Both of the forms mentioned here cannot be viewed as finished forms in the
process of cooperativization. They are different degrees in the transition
from the lower cooperative form to the higher form, in other words, to the
agricultural producer cooperative. This likewise does not mean that the co-~
operative movement necessarily has to go through these forms. The specific
conditions as to the level of awareness of the peasants in a cooperative
sense, the development level of the agricultural production forces in a spe-
cific region, the government aid which can be given through MECANAGRO, the
possible supplies of seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, loans, and other items
many times can suggest to officials of the cooperative movement to what degree
it is possible to begin cooperativization. This process can start with the
collective farm and the precooperative and even the agricultural cooperative.
It all depends. The only thing necessary here is for the process to be well
prepared so as not to discredit the idea of the cooperative with all of the
negative consequences as far as the future is concerned.

So far I have been talking about the lower forms of cooperation in
agricultural production. But this does not mean that, parallel to this, the
farmers themselves, through these forms, cannot organize other forms of co-
operation. On the contrary, the need for consumer cooperatives in this case
is quite evident. But here, again, the consumer cooperative, by expanding its
activities, can take over the functions of the supply cooperative of the peas-—
ants in the communal village, furnishing them industrial articles, and it can
organize the shipment of agricultural product surpluses turned out by the
partners. Here we come to the rural consumer cooperative and these functions
can be characteristic of it.

The peasants of the private sector, which may be adjacent as far as the
territory is concerned, can organize sales cooperatives together with the
producers of their specialty, the joint agricultural equipment utilization
cooperatives (machinery pool), and others.

In addition to this, to employ the labor force of the communal village
effectively, it is possible to organize a crafts cooperative, a construction
materials producer cooperative, a coal, wood, and other producer cooperatives.
They can be organized separately or their activity can be integrated in the
form of sections or workshops of the agricultural cooperative of the particu-
lar village. We think that the second way is preferable since it does not
presuppose the dispersion of the village's labor force outside the activity of
the agricultural cooperative. This depends on the specific conditions of a
communal village.

But, the interest of the agricultural cooperative in the village must somehow
be dominant since the production of food products is the main task of
agriculture.

State Sector Is Good or Bad, Management Is Something Else Again
NOTICIAS: You made reference to the state sector as an important element in

agricultural changes. How do you view the role and experience of this sector
in Mozambique?

55



JPRS*SSA“85*111
12 November 1985

"We are just sticking aromd, said another, adding, "this is the strike we have
been talking about. A laundary employee summed up the situation when he said
"util we are paid for the remaining two months, as promised by the Head of
State, we will just hang around doing nothing".

Editorial Calls for Worker Negotiation
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 10 Oct 85 pp 1,6
[Bditorial: "owning Up"7

[fext7 A few weeks ago, we published an editorial pointing out the difficul-
ties which government employees and other employees face during extensive
delays in salary payments and we went ahead to propose some relief measures
to tide the workers over hard times.

As government employees, we can understand and sympathise with employees who
occasionally lay down their tools to draw attention to their plight. Such has
been the case with the teachers and government hospital employees.

The response of government has generally been one of sympathy and concern,
resulting to some special consideration being given the aggrieved group. This
response is an obvious indication of the concern of government for the welfare
of its workers, and one is left in no doubt that the spirit at least is willing,
even if the purse is weak.

In view of these circumstances, we feel that workers should endeavour to be
much more sincere in their negotiations with government over the payment of
the delayed salaries. Where and when striking employees agree to resume work
in response to assurances from government, it is only fair that they live up
to their promise by faithfully carrying on their various tasks and duties
while awaiting the fulfilment of the government's side of the bargain.

We find it necessary to stress this point because we feel that the present
situation at the government's main hospital and the various public schools,
gives cause for concern. It is now apparent that both the teachers and the
hospital staff have not lived up to their promise to resume work after dis-
cussions with the appropriate authorities.

The situation is all the more babaffling especially after the Head of State
personally went to the Finance Ministry and ordered that all government employ-
ees be paid their salary arrears before election day. There is no reason to
doubt that the government is determined to carry out this directive. It is thus
most unfortunate that the hospital workers and teachers should still be persist-
ing in their decisions to lay dow tools.

If these employees have reason to doubt the assurances given them by the
authorities concerned, we feel that it is only fair that they make known their
contentions and iron them out fully at the negotiating table. But to continue
to boycott their duties after assuring government that they would resume work,
creates doubts about the motives for the action.

21



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

NEW ZEALAND DIPLOMATIC MISSION--New Zealand has announced that it will open a
diplomatic mission in Zimbabwe the country's first in Africa. It named former
Commonwealth official, Mr Chris Laidlaw, as the high commissioner. Prime
Minister David Lange announced the move in a speech to the UN special com-
mittee against apartheid in New York yesterday. Mr Laidlaw, a former leading
all blacks rugby player, is a noted critic of apartheid. He worked as an
assistant to Commonwealth Secretary General Sir Shridath Ramphal before
returning to New Zealand as a special adviser on African affairs to the
government of Prime Minister Lange. He will also be credited to Kenya,

Zambia, Botswana, Lesotho. [Text [Harare Domestic Service in English 0600
cur 24’oct 85 mB]

12929
cso: 3400/273 END

115



JPRS*SSA*85+111
12 November 1985

NIGERIA

RADIO VIEWS COMMONWEALTH STAND ON RSA ISSUE
AB221355 Lagos International Service in English 0950 GMT 22 Oct 85
[Viewpoint]

[text] [words indistinct] African governments to dismantle the apartheid
system and the existence of state of emergency as well as release the leader
of the African National Congress [ANC] Mr Nelson Mandela. South Africa was
also asked to initiate dialogue. The Commonwealth conference also agreed on
a series of economic sanctions. These include an end to governments’ loans
to South Africa as well as an end to new government subsidies for tourism and
exhibition. The interesting thing about these measures is that Britain, an
avowed opponent of sanctions against racist South Africa, was part of the
agreement. This is a welcomed development in the sense that Britain has
realized the publicity of its hard-line stand against the rest of the world
on sanctions against South Africa. But come to think of it, Margaret
Thatcher's government had no choice on this issue against the rest of the
Commonwealth members. As the leader of the Commonwealth, Britain would have
found itself completely isolated if it had dragged its feet. The entire
world community has all along realized that only tough and far-reaching
measures against the agents of darkness in South Africa can bring about
meaningful changes in that country.

It is a well-known fact that the racist regime is being sustained by influx
of capitals from western countries like Britain. But ironically, public
opinion in these countries is very much in favor of dismantling apartheid
without further delay. For example, over the weekend, two European cities,
London and Amsterdam, were scenes of protest against South Africa. In London
about 3,000 students demonstrated outside the South African Embassy. In
Amsterdam, there were attacks on banks and companies with business ties with
South Africa. Therefore, the measures taken by the Commonwealth conference
in Nassau, Bahamas, conform with the trend of laws against apartheid world-
wide. It is only through such measures that genuine changes can come to South
Africa. But we only hope that every Commonwealth country, without exception,
will line up to the letter and spirit of their commendable agreements on
South Africa.

This is because the only language the Pretoria regime understands is the
language of force. And this is what the Commonwealth leaders are trying to
impress on racist South Africa.

/12929
CSO: 3400/259 64



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

NIGERIA

INFANTRY SCHOOL COMMANDANT ASSUMES DUTY
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 4 Oct 85 p 19
{Article by Bala Mohammed]

[Text] Brigadier Malami Mahe Nasarawa has assumed duty as the new
Commandant of the Nigerian Army School of Infantry, Jaji.

Brigadier Malami who was the Adjutant-General of the Nigerian Army succeeds
Brigadier M.B. Haladu.

According to a statement by the Army public relations department thé new
Commandant enlisted into the army as a Cadet in March 1963 after the
completion of his secondary education in 1962. He had his cadet training
young officers’ course and subultant's course in Canada and also attended
Junior. Division Staff College and Intelligence course.

Brigadier Malami had his company Commander's course at Westminister in
1972, received the PSC. (passed staff college) in TRADOC 1981-83,

Brigadier Malami has held. yarious civil appointments among which are
Director, NNSC 1976 ~ 78; member Bayero University Senate 1970-81; member
Bendel State Committee on the Prerogative of. Mercy, 1975 and member
Lagos Zone of the military tribunal, 1984-85,

/12828
cso: 3400/233

75



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

GENALE TECHNOLOGY CENTRE-~The basic technology centre for education in
Genale province of Bale region has established branch units in 63 of the
67 schools in the area to undertake and promote the centre's programmes.
Established nine years ago, the centre has distributed over 150 types of
arithmetic, science and community education tools among the 63 schools
where experts have been assigned to oversee the execution of the project
through the four zones. Comrade Alemayehu Mengesha, representative of

the centre, said the centre has raised over 2,600 birr from among peasants’
associations to help 22 schools, two kindergartens and 13 nurseries and

to purchase essential equipment.and toys. The centre is also taking care
of children under the age of six and is building a 14-room dormitory for
teachers undergoing familiarization training at its main office. Comrade
Alemayehu said the centre has organized an exhibition where the local
people may see chairs, tables, cupboards and sewing equipment built by

the centre. Local handicrafts workers given skill-upgrading courses at
the centre are being encouraged and assisted to share the benefit of their
training and experience with other people. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN
HERALD in English 3 Oct 85 p 1]

KAFFA HOSPITAL--JIMMA--A nine million birr hospital which is under construction
near Mizan town in Kaffa region, is nearing completion.. The hospital
accommodates 120 beds and is equipped with an operation, laboratory,

X-ray and pharmacy facilities. A team led by Comrade Begashaw Atalai,

member of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee for

Kaffa region, which included heads of government agencies and mass organiza—
tions, recently visited the facilities of the hospital. When completed

the hospital will treat 300 patients a day. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE

ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 Oct 85 p 1]

DIRE DAWA TECHNICAL SCHOOL--A technical school built here at a cost of
over 3,000,000 birr opened its doors at the beginning of the week to the
first batch of 130 students. The school receives students who have
completed tenth-grade education in secondary schools in Harar, Dire Dawa
and Asbe Teferi for a three year diploma course in automechanics, electricity,
and woodworks and metallurgical technology as well as electronics.

The technical school was built with 2,221,289 birr secured from the African
development Bank and 800.00 birr raised by the inhabitants of Hararghe
region, according to the public relations department of the regional
schools administration office. The teaching staff presently consists of

13 Ethiopians and seven comrades from the Soviet Union which has also
donated various equipment for practical training. [Text] [Addis Ababa

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 Oct 85 p 1]

NMS SEMINAR--A four-day seminar organised by the National Military
Service Civil Defence Main Department in connection with the third round
military service wound up earlier this week, At the seminar, held at
the assembly hall of the Tatek Training Centre, representatives of the
different sections of the main department submitted reports on their
achievements in the second round. Commanders of the training centres
also gave reports on the preparations for the third round of the national
military service.

11



President Babangida then
restated the objectives of the
government which include
making the nation’s economy
stable ensuring a disciplined, ;
united, patriotic, productive:
and secure Nigerian -society
and commendable industrial
and commercial growth. (

He said the government
would also strive to achieve
self-sufficiency in food produc-
tion, cash @ops, good and
clean ‘drinking water, .suffi-
cient and efficient health
facilities, abundant opportuni-
ty for functional education and
jobs, a balanced and efficieni
civil service and effective and
efficient armed forces.

/12828
cso: 3400/233

70



in strategic parts of the
country. While full-scale
impact studies are not yet
available to ascertain
whether these projects are
‘on the right path of lead-
ing Liberia to solving its
food self-sufficiency pro-
blem, indications are that
these projects are
centered around the pro-
duction of export crops
such as coffee and cocoa
tor foreign exchange as
opposed to the production
of food crops such as
rice, cassava, etc... which
are needed first. As ‘John
Malecels (1979) of Tan-
zania opines, making par-
ticular reference ‘to the
food . problem. in Africa,
"...we have not considered
seriously that what we
need first is food. We
have been’ geared to think=
ing ‘about foreign. ex-
change...But what is the
use of getting a hundred
million dollars in foreign
exchange when you'll spend
three hundred million dol-
lars to import food?"

Least I. be misunder-
stood, let me say here
that there is nothing
wrong with growing export
crops, but to do so at the
expense of food crops
which we are in dire need
of is completely out of
place,

In recent times, we con-
tinue to hear.on radio and
television and read in the
local newspapers about
other government pronoun-
cements urging Liberians
to "go back to the soil
and grow more food," and
"to plant coffee and cocoa
and other cash crops after
each rice planting and

28

harvesting season." Surely
no one with a sound mind
can argue against such
pronouncements since they:
are geared towards agri-
cultural development. But
frankly speaking, pronoun-
cements alone can not get
people to go back to the
soil and grow more food
to make the nation self-
sufficient in food pro-
duction, These pronounce-
ments must be coupled with
an explicit and comprehen-
sive plan of action which
takes into consideration,
inter alia, the how, what
and. who questions,
- Anything short of this
will certainly yield no
lasting results, Past ex-
periences fave already
taught us enough lessons.
TOWARDS A GENUINE PLAN OF
ACTION
Admittedly; there are
many constraints which
hamper the attainment of
self-sufficiency in food
Production in Liberia, but
there are several salient
steps which, when taken
seriously, cari help to
bring about the kind of
egricultural  transforma-
tion which we are longing
for. Below are few of
these action steps:
@) =A sound Agricultural
Research Policy must be
worked out emphasizing lo-
cal food crops, poultry,
cattle end: small - rumi-
nants, Such. research po-
licy must be backed by the
needed financial and lo-
gistical support to ensure
success, The recent ef-~
forts being made by the
Government and USAID to
improve the Central Agri-
cultural Research Institu-



/12851

cso:

3400/27

While agencies are aegres:
sively looking for new busi-
ness, they often find that new
clients they gain do no adver-
tising.

Second half

Still, they reckon that it is
worth improving their mar-
ket share now for better
Himes. farce?

When these . times will
come is anybody's guess, but
the agencies are not optimis-
tic. Paul Brand, managing di-
rector of Altolevel, is lookin,
to the second half of nex!
year and maybe only 1987 for
a recovery. .

“Traditionally, we feel the
erunch six months before it
hits most businesses, and we
also feel the good times about
six months ahead of the gen-
eral economy.

“We use the car industry as
an indicator of where. the-i
economy is going, and look
where that is now. So we are
still in for a rough time.”

Nevertheless, there are
still jobs around for good peo-
ple, especially in computers,
engineering and the financial
world.

But many of the vacancies
that companies would fill in
normal times, and would be
desperate £3, fl a boom

imes, are being left open in-
definitely. ia

99



is going to publish a confidential bulletin detailing the "internationalization"
of the conflict in Mozambique. But ‘it has also. been speculated that Washington,
although desiring to intensify the economic. ties with Maputo (and possibly
acquire coastal military facilities that would allow for control of the Indian
Ocean and the Cape route), is not seeking to commit itself. right now, essential-
ly, to the "a outrance" [extreme] defense of Machel, owing both to the unknown
quantity that RENAMO still represents and to the RSA'smilitary force in the
region,.as well as to the the constant reports claiming that Mozambique has
been divided up into zones of foreign influence.

Investment and Leadership

Sources that we contacted in the White House and the Defense Department confirmed
the fact that Machel submitted conclusive documents attesting to "violations"

of the N'komati Accord on the part of Pretoria; but noted that these activities
had already been reported to the Reagan administration by the South Africans
themselves. On this occasion, the RSA reportedly justified limited types of
assistance to RENAMO, as a means of responding to the "Vietnamization" of the
war in Mozambique.

There are several American business firms interested in investing in Mozambique,
either to offer preliminary competition for a European (particularly British)
penetration, or to offset the impossibility of investment in Angola, where
Washington views the MPLA [Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola]

as the best Soviet ally in all of Africa (with the exception of Ethiopia).
Reagan informed Machel of this, but he did not conceal a certain amount of
ironic paternalism when telling the Mozambican leader that this was a good
opportunity for him to look toward the "outside world" beyond the barriers of
propaganda.

On the other hand, there are some who claim that, while in Washington, Machel
attempted to "free himself" from FRELIMO's hard line established primarily

by individuals of Indian origin, and to display an independent leadership

even ready for major reconciliation. We shall return to the topic but, for
the present, all this remains recorded between the lines of the formal official
comments. :

2909
csO: 3442/16

35



JPRS*SSA“85~111
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

EFRIPEL TO HARVEST FISH TOGETHER WITH SHRIMP
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] There has now been created an agency of EFRIPEL [Mozambican-Japanese
Fishing Enterprise], which has been operating since last year in the Pebane
district headquarters. According to the agency's head, Joaquim Ribeiro, it

was created in that area as an immediate response to the provincial government's
decisions associated with the complete utilization of fauna accompanying the
shrimp caught by the EFRIPEL and PESCOM [Mozambican Fishing Enterprise] trawlers.
Previously, the small fish had been thrown back into the water.

According to that official, EFRIPEL made two motor-boats available, which made
the transfer from the fishing vessels at sea, collecting the fish, which is
later sold to the population, either fresh or dried.

From the beginning of its activity until the end of the first half of this

year, over 174 tons of fish were unloaded. The subject of our interview added
that the fresh fish is sold in the vicinity of the district headquarters, and
the dried fish, besides supplying the local FAM, is used to supply the districts
of Gile, Maganja da Costa, Ile and Alto-Molocue.

The agency.is currently faced with the problem of a lack of transportation for
rapid removal of the fish from the port to the agency headquarters, which has
entailed expenses for paying freight charges. Moreover, the lack of spare
parts could seriously affect the vessels, which are already showing constant
damage.

The agency intends to expand and remodel the site where the fish is sold, so
as to better serve the public.

2909
CSO: 3442/16

60



JPRS*SSA+85*111
12 November 1985

MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

PLANS TO TIGHTEN LINKS WITH SOUTH AFRICA--Mauritius is renewing a campaign
for tighter links with South Africa. A trade agreement between Mauritius and
SA, which will eliminate import duties on Mauritian products, is being nego-
tiated. Mauritius is going through a boom with a 21% growth in the manufac-
turing sector last year. The Mauritian Trade Office claims it offers "one of
the most generous and attractive packages of incentives in the world".
Mauritian trade representative Jean-Michel de Senneville says South Africans
can benefit from its international trade links. "We are getting a good
response," he says, "Mauritius is already known as a tourist paradise with
33,000 SA visitors a year and increasingly South Africans can see the coun-
try as a place to do business in. "We hope that subsidiaries will_be set w
to finish products for export and re-export." /By Stephen Cranston [Rex]
/Sohannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 Oct 85 p 47

/12851
cso: 300/275

31



JPRS*SSA“85*111
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

FOOD EXPERTS TRAINED--A few days ago, at the facilities of the FO-2 Project

in the locality of Michafutene, in the district of Marracuene, Maputo, the
nutrition course sponsored by the Red Cross of Mozambique provincial agency,
concluded. Participating in the course were 15 cooks from social centers and
child day care centers of the Uaimbale, Mucapana, Marracuene and Michafutene
production units. According to a source from the Red Cross of Mozambique agency
in Maputo, the course was aimed at.instruction on the use of nutritious foods,
relying on local facilities and diversity in.meals. The necessary care for the
diet of expectant mothers and children, individual hygiene and grooming and
that in residences and work sites, as well as the preparation of "loa," a
nutritious food made from milk, were also subjects discussed during that
meeting. According to the same source, the experience gained from the course
will make it possible for the. nutritionists who were.trained to disseminate
this information in communal villages, especially those housing populations

recently recovered from the armed bandits. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese
24 Sep 85 p 3] 2909

AGREEMENT WITH NETHERLANDS--Last Monday,. Mozambique and Holland concluded a
round of talks intended to teview the cooperation programs in the field of
agricultural water supply. Initial contacts were made last February. The
second phase of these contacts was concluded during the week which has just
ended with the signing, on Monday, of a protocol in which the two parties
stressed their intention to continue the same programs in the future. The
photo shows the moment at which the protocol was being signed. The document
was signed for the Mozambican side by Secretary of State for Agricultural
Water Supply, Rui Gonzalez and, for the Dutch side, by Dr P. C. Harkema,
director, Southern Africa Division, Ministry of Cooperation and Development,
of that country. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Sep 85 p 10] 5058

cso: 3442/12

63



WEAK RAND CAUSES MINE-SHARE BUYING FEVER

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 20 Oct 85 p 2

[Article by Brendan Ryan]

Lrext]

PRIVATE and institu-
tional investors piled
into mining and mining
financial shares this
week,

The buying activity
brought smiles to broking-:

firm partners totting up their |

commissions, but put frowns
on the faces of many of their
analysts, who feel a day of,
reckoning may be at hand.

Key reason for the buyin;
activity is the weakness of.
the rand, which will boost the
earnings of export-oriented
companies. i

Local investors are search-}
ing for hedges against the in-
creased inflation which;
many economists predict.
will follow the government.
decision to stimulate the eco-
nomy with the inflation raté
still largely undefeated at
levels around 16%.

They see one answer in the
export-oriented mining sec-;
tor and also in shares such as
the Rembrandt group, which,
js a hedge against rand,
because of its overseas busi-*
ness interests. - Mei

Hard to fault

As a result Remgro has:
been pushed from a low of.
R28 on November 16 last;
you to a high of R47 on Octo-;

r 9,

Another popular choice!
has been steel exporter High-?
veld Steel and Vanadium, :
which has moved to its {
sent high of §75c from in:

snare

facing the South African in-?
vestor, a deciston to dive into’

100

these shares Is hard to fault?

The underlying assur
tion for shares on this basis is:
that the rand will remain’
weak, boosting expected

‘ylelds. :
‘Until now there has been
caution on this assumption.

\'The buying spree may reflect.

acharige in investor expecta.
itlons, indicating a belief by
many that the rand will re-
émain weak.

That seems a safe enough
;assumption as the currency
jhovers around the levels
Where the Reserve Bank’
‘temporarily pulled the plug
‘on the forex market at the.
,end of August. i

However, if by some mir-:
jacle the rand ‘strengthens:
'markedly, the adverse ef-

fects on the share prices
teould be severe. A stronger
rand means:lower expected
earnings for the companies,
jand also many investors may
take profits and sell off their
holdings because of the
‘better rand/dollar rate.

The pattern of Wednes-
day's trading on the JSE re-
‘flected precisely this. Inves-;
‘tors bought during the rand’s:
‘initial plunge in the morning
iand then took profits by sell-,
ing out in the afternoon when
the currency recovered, *
* One dealer sums up: “I can
see why the market is doin,
‘what if is doing, but it stil
scares the hell out of me,
‘especially given the situation
for gold. .

“The dollar gold price has
cbeen trying very hard to
break upwards out of its
itrading Fange but has not
,succeeded, The gold price has
‘done this before and then

IJPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA+85~111
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CONDITIONS IN MILITARY TRAINING CENTERS IMPROVE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Sep 85 p 8

[Text] The first results of the efforts to improve the country's military
training centers are starting to appear. In Maputo Province, civil construction
work is being done on the main military training centers. The Manhica Politico-
Military Training Center is one of the examples to be cited. Established a
relatively short time ago, this center has not failed to reflect all the effort
to create the necessary conditions for training the young recruits from all
parts of the country, as our war correspondent, Filipe Ribas writes.

Rather than a training center, Manhica is now an organized community, where

the effort of each individual contributes to the welfare of everyone. A hundred
hectares of garden produce and a pigpen actually show the course of action

that they are attempting to follow in order to achieve self-sufficiency, by
improving the recruits' diet.

The Boane Training Center, now benefiting from major improvement projects, may
come to be an exemplary site with regard to the training of our military.

The improvement projects are aimed at rehabilitating the barracks as a whole
as well as other related facilities, including all the backup infrastructures.

According to our war correspondent, the Manhica Politico-Military Training
Center begins its activity during the early hours of the day, when the recruits
start their physical training. For nearly an hour, several groups of youths
engage in running exercise, while singing revolutionary anthems. It is an
awakening marked by the joyful rhythm of song which is heard in various parts
of the center, in a combination of languages indicating the national unity
that has become a reality.

To keep the center's facilities impeccable, immediately after physical training
the youths start the cleaning work, with such care that one cannot see either
papers or small heaps of rubbish in the surrounding area. Rather than obeying
an order, the youths are so familiar with this activity that they do it to the
joyful rhythm of song and clever joking.

After these activities with which the center comes to life, the youths go for
military instruction per se, which is only interrupted for meals.

41



 yprs+ssa-85"111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

METAMORPHOSIS OF BUSINESSMEN INTO POLITICAL ACTIVISTS
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 13 Oct 85 p 25
[Article by Brian Pottinger]

FRANCIS BACON once observed that men in great.
Pisces are thrice servants: to the state, fame and

‘The political and economie crisis in South Africa has
mixed the order somewhat and led to the emergence of
a remarkable new band of political reformers and
diplomatic emissaries. :

usinessmen are putting aside their Keynes and
Friedman and picking up their Machiavelli and Plato.

[Text]

? For these reluctant Control
" A leadershi; Ik junk
ya concern for sidened A perhaps, middle, path cation and adventurigm
ied now suggests that in the ini- has led to an unprecedented

Pilla eadeconip in:agumm ‘fit stage of economle fake souring of relations.

theid might have ’ e same way that the
Africa, the expjosion of black served. e& italism but that emergent black trade unions,
ternational pressure con- the later Increased techno- like Fosatu, were drawn in-
vince many that the survival logical sophistication of the exorably into the political
of the free enterprise system manufacturing and mining vortex because of the esca-
pette res crake, Industries led to a fundamen- lating polarisation between
This week saw the largely fal clash between the Gov- the community and the au-
ubheralded return of the Eimment’s desire to control 0 too was big busi-
front-group of organised ; be ok South Africans and ness.
business from an overseas . pitalism’s self-interested From the years of clandes-
trip that gave entré to needs to advance them. tine but still influential min-
foreign trade unionists, fi- A Government-business istrations of the Urban Foun-
nanciers, politicians and truce came under the P W dation — the socio-politico
pressure grou} . Botha administration. arm of business — has come
On September 18, for ex- The Carlton and Good an escalated business activ-
ample, they addressed a . Hope conferences were basi- {sm Proportional to politic’s
United Nations hearing on faptort piride-off. Business inact is ‘i
‘ a ie lovember its
transnational corporations in tion initlatives and the enor- last year agalust the deten,

Thus, by omission of the |
South African Government,
did the businessmen become
the country’s ambassadors ‘
and reform’s emissaries.

It has been a bizarre meta- -
morphosis of a traditionally
supine business community ,
into quasi-political activists;
a checkered history.

