sumer sentiment.

“Tt can, however, be
argued that any increase
in personal taxation, be it
indirect or direct, is cer-
tain to influence con-
sumer confidence nega-
tively — especially if such
announcement is made
six weeks after the coun-
try’s main Budget was
presented.

“Consumers are bound
to feel somewhat pessi-
mistic if their future fi-
nances are going to come
under additional strain
because of further price
increases — the fact that
these price increases are
“to be brought about by
taxation is irrelevant. ©

“Furthermore, they
have been brought under
the impression that the
country’s economy is
under severe strain and
this will undoubtedly
damp their spirit.

“On the positive side,
the exemption of basic
foodstuffs will boost con-
fidence, in particular
among the lower income
groups. To what extent
this will be neutralised by
the increase already men-
tioned is uncertain. In-
tuitively one feels, how-
ever, that bad news al-
ways tends to overwhelm
good news and the net ef-
fect of the announcement

will probably lead to a de-
terioration in consumer
confidence.

“Lesser confidence,
coupled with anticipated
slow growth in real in-
come and high interest
rates suggest that con-
sumer spending will re-

“However, as a result
of the fact that the higher
GST will become effec-
tive only on July 1 con-
sumers are undoubtedly
going to advance their ac-

cso: 3400/1035

quisition of high-priced
goods in particular. This
implies that retail sales
will increase substantially
in May and June and will
fall away sharply during
the month of July in par-
ticular.

“Whether sales are
likely to be damped down.
for longer than about
three months after the
higher taxes have come in
operation is to - ‘be
doubted.

“The increase of three
Percentage points is un-
likely to push down sales
by itself — in terms of
money it means an addit-
ional R30 on each R1 000
erie ie onan which

not discourage le
to spend their” money,
Given the level of spend-
ing, the volume of sales
will, of course, be reduc-
ed.”"—Sapa.

56


Now there is talk of a further meeting between the MPC and SWAPO. Regarding
the recent conference, we said at the beginning that it would be appropriate
if the MPC tells SWAPO personally that it could participate in the new
political process if it lays down its arms.

SWAPO listened and has given its answer loud and clear in Windhoek on Wednesday
night.

It would be fruitless to talk to SWAPO until it can show that it has ceased its
acts of armed terrorisn.

One last thought about last week's conference; according to reports, the MPC

as well as the administrator general's delegation have clearly stated that there
can be no talks of implementing Resolution 435 until the United Nations stops
its bias towards SWAPO.

It is a very important matter which is often lost sight of in the equally impor-
tant dispute on Cuban withdrawal from Angola. This matter, perhaps more than

the Cuban stumbling block, makes the implementation of Resolution 435 totally
impossible.

cso: 3401/49

22


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Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
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1000 North Glebe. Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.


FINANCIAL REPORT SHOWS WRAB DEFICIT

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 May 84 p 1

[Article by Sam Mabe]

[Text]

cso:

THE West Rand Devel-

opment Board, formerly.
Wrab, is R50,1-million

in the red.
This is according to
the Auditor-General’s

of R17,2-million from
what it was at the end of
the previous financial

year.
In the past four years,
the deficit jumped by
and bounds from
R4,2-million in 1980,
R18,2-million in 1981

3400/1035

By SAM MABE

and R32,8-million in
1982.

some of the causes of

the deficit were short- -
falls in Wrab’s revenue, ©

compared to its expendi-
ture on items -such as
water and electricity,
which together consti-
tute a deficit of R6,8-
million.

“ Also there is R2,3-
million in respect of
rentals still outstanding.

- "The figure shows an in-
crease of R889 164 from

the previous year.
Earlier this year, the

House of Assembly was

told that administration

65

total of R120-million
which the Auditor Gen-
eral said they would not
be able to pay.

He ‘said the boards,
were repaying the debts
at the rate of R413 000 a

pushed the boards
deeper and deeper sto

Mr John Knoetze,
chairman of Wrab, told

under its jurisdiction be-
fore they gained. auto-
nomy in December last

SOUTH AFRICA



MIDDLEBURG STEEL ADVANCES PLANNED

Johannesburg MINING WEEK in English 16 May 84 p 2

[Text ]

MIDDELBURG Steel,
the R500 million stain-
less steel and ferro-
chrome giant in the
Barlow’s stable, has
issued a provocative
challenge to South
African industry
which it believes will
treble the R250‘ mil-
lion stainless steel
industry in the
country and greatly
increase the export of
finished products.
“South Africa lags far
behind the rest of the
world’s industrialised
nations in its use of
stainless steel and the
challenge is to fabrica-
tors to find new and
innovative ways to use
stainless steel,”? a com-
pany spokesman said.
In return, Middelburg
is offering a wide range
of incentives including
bridging _ finance,
sponsorship of proto-
types, design, manu-
facturing and marketing
assistance, promotional
and advertising support,
as well as guidance and
help in export markets.
Middelburg, which
exports R200 million
worth of ferrochrome
annually and is the
second biggest world-
wide exporter of the stra-

CSO: 3400/1035

‘tegic material, is well
placed to assist and
advise would-be South
African exporters.

Mr John Hall, chair-
man of Middelburg
Steel, said in a statement:
“In certain areas of
design and manufacture,
South Africans shine as

world beaters, but when’

it comes to the use of
stainless steel, we are still
in the dark ages com-
pared to the Japanese,
Americans, Germans
and other advanced
industrialised nations.
“Stainless steel used in
South Africa is only 0,5
percent of the total car-
bon steel consumption.
“This is only a little
more than a third of
Spain’s 1,46 percent.
Sweden uses 8,44 per-
cent, Japan 2,07 percent,
France 2,07 percent and
the USA 1,65 percent.
“This shows how far
we have to go to catch up
to the modern world. We

at Middelburg Steel’

believe, however, that it
is quite possible to do so.

“We are looking for
those merchant adven-
turers among South Afri-

76

can fabricators who will
match the support we are
offering with drive and
initiative.”

Mr Hall said Toronto
was a world leader in the
architectural use of
stainless stee!, the USA
leads in” its automotive
industry, ‘Germany in
domestic appliances,
Japan in bathroom fit-
tings, France roofing and
tubing and Scandanavia
in the export of superbly
designed stainless steel
consumer products.

“There was no reason
why South Africa should
not match or exceed
them in these areas, and
in addition establish new
breakthroughs.

“We are geared up at
Middelburg Steel to offer
every possible facility to
encourage specifiers in
the first-time use of
stainless steel for new
capital projects, and .to
assist fabricators to get
innovative new products
onto both the local and
export markets,’’ he
said.

SOUTH AFRICA


which supplies chicks to the other poultry raising centers throughout the
land,

Last year, this group--which had an installed capacity of 270,000 young chickens-~
only supplied about 12,000 capons to the people of Lubango; this is only one-
tenth compared to the year 1982; this decline is above all due to the
deterioration in the country's political-military situation which prevented

the shipment of chicks to the Province of Huila,

5058
CSO: 3442/379

12



ESCOM POWER GENERATING DECISION AFFECTS AMCOAL

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 23 May 84 p 9

[Article by Brendan Ryan]

[Text]

AMCOAL will be the com-
pany most affected if

scom defers about
5 00OMW of generating ca-
pacity from its planned
growth to 1995.

Three new er stations for
which Am is to supply coal
have already been Of
these Lekwe seems the one most
likely to be hit by further Escom

ements.

tet t Lek had been postponed

at e

for at least a From the

planned date of September 1989.
In A Escom an-

not comimissioning

of the No 5 and No 6 gen-

erat ‘sets at Lethabo

" are to be supplied by Am
coal collieries.

Escom said the first
four generating sets at
Lethabo and Tutuka
would, come in as

The first generating
set at Lethabo is to come
on stream in 1986 and the
first set at Tutuka in 1985.
The remaining sets
should come in at yearly
intervals.

The chairman, Mr Jan
Smith, says in his annual
review that Escom has

71

confirmed, it will mean a
‘drop in required generat-
ing capa ity of 5 OOOMW
which will be achieved by
deferring power stations
not firmly commit-
téd, by deferring sets at

tions and by adv:
the de issioning of
old stations.

An Escom spokesman
yesterday declined to
cea re

jons
Pirected by planned de-
ferments.

SOUTH AFRICA



panic only when their vest-
ed interests and political
visions are threatened —
and that is when they creep
from their holes and act in
a militant fashion.

