoint of its structure, as I have already mentioned, but also
from that of everything concerning its system of hunting and neutralizing
naval mines, and from that of its innovative propulsion system,

"This platform is derived directly from that of the Lerici class of mine
hunters, among the most advanced and proven units of this type in use by
the Italian Navy.

"I should point out that these new constructions are directly descended
from the oldest naval traditions of the Province of La Spezia. From the
end of 1860 on, the Italian Navy--to which we owe our thanks for having
enabled us to produce this achievement--has developed here one of its
largest bases and one of its largest arsenals, thus creating the conditions
necessary to one of the most advanced high-performance developments, from
a national as well as the international standpoint, in the science of naval
construction.

51



SIPRS*SSA*86~062
13 June 1986

NIGERIA

SPECIFICATIONS ON ITALIAN MINEHUNTER/SWEEPER ORDERED BY NAVY

Paris AFRIQUE DEFENSE in French Apr 86 pp 66-68

[Text] Founded in 1970 on the left bank of the Magra river on the Sarzana
plain near La Spezia (Italy), the Intermarine shipyard is the builder of a
new type of mine hunter/sweeper ship in service in the Italian and Malaysian
Navies and ordered by the Nigerian Navy.

This type of ship was originally conceived to meet the requirements of the
Italian Navy with respect to two fundamental objectives: One was to test the
latest high-technology facilities (sonar, navigation and automatic tracking
equipment, use of underwater vehicles for identification and neutralization
of mines, etc) aboard modernized mine sweepers; the other, to design a new
naval unit whose hull would permit approaching the new-generation naval
mines equipped with the most sensitive sensors, without activating them, or
that, in the opposite case, would, in the event of an explosion, absorb the
resulting pressure and resist the high impact of the shock wave produced,

In the case of the latter option, a difficult and complex one, the design
of this type of ship requires profound know-how in the realm of naval con-
struction. And generally speaking, the material that has been used has been
wood. The foremost of its advantages is that it presents the minimum mag-
netic signature; the use of steel, on the other hand, requires a costly and
not always effective demagnetizing system,

Borrowing from the philosophy first evolved by the British for their Hunt
class, then by the French, Dutch and Belgian naval forces for their Tripar-
tite class of ships, but well before the United States, the Italian Navy
decided to use glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GRP), as being better suited,
though more expensive, for its new anti-mine ships.

| And it contracted with Intermarine, an Italian firm specializing in the use
of this type of composite material, to build four initial units of the MHC
Lerici class, to be followed by a forthcoming new order.

Construction Details of Hull

Structured all in one block, without longitudinal or transverse reinforce-
ments other than those imparted by the decks and main watertight

47



JPRS*SSA*86~062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SITUATION NEAR LEBOWA BORDER NEAR "FLASH POINT!

Farmers Feel Threatened

MB052046 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1932 GMT 5 May 86

[Text] Steelpoort, Eastern Transvaal May 5, SAPA--Eastern Transvaal farmers
today warned that the Lebowan border was turning into a flashpoint due to
"“yiolent communist agitators" operating from the troubled homeland.

Worried and angry Steelpoort farmers, on Lebowa's eastern border, told of
their workers and vehicles being set alight and their fences being “carried

away" by starving stock raiders who made repeated sorties from the barren
homeland.

Agitators from Lebowa demanded a R1000-a-year "ANC pass" from farmers to
enter the homeland safely, said farmer Mr Christo Louw.

He knew of at least one farmer who had bought such a permit.

Four farmers’ trucks and 14 private vehicles had been burnt recently, said
neighbouring farmer Mr Paul Kluge.

"They have only necklaced blacks so far, but they are definitely going to
burn a white person one of these days," he said.

Farmers were going under as their labourers faced the necklace if they worked
for less than R5 a day--a fee farmers could not afford.

"] told my labourers I'm a farmer--not a mine which can negotiate with unions,"
said Mr Louw.

A handful of labourers stayed permanently on the farms to escape punishment.
About 18 farmers were affected by the development, which started 5 months ago.

But farmers had received threats that attacks would be carried out on their
farms.

"I'm about fifth on the priority list," Mr Louw said.

76



"But the general sense of unease about future peace suggests that all the
stops will have to be pulled out to inspire and restore optimism," Mr Rice

said.

Eighty-two per cent of respondents were married: In this category, 59 per
cent said they were not hopeful about peace compared with 39 per cent who were.

Single people (bachelor or.divorced) were equally gloomy: 55 per cent were
doubtful, against 40 per cent who answered positively.

Respondents with one child in the household took a positive approach: 51 per
cent said they were optimistic compared with 43 per cent who said they were
not.

But 64 per cent of respondents from households with four children said they .:
were not optimistic about peace, against 32 per cent who expressed doubt.

Afrikaans-speaking whites proved more pessimistic than English-speaking
citizens: 60 percent of all Afrikaans-speaking whites replied "no" to the
question, compared with 53 per cent with the same response from the other
language group.

Sixty-four per cent of Afrikaans-speaking women answered negatively compared
with 53 percent of Afrikaans menfolk.

In the English community, 58 per cent of the women were pessimistic: the men
were equally divided, with 46 per cent of the poll saying “yes” and an equal

number saying "no."

The poll revealed that 75 per cent of women with monthly incomes exceeding
R3500 said they were less hopeful for peace than they were a year ago.

In contrast, 52 per cent of men in this income bracket expressed confidence
for peace.

Overall, 59 per cent of this income group reflected pessimism, compared with
61 per cent of those earning R699 or less.

By age, lack of optimism among people in the 18-24, 25-34 and 34-49 age groups
ranged ‘between 55-60 per cent.

Of those 50 and older, half said they were not hopeful about a peaceful
future.

In Bloemfontein, 65 per cent of respondents answered negatively, in Cape Town
there was a 61 per cent negative response and in the eastern Cape/border
centres 58 per cent said "no" to the question.

In the PWV [Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereniging] area, 56 per cent of respondents
were negative and 40 per cent were positive.

/8918
CSO: 3400/1669

86



PARTIES GEAR UP TO IMPLEMENT UN RESOLUTION 435

Windhoek THE ADVERTISER in English 1 May 86 pp 1, 3

[Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

A PROGRAMME of positive action aimed at the im-
mediate implementation of UN Res 435 has been
agreed by a formidable grouping of churches, politi-
cal parties and community organisations. .

A commitment to the
programme is contained in the
Ai-Gams Declaration issued
yesterday after a two day con-
ference convened by the Coun-
cil of Churches in Namibia.

The declaration includes a

condemnation of South Afri-
ca’s delaying tactics to block
the UN plan; rejects the Transi-
tional Government as a crea-
tion of South = Afri-
ca..“imposéd on our people”;
and reaffirms commitment to
the right to self-determination,
The declaration says that as

the duly authorised represen-.

tatives .of the groups . par-
ticipating “(we) represent the
overwhelming majority of the
‘Namibian people”.

Those who have signed the
declaration are: the Evangeli-
cal Lutheran Church, the Ro-
man Catholic Church, the An-
glican Diocese of Namibia, the
African Methddist Episcopal
Church, the Methodist Church
and the CCN; the Damara and
Mbanderu Councils, the

41

NCDP, the Namibia Indepen-
dence Party, Nudo PP, Swanu
and Swapo; the Namibia ‘Na-
tional Students’ Organisation
(Nanso), the Namibian Wom-
ens’ Voice and the Young
‘Women’s Christian Associ-
ation. .

CDA leader Peter Kalangula
had to leave for Owambo be-
fore the declaration was drawn
up, but told The Advertiser it
had been a “fruitful gather-
ing”. The. declaration will be
sent to him.

The Ai-Gams conference
commits itself to:

@ mobilising and conscien-

tising the Namibian masses so
as to actively resist the status

quo;

JPRS=SSA+86=062
13 June 1986

NAMIBIA



JPRS-SSA-86-062
13 JUNE 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Portugal's Declining Involvement, Influence in Region Noted
(EXPRESSO, 25 Apr 86) .sssccsecccscccecccreccenscceseencs

Economic Consequences, by Luis Marques
Principal Exports to Africa, by Luis Marques
Fewer Diplomatic Contacts, by J. Henriques Coimbra

ANGOLA
Paper Provides Survey on Nation's Economy
(AFRICA HOJE, Mar 86) ..csccesccsecccescereccevccesseeees
Paper Reports on Expanding Cooperation With Spain
(AFRICA HOJE, Mar 86) ..cceccccccccccccvcccccecsecccccveee
Briefs
Cooperation With Sweden
EEC Aid
ETHIOPIA
Water Technology Institute Nears Completion
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 27 Apr 86) ..cecceececcececcecceces
Construction Training Complex Inaugurated
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 27 Apr 86) ..scecccccecescceccceece
Progress of Villagization, Rehabilitation Projects Noted
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 29 Apr 86) ..
LIBERIA

Private Schools Reassured of Government Protection
(NEW LIBERIAN, 28 Apr 86) ..sccccccccccccccccvcccerceceecs

-ac

uPpe

16

17

18

19

20

22



JPRS+SSA~86~062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

TOP AFRIKANER THEOLOGIAN CONDEMNS LACK OF ORDER

MB131351 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1330 GMT 13 May 86

{Text] Pretoria, 13 May, SAPA--There are times when it is the duty of the
church to say “no” in the clearest possible terms, one of South Africa's most

influential theologians said last night.

Addressing the 61st General Church meeting of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk
[Duth Reformed Church], which opened in Pretori yesterday, chairman Professor
Bart Oberholzer said it was “intolerable” that order and discipline no longer
existed in parts of South Africa.

“We say no to people who wish to undermine the authority of the government.
We also say no to those who regard love for ones fatherland, church and own
people as justification for compromise with evil. That we, Afrikaner
Christians, are constantly being maligned, is true. We are even spoken of as
criminals. But we have seen barbarism at its worst return to the land. We
are involved in a revolutionary war in which humanity and the truth are simply
ignored. The church will urge its members to treat the government with the
necessary respect, but it will also urge the government to do its duty with a
firm hand,” Professor Oberholzer told a congregation of nearly 600 delegates
and special guests.

These included the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Pik Botha, the Minister of
National Education, Mr F.W. de Klerk, Professor Carel Boshoff, Chairman of the
SA Bureau for Racial Affairs (SABRA) and the Mayor of Pretoria, Mr Steyn van

der Spuy.

Earlier, Prof Oberholzer was elected leader of the Ned Herv Kerk for the 17th
consecutive year. The rest of the office-bearers will be named today, when
the meeting proper gets underway.

Likely to cause the most discussion is the Ned Herv-Kerk's controversial
Article 3, which effectively prohibits anyone other than a white to become a
member of the church.

/12913
cso: 3400/1703

64



Principal Characteristics of Lerici-Class Mine Hunter/Sweeper [continued]

Characteristic

Versions

Italy

Malaysia

Nigeria

Crew

Armament

Equipments:

Sonar

Self-propelled
"Fish"

Mechanical sweeper

40 men

1 x 20-mm cannon

Variable-depth
FIAR SQQ-14

4 x MIN-77 SNIM and
41 x Pluto Gay Marine

Oropeas MIS-4

50

45 men

4 x L70 40-mm cannon

Thomson-CSF TSM-2022
hull sonar

2 x PAP-104 ECA
type M-IV

Oropesa MIS-4

50 men, including
5 officers, 15 non-
commissioned
officers

1 x Emerlec 30-mm man-
ual cannons 2 x Oerli-

kon GAM-BO1 20-mm
cannon

Thomson-CSF TSM-2022
Ibis V hull sonar

2 x Pluto Gay Marine

Oropesa MIS-4


SPRSa,

SSA=86«
13 Ju 'SA~86=062

ne 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

DANISH FIRMS REPORT PLANS ON CONTINUED BUSINESS INVOLVEMENT
Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Danish 3 May 86 sec 3 p 2
{Article by Erik Bendt Rasmussen]

[Text] Nilfisk closes down its marketing company, but the major Danish
concerns are awaiting the fate of the regime and new Danish legislation.
-Medications should not become a political weapon, says Novo Industry, which
provides 90 percent of diabetic South Africans with insulin.

The very large Danish concerns working in South Africa have no immediate plans
to close down their enterprises. The vacuum cleaner factory Fisker & Nielsen--
Nilfisk--has just stated that they will be closing down the marketing company
of the enterprise. The reason is reduced sales. The liquidation will cost the
company 1 million kroner.

Among the largest Danish concerns with companies and production in South Africa
are Sophus Berendsen, Novo Industry, the East Asiatic Company and Lego. All
of the concerns have their own firmly worded positions with regard to their
continued presence in South Africa. In addition, business is not going so
badly as to give reason for liquidation. Nilfik states that the pressure on
the South African government from within as well as from the outside is the
reason for the reduced sales.

The Danish parliament is in the process of preparing legislation concerning
actual trade restrictions. The intention is for the new legislation to ban
the operation of Danish-owned companies in South Africa. The bill is on its
way to the second reading.

Sophus Berendsen has for many years been doing business in South Africa through
the big subsidiary Rentokil, England. Hans Werdelin, managing director, says:

"We have no plans to close down the company in South Africa. The government

of the country is in the process of being changed, and we therefore want to

await developments and the legislation of the Danish parliament. It would be

unfortunate for the inhabitants of the large urban areas if we closed down

Rentokil, which fights rats, mice and insects, which spread disease. Last

year, we sold a wood preservation enterprise to South African interests, but
|

99



LINSU DEMANDS RELEASE OF THREE ARRESTED STUDENTS

Monrovia SUNTIMES in English 30 Apr 86 p 8

[Text]

‘ofhé” Liberia Na-
tiorial” » “Students
Union’ (LINSU) hae
said - it,-reteived
with grave concern
thé“arrest’ arid as-
tention... sf ‘three
studerits + .

The ‘thfeé were
identified - as (4.
Victor ° Chéddi arid
Michaei Pewee ‘of
the -W.V.S.- Tubman
High “School and
Throuble Suah
Koffa of “the Mon-
rovia Ceritral High
School,

According to a
release from LiN-
sU- the students
were arrested on
the campus of the
Zion Memorial Aca-
demy while distri-
buting a release
issued by the MCSS
Joint Students
Committee on the
present situation
of public school
students.

The release said
ten public school
students carried
a consignment of

releases to the
academy and deli-
vered to the Prin-
cipal, Mr. Fred
Umoja, for distri-
bution to his stu-
dents.

In the wake of
this, security men
appeared and ar—
rested three of
the students. Ac-
cording to the re-
lease, the stu-
dents had adopted
a peaceful proce-
dure without any

violent intent.
“STINSU Has frow

ed on and has ex~
pressed great in-
dignation over the
unsolocited deten-
tion of students
at G-2 which has
become "notorious
in recent times
for arbitrarily
arresting and de-
taining students
for baseless and
selfish reasons."

The release said
the situation in
Liberian schools
today is complex

24

JPRS+SSA~86-062

13 June 1986

LIBERIA

gna it requires
national concern
and understanding
void of police or
military approach.

The exposure of
helpless students
to imprisonment
and torture is
only a way of up-
grading the cha-
racter and content
of the problem,
the release said.

"As such, we do
not see the place
of the G-2 in the
solution of pro-
blem which requi-
res the demonstra—
ted expertise of
people sober and
educated in the
workings . of the
socio-economic ar=
rangement of the
Liberian Society.

"“LINSU, there-
fore, demands the
immediate release
of the three stu-
dents and calls
on all security
forces to take
their hands off
the peaceful stu-
dent community "


JPRS~ssa.
June 1

86~062
986

ETHIOPIA

PROGRESS OF VILLAGIZATION, REHABILITATION, PROJECTS NOTED

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 29 Apr 86 p 1

[Text]

(ENA) — The rehabilitation and
villagization programmes devised by
the Political Bureau of the CC of the
WPE are being satisfactorily imple-
mented across the country.

This was stated by members of the
team headed by Comrade Legesse
Asfaw, member of the Political Bureau
and secretary of the CE of the WPF,
who arrived Saturday “in the capital
after touring villagization sites and
rehabilitation centres in Gondar, Goj-
jam and Wollega regions as well as
in Gainbella province. | .

Members of the team reported that
wide-ranging “activities are under wav
wherever drought victims are being re-
habilitated in areas as diverse as agri-

culture and basic social services and that
people in these communities are im-
proving their lot. Programmes aimed
at helping make the beneficiaries of
the rehabilitation programme self-
reliant through the use of clearing
end agricultural machinery imported |
“at great foreign exchange cost have
been 70-80 per cent implemented, it
was pointed out. wo .
Team members also reported that
they were impressed by the work done
by experts deployed: at the rehsbilita-

tion and villagization sites and the’

20

development activities are diversified
although largely concentrated on the
agricultural sector. The services of the
second round vanguard cadres were
also commended.

