PEOPLE'S JUSTICE SEEN AS IMPORTANT PART OF PEOPLE'S POWER

JPRS“SSA~86*060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Cape Town GRASSROOTS in English May . 86 p 14

[Text]

“PEOPLE’S justice is part of
People’s Power”

This is what Raymond Suttner
told a UCT law conference this
month. He explained that people’s
power- was very different from
ungovernability. , :

“If an area is ungovernable, no-
one has control. But with the
growth of people’s power, the
people are beginning to govern.
themselves. In many areas, the
people’s organisations are taking
over institutions that used to be
run by the government — ‘such as
creches, first’ aid centres, parks
and so on,

Police seen as enemies

“The development of people’s
justice is a very important part of
people’s power. Most people do
not believe in the police, or the
courts, They do not see these
things as helping them in any way.
In fact, they see the police and
courts as enemies of the people.

‘Now, when people have prob-
Jems ‘with crime, or family
quarrels they do not go and lay a
charge at the police station. They
go to the people’s organisations —
the civics, or the street com-
mittees, or the UDF.

“In townships all over South
Africa — particularly in the Trans-'
vaal, and Eastern Cape, the
people’s organisations are finding
ways of dealing with quarrels and

55

crime. In some areas, they have
set up people’s courts, or people’s
advisory centres, as they are some-
times called.”

“But we do not see these
things as working like the govern-
ment’s' courts. They are very
different,” a community leader
told Mr Suttner.

_ Mr Suttner’ said that the
“People’s courts” are differény
from the government courts in
four important ways:—

They are created by people’s
organisations, and are completely
responsible to the people of the
community. They cannot do any-
thing that the people would not
approve of.

© They do not have this difficult
i“legal” language that nobody
understands, Everybody follows
what is happening, and takes part.

e There is jno all powerful
judge, or prosecutor. Everyone
has a fair chance to explain their
: case,

@ They do not punish offenders. |
They try to make people under-
stand the wrongness of their
actions.

This last point is a very im-
portant part of the People’s
Justice. “We understand that
crime is because of apartheid,” a
community leader said. “We can-
not punish someone for stealing

becausé apartheid has made him



LACK OF PESTICIDES THREATENS COCOA PRODUCTION, EARNINGS

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 18 Apr 86 p 16

[Article by Chris Ogbaekirigwe]

[Text]

/12828
CSO:

IGERIA’s foreign exchange earnings from this year’s cocoa

export is very shaky and her desire to de-emphasize its sole
dependence on petroleum which is the country’s major foreign
reserve yielder, may be affected.

This is because the Nigerian Cocoa Board (NCB) which caters
for all cocoa-producing areas in the country, has not been able to
secure this year’s import licence with which to buy pesticides from
abroad.

Also willing cocoa farmers are sitting precariously on the fence
watching as their crops are being threatened by pests, especially the
malignant black pod, which does not spare cocoa seeds.

My findings in Ibadan show that there are up to 18 different
types of chemicals that have to be purchased and mixed together to
form a compound mixture for use by farmers,

Some of the chemicals: cupper sulphate, hydrated lime, terenox
and caocobre sandoz, among others.

Investigations revealed that cocoa trees require constant care,
right from the nursery to full growth and the care is mainly based
of the use of spraying chemicals as mentioned above.

In the nursery, a special chemical has to be applied to prevent
the buds from being stunted by pests. “At the approach of every
rainy season, they have to be sprayed and, also every flowering
season’, said a competent authority in the cocoa board.

Now is just the right time to spray these cocoa trees, but
unfortunately, the chemicals are nowhere to be seen, because of
the import licence palaver, a situation which Mr Dele Salami of
Iesha described to the Daily Star as ‘‘very dangerous"’.

The Star visited other cocoa-producing areas in Oyo State, like
Ile-Ife, Modakeke, Gbogan, Ekpetumodu, among others, and
farmers expressed the same gloom over this year’s cocoa yield.

Said Mr Tajudeen Olukoya of Gbogan: “I learnt cocoa farming
from my late father, and, since my childhood, I have been in the
business. This present lack of chemicals to save my cocoa farm
from the menace of pests, could.be the beginning of the end of my
livelihood.” .

The NCB whose offices are located in the Capital Building, Ring
Road, Ibadan, is not particularly happy over this issue as farmers
have continued to besiege the board, demanding their annual
allocation of spraying chemicals.

The chemicals are all imported, either directly by NCB or
through its numerous agents, according to the board’s principal
public relations officer, Mr Kunle Ogunleye.

3400/1768

21

JPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

NIGERIA



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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JPRS“SSA*86*060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SELF-GOVERNING STATES OFFICIALS DISCUSS DEVELOPMENT BANK
MB221337 Johannesburg SAPA in. English 1326 GMT 22 May 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 22 May (SAPA)--Representatives of the governments

of the six self-governing states in South Africa met in Sandton near here
today for discussions on development issues and the activities and progress
of the Development Bank of Southern Africa.

This is the second meeting of its kind since the establishment of the bank
in 1983, where the self-governing states who participate in the bank's
activities through South Africa's membership, are informed of the bank's
activities.

The meeting was chaired by Dr Gerrit Viljoen, South African minister of
education and development aid.

Apart from South Africa, the other members of the bank at present are
Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei.

The self governing member states are Gazankulu, Kangwane, Kwandebele,
KwaZulu, Lebowa and Qwaqwa.

The meeting was attended by chief ministers, ministers, commissioners
general and officials of the self-governing states and their development
corporations as well as Mr Own Horwood, president of the Council of
Governors of the bank.

In a statement issued by the delegates, the meeting was described as
informative. It provided a useful opportunity for "constructive dialogue"
on the various development issues and ideals of all concerned, and in
particular in their interaction with the Development Bank.

/9738
cso: 3400/1797

64



JPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NATAL TEACHERS COMMITTED TO REFORM, , INTEGRATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 May 86 p 14

[Text] DURBAN. — A large

majority of Natal Teach-
ers’ Society members are
committed to reform and
integration‘and are ready
to face the challenges of a
non-facial educational ,
system, according to a re-
cent Natal University sur-
vey. «

‘The survey also reveals
that most NTS members
are more liberal than con-
servative, want greater
contact and communica-
tion between Black and
White pupils and are will-
ing to move into non-
racial professional organi-.
sations.

Titled “Separation or
Integration” and con-
ducted on behalf of the
NTS by Professor Law-
rence Schlemmer and
Miss Monica Bot of the
Centre for Applied Social -
Sciences, the purpose of
the survey was to discover
Natal teachers’ attitudes
to non-racial education.

Mr Mike Ellis, the |
president of the NTS, said '
yesterday that at their an-
nual education confer-
ence in Durban next week
the society will consider
asking the Natal Educa-
tion Department to urg-
ently plan for a non-racial

aw educational system.

3400/1784

“About a’ month ago:
the Minister of National .
Education, Mr F W de
Klerk, cleared the way for

individual education de-
partments to plan for the
future themselves,” “Mr
Ellis said.

“We will be looking
closely at the implications
of his statement at the
conference.

“We will also discuss
the issue of the Govern-
ment subsidisation of pri-
vate schools on a racial
basis,” Mr Ellis said. “We
support the private school

stand that the proposed ~

subsidisation system will
entrench apartheid.”

The Parents Associa-
tion of Natal, which rep-
resents the school com-
mittees of 92 Natal
schools, has passed a vote
of no confidence ‘in, the
Director of Eduction
and the Natal Provincial
Council over their hand-
ling of the issue of the
framing and introduction
of new regulations gov-
erning education in Natal.

Parents in Natal are
seeking an urgent mect-
ing with the Minister of
Education and Culture,

over two main issues —

which they oppose: The

75

creation of regional com:

' mittees, and the forced

split between English and
Afrikaans-speaking  par-
ents, even at the same
schools.

PANNO chairman Mr
BK Turner held that at a
meeting with the Direc-
tor, the MEC and Provin-
cial Councillors, parents
were assured by the auth-
orities that they would be
fully consulted before
new regulations were in-
troduced. PANNO, along
with all the advisory
school committees
throughout Natal, were
invited by the Director to
submit detailed com-
ments and critique on the
proposed new regulations
before the end of Janu-
ary. — Sapa.



the ensuing fight with security forces he was wounded but managed to
escape. He then got rid of his uniform and mask, and went to the hospital
to receive treatment for his wounds, but he was arrested after confessing
his crimes. The stolen money was recovered. Considering all aggravating
and attenuating circumstances, the tribunal sentenced the accused to 25
years in jail. :

6. (Augusto Unguene Goncalves), (Gilberto Armando Naiene), (Lourenco
Matchanje Moiane), and (Francisco Manuel Timane). ‘They joined the ranks
of armed bandits where they received military training and committed
several crimes in collaboration with enemy organization.

Augusto Goncalves [words indistinct] in a bandit camp. He played an
important role in the planning and launching of operations against our
people and the People's Republic of Mozambique, [words indistinct] in the
sensitive telecommunications sector. The tribunal sentenced him to 20
years in jail.

Gilberto Naiene [sentence indistinct]. He committed terrorist actions but
for unforeseen reasons the plan he was to carry out was aborted before it
had even started. He was sentenced to 15 years in jail.

(Lourenco Moiane) and (Francisco Timane) they were sentenced to 12 and 8
years in jail respectively. They carried out reconnaissance missions of
several economic targets in the Matoal region which were to be attacked .
later. They infiltrated the people's militias but were detected and
neutralized. Several aggravating circumstances were proved against Moiane
and that is why his sentence is heavier.

7. (Joaquim Jaime Zucula), (Orlando Venancio Massingue), and (Silva Ernesto
Machel). They collaborated with the enemy groups [words indistinct].
(Joaquim Zucula) was sentenced to 6 years in jail, while (Orlando Massingue)
and (Silva Machel) got 5 years in jail.

8. During this present session, the tribunal revealed that another four
were to be tried for crimes of different nature. However, due to the
fact that not enough evidence could be presented in court, the tribunal
decided to postpone the trial of these four persons.

/9738
cso: 3400/1798

11



JPRS*SSA=86+060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COLORED, INDIAN MINISTERS WANT CABINET PORTFOLIOS

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 4 May 86 p 19

{Article by David Breier]

[Text]

AFTER nearly two years in the
Cabinet, South Africa’s two col-
oured and Indian Ministers
have still not been entrusted
with Cabinet portfolios.

Coloured and Indian parties
are now adamant that the Na-
tionalist_ Government must
show ‘it really’ means to share
power, by giving them “general
affairs” portfolios.

The NP's coloured and In-
dian partners in government
have so far been precluded
from having any authority over
affairs which could involve
whites.

This week, the only Indian
Cabinet Minister, Mr Ami-
chand Rajbansi, made history
by becoming the first man of
colour to address-the white
House of Assembly.

Neither he nor the only col-
oured Cabinet Minister, Mr
Allan Hendrickse, had pre-
viously addressed the white
chamber as neither has a Cabi-
net portfolio and therefore nei-
ther is answerable for any gen-
eral affairs department.

Mr Henrickse has had to con-
fine his speeches to the col-
oured chamber and Mr Rajban-
si to-the Indian chamber. White
Cabinet Ministers, in contrast,
address all three houses regu-
larly on their portfolios.

Mr Rajbansi’ became a his-
toric exception this week when '
he spoke in the white chamber.
on the new measures to allow!
Indians into the Free State and

/12828

CSO: 3400/1730

i
1

parts of Northern Natal which
were previously forbidden ter-
ritory. Obstacles to Indian im-
migration into. South: Africa

were also lifted.

As the matter. concerned In- :

dians directly, he’ was permit-
ted to address the white cham-
ber on the matter.

Mr Luwellyn Landers, Depu-
ty-Minister of Population De-
velopment, who is a member of
the coloured chamber, became
the second person of colour to
address the white chamber.

Coloured and. Indian MPs
point out that the chairman of
the white “own affairs” Minis-
ters’ Council, Mr F W de Klerk,
has a “general affairs” portfo-

lio as well - that-of National
Education.

But his counterparts in the
coloured and Indian Ministers’
Councils, Mr Hendrickse and
Mr Rajbansi respectively, have
no general affairs portfolios
even though they sit on the
Cabinet.

“It is now high time in this
country that a black man was
given a portfolio,” commented
Mr Miley Richards, deputy
leader of the Labour Party, the
majority party in the coloured
chamber. In the term “black
Man” he included coloured and
Indian people. “~~~ ;

“This needs to be done to
Prove that we axe a part of the
Government and part of the ex:
ecutive of the country,” he said.

Dr JN Reddy, Indian “own
affairs”. Minister of the Budget,
said that, when President P W

70

Botha first appointed eoloured
and Indian “general affairs”

- Ministers, he said he would not

give them portfolios yet as
they did not have the necessary
experience,

“They have been in the Cabi-
net for some time now, so it is
appropriate to reconsider the
matter,” he said.

Mr Rajbansi and Mr Hen-

’ drickse are-now no longer the

most junior members of Mr
Botha’s Cabinet. Dr Willie van
Niekerk, Minister of National
Health, is the most recent Cabi-
net appointment and, therefore,
their junior.

But, while he has a portfolio,
his senior Ministers who are
coloured and Indian do not.

There is one coloured and
one Indian general affairs Dep-
uty Minister. They are Mr
Landers and Mr SV Naicker,
Deputy Minister of Environ-
ment Affairs,

As Deputy Ministers, they
are not members of the Cabi-
net.

In- addition to this, there are
coloured and Indian “own af-
fairs” Minister's Councils. Mr
Hendrickse is the chairman of
the coloured council and Mr
Rajbansi of the Indian council.

When the new wing of Par-
liament, which includes a large
debating chamber, is complet
ed, it is possible that the three
houses will hold joint sittings
for second-reading debates,



INDUSTRIAL CAPACITY TO BE RAISED UNDER RECOVERY PLAN

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 8 May 86 p 1

{Text ]

19274
cso: 3400/1790

INDUSTRIAL -
utilization will be raised to 60 per
cent and cash crop exports
increased at the rate of nine per
cent annually beginning 1986/87
under the three-year economic
recovery plan estimated to cost
67.2bn/- (3.7million US dollars)
in foreign exchange.

capacity ~

"The plan, on which the 1986/ ”

87 development budget is based,
also. aims at boosting . food
production . to attain — self-
sufficiency. G

The economic recovery plan is
among the documents before the
National Consultative Economic
and Planning Council, which
ends a four-day session on the
1986/87 budget and annual plan
in Dar es Salaam today.” |.

The recovery plan is designed
to. promote. agricultural
production; _ rehabilitate the
physical ~ infrastructure ' to
improve directly — productive
ivities; increase indus!
capacity utilization and ‘to
restore internal and external
balances in the economy.

Under the plan, 2.5bn/- (143
million dollars) is required for
investment in agriculture to
expand food and’ cash crop

production. Special “*(cash) crop .

packages” are expected to effect
a-nine per cent-average annual
growth on exports: :
A further 1. 1bn/- (63.2 million
dollars) would: be «spent to
rehabilitate. agriculture _ while
7.6bn/- (ie? million dollars) is
estimated for the importationof
agricultural
inputs annual}

implements ‘| and

MK 2.2bn/. (L23million dollars) ;

investment is . planned for
industry to . raise _ capacity
production from the average of
‘0 to 30 per cent to at least 60 per

cent. .
Rehabilitation of — exis

28

industries, which is expected to
be completed in the first year of
the plan, would require 673.2m/-
(7.4 million dollars) while
annual imports of raw materials,
spare parts and other industrial
inputs are projected to consume
3.2bn/- (178 million dollars).

+ Proposed... investment in
communications amounts to-4.2bni-
(237.2 million dollars) and will cover
Construction of roads. _ wharfs,
godowns and provision of airport
navigation aids.

Rehabilitation ‘of “the “sector.
including construction equipment
workshops and other facilities would
claim one. billion/- il
dollars) under the plan._whic

ked 6,6bn/- (370 _ million
jars) for the importation of spare
and other services for the

Keator.

It is estimated that 21.6bn/- (1200
million dollars) of the total foreign
exchange injection required for the
plan, would be needed in 19868
Fadbar. (1300, million, dolla

1987/88 an
dollars) in 1988.

rs)

policies for

sectors would-be fationali

Producer price review systems
developed under the, Structural

Adjustment, Plan (SAP) would be
applied. Under . the system,
Producers would get a five per ceni
real increase in prices annually or 70
per cent of world market crop prices,
depending on which was greate:

ahh exchange rute of the shilling
will be reviewed constantly in
relation to the basket of currencies
guiding the country’s international

transactions to ~ ensure optinial
returns from exports. .
The plan stresses “cuits | on

government © spending to match
expenditure with revenue and hold
down the rate of money supply.

Meanwhile, the proposed | 1986/87
government budget at 31.470mi- is
an increase 6f about one billion/- and
not eight billion/- over the 1983/86
estimates as reported jin the Daily

lews ‘on Tuesday. The current

. budget is estimated at 30, 188m/-.

JPRS“SSA*86*060
11 June 1986

TANZANIA



JPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ADDITIONAL DAILY FLIGHT--South African Airways yesterday announced that from
June 1 it would be operating an additional daily flight on the busy
Johannesburg-East London-Port Elizabeth route. The new service will operate
from Monday to Thursday using Boeing 737 aircraft and the seating capacity
on this sector will be increased from 9038 to 9942 passengers a week. The
new schedule for the additional flight will be SA 421 departing Johannesburg
at 7,15 am and arriving in East London at 8,40 am. The flight leaves East
London 20 minutes later and will arrive in Port Elizabeth at 9,40 am. Thé
return flight will depart at 10 am and arrive back in Johannesburg at 11,30
am. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 May 86 p 3]/12828

SAA SELLS 3 AIRBUSES--South African Airways has sold three used Airbus A300,
250-seat, jets to Wardair International Ltd for about R240-million. Wardair
yesterday announced the purchase and said it would introduce them to service
in August as the first step in a planned fleet expansion. The airbus
purchases would allow the phasing out of two Boeing 747 planes, the Canadian
company said. [Text] [Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 10 May 86 p 2] ./12828

STANDARD BANK SURVEY ON SAVINGS--South Africans are counting their pennies,
rebuilding their savings and shunning credit purchases, the Standard Bank
reports in its latest economic survey. This, it says, is one of the main
reasons for the downward path in retail sales since the beginning of the
year. The bank believes the consumer's tight-fistedness is the result

of their incurring heavy debts last year in a rush to buy goods before prices
went up... The resultant heavy hire-purchase payments, the large price
increases in most essential foodstuffs, and the shocks when prices stated
rising together appear to have made the consumer most unwilling to spend.

The bank says that as annual pay arises, especially after tax, fell
significantly short of the general rate of inflation individuals chose to
prune expenditure instead of using more credit or running down savings.

This reluctance to spend particularly affected those items considered less
essential or those whose useful life could be stretched. As an example

it points to the steep fall since the beginning of the year in hotel guest
nights sold. Another visible victim of the price and cash flow squeeze

has been the car industry. But the bank argues that its difficulties cannot
be sttributed solely to the perks tax, as sales of virtually all categories
of commercial vehicles have also declined. However, the bank is not pessimistic

99



DANISH ROAD SURVEY ‘RECOMMENDATIONS, STRATEGIC NEEDS

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 24 Apr 86 p 9

[Text]

‘19317

THE government needs about 400 million
to rehabilitate four economically strategic

roads in the country.

These are the Lusaka-
Livingstone, Lusaka-
Chipata Lusaka-Ndola
and Kapiri Mposhi-Na-
konde Roads.

These are the findings
of a study by a Danish firm,
Kampsax, which was com-
missioned to find out how

much would be needed to
repair the four highways.

Charge. d'Affaires at the
Danish Embassy in Lusaka,
Mr Thomas oe jerbeck

that the firm had also reco-
mmended that the rehabili-

tation be done soon in view
of the importance the roads
played in the transportation
Of goods.

Findings of the study,
financed by the Danish
government, have already
been presented to the
Zambian government
which has begun looking
at ways of taising the
money.

A_ meeting was held
on Tuesday this week in
Lusaka between officials

CSO: 3400/1771

from the -Ministry of Fi-
nance, the World Bank and
the Department of Roads
to look into this.

The Ministry of Finance
will also shortly call for
a donors’ meeting at which
funding for the project:
will be discussed. Mr Schj-
erbeck said the degree of
deterioration of the roads
was very high and this
was why it was important
to undertake the rehabili-
tation scheme as quickly
as possible.

The deterioration was so

fast that for every day the
project was delayed, . the
cost went up considerably.
When funds have been se-
cured, the rehabilitation
project is expected to last
five years.
“ The study for repair
work’ on the roads began
lasy year and was only com-
pleted recently.

35

IJPRS*SSA~86~060

11 June 1986

ZAMBIA

Meanwhile, © Tanzania
has pledged’ to continue
giving transit facilities
for the smooth transporta-
tion of goods to neighbour-
ing land-locked countries
including Malawi, ZANA
reports.

The pledge was made
in Dar es Salaam on Tues-
day by the principal secre-
tary in the Ministry of
Communications and
Works Mr Odira Ongara,
when opening a three-day
consultation meeting on
transportation between Ta-
nzania and Malawi.

He said Tanzania's com-
mitment to improve the
transport _net-work also

. aims at strengthening the

existing relations between.
the two countries.

Mr Ongara said the ope-
ning of the Kiwira-Songwe
Road from, Mbeya region
to Malawi, was part of
Tanzania's efforts to alle-
viate trafisport problems
facing some.member coun-
tries of the Southern Africa
Development Coordination
Conference (SADCC),
Zana/Shihata.



ACCUSED (hesitates): “I cannot
remember ...eh...e... h, I was
drunk.”
PROSECUTOR: “Were you drunk
on the three occasions you broke in
and stole?”
ACCUSED: “Yes, I was drunk and
do not remember what happened.”
PROSECUTOR: “Oh! If I under-
stand you well, you cannot remem-
ber anything you have done or do
under influence of alcohol?”
ACCUSED: “Yes.”
PROSECUTOR: “Then how do you
remember that you broke into
‘ntate’s’ house three times and not
five times, as he claims? How do
you remember that you broke into
e house because you had no place
to sleep? And if you were drunk
how could you have remembered
that there were soldiers patrolling
the streets on those nights and that
ou-were scared of them?”
The accused keeps quiet).

PROSECUTOR: “Comrade, talk!
You are wasting our time. You
should remember that the time

ou are wasting is significant to us.
People are oppressed and the time
you are wasting,we freedom fight-
ers could be utilising to contribute
to ithe liberation of our people. Now
talk”

‘he accused still keeps quiet).
(IAGISTRATE intervenes: “Is that
clear, comrade?”
ACCUSED: “E...h... eh... Ido
not understand SeSotho. I speak
SeTsonga (Shangaan).
MAGISTRATE: “Do you need an
interpreter?”

ACCUSED: “Yes.”

(The interpreter is brought into
court. Same questions asked in
SeTsonga but, like before, the ac-
cused keeps quiet).
PROSECUTOR (number two)
cross-examines the accused:
“Comrade, you say when you broke
into ‘ntate’s’ house you only wan-
ted to sleep. Then why did you
steal?

ACCUSED: “I did not steal.”
PROSECUTOR (number three):
“Comrades! This man is wasting
our time. He has just told us that he
broke in three times and stole
three times. He also says he only
broke in because he had no place to
sleep.

60

“Hie tells us he was drunk and he
loses his memory when he is drunk.
But surprisingly, he recalls that
there were soldiers patrolling the
streets, All of a suddeithe did not
steal. What is all this? What must
we believe?

“] am left with one impression,
and that this man is’a liar.”
PROSECUTOR (number four, the
youngest of thern all in court): “I
want you to tell me the truth, com-
rade. Where are the goods you
stole?”

‘ACCUSED: “I have still got some
of them.” #
PROSECUTOR: “So you did steal
them?”

The accused‘ admits the thefts.
The young prosecutor goes on.

“Now, comrade, I am going to
ask you the last question, and this
is very important to you and all the
people of Alexandra. Are you pre-
pared to live peacefully with the
people of Alexandra?”
ACCUSED: “Yes! Yes!”
MAGISTRATE turns to the old
man: “‘Ntate,’ it is clear that the
accused is guilty of the five
charges. What do you say to that?
What must we do with him?”
THE OLD MAN, still fuming: “My
child! Thupa ya lukisha! (sjambok-
ing is the best medicine). The boy
must be sjamboked!”

The MAGISTRATE ignores the
old man and turns to the two wit-
nesses, who are both nephews of
the accused: “Why did you dismiss
yer uncle from your house? Re-

late briefly.”
WITNESS (number one): “This
man is our uncle and we like him a
lot. But on pay days he would mis-
use all his wages on liquor and
when he is broke he starts stealing.
He steals from us, from everyone,
and this has been going on for
ears. He is just too much of a
hief. He is an embarrassment to
the whole family.”
WITNESS (number two): “It is
true; our uncle’s problem is liquor.*
He does not even have'a bank book
because of alcohol.”
MAGISTRATE: “Let us say your
‘uncle gives up liquor. Would you
' accept him back home?”
: WITNESSES: “Yes.”



IPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

ZAMBIA

JAPANESE AID ALLOCATION DETAILED
Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 15 Apr 86 p 3

[Text] Japan's grant aid to Zambia amounted close to 20 million United
States dollars last year, counsellor at the Japanese Embassy in Lusaka,
Mr Yoshinori Imagawa said at the weekend.

Mr Imagawa said his country decided to give Zambia the amount to assist
in the country's development programmes in view of the difficult economic
problems Zambia was going through.

Most of the money was given for projects while the rest was taken up by a
commodity aid and through the finance of technical assistance.

Total project funds amounted close to 10 million dollars.

About 3.5 million dollars of the amount went for the ground water development
project in the Southern Province and 3.06 million dollars for the construc—
tion of a junior secondary school at Maheba Refugee Settlement in Solwezi
district.

Close to 3.09 million dollars went to the construction of food grain store
houses in the Chingola and about 300,000 dollars went for the maintenance
of roads to reinforce the transportation of agricultural produce.

Commodity aid amounted to about seven million US dollars. About 2.8
million dollars went for the finance of the supply of 9855 tons of maize
from Zimbabwe. Another 2.8 million dollars was allocated for the supply
of tractors and some spares.

About 1.6 million dollars was set aside for the supply of insecticides,
herbicides and fungicides. These have also not been supplied to the
country yet.

Over two million dollars was used for technical assistance. The money

covered about 23 experts who came in the country, some trainees and about
85 volunteers. Some trainees were also accepted to train in Japan.

31



Each of the racially-defined
authorities will appoint represen-
tatives with voting rights on the
Regional Service Council (RSC).
The people within the areas will
haye no say in who represents .
their interests on the RSC.

The Administrator of the Cape
Province — who is a government
official — will appoint the chair-
man of the RSC.

The number of votes given to
each local authority represented
on the RSC will depend on the
amount of money each of these
areas spend on services — like elec-
tricity, water and sewerage —
which they will buy from the !
RSC, oe!

- This means that the poorer

black areas — many of which are
not connected to these services —
will have very little say in what
happens on the regional council.

The rich white areas will there-
fore make final decisions which
will affect the whole region.

All the claims made by the gov- :
ernment about the benefits of the
RSCs have been contradicted by
the reality of the new system.

_ The government said the RSC
would give people of all races a

/9317
cso: 3400/1731

say in local government and that
much of the power which the gov-
ernment now holds over local
authorities would be transferred
to the people.

No consultation

‘The truth is:
® the whole system has been
designed without consulting the
people.
© the RSC cannot make decisions
which go agaifist the government’s

* apartheid policies.

© the government can over-rule
any decision taken by the RSC.
© the government and the minis-
ters in the tricameral parliament
will dictate the form, the nature
and the functions of the RSC and
the local authorities.

The government said the RSC

would lead to the redistribution |

of wealth from.richer to poorer
areas, .

7 The truth is:
© the RSC will cost so much to
run that there will be no money
left over to develop poor areas.

© whites will hold the power in
the RSC and are unlikely to agree

63

to giving up their wealth to help
“ poorer areas.