Anyone who can still say,
in the light of this reactlon-
ary mobilisation, that South

ica is not on the path of
reform and {hat apartheid
not on a slippery slope is
80 blinded bys or her an-
tipathy towards the
National Party that he or
she deliberately minimises
what is going on among
Afrikaners.

I nally ‘believe that

the Volkswag will fulfil a

function. It will
purify Afrikaner organisa-
tions of right-wing teac-

tionaries and force policy-

makers, when it comes
their position on the future
of South Africa, to draw
clear boundaries between
themselves and right-wil
politics. .

W..: is the Volkswag’s
future? In my opinion, not
much. Its potential
is limited because most
Afrikaners have already
‘made the move away from
petty racial ideology to
Political realism.

The leadership corps of
the AV will also bean to
regard each other with mis-
trust.

Dr A P Treurnicht
Mr Jaap Marais will
some time or other begin to
wonder if the professor of
missiology will not demand
another mission for himself
— namely, political leader
ofa pa which unites all
the it wing.

The militancy and emo-
tional incitement of the
foundation meeting also
frightened off many Afri-
kaners — people who still
have a sense of decency and

refinement do not want to
be associated with pistol-
packers.

cso: 3400/1035

29

Perhaps May 5 will be-
come an im it date;
not because the Afrikaner-
volkswag was founded, but
because South Africans of
all age, colour and
cultural groups who want
to work for justice realised
on that day that they need
each other and that South
Africa needs them to stand
together to save our coun-
try from reactionary and
radical politics.



SOUTH AFRICA

SA'S 'SPLIT PERSONALITY' ANALYZED
Cape Town THE CAPE TIMES in English 19, 21 May 84

[Iwo-part article by Lawrence Schlemmer, Director of the Center for Applied
Social Studies, University of Natal, Durban: "Change--SA's Split Personality"]

[19 May 84 p 10]

[Text] IN recent weeks, with

the peace talks in
Angola and the peace
ement with Mozam-
bique, the South Afri-
can government’s image
in the local ‘and over-
seas media has swung
dramatically,

The erstwhile “desta-
bilizer” of neighbouring
states has now been
hailed as peacemaker
and agent of interna-
tional accord.

Yet is is fairly inevita-
ble that some issue or
event in due course will
resurrect older images
of the South African
government again, until
some new initiative re-
kindles hope for reform
and change. .

So the cycles of expec-
tation and disillusion-
ment will continue.
South Africa’s split per-
sonality confuses
friends and enemies
alike.

These apparent incon-
sistencies are inevita-
ble.
They are also com-
pletely understandable
given the situation of
the South African re-
gime. In broad terms the
responses in terms of its
basic goals, resources,
opportunities and pres-
sures,

Peace moves
The last few weeks

, and months provide an

excellent example of
what many critics and
observers see as deep
contradictions in the
South African govern-
ment’s policy pro-
gramme.

In March, the South
African government was
being officially com-
mended by the United
States, Britain, West
Germany, Egypt and a
number of other states
for the peace moves in
Southern Africa.

Various commenta-
tors, including Dr Gerrit
Viljoen and South Afri-
can Ambassador to the
United States, Dr Brand
Fourie, could forecast
that South Africa’s in-
ternational position in
the West would be bol-
stered by the Southern

African developments. .

An almost euphoric
mood was created in
South Africa. The gov-
ernment was seen by al-
most everyone as bold
and positive.
Virtually simulta-
neously, the Minister of
Community Develop-

36

ment, Mr Pen Kotze,
told Parliament that
7128 coloured and
Indian families were
still due to be moved in
terms of the Group
Areas Act. It would ap-
pear that 1,75 million
Africans are still to be
relocated. It was an-
nounced in Parliament
furthermore, that the
number of arrests in
terms of influx control
laws had increased be-
tween 1982 and 1983.
Indian ‘politicians, on
the eve of the imple-
mentation ofthe new
constitution which will
give them representa.
tive chambers in Parlia-
ment, found themselves
having to condemn the
continuation of petty
apartheid measures.
At about the same
time, Mr Kotze an-
nounced that he was.
prepared to accept the
recommendation of the
Strydom Committee, ap-
pointed to investigate
group areas legislation,
that some central trad-
ing and business areas
be opened to all races.


Toll roads have failed in Germany. Britain has amassed debts of R800-million
and is now curtailing its toll system into major cities.

Premature

Transport spokesmen here believe tolls are being introduced prematurely: the
National Transport Policy Study~-comprising three firms of consultants—-is
midstream investigating all aspects of national transport in conjunction with
a National Transport Commission made up of Government, Transport. Consultative
Committee and Shippers’ Council representatives. Phase one of their findings
will only be announced one year from now.

Assocom tells INDUSTRIAL WEEK it is concerned at the deteriorating situation
regarding road financing and is pressing the authorities to consider reviewing
the system of collecting and allocating funds for road construction and main-
tenance,

"Assocom envisages that a fuel levy to reflect road usage and a graduated
uniform system of licensing fees for heavier motor vehicles to reflect road
damage should secure sufficient funding for the infrastructure...provided these
funds are allocated exclusively to that purpose," a spokesman says.

Tolls should only be introduced for specific Projects, the spokesman says, such
as bridges and tunnels.

"We note with concern the proliferation of tolls proposed on major routes, a
situation which we will monitor closely. Toll roads are not the solution to the
problem of financing our road system adequately," the spokesman says.

Kees Lagaay, director of the Civil Engineering Contractors Federation, says he
shares the concern of the National Transport Commission over lack of expenditure
on roads.

"Although we still have to see how well it works I believe increasing the fuel
levy to be a better way to raise funds--one which people will get used to."

Lagaay says that the percentage of funds raised from roads and levies has been
decreasing steadily since the system was introduced nearly 40 years ago.

"Funds collected from our roads and fuel levies should not be used for general
treasury purposes," he adds.

Denzil Vermooten of the AA says inequities in licensing and the allocating of funds
must be rectified first.

"We would like to see the heavy vehicles contribute their fair share as they
damage roads.

"The 6.5 cents a litre subsidy for Sats' fuel pipeline by the inland road user--and
not those in coastal Natal--is also a questionable issue."

: 0.
CSO: 3400/1035 61



GOVERNMENT'S POPULATION GROWTH PLAN SCORED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 May 84 p 9

[Text]

: THE Government’s am-
bitious plan at slowing
and then stopping pép-
ulation growth in South
Africa is viewed with
suspicion by blacks who
claim it is aimed at them
and not every section of
the society.

The plan aims at slow-
ing and then, by the year
2100 stopping popula-
tion growth in South Af-
Tica. It is said the plan
will involve every sec-
tion of society in an at-
tempt to raise living
standards, especially
among those who repro-
duce the most — the
Poor.

The programme, rec-
ommended last year by
the Scientific Commit-
tee .of the President’s
Council and accepted by
the Government last
September, is intended
to stop South Africa’s
Population growth at 80-
million.

Beyond that number
it is feared the country’s
water resources would
not be enough for every-
one.

cso: 3400/1035

Strange

At the moment there
are about 29-million

people in the country. ©

Without the programme
the total would reach
181-million in 2 100 at
present rates of growth.

Mr Lybon Mabasa,
the president of the
Azanian People’s orga-
nisation (Azapo) said
this plan has nothing to
do with improving the
living standards of those
who reproduce the
most. :

_He said it was strange
that white families were
encouraged to have
more’ children and the
Government always en-
couraged people to im-
migrate to South Africa.

“This scheme is ra-
cially motivated,” Mr
Letsatsi Mosala the sec-
tetary of the Black Al-
lied Mine and Construc-
tion Workers Union
said. :

He said this became

32

SOUTH AFRICA

‘clear where it men-

tioned the need for pop-
ulation control “espe-
cially among those who
reproduce the most - the
ir.
“It is a camouflage to
get at us. The whites are
not going to be affec-
ted.” -

He said perhaps if the
Government was rep-
resentative of all the
population groups the
plan would have been
received free of suspi-
sion.



SOUTH AFRICA

DECREASE OF LABOR STRIKES NOTED
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 24 May 34 p 8
[Article by Joshua Raboroko]

[Text] A total of 346 strikes and work stoppages were reported in the countryside
factories during 1983, compared with 394 the previous year.