It-was'also revealed that the benefi-
ciaries of the programme are organiz-
ed into peasants, . youth anid women's
associations and that the campaign to
eradicate illiteracy from the area visit-
ed is well under way. \

The team also appreciated the train-
ing given to the competition ixi the
fields of agriculture, water develop-
ment and basic hame-economics and
primery health care os a good beyin-
‘ning for their active participation in
‘the process of the founding of the
People’s Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia. :

* ‘The team also observed that the va:
Fious development activities launched
in the various xehabilitation sites are
intended to change for the hetter the
lives of compatriots there.

- The team headed by Comrade Leges-
gn observed during its visit to the
Gojjam region thie involvement ‘of pea-
sents in the selection af sites and the
construction of dwelling units as well
as their willingness to regroup them-
selves.

" ‘Phe’ team encouraged local party
and government officials and heads of


WORK SLOWDOWN PERSISTS AT JFK HOSPITAL

JPRS~SSA*86~062
13 June 1986

LIBERIA

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 8 May 86 pp 1, 12

[Article by Joseph Teh]

Medical doctors at
J.F.K. Medical?
Center, the nation's
largest hospital, to-
day enter their tenth
day of “go-slow"
strike in demand of
their salary arrears
due them by govern—
ment, and there: is.a
massive _pull-out of
patients by their re—
latives for lack of
medicare.

Since the start. of
the  "go-slow" last
week, JFK has seeming-
ly lost nearly all of
its patients, leaving
the hospital like an
abandoned village. Its’
corridors are cleared
of the usually heavy
crowd of patients, vi-
gitors and workers.

The action began
last week Tuesday,
when doctors and other
staff decided to g0
slow in their work in
demand of four months
salary arrears owed
them. According to
hospital sources, one
month check was recen-
tly issued each em

[Text]

32

ployee to ease the
tension, but the move
did nothing to placate
the ‘workers who are
insisting ‘on getting
all arrears béfore
resuming work. On the
On the fourth floor
where all VIPs are
treated, not a single
patient could be found.
All of the doors

to hospital rooms
had been shut and
nurses and doctors

:assigned there only

roaming about
downstainrs doing
nothing.

.By yesteday,
conditions were

even worse.

Emergency

patients that had 4
gone there for
treatment had to
return home without
seeing even a clerk
to talk to. On the
third floor's
general surgery room,
a 56-year-old man who
underwent major
surgery in February
for not being able to


asking for, demanding, my fa-
therland and my ground. And I
will get my land back and I)
will restore the Boer Repub-
lies. I will get it because I am
entitled to it, because my volk
entered into a contract with ,
my God that this land would be
retained for His glory. .

I am prepared to live in
peace with my neighbours but
think about it. Even at home
where you live there is a fence
between you and your neigh- |
bour — with whom you may be
the best of friends.

You may share a common
boundary, even a common
bond, but you cannot: share
power — it is simply not possi-
ble. Even at the level of the or-
dinary household it is difficult
to share power. Of course,
there is some sort of .under-
standing between husband and
wife but in the final analysis
the head of the household has
the ultimate power.

This constitution of PW
Botha’s is not going to work —
it can’t work. His new statutory
body for blacks is not going to
work, it’s only going to in-
crease his problems. * :

Power cannot be shared, but ;
. land can. That is why we want
: our Boer Republics back.

. It has nothing to do with;

white and black. I know of no. -
example where a white man — ,

just because he was white —
achieved anything special but
I can cite many examples of ©
where a nation (white or not)
has achieved miracles.

It was not just a white man
(Lord Nelson) who put a tele-

scope to his blind eye and said
‘ships, I see no ships’ as he pre-
pared for war. It was not the
action of a white man, it was
the action of a British subject
acting for his nation, not for his

3 race.

It was not white people who
received divine guidance and
inspiration at the battle of

. Blood River. It was a new na-

tion (volk). Those 460 people in
the laager represented the be-.
ginnings of a new nation. The
other white people had re-
mained behind in the Cape.

It was a nation that stormed

: the slopes of Majuba — not just

white people. There were other

‘ white people at the top of the

mountain, ‘but a different na-
tion. That was the difference
and still is the difference. It is
a nation (volk) that is impor-!
tant — and not the fact that
they are white.

IDENTITY

1am no racist — but I am an
Afrikaner. :

I understand black people. I
understand Buthelezi, chief of a
mighty and a proud nation. I
understand his feelings. Have

“you ever asked yourself why

Chief Buthelezi is regarded ias
a powerful leader? It is not be-
cause he is black but because

: he is a Zulu. He has the long

history, development and the
culture of an entire nation be-

y hind him.

The great masters of the arts
and literature did not draw on
their race for inspiration. It

56

came from deep-rooted hopes,
fears, ideals and a culture
which had to do with nation-
hood. Shakespeare did not
write as white man. His great
insight into human nature was
not based on race.

; He cowld sum up the
© strengths and weaknesses of
! his people, a people he was
y part of and the nation which
+ controlled his environment.

Shakespeare wrote of kings
and fools, drawing on his back-
ground as a British subject. Eu-
gene Marais wrote his Winter-

«mag as.a Boer. Both were
white and worlds apart. Their
respective works were born of

. nationalism. *

. The Government wants to

erase the identity, culture and
history of the Afrikaner. It can
be.compared to someone who

f suddenly loses his memory and

‘ has no past — all he has is the
present with no idea how or
even why he came to exist.
Such a person cannot possibly

: be happy and fulfilled. Then
imagine that person in a
strange city, lost and unable to
find his way home. That is the
feeling che Government is
creating and forcing on Afri-
kaners. If a nation (volk) loses
its history and its culture then

| it loses its memory.

And someone who has lost
his memory does not only lose
yesterday — he does not know

; where to go tomorrow and that

is the most important aspect of
all.

It would be the death of any
nation.”


[Conco] No. We do net think that way. As a matter of fact, we expect no
conflict, at least not from our part. We are definitely not going to be in-
volved in ‘a conflict of any kind. We believe that the unions which believe

in solving their problems through confrontation have a right, have a democratic
right, to express their feelings, express their views,.to the public, and we
who believe in negotiation and exhausting all channels of getting redress have
a democratic right to express our views in public.

[Schuytema] Mr Conco, I would like to bring in Mr Botha at this stage. Mr
Botha is it not so, though, if one does look at how unions do compete for
membership, management does get squeezed.

[Botha] Oh, certainly. I think that this is one of the concerns that I
think many employers have about the formation of UWUSA. I think that many em-
ployers obviously are quite impressed with the antidisinvestment. stance of
UWUSA, but those of us who have gone through competition between trade unions
on the shop floor know what it is like to deal with it and certainly, we have,
speaking for my own organization, we have had conflict between competing trade
unions, and very often we. find ourselves in difficult situations, because they

have been fighting it out for membership.

[Schuytema] Is not, though, the formation of UWUSA--especially if you look at
its constituency in trying to promote the concept of free enterprise--a terrible
indictment on. management on not being able to show the benefits of free enter-
prise to its workers? .

[Botha] Yes, that may be so. There are certainly enormous criticisms of
management not having been able to sell free enterprise, and many employers
have launched into campaigns, possibly a little late, to show that. I think
that we have got to look at the situation within the context of the South
African sociopolitical situation. Many workers see, have a perception, that
management has profited through apartheid and through supporting the apartheid
system, and so,it is not surprising that many of them have that view.

[Schuytema] Mr Conco, the formation of UWUSA--would you say that does reflect,
though, from your perception, a grassroots support for the free enterprise
system among South African workers?

[conco] Yes, it does. The black workers has not benefited in any way from
the free enterprise system, as of now. But the workers, at least those who
think like us, think that the fact that the black people have not. benefited
as they would like to from the free enterprise system does not mean that the
system itself is bad per se. Now, the alternative that is given to us by the
unions in the COSATU grouping, for instance, is not at all attractive to. us,
because it is not clear to us what it is going to achieve. What it seems to
us it will achieve, is that it will destroy the economy of this country. And
once the economy of this country is destroyed, we are not being told how the
economy would be revived.

[Schuytema] Mr Conco, can we just go back to Mr Botha. Are not all umbrella
organizations from your experience naturally lending themselves towards the

74



MUSLIM SECT ASKED TO HALT ACTIVITIES

Monrovia THE MIRROR in English 2 May 86 p 8

[Text]

/13104

The "Tijani Mus-
lim Brother" here
has been ordered
to suspend all ac-
tivities, in-
cluding propagat-
ing and admi-
nistering oath on
the Holy Koran as
a means of repen-
tance until a dis-
pute surrounding
their operation is
investigated.

The order, which
was issued by the
acting chairman of
the National Mus-
lim Council of Li-
beria, Alhaji
Sekou Bility came
in the wake of a
dispute involving
Alhaji Mo-
hammed Sheriff and
the Ima of the
“pj jani Muslim
Brother," alhaji
Abdullah Tunnis.

In a letter to
Mujeeb Rhaman Kaw-
wah, chairman of
the Tijani Muslim
Brother, Alhaji
Bility urged the
group to heed the
council's mandate
until investig-
tigation into the
matter is conclu-

cso: 3400/1807

ded.

The council,
which is presently
probing into the
case is to submit
its findings and
recommendations to
the Vice President
of Liberia for fi-
nal discision.

Mr. Kawah and
his group however,
been told to carry
out their normal
daily worship ser-
vices.

In another let-
ter, Mr. Bility
has instructed Al-
haji Sheriff and
members of his
group not to en-
gage in “provoca-
tive act" that
would disrrupt
peace and harmony
in the muslim com-
munity.

The Tijani Mus-
lim Brother is a

new breed of
young muslims
whose trend of
worship include

the administration
of oath on the
Holy Koran as a
means of repen-
tance. The group
claims membership
of more than five
hundred persons.

26

JPRS«SSA*b0" Ve
13 June 1986

_ LIBERIA


JPRS*SSA~86*062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SOLIDARITY MP CRITICIZES TV COVERAGE OF INDIANS ‘
MB131636 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1541 GMT 13 May 86

[Text] House of Delegates, 13 May, SAPA--When a “darkey" like the Chairman of
the Ministers Council, Mr Amichand Rajbansi, spoke at the speech day of a
private school it was news and the SABC should report it, Mr Pat Poovalingam
(Sol [Solidarity] Reservoir Hills) said in the house today.

Speaking in the debate on the foreign affairs vote, he said Mr Rajbansi's
speech yesterday had the "ring of truth" when he criticised the SATV's news
coverage.

In the first place, the SABC had ignored Mr Rajbansi when he spoke at a
private school recently.

"When a darkey speaks at the speech day of a private school, it is news, but
the SABC ignored it. And when a darkey, a coolie boy, speaks in the white
house of Assembly in support of a bill, it is news,” he said.

Clearly, the SABC's management was at fault because the board of governors
would not be involved in day-to-day operations of the service.

“I£ the SABC comes to parliament to ask for money, we in Solidarity will join
with the majority party in refusing it."

The Indian population was 20 percent that of the Afrikaners, yet there was
daily beaming of Afrikaans programmes on television.

Because the SATV showed hardly anything of other cultures, people thought all
Indians were stereotypes, either waiters or shopkeepers.

“Let the people of the country get to know each other and let TV be a medium
to educate them about each other," Mr Poovalingam said.

The Chairman of the Ministers Council, Mr Amichand Rajbansi, said criticism in
the house was not directed at ministers or at the SABC's board of governors.
He appealed to the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Ron Miller, to
consider greater coverage for Indian cultural affairs. “If you make a mockery
of our culture, we will be upset,” he said.

92



borders that already enjoy considerable influence within the country-~an influ-
ence that tends to intensify in the measure that support for the Portuguese
language declines.

If Portugal and its former colonies continue on their present course, it will
not be long until Lisbon finally loses everything of a seemingly lasting charac
ter that it left behind after a 400-year presence in Africa.

10992
CSO: .3442/212



political issues, because they are so far removed, in any case, from workshop
issues, from the real issues on the work floor?

[Botha] Yes, I think so, I think that this is one of the interesting things
about Mr Conco's comments about UWUSA. Of course, UWUSA has to a large extent
been formed under the umbrella of Inkatha, and that of course is a political
organization too, if I understand it correctly.

[Conco] Of course, there is nothing wrong with workers being involved in
politics, but there is everything wrong with workers being led along certain
party-political lines which are divisive if the workers do not share the same
political ideology. So it is just as well that we should not maintain this
marriage, these fellow travelers traveling the same direction but to different
destinations.

[Botha] But is Mr Conco's UWUSA not in fact also bring politics onto the
shop floor?

{Conco] We have never denied that politics are part of life in South Africa.
As a matter of fact, the dividing line between what is taking place on the
shop floor and politics is very thin, indeed, because we are all manipulated
by politics in this world. So, we feel once ideology comes into the picture,
then we have problems, because...[change thought] most of our members were
once members of COSATU, and we have been encouraging them to be members of
FOSATU [Federation of South African Trade Unions], which is the forerunner of
COSATU. We....

[Schuytem, interrupting] Mr Conco, I am sorry we have to stop there. I am
afraid we have run out of time. Thank you, gentlemen, Mr Botha and Mr Conco.
Good night.

/8918
cso: 3400/1669

“75



[Dhlamini] Yes. - Perhaps what I would say. is that there is definitely a need
for a bill of. rights in South Africa, especially because in the past the number
of people especially. people of color, have been discriminated against in a num-
ber of laws which were quite unjust. And perhaps this is one of the things
which some of the people who are now against a bill of rights are saying. They
say that, of course, we cannot have a bill of rights now being implemented in
South Africa, when there are so many laws which are discriminatory on the
statute. But I personally feel that if we cannot have a bill of rights now, I
do not see that we will be able to have a bill of rights in future. Why?
Because I believe that. if you want to have a bill of rights, you must actually
create in the minds of the people a feeling that they really need a bill of
rights, that a bill of rights is there to protect their interests, or their
rights as such, and they must have the respect for that bill of rights. And for
a long time in South Africa there has not been. such a bill of rights, and es-
pecially blacks have been so far singled out for discriminatory treatment. Now,
what is going to happen is that, if perhaps on the verge of transfer of power,
if there is something like that, what we are going to have is that if you
suggest a bill of rights for a black government, for instance, they will simply
say: Well, I mean, it is not acceptable for them, because it is there to pro-
tect the interests of the white minority group in South Africa. And so I think
that if it were possible, the best time to implement a bill of rights would be
now, so that at least people should get used to it, should respect a bill of
rights, and then... {changes thought ]--because-I. believe that abil of- rights

is there not only to protect the white interests, or the black interests, and
that is why I am for it. I believe that ultimately, even if perhaps at the
moment one group or the other has the benefit, but ultimately the bill of rights
is going to be in the interests of all people of the country, whatever govern-
ment is in power, because the problem that we are going to have, even if there
is a change of government, is that power is always a perennial problem. Any
government can abuse its powers, and sort of infringe the rights of individuals.
Therefore, if you have an instrument which intrenches those rights, then you
have a better. safeguard than perhaps trusting in the people who are in power.

{Bishop] Professor Dhlamini, let me cross-examine you a little on that, to
use a court phrase. What- makes you think that if a bill of rights is intro-
duced before what you call a change of government, that would be accepted by
a new government?

[Dhlamini] I am saying that it would be accepted not necessarily by the new
government itself, but by the people as such. In other words, if the people
have come to realize that the bill of rights. is there for them, it is. protect-
ing their interests, then the people can be able to control the government, in
the sense that government cannot do what it likes, because they will be afraid
of the people as such. * But I cay that if people have not come to that, they
will be conditioned to the position as it is at the moment; they will be con-
ditioned to a situation of. sort of subservience and fear. Then, what happens
is that, whatever the government does, the new government does, it can do
anything, they cannot do anything, they cannot stand up against the government
and say: We do not want that. So, that is my viewpoint. And this is
actually what has happened in Africa. On the eve of independence, the politi-
cal leaders were always emphasizing the rights of the individual, the freedom
of the individual. But after independence, what we have seen is a different

81



the cultural and recreational sphere (television, motion pictures, education) --
areas in which Madrid is already quite influential.

“Wagering on the Future" also means being aware of the real difficulties in-
volved in negotiating with countries whose production apparatus is partially
paralyzed and which are experiencing an almost generalized economic crisis,
involving problems in respect to payments and so forth. More than an obstacle,
however--still according to Leite Araujo--these difficulties constitute an
incentive, "because," he says, "whoever makes use of the current difficulties

to get in on the ground floor will remain on the scene into the future, at which
time these countries will reveal the enormous economic potential that they
possess."