A bevy of academics have '
made livelihoods from argu:
ing the toss: apartheld served
capitalism or vice-versa. ° |

costs of “apartheld-in-
transformation”
against a Government
“hands-off” promise to busi-
ness: de-regulation, diminish-
ea intervention, contral_on

lovernment s flexi»
bility in ideale ne

The November 1983 refer-
endum was perhaps the high
point in the honeymoon. i

Since then the fading Gov-
ernment performance in re- |
form — a function of clumsi-
ness, hesitancy, limited

83

tion of trade unionists, the
January statement to Sena-
tor Kennedy, the March
meeting with Minister Vil-

foen, evidence to the
ident’s Council on influx
control and, finally, a state-

ment on citizenship, federal-
ism and civil liberties,

Salvage

Individual businessmen
have become assoclated with
salvage attempts:



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

Comrades Girma Habte-Gabriel and Sileshi Mengesha underlined the important
role the cadres had played in helping implement the rehabilitation programme
worked out by the Politburo of the CC of the WPE.

Return From Metekel, Metema
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 2 Oct 85 pp 1, 5

[Text] The first group of cadres who had been deployed on a rehabilitation
task in the past eight months returned yesterday after successfully
accomplishing their sacred mission by actively participating in the
rehabilitation campaign.

The campaigner cadres, who returned from Metekel and Metema rehabilitation
sites, have handed over the emblem which they had received from the
Revolutionary Leader at the time of their deployment to the second group
of cadres who had replaced them.

The cadres had during their campaign politicized and organized drought
victims, in addition to their participation in the construction of dwelling
units for the settler compatriots, building of roads, establishment of

new farming fields, while at the same time creating favourable conditions
for the settlers to become productive and self-supporting citizens.

The cadres also organized mass organizations, built offices for these
organizations and translated the objectives of the campaign into deeds
guided by the emblem of the party,

It was also reported that the settler compatriots were enabled to become
self-sufficient and productive with the guidance given them by the cadres
in line with the rehabilitation programme of the Political Bureau of the
CC of the WPE.

On arrival the campaigners were welcomed by Comrade Zewde Teklu, alternate
member of the CC of the WPE, Chairman of the Addis Ababa City Council
and Mayor of the City at the Sululta satellite station,

Present during the welcoming ceremony were also members of the Addis Ababa,
WPE Committee, first secretaries of zonal WPE committees, members of higher
UDA and primary organization WPE committees.

Speaking on the occasion, Comrade Zewde said that WPE considers them as
worker-heroes for enthusiastically accomplishing their mission and that
they would be given special honour and support in their future assignments,

Speaking on their part, Comrade Belew Teshale, First Secretary of the WPE
Committee of Metekel rehabilitation site, and Comrade Tesfaye Girma,
First Secretary of the WPE Committee of Metema rehabilitation site,
stressed the satisfactory work accomplished by the campaigners.

Warm welcome was accorded.to WPE cadres upon their return to different
regions following their eight-month period of service at rehabilitation
sites in accordance with the programme of the Political Bureau of the



LIBERIA

LAP Blocked From Holding Rally in Margibi
(FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 4 Oct 85) eRe eee ecco cece eee ee ees

Allegations of Harassment by NDPL Supporters :
(Joseph Too; FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 3 Oct 85) scccccceccaces

LUP Favors Coalition Government of All Parties
(FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 3 Oct 85) .cccedccecccccccceccacuees

Labor Problems Reviewed :
(FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 1 Oct 85; NEW LIBERIAN, various dates)

Teachers Boycott Classes, by J. Gortor Kiazolu
Hospital Workers Begin Slowdown

Editorial Calls for Worker Negotiation

State Called To Provide Credit, Editorial

Weeks Calls for Hiring Preference for National Businessmen
(C. M. Harris; FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 7 Oct 85).scccccecccees

Decree 11 Calls for New Bank
(FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 3 Oct 85) ccccse cc cc secede ceccccceeee

Recommendations for Food Self-Sufficiency Proposed
(Moses M. Zinnah; FOOTPRINTS TODAY, 3 Oct ch)

MAURITIUS

Briefs
Plans to Tighten Links With South Africa

MOZAMBIQUE

Machel's U.S. Visit Seen as Transforming Relations
(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 21 Sep 85) Lecce sce sees c cscs cece

Implications of Machel's Washington Visit Considered
(Nuno Rogeiro; O DIABO, 24 Sep 85) feccccecccceccececeses

Document Defines Task of Mobilization, Political. Education
(NOTICIAS, 21 Sep 85) csccscc ede e ccc ccc c ccc euccccccccces

Hundreds of Youths Join Armed Forces. in. Xai-Xai
(NOTICIAS, 21 Sep 85) cc ccee cece cece cece cece cece eed ences

Conditions in Military Training Centers. Improve
(NOTICIAS, 19 Sep 85) ccccceceec ccc ck eee ceed bec ccecdeee

GEOMOC Denies Commercial Importance of Gas Finding
(Jorge Costa; NOTICIAS, 25 Sep 85) ceecccecccccdcceccuces

-b-

13

14

16

25

26

31

32

34

36

38

41

43



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

HUNDREDS OF YOUTHS JOIN ARMED FORCES IN XAI-XAT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] During the first half of this month, over 600 youths aged from 18 to

30 years were incorporated, in the city of Xai-Xai, Gaza Province, in the

first activity carried out in this city in connection with the "fatherland's
summons." During this second half of. the month, that effort will be extended
to this province's eight districts, preeminent among which are those of Chibuto,
Bilene, Chokwe, Xai-Xai and Manjacaze.

Just as has been happening in other parts of the country, in connection with
the youth's incorporation in response to the appeal issued to young people
by President Samora Machel at the closing ceremony for Youth Week, part of
the. commemoration of the 10th anniversary of national independence, in Gaza
Province the activity associated with the aforementioned incorporation has
been accompanied by an intense mobilization effort carried out ‘by brigades
consisting of members of the provincial committee and government.

The work done by the aforementioned brigades which also include members of
the FDS and ODM [Democratic Mass Organizations], as well as professionals in
the social area, is aimed more at enlightening the youth of this province
regarding the necessity and importance of the fatherland's defense.

The state enterprises, and various sectors of activity, schools, and also
residential districts, ‘constitute the main. locations where the brigades have
been concentrating their mobilization activity, because it is in those
places that one finds a large number of people who are of age to join the
military.

Recruitment in the City of Xai-Xai

In the city of Xai-Xai, the recruitment of youths to join the ranks of our
army began on 10 September, extending until. 15 September. During the first

2 days alone, over 600 youths were incorporated, a number considered to be
relatively higher than that in the recruitments carried out in previous years.

"We consider this recruitment the best of all time, because it has afforded the
inclusion of a larger number of young people, based on the measures previously

38



JPRS*SSA*85+111
12 November 1985

NIGERIA

BABANGIDA CALLS FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF ADVISORY COUNCILS
Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 29 Sep 85 pp 1, 3

[Article by Nkem Agetua]

THE various servi-
ces of the Armed For-
ces, including the
police, have been

urged to set up ‘‘ser-

vices advisory coun-

cils’’ at varidus levels,

to ensure the full par-
ticipation of all
members of the arm-
ed forces in the af-
fairs of government.

The President and Com- ©

mander-in-Chief of the
Armed Forces, Major
General brahim Baban-
gida, gave the directive
last weékend while ad-
dressing officers of the
Armed Forces and - the
Police Force at the Na-
tional Assembly Complex,
Lagos.

General Babangida. said
that the council would be
charged with responsibilities
for advising the various com-

manders on topical issues.
He said that the council

would meet al specified times
and debate issues that concern
government, and “pass on
recommendations to ap-
propriate commanders who
will forward them through
members of the Armed Forces
Ruling Council (AFRC), state
governors or ministers to the
president to enable him to
make decisions for the good of
everybody.” .
General Babangida said
that in this way, it was
hoped that all officers would

be given an opportunity to par
ticipate in the’governance of

the country.
The president pointed out to
the officers that if the govern-

ment failed “:t is we the arm-
ed forces that have failed.”
He then advised them that
as members of the Armed
Forces, they must accept
resvonsibility for the actions
and of govern

ment.

69



BUMPER HARVEST BRINGS DROP IN FOOD PRICES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 3 Oct 85 pp 1,3

[Text]

PRICES of food items
have fallen: sharply in
most towns in the nor-
thern states with the ex-
ception of Sokoto.

A New Nigerian
showed that because of the
bumper harvest this year,
prices of- food items in
Kaduna, Jos, Kano and Yota
have gone down by as much
as 300 per cent.

However in Sokoto, prices
haye virtually remained the
same because of the activities
of some. traders who hoard
essential items to raise prices.

Our State Editor, Ibrahim
Salihu, reports that one measure
of millet still sells at two Naira,
the standard measure of ‘rice
sells at 6.50 Naira and the
medium measure at three Naira
while a standard measure of
guineacorn sells at three Naira.

In other parts of Sokoto State,
prices have fallen by as much as
300 per cent. Maize, guineacorn
and millet which sold between
two and three Naira per standard
measure now sells at their
cheapest in more than 15 years.

At ’Yan Wanzamai, for"exam-
ple, a bag of maize which sold at
over 100 Naira now costs 30.

Naira. In Gusau one standard

measure of millet sells at 1.30

Naira while a measure of
guineacorn sells at. 1.50 Naira
against their 2.50 Naira and 3.00
Naira previous prices respective-

ly.

At Chafe, the story was found to
be encouraging because a stan-
dard measure of millet sells at 80
kobo or 1.00 Naira, while
guineacorn was sold at 1.20
Naira.

At Argungu, where rice is
grown on a large scale, a medium-
sized measure is now sold at 2.00
Naira.

In Kalgo, a town not far from
Birnin-Kebbi, a medium-sized
measure of maize sells at 60 kobo
against its previous price of more
than one Naira. The situation in
Zuru was the same. A similar
measure of millet sells at 40 kobo.

The cost of detergent and. other

toiletries has continued to fluc-

tuate because of the mafipula-
tion of prices by the traders and
other cofmmercial houses.

In YOLA, Abu Tapidi reports
that prices of grains, vegetables
and other foodstuffs have fallen
1n most markets.

A market survey in seven of the
17 local government areas of the
state showed that the prices have
declined drastically compared

with the prices during the same .

period last year.

The .local government areas
visited were — Numan, Guyuk,
Zing, Mayo-Belwa, Fufore,

78

NIGERIA


50102

JPRS-SSA-85-111

12 November

1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS

xn

Pee quatre neces, 5

Approved for public release;
. Distribution Unlimited

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY
| NATIONAL TECHNICAL i

\ INFORMATION SERVICE |

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

~ SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

Bs
MG



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT NEGLECT BLAMED FOR PORT CITY'S DECLINE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 Oct 85 p 6

Glext]

FOUR. YEARS ago P W Botha, at the’
time Prime Minister, unveiled before ¢
about 350 business leaders in Cape
Town a regional development stratefy
for Southern Africa. Central to the
strategy was “the promotion of a re-
gional order within which real freedom
and material welfare can be maximised
and the quality of life for all improved”.

Today that “Good Hope Plan” for SA
is aflame. And popular wisdom is that
nowhere in the country do the flames
burn brighter than in the Eastern Cape
in general and Port Elizabeth in par-—
ticular.

An irony? Or predictable, since the
Eastern Cape — or “Region D” — was
then singled out not only by the state-
/business alliance for priority attention
but also, some argue, by those activists
deliberately aggravating the cycle of
violence and repression in tlie country.
This one-dimensional view of PE’s re-
gional politics echoes the popular and
equally inaccurate assumption that it is
the “strike centre” of the country.

‘The truth is that the tensions are little
different to those dividing whites and
blacks elsewhere in the country, and the
early start to trade unionism which
earned PE its undeserved reputation
has now yielded a sophisticated, exper-
ienced and, hence, fenerally less vola-
tile industrial relations arena,

Neglect |

The truly distinguishing political
characteristic of the. country’s fifth —
and in many respects lowest — ranked
metropolitan complex is rather to be
found in systematic government ne-
glect. It is this programme of deliberate

neglect which is principally responsible
fo the economic. decline of Cinderella
iy.

104

Indeed, for many critics omission
has long since been replaced by com-
mission. Hence the city’s former mayor,
Ivan Krige (whose term recently ended
in controversy), last year bluntly stated
that PE was being “Tipped off” by gov-
ernment.

This is a sentiment which is widel
‘supported among resident industrial-
ists, businessmen, academics and politi-
cians, who disagree only on whether it
is wise to say so publicly and conse-
quently draw attention to the city’s Cin- -

erella status, or whether to argue for’
redress privately.

Some samples:

O“The manufacturing industry in
PE/Uitenhage is more likely to suffer
than to gain from the regional economic
development scheme.” — Dr Charles
Wait, department of economics at UPE.
@ PE was in danger of becoming a
“second Walvis Bay” unless something
concrete was done to boost the eco-
; omy. -- Lou Wilking, who returned to
the US in July after nine years as MD of
: General Motors SA. :
@ “I cannot understand what lies at the
root of the government's discrimination
against PE. But it regards (PE) as a sort
black stepping stone to the Western
Cape, and I have little doubt the govern-.
ment wishes it was not there.” — An-
on Savage, PFP MP for Walmer
@ And in one of his final public appear-
ances as chairman of Anglo American,
Harry Oppenheimer made a general ob-
servation of government's regional de-
velopment programme which perfectly
captures the current deepest suspicions
of its PE critics: “The general thesis on
which the government’s new licy (re-
ional economic development) has been
ed requires to my mind a great deal



ANGOLA.

JPRS-SSA-85-111

12.November 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

Mavinga Ravaged by War

ETHIOPIA

(BUSINESS DAY, 10 Oct 85) .......

WPE Cadres Get Enthusiastic Welcome .
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, various dates) ....ccececcceeeee

Role of Military Commissariat Reviewed

Briefs

Back From Gambella
Return From Metekel, Metema
Return to Regions

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 1, 2 Oct 85) sseceseccceceeeeeee

Two-day Seminar
Effectiveness Praised

Metema Rehabilitation Centre
Militia Receive Certificates
Nura Era

Presidential Units Nura Era
Food Exports

Nura Era Grain Project
Genale Technology Centre
Kaffa Hospital .

Dire Dawa Technical School
NMS Seminar

WPE Cadres Welcomed

Regional Party Meetings

urn


more critical examination by the busi-
ness community that it has so far re-
ceived. We have to ask ourselves whe-
ther this policy of decentralising
industry is really socially motivated, or
whether there is not also a considerable
admixture of much more doubtful poli-
tical considerations ...

“T am afraid there are too many ee

Je in positions of influence and author-
ity who press for the dispersal of indus-
try because it appeals to them as a neo-
Verwoerdian pan for slowing up or
even bringing to an end development in
the major centres, with the object of
transferring economic growth to the
borders of the homelands.”

The ideologues of apartheid, who
wield power sufficient to translate their
bizarrely expensive dreams into real-"
ity, argue that such natural economic
growth must be cauterised, and with a
little persuasion the bud and its atten-
dant problem — a politically awkward
proleteriat — will take root elsewhere.

The instrument with which this prun-
ing operation is today conducted is the
selective subsidy. The programme of
subsidies were introduced in April 1982:
and at the time ad hoc concessions had
to be wrung from government for PE
after it had been argued by regional
planners that PE/Uitenhage was a met-
ropolitan complex and was hence able
to generate its own growth (an argu-
ment, incidentally, which was not ap-
plied to Bloemfontein).

The statistical evidence to the con-
trary, presented in my previous article,
was of course available to the regional

lanners, as was the evidence of the

Impact on the city’s economy of such
strategic economic decisions as local
content for the motor industry, the loca-

_tion of an ore terminal at shen-Sal-_
danha and the location of a diesel en-
gine plant in the Cape.

It was only after fierce complaining
(including the PE mayor’s now famous

“rip-off” speech) that a number of addi-
tions were made to PE’s incentive:

- package. }

The result is that today an investor in,
PE will qualify for a 40% transport:
subsidy on outward-bound products, a
40% interest subsidy for capital invest-!
ments (not exceeding R7m), a 4% ten-*
der preference and a wage subsidy con-

3400/274

105

cession for industries with an
investment of less than R500°000.

In PE’s case such crippling economic
planning by central government had its

recursors in the form of a “local con-

nt” programme which shut the coun-
try’s harbours to the motor industry and
forced a programme of local manufac-
ture on assemblers. :

The result was that, whereas in 1965-
some 60% of the country’s motor indus-
try output originated in PE, today this
has shrunk to half that market share.
The advantage of importing CKD con-
tainers to an uncongested SA port-site
and distributing built-up vehicles inland
was eliminated with the stroke of a
legislative pen. With it went the raison
d’etre of PE’s post-war manufacturing
revival.

Strategic

Two major opportunities subsequent-
ly arose at which government could
have remedied this regrettable regional
side-effect of a “strategic” decision
made in the broader interest of SA:
O The investment in a new off-shore ore
terminal; and
DA plant to manufacture diesel en-
gines — the latter once again a strate-
ic decision, motivated very largely by

e desire to be self-sufficient in the
production of military hardware.

In the case of the former, an Algoa
Bay scheme costing a fraction of the
investment require in the ill-conceived
Sishen-Saldanha operation, was turned
down by government. And overlooking
the presence in PE of an infrastructure
that once served half the country’s
motor industry requirements and was
now facing steady declines in capacity
utilisation, government located a diesel
engine plant at hugely greater expense
in the dunes of Atlantis.

The next major opportunity to boost
employment in a centre which govern-
ment claims enjoys the highest priority
in terms of its regional development
programme is the location of a refinery

fo convert gas into oil. —

With precedent firmly on their side,
PE sceptics have ruled out the remotest

. chance that investments of this order

will be channelled to Cinderella City.



JPRS*S8A~85411
“lll
12 November 1985

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROPOSED

Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 3 Oct 85 pp 6, 10

[Erticle by Moses M. Zinneh]

Lexi]

«f frankly feel that the ‘main reason why the growth

of food production in Africa hes dropped is simply that
we, as Africans, have ignored the: field of. agriculture,
And, the sooner we realize that in this world food comes
first, the sooner we will be able to do something mean-

ingful.”

Indeed these words of
John Malecela, who was
(Chairman of the 1978
Arusha Conference on the
Regional Food Plan for
Africa, have proved to be
prophetic for Liberia. The
development of agricul-
ture + food production in
particular - is now one
of the major concerns of
Liberia and most African
countries. If the question
were simply if agriculture
is important to national
development, the answer
would certainly be in the
affirmative, Without: food
people perish, One needs
to only be reminded of the
thousands of people that
die annually of hunger in
Africa and other parts of
the world to appreciate
the importance of agricul-
ture in national develop-
ment.

As on egriculturist, I
have deemed it most im-
portant to share my views

26

es well as. provoke dis-
cussion on the issue of
self-sufficiency in food
production in Liberia .-
en issue which most poli-
ticians and citizens dis-
cuss very loosely in pub-
lic speeches and pronoun--
cements as if it were
something having . quick-
tixed solutions.

SOME PAST EXPERIENCES

Why has so much disap-
pointment’ resulted from
programs of food self-suf-
“ficiency in Liberia? Per-
haps. a brief review: of
some past experiences may
give us some clues,

From as far back as the
early sixties up to date;
the Government of Liberia
has continued to place ma-
jor emphasis on agricul-
tural development as an
important. factor in its
development strategies.
The underlying assumption
is thet egricultural de-
velopment can serve as a
vital springboard for the

LIBERIA



JPRS“SSAug 54] 11
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

INTERNATIONAL IMAGE PLAYS IMPORTANT ROLE IN NATION'S FUTURE

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 13 Oct 85 p 25

[Article by Darryl Phillips]

[Text]

PARAMOUNT to the future of South Africa will b
financial and political, in the outside world.

Carefully orchestrate
actions by major foreig

d sanctions campai;
in banks and

image rather than purely economic factors, -

We have to make our in|
possibly can in an attemp
The first way to tackle this is to
both a first and third world coi

world economy in a third world environment.

In the context of our’ |

ublic relations this is
Elatantly apparent.
On the one hand we try

agtetket our sew im.”
age” mu: a major con- -
cern, Let us have a look at
our public relations perform-

do not hurt us as much
and at the nub of the

ternational public relations pro,
t to resto

corporations

re some vestige of in|
consider the unique problem of South
untry. We have been trying to

Misleading

Such calculations are

Id Press ance in the past. hardly the point. That 6,2 per-
with "all tthe trappings of Too often, we attempt to cent of Scuth ‘Atviea’s fond
Press freedom and public Whitewash situations and so surface _freompasses mst
accountability this entails. « Tn the notorious Rubicon major urban centres and a

On the other, the Govern-
ment limits Press freedom
and free flow of information.

g the most widely tele-
ised exposure ever given a
single individual in our his-

considerable portion. of its
: Population,
en this number is mis-

e its standing, both

as private
problem lies

‘amme as viable as we
rnational credibility.

Africa as

run a sophisticated first

‘leading, whatever its quan-
‘One cannot have a little ors, the President trled tp tum, The facts of the matey
Press freedom just as one , minimise the impact of the ‘are that a state of emer;
cannot be half pregnant. -. state of emergency by refer- exists in South Africa and at.
‘The result is that foreign - ring to it as “the ‘partial ‘tempts to minimise it strain
countries do not know how emergency in less han it : edullty. it
us. percent of the may . wonder the term
take Uistricts of the RSA” ret

Are we a third world’
banana dictatorship, or are
we a fully fledged member of

In a speech some three
weeks later, the Minister of

state of emergency had to be
used at all, given its emotive

and negative connotations,
the sophisticated first world ' Law and Order told us thet nd Hf the ten .
(in which case we probably only 62 percent of South Ate ures could have boon boltey

deserve the criticism)?

ca’s land surface was under

communicated,

‘Once we have decided how ' the state of emergency. ‘Asudden and harsh TV aj
Tehuyatoset ourselves teat. “pearance by the State Pra
ve -
Istie objectives as to the kind a nothing to allay

of society we would like to
attain, ‘And these objectives
have to be communicated.

85

fears both internal and exter-
nal.



JPRS*SSA“85~111
12 November 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

NEW AIRLINE SERVICE--Kaduna--Nigeria Airways is to start operating
private airlines to Gusau, Katsina, Minna and Bauchi, the
Minister for Transport and Aviation Brigadier J. Useni has said. Brigadier
Useni said when he paid a courtesy call on the Governor of Kaduna State,
Major Abubakar Umar at Government House Kaduna yesterday that the plan

was to further enhance air travel in the area. The minister requested the
governor to direct the state Water Board to supply water to the new Kaduna
International Airport. Responding, Major Abubakar Umar appealed to the
Federal Military Government to extend railway lines from Kaduna to Katsina
because of the havoc being done to our roads by the movement of billet

to the steel rolling mill in Katsina. [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in
English 28 Sep 85 p 16] [Article by Aliyu Modibbo]

BORDER DISPUTES ON INCREASE--The Military Governor of Bauchi, Lt.-Col. Chris
Garuba, has expressed concern over the increasing rate of border disputes
between emirates and districts in the state. Exchanging views with the

Emir of Bauchi, Alhaji Mohammadu Manga in continuation of his familiarisation
tour of the state, the governor said that boundary disputes strained the
relationship between emirs and chiefs and had often led to violent

clashes resulting in deaths. He said that there were numerous cases of
border disputes in the state and expressed disappointment that traditional
rulers had not been able to effect the settlement of such disputes. [Text]
[Enugu DAILY STAR in English 28 Sep 85 p 16]

BORDER OPENING CONFERENCE SCHEDULED--Ministers from Benin, Ghana, Nigeria
and Togo will meet in Lagos early next month to work out plans for
re-opening Nigeria's land borders, a member of Nigeria's Armed Forces

Ruling Council said in Accra on Wednesday. Naval Commander M. Nyako was
speaking at a Press conference after delivering a message to Ghanaian leader
Flight-Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings, Radio Ghana, monitored in Abidjan reported.
He said the Lagos meeting will also discuss military matters. All four
countries agreed earlier this year to cooperate on security and combating
crime. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 4 Oct 85 p 1]

80


JPRS*SSA“85~111
12 November 1985

Effectiveness Praised
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 2 Oct 85 p 1

[Text] The seminar on National Military Service (NMS), and organization
of the Territorial Militia wound up yesterday.

Reports on the second round of the NMS and on organization of the Territorial
People's Militia were presented at the seminar attended by commissars

and deputy commissars of all administrative regions, representatives of

the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of National Defence, the Revolutionary
Police as well as of mass organizations.

The participants of the seminar discussed and exchanged views on the
basis of the reports, including on measures to be taken to correct lapses
and mistakes.

Closing the seminar, Comrade Maj. General Siyum Makonnen, member of the

CC of the WPE and Head, with the rank of Vice-Minister, of the Military
Commissariat. in the Ministry of Interior, said that the Military Commissariat
was effectively discharging the responsibilities entrusted upon it,

The participants of the seminar later visited an exhibition on subjects
related to the NMS and the territorial militia,

/12828
cso: 3400/244



the country's per-capita consumption in 1978-1980 was 1,891 calories and 38.4
[illegible] grams of proteins, instead of 2,500 calories and 100 grams of
proteins necessary for normal life. Malnutrition and the severe shortage of
proteins in general, including those of animal origin, had a negative effect
on the population's health.

On the basis of joint production organization, the rural population, rallied
in the communal villages, has the opportunity to improve its cultural living
standard, to make use of the achievements of culture, modern science, and
medicine, and to give its children an education in keeping with this modern
century.

In addition to the material and cultural problems, the changes in agriculture
are aimed at radically reorganizing the productive life of the vast peasant
masses. Today, the peasant in the family sector is helpless as he faces na-
ture and uses rudimentary work equipment; this is why he cannot increase the
cultivated area without mechanical production equipment and a sufficient num-
ber of draft animals, nor can he apply modern agricultural technology on his
small piece of land; by the same token, he cannot increase and diversify his
output and is restricted to the production of the means of subsistence and, in
some cases, a small surplus. He cannot increase his labor productivity with-
out the use of modern machinery, selected seeds, chemical fertilizer, pesti-
cides, irrigation, pure-bred cattle, etc., and is forced to continue the way
of life that was characteristic to his forebears for past centuries. The
daily manual and exhausting work of today's peasant, inherited from the past,
does not and cannot give him satisfaction in moral or material terms. There
is a growing gap between reality, such as it exists in the family sector's
small-scale economy and the possibility the peasants can derive from the
application of the gains of science and modern technology which often facili-
tate his work and which would make it more attractive and more efficient.
While a peasant in the family sector is now in a certain way accustomed to
working under such working conditions, his sons and daughters, educated in the
schools, will need new working conditions, new living conditions that will be
characteristic of the new times.