This sharp decline in the number of strikes is contained in the annual report of
the director-general of the Department of Manpower, Dr Piet van der Merwe,
released in Pretoria this week.

However trade unionists and community-based organisations say the report on strikes
is not a true reflection. They contend more strikes occurred which were not
registered with the department.

In his report, Dr van der Merwe says the upward trend in work stoppages and
strikes since the introduction of the new labour dispensation in 1978 also
showed an abrupt turnabout in 1983.

Factories

About 64,469 workers from all race groups took part in a total of 346 strikes and
work stoppages, in comparison with 141,571 who participated in 394 in 1982.

More than 50 percent of the strikes lasted for one day or less, while 0.6 percent
continued for longer than 14 days. The majority of strikes occurred in factories.

Wage grievances were the main cause of strikes, while worker dissatisfaction with
employers’ methods of handling disciplinary issues came a close second.

According to the report, Dr van der Merwe says the main reason for the decline in
the number of strikes was probably. the downturn in the economy and the practice
followed by employers of dismissing workers who go on strike.

Escalating unemployment and greater use of the official collective bargaining
and conciliation machinery were some of the key features of the report.

The number of trade union members rose by 63,294 during the year--from 12,225,454
in 1982 to 12,288,748 in 1983. Five new trade unions were registered. There
were 59 unregistered trade unions.

cso: 3400/1035 64


DETAILS ON DEFENSE SPENDING REPORTED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 6

[Article by John Tilston]

[Text] THIS year’s defence

cso:

budget of Ré 155-mil-

lion might look like a.

ie hsp
ing’ levels of seven
bee ago. There has

no real growth in

itary spendin;
tet past five years.
‘The Defence Vote Is up 27%
{n Foal teruas over last

Percentage

Measured in 1984 prices,
SADF spending is still below.
the 1981-82 level of R4 421-
alllion ara is fs roughly equiv-

3400/1035

g in

Operations

Expectations that the
recent SA peace initiatives
will reduce defence spending
Te ene bee eee

White Paper on
fence sale erted that amet
ir
theredsed cost of erations
had to be borne at the ex-
pense of the SADF capital
programme. This has re-
stricted the acquisition, mo-
dernisation and prepared-

tne Pvhite Pap Paper drew at-
tention to the fact that some
of the SADF’s main arma-
ments were obso-

ue and com-

‘a new genera-

fer ot pai armaments in
the next 10 years if the exist-

balance of were to
ine. power

ve any event, the oper-
ational spending ina counter-
tre isthe jar is small rela-

ive 1 costs of setting
ce. infrastructure,

training ‘and the maintenance
of ml mill tary preparedness.

of peace is almost as
high as the cost of war.

Discussion
Dravring conclusions from

changes in ding rests on
the ‘ssumption that funding
in the base year was ade-
ite. In 1981, R3 063-million
4 421-million t by the

nae ome

42

SOUTH AFRICA

May 84 p 50

fairs, says
ex enditure cannot be

on and off like a
ght’

“The bureaucracy fights
like mad to vsurave. AS
Khrushchev once said, ‘The
Soviet military machine eats


DETAILS ON GROUNDWATER SUPPLY GIVEN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 May 84 p 11

[Text]

IHE recent drought has demon-
strated just how fickle South
Africa's rivers are. Now we may
have to mine water. ti
- many positive things
which have come out of the
drought is the belated attention
water experts are now paying to a
hitherto almost under-used supply
of water hidden underground in

the Transvaal’s huge dolomite re- -

sevoirs, or flowing through cracks
and fissures in im; rv Eranite,
or moving alm iperce| 'y
through the rocks of the Karoo
Sy

Groundwater has been called
our ‘liquid gold’ and seems des-

and conservationists alike.
Professor Jay H Lehr, official
advisor on water affairs to Presi-
‘dent Reagan, and executive direc-

tor of the National Water Well As- . . trate under,
ie have already seen the devas-

“sociation of America has said

“Community after community

throw up their hands in frustration
over the dwindling availability of
water to supply ever-expand-
ing population, yet they and their
Raver-supply consultants do not
ly investigate ways to use
water supplies.”

Professor Lehr was in South
Africa recently and will be back
for an international conference
later this ‘year — the first interna-
tional conference on groundwater

to be held outside America.
Conservationists warn that

. groundwater forms part of a deli-

cately balanced ecosystem. If we
tap the reserves recklessly we will
have to face negative conse-

quences.
Underground water may be hid-
den, but it has a direct effect on
vegetation. It is diffused slowly
upwards by the suction pressure of
the roots of plants and many trees
have long tap roots which pene-
‘ground resevoirs. And

“tating ‘results of sinkholes after

84

SOUTH AFRICA

mines pumped out underground
brats Vewtes head othe Gathy

egter, of -
drology Division of the Depart-
ment of Environmental Affairs
warned that South Africa cannot
use groundwater to the extent that
it is used in other countries.

“In the United States, most of
the rocks are porous. But in South
Africa the geological formations
don’t lend themselves to the stor-
age of large volumes of water.
Generally we pave hard rock or
mations anc storage capacit
is limited.”

Limited use of groundwater in
South Africa is not a recent de-
velopment. Mr Dale Hobbs of the
Rand Water Board told me that
the Board has been tapping under-
ground water reserves at the
Zuurbekom Wells since early this
century.

“The demand for water is grow-
ing, and after the drought we rea-
lised that we ‘need to supplement

~~ the water we pump from dams. At


in Portugal and they are studying in Lisbon, Pacos de Arco, Coimbra, Porto,
Braga, and Vidago. The closing session was chaired by Dr Fernando Franca Van-
Dunen, Angola's ambassador-plenipotentiary in Portugal, [Text] |tuanda JORNAL
DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 15 May 84 p 3] 5058

NEW UNIVERSITY NAME--Luanda, Monday. "UNIVERSIDADE Agostinho Neto" (University
Agostinho Neto) is the present name of the former University of Angola, a resol-
ution adopted by the first university council said. The resolution underlines
that the late President Agostinho Neto "was the first principal of the Univer-
sity of Angola, assuming opportunely and courageously the direction of this
institution in a moment, when ignorances, prejudgment, dogmatisms and opportun-
isms were threatening its continuity." President Neto, it must be remembered,
was an outstanding intellectual whose poetry and humanist views granted him
Tespect all over the world. He was the owner of the "Lotus Prize" among
others, and was made "doctor honoris causa" by a Nigerian university. Besides
being a physician, he was president of the MPLA--workers party and the people's
Yepublic of Angola. The resolution which names the Angolan university after
the Angolan president was adopted during the university council meeting in
Luanda.-~[Text] [Lusaka THE TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 1 May 84 p 1]

CSO: 3400/1006



Most Nonwhite Seats Allocated to Cape, Durban
(THE CITIZEN, 31 May 84)......eeeeeeeee

Significance of Rosettenville By-Election Explored
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 30 May 84).

FOSATU Calls for New Polls Boycott
(SOWETAN, 30 May 84)...

Pro-SA Lobby in Australia Grows
(THE STAR, 23 Mar 84)..

Need for New Farming Strategy Voiced
(Fred Lloyd; THE STAR, 24 May 84).....

Pretoria Economists Report on Impact of Monopolies
(Alec Hogg; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES, 13 May 84)..

Blacks More Optimistic About Economic Forecast
(THE CITIZEN, 30 May 84).

Need for New Sugar Production Strategy Stressed
(THE CITIZEN, 29 May 84). .

Public Service Employment Increase Reported
(Angus Macmillan; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES, 13 May 84).

Government's Road Toll Scheme Panned
(Lynn Carlisle; INDUSTRIAL WEEK, 8 May 84)..

Cape Garment Union Swallows Transvaal Workers’ Union
(THE CITIZEN, 30 May 84).

Trade Unions Lashed for Intimidation
(Joshua Raboroko; SOWETAN, 25 May 84)..