Difficulties Do Not Explain Everything

“However paradoxical it may seem," Antonio Silva adds, "the present-day eco-
nomic, political, and financial realities of those African countries whose
official language is Portuguese are not well understood by us."

This lack of information also exists in connection with the projects financed
by international entities--projects which, as a general rule, Portuguese firms
learn about only when they are contacted by foreign firms and asked to serve as
subcontractors because of their familiarity with the territory.

Can it be that the often-cited financial difficulties with which Portugal has
struggled in recent years are responsible for this ignorance of present-day
African reality?

“These difficulties," Leite Araujo answers, "explain part of the problem but do
not explain everything. For example, they do not explain why Portugal is
systematically excluded from competitive bidding financed by international
lending institutions, nor do they explain why our country does not have an
embassy in the Ivory Coast, where the African Development Bank has its headquar-
ters and through which much of this competitive bidding and funding is routed."

Jose Manuel Rolo adds, for his part: "The relative value of the budgetary
allocations destined for Portuguese cooperation with the countries of Africa-~
even taking everything into account--is the lowest among all those European
countries that maintain significant relations of cooperation with countries of
the so-called Third World."

Between 1979 and 1984 the expenses borne by the Economic Cooperation Institute
totaled on the average only 228,000 contos per year. Another form of financing
has been the opening of lines of credit, the accumulated value of which is
currently 70 million contos. Government-to-government loans total almost 2
million contos. According to Jose Manuel Rolo, the use of lines of credit~-the
most widely employed form of financing--"appears to have reached its limit."
The alternative?) "A system of financing," he ventures unhesitatingly, "that is
not made so contingent on the commercial prospects for cooperation."



JPRS“SSA*86~062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

TELEVISION PANEL DISCUSSES BILL OF RIGHTS
MBO71620 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1930 GMT 6 May 86

{Discussion between Mr Justice J.M. Didcott,. Natal Provincial Division of the
Supreme Court in Durban; Professor Charles: Dhlamini, ‘head of the Department of
Criminal and Procedural Law at the University of Zululand in Durban; and. Pro-
fessor Marinus Wiechers of the Department of Constitutional and International
Law at the University of South Africa, in Johannesburg, moderated: by John
Bishop an introduction by Michelle Alexander on the "Network" program--video
taped]

[Excerpts] [Alexander] A few days ago at the University of Pretoria a sym-
posium on a bill of ‘rights for South Africa was presented by the faculty of
law under the auspices of the Society of University Teachers of Law. Amongst
the distinguished speakers were the honorable Mr Justice Didcott, Professor
Charles Dhlamini, and Professor Marinus Wiechers. We invited them to the
studio early this afternoon to discuss the feasibility of a bill of rights
for South Africa.

[Bishop] Gentlemen, thank you very much for joining us. Before we really
get into the debate, can we hear briefly your comments on the issue of a bill
of rights for South Africa? Frist Mr Justice Didcott.

{[Didcott] A bill of rights, I think, must be distinguished from a political
Program. The function of a bill of rights really is to be a shield rather
than a sword. It is protective. It doesn't proclaim details of policy. It
ensures that everyone will be free to organize his own political party and to
solicit support for it’and to vote for it in order to give effect to his pro-
grams and that that right will not be taken away by those who have power for
the time being and, of course, that he will not be discriminated against or.
have his basic rights interferred with in any way.

[Bishop] Thank you very much. Professor Dhlamini, your view?

[Dhlamini] Well, yes, a bill of rights obviously is an instrument that is
there to protect the rights of the individual, especially against the infrac-
tion by the executive and erosion by legislature. So it is there to protect
the rights of the individual, or protect the rights which an individual has
against those who are more powerful than him.

79



[Robinson] Briefly, then, what about own affairs?

{Van Wyk] Own affairs, under the constitution, are structured very
differently. Last May the government announced that own affairs
administrations will be decentralized. But those are quite different from
these provincial administrations. ,

[Robinson] Doctor, I must admit I still cannot see how the principle of
devolution of power is actually going to become a reality in this new
dispensation. Would you say, in other words, that these new provincial
administrations will in fact have more power than the old provincial councils
which are to be abolished?

{Van Wyk] Mr Robinson, one has to see the whole picture here. This is not a
simple, single step. There is a whole process involved here. On the one
hand, one has the local authorities and genuine attempts are being made--and I
believe successfully--to hand over more power to these local authorities.
Then there is the extension of local administration by the adding of new
sources of income like regional services councils. There is also the whole
massive process of handing over decisionmaking from the central government to
the provinces and to the local authorities. So it is really a process, and
one has to see it as a whole.

[Robinson] In the past, a particular member of the executive committee of the
provincial government was responsible for local government. Now, what is
going to happen in future to ensure liaison between the local authorities of
whatever population group and the new provincial administration?

{Van Wyk] I am sorry, I missed the point of question.

{Robinson] The question is about liaison between the new provincial
administrations and the local authorities. As you know, in the past there was
a particular member of the executive committee responsible for local
authorities. What will be the position in the future?

{Van Wyk] Well, as you know, local authorities, according to the
constitution, are own affairs in principle. But there are also general
aspects where the regional services councils will come into play. And at
present, the system is not completely uniform for all the provinces. So in
the new system, where one also has a new form of decisionmaking in the
executive committee as well, a scheme will have to be evolved--call it a
tradition, perhaps-~which will perhaps differ from one province to another.

{Robinson] Doctor, one issue that is causing considerable concern at present
is that the government is set on introducing a whole new system of local
government which is going to be an integral part, and a necessary part, of the
new dispensation as far as liaison between provincial administrations and the
central government. But up to now it seems that there is tremendous a
‘opposition to the regional services councils, and that the black authorities
who are supposed to be an essential part of these regional services councils
are under great pressure. Is it then wise to introduce a new system of second

90



SJPRS*SSA~86«062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT CONSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE EXPLAINED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 May 86 p 17
[Article by David Braun)

[Text] .

CAPE TOWN — The Government's constitutional structure is a
complex network of institutions and specialised functions designed
‘to maintain group, and therefore white, sovereignty. '
From a line chart, the great number of institutions and func-
“tlonaries which make up the system’s two pillars can be seen.
2? On one side are the “own affairs” group of organisations.
2 These start with the ethnic primary local authorities for each of
‘the four major population groups — blacks, whites, coloured people
‘and Indians.: .
For these to exist as ethnic entities there must be segregated
“residential areas, or group areas, for the different races. * .
: "he residents in each area elect their own primary local authorj-
ties which, in turn, will render certain services unique to those
“areas (for example, cultural matters and local environment).
: “+ Schools, hospitals and certain other services and amenities are
"also deemed to be own affairs in terms of the Constitution.
But, as these cannot be administered by local authorities, they
‘re handled at central level by a variety of institutions.
“The own affairs of whites, coloureds and Indians are adminis-
‘ tered at central level by separate administrations.
For blacks the situation is somewhat more complex as black
affairs are considered to be general affairs to be governed by the
+ State President (who has special responsibilities for blacks in
terms of the constitution) and various general affairs Ministries,
* especially education and development aid...
rovisions for prban blacks to assume responsibility for the ad-
“ministration of their own affairs at central level is still to be
negotiated but the affairs of blacks living in the self-governing
states are administered by the respective homeland governments.

& OWN AFFAIRS LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERS

White, coloured and Indian affairs are governed respectively by -

the three Houses of Parjiament acting as own affairs legislative
ghambers.
("The various administrations do not operate entirely separately
as there are several liaison committees to co-ordinate their activi-
ties broadly (for example education Ministers meet regularly to
co-ordinate standards).

' Each of the administrations is run by a Ministers’ Council, the *
members of which have the same status as Cabinet Ministers. :

58



nation} said anoth-

ere ePresident
only has to call
for past records
to put himself in
a position to ap-
preciate the eno-
rmity of the abuse.
What used to ob-
tain was the pro-
ceeds coming to
the ministry in
bits to a point
and then sharing
back the rest. It
was a syndrome.
"Infact the on-
ly time when mon-
ey has been paid ~
in full from pro=-
ceeds totalling
Le 9 million was
the recently con-
cluded Eric James :
rice sales."

/13104
cso: 3400/1809

54

It is not yet
known whether Pre-
sident Momoh will
give in to demands
from Development
for the retention
of the PL 480 :
administration but:
sources very con-
versant with the
operations of the
programme agree
that the President's
desire to achieve
results and exone--
rate himself from
the pending indict-
ment of history
will force him to
stick to his dire -
tive of removing
the administration
of that programme
from .the Develop-
ment Ministry.


SJPRS«“SSA+86-062
13 June 1986

ANGOLA

PAPER REPORTS ON EXPANDING COOPERATION WITH SPAIN
Lisbon AFRICA HOJE in Portuguese Mar 86 p 36

[Text] Spain is beginning to fill the vacuum in the areas normally reserved

for Portuguese cooperation with Portuguese-speaking African countries. This
past February, Fernando Ordonez, Spanish minister of foreign trade, visited
Senegal, the Ivory Coast, and Angola (see "Letter from Madrid" by Manuel Lopes
in this issue), a trip reflecting growing Spanish interest in Africa, where it
once had two colonies (Equatorial Guinea and Sahara). Upon his return to Madrid,
Ordonez announced the imminent visit, of King Juan Carlos to Luanda, and. he also
announced unconditional Spanish support for Angolan positions. condemning
apartheid and refusing to recognize UNITA in any way.

A general cooperative agreement already exists between the two countries and
is slated to be strengthened at the next meeting of the Joint Commission.
Angola has requested greater cooperation with Spain, especially in the areas
of technology, culture and health. i :

Recently the balance of trade has been 4,5:1 in favor of Angola, but Madrid
wants a more equitable balance. Thus additional loans may be approved to
finance Spanish exports. In recent years Spain has extended some $200 million
in loans to Luanda.

In the area of oil, where low prices are plunging Angola into a serious economic
crisis, Angola has just awarded Hispanoil, the Spanish state-owned oil company,
the right to explore for oil on Block 5 off central Angola. In addition,
Madrid has proposed that Angola award Hispanoil rights to prospect for oil on
Block 3, which was recently abandoned by Mobil Oil, a North American Company
(see Economy and Business--Angola: A Potential Economic Giant).

8844/12232
CSO: 3442/204

16



HOPES DASHED FOR ECONOMIC BOOST FROM KUDU GAS

Windhoek THE ADVERTISER in English 9 Apr 86 pp 1, 4

[Article by Jim Freeman]

[Text]

‘HOPES THAT the Kudu gas field could

provide a major boost for the Namibian
economy were dashed for the foreseeable
future today despite seismic indications
that the field could be richer than the Brit-

ish North Sea gas fields.

Knowledgeable sources of
The Advertiser who preferred
to remain anonymous, thie
office of South African Miner-
al and Energy Affairs Minister ;
and sources within the Namib- '
ian exploration group, Swacor,
agree that the Kudu field is un-
likely to be developed unless an -
international ~ “fuel ' boycott
forces South Africa to turn to
Namibian resources to meet its
energy requirements.

A spokesman for the SA
Minister’s office told The Ad-
vertiser this morning that the
Kudu field would probably
never be developed unless
South Africa became the lead-
ing purchaser of the gas.

The present rock-bottom
world oil price, and the high
costs of liquified gas produc-
tion, refining and export, give
strong cause to doubt that an

“alternative energy resource
would be needed this century.
“There's no movement in
this direction at present, and I
can’t see-it happening before
the turn of the century,’ the
spokesman in Cape Town said.
He added that South Africa
would probably never create an
energy infrastructure based on
gas in its natural form, as has
been done in several European
and North American cities, as
this would be too expensive.
It has been reported from

South Africa thatthe tow price:

and vast international surplus
of oil has made it unprofitable
to develop the gas of the Cape's
Mossel Bay field — whose ex-
tent is believed to be a minute
fraction of the Kudu resource.

45

JPRS«SSA*86~062
13 June 1986

NAMIBIA



Principal Characteristics of Lerici-Class Mine Hunter/Sweeper

Versions
Characteristic Italy Malaysia Nigeria
Total length 49.98 meters 51.00 meters 51.00 meters

Length between perpen-
diculars

Maximum breadth at deck
Oraft

Light displacement
Total load displacement

Diesel engine comple-
ment

Maximum installed power

Main propulsion system

Speed at maximum power

Mine-hunt propul-
sion system power

Sweep speed
Mine-hunt speed

Electric-power-genera-
ting diesel engines

Electric power genera-
ted

Range at 12 knots

Ship stores capacity

9.56 meters 9.00 meters

2.63 meters 2.75 meters

520 metric tons 540 metric tons

1 x GMT B230 BM 2 x MTU 396TC82

1,176 kW 1,760 kw

1 x variable-
pitch propeller

1 x variable-
pitch propeller
15 knots 16 knots

3 x 88 kW (hydrau-
lic motors)

2 x 88 kul (hydrau-
lic motors)

0 to 7.5 knots 0 to 7 knots

2 x BRIF ID 36SS

and 1 x BRIF ID 36N 4 x mu s96TCs2

2 x 250 kul and

1x 150 kw 4 x 250 kw

2,500 nautical miles 2,000 nautical miles

12 days 14 days

Continued _on_next. page

49

46.52 meters

9.65 meters
2.60 meters
540 metric tons

560 metric tons
2:x MTU 12 V 396TC83

2,070 kW

2 x Termomeccanica
PG 1000 hydrojets

15.5 knots

Same as that of main
propulsion system

10 knots

0 to 7 knots

2 x MTU BY 396TCS3

2 x 300 kl

2,500 nautical miles

14 days



73 °87884-86-062
June 1986

Electrified Border Fence Requested

¥B091816. -Johannesburg SAPAin English 1741 GMT 9 May 86

[Text] Steelpoort, May 9, SAPA--The installation of an electrified fence
along the Lebowa border to repel agitators and thieves was proposed by eastern
Transvaal farmers during a meeting with the minister of manpower, Mr Pietie
du Plesis, and police and SADF officials in Steelpoort today.

The Vorentoe Steelpoort Farmers Association met the government delegation to
ask for protection against--and a solution to--the "sustained intimidation
and thievery" by a section of the impoverished Lebowa population.

Farmers said this week agitators from across the Steelpoort River, which
formed the border between South Africa and the homeland, "necklaced" their
workers, burned thier vehicles, stole cattle and crops and generally made the
farmers lives miserable.

A farmer, Mr Paul Kluge, of Grootboom, said after today's closed meeting that
police had promised reinforcements and an escort for their children's school-
bus.

“Communist agitators," who tried to enforce higher wages for labourers by attacking
workers who worked for less than R5 a day, had threatened to attack farmers on
their own land, farmers said.

Mr Kluge said farmers handed Mr du Plessis--who is their MP--a memorandum about
their plight, and an electrified fence was among the proposals mooted.

"Now well wait a week or two to see how the authorities react," he said.

Mr Du Plesis said this afternoon from Lydenburg he would consider the
suggestions contained: in the memorandum.

"It was a positive meeting and the farmers are calm. There is no reason for
concern," he said.

Committees would be formed for future liaison between the farmers and the
authorities, Mr Du Plessis said.

The Steelpoort farming community cultivate some 15 farms which lie sandwiched
between the Steelpoort river and a mountain running alongside it.

Across the river, on the Lebowa side, a shrubby plain of several kilometres

stretches to another mountain ridge, which harbours a narrow strip of dwellings
--the first of the many little villages found between the Lebowa mountains.

/8918
cso: 3400/1669

78



Grain production has never attained pre-independence levels, and this is not
only due to the flight of foreign settlers, the majority of whom were Portuguese,
but also to poor management and unfavorable weather in recent years. Thus the
average crop of 547,000 tons in 1974-76 fell to 335,000 tons in 1984, and accord-
ing to FAO, the grain shortfall will be 300,000 tons in 1984-85. Of this,
217,000 tons will have to be obtained through imports and the remaining 83,000
tons through food aid.

In January, Bradford Morse, administrator of the UN Development Agency, reported
that Angola, Mozambique, the Cape Verde Islands, Sudan, Ethiopia and Botswana
will receive almost all (over 80 percent) of emergency food aid earmarked for
Africa in 1986.