Poor must Pay

© money raised to run the RSC
will come from taxes on busi-
nesses, In the end these taxes will
be passed on to the consumer.
Poorer people will have to pay
more for goods, Businesses will
have to pay tax on the number of
people they employ and it is
likely that management will re-
trench staff to avoid having to pay
high tax.

Many people including poli-
ticians, academics and community
leaders have rejected the RSCs as
another form of puppet govern-
ment designed to fool people into
thinking they have more power.

Govt. - more control

In the end, the government will
have even more contro] at the
local level and it will be even more
difficult for people to organise
against their oppression if they
take part in this undemocratic



JPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

about the country's prospects. The dramatic fall in the oil price, the
improving medium to long-term growth potential of almost all OECD countries
may have opened a window of opportunity for South Africa, it says. [Text]
[Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 14 May 86 p 12]/12828

GOLD HOLDINGS FALL SHARPLY--South African gold holdings fell 432,26 million
rand in April to R2,60 billion after falling R4,74 million to R3,03 billion
in March, Reserve Bank figures show. This was partly due to a drop in the
average rand price of gold to R638,13 an ounce in April from 661,30 rand

in March, while in volume terms they fell to 4,08 million ounces from

4,59 million ounces, reflecting further gold swops to polster reserves.
Total gold and foreign assets fell to R3,23 billion from 3,80 billion, of
which the gold content rose to 80,040 percent from 79,73 percent.~-Reuter.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 May 86 p 22] /9317

INCREASED USE OF ‘VANADIUM--London-~David Marshall, chairman of recently
listed VANSA Vanadium SA Limited, is highly optimistic about the growing
demand for vanadium in the steel and aerospace industries. He sees the
current industrial upturn overseas which could be accelerated by lower oil
prices focusing further attention on vanadium. "The market readings are
sufficiently positive to make me wish that we could bring forward the erec~
tion and commissioning of the VANSA's metallurgical plant at Kennedy's Vale
in the Eastern Transvaal." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

8 May 86 p 22] /9317

TOURISM PROSPECTS IMPROVING--Prospects for the tourism industry may improve
towards the end of the year, according to the latest report of the South
African Tourism Board. The report for the year ending December 1985 was
tabled in Parliament yesterday. Various factors and events had brought a
negative influence on the promotion of tourism during the year, the report
says. There were: Intensification of the economic recession and an increase
in the inflation rate; Internal unrest and the declaration of the State of
Emergency; The drastic drop in the value of the rand, which had increased
foreign marketing costs to “unrealistic levels"; and A deterioration in
South Africa's overseas image "due to unprecedented negative publicity in
the foreign media". The report notes a slight upsurge in the economy late
last year and says that, with the co-operation of the entire industry,
coupled with Government assistance for additional marketing activities,
prospects may improve towards the end of this year. The number of foreign
tourists declined 8,2 percent from 1984 to a total of 792387, most of them
coming from the United Kingdom and West Germany. {Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 17 May 86 p 8]/12828

HIGHER PRICE FOR WHEAT IMPORTS--The Chernobyl nuclear disaster could mean

SA paying much more for its planned import of 300 000 tons of wheat. The

price of US wheat soared by about 15 percent last week as a result of

speculation that radiation had extensively damaged Russia's grain crops

in the Kiev district. Initial estimates put the import bill for SA at

about R84m. Tomorrow is the closing date for tenders for wheat imports

but Wheat Board GM Dennis van Aarde says the board may decide not to take
em up and to invite new tenders in a month' .

BUSINESS DAY in English 6 May 82 p 2] /9317 ° fine (Text] _[Yohannesburg

cso: 3400/1732 100



This, said Cde Mugabe,
was not the first time
African leaders had come
together to consider more
closely the question of the
continent's development
crises,

As ® response to the
Addis Abnbs. call, a
special session of the
United Nations General
Assembly on the critical
economic situation - in
Africa would be convened
later this month, .

‘To that end, he sald
thorough preparations
had been made by the
OAU and the ECA, with
inputs from ADB and
other organisations.

“The special gession
should provide the oppor-

tunity § to demonstrate:

Afriea’s own determina-
tion to pull itself up
through’ national . and
collective self reliant
efforts and to mobilise
international support .. .”
On the question of in-
tra-African co-operation,
Cde Mugabe said greater
strides had ‘been made.
One example was the re-
cent establishment of the
Special Emergency <As-
sistance Fund for Drought
and Famine in Africa.
“Co-operation and com-
mitment become crucial
when, we take the 1986-
1290 Priority Programme
for Economic Recovery
into account,” he sald.
The Prime Minister

/9317
cso: 3400/1752

sald the New Intornation-
al Keonomie Order could
not be achieved without
® meaningful and long-
term solution of the Afri-
enn debt crisis.

“It must be relterated
that although we Afri-
cans are determined to
solve our problems and
are not .crying for free
handouts, “we cannot
achieve progress under
the present manipulative
international economic
system.

“We have heard of the
Baker Plan, the Sub-
Saharan African Facility,
the IMF Trust Fund
reflows and other mea-
sures to improve ‘the
economic position of the
jess fortunate countries
of the world.

“While ‘ we .are (not
opposed to the noble
aims of these. initiatives,
it $9 unfortunate thet
potentially effective pro-
posnis such as these are
80 often short-term men-
sures...”

Because of Africa’s high
growth rate on outstand-
ing debt (more than 20
percent for the 1972 to
1983 period) and the
“chronically” high exter-
nal debt service ratios,
rea, progress for its
countries could not be
expected under the pre-
sent international atti-
tudes which included high
interest rates and = un-

41

favourable exchange
rates,

Also tipping heavily
inst = African and
er developing coun-
tries were a decline in
export earnings, deterio-
rating termg of trade as
well as fniling or rtag-

nant transfers of resour-
ees,

Cde Mugnbe sald Zi-
mbabwe endorsed a call
(made in Addis Ababa
last July) for an interna-
tional = conference on
Africa’s external indebt-
edness,

On South Africa and
Namibia, the Prime Min-
ister lambasted the US
policy of “constructive
engagement”.

“Constructive — engage-
ment hag proved beyond
doubt to be a deceptive,
if not deceitful, policy
especially when It Js view-
ed in the context of the
United States’ military
ald to Jonas Savimbi's
Unita and the obstructive
approach to Namibia’
independence,

“Indeed, if the polley
ot constructive engape-
ment had any claim ‘to
universal validity, it com-
pletely lost it recently in
Libya when explosive
and destructive engage:
ment wreaked death and
havoc, For South Africa,
Zt Is the smooth tongue,
for Libya, it is the
devastating bomb = —
what hypocrisy.”



JIPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PICK 'N PAY DIRECTORS COMMENT ON INFLATION, UNEMPLOYMENT
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 May 86 p 22

[Text] Little is done in South Africa to combat inflation and unemployment,
two of South Africa's most serious problems, Raymond Ackerman and Hugh
Herman, joint managing directors of Pick 'n Pay say in their annual
directors’ report.

"In order to combat them, it is necessary to stimulate the economy by
de-regulation and the promotion of efficient marketing through free
competition."

They are of the opinion that not enough of the gross domestic product of
South Africa is being channeled to the entrepreneurial sector of the
economy which is the best equipped to create wealth and jobs.

"Some steps were taken in the recent Budget to reduce the high tax burden
but it is our opinion that substantially more needs to be done to
encourage economic growth of both companies and individuals. It is hoped
that the Government will adopt further measures to reduce taxation once it
receives the report ofthe Margo Commission."

They say that despite the difficult. situation the past year the group
managed to increase their market share and was showing growth. The fact
that the group fared better is to a certain extent due to extremely
vigorous marketing and promotional activity which had the obvious effect
of reducing margins.

Looking: ahead they say: "It seems certain that 1986 will prove to be a
tough trading year due both to the economic climate and vigorous competition.

"It would be imprudent to make a specific profit forecast in these current
uncertain times but we feel we can state with conviction that and the
spirit and calibre of its staff, to increase sales and profitability to
levels which will fully justify the high rating accorded to the company."

In the year ended February 28, 1986, Pick 'n Pay raised its earnings from
171,2c to 181,4c a share and lifted the dividend by 10,2 percent to 92c
a share which was all but twice covered by earnings.

/9317
CSO: 3400/1736

83



IJPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

CHAD

LAKE CHAD BASIN COMMISSION MEETING ENDS
AB152157 Ndjamena Domestic Service in French 1845 GMI 15 May 86

[Summary from poor reception] The 32d ministerial session of the delibera-
tions of the Lake Chad Basin Commission ended in Ndjamena 24 hours ago.
"as a matter of fact, the representatives of Cameroon, Nigeria, Niger,
and of course Chad addressed themselves to problems facing this tool

of subregional cooperation which the member countries would like to turn
into a model of cooperation in the field of integrated economy." Some

22 years. after its creation, the Lake Chad Basin Commission is still
pursuing its objectives. The final communique issued at the end of the
deliberations presided over by our minister of agriculture and development
says the ministers heard the report prepared by the Executive Secretariat
and the report of the Technical Subcommission on the program of activities
for 1987. Meanwhile, participants noted with satisfaction the progress

in efforts to find funding for the 5-year plan of action. They asked the
executive secretary to pursue these efforts. They urged the Executive
Secretariat to work toward "finding ways and means to demarcate the
borders and to leave no stone unturned in order to enforce the fundamental
measure on the equitable utilization of the waters of the Lake Chad."

The commission asked the Chadian minister of agriculture and rural
development to convey profound gratitude to President Hissein Habre and
the government and people of Chad for the warm welcome. "The participants
agreed on the need to reactivate this regional organization as an exemplary
tool for South-South cooperation."

However, no decisions were made on some very important points of the agenda.
For instance, no answer was given in the final communique on the question:
When will the headquarters of the commission return to the Chadian capital?
It was transferred to Maroua, Cameroon, in 1979.

/9604
cso: 3400/1739



ZAMBIA

Japanese Aid Allocation Detailed
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 15 Apr .:).) Se

Party Secretary on RSA Supplied Goods
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 21 Apr 86) ..cceeesecccceececescvcsceceres

Flood of Foreign Imports Viewed as Local Industry Threat
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 12 Apr 86) ..csseeseccececeecsescvecceccces

Danish Road Survey Recommendations, Strategic Needs
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 24 Apr 86) .cscscccceccceccccesceecceccece

Disabled Railroad Maroons Donated Silos
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 21 Apr 86)....esecceecececscccecsecsecees

Briefs
Heavy Rains, Potential Famine

ZIMBABWE

Tokyo Summit Said To Be Based on False Premise
(THE HERALD, 7 May 86)...scseceeccceesscccccccccercecssscsess

Mugabe Urges ADB To Help Countries Adjust
(THE HERALD, 6 May 86)....eseeeeee

Top ZAPU MP Quits To Open 'New Road to Unity'
(THE HERALD, 6 May 86)...esccescccccccccensccecccrececsscsses

Amnesty International Link With Dissidents Exposed
(THE HERALD, 6 May 86)...seceseccecsccececenseeeneecesseeeees

SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Private Industry Task To Monitor Government Spending Announced
(THE STAR, 16 May 86)...scseceecececscscecccrerreccrsssresee

Botha Calls for Attention to Agriculture
(SAPA, 15. May 86) ....ssesecsccccccecccscerenscecesasesarenes

Jeugkrag President Discusses Role of Organization

(Marthinus van Schalkwyk Interview; THE WEEKLY MAIL,
16-22 May 86) ..cccececcscccvcccececescsescressaseseseerecees

-c-

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34

35

36

37

38

40

42

43

44

45

46



JPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

ZIMBABWE

TOKYO SUMMIT SAID TO BE BASED ON FALSE PREMISE
Harare THE HERALD in English 7 May 86 p 4

[Text]

“THE summit of the Wester’ economic giants in Tokyo has only managed
to agree unanimously on the naming of the Libyan leader, Colonel
Gaddafi, as a supporter of “international terrorism”.

‘And as always whenever Western countries tackle this issue, they
get all their equations and answers wrong.

Countries like the Frontline, States, which live under the shadow
of the terrorist striking distance of the apartheid regime cannot accept
a blanket definition of terrorism, seeking to Jump in one bag freedom
fighters with real terrorists. '

In. fact, were the ‘Tokyo definition of terrorism to be given in-
ternational validity or blessing, all the founding fathers of the United
States from George Washington to ‘Thomas Jefferson would qualify for
the “terrorist” label.

Adl those American patriots who poured a shipload of British tea
into Boston harbour as an act of protest against the misrule of the
King of England, thus initiating the American war of independence,
would by the Reaganist standards be “terrorists”.

‘To all intents and purposes, the Reaganist definition of terrorism,
in support of which the US has now recruited its Western allies, defies
the American Declaration of Independence jiself which recognises
and sanctions the use of force to overthrow governments that rule
without the consent of the people.

The apartheid regime tramples tinder the racist jackboot the
elementary human rights of over 25 million people, terrorising them
and those of the neighbouring states.

But she government in Pretoria is not by the Western definition
regarded us a terrorist regime, whieh it is. On the contrary it is
considered and valued as a partner in the Western alliance.

38



MUSLIM LEADER URGES UNITY IN RAMADAN MESSAGE

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 9 May 86 p 14

[Text ]

19274

LEADING Muslim scholar and leader,
Moulana Ismail Abdul Razack, called
‘on the community not to allow race to
divide it into ethnic groups in his an-
nual message on the eve of the holy

; month of Ramadaan.

Moulana Razack said that there
seemed to be an orchestrated move to

! ensure that Muslims were divided by

race with Indians, Malays, coloureds,
whites and blacks being forced to live
in racially exclusive townships.

“We are all one. We are all equal and
while the powers that be might succeed
in forcing us to live in racially segre-
gated townships, they can not and we
must not allow anyone to keep us apart
in mosques around the country.

“We must make every mosque in this
country a rallying point for unity. We
must use it not only as places of wor-
ship but for education, culture and all
facets of community life,” said Mou-
lana Razack.

He said that with a united stand,
Muslims could develop themselves into
a powerful group which could defend
any attacks that might be made on
them.

“] do not believe that we will get
meaningful leadership as we know it
from the United States or Russia. We
have the Koran to lead us and we must

csO: 3400/1788

69

re-commit ourselves to it, come to-
gether regardless of race and pursue a
life which is in keeping with being Mus-
lim,” said Moulana Razack. ,

He said that Muslims had allowed
themselves to be put into racially seg-

‘regated compartments and let them-

selves to be dictated to by people who
wanted to enforce all kinds of political
ideology.

“We must remember that our
strength lies in us being united and
‘once we achieve this, then only we will
not be indifferent to each other or for
that matter, we will be able to reach
out to other people and make a positive
contribution to change,” said Moulana
Razack.

He said that Ramadaan was a month
which instilled discipline when Mus-
lims go without food and water from
sunrise to sunset.

“This is not a physical practice as
such. It has profound meanings and one
‘of them is for all Muslims to know

what it is to go without, which so many °

people have to suffer for most of their
lives. It enjoins us with those who suf-
fer and I believe that this is a starting

point for us to unite,” said Moulana Ra- *

zack.

During the month of Ramadaan,
Moulana Razack will be travelling
around South Africa.

IJPRS*SSA*86~+060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA~86*060
11 June 1986

opening of white areas to other race groups should be a local decision
while 20 percent felt there should be minor changes to the act. Of those
interviewed 24.4 percent felt that the act should remain as it is. This
is a significant drop compared with a similar survey carried out by the same
newspaper five years ago when 34.7 percent believed the law should stay
as it is. In 1981, 28.2 percent said the act should be slightly modified
to make exceptions in deserving cases to open residential areas. In the
current survey 20 percent.of the respondents felt this way. In the
previous survey only 36.6 percent of those polled felt the decision

to open suburbs should be dealt with at a local level compared with

the 53.4 in the most recent poll. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English
2042 GMT 17 May 86.MB] /12624

WHITE OPINION ON MIXED SCHOOLS--Whites are now more prepared for racially
mixed schools than they were five years ago,.a survey has shown. A survey,
in the Afrikaans Sunday Newspaper RAPPORT, has shown that the number of
people who feel that schools. in white areas should not be open to scholars
of another population. group. has dropped from 48 percent in 1981 to

35 percent in the survey published today. The number of respondent who
feel schools should be open to all race groups has increased to 24 percent
compared with 11 percent in 1981. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English
2022 GMT 17 May 86 MB] /12624

NEW INSTITUTE PLANNED--Plans for a new institute for political options will
be completed in the next few weeks by former PFP MPs Frederik van Zyl
Slabbert and Alex Boraine. But its formation could spell the end of the
National Convention Movement (NCM). Boraine and Slabbert, who resigned
from parliamentary politics earlier this year, have been canvassing
opinions on the idea of an institute among prominent black, white,
coloured and Indian leaders, and have found some support. At the same
time it has raised doubts about the viability of the NCM--ironically, a
movement which Slabbert played a major role in launching. NCM chairman
Jules Browde said yesterday the movement's future was being investigated,
and that:.an announcement would be made within two weeks. The NCM has
failed to gain public approval from black leaders, largely as a result of
KwaZulu Chief Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi's participation. Slabbert
left at the weekend on a visit to the US and Europe, where he will have
discussions with influential US foundations with a view to raising money
for the proposed new institute. Boraine, who recently turned down the
post of NCM executive director, leaves for New York on Friday to join
Slabbert. Part of the aim of the new institute will be to act as a think
tank on various democratic options available and to promote peaceful inter-
nal dialogue. Boraine said yesterday reactions to the idea had been
extremely encouraging in various circles. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS
DAY in English 6 May 86 p 3] /9317

IRISH CAMPUSES SEVER LINKS-~London——Two of Ireland's major universities are
now actively taking part in a boycott of SA, a conference in Dublin has been
told. Trinity College decided recently to sever all formal links with SA
institutions; and University College, Dublin, has warned that staff who work
in SA during their holidays or on leave will be dismissed. [Text] [Johannes-
burg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 May 86 p 3] 19274

78



259123
JPRS-SSA-86-060
11 JUNE 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

fePRoDUCED BY _
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 fee



NIGERIA

Bilateral Agreements Signed With Forty-One Countries
(Omafume Amurun; NEW NIGERIAN, 17 Apr 86)......ssceesecceeees

Daily Calls for Halt to Government Pilgrimage Support
(Editorial; DAILY STAR, 23 Apr 86)....cccccccecececescscececs

State Workers Reject Moves To Cut Salaries
(NEW NIGERIAN, 18, 23 Apr 86; DAILY TIMES, 19, 24 Apr 85)....

Benue Civil Servants Strike, by Daniel Tifato
Bauchi Workers Ask State To Forego Cuts

Imo Workers Reject State Cuts

Benue Workers Resume Duties

Foreign Firms Contract With Coal Corporation
(Cyprian Madu; DAILY STAR, 18 Apr 86)....sececeeeeeesceeeeoes

Market Survey Reveals Soaring Prices in Jos
(Obi Udefuna; DAILY STAR, 23 Apr 86)..seeeeecccscecccecccvee

Lack of Pesticides Threatens Cocoa Production, Earnings
(Chris Ogbaekirigwe; DAILY STAR, 18 Apr 86).....sseseeeeeeeee

Kano Air Force School to Be Explained
(Sani L. Abdullah; THE TRIUMPH, 17 Apr 86)......

TANZANIA

Communique With Rwanda Strengthens Cooperation
(DAILY NEWS, 3 May 86). ..ccscassccccccccccccccvcecnsserscsers

Government To Increase Spending for 1986/87 Budget
(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 6 May 86)...sseecssceceeeeccecsees

Communications, Transport, Agriculture Priorities in Development
(James Mwakisyala; DAILY NEWS, 3 May 86)....seseeeesseececees

Zanzibar Probes Cash Losses of Civil Servants
(Abdallah Yakuti; DAILY NEWS, 3 May 86)....sceeeceescceecceee

External Assistance Needed for Economic Recovery
(DAILY NEWS, 6 May 86) ...csscsencccecsecccccces

Industrial Capacity To Be Raised Under Recovery Plan
(DAILY NEWS, 8 May 86).....+eee0%

Briefs
Census Preparations Underway

Loan To Improve Mining

13
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17

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18

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21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29
29


JPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

TANZANIA

ZANZIBAR PROBES CASH LOSSES OF CIVIL SERVANTS . ;
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 3 May 86 p 1

[Article by Abdallah Yakuti]

(Text ] explained. room to:unscrupulous officials under
he C was «. them to mi appropriate funds, prop-
cheered when he said the Fy and goods.

CIVIL Servants in Zanzibar who
own houses, vehicles and other
luxuries. are to be asked to
account to the Isles Anti-corrup-
tion Squad on how they acquired
the: wealth, the Zanzibar ‘Chief

crackdown on officials who mis-
appropriated public funds would
also encompass Union Govern-
ment institutions operating in
Zanzibar. :
“When we are ‘satis!

Lack’ of competent internal
auditors and stock verifiers also con-
tributed to the problem, .

In some cases he said, the manage-
ment ‘cblluded with suppliers and
contractors in swindling organisa-
tions théy were supposed to head.

Minister, Ndugu ‘Scif Shariff there exist criminal acti He said as a result of the stiortcom-
Hamad, said here yesterday. - any of these departments, the ings. big par tals such as the Zan-
This follows a loss of 600m/- ‘bs + ne zibar_ State ‘Trading Corporation
ned by Go Zanzibar “Government “will (tc), Zanzibar Wharfage and the

incurred by Government institu-
tions during 1983/84.

He said at present, the Gov-
ernment was investigating cash
and inventory losscs in Isles pub-
lic institutions to determine
which offi were responsible.

The Government was certain
that some of the cash stolen from
the state was used by the culprits
to amass personal property, he

He said at present, the Gov-

investigate and furnish the
Union Government with details
for appropriate action.

“We shall also ask for the
transfer of such criminals to the
Mainland,” Ndugu Hamad said.

Giving a breakdown of cash and
property losses in Zanzibar Govern-
ment institutions during the 1983/84
financial year, the Chief Minister
said the losses amounted to a stag-

* geting 600m/-.

During the year, he said, the Zan-
zibar. Auditor General reported a

* crops thereby payin

Zanzibar Shipping and Agencies
Corporation had huge business tur-
novers, !but their annual financial
accounts still’ recorded * losses
because a large part of revenue gen-
erated went to build private places.

Ndugu Hamad also condemned
some ZSTC workers who, apart
from stealing from the Corporation,
also cheated peasants when buying
crops from them.

He said through under-weig!
growers |
money, they, were able to pocket
millions of shillings each s

ernment was inv a cus a Pod

and inventory losses ft Isles oe toss of 20min foreign exchange in “No, wonder a the end i
andi sles pub- one parastatal here. clove buying season, junior ZSTC
lic institutions to determine “Ate without aide scen di sit

which officials were responsible.

The Government was certain
that some of the cash stolen from
the state was used by the culprits.
to_amass personal property, he
said.

Ndugu Hamad was addressing
leaders of the five mass organisa
tions here after they had pre-
sented him with a joint declara-
tion in support of moves to crack
down on indisciplinc. He, said
those who would ‘give safisfac-
tory sources of revenue Would be
spared.

“But those failing to account
for their wealth, will be r d
and taken to court”,

he

., Accounts supporting
documents caused! another loss of
33n/- in another parastatal during
the year. Te, .

He further explained that office
inventory, stores and produce hand-
led by state institutions worth 123m/-
could not be accounted for in that
year, while 187m/- in cash transac-
tons between public’ institutions
here could not be traced.

He Said due to failure to make fol-
fow-up.on debts collection from cus-
tomers, one pa tatal lost 172m/+
between July 1983 and June 1984,

The Chief Minister attributed the
losses’ to irresponsible accounting
Officers in’ ministries, Government
departments and parastatals for [ai-
lure to supervise expenditures and
reventic collection thereby giving

clerks could be scen driving in posh
cars, erecting storeyed houses’ or
buying videos while growers who
had laboured for years to raise crops
cannot afford even a bicycle,” he
pointed out.

Ndugu Hamad assured the mass
organisation leaders that the Gov-
ernment: would leave no ‘stone
unturned until it netted all culprits
and that:honest and hard working
employees need not worry of the
cleaning exercise.

The:

* declaration by"
TAN, ay

the Zanzibar Government and the
Chief Minister in’ particular’ for
ating the exercise, stressing that
the organisations would co-operate
fully in exposing bad elements.

19276
cso: 3400/1791

26



JPRS*SSA~86*060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA
GRAPH TRACES RAND'S PERFORMANCE SINCE 1984
Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 29 Apr 86 p 23
[Text]
US Tele iM{alMjsjsTals/olnjofulse(m[alm[slulalsfo|ajolslF
: : “?
x we
s
2
&
&
’
ad
ie _
: ' ‘ s
Rand/dollar exchange rate 2 ae
- <p. $ S
+ “a ¥
[—° oe oe ~
1000
2000)
3000 = :
100{Short term capital movements
000! | 1. | Outflow Remitionss |||
1984 1985 1986

Graph shows the rand’s dismal performance since unrest hit the country in 1984, The implementation of the new
constitution and agreements with neighbouring states heightened local and overseas perceptions of South Africa’s politi-
cal situation and kept the rand trading around 90 US cents early in 1984. But confidence declined in response to civil
outflow of short-term capital further undermined investors’

disturbance and the start of the recession. An icreasin,
confidence. But the Leutwiler agreement on debt repayments later had a positive influence.

/9317
CSO: 3400/1763

85



JPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

REPORTER WARNS OF DANGER OF CHRONIC INFLATION
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 May 86 p 7
{Article by John Tilston]

[Text]

WE ARE constantly reassured that demand
in the economy is so low as to be of no
immediate threat to the rate of inflation.
Inflation is fuelled by higher costs and,
now that the rand has recovered, prospects
for some moderation in inflation are good.
A revealing study just completed by Old
Mutual economist Rob Lee suggests that SA
is treading a dangerous path very close to a
Precipice beyond which lies chronic infla-
ion.

‘The inexorable increase in prices has deci-
sively moved out of its:10% to 16% band
within which it has traded for the past 12
years. Latest figures put it at 19%.

‘Though Lee expects the SA monetary ‘au-
thorities to stay this side of disaster, he
projects -inflation this r dropping to

around 16% by year end, but this, he cau-:

tions, will be largely a statistical reduction.
The high increases of the last few months of
1985 will have the effect of reducing the
Year-on-year calculations.

For 1987 Lee sees inflation averaging just
under 20%. The following year, he believes it
will average just over 20%.

Lee’s analysis identifies economic charac-
teristics associated with rates of inflation of
more than 20% in other developing nations.

In relatively small economies heavily de-
pendent on foreign trade the balance of pay-
ments is critically important to economic

lic and in turn inflation, A surplus ont

essential for non-inflat ona, -

If the surplus is imperilled, corrective policy

measures to depress imports have to be
en.

80

But if there is a major setback to the BoP,
suchas a dramatic fall in the price of a
dominant export commodity, then the cost of
corrective action in terms of unemployment
becomes too great. “In such circumstances,”
says Lee, “the inflation route is usually a
more attractive alternative”.

The classic BoP problem that has led to
hyperinflationary situations is an increased
foreign debt commitment, or a cut off in the”
flow of foreign funds into the country.

IMF statistics show SA had a debt service
burden (interest and capital to be repaid in a
certain period) of 19% in-1983. Says Lee:
“The domestic situation still seems compati-
ble with the inflation range experienced
over the past decade. Events in 1985 howev-
er substantially worsened our potential debt
burden and the ability to service that debt.
Given our historical dependence on a net
foreign capital inflow, particularly in
achieving a satisfactory growth rate, the net
impact of the debt standstill agreement, and
the scant pr t of attracting a net inflow
of foreign capital in the foreseeable future,
may have damaged our inflation outlook
materially.”

A weak currency is another factor associ-
ated with high inflation. While a weak cur-
rency helps to “automatically” adjust BoP
deficits, it can quickly feed inflation through
to the domestic economy. This often sets up
a vicious cycle of inflation and currency
depreciation. Lee notes that SA has so far

managed to avoid this, but he warns that it is
essential that SA avoids a repetition of the



"Some we are able to recover, but many we can't because of the crocs and
hippos in the area.

"It's tragic to think that these people came looking for a new life and
ended up being washed back to Mozambique as bloated, nameless corpses."