Decrease of Labor Strikes Noted
(Joshua Raboroko; SOWETAN, 24 May 84)....ceceseccccerceece

Financial Report Shows WRAB Deficit
(Sam Mabe; SOWETAN, 29 May 84)...... sence eee ce eee eceeeeee

NEI Becomes Sole Supplier for ADE
(INDUSTRIAL WEEK, 15 May 84)...ccccccceccccccceccccececers

SA, Zimbabwe Steel Pricing Talks Set
(Lynn Carlisle; INDUSTRIAL WEEK, 15 May 84).....-+eeceeeeee

Closure of Small Coal Mines Reported
(Lynn Carlisle; INDUSTRIAL WEEK, 15 May 84)......sesceeeee

47

48

50

51

52

54

55

57

60

62

63

64

65

66

67

69



Firstly pressures from
blacks themselves are
more often than not
seen to lack credibility.
Most of the black
spokesmen do not have
a visible constituency or
organizational base,
with the exceptions of
Chief Buthelezi (In-
katha) and Bishop Tutu
(the progressive
churches).

Secondly, black activ-
ists, in the government’s
view, most often present
totally non-negotiable
and over-ambitious de-
mands; this is particu-
larly characteristic of
the black youth activ-
ism, seen mainly in stu-
dent disturbances at
schools and universi-

ties.

Thirdly, the mass of
blacks, in their day to
day responses to events,
appear to be mainly
concerned with welfare,
security and quality of
life and not primarily
with political claims.
This is certainly not en-
tirely the case but it is
the manifest impression
created for most whites
and those observers
with impact on the gov-
ernment.

The arguments so far
presented suggest that
the contrasting pattern
of policy outlined above
will persist in the short
term. There will be no
deviation from the prin-
ciple of ethnic auton-
omy and hence the sepa-
ration of communities
will persist. A “national
convention” to restruc-
ture society or even less
major deviations from
the plural basis of poli-
cy seem to be impossi-
bilities at this stage.

At the same time, the
government will attempt
to accommodate and re-
spond to international
and internal pressures
by desegregating non-
community facilities,
and by an aggressive de-
velopment policy, both
inside the country and
in the region. When the
economy emerges from
the present recession,
and if the gold price

rises, development ini-
tiatives could be quite
substantial.

Obviously many, if not
most critics of the South
African government
abroad and to the left of
the government in South
Africa will argue, with
more than a little justi-
fication that significant
overall progress for
blacks must inevitably
be very lifnited as long
as there is separation of
communities and a lack
of political bargaining
power. This is very true
in the field of educa-
tion, for example.

The government’s at-
tempts to use economic
or foreign policy ma-
noeuvres to compensate
for or counterbalance
its political policies are
also not likely to con-
vince the black middle
class spokesmen who
are so important in in-
terpreting black reac-
tions. Hence, political
credibility and legitima-
cy will remain the gov-
ernment’s Achilles heel
as both internal and ex-
ternal pressures for
basic policy reform will
continue to mount.

Increasing moral
pressures and probably
some economic sanc-
tions can be expected
from abroad. The Unit-
ed States House of Re-
presentatives has just
passed a bill (the Export
Administration Act), to
which amendments pu-

nitive to South Africa.

have been attached, and
more and more cities
and states in the United
States are withdrawing
public money from cor-
porations with South
African operations.
However these mount-
ing pressures, both ex-
ternal and internal, are

39

seen by the government
to be directed against
the one non-negotiable
element in the South
African government’s
policy stance — group
separation and ethnic
autonomy. Irresistible
force meets immovable
object. A waste of politi-
cal energy, perhaps be-
cause as the years roll
by neither will give
ground and, as I have
argued previously in In-
dicator, the revolution
will not occur.

Current pressures for
eneral, sweeping re-
form and political de-
segregation on their
own will be a waste of
energy, because the ad-
dition of more specific
proposals, against the
background of general
pressures, could signifi-
cantly facilitate change.

Some very significant
changes to the quality of
life and to the bargain-
ing power of black
people can occur in
ways which do not di-
rectly confront the para-
digm of the government,
but which would rather
stretch and extend it.
For example, if the
black local authorities,
newly equipped with in-
creased internal powers
by the government, had
representation on say a
high level “council of
local affairs” they could
perhaps negotiate for
increased funding, more
land for expansion and
for more adequate ac-
cess to metropolitan
services and amenities.
The benefits of high-
level representation of
a similar kind forthe
non-independent home-
lands would also be

_ fairly obvious and im-

mediate. This would at
least counter the politi-
cal alienation of the
black people.

With this concept of
regional and metropoli-
tan authorities on which
whites, coloureds and
Indians will be repre-
sented with the possibil-



Highest rate

Les Welss, managing
director of the Transvaal
Coal Owners’ Association
(major coal producers)
says the tariff category
under which coal falis has
been subjected. to the
highest rate.

“Even railage from Wit-
‘bank to the PWV is about
coalpit production price.
The high tariffs are cer-
tainly someting we feel
strongly about and have
been negotiating with
Sats on an ongoing basis
for a better deal,” says
Weiss. ©

Subsidised

Another source feels
exporters are “subsidis-
ing” the massive losses
made by the Sats rail ser-
vice for commuters.

In reply, Dr Gert
Coetzee, Sats assistant
general manager (com-
mercial) says coal con-
signed for export by the
SCOA Is conveyed by rail
to either Maputo harbour
or Wests (Durban) “at the
lowest possible tariff, ie
Tariff No 15.

“Since the conveyance
of coal is uneconomic to
Sats there Is no question
that the SCOA is subsidis-
ing uneconomical ser-
vices which must perforce
be rendered by Sats.

“Where a consignor is
prepared to guarantee a
volume which will enable
Sats to introduce more ef-
ficient operating ar-
rangements whereby cost
savings can be achieved,
a lower rail rate will be
considered provided total
cost of conveyance is
covered and the con-
signor is prepared to enter
into an arrangement with
Sats,” says Dr Coetzee.

cso: 3400/1035

70


six 60,96 metre diameter
cable-torque thickeners.

The leach circuit will
consist of 27 mechani-
cally agitated vessels,
arranged in three trains,
and providing 24 hours
residence time.

Dissolved gold reco-
very will be by carbon-in-
pulp process, followed
by elution, zinc precipi-
tation, precoat filtration
and submerged arc smel-
ting.

Gold recovery from
gravity concentrates will

be by the intensive cyani-
dation process.
No.5Shaft

The No. 5 Shaft will,

open up the south-
western portion of the
lease area.

Production from this
area will replace other
areas where mining is
coming to an end and, at
the same time, will also
provide the necessary
increased capacity.

The new shaft has now
reached a depth of 1 824
metres, the final depth is
to be 2 194 metres. This
shaft will have a capacity
of 150 000 t/month.

Asurface refrigeration
plant of 32 000 kW capa-
city is to be constructed,
and this will almost dou-
ble the present refrigera-
tion capacity at President
Brand.

Achilled water storage
facility is also to be pro-
vided on surface.

The shaft will be
equipped with three win-
ders, one of rock and two
of men and materials.

The 6000 kW rock

79

winder at present being
installed is the largest’
Vecor winder available,
with drums six metrés in:
diameter.

This will hoist two 16¢
skips and is expected to
be commissioned in late
June.

The No. 5 Shaft is
slightly oval, measuring
9,5 metres by 10,5
metres, with a headgear
73 metres tall. .

By the time No. 5
Shaft is fully equipped all
levels underground will
be able to cope with
development work car-
ried out in multi-blast
conditions.

At present, develop-
ment work is being car-
tied out on three levels
from No. 2 Shaft in
order to provide ore
reserve for No. 5 Shaft
when it is commissioned.

The lowest operating
level being developed in
this way is 2 100 metres
below surface.

The other levels to be
holed through will be at
2.040 metres and 1 980
metres.

The Basal reef will be
mined initially, and the
shallower Leader reef
will be mined later.

The new No. 5 Shaft
hostel is complete, but
provision is now being
made for it to be exten-
ded in view of the plan-
ned increased mining
capacity.

At present the hostel
can accommodate 3 200
people, after extensions
it will accommodate
6 000.