Looking ahead to the future a little bit, many sons of farmers will leave
agriculture and constitute the working class in the cities, turning their
backs on the rest of the farmers whose numbers will have shrunk; those farmers
will have the task of increasing the output of food products and raw materials
for the growing working class and industry. Extrapolating the existing situa-
tion in the family sector to the near future, it becomes evident that, without
profound changes, it cannot accomplish the tasks that will arise. This situ-
ation will become an obstacle to the country's subsequent development because
the level of produced product sales is low. Here is an example. In 1983, the
country's agriculture produced 291,000 tons of corns, including 249,000 from
the family sector or 85 percent. In that same sector, 24,900 tons were sold,
in other words, 10 percent of the quantity produced. The respective statis-
tics for rice are 85,000, 43,000, 68 percent, 1,500, and 3.5 percent. . The
main body of the country's labor force is now employed in the family sector
and that sector in 1983 produced 85 percent of the corn, 66 percent of the
rice, 100 percent of “mapira" [a grain], beans, cassava, 85 percent of the

50



JPRS“SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT REVENUE UP, SPENDING DOWN
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 Oct 85 pl

[Article by John Tilston/

[ext] GOVERNMENT revenues are up 24%

/12851
cso:

on last year’s levels while spending has
been brought into line, according to fig-

ures published in the Government Ga-

zette.

In‘the first six months of the fiscal
#34, central government spent

16,01bn, which amounts to 50,9% of
revised spending estimates for 1985/86.
of R31,458bn,

Finance Minister Barend du Plessis
warned in his budget speech in March
that spending in the first few months of
the year would be higher than the aver-
age for the year.

Revenue collected in the first six
months totalled R14,12bn, 24% higher
than in the corresponding period last
year, but marginally under 50% of bud-
geted revenue for the full year.

However, in March, the last month in

: the financial year, the fiscus usually re-,
ceives higher tax receipts than in other
months,

In addition, revenue is likely to be*

‘boosted further this year by higher tax

payments from the mining sector, as.

producers benefit from high rand prices
of their metals, especially gold.

} GST collections on consumer spend-
ing will improve on the back of pre-
: Christmas spending. And while current
:company profits may be depressed, it
:mow seems certain that revenue will
,exceed budgeted amounts this year.

} The financial authorities did not have
‘to resort to any deficit spending during
the month and in fact put more money
Anto the market than they withdrew,
which is in keeping with’ the desire to
ibring interest rates down.

"The exchequer account reveals that

foreign loans worth R64m were repaid.

«during September, the first month in

3400/27%

92

. GOVERNMENT FINANCES
ae 985/86 FISCUS TO DATE

. LJ
3.2 /EXPENDITURE. |
N .

L
7

APR MJ oJ

which the moratorium applied.

So far this fiscal year R347m in
foreign loans have been repaid. No
foreign credits or loans were raised dur-
ing the month. The total raised in the
* year so far is likely to remain constant
at 227m ($87m at yesterday's exchange ;
rate)

e figures also suggest that a capital

i market issue, maturing in 1994 with a

. pominal coupon rate of 15%, worth

‘5m, was placed exclusively with the
Public Debt Commissioners.

Most government departments’

spending seems to be under control, but

"a number are in danger of overshooting.
The biggest chunk of an allocation has
been spent by the department of Agri-
cultural Economics and Marketi ing
which has spent 71% of its budget

#SR578m. ;

: Other government services such as
the police, the department of defence
and the prison service have all spent

| more than 50%, but at this stage are still
under the 60% mark.



BABANGIDA CRITICIZES COUNTER-TRADE AGREEMENTS

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 28 Sep 85 p 1

[Text]

/12828
cso:

THE President, Major-
General Ibrahim Baban-
gida, has criticised
counter-trade agree-
ments entered into by
the previous administra-
tion.

He said that most of the
things Nigeria purchased
under the counter-trade
agreement during the last
Military regime. were consu-
mer items tike milk, sugar
and rice.

General Babangida who
hinted at the Federal Govern-
ment’s present position on the
issue of counter-trade on
Monday, said that Nigeria's
engagement in counter-trade
may yet continue but will be
for projects that are very vital

3400/232

to the economic development
of the country.

He said that this time around,
the government would continue
the trade on vital projects like

ical or even develop-
ment of power but certainly not

on consumer goods. .
Asked what the. Federal
Government was doing on i
licences issued against the
counter-trade agreement deals
with some countries but later
recalled, the president explained
that such action was more or less
whereby Contacts re ed
were
and contractors later called to
Fenegotiate some of the terms.
He said that government's re-
cent action in setting up a panel
to look into the issue of counter-
trade was to determine “‘whether
this time around, some of these
things are necessary.”

71

JPRS“SSA+85+111
12 November 1985

NIGERIA



JPRS*S8A485411)
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MACHEL'S U.S. VISIT SEEN AS TRANSFORMING RELATIONS
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Sep 85 p 8
[Commentary: "From Presidents to Friends"]

[Text] In 1983, when Samora Machel decided to hold an open dialogue with the
Pretoria government, terminating in the signing of the N'komati Accord in

March of the following year, he realized that he would be confronted, sd to
speak, with criticism from all of black Africa. But he did so proving that,

to him, the interests of his country took precedence over ideologies and
regimes. And when he began to understand that it was in the direction of the
West that those interests were beginning to point, he did not hesitate to

raise, not his fist, but rather his hand, in a first gesture. of f8iendship toward
Washington. The official visit which, at Ronald Reagan's invitation, has just
been paid there and which is ending today, came following a gradual reinforce-
ment in those relations during the past 3 years; 3 years which have, concurrent-
ly, been marked by an increasing dissociation from his previous stringently
Marxist policy in exchange for another much more pragmatic one, aimed in the
direction of recovering the country's impoverished economy.

As a high-ranking American official claimed, the Mozambican president has,
during this entire process, proven to be "extremely cautious." For example,
although not "dismissing" the Soviets established in Mozambique 10 years ago,
he informed them that they had not accomplished what Mozambique had expected
of them and that, therefore, it was time for the Mozambican Government to start
turning its attention to other areas.

The fact that Washington placed particular emphasis on this first visit by

the Mozambican leader is proven by the extremely heavy schedule that filled

it, particularly with regard to talks on various levels, from the president

to congressmen, including senators. In fact, the latter is the most critical
sector for Samora Machel, inasmuch as it contains, in its most conservative
and particularly anticommunist group, the real support that RENAMO [Mozambique
National Resistance] has in the States. Reagan himself, despite his unswerving
anticommunism, has not been spared the epithet "traitor" attributed to him for
having allowed the Mozambican president, an avowed Marxist, to be invited.

Obviously, the problem of the country's internal guerrilla movement was omni-
present throughout this visit, most especially in the talks between the two

32



“As for the rest, all indications, even the surface data, point to that. The
fact is that the gas escaped from a depth of a little more than 30 meters
which is considered to be rather superficial and also because the machine that
drills that hole was working only 80 meters away and had already finished
another drillhole at a depth of 250 meters and there was no new occurrence of
this kind."

Engineer Saraiva also reported that gas samples have already been taken out
for a detailed analysis. He then added:

"This careful handling is part of our work ethic and methodology. An
analysis is mandatory."

Swamp Gas Has No Economic Value

Engineer Arsenio Mabote, of the National Hydrocarbons Enterprise, in turn
explained the formation of gas, saying:

“This type of gas can occur anywhere and here this is even more natural since
we know that the area is extremely humid and rich in vegetation. This vegeta-
tion is decomposed gradually, in successive layers, and that creates the gas
which is released when the mass is stirred up. It is of no interest from the
economic viewpoint."

Here, then, are the explanations given by the engineers about this event
which, after it became known, and after the news spread rapidly, caused a
sensation.

In Mozambique, petroleum is the hope in which the government is investing in
the country's North, Center, South. We keep hoping for big news and this is
perhaps why the small fires in Gaza became enormous conflagrations. This
time, petroleum was not found accidentally while engineers were looking for
water.

A petroleum engineer also told us that petroleum is not being found today
practically in the earth's crust, as in the case of the Magula drillhole, at
least in amounts permitting profitable exploitation. The big sheets of "black
gold" which are currently being worked are at a depth of more than 3,000
meters.

5058
CSO: 3442/12

44



JPRS*SSA*85~111
12 November 1985

tons to 23,665; Frozen vegetables almost doubled from 7,742 tons to 14,638;
Venison, up from 825 tons to 1,290. The spokesman said main refrigerated
exports remained citrus and deciduous fruits, with 36% and 40% of the total
respectively. There had also been "promising" experiments in the export of
Transvaal bananas, while fruit_juice concentrates and pulp had both grown.
Ly pena Furlonger/ [fext7 /Jonannesburg ‘BUSINESS DAY in English 22 Oct 85
pe ~

COAL, PARAFFIN SALES--Domestic gas consumption has given way to the cheaper
paraffin and coal as a consequence of price increases totalling about 31%

this year. "The steady decline of the rand against the dollar has been direct-
ly responsible for a 60% price increase in liquefied petroleum gas over the
past four years," said Easigas marketing manager Harry Orchison. Blacks, the
major consumers of gas for domestic purposes, have turned away from gas and
electricity to paraffin and coal. However, Orchison believes this trend will
be reversed when economic conditions improve. Mark Johnson, promotions manager
for Cadac, which sells gas appliances and paraffin stoves, confirms the trend
towards paraffin. Electrification of the towmmships has not had the expected
poor effect on the use of optional sources of energy, Johnson says. Coal
stoves are still the main way of cooking for most black families. [ext]
/Sohamesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 Oct 85 p 5/

PROPERTY PRICES--Political instability in South Africa is having a major influ-
ence on property values. So says Robin Roper, newly appointed manager of the
valuations division of the Standard Bank-backed property company, the

Property Partnership. "Whereas economic factors have in the past been the major
determinants of property values, political instability is now playing havoc
with these traditional forces," he says. Mr. Roper says a valuer's job is to
interpret the market, using sound, universally acknowledged principles. When
valuing an office block, for example, the valuer would consider its location,
existing lease terms and expected yields. "One analyses what the market has
paid historically, what it is paying today and what the projected income will
be. "With the unstable political situation in this country, long-term predic-
tions are now more difficult to make and the traditional approach is taking a
pack seat," says Mr Roper. He says a trend towards more conservative values is
evident. "Property has in the past been a safe form of investment with a vi-
prant market where the entrepreneur featured prominently. "This has changed,
and it is the institutions that are now in the front line trying to peer
through the present murky waters into a long-term future. "Their approach

is far more cautious and the political unrest and instability have caused

this conservatism." /Text7 /Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English
20 oct 85 p 327

TELEVISION CREW IN CUSTODY--Cape Town 24 Oct SPAP--Several overseas television
crews were taken into custody in the Bo-Kaap this morning when police were
busy asking a large crowd of school children in the area to disperse. Most

of them did so, SABC radio news reported. Roads in the vicinity of coloured
schools in the Zonnebloem area have been closed due to disturbances in them.
[text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0949 GMT 24 Oct 85 MB]

113



exploitation of the peasant masses and in the implementation of the slogan:
“The land belongs to him who works it.”

But why are we talking about the objective need for agricultural changes in
the Mozambican rural areas? There are many reasons for this and, as we see
it, the main reasons are as follows.

Without the organization of collective production, on a large scale, moreover,
the country cannot effectively use its main source of wealth and national
asset--the land--as an essential means of production in agriculture.

The People's Republic of Mozambique is one of the world's few countries to be
well supplied with land although at the same time the land use rate is low.
It suffices to say that, according to data supplied by the 1970 agriculture
survey, land for agricultural use and nature protection occupied only about 15
million hectares or 19 percent of national territory. Out of this arable
land, areas with permanent crops and pastures, in other words the land that
feeds the country, constitute about 5 million hectares or less than 10 percent
of the area that can be cultivated. At the same time the country has 52.8
million hectares of as yet unoccupied land which however can be used for
farming; that area constitutes 66 percent of the country's total surface.
Only 0.4 hectare of land is being used per-capita in Mozambique for agricul-
tural purposes, while in the future it will be possible to use more than 5
hectares. By way of comparison, almost the same cultivated area on a per-
capita basis (0.3-0.6 hectare) is used in the economically developed coun-
tries, but at an extremely high level of intensity in terms of exploitation
and with a per-hectare harvest yield which greatly exceeds this country's
figures. Mozambican soil has been waiting for man--that intelligent and
concerned peasant. .

The weather conditions and the land, the existence of many rivers and lakes--
these make it possible to organize modern agriculture in the country, such as
it is necessary to supply the population with food and to supply the country's
industry with raw materials and stop almost all import of food products. It
can and must regain its position on the world market and step up the export of
farm products in order to earn foreign exchange which is so necessary for the
reconstruction of the existing sectors and the creation of new branches in the
national economy. On the basis of the stocks accumulated in agriculture, it
is now possible to move forward to the country's industrialization and to the
creation of new jobs, as well as the strengthening of the country's economic
independence. But organizing modern agriculture in the broadest sense of this
word, based on the existing family sector, is impossible. This is why agri-
cultural changes, the radical reorganization of the family sector, in which
the majority of the country's population is employed, is becoming the main
thrust of the further development of the entire national economy.

The changes are also aimed at developing an agriculture that will be well
balanced in terms of its branch-by-branch composition, suitable for diversi~
fying production and for producing the necessary quantity of products and
improving the diet. According to UN data ("1983 Third World Guide,” p 47),

49



JPRS+SSA*85+111
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

EDUARDO ARAO PRAISES EFFORTS OF CARBOMOC ENTERPRISE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] Governor Eduardo Arao praised the efforts expended by the workers of
CARBOMOC [Mozambique National Coal Enterprise] in combating famine. The leader
of Tete Province voiced this praise at the end of a visit that he paid to that
enterprise's collective farm, an area extending for 30 hectares, completely
green with various crops.

Eduardo Arao visited the CARBOMOC workers'. farm during the course of a working
tour of the Moatize. district, where he attempted to procure information on the
progress of the province's various development programs and, in particular, on
the action to combat the armed bandits.

In Moatize, the governor of Tete visited various sectors of the state and
private areas and, in connection with the private producers and those in
the family sector, he recommended the planting of fruit trees, citing the
need to try to grow rice on their land.

The recommendation for rice production on the state and private sector farms
resulted from the observation that growing that grain could have positive
results on much of the land in Moatize, an example of this being the farm of
the CARBOMOC state enterprise.

Eduardo Arao expressed appreciation for the.work done by some private farmers
and peasants, urging them, however, to strive to expand the growing areas in
every agricultural campaign and to start raising animals of small species

as a means of contributing to the raising of the quality of the population's
diet.

The government claimed that the raising of small animal species would help
greatly to improve the diet of the. population, because the drought is still
being felt with some degree of severity.

Priority for Family Sector

With a view toward ensuring agricultural production in the city of Tete, the
family sector was determined as a priority in the development of the green

45



/12828
cso:

3400/234

ing Group, Kaduna:
Wing Commander J.A.
Akawo, Commander,
National Air Defence
Corps, Ikeja, Wing
Commander J.A.
Alagbe, Commander
Regiment Training

- School, Jos and Wing

Commander J. Uku,
Group Captain Opera-
tions Headquarters.

The statement signed
by the. Director of Air
Force Public Relations
Wing Commander Tola
Adediji, said that most
of the postings and ap-
pointments take im-
mediate effect while
others have up to Janua-

ry to assume duties.
(NAN).

74



/12828
cso:

Gavin Relly in Zambia
with the ANC, Mike Rosholt
at the Convention Allia
Chris Saunders among 92;
names in a declaration of in-
tent, Raymond Ackerman in
a deputation to the President
with American businessmen,
Fred du Plessis’s “car with-
out a steering wheel” speech
at Potchefstroom, Anton Ra-
pert through AGM ts,
public statements ant
yate missions to the Presi-

ent.

And in towns across the
country, small traders facing
destruction from the con-
sumer boycotts, calling for:
more rapid Government ac- -
tion towards reform.

What will come from this

~inchoate groundswell? _

‘The delegation that re-*
turned this week is already
working at a definitive
charter or manifesto: a com-
prehensive statement of poll-
tical bellef and ciple to
which it hopes all organised
business and industry will
subscribe, and through which .
it seeks to keep the Govern
ment’s nose to the reformist

rindstone.

‘Tt may not be an easy task:
some of the members of the :
delegation — Assocom is a
example — believe the

ecessive statements in

su

last year are
charter. And they also be-
Heve it should be chanzelled
through the existing business |

ort Eno h bas been sald, j

Now fs time for action,”
observed one Assocom mem-

ber.

‘That Government must in-
crease the momentum Is be- |
yond doubt. ‘

In the face of a wall of |
International scepticism, the
best the businessmen could
plead was “conditional inter-
action”, a slow restoration of
international business in- ;
volvement in South Africa |
conditional on the pace of
domestic reform.

‘The problems confronting
the business community in its
crusade for normality are «
enormous,

Unholy

On the domestic front the
key et group — black
South Africans - remain
highly sceptical. The princl-

Ie of an “unholy” alliance of

state and capitalism is easily
grasped for a community

3400/240

Which has seeii little of the
;-geceptable face of capital-
ism and even less of the Gov-
* ernment’s.
Business’s representation
-to the UN was quite honest
about it: “It is essentially
both self-interest and social
., responsibility which are driv-
Ing the business community
towards active promotion of
the reform process in South-
ern Africa.’

For many blacks, however,
it appears more the formér
than the latter,

‘A second and major prob-
Jem relates simply to credi-
bility. Members of the group
were astonished at the level
of scepticism in international
business communities about
the South African Govern-
ment’s good faith.

Angola, Cabinda, the Cov-
entry Four, the standstill,
Nkomat! have all taken their
accumulated toll. Even hard-
nosed foreign financiers sim-

ly no longer believe a word
retoria says.

‘The South African business

* emissaries were also amazed
at the extent of damage done
by President Botha’s Durban
speech. A common refrain

from foreign businessmen —
crediba

was the
ated by the

“We had even forgotten the
date of that speech,” ob-
served one member of the
group. “But the foreign busi-
nessmen had not.”

Tronically, one of the more

’ encouraging indications
stemmed from the shock the
international business com-
munity experienced at find-

the fragility of the South
an economy.

The lesson for them was
that further pressure would
only serve to slide the coun-
try down the slope of a stege
economy; the long-term im-
plteations of that being chaos

the region and a severe
setback for the West's geo-
political and economic inter-

ests.

With that perception, then,
| the role of South Africa’s new
*, ambassadors-by-default be-

comes even more vital.

ity crisis cre-

84

‘August 15


adopted on the central level, to prevent certain irregularities," commented
Domingos Parafino Roque, chief of the Gaza recruitment center, the site where
the documents of the youths joining from the city of Xai-Xai are put in order.

Discussing the specific advantages of the current recruitment, the subject of
our interview reported, "There are many youths residing in this city who were
recounted in other provinces and whose location for recruitment purposes was
considered impossible, because some of them did not comply with the instruc-
tions and action stipulated by law for purposes. of moving," thereby hampering
the process of their being called for SMO [compulsory military service].

He then added that, in order to surmount this difficulty, all youths between
18 and 30 years of age, regardless of whether or not they have been recounted
in this city, must appear at the recruitment center.

At one point, Domingos Roque remarked: "During this first phase, locally
regarded as experimental, we are also observing the principle of not incorporat—
ing teachers, those married before January of this year, workers with specific
responsibilities and those over 30 years old."

There Is Not Even Time to Eat...

The flow of youths to the Gaza recruitment. center for incorporation is such that
the local officials "don't even have a minute for lunch."

By way of example, during the first 2 days after this work began, over 500 youths
were incorporated, in an effort which started at 0730 hours and lasted until 1800
hours.

When asked to comment on the situation, Domingos Parafino Roque remarked: "Under
normal conditions, work of this 'size’ is done taking over a week."

There is no doubt that the youth of this province, especially from the city of
Xai-Xai, is responding in a worthy manner to the fatherland's appeal.

Estevao Joshua Macamo, aged 60, a resident of the Marien N'Gouabi Communal
District and the father of Alfredo, one of the youths recently incorporated into
the ranks of the FAM/FPLM, told our reporter the following:

"I am happy to have a son in our army. Although it may be indirectly, I think
that I am participating in the liquidation of the BAs. [armed bandits]. It is
hard to be older; I would like to be there personally. Besides, I have another
son who has been a soldier for over 5 years. If it weren't for my advanced
age...."”

Work Extended to the Districts
During this second half of the month, the work to incorporate youths into the

fatherland's defense is being extended to this province's eight districts,
noteworthy among which are Bilene, Chokwe, Chibuto and Xai-Xai.

39



SHARP RISE IN BALANCE OF TRADE REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Oct 85 p 25

[text]

“SOUTH Africa” ‘re

corded a favourable
trade - balance of
R8 521-million in the
first nine months of
this year, according to
Government _figures
released in - Pretoria
yesterday.

Preliminary _ statistics
from: the Commissioner
for Customs and Excise
indicate that by the end of
September, exports total-
led R25 633,3-million and
imports R17.112,3-mil-
lion.

The trade balance at
the same time last year
stood at R2 005,7-million.

The import and export
figures have been adjust-
ed to bring them into line
with the requirements for
the compilation of the
balance of payments, says
the statement.

A breakdown of world
trading zones showed that
Europe remained South

12851
cso: 3400/274

Africa’s largest trading
partner.

Exports totalled
R6 488,9-million, —com-
pared with R4 804,2-mil-
lion in the same period
last year; while imports
totalled R8 022,8-million
(R6 992,6-million).

Asia was South Africa’s
second largest export
partner with a total of
R3 720,6-million
(R2 394,4-million).

” ‘These were followed by
America, with R2 518,9-
million _(R1 773,5-mil-
lion),- Africa with
§R663162-million

million) and Oceania,
with R171,1-million
(R137,4-million).

After Europe, Ameri-
can imports rated second,
with R2 706-million
(R3 045,7-million).

Asia was next with a
total of R2 449,9-million

.(R2 986-million), _fol-

lowed by Africa with

109

JPRS“SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

R322,9-million (R310,8-
million), and Oceania
with R217,3-million
(R222,8-million).

Other unclassified
goods and balance of pay-
ments adjustments total-
led R11 523,9-million for
exports | (R8 083,6-mil-
lion), and R3 393,4-mil-
lion for imports
(R2 320,5-million).

Ships and aircraft
stores exported totalled
R38,7-million (R25,4-mil-
lion).

Other official figures.

show that year-on-year
consumer price inflation
rose slightly to 16,56 per-
cent in September after
rising to 16,36 percent in
August.

This followed a month-
ly rise in the all-items in-
dex (base 1980) of 1,12
percent to 197,8, after a
1,03 percent increase to
195,6 in August.



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized dr extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
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Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



GROSS INCOME OF FARMERS INCREASED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 20 Oct 85 pl

JPRS*SSA*85«111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

oa Ciaran Ryan:. "Farmers' Gross Income Leapt Despite The Drought,

FARMERS’ income in-
creased by 24,4% to R9,4-bil-
lion in 1985 over the previous
year despite the drought, ac-
cording 'to the annual
of the South African Agricul-
tuial Union (SAAU).
However, the total debt
burden of agriculture is a
similar figure — R9,49-bil-
lion, an increase of 28% over.
the previous year.
ie ability of farmers to
repay their debts fell dra-
matically between 1983 and
1984. Their debt burden as a
proportion of net farming in-
come was slashed from an
Amiex of 1 001:in 1983 to 570 in

More than 30% of the total
lending to, farmers last year
came from commercial

banks, 23% from the co-oper-_
‘ atives ‘and 20% from the.
+, Land and Agricultural Bank.

Farmers’ short-term debt
as a proportion of total debt
was 54,8% in 1984 compared
with only 28,6% in 1970.

Grain farmers have the
highest gearing in the agri-
cultural sector, Maize pro-
duction in 1985 was 7,4-mil-
lion tons compared with 4,4-
million in 1984.

However, the financial po-
sition of maize farmers was
not improved due to the fact
that no maize price increase
was granted by the Govern-
ment this year, and a maize
surplus of up to 1,5-million
tons will have to be exported,

vat a loss.

3400/274

-” Expenditure on interme-

diary goods and services .

amounted to R3,99-billion in
the 1984/5 season, which is
11,5% more than the previous

ir, However, the expendi-
ure on capital goods in
1984/85 decreased by 8,3% to
‘R858,8-million from R936,6-
million, *

On the other hand, expen-
diture on maintenance and
repairs in 1984/85 was

2,8-million — 8,4% more
than in the previous year.

The SAAU report says that
the decrease in expenditure
on capital goods “may be at-
tributed to poor economic

‘and agricultural conditions”,

‘The value of agricultural

oducts exported amounted . ©

more than R25,4-billion in

—1984, an increase of 23% over,
1983. The total value of agri-*

: cultural exports in 1985 is
likely to exceed this amount,

Farmers are getting a@

“ smaller slice of the end con-

sumer price for their pro--
duce. In 1985 farmers were
paid only 46,9% of the con-
sumer price compared with
49% in 1983, indicating that
middlemen are swallowing
up an increasing share.

of food increased by
during 1984/85 in sp!

‘on certain basic foods.
In general

ql Tes
7 pert concludes, agriculture in *

3A did not experience a boom |
time, yet it can be regarded .
as a good sign that the
1984/85 season was
than 1983/84,

-._ The consumer price index
al
0,7 ite ,
of the abolition of sales tax


The provincial director of construction and water spent nearly a month visiting
the district of Manjacaze, heading a brigade from the provincial government
which was commissioned to check the degree of fulfillment of the territorial
programs in Gaza.

2909
cso: 3442/15

62



ideological, scientific, technical, and material foundations were laid for the
transition to the socialist revolution or socialism as such.

The construction of socialism calls for profound changes in society's social
life and in all branches of the national economy. These changes are coming
about during the period of socialist orientation and during the period of
transition from capitalism to socialism which covers a certain interval of
time.

One of the general laws governing the construction of socialism is the
achievement of gradual socialist changes in agriculture, so oriented as to
establish socialist production relationships--that vital branch of the
national economy. In the practical implementation of this law, each of the
countries following the socialist way takes into account its own specific
particular features, deriving from the initial level of its economic develop-
ment, the class structure in society, the population's activity level and its
location in the country, the level of its political and social awareness, the
existing national wealth and other domestic as well as foreign factors.

Soon after the conquest of independence, the land nationalization law was
proclaimed in the People's Republic of Mozambique and the fourth session of
the People's Assembly passed that law in 1979. The nationalization of the
land formed the political basis of the worker~peasant alliance because, in
this case, both main classes in Mozambican society are united by the social
ownership of the means of production which are important in enabling them to
move forward to the joint goal together. The recovery of the land by the
Mozambican people also means that:

the land ceased to be capital and cannot be purchased, sold, mortgaged, or
pledged;

the political, economic, and social base for the formation of the socialist

sector is created in agriculture and that sector by virtue of its
nature does not differ from the other branches of the national economy};

agriculture can and must be integrated into the national economic planning
system and must develop at corresponding rhythms and in corresponding
proportions.

Therefore, the nationalization of the land created all of the premises
necessary for the radical reconstruction of agriculture, for the commitment of
the peasants to agricultural production ona large scale, and for their active
participation in the construction of socialism. It opened the way to the
implementation of the revolutionary agrarian reform in the rural areas which--
by virtue of its political and economic significance, as V. Lenin said--can be
equated to the political revolution for the conquest of power.