In the mining sector, plans have been announced to resume prospecting for dia-
monds, particularly with the participation of the Sociedade Portuguesa de In-
vestimentos and iron ore under Cassinga projects written by Austromineral, a
Voest-Alpine subsidiary. Prospecting will also be resumed for Kindonakasi
phosphate in Zaire Province by Fosfang, a state~owned company set up for this
purpose in 1980. Bulgareomina, a Bulgarian firm, which has begun producing

200 million tons of high-quality phosphates in this province, has been in opera-
tion since 1982.

But Angola has much more mineral wealth, such as hematite and manganese, to
mention only these two minerals, in addition to other assets, such as tourism
and hydroelectric. power, which could be brought into play if the political
situation were normalized.

Since Angola continues doing business primarily with the West, in spite of its
political links with the East bloc, it is only natural that Luanda should
accept initiatives from the so-called capitalist world in order to realize its
development plans.

It is reported that the United States is the principal buyer of Angolan pro-
ducts, importing a total of $1.01 billion CIF in 1984, mainly oil. The Bahamas,
Brazil, the United Kingdom and Spain also purchased oil.

In imports, Portugal continues in first place in spite of erratic relations
between Lisbon and Luanda, which have mainly revolved around UNITA's alleged
activities in the Portuguese capital.

But the list of potential suppliers is becoming larger and larger, sufficing
it to mention the United States, France, Spain, the Netherlands, and Sweden,
who are also making development aid offers. Portugal must therefore assume a
more aggressive attitude toward Angola on the governmental level as well as in
private initiatives, if it wants to maintain its position which, after all, is
in its own interest.

The participation of some 20 French companies in technical and consulting trips
to discuss industrial rehabilitation and maintenance in Luanda from 1 March
through 8 March 1986, is indicative of international interest in Angolan poten-
tial. The French Foreign Trade Center and French Economic Expansion Services
also took part in these visits.

11



JPRS

“SSA=86406,
June 1996 2

SIERRA LEONE

PRESIDENT MOMOH TO PROBE HANDLING OF U.S. AID PROGRAM

Freetown THE NEW CITIZEN in English 5 May 86 pp 1, 6

[Text]

Shocking revela-
tions await the Pre-
sident General J.5.
Momoh if he goes
ahead to probe into
past handlings of
the American For-
eign Aid Programme,
commonly known as
PL 480, and from
all indications from
the Ministry of De-
velopment and Econo—
mic Planning a
brass of that =
st may not escape
humiliations and
embarrassments.

‘Speculations
that the President
may initiate investi-
gations into the
PL 480 programme
persisted lest; week
with the rumours
that a very top
official of the
Development Mini-
stry hes written
to State House pro-
testing against the
rresident's deci-~
sion to transfer
the administration
of the programme,
and, for that matt-

53

er, all foreign aid
Megotiations to the
office of the newly
created National
Aid Co-ordinating
committee headed

by Mr. P.L. Tucker.

The protest is
said to have in-
‘sisted on PL 480
administration
staying with the
‘Development Mini-
stry because it is
part of their nor-
mal schedule of du-
ties.

Said an offici-
al of the Ministry
of Economic Plann-
ing. and Develop-
ment: "The PL 480
programme was the
most abused item
by top officials
in this Ministry
for years. People
just made vouchers
and claims for bo-
gus projects which
were paid for with-
out verification
of their actual
implementation.

"A few people
actually benefitt—
ed instead of the



Television Panel Discusses Bill of Rights
(Johannesburg Television Service, 6 May B6) cecececvecevees 79

Polls Show Pessimism Among Urban Whites on Future Peace
(SAPA, 10 May 86) ..

eccccccceceeccscccsscsessccsess 89

National Party MP Discusses Power Sharing
(SAPA, 12 May 86) soscceccscccessresccrerersrerersrerecere® 87

New Provincial Government System Discussed
(Andreas van Wyk Interview; Johannesburg Television

Service, 12 May 86) ....- vecceccccccssccecescscceces 88
Solidarity MP Criticizes TV Coverage of Indians

(SAPA, 13 May 86) sscsccceceesecees see cveecececeeess 92
"Action White Natal' Claims Indian, Zulu ‘Support’

(SAPA, 18 May 86) .eeeweeseeneeecerce 94
PFP Launches New Campaign To Counter Right-Wing Forces

(SAPA, 20 May 86) sevee cece cece eer reeeeeeeene 95
Briefs

ASSOCOM on National Council 96

"Negative Migration Trend' es 96

Eglin on Tricameral System 96

Ban on.CAPE TIMES Lifted ae 97

Survey Sees Buthelezi ve 5 97

Bonus for NUM Members 97

"Net Loss of Immigrants’ 97

Second-Tier Government Discussed 98

ECONOMIC

Danish Firms Report Plans on Continued Business Involvement
(Erik Bendt Rasmussen; BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 3 May 86) «2.4. 99

Briefs 1
Danish Parliament Weighing Shipping Ban 101

/7310



SPRS-SSA~86~062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

REPORTAGE ON VIOLENCE AT CROSSROADS TOWNSHIP

Police Accused of Taking Sides
MB220553 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2123 GMT 21 May 86

[Text] Cape Town, 21 May, SAPA--The director of the Board of Social
Responsibility, Rev Syd Luckett, today alleged that armed police in
plainclothes were “mixing with witdoeke [white scarves] from Crossroads.”

Mr Luckett, who has been involved in negotiations to restore peace at
Crossroads, was speaking at a lunchtime protest meeting at the University of
Cape Town attended by about 900 students.

Responding to the new allegations today, Police Liaison Officer for the
Western Cape, Capt Jan Calitz, said he "categorically denied that police were
taking sides in the Crossroads conflict.”

According to Mr Luckett, two days ago he passed two road blocks in crossroads
manned by vigilantes “while the police stood by.”

“When I came out of Crossroads from the SACLA Clinic I came across a group of
witdoeke. Three heavily armed white men were with them,” he said.

“Yesterday I again encountered the three white men and when I asked them what
they were doing there they produced their police identification cards," Mr
Luckett said.

Mr Luckett told reporters he was willing to file an affidavit backing his
allegations and that he knew the names of some of the men. He further alleged
that “whenever the police intervened in the conflict in Crossroads it was on
the side of the witdoeke versus the youth.”

Mr Luckett told students that “very subtle” intervention by the authorities in
“Crossroads in the past had become quite blatant. He pointed out that the
conflict in Crossroads "fitted in well with the government strategy to
demolish Crossroads.”

Outlining the history of the squatter camp he said that in 1981 new squatter
settlements had started on the edge of Crossroads, such as Ngawga Bush and
recently the Portlands Cement Community.

70



113104
C80:

3400/1807

the release said.

Meanwhile, the
release. said it
has received. news
of the arrest .of
students in Fire-
stone, Kakata,
Gbarnga ..and in

other parts of the

country.

25



JPRS*SSA+86-062
13 June 1986

There were good reasons for the phrasing of such dictums as "an eye for an
eye” and “fight fire with fire.” post fon

ECC Protests Raids at Pietermaritzburg
MB210657 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2052 GMT 20 May 86

[Text] Pietermaritzburg, 20 May, SAPA--Police kept a close watch on members
of the End Conscription Campaign in Pietermaritzburg today when they took to
the city's streets to picket in protest against the South African raids on
targets in Harare, Gaborone and Lusaka yesterday.

Several riot squad policemen were seen questioning the picketers, allegedly
asking them their names and addresses, and a number of their vehicles were
patrolling the streets in the area.

The ECC reported that their national secretary, Mr David Chandler, was taken
to the police station for refusing to give the police his address. He was
later released.

The picketers held placards during the afternoon rush~-hour bearing slogans
such as “negotiate, don't raid,” “SADF wat maak jy nou" [SADF, what are you
doing now], "Has SA declared war?", “raids are no solution,” and “stop SADF

raids."

Aman, standing next to one of the picketers with a piece of cardboard saying
"Botha knows whats good for SA (and so say all of us)," was seen by reporters
waving to the police and laughing. A policeman in a patrol van laughed and

waved back.

A spokeswoman for the ECC, Miss Jackui Boulle, said: "The picket was very
successful," but added that members of the public tore up two of the placards.

She said the picket was a protest against the “absolutely indefensible raids”
yesterday. “The raids on and into neighbouring states are no solution to the
country's internal conflict and serve only to escalate violence internally and
on South Africa's borders.”

"Young white males are being forced by law to participate in the atrocities.
This is a violation of their rights. The ECC remains committed to working for
peace,” she said.

SACBC 'Disturbed' With Actions
MB211116 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0949 GMT 21 May 86
[Text] Pretoria, 21 May, SAPA--The Southern African Catholic Bishops
Conference (SACBC) is deeply disturbed at the set-back to the quest for

Christian justice and peace which the SADF raids on Lusaka, Harare and
Gaborone will inevitably cause.

68



JPRS«SSA*86~062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

HEUNIS COMMENTS ON PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT RESTRUCTURING
MB121229 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1222 GMT 12 May 86

[Text] House of Assembly, 12 May, SAPA--The 13 Development Boards, Transvaal
Peri-Urban boards and the Cape Divisional Councils, will be placed under the
control of their respective provincial administrations on 1 July, the Minister
of Constitutional Development and Planning, Mr Chris Heunis, said today.

Announcing the restructuring of the provincial and regional governments, he
said the Natal Development and Services Board and regional water corporations
would continue to exist provisionally until their functions were rationalised
or they fell under a Regional Services Coucil.

He said all these bodies had been investigated by four committees of inquiry
whose recommendations had been accepted by the government, with few
amendments.

The various administrative units would be provisionally ‘retained and added to
the various provincial administrations under the provincial secretaries and
administrators to ensure continuity. Although the boards would no longer
exist, their employees would retain their current conditions of service and
continue in their present posts for the transitonary period to 31 December.

The government had accepted in principle to continue the various services with
as little as possible disruption of the personnel, Mr Heunis said.

It had also been decided to “treat personnel when transferred to other
institutions as individuals with particular preferences, skills and
abilities."

The government was fully aware of the expertise acquired over the decades by
the personnel of the various development bodies. As far as possible, the
government wanted to transfer the functions as well as the officials
responsible for them to the receiving institution simultaneously.

For instance, about 540 development board labour regulation employees would be

transferred to the Department of Manpower where they would continue with the
same work, but under a new employer.

61



JPRS*SSA~86=062
13 June 1986

ETHIOPIA

WATER TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE NEARS COMPLETION
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 27 Apr 86 p 86

[Text] A more than seven million birr building complex for construction
training, built at the General Wingate School by the Ministry of Education
with Soviet cooperation became operational yesterday.

The complex, the first of its kind in the country and built at a cost of
7,035,000 birr, under the Ethio-Soviet cooperation agreement, was inaugurated
by Comrade Addis Tedla, member of the Political Bureau of the CC of the WPE
and Deputy Chairman of the National Committee for Central Planning (NCCP).

Speaking on the occasion, Comrade Bililign Mandefro, member of the CC of the
WPE and Minister of Education, said that the training complex built, through
the assistance of the party, government and people of the Soviet Union has a
vital role to play in the effort under way to gradually extricate the country
from backwardness and to improve the livelihood of the people.

Comrade Bilign pointed out that contributions of a total of 35,000,000 birr
was raised for the construction of this training centre and six technical and
vocational centres built earlier in Sidamo, Gojjam, Hararghe and Shoa regions.
Around 17 million birr of the total was contributed by the USSR.

Comrade Bililgn said that in areas where there are no such establishments to
date, particularly in regions suitable for agricultural activities, there isa
plan to set up training centes for agriculture, mechanical and civil
engineering, irrigation and science botanical research.

The Soviet Union has given the new training centre machines worth five million
birr and the Ministry of Education and the General Wingate School have raised
1.5 million birr and 535,000 birr respectively to equip the centre. Comrade
v. Konkin, First Vice Chairman of the Soviet Union Technical and Vocational
Education Government Committee, director of the school, Ethiopian and Soviet
teachers at the school and a representative of the school spoke about the
effort made to construct the centre and its internal facilities.

Comrade Addis later inspected the complex which comprises six section, 24
workshops and 21 classrooms.

/13104

cso: 3400/1761
18



a list of names of individuals allegedly invblved in activities opposing Luanda,
residing in Portugal; a fact which heightened the suspicion that the Angolan
authorities are conducting investigations in our country which are usually
assigned to secret services associated with the citizens’ political activities.

Mozambique has not been found to have engaged in any such operation, but it is
believed among those familiar with the intricacies of this type of investigation
that there are some "informants" in Portugal. Mention is also made of frequent
trips and certain stays in Portugal by Mozambicans possibly connected with
"specialized" departments of the Maputo government.

2909
CSO: 3442/210

35



JPRS“SSA*86*062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

TERREBLANCHE SAYS VISIONS, POLICY BASED ON NATIONHOOD,NOT RACE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 May 86 p 17

[Report on interview with Eugene Terreblanche, leader of the Afrikaner
Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) by Political Reporter Gary van Staden; date and

place not given]

[Text]

“I started the AWB out of love, °

‘not hate, but I am not pre-
pared to compromise on issues
that are close to the hearts of
my people.

I demand for myself no more’;

than that which I am prepared
to give to others. I am not a
racist. If you look at the Con-
sServative Party and at the Her-
sStigte National Party, you will
note an interesting difference

between them and the AWB.”

And the difference is that the
AWB does not fight its case on
a racial basis — as far as I am

concerned the issue has nothing ,

to do with black or white. It is
‘about a people, a volk.

I think Germans needs Ger- ;

many to really be German. I
‘see how jealously Britain de-

fends what is British — to the ,

point of sending its navy half-
‘way around the world to take

back the Falklands — and I ad-,

mire them. They went and took
their island back by force, .be-
cause it belonged to them.

My people, the Boeremense,

are entitled to their land in’
South Africa. They are entitled’

to what is theirs — the old
Boer Republics, Transvaal, the
‘Free State and northern Natal.
It is an historical and cultural

demand. According to interna-
tional law we have a claim on
those areas. .
They are — and always have
been — ours, and ours alone.
We did not take them away
from the black man. ‘
- Yes, it is true that the Trans?
vaal once belonged to the Ma-
tebele. But they are now in
Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and have
.no claim on land in the Trans-
Naal. It is really not even the
“white man’s land as such. It be-
.Jongs to the volk, it belongs to
the Boere. oo
“'T am a product of the Eng-
lish settlers and the Dutch set-
lers. I exist because of what
the English and Dutch got up to
jwhen. they arrived here. They
‘created an entirely new nation
qwolk).-". :

1 COLONISERS ~

‘<3 And I cannot understand why;
, some English-speakers do not
have any love for a nation that
“was created by their forefa-"
thers. But, nonetheless, we are
.anation (volk) and expect to be

‘freated like a nation.
The irony of the situation is
“that the Government is pre-
pared to recognise the govern-
ment of Bophuthatswana and

55

tO recognise the right of that
riation to exist as well as the
Zulu and the Xhosa and the
‘Venda. But now, suddenly, they
are attempting to deny the ex-
fistence of the Afrikaner volk.
¢ They are involving them-
selves in a very dangerous
game: They are attempting to
paint us as colonisers, and the
Afrikaner volk have never co-
Jonised anything. We did not
“come here to exploit the land
and then to leave. This is our
home, we have nowhere else
to go.

I do not care if a man is
black or white or brown or
' green. If he denies me the right
"to have my own land, with its
! own culture and history, its
‘own territory and its own.

dreams and ideals, then that
man is my political opponent
and my political enemy.

Iam a nationalist, I grant
the black man his right to
exist. The black man must be
very much in love with Africa,
he comes out of Africa and he
knows no other place to live.

‘ HOMELAND

I am not asking for a ‘home-
land’ for whites — that has
strange connotations — I am



113104
cso:

3400/1761

mass organizations deployed in tho

‘area for their praiseworthy activities in.

the implementation of the villagization
programme, :

The team headed by Comrade
Legesse Asfaw included Comrade Fasi-
ka Sidelil, Alternate Political Bureau
member and ‘Secretary of the CC of
the WPE, Comrade Kassa Gebre, Al-
ternate member.of the Political Bureau
of the CC of ‘the WPE and Minister
of Constenetton, «

21



JPRS«SSA~86*062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM DISCUSSED

MB131245 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1900 12 May 86

[Interview with Andreas van Wyk, director general of the Department of
constitutional Development and Planning, in Cape Town by Freek Robinson on the
“Network” program--live]

[Text] [Robinson] Good evening. The present provincial councils will
disappear on 1 July and be replaced by provincial executive committees. The
Director General of the Department of Constitutional Development and Planning,
Dr Andreas van Wyk, is in our Cape Town studio to explain. Good evening
Doctor. Can you hear us in Cape Town?

{Van Wyk] Loud and clear. Good evening.