244031

JPRS-SSA-84-070

15 June 1984

‘Sub-Saharan Africa Report

-1FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

{RepropuceD By
|) NATIONAL TECHNICAL
[INFORMATION SERVICE

| US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
L SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



NAMIBIA

Van Niekerk Comments on Lusaka Talks, SWAPO
(DIE REPUBLIKEIN, 17 May 84).......cececececsceveccceveves

Paper Says Implementing Resolution ‘Impossible’
(Editorial; DIE REPUBLIKEIN, 18 May 84)........cceesseeeee

SOUTH AFRICA

Commentary on Botha's European Tour
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 29 May 84)....cccccsccccsccccececcecs

Problems of 'New Dispensation' Examined
(Peter Sullivan; THE STAR, 21 May 84).....ccecececscececes

Volkswag: ‘Right-Wing, Reactionary Political Movement’
(Willie Esterhuyse; SUNDAY TIMES, 13 May 84).......eeeeeee

Decision To Close Six Black High Schools Hit
(Revelation Ntoula; THE STAR, 18 May 84)......eeeeceeceess

Government's Population Growth Plan Scored
(SOWETAN, 29 May 84)....ccccccccceesccccceeeccceeensceeees

AZASO-UDF Group Disrupts AZASM Rally
(SOWETAN, 21 May 84)....ccccccecccecccccccesecceees

Government Crackdown on AZAPO Questioned
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 24 May 84)..........ceceeeccnceeeeees

SA's 'Split Personality’ Analyzed
(Lawrence Schlemmer; THE CAPE TIMES, 19, 21 May 84).......

Solidarity of Disciplined Black University Students Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 29 May 84).....csccecceccecevcetceccnceecers

Details on Defense Spending Reported
(John Tilston; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES, 6 May 84).....

Selection of Labor Party Candidates Scheduled
(THE CITIZEN, 29 May 84). ...cccccecccccccccccecncncecscece

Close Finish Predicted for Nonwhite Elections
(THE CITIZEN, 30 May 84)....cccscecceccccecceccecceceecees

NPP, Solidarity, by Tim Clarke
Coloureds, Indians Registering, by Jaap Theron
Labor Party Action


SOUTH AFRICA

VOLKSWAG: ‘RIGHT-WING, REACTIONARY POLITICAL MOVEMENT’
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 13 May 84 p 29

[Article by Willie Esterhuyse, Professor of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch:
"Afrikaner Unity Is Gone Forever"

[Text] HE emotional dis lay in Pretoria’s Skilpad
Hall last weekend — so dramatically trans-
mitted into South African homes by television

fr — was enough to give civilised people the cold
shivers.

Never in the past decade have racism, the glorification of
the volk, militarism and emotional incitement so clearly
in partnership as they were at the launching of the Afrikaner-
vo!

That this took place under the banner of Christianity and culture is
not onl @ scal but an illustration of the dangers of reactionary

inat

How must these events be interpreted?

What should be clear to everyone is that the Volkswag is not a

cultural organisation, but a
right-wing, Teactionary poli-

tical movement.
The cultural banner is a
ruse to the

litical motive and to make
tea easier fo for Pe le who ho until

thelr Raltical home wats the
HNP or CP to associate ©
themselves with reactionar-
les on an organisational ba-

Professor Carel Boshoff
and his wife regard them-
selves as bridge-builders be-
tween fragmented reaction-
aries, which is why the
professor speaks like a
Prophet to whom a t vi-

sion has been led.

That he and his circle of
disciples are fanatically con-
vinced of their “calling” to
“save” the Afrikaner people
must not be underestimated.

In this res) the new
movement shows all the
characteristics of right-wing,
reactionary movements else-
where in the world. The mili-
tancy is not an accident; re-

27



ELIMINATION OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE EMISSIONS STUDIED

Johannesburg INDUSTRIAL WEEK in English 15 May 84 p 4

[Article by Simon Cashmore]

[Text]

cso:

SASOL has denied that
it Is building a
R20-million «plant to
eliminate hydrogen
sulphide emissions
from Its factories at
Secunda.

Dismissing recent
reports in a Johannesburg
newspaper of a
R20-million Sasol plan to
get rid of its “rotten egg”
smell, an_ official
spokesman for Sasol
says: “The current project
by Sasol to eliminate the
release. of amounts of
hydrogen sulphide does
not imply the building of a
totally new plant.

“Research has been go-
ing on at Sasol for about
10 years and plants were
erected at Secunda dur-

ing the construction of *

Sasol II and Sasol Ill to
remove the hydrogen
sulphide from the vent
gases.” : .

He points out that
because no process ex-
isted which could remove
hydrogen sulphide from
coal gasification off-
gases Sasol had to em-
bark on a Rt-million
research and develop-
ment programme.

“During the past three
years development .and

research by Sasol scien--

3400/1035

tists and engineers, with
the assistance of
overseas experts, has
been particularly suc-
cessful and Sasol Is on
the verge of a break-
through in the removal of
hydrogen sulphide from
its stack emissions.

“The commissioning of
these paints (at Sasol Il
and ill (from the end of
1984 until about mid-1985
will almost completely
eliminate the emission of
hydrogen sulphide from
Secunda,” he says. :

“The current project
does not entail the
building of a totally new
plant, but must be seen as
an extension .and
modification of existing
plants based on recent
technical breakthroughs.

“The cost involved in
the commissioning of
each of these two plants
at Secunda is estimated
at R20-million and a fur-
ther R20-million will be
‘spent on improvements.”

He adds that the cost
of establishing and com-
missioning pollution con-
trol plants at Sasol II and
‘lt is more than
R150-million.

86

SOUTH AFRICA


FINANCING FOR SASOL 4 PROPOSED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 May 84 p 4

[Text ]

cso:

THE MAIN purpose of
legislation to divert and
save part of the money
raised from a levy on fuel
sales instead of using it to
finance the Budget was to
ensure funds would be
available for future pro-
jects like a Sasol 4, the
Minister of Mineral and
Energy Affairs, Mr Danie
Steyn, said.

Replying to the second
reading debate on the
State Oil Fund Amend-
ment Bill, he said this was
the rationale behind the

Harry Schwarz (PFP Yeo-
ville) had emphasised the
importance of a Sasol 4
project for the Republic’s
future energy needs.

The Bill provides for
the Treasury to take some
of the money in the State
Oil Fund, which in return
is given wider powers to
transform it into a general

3400/1035

Energy Development and
Trading Fund, and new
Poers of general invest-
ment. .

The Conservative and
New Republic Parties
supported the Bill.

If Mr Schwarz’ advice
was followed, and the
money saved for a future
Sasol 4 project was
“blown”, the motorist
would have to be ap-
proached for even more
money if such a project,
or another for the manu-
facture of synthetic fuels,
was undertaken in future
the Minister said.

Mr Schwarz had de-
manded that money ob-
tained from the sale of Sa-
sol shares be used for the
current Budget, but must
know it was not good fi-
nancial sense to use capi-
tal which had been built
up for current expenses.

Referring to Opposi-
tion fear that public

81°

‘money used for oil: ‘pro-
curement was not subject
to'audit by the Auditor

The present Bill was an
“interim measure” to set

SOUTH AFRICA



to the Armed Forces was accomplished in the best way, the result nevertheless
was negative when it came to supplying consumer goods to the population,

He argued, however, that the low supply volume delivered to the people was
essentially due to various factors, such as deficient supplies due to the
low output and productivity indexes and the deficiencies connected with the
problem of foreign exchange availability.

Tied to these factors were furthermore the difficulties that came up in
connection with the signing of contracts and the preparation of documents
between the producing enterprises and Foreign Trade [Ministry] and the
Domestic Trade [Ministry] distributing enterprises.

Joaquim Guerreiro Dias announced that the MINCI [Ministry of Domestic Trade]
is trying to ensure the implementation of the 1984 commodity supply plan as
expressed in the emergency supply programs for the population and sales in
rural areas.

"The accomplishment of this fundamental task is the indispensable condition
for the accomplishment of a series of other fundamental tasks," he said,

He promised that the improvement in methods and forms of selling to the public
~-in an effort to improve the level of services rendered to the people, especially
in the hotel and related fields-~is one of the basic objectives of the MINCT
during this year.

Regarding the overall attainment of these objectives, the domestic trade
minister guaranteed the completion, this year, of a survey of the hotel and
related industries network-va task which will be carried out parallel to
the organization of a card file on the wholesale and retail trade as well as
service network,

The Seventh Expanded Consultative Council meeting of the Ministry of Foreign
Trade--whose activities were carried out under the guidance of the minister,
Adriano Pereira dos Santos Junior--recommended the redrafting of the agreement
currently existing between the MINCI and the Ministry of Foreign Trade, pro-
viding for import authorizations issued in favor of private merchants,

The meeting decided that, in filling out the "B.R.I.'s" [expansion unknown], it
would be necessary, in addition to the article category, also to indicate

the particular type of product to be imported so as to prevent any subterfuges
which certain importers sometimes resort to.