The main tasks of the agrarian revolution consist in the abolition of feudal
and semifeudal production relationships in agriculture, in the elimination of

48



JOBLESSNESS MORE DRASTIC THAN PERCEIVED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 20 Oct 8 pl

[Frticle by Angus. MacMillen/

frext]

EMPLOYERS are put-
ting job vacancies on
hold as they contem-
plate many more
: months of battling with
the bottom line.
One need look no further
+ than recruitment advertising
turnovers in the Star and the
Sunday Times for evidence of
a ‘contiouing downward trend
in the job market. :
‘Add the Rarease in
i wi coloures
oa adian unemployment
this year — black unemploy-
* ment has been high for some
time — and joblessness takes
Set oar ly SS
spect le
realise ny peop!

Recruitment advertising is
a barometer of the state
‘the economy and the num-
* ber of new jobs it is creating
'— and are few and far
between af the moment.
‘Though 1981 can hardly be
used as an accurate yard-
stick by which to ening, job
vacancies —. or at ing, for
‘that matter — the drop in

97

* and news|
in job openings in the past 18

recruitment advertising
since then has been phenom-
In July 1981 the Star and
the Sunday Times carried al-
most 180000 column cénti-
metres of job carrots. In Sep-
tember 1985 te eo ae
newspapers are at
column-centimetre mark. __
The gold boom pushed
many in ‘les to new and

artificial ts, job
Riveriing blag ne exo

t is worrying to job-
seekers, advertising agencies
is the fall-off

months and a comparison be-
tween now and seven years

ago.

‘According to the Standard
Bank’s moving graph which
accompanies this article, job
advertising in the two news-
papers mentioned has halved
since July last year and vol-

» umes are less than at the be-

ginning of 1978.

istered white, coloured
and Indian unemployment
has rocketed this year, and
the Department ‘of Man-

JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

It is for this reason that we would like to appeal to the teachers and hospital
staff to inmediately resume their avowed duties which are of such vital impor-
tance to the commmity. If they do not wish to resume duties, it is only fair
that they present a position statement to that effect, indicating their reasons
for doing so. Otherwise their actions could be linkened to those of a coward
who throws a stone and hides.

State Called To Provide Credit
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 11 Oct 85 pp 1, 6
[Baitorial: "Reading The Signal"7

[Bext, The current disruption of services at the nation's leading hospital
and various public schools as a result of work stoppage by hospital staff and
public school teachers, is a danger signal that deserves urgent attention.

The Head of State must be commended for his personal intervention as a result
of which salary arrears owed government employees are now being processed for
disbursement.

While we hail the Head of State's efforts, however, we venture to suggest that
efforts should be made by the Finance Ministry to work out a more permanent
solution to the problem.

We are by no means oblivious of the acute economic crisis which has been the
main cause of the long delays in salary payments. We are fully aware that the
economic crisis is a deepseated problem which cannot be solved overnight.

However, we are convinced that some remedial measures can be adopted that would
greatly lessen the suffering imposed by the excessive delays in salary payments
and thus reduce, if not completely eliminate the temptation for employees to
resort to strike action.

As we mentioned in an earlier editorial, some arrangements can be made by the
Finance Ministry to have vital items such as food, medical services, and trans-
portation available for government employees during delays in salary payment.
We wish to suggest once more that credit lines should be opened with the LPMC
(for rice and oil), MTA (for transportation) and the various government hospi-
tals (for medical treatment) for the supply of these vital materials and ser-
vices. The mechanics of such a scheme can easily be worked out with the
agencies concerned.

Similarly, we would like to appeal to the Finance Ministry to reduce the
suspense that attends salary payments by regularly giving some indication as to
when employees may expect to be paid. Such information should help the workers,
most of whom earn very meagre salaries, to budget more efficiently and thus be
better prepared to hold out until the next pay day.

22



JPRS“SSA“85*111
12 November 1985

LIBERIA

LABOR PROBLEMS REVIEWED

Teachers Boycott Classes
Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 1 Oct 85 pp 1, 10
[Brticle by J. Gortor Kiazolu/

[fext7 Students attending public schools in Monrovia and its environs had to
return home yesterday when their teachers boycotted classes in demand of their
July and August salary arrears and 1984/85 fiscal year transportation allowance.

Shortly after the boycott yesterday morning, nearly 100 representatives of the
teachers converged at the headquarters of the National Union of Liberia Teach-
ers (NULT) in Jallah Town, Monrovia, where a position statement, signed by 12
officials of the Union, was read by NULT President Saa Phillip Joe.

In the statement, the teachers said "there can be no education in any nation
without qualified teachers and there can be no successful teaching without
attractive and regularly paid salary and suitable condition of service for
teachers."

They said "this being the concern of the teachers in Liberia, it becomes very
expedient at this point in time to address ourselves to the present acute
condition of salary delay confronting the teachers and the condition of service."

The statement said teachers have observed on many occasions the failure to
recognize their importance in national development as evidenced by treatment
given them as regards their condition of service.

"Therefore, we the teachers in Liberia being cognizant of our role in the
nation building process; and seeing the low profile played to the teaching
profession by our immediate authorities which has brought the profession to
the lowest point ever in recent times, seize this opportunity to express our
grievances and reactions to these maltreatments."

Regarding the delay in the disbursement of teachers' salary, the statement said,
the government in an attempt to ensure the viability of the economy and speedy
disbursement of salary cheques, in 1981 launched the National Saving Bond Scheme
and also adopted the 16 2/3 percent salary deduction in 1983, but expressed
regret that, despite these measures, teachers salaries are still not paid on time.

18



/12851
cso:

‘a shatply when It was}
eoreeived ‘nave failed. ii
“vv the very least we are
getting near a short-term toy
‘and correction in the
‘share prices,” :
+” He points out that the buy-:
ing has been local with mini-'
mal overseas interest.
However, an investor look-
“Ing for cover against infla-
“tion over the next year or two
seems to have little choice’
but to invest selectively in
the export stocks, particular- .
Jy on the gold boards, where .
historic dividend yields are
near, and in some cases over
the inflation rate.

Industrial-share prices.
largely. remain at levels
which anticipate heavily the
Tong-expected recovery in
the South African economy.
The dividend yields on offer,
are pathetic.

As far the recov oes"
the message this week from

3400/274

101

Stellenbosch University’s Bu-
reau for Economic Research
{BER) w was: “Don’t hold your

Suffer

The report expects condi-
tions to get worse during the
rest of this year and the first
quarter of next with increas-
ing unemployment and bank-
ruptcies.

A slight recovery in some
sectors is expected in the
second half of 1986, but sales
of durable goods are expect-
‘ed to suffer throughout 1986,

- The BER's Attie de Vries
pointed out this week that
during 1977-78 consumer con-
fidence had taken such a
pounding that it was 18
months before consumers
started to react to the mea-
sures taken by the Fave
ment to stimulate the

nomy.



/12851

cso:

3400/2621

ture in national develop-
ment. If Liberia is to
tind new vitality in food
Production, the attitudes
or value-orientation of
the citizens. {particularly
the youths) towards egri-
culture will have to

changed. . °

+!" QONCLUSION.

The stability of the Se-
cond Republic will = un-
doubtedly ‘depend on agri-
culture, end the sooner
we can realize this the
better, so

1 am of the strong opi-
‘nion that it agriculture
is viewed by all as the
basis for a better life
and the overall develop-
ment of our nation, and
if all of us (that = is,
from the highest official
“to the ordinary citizen’
are convinced of its vital
role, its planning will
become less rhetoric and
become sore action-orien-
ted. we

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Mr, Moses M.. Zinnah is
en Instructor of Agricul-
tural Extension and Acting
Chairmen of the Department
of Agricultural Extension
and Training, College of
Agriculture and Forestry,
University of Liberia. He
holds, @ M.Sc. degree in
Ageicultural Extension
trom the University of
Wisconsin-Madison, USA
(1983) as well as 8 B.Sc.
degree in General Agri-

culture from the Univer-
sity of Liberia (1980)

30



/12851
30: 3400/274

ies

of what is happening in
South ‘Africa the perspec-
tive was completely and
utterly lost,” he said.

“The reality is that not
the whole of South Africa
is going up in flames.
That we have turbulence,
that we have a degree of
unrest, that is true,” he
said.

Reforms
Mr Du Plessis added
that, at the same time, the
country was undergoing
dramatic reforms. “The
impression is created that
this is a total clash be-
tween Blacks and Whites
and it is fundamentally

ugtrug,” he added,
jeisfid Pretoria hoped
to keep inflation next
year to around current le-
vels. Consumer prices
rose 16,56 percent in Sep-

tember.

111

He said- much depen-

“dend on whether increas-

ing demand from the
more lively economy next
year could be concen-

“trated on locally-produc-

ed goods,

“If an increase in de-
mand generates an awful
lot of new imports at this
exchange rate then ob-
viously it will give an
added impetus to infla~
tion,” he added.

Mr Du Plessis said he
was disappointed that the
rand, currently trading
around 38,70 US cents
near its all-time low, had
not rallied further after
the debt standstill was im-
posed at the beginning of
September.

“We look forward to a
more stable and gradually
rising rand,” he added. —
Sapa-Reuter.



the joint raising of small animal species, etc. The collective farms are the
germ of the future cooperatives and their organization has an economic, polit-
ical, and educational significance, although it forces some additional efforts
upon the peasants (in addition to the family farm) which, in the final analy-
sis, will not be useless as far as they are concerned. Very often, these
efforts can make up for the effects of part-time employment in agriculture and
provide additional impetus for the development of monetary and mercantile
relations in the rural areas.

There were 27 collective farms in the Province of Niassa in 1980, consisting
of 668 peasants who cultivated 833 hectares of land. In the Province of
Inhambane the figures were, respectively, 11,523 and 86. In recent times, the
attention devoted to this form has declined for various reasons. I want to
emphasize that, in addition to the collective farms as a form of peasant in-
volvement in the cooperativization process, there are also the precoopera-
tives. We can consider them as an intermediate form between the collective
farm and the agricultural cooperative. Organized on the same basis, the
precooperatives organize the distribution of the yields obtained in proportion
to the work done in collective farm work or, in some cases, in proportion to
the number of family members. They still lack the duly elected management
structures and the internal structures for production and labor which are
necessary to establish permanent in-house accounting. The yields obtained in
the precooperative complete those derived from the family farm, thus raising
the living standard of the peasants. Here the level of labor socialization is
raised, the foundations are prepared for distribution in accordance with work
done, and in going through this form, the peasants acquire habits of common
work and they appreciate its moral value, labor discipline, the need for ade-
quate organization of the collective, and through this a bridge is built to-
ward the institution of the principles of the producer cooperative in reality.

Early in 1980 (although the data are still incomplete), 145 precooperatives
were organized throughout the country. They included 9,558 peasants and the
cultivated area came to 4,535 hectares. The average size of a precooperative
is 65 peasants and 31 hectares of land. There were 16 precooperatives in the
Province of Nampula with a total area of 717 hectares, supported by the work
of 2,034 peasants; in the Province of Inhambane, the corresponding statistics
are 14,692 and 2,843; in Zambezia, they are 14,649 and 1,400 hectares. The
good experience in the organization of the precooperatives is now spreading to
all provinces. It only takes a qualitative step from the precooperative to
the agricultural cooperative. That step can be taken by means of the gradual
application of the principles of the standard charter for the cooperative. In
this case, the work of the government agencies, of the democratic mass organi-
zations, of the state's economic and financial aid associations as well as the
time required constitute the factors which can help the peasants take this
step.

The precooperative contains a modified form of cooperatives on a lower level,

organized in other countries, but geared toward the country's specific
conditions.

54



IMPORT LEVY SEEN HURTING FARMERS

JPRS*SSA*85*111

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Oct 85 p 23

12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article by Madden Cole: “Import Levy Seen As Heavy Blow For Farmers"

Giexs]

/12851

THE ‘introduction of
the 10 percent levy on
certain imported goods
could prove a catastro-
phy for South African
agriculture, says South
African Tractor Manu-
facturers’ Association
(Satma) chairman Ro-
bin Phillips.

Mr Phillips said that
this levy. would lead to
higher inflation with more
farmers going insolvent,
an acceleration in the de-
population of the platte-
land as well as more
unemployment ‘and the
collapse of suppliers of
capital goods to agricul-
ture.

Pointing out that it was
only with a healthy agri-
culture sector that South
‘Africa could rid itself of
its economic problems on
amacro-scale, Mr Phillips
said that Satma failed to

understand why this ad-.

ditional artificial strain
should be loaded on to
agriculture at this critical
time.

“The weak value of the
rand is already acting as
an automatic brake on
imports ‘and has causes
the” prices ‘of imported

cso: 3400/27 .

108

goods to doubie over the
last two years.

“A self-propelled com-
bine harvester selling at
“R65 670 retail in 1981, to-
day costs R160 781, an in-
crease of 145 percent be-
fore adding the 10 percent
surcharge.”

This dampeniag effect
on imports was so effec-
tive that the country’s
stocks of agricultural
capital goods have reach-
ed dangerously low le-
vels, Mr Phillips said.

He pointed out too that
suppliers of capital goods
to the agricultural sector
were under extreme
Pressure as demand for
agricultural implements
had dropped by 50 per-
cent since 1981 and that
sales of tractors had
dropped from 24 862 to
below 7000 in that
period.

“We will have to pass

the’ entire 10 percent on.

to the farmer, because in

“an attempt to keep the

famers and dealers on
their feet, the entire in-
dustry absorbed heavy
losses over the past three
years. But now the purses
are empty,” Mr Phillips
said.


AIR FORCE RANKS TO BE REPRESENTED IN ADVISORY PANEL

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 5 Oct 85 p 19

[Text]

/12828

‘THE Air Officer Commanding
the Logistics Command of the
Nigerian Airforce (NAF), Air
Commodore: Nura Imam, said
that each of the 19 ranks of the

force would be represented on the
military advisory committee to
be set up by the command.

Air Commodore Imam who
was addressing airmen under his
command, said that this was in
keeping with the present ad-
ministration’s open-door policy.

He said that the committee
would include commanders of
units, senior officers, warrant of-
ficers and airmen on the rank of
sergeant and below.

He explained that the commit-
tee would deliberate on the ac-
tions and policies of the govern-
ment and make suggestions
which would be forwarded to the
AFRC through tim.

CSO: 3400/234

Air Commodore Imam said
that the problems of welfare, ac-
commodation and uniforms within
the command would be solved as
soon as possible.

He urged the airmen to show
more devotion to duty and to en-
sure the maintenance and
cleanliness of their barracks
through the planting of trees to
beautify their surroundings.

Air Commodore Imam, who
later held a closed-door meeting
with senior non-commisioned of-
ficers of the command, is ex-
pected to address the senior of-
ficers today.

President Ibrahim Babangida
said last week that the armed
forces and the police should set
up services advisory councils in
their various units to advise the
government. (NAN).

72

JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

NIGERIA



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

LIBERIA

WEEKS CALLS FOR HIRING PREFERENCE FOR NATIONAL BUSINESSMEN
Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 7 Oct pp 12, 10
[Article by C. M. Harris]

[Text] The Managing Director of Liberia United Corporation, Mr. Rocheforte L.
Weeks, Jr. has urged government to institute a policy of giving special con-
sideration to Liberian businessmen before foreign businessmen, by giving
awards to foreign businessmen only when competent nationals are not available.

He further said government must institute a policy allowing for proof or au-
thenticity of Liberian owned businesses, which must be by the control of vot-
ing equity in the case of partnership and also the active involvement of the
Liberian, whether a share-holder or partner, in the management of the enter-
prise as this is necessary to eliminate the possibility of Liberians fronting
for foreigners.

Mr. Weeks was among several representatives from the Liberian Business Caucus
speaking at the week-end at the regular meeting of the Rotary Club at the
Ducor Hotel.

Speaking on the topic "Business Practices and Ethics in Liberia As Same Re-
lates to Marketing and Procurement", he observed that the practice today of
most businesses, most especially businessmen, is to prostitute individuals in
authority and decision making positions in the public sector to effect con-
tracts in their favour.

Mr. Weeks noted that most Liberians in business will not encourage such prac-
tices not only because they lack the necessary resources, as may be thought,

but because of love of country and people which will not in anyway justify a

sellout of the Liberian people's values.

"Foreign businessmen do not care if their actions result in the weakening of
the national economy, because they are quite aware that their stay is transi-
tory. Immediately upon the realization of their ends, which is wealth in the
shortest possible time, they flee leaving our people to suffer due to their
previous manipulation of our public servants", he said.

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24



On another occasion, Deputy Ambassador Charles Lichenstein invited UN members
to close down shop in New York and sail into the sunset. In all honesty,
however, such expressions of disillusionment had made no discernable dif-
ference. The United Nations remains committed to promoting what it calls a
new world order, in information and economy, an order amounting to authori-
tarian socialism worldwide. It remains the most important forum for constant
attacks on western international interests. It sanctions, by a resolution
adopted in 1970, the violent overthrow of sovereign governments and provides
a political base, source of funds, and propaganda organ for Soviet-supported
terrorist organizations.

SWAPO and the PLO have permanent observer status with the right to address
the General Assembly. No freedom fighters from Afghanistan have ever been
heard in the General Assembly.

The United Nations today is ruled not by ideals but by a tyranny of the

majority, a tyranny that substitutes for right the might derived from superior
numbers. It is as Patrick Moynihan put it, a dangerous place.

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90


JPRS“SSA+85*111
12 November 1985

CC of the WPE to withstand and ultimately tackle the problem of drought.

The WPE cadres. from Gamo Goffa region were given a warm welcome yesterday
upon their arrival at Arba Minch town. Similar welcome was given to the
cadres from Hararghe at Harar town, Gojjam, Bahr Dar town, and Bale,

Goba town.

Present at the ceremonies in the four regions were Comrade Kassahun
Tafesse, member of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the WPE
Committee of Gamo Goffa region, Comrade Gezahegne Workie, member of
the CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee of Bale
region, and representatives of the WPE committees of Hararghe and
Gojjam regions.

It was noted at the welcoming ceremonies that the experiences the WPE
cadres had gathered during their stay in Gambella and Metekel in support
of rehabilitation activities would'also contribute to economic and social
construction within their respective regions.

Return to Regions
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 Oct 85 p 1

[Text] Warm welcome was accorded to WPE cadres from Gamo Goffa, Wollo, Arssi,
Sidamo and Hararghe regions upon their return to their home towns on
completion of their duties at’ the rehabilitation sites located at Metekel

and Metema.

The WPE cadres were received in Arba Minch by Comrade Kassahun Tafesse,
member of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee of
Gamo Goffa region, in Dessie town by Comrade Girma Neway, member of the
CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee of Wollo region,
and Comrade Shimelis Alemu, member of the €C of the WPE and the regional
administrator, in Assela town, by Comrade Sileshi Mengesha member of the
CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee of Aresi region,
in Awassa town by Comrade Girma Habte-Gabriel, member of the CC of the
WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee of Sidamo region, and in Harar
town by Comrade Irkihun Folie, chairman of the regional WPE Committee
Audit Commission,

Also in Goba, the first round WPE cadre campaigners from Bale region were
given a warn and enthusiastic welcome on arrival upon the successful
completion of their tour of duty at the Metema and Metekel rehabilitation
centres.

The campaigners were greeted by Comrade Gezahegn Workie, member of the
CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee for Bale region,
along with members and alternate members of the CC of the WPE, regional
WPE Committee members and representatives of government agencies and mass
organizations. They were awarded with flower bouquets,



NEW AIR FORCE ASSIGNMENTS ANNOUNCED

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 5 Oct 85 p 16

[Text]

THE Nigeria Air
Force Headquarters in
Lagos has announced
the re-assignment of
two Air Commodores,

nine Group Captains,:

nine Wing Com-
Squadron Leaders.
Squadrondeaders.

According to a state-
ment by the Air Force,
the former military
governor of Kwara
State, Group Captain
Salaudeen Latinwo
replaces Group Captain
¥.Q. Ajisefinni as Direc-
tor of Administration
while the former incum-
bent moves to Tanzania’
as defence adviser. .

The statement said
that Group Captain M.
Aliyu has been ap-
pointed Director of Per-
sonnel and that Wing
Commander I.M. Ita has
been posted to Kaduna
as Base Services
Organisation Com-
mander.

Wing Commander
B.R. Suara, one-time ac-

ting governor of Kaduna.

State and Base com-
mander, Kaduna, moves
to Makurdi as Ban-
tomeneer while the
Ikoyi_. Base Com-
mander, Wing Com-
mander M.O. Salami has
been posted to Ikeja, as
Base Commander.

The base commander,’

Ikeja, Group Captain
Patrick Ugbana is now

the Director of Supply:

at the Air Force Head-
quarters. Group Captain
E.O. Adeleye has been
appointed Director of
Operations in the
Ministry of Defence and
Group Captain I. Alkali
moves to the post of
Commander, Equipment
Supply Department, Ike-
ja, Lagos.

Group Captain Joseph
Femi takes over as.Com-
mandant of 301 Flying
Training School,
Kaduna while Group

-Captain, J. Mbeka,

becomes Director of
Plans.

Air Commodore C.U.
Ugah, former Deputy

73

JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

NIGERIA

‘Commandant of the
Nigerian Defence
Academy (NDAJ is now
the Director of Opera-
tions NAF, ‘head-
quarters, while Air Com-
modore N.Z. Adama,

former Director of Plans
‘has been re-deployed to

NDA as deputy com- -
mandant.

Other postings are
Wing Commander M.B.
Johnson, Director of
Weapons, and Wing
Commander. E. Ombu,
Deputy Defence Adviser,
Washington: Wing Com-
mander M.O. Ikpeazu,
Commander 207 Wing
Kano, Wing Com-
mander L. Agbebi,
Commander Nigerian
Air Force Station,
Benin.

Also affected are Sqn.
Ldrs. Jim Adun, now
Deputy Defence Adviser
Cairo, J.O. Okoiye,
Commander 201 Wing,
Enugu.

Group Captain R.U.
Emaiku. becomes Com-
mander Military Train-



/12828
cso:

Yola and Song. The differences in
the prices of the food items from
ane market to the other were also
relatively low. :

A bag of maize now costs bet-
ween 25 and 40 Naira in
Nguroore, Girei, Dwarm, Zing,
Guyuk and Fufore markets,
specially on market days.

A bag of millet in same
markets now costs:between 30 and
50 Naira, the early maturing
ariety of sorghum costs between
5 45 Naira and locally pro-
duced paddy rice with short

gestation period costs between 25

and 30 Naira.
A bag of yam flour now costs

between 20 and 30 Naira and a
-bag of rice costs between 25 and

30 Naira in the:southern parts of .

the state.

Prices of livestock are also low
compared with the’ same period
last year.

However, the cost of a bag of.
imported rice is still high in the

Jopen market. A bag which costs
pel 1B

6 Naira from the co-operatives,

cost between 140 and 170 Naira in
the open market.

A bag of semovita and wheat
which costs 6.50 Naira in the co-
operatives, the same bag costs
13.50 and 15 Naira in most of the
markets visited during the
survey.

The prices of tomatoes, pepper,
mions, vegetables and other
locally produced related items
are now cheaper when compared
with prices during the same
period last year. :

In KANO, Yusuf Ozi Usman
reports that a measure of beans
had dropped from 6.90 Naira to
2.50. Naira; a measure of Gari from.

3400/232

JPRS*SSA“85«111
12 November 1985

; 2.30. Naira to 1.50 Naira.
| _ A'tin-of palm oil had drop,
from 60 Naira to 32 Naira but the
prices ‘of guineacorn and wheat
; temain at. 2.50,Naira and: 2,30
ira. :
Prices of maize dropped from
+ 250 Naira to 1.20 Naira: a bag of
: Semovita now sells for between 12
and 13 Naira while a large size of
detergent fell from seven Naira
to 3.50 Naira. :
In JOS, Andrew Orolua reports
that measure of gari, beans and

an flour dropped from 8 to 40

"A mudu of rice fell from 3.50
Naira to 2.50 Naira and that a bot-
tle of palm oil from three Naira to
in afi Ak
‘n Lafia, Akwanga’ and Shen-
Gr ua gen aa
‘obo whi tul yf is
sold for 200 Naira. o yams
tices of processed foodstuff
Tecorded high prices. A bag of
Semovita sells for 12.50 kobo: a
tin of Peak milk, 1.30 kobo and a
large bottle of groundnut oil sells
at qoun Naira.
‘aders told the New Nigeri
fat the fall in prices was eto
, increase in the supply of
Boods to the market. They Said
the “go-back-to-land” call had
helped in the increased produc-
tion of foodstuff.

79



JPRS*SSA“85111
12 November 1985

ANGOLA

MAVINGA RAVAGED BY WAR
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 10 Oct 8p

[Article by Sapa-Reuter/

MAVINGA — Mavinga’s decorative J am & guerrilla leader. I have to com-
fiex 7 rple-blossomed Jacaranda trees are bine politics with military knowledge.
Procmin , but the town itself is an “I am not afraid of anyone. I repre-
empty ell, victim of a 10-year-old sent the biggest tribe in this country (the
African civil war that shows no sign of Ovimbundu)
ending. . Savimbi, who ‘previously fought the
Not far from the overgrown fountain Portuguese colonists, came into conflict
and the shattered buildings of this for- with the MPLA in the Angolan in-fight-
mer Portuguese settlement in south- ing that followed the Portuguese with-
eastern Angola, the bodies of dead sol- drawal in 1975.
diers rot in the sun, crawling with flies He says he is prepared to spend an-
and maggots. other 1 Rises in the bush be cent
‘The sandy earth just outside the town a 's men appear je -
is ‘ honeycombed th camouflaged dent, well-disciplined and highly orga-
bunkers and foxholes, a Unita strong- nised.
hold, - Unita says it numbers 50 000, against
b Jones Savimbi's, South (African. to total tof more than 100000 on the
acl forces recent ited a a
offensive by the cently routed a major Luanda has blamed its recent defeat
ernment, stopping the attackers in their on the intervention of South African alr
tracks on the ba River just north of and ground forces, while Unita soldiers
Mavinga and its vital ai . deny such help and say that they are
But the Unita victory, costing hun- better motivated than the MPLA
dreds of casualties on both sides, does forces, many of whom are conscripts.
not seem to have brought an end to the
civil war any closer. Wreckage
Unita guerrillas can move freely in Unita also ap rs to have made dev-
many parts of this sparsely populated astating use of light and heavy mortars,
country, but the government, supported nding the enemy mercilessly for
by sophisticated Soviet w and jays in the battle at Lomba River and
about 25000 Cuban troops, holds the bringing down at least one Soviet-made
major cities and the crucial offshore oll helicopter gunship as it delivered sup-
. an plies,
sees Among the wreckage of the MPLA’s
Difficulty . vehicles, a charred leaflet of military
Savimbi acknowledges the difficulty orders in Portuguese hints that all may
of an outright military victory for his not be well with the government forces.
Unita forces and says he is trying to It urges officers “to combat theft and
pee the embattled government of the alcoholism” among the troops,
IPLA to negotiate with him. One of Unita’s officers, a 29-year-old
“We need a transitional government - lieutenant who asked to be referred to
... then from there I think we will ask . only as David, said: “It’s much more
for elections,” he told reporters in Ma-, :* eomfortable than life on the other side.”
vinga. “I am not a soldier by profession, —Sapa-Reuter.
/12851
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/

tes

12851
so: 300/274

MAIZE

SUGAR
FUTURES gs i

107



HIGH LEVEL MANAGEMENT CHANGES AT NATIONAL PETROLEUM

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 5 Oct 85 p 24

[Text]

/12828
cso:

MANAGING Director of the
Nigerian National Petroleum
Corporation, Chief Festus
Marinho has been retiret
along: with three general
managers and a manager.