The journey to a new life is not an easy one. Large areas of the border
along the Mozambique side are landmined and the South African Government
is preparing to put up an electrified fence. Many of the refugees who
take the route through the Kruger Park end up as food for the lions.

But for most the risks are worth it.

"We can't live there," said an old woman in her 70s. The trip had taken
her and a party of more than 40 old men, women and children 10 days.

During that time they had little to eat and had to constantly dodge
security force patrols.

Today she lives peacefully with her family in the Lillydale area of
Gazankulu. . :

Horror stories abound.

“At first we were friends with Renamo. We gave them water and goats and
chickens to eat," said Julius Ndlovu, 60, from Mapulanguene area near the
Mozambique-South African border.

"But then they began stealing from us and raping our women. Those who
tried to stop them were killed.

"I want to stay because here I can sleep. There is no war and we are
not disturbed. There are schools for our children," he said.

The refugees are adamant they do not want to go back to Mozambique.

Officials say that many of the people caught making their way to
Gazankulu, Johannesburg or KaNgwane have been caught numerous times.

"One man has been caught 14 times," said Mr Willie Heyneke, an official
with the Department of Constitutional Development and Planning in Nelspruit.

People like Jorge are filled with terror at the prospect of being repa-
triated.

"I'11 just keep on coming back," said Jorge, "but the next time I won't
come over the mountain."

The authorities are obviously sympathetic towards the plight of the refugees.
Medical treatment is given to those who require it and food and shelter is
provided until they are repatriated.

/9317
CSO: 3400/1734



JPRS«SSA~86«060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MALAN ON SERVICE FOR INDIANS--Defense Minister General Magnus Malan has
given the assurance that the defense force is doing its utmost to cut
spending by keeping operational costs as low as possible without detriment
in its’ capability. Speaking in parliament, General Malan. also said that
national service for Indians was not being considered. He said any
future changes to the system would depend ‘on the decision of the House

of Delegates. General Malan said defense expenditure as a percentage

of state expenditure had dropped from 18.4 percent in 1977 to 17.1 percent
in 1981, and 13.7 percent this year. He said these percentages compared .
favorably with other countries where there was a lesser ‘conflict. than in
South Africa. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in Afrikaans 1400 GMT

16 May 86] /9604

cso: 3400/1738

50



The second area where government attention is focused are the export
trading houses, including merchants and agents which export on their own
account or on behalf of others.

The official hope, apparently, is to stimulate and re-create, within the
private sector, the successful trading-house concept utilised by the
Japanese.

The needs of the clothing industry are now also being addressed, the
purpose being to enable all potential exporters to qualify for ‘the
incentives: offered.

/9317
CSO: 3400/1736

92



MUSLIM MISSIONARY URGES COOPERATION WITH ZULUS IN RURAL AREAS

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 9 May 86 p 14

(Text ]

19274
cso:

- “workers and making possible adequate

MUSLIM missionary, Mr Cassim
Ntombela, has called on the Muslim
community to join the Zulu nation in
economic development programmes
for their common good.

Mr Ntombela said that there was a
great deal of hardships in the rural
areas of Natal and KwaZulu and that a
concerted effort by Muslims will goa
long way to reduce the suffering.

“More people now in the rural com-
munity are turning to Islam than ‘at
any other time. While efforts are being
made to take care of their spiritual
needs, it is. important to develop eco-
nomic programme to ensure that their
lifestyles also improve.

“A top priority was the creation of
more job opportunities, training skilled

3400/1788

71

housing developments,” said Mr Ntom-
bela.

He said that while the country was
going through a tough economical
phase and hardships were being en-
countered also in urban areas, the need
to develop rural settlements was vital
to ensure a healthy future for a great
number of people.

“] believe that many. of our Muslim
businessmen have the necessary re-
sources to make a valid contribution,
not as a handout, but as partners in an
investment in the future,” said Mr
Ntombela.

He said that people in the rural areas
would welcome Muslim participation,
especially since Islam was spreading in
their communities.

JPRS*SSA*86*060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



The main recipients of technical aid were the veterinary education project
at the University of Zambia (UNZA) and the school of Medicine at the same
institution.

Mr Imagawa said his government might raise the amount of grant aid to
Zambia this year.

19317
CSO: 3400/1771

32



JPRS*SSA~86«060

11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PRIVATE INDUSTRY TASK TO MONITOR GOVERNMENT SPENDING ANNOUNCED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 16 May 86 p 3

[Text]

PORT ELIZABETH — Pri-
vate industry “watchdogs” to
monitor Government spend-
ing will be appointed within
the next few days.

This was announced by the
Minister of Finance, Mr Barend
du Plessis, in Port Elizabeth
yesterday. .

He told the congress of the In-
stitute of Cost and Management
Accountants at the University of
Port Elizabeth that the Govern-
ment had for some time been
monitoring productivity in the
public service and could claim
to have made “not insignificant”
progress on this front.

He drew attention to the steps
he had outlined in his Budget
speech to enable the current ex-
penditure of Government de-
partments to be critically eva-

luated by a special task force .

consisting of leaders of the pri-
vate sector.

“The names of the group will
be announced within days and I
place a lot of faith in their abili-
ty to identify where savings can
be made,” the Minister said.

Dealing with the general eco- ©

nomic situation, Mr du Plessis
said data received by the Gov-
ernment in recent weeks indi-
cated that South Africa’s eco-
nomic upswing had so far been
far weaker than had been hoped
for at the time of the Budget in
March.

/12828
CSO: 3400/1783

But since the Budget there
had been some, welcome de-
velopments such as the contin-
ued fall in the oil price with-
out an accompanying fall in the
gold price, the firmer trend of
the rand and better prospects

for agriculture. :

“But domestically the immi-
nent recovery has as yet not
been particularly visible.

“I am certainly anxious that
we should not do so crass a
thing as to talk ourselves out of
an incipient recovery. .

But it would be equally ill:
advised for any of us to assume
that the March measures were
so perfectly tailored to our situ-
ation as to require no subse-
quent adjustments.”

However, in assessing South
Africa’s present economic situa-
tion, account had to be taken of
the fact that the stimulatory
measures introduced in the Bud-
get had not yet had their effect
on the economy.

These included the increase in
public service salaries, the re-
duction in personal income

taxes and the additional expen-_

diture on unemployment, train-
ing and the upgrading of living
conditions.

“The business world should
still benefit from these mea-
sures and their stimulatory ef-
fects will still filter through the’
system and provide an addition-
al modest stimulation.”

44

The Government was watch-
ing the situation closely and was
prepared to consider further sti-
mulatory measures should this
be judged necessary, Mr du
Plessis said.

Turning to the theme of the.
congress — productivity — he
said managements had a key
role to play in promoting this.

In any sound economic sys-
tem a close relationship should

‘exist between increases in per-

sonnel remuneration and the
rate of growth in productivity.



AMNESTY FOR ARMS, AMMUNITION EXTENDED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 May 86 p 11

JPRS+SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] PRETORIA. — Since nor for any misdemea-
the original announce- nour relating to not re-
ment in December 1985 porting the loss, theft or
of a period of amnesty to destruction thereof.
people illegally possessing “Applications for the
firearnis and ammunition possession . of weapons
to hand these items in to can be made at the same
the South African Police time in appropriate cases.
without fear of prosecu- “With regard to ma-
tion, a further period of chineguns, handgrenades,
grace of two months was mortars, artillery ammu-
granted and once again nition, teargrenades and
about 15000 firearms other similar objects and
were handed to the SAP. explosives, the Atorneys-

‘This was said yesterday General of the individual
by the Minister of Law wrtments are releasing
and Order, Mr Louis lé orders to State prosecu-
Grange and the Minister tors of whom they are in
of Justice, Mr H J Coet- charge, not to prosecute
see, in a joint statement any person for unlawful
released in Pretoria. possession should the ob-

Several people also ap- jects be handed in during
plied for licences for fire- the period of grace.”
arms in their possession. , ‘The statement called

“The Government has upon people in unlawful
now decided to grant a fi- possession of any of the
nal period of amnesty un- objects named to use the
til the end of June. opportunity to get rid of

“Jt is therefore an- the objects without fear
nounced that according to of prosecution. After
Section 10(a) of the Arms June 30 prosecutions will
and Ammunition Act, be instituted in the nor-
1969, as will be set out in mal way and the state-
the Government Gazette, ment ‘pointed out that
that any person ilegally conviction under the
possessing arms and am- above mentioned Act car-
munition and who hands tiers sentences as high as
it in at any police station ten: years’ imprisonment
or to any police officer without the choice of a
during the period of May fine. — Sapa.
16, 1986 to June 30, 1986,
will not be prosecuted for
the unlawful possession of
such arms or ammunition

/12828
CsO: 3400/1783
49
) ,



JPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BOTHA CALLS FOR ATTENTION TO AGRICULTURE
¥MB151437 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1428 GMT 15 May 86

[Text] Pretoria, 15 May (SAPA)--The South African Government will in
the future receive the full cooperation of the South Africa Agricultural
Union (SAAU) following a statement released this morning that the state
president, Mr P.W. Botha, has given instructions that a restoration plan:
for agriculture be given immediate attention, according to Mr Kobus
Jooste, president of the union. .

Mr Jooste has, on behalf of the union, "expressed gratitude at Mr Botha's
sympathetic approacl " to problems facing the South African farmer.

This morning Mr Botha released a statement that he had instructed the
minister of agriculture and the Economic Advisory Council to give immediate
attention to the matter.

The state president. said in view of the desperate position of agriculture
in the country and the value attached by the government to a vigorous

and sound agricultural sector, the minister of agriculture has been
instructed to urgently submit a blueprint for the restoration of agricul-
ture in view of agriculture's importance as a sector of the South African
economy. The Economic Advisory Council has been instructed to attend to
some aspects of the blueprint.

"Steps taken by the state president in connection with agriculture are _
very encouraging," Mr Jooste said. "The planned enquiry should lead to
greater confidence in agriculture and a better. future for this sector.

"The whole question of input costs will be analysed incisively and will
intercept the union's stand on the freezing of prices as we are confident
that all facets of the farmers financial problems will be addressed.

"We trust that SAAU and its affiliates will make important contributions
to the restoration plan," Mr Jooste concluded. "

19604
cso: 3400/1738

45



JPRS~SSA*86*060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT DETERMINED TO RETAIN RESIDENTIAL APARTHEID

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 4 May 86 p 19

{Article by David Breier]

[Text]

SOUTH Africa’s chronic unrest |
has made the Government

more determined than ever not

to scrap residential apartheid

in the vast majority of areas

for fear of importing unrest

into white suburbs.

The Government plans only
minor. adjustments to residen-
tial apartheid, while the bulk of
suburbs will remain segregat-
ed. This was leaked to Sunday

Star last week after confusion .

surrounding recent Govern-
ment statements on the Group
Areas Act. soe

The chronic unrest situation
has made the National Party
more determined to retain
white exclusivity in the vast
majority of white suburbs.

“If we let black members of
the United Democratic Front
into white suburbs, are there
going to be necklaces and hand
grenades?” was how one Gov-
ernment member put it. .

The Group Areas Act is at
present being considered by the.
Consititional Affairs Commit-
tee of the President’s Council,
which is due to make its rec-
ommendations to the Govern-
ment later this year.

It it reliably understood that
while the committee has not

/12828

CsO: 3400/1730

yet come up with firm recom-
mendations, the Nationalist
members of the council are de-
termined not to scrap group
areas.

In addition they are opposed
to any “local option” formula
which would allow local auth-
orities or residents to open
their areas piecemeal. They
argue that local option would
cause chaos if whites changed

‘This will enable mixed cou-
ples, who may . now legally
marry following the scrapping
of the Mixed Marriages Act, to
obtain a home legally.

In effect the-new policy will
-mean that few suburbs, some

of them not yet established, -

might become “grey areas”.

The name of the Group’

Areas Act might also be
- changed and some technical
adjustments could occur.

But large-scale opening of
suburbs — especially white
suburbs — to all races, even on
their minds after blacks moved
in, meaning the . newcomers
would be forced out again.

According to the sources, the

. only practical ‘reforms: which
the Nationalists are ‘prepared
to accept at.this stage are the

. opening up of some newly-pro-

claimed areas to all. races. In
addition some form of recogni
tion might be given to areas
where extensive mixing has al-
ready taken place. illegally,
such as Johannésburg’s one
brow and Berea’ and Cape
Town's Woodstock. .

74

“a loeaf option basis, is just not
‘on., now, according to the
ssources. .

A recent speech by Mr Chris

Heunis, the Minister of Consti-
tional Development and Plan-
ning, caused a stir of hope that
the ‘Act would be scrapped
swhen he said whites who need-
#4 the Group Areas Act to re-
main white, did not deserve to
be white.
k. This followed his statement
that he was not wedded to any
Act. President P W Botha said
that no Act was a sacred cow.

But in a clarifying statement,
last week, Mr Heunis said the.'
Act was not necessary to en-
-sure the identy of whites or any
‘other groups, but was a stat-
utory instrument to order com-,
munity life... ot

He said it remained Goveth-
ment policy that the country
could best be served on a group
basis:

__It is known that the Nation-
alists in the President's Council
itend to take their cue from the
Government. The ‘signal they
have been getting is to achieve
whatever reforms they can to
the Group Areas ‘Act without
large-scale residential integra-
tion. .

The recent sctapping of in-
‘flux control, - has. brought
«pressure to bear on the Gov-
ernment to allow full freedom
of movement by abolishing
: group areas, a :
:. But the Group Areas Act has
in-fact never applied to blacks ©
— only to whites, coloureds and
Indians who each “have their
own group areas in terms of
the Act. Black areas have been
controlled by the Black Urban
‘Areas Consolidation Act.



JPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GENCOR REVIEWS 1985 DEVELOPMENTS
Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 12 May 86 p 7

[Article by Derek Tommey]

[Text]

GENCOR, the huge mining
house group, has been adding
up its 1985 achievements and
they make a formidable list.

For the first time group
turnover exceeded R5 billion
while profits after tax in-
creased by 66 percent to
R458 million, it says in the
Gencor 1985 review, published
fro the group's employees.

The mining divis. n was the
main contributor to Group in-
come, almost doubling its
share to R363 million.

While this to some extent re-
flects the weakness of the rand
against the dollar,it is also at-
-tributable to the significantly.
increased export volumes
achieved through productivity.

“The weak rand was a mixed
blessing for the group, for
while it benefited mining, it
hurt our industrial operations.
The combination of high infla-
tion and low demand forced
the industrial division’s contri-
bution down from R26,4 million
to R108 million.

“There was some improve-
ment in the last quarter of 1985
when the easing of hire-pur-
chase conditions and the drop
in interest rates stimulated de-
mand in the commercial and
consumer goods sectors.

“This trend has continued
into the first few months of
1986 and present indications

/12828

CSO: 3400/1786

are that this will help to im-
prove the industrial division's
results in the current year.”

Other major developments
and achievements in 1985 were:
@ Completing the Beatrix gold
mine at a cost of R430 million
and reaching full production in
record time;

@ Completing Sappi’s Ngod-
wana project at a final cost of
R16 billion which increased ca-
pacity by some 50 percent;
@Going ahead with the No 6
shaft at Winkelhaak gold mine
at a cost of approximately
R260 million,

,.@ Receiving the full benefit of
the expansion programmes at
the Kinross and Winkelhaak
gold mines; and
@ Making good Progress in the
development of a small gold
mine at Sao Bento, Brazil;

Because of foreign exchange
losses in 1984 and the financing
of capital projects, it was nec-
essary to strengthen the capital
structures of a number of the

j industrial companies.

This was done through rights
issues of R200 million by Sappi,
R120 million by Tedelex and
R74 million by Kanhym. Gen-
cor’s own capital structure was
strengthenet

‘a rights issue of R410 million.

No further rights issue is

, envisaged.

84

during 1984 with.

Gencor is now entering a
consolidation phase in which
funds are being ploughed back
to strengthen its balance sheet
by gradually increasing the dis-
tribution cover.

@ Channel Mining made a
profit of R83 013 in the six
months ended December, 1985,
but no dividend is being paid.

In the same period of 1984
the company had a loss of
R36 593,and by the end of June
1985, it had an accummulated
loss of R1,024 million.

Working income in the six
months ended December was
‘R49 716 (year ago, R40 495)
while working revenue was
R612 690 (R399 204).

The company mined 15 872
tons of ore and produced 10 092
carats (11690 carats). Yield
dropped to 0,64 from 0,93 a ton
mined.

@ Plascon-Evans Paints has
increased its interim dividend
by 40 percent from 5c to 7c a
share. Attributable profit in-
creased 26,5 percent to
R5,3 million (R4,2 million).

Trading conditions had im-
proved and if this situation‘
continues, earnings and the or-
dinary dividend will be higher
than last year, the directors
say.



/9317

There is a definite case of terrorism in the Middle East, practised
by the zionist state which has uprooted and dispersed a whole people,
the Palestinians. The struggle against thie injustice is as legitimate as
was the American struggle for independence.

But all the Palestinian efforts to re-establish a state of their own
us a nation, are being buried under the Reaganist definition of ‘‘terror-
ism’ which denies all the genuinely oppressed peoples, the right to
struggle for independence and democracy:

‘This definition is a historical crime because its international
dimension and perepective recognises the Unita bandits in Angola
and the drug-dealing mercenaries in Central America as. “freedom
fighters” but not the ANC and PAC of South Africa and Swapo of
Namibia.

It protects the inhuman crimes of the apartheid regime and
justifies the state-sponsored terrorism of zionism.

]t is a frightening spectacle that in spite. of the thousands
that have been massacred by the racist regime in South Africa during
the past two years, the summit.in Tokyo failed to pass 2 single word
of ‘censure against Pretoria. On the contrary Botha was praised for
non-existent ‘‘reforms’’.

The Iteaganist definition of international terrorism, which has been
endorsed in Tokyo, has only exposed those at the summit aa dangerous-
ly ignorant of just what is terrorism and who the real terrorists are.

cso: 3400/1752

39



JPRS-SSA-86-060
11 JUNE 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS
ANGOLA

FAPLA, UNITA's Military Strength Assessed
(Kevin Toolis; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 16 May 86) cceccecceecceeceeee 1

Briefs
More Refugees Flee to Zambia 3
Diamond Production Crops 3
CHAD
Lake Chad Basin Commission Meeting Ends
(Ndjamena Domestic Service, 15 May 86) vcecsceccccececeresees 4
GHANA
Briefs
Burkina Air Links Resume 5
Civil Aviation Authority Established 5
Civil Aviation Department Reorganized 5
MOZAMBIQUE
Human Trade in Refugees Exposed on South Africa's Borders
(Hilton Hamann; SUNDAY TIMES, 4 May 86)..+.sessseeeeeereeeees 6

Military Revolutionary Tribunal Issues Sentences
(Maputo Domestic Service, 17 May 86) cccsccccccccevccccnereces 9

Briefs
Effects of Drought in Inhambane 12

-ac



MOTOR INDUSTRY 'HEADING FOR DISASTER'

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 May 86 p 25

{Text ]

THE South African’ mo-

tor industry is headed for’

disaster unless the Gov-

ernment comes to its res-’

cue with significant con-
cessions on perks tax and
GST.

This warning was

sounded yesterday by
Theo Swart, managing di-
rector of the country-wide
motor trading operations
of the McCarthy group —
the country’s largest ve-
hicle distributor.

“If the Government is

serious about stimulating
the motor industry, it
should immediately ease
up on the perks tax and at
least halve GST on new
and uséd vehicle sales for
the next two years,” said
Mr Swart. “It should also
heed the call of the manu-

9274
cso:

3400/1747

facturers (NAAMSA) for
the scrapping of the 10
percent surcharge on all
imported items affecting
the motor industry,” he
added.

“The situation is so
desperate that we simply
do not have time to wait
for the Margo Report.
The motor market is in
such a sad state that wide-
spread unemployment is
now threatened at the re-
tail end of the business.
We all know that there is
already 36 percent unem-
ployment at the manufac-
turing end,” said Mr
Swart.

“As motor traders, we
have been maintaining
our infrastructures pen-
ding an improvement in
the market, but we can-

END

102

not hold on indefinitely
without restructuring,”
said Mr Swart. “This
means that the jobs of
people of all races at all
levels are at risk,” he
added.

He said the expected
upturn in sales in April
did not materialise. “Car
sales for. April will be
somewhere between
14 000 and 15 000 units—

well down on the 17 000°

that some people, includ-
ing McCarthy, were ex-
pecting,” said Mr Swart.
However, he said that
McCarthy had managed
to continue to maintain its
market share in the first
four months of the year in
what he described as an
appalling retail’ market.
“The prime blame for

JPRS~SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

the significant and sus-
tained drop in the motor
market can be laid firmly
at the door of the perks

tax.

“Whilst we do not take
issue with the need for
perks tax, or its phasing
in, we believe that the
deemed values — the

, amounts the taxpayers

must fork out — are too
punitive and must be sig-
nificantly lowered,” said
Mr Swart.

He said that the perks
tax has brought a total
change to the profile of
the motor industry in
South Africa.


SOUTH AFRICA

REGIONAL SERVICES COUNCILS SEEN AS FAILURE

Cape Town GRASSROOTS in English May

[Text]

INCREASING resistance to apart-
heid by the majority of South
African citizens has forced the
government to try and make it
appear as if blacks are being given
a say in the running of the coun-
try, while at the same time mak-
ing sure that the white minority
remains in power.

The tricameral parliament in-
troduced in 1984 was one of the
systems the State created to give
the impression that people other
than whites were being given a say
in decisions taken by the central
government. .

Now it is trying to do the same
thing at a local level.

com. council - failure

Previous attempts to “include”
blacks in local government
through management committees
and community councils have
been a complete failure because
people have realised that these
bodies are powerless and fall far
short of the people’s demand for a
share in government through one
person one vote. .

The government has now come
up with a new plan.

It is going to create new
“multiracial” councils which will
serve regions, rather than just a
single city or town,

62

86 p 14

The regional council in the

Western Cape, for instance, will
include Cape 1 own, the townships,

other municipalities like Stellen-
bosch, Bellville and Kraaifontein
and neighbouring farming areas.

RSC’s - little Power

The RSC will provide services
to all the communities within the
boundaries but will have very
little power — the National Party
and its collaborators in the tri-
cameral parliament will have final
control over the RSC.

Within the various’ regions,
the government will divide
communities of various races into
many small local authorities —
similar to the white city and town
councils which exist at the
moment,

In black areas where no coun-
cils exist, the management com-
mittees and community councils
will play the same role as town
councils and divisional councils in
white areas.

‘Appointed by Govt.

In areas where there are no
management committees, the
government will appoint them and
there will be no elections until
1988.



/12828
cso:

3400/1783

Areas Act. But of course politics is a question
of doing the possible at the right time. We must
have grassroots support for our viewpoints.
That is dynamic leadership.

How do you see the future of South
Africa developing? :

There is a restlessness within the white
community, in the youth community and the
Afrikaner community, of not being there
where the future is formed. Jeugkrag tries to
channel this.

I don’t want to be too pessimistic, but I think
there will be a fight in the end, an escalation of
violence within the next few months, and the
next few years.

The question that remains is: “Who is going
to fight whom in South Africa?” Is there going
to be a race war, which I will do everything in
my power to prevent, or will it rather be a war
between ideologies?

This is our country as much as it is the black
peoples’ country. There is no place else we can
go. We will stay for better or worse, and that is
why I say that if, at the end, it becomes a real
possibility that we will have a socialist
government in South Africa in what may be an.
extreme form, I can see no option other than
whites taking up arms — however regrettable
that is, I hope it does not come to that.

48



JPRS*SSA~86*060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

DUVHA COAL MINE OPERATING AT FULL PRODUCTION

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 11 May 86 p 8

[Article by John Orpen]

[Text]

/9317

RAND Mines’ first colliery tied to
an Escom power station was
Duvha, which is now operating at
full production. It is an opencast
operation and is designed to sup-
ply roughly 800000 tons of coal
to Escom each month.

Duvha is wholly owned by the
quoted Witbank Collieries company which, in
turn, forms part of the Rand Mines group.

The power station itself is not far from the
concrete highway connecting Witbank and
Middelburg, and is easily seen by travellers
between the Witwatersrand and the Kruger
National Park. The green facade of the main
boiler and turbine-generator house is unmis-
takeable and distinguishes Duvha from other
power stations in the area.

The station has six 600-MW units, giving a
total output of 3600 MW. The last was com-
missioned early in 1984.

The mine has three draglines for clearing
overburden and exposing the coal seams. The
third came into operation late in 1984 and
opened ‘up a fourth pit in the Wolvekrans
North area.

Total sales of coal in the last financial
year stood at 9,8 million tons and will proba-
bly stick at this level in future years, How-
ever, in July last year Duvha achieved a
record 1 025 million tons mined.

Like many other opencast mines on the
Eastern Transvaal Highveld, Duvha is heavi-
ly involved with the rehabilitation of mined-
out ground. Just on 46ha had already been
grassed at the end of the last financial year.

CSO: 3400/1763

97

A further 106 ha had been levelled and top-
soiled, and planting took place during the
summer months of 1985-86.

Duvha employs some 1230 people. Most of
the white staff live in the town of, Witbank
itself, while blacks are largely accommodat-
ed in single-quarter, hostel-type housing at
Lesedi, adjoining the mine.

Emphasis is given to the development of

skills in the labour force, and extensions to
the training facilities were completed last
year.
* Rand Mines is now busy with an in-depth
study of a scheme to rationalise coal re-
‘serves in the Duvha-Douglas complex. This
could mean that a lot more reserves could be
made available to Duvha, which in turn
would obviously extend the life of the power
station.

On top of that, it could release a cer-
tain amount of coal for the export market. If
it is decided to go ahead with the scheme,
substantial capital expenditure would be in-
curred, though it appears that the funds will
probably be generated internally.

Since the advent of Duvha, Rand Mines
has embarked on the construction of two
more coal mines which will be tied to Escom
power plants. These are Khutala, which will
supply the giant 4 032-MW Kendal power sta-
tion and Majuba, near Amersfoort to the
south. The latter will supply a slightly
smaller station than Khutala.

Both these mines will differ from Duvha in
being underground operations.



KANO AIRFORCE SCHOOL TO BE EXPANDED

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 17 Apr 86 p 6

[Article by Sani L. Abdullah]

[Text]

/9317
CSO: 3400/1767

ONE of the oldest Air-
force base in the country
the 303 Flight Training
School in Kano is going
to be expanded, the
Chief of Air Staff, Air
Vice-Marshall Ibrahim
Alfa disclosed yesterday.

The Chief of Air Staff
who was speaking during
a courtesy call on the
Kano State Governor,
Colonel Ahmad Moham-
mad Daku said very soon
the relevant equipments
for the expansion will be
delivered.

- Air Vice-Marshall,
Tbrahim Alfa said , Kano
xs a border state needs to
have a reliable Air base
to serve the expected
se of an Air-force

mp. He said the major
function of the Airforce
base is to ensure that no

22

secutiry threat enters the
country unchecked.

The Chief of Air Staff
also commended the
eople of Kano for their
long lasting patience to
the activities of the old
Airforce base. Speaking,
Colonel Ahmad Daku
described the visit as very
vital to acquaint the

.Chief of Air Staff with

the fields. The Governor
also notice the import-
ance of the 303 Flight
Lraining School as most
of Nigeria’s most senior
Airforce personnel pas-
sed through it.

Governor Ahmad
Daku expressed delight
over the benefit Kano
state has been deriving
from ‘the Airforce loca-
tion and promised to give
all the required co-
operation to the school.

JPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

NIGERIA


JIPRS*SSA~86«060
11 June 1986

It called on the government to review the present system of tax collection to
ensure that privileged citizens who now evade tax payments were made to pay

tax promptly and adequately.

On the direct labour policy of executing government projects, the union said
it would assist to further the objectives of the policy only if the govern-

ment provided adequate materials.

Benue Workers Resume Duties
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 23 Apr 86 p 16

[Text] CIVIL servants in Benue
State have resumed normal
duties after being on strike for’
three days over a proposed
withdrawal of certain fringe
benefits by the state govern-

ment.