As for controlled products, the Enlarged Consultative Council of the MINCI
proposed that the National Supply Commission adopt a regulation on control



PRO-SA LOBBY IN AUSTRALIA GROWS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Mar 84 p 5

[Text]

‘BRISBANE — The’ pro-South
“Africa - lobby: in Australia is
verowing.

= Bven people in key’ positions
-Who’claim they are not part of

‘the’pro-South Africd lobby and °

‘who: oppose’ apartheid: believe

South Africa should not be iso- .

ted from the rest of the world.
‘The Anglican Archbishop ‘of

éy, Dr Donald Robinson,
who recently sparked the South
Africa debate by his refusal to

chair a meeting for the secre-

tary. of the South African Coun-
cil of Churches, Bishop Desmond
Tutu, has brought into focus the
campaign ‘being run by the
South African Government to
end this isolation. :

The vocal minority in Austra-
lia which backs Archbishop Ro-
binson’s view is strong in some
sections of the media-and pow-
erful in the opposition parties in
Canberra.

- The archbishop elaborated on.

his views on apartheid in a let-
ter-to the Sydney Morning Her-
ald. 77
It was a letter that would not
haye Satisfied Bishop Tutu, who
warned against ““buttressing an
immofal movement”. |
“But Archbishop Robinson, in
jhis statement, took what many
Australians believe to be a re-
-sponsible arid reasonable stance,
saying there was:a great need to
understand “how and why” the

cso: 3400/1035

South African situation had de-
veloped and “what alternatives
_or modifications are possible or
conceivable”.

The archbishop is sincere in .

-his:belief but at the same time
his attitude gives great aid and

comfort to the South African

-Government which is apparent-

cy pouring millions of rands into
a huge. propaganda campaign-in
. Australia aimed at, trying to get
anti-apartheid sanctions lifted.

“ome prominent people who,-

like the archbishop, say they
strongly oppose apartheid ac-
cept that his course is right. °
John Tingle, a popular Sydney
radio commentator, read Dr Ro-
binson’s letter. on his peak-time
programme and said he agreed
with it. .
-“The archbishop is adopting a
smoderate stance and is not an
apologist for apartheid,” he said.

. Have been accused of being a”
racist because I refuse to con-

‘done the bans on South Africa..
» RETREATS .

“] have been to South Africa
and I know the mind of these
people — they are a dour r peo:
ple. The boer when attacked re-
treats and digs his toes in,” he
said. .

He added: “I abhor apartheid
as much as anybody. Things are
happening for the -better in
South Africa but they are not
happening fast enough and there
aren't enough of them. But they

aren't given benefit for any.

changes.”

51

SOUTH AFRICA

Senator Don Jéssop of the”
Liberal Party'said: “It is impor-
tant to establish bridges of com-
munication with South’ Africa
even if we don’t agree with
apartheid as we understand it. It
is riot good to isolate-a country.”

’ Mr BA Santamaria, sect
of the right-wing, Catholic-based

“National Civic, Council’ and a

newspaper columnist, said: “I
support Archbishop Robinson's
stand .,. Abolition of apartheid
brought’ about by external
pressure*would not lead to.a
democratic structure in which
all blacks would be treated
equally, but to the domination
by one or two tribes, as has hap-
pened in the rest of Africa.” °



RESERVE BANK DEFENDS ASSETS FREEZE

ZIMBABWE

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 10 May 84 p 20

[Text]

THE Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, defend-
ing recent measures to limit payments to
former Zimbabweans now living in South
Africa, said yesterday the government had
to “ensure country’s ability to meet
existing international obligations while
saving money for food imports”.

The bank, in a statement released in Johannes-
barg, said it acccepted that the measures would
cause hardship. However, it would consider ap)
tions for exceptional treatment from the sie and

statement stressed that the measures had

been ken to belp the county it itself after
three years’. of wi recession and

“ie wrat rout inte country's recent soy”

One of the measures was the acquisition of
“pool” of external securities.

“Neither former nor current residents of Zim-
babwe have, at any. stage had the right to convert
the sale of their foreign shares, regist
inthe ‘abies ofa nominee cteapany’ ate foreign
currency.

cso: 3400/985

93

be invested in

“Since 1965, residents of Zimbabwe were only
itted to a securities with Zim-

see effected through a Zimbabwean stock broker
nominee company

name of a
These shares were only available from the exist-
ing “pool” of Zimbabwean foreign assets and were :
tt on the understanding that, in the event of a
sale, owners would only receive the proceeds in
Zimbabwe, and in Zimbabwean currency.
The measures recent) announced by the Minister
of Finance, nce, eonomie Planning and Development
would result in all former ts receiving the
market value of their external shares in Zimbab-
wean currency.
“Immediately thereafter, the sale ma’
peerage
Bonds referred to in the Minister's announcement.”
All funds blocked since 1965, and funds owned by
future ants, “are to be released through the
medium of Government of Zimbabwe 12-Year 4%

“At the same time, the annual income limitation
of 15 000 Zimbabwean dollar has been lifted in those
cases where individuals elect to invest their entire
Zimbabwean assets in the redeemable bonds.



The older er stations are

com] to the new giants

the most likely ones

will save at best only a few hun-
dred MW.

Escom may also be reluctant to
shut older power stations in
te ght nih at year at

wi ut
heavier-than-expected demand
for power on these stations.

Therefore, the balance of
1600MW seems likely to be
achieved by deferring new sets.

Escom has already placed or-
ders for boilers ‘and generators
for the remaining power stations
in its current building pro-
gramme — Lethabo, Tutuka, Ma-

timba, Kendal and Majuba.

After 1 Lekwe, the Majuba
power near Aneraert
appears the most likely victim
further defe as

ferments as commis-
sioning of its first 600MW set has

already been postponed by a
Ee yaog Deen Post by ayear

The final set is scheduled for
completion in 1995.

Majuba is to be supplied with
coal by Transvaal Land and Ex-
Ploration (TC Land).

The Kendal power station, near
Ogies, is due to have its first gen-
erating set commissioned in 1989
and the final set in 1993.

Kendal will also be supplied by
TC Land.

Cso: 3400/1035

72


AZASO-UDF GROUP DISRUPTS AZASM RALLY

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 21 May 84 p 3

[Text] THE deputy president of
the Azanian People’s Or-
ganisation, Mr Saths

‘Movement (Azasm) and

those who tried to break

it up were about 60 stu-

dents, all members of

the rival Azanian Stu-
* dents Organisation.

The rally was, held in
honour of the late Turf-
loop Students’ Rep-
tesentative Council
president, Mr Abram

Tiro, who
was expelled from the
institution in 1972 after
he delivered a speech
which was very critical
of the system of black
education.

He was later killed by
a parcel bomb which
was delivered to him
while he was in self-exile
in Botswana. He died in
1974 and Saturday’s
event was to mark the
' 10th anniversary of his
death. :
Pandemonium began
when, at the beginning

of the rally, a group of
about 60 students, clad

csO: 3400/1035

in Azaso and United
Democratic Front T-
shirts entered the hall.
The new-comers kept
on disrupting speakers
~by chanting songs and
shouting slogans. Ef-
forts by SRC vice-presi-
dent, Mr Patrick Huma,
to cool the new-comers
drewa blank. ©

After Mr Huma tried”

to calm the unruly stu-

dents, the 60 continued .

with their singing and
chanting. However, the
service continued until
the end.

The meeting nearly
came to an end when
Azasm national orga-
niser Mr Jackie
Josa told the more than
500 people inside the
hall that it was a histor-
ical fallacy to say South
Africa belonged to both
blacks and whites, and
that it was only “prosti-
tutes” who belonged to
everybody at all times.

Mr Hlapolosa had
said that Azania (South
Africa) could not belong

‘to both the “oppres-
sors’’ and the ‘‘op-
pressed”, the “robbers”
and the “robbed” and
that fanatics ‘must know
that Tiro was not like

that.

33

SOUTH AFRICA



Coloureds, Indians Registering

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 84 p 9

[Article by Jaap Theron]

[Text ]

ByJAAP THERON ~
TENS of thousands of
Coloureds and Indians
are registering every day
as voters for the forth-
coming elections for their
respective chambers, Mr
Joe Pretorius, deputy
Chief Electoral Officer of
South Africa said yester-
day.
Mr Pretorius said the
Department of Internal
Affairs was very satisfied
with the response of
Coloureds and Indians to
the Department’s exten-
sive registration cam-

paign.