[Robinson] Welcome to "Network." Doctor it seems that with the new system of
provincial government that is going to be introduced a particular level of
representation will disappear. Can you explain on what basis the new
administrator and his committee members are going to be appointed?

[Van Wyk] As far as the structure is concerned, Mr Robinson, only one thing
will change and that is that the elected provincial council will disappear.
The administrator will be appointed by the state president as before and there
will be an administrator in every provincial capital and second, an executive
committee will also be appointed by the state president and no longer elected
by a provincial council.

[Robinson] The specific question is: Can blacks, coloreds and Indians serve
on that executive committee? On what basis will they be appointed by the
state president?

[Van Wyk] The state president appoints persons from the different race groups
to serve on the executive committee on the same basis as they are presently
serving, that is, to carry out the executive function of the particular
province.

[Robinson] Let us take a specific example, for instance, blacks. On what 4
basis will one decide which black person must serve on that specific council?

88



/9317
CSO: 3400/1749

@ to embark on a campaign
of positive action aimed at
bringing about the immediate
and unconditional implemen-
tation of UNSCR 435;

@ and, to work towards the
abolition of the Transitional
Government and its replace-
ment by a democratically elect-
ed, internationally recognised
government “truly representa-
tive of the Namibian people”.
An action committee
Tepresenting all parties was"
elected last night and they will
meet next week to tie up loose
ends and take further all action

proposals.
The Diocesan Secretary of
the Anglican Diocese -in

Namibia, Mr Matt Esau, was
elected convenor of the com-
mittee.

The conference has con-
founded many of its critics by
getting as far it hasin one piece,

42

but it still faces a major test.

And that is to transform in-
tentions into action.

At yesterday’s press briefing
announcing the action, church
leaders were one in saying the
conference had been marked
bya determination to co-
operate, and to work together
in future.

And, Pastor -Zephania
Kameeta of the Evangelical
Lutheran Church said this was
the spirit they would go for-
ward in.

Mr Matt Esau added that a
notable mark of the gathering
hiad been the absence of any
power play.

Ai-Gams, which means hot
water, is the name of the
pastoral centre where the
gathering was held and is the
name given to Windhoek by
the first inhabitants.


of historical evidence of constitutions produced by whites and imposed upon
blacks, which has been the pattern throughout our modern history, throughout
this century, and perhaps the feeling that the bill of rights, again, is
something which has come mainly from white groups who may be seeking to en-
trench white privileges. And if a bill of rights. is perceived by blacks as
being a device to entrench white privilege, then I would say it was probably
doomed from the start. One has got to establish a confidence in all. sections
of the community, this being something that Professor Dhlamini has said, which
is not to protect whites or to protect blacks, but to protect everyone. Al-
though at particular times it may operate more to the advantage of one group
than another.

[Bishop] Right. Well, the next question is, then: You are all agreed, of

course--and it was interesting to see that Professor Dhlamini said: Let us '
bring it in, and give people the idea of freedom and equality under the law,
and so on--but how would you bring it in? Can we stay with you just for 30

seconds, Mr Justice Didcott?

[Didcott] Well, I think that this is really predominently a political ques-
tion, and there is obviously a problem here, that there are many statutes
still on our statute book which would not survive a bill of rights, a classi-
cal or typical bill of rights, at all; only a very attenuated bill of rights.
And therefore one has to postulate a willingness in parliament to repeal
those statutes before a bill of rights is introduced, or at the very latest,
simultaneously with the introduction of it. But I think that this is really
more for the political scientists to deal with the question of what political
likelihood there is of its being introduced.

{Bishop] Professor Wiechers?

{Wiechers] Yes. No, I must disagree there. Basically it is a question of
constitutionalism. It is how you get these accepted rights and freedoms
partly entrenched in your constitution. We have the devices in our consti-
tution, We have a two-thirds majority method and so on. Obviously, it is
going to be difficult, you know, to make it operative, one whole. [as heard]
But it could be part of a legislative reform program. You can have a bill of
rights, and, say, an important law commission, law reform commission, and
then feed parliament, say in a different program, to adjust your unjust laws
according to this bill of rights. Also, in many instances, we do apply in our
courts the ordinary bill of rights, freedoms, and liberties. Start by entrench-
ing those. And then, with new constitutions, and we are in the process of
getting new constitutions....

[Bishop, interrupting] Can I interrupt you, gentlemen. It is the old
Father Time, again, and just say: Look, how should it be introduced? In
bits and pieces, a little bit at a time, to make it palatable, or altogether?
Prefessor Dhlamini?

[Dhlamini] 1 think perhaps like Professor Wiechers, I do not support the

idea of introducing a bill of rights piecemeal. I believe, rather, that we
should have a complete bill of rights, with all the rights which we feel are

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/9317



fundamental, and entrench that bill. of rights. But then the government can
have a program, say for instance, within 2 or 3 years, that certain laws which
are either basically discriminatory or other laws which are infringing the
freedom of the individual, and so on, like for instance detention without
trial, those laws are going to be phased out within a certain time limit.

And the, ...[changes thought] of course, you will have certain other laws,
even though they are not actually phased out by the time there is a court
case, then the court can be able to decide on those issues. But I believe
much more in the introduction of a complete bill of. rights. I think it is
going to strengthen the credibility of the government, rather than introducing
it piecemeal.

[Bishop] Thank you very much. Gentlemen, our time has. run out. I want to
say thanks to Mr Justice Didcott, Professor Dhlamini, and Professor Marinus
Wiechers. Thank you very much for joining us in debate.

/8918
cso: 3400/1669

84



Observing some
of the causes that
are contributing
to’ the political
instability and
hampering the pro-
cess of reconci-
liation, the ve-
teran lawyer noted
that "five months
after the Consti-
tution has taken
effect, all uncon-
stitutional de-
crees should by
now have been re-
pealed and there
can be no excuse
for their conti-
nued enforcement,
if they did not

lapse automati-
cally."

Counsellor
Tubman said that
“our economic
problems whict

have not. been
unattended during
these years of
political turmoil,
must be urgently
addressed.

“Our schools,
hospitals, roads
and virtually

all of our physical
infra-structure

are today .worse
thas they were
years ago. More

worrisome, by
far than — this,
the intangible

quality of our
human = resources?
a sense of commit-
ment and. loyalty
to the country,
the willingness
to make sacrifices
for the ,young
and for the future;
belief in ourselves
and faith in
God's plans . for

us and cur country
- things which

money cannot
buy and = = which
certainly no
outside country
however, well
disposed, can

supply us with
all these are
scarcely to be
found among us
as a people todcy"
said Mr. Tubman.

A graduate
of Cambridge
and Harvard Uni-
versities, the
Guest Speaker
noted that those
Liberi-“s~ who

2 themselves
in . confrontation
should realize
that their patience
will achieve
more than their
forces

Recalling a
"strong impres-
sion persisted"
while the National
Constitution Com-
mission hearings
was “in - progress,
Councellor * Tubman
noted that the
past "Constitution
had not failed the
Liberian: people,
rather it was the
Liberian people
which ‘had failed
to honor and ob-
serve the laws
laid down in and
under that histo-
ric document."

Ne said that
since the Liberian
people have made
clear their desire
for a multi-party
democratic system
to obtain in this

29

country, those
sworn to defend
the Constitution",
should accept. the
"burden of ensur-
ing that laws
which violate the
Constitution be
enforced" and. not
leaving it with
the "ordinary ci-
tizens who seek
peaceably to exer-
cise rights gran~
ted and secured
to them by that
basic law".

He noted that
the "Constitution
which unites
us and makes
us one body poli-
tic, is the su-
preme law of
the land" — and
that all Liberians
especially "nublic

officials" who
by the "law and
their solemn

oaths are held
to a higher alle-~
giance"” have
a "sacred duty"
to respect the
Constitution.

Mr. Tubman,
a former Justice
Minister, defined
reconciliation
as the ending
of a quarrel
and the restore-
tion of harmony,
adding that: by
their patience,
good nature andd

discipline,..,- the
Liberian people
have — demonstra-

ted to the world
their unshakable
determination

for a constitu-
tional democratic



JPRS*SSA~OO"UO2
13 June 1986

maintain relations with the former Portuguese Africa, as a result of agreements
extending aid to subsidiary companies that have survived decolonization. In
practice--as we have noted elsewhere--Portuguese exports are concentrated in
the category of consumer goods. Lastly, it should be mentioned that the PCP
[Portuguese Communist Party] also is involved in this trade, for according to
inside information the PCP controls at least two companies that perform services
in ‘the new African states.

Fewer Diplomatic Contacts
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 25 Apr 86 pp 54 R-55 R

{Article by J. Henriques Coimbra: "Diplomatic Relations: . A Capital Squane-
dered" ]

[Text] Portugal shows itself today to be oriented much more toward Europe (or
even toward lands beyond the Atlantic, as was seen recently in statements made
by Cavaco Silva in the Federal Republic of Germany) than toward those countries
of Africa that are its former colonies. Interestingly enough, it is precisely
the Spaniards who are already making unusual diplomatic incursions into the
Black Continent, as for example the trip made to Luanda by the Spanish foreign
minister and concerning which the RTP [Portuguese Radio-Television System] has
spoken to us in detail, exploiting to the fullest a study publicized by the TVE
[Spanish Television].

There is an increasing loss of confidence in the ties which~-despite everything~-
can unite Portuguese and Africans, and prospects are fading that Lisbon will
even be able to serve as a bridge for other European countries to "enter" Africa
and, in particular, to "enter" those countries whose official language is Portu-
guese. Even 7 years ago, when Ramalho Eanes made an official visit to Italy,

it was frequently said that Rome could.use Portugal's good relations with cer-
tain African countries to establish new contacts with Africa.

Intentional Lack of Interest?

Today, however--despite certain punctilious declarations of friendship and even
of fraternity--it is generally believed that Lisbon is allowing itself to be
overtaken, and one cannot rule out the possibility that it is doing so inten-
tionally.

One of the points of view of the Lisbon government is probably that there would
not be,. at the present time, any particular advantages to be derived from
Portugal's economic relationship with any of its former colonies in Africa. A
Portuguese source said a few days ago that of all the former colonies Angola is
the one that to date has been the "best pay"-~-in other words, that has settled
its accounts with rigorous promptness--but added that the drop in the price of
petroleum would certainly alter this comfortable situation, with the result
that in order to avoid accumulating indebtedness, Luanda would begin to buy
less. As for Mozambique, Sao Tome and Principe, Guinea, and Cape Verde, every-
thing indicates that Portugal would prefer to "wait and see" and that the situa-
tion with respect to relations should remain "lukewarm," to the extent that the
difficulties of these countries themselves will permit it.



One delegate said there was
a certain urgency this time
round “that has not always
been present in the past’- and
this could be the key to success.

“It’s high time we came up
with a credible alternative to
South African strategies?”

It is believed a number of
parties have prepared substan-
tive proposals.

The conference agenda in-
cludes devotions, an address by

Namibian editor Gwen Lister,

on “An Analysis of the Namib-
jan Situation” and by -Mr
Bryan O’Linn on “The Impor-
tance and Validity of UN Secu-
rity CounciJ Res 435 of 1978”.

The Advertiser understands
anumber of parties are unhap-
py with the agenda as they are
keen to get straight down to
plotting the road ahead and
feel it unnecessary to cover old
ground,

/9317
cso: 3400/1749

Today’s conference is
qualitatively different to past
attempts in three respects: it is
being organised by the Council
of Churches, it is much broad-
er based than’ previbusly and
there is P W Botha’s August 1
deadline.

Although no- -one expects
the start of implementation of
435 on August 1, the question
arises “if not, what then?”

And parties ‘are wary of
South Africa opting for some’
sort of UDI.

SOLE AUTHENTIC ISSUE

There is keen political in-
terest in today’s conference.
The obstacles andthe potential
are great.

‘To many observers the main
stumbling block is Swapo’s
sole authentic status.

This was also underlined by
Mr Katjiuongua yesterday.

«Be. felt the’ impact of the

44

conference could depend on
“whether the other parties de-
mand equal status with Swapo
by calling for it to drop its
claim to being the sole and
authentic representative of the

. Namibian people”

However, the formation of

| one party is not expected to be

an issue, rather parties want to
formulate a strategy of com-
mon action to which they are

all committed.

And a number of parties
have expressed determination
to pull out all stops to make the
two day conference the start of
a new era of dynamic action.

“They will have to come out
with a plan of action showing
real alternatives and how to
achieve the implementation of
435)" Mr Katjiuongua said.

. “Otherwise they will just be
another multi-party con-
ference’


JPRS«SsA-86
“0
13 June 1996 °°

Incoherent ‘and Unprofitable

"Indecisiveness" and "disjointedness" are accordingly the two words that--
according to the experts whom we have quoted--explain the problems that exist
with respect to Portuguese cooperation with its former African colonies. Every-
thing is taking place as if our country, as a result of the colonial trauma,
feels obliged to "do something," but to do it incoherently. "This situation,"
Jose Manuel Rolo emphasizes, "is accurately reflected in the fact that Portugal
does not, at the present moment, even have a basic law governing cooperation."

And this situation leads--still according to the same expert--to the "absence
of a single instrumentality of coordination that could permanently interpret
the philosophy and policy of cooperation and that would be endowed with ample
authority and vast resources."

Let us look at the picture more closely. Portugal has four entities--in differ-
ent ministries--that have jurisdiction to deal with the subject of cooperation:
in short, what it has is a "disjointedness" and “ambiguity” in the sphere of
foreign policy which, for example, caused Portuguese firms in 1985 to lose

$200 million worth of contracts in Angola (something like 32 million contos)!

In conclusion: ‘The absence of “political sensitivity" on Portugal's part in
its treatment of the African questions has obvious (and perhaps irreversible?)
economic implications. One businessman who has projects under way in the former
colonies told us this significant episode: "I was in Africa recently to take
care of some business for my company. I was invited by our embassy to attend
several events of a political nature. When I told the ambassador that I would
like to present our project to him, he answered that he would phone me within
the next few days. I'm still waiting."

Principal Exports to Africa
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 25 Apr 86 p 55 R
[Article by Luis Marques: "Top Ten Exports to Africa"]

[Text] PETROGAL is the largest Portuguese exporter to Africa; its sales volume
is in excess of 305 million contos, with the former Portuguese colonies account~
ing for a large part of this total. It is followed in order by the EDP (Portu-
guese Electric Power Company), 135 million contos; TAP [Portuguese Airlines],

82 million; CTT/TLP [General Administration of Post Offices, Telegraphs, and
Telephones/Telephone Workers of Lisbon and Porto], 46 million; PORTUCEL, 44
million; National Steel, 26 million; Sugarloaf Supermarkets, 15 million; Manuel
Goncalves Textiles, 10 million; and Riopele Textiles, 7 million. [Total of nine

as published]

This list refers to Portuguese companies that export to Africa, including those
countries whose official language is Portuguese. The list does not cover non-
traditional exports and therefore does not include the construction companies,
which have operated in the former Portuguese colonies with considerable success.
It should also be mentioned that a significant number of the aforesaid companies



JPRS~SSA~86-062
13 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

IISS REPORT ANALYZES SOUTH AFRICAN SUPPORT FOR MNR

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 May 86 p 7

[Text]

LONDON — The influential Lon-
don-based International Institute
of Strategic Studies (IISS) has sug-
gested that the apparent termina-
tion of South African support for
the MNR is likely to lead to a grad-
ual .’iminishment in the scope and
effec.iveness of its guerrilla activi-
ties.

But the IISS annual Strategic
Survey gives a fascinating insight
into the divisions between foreij
affairs and the military over the
Nkomati Accord.

“South Africa’s 1984 security ac-
cord with Mozambique was expect-
ed to bring an end to ANC attacks

jlanned and initiated from Mozam-

jique. By early 1985 the ANC was
indeed, in its leaders’ words, ‘seri-
ously wounded’,

“Te accord was also supposed
to cripple the activities of the MNR
(Mozambican National Resis-
tance), whose operations had
gradually isolated large parts of
Mozambique from effective gov-
ernment control. . .

“But in the months following the
accord the MNR staged an aston-
ishing resurgence.

“Western: diplomats confirmed
reports that the MNR had found
shadowy financial backers in Por-
tugal, West Germany and. else-
where. But suspicion centred again
‘on South Africa; particularly when
it was reveale that, shortly after
the signing of the accord, the South
African Defence Force (SADF) had
delivered a six-month supply of
arms and equipment to the MNR
before closing down its Transvaal
training camps. By early 1985
President Machel was denouncing
South Africa for subverting the
pact.