Although there has been no
further directive from the
state cbuncil of the NLC since
it called the workers on strike,
some of the workers said they.
went back to work following
the government’s pronounce-
ment on fringe benefits.

‘The State Governor, Group
Capt. Jonah Jang, had said on
Saturday that the government
was defering the withdrawal
of fringe benefits for ‘‘at least
three months'* following
negotiations with its creditors
toreschedule its débts.

Workers at the general
hospital, Makurdi where the’
effect of the strike had been
felt most by-patients, resumed
normal duties on Monday
‘morning.

Teachers in primary and
post-primary institutions also
turned out as schools re-
opened for the third term
yesterday. .

The state chairman of the
NLC, Mr. Joseph Orkar, was
not available for comments.

/12828
cso: 3400/1773

18



PILOTLESS ATTACK, RECONNAISSANCE AIRCRAFT DESCRIBED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Apr 86 p 13

[Text ] DURBAN — A pilotless
attack and reconnaissance
aircraft, .said to be the
most «advanced in the

+ world; has been designed
- by-a Durban aeronautical
engineet.’

The :3,81m remote pi-
lotless vehicle (RPV); co-
denamed ‘Eyrie”, was
designed by.Dr Maitland
Reed of Westville.

“As far, as we are
aware, the -Eyrie is the
best . performer in the
world,” he said.

“It carries four 70mm
rockets, two television
cameras and looks like
something out of Star
Wars,” said Dr Reed,
managing director of Nat-
ional Dynamics.

‘The Eyrie can fly for 14
or 24 hours, depending on
the model, at 350knv/h. It
has two foving camera
eyés which sérid pictures
back to the controller.

Dr Reed said the Ey-
tie’s. most deadly har-
assment role was to pack
it with explosives and di-
rect it at.a target in a “Ka-
mikaze-type” attack.

It would be offered on
the export. market for

about R8-mi fora kit of six
aircraft ‘and. back-up
equipment.

19274...
CSO: 3400/1747

‘The Eyrie was the re-
sult of 12 years’ research.

Its closest international
contender, the US-built
Skyeye, fell short of the
Eyrie’s performance, with
a climb-rate rate differ-
ence of 1000 metres a
minute compared with
4.320 a minute.

The Skyeye’s flying

101

time is eight hours against
14 or 24 by the Eyrie.

‘The Eyrie has a ceiling
of 6 060m, with its closest
fival capable of 4 545m
and can be directly con-
trolled over a range of
160km instead of the
nearest competitor's
100km. — Sapa.

JPRS“SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



problems making it difficult for the mines to attain its set production
targets. He signled out lack of funds and low price of diamonds as the main
problems that affected mining last year. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS
in English 25 Apr 86 p 1] /9274

cso: 3400/1790

30



/12828
CSO:

The execitives of street committees
come together to form a section
committee and the section committees
and five delegates of all other
progressive organisations operating in
the township together form an area
committee.

* The area committee then formed a
civic association.

It is still too early to gauge the
effectiveness of the street committees
but recently when police disrupted the
launch of the civic association in the
township, a highly successful three-
day stayaway was called.

“It was remarkable how quickly and
efficiently information filtered
through to individuals.” .

Street committees decentralise civic
associations making them more
approachable.

This has resulted in decisions
emanating from the people themselves
rather than from the executives of an
organisation. .

Recently a street committee in
Mamelodi decided that shebeens had
to operate until 10pm.

3400/1782

54

This was a decision affecting a
particular street and other streets
wishing to impose similar restrictions
had to discuss the matter with the
inhabitants of that street together with
the shebeen owner. .

Every resident living in a particular
street becomes a member of a
particular street committee. The only
people excluded from membership
are councillors, police and others who
are openly collaborating with the
system. .

Tt usually happens that a member of
a street committee affected by a
certain decision feels unhappy about a
proposal. If after a lengthy debate he
still feels dissatisfied, the matter is
referred to the block committee.

The matter can be taken to the
highest level, the civic association, and
if no accord is then reached, the
matter is put to a vote.

“If a decision likely to affect the
whole of Mamelodi is taken at street
committee level, then it will have to be
taken to the section committee which
will pass it on to the area committee
and the civic association before a final
decision is taken.”

In Mamelodi there are separate
committees for adults and the youth
because of the peculiarity of their
experiences and their needs.

But they come together at the civic
level and this eliminates possibilities
of friction and conflict of interest.



IJPRS*SSA~86+060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK SASH OFFICE OFFERS ADVICE ON PASS REFORM LAWS

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 16-22 May 86 p 14, 15

{Article by Barbara Ludman]

[Text]

, down the steps.

THREE weeks after -the govern ment’
announcement that influx control is on its way out,
the Black Sash advice office in Johannesburg is
busier than ever, with queues out the door and

increase is due more to rising
unemployment than to govern ment
announcements. Problems related to influx
control haven't changed.

There’s a 23-year-old “foreigner” (last
registered as a Bophuthatswana citizen) who needs
a South African identity document; an old man
who wants his pension paid here, not in the
Transkei; a family whose citizenship is so tangled
among two countries and a homeland that they’re
currently stateless. sot

What might have changed are the solutions.

In this interregnum between the government’s
announcement and the adoption of a law, what
reigns is neither optimism nor despair. It's
confusion.

“The officials are as confused as we are,” said
advice office head Sheena Duncan this week.

“One Wrab official told us people can work
wherever they like, including people from the
TBVC states.

“Another official is saying only people with a
housing pérmit can work wherever they like.

“All we can do in this office is test it out to see
what happens. At the moment the law is as it’s
always been, but it’s no longer being enforced.”

One day last week the Sash set a record of sorts:
138 people came in for advice. That’s roughly 80
percent more than usual.

‘What can the Sash tell them?

“We don’t expect to be able to be precise about
what the new system is for a considerable time,”

Duncan says. .

A major question concems the status of people
whose papers identify them as “belonging” to one
of the TBVC states — Transkei, Bophuthatswana,
Venda and Ciskei. Dual citizenship is not

The

72

mentioned in the draft Identification Bill but is
already provided for in a new form issued by the
Department of Home Affairs.

Another critical point — particularly for TBVC
people — will be the legal definition of
“permanent residence” — which, Duncan points
out, is a difficult concept in law.

“The new system is not clear,” says Duncan. “If
people come from TBVC countries, it seems they
have got to prove permanent residence.”

The Sash and its clients are caught between
interpretations of what permanent residence

means. So “if somebody has a reference book or a

passport from one of the TBVC states, and no
‘ urban rights,” says Duncan, and he is seeking

unemployment benefits, for example, “we are now
saying to him ‘We don’t know what will happen
but try to get your benefits here.’ For people
needing new identity documents, we say ‘Go and
apply’.”

One such is young A Kubeka, born on a
- Transvaal farm to a Tswana-speaking mother. His
mother has urban rights on the East Rand, but the

.son’s old reference book was issued in
Bophuthatswana because his birth certificate,
issued in 1973 — when he was 10 — says he
holds Bophuthatswana nationality. .

He moved to town four years ago, and a few
weeks ago lost his Bophuthatswana passport. His

ming was apparently excellent.

“He happens to have lost his book, just as
everything was changing,” says Duncan.

“Under the old system, he would have had
considerable difficulty because he grew up on a
farm; therefore he had no section 10 rights.

“Under the new system, what he will have to
prove — based on what the law is apparently
going to be — is that he is ‘permanently resident
with his family’ outside Bophuthatswana.”

The Sash is assuming an affidavit from a
resident with urban rights or a lodgers’ permit
will prove permanent residence. Kubeka. could
well benefit from the change — as should the man
who followed him to the advice office desk.

i



GOVERNMENT TO INCREASE SPENDING FOR 1986/87 BUDGET

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 6 May 86 pp 1, 3

[Artiéle by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Text ]

THE GOVERNMENT prop-
oses to spend 31.470 million/- for
the 1986/87 _ recurrent ° and
development budgets — an
increase of about eight billion/-
over the current estimates.

The National Consultative
Economic and Planning Council
was told in Dar es Salaam yester-
day that 25,003 million/- will go
to the recurrent budget while
6,467 million/- is being ear-
marked for development pro-
jects.

The Minister for Finance,
Economic Affairs and Planning,
Ndugu Cleopa Msuya, told
council, chaired by Prime Mi
ter and First Vice-President
Ndugu Joseph Warioba, that the
1986/87 Development Plan
would give priority to agricul-

ture, communications and indus-

try.

He said the agricultural sector
was being allocated 24 per cent
of the development budget.

It is proposed that 42.9 per |

cent of the budget should go to
the productive sectors, 25.7 per
cent to the economic sector and
19.5 per cent to social services.

The proposed development
budget is smaller than the 1985/
86 estimates of 6,828 million/-, of
which 3,424 million/- is to come
from external sources in grants
and loans,

Ndugu Msuya said, apart from
putting a major thrust on agricul-
ture, the 1986/87 plan would
emphasize five other areas.
These ar .
reduction in the increase of the
atc of money supply;

"19274
cso: 3400/1790

®control of project implementa-
tion. to balance the financial
and physical performance;

@imposition of curbs on the esca-
lation of inflation;

ensuring productive work for
all the promotion of national
efforts at self-reliance on the
basis of people and the land,
and .

narrowing of the gap between
government — revenue = and
expenditure.

He told the council that statistical
trends indicated more revenue
would be collected’ than estimated
under the 1985/86 recurrent budget.

However, actual expenditure was
‘expected at 25,530 million/- com-
pared to thé original estimates of
23,360 million/-

Ndugu Msuya said expenditure in
excess of budget was mainly caused
by poor control of government
expenditure.

Inder the 1986/87 plan efforts
would be made to provide agricul-
tural inputs in time. In industry,
increased capacity utilization for

servicing riculture
rectly such as the fertilizer, farm
implements and'tyre plants would
get priority.

Trunk and fecdet roads would be
improved in the. communications
sector in addition to rehabilitation
and procurement of vehicles and rol-
ling stock for crop haulage.

fhe minister said, 21 projects,
worth 1,330.7 million/-, had been
submitted to the government by pri-
vate enterprencurs under the 1986/
87 plan and. 17 of them costing

. 1,098.3 ‘million/- were already

approved. The rest was still under
scrutiny.

Ndugu Msuya said the govern-
ment proposed to spend 371.8 mill-
ion or 5.7 per cent of the next
development budget on the develop-
ment of technology and research.

Most of the moncy would to go

24

JPRS«SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

TANZANIA

activities contributing directly to the
development of. agriculture and
livestock, he explained.

Opening — the in carlicr,
Ndugu Wariob ed the central
ion of agriculture in national
He invited council members
cuss the 1986/87 phan on the
s of its contribution to the sector.
s for all other sectors must aim
cnstiring timely and smooth provi-
jon of agricultural implements and
sputs for increased food and cash
crop production: prompt collection,
movement and storage of produce,
‘and processing of farm products as
required. .

Ndugu Warioba also’ challenged
MPs and other members of the coun-
o'give maximum publicity to the
national development planning
activities which, he said, were little
known to most Tanzanians.

He urged MPs to publicise
national plans: in‘ their constituen-
cic ublic institutions and mass
organisations to facilitate smooth
implementation.

“Proper communication betwceti
planners. implementors of the plans
and the general public has the advan-
tage of striking better pla the
Prime Minister said.

The council yesterday afternoon
was reorganised into five committees
for resources and investment. pro-
duction. economic services. social
‘and administrative services and reg-
ional plans to deliberate on the prop-
osed plan.

The working committees will
continue today. They are scheduled
to summarise their discussions
tomorrow morning and report to the
winding up plenary session of the
council in the afternoon.

Deliberations of the Consultative
Committee will be channelled to the
Inter-Ministerial Technical Commit-
tee comprising Principal Scerctaries
for refining before the plan is submit-
ted to the Cabinet for final decis



NEW IDEA FOR ATTRACTING TOURISTS PROPOSED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 May 86 p 10

{Artic

[Text]

/12828
cso:

le by Zenaide Vendeiro]

Extensive and unfavourable
coverage of South Africa —
which has kept traditional tour-
ists away — can be used to cre-
,ate a new tourist market of al-
most unlimited potential.

This is the view of a travel
consultant, Mr Paul Browning,
who has suggested an unortho-
dox tourism campaign to coin-
cide with the SA Tourism
Board’s “Indaba” for travel
agents, being held in Cape Town
next week.

Mr Browning said travel
agents were faced with the al-
most insuperable task of over-
coming the impression that the
country was both unsafe and —
even if this were not true — that
it was just not a “nice” place to
visit.

Faced with this reality, the
SA Tourism Board had
trimmed or cancelled large-
scale media campaigns and had
concentrated on direct ap-
proaches to previous visitors.

Even this, however, could do
little more than keep business
ticking over. South Africa need-
ed to capitalise on its having
become the international news
story uf the decade.

3400/1785

90

“We have to accept the over-
seas perception of South Africa
as a reality and gear our actions
accordingly,” said Mr Browning.

“This country has a ‘Unique
Selling Proposition’. The Carib-
bean can offer beaches, other
parts of Africa have game re-
serves — but nowhere in the
world is there a constitution like
ours or a process of social and
political development of the
kind taking place here.

“Curiosity could be aroused
by a major campaign that would
ask: ‘What is the difference be-
tween the ANC and the AWB?
What do you know about {n-

katha? You must have heard of
the Zulus — but what about the
Xhosa, the Venda, the Tswanas?’
The message would be: ‘Come
and see for yourself’,” he said.

“This would replace hostility
with curiosity. It would mean
accepting visitors who had far
from complimentary views
about South Africa. But their
presence would enable South
Africans to begin the process of
influencing their opinions.”

Such a campaign would be
difficult, but challenging, and
could change the face of the
tourist industry and make it a
major foreign currency earner.

JPRS«SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS«SSA*86«060
11 June 1986

GHANA

BRIEFS

BURKINA AIR LINKS RESUME--Ghana and Burkina Faso have reached agreement
to resume air traffic links which were suspended 9 years ago. The
agreement follows 3 days of talks in Accra between the aeronautical
authorities of the two sides. Ghana's delegation was led by the acting
chief director of the Ministry of Transport and Communications,

Mr L.B. (Lurik) while the Burkina Faso team was headed by Mr Paul Antoine.
[Excerpt] [Accra Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 17 May 86] /9604

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY ESTABLISHED--A law establishing the Ghana Civil
Aviation Authority was today signed by the chairman of the PNDC. Under
the law, the new authority shall, among other things, be responsible for
the licensing of air transport, and the licensing of the provision of
accomodation in aircraft, the provision of air navigation services, the
operation of aerodromes, and provision of aeronautical assistance and
information, the registration of aircraft, and ensuring safety of air
navigation and aircraft, including air worthiness, regulating air transport
services, securing sound development of the civil air transport industry
in Ghana, advising the government on matters concerning civil aviation.
[Excerpt] [Accra Domestic Service in English 2000 GMT 16 May 86] /9604

CIVIL AVIATION DEPARTMENT REORGANIZED--Personnel changes have been made
at the Civil Aviation Department. The appointments of some have been
terminated for incompetence, and administrative lapses which have resulted
in substantial losses to the economy, while others have been terminated
for gross insubordination. [Excerpt] [Accra Domestic Service in English
2000 GMT 16 May 86] /9604 .

CSO: 3400/1735



It was F Nhlapo’s second visit to the Sash. He
first appeared at the advice office in 1981, when
he arrived in Johannesburg from the Balfour
district, where he had grown up on a farm.

His case differs from Kubeka’s because his home
language is Zulu, not Tswana, so there is no
danger of his being considered a citizen of an
“independent homeland”.

All the same, “when he came before, we told
him he would not be issued with a reference book
in Johannesburg because he had no urban rights.
He couldn't work in the towns because he was born
and grew up on a farm, and there was nothing we
could do for him. He would only get his reference
book in Balfour.”

Nhlapo came back to check on the news that the

* pass laws had been changed.

This time the Sash could tell him that according
to the announcement and the white paper, he could
apply for an identity document in Johannesburg —
and because-he is not a “foreigner” of any kind, he
can look for work. :

“As a single man with no children, he'll find it
much easier to'find a place to stay” — and with it
what the Sash is assuming to be. the crucial piece of
paper, a lodgers’ permit.

G Jobe is a “foreigner” — born in the Transkei
in 1918, employed in the Transvaal since 1933,
self-employed here for the past 15 years. Nearly
70, he’s ready for his pension. In the Transkei, it
would amount to R49 a month. In the Transvaal, it
will be R79 — and here he can supplement it with
odd jobs.

“Under the old system, we would have had to
prove he had been resident in an urban area for 10

years,” she says. “We would have tried to find a
Section 10 right for him somewhere. .

“Under the present setup, we have to prove that
he is permanently resident in the Republic with his
family.”

He lives here, but without his family. “He is what
the government calls a squatter,” says Duncan;
“living like thousands of others in the area called
Grasmere, between Johannesburg and
Vereeniging, He has less chance of being allowed
to remain than he had under the old system,
because his wife and children are in the Transkei.”
And without formal, approved housing, he won’t

/1282

8
CSO: 3400/1784

73

be able to bring them here.

Somebody wins, somebody loses — but for the,
Moyos, there’s no difference at all.

The Moyo brothers were born South Africans,
children ‘of.a Zulu-speaking mother and a father
who is a Botswana citizen. «

In 1977, with the Status of Bophuthatswana Act,
the boys — who speak their father’s language at
home — “automatically” became Bophuthatswana
citizens, but did nothing about it. A year later,
their father took out Botswanan citizenship for the
entire family. .

The boys tried to register here, but were refused
reference books. So they tried to register in
Bophuthatswana — which also turned them down.

Meanwhile the Botswana government has also
told them they. are not citizens — because under
Botswana law, a person who becomes a citizen as a
minor keeps that citizenship only by renouncing
his or her original citizenship before.the 22nd
birthday — and this they didn’t do.

Changes in the law will not affect the Moyos,
says Duncan, who is trying to help them to claim
their South African nationality.

In many ways the new system may seem much
the. same as the old. The Identification Bill
calls on employers or landlords to notify the
Department of Home Affairs (if so requested) of
people taking up employment or residence; those
people whose identification is demanded by a
“peace officer” must produce it.

“One of the things that will be very interesting to
see is how long it will be before people who
benefit by this change realise what ‘freedom of
movement’ means to people who are stopped and
asked for their ID documents in the Street,” says
Duncan,

“If they enforce the proposed law the way it
reads, it means they can stop you in the street, and
if they have reason to believe you are over 16 and
have not applied for an identity document —
because you do not produce one — they must
‘without delay’ take you to an office of a
representative of the Home Affairs Department to
check whether you're telling the truth when you
Say you do have an identity document,

“The only way the representative has of
checking is to take your fingerprints and flash
them through on the computer to check the
Population Register.

“This may not technically be an arrest — but if
people are to be stopped in the streets and marched
Off to a government office to be fingerprinted, it is
Boing to seem very like arrest to them.”



JPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

INDIAN HOUSING CRISIS--¥unus Moolla (Sol Stranger) said yesterday the h:

A
backlog for Indians was about 60,000. At a conservative cost of $25,000 me
unit, one was looking at a figure of R1,5bn to solve the problem, he said.
[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 15 May 86 p 5] /9274

BOESAK APPEALS TO JEWS--Dr Allan Boesak told a Jews for Justice meeting that
he welcomed the Jewish community in the struggle for the liberation of
“oppressed black people". The United Democratic Front patron and president
of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches was guest speaker last night at a
meeting in Gardens to commemorate Passover, the Jewish festival of freedom.
About 300 people attended. Dr Boesak urged the Jewish community to join
black people and work together for a "new dawn" for all. "Please join us

in the struggle for liberation," he said. he said all South Africans had
the right to call their land "home", therefore he did not speak only for
black people. He said the words of Moses to Pharaoh, "let my people go",
had become a rallying point for freedom-loving people all over the world.
Rabbi Selwyn Franklin of the Green and Sea Point congregations said that
since the same time last year the youth of South Africa had taken the
initiative to improve their education. All freedom-loving people could

no longer condone the continued imprisonment of Nelson Mandela and other
political prisoners and South African Jews had come to realise that the
suffering of their people was indivisible from the suffering of all other
people. [Text] [Cape Town THE ARGUE in English 29 Apr 86 p 6]/12828

CSO: 3400/1784

79



JIPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

ANGOLA

FAPLA, UNITA'S MILITARY STRENGTH ASSESSED
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 16 May 86 p 11
[Article by Kevin Toélis]

[Text] With the rainy season over, the military clash in Angola is expected to
heat up again. Backed by newly-acquired equipment from the U.S., Jonas
Savimbi's rebels will have a stronger hand.

But Luanda has also been resupplied--by the Eastern bloc--and hopes to wipe
out Savimbi once and for all.

After a recent lull in hostilities, which savimbi used to visit Washington and
secure promises of supplies, this fight is about to intensify.

The Angolan army, FAPLA, has been reinforced with new Soviet military hardware
and is expected to launch an all-out assault on Savimbi's Jamba stronghold in a
bid to crush the rebels once and for all.

Military observers believe the retrained FAPLA army is capable of succeeding.
Western intelligence reports emanating from South Africa already claim FAPLA
has deployed four mechanized brigades at the stragegic Cuito Cuanavale base in
Cuando-Cubango, and another brigade to the north, at Lucusse in Moxico proén
vince, in preparation for a repeat of last year's classic pincer-style offen-
sive.

Despite Washington's recent $30-million aid package to UNITA, FAPLA is in an
overwhelmingly superior military position. According to the London-based
Institute for Strategic Studies, FAPLA's strength now stands at 49,500 men,

an increase of 6,000 in the last year, backed by 20,000 Cuban troops and 5,000
advisers.

In addition there are up to 3,000 other foreign personnel including 700
Russians and 500 East Germans who UNITA claims are closely involved in the
planning of battles and the operation of radar and anti-aircraft installations.

Because of large-scale arms shipments over the last two years, Angola's air de-
fences have risen by 800 percent with the acquisition of 160 SAM-3 missiles and
an unknown number of SAM-8 and SAM-9s. The Angolan air force has also acquired



JPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY BANS ECC--Stellenbosch University has effectively
banned the End Conscription Campaign [ECC] from operating on its campus.

A university spokesman has confirmed the executive committee of the
university council and has.decided Stellenbosch facilities will not be made
available to the ECC.. The Stellenbosch branch of .the organization was
launched earlier this month at a meeting where an electronic listening
device was discovered. The university spokesman has refused to comment on
whether the ban is connected to the fact that President P.W. Botha is
chancellor of Stellenbosch. A Stellenbosch ECC spokesman says the
organization will continue its activities, but will have to find off-campus
venues for meetings. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 1100 GMT

16 May 86 MB] /12624

RESIDENTTAL AREAS SURVEYED. --Johannesburg, May 17, SAPA--More whites are now
prepared to open their own residential areas to other race groups than the:
were five years ago, a survey has shown. A survey, conducted for the Afrikaans
Sunday newspaper RAPPORT, said almost 40 percent of the people interviewed
were prepared to open their areas to coloreds compared with 26 percent

five years ago. Although only 29.2 percent of the respondents were

prepared to have black neighbors it is a marked improvement on the 17 percent
of five years ago. A little over half of. those interviewed felt coloreds
and Indians should have their own residential areas with percentages of

52 and 51.5 respectively for each group. Five years ago the figures were

64 and 62 percent respectively. The same question concerning blacks was
agreed with by 61 percent of the respondents compared with 72 percent in
1981. Women proved to be more conservative than men with 34 percent in
favor of Indian or colored neighbors. Regarding blacks, only 24 percent were
in favor. English-speaking respondents were more liberal than their
Afrikaans counterparts with 61 percent in favor of Indian or colored
neighbors and 51 percent saying suburbs should be open to blacks. Afrikaners
who are prepared to live in the same area as coloreds and Indians doubled

in the past five years from 13 to 26 percent, the survey showed. [Text]
[Johannesburg SAPA in English 2017 GMT 18 May 86 MB] /12624

GROUP AREAS ACT SURVEYED--Aimost three-quarters of 2,000 people interviewed
in a survey feel there should be changes to the Group Areas Act,a Sunday

newspaper said in an'early edition today. More than half (53.4 percent) of
the respondents in a survey conducted by the newspaper RAPPORT felt that the

77



remembering that on other fronts Pretoria is preaching deregulation and
privatisation.

Many, if not most, activities handled by the RSCs are prime targets for
privatisation (public transport the most patently obvious).

The draft regulations which will be appended to the RSC Act are currently
for comment with selected bodies in the private sector. The document is
marked "confidential" and, like the RSC Act, is peppered with anomalies
and characterised by confusion.

But assuming the levies are imposed, some of the few absolute points in
the draft regulations can be discussed.

The turnover tax will not be called that, but a regional establishment
levy (REL)--limited to a maximum of 0,1 percent of turnover. The payroll
tax will be called the regional services levy (RSL)--limited to a maximum
of 0,25 percent of remuneration.

Finance Minister Barend du Plessis has enormous discretionary powers under
the RSC Act. He can change the rate at whim and he can reduce the rates
in a particular RSC area while increasing them in others.

Discretionary powers create uncertainty and allow powerful lobby groups
to make deals (the Americans use pork-bellied politicians to describe
the phenomenon).

The merits or otherwise of the new Constitution, the source of the RSCs,
are beyond the scope of this discussion. Here, surely some method of
financing the RSCs within existing parameters could have been found?
After all, the theory behind the RSC levies enjoys almost universal
revulsion among economists.

The simple, short, and perhaps only answer to financing the RSC is an
increased land value tax. There is an international lobby arguing that
tax should be the only tax used in an economy. The lobby has some powerful
voices.

To quote Milton Friedman: "There is a sense in which all taxes are
antagonistic to free enterprise--yet we need taxes...so the question is--
which are the least bad taxes? In my opinion the least bad tax is a tax
on the unimproved value of land."

In SA perhaps the main proponent of the land tax is the Association for
Incentive Revenue Research (AIRR). It has submitted to the Margo
Commission an argument that the land tax encourages growth, productivity
and employment. Simply put, the land tax comprises the collection of
“natural rent" based on the market value of land.

88



/9317
cso: 3400/1731

poor, and hungry, and uncon-
cerned about his fellow human
beings.”

“Jt somebody steals, first we
make him give back what he has

stolen. Then ‘we explain why
stealing will not solve our prob-
lems of hunger and poverty. We
educate him about why there’ is
poverty, and how we can work to-
gether to solve it.

“Our Diggest concern Is that
our people can live in peace to-
gether, and can give their atten-
tion to fighting our real enemies
— ofpression and exploitation.

Mr Suttner said that this was
what made People’s Justice differ-
ent from the so-called “Kangaroo-
Courts”. In these courts, the
youth - are trying to rule the
people with fear. They threaten to
beat them if they do not support
the struggle. But they do not ex-
plain WHY they must support the
struggle.

But through people’s justice,
the leaders do not frighten the
people, They help people under-
stand their problems, Then they
support the struggle because they
can see it is right — not because
they are afraid.

The people’s organisations have
doné something that the apartheid
govetrimént could never do, They
have greatly reduced the crime
tate in the townships. All over,
people are saying, “Now we can

56

walk the streets at night with no
fear.” The crime rate has been
lessened through the people’s
courts, and through gangsters and
people in shebeens being asked to
give up their guns and knives.

“Of course, there are some
problems. Some people abuse
their power — particularly the
youth, But in areas where the
older residents are involved, there
are very few problems.

Even some of the police are
recognising the power of People’s
Justice. In the Eastern Cape, if
residents go the police office with
the complaints, the police tell
them to “Go to Jack” (a UDF
leader), or to go to the area com-
mittees, This is because the police
know that they cannot do any-
thing to solve the problem.

People’s Power

The creation of people’s justice
is an important new step on the
road to people’s power. In the
words of an Eastern Cape pamiph-
let:

“We aré no longer prepared to
wait for Botha to make changes.
We are taking our future into our
hands. Democracy is not some-
thing that will happen on the
day of liberation.

It is something that we must
learn, and develop NOW. The his-
toric task of building a new
society has now begun.



“It has reaped tremendous rewards.
Many people who opposed us have

been converted and now work with us -

—even policemen.”