He said both groups
were extremely keen to
take part in the first elec-
tion that would establish
their own Houses in Par-
liament.

Altogether 80 Co-
loureds would eventually
be elected to their House
of Representatives and 40
Indians to their House of
Delegates.

Mr Pretorius said the
Coloureds and Indians
still have until June 2 to
register — and not the
end of this month — be-
cause of the public holi-
days. °
Indications are that a
record number of voters
would register for both
the two new Houses of
Parliament.

“Tt.would appear that
everything was now
geared for this historic

45

election,” he said.

He said his department
would publish the report
of the delimitation com-
mission today. This divi-
des South = Africa’s
Coloured and Indian
areas into Parliamentary
constituencies.

The report, together
with maps, reflecting the
new Coloured and Indian
constituencies throughout
the Republic, will be
available at all regional
offices of the Department
of Internal Affairs from
liam.

The Coloureds will of-
ficially nominate their
candidates for the Houses
‘of Representatives on
June 26 and their election
will take place on August
22.

"The Indians will nomi-

+ nate candidates for their

40 constituencies on June
30. Their election will be
on August 28.

The Citizen under-
stands it will not be poss-
ible for Coloureds to vote
for Indian candidates or
for Indians to vote for
Coloured candidates.

It is understood the
Government has no plans
to change the Political In-
terference Act. It will,
therefore, serve no pur-
pose for any Coloured or
Indian political party to
go multi-racial.

News by J Theron, 161
Mitchell Street, Pretoria.



FOSATU CALLS FOR NEW POLLS BOYCOTT

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 30 May 84 p 4

{Text] THE MORE than 100 000-

eso:

Strong multi-racial Feder-
ation’of South African
Trade’Unions (Fosatu) has

In August, coloured and
Indians are to go to the
polls to elect representa-
tives to sit in the new
‘chambers.

‘Under the banner
“Workers Unite —don’t
vote”, in the latest
edition of “Fosatu
Workers News” the
union condemns the
constitution which has
set up these “puppet”
parliaments as “unde-
mocratic, racist and

anti-worker.”
This is the second

time Fosatu has urged
workers not to vote.
Last year the union cam-
paigned for a “no” vote
in the white referendum
and workers went to
their jobs displaying
“one man, one vote”
stickers.”

In the article Fosatu
urges all workers, as
part of the campaign, to
stand together against
the new constitution.

3400/1035

@ About 395 workers
previously employed in
the clothing industry in
the Transvaal risk for-
feiting thousands of
rand from the Provi-
dent Fund. The workers
who had been contribut-
ing to the Fund could

not now be traced and
many are believed to
have left the industry.
The general secretary
of the Industrial Council

‘in the clothing industry,

Mr J H Thomas, said in
terms of the rules of the

“Fund these workers

were advised to make
application for the
money within a month.

He warned that the
workers would forfeit
their money if they did
not claim it. The public
is urged to help with the
whereabouts of the
workers.

The names of the
workers appear in the
latest edition of the
“Garment Worker”, of-
ficial journal of the Gar-
ment Workers’ Union
and the National Union
of Clothing Workers
(SA), and they should
apply to: Garment
Centre, 148 Kerk Street,
Johannesburg.

50

SOUTH AFRICA


Labor Party Action

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 84 p 9

[Text]

CSO:

3400/1035

DEFYING the Political Interference Act was a forma-
tive step in the Labour Party’s process of breaking
down ethnical structures in the new constitution, the
party’s Transvaal chairman, Mr Jac Rabie, said yester-
day.

Mr Rabie said his party was placing candidates for
both the Coloured House of Representatives and the
Indian House of Delegates “to spearhead a constitution
which suits all people, including the Black majority.”

“We want party members who feel ideologically at
home and not ethnically at home,” he added.

Asked whether this was a contradiction of Labour's
decision to participate in a constitution designed on an.
ethnical basis, Mr Rabie replied: “It is not a contradic-
tion because no system exists at the moment for partici-
pation at all. We are making a direct input into the new
system to encourage a constitution which suits every-
one.”

He said the party’s membership had always been
open to all races (although his was never made public),
but the Political Interference Act, which bars each race
from participating in the politics of others, had stood in
the way.

The Labour Party had entered into a consensus Gov-
ernment and it wanted to begin breaking race barriers
now, he said. Mr Rabie admitted that the LP’s move
were in line with comments made in the past by LP
Leader, the reverend Allan Hendrickse, who has stated
that his party would attempt to change apartheid “from
the inside.” —Sapa.

46



RAND TO DEVELOP NEW COAL MINES TO SUPPLY ESCOM

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 May 84 p 26

[Article by Don Wilkinson]

[Text] RAND MINES is to

cso:

develop two new mines
to supply coal to Es-
com via a joint venture
between TC Lands and
Witbank Colliery, at a
cost of almost R1,18-
billion over the next 15
years, in current
money terms.

Neither of the compan-
ies will benefit more than

minimally from the ven-
ture over the next couple
of years, but thereafter,

The two mines, to be
called Khutala and Maju-
ba, will be in the hands of
the joint venture, in

Colls will hold 30 and 70
percent respectively.
Under the arrange-
ments, TCL will assign
the use of its Escom con-
tracts for the two mines,

3400/1035

together with its coal
Tights, to the joint ven-
ture, and in addition, the
joint venture will also
have the use of a Phase
IV-A export allocation of
2,5-million tons of No 5
seam coal at Khutala.
(Coal from this seam is
not a part of Khutala’s
Escom contract).
Finance is to be funded
primarily from internal
Tesources, with the bal-
ance coming from bor-
rowings, most of which
have already been ar-

ranged.

The Khutala colliery,
which is near Ogies in the
Eastern Transvaal, Ken-
dal station, and will begin
producing in 1987, with
output reaching some

:12.2-million tons a year

75

by 1992.
At Majuba, which is
near Amersfoot and will
be supplier to the station
of the same name, pro-
duction is scheduled to
start in 1989, with 11,9-
million tons a year reach-

SOUTH AFRICA



present the wells supply us with
‘up to 25 megalitres a day and we
are planning to expand this to
about 100 million. The Cornelia
Mine near Vereeniging gives
20 megalitres a day and we will
expand this to about 80 megalitres
during next year.”

But the RWB plans this only as
an emergency, back-up measure.
And if it sees that the water table
is becoming too low, it will stop
pumping. So the danger of sink-
holes should be obviated, but only
time will show the effect that in-
creased pumping may have on
vegetation.

A Government water engineer
is more optimistic. He told The
Star he believes that as much as
the full capacity of Vaaldam could
be obtained in the Pretoria-Wit-
watersrand area, as an emergency
measure, for two years running —
without the threat of sinkholes. He
said that 340 million cubic metres
(as much as Grootdraaidam holds)
could -be ‘obtained annually in nor-
mal times.

His views are not shared by all
official engineers.

The’ effect of private boreholes
on groundwater reserves, and the
extent of pollution have also not
yet been determined. One ground-
water expert says that in the gran-
ite areas such as in northern
Johannesburg and Sandton it does
not much matter if boreholes are
pumped dry because they are
merely water-filled fissures which
rapidly fill up when normal rains
return.

The forthcoming international
conference on groundwater tech-
nology will be held in Johannes-
burg’s new National Exhibition
Centre at Crown Mines in No-
vember. It is being hosted by the
Borehole Water Association of
Southern Africa and 700 experts in
groundwater technology are ex-
ected to attend. One day has been,
Set aside for the layman.a By

Lynne Wilson, Staff Reporter. ~~ * +

cso: 3400/1035

85



ity of limited black re-
presentation at some
stage, the government
has at least recognized
the interdependence of
groups in local geo-po-
jitical settings. It would
make sense to argue for
an extension of the
powers of the black
groups in these bodies,
and for an increase in
the bodies’ authority
and powers. It would’
also make sense to ar-
gue that each region is
to some extent unique
in its problems and col-
lective attitudes, and
therefore that some re-
gions, like for example
the Witwatersrand, the
Eastern Cape, or the
metropolitan Natal-
Kwazulu area should be
allowed to negotiate
their own particular
power-sharing arrange-
ments at regional level.

One realizes immedi-
ately of course that
these suggestions over-
look some of the deeper-
lying and more general

causes of inequality in —

South Africa. If such
change initiatives as
those broadly suggested
above are successful,
however, they would not
merely be palliatives.
They would after all in-
crease the bargaining
power of blacks to nego-
tiate for further gains.

Whatever the merits
or demerits of these
specific proposals may
be, it seems necessary
that proponents of
change in South Africa
consider the areas of
lesser or greater flexi-
bility in the govern-
ment’s policies, and di-
rect their strategies
accordingly.

One might suggest that
sound analysis isa first
step in the possible cure
of our split personality
— analysis of the struc-
tures which underly ap-
parent contradictions.
This will reveal areas of
least rigidity in policy,
where specific and well-
backed pressures could
have significant effects,
as was the case with the
labour reforms in 1979.

cso: 3400/1035

40



JPRS-SSA-84-070

15 June 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Postmortem . of Lusaka, Namibian Settlement Talks

(Allister Sparks; THE STAR, 23 May 84)......esseeeeseeeceee L
ANGOLA
Briefs
Kwanza-Norte Fuel Marketing Figures 4
Students in Portugal Praise Party 4
New University Name 5
Freed British Hostages Say UNITA's Strength Underestimated
(THE CITIZEN, 17 May 84). ..ccccccsccccccccccccccscercceeece 6
Domestic Trade To Stress Rural Areas
. (JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 12 May 84).....ceseccceccccesccecececece 8
Hog Raising Hampered by Irregular Feed Supplies
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 13 May 84).....ccecccencececscecececeeee Ll
GUINEA
Economic Minister on Development Plans
(Richard Haba Interview; HOROYA, 8 May 84)........... seeeee 13
BCRG Communique on Banking Policies
(Kabine Kaba; HOROYA, 8 May 84).....ccccesscececscvvsceeses 16
MOZAMBIQUE

South African Daily on MNR Bandits’ Campaign of Violence
(Brendan Nicholson; THE STAR, 16 May 84).....ceeceseseeseee 17

-a- (III - NE & A - 120]



TRADE UNIONS LASHED FOR INTIMIDATION

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 25 May 84 p 8

[Article by Joshua Raboroko]

[Text] TRADE unions have
to curb the tendency of
strikes rather,

than dispute-settling

procedures. . .

This was said by Bar-
low Rand’s personnel
director, Mr Reinald
Hofmeyer, in the com-
pany’s monthly journal

arlow °84.” He says

the unions have to come
out in forthright condem-
nation of violence or
threatened violence
against non-strikers that
has occurred in some of
the company’s groups.
But, trade unionists
operating in most of
Barlow’s subsidiaries
have complained about
the hardened attitude
taken by some manage-
ments who refuse to rec-
opnise or negotiate with

a Metal and Allied
Workers’ Union
(Mawu) experienced
difficulties when it tried
to represent hundreds of
workers at Barlow Man-

cso: 3400/1035

In the journal, Mr
Hofmeyer says if man-
agements and unions be-
have responsibly and
sensitively in these diffi-
culties, “we can look
forward to a future that
will be characterised by
mutual respect rather
than confrontation.” —_

Many of their subsi-
diaries have been sin-
gled out as targets by
some unions. This may
be a legitimate tactic,
but it can be counter-
productive if accompa-
nied by actions calcu-
lated to drive a wedge
between employers and
employees.

“While our relations
with some unions are
sound and constructive,
the leadership of others
face a challenging task if

. a hardening of employer

attitude is to be averted.
There has been an es-
calation of worker mil-
itancy since the granting
of significant new rights
on the labour front that
has not been accompa-

63

nied by a corresponding

extension of social and.

political rights.

The company’s policy
on negotiations with
trade unions is ex-
pressed in their code of
employment. Managers
have been warned not to
refuse to negotiate with
trade unions.

SOUTH AFRICA



The NP’s candidate, Mrs Sheila Camerer, has
gone about her task of winning support ina
commendably cool manner.

She has the advantage. The country is gripped
by the new image of reform and peace of the
NP’s leader, the Prime Minister, Mr PW Bo-
tha.

English-speakers are rallying behind him in
growing numbers.

But if Rosettenville is to confirm the ground-
swell of English-speaking support for peace
and reform, the NP’s victory must be a re-
sounding one.

We think, as things stands, that it deserves this

, Support and vote of confidence.

CSO: 3400/1035

49



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

ANTIBANDIT POLICE CAMP--A TEMPORARY police station has been established at
Mulelezi shopping centre, near Mwenezi, to make it easier for residents to
report the presence of dissidents. This was announced by the Governor of
Masvingo Province, Cde Dzikamayi Mavhaire, who toured Mutelezi, Maranda and
Mushumbe areas in the Mwenezi district recently. The tour came in the wake
of reports from Mwenezi that people there were not willing to report the pres-
ence of dissidents. It was at Mulelezi School that five teachers were severe-
ly muttlated by dissidents in February. During his tour the governor, who
was accompanied by senior army, police and ZANU (PF) officials, addressed
several rallies at which he urged people to co-operate with the security
forces. "There was good response from the people and we are convinced that
now they will be able to report any presence of dissidents," Cde Mavhaire
said after the tour. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 84 p 9]

DROUGHT KILLS CATTLE--MASVINGO. THE drought has killed about 40 000 cattle
in Masvingo province since January, with Chibi district recording the highest
figure of 14 784. The provincial animal health inspector for Masvingo, Mr
Chris Diedericks, said yesterday that fewer cattle were dying now because of
the widespread rain at the end of March which had improved grazing. But, he
added, cattle deaths between October 1983 and April this year had totalled a
"stunning" figure of 74 453, of which 39 896 had died between January and
April this year. In comparison, about 51 000 cattle died in the province
between October 1982 and October last year. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in
English 9 May 84 p 5]

CZECHS GIVE PARTY SCHOLARSHIPS--CZECHOSLOVAKIA has given Zanu (PF) 10 scholar-
ships this year following an inter-party agreement signed by the party's
president, Cde Mugabe, during his visit to that country after independence.
The Czech Ambassador to Zimbabwe, Cde Josef Janecek, told a news conference
in Harare that his government had granted Zimbabwe a total of 15 scholarships
this year because of agreements between both countries and parties. All the
recipients will be given technical training. Technical and scientific experts
would soon be coming to Zimbabwe to help the departments of aviation, veterinary
services and medicine. "The first group should be arriving sometime between
June and July and they will work here for two to three years," he said. Cde
Janecek said his country was interested in developing trade links to import
tobacco and nickel from Zimbabwe. "This country could also benefit from our
exports of bicycle spare parts, knitting or textile machinery, snythetic

98


COMMENTARY ON BOTHA'S EUROPEAN TOUR

[Editorial]
[Text ] THE Prime Minister Mr P W Botha

left South Africa yesterday on the
first leg of his European tour amidst
reports of planned hostile receptions
from anti-apartheid campaigners
and various opposition politicians in
those countries.

Clearly, Mr Botha will consider
just the fact of the tour as‘a political
and diplomatic coup. Indeed, com-
ing in the wake of the Nkomiati
Accord, and other initiatives in
southern Africa, this tour will be the
cherry on top of the cake for Mr
Botha.

Mr Botha’s hosts on this tour
have suggested that it is just as im-

it for them to speak to Mr Bo-
tha as it is to speak to the Russians.
They have suggested that the fact
that they will speak to Mr Botha
does not necessarily mean that they
support the policy of apartheid,
which, they added, they abhor.

The important thing about this
tour, however, is not just how much
Mr Botha can get out of it politi-
cally, but what effect the tour will
have on the future of southern Af-
rica as a whole. .

There is no doubt that while this
Government has been praising itself
over Nkomati, internal dissent has
grown. The point that was made at
the time of Nkomati — namely that
the problems of this country do not
lie in Mozambique or Swaziland or

Lesotho, but right here in Soweto,
Langa, KwaMashu and Pretoria —
is still just as valid.

23

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 May 84 p 4

We would hope that this point will
be made to Mr Botha in no uncer-
tain terms. It is not a visit to these
countries that will bring stability to
our troubled country. It is not the
signing of accords with helpless
neighbours that will bring peace to
this region.

It is ironic that while accords are
the in thing in South Africa, the
Government continues its hostile at-
titudes to any black organisation
that dares speak out for the black
people of South Africa.

Apartheid is still just as well and
alive as it