“This was bad news for Pretoria,
and particularly for Foreign Minis-
ter Pik Botha, who saw the Nko-
mati Accord as a model for similar
pacts with other local states. In an
effort to shore up the rapidly-erod-
ing agreement, he announced in
March 1985 that an internal investi-
gation had uncovered a ‘Mafia-
style syndicate’ in South Africa’s
Portuguese community which had

n smuggling money and su
plies to the MNR. y Pr

“Acting on Mozambican tips, the
government had also found ‘a doz-
en’ serving members of the SADF
who had links to the MNR; these
‘people had now been ‘purged’ from
the SADF, the Foreign Minister de-
clared. In May a joint operational
centre was established at the bor-
der to deal with mutual security

‘oblems. By then, however, it had

ome clear that there were seri-
ous differences between the mili-
tary and the Department of
Foreign Affairs over the whole is-
sue of policy towards the MNR.
'” “South African credibility in the
MNR affair reached an all-time
low in September after troops from
Mozambique and Zimbabwe over-
ran the MNR’s remote mounting
headquarters. Captured documents
disclosed that the South African
military had maintained continu-
ing liaison with MNR leaders and
had provided logistic support and
political encouragement well into

185.

“The SADF chief, while statin,
that the material contained ‘half-
truths and untruths’, did not chal-
lenge its authenticity.

“There are signs that some im-
provement of relations is possible
in 1986 and may have already be-


JPRS“S8A~86 069
3 June 1986

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

COOPERATION WITH SWEDEN--In the past, Angola bought $80 million worth of
Swedish products. Swedish exports to Angola have been increasing and include
transportation equipment (automobiles, pickups, and automotive parts) and con-
struction equipment. Sweden has bought virtually nothing from Angola, but
hopes to buy oil. [Text] [Lisbon AFRICA HOJE in Portuguese Mar 86 p 36]
8844/12232 :

EEC AID--The EEC will earmark 95 million ECU (about $1 billion) under the Lome
III Convention. Following the entry of Angola and Mozambique, Lome III will
make possible the first EEC agreement with a region represented by the Coordi-
nation Conference on the Development of Southern Africa, with first priority
being given to’ the Transportation and Communications Sector (ports of Beira and
Dar-es-Salaam) and guaranteed regional food supplies. [Text] [Lisbon AFRICA
HOJE in Portuguese Mar 86 p 36] 8844/12232

CSO: 3442/204

17



The first-priority sectors studied were the food and agriculture industry, the
construction and construction materials industry, surface transportation equip-
ment, textile industry, and the organization and management of ‘businesses.

France is also represented in Angola in construction projects (Dumez Afrique)
and food products (Ipitrade, Sopad, etc), in addition, of course, to petroleum
production. .

Spain is also striving to improve its presence in Angola... In February of 1986
Emex signed a $7.5 million contract to build the Luanda School of Medicine and
improve commercial relations (imports were $21 million and exports were $10 mil-
lion 4n the first half of 1985).

Angola and Portugal: Developing Common Interests

It was with a combination of anxiety and prudent hope that Luanda attended the
inauguration of the new Portuguese Government headed by Cavaco Silva, a Social
Democrat.

As a matter of fact, the Social Democrats have been advocating closer relations
on all levels with Luanda for some time, following the Luso=Angolan chill of
1983-85. They even stated willingness to restrict UNITA activities in Portugal.

The presence in Luanda of Portuguese Foreign Trade Minister Pires de Miranda at
the 10th anniversary celebrations of Angolan independence and Pedro Van Dunem's
stay in Lisbon since January 1986 is indicative of a mutual desire to improve
relations.

Both visits reaffirmed the two governments’ intention to develop mutual rela-
tions, particularly through Portugal's participation in some of the main under-
takings in this West African country.

During Van Dunem's visit, Portugal's eventual resumption of petroleum explora-
tion in Block Four and other areas on the Angolan continental shelf were dis-
cussed in addition to participation in a Portuguese consortium to raise the
height of the Cambambe Dam, which. was suspended under the previous government
of Mario Soares for political reasons.

Earlier, President Eduardo dos Santos, in.a meeting with Pires de Miranda had
expressed his desire to revive the Joint Luso-Angolan Commission, which has
not met since 1982, to develop cooperation and commercial exchanges.

It should be remembered that’ Portuguese exports to Angola amounted to 26 million
contos in 1985, which indicates stagnation in relations between these two coun-
tries.

The favorable attitude now prevailing between the two countries was immediately
reflected in some initiatives, especially in the service field.

Thus in February of 1986, specialists from the Tourism and Innkeepers Training

Institute of Portugal began giving classes in Luanda on hotel management, per-
sonnel motivation and secretarial skills.

12



JPRS*SSA~86~062
13 June 1986

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

PORTUGAL'S DECLINING INVOLVEMENT, INFLUENCE IN REGION NOTED
Economic Consequences

Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 25 Apr 86 pp 54 R-56.R

(Article by Luis Marques: . "Cooperation: Marking Time"]
[Text] "If everything continues as at present, there will come a time when
the fact that we speak the same language will avail us nothing." This comment

may seem excessively dramatic, but it sums up the opinion of a number of
experts concerning the economic relations between Portugal and its former
African colonies--relations which, in respect to trade, recorded the lowest
relative value of the past 10 years.

Except for the activity of a few firms that have--in spite of everything--dis-
played a capacity for initiative and pragmatism, "the actions designed to imple-
ment cooperation are taking place in the total absence of any systematic complex
of principles, objectives, instruments, and means--things which are essential to
the definition and implementation of any policy," according to Jose Manuel Rolo,
Gulbenkian Foundation treasurer and adviser to African governments. This expert
also believes that the "absence of such a policy of cooperation" also applies to
the defense of the Portuguese language; he regrets the existence of activities
relating to the teaching of Portuguese that are sponsored by institutions of
countries that do not even share our Latin origin. “Fortunately, there is 'A
Bola,' he exclaims.

Trade relations between Portugal and those African countries whose official
language is Portuguese have been characterized by a constant decrease in our
imports, expressed in percentages; the same is true of our exports although in
this case the decrease is relative, as can be seen from the accompanying set of
figures.

In monetary terms, Portuguese imports declined from $374 million in 1974 to
$56.2 million in 1984, while exports decreased from $249.2 million to $227.6
million in the same period. Portugal's share of the market in its former
colonies declined from 20 percent 10 years ago to the current figure of 12.9
percent. To sum up: "In the past 10 years, not only have these countries
decreased their relative importance as trade partners of Portugal, but Portugal
has also lost ground in their markets," commented Antonio Silva of the Portu-
guese Foreign Trade Institute (ICEP) at the conference held at the Gulbenkian
Foundation in May of last year.



SPRS«SSA+86-062

13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

REPORTAGE ON REACTION TO CROSS-BORDER RAIDS
Rajbansi Cites 'Hypocritical' Reaction
MB211643 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1640 GMT 21 May 86

[Text] House of Delegates, 21 May, SAPA--Any action by a government could be
justified if it was against elements who wanted to engage in senseless
destruction of life and property, the chairman of the Council of Ministers, Mr
Amichand Rajbansi, said today.

Speaking during the snap debate on this week's cross-border raids, he said
South Africa was faced with a world “full of double standards and hypocrisy.”

“Israelis have struck against the Arab states, India has done it against
Pakistan and the United States has attacked Libya."

Recently, the Indian Prime Minister, Mr Rajiv Gandhi, had been left with no
alternative but to use force to “flush out terrorists" from the Golden Temple.

“We condemn the use of violence, from whichever quarter, to bring about
changes," he said. “I am of the view that action on the part of any
government throughout the world against elements who want to engage in
senseless destruction of life and property can be justificd.”

He called for a cessation of violence "from every quarter” in order to give a
chance to peaceful reform. In an “action, reaction and pre-action situation,"
people using violence should know that there were no winners or losers. “It
is therefore imperative that acts of terrorism be ceased in order to avoid
counter-measures which may be praised in some quarters while they are
criticised in others. “I believe that South Africa's critics--some of whom
look at similar acts with double vision--can only be proven wrong if all
groups fighting for change do so in a peaceful way.”

Mr Rajbansi said there was an international outcry against terrorism and many
countries believed, like the United States, that a country reserved the right
to defend itself and take action against countries that provided sanctuaries
for perpetrators of violence.

“Recent events should make us all determined to make a stronger call for a
truce respected by all sides in order to try the programme of peace,” he said.

67



PRIVATE SCHOOLS REASSURED OF GOVERNMENT PROTECTION

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 28 Apr 86 pp 1, 4

[Text]

/13104
cso:

The Government of
Liberia has assured
full protectioh for
private and public
schools operating in
the country, and cal-
led on authorities of
those schools to con-
tinue normal activi—
ties without fear. of
molestation.

The government said
it was aware of the
rumors and threats cir
culating in the . so-
ciety about possible
damages to be done to
schools which have re~
sumed normal operation,
and warned that any
individual or groups
who are not, ‘students
of said schools but
found loitering around
them would be appre-

3400/1806

hended and dealt with

in keeping with law,.

an Executive Mansion
release said Friday.

In this connection,
the Ministry of Jus~
tice has been directed
to ensure that all
schools are fully pro~
tected.

It. can be recalled
that since the Manly
Commission ' submitted!
its report to the Pre-"
sident and government
announced that schools
should resume normal
operation, some in-
stitutions have been
skeptical about ‘open-
ing for fear of moles~
tation, the release
added. . .

22

JPRS~SSA~86 «062
3 June 1986

LIBERIA


JPRS«SSA~86*062
13 June 1986

ANGOLA

PAPER PROVIDES SURVEY ON NATION'S ECONOMY

Lisbon AFRICA HOJE in Portuguese Mar 86 pp 12-15

[Text] In spite of its potential wealth, Angola today is experiencing a
critical economic crisis, due in part to the war. The rapprochement with
Portugal, which knows the land well, may to some extent alleviate shortages
and provide for the needs of the Angolan people.

Angola today is engaged in a desperate struggle for economic development, a
victim not only of the caprices of the international marketplace, particularly
plummeting oil prices, but also of the war that is devastating the country,
exhausting its resources and keeping the country in virtual slavery to its
needs.

In fact, the economic colossus predicted in colonial times and immediately fol-
lowing independence barely exists today, in spite of efforts by the Luanda
Government directed toward the competent and efficient use of all resources
and satisfaction of the people's basic needs.

The war situation, which Angola is waging inside its own borders against Jonas
Savimbi's UNITA guerrillas, who now enjoy the express support of the United
States, is further aggravated by the éver-threatening presence of South African
troops, who regularly invade the south, almost at will, in search and destroy
missions against bases run by SWAPO, which is fighting for the independence of
neighboring Namibia.

The undeniable fact that UNITA has great mobility and a firm base of support
due to tribal loyalties, which are strong in many African countries, has forced
Luanda to resort to "internationalist" aid from Cuba and Eastern European coun-
tries which, it must be realistically admitted, are not totally disinterested.

In concrete terms, military outlays in the revised 1985 budget cost Luanda more
than $1.1, i.e., 36 percent of the entire budget.

The damage inflicted by guerrilla activities is enormous, considering the cost
of the disruption and repair of the Benguela Railway, which had bled some $50
million from its budget by the end of November, 1984, To this must be added a
decline in revenue, since approximately 80 percent of the railway's preindepen-
dence income was earned by annually moving 2.5 million tons of goods originating
in Zaire and Zambia.



IPRS*SSA+86«062
13 June 1986

LIBERIA

GOVERNMENT PLEDGES ARREARS TO CIVIL SERVANTS BEFORE JUNE

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 5 May 86 pp 1, 6

[Article by J. N. Elliott]

[Text] Government is to der to alJeviate some
make salaries current of these problems.
to civil servants’ by President Doe said
June this year if the government has already
economy maintains its begun to see signs of
present trend, Presi- improvement am the
1 Kanyon regaining 0: confi-
see tead in a nation- dence in the economy
wide address delivered by pusinessmen and the
- Friday. anking sector.
* resident Doe who He then appealed to
noted that the non- Liberians to begin to
payment of salaries work together to deve-
poses a major pro-. lop the country, ir-
blem for public ser- respective of their
vants, said this mat- political, economic
ter is of serious ¢on- or social backgrounds,
cérn-to government and Dr. Doe said it is
is “persistently clai-| incumbent upon all Li-
ming our attention". berians to come to-
The Liberian Leader gether and try - to
sdid although govern- withstand the diffi-
ment is aware of the culties facing the
many problems faced country.
by public servants, - President Doe said
it is seeking the un- what is required more
derstanding and sym- than. ever before; "is
pathy of the public. devoted and faithful
He told the nation service by all persons
in a broadcast from entrustedwith the task
the ‘parlours of the of administering the
sxecutive Mansion, that affairs of ‘our land
government is present- and -the cooperation
ly Working out a long and ‘loyalty of all our
term recovery and 4people."
growth program in or-
/13104

CSO: 3400/1806

27



ggar807062

JPRS*
JP! 1986

13 Jun

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ASSOCOM ON NATIONAL COUNCIL~-Johannesburg, 22 May, SAPA--ASSOCOM [Association
of Chambers of Commerce] believed the establishment of the envisaged national
council provided a “positive interim framework within which to seek long-term
political stability in South Africa by evolutionary means." In a statement
today, ASSOCOM Chief Executive Mr Raymond Parsons said the success of the
council would "greatly depend" upon the response to it by the black leadership
across the political spectrum, “and upon the ultimate composition of the
council itself." "It is essential that the proposed council should achieve
credibility in the eyes of all communities, and that it assumes a meaningful
role which distinguishes it from existing advisory structures,” Mr Parsons
said. "It is also important that all interest groups should take advantage of
the fact that the pill has been published in draft form, and to make
representations for any changes." "In view of the close interdependence
between the future of the private enterprise system and constitutional
developments, ASSOCOM trusts that a place will be found on the council for the
private sector.” [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1437 GMT 22 May 86 MB)
/12913

‘NEGATIVE MIGRATION TREND'--Pretoria, 21 May, SAPA--South Africa's negative
migration trend continued in January and February this year, when 1,044 more
people left the country than immigrated, a Central Statistical Service survey
released in Pretoria shows. In the same two-month period last year South
Africa gained 2,554 residents. ‘The number of foreign tourists also slumped,
by 21.5 percent, in January and February this year compared with the same
period last year, the survey shows. In February alone this year: -~50,014
foreign visitors arrived in South Africa, and 48,165 left; --25,706 South
African residents departed on foreign visits, and 24,254 returned; --604
people immigrated, and 1,130 emigrated-~a loss of 526 residents. In February
last year South Africa gained 1,007 residents. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA/ in
English 1330 GMT 21 May 86 MB] /12913

EGLIN ON TRICAMERAL SYSTEM--Cape Town, 21 May, SAPA-~The “monstrous tricameral
constitutional system must be scrapped" to lead South Africa out of its
present crisis, the Progressive Federal Party [PFP] leader, Mr Colin Eglin,
said last night. Speaking at the PFP's nation-wide launch of the "save South
Africa” campaign attended by 500 people in Sea Point, Mr Eglin said: "The
government stumbles from one monumental blunder to another. A display of
incompetence and ineptitude that simply boggles the mind." He outlined the
government's latest moves to replace provincial councils with political

96



(Van Wyk] Naturally it will depend on the state president's decision, as in
the case of the appointment of cabinet members at the central government
level.

[Robinson] Could one then assume that the state president will have to decide
that a particular black person in a community of a province has shown fair
leadership qualities, and that he can therefore serve on....

[Van Wyk interrupting] There are cettain norms which apply even in the choice
of cabinet members, and in this case similar norms will also naturally be
developed, to ensure that the system can work. As you know, the system cannot
operate without the necessary trust and power bases.

[Robinson] But that...{changes thought] Let us speak about the black man.
He will not be representative of the blacks, but he will have to be seen by
the blacks as being representative in some way, or at least be held in high
esteem. Right?

[Van Wyk] Implicit in any political system is the fact that the people who
operate within it must have the necessary legitimacy.

[Robinson] Could you tell us what exactly the functions of these new councils
will be?

[Van Wyk] The new councils-~actually, one should not speak of new councils as
such.e.

[Robinson. interrupting] Very well, committees or provincial administrations.

[Van Wyk] They are provincial managements or provincial administrations.
They will undertake general functions. The constitution, as it stands,
provides for own affairs, and these are handled by own affairs
administrations. At the second-tier level, general affairs will be handled by
these provincial administrations. There are of course many aspects which are
important matters such as road, nature conservation, some aspects of local
administration, some aspects of health services, all these will be dealt with
at this level.