The: retirement which was
the aftermath of a reorganisa-
tion’ announced last
September 18, by the Minister
of Petroleum Resources, Pro-
fessor Tam David-West. af-
the Secretary to the Federal
Military Government, Mr. Grey
Longe.

Chief Marinho served in the
same capacity in 1977 when the
former Head of State, Retired
Major-General Muhammadu
Buhari was Chairman and Com-

3400/235

‘missio:er for Petroleum
Resources.

A memorandum after his
retirement stated that ‘‘with im-
mediate effect, Alhaji A.M.S.
Hashim, is being requested to
take over responsibilities for the
management of the NNPC pen-
ding further announcement on

the return of the minister from
the OPEC" meeting in Vienna.

In a message titled ‘‘retire-
ment in the public interest’ to all
members of staff of the corpora-
tion, Chief Marinho bade them
farewell on. what he called. his
sudden retirement from the

ublic service of the nation with
immediate effect.

Before his reinstatement as
managing director by the govern-
ment of Genera! Buhari last year.
the Shagari government had sent
him on an indefinite suspension in
1981, during the 2.8 billion Naira
NNPC oil probe.

77

JPRS“SSA+85*111
12 November 1985

NIGERIA


'REREL' FARMERS GIVE FREE GREENS TO PUBLIC

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Oct 85 p 10

A GROUP of Witwaters-
rand farmers, known as
the “Rebel Farmers”,
have been giving out free
vegetables to the public
because they have a sur-
phus at present. «

With one outlet in City

Deep and another in
Roodepoort, the farmers
explained that instead of
ploughing the surplus
vegetables back into the
land or having them de-
stroyed at marketlevel,
they had decided to
rather pass them on to the
public.

Ltext]

“Given the current
economic crisis, I think it
is a more appropriate
move to help out the pub-
fic than destroy food,”
said one of the farmers,
Mr John Pedra.

“We're not going to re-
tover our costs for the
vegetables anyway, ‘so
we'd rather see some
people benefiting than no
one at all,” said Mr Pe-
dra.

* Once-off

+ He explained it as “a
once-off thing so that we
can get back to normal
supply and demand situa-
. tions again.”

“There is completely
free enterprise in the sup-
ply and demand of veg-

/12851
cso: 3400/274

etables and this is why we
are able to just give them
away, whereas if we were
subject to a government
board. of control, the
price of vegetables would
probably have. been
pushed up instead,” Mr
Pedra said.

‘The current excess is
mainly due to a drop in
consumer demand
coupled with good grow-"
ing .conditions. There is-
not a surplus of fruit how-
ever, because it is only,
the beginning of the sum-
mer fruit season so it is.in

short supply.

The group of about 15
Rebel Farmers started up
about six years ago when
they statted giving the
public free vegetables off
the back of. their trucks.
“Then again, we were
faced with a surplus and
we decided it was the best
thing to do,” said Mr Pe-

Good reponse

“We received such a
positive response from
the public that we decided
to set up our own perma-
nent outlets where we
could sell vegetables di-
rect from the farms to the
public.”

103

1
i

JPRS*SSA*85~111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

The give-away started
‘at noon yesterday and will

i continue through to Sun-
+ day night. When The Citi-

! zen visited the City Deep
"outlet,

people were
crowding round to get

. their vegetables.

Each person was given
a free cabbage, lettuce,
cauliflower, bunch of car-

+ rots and beetroot. About

4000 people had already
collected their vegetables
in the space of a few hou-
ts.

‘Mr Pedra said that in
addition to giving away
the vegetables, the farm-
ers hoped to make con-
sumers aware that veg-

. etables were in plentiful

supply at present so that
they should watch out for
being overcharged.



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK LEADERS SAID TO ACCEPT MINORITY RIGHTS PROTECTION
MB230531 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2145 GMT 22 Oct 85

[text] Kragbron (Free State) Oct 22 SAPA - All the black leaders with whom
the government had thus far negotiated had accepted the principle that
minority rights would have to be protected in a new political order, the
deputy minister of development and land affairs, Mr Ben Wilkens, said tonight.

The acceptance of this principle was an important breakthrough for the
government searching for solutions on the accommodation of whites, blacks,
Coloureds and Indians in a new political order, Mr Wilkens told a public
meeting in the Escom [Electricity Supply Commission] town of Kragbron. With
the acceptance of this principle, the people had reached a point where they
no longer accepted one man, one vote in a unitary state, Mr Wilkens told the
meeting.

Speaking in support of Dr Willem Odendaal, National Party candidate for the
by-election in the Sasolburg constituency, Mr Wilkens said negotiations with
recognised black leaders on the constitutional future for blacks in South
Africa had progressed very well. None of the leaders of the national states
were prepared to give up their independent or self-governing status and would
rather have more autonomy on the matter of responsibility for their own
affairs, he said.

The minister added that there were some community leaders who had been
identified and had come forward to speak to the government. However, because
of the present unrest situation, it was not in these leaders interests to
have their identities publicised.

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88


Nikolay Grib: The general outlines of agricultural reconstruction on the way
toward socialism were charted in the resolutions of the Third and Fourth con-
gresses of the FRELIMO Party in the documents of the meetings of the party's
Central Committee and the People's Assembly.

“The satisfaction of food needs, the supply of raw materials for the nation's
industry, the export and organization of cooperatives and communal villages
constitute central objectives which must be attained,” it says in the report
of the Central Committee to the Fourth Congress (p 30) and it continues:
“Thus, during the period that separates us from the Fifth Congress activities
aimed at rural development must provide broad support for the cooperative,
private, and family sectors and for the reorganization and consolidation of
the state agricultural sector" (p 34). “The cooperatives deserve special
attention" (p 35). Soon after the proclamation of independence, in an effort
to lay the foundations of socialist producer relationships in the rural areas
and in order rapidly to regain the farm output level under the conditions of
the massive abandonment of the former owners, it was decided to create the
state sector in the country's agriculture within the context of the state
enterprises. Throughout the years of independent development, the state sec-
tor has been expanded and the number of state enterprises reached 122 with a
cultivated area of 225,000 hectares. The dimensions varied from 1.5 [as
published] to 10,000 and more hectares per enterprise. In 1984, this sector
sold about half of the cotton, 54 percent of the corn, 60 percent of the rice,
65 percent of the sunflower seeds, 100 percent of the tea and citrus fruit, 34
percent of the coprah, 58 percent of the sisal, 52 percent of the beef, 66
percent of the pork, 100 percent of the chickens, and 95 percent of the eggs.
Together with the agricultural cooperatives, the state enterprises constitute
the country's socialist agriculture system where the agricultural detachment
of the working class and the cooperativist peasantry are at work, thus in
practice forming the united alliance.

In looking over the situation in the state enterprises at the time of the
Fourth Congress, the Central Committee report states the following: "The
state enterprises have not yet reached the desired levels of organization and
the output and productivity indexes are not satisfactory'(p 31). "The central
task of the state enterprises during this phase is to achieve higher yields
and lower costs so as to upgrade the investments that were made and to turn
the sector into a source for accumulation. It is necessary to define the
limits of responsibility of each enterprise in the light of the results of its
management” (p 35).

On the basis of these guidelines and to provide an incentive for the work of
the state enterprises (and also the other agriculture sectors) and to raise
the level of their economic effectiveness, the cabinet of the RPM [People's
Republic of Mozambique] approved a series of measures to revive the production
and sales circuits in the country (NOTICIAS, 13 May 1985). They are oriented
toward the expansion of the autonomy of the enterprises, the rights of their
managers, and along with this the producer purchase prices are also being
raised (BOLETIM DA REPUBLICA, Series II, No 21, 23 May 1985). This is how the
economic and organization foundations of the work of the state enterprises are

56



NOTICIAS: During the years you spent in Mozambique, you studied some of the
country's. social-economic phenomena and you became an expert on our way of
life. On the basis of your personal experience, what, in your opinion, are
the chief political implications resulting from the agricultural changes that
have taken place in Mozambique?

Nikolay Grib: In addition to the economic and social advantages, there are
political advantages deriving from the nationalization of the farm sector.

The establishment of collective production in agriculture provides an
opportunity for doing away with the exploitation of man by man and preventing
the differentiation of the peasantry into groups of rich and poor peasants,
with all of the negative consequences deriving from that.

Nationalization of the farms is one of the main routes to the transformation
of social relations in society and the creation of the Mozambican nation. As
we know, the main index determining nation status is the common character of
economic life. On that basis, within a people who lives over a long period of
time in the same territory and speaks the same language and finds itself under
the influence of the same conditions of existence, the common features of
national identity are found to take shape. The establishment of the community
of economic life with a national character takes place through the abolition
of the division of the country's inhabitants into groups or tribes and by
means of the establishment of economic, social, and cultural vehicles between
the individuals making up society.

The changes in agriculture are currently taking place in two ways:
creation of state agricultural enterprises;

development of various forms of cooperation and primarily its higher form of
agricultural cooperation.

The experience of the agricultural changes that have taken place testifies
that the state enterprises are being organized above all on the basis of the
old capitalists (foreign and national) sector in agriculture which has been
nationalized by the state. The poor peasants become involved in socialist
construction through agricultural cooperativization, in other words, the
organization of cooperatives in the rural areas.

Avoid Errors That Discredit Cooperation

NOTICIAS: In your theoretical approach to the problem of cooperation among
peasants, you talked about different forms and levels. How do you interpret
the Mozambican experience and what are the characteristics which it presents,
what problems exist here?

Nikolay Grib: During the first few years of independence, parallel to the
establishment of the state sector, cooperation was launched in Mozambique in

52



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

LIBERIA

ALLEGATIONS OF HARASSMENT BY NDPL SUPPORTERS
Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 3 Oct 85 pp 1, 12
[Article by Joseph Too]

[Text] There are alleged reports that the airport in Zwedru, Grand Gedeh
County, has been closed and road transport in the area heavily restrained
upon the orders of the County Superintendent, Col. Johnny Garley.

Additionally, it is reported that Superintendent Garley has allegedly stopped
all communications in and out of the country to all other political parties,
except those of the National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL).

These reports were contained in a letter dated October 2, 1985, and sent to
the Special Elections Commission (SECOM) by the Unity Party (UP), a copy of
which was obtained by this paper yesterday.

In the letter addressed to the Chairman of SECOM, Counsellor Emmet Harmon, and
signed by the Chairman of UP, Mr. Carlos Smith, the party complained to SECOM
about alleged acts of harassment, intimidation and the manhandling of its
partisans in Grand Gedeh County.

The letter indicated that Superintendent Garley allegedly led his soldiers in
"this whole ugly situation" at the local radio station, and ordered them to
arrest and detain the UP local chairman, Mr. G. Abraham Nyahteeah, "after
beating him badly." .

According to the letter, the host family of Mr. Nyanteeah in Zwedru were also
allegedly beaten and detained, noting that "soldiers stripped the wife" during
the incident.

The letter further alleged that NDPL loyalists, inclinding Superintendent
Garley, are "ridiculously harassing, intimidating and even manhandling anybody
who dares proclaim to belong to another party other than the NDPL".

The letter continued: "It was out of this kind of chaotic situation that our

Youth Wing Leader, Mr. Chumu-Kleyie Lexington, managed to escape to come and
let us know what is happening in Grand Gedeh".

14



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

GEOMOC DENIES COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE OF GAS FINDING
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Sep 85 p 10
[Article by Jorge Costa: "Biogas Pocket Burned in Gaza"]

[Text] A gas eruption took place while GEOMOC [expansion
unknown] was opening a water well in Gaza and caused a
blaze which continued at a rather low level for 5 days and
practically burned itself out. The news spread and gave
rise to much speculation which has now been denied by engi-
neers who were on the spot and studied the phenomenon.
“This was gas from the swamps which has no commercial
value," they assured us in describing the event.

GEOMOC has a drilling team in the Province of Gaza which is busy supplying
water to the local population. During its routine work program a new well was
started on 15 September in Magula, 10 kilometers from Xai-Xai.

The work was started and a depth of 34 meters was reached quickly. Suddenly
there was an eruption of gas which was found to be flammable and that started
the combustion; the fire burned for 5 days with a height of less than 1 meter
and it died down gradually as the well was being opened up.

In view of this situation, the GEOMOC team contacted its headquarters in
Maputo which, in turn, also alerted the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry
of Mineral Resources.

A GEOMOC engineer, an engineer from the National Hydrocarbons Enterprise, an
official from the Ministry of Interior, and a fire~fighter went to the spot on
21 September and arrived in time to see that the fire had practically died out
by itself.

Engineer Adriano Saraiva, of GEOMOC, described events at the site.
"The gas which escaped from this well is biogenic and comes from the swamps.

It is called swamp gas. The place where the event occurred is located in the
Limpopo Valley, a region which promotes the decomposition of organic matter."

43



JPRS“SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

SOVIET ECONOMICS EXPERT ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Sep 85 p 5

[Interview with Professor Nikolay Grib by Antonio Souto: "Socialist
Agricultural Changes Strengthen Mozambican Nation"]

[Text] Nikolay Grib, a doctoral candidate in economics, is
a professor of Soviet nationality who has known Mozambique
since January 1977. With an interruption between 1980 and
1983, he worked at the School of Economics of Eduardo
Mondlane University. His activities however were not con-
fined to teaching. As a specialist in the field of polit-
ical economy and agricultural policy, Nikolay Grib visited
some of the country's provinces on several occasions in an
effort to study cooperation development problems on the
spot. Seeking to pass a little bit of his experience on to
our readers, we noted some of his viewpoints on problems we
face in developing the country. Regardless of the position
which each of our readers may individually have as to the
opinions expressed by Professor Nikolay Grib, these opin-
ions are, as far as we are concerned, points of reflection
on which we urge all interested individuals to contribute
so that we may together develop the significance of the
agricultural transformation strategies that have been car-
ried out in this country in greater depth. We will soon
present other comments by this Soviet specialist on the
problem complex of cooperativization and other specific
areas connected with the agricultural issue in Mozambique.

NOTICIAS: As a Marxist-Leninist economist, how do you interpret the
agricultural changes that have taken place in Mozambique since independence?

Nikolay Grib: The first point to keep in mind regarding these changes is that
the proclamation of political independence in 1975 put an end to the first
stage of the Mozambican revolution--the revolution of national democracy--
after which the country began to carry out the tasks of the second phase--the
phase of the people's democratic revolution. As we emphasized in the docu-
ments of the FRELIMO Party, that was the period during which the political

47



DEBT SERVICING FIGURES, NEW CONTRACT AWARDS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Sep 85 p 32

[Article by Raheem Mohammed]

[Text]

/12828
cso:

JE Federal Govern-
ment spent 81.13 billion

‘in the first half of this year

to service the nation’s ex-
ternal debts.

This figure was contained
in the Standard Chartered
Review for the month of.
September published in
London.

According to the. review,
the flows of foreign exc-
hange during the first six
months of the year resulted
a net surplus of 433.7
million since 45.52 billion
was spent out of N5.55
billion’ realised during the
period.

On ~ petroleum, the
Review revealed that Nig-
eria's oil production for the
month of August stood at 1
million barrels per day.

It however stated that

3400/232

official figures for January-
May revealed output
tunning at 1.56 million
barrels per day.

The standard chartered
Review also revealed that a
major contract worth 45.5
million for the cleaning and
lining of some 18km of
trunk water mains from Iju
Water Works near Lagos
has been awarded to Tate
Pipe Lining Processes of
Manchester in the United
Kingdom.

According to the review,
work on the project is
expected to start in Nov-
ember.

The review also revealed
that Cadbu.y Nigeria
Limited is to establish a N5
million’ tomato puree
factory at. Kura and is to
obtain 90 per cent of its raw
materials locally from
UTC’s new §10 million fac-
tory at Tenti also in Mangu
area of Plateau State.

76

IJPRS*SSA*85~111
12 November 1985

NIGERIA


JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

METEMA REHABILITATION CENTRE-~METEMA~-Encouraging results are being
registered at the Metema rehabilitation centre in Gondar region in efforts
towards helping make the compatriots there productive citizens. On land
covering 2458 hectares, various kinds of crops and vegetables have been
cultivated in seven rehabilitation villages. Over 96 kms of feeder roads
were constructed to link the various villages with the main highway and a
clinic and model dwelling units were also built. Seventy-six traditional
midwives and 106 other settlers participated in skill-upgrading courses,
the latter as kebele health representatives. The settlers are being
organized. into various mass organizations and most of them have been freed
from the scourge of illiteracy. The first WPE cadre campaigners, members
of the reyolutionary army in the area and the local populace have made
outstanding contributions to helping the compatriots become productive
citizens, it was reported. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in
English 1 Oct 85 p 1]

MILITIA RECEIVE CERTIFICATES--ARBA MINCH--Members of a territorial
people's militia received certificates here yesterday on completion of a
three-month basic military training and political consciousness course.
Training to the militia members was given after they were drawn from
provinces and districts in Gamo Goffa region. Certificates and prizes
were handed over by Comrade Kassahun Tafesse, member of the CC of the
WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee of Gamo Goffa region. [Test]
[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 6 Oct 85 p 1)

NURA ERA--An office complex built at a cost of over 700,000 birr by the
Nura Era agricultural development organization of the Horticultural
Development Corporation under the Ministry of State Farms Development in
Merti, Shoa region, was inaugurated over the weekend. The facility was
inaugurated by Comrade Yosef Muleta, member of the CC of the WPE and
Minister of State Farms Development. Also present at the inaugural
ceremony were Comrade Debela Dinsa member of the CC of the WPE and
First Secretary of the WPE Committee of Shoa region, Comrade Sileshi
Mengesha, member of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the WPE
Committee for Arssi region, other party members as well as senior
government officials. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in
English 1 Oct 85 p 1]



citrus fruit, and 51 percent of the cotton. But its specific share in the
sale of these products was low. This labor force could make a much greater
contribution to the country's economic growth if it were placed within the
molds of modern production, of collective production.

In surveying the situation for the near future, the Ministry of Agriculture
prepared some estimated calculations regarding the country's requirements for
farm products for 13 million inhabitants, based on minimum per-capita consump-
tion standards. Here are the requirement figures for the main product items,
compared to the output actually achieved.

Products Output Level Necessary Output
Reached (1,000 t) Level (1,000 t)
Corn 324 936
Rice 65 624
“Mapira" [a grain] 198 156
Potatoes 5 312
Cassava 2,609 3,900
Soybeans 2 78
Sunflower Seeds 2 156
Peanuts 37 78
Beans 10 156
Vegetables 50 962
Citrus Fruit 224 624
Sugar 160 352

Increasing the output of farm products to reach the planned level is a task
for all sectors in agriculture--state, cooperative, private, and family. But
the decisive role in the attainment of this goal must be played by the state
and cooperative sectors on the basis of an increase in the cultivated area, an
increase in the land utilization intensity, and the large-scale use of modern
machinery.

The state's opportunities for giving the peasants modern agricultural
equipment at the price at which the equipment is bought abroad are increasing
and there will also be more of an opportunity to produce that equipment
domestically.

The equipment and the other production tools cost much money in terms of
foreign exchange on the world market and this equipment must therefore be used
in a skilled and efficient manner. It is therefore impossible to use this
equipment in an agriculture system that is scattered over small pieces of land
throughout the vast national territory.

Many economic and social factors thus underscore the need for profound changes
in agriculture. Here we might cite the words of V. Lenin after the victory of
the October Socialist Revolution in Russia with which he characterized similar
conditions: “If we continue to use the old ways, even though the citizens
will be free on free soil, we will be threatened with imminent failure in all
cases.”

51



Eduardo Arao Praises Efforts of CARBOMOC Enterprise
(NOTICIAS, 24 Sep 85) cececccecececnciececceeeseeeeeeee

Soviet Economics Expert on Agricultural Development
(Nikolay Grib Interview; NOTICIAS, 27 Sep 85) .......5.

Guija Private Farmers Increase Food Production
(NOTICIAS, 19 Sep 85) cccceccccccccccccecceceeesereeeee

EFRIPEL To Harvest Fish Together With Shrimp
(NOTICIAS, 24 Sep 85) .ecececccccecece ccc cc eeneneenee

Manjacaze Considered Most Advanced Socialized: Farming District
(NOTICIAS, 21 Sep 85) wecvceecscsececcccecscceesenssnee

Briefs
Food Experts Trained
Agreement With Netherlands
NIGERIA

Radio Views Commonwealth Stand on RSA Issue
(Lagos International Service, 22 Oct 85) seccisssecsaee

Foreign Policy Success Depends on Strong Domestic Base
(NEW NIGERIAN, 28 Sep 85) ccccecccccedececcccuccucecees

Babangida Addresses Traditional Rulers
(Nkem Agetua; SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 6 Oct 85) ......-00e

Babangida Calls for Establishment of Advisory Councils
(Nkem Agetua; SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 29 Sep 85) .......66.

Babangida Criticizes Counter-Trade Agreements
(NEW NIGERIAN, 28 Sep 85) ss .ceececcesccecceeeeseceenee

Air Force Ranks To Be Represented in Advisory Panel
(NEW NIGERTAN, 5 Oct 85) cc ccccc ese e cece nese eee eeeae

New Air Force Assignments Announced
(THE TRIUMPH, 5 Oct 85) ..ceeceesccceeccc cee ceeeeeceeee

Infantry School Commandant Assumes Duty
(Bala Mohammed; NEW NIGERIAN, 4 Oct 85) <...ecceceeeeee

Debt Servicing Figures, New Contract Awards
(Raheem Mohammed; DAILY TIMES, 30 Sep 85)...:s.seeeeeee

High Level Management Changes at National Petroleum
(NEW NIGERIAN, 5 Oct 85) .ecceescceeetececccvcccceecere

-e-

45

47

58

60

61

63

64

65

67

69

71

72

73

75

76

77



He reaffirmed that the government would at all times be disposed to listen
to the aspirations and yearnings of the people and would be appreciative
of the significant contributions of any group with the interest of the
nation at heart.

General Babangida disclosed that the government was seriously looking into
the recommendations of the Local Government Review panel with a view to
applying those aspects that would make the duty of government easier and
burden of creating an egalitarian society lighter.

He then assured the traditional rulers that ~he would create a forum
whereby, he would be meeting them from time to time "to hear the views
of your subjects and also seek your advise in aspect of government."

Earlier in an address on behalf of the traditional rulers, the Shehu of
Borno, Alhaji Mustapha Umar El Kapemihad pledged their support and
cooperation to the government.

He prayed to God to help the leadership to ensure a peaceful, prosperous
and stable country.

All the 19 state traditional council of obas, emirs obis and chiefs were
represented at the occaston.

/12828
C80: 3400/235

68



We are making these appeals because we are convinced that employees who have
occasionally taken strike action in support of demands for salaries are forced

to do so by the grave difficulties which salary delays impose on them. It is

no secret that most Liberians are conscientious and consistent workers who have
always demonstrated a willingness to make sacrifices for their country. Any-
thing that could adversely affect that attitude must thus be avoided at all costs.

/12851
cso: 3400/26

23



/12828
cso:

3400/232

these, he said, are under -pin-
ning of political

satisfaction of the ascertained
and agreed needs of the people as

well as the ultimate survival of
the nation in its perennial strug-
gle with the grim realities of
change and complexity. both
within and outside the country.
He was also of the view that
costly and perhaps extravagant
cultural and similar fiestas of the
FESTAC 1977 mould would
achieve only transient objectives.
ree pofessor Tamuno said that
re oral commitments oa the
type, another luc’
of Nigeria’: ora of oil wealth-as
events in 1983, last and this year
have demonstrated combined un-
mistakable pluses and minuses.

66



According to Geane, during the 1983-84 agricultural campaign, he produced 16
bags of nhemba beans, 15 bags of peanuts and a‘ton of cassava and leafy vege-
tables on 10 hectares. He sold the leafy vegetables to the village population
and made 200,000 meticals. The other products were used for his own consumption.

To cultivate his farms, Gabriel Geane. uses four. yoke of oxen and a MECANAGRO
[Agricultural Machinery Enterprise] tractor, which has aided him. To irrigate,
he uses three pump and engine units. Two are damaged’ as a result of a lack
of parts (piston and casing).

The farmer raises animals: 70 oxen, eight sheep, 25 chickens and
eight ducks. He works with 25 employees, from 0700 until 1200 hours and from
1400 to 1700 hours. He has 400,000 meticals deposited in the bank.

In Tomanine

The last farmer, also private, is located in the communal village of Tomanine,
also in Guija district. He prepared 10 hectares for the 1985-86 agricultural
campaign, planting tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, sweet potatoes, onions, garlic,
lettuce and butter beans. He is engaged in preparing 4 hectares on which he
will plant corn during the hot season of the 1985-86 agricultural campaign.

According to Alexandre Lumbela [sic], during the 1983-84 agricultural campaign
he planted corn, black beans, nhemba beans, peanuts and tomatoes on 20. hectares.
The production was not satisfactory, owing to the rats and the: cold.. He earned
200,000 meticals, purchasing a pump and engine for 150,000 meticals.

The farmer lacks transportation for removing his products, fuel for the pump
and engine and hoes. To work, he uses four yoke of oxen with two plows; and
for irrigation he uses a pump and engine. He has seven workers, who work from
0500 until 1200 hours, and from 1400 to 1700 hours.

2909
CSO: 3442/15

59



LUP FAVORS COALITION GOVERNMENT OF ALL PARTIES

IJPRS*SSA“85~111
12 November 1985

Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 3 Oct 85 pp 1, 10

Grext]

A coalition govern-
ment comprising of
all political parties
would be set up ‘in
the Second Republic
by the Liberia:. Uni-
fication Party (LUP),
if the party wins the
October 15 general
elections, presiden-
tial candidate Ga-
briel W. Kpolleh,
said yesterday.

He said upon coming
to power, LUP would
in addition ensure
that the banned Uni-
ted People's Party
(UPP) and the Libe~
rian People's Party
(LPP) shall be put
into existence and be
absorbed to -contri-
bute their quota to
national development.

Mr. Kpolleh was
speaking at. the Cham-
ber’ of Commerce
building where he
addressed journalists
at the Sth. lecture
Series organized . by
the Press Club of the
Press Union of Libe-
ria (PUL). .