“Here we do not concern ourselves
with legal technicalities,” says 32-
year-old Strike, Mayo’s oldest
member, “like in the Magistrate’s
Courts where, if you have a good
Jawyer, you can get off.”

But he rejects any suggestion that
these are simply “kangaroo courts”,
designed to eliminate dissenters.

People who have never been to a
township often associate people’s
courts with “necklacing”, the terrible
execution of suspected informers.

“This might have happened in some
townships, but no court in Mamelodi
has ever sentenced anyone to the
necklace,” says another member.

The court, he says, must hear each
side of a story before reaching its
verdict, and appeals are allowed —
heard by a special court that convenes
once a week.

Malpractices have occurred, admits
Mike, but these are discouraged as
much as crime itself, because they.
could rebound on the struggle.

“We do not intend to destroy
people,” he says. .

“They must gain confidence in what
we are doing, so that they can break
away totally from government
Structures. The government must
become irrelevant to their lives.”

In making it so, they wage a war of
nerves against the police. Black
policemen are isolated socially, made
to fecl outcasts,

Inevitably, there is violence..The
homes of activists are bombed with
Molotov cocktails, or even hand

52

grenades. The police deny complicity,
but in some cases residents claim to
have recognised the attackers.
Policemen’s homes are bombed in
‘retaliation.

Mamelodi, claims an MCA member,
has had more of these attacks than any
other centre in the country.

“We know who is doing it, but we
cannot prove it in court,” he says.

The activists deny complicity in
attacks on police, They attribute them
to “circumstances”, and admit they are
unable to control people who take the
Jaw into their own hands.

“But I will say this: in Mamelodi
there is not a single policeman who
has given trouble who is not dead.”

“The conditions force people to be
violent. Sometimes they use every
instrument they can to fight the
system, which is in itself violent,” says
Mike.

“But our organisations cannot now
resort to violence. The stage has not
yet come.”

For the moment, at least, the fight is
centred mainly on the black
townships.

But the time has come, says an MCA.
member, for blacks to begin meeting |
more regularly with whites, to get
them to start questioning what the
government tells them.

“The government needs white unity
more than anything, and we need to
divide that unity,” he says.

“It is essential for the government
itself to be isolated. They must be
forced to say: ‘we cannot govern’.”

The black struggle, he says, has
moved away from a “paper struggle”
into a grassroots movement, “and
these roots must spread into every
“corner of the land”.



DAILY CALLS FOR HALT TO GOVERNMENT PILGRIMAGE SUPPORT

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 23 Apr “86 p 3

[Editorial]

[Text]

OVERNMENT is said to have approved

the same number.as it did last year to _

go and “pray” on pilgrimage in the Middle-
East, and this is 21,400.

AND the social and cultural committee of
the All-Nigeria Conference on Foreign Policy
just ended in Kuru was reported to have
recommended that the federal government
should continue to sponsor pilgrimages till
the year 2,000!

THIS is very. unpatriotic, to say the least.
We are aware of the argument by Muslims
that pilgrimage is, to them, an obligation
especially those who can afford it. The
Christians, not to be outdone, are bent on
increasing their own pilgrims, arguing that
it is necessary for spiritual upliftment.

WE do not dispute these. What we say. is
that Mohammed or Christ did not say that a
government should sponsor the pilgrimages,
as is being done in Nigeria.

WE endorse that if a Muslim or a Christian
privately generates foreign exchange, he
should be free to use it as he deems fit, be it
on pilgrimage or a holiday abroad.

MAY we remind both the government and
the proponents of continued government
involvement in pilgrimages that Islam and
Christianity. are not the only religions in
Nigeria. There are several indigenous
religions in Nigeria and there are free
thinkers. Muslims and Christians may be in
the majority and may be in power, but the
constitution provides that the interests of the
minority must be protected.

14

JPRS*SSA~86*060
11 June 1986

NIGERIA


AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL LINK WITH DISSIDENTS EXPOSED

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 May 86 p 1

[Text]

ALMOST the whole dis-

isident high cornmatd has

/9317

now “becn_ arrested, tho
Minister of Home Affairs,
Cde Enos Nkala, sal

yesterday when announc-
ing the release from da-
tention of Zapu MP for
Gwanda, Mr * Haward
Ndiovu.

And those that “were
not rounded up have heon
flown elsewhere on tickets
paid by Amnesty Inter-
national, de Nkala
charged. - .

The minister —accusod
Amnesty International uf
vecruiting dissident lead-
ers and Zapu officinis 10
London to give them jn-
formation on). humen
rights in Zimbabwe.

Cde Nkala said dissl--
dent lender Makhathini
Guduza had told Zimba-
bwean security officers
that when he fled with
Zapu leader Dr Joshua
Nicomo to Botswana he

had remained theré
while Dr Nkomo left
that country.

He sald he had his fares
to and from London palit
by Amnesty Interna-
tional, the hendquartora
of the organisation, and
had been recruited to give
the organisation informa-
tion on human rights ta
@imbabive.

CSO: 3400/1752

A, bitter Cde_ Nkala,

said Amnesty Interna-

tional had accused secu-

rity forces of killing Cde
Luke and Jean Khumalo
at .Thekwane Secondary
School on November 25
last. year, .

“af they are humble peo-
ple and - interested in
human rights they should
comé here and confirm
with us now that we have.
the people involved in
these murderous activi-
ties, How did they (AI)
come into possession of 2
note left by the Khumalo
murderers at the school
the following day?" -Cde
Nikola asked,

‘The minister said he
got n talex on the death
of the Khumalog from
Amnesty International be-
fore he got reports from
the Zimbabwean police.

Amnesty International
had sent letters to differ-
ent ministers and even
the Prime Minister, Cde
Mugabe, on the human
tights violations, But, he
sald, some of. the people
the organisation asked
about had been released
from detention before he
was appointed Minister of
Home Affairs.

He charged that Am-
nesty International was

43

JIPRS«SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

ZIMBABWE

getting reports trom cle-
ments like a Mtimukulu
ang Jabavu' Mpofy who
had long since left Zim-
babwe, ‘The minister safd
of these and other dissident
denders Amnesty Inter-
national Helped fly out of
ie ‘areas where some of
them were arrested: “If
they are genulne about
human rights they should
bring’ these back to us.”

The organisation had
infiltrated local churches
to give them false infor-
mation about — human.
rights and “I might have
to hammer them (chur-
ches), “AI has recruited
people from many private
organisations”,

‘The Gwanda MP had his
charges withdrawn before
plea last week-and was
released from detention
yesterday, Mr Ndlovu had
been facing allegations,
with. nine other men, of
plotting to overthrow the
Government. Those stil!
facing chatges are Wil-
Ham Kona, Zapu national
chairman; Sydney Matu-
nga, Zapu MP for Mpopo-
ma; Charles Grey, Kind-
ness Ndlovu and ‘Tshile
Nieya (army brigaediers);
Zethht Dube and Eddte
Mlotshwa (colonels); Leon
Leroy Khumalo, a captain
ond Brian Sizibe, a corpo- *
rol,



{ important actor in the political process?

: Is Jeugkrag Mexible enough to change

: its mind on the ANC?

Yes, we are flexible. But at present our stance
is very clear, in the sense that we believe that

! the only time those people are willing to talk is
when they feel- they can advance their position,
or consolidate or avoid a retreat. That is
unacceptable to us. am

We are willing to talk if people honestly and
sincerely want. to reacha_ solution. Our
impression is that that is not the ANC's stance
on this. They’ve said a lot of times in the past
that they are only interested in the taking of
power, they are not interested in sharing power
with anyone. x
Do you then regard the initiative by the
businessmen and by Nico Smit in going
to Lusaka as incorrect?

I think these people helped the ANC in
marketing itself in South Africa. I don’t deny
the fact that the ANC has substantial support,
but that is not the question. The question in
politics is not always what the support of an
organisation is. The question it possible to

, come to terms with an organisation? And under_

which circumstances will you do so, and which +

_ Strategies are you going to use? I feel at present
the most appropriate strategy is not to talk to
the ANC. ‘

What is your attitude to the UDF?

The problem with the UDF is that you can’t
talk to it as an organisation. It is a very loose~
alliance of a lot of organisations.

I believe there are two definite elements
within the UDF. There are those who want to
make the country ungovernable and those with
undeniably close links to the ANC. But there is
also a moderate ‘element which is willing to talk
to us, as we are willing to talk to them.

- We are waiting to see where the UDF is going
ag an organisation. Is it willing to talk; is it just
a front organisation for the ANC; are those

, who do have links with the ANC going to
control the UDF?

. Turning to your links with Inkatha. Do

you see any danger in aligning yourself
with one black group, and one that is
quite clearly an ethnically-based and
controversial group?

We are not married to any one of the
different ethnic groups. Our links with Inkatha
are historical, in that when we started talks with
them, through various other organisations and

i individually, they were the only large black
youth organisation willing to talk to whites.

'” At that stage, the UDF hadn’t been founded,
and Inkatha was, without doubt, the most
important black youth organisation in South
Africa.

Ayew Inkatha?

47

They are at present the largest black youth
organisation, they are moderate in the sense
that they are in favour of peaceful change, they
support the free market system (although they
believe in a redistribution of wealth) and they
believe in democracy, which is very important
tous.

But if the possibility ever arises of having the
same kinds of joint projects with any other
black or coloured organisations, we will follow

sit up.

Wow far can your alliance go with

The two organisations must prove some ,

_things to each other. ‘The Youth Brigade must
prove that they are sincere about peaceful
change, the free market system, and
democracy. A lot of white people — taking into
account what,happened in Africa — are very
sceptical about black people saying these things,
but I personally believe they are sincere.

‘From our side we should prove that we want
to abolish apartheid, and that we are honest and
sincere about that. But that’s only a short-term
aim.

In the long term, the struggle in South Africa
is capitalism, free market economy versus
socialism ‘in moderate or extreme forms. We
are looking for people to form an alliance in
this long-term struggle.

Do you belieye you will achieve mass
support?

‘There is a lot of support, not only on the
campuses but also from working youth, from
people at technikons, teacher training colleges
and schools. We really aim to make this the
Jargest white youth organisation in South
‘Africa. ° ms oe

And by white I mean ... in principle there is
no limitation or restriction whatsoever on
people becoming members of Jeugkrag, but it

“Ys important before you move closer to other
organisations that you first consolidate in your
own community.

We believe, for example, that black people
should be in parliament, should have equal
status in South Africa, and that we should have
a bill of rights, human rights — that is our
direction.

‘And I believe that the vast majority of white
_people-and Afrikaner people are in favour of
these things. White'people in South Africa, and
Afrikaners especially, aren’t really afraid of
blacks in parliament, black people having the
vote. They are afraid of the results of that.

_ Are you going to avoid specific issues
like the use of the SADF in the
townships, or confront them?
~ Gt is very important that we take stances on
these specific issues. Other issues that should
definitely be addressed are those like the Group



ARCHITECTURE DEGREES NOT RECOGNIZED BY BRITISH ROYAL INSTITUTE

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 10 May 86 p 1

{Text }

19274
CSO:

DURBAN. — The Royal Institute of
British Architects has withdrawn its
recognition of the architecture de-
grees of three universities in South
Africa on the basis that insufficient
progress was being made in the ad-
mission of black students.

‘The institute has severed its edu-
cational links with the universities
of Natal, Cape Town and the. Witwa-
tersrand.

In a letter to the vice-chancellor
and principal of the University of
Natal, Professor P de V Booysen,
the institutes’s secretary said they
would be prepared to receive appli-
cations for re-recognition when sub-
stantial improvements could be
shown. ‘

The institute has also refused an
appeal by the University of the Or-
ange Free State against an earlier;
“de-recognition” of its architecture”
degree.

Mr G Gallagher, a former presi-
dent of the Institute of South African
Architects, said: “These three uni-
versities are‘in the forefront in
fighting apartheid; they are the very
places that should be getting the in-
stitute’s support. The universities
have never changed their views on
apartheld. These views have been
strengthened, even during the unrest
in the country — they should be sup-

3400/1787

76

ported,” Mr Gallagher said.

The decision would affect those
who enrolled from 1987 as they
would not be able to write the insti-
tute’s examinations here but would
have to do so in England after work-
ing there for two years.

Professor Don Dyke-Wells, head
of the School of Architecture at the
University of Natal, said in'a memo-
randum that the school concerned it-
self earnestly with problems of
black development in’ South “Africa,
wherever such developments could
be seen as having architectural im-
plications.

He said the school not only offered
undergraduate courses such as
Housing in Development, and Eco-
logical Resource Management, both
aimed at South Africa’s Third World
development problems, together
with a substantial proportion of de-
sign projects with Third World con-
notations, but also supported re-
search by individual members of
staff in problems of black housing.

_The number of black (African, In-
dian and coloured) students regis-
tered at the School of Architecture
at Natal has remained constant at
14 in a total enrolment in the years
1983, 1984 and 1985 of 138, 163 and
185 respectively. a

JPRS«SSA*86-060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA:



JPRS«SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

MILITARY REVOLUTIONARY TRIBUNAL ISSUES SENTENCES
MB191332 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1700 GMT 17 May 86

[Communique issued by the Military Revolutionary Tribunal in Maputo on
17 May 1986]

[Excerpts] The Military Revolutionary Tribunal [TMR] met in Maputo from
9 to 14 May to try defendants accused on crimes against the security of
the people and the people's state. The following defendants were tried:

1. (Salvador Amos Ngovene) and Elias Mahlalea. At about 2100 on 10
January 1986, the defendants committed the crime of terrorism in neighboring
Swaziland by murdering in cold blood a couple of peaceful nationals of

that country, followed by a holdup. Victims (Msendela Assitilane and his
wife Konchia Telane) lived in the Matsanjeni area of Lubombo. As a

soldier, (Salvador) decided to wear his military uniform and carry his

AKM weapon. Accompanied by Elias, he decided to illegally cross the

border in order to achieve the goals that both eagerly planned. With the
AKM weapon, they fired about 17 rounds at the victims who died immediately.
Once the homicide was perpetrated, the defendants stole a number of goods
belonging to the couple, namely rice, sugar, peanuts, soap, and a radio
cassette recorder. Afterward and under the cover of darkness, they
returned to the territory of the People's Republic of Mozambique. They
were captured the day after they committed the crime, in possession of the
stolen goods. They were subsequently identified by witnesses who recognized
them, and confessed their own crimes.

Once these facts were proved right and in view of their seriousness, the
tribunal decided to sentence both defendants to death.

2. Antonio Abilio Chirindza. He is a worker in South African mines.
Having agreed to be recruited by elements linked to the conspiracy against
the People's Republic of Mozambique, he left the mines and became actively
involved with the bandits. He underwent military and reconaissance training
in South African territory. He was brought to Mozambican territory by

the bandit leader in 1978, and reconnoitered a number of economic targets
as well as reeducation centers and the Dundo Political and Military Training
Center which was subsequently attacked and strafed by the enemy aircraft.



JPRS~SSA~86~060

11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

\

NEW POWER IN TOWNSHIPS, PEOPLE'S COURTS, COMMITTEES DESCRIBED

Mamelodi Township

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 9-15 May 86 p 9

{Article by Peter Honey]

[Text]

WE meet in a “safe” house in
Mamelodi, one of several where
activists can talk privately or, if things
are “hot”, spend the night dodging the
police; perhaps even the ubiquitous
Molotov cocktails and hand grenades.

The young people gather quietly.
Across the street a saxophone haunts
the night.

There are five of them, all
committee members of Mayo, the
Mamelodi Youth Organisation, which
its supporters say is the embodiment
of “people’s power”.

For two hours they talk of their
work; of people’s courts, street and
section committees, education and re-
education programmes,

Later, in a different house, activists
from the Mamelodi Civic Association
(MCA) — the older generation —
complete the picture,

They sketch a vision of what
amounts to a new reality, of which
most whites in nearby Pretoria know
little.

“We are not speaking of revolution.
We call it democratic change,” says
Mike Seloane, 26, Mayo’s general
secretary.

“Revolution implies armed struggle. —
That would be suicide for us at this ,

stage — the police and army are too
strong.

“But the time will come when the
balance of power is on our side, and
then the people will say ‘enough is
enough’.””

Mayo is a child of the students’
revolt, as are most township youth
groups. It was launched in August,

1983 after the national’ student

association, Cosas, realised that young :
“talent” was being lost as schoolgoing *

activists graduated “out of the
classrooms.

The banning of Cosas last year
thrust the youth organisations into a
more pivotal role. Being more diffuse
and community-oriented than a
national body, they are also more
difficult to suppress.

Mayo and related political
organisations succeeded to a large
degree in challenging and discrediting
the government-backed town
councils. Councillors were forced to
resign. Militant activity and violence
against individuals working within the
“system” became legion.

Last June Mayo moved to fill the
leadership vacuum it had created. ‘It
launched “operation clean-up”, a
campaign to root out crime as well as
hooliganism being committed in the
name of “the struggle”.

Activists say it also exposed “agents
provocateur”, who were being used to
spread dissension within anti-
government groups.

Mayo organised the community’s
own garbage collection and
encouraged community service, such
as the building of the small grassy
parks and rockeries which feature in
virtually every open space in the
township. os

You could call it recreation in the
name of the struggle. Here is
“Mandela Park”, “Tambo Place”,
“Unity is Strength” and “Comrades
Centre”, even the more facile
“Lovers’ Lane”.

They are decorated with old tyres,
rocks and wood — even old motor car

51

parts, brightly painted. A feature of
Mamelodi is the “cannon”, an old
vehicle axle with prop shaft pointing
to the horizon as if ready to fire.

One of these faces the police station;
if there is innocence, it is deadly
serious.

Many of these young people have
been detained after voicing their
views. The ‘police know all ‘about
‘them, but that knowledge does not
mean they can stop them.

_ “We have actually rendered the
police ineffective,” says one member.

Most residents, he explains, are
discouraged, even prevented from
“reporting township crime to the
police. The activists have created
isciplinary committees” and
“people’s courts” to handle such
matters.

Their functions include controlling
crime, politicising residents against
the local authorities and educating
them about the broader political
struggle.

The courts, or “forums” as
they are called, can be held at
any time, whenever there is a plaintiff
and an accused.

“The main aim is rehabilitation, to
re-educate the wrongdoen\and make
him a better person,” he says:

Petty thieves could expect to be
sentenced to community tasks, such as
painting and watering the parks.

But corporal punishment is meted
out. A rapist, for example can expect
25 or 30 lashes with a sjambok.

“The punishment is carried out on
the spot,” says a young woman
member who does not want to be
identified. :

“You have to see this from our point
of view. The community must be the
judge and must see that justice is done.



Amnesty for Arms, Ammunition Extended
(THE CITIZEN, 17 May 86). ...c.ccccnceccvevcccccecnnccccescece

Briefs aot
Malan on Service for Indians

BLACKS

New Power in Townships, People's Courts, Committees Described
(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 9-15 May 86)....ecssccccccccecccccecnsccees

Mamelodi Township, by Peter Honey
Filling Void Left by Councils’ Collapse, by Sefako Nyaka

People's Justice Seen as Important Part of People's Power
(GRASSROOTS, May 86)..ccceseceveccecsccccceecusesssseeseeeess

Reporter Witnesses Proceedings of ‘Peoples Court' in Alexandra
(BUSINESS DAY, 12 May 86)...

BUSINESS DAY Comment
Alexandra; Town Under Siege, by Sipho Ngcobo
Justice Inside Comrades ‘People's Court'

Regional Services Councils Seen ‘as Failure
(GRASSROOTS, May 86)...

Self-Governing States Officials Discuss Development Bank
(SAPA, 22 May 86)...

Ciskei Delegation Meets on Impact of ‘Economic Climate'
(SAPA, 19 May 86) ...eececcscwecccsccccccccsssecccncuesseesnee

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Urgent Government-ANC Talks Stressed
(R.W. Bethlehem; BUSINESS DAY, 6 May 1.) eee

Muslim Leader Urges Unity in Ramadan Message
(THE DAILY NEWS, 9 May 86)..ssseeceeeceeeeeees

Colored, Indian Ministers Want Cabinet Portfolios
(David Breier; THE SUNDAY STAR, 4 May 86)........

Muslim Missionary Urges Cooperation With Zulus in Rural Areas
(THE DAILY NEWS, 9 May 86)... eee e eee eweeees

Black Sash Office Offers Advice on Pass Reform Laws
(Barbara Ludman; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 16-22 May BG) cccccecceeccee

49

50

51

51

55

57

57

57
58

62

64

65

66

69

70

71

72



/9317
CSO: 3400/1733

limited in its scale still to justify
the hope that statesmanship and
compromise have a role to play.

A tragedy of SA is the confusion
apartheid generates in the consid-
eration of moral and pragmatic
issues. So abhorrent, is it that for
many — both within the country
and abroad — there can be no for-
mal dealing with white SA as long
as it remains policy.

T.. is understandable, but it is
also lamentable. Real solutions to
complex political problems are
rarely found by addressing moral
issues exclusively.

68

It can ‘never make straightfor-
ward sense appealing to a man’s
conscience when his self-interest
appears, at least to him, to lie
firmly in an opposite direction.
Far better to show him that moral-
ity and self-interest coincide.

SA has got to the point in its
history when both morality and
self-interest — in the broader,
long-term meaning of the term —
do coincide both for government
and the ANC, and time cannot be
Jost in the exercise by them of a
mutual, patriotic and historic re-
sponsibility.

ODr Bethlehem is the group
economics consultant of a le
ing mining finance house. The
views expressed here, however,
are his own; not those of his
company.



COMMUNIQUE WITH RWANDA STRENGTHENS COOPERATION

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 3 May 86 p 1

[Text ]

TANZANIA and Rwanda have
expressed satisfaction over their
co-operation. in the ‘transport
and communications sectors.

A communique issued in Dar
és Salaam yesterday at the end of
a three-day visit of the Rwan-
dese Minister for Foreign Affairs
and Co-operation, Ndugu Fran-
cois Ngarukiyintwali, urged both
sides to strengthen the existing

: co-operation and explore more

19274
cso: 3400/1791

‘of efforts by developi

avenues for joint action.

The communique, signed by
Ndugu Negarukiyintwali, and the.
Minister for Foreign: Affairs,
Ndugu Benjamin Mkapa, reaf-
firmed “strong, desire” by the
two countries’to enhance reg-
ional organisations such as the
Kagera Basin Organisation, the
Preferential Trade Area and the
Economic ‘Community of the
Great Lakes. ‘

Stronger regional institutions
would improve the  socio-
economic status oftheir mem-
bers while serving as “models of
South-South Co-operation,” the
communique said.

It welcomed the forthcoming
‘United Nations special session
on Africa with the hope that it
would persuade the interna4
tional community to give matc-
rial support for the Continent’s
economic recovery.

The two ministers
emphasised the importance of
peace and security.to the success
ing coun-

tries to preserve political inde-
pendence an promote
economic independence.

The. communique called for
the unconditional release of Nel-
son Mandela and other political
prisoners in South African jails
and reiterated .the ministers’
“solidarity and commitment to
we’ wiat eradication of (the
South African apartheid) sys-
tem.”

‘They called for increased

23

JPRS«SSA*86~060

11 June 1986

international support . for ‘the
nationalist freedom movements
struggling to liberate Nami
and South Africa.

The communique rejected
delaying tactics being employed
by the United States through the

TANZANIA

apartheid regime to retard the ©

process of Namibia's indepen-
dence under the United Nations
plan. .

‘While in the country, Ndugu

< Ngarukiyintwali, who left for

home yesterday, had audiences
with, President_Mwinyi, Prime
Minister and First Vicc-Presi-
dent Joseph Warioba, Zanzibar
President Idris Abdul Wakil and
the Deputy Prime’ Minister and
Minister, for: Defence _ and
National Service, Ndugu Salim
Ahmed Salim.



JPRS*SSA+86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

URGENT GOVERNMENT-ANC TALKS STRESSED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English

[Commentary by Dr R.W. Bethlehem]

[Text]

talk, and not only to talk

but reach an early under-
standing about the unbanning of
the organisation and its return to
the arena of lawful competitive
politics.

‘Common sense demands it, eco-
nomic considerations demand it
and, indeed, even the requirements
of national security demand it.

This statement may appear al-
most a contradiction In terms, be-
cause, from government's point of
view, the ANC has been the main
threat to national security until
now, but such is the greater threat
of uncontrolled black violence that
looms in the background of present
government-ANC differences that
such a view can no longer be sus-
tained.

‘There will be a temptation for
the ANC to feel that time is on its
side and that it need not make the
effort at reaching an accommoda-
tion with government.

Black majority rule — given the
prospective increase in population
— it must surely see as inevitable,
and it will, therefore, be tempted
to conclude that it is just a matter
of. time before its, ambitions are

HE time has come for. Br
T ernment and the ANC to

alised.

This could be a dangerous illu-
sion, for, quite apart from the fact
that other groups exist in SA which
have it in their power to use vio-
lence also, the exponential radi-
calisation of black township youth

mises ultimately to erode the
ANC’s own authority.

66

6 May 86 p 6

Thee, the ANC doubtless still
commands sufficient authority
through hundreds of black commu-
nities to impose an agreement it
was able to reach with government
and other parties, such as Inkatha,
but the likelihood must be that in
five years’ time, perhaps even
sooner, that will no longer be possi-

ble.

Today, it is still within the power
of government and the ANC, acting
jointly, to determine outcomes. In
five years, such an opportunity is
likely to be lost altogether.

But time is not only running out
in this sense. It is running out also
for the economy and its ability to
match demographic change.

During the first half of the
Eighties, economic growth in SA
(measured by increases in real
GDP) averaged only 1% per an-
num. This compared with an aver-
age growth in population of about
25% per annum and a rate of
growth of the black population of
more than 3% per annum.

No one should be under any illu-
sion as to what the compound ef-
fect a continuation of such dispari-
ties would involve for the country
over an extended period.

The. increase that has occurred
in poverty over the past five years
would be extended. Living stan-
dards in all communities would
drop further. Unemployment,
which is already at a dangerously
high level, would continue to rise



In Alex hardly anybody goes to
the police these days. They report
their cases to the “comrades.”

Next to “the magistrate” is an
angry-looking old man, about 64, a
typical manual worker, in a ‘blue
overall. He is staring intently at
another young man in front of him
as if to pounce and strangle him.

The old man is a complainant
and the young man is the accused,
facing five counts of housebreak-
ing and theft,

‘he young man turns and looks
down at the pine table. He is shab-
by and shaking like a leaf. He has
ona light V-neck jersey, no vest, lo
shirt underneath. His hair is un-
combed and his bloodshot eyes are

restless. :

Looking at him, I suddenly won-
dered whether his shaking had to
do with the fear of being about to
be tried by the “comrades” who, in
township circles, are associated
with “the necklace” (a burning tyre
around the neck) by anyone who
offends “the oppressed, the

nation”.

Next to the shaking man are two
others, sitting quietly with their
hands folded. They are both wit-
nesses called by the the angry old
man.

There was I, in one corner of the
“people’s courtroom,” pen and my
shorthand notebook ready. To find
the “people's court” I had been
passed along a shadowy chain of
unknown people. Some talked to
me in the dark; some I could barely

see.

At one stage I thought I would
never get anywhere near the “peo-
ple’s court”.

At last I found myself before a
young man. “Comrade!” He was
smiling. “The masses think re are
an agent of the system. That is why
they won't give you any informa-
tion. That is the reality of our situ-
ation,” he said, flashing another
smile.

After a long and friendly discus-
sion he gave me permission to visit
a “people's court”.

So here I was, in the corner of
the tiny courtroom with nine other
men and the frightening, uneasy
tension still gripping it.

Although a certain degree. of
flexibility marks the proceedings,
the atmosphere in this “court” is
astonishingly formal.

‘The old man’s angry stare at the
scruffy looking accused and the
deafening silence is interrupted by
the stern voice of the “magistrate,”
speaking in English:

“Comrades. Before the court
starts, I would like to remind the
accused, the two witnesses and the
complainant that the people’s
court functions in such a way that
every one of us here has got aright
to talk and defend himself as much
as he can.

“You all know of the misconcep-
tions and ridiculous talk about us,
the comrades. We are said, in mis-
informed quarters, to be the most
ruthless, bloodthirsty, uncompro-
mising and always ready to kill or
even burn alive without flicking an
eye.’
Silence grew heavier.