[Robinson] But what would you say will be the liason, the degree of liason,
between these new bodies and government or parliament?

(Van Wyk] What is involved there, basically, is people who use government
funds and carry out policy on behalf of the central government or an own
affairs department. And somewhere along the way, responsibility has to be
allocated for the spending of these funds and for policy being implemented.
So the system to be followed will mean that the officials at the second-tier
level or provincial level will be responsible to parliament. The political
appointees will have a political responsibility to a Standing Committee of
parliament for that province. As for the officials, the provincial secretary
of each province will have to be responsible to the normal Standing Committee
on public accounts for the use of the funds in his province.

89



Also, diamond prospecting has virtually come to a standstill for security
reasons (2.4 million karats were mined in 1974 vs 0.9 million in 1984) and
the iron ore mines were.shut down in 1975 (6.1-million tons mined in 1973).
Lovestock raising also suffered losses due to the war, especially in 1975-76,
in addition to the consequences of the 1981 drought in the southwestern prov-
inces (3.25 million head of beef, 800,000 goats and 400,000 hogs in 1984).
Finally, in the macroagricultural sector, the sugar and coffee situation be-
came catastrophic.

Angola was formerly a sugar exporter, but is now a large importer, having seen
its production fall from 80,000 tons in 1972-74 to 27,000 tons in 1980-81.

Cuban Sugar Imported

In 1985, Angola was forced to import 77,800 tons of sugar from Cuba to meet its
own domestic and re-sale needs.

As for coffee, which had become the chief export crop, making Angola the world's
fourth-largest exporter in 1973, it is reported that the 3.5-million-sack crop
prior to independence fell ‘to 200,000 sacks in 1984-85.

In addition, low coffee prices on the free market have been the rule in recent
years, and Angolan exports reflect this fact ($163.8 million earned in 1980
vs $79.8 million earned in 1984), in spite of favorable prices paid by the
East bloc, especially the German Democratic Republic, which accounted for

61 percent of coffee exports.

To all this must be added what is perhaps the most negative factor of all: the
flight of the half million whites who abandoned farms, plantations and large-
and small-scale businesses, depriving the country of technicians, professionals
and businessmen and paralyzing key sectors of the Angolan economy. The only
success has been in the area of petroleum which, after a temporary decline,

saw full recovery with a calculated production of 230,000 barrles per day in
mid 1985 vs 211,000 in 1984 and 178,900 in 1983.

A new law on foreign investment enacted in 1979 contributed to this recovery
and was responsible for the return of international capital, which was of course
concentrated in the petroleum industry.

However, Luanda's hopes of achieving a favorable balance of payments for the
first time in years, based on petroleum revenues, may turn to disappointment
because of ‘the sharp drop in petroleum prices recently.

Be this as it may, the petroleum sector at present is expanding considerably,
with four foreign companies now operating: Gulf Cabgoc is the largest, produc-
ing about 165,000 barrles a day in 1984, Its fields are all located on the
continental shelf off Cabinda, where Gulf began exploring in 1960, striking oil
in 1966 and bringing in production in 1968.

Increased production is largely due’to the Takula Field, discovered in 1980;
Petrofina, through Fina Petroleo de Angola, is the operator in all the onshore



13 Sune 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP LAUNCHES NEW CAMPAIGN TO COUNTER RIGHTWING FORCES
MB201203 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1132 GMT 20 May 86

[Text] Cape Town, 20 May, SAPA--A new Progressive Federal Party [PFP]
campaign, which was also aimed at blacks, “the future constituency," was
launched by the party's leader, Mr Colin Eglin, here today. .

The campaign carried the slogan "There is a way to save SA," Mr Eglin said,
and would start with the distribution of 230,000 pamphlets during the next
month.

The main reason for the campaigns timing was the tremendous uncertainty and
insecurity in the minds of voters “and more particularly among those who
support the National Party.” -

“It is important that, when the rightwing forces make their move, there should
be an opposite pull from democratic forces to give a lead and some real hope
for a stable and secure future.”

A critical point had been reached for the political leadership and he would
have been quite happy for the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, or Chief
Mangosuthu Buthelezi to have taken the initiative, Mr Eglin said.

The PFP campaign was based on three points:

--To state in specific and updated terms the main features of the policy under
which the PFP planned to save South Africa;

--To clarify that the PFP occupied a central position in the country's
political spectrum, rejecting extremist ideologies to both left and right; and

~-To define more clearly the role of the PFP in speeding up the destruction of’
apartheid and its aim to play an important role in post-apartheid government.

Mr Eglin said the fundamental principle in his party policy was that of
freedom of choice as opposed to the forced apartheid of the government.

“The party will also be reaching out to those who do not have a vote but who
will have to be brought in at a future date.”

The campaign would be based on posters, stickers and advertising bearing the
slogan.

/12913
CSO: 3400/1793 95



that should not be interpreted as an indication that we are in the process

of liquidating our interests. We have 500 employees, many of whom have been
with us for several years, and we cannot simply fire these people. Many of
our employees are black, and we treat them on an equal footing with the white
population."

Hoping Medications Will be Excepted

Novo Industries has for many years been operating in South Africa and provides
the majority of the country's diabetics with insulin. If Novo is to close down
its enterprise in South Africa, South African diabetics will have to try other
insulin products. Sonnich Fryland, director of Novo, says:

"ye do not advocate apartheid, but using medicine in a political confrontation
is wrong to diabetics. It has also been recognized internationally that the
lack of medications to sick persons shall not be used as a political weapon.
For it is a question of treatment of sick people who need insulin on a con~
tinuous basis. And since Novo has 90 percent of the market, we are obligated
to continue. At any rate, until a Danish political decision has been made.

I hope that medications will be excepted from the legislation since the
legislative committee is working very seriously and has listened to us. An
entirely different matter is that there is a Danish law prohibiting new invest-
ments in South Africa, and we are complying with that law."

The East Asiatic Company has for many years had trade relations with South
Africa. Henning Hempel Spars¢, presiding, managing director, says:

"As long as the East Asiatic Company ig welcome and appreciated in South Africa
and no law prevents us from remaining in the country, we shall remain there.

We are working on that basis since the East Asiatic Company is not involved in
politics. The activities in South Africa of the East Asiatic Company are sole-
ly a question of the sales of graphic equipment, such as Heidelberg's printing
machines. This activity is going well. There are also indications that the
South African rand has been strengthened, and the trend of economic activities
is slightly increasing.

7262
cso: 3613/119

100



JpRS-SSA~86~062
13 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

HEUNIS DISCUSSES LAND FOR BLACK HOUSING
MB131954 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1952 GMT 13 May 86

{Text] House of Assembly, 13 May, SAPA--The Minister of Constitutional
Development and Planning, Mr Chris Heunis, said today he would not let himself
be threatened by anyone when it came to claims for residential land. He was
reacting in his reply to debate on his budget vote, to points raised by Mr
W.E. van der Merwe (CP [Conservative Party] Meyerton).

The minister said Mr van der Merwe referred to a request from the town council
of Katlehong for additional ground for housing. Such an application had
indeed been received and was being investigated, with regard for the needs of
all the various population groups.

Mr Meyer had also referred to a newspaper report quoting Katlehong's mayor as
saying his town needed 27,000 housing units by 1987 and that it was
“shortsighted planning by the government not to have done its homework
properly."

"I do not read into this anything more than a straightforward statement," said
Mr Heunis. “I do however want to repeat that claims by all population groups
for more ground must be made in a responsible manner. I will not allow myself
to be threatened from any side."

Replying to Dr T.G. Alant (NP [National Party] Pretoria East), who said that
he was told there were about 70,000 blacks sleeping illegally in the backyards
of white areas of Pretoria and called for family accommodation for these
people within reasonable commuting distance of the city, he said the matter
was receiving urgent attention.

Mr Heunis also said it was not government policy to stifle industrial growth
in the metropolitan areas, but to create new jobs in areas which were not
subjected to the same degree of congestion as the metropolitan core areas.

/12913
CsO: 3400/1703

63



SJPRS*SSA~86+062
13 June 1986

In a statement the SACEC said the last few weeks showed a glimmer of hope that
the government was reconsidering its stance towards the African National
Congress, and that the Eminent Persons Group (EPG) had a measure of success as
honest broker.

“It pains us that any progress of these past wecks has been seriously
jeopardized. The bishops conference, at its recent extraordinary plenary
session, took note that the initiative of the EPG might demand a reassessment
of the issue of economic pressure as the most effective of non-violent means
to change the system of apartheid and its inherent injustices.

“The Government must be warned that SADF adventurisms such as this week's
raids seriously threaten the work of the EPG and increase the prospects of
international economic pressure and of local violent retribution,” the
statement claimed.

Genuine political reforms are simply invalidated by such military actions,
pointed out the statement.

“As religious and moral leaders, we call on all parties trapped in the South
African spiral of violence to come to their senses and implement truce
Christian peace and justice," said the statement.

Raids Reportedly Result of Truce Support
MB221222 Umtata Capital Radio in English 1200 GMT, 22 May 86

[Text] Diplomats in London say this week's cross-border raids were an attempt
by right wing members of the South African Government to prevent negotiations
between Pretoria and the ANC. The speculation follows reports that Nelson
Mandela told the Commonwealth peace group at Pollsmoor Prison last Friday that
he supports an ANC truce and talks with the South African authorities. (Neil
Grantham) reports.

[Grantham] His offer is said to have included a truce by the outlawed ANC and
talks with the South African Government, and it could have opened the door for
a peaceful end to apartheid. But officials at Westminister and the
Commmonwealth Secretariat believe his offer was overheard by a South African
Government observer accompanying the peace seekers. The observer's version of
the offer is thought to have triggered panic in Pretoria over the possibility
of a breakthrough to a negotiated deal, which the right wing of the National
Party would condemn as betrayal of white interests. It is pointed out
ministers never thought Mandela would make such an offer. Forty-eight hours
after the offer, the South Africans crippled the Commonwealth peace mission
with raids on alleged ANC targets in three black African countries.

/12913
CSO: . 3400/1793

69



ANGOLA -- STATISTICAL DATA

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF ANGOLA

Population:
Population Density:
Ethnic Groups:
Languages

Religion:
Geography:
Location:

Capital:
Economy:

Financial:

FOB Exports:
CIF Imports:

8,300,000 (1984)

15.2 per sq mi

38% Ovimbundu, 23% KimbundU, 13% Bakongo

Portuguese (official) and various Bantu dialects

68% Catholic, 20% Protestant, remainder traditionalist
Areas 1,246,700 sq km

West Africa, bordering Zaire, Zambia, Namibia (clockwise
from North), with 1,600 km of Atlantic coastline
Luanda (1982 population 1.2 million)

Industries: Petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, manganese,
alcohol, textiles, palm oil, fishing.

Agriculture: Cotton, coffee, sugar cane, tobacco, corn,
sisal, bananas

Arable land: 2%

Meat production: 51,000 metric tons of beef (1980),
13,000 metric tons of pork (1980); 168,114 metric tons of
fish (1983)

Currency: Kwanza (29.92 to the dollar November 1985)
GNP: $7.6 billion (1982)

1976 per capita income: $500

$1.859 billion (1983); $1.692 billion (1982)

$768 million (1983); $1.005 billion (1982)

Principal Trading Partners:

Exports: USA: $1.010 billion (1984)
Bahamas and United Kingdom: £159 million
Imports: Portugal: $154 million (1984)
USA: $103 million

France: 100 million

Foreign Debt: (1984) $2.279 billion

14



T3 June 1986

appointees and said: "South Africans are rapidly becoming the most under-
represented and over-governed people this side of the Iron Curtain. "The
government is the only growth industry in the country" whose costs the
taxpayer was burdened with, he said. The PFP had a vital role to play, not
just as an opposition, “but as part of an alternative government in the South
Africa of tomorrow.” Mr Tian van der Merwe (PFP Green Point), who recently
met the jailed ANC leader Nelson Mandela, said he left Mandela with “hope” for
the future of South Africa. The ANC leader specifically saw his role as
contributing towards creating a climate of peace, he said. [Text]
[Johannesburg SAPA in English 0943 GMT 21 May 86 MB] /12913

BAN ON CAPE TIMES LIFTED--Johannesburg, May 7, SAPA--A 6-week ban on police
news to the CAPE TIMES has been lifted by the commissioner of police, a
spokesman for the National Press Union said tonight. He said a working
arrangement--that the CAPE TIMES again have access to police information--was
agreed to after the NPU/SAP Liaison Committee met in a special session in
Pretoria yesterday. The meeting followed complaints that the agreement be-
tween the SAP and the NPU had been broken by both parties. [Text] [Johannes-
burg SAPA in English 1829 GMT 7 May 86 MB] /8918

SURVEY SEES BUTHELEZI--Pretoria, May 2, SAPA--Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi is
more popular with Pretoria's Afrikaans businessmen than President P.W. Botha,
according to a survey by UNISA's [University of South Africa] school of
business leadership. A total of 83 per cent of Afrikaans-speaking respondents
rated the chief minister of Kwazulu a good leader compared to President Botha's
67 per cent. The survey was conducted in September last year. Among English-
speaking respondents, 63 per cent rated President Botha and Chief Buthelezi as
good. Former PFP [Progressive Federal Party] leader Dr Frederik van Zyl
Slabbert received the highest rating from English-speaking respondents. -~66
per cent. President Botha's drop in popularity "can almost certainly be as-
eribed to his Rubicon speech on August 15, 1985" the report said. Sixty-nine
per cent of respondents were against the government negotiating unconditionally
with the ANC, 15 per cent said perhaps and 16 per cent said. Yes. The differ-
ence in opinion between Afrikaans and English businessmen was not statistically
significant, the report said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1617 GMT

2 May 86 MB] /8918

BONUS FOR NUM MEMBERS~-Johannesburg, 12 May, SAPA--The National Union of
Mineworkers [NUM] had won "significant" production bonuses for its members at
Western Deep Levels Gold Mine, the union said in a statement to SAPA today.
The statement said the scheme, negotiated with the mine's management, included
a 27 percent increase on the production bonuses for all stopping production.
In addition, bonuses of 75 percent were also gained for the development ,
tramming and vamping workers which will come into operation next month. The
NUM said this was a major gain. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1708
GMT 12 May 86 MB] /12913

"NET LOSS OF IMMIGRANTS'~-Parliament, 14 May, SAPA--South Africa recorded a
net loss of immigrants during the second half of 1985, according to the
National Manpower Commission. The net gain for the year was 5,883, compared
to 20,243 in 1984, according to the commission's annual report tabled today.
It said 17,284 people immigrated to South Africa and 11,401 emigrated last
year, against 28,793 immigrants and 8,550 emigrants in 1984. A net gain of
immigrants was recorded during the first six months of last year. In 1985,

97



JPRS«SSA*86~062
13 June 1986

ETHIOPIA

CONSTRUCTION TRAINING COMPLEX INAUGURATED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 27 Apr 86 pp 1, 6

[Text]
ARBA MINCH (ENA) — Ninety

per cent of the work on tho Arba
Minch Water Technology . Institute
here, the first of its kind in the coun-
try, has been completed."

Comrade Kassaye Degefu, the pro-
ject engineer, pointed out that the cons-
truction of facilities for the institute
was began two years ago under the
directive of the Revolutionary Leader.
The facilities include residential quar-
ters for 18 -families, administrative
quarters, a student dormitory, a hydro-
electric laboratory, workshops, trans-
former and national meteorological

rooms. The institute covers an area of -
10,530 square metres.

Comrade Kassaye also reported that
work of the Arba Minch ‘Teacher
‘Training Institute under construction
here i is 65 per cent completed.
“Comrade Kasahun Tafesse, member
of the CC of thé WPE and First Sec-
retary of the. Gamo Gofo region WPE
Committee, visited the two institutes
under construction Friday. He urged”
engineers and. workers deployed on ‘the
two projects to complete the rest of
work with the minimum of delay. Com-
xade Kasahun ‘and other officials also
visited Friday eroeodile breeding site
in the area,

13104
cso: 3400/1761
‘ 19



compartments, the hull, made of GRP laminate, has a thickness of 150 mm

at the level of the keel, and of 50 mm at the height of the upper deck.
With the vertical sonar shaft, and with the shaft for the auxiliary bow
propellers in the event it is to be equipped with the latter, integrally
molded at the same time, as are also the roll stabilizers, the hull is
completed in 50 days, in a metallic mold. Using four semi-automatic imp-
regnators working simultaneously, the constancy of the impregnation of

the glass-fiber tissues with the resin is guaranteed; the only still extant
manual labor is limited to the consolidation of the layers deposited by
these machines.