16

Mr. Kpolleh. noted
that one political
Party cannot rightly
boast of having ade—
quate Manpower to
Proptrly and comple~
tely run the affairs
of the country, ok
‘He said it is. be~
cause of this that
after winning . the
elections, .LUP shall
invite all other po-
litical “parties to
negotiate with them
for the formation of
our government, ad-
ding, "we shall treat
all political parties,
with respect in all
our dealings: with
them." .

He stated that even
if. his party losbs
the elections, LUP is
Prepared to form a
coalition with the
winning party should
the elections be
“conducted fairly."

The - LUP__presiden-
tial candidate re-

counted that when he
resigned as a school
teacher in -1983. to

LIBERTA



presidents. And there the Mozambican leader played a trump card, attesting
to his good faith and his (real or forced, it doesn't matter) effort for peace
in that part of the African continent. We are referring to the stated acknow-
ledgment by Pretoria, by way of an admission made almost on the eve of Samora
Machel's departure for Washington, that there had, actually, been violations
of the N'komati Accord on the part of South Africa.

However, the invitation offered by Samora Machel for American investment in

a country as filled with potential as his is too tempting for the U.S. to
remain indifferent. It is just that no one is unaware of the fact that it
would only be worthwhile investing in Mozambique if the conditions of stability
and security which have ceased to exist for the present, because of that guer-
rilla movement, were created.

To what extent would a Reagan administration, really counting on "ensuring"

a country so strategically established within the context of Southern Africa
as Mozambique, in fact, is, be concerned over having the rug pulled out from
under RENAMO quickly? To be sure, this would entail yielding and compromising
on both sides; but the fact is that Samora Machel has already given evidence
of being good at fulfillment, at least insofar as N'komati is concerned. And
it might well happen that this very "movement," fabricated and nurtured by the
West, has already fittingly played the role reserved for it.

Yesterday, when they met for the first time, Ronald. Reagan and Samora Machel
were merely two presidents. But when they took leave of each other, they were
already more than just that: they were two friends. At least, that is what
Samora Machel claimed.

The future will tell how far that friendship will lead.

2909
cso: 3442/16

33



the rural areas in the form of Law No 9/79, approved by the Permanent
Commission of the People's Assembly; that law defined the foundations of the
organization of the cooperatives in various branches of the national economy.
The law called for the organization of the following cooperatives through-
out the country: (a) agricultural production; (b) fishing production;
(c) industrial production; (d) crafts production; (e) consumer cooperatives;
(f£) housing; (g) services.

The five first forms were developed in the process of cooperativization
although at a pace that was not equal in all cases. Here, the consumer co-
operatives and the agricultural producer cooperatives revealed faster paces,
thus reflecting the country's vital needs.

Worldwide experience shows that agricultural producer cooperatives, during
their process of organization, make a transition through a line of simple
cooperatives to higher-level producer cooperatives. There are various types
of simple cooperatives which differ from each other in terms of the following:

level of socialization of labor and means of production;
manner of distribution of yields obtained in the cooperative;

the attention devoted to agricultural cooperativization during the first few
years provided an opportunity for gathering experience in the organization of
cooperatives throughout the country which must be studied and which must be
enriched for its subsequent application.

One of the first forms of agricultural cooperation consisted of the collective
plantations. Here, a specific number of peasants, under the leadership of the
political agencies (party cell, GD [motivation group], OMM [Organization of
Mozambique Women], OJM [Mozambique Youth Organization]) gathered together in
order jointly to cultivate a piece of land with their own work equipment.
Here, the leadership bodies are not elected and the work participation of each
individual in common work activities is not accounted for. The results of
common labor in most cases are not distributed to the benefit of each partici-
pant but are used for collective investments. This is the lower form of col-
lective establishments where the peasants acquire practice as to the advan-
tages of common labor and where they organize themselves politically in order
to move on to the higher form of cooperation. Each of them has his own family
plantation or farm to produce the products necessary for his family.

This form opens the way toward the recovery of abandoned land and the increase
in the planted area throughout the country and this quite obviously makes it
possible to increase the farm output. On the basis of the money earned from
the sale of the products of the collective farm, the peasants now have the
opportunity to purchase the necessary means of production and to earmark a
portion of that for social purposes (construction of schools, medical
stations, wells, literacy training, strengthening the political and defense
agencies). Looking at the specific conditions, the experience of the collec~
tive farms can be extended to rehabilitate the cashew plantations and to start

53



The statement further pointed out that the Head of State realizing the diffi-
culties teachers face in getting to their various areas of assignments, announced
to the nation that $21.00 be added to teachers salary as transportation allow-
ance to ensure that they get to work on time. But teachers have been greatly
disappointed due to the delay in the payment of this allowance for the fiscal
year 1981/85," the statement added.

The statement observed that “initielly, the teachers of Liberia welcomed the
setting up of the payteams by the Ministry of Finance with the hope of easing
the escalating rate of payroll paddings. "However, we have evidence from all
indications that this system has not only frustrated the teachers, but also
disgraced the entire teaching profession and failed also to serve the intended

purpose."

The statement noted that "due to the above prevailing circumstances, we the
teachers of Liberia have resolved that all salary arrears due government-paid
teachers must be paid in the shortest possible time" and "that the $24.00
transportation allowance arrears owed by the government be paid current and
hereafter said amount be added on the monthly salary cheque of each teacher."

The teachers requested that the Ministry of Education takes over the payment
of their salary cheques through the Chief Education Officers, District Educa-
tion Officers and also the Principals of schools.

The statement warned that "until these conditions are fully met, teachers in all
public schools throughout the length and breadth of this country will have no
other alternative but to remain at home in the most professional manner, effec-
tive September 30, 1985."

According to Mr Joe, the statement has already been circulated to all public
schools throughout the country for the attention of all teachers and authorities.

However, when contacted yesterday by our reporter, the Minister of Education,
Dr George S, Boley, expressed surprise at the decision of the teachers to boy-
cott classes without the prior knowledge of the Ministry of Education.

Dr Boley said immediately he received the teachers' statement yesterday, he
contacted the Head of State who, he said, instructed him to inform the teachers
of the personal initiative taken by him to solve their problems and also to pay
all government employees including teachers their salary arrears.

Dr Boley who also expressed concern about the continued delay in the disburse-
ment of teachers salary cheques, noted that the action taken by the teachers
to boycott classes "is very untimely", and warned that the teachers should be
mindful that they do not become victims of circumstances.

He then appealed to the teachers to reconsider their decision and return to
classes in the best interest of the students and the state.

He said teachers who are professional people, should be aware of the prevailing

circumstances, so as to avoid being branded for any unfavorable condition in
the country at this point of time.

19



+ The first law of effective”

communication is that it
should

speak with one voice.
Ministers do not ak
with the same voice to differ-
ent constituencies or over
time use the same terminol-

ogy to the same constituency. °

uth Africa has expended
energy on finding different
ways of phrasing the same
concepts so as to make them
sound more just. In the ia
cess we become confused by
our own semantics and lose
sight of the underlying prob-
lem.

One wonders how many
names the old “Department
of Bantu Affairs” has had in
recent years.

Disjointed

Can anybody tell what our
latest policy of “orderly ur-
banisation” means? A phrase
is coined but nothin,
offered by way of definition.

By changing names with-
out changing the concepts
they define, we gain little in

the way of international cre-
dence.

Even if there is a genuine ,

attempt to ameliorate a situ-
ation, name changing is per-
ceived by outsiders as a se-
mantic exercise to obscure
the facts.

Another negative South -

African ploy is the inability
to admit mistakes. By frank-
ly admitting a mistake one
calls an end to any particular
discussion. in t,
ursuing an argument
nobody ever wins, one mere-
ly incurs a long-term
enemy. .

Doubtless, the cur-
rent international anti-
South African hype is, in
large measure, based on
ignorance of South
Africa and its very com-
plex problems.

But what have we
done in major Western
countries to explain
these problems on a
pro-active basis?

Certainly we attempt
reactive explanation,
have we ever undertaken a
composite and integrated
statement of the South Afri-
can reality?

be open and honest.
The Government does not °

but

This should not be done as
a whitewash, it should be full
and frank and should face up
to our shortcomings without
excuses,

We do not make use of
what marketing opportunity
is given to us to at -

mum positive media impact.
‘Trickling out a stream of
disjointed reform promises
over a succession of party
congressés means that they
do not recelve exposure as a
comprehensive package and
lose impact when maximum.
impact is needed.
sporadic announcements
of reform also appear as con-
cessions to placate the grow-
ing volce of discontent.

Antagonism

‘The business community in
South Africa has influential
contact with its international

counterparts.
It would be ideally placed

to undertake an unofficial ,

ambassadorial role if the
Government would take it
into its confidence and if it
had faith in the Govern-
ment’s long-term methods
and intentions.

‘The business community,
however, operates very dif-
iferently from the Govern-

ment. It is used to formalised ©

Planning with set objectives
and methods.

‘The Government has not
shown much evidence of
either. Business, therefore, is
not given the tools. It is not

being addressed in a lan-
guage which it understands.

of our senior state -

officials do not seem to un-
derstand the notion of public

accountabilit
By misunderstanding the

notion of public accountabil-
* ity and the right of the Press
to inform the public, the Gov-
ernment feels a deep-rooted

antagonism towards the .

Press.

It tends to keep certain
matters from media atten-
tion and makes no attempt to
win the Press over by fult

disclosure, even if it’s off the .
record. i
‘The first world Press, used

to working within a frame-
work of accountability of
publte officers, does not react
favourably to the apparent
scant regard for accountabil-
ity it finds in South Africa.
‘The result of this misun-
derstanding is a sort of mutu-
‘al recrimination club where-
by world media constantly
joint out the faults of the
‘overnment and the Govern-
_ment blames the ills which

have befallen the country on
the media.

If understanding of the
first world notions of the
Press seems to have escaped
the Government, its compre-
hension of the international
electronic media is even less
marked.

It simply does not under-
stand that television services
are able to transport people

: into living rooms across the
len;

86

th and breadth of the
world so that politiclans on
the screen are talking, inti-
mately and directly, to the
viewer on a ‘one-to-one basis.
A successful TV appear-
ance is nothing short of an
act. Like any actor, anyone
appearing on television
uld be mindful of all the
elements that go into creat-
ing. an actor: tone, style,
lighting and make-up.

Sympathetic

“The Cabinet would do well
to take a leaf from Ronald
Reagan’s book. His television
appearances are perfectly
calculated to create maxi-
mum advantage.

Setting, clothes and light-
ing are carefully chosen to
draw the viewer into as
warm and Sympathetle ami-
lieu as possible,

Each gesture is carefully
rehearsed so that it conveys
an image of warmth and hu-
manity.

His texts are painstaking]
edited to be as clear, as uni-
versally intelligible and as
unaml pues as possible.

The time has come to take
bold initiative which is action
orientated.

Announcements that cer-
tain ideas have been referred
to Cabinet committees, joint
standing committees,’ Presi-
dent’s Council committees or
the like are not good enough.


As in the case of the city of Xai-Xai, capital of Gaza, the effort for incor-
poration will be accompanied by intensive mobilization. work, carried out by
brigades consisting of members of the provincial committee and government,
the FDS, the ODM and professionals from the social area.

In connection with this phase, Domingos Roque informed our reporter that the
district recruitment centers would be responsible for ensuring the success of
this work, and must receive direct backing from the provincial party and
government agencies.

Domingos Parafino Roque noted: "We think that the backing ‘from the provincial
party and government agencies is an essential action."

2909
CSO: 3442/15

40



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

STUDENT UNIONS SEEK MERGER-~Polytechnic students have begun moves to reunite
all member unions of the National Association of Nigerian Students (NANS) ,

who opted out of the association last year following a disagreement over an
election. Students of Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria's premier higher
institution, who are holding brief for their coleagues, will on October 24
host a reconcilliatory meeting among three major associations involved in the
rift. They are: the NANS, now made up of mainly university students, the Na-
tional Association of Technological Students (NATS) and the Association of
Teachers Training Colleges and Colleges of Education Students Association of
Nigeria (ATTCCESAN). Claiming that the division within the national students
organisation had weakened their stand as a strong pressure group, the students
said most of their programmes failed because they lacked unity of purpose.
According to a statement signed by Mr Omotosho Oluyemi, chairman of the stu-
dents' union and Ibegbu Osadebe, secretary-general, all the students’ groups
need to come together now to let the government know that they are serious and
united. [Text] [London TALKING DRUMS in English 14 Oct 85 p 24]

cso: 3400/248

81



JPRS“SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

GUIJA PRIVATE FARMERS INCREASE FOOD PRODUCTION

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Sep 85 p3

[Text] Private farmers in the Guija district of Gaza are bent on putting an end
to famine in that area, striving to produce the greatest possible diversity of
crops, even during hot seasons, and annually expanding the planted areas.

The best-known farmers in the area, who have distinguished themselves in all
the campaigns through their efforts to end famine. are Victor Pereira, Gabriel
Geane and Alexandre Chiboa, the first two located in the communal village of
Tomanine, and the other in that of Chinhanguanine.

Victor Manuel Nunes Pereira, a private farmer in the communal village of Toma-
nine, in the district of Guija, Gaza, prepared 17 hectares on which he planted
tomatoes, cabbage, potatoes, onions and broad beans. He also had a hectare

of banana trees, a quarter of a hectare for growing papayas and another quarter
of a hectare with hot peppers.

According to Victor Manuel, the production from the 1983-84 agricultural campaign
brought good results. On the same area, he produced 153 tons of green vege-
tables, 907 kilograms of bananas, 886 kilograms of papayas, 669 kilograms of
mangos, 75 of grain and 75 of hot peppers. According to the farmer, he sold

the products to the population of Guija, Chokwe, Xai-Xai and Maputo. At the
conclusion of the campaign he netted 12,596,177.00 meticals.

The farmer lacks fuel for a pump and engine and tractors, as well as hoes.
He raises small animals, consisting of 272 pigs, 13 small goats and 12
chickens. He has 24 employees who work from 0700 until 1200 houts, and then
from 1400 to 1700 hours.

In Chinhanguanine

Another private farmer from the communal village of Chinhanguanine, in. the
same district, prepared 15 hectares. He planted 8.5 hectares with green.
vegetables, 4 with cassava, 1 with butter beans and another 1 with corn.
Gabriel says that, during the 1984-85 agricultural campaign, he produced
cotton on a quarter of a hectare.

He is engaged in the harvesting of the cotton from the 1984-85 agricultural
campaign.

58



IPRS“SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

SIERRA LEONE

BRIEFS

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS DEATHS--Amnesty International has reported that
241 prisoners died of malnutrition in jails in Sierra Leone. According to the
Organisation's report for 1984 government killing of prisoners by execution,
assassination or torture reached new and totally unacceptable levels during

the year under review. Chad was listed among countries where outright politi-
cal murders often taking place during counter-insurgency operations accounted
for thousands of deaths. [Text] [London TALKING DRUMS in English 14 Oct 85 p 22]

cso: 3400/248

82



social, economic, politi-
cal, and industrial deve-
lopment of the country
since the bulk of the na-
tion's ‘population depends
on agriculture for - sus-
tenance.

Liberia's: population is
estimated at 2,113  mil-
lion of which 1,445 mil-
lion (about 68.4%) - make
up the agricultural popu-
lation (FAO, 1984).

However, until 1976,
when -the first Four-Year
Comprehensive National
Socia-Economic Development
Plan was formulated, the
Government of Liberia had
no comprehensive agricul-
tural development plan to
provide the most suitable
climate for the develop-
ment of this very import-
ant sector of the. economy,
As Gedeo (1982) succintly
points out in his enalysis
of the Historical Develop-
ment of Liberia's Agri-
cultural Policy from 1960-
1980, ..."most of the
agricultural development
programs came about as a
result of political
Speeches or were ideas
conceived by few indivi-
duals in government and
formulated into programs."
Due to this kind of ap-
proach many programs gea-
red’ towards agricultural
development. did not yield
fruitful results - there
was a gap between rhetoric
and real action, |

In 1964, ‘for example,
the Government of Liberia,
throughthe insight of the
late President Tubman
‘launched "Operation Pro-
duction", aimed” at encou-
raging farmers to improve
their production, That

27

program failed even though
it had good objectives.
The pre-requisites, such
as trained specialists end
extension staff, and other
Necessary inputs . were
lacking. As Lowenkopf
(1976) states, "...Opera-
tion Production was admi-
nistered by a two-man
staff for the entire coun-
try. and there were no ap-
Propriations for its coor-
dinating activities.”
Another of such programs
worth -mentioning emerged
during the latter half of
the 1970's. Engineered by
the late President, Tol-
bert, it was aimed at mak-
ing the country achieve

_ self-sufficiency in rica

production by 1980, The
major slogan was "No joke,
No More Importation of.
Rice By 1980," a common
reflection egain between
rhetoric. and real action.
The program which was ex-
pected to achieve its goal
within © given period of
five years yielded no
self-sustaining results,

Quring the period ..1976~
1980, according to a Uni-
ted States Department of
Agriculture. report pub-
lished in 1981, the impor-
tation of rice ‘in Liberia
nearly doubled from 36,011
metric tons to 70,000 met-
ric tons, This continues
to be the basic trend even
up to the-present. —

In yet another effort to
bring about agricultural
development. in Liberia, ©
the Government of Liberia,
in collaboration with some
international agencies has
established three inte-
grated’ agricultural and
rural development projects


A representative of the WPE cadres on his part noted that the group derived
immense satisfaction from having contributed to the implementation of

the rehabilitation strategy drawn up by the Politbureau of the CC of the
WPE, adding that he and his colleagues had gained valuable experience from
the campaign.

On departure from Gambella earlier, the campaigners were given a warm
send-off by Comrade Simon Galore, member of the CC of the WPE and First
Secretary of the regional WPE Committee, Comrade Tsegave Gabisa, First
Secretary of the provincial WPE Committee, provincial party members and
other senior local officials.

During the ceremony the cadres handed over 550 birr which they had raised
through various programmes to help purchase books, stationery and other
equipment for the literacy. programme underway in Gambella province,

The money was handed over by Comrade Dadi Hunde, First Secretary of the
provincial WPE Committee in rehabilitation zones of the first round
campaign, to Comrade Mohammed Ahmed, his successor during’ the second
round. : .

Comrade Mohammed commended the activities of the first round WPE cadres in
various development projects and said the overall Rehabilitation drive in
the province was proving a success. .

Before departure from Assossa, Wollega region, the first round WPE cadre
campaigners, were awarded a special prize Sunday in recognition of their
outstanding performance in the rehabilitation programme and. the contribution
to the enhancement of productivity through co-ordinated work.

The prize, organized jointly by the provincial WPE Committee’ and the
provincial. disaster relief coordinating committee, was given to the campaigners
during a warm send-off ceremony accorded them here ‘in Assossa town.

Comrade Dejene Reta, First Secretary of the WPE Committee for the province,
spoke on the occasion of the performance of the WPE cadres in implementing
the party's rehabilitation programme.

Meanwhile, the first round WPE cadres deployed at rehabilitation centres
in Gambella provinces of Illubabor region were given warm welcome Tuesday
on arriyal in Awassa, Sidamo and Assela, Arssi regions.

Comrade Girma Habte-Gabriel, member of the CC of the WPE and First
Secretary of the Sidamo region WPE Committee, was among the top party
and government officials on hand to welcome the campaigners on arrival at
Awassa. .

In Assela meanwhile, Comrade Sileshi Mengesha, member of the CC of the
WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee of Arssi region led the top-
ranking regional party and government officials who showed up to welcome
the WPE cadres.



Each company does its best to excel .over the others, so as to be in first
place; and, on these occaions,:a mere expression of praise suffices to
encourage the youths to redouble efforts aimed at perfection.

Moreover, the effort is even greater .the more their awareness that, at any
time, they could come in confrontation with the enemy (which must not be
underestimated) increases.

An example of this was shown by thé youths in training when the offensive

that was to bring a certain amount of calmness to the Manhica area was begun.
Aware of the mobilization that was under way, many members of the military
taking instruction expressed a willingness to interrupt their training in order
to go and fight.

Initiatives and Self-Sufficiency

Relying on one's own forces: that is the great investment on which the Manhica
Politico-Military Training Center is bent. Something of which the center can
be very proud is the production of leafy. vegetables,

In this respect, the center has achieved not only self-sufficiency, but also
sales of garden produce to the public in Maputo, at the producer's price, which
has made possible a net profit of 800,000 meticals for the center. This profit
is less than what could be accrued if the conditions for transporting the
produce were normal. Because of this problem, a certain amount of the vegetables
produced ends up spoiling in the field.

The center's director, Col Mateus Oscar Khida, claimed that they are in the
initial phase.

Colonel Khida said: "It is our intention to cultivate the largest poseible -
expanse of land, so that our soldiers will feel as well received as if they
were in their own homes; if possible, so that they may feel better here at the
center."

During this initial phase, a pigpen was built which currently has only 100
units, properly selected for reproduction. The facilities are not extensive
and they were constructed based on the principle of relying on local resources.
There are no livestock experts at the center, but the good will of all those
working will bring its results, and it is in practical work that new technicians
are trained.

Furthermore, the center is quite replete when it comes to initiatives. This
fact is noticeable from the embellishment and decoration. of the center's
premises, with small streets on which the esthetic touch is ‘not lacking. A
mere stone or broken tile is useless for building, and properly utilized for
decoration on the small streets and rest areas. Every day, at the center, one
notes the heightening of the effort to create pleasant ‘conditions for all those
passing through it.

2909

CSO: 3442/15

42



JPRS“SSA*85+111
12 November 1985

ETHIOPIA

WPE CADRES GET ENTHUSIASTIC WELCOME
Back From Gambella
Addis Ababa THE ETHOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Oct 85 pp 1, 6

[Text] The first round WPE cadre campaigners who were deployed in Gambella
province, Illubabor region to help implement the. rehabilitation programme,
worked out by the Political of the CC of the WPE, were Sunday accorded a
warm and enthusiastic welcome on arrival here after successfully completing
their tour of duty.

On arrival at Bole airport the WPE cadre campaigners were welcomed by
Comrade Maj. Mezgebe Worke, alternate member of the CC of the WPE and
Military Commissar of Addis Ababa, representing the CC of the WPE,

Also on. hand to welcome the compaigners were first secretaries of the
WPE committees of the different zones of the capital, chairmen of Higher
Urban Dwellers Associations and:kebeles, other senior officials as well
as relatives of the campaigners,

The WPE cadres, through their representative, submitted to Comrade Maj.
Mezgebe the emblem and prizes which were presented to them by the WPE
committees of Illuababor region and Gambella province to be turned over
to the CC of the WPE.

Comrade Maj. Mezgebe said that the contribution of the cadres as first
campaigners, to carry out the long, medium and short term programmes

of the vanguard party to exploit the rich natural resource of the country
and to extricate the country from backwardness was worth of emulation.

Comrade Maj. Mezgebe expressed confidence that the campaigners had derived
moral satisfaction from having worked among the people and gained valuable
lessons. from the experience. He. commended their contribution to helping
implement party programmes.

Comrade Maj. Mezgebe went on to point out that the cadre campaigners

had laid the foundation for making the compatriots at the rehabilitation
centres become productive and self-supporting citizens. He said the effort
towards overcoming the problem of recurrent drought should be continued in
accordance with the programme worked out by the party.


JPRS+SSA+85«111
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

DOCUMENT DEFINES TASK OF MOBILIZATION, POLITICAL EDUCATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] A document disseminated by the FRELIMO Party Central Committee defines
the general aspects of the work to be done by the Democratic Mass Organizations
[ODM] and related institutions in the area of mobilization and patriotic educa-
tion for the defense of the fatherland and the revolution, through an extensive
group of organizational activities involving all sectors and strata of Mozambican
society. The document constitutes a summary of the work done after the Central
Committee's fourth session, which approved the plan for the initiation of a
mobilization offensive aimed at supporting and consolidating the patriotic
summons announced by the head of state in his speech of 11 March of this year.

As the Central Committee's document notes, the action to be taken with regard
to mobilization and patriotic education is aimed essentially at taking the
effort for mobilization and patriotic education to every work site and residence
through the party and state agencies and the Democratic Mass Organizations,

and the active involvement of all sectors of the society.

Cited as main guidelines for the work to be done in this area are specific tasks
assigned to each of the Democratic Mass Organizations which, as a whole, must
direct the essential part of their activity toward the goals of the current
offensive, subordinating to it and integrating into it their other programs.

Specific Tasks

The Mozambican Workers Organization (OTM) has been assigned the main task of
engaging in mobilization and patriotic. education activities in. enterprises,
factories and other production and service units, aimed at raising the workers'
patriotic consciousness and mobilizing them for an increase in production. and
productivity.

On all production sites, the OTM will have to organize the workers for the
defense of that site and for vigilance against all types of sabotage, theft
and black market activity.

Among other activities, the OTM must organize direct methods for backing the

production units and military units, as well as methods of cooperation that
will intensify the relations between the workers and the combatants.

36


The letter went on, "It all started on September 28, 1985 when our partisans
began to advertise the advent of the Standard Bearer and Vice Standard, who
were expected in Zwedru on September 30".

The letter explained that as they were putting up pictures of the Standard
Bearer, one Mr. Gao, said to be the commander of the NDPL Task Force in
Grand Gedeh County, "forthrightly and boldly took upon himself to molest and
intimidate our partisans".

"He told them that the Superintendent had ordered them (the Task Force) not
to let anyone put up pictures or many any announcements in the streets for
any other party except the NDPL", the letter said.

The letter noted that Gao later went to the photo studio of one Mr.
Kardutu Kligbeh, the Vice Chairman of UP local branch in Grand Gedeh County
and asked for Mr. Nyanteeah.

"Gao reportedly told Kligbeh that he (Gao) had come to kill Nyanteeah, but
since he was not present, Kligbeh would be a good substitute," the letter noted.

The letter added that consequently, Gao allegedly collected copies of Dr.
Edward Kesselly's booklet, "Liberia Today and Tomorrow: Some Personal Reflec-
tions," pointing out that "growing out of all this, Kligbeh was summarily
beaten badly and we learn he is at the point of death." In the letter, the
UP called for a stop to "the wanton harassment."

When contacted, a reliable source at SECOM confirmed receiving the letter and
told our reporter that the Commission is to act expeditiously on the matter.

Meanwhile, all efforts made by FOOTPRINTS TODAY to contact Superintendent Garley
through telephone for comment proved futile up to press time last night.