The “magistrate” cleared his
throat and looked at the accused,
whose eyes were wide open by

now.
He continued: “I can assure you
that all these beliefs are not true.

: They are all flimsy, malicious ru-

miours spread by the system to dis-
credit us and tarnish the integrity
Of those committed to fighting the
oppressive policies of the country’s
ruling government.

“We are committed to positive
and constructive change and not
destruction. We want to rebuild Al-
exandra and engender a spirit of
trust among its residents. We want
to live as a United and civilised
people, free of crime.

“We must solve our problems
amongst ourselves and not go to.
the Boers, who have no love for us,
who begrudge us, who molest and
kill us for reasons even unknown to
them and the world over. So, be
free comrade. But please tell the
truth, because through it we can
hope to build Alexandra and the
whole nation of South Africa. Now,
we shall start,” he said.
MAGISTRATE: “The accused is
facing five charges of housebreak-
ing and theft committed on differ-
ent occasions at the house belong-
ing to ‘ntate’ (Southern Sotho for
daddy). A total of five shirts and
hardware tools were stolen during
this period.

“We also note that the accused
used to stay in the same yard as

59

‘ntate’ before he (the accused) was
expelled by his own nephews. Do
, you plead guilty or not?”
ACCUSED: “I admit that I broke
. into the old man’s house, but only
thrice and my intention was not to
| steal. I broke in because I had no
| place to sleep after I had been
\ dismissed by my two nephews and

_ “He is lying! He is lying!” inter-
jects the old man.
The magistrate intervenes and
politely admonishes the complain-
ant to give the accused a chance to
talk.
ACCUSED: “I had nowhere to
sleep and a stoep of one of the
houses in the yard served as my
refuge every night. But as there
were too many soldiers patrolling
the streets I became scared and
decided to break in.”
MAGISTRATE: “Now, can we
hear from you ‘ntate.’ Tell us what
happened as much as you can.”
COMPLAINANT: “This boy was
lying when he said he broke into
my house only on three times. He
first broke into my house on De-
. cember 7 and then every end of the
month from January till April.
Five of my most beautiful shirts,
my witchdoctors’ bones and tools
were stolen and I want them back!
Do you hear me?
“{ have a family in Pietersburg
and I go there every end of the
month and this boy knows it. He
waits for the end of the month
when I am away and then breaks in
and steals.
“Jt seems the boy has got some-
thing against me. I cannot under-
stand why he must keep stealing
for me when there are so many
other houses and so many people in
Alexandra. Why me?”
\ ‘The magistrate turns to the four
\ prosecutors:

‘Comrades ... if you wish to ask
questions or make any comments

PROSECUTOR (number one)
turns to the accused: “Do you ad-
mit that you broke into intate’s’

~ house five times and stole the tools,

the bones and five shirts?
ACCUSED: “No, I only broke in-
and stole three times.”
PROSECUTOR: “What did you
steal?”



JPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

NIGERIA

STATE WORKERS REJECT MOVES TO CUT SALARIES

Benue Civil Servants Strike
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 18 Apr 86 pl, 3
[Article by Daniel Tifato]

[Text] CIVIL servants in Benue State went on an indefinite strike action
yesterday following government decision to stop paying them their
housing, transport and overtime allowances.

When the New Nigerian went round state ministries, barastatalg and departments,
most of the offices were shut. A few workers, especially secretaries and assistants to
commissioners, permanent secretaries and department heads, were seen in their of-

ices. :
_ At Government House, the situation was calm. Although a few civil servants there join-
ed their colleagues in the strike action, others travelled out with the governor on a tour of

Okpokwu Local Government.

The strike action has paralysed most government ac-
tivities in the state. The state-owned radio station and water
corporation have suspended their services.

On Wednesday, the Commissioner for Internal Affairs, In-
formation and Social Development, Mr. David Attah, had
urged civil se'vants not to go on the strike because ‘‘the state
executive council of the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) has
turned deaf ears to wise counsel and was bent on frustrating
the development programmes of the state government.’’

He hinted that there was evidence to show that some people
were conniving with the NLC leadership in the state to
destablize the government, and warned that anyone who
failed to report for work should consider himself

automatically retrenched.

He repeated government
commitment to suspend the
allowances as a better option

to retrenchment.

Mr. Attah added that ‘‘ac-
tivities of certain persons who
specialized in sponsoring
anonymous petitions, leakage
d official secrets and incite-
ment of workers and profes-
sional groups, were well-
known to government.

They are warned in their in-
tgrest to desist from these
despicable activities or they
should have themselves to

State chairman of NLC, Mr.
Joseph Orkar, said the asser-
tion by government that the
congress leadership was try-
ing to sabotage it was false.

He said all along the NLC
had tried to negotiate with

jovernment ‘without any
favourable res nse.

Mr. Orkar said the NLC was

ready to sit and discuss all the’

issues involved with govern-
ment before calling off the
strike, adding that workers
would also want to know
‘specifically how long the
suspension of allowances
-would last.

16



PARTY SECRETARY ON RSA SUPPLIED GOODS

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 21 Apr 86 p 1

[Excerpt]

(9317

ZAMBIAN businessmen have been directed
to stop trading with South Africa.

Party Secretary-General Grey Zulu said
Zambian businessmen must look for alter-
native sources of supply for goods so as not
to be caught napping when the revolution

breaks out in South Africa.

Mr Zulu was addressing
the Sixth Copperbelt Provi-
neial Party conference at
Kitwe Teacher Training Co-
Ilege yesterday.

He said the Party was not
closing Zambia’s borders
with her southern neigh-
bours nor was it dictating
trade terms to citizens.

‘The Party was merely
advising businessmen,
most of whom were wholly
dependent upon South
Africa for materials to look
for alternative sources of
imports.

CSO: 3400/1772

Referring td the days
of the Rhodesian struggle
for independence when
whites closed their border
to Zambian goods, Mr Zulu
said Zambia had foresight
because it had built the
Zambia-Tanzania Railway

e.

He said because Zambia
had foreseen the situation
and adequately prepared
itself, imports and exports
did not suffer.

The current situation in
South Africa was heading
in the same direction and,
therefore, Zambians should
prepare themselves ade-
quately. :

33

JPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

ZAMBIA



Filling Void Left by Councils' Collapse

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 9-15 May 86 p 9

[Article by Sefako Nyaka]

{Text]

THE formation of street committees
in several townships throughout the
country is seen as the first step
towards replacing official
administrative structures.

Apart from having left a void in the
running of the townships, the collapse
of the much-hated community
councils and local authorities has
paved the way for a new trend
whereby people govern themselves.

“More and more people are shying
away from reporting their cases at
local police stations or at the homes of
councillors. This has resulted in
residents setting up their own courts,”
says Mike Seloane, general secretary
of the Mamelodi Youth Congress
(Mayo).

Although there was no official State
of Emergency in Pretoria, residents
still found it impossible to hold
meetings, making communication
impossible.

“There was an undeclared State of
Emergency in Mamelodi with
authorities banning mectings or
Security Forces distupting
gatherings.”

It was at this time that some unruly
element “hijacked the struggle for
their own ends”, demanding money:
from businessmen in the name of
Cosas (the banned Congress of South
African Students).

“We decided to launch an operation
clean-up in June last year to weed out
criminals and hooligans using the
political struggle for their own ends.”

After the November 21 shootings
outside the Mamelodi administration
offices, residents went on a
widespread rent boycott. This
prompted the authorities to suspend
all garbage collection in the township.

_“It was then that we included
garbage collection in the clean-up
operation and soon we engaged in a
house-to-house campaign to get
people to isolate the police and the
administration. We tried to persuade
people not to pay rent or lay any
charge at the police station.”

This resulted in the formation of
“people’s courts to deal with petty
crime, But then this also led to other
elements using. the courts to settle
personal feuds.

“People would come to us claiming
that their neighbours or whoever had
insulted them or assaulted their child.
In some cases the disciplinary courts
would try the person in absentia
without caring to listen to the other
side.of the story.

“Some people took advantage of this
type of undemocratic procedure and
would fabricate charges against
People they had a dislike for,” Seloane
said,

In some cases a person would go toa
committee in a different street to
report an incident that allegedly
happened in the street in which he
lived.

The offending party would then be
fetched and punished. This led to
people reporting incidents that had
occurred several months, or even
years ago.

“It was then that we hit on the idea
of setting up street committees to deal
with problems affecting a particular
street.”

Street. committees, which meet

about once a week, deal with domestic
problems such as a husband deserting
his family and moving in with a
girlfriend.

Usually the man is fetched and
brought to the court to say what led to
his walkout. Several marriages have
been saved in this way.

At times a-young man spends all his
money at the shebeen without
supporting his parents: He appears
before court and after being shown
the folly of his ways, he is usually
given five lashes with a cane.

Despite police claims that some
people have been sentenced to death
by “necklace” or given more than 40
lashes, no evidence of this could be
obtained.

There are also instances of the
courts having punished rebellious
children, students who play truant and

generally behave anti-socially.

Street committees also made it easy
to communicate decisions across a
broad spectrum of the community. +

53

JPRS*SSA+86«060
11 June 1986



FOREIGN FIRMS CONTRACT WITH COAL CORPORATION

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 18 Apr 86 pl

[artic

[Text]

/12828
cso:

le by Cyprian Madu]

THE Nigerian Coal
Corporation, Enugu has
entered into contract
agreement with two
foreign investors for the
mining and marketing of
its coal.

The latest develop-
ment was sequel to the
failure of full mechani-
sation of the industry to
which it had spent over
N18 million but recorded
no success.

Under the agreement,
the Italco and Avil
Services — an Italian
consortium based in Jos
was to mine and sell 2.5
million tonnes of coal
for the first 12 months
from Benue coal fields

_while an American
company — the KC
International
incorporated was
expected to mine and sell
.5 million tonnes of coal
annually for export,

An authoritative
source told the Daily
Star that this latest catch
was the result of its
current drive to boost the
corporation’s export

3400/1768

earnings with a view to
meeting up its overhead

.cost and other

incidentals.

In the case of the Italian
consortium, it was gathered
that the company would utilise
about 50 per cent of the
corporation’s workforce at
Onwukpa coal field in Benue
State.

It is also said to have
promised to absorb the rest of
the workers as soon as .the
sophisticated equipment meant
for mass production arrives
from Italy.

‘The KC International, on the
other hand, was said to have
agreed to absorb part’ of the
workforce of the corporation
pending the time its out-put
would increase.

But in all, the involvement of
expatriate mining firms in the
Benue coal field of ‘the

corporation did a
the workers of the
in that zone would
automatically lose their jobs.

For informed sources in the
corporation told our reporter
that workers not absorbed by
the foreign firms would
continuc to be on its payroll.

It was also learnt that the
two firms have agreed to
supply coal products to the
corporation whenever it
demands it, and that the
corporation would be paid in
dollars in respect of its
products sold abroad while the
‘ones produced and sold locally
would be paid in naira.

19

JPRS*SSA~86*060
11 June 1986

NIGERIA


JPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MOTOR INDUSTRY PLEADS FOR RELIEF ON TAX

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 6 May 86 p 3

[Text]

/9317

THE motor industry is described
as heading for disaster unless
government comes to its rescue
with significant concessions on
perks tax and GST. .

“If government is serious about
stimulating the motor industry, it
should immediately ease up on the
perks tax and at least halve GST on
new and used vehicle sales for the
next two years,” Theo Swart, MD of
McCarthy Group's motor trading,
said yesterday.

“It should also heed the call of man-
ufacturers for the scrapping of the
10% surcharge on all imported items
affecting the motor industry.

“The situation is so desperate that
we simply do not have time to wait
for the Margo Report. The motor
market is in such a sad state that
widespread unemployment is threat-
ened at the retail end of the business.
‘There is already 36% unemployment
at the manufacturing end.”

csO: 3400/1732

86

Swart said motor traders had
maintained infrastructures pendin
an improvement in the marl et, bul
could not hold on indefinitely.

“This means that the jobs of people
of all races at all levels are at risk.”
While conceding the need for perks
tax, he said it was firmly to blame for
the plight of the motor industry.
“The vehicle is taxed on its import-
ed content and it is subject to sur-
charges and excise and ad valorem
taxes. In addition, there is continuous
revenue to the government from i-
cence fees and perks tax throughout
the life of a vehicle, and it generates
GST every time it changes hands.
“dd to this the tax on parts and on
the fuel and oil it consumes, and it
becomes clear that the motor vehicle
represents a veritable cash cow for
government,” Swart said.



JPRS*SSA*86*060
11 June 1986

ZIMBABWE

MUGABE URGES ADB TO HELP COUNTRIES ADJUST
Harare THE HERALD in English 6 May 86 pp 1, 5

[Text]

THE African “Development Bank .must
look at ways of assisting African member
countries in policy reforms and adjust-
ment strategies, the Prime Minister, Cde
Mugabe, said yesterday,

Opening the joint an-
nual meetings of the
African Development
Bank and the African
Development Fund in Ha-
rare, Cde Mugabe urged
the banking group not to
confine itself to its tradi-
tional! role of project
financing but also to
“look at ways cf assist-
ing in policy reforms and
adjustment strategies",

le said: “Although
have in the pest empha-
sised the need for econo-
mic recovery and pro-
gress, there has been 6
tendency not to give the
question of the interaction
between environment and
development the attention
that it deserves, especial-
ly as regards our natural
resources.

“Because of the rate ‘ot
depletion of our resour-
ees, Africa ia in grave
danger. Within a matter
of decades, the very
fabric of gociety could be
imperiled.”

No matter how suc-
eessful polictes. imple-
mented in other sectors
were, they would not
succeed in. the Jong run
if the continent's natural
heritage was not protect~
ed. -

“The AINB/ADF have
a major role to play in
this regard and I am
happy to note that the
group has already
embarked on a program-
me of seminars and re-
search on this issue.”

The Prime Minister
warned the gathering,
which included the hers
ing group's president! °
aed "Diaye, ite
board of governors
(which include finance
and economic ministers
from member countries),
bankers and diplomats
that the proposed African
Monetary and should
not hecome a “smaller
version of the ‘Interna-
tional Monetary Fund” by
imposing identical condi-
tlons,

“Nobody will deny the
importance of the fund's
objectives. However, we
must avold the danger
that it transforms itseif
into 9 smaller version of
the IMF.”

40

Because of Sts import
tance, AMF formation
should not be rushed
through. “It will be pre-
ferable to work out all the
fermulae exhaustively and
prudently instead of at-
tempting to rush the
whole process.” :

He said the continent's
leaders had noted at the
2ist session of hends of
state of the OAU held in
‘Addia Ababa last July
the grave economic situa-
tion on the continent and
acknowledged that devel-
opment had to he the
primary responsibilities
of both governments and
African people,

He sald: “The result
was not only the adoption
of the Declaration on the
Economic Situation tn
Africa, but also the map-
plog out of Africa’s Prior-
Sty Programme for Eco-
nomic Recovery 1986 to
1990 within the Lay
Plun of Action and fhe
Final Act of Lagos which
were re-endorsed on that
occasion.”



/9317

exchange rate betiaviour of the last two

years.

High inflation has also afflicted countries
when public finance is mismanaged. The
most common problems usually stem from
an abnormal escalation in the demands on
fovernment spending. Lee adds that “a rise
in state spending becomes potentially even
more inflationary when the size is consis-
tently underestimated, and the appropriate
financing policies are therefore not imple-
mented’.

‘inancing higher-than-expected spendit
can be easier when tax rates within "the
economy are low. The higher the tax burden,
the greater the likelihood that the govern-
ment will resort to the printing presses.

Lee also points to indexation within an
economy as being critical to inflation.

csO: 3400/1732

81

Indexation starts at an informal level with
workers using the consumer price index in
the wage negotiations to try and Protect
their real incomes and standard of living.

Inflation really gets a hold and quick!
climbs to chronic levels when there is politi-
cal backing for indexation. In SA, according
to Lee, informal indexation is widely prac-
ticed as most wage claims are effectively
indexed to the CPI. But, he stresses, there is
no official backing for indexing and the au-
thorities have in fact distan
from such ideas.

“The informal adjustment ap-

rs to be about 12 months, indicating that
indexation is at this stage a factor keeping
inflation at present levels rather than being
a driving force behind a much higher rate,”
says Lee.

themselves



Johannesburg

[Text]

Petrol-bomb attacks and gutting
of residences of local town council-
lors, consumer boycotts of their
businesses and general ostracism
has resulted in the fall of the town
council and the en mass resigna-
tion of the council officials,

Members of the police still re-
main major targets of the political
activists and scores of other hos-
tile residents. Only rubble remains
of what used to be their houses
after furious residents set them
alight. A battleline has been drawn
between the South African Police
and the local residents. Highly po-
liticised youths brandishing AK47
rifles stalk the township on days of
mass prayer meetings and funer-
als of unrest victims.

Police informers — or sell-
outs, as government collaborators
are commonly known — pay heavy
prices of either being stoned to
death or have burning tyres —
“necklaces” — put around their
necks until they are dead.

More happenings, unthinkable in
the history of black resistance to
apartheid in SA, have occured in
Alexandra, Developments since

Justice Inside Comrades

JPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

February 15 — “the six-day war,”
which left more than 20 people
dead — are astonishing. ‘

One of the more astonishing is
the establishment of “people’s
courts” by the “comrades”, The
courts deal with all kinds of cases,
ranging from civil matters to the
most serious of crimes.

Local people tell hair-raising
tales about the “people’s courts”.
“There are tyres hanging on the
Walls of these ‘courts,’ ready to be
used as ‘necklaces’ around the
necks of those’ who have been
found guilty,” claim the people.

I set out to find one of these
courts — and to report its proceed-
ings. It involved days of shadowy
contact with people whose names
and faces I did not and still do not
know. Some met me in the dark;
others kept their faces hidden. «:

At one stage I thought I would
never get anywhere near the “peo-
ple’s court”. But at last — on a cold
May day in Alex — I found myself
sitting quietly in the corner of a
tiny, spotless room about to wit-
ness a case in the “people’s court”,

‘People's Court!

BUSINESS DAY in English 12 May 86 p 6

Saturday afternoon in strife-
torn Alexandra township,

north of Johannesburg. Nine
men, most of them young, in their
20s and 30s, are sitting around the
table, in a tiny but spotlessly
clean room.

The silence is deafening. Un-
easy, frightening tension grips the
venue. This room serves as Alex-
andra’s own “people’s court,”
where cases of all kinds — rape,
theft, housebreaking, family dis-
putes, you name it — are dealt
with by local political activists —
“the comrades”.

Four of the men, sitting on one
side of the room, are wearing their
red, black and white caps bearing
the slogan: “Aluta Continua” (The
struggle continues).

I IS 2.30pm on a cold May

58

They are prosecutors, ready to
cross-examine the accused and do
the normal routine court. tasks,
just like in any other court of law.

On the other side of the room is
another, a more relaxed, calm
man, about 32-years-old. He is not
wearing a cap. His smile shows his
strong set of white teeth. He is the
presiding magistrate of the day.

All five men are members of the
Alexandra Action Committee
(AAC), a group responsible for the
running of the township's affairs
after the en bloc resignation of the
unpopular local town council.

‘he group monitors and co-or-
dinates day-to-day activities of the
ard and street committees it has
formed to create a barrier be-
tween the police and residents.



JPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

LOWER BOND, INTEREST RATES COULD BOOST ECONOMY

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 6 May 86 pp 1, 2

[Article by John Tilston]

[Text]
LOWER bond and reasratt interest
ments announced yesterday coul .
Ent R500m a year from investors’ and __ Savings rates had 09% chopped f fren
lenders’ pockets to more active areas of them, while top pal aps are rates wer@
the economy. out fro da Pad i i ard division
The average hard-pressed bondholder indare cil asters.
announced a cut in interest on debit bal;
wend about R35 a month extra to ances from 2% to 23%, and ‘on credit
Bank customers, both corporate and lances from 9 ene
individual, could save as much as Ri60m However, the sitet on the depre
in annual interest payments, assuming economy will not be as significant as
interest rates do not rise later this year. bar 4 nope. Bank economist Nico Czy-
Interest rates tumbled yesterday as plonka said a bond rate cut of 2% to 2,57
financial institutions reacted to the long- = which would put about R90 in the
awaited reduction in Bank Rate. pocket of the average bondholder —
The United and Allied building soci- would have been needed. to provide a
eties scrapped differential bond rates meaningful boost to the economy.
and established a single rate of 17%, The reductions just announced will cut
etfectively reducing bond rates by be- about R35 to R40 from the average bond
fo 70. 7
‘The single new rate will also apply to rr yest 850 000 bondholders spend all
commercial property transactions and of their repayment savings the injection
flats. For existing bondholders, the new into the economy could ‘be about R35m
rate will apply from July 1, while those each month. On the other side of the coin,
seeking bonds will get the new rates savers will get less, though their propen-
imerter bl thet oon acorn id " aty te spend interest payments 's lower
they would follow Suit probably before Ages: 8 estan sald repayments on
All major commercial banks an- would fall trom Ros anonth (at 1628%)
nounced they would reduce prime over- to R881, a saving of R57. A R40 000 bond-
draft rates by one percentage point to holder would save R23/month. ‘
Mave next fonday. . The big imponderable is how commer-
companied by announcements that depo. cial bank customers fave from
sit rates would also be reduced. Retail , Few customers pay prime for their
fixed deposit rates were cut by ene er- money ga ghere are suspicions that
entage point across the board. The UBS when the highly-visible prime rate
now offers 15% on a five-year fixed depo- comes down, not everybody else’s rates
sit. \ follow.
19317

. CSO: 3400/1732

82



EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE NEEDED FOR ECONOMIC RECOVERY

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 6 May 86 pp 1, 3

[Text }

THE Government estimates it
will require 67.2bn/- (3.7 billion
US dollars) in foreign exchange
to import essential inputs for
economic recovery during the
next three years.

The Minister tor Finance,
Feonomic Affairs and Planning,

. Ndugu Cleopa Msuya, told the
National Consultative Economic ,
and Planning Council in Dar es {
Salaam yesterday that 21.6bn/— *
(1.2. billion U: dollars) was
needed “to “finance 1986/87
imports. .

fhe ..Government . was
negotiating external assistance to '
raise the amount which must be*
injected © to’ stabilize the
economy. Internally, __ the
situation called for increased
exports and curtailment of
foreign _ exchange _ utilization.
Ndugu Msuya explained.

He was presenting the 1985/36
economic survey and an outline
of proposals for the 1986/87
development plan to the
Consultative Council, ~ which
began -a: three-dav _ session
yesterday under Prime Minister §
and First Vice-President Joseph
Warioba.

The Minister said the new
three-year economic recovery -

Plan
implementation ended last June,
but which largely fell short of
target. :
ec AP was supposed to lift the
onomy to the levels prior to
1978/79 ‘and set it on aPerowth
co! But Ndugu  Msuya
explained that’ this target was
defeated by the Plan's over-

19274
cso: 3400/1790

dependence on external
essistance, which was not
forthcoming. .

‘This led to a general dectine in
production in’ many sectors,
causing an acute shortage of
commodities and public services.

Ndugu  Msuya said the
government's immediate objective
in the on-going ‘negotiations with
international financial - institutions +
was to scoop a short-term cret
facility which, given good plans
strict implementation, would bring =
the economy to the feady position
for future growth,

Ics <i, however, that. the
o the sconomic
sed production
ic and export
reduced foreign
ange expenditure through:
utilization of local resources to
titute imports.

‘The Minister told the Council
comprising all Members of

Parliament and répresentatives of
JUWATA, WASHIRIKA. the
Tanzania Association of Parastatal

Organisations (TAPO) and
Chambers ‘of Commerce, that, the,
country’s | balance of ‘payments
position remained poor last year.

He said export carnings declined
to 5.8bn/— (327 million US dollars)
from 6.6bn/-_ (368.9 million "Us
dollars) in 1984 while imports
increased to 17.7bn/- (988 million
dollars) from 17.6bn/~ (980 million
dollars), respectively. -_

Some 2. 16n/- (120 mittion dollars)
worth of goods were imported under
the liberalisation scheme last year.
but these were mainly consumer
items and not inputs for production.

Naugu Msuya attributed the fall in
export earnings to reduced exports
and lower’ world market prices for
cash crops.

Last year’s exports. with the 1984
figures in brackets were coffee —
39,000 tonnes (55,000); sisal —

27

JPRS+SSA~86~060

11 June 1986

TANZANIA

14,000 tonnes (12.000); cashewnuts,

—"" 26,000 tonnes (33,000) and

“diamond - — 56,000 grammes

0,000).

Cotton price fell from 26, 152/~ per.
in: 1984 to: 17,000/- last year

> ton 198
while tea fetched 30,761/— instead of

32,318/- for each tonne.
‘The Minister said efforts must be
made to boost exports to raise the

- country’s ability to pay for imports,

which gauged at a meagre 33.1 per
e

“cent of last year's. imports.

Government was able to meet 62 per
cent of annual imports in 1977.

‘The. result of the government's
waning capacity to meet external
financial obligations has becn a
growing external debt -current!
Testing at the 13bn/- (750 million U!
dollars) mark.

Ndugu Msuya also pointed to a
decline in the growth rate of the
Gross Domestic. Product, (GDP),
which stood at 2.5 per cent in 1984. A
slightly lower percentage _ was
envisaged last year because of
reduced cash erop production,

However, food production
registered a heartening rise over tl
Tet.200 tonnes collected in 1984,
The National Milling Corporation
bought 259,000 tonnes of food by last
February.

‘The Minister said the decline in
GDP last year was caused by
unsatisfactory performance in many
productive sectors. The recorded
growth Was in fact supported by
administrative rather than directly
productive sectors. ‘

He told the Council that the
inflation rate caused by persistent
shortages of commodities and
services, was'held down at 25 per
cent last year, compared to 36.1 per
cent in 1984.

But the Minister stressed that this

<did not mean actual reduction in

prices. “What is reduced here is the
escalation rate; our prices remain
very high as we' all know”, he
explained:

jé said the target was to nurture
the downward trend to balance the
inflation rate with other‘ economic’
parameters and bring relief to the
common man.



JPRS*SSA*86-060
11 June 1986

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

MORE REFUGEES FLEE TO ZAMBIA--Briefing newsmen at the Society's headquarters
in Lusaka, Dr Nalumango feared that many more refugees would pour in from
Angola following the military sypport the rebel UNITA movement would receive
from the United States government. Flanked by Mr Olavi Wetterstrand, field
delegate of the League of Red Cross in Geneva and Mr Larry Bennett, regional
delegate of the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies based in Harare,
Dr Nalumango said there were about 11,600 refugees in Eastern Province and an
average of about 700 to 1,000 of them in Luangwa. Those in Eastern Province
were spread from Katete to’ Petauke. He said that the work of his organization
gould have been lightned had there been established refugee centers in the
areas flooded by the refugees. Since the refugees were scattered, it was dif-
ficult to distribute food, medicines and other essentials. Dr Nalumango noted
that Africare, an American organization, donated K10,000 worth of drugs which
have already been distributed. "Our main problem at present is Malaria and
cases of diarrhoea and malnutrition and the donation by Africare was a timely
one." Dr Nalumango conceded that some of children of the refugees had died

of the diseases wut could not disclose the actual number. [Excerpt] [Lusaka
ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 15 Apr 86 p 1] /9274

DIAMOND PRODUCTION CROPS--Lisbon--Angolan diamond production fell almost 60%
below target in the first quarter. The official news agency Angop said Unita
attacks on mines might have been among the causes. It quoted an administrator
of the mainly State-owned diamond company Diamang as saying January-March
production was 69 141 carats, compared with a target of 170 617. Unita said
it seized a month's. productéon, worth about $6m, in a March attack on the
northern diamond-mining town of Andrada. Angop quoted the administrator as
saying untapped diamond deposits existed in six provinces, but that it would
take extensive prospecting before they could be mined. Production is concen-
trated in the north-east of the country. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY
in English 15 May 86 p 11] /9274

csO: 3400/1780



TOP ZAPU MP QUITS TO OPEN 'NEW “ROAD ‘TO UNITY!