This hull, with its very weak magnetic and acoustic signatures, is.also
characterized by its high strength. It is designed to buckle under the
impact of an explosion and to absorb and attenuate it. All operational
stations are located above the main deck, thus providing better protection
for the personnel by positioning them at a respectable distance away from
the zones that are particularly subject to the effect of shock waves.

The fuel, oil and water tanks, also made of GRP, are not structural. Large
and cylindrical in shape, they are "strapped" directly to the bulkheads,

as are the main-engine mountings and equipment mountings. The reliability
of this construction was successfully tested on a two-third scale, fully-
equipped ship-section, fitted to reproduce the configuration of the main
engines, the emplacements of the tanks, the sonar shafts, the electrical
circuits, etc. The section was subjected to 14 underwater explosions.
Carrying the testing even further, on 13 January of this year, under the
control of the Italian Navy, a full-scale live strength-test was run on
the Malaysian ship Ladang M-13. The readings recorded by 30 sensors demon-
strated the perfect strength of the ship when a proximity-fused depth
charge was exploded under water.

Different Productions

In service since 1985 in the Italian and Malaysian Navies, each with four
units (Italy: Lerici M 5550, Sapri M 5551, Milazzo M 5552, and Vieste

M 5553; Malaysia: Mahamiru M 11; Jerai M 12, Ladang M 13, and Kinabalu

M 14), the Intermarine mine hunter/sweeper has also been chosen by Nigeria.
These ships, though very similar, nevertheless differ from each other

as regards several characteristics. [See chart].

Launching for Nigeria

In 1983, the Nigerian Navy placed an order on Intermarine for one mine
hunter/sweeper, backed by an additional option. On 9 March 1983, the sale
of the first unit, the Ohue M 371, was confirmed, followed some time later
time thereafter by that of the second unit, the Maraba M 372. The first
ship was laid on the stocks on 23 July 1984 and the second on 11 March

1985.

Christened on 22 November 1985 by Mrs*Rebecca Aikomu, wife of the chief
of staff of the Nigerian Navy, the NNS Ohue M 371 was launched at Sarzana

48



An advisory committee of Indian experts in languages, music, culture and the
arts should be established in addition to a religious advisory committee.

Referring to his speech at Treverton College speech day recently, he said he
had received a phone call afterwards from a SABC newsman. The newsman had
asked him if he would stand in front of a camera and speak for "a few
minutes." “He said he wanted his boss to think he had been at the speech
day," Mr Rajbansi said.

Replying to the debate, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Ron Miller,
said the feelings of members would be taken seriously and they would be able
to put their case to a delegation of executives of the SABC.

It was likely that all groups felt they received too little exposure on TV.
Members should bear in mind that the SATV was market-oriented and too into
account the cost-effect of programmes and their impact on listenership and

advertising revenue.

/12913
CSO: 3400/1704

93



NIC PREPARES REVISED INVESTMENT CODE

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 8 May 86 p 12

[Text]

! The National Invest-
ment Commission (NIC)
has submitted a re-
vised investment in-
centive code to the
National Legislature
for, ratification, NIC
|Chairman Mr. Francis
‘'L.M Horton has dis-
closed.

He said the revised,
code “reflects more|
liberal. incentives to
would-be-investors"
because it has been
significantly improved
in terms of the level.
and duration of incen-
tives for both foreign
and local investors.

Chairman Horton was
speaking Monday at the
launching of* a week-
long . public’ rélations
campaign organized by
the NIC to enlighten
the public on its ac-
tivities and future
programs. |

The NIC chairman al-
So disclosed that an
entire -chapter of the
revised code is devot-
ed to the small and

‘Wedtum scale Libertan-|

113104
CSO: 3400/1807

‘owned: business sector|
unlike the old code
which. was "silent on
this important sector
\of the Liberian econo-
my.:"* .

Mr. Horton said the
jNIC intends to embark
jupon an- "aggressive
program" of -smali-
jscale indigenous busi-
mess development sup-
ported by a parallel
‘program Of indigenous
‘entrepreneurship deve-:
lopment.

"It is our sincere
conviction “that one
jof the surest avenues
ito self-sufficiency
and improve living con-
ditions is small and
médium scale “indige-
nous -trade and indus+
trial development",

Mr. Horton told news-
‘nen at the press con-
‘ference.

Mr. Horton. further
noted that incolla-
boration with other
agencies, NIC would
embark on a program
aimed at locating al-
ternative sources of

31

SPRS*SSA=86+062

13 June 1986

LIBERIA

financing for -small
Liberian-owned’ busi-
nesses..

He said NIC would
jendeavour to encourage
[the established and
‘operation of’ indus-
tries, especially
"those whoga activi~ :
ties are geared to-;

wards the Production |
of export-oriented ,
goods and services",
and added that NIC

would work in close
Cooperation with the.
Liberia Industrial Free
Zone Authority in at-

tracting such ‘invest-
ment." :

He further said the"
commission would
strive to work closely
with labour unions,
marketing and drivers’
associations, as well
as small médium busi-
ness associations and
Professional organi-
zations and several
government ministries
and agencies for bet-
terment of the invest-
ment climate in the
country.



2.500

2.000
1.750
1.500
1.250
1,000

750

250

ANGOLA: COMERCIO EXTERNO (EM MILHOES DE DOLARES) EXP (FOB) (1)
imp (cir) sie (2)
(a) - Estimative:

ES] 2.25010)

1.774
aura
1.692

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982-1983 1984

ANGOLA: PRINCIPAIS IMPORTACOES EM 1984 (EM MILHOES DE DOLARES) (3)

153,6

PORT. fUA FRAN. ESP. HOL RFA GB. ITA. BEL/LUX.
4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 0) 11) 1.2)

1. Angolan Foreign Trade:
2. CIF Imports

3.

4. Portugal

5. USA

6. France

7. Spain

8. The Netherlands

9. West Germany

10. Great Britain

1l. Italy

12. Belgium/Luxembourg
8844/12232

CSO: 3442/204

FOB Exports in Millions of Dollars
(a) Estimated
Angola: Principal 1984 Imports in Millions of Dollars

15



The second pillar of the system is the one which holds up general :
affairs, or power-sharing. ag ain *

Starting from the bottom, the various primary local authorities

in a particular region have representation on a regional services
- council. _

The number of seats an authority may have on an RSC is direct-
ly proportional to that authority’s consumption of services in the
Tegion but in no case may it be more than half. ‘

Each local authority in the region is represented and decisions
are taken by majority vote, ensuring that all race groups resident
in the region are consulted. ig

REGIONAL POWER-SHARING STRUCTURES -

Power-sharing structures at regional level are to be. the new
executive provincial administrations which will be in charge of
general affairs. t : :

‘The Administrator and executive committee of each province
will be appointed by the State President and there is no prescrip-
tion that these functionaries should be white.

Provision is also made for joint executive structures to be creat-
ed between provinces and self-governing States, such as the‘envi-
saged Natal/kwaZulu administration. 6

The ‘provincial administrations will be accountable to Parlia-
ment by, way of the Joint Standing Committee on the prov-
inces. ‘

At central level, whites, coloured people and Indians “share”
Power in that all general affairs legislation must be passed by each
House, . -

Not. shown on the diagram, but playing an important role in
entrenching overall white supremacy, is the white-dominated Pres-
ident’s Council which has powers to arbitrate on deadlocked legis-
lation. - . ‘

Just how blacks are eventually ‘to be brought into the central
government is something still to be negotiated. a

A National Statutory Council, with advisory functions which will
bring blacks into the highest advisory level of government, is also
‘planned. 4 BL ey

The highest executive for general affairs is the Cabinet and,
ultimately, the State President. :

In theory, the President may be white, coloured or’ Indian. In
Practice, this position is filled by an electoral college which is
numerically loaded in favour of the governing party in the white
House of Assembly. vot

59



Missed Opportunities

These figures reveal only a portion of the problems that affect economic rela-
tions between Portugal and Portuguese-speaking Africa. One of the more negative
aspects of these trade relations is precisely the fact that a small number of
products--almost all of which are consumer goods-~account for more than 50
percent of Portugal's exports. This means that the volume of technology and
services exported has been very small--a fact that is significant iff we remember
that almost the entire production apparatus existing today in these African
countries was installed by the Portuguese.

Leite Araujo, who became the first president of the ICEP in 1982. when that
entity superseded the Export Promotion Fund, believes it is “yegrettable" that
Portugal is not making use of its "advantage of possessing an intermediate
technology that is perfectly adapted to the installed production apparatus,
with which the Portuguese are, moreover, perfectly familiar."

“The interest in this type of collaboration," Leite Araujo contends, "is bilat-
eral, because those African countries whose official language is Portuguese

have imported technology that is not adapted to existing conditions, thereby
establishing ties of dependency with respect to."know-how" that have put these
countries at a disadvantage. It's just that Portugal has been unable to capital-
ize on this important opportunity."

"Wagering on the Future: The Spanish Example"

The conclusion reached by the experts contacted by EXPRESSO is that Portugal is
not staking its claim on the scene. And positioning oneself on the scene is in
fact the question, for what is at stake in Africa--at least in the economic
sphere--is not the present but the future: it is the ability to participate in
the conquest of an overall market that today represents a population of 353
million--a population which according to estimates should reach 700 million by
the beginning of the year 2000.

This willingness to gamble on the future is the reason why many countries and
firms are offering the Africans fabulous contracts (as for example time sales
at 0.75 percent interest with 50 years to pay) which according to Leite Araujo
"have nothing to do with cooperation but have a great deal to do with political
strategy." In this context of very intense competition at a high level of
aggressiveness, imagination would appear to be a suitable weapon for combating
the "law of the survival of the fittest." The Spaniards, for example, are
operating with increasing success in the former Portuguese colonies, thanks to
a unified strategy adopted by the government entities and the private companies
and in which a leading role has been played by FACOEX, a semigovernmental enter-
prise that operates in the area of barter trade, which is a system increasingly
employed by countries that have difficulty paying with foreign exchange.

This is the case in Angola, where--in addition _to Spain--Brazil, France, Great
Britain, and even Italy and Austria are involved in a growing number of projects
and agreements relating to petroleum, the metalworking industry, the food indus-

try, construction, textiles, and the export of wines, as well as cooperation in



and third tier government at this stage, while this pressure and uncertainty
exists?

{Van Wyk] I think that is precisely the reason why we should go ahead at this
stage and try to build up the new system as strongly as possible. As you have
said, these form the building blocks without which a healthy structure cannot
be built in this country. And if we do not move in now in order to ensure
that the existing problems are removed, then I believe we will make no
progress. You have said the black local authorities are under great pressure.
That is so. But we should ask ourselves why that is so. And one of the
reasons, as far as I can see, if one looks back to what has happened, is the
fact that there were insufficient funds available to these authorities, and
they were not able to bring about a marked improvement in the quality of life
of the inhabitants of those towns and cities. And it is through the
admittedly unpopular new levies which will become payable that we are trying
to bring about that improvement in the quality of life.

[Robinson] Doctor, in conclusion, it seems that Natal and KwaZulu are busy
with their own option, which they are working on at present in Natal. Now,
how is that system which they are developing in Natal going to fit in with the
new provincial administrations?

[Van Wyk] The administrator of Natal and the chief minister of KwaZulu sent a
request to the government for the establishment of a joint executive authority
for those two regional governments, and the government has announced that
their request is to be granted, and that therefore a joint executive body
could be brought into being. And, if one looks at the geography of Natal and
KwaZulu, then it becomes clear that one could not build even a road in either
Natal or KwaZulu without there necessarily being close cooperation between the
two. So it really boils down to a matter of the close cooperation for the
purposes of healthy administration. on a daily basis.

[Robinson] Dr Van Wyk, thank you very much for taking part in this progran
this evening. Unfortunately we cannot continue the discussion now, but we
would like to return to this subject sometime again, before the new councils
are established. For the moment, thank you.

112913
CSO: 3400/1704

91



JPRS*SSA~86~062
13 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO CALM IN SPITE OF RECENT RENAMO ATTACK

Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 25 Apr 86 p 15

[Text] An armored vehicle, something new in attacks that have occurred in
Mozambique to date, exploded violently at dawn on Monday, opposite the main
public transport station in Maputo. It was an enormous blast which awoke the
city at dawn, a time when the street was almost deserted.

A total of 43 persons resting in their homes suddenly found themselves injured
or dazed, not knowing the source of the shells or shrapnel entering their
residences, destroying walls and spreading panic. When hospitalized, they were
teleased a few hours later: fright and slight injuries were the toll.

The attack was initially claimed in Lisbon by Jorge Correia, and later repudi-
ated by Evo Fernandes, stating that there had been "a misunderstanding," and
noting that the explosion had been the work of "FRELIMO groups" opposed to the

Maputo regime.

The block of the armored Volkswagen engine was found nearly 40 meters from

the site of the blast, which made a hole measuring 1.5 meters in diameter and
50 centimeters deep. The license plate also came off intact, and reports from
a military source claim that it was South African. Also found were two
completely intact explosive devices.

The perpetrator of the attack and the reason for its having been made on a site
without any apparent political significance are some of the unanswered questions.

Could the public transportation enterprise have been the previously selected
target? If so, the goals were not attained, because there was no damage.

The vehicle was parked on the opposite side and took the adjoining properties
by surprise. At the time of the explosion, 0455 hours in the morning, the
bus engines are usually being warmed up to begin the regular runs.

Could it have been the intention merely to trigger a wave of panic among the

riders? Or was it an attempt to destabilize city life, with RENAMO [Mozambican
National Resistance] making attacks a few kilometers from the city? Or did

36



13 June 1986 —

the country recorded net gains of 60 engineers, 73 doctors and dentists and 43
teachers, compared with 647, 163, and 195 in 1984. There was a net loss of 12
accountants last year. Altogether 469 engineers, 70 doctors and dentists, 140
accountants and 145 teachers emigrated last year, against 305, 56, 100 and 146
in the previous year. A net gain of 2,938 people who were not economically
active was recorded last year, with 6,530 emigrating, according to the report.
[Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1411 GMT 14 May 86 MB] /12913

SECOND-TIER GOVERNMENT DISCUSSED--House of Assembly, 12 May, SAPA--South
Africa needed a strengthening and not a weakening second-tier government, Mr
Ray Swart (PFP [Progressive Federal Party] Berea), said today. Speaking in
committee on the constitutional development and planning vote, Mr Swart said
what was needed was an extension and not an abolition of direct representation
in the operation of second-tier government. “The government appears totally
obsessed with group consideration and group representation in the proposals
which it has in mind both for third-tier and second-tier government.” The
country had been lead to believe that provincial levels would be taken by a
nominated executive-—perhaps multi-racial--and it would appear that these
institutions would have no legislative power. “T must ask how this system is

going to operate in conjunction with the system of government operating in the
existing national states because you will have a totally lopsided situation as

between the powers of the national states and the powers and method of
operation of the second-tier government as it affects whites, coloureds and
Asians,” Mr Swart said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1722 GMT 12 May

86 MB] /12913

cso: 3400/1704

98



/13104
cso:

gun. Machel acknowledges his
country’s. enduring economic de-
pendence on South Africa, and both
countries appear eager to see an
expansion of mutual economic ties.

"It is likely, though by no means
certain, that the embarrassing rev-
elations of official links to the MNR
have finally forced the South Afri-
can government to resolve its in-
ternal contradictions in policy to-
wards Mozambique.

“Thus, while Machel has unilat-
erally suspended the activities of
the joint security commission,
South Africa is trying again to
patch up the fraying Nkomati Ac-
cord. In October the SADF said it
had provided the Mozambican
army with about $2m in vehicles
and equipment.

“In December Pretoria’s official
trade representative in Mozam-
bique expressed its government’s
interest in supporting economic de-
velopment projects.

“Mozambique’s relations with

3400/1805

39

: the West also have continued to
improve. Warm expressions of US
support during Machel's visit to the
White House in September were
followed by the statement of the
new Portuguese prime minister,
Anibal Cavaco Silva, in January
1986 that Portugal is committed to
strengthening co-operation with
Mozambique. And Britain has be-
gn a training programme for
lield-grade officers of Mozam-
bique’s army.

“The MNR’s activities will al-
most certainly continue to pose a
serious security problem for
Mozambique well beyond 1986. But
the apparent termination of South
African support, together with the
success of recent government of-
fensives, officially claimed to have
inflicted 2000 ‘casualties on the
MNR in 1985, suggest that its guer-
rilla activities will gradually di-
iinish in scope and effectiveness
— the more so if external financing
of its largely mercenary forces is
cut off.”