19274
cso: 3400/260

15



JPRS*SSA+85~111
12 November 1985

RESIDENTIAL UNITS NURA ERA--The construction work of the 3U dupiex
residential units that would accommodate 60 family heads. built at a

cost of over 3,000,000 birr by the Nura Era Agricultural Development
Organization has reached completion. The dwelling units which took

one year for construction were built by the Organization in an effort to
improve the living and working conditions of its workers. Comrade
Agegnehu Sisay, General Manager of the agricultural development organization,
reported that a central garage and a central store will be built in the
future to give service to four agricultural development projects registered
under the agricultural development organization. It was also disclosed
that a plan has been worked out for the construction of rooms for guests
and a swimming pool. The construction cost of the reservoir and the water
distribution centre is estimated at over 300,000 birr. [Text] [Addis
Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 2 Oct 85 p 1)

FOOD EXPORTS--NURA ERA--The Merti vegetable and fruit processing factory
under the Merti Jeju Agricultural Development Unit is reported to be
manufacturing up to 30,000 cans of tomato and tomato salad, orange
marmalade and squash as well as various kinds of juice. The factory which
was established in 1983 following an agreement signed between the government
of Revolutionary Ethiopia and the. Federal Republic of Germany has begun
manufacturing canned vegetables and fruits for export and for local
consumption. The factory produced 2,500 tons of vegetables and fruits
from its farm in the 1983-84 production year of which it exported 1,500
tons, according to Comrade Daniel Kebede, manager of the factory. Comrade
Daniel said that tomato salad from Ethiopia is becoming popular abroad.
The manager also said that ‘the factory had created job opportunities

for the unemployed and has proved to be a good source of foreign exchange
earning. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 3 Oct 85

pp 1, 6] :

NURA ERA GRAIN PROJECT--The Nura-Era agricultural development project
produced 266,208 quintals of grain in the 1984/85 production year by
cultivating 5,703 hectares. The project is one of the largest state
farms of the 51 under the Ministry of States Farms Development with 7,000
hectares and producing 30 kinds of agricultural produce including vegetables
and fruits. Formerly known as the Upper Awash Agricultural Development
Organization, the project used to produce 79 per cent cotton, 12 per cent
teff and maize, six per cent vegetables and fruits and three per cent
tobacco before it was restructured in 1979/80. However, as of 1984/85
production year it has started producing more fruits and vegetables.

For export, the project has developed and additional 389 hectares for
fruits. Employed in the project are 3,249 permanent and 10,913 temporary
workers. The project is also conducting agricultural research work,
according to Comrade Agegnehu Sisay, Manager of the project. [Text]
[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 5 Oct 85 p 1]

10



Bumper Harvest Brings Drop in Food. Prices

(NEW NIGERIAN, 3 Oct 85) eee ee eee eee er rr 78
Briefs
New Airline Service 80
Border Disputes on Increase 80
Border Opening Conference Scheduled 80
Student Unions Seek Merger 81
SIERRA LEONE
Briefs
Amnesty International Reports Deaths 82
SOUTH AFRICA

Metamorphosis of Businessmen Into Political Activists
(Brian Pottinger; SUNDAY TIMES, .13 Oct 85) cccceseccas 83

International Image Plays Important Role in Nation's. Future
(Darryl Phillips; SUNDAY TIMES, 13 Oct 85) -ccesecceees 85

Black Leaders Said To Accept Minority Rights Protection
(Johannesburg SAPA, 22 Oct 85) ccccccccccccccccccccces 88

Commentary Claims UN Has 'Perverted' Ideals of Charter
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 24 Oct 85) ccccecccces 89

Population Census 1985
(IIR INFORMATION SHEET, Aug 85) 0. ss. ccc ccc e ce ceccccee 91

Government Revenue Up, Spending Down
(John Tilston; BUSINESS DAY, 22 Oct > rn 92

Industry To Call for Talks With All Leaders.
(THE CITIZEN, 25 Oct 85) focccccecccccccccecccecccdces 93

Consumer Boycott in Cape, Transvaal. Intensify
(Joshua Raboroko; SOWETAN, 16 Oct 85) °.sccccccccecccee 94

Increase in Strike Figures Reported
(Amrit Manga; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Oct 85) ..sccceccccceae 96

Joblessness More Drastic Than Perceived
(Angus MacMillan; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Oct 85) °.ccecccce.. 97

Weak Rand Causes Mine-Share Buying Fever
(Brendan Ryan; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Oct 85) ccccceeccceces 100

Gross Income of Farmers Increased
(Ciaran Ryan; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Oct 85) icccceccecccces 102

-d-



IJPRS*SSA*85~111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POSSIBLE MAIZE SURPLUS EXPECTED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 Oct 85 p 5

{Article by Alan Sendzul: "Maize Sales Drop May Mean More For Export"7

Text, : 1 ” Maize prices on the Chicago fu-
Oo aecerarin te al ie
Board ata lated prod pattern of maize demand and supply,

regul lucer Dp id
price, insulates the market from hs opposed to spot worl prices —
price fluctuations. Of more im- C a nek breker Holenin 18 not

- portance, however, is the prob-
ability of there being a surplus.
which could then be sold on the

tons. On average, 6,5-million tons are could improve US grain exports and
consumed domestically. Indications lead to a higher price within the next
a ro re
for 1985 may be ai leanwhile, the
least 10% down. is optimistic about the outlook for’
This means that part of this year’s sugar after several months in the
excess inventory will be up for sale to Sugar will no
international buyers. The graph re- doubt be pleased to receive ‘higher-
veals an estimated world spot maize revenue for t3,
price by using a futures contract a On su; futures, West an
proa maturity — that is, very analyst F O Licht put a slight damper
close to mar! on with an estimate that world
Maize exports appear to be better stocks would decline by only
laced now with the first 1,74-million tons. The mild setback to
fof the Year. port proceeds also tions of a faster °
rely on priva jement down of inventories — by about
suppliers’ and distribution channels million tons — has 7 Pyygbout 2
politically sensitive. sugar-futures price temporarily,

are
premium-quality maize could’
also be a positive factor.

106



FOREIGN POLICY SUCCESS DEPENDS ON STRONG DOMESTIC BASE

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 28 Sep 85 pp 1, 7

[Text]

NIGERIA’s ability to overcome
its domestic problems would earn
her much more respect and pro-
vide the country with durable
arsenals for successful thrusts in
foreign affairs and defence

against external threats. ©

This was the view expressed by
a former Chancellor of the
University of Ibadan and the
Chairman of the New Nigerian
-Newspapers Limited, Professor
Tekena Tamuno while delivering
alecture titled: ‘Nigeria: its peo-
ple, its problems”, in Lagos on
Wednesday at the Nigerian In-
stitute of International Affairs as.
part of activities marking the
country’s 25th anniversary
cele‘vations.

Professor Tamuno was also of
the view that the’ country’s
defence posture and stature in in-
ternational relations flow direct-
ly and indirectly from our
strength at home as President
Babangida also agreed.

He said participation of Nigeria
in African- and world affairs
“needs to be strengthened and
sustained with a home-made diet
— rich, complete and com-
petitive.

Professor Tamuno was further
of the view that.“to do otherwise
is to inflict incalculable damage
on Nigeria’s image at home and
abroad.”

The chairman argued that a
demonstration of strength with
firmness of would con-
vince actual and potential friends
and enemies alike of the coun-
‘try’s ability to defend its genuine
national -interests outside the
‘country.

He therefore suggested that
Nigeria’s foreign policy for the
1990s and beyond needs a
redefinition in terms of what its
economy and sustainable

He argued that for Hi

le argued that foreign policy
which is understood ‘“‘as the em-
bodiment of the national interest
extra-territorially makes little
sense without a viable nation-
state. which successfully resists
all attempts to sell its body and
soul to the creditors and interests
of other nations.”

Professor Tamuno attributed
the success of Nigeria's overt and
covert interventions in the crisis
over in ndence for Angola
and Zimbabwe in the 1970s stem-
med from her strength and con-
fidence at home.

He said, “no such ventures
over Namibia or South Africa can
compel a similar turn of events
for as long as Nigeria's economy
and domestic fortunes do not im-
press vested interests abroad.”

The chairman was of the view
that some of these vested in-
terests happened to be not only
Nigeria’s principal trading part-
ners but also South Africa’s best
friends.

Professor Tamuno also argued
that the country’s domestic pro-
blems also afféct our defence
mechanisms and posture outside
the country adding that the coun-

‘try’s image would suffer in the

comity of nations and among

‘trading partners who value both
stability and security of in-
vestments.

Professor Tamuno argued that
it was because of such reasons
and many more others that the
crisis of development strikes at
the roots of at least three key
issues.

65

JPRS*SSA“85*111
12 November 1985

NIGERIA



JPRS*SSA“85~111
12 November 1985

Dr Boley said that the Ministry of Education is very much concerned about the
welfare of teachers, and said that the government is doing everything possible
to ensure that the teachers are properly taken care of by government.

Meanwhile, officials of the Ministry of Education yesterday invited the execu-
tive committee of the NULT to an emergency meeting with the view of resolving
the situation and also to persuade them to return to classes. But up till
press time yesterday they had not returned from the meeting.

Hospital Workers Begin Slowdown
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 10 Oct 85 pp 1, 6

[fext/ Inspite of vigorous denials by hospital authorities, it is now appar-
ent that employees at the J. F. K. Medical Center are on a "go slow" strike and
in some cases have refused to treat patients.

Our reporter who visited the complex Tuesday night said several expectant mothers
in severe pain were turned away when they went to the Liberian-Japanese Mater-
nity Hospitel for delivery.

This paper has learnt that two of the expectant mothers that were refused
admission to the maternity hospital delivered their babies in the taxis that
were carrying them, while an accident victim turned down by the hospital's
emergency section died en route to another hospital.

The acting general administrator of the hospital, Jerome M. Ngangana, denied
strike rumours Monday in an interview with this paper saying that everything
was well and the employees were expected to begin receiving their July cheques
on Tuesday.

According to Dr Ngangana, the funds for the encashment of the July salary che-
ques were transferred to the National Housing and Savings Bank.

But yesterday morning, the situation took a different turn when nurses, doctors
and other employees at the center decided to lay down their tools in demand of
the three months arrears owed them by government.

Patients who had gone to the center for treatment yesterday morning waited for
hours without being treated.

When the nurses director was contacted our reporter was told that the nurses
director was not the appropriate authority to comment on the strike.

Neither the doctors milling around nor any top staff member were willing to
comment on the issue. The acting general administrator, Dr Ngangana also
declined to grant our reporter an interview because of "heavy schedule".

Most of the center's offices were empty as well, while a nurse said she was
told by her colleagues to sign and "get out of the Office".

20



Comrade Gezahegn noted on the occasion the praiseworthy activities of
the campaigners in translating into deeds the plan worked out by the
Politburo of the CC of the WPE in areas of their deployment. He
urged them to apply their experiences gained during their term of duty
in their respective localities.

/12828
CSO: 3400/244



JPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

LIBERIA

DECREE 11 CALLS FOR NEW BANK

Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 3 Oct 85 p 3

Ffext]

/12851
cso: 300/261

The Interim National As-
sembly (INA) has promulga-
ted Decree Number Eleven
authorizing. the Head of
State, CIC Dr. Samuel K.
Doe, to establish a spe-
cialized bank known as the
"Afro Continental Bank."

According to the decree,
the Head of State has been
empowered to take measures
Mecessary to make and en-
sure that such banking
system conforms strickly
with guidelines to be pro-
mulgated later,

The INA further authori-
zed Dr Doe: to promulgate
such rules and regulations
for the establishment and
operation of the security
division within the bank
and exempt the Afro Con-
tinental Bank from pro-
visions of the Financial
Institutions Act of 1974
as amended in 1978 and
1985.

The bank shall train Li-
berians in the specialized
banking profession, pro-
vide access to banking for
the population as a whole

25

with no minimum deposit
required.

The decree said this
would enable funds to cir-
culate in the economy by
making. them available to
stimulate business,

The decree further said
the Afro Continental| Bank,
by treaty, shall share
cash profits realized at
the end of its fiscal year
with government, and that
the Chairman of the bank
shall be appointed by the
Head of State as permanent
advisor to him and to the
Director of Security De-
partment to deal with the
affairs of the bank.

The Head of State has
also been empowered to ap-
point a Director of Se-
curity at the bank with
the advice and consent of
the executives of the bank

It would also have the
aims and objectives of
maintaining a gold reserve
and other pecunary modes
of exchange to support and
back the legally tendered
currency in Liberia,



CONSUMER BOYCOTT IN CAPE, TRANSVAAL INTENSIFY

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 16 Oct 85 p 5

[Krticle by Joshua Raboroko/

Ltext/

JHE “consumer

: boycotts in the
Cape and
Transvaal seem likely
tolast until after
Christmas, destroying
retailers’ hopes of
strong seasonal buy-
ing to offset previous
loss of business. .
A spokesman of the
retailing committee of.
the CBD said if the con-,
sumer boycotts go on

‘until December it could

have a “disastrous ef-,

_ fect” on business.

The boycotts have
been initiated by trade,
unions and community-
based organisations in

, the wake of the state of

emergency and the de-
sire by the parties to
force employers to pres-.
surise the Government:

.to bring meaningful

change in the country.
The boycotts appear
to be intensifying in
some areas of the coun-
try while dying out in

‘others. They are water-"

tight in the Easter Cape,
intensifying in the West-
ern Cape, but relatively

poorly supported on the
‘Reef. :

©@ Trade union unity
talks aimed at forniing a

“super federation” took
another twist this week
when participating
‘unions expressed opin-
sions that they wished to
‘open doors to all unions
to be involved.

The opening of doors
means that the unions
are subtly inviting the
Council of Unions of

:South Africa (Cusa),°

which withdrew from
the talks and the Aza-
nian Confederation of
Trade Unions (Azactu),
which was excluded
from subsequent talks
following the July sum-
mit in Soweto. ~

Cusa is willing to dis-
cuss the invitation with
its members, while
Azactu has remained si-
lent. The unity unions
are to meet next week to
discuss the final stages
of the inauguration con-
ference on November 30
and December 1.

© Two leading unions
in the electrical trade —
the Electrical and Allied
Trade Union (EATU).
and the Electrical and
Allied Workers Union
(EAWU) — are merg-
ing to represent all black
workers in the industry.

The new union will

94

SOUTH AFRICA

have between 25 000 to.
30000 members when
the merger is completed.
and intends seeking -af-
filiation with the South
African Co-ordinating
Council of the Interna-
tional Metalworkers
Federation.

®@ Toyota manufac-
turing in Durban has the
first automobile com-
pany to agree to pay
maternity leave. The
agreement, signed with
the National Auto-
mobile and Allied
Workers Union
(Naawu), has provided
for four, months mater-
nity leave.

A formula has been
jagreed upon whereby
the company will ensure
that any woman on
maternity leave will re-
ceive 70 percent of her
normal benefits.

¢ NAAWU and
BMW have signed a rec-
ognition agreement —
probably the second in
the country — giving
workers limited but ef-

“fective right to strike.

The newly signed
agreement provides that
in the event of a strike
authorised by the union,
workers will not be; dis-


/12828
cso:

3400/240

Let us remember that a
state of emergency ex- ,
ists in the country. Just '
as the police are given
powers to circumvent

courts, legislation

can be introduced to cir-
cumvent the tortuous
es of discussion.

If a state of emergen-
g, can be declared
, while Parliament is not
in session, remedies to
counter the causes of
the emergency can be‘
~~ introduced without Par

Hament. :

These then are the consid-
erations if we are to engineer
even the smallest positive
impact on our standing in the
international community.

then fe might ze ell pet
us then we as well put
1 the shutters and become a

ird world republic. To be a
member of the world club,
we will have to abide by its
rules,

Image building, or public
Telations, is a. crucial and
complex task. Gains will not
pe achieved merely by creat. :

ig @ new government de-
partment. a

ing depart.

Rather, exist
_ ments should be Wen 8 post-

tive le of what
frank and jonest public ‘ac’

Impact

Effective public relations,
to gain maximum impact in
the domestic situation and
nay wl have to be ane
na, ive to
and acted out by the State
President himself.

To do this he will have to
show true understanding of,
and commitment to, a full

‘word, deed and act.

Ultimately it is the State
President who is the chief
image-bearer of South Africa
both at home and in the out-
side world. Creating an infor-
mation bureau is a start, but
it is not enough.

He himself will have to be-
come South Africa’s market- +
ing man of the year if he is to.
ip the country now when it !

87



IPRS*SSA“85*111
12 November 1985

ETHIOPIA

ROLE OF MILITARY COMMISSARIAT REVIEWED
Two-day Seminar
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Oct 85 pp 1,2

[Text] A two-day seminar centered on the role of the military commissariat
in organizing the people's. army went. under way at the commissariat's
main assembly hall here yesterday.

Attending the parley are commissars and deputy commissars of all the 15
administrative regions and representatives of the ministries of interior
and defence, the Reyolutionary Police and mass organizations.

Opening the seminar, Comrade Major General Siyum Makonnen, member of the
CC of the WPE and head, with the rank of Vice Minister, of the Military
Commissariat in the Mi-organization was the source of strength. He said
the youth have responded to the proclamation providing for the establishment
of the National Military Service (NMS) and have been discharging their
task alongside the regular army during the last two recruitment and
training schemes. Other Ethiopians have been and are being organized
and trained to defend the nation's unity and territorial integrity and
the revolutionary process as revolution defence squad members in the
urban areas and as territorial militia in the hinterland, Comrade Maj.
Gen. Siyum stated.

The experience gained from. the seminar organized the second round recruitment
and deployment programme has proved valuable in strengthening the NMS

scheme, Comrade Maj. Gen. Siyum said, adding that participants of the
present parley should go about discharging their task in the belief that

the outcome of their deliberations will contribute to the nation-building
process currently under way.

Present at the seminar were also Comrade Endale Tessema, member of the
CC of the WPE Minister of Interior, and other officials,



INDUSTRY TO CALL FOR TALKS WITH ALL LEADERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Oct 85 p 10

Ltext/

/12851

SOUTH Africa’s most
immediate problem is to
normalise its internat-
ional payments position
by demonstrating that the
Government is capable of
managing its political and
economic problems by éf-
fectively implementing
the necessary reform in-
itiatives.

This was said by the
president of the South
African Federated
Chamber of Industries
(FCI), Mr John Wilson

yesterday, regarding the:

forthcoming executive
council meeting of the
federation in Durban next
week.

“The FCI will be debat-
ing the extremely serious
situation facing South
Africa and reviewing the
role ‘that the business
community is playing in
the areas of political re-
form and economic re-
construction,” he said.

“The FCI has accepted
that areturn to péace and
prosperity is only possible
through a process of gen-
uine negotiation between
Government and all com-

cso: 3400/274

93.

munity leaders on an
open agenda. for power

" sharing,” he said,

Among the speakers at

* next week’s FCI meeting:

will be Dr Nthato Motla-
na, Professor Laurence
Schlemmer and _ Chief

Minister Mangosuthu Bu-:

thelezi.

Some of the topics to
be discussed are: “‘Busi-
ness and Reform in South
Africa”, “Labour Re-
lations, unemployment
and unrest,” and “Busi-
ness and a positive urban-
isation strategy.”

Chief Buthelezi is likely
to give his views on the
proposed development of
a Natal/KwaZulu dispen-
sation, strongly supported

by industry and -com-

merce in Natal.

The Chamber will also
review its activities for the
year and ratify its pro-
gramme of action for
1986. Particular attention
will be given to the effec-
tiveness of its lobbying
operations within the new
tricameral political struc-

‘ture.

JPRS*SSA+85~*111
12 November 1985

SOUTH ALRLUA


“Job advertisements alate

(000 column cm) money to
180 finance un-

FA employment
160 payments,

if he ac:

4

140 ‘companying

lad} 120 frat regis.

* 100 :tered non-
¥ black jobless-
60 ness Bi as

nearly dou-

YL [2 bled tis year

40 to more than
70 000.

. This figure
. Source: Standard Bank comes from
Registered white, coloured and indian the Depart-

‘ hs ment of Man-
_ unemployment (000) power and
Lh : does not in-

/ 80: clude people

who have not
/ 60, ‘informed

them that

are oul
©) of work.

. Registered

7 30) black unem-

loyment is
20 Eround the

j foe 000 mark,
uta mor
eal olan lrealistic

‘Staridard Bank figure is four

Todd

‘times as high.

Clichés’ are usually
frowned upon by writers and
readers alike, but this Is one
case where they are neces-
sary in the telling of a story.

Recruitment advertising
agencies, which are arguably
having their toughest time in
the 3A job market, relate
several when commenting on
the state of their industry.

. , Employers tell them that
they are keeping things on
ice, or shelving pi or sit-
ting on the fence ... simply
other ways of saying at
business is bad and they are
freezing vacancies,

Reluctant

Jack Bensch, of Bates,
"Clive, Wheeler & Bensch,
says many employers are in-
decisive “and reluctant to
commit themselves (and
their money) to taking on
new staff — even if they need
: them.

“Even the mining and tech-

nical areas, which have tradi-

ally been major clients

for recruitment advertising

agencles, are cutting back on
ff requirements.

98



JPRS*SSA*85+111
12 November 1985

SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS DESPITE BOYCOTTS--Matric examinations would definitely
start on Friday since the majority of schools in the country were not affected
by the unrest and boycotts, the chief public relations officer of the Depart-
ment of Education and Training (DET), Mr Job Schoeman, said today. He said
requests from some areas to have the examinations postponed, had been submit-
ted to the deputy minister of education, Mr Sam de Beer. Mr Schoeman said a
relatively small percentage of the schools was affected and that would not
stop the examinations as a whole. Mr Schoeman said his department did not
control the matric examinations. "There are other education departments and
bodies involved. They too have to investigate the possibility of postponing
the examinations before any final decision can be taken." He said his
department might release a statement tomorrow about the writing of matric
examinations. The Soweto Parents Crisis Committee told pupils and parents at
a weekend meeting that it had negotiated with Mr de Beer that high school
examinations should be postponed to next year. [rext] [Johannesburg SAPA in
English 0759 GMT 22 Oct 85 MB]

DEATH THREATS RECEIVED--Cape Town, 23 Oct, SAPA-~Progressive Federal Party
McP [member of Provincial Council | for Gardens, Mrs Di Bishop, and her
husband, Brian, both received death threats in the post today. Mr Bishop,
the vice-chairman of the Civil Rights ‘League, said the letter addressed to
him read: "You and your darling wifey, Di, are on an extermination list.
Your family is up for consideration. A white pro-white." The letter to Mrs
Bishop, which was in a different handwriting and in a different type of
envelope read: "Die you bloody hag. I'll kill you.” Mr Bishop said both
letters had been posted on October 16 and bore Cape Town postmarks. He said
they would not "bother" to report the threats to the police. The death
threats come shortly after the Bishop's home was teargassed after the End
Conscription Campaign peace rally in the Cape Town City Hall on October 7.
[text] [rchannesbure SAPA in’ English 1543 GMT 23 Oct 85 MB]

/12929
CSO: 3400/273

114



JPRS*SSA+85~111
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MANJACAZE CONSIDERED MOST ADVANCED SOCIALIZED FARMING DISTRICT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] The provincial director of construction and water in Gaza considers the
district of Manjacaze to be the most advanced in the socialization of agricul-
ture. Victor Malapenda made this assertion at the conclusion of a working
visit of nearly a month to.the district, where he observed over 100,000 persons
now living in 72 communal villages, with a minimum of infrastructure and organi-
zation.

That member of the Gaza provincial committee expressed the. view that the success
of the rapid. organization of the population into communal villages was due to
the exhaustive mobilization action that the party and state agencies are still
carrying out in the entire district, aimed at better pooling of the efforts to
combat famine and the armed bandits.

Addressing the members of the district government, Victor Malapenda claimed that
the increase in the communal villages and the influx of the population into

the production centers and organized living must be matched with an equal effort
to create social infrastructures that will ensure a rapid stabilization of the
population's existence, in the areas of health, housing, and water in particular.

Commenting on features associated with his field, Victor Malapenda gave precise
instructions so that the survey of the requirements in equipment for the water
supply for the population would be completed as quickly as possible; at the
game time announcing that he would place a tractor at the district's disposal
to facilitate the travel of technicians to repair damaged wells.

In his assessment of the work in the district, that official said that the
construction of schools and hospital units must be intensified in all the
communal villages. He recommended that the district government, starting now
and in cooperation with the provincial government, should study the status of
the school system, to respond to the new conditions that the socialization. of
agriculture has imposed.

Victor Malapenda praised all the agencies of the communal villages, particularly
those of Chicogolo, for their high degree of organization, which is reflected
in the collective life-style and the extent of the village's infrastructural
development.

61



" JPRS+SSA+85«111
12 November 1985

NIGERIA

BABANGIDA ADDRESSES TRADITIONAL RULERS
Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 6 Oct 85 pp 1,4
[Article by Nkem Agetua]

[Text] Traditional rulers in the country have been assigned the responsibility
of promoting the spirit of unity and integration amongst all Nigerians.

The President, Major General Ibrahim Babangida, in his first meeting with
the nation's traditional rulers yesterday at the State House, Marina, said
that they should be the main stabilizing agents in the society.

He told them that "the peaceful co-existence of citizens therefore rests
on your shoulders squarely and I.expect that as part of your contribution
to the success of the government, you will ensure the stability."

General Babangida urged them to be showing examples in the "singleness of
purpose in upholding and enhancing unity of the country in your inter-
actions with your peers and relattonship with the other people's of
Nigeria."

He pointed out that a credible role has been outlined for traditional
rulers where they perform as impartial advisers who should see the entire
society as their area of operation.

The president adyised them that as traditional rulers they were expected
to serve as fathers. to their people "guiding them in the path of rectitide
as you embody the accumulated wisdom of the land enshrined in our customs,
traditions and culture.

He expressed the administration's belief that the burden of rulership
would be considerably more bearable, socially more acceptable and truly
more effective where the people from all walks of life were geniunely
encouraged to regard the government as their own.

General Babangida pointed out ‘that this they would do if the opportunity

was offered them to contribute in ideas, time and resources to the solutions
of the problems that beset the nation,

67



IJPRS*SSA+85*111
12 November 1985

The participants of the seminar pledged to exert unreserved effort to
ensure the success of the WPE programme in this regard. Comrade Brig.
Gen. Afework Wolde-Michael, Head of the National Military Service and
Civil Defence Main Department, said at the closing session of the seminar
that the training of the youth should be strictly done according to plans
and programmes to achieve the desired objectives. Comrade Brig. Gen.
Afework later gave special prizes to centres which had shown outstanding
results in the second round of the National Military Service. [Text]
[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 11 Oct 85 p 5]

WPE CADRES WELCOMED--MAKELE--The first round WPE cadres who were mobilized
from Tigrai region and deployed in rehabilitation centres in Gambella
and Metema were warmly welcomed on their return here yesterday after
completing their tour of duty. On hand to welcome the campaigners were
Comrade Mulugeta Hagos, member of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary
of the regional WPE Committee, Comrade Maj. Gen. Kefelegn Yibza, member
of the CC of the WPE and Head of ‘the regional military command and
regional administration, as well as regional WPE Committee members and
representatives of government agenctes and-mass organizations, - Comrade
Mulugeta commended the activities undertaken by the WPE cadres in helping
implement the rehabilitation programme worked out by the Party and the
Revolutionary Government, [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in
English 11 Oct 85 p 1]

REGIONAL PARTY MEETINGS-~Regional party committee meetings are presently
under way to review political, economic, social and other fields in each
region and to implement the resolutions adopted by the Third Regular
Plenum of the CC of the WPE. Agenda items and reports were presented to
these WPE committee meetings by the WPE committee first secretaries,
following which intensive discussions were conducted. Discussions at
the meetings also focused on the prepartions for the implementation

of the rehabilitation programme and measures’to be taken to improve the
productivity in the agricultural sector. In addition, discussions were
carried out on the reports of regional WPE Control Commissions by the
WPE committee meetings which also approved plans of their respective
areas for the coming six months. The meetings were held in Kaffa,
Tigrai, Bale, Gojjam, and Gondar regions earlier and in Addis Ababa,
Gamo Goffa, Sidamo and Arssi yesterday. Similar meetings will be held
in Hararghe, Wollo, Eritrea and Illubabor regions today. [Text] [Addis
Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 10 Oct 85 pp 1, 6]

/12828
CSO: 3400/244

12



missed for four wéeks.
The union may only
authorise a strike after it
has gone through’ the
agreed negotiation. and
disputes procedures.