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 May 86 p 1

[Text]

/9317
cso: 3400/1752

= Cde. Mugat

ZAPU MP for Hwangi-
Tsholotsho and central
committee member Cde
David Kwidini. hag re-
signed from that ty:
to join Zanu ere

Announcing his resig-
nation from Zapu to re-
porters in the presence
of the Zanu (PF) sccre-

tary for publicity . and
information, Cdg Nathan
Shamuyarira, and . the
party's secretary for

finance, Cde Enos Nkale,
Cde Kwidini said Zapu
had been slow to respond
to unity Invitations made
by ‘the Prime Minister,

vi on’ August
7 Anst year. «
Cde Kwidini ‘sald
ganu (PF) and Zapu had
agreed that @ one-party
state would come about
in Zimbabwe and that
the two partles had the.
same Ideology.
He sald Zapu leader
Nkomo had
sania that the political
leadership of Cde Mu-
gnbe was undisputed and
Was uncontested by -him
(Nkomo),
Ho said he could. only
‘suspect Indecision *-and

Dr Joshua

42

lack of courage on the
part of the Zapu leoder
to take the necessary
steps to vespond to the
Prime Mintster’s call and
extend the hand of friend-'
ship.

Leaders of Zapu had a
yrave responsibility to the
people of Matabeleland to
mnke thom recognise the
reallty of where political
power lay and to make
them appreciate — that
their thinking had to
adapt to that political

reality.

‘There was nothing to be
gained from. staying in

litical isolation ‘from
The rest of tho country,
said Cde Kwidinl. «

de Shamuyarira’ said:
“We are delighted by ‘his
move which has opened a
new road to national
unity and peace and I
‘thopo many members of
Zapu follow his example
in hundreds.”

Cde Kwidinl is a former
Jecturer at the University
of. Zimbabwe and princl-
pal of Mkoba ‘Toachers
College in Gweru and
vice-prinicipal of the Unit-
ed Collegeof Fiducation
in Bulawayo.

JPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

ZIMBABWE



12 MiG-19 and 30 MiG-21 interceptors in a bid to combat South Africa's air
superiority.

Hind helicopter gunships, destroyed by the South African air force at the key
battle for Mavinga last October, have also been replaced and some reports
claim the Angolans have also been supplied with advanced MiG-23 Flogger

G fighters--one of the latest weapons in the Soviet arsenal.

With just under 20,000 groops and an unknown number of irregular forces,
UNITA alone would be no match for FAPLA without Pretoria's aid.

South African help was essential last year in the battle for Mavinga, 200 km
north of Savimbi's Jamba stronghold.

FAPLA wanted UNITA-occupied Mavinga as a southern base for its battery of
Soviet anti-aircraft missiles to challenge South African air superiority over
the remote south-east province. The road would then have been open to attack
Jamba.

In early October last year the two sides finally squared up just north of ..
Mavinga in a battle in which more than 1,000 men are estimated to have died.

In the end the South African air force turned the tide in favour of the Angolan
rebels. Wave after wave of Mirage jets bombed and st#afed FAPLA supply
columns.

*EAPLA's failure at Mavinga still left Luanda with considerable territorial
gains, which it. hopes to exploit this year. If it succeeds, it will damage
Pretoria's efforts in Namibia and undermine Savimbi's rebellion.

If it fails, and Pretoria repeats its bloody brusing of the Angolan army, it
may force Luanda into some form of unity talks with Savimbi, including pressure
to expel SWAPO from Angola.

19274
cso: 3400/1780



DISABLED RATLROAD MAROONS DONATED SILOS

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 21 Apr 86 p 1

{Text]

/9317
cso: 3400/1771

THE K38 million Chambe-
shi grain storehouses are
idle because Zambia Rail-
ways has condemned the
rail line leading to the
sheds.

The ‘sheds, which can
store 111,000 bags of grain,
were built by the Japanese
and handed. over to the
Zambian Government last

month.

Investigations at the
Chambeshi National Agri-
cultural Marketing Board
(NAMBOARD) depot re-
vealed the anomaly which
has led to grain being
stored inthe open.

Workers at the depot
confirmed that Zambia
Railways officials last week
visited the area and said
locomotives could not reach

36

the sheds because of a fault
with the rail line.

Donating the sheds, Ja-
panese Ambassador to Za-
mbia Masatoshi Ohta said
since .maize had been
stored in open fields during
the rainy season, the loss of
grain caused by rain and
insect infestation had been
enormous.

“With this in mind, Ja-
pan has agreed on a follow-
up project to construct two
‘more grain storehouses in
Chingola,”” he said.

Chambeshi depot has
two storehouses while Ma-
sansa and Mtirizi can each
store 55,000 and 44,000
bags, respectively.

At the moment, the
Chambeshi depot can store
54,000 tonnes of grain.

JPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

ZAMBIA


19317
CSO: 3400/1767

NIGERIA is in an economic emergency
declared by President Ibrahim Babangida and
Nigerians are making all kinds of sacrifice.
Millions of Nigerians, including graduates,
teachers, nurses are unemployed and cannot

afford a meal in a day. Many industries are

still being shut down while some merely

exist. All these because of lack of foreign
exchange.

AND. Nigeria is engrossed in protracted
negotiations with foreign creditors over the
possibility of rescheduling the payment of its:
debts and reopening credit lines, without
mortgaging the country to any foreign power
through the International Monetary Fund.

IT Is in the midst of these that the world,
including our creditors, will watch Nigeria
spend nearly 417 million in foreign exchange
to enable citizens “pray” in the Middle-East.

WE would have thought that the poor state
of the economy and the general suffering of
the populace were @nough worry for the
country now, but this issue of pilgrimage
seems to prove us wrong.

WE advise the administration to hands-off
religious pilgrimages. The pilgrims boards
should be dissolved. Anybody who insists on
pilgrimages should be prepared to provide
the foreign exchange he needs and arrange
his own trip. .

AND the federal government should stop
sponsoring pilgrimages because it is uncon-
stitutional to do so and unfair to give to some
the foreign exchange which belongs to all.

15



The defendant was detained in 1983 when he was carrying out a reconnaissance
mission in Maputo, on the eve of his return to South Africa where he was
to take information.

Once these facts were proved and in view of the seriousness of the con-
sequences of the defendant's repeated actions to the country in terms of
human and material losses, the tribunal decided to sentence him to death.

Alberto Macano, Antonio Manuel Gazite,:and Jossias (Muai) Manhate. They
are all armed bandits. They committed murders and terrorist actions
against defenseless civilians. They ambushed vehicles, killed their
occupants and plundered property of the people.

Once these facts were proved, the three defendants were sentenced to death.

4, Peter Nguila Che, also known as Joseph Ochieng Odawa. He is a 26-year-
old Kenyan national. He was recruited in Nairobi in 1980, beginning a
relevant career as a mercenary-~soldier of fortune, [preceeding words in
English] one who is capable of fighting, selling and dying for no cause
other than money. He received military training in South Africa. He
learned how to [words indistinct].military intelligence, international
politics, topography, communications, and explosives. (He underwent
judo) and karate courses for his self-defense. [words indistinct] worked
directly for the Bureau of State Security and the Criminal Investigation
Department with promises that in future he would receive large sums of
money and a scholarship from a Western power. He studied the political
and economic system of various countries in our region, and prepared
dossiers and intelligence reports on [words indistinct] ideological and
military situations.

In view of his high-level performance, which was clearly recognized by
the bandit leaders, the defendant began to be taken either by helicopter
or submarine to the territory of the People's Republic of Mozambique in
order to carry out reconnaissance missions. Later on, he was assigned
the task of joining the South African ANC refugees in Tanzania from where
he would send information and espionage particulars. He was subsequently
detained in Mozambique while intransit to South Africa.

Once these facts were proved, the tribunal considered the defendant as
being the perpetrator of the crimes of membership of and collaboration
with a clandestine organization, espionage, and mercenarism. He was thus
sentenced to 30 years in jail, at the end of which the defendant will be
expelled from the territory of the People's Republic of Mozambique.

5. (Carlos Alberto Patricio Stank) The accused decided to steal an AKM
weapon from a soldier to avenge the death of his mother in a Tete provincial
hospital due to deficient medical treatment. Armed and disguised, he
assaulted a branch of the Bank of Mozambique in Moatize, where he stole
40,000 meticals. Some weeks later, he staged an armed robbery at the

Bank of Mozambique branch in Tete where he stole 1,100,000 meticals. In

10



Government Determined To Retain Residential Apartheid
(David Breier; THE SUNDAY STAR, 4 May 1.)

Natal Teachers Committed to Reform, Integration
(THE CITIZEN, 17 May 86)......4.

Architecture Degrees Not Recognized by British Royal Institute
(THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 10 May 86)..

Briefs
Stellenbosch University Bans ECC
Residential Areas Surveyed
Group Areas Act Surveyed
White Opinion on Mixed Schools
New Institute Planned
Irish Campuses Sever Links
Indian Housing Crisis
Boesak Appeals to Jews

ECONOMIC

Reporter Warns of Danger of Chronic Inflation
(John Tilston; BUSINESS DAY, 5 May 86)...+ssseeeeesceseeerces

Lower Bond, Interest Rates Could Boost Economy
(John Tilston; BUSINESS DAY, 6 May 86).....sseeesseeeeceevees

Pick 'n Pay Directors Comment on Inflation, Unemployment
(THE CITIZEN, 8 May 86)...cseececccvcccerscsecccccccescceeses

Gencor Reviews 1985 Developments
(Derek Tommey; THE ARGUS, 12 May 86)....ceceesseceeeceecerere

Graph Traces Rand's Performance Since 1984
(THE ARGUS, 29 Apr 86)..seeccceececceccesscceesncscceesereecs

Motor Industry Pleads for Relief on Tax
(BUSINESS DAY, 6 May 86) ...secccceccesecescccccccesrcrseecess

New Tax To Finance RSC's Explained
(Barry Sergeant; BUSINESS DAY, 5 May > Seer

New Idea for Attracting Tourists Proposed
(Zenaide Vendeiro; THE STAR, 8 May 86)...-.+esseeeeeeee

Government Moves on Export Incentives
(Chris Cairncross; BUSINESS DAY, 5 May 86). eeeee

Professor Says Nation's Manufacturing Lags Behind Europe
(Madden Cole; THE CITIZEN, 14 May 86)......--++++-

-e-

80

82

83

84

85

86

87

90

91

93



JPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEI DELEGATION MEETS ON IMPACT OF ‘ECONOMIC CLIMATE’
MB191512 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1448 GMt 19 May 86

[Text] Cape Town, 19 May (SAPA)--South African and Ciskeian delegations
today discussed the "serious impact" of the economic climate on develop-
ments in the homeland.

A joint statement released in Cape Town after the meeting said South Africa
had. emphasized that "very effort" should be made to save money and to
provide socie-economic upliftment.

The economic climate had placed "considerable constraints" on spending by
both governments, the statement said.

The South African delegation was led by the deputy minister of foreign
affairs, Mr Ron Miller, and included the deputy minister of finance,

Mr Kent Durr, the ambassador to Ciskei, Mr A.J. van Deventer, the senior
officials.

At the head of the Ciskeian delegation was the minister of public works,
Chief D.M. Jongilanga. He was accompanied by the minister of finance,
Chief M.E.P. Malefane, the minister of youth affairs, the Reverend V.G.
Ntshinga, other ministers and senior government officials.

/9738
cso: 3400/1797

65



MARKET SURVEY REVEALS SOARING PRICES IN JOS

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 23 Apr 86 p 1

[Article by Obi Udefuna]

[Text]

/9317

PRICES of staple food items
in Jos; Plateau State, have
gone up within the past two

“months, our market survey has

shown.

Commodities whose prices
are soaring include, milk,
sugar, tollet soap, bar soap,
baby food and frozen fish.

Staple food like yam, rice,
garri and meat are also showin,
sharp increases in price.

Traders interviewed at the
new Bukuru and oid Bukuru
markets in Jos metropolis
attributed the’ escalating
increase in prices of essential
commodities to mass export of
these goods to neighbouring
countries, most of which
Nigeria does not benefit from.

Our survey further showed
that biscuits which used to
serve as alternative to bread
which had gone out completely
from the market for about
three months now, are not easy
10 come by as their prices are
astronomically —sky-rocketing
beyond the reach of the average

people.

CSO: 3400/1767

20

Bournvita, ovaltine, bourn
cave and other beverages are
also known to have been in the
convoy of goods recording
unprecedented high increase in
prices.

Meanwhile, many
households have resorted to
pap, fried yam, plantain, and
rice for break fast

DAILY STAR survey also
revealed that most families
whose wards go to nuisery
schools with tea, bread and
biscuits are now compelled to
fill their children’s flaxes with
.soft drinks as substitutes for
tea.

Our survey further showed
that pieces of meat which

IJPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

NIGERIA

sold at Nl, N2, N3, N4, NS

about four months ago are

now sold at N3, N5, N6 and

N8 respectively.

Added to this is the

dramatic disappearance of frozen
fish from the market, and the

sellers of the item have pulled
out of the business in search of

other jobs.



JPRS“SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

HUMAN TRADE IN REFUGEES EXPOSED ON SOUTH AFRICA'S BORDERS
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 4. May 86 pp 1, 2
[Article by Hilton Hamann]

[Text] A sordid human trade in refugees fleeing war-torn Mozambique has
been exposed on South Africa's north-eastern borders.

Offenders--some allegedly government officials--are making fortunes in
running desperate refugees into South Africa across the northern borders.

More than 150 000 illegal Mozambiqan immigrants are believed to be in South
Africa already. Border patrols repatriate 1 500 a week but officials admit
this is only a drop in the refugee ocean.

This week four customs and passport control officials from the Lebombo
border post near Komatipoort appeared in court. The charge--taking bribes
from refugees.

But police sources believe it is only the tip of the iceberg. A prominent
Komatipoort businessman is suspected of masterminding the human smuggling

ring.
Takings

The trdde--reminiscent of the infamous “wetback" smuggling over the US-
Mexican border--is blossoming. It is also, police claim, extremely
difficylt :to stamp out. :

The going rate to bring an illegal across is R1LOO. With thousands of
refugees fleeing poverty and war in their own country, the takings by
unscrupulous people who exploit their misery is enormous.

Despite all attempts by the authorities, the refugees still keep flooding
into South Africa as hunger and the escalating brutality of the Mozambican
civil war takes its toll on the battle-weary peasants.

"It's a tremendous problem," said Lieutenant At Meyer of the South African
Police at Komatipoort.



JPRS*SSA*86*060

11 June 1986

TANZANIA

COMMUNICATIONS, TRANSPORT, AGRICULTURE PRIORITIES IN DEVELOPMENT

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 3 May 86 p 1

[Article by James Mwakisyala]

[Text }

THE communications and trans-
port sector will reccive second
priority after agriculture in the
national development strategy
of the Second Phase Govern-
ment.

The Minister for Communica-.

tions and Works, Ndugu Mus-
tafa Nyang’anyi
Sulaam yesterday a loan of about
5.830m/- (325. million US dol-
S unnamed donor,
will be directed at revamping the
Tanzania Posts and ‘Telecom-
munications Corporation
(TPTC) and the railway system.

Spare parts for telecommun
cations services and vehicles will

aid in Dar es*

be among equipment to be pro- |

vided under the programme.
Ndugu Nyang'anyi said this in
a_question-and-answer_ session
with delegates of the TPTC Mas-
ter Workers’ Council at Kun-
duchi Fisheries College where he
opened a two-day meeting for
about 80 people representing the
TPTC’s — management. and
employees. .
He was re:

ponding to a con-
cern expre by many Council
delegates that the TPTC wi
being ignored by the Govern-
ment in allocation of assistance
to sustain its services which they
described as “very vital to the

19274
cso: 3400/1791

* necessary and st

tion of the fact that most farming ‘

tivities in Tanzania concen-

“trated on the border areas and

that there. was need to have
smooth communications — to
enhance crop production, haul-
age and monitoring of food out-
puts. : .

Ndugu Nyang’anyi_ stressed;
“The communications scctor is
sensitive because
it touches on every one, in rural
and urban areas, but is difficult
to administer”. ; '

However, he expressed pleasure
at the progress in spreading tele-
phone services, saying todate niost
districts were reached ‘by telephone.

He said already the Mwanza
Bukoba-Biharamulo' and Kigoma
link! being carried out by the Phn-
Afr Telecommunications
(Panaftel), was undergoing testing
and some people were receiving the
telephone services, The Dodoma to
Mwanza line is ready, :

‘Telephone links with neighbour-
ing countries were also being estab-
lished rapidly, he added.

_ Ndugu Nyang’anyi, however, cas-
tigated “unnecessary” bureaucricy
off seltish and non-contident leade’
feared to delegate’ respon-
sibilities to junior officers.

He said leaders must learn to dele-
gate power to their juniors because
they (the juniors) were the ones who

25

! Organi

© motivation at work, he said that
+ not true.

" would later take over the reigns of

power. .

~ Commenting on complaints about
the Presidential | Standing
Committee vastatal

on Pi
ations (SCOPO) which sc
defegates blamed for “kil

However, in the Minister's own

_ opinion, SCOPO had a purpose but,

it had to add more responsibil
its tasks.

He said instead of merely refusing
to agree with parastatal proposals, it
shoutd become a management con-
sultancy, suggesting’ alternative
ste

larifying on motivation at work-
ing places, the Minister said motiva-
tion need not necessarily be monet-
ary. Parastatals should instead
explore various other ways such as
organise tours to game parks for best
workers, promotions, training.
junch or provision of gifts.

The Minister called on TPTC
employees to take their jobs seri
ously and check indiscipline, str
sing that “if the drive to work and
discipline is high among workers,
believe that telephones would have
been in order.”

He said workers should desist
from cheating such as was the case
with certain telephone operators
who billed telephone subscribers for
calls they did not make.

T forkers Council will, among,
other things, discuss next ycar's
budget.

ics to



JPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SURVEY SHOWS ELECTRICITY COSTS SOARING

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 6 May 86 p 2

[Text]

ELECTRICITY prices in South five countries — South Africa,

‘Africa showed a massive average West Germany, Sweden, Britain

Increase of 19.7% for the year end- and the US — experienced aver-

ed Mare . age increases,

eu |s according tot he latest In the others, there was an actu-

Dulity Services (NUS), the inter- al reduction.

national energy and fuel consult- wre, Netherlands {00k {he bow

onthe increase is nearly four 2,98¢ to 10,06c.

times higher than the next highest Despite the heavy increases,
ercentage of 5,3% in Sweden, South Africa still maintained the

which led the tables in percentage lowest unweighted average of all

increases the previous year. 4 the i count: es. the f ‘

’s 9% increase an e average of the four major
this year's umn — predicted by cities, Cape Town, Durban, Johan-
NUS — stems directh from Esc- nesburg and Pretoria, at prices

’ lanning. " .
ming Escort have ite ruling on April 1 this year, was
but to pass on their own " .
ftoreased costs consumers should tone NUS surveys based on cus,
surely expect some stabilisation 450 000Kw a month, shows that
of tariff prices in order that they, Pretoria, at 4,67c, is still the low-
in turn, can play thelr part in a est non-hydro supplier in_ the
uta, orelus of NUS South world and is second only to Mank-
said Peter tol iro in Canada at Ie.
Africa. Cape. Town is the highest in
Of the 12 Western countries in- South Africa at 7,73c, with Durban
cluded in the NUS survey, only second at 6,39c. — Sapa.
/9317

CSO: 3400/1732

94


JPRS*SSA*86+060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW TAX TO FINANCE RSC'S EXPLAINED
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 May 86 p 3
[Article by Barry Sergeant]

[Text] In a country experiencing and somehow sustaining its most severe
tax burden ever, the idea of new tax is daunting.

Pretoria is not talking about one new tax. It wants to impose on busimesses
a payroll and a turnover tax to finance its new regional services councils.

Businesses will be the villains for the new tax but, as is the ‘case with

any new tax or an increased tax, the consumer pays. Workers will receive
smaller wages and salaries; shareholders will be paid smaller dividends;

and customers will pay higher prices.

Pretoria is determined to implement the first new levies on September 1.
That may happen in theory, but in practice the chances of businesses
actually having to pay tax are close to zero.

The main reason is that the draft regulations to the RSC Act are yet to
be gazetted and are far from final.

A second possible relief is that when the draft regulations are finalised
and published, there will be ample room for tax planning. Tax consultants
will advise you on any number of methods to avoid the imposts.

The opportunities for tax planning arise from the RSC levies being funda-
mentally flawed in economic theory. They are completely new, not being
adapted from any other tax jurisdiction in the world. To confuse the
issue further, the RSC levies are with the Margo Commission on tax, which
is due to file its final report at the end of June.

The revenues raised from the two new taxes are to be used at regional level
to finance public transport, garbage collection, bulk water supply,
electricity supply, sewerage removal and so on.

With any luck the RSC levies will go out with the first load of sewerage
and be replaced by a tax that is acceptable and proven. And it is worth

87



"Many of the people who live here have family on that side of the border.
It is all too easy for unscrupulous people to make money out of human
suffering."

A greater worry to the authorities is the proliferation of communist
weapons being smuggled into the Republic.

In Mozambique a sack of ground maize buys an AK47 or a Tokarev pistol and
two full magazines of ammunition.

"There are plenty of guns and bullets," a security police spokesman said,
“but no food."

Just before Christmas last year a local. farmer, Mr Lucas Marais, died in
a hail of Kalashnikov bullets when he went out to check his generator.

Criminals
"The criminal element worries us most of all," sait Lt Meyer.

Last year the South African authorities repatriated 17 529 Mozambicans
caught running towards new hope.

"Tt is impossible to know exactly how many illegal immigrants there are,"
said Admiral R.A. Edwards of the Department of Foreign Affairs.

"These people obviously don't come forward to be counted, but we estimate
there are about 150 000 illegal foreign workers in this country."

Food agencies reckon there are at least 35 000 Mozambican refugees in
Gazankulu alone.

Gazankulu and Kangwane are seen as the land of milk and honey as the
fugitives are welcomed and have been encouraged to stay.

As conflict between Frelimo and the Renamo rebels continues, the peasants
are finding more and more pressure being applied.

"There are no clothes. There is no food in the shops and that which we
grow is stolen by Renamo," said Jorge, a refugee from Gaza province.

"T came here because I am a man. I must work, I have to feed my
children." .

Jorge climbed the Lebombo mountains and then scrambled over the thin
border fence. He was caught by the South African Defence Force after
fording the swolen Komati River. :

He was one of the lucky ones.

"Every week the bodies of drowned refugees are reported floating down the
river back to Mozambique," said Lt Meyer.



JPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PROFESSOR SAYS NATION'S MANUFACTURING LAGS BEHIND EUROPE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 May 86 p 20

[Article by Madden Cole]

[Text] AN immature attitude to-

wards éxport and the lack
of a clear industrial strate-
gy has resulted in South
African manufacture fall-
ing far behind its Eastern
and European counter=
parts, says the Dean of
the Wits Engineering Fac-
ulty Professor Roy Mar-
cus.

Much of the blame for
this lies with the Govern-
.ment's lack of foresight in
developing industrial stra-
tegy which would have
encouraged industrialists
to modernise their manu-
facturing facilities, Pro-
fessor Marcus says.

“While the rest of the
world was advancing to-
wards high technology
manufacturing systems,
South Africa because of.
its political situation, has
seen Government encour-
age the use of manual
skills rather than auto-
mation, which eventually
results in more people be:
ing employed.”

As a result the country
has been unable to capi-
talise on what should
have been a period: of
great financial boom with
the current rand/dollar
exchange rate. And the
reason for this is .that

19317
cs0: 3400/1763

South African manufac-
tured products are unac-
cepted in the market
place.

Professor Marcus
warns that South Africa
can no longer be compla-
cent about recent devel-
opments in high technol-
ogy and the impact that
these development will
have on the country’s
day-to-day existence.

A worrying aspect too
is that current school edu-
cation is starting to lag be-
hind that which is requir-
ed to keep young people
abreast with recent devel-
‘opments in technology.

“It is worrying because
for us the 2ist Century
life will be as different as
the pre-car, pre-TV, pre-
telephone 19th Century
was from today. Mind
power and mental ability
will replace labour, the
physical "ability to as-
semble, as the most va-
lued skill among work-
ers.”

Looking at South Afri-
ca’s position in the high

. technological era, Profes-

sor Marcus says that while
it is accepted that a large
number of jobs need to be
created, then one way of
creating these jobs is to

93

establish a viable manu-
facturing industry based
on the export of finished
products.

“Implicit in this how-
ever, is that these prod-
ucts need to be manufac-
tured at the same price
and quality as those being
manufactured in those
countries in the Pacific
basin.”

He adds that the recog-
nition of the emergence
of a total industrial revol-
ution is needed now, and
if South Africa ignores it,
the country will. regess
further as a Third World
country.

He points to the emer-
gence of two new technol-
ogies which highlight
South Africa’s yulnerabil-
ity in the export of raw
materials, namely, the
fibre optics and ceramics
industries. These technol-
ogies are placing the in-
dustrial world in the pos-
ition where they will no
longer have to rely on
South Africa as a source
of raw materials.

“So we have to face the
realities of losing major
export markets and have
to change our strategy
from being totally reliant
on the export of raw ma-
terials.”



JPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SHIPPING EXPERT COMMENTS ON FUTURE OF PORT ELIZABETH

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST (Business) in English 10 May 86 p 1

[Article by George Young]

[Text]

PASSING almost unnoticed is
the changed character of the
Port Elizabeth seatrade in re-
cent years.

While the demise of passen-
ger services has affected the in-
terest formerly displayed by the
general public in the harbour,
Port Elizabeth has become re-
spected as an exporter of con-
siderable hardware to other
parts of the world.

Mailships of yore lifted wool,
skin, hides and fruit in season.

These commoditiés still move
out in varying quantities by
boxship and general carrier, but
on my tour of tlie harbour this
week it is apparent that steel,
ore and scrap metal are now
important export commodities.

Business here is more con-
spicuous than, for instance, in
the much bigger complex of
Table Bay where it often hap-
pens that two expansive dock
basins have not a single ship at
berth. .

An experimental export car-
go of coal was made to Europe,
but it has not been repeated and
after the various authorities did
their homework after railing
‘about 401 000 tons of coal from
Witbank, the cost of the opera-
tion may have produced a
rethink.

/12828

cso: 3400/1785

For obvious reasons, not
much is said about the destina-
tion of cargoes now'moving out
of Port Elizabeth, but charter
fixtures effected in London and
available for all to see indicate
important purchases by distant
countries which refuse to allow
political considerations to tran-
scend the economic. |

Richards Bay is obviously the

coal terminal and shiploads are
going to Europe and the Far
East from there. Some ships
which load American cobbles in
Hampton Roads to the maxi-
mum draught permitted there,
make a stop at Richards Bay to
top-up, thereby giving the cus-
tomer the benefit of two nation-
alities of steam coal. Hong Kong

has been taking big bulk ship- :

ments in recent months. Sugar

has been going from Durban, so

has maize.

Export cargoes through Port
Elizabeth, particularly steel
from Iscor, assures the original
wharfside crane facilities of
continued employment, unlike
formidable numbers at Cape
Town which have been declared
redundant and sold to Chicks as
scrap.

Also: conspicuous in Port
Elizabeth has been the switch of
Asian-operated freighters, con-
sistent with the demise of
European-owned and manned
vessels, including the Greeks
which — shipowners allege —
the unions have succeeded in

98

driving off the seven seas.

In port this week were Fili-
pino, Korean and Chinese crews
— invariably cheaper to hire
and sustain — and their ships,
which come in to lift rough car-
goes at the abysmally low rates
being paid for the shipments.

Even indigenous operator,
Safmarine, has been able to hire.

up to two dozen bulkers, mainly
Asian, to process export cargoés
on one-way voyages at rates
which apparently afford both
the owner and the charterer a
profit.

South African-ownéd -ships
would probably have to run at a-
formidable loss carrying out
coal, ore, steel and scrap, then
return in ballast. The Asian
ships either bring in bulk car-
goes or come in ballast down the
coast to.load the shipments now
being moved out.

That affluent Western ship-
owners recognise the impact of
the Asians is borne out by the
decision of British and Com-
monwealth to sell their shipping
portfolio to OCL (Oversea’Con-
tainer Lines) and retain only
about 5% interest in Safmarine
where they, at one time, had up
to 40%. OCL is now P&O Lines.

But while passenger liners
are seen no more down this way
and Western-operated carriers
are conspicuous by their ab-
sence, Port Elizabeth can be as-
sured of regular customers fly-
ing flags of convenience
(Panama, Liberia, Cyprus and
the like), but which are able to
operate profitably on the rough
cargoes now bringing them in
increasing numbers to Port
Elizabeth.

Rates of exchange encourage
this business.


/9317

MAGISTRATE (addresses the four
prosecutors): “Comrades, will one
of you give some political educa-
tion?”

PROSECUTOR (number four)
starts: “ ‘Ntate,’ one of the Alexan+
dra Action Committee’s major ob-
jectives is to build the community,
and you will notice that crime has
decreased considerably since we
started running our own affairs
after. the fall of the local town
council and our resolution to build
the wall separating us from the
police.

“We do not believe the accused
is beyond redemption. He can be
rehabilitated and then join the
struggle for freedom of the |
pressed people and contribute in
rebuilding and reorganising Alex-
andra and the whole of our land.

“He may be a potential freedom
fighter who will one day free you
and me from the chains of oppres-
sion, but provided he is converted
into a sober-minded human being.

“Sjamboking a man does not ne-
cessarily mean he will changé.
However, we do not imply that the
method we contemplate using to
convert the accused will definitel:
work. We are only hoping it will
work. It has worked before.

“We will work hard to make the
accused a good person and we will
also ask you to help us change this
man. What do you say? Can you
help us?” Mi
OLD MAN: “My children, I am
very pleased. If only that was pos:
sible and if he could give up liquor,
You know, I like this boy.” 4

cso: 3400/1764

61

nevertheless

The magistrate, the prosecutors,
the complainant and the accused's
nephews, after a brief deliberation,
resolved that the accused should
be allowed to stay with his neph-
ews while undergoing rehabilita-
tion. .

“You cannot hope to rehabilitate
a renegade, a vagabond who does
not even have a place to stay.”
They resolved:

OHe would never be allowed to
take liquor;

DA selected committee of AAC
members, the complainant, the ac-
cused’s nephews will monitor how
he progresses; :
Though he will not be told how to
use his money, his savings would
monitored by the
‘old man, the nephews and the spé-
cial committee.

The Magistrate declares an end
to the people’s court proceedings.

Everybody rises. There is laugh-
ter and shaking of hands. All faces
are bright and radiant. Even the
young, scruffy accused is no longer
shaking. His eyes no longer rest-
less, he shares a joke with his neph-
ews. The old man joins in. They all
laugh.

‘About 600m away, an army Buf-
fel of the South African Defence
Force was moving slowly, still pa-
trolling the troubled township.

Where I was, some of the nine
men were still laughing, others
smiling broadly.

“Oh! The African people. The:
are never without their smiles,” |
thought and left. 1 N



and — perhaps most seriously of
all — the country would finally
reach the point where the con-
sumption of its capital stock was
threatened.

This is already too ‘close for
comfort after four years of decline
in real fixed capital formation.

For’ an industrial, community;
the stock of capital goods is com-
parable to the seed corn of a tribal
community. A tribal community,
driven through drought to eat its
seed corn, must know that disaster,

- ina short time, is unavoidable even
if it does eventually rain.

Nor should it be thought that the
economy will be the only casualty
of a continued escalation of vio-
lence. The probability is that that
will lead also — sooner perhaps
rather than later — to a suspension
of Parliament itself.

Already the reasons for such a
suspension exist. The tricameral
system is discredited and rejected
totally by blacks. White Right-
wing violence has begun to show
its ugly head. It is inevitable, if
events continue along their present
path, that it will become a logical
alternative to an embattled
Executive, determined to assuage
black hostility ‘and desperate to
head off a threatening erosion of
support within its own constituen-
cy.

He. even a suspension of

Parliament, in circumstances such
as those that are likely to unfold,
could only be a holding operation.

At a stroke, it would reduce all
South Africans to political equality
(though the emphasis would have
to be on the word “reduce,” not the
word “equality” in that case), but it
would not address the problem of
black poverty.

Gone, perha}
the checks and balances of parlia-

mentary-type democracy and in
their place would be a state power,
answerable to no one, attempting
to assert a monopoly of authority
in conditions of countrywide frag-
mentation and internecine strife.
But black Poverty would continue,
and would increase until even a

, dictatorship would collapse under
its weight.

forever, would be i

67

-ity ant its s)

Economic growth, made possi-
ble through an expeditious resolu-
tion of political differences, is the
only means by which the challenge
of such a possible future can be
met.

T.. choice is between a moder-
nising, industrialised SA with
gradually-Increasing opportunities
for all, notwithstanding inherited
disparities of income, wealth and
education (which growth and fiscal
measures would deal with in time
anyway), or a SA driven into the
disaster of Third World impover-
ishment, inefficiency and corrup-
jon.

Acomment on the issue of le iti-
macy is necessary when consider-
ing The government-ANC divide.
Both see each other as without
standing in law.

Government’s view of the ANC
is that of a terrorist organisation
whose criminality derives from its
cold-blooded assault on civilians,
as well as its violation of statute,
and is, therefore, without question.

The ANC’s view of government
is that of a perpetrator of state
terror whose cr: lity derives
from its violation of basic human
rights and has been accepted wide-
ly in the international community.

Whatever the merits of these op-
posing standpoints, they should not

reclude either communication or
The reaching of understanding be-
tween the parties.

Both know that there is nothing
particularly unique in the struc-

ure of their conflict. Conflicts of a
similar nature have existed before
in history and are to be found today

in Northern Ireland, Spain, Cyprus,
the Middle East, the Punjab, the
Philippines and elsewhere.

Legitimacy in all these — and

itimacy in SA, too — has no
objective criteria for evaluation.
However, conflicts left unresolved
breed terrible consequences for all
concerned; if not immediately,
then in the long-term.

‘The conflict in SA has a potential
to exceed in dreadfulness even that
of Lebanon because of its complex-
jal strategic dimen-
sions. But it remains sufficiently



JPRS«SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

EFFECTS OF DROUGHT IN INHAMBANE--More than 440,000 people in Mozambique's
southern province of Inhambane are still facing the effects of the drought.
The governor of the province, Pascoal Zandamela, has told Radio Mozambique
that the affected people are in six of the province's six districts.

[as heard] More than 1,000 are children whose parents have died of hunger
or killed by the South African-backed armed bandits. Mr Zandamela said
the provincial administration has approved a plan which will provide for
an increased seed production in the cooperative, family and private farming
sectors. He said another plan is to rehabilitate the animal breeding
sector. Some work has already begun in companiés ard other areas. [Text]
[Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1100 GMT 14 May 86} /9604

cso: 3400/1739

12



JPRS*SSA~86+060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MINERAL SALE VALUES DOWN IN FEBRUARY

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 May 86 p 9

[Article by Roy Bennetts]

[Text]
MINERAL sales values in Feb- with the’value of the .transac-
ruary dropped by nearly 17% to tions dropping to R400,6m
R2,1bn compared with R2,6bn in (R416,1m). .
January. Ride urchases lost 2% at
Figures released by the Min‘ ym im), while expo
erals Bureau show that revenue values dropped 4,8% at R245,7m
from ex fell by 18,5% to (R258m) in spite of an increase
R1,8bn (R2,2bn) while local pur- in tonnage sold of 3,7 (3,4)-mil-
chases. declined by 92% to lion tons. i
R312m (R349,3m). :. Figures for diamond sales
Gold’s contribution to the total tend to confuse more ‘han clari-
dropped to 60,1% (62,4%) at fy, with local and export sales of
R1,3bn (Ri,6bn). 1,2-million carats in February
However, production of the being shown as realising R77.2m,
metal increased by 2% to 52,4 while in January only the export
(52,5) tons, which equates to a figure of 1,3-million carats is re-
unit eerice of R30 933/kg vealed as being worth R197,5m.
(R24 609/kg), compared with an Local gales in the second
average price of R23 180/kg month of the year are shawn as
(R22 858/kg). This would suggest 88 098 carats at R30,4m.
that considerably more gold was Copper. sales followed the
sold than was actually produced downward trend with a 20%
during the period. . drop. in tonnage sold at 14100
Coal-sales improved to 13,5- qu 74) tons, and 2 26% loss of
il 1 enue ; january
million’ (13,3-million) tons, but to RA07m,
19317

csO: 3400/1732

95



JIPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

Bauchi Workers Ask State To Forgo Cuts
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 24 Apr 86 p 12

[Text] The Bauchi State wing of the Nigeria Labour Congress has called on
the state government not to cut workers' salaries.

In a statement issued in Bauchi on April 22 and signed by the union's state
chairman, Malam Abdullahi Shehu, the congress said in view of the stringent
economic and social conditions of workers, brought about by endless levies,
deductions and salary cuts, it was morally objectionable for government to

effect further cuts in salaries. :

The union's position was made known after the meeting it held with a govern-
ment sub-committee on the state industrial development appeal fund.

The congress insisted that "it is morally wrong for the state government to
effect any further salary cuts in respect of the forthcoming state industrial
development appeal fund".

Congress, however, called on workers to turn out enmass and voluntarily
donate generously within their capabilities to the development fund scheduled
for May 3.

Workers, the congress said were never opposed to the development of the
state in whatever form, but said they were only opposed to arbitrary cuts
in salaries despite the uncontrolled inflation sweeping across the nation.

In another development the central working committee (CWC) of the Nigeria
Labour Congress has ratified the temporary suspension of the strike action
embarked upon by civil servants in Benue State.

Imo Workers Reject State Cuts
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Apr 86 p 2
[Text] The Imo State council or Civil Service Technical Workers Union of
Nigeria has rejected the move by the Imo State Government to further

reduce the salaries, fringe benefits and allowances of workers.

The union has therefore, supported any action taken by industrial unions in
the state to resist the proposed government action.

This is contained in a 14 point resolution the union adopted at its special
conference in Owerri on April 16.

The union further called on the state government to restore free medical
services to the workers and their families. It argued that workers could
no longer pay hospital dues because of various types of cuts from their
salaries.

17



IJPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

JEUGKRAG PRESIDENT DISCUSSES ROLE OF. ORGANIZATION
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 16-22 May 86 p 17

[Interview with Marthinus “yan Schalknyk, president of the Afrikaanse
Studentebond and Jeugkrag, by Shaun Johnson; date and place not given]

[Text] WHY was Jeugkrag formed? ahead.

There was no youth organisation in South
Africa which provided for Afrikaner youth to
get politically involved, We thought we should
be there where the building of a new South
Africa takes place.”

We needed a dynamic youth organisation
which would operate independently from any
political party. The Afrikaanse Studentebond
(ASB) is a strictly cultural organisation, and
cannot make any political statements.

We had talks with black youth groups — the
Inkatha Youth Brigade, as well as others. We
needed a political organisation where we could
join hands with black youth and work on joint
projects to attain joint aims. .

“The launching committee of Jeugkrég
was exclusively Afrikaans — will you
aim for a broader appeal?

People of all races, creeds and colours will be
able to become members of Jeugkrag. We are
an organisation of moderates. Our principles
are very broad in the sense that to the Right, we
cut off people belonging to the right wing and
to the Left we cut off people: believing in
violent change and socialism. We want to pull
to ourselves the broad middle group, the
moderates.

Do you feel there has been a significant
shift in political outlook on the
Afrikaans campuses which has opened
new possi ies for this organisation?
The situation on the Afrikaans campuses has
changed a lot in the past two or three years.
People are more willing to compromise on
political issues. They know we are moving
towards a future where whites won’t have all
» the privileges they are used to. They are willing
to accept that and all the challenges that lie

46

This move to found Jeugkrag triggered

reaction from the right wing in the youth
community and on the Afrikaans campuses.
Also, believe it or not, there is a small group of
ery Leftist people on the Afrikaans campuses.
fe took the initiative in mobilising the large
lle group at the Afrikaans universities, and
in thd youth community as a whole.
You opposed the initiative by some
Stellenbosch students to mect the ANC.
Are these people too “Left” to be
members of Jeugkrag? And what is your
attitude to the ANC?

People who support our principles are most
welcome to be members of Jeugkrag. But we
are not in favour of negotiating with the ANC.
We are not in favour of violent change: .

We are trying to help to build an alliance
between moderate people of all colours in
South .Africa..We believe that the lines of
division in this country should be drawn along
the lines of ideology — what people believe —
and not colour.

At present the vast majority of our people
believe that we should not be talking to the
ANC,

What disturbs us most is the ANC’s alliance
with SACTU and the South African Communist
Party. A lot of our people would still be willing
to talk to the ANC despite their being in favour
of violence. It is their links with-the Communist
Party that they cannot accept.

Isn’t the historical lesson of Zimbabwe
that you cannot deny that the ANC is an



JPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT MOVES ON EXPORT INCENTIVES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 May 86 p 3
[Article by Chris Cairncross]

[Text] Government is moving fast on several fronts to encourage industries
to develop their export potential or step up their activities in this
regard. . . . .

Evidence of this was provided by Trade and Industries Minister Dawie de
Villiers during the debate on his budget vote in Parliament last week.

Highlights of government's new supportive actions. reflect greater recog—
nition of the need to satisfy the particular requirements of different
sectors--and must provide advance indication of the sort of recommendations
likely to flow from the Kleu committee investigation into the country's
export incentives. ~~ ‘ .

De Villiers focused on two areas, requiring special ‘and urgent attention:

the depressed state of motor manufacturers and the desirability of
stimulating their export’ poteritial, and assisting smaller economic units--
now seen as major sources of job creation--to develop their export potential.

On the motor industry, De Villiers said he has launched a Board of Trade
and Industries (BTI) investigation into how it.can aid. manufacturers
through stimulation of activities aimed at expanding exports. He noted
that government believes the exploitation of the export market can make
an important contribution towards the stabilisation and sound development
of the motor industry. ‘

De Villiers indicated that the BII has been charged with giving high
priority to determining what kind of permanent assistance can be extended
to motor manufacturers. This could range from rebates on the excise duty
payable on passenger vehicles and light commercials to the extent to which
locally manufactured components are being puilt into both types of vehicle.

These rebates have recently been extended to vehicles intended for export,
put are still of a temporary nature only.

91



JPRS«SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

CENSUS PREPARATIONS UNDERWAY-~Preparations are underway for the third post-
independence national census in August, 1988, ten years after the last census.
According to the Government Statistician in the Ministry of Finance, Economic
Affairs and Planning, Ndugu N. K. Mbalilaki, the major goal of the next

census will be to achieve accuracy in the data and timeliness in making the
results available for use, Maelezo reported. A circular has been issued to all
government departments, parastatals and other institutions requesting their com-
ments on suggestions put forward by the Bureau of Statistics for a programme
which has been drawn up as part of a data processing plan. The proposal pro~
gramme includes a list of items which would form part of the enumeration ques-
tionnaire. Government departments and other institutions have been asked to
examine the draft programme taking into consideration their data needs as
well as those required for planning and public use in general. It is expected
that members of the public and institutions will give views and suggestions
which will try to answer problems of data users. The deadline for such sug-
gestions is June 30, this year. According to the circular, a paper has been
prepared with proposals on the tupe of topics and tables to be used with the
aim of achieving accurate and comprehensive statistical information about
composition of the population, social and economic characteristics and the
housing situation. The topics, to be collected in the census, will be deter-
mined upon a balanced consideration éf the national needs, historical contin-
uity, international comparability, availability of resources and unit of
enumeration and analysis. In the proposals, the Bureau of Statistics has
drawn up tabulations suggested for the 1988 census. The 1978 National Popula-
tion Census put the country's population at 17.5 million, growing at the rate
of 3.3 percent annually, which would put it at over 21 million people now.
[Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 6 May 86 pp 1, 3] /9274

LOAN TO IMPROVE MINING--The Tanzania Investment Bank (TIB) has aagreed in prin-
ciple to extend a 70m/- loan to the Williamson Diamond Mines at Mwadui, in
Shinyanga district, the mines newsletter, Mwadui has said. The newsletter said
the loan, to be used for procuring caffttal equipment and machinery, spare parts
and other accessories to facilitate maintenance, is expected to improve mining.
The Acting Chairman of the TIB Board of Directors, Ndugu Bob Makani, said
after a Board meeting on March 19 that arrangements to obtain the loan had
been finalized. The funds would be utilised by the company immediately after
they were procured, he added. Ndugu Makani, who is also the Deputy Governor
of the Bank of Tanzania, said that mining last year was affected by numerous

29



BILATERAL AGREEMENTS SIGNED WITH FORTY-ONE COUNTRIES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 17 Apr 86 p 16

[Article by Omafume Amurun]

[Text]

THE Federal Government
has negotiated and signed
bilateral economic co-
operation agreements with
41 countries, Minister of Na-
tional Planning, Dr. Kalu
Idika Kalu, has said.

He told a’ press briefing in
Lagos that the countries were
made up of 16 African, 16
European and nine Pacific na-
tions and’ that more
agreements were in the
pipeline with sister African
countries such as Sierra-
Leone, Chad, Zimbabwe and
Republic of Congo.

‘The immister said these
agreements were entered into
primarily on economic and
political considerations. such as
the need for lechnical assistance
for the implementation of na
tional development plan, and the
need to maintain the nece
political leverage in Nigeria
relations with other countries.

Under these agreements Dr
Kalm said, provisions were made
for the establishment of ‘joint
commissions made up ot
representatives from the Iwo
sides. who meet annually to
monitor the implementations of

/12828
CSO: 3400/1768

‘removal of any difficulties wi

id
ich
might arise, and where
necessary, expand the scope of
co-opération.

He disclosed that Nigeria had
received 513 technical training
awards from some countries who
had not formalised economic co-
operation agreement with it

The minister said that within
the next 12 months, his ministry
would hold 16 joint economic
commission meetings with Niger
Republic, Ghana, Gabon,
Senegal, France, Cameroun,
Canada, Poland, U.S.A., German
Democratic Republic, India, Por-
tugal, Greece and Tunisia.

He explained that the main
thrust of the meeting would be to
seek assistance from countries in
the area of supply of experts,
equipment, provision of training

the agreement, identification a

‘facilities, credit line for the

priority sectors of the economy
identified by government.

According to-him, examples of
benefits of the joint commission
agreements included the comple-
tion by China, of the construction
of 36 boreholes for the Chad Basin
Development Authority in Borno
tale and technical assistance to-
Lagos State Government on the
Ioikin rice projects.

The minister said also that the
South Korean government had of-
fered to train 17 Nigerians in
various fields of agriculture
while the Brazilian government
had offered to beef-up training
facilities available to civil avia-
hon personnel in Nigeria

13

JPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

NIGERIA



REPORTER WITNESSES PROCEEDINGS OF 'PEOPLES COURT' IN ALEXANDRA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 May 86 pp 1, 6

[Text]

BUSINESS DAY Comment

JPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ACHILEING political development in
recent months has been the emergence
of “people’s courts” in the townships.

Township residents speak fearfully
of the courts, which are run by the
shadowy political group known as the
“Comrades”.

Among the harsh judgments these
courts are sald to hand down is the
notorious necklace, a blazing, petrol-
soaked tyre placed around the neck of
alleged police informers and other
major offenders.

Business Day staff reporter SIPHO
NGCOBO, followed a dangerous trail
to scek permission to report the prv-
ceedings of a trial of the “people’s
court” in strife-torn Alexandra. ‘
After days of secret meetings, he*
succeeded. .
His absorbing report appears in full
on Page 6 today. -
It deals with the court’s handling of
a charge of housebreaking and theft —.
for, as Ngcobo writes: “In Alex, hardly
anyone goes to the police these days.

They report their cases te the Com-
rades.” 7

Alexandra; Town Under Siege

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 May 86 p 6

[Article by Sipho Ngcobo]

[Text]

ALEXANDRA, north of Johannes-
burg, is a township in the grip of
the local political activists — the

“comrades”. They claim to have"

run all the affairs of the township
since the eruption of a terrific
wave of unrest on February 15.

Under the banner and leadership
of the political activists and the
resultant high level of political
consciousness, the local masses
have reached a stage where there
is little or no co-operation between
them and government authorities.

57

This no doubt led to the massive
police and army raid at the week-
end.

“A decision has been taken to
form an alternative administra-
tive strucuture to govern the town-
ship, because the residents rejec-
ted any government-appointed
administration,” say the com-
rades. “Residents have successful-
ly been mobilised so they can de-
fend themselves against the
police.”



Survey Shows Electricity Costs Soaring
(BUSINESS DAY, 6 May 86)...ccccccceccccscccccecscssseseacens

Mineral Sale Values Down in February
(Roy Bennetts; BUSINESS DAY, 5 May 86)..ccseceseeesccevecees

Experts Predict Increase in Price of Platinum
(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 14 May 86)....scccccecescceccees

Duvha Coal Mine Operating at Full Production
(John Orpen; THE SUNDAY STAR, 11 May 86)......ssesseeeesoeee

Shipping Expert Comments on Future of Port Elizabeth
(George Young; WEEKEND POST, 10 May 86)...s.seeseeeeeeeeeees

Briefs
Additional Daily Flight
SAA Sells 3 Airbuses
Standard Bank Survey on Savings
Gold Holdings Fall Sharply
Increased Use of Vanadium
Tourism Prospects Improving
Higher Price for Wheat Imports

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

Pilotless Attack, Reconnaissance Aircraft Described
(THE CITIZEN, 26 Apr 86)..

Motor Industry ‘Heading for Disaster’
(THE CITIZEN, 6 May 86)...

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It is extracted on a sliding scale, the highest rate on the most productive
land and a zero rate on the least productive land. The RSC levies are a
tax on productivity; they will discourage increased productivity and

the general creation of wealth.

The land tax, by contrast, is a tax on the productive capacity of land. It
thus encourages the most productive use of land, rapid development and
wealth creation. SA currently uses three main land taxes, the flat tax
(on land and improvements); the composite tax (which taxes land at a higher
rate than improvements); and the site value tax, which is based on land
value only.

The AIRR's Godfrey Dunkley studied land taxes in 310 towns over the period
1951-1979. His study gave all the Oscars to the site value tax.

More than 60 percent of the growth over the period was experienced in towns
using the site value tax; towns rating improvements lagged behind gross
domestic product growth, and site value rating increased in popularity.

Dunkley observes that provision exists within legal parameters for all
towns and cities to adopt site value rating. It was the land tax most
favoured by the Boers and has been in SA much longer than income tax.

There are many other powerful arguments in favour of the site value of
land tax. It can be used instead of the RSC levies which are new, flawed,
uncertain and open to innumerable instances of avoidance and abuse.

Municipal authorities have been collecting land taxes since before the turn
of the century. All that need be done is that the rate be increased.

Then, perhaps for once in the tax system, everyone will know where he
stands.

/9317
CSO: 3400/1736

89



FLOOD OF FOREIGN IMPORTS VIEWED AS LOCAL INDUSTRY THREAT

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 12 Apr 86 p 1

[Text]

/9317

JPRS*SSA~86~060
11 June 1986

ZAMBIA

UNCONTROLLED flooding of the local market with finished foreign products is
threatening to cause more redundaneies in the country, a company general ma-

nager said in Kitwe yesterday.

Zambia Ceramics gene-
tal manager, Akashamba-
twa’, Mbikusita-Lewanika
said jobs were being threa-
tened because imports
were cheaper than local
products. .

Mr Lewanika, Who was
speaking when his compa-
ny’s products were put on
exhibition at Hotel Edin-
burgh, said the uncontro-
‘led importation of foreign
finished products should be
stopped immediately.

Foreign . products were
cheaper on the local market
because the countries
where they are made have
been flooded with the same
items.

CSO: 3400/1772

“They use Zambia as a
dumping ground because
their own market has dwi-
ndled’’.

Mr Lewanika said locally-
produced goods were expe-
nsive and customers opted
to buy foreign goods which
were slightly cheaper, and
it was because of _ this
that his company had intro-
duced the hire purchase.

Mr Lewanika said the
response to the hire pur-
chase was very encoura-
ging and many people and
companies had bought the
products.

Hire purchase was intro-
duced to counter reduced
sales which Zambia Cera-
mics faced following intro-

duction of the auctioning of
foreign’exchange.

34



EXPERTS PREDICT INCREASE IN PRICE OF PLATINUM

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 May 86

{Article by Daan de Kock]

[Text] ALTHOUGH they never
comment on the price of
platinum there could be a
substantial increase in the
price of the metal in the
near future. This is the
logical deduction one can
make from the authorita-
tive report “Platinum
1986” released by. John-
son Matthey simultane-
ously in Johannesburg
and London yesterday.

One of the main
reasons for this is that the
demand for the metal is
exceeding the supply at
the moment and the fact
that the world’s two big-
gest producers, Rusten-
burg Plats and Impala
Plats are working close to
capacity “and are unlikely
to be sitting on much
above-ground stock”,

One of the .main
reasons for the substantial
growth in demand is the
huge demand for the met-
al for hoarding purposes
in the USA.

According to Platinum
1986 the Western demand
for’ platinum increased
arouad 7 percent last year
but the supply to the mar-
ket, although only ex-
ceeded in 1979 and 1980;
grew by less than 1 -per-
cent.

/9317
cso: 3400/1763

This was the first time
since 1981 that Western
itemand — 2 810 000 oz
1985 and up 180 000 ozon
the previous year — ex-
ceeded supply, which is
estimated at 2 740 000 oz
by Johnson Matthey.

After taking into .ac-
count the sales to China
and Comecon counties,
there was a 100000 oz
shortfall in available sup-
plies measured against
demand. .

‘Analysing the demand
the report shows that the
two major markets were
once again the jewellery
market and the demand
for platinum in autocata-
lysts.

According to the re-
port, Japan still domi-
nates the demand for pla-
tinum for jewellery pur-
poses, In 1985 Japan
bought about 44 percent
of the Western world’s
platinum followed by
North America with
about 37 percent and
Western Europe with
about 13,5 percent.

Autocatalysts represen-
ted the most buoyant sec-
tor of industrial demand
with worldwide sales to
the automative industry
moving ahead by 10 per-
cent with a result that this

96

p 20

JPRS*SSA*86~060
11 June 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

sector absorbed
875 000-0z or 31 percent
of the total sales in 1985.
The jewellery .industry
took up 810 000 oz of 29
percent of the sales. The
hoarding activity was the
fastest growing sector and
absorbed 260000 0z in
1985 compared to the pre-
vious year’s 170 000 oz.
According to the report
the US demand for
hoarding purposes _in-
creased threefold in 1985.
Total hoarding activity

has shown a sixfold in-
crease since 1982 and it is
considered that the scope
for an uplift in the dollar
price of platinum is great-
er than the prospect of a
decrease in 1986, which
probably means a con-
tinuation of investor in-
terest.

Looking at the future
Johnson Matthey is ob-
viously very careful but it
concludes by saying South
African supplies cannot
be expected to increase
greatly in the short-term
nor can Soviet exports un-
less a higher price proves
irresistible.

The report is available
free of charge from John-
‘son Matthey’s offices in
Wadeville, Germiston.


JPRS*SSA*86*060
11 June 1986

ZAMBIA

BRIEFS é

HEAVY RAINS, POTENTIAL FAMINE--Heavy rains have flooded two thirds of Kabwe
Rural, and the Party and its Government has been urged to act fast to avert
famine in the area. Twenty houses, including three belonging to the council,
have collapsed and crops have been destroyed. Zambia Infotmation Services
District Information Officer Miss Eness Litkwabila, who is based at Chibombo
said the three council houses at Chimbombo had been washed away. At Liteta
Leprosarium electricity supply is being interrupted by the rains. The ‘
district social secretary has abandoned his house to stay in a rest house
because he could not wade in water every day. In Kabwe urban, a big tree
cut electricity and telephone wires along Munkoyo Street on Tuesday. No
comment on the effects of the floods could be obtained from Kabwe Rural
district executive secretary, Victor Kabaso because of communication prob-
lems. [Excerpt] [Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 24 Apr 86 p 3]
/9317 :

g
csO: 3400/1772 '

37