@ Naawu has re-
solved to extend its
‘bursary scheme to the
dependents of members
who: are entering uni-
versity. The scheme,
started two years ago,
previously catered for
dependants of members
who were studying for
standard 9. Applications
for high school and uni-
versity bursaries should
be forwarded to: The
General Secretary,
Naawu, PO Box 4097,
Port Elizabeth, 6014.

@ Naawu has joined.
other Fosatu unions in
calling for the State of
Emergency to be lifted.
Fosatu has also called
for ‘troops to be re-
moved from the town-
ships. Naawu also called '

* for the release of all de-
tainees and the granting

_ of political rights to all
South Africans.

©@ Thousands of
workers throughout the
country observed a‘mo- :

‘ ment of silence or held!
prayer meetings in hon-
our of the National Day
of Prayer called by the
National Initiative for
Reconciliation, accord-
ing to union sources.
‘The sources say some

/12851
cso: 3400/27

95

employers had given
© The Minister of
Manpower has not as

yet appointed a concilia-
tion board to settle the
wage dispute between
thé Black Allied Mining
and Construction Work-
ers Union (Bamcwu)
and Samancor company.

Bamewu’s secretary
Mr M Motsomi said the
company has written to
the Minister not to ap-
point the board, but
they have beenin-
formed by officials of
the Department of Man-
power that the depart-
ment will appoint the
board.

© REPRESENTA-
TIVES of the private
sector and trade unions
met the Minister of !
Manpower, Mr Piet du
Plessis this week to dis-
cuss details of State-as-
sisted job-creating pro-
jects as part of the re-
cently announced R600-
million economic relief
package to counter
widespread unemploy-
ment.

@ The Industrial
Court has rejected an
‘application by the Engi-
neering and Allied
Workers Union to have
65 workers sacked by a
multi-national, Winding
Wire, reinstated. The
workers were dismissed,
during a strike over
wages.


/12851
cso: 3400/261

‘form a political par~

ty,. "I did so with
absolute faith and
hope in God." :
_ Mr. Kpolleh who was
vather. soft spoken,
added that his - aim
was and remains to be
the unification of
all Liberians as a
means. of preventing
any repetition of the
evils which -he said
haunted the people of
Liberia for 133 years
leading to the April
12, 1980 coup.
He noted that’ he
and all other politi-
cians now found them-
selves campaigning
with men and women in
arms "under martial
law . for civilian
political office,
“thus making- the de~
mocratic ‘process ra-
ther difficult.” ~
"LUP is however: de-
termined as ever. be-
fore.to remain in: the
race yntil. it wins

‘total victory for all

of its candidates,
and "the voters will
decide the issue in
our favour should we
face any problem: in
exercising every ef-
fort to solve it," he
pointed out.

Mr. Kpolleh stated
that upon’ taking
oath, his government
shall institute pri-
son reforms, and en-
sure the protection
of human rights which
he added, is of para-
mount interest, to the

party.

17



zones. In fact, the Agricultural Machine Operation Mechanical School (EMOMA)
was assigned responsibility for cultivating the peasants' productive areas
located on the outskirts of the provincial capital, so as ‘to guarantee that
every family will have a growing area of at least 2 hectares.

This decision was made by the first secretary and governor of Tete, Eduardo
Arao, during his recent visit to the family sector farms in the city. It
is a deciding factor for the expansion of the production areas, primarily
for the family sector, in the provincial capital of Tete.

In fulfillment of the instructions from the governor of Tete to have famine
really eliminated through the recruitment of the population for farm production,
EMOMA is working on the farms of the Matundo District peasants,

Two weeks ago, when the cultivation work was started in the Matundo District,
an area of 60 hectares was completed. At present, all that is needed is a team
from the city of Tete's executive council which will divide this cultivated
area into plots, so that every family will have at least 2 hectares of land for
the 1985-86 agricultural campaign.

The EMOMA tractor operators are expending efforts to fulfill the established
plans, so that the cultivation will be completed within the stipulated planned
time. "We don't want to jeopardize the peasants' production plan," our reporter
was told by one of the EMOMA tractor operators working in the Matundo District.
He also disclosed that, for the cultivation, two machines and four tractor
operators had been assigned, working in shifts during the morning and afternoon.

The director of the Agricultural Machine Operation Mechanical School in Tete
claimed that the peasants in the Matundo District have expressed great enthusi-
asm for the government's action in preparation for the 1985-86 agricultural
campaign. Most of the family sector producers hope for success in this
campaign, because their preparation was started at the proper time.

In the area where the cultivation is under way, water tanks may be built to
bring in irrigation through gravity. In that area, one can also observe water
tanks that were used years ago for irrigation. The family sector farmers must
be mobilized for this purpose, so as to organize them for the acquisition of a
pump and engine. The head of EMOMA later remarked: "We think that this is the
only way in which we can stop depending on the rain."

It should be noted that the collection of money for the cultivation carried

out by EMOMA on the peasants' farms will be provided for by the executive
council, following the division of the areas into plots.

2909
CSO: | 3442/16

46



JPRS+SSA*85"111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POPULATION CENSUS 1985

Johannesburg IIR INFORMATION SHEET in English Aug 85 plg

Chart, ~
Loart] POPULATION CENSUS 1985
The first results of the 1985 Population Census indicating the geographical distribution of the population have been
released: .
Cape 1985 5.044 419 1212052 2 398 489 29167 71
1980 4510 103 1440 622 2.098 735 29800 4 240 946
Natal 1985 2 147 902 860797 94 235, 638 488 954 382
1980 2 280 427 510 995 84 380 598 808 1086 304
Transvaal 1985 7579 888 2.468 159 265 460 123 264 4723 005
1980 7083 596 2 227 690 211 907 109 438 4534 561
OFS. 1985 1775 722 330 802 62095 70 1382 755
1980 1647 826 314 769 54 588 0 1278 469
Kwazulu 1985 3744 380 1800 2837 2941 3736 802
1980 2 801 732 16.405 2413 8070 2774 884
Kangwane 1985 390 103 452 ‘854 14 388 783
1980 142 166 1488 176 29 140 473
Qwaawa 1985 183 142 381 118 14 182 629
1980 135 027 374 516 0 134 137
Gazankulu 1985, 495 993 839 167 0 494 987
1980 418 699 1475 463 656 416 105
Lebowa . 1985 1 844315 1403, 692 14 1 842 206
1980 1402 616 4251 4382 558 1393 425
Kwandebele 1985, 232 726 5 147 6° 232 568
1980 428 108 203 266 33 127 606
Total RSA. 1985 23 438 590 4576 690 2.825 094 793 978 15 242 829
1980 20 550 300 4218 212 2.457 826 747 392 13 126 870

(Central Statistical Services 2/8/85)

/12851
cso: 300/275

91



te (CARI) is commendable,
Similar support should be
given to the College of
Agriculture and Forestry
at the University of Li-
beria as it is the highest
agricultural training in-
stitution in’ the country.

b) | A comprehensive and
more coordinated Agricul-
tural Extension Program
must be designed. Through
egricultural extension
programs, farmers can be
made aware of and educa-
ted about research results
regarding new or improved
crop varieties and breeds
of animals as well as go-
vernment agricultural de-
velopment policies. By the
same token, extension can
help researchers and go-.
vernment policy-making bo-
dies ‘get some feedback
in terms of the needs and
views of the farmers. The
critical role of extension
in agriculture has yet to
be understood and appre-
ciated in Liberia, Exten-
sion gives meaning to re-
search and. government's
agricultural: development
efforts. But as the Minis-
‘try of Agriculture (1980)
succintly notes in its
monograph entitled Libe-
fia's Agricultural Deve-
lopment: Policy and Orga-
nizational Structure, "a
gomprehensive and cohesive
extension program does not
exist" and "relatively few
farmers have been reached
or affected by extension
activities."

c¢) Attractive price and
credit facilities must be
given to farmers. Farmers,
subsistence farmers for
“that matter, are willing
to produce extra food be-

29

yond the subsistance le-
vel if they can expect
fair prices for their pro-
duce. Along the same vein,
credit facilities which
may be in cash or kind
(fertilizer, seeds, tools,
etc) are necessary ca-
talysts for food produc-
tion, Yet, this is one of
the mejor bottlenecks to
food production in Libe-
ria, According to. Terpeh
(1982),, , of the — total
848. given
in agricultural loans be~
tween January and June 30,
1982 by the Agricultural
and Cooperative. Develop-
ment Bank, only $24,250
(1,148). was given for the
production of food crops.
Such a . situation cer-
tainly does not indicate
any substance in solving
the much’ publicized pro-
blem of self-sufficiency:

in food production in Li-
beria, .

d) Adequate storage faci-
lities must be provided
to preserve the seascnal
local food production and
reduce the chronic pro-
blem of post harvest los-
ses. Also related to sto-
rage is the need to open
up adequate channels. for
the distribution of food
produced by farmers to
reach all parts of the
country. .
e) Sound © agricultural
education programs for our
secondary schools must be
pursued,. Such programs
will not only be aimed at
encouraging young people
to go into farming, : but
will also create en avare-
ness and appreciation in
thee young people for the
important role of agricul-


JPRS“SSA“85*111
12 November 1985

LIBERIA

LAP BLOCKED FROM HOLDING RALLY IN MARGIBI
Monrovia FOOTPRINTS TODAY in English 4 Oct 85 pp 1, 10

[Text] A planned campaign rally for members and supporters of the Liberia
Action Party in Margibi County, is reported to have met with serious setback,
as local government officials there are said to be continuing to block the
way of LAP members.

The reports which were quoted by a LAP press release issued yesterday, say
that Superintendent Bohn has advised LAP officials that they can not hold

any rally in Margibi County tomorrow because as he puts it, "the Head of State
will be passing through Kakata, Harbel, and Smell-No-Taste, enroute to Bassa
on the same day.”

The release said, "LAP is of the opinion that Superintendent Bohn is suggest-
ing that two political parties can not campaign in the same area on the same
day, even though a letter advising him of LAP's planned rally was sent to him
since Monday, September 30th."

"ye do not want to believe that the officials of government cannot guarantee,
LAP as well as other political parties other than the NDPL, protection during
their campaign tours," the release noted.

According to the release, the matter has already been reported to SECOM, the
agency responsible for electoral matters.

"However, LAP's Executive Committee has decided that the rally will go ahead
as planned. We expect the Government to give: Liberians, irrespective of
political affiliation, full protection", the release concluded.

LAP's presidential candidate Jackson F. Doe and other top officials of the

party, including Montserrado senatorial candidate Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, are
expected to address the rally.

19274
cso: 3400/260

13



laid and everything else depends on the management level of the enterprises,
the extent to which the economic calculation system is being used by them,

It must be mentioned that the vast state sector in agriculture works in all
socialist countries and reveals a high degree of economic efficiency. It has
become a big producer of food and raw materials, giving the state budget a
significant portion of the profits. I would thus like to say a few words now
in defense of the state enterprises to forestall any false interpretations of
the ineffectiveness of the state sector under the conditions of a transitional
and mixed economy, in other words, interpretations which often are made by
some outsider or which are disclosed by incompetent persons. It is necessary
to differentiate the state sector as such and its bad or good management. An
enterprise in any sector cannot reveal the necessities inherent in its nature
if it is poorly managed.

5058
CSO: 3442/12

57



DU PLESSIS:

NO BAN ON CHROME EXPORTS ENVISIONED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Oct 85 p 9

Grext]

SOUTH Africa yester-
day ruled out an em-
bargo on supplies of
strategic metals vital to
the West in retaliation
for anti-Pretoria sanc-
tions.

Platinum prices rose
sharply on world markets
on Wednesday after deal-
ers interpreted . remarks
by the State President,
Mr P W Botha, as a poss-
ible threat to cut off a
mineral supplies.

Mr Botha told a by-
election rally on Monday
that a block on exports of
chrome from South Afri-
ca, which faces a barrage
of sanctions over its race
policies, could. put one
million American jobs at
tisk and close down the
European Car industry.

Finance Minister Mr
Barend du Plessis said in
an interview yesterday:
“The President = men-
tioned that to illustrate
his. firmly-held opinion
that boycotts and sanc-
tions of any kind are fun-
damentally foolish.

“It was definitely not a
threat but an indication
that that kind of action is
not only foolish in terms
of the country of origin
but that it cuts both
ways,” he said.

Sanctions wrong
“It indicates why we
still maintain that +sanc-

tions are wrong and not
the way to achieve politi-
cal or other objectives,”
he said.

South Africa produced
about 72 tons of platinum
last year or about 84 per-
cent of world supply. Its
“share of total world chro-
me production amounted
to about 31 percent.

Asked if he completely
ruled out a minerals em-
bargo, Mr Du Plessis
said: “The President him-
self, in the way he worded
his speech, was virtually
categoric in his statement
that he rejects sanctions
against us or by us.”

Mr Du Plessis, in a
wide-ranging’ interview,
said he was optimistic that
South Africa could reach
an amicable agreement
with its creditor banks on
rescheduling its debt.

Debt frozen

Pretoria has frozen, for
four months until the end
of December, repayment
of foreign debt, totalling
about $24-billion, after a
financial crisis when for-
eign banks refused to re-
new credit lines in Au-
gust:

Creditor banks and a
délegation from Pretoria
met on Wednesday in
London for talks on how.
to repay the debt.

Mr Du Plessis said pro-
gress had been made. He
declined to give details of

110

IJPRS*SSA*85*111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

the talks or South Africa’ 's
objectives,

Some commercial
bankers have said Pre-
toria might seek to extend
the repayment moratori-
um until the end of next
year.

Mr Du Plessis said: “I
am optimistic that an ami-
cable agreement will be
reached": evéntttally' * be?”
cause of the fact that
South Africa is in an en-
tirely unique position as a
debtor.

“We have been able to
meet our interést and
dividend and other com-
mitments which find
themselves outside the
(standstill) net. We don’t
need to borrow money to
keep on paying our inter-
est and dividend pay-
ments,”-he said,

Recovery
Mr Du Plessis said the
South African economy
was on the road to a mod-
erate recovery, forecast-

ing growth next year after

elminating the effects of -
inflation of about three
percent compared with a
decline of about one per-
cent this year.

He sharply attacked
foreign media coverage of
South Africa.

“The perception of.
South Africa up to now is
definitely way beyond, far
away from the reality. In
the media representation


JPRS“SSA*85~*111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ALTOLEVEL QUITS CAPE--Altolevel, one of South Africa's largest recruitment
advertising agencies, is pulling out of Cape Tow and will in future concen-
trate its efforts on its operations in Johannesburg and Durban. "It is with
enormous reluctance and regret that we close our doors in Cape Town after nine
years, but the market is frankly not big enough to sustain the type of pro-
fessionalism and professional talent we consider necessary," said Paul Brand,
managing director of Altolevel. Mr Brand said that companies on the Wit-
watersrend and in Natal have been quick to understand that recruitment adver-
tising, like conventional advertising, must be based on good research in order
to be effective. "For instance, a large proportion of Natal's recruitment
advertising is now being channelled through specialist agencies like outselves."
[text] /Sohennesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Oct 85 p 237

ROAD CONSTRUCTION FUNDS--The level of government participation in public
projects was not the sole reason for the construction industry's dilemma,
Deputy Director-General of Transport Ronnie Meyer has said. He told the
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors' annual meeting, in Johannesburg
last week, that the National Road Fund and the Transvaal would have spent
R1,022bn on rural roads and road maintenance this year. Since January the
National Transport Commission had awarded 32 contracts worth R310m to the
private sector. They varied between R80,000 and Rliim. He said the purchasing
power of NRF funds, taking into account inflation, had in real terms been only
half of what it was in 1976. ‘The Cabinet would soon consider offers from
businessmen for the Springs-Krugersdorp road and sections of the national road
between Durban and Johannesburg. For these projects, Meyer said, the private
sector would provide finance, construct sections of the routes and operate
toll roads for certain periods wmtil the NIC took over. /By Pretoria Bureau/
[text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 Oct 85 p oP

CONTAINER SHIPPING RECORD--Conference Lines container shippers have set a new
record in refrigerated exports to Europe. For the first time since the intro-
duction of a refrigerated cellular cargo service in LOTT by SAECS -- the
Southern Africa Europe Container Service -- more than 500,000 freight tons
have been exported to Europe in one year. A Conference Lines spokesman said
the total for the year to June 30 was 504,000 tons. Of this > 54% went to
north-west Europe, 40% to Britain, and 6% to Mediterranean countries. Among
the major export improvements were: Avocado pears » up to 18,837 freight tons
from 10,372 the previous year; Chilled/frozen beef exports up 20% from 19,792

112



"Rebel' Farmers Give Free Greens to Public.

(THE CITIZEN, 25 Oct 85) ii cic edad cece esas sce e ccc e cease 103
Government Neglect Blamed for Port City's Decline

(BUSINESS DAY, 22 Oct 85) icccce ccc csc eed sec e chs c ccc ees 104
Possible Maize Surplus. Expected

(Alan Sendzul; BUSINESS DAY, 21 Oct 85). See c ccc cece ewes 106
Import Levy Seen Hurting Farmers

(Madden Cole; THE CITIZEN; 25 Oct 85) Li secccc ccc cseee 108
Sharp Rise “in Balance of Trade Reported

(THE CITIZEN, 25 Oct 85) ccescecscccsccdcescceccs 109
Du Plessis: No Ban on Chrome Exports Envisioned.

(THE CITIZEN, 25 Oct 85) wesc ced cece cece ccc cece cece ces 110
Briefs

Altolevel Quits Cape 112

Road Construction Funds 112

Container Shipping Record 112

Coal, Paraffin Sales 113

Property Prices 113

Television Crew in Custody 113

School Examinations Despite Boycotts 114

Death Threats Received 114

ZIMBABWE

Briefs

New Zealand Diplomatic Mission 115

-e-



JPRS*SSA*85~*111
12 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY CLAIMS UN HAS 'PERVERTED' IDEALS OF CHARTER
MB240629 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 24 Oct 85
[Station Commentary: "The UN Recora"]

[text] The United Nations celebrates its 40th anniversary today. Among the
representatives of its western founder nations, no doubt there will be those
who will reflect on the extent to which the world body has perverted the high
ideals with which it was founded. But they are not likely to speak their
thoughts out loud.

Secretary General Perez de Cuellar, when he was still fairly new to the
office, ventured to say publicly that the United Nations had strayed far from
its charter and to warn that we are perilously near to a new international
anarchy. Since then he has learned better than to cross the Soviet-Third
World coalition that rules the General Assembly.

Forty years ago today, the original 51 members of the United Nations came
together to sign the charter. Their main purpose as set out in the preamble
written by General Smutts was to save succeeding generations from the scourge
of war. Since then, according to figures available at the organization's own
headquarters in New York, there have been 154 conventional wars in the world
affecting 71 countries and resulting in 20 million casualties. There are no
records relating to the civil wars, international terrorist killings, or,
naturally, violent annexations of the kind the Soviet Union has perpetrated
against Afghanistan.

In recent years, it has only been the administration of President Ronald
Reagan that has been prepared to speak out strongly against the way the
United Nations conducts its affairs. The last American ambassador, Mrs Jean
Kirkpatrick, described the nature and purpose of activities in the General
Assembly as more closely resembling a mugging than either a political debate
or an attempt at problem solving.

In one of the innumerable debates on South Africa, this time ostensibly on
human rights, another American delegate remarked: Faced with the litany of
one-sided resolution, one is forced to wonder whether they arise from a
serious concern with human rights or an underhand desire to distract attention
from the mass of violations of those rights by some members of this body
whose voices are the loudest in condemnation of South Africa.

89



JPRS*SSA+854111
12 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

IMPLICATIONS OF MACHEL'S WASHINGTON VISIT CONSIDERED
Lisbon 0 DIABO in Portuguese 24 Sep 85 p 17
[Article by Nuno Rogeiro: "Machel in Washington: Between the Lines"]

[Text] Washington, D.C. and Atlanta--Rediscovering some of the elements backing
the "liberation movements" that are enemies of Portugal, Samora Machel went to
the U.S. primarily to submit toa conservative president a "certificate of
good behavior" from the government which he (only?) outwardly heads. Reading
between the lines of the official speeches, and disregarding the incidential
courtesies and the usual statements of principles, there is an essence to this
visit that cannot escape observers: Machel is seeking progress in the continu-
ity of the Maputo regime even though, for this purpose, he may have to swallow
some enormous and extremely live toads.

Several conservative individuals and organizations questioned, very vocally,
the visit paid by Machel (for example, Howard Philips, of the Conservative
Caucus; Paul Weyrich, of the Committee for the Survival of a Free Congress;
Richard Viguerie and Newt Gingrich, a neo-rightwinger, the Heritage Foundation,
and the Ingersoll Foundation; magazines, such as NATIONAL REVIEW, CONSERVATIVE
DIGEST and HUMAN EVENTS: and newspapers such as the NEW YORK POST and A. de
Borchgrave's WASHINGTON TIMES, etc.); and various congressmen promptly expressed
the intention of seeking a majority opposed to any type of military aid for
Mozambique. But were there such pressing reasons for alarm?

On the War in Africa

It is a fact that Samora formally requested aid (before, during and after a
2-hour meeting with Reagan, also attended by Shultz and Bush, and.at a meeting
with "Cap" Weinberger) in combating RENAMO [Mozambique National Resistance],

a movement which was recently the target of a Zimbabwean military operation;
but Ronald Reagan confined ‘himself ‘to remarking, with circumspection. and some
ambiguity (which leftist sources interpreted as mental reservations) that he
hoped to be able to see a reconciled Mozambique again, forgetful of the violent
civil war being waged there at present.

This circumspection on Reagan's part has been attributed to the pressure from

conservative circles, such as Heritage (an institution that recently listened
to the RENAMO leader, Evo Fernandes, at a meeting on African problems), which

34



INCREASE IN STRIKE FIGURES REPORTED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 20 Oct 85 p 3

[Article by Amrit:Manga: "Strike Figures Well Up On Last Year"7

Liext]

/12851

MORE than” 500000 man-
days have already been lost
through labour unrest this

ear, with wage demands ~

iggering almost half of all
ikes,

This is almost more than ,
30% up on the number of
man-days lost during the
whole of last year. ry

Says labour en arian

“The exa re will:
tevee be known because of
the difficulty in monitoring
mine strikes.”

Significantly, though, the
highly strike-prone mining

justry ranks second to the
motor industry in the number
of strikes. Motor unions,
which were the strike leaders
In the early have again
taken pole position.

Mr Levy says the number
of wage-related strikes is sig-
nificant, as these are ex] 1
ed to level off because of de-

economic conditions, :

He sees the in dismis-*
sals as encouraging because
it indicates that fewer em-

loyers are using mass sack-
hogs to combat strikes. It also
showed that solecn bar.

ing was playing a great
erole in settling rf utes.

Heavy retrenchments have
led to the traditionally strike-
prone textile and retail in-

lustries drop} out of the
top five ranking of sectors
“most affected by labour un-

.

‘cso; 3400/274

96

The food sector remains
the fifth most strike-affected
sector, being dominated by
one of the most militant
unions, the Sweet Food and
Allied Workers Union.

The marathon AECI/SA
Chemical Workers dispute
pushed the chemical industry

fourth position.

Says Mr Levy: “A feature
of strikes this year has been
thelr co-ordinated nature,
Most were industry-wide,
pith rival unions . joining

inds against employers.”

He cites the ABC trent of
national symy strikes
and the bread ‘and Gorabrick

j8trikes as examples of co-or-
dinated labour action which
[characterised unrest in the
first three quarters of the

iyear.
i The metal industry isdown
on man days Jost mainly be
cause em} seem
have the tr per hand in most
| disputes, But the labour situ-
} ation in the industry remains
volatile,
+ rhe Metal and Allied
. Workers Union is, however,
still locked in wage disputes
at about 70 factories, and has
threatened strikes at the end
of the month,

Selfsa president and Iscor
chairman Floors Kotzee sa
a combination of economic
: fevession and {inflation made
wage ne lons extremel
ditteult” ¥.

SOUTH AFRICA


It will also be required to analyze the existing work force in each production
unit in order to learn which workers could be made available for direct involve-
ment in the defense tasks, mobilizing among those workers. volunteers for the
army.

Women's Role

The Organization of Mozambican Women [O0MM] has as its main tasks the involvement
of all women (in districts, villages, enterprises and services) to back the

war effort, either through collective action or individual action; for example,
the creation of the soldier's farm, the making of clothing and needlework as
well as other items to be donated to the army. And it must engage in direct
action to conscienticize the families (especially the mothers) which have sons
of military age.

The OMM has also been assigned the organization of concrete types of social and
moral support for the families whose heads or other members have been victims
of the armed bandits, and. the organization of the same type of support for

the families of combatants who are on the battlefront.

The selection of women for first aid courses, to be promoted with the aid of
the Red Cross, the organization for aid to war orphans, specifically mobilizing
families to take care of them when this is warranted,and the mobilization of
women to participate in the People's Militias and the People's Vigilance Groups
are also some of the activities assigned to the OMM, as well as the organization
of systematic visits to military hospitals to give moral support to the sick
and wounded, and to give donations.

Tasks of the OJM and Other Organizations

The Mozambican Youth Organization (OJM) will concentrate its action within the
armed forces, in schools and in districts, finding new, creative methods for
attracting the youth so as to raise their patriotic consciousness.

These methods may be through sports activities, theatrical and music activities,
various festivals, literary and art competitions, and contests on history and
geography, as well as others.

Specific tasks have been listed for other organizations and associations, such
as the ONP [National Teachers Organization], ONJ [National Youth Organization],
AEMO [Mozambican Students Association], AMASP and the Mozambican Photography
Association.

In the area of patriotic education, the critical work is that done in schools,
with younger generations, as the Central Committee's document indicates.

In this regard, tasks have also been assigned to the Ministry of Education and
to the cultural and sports sectors.

2909
cso: 3442/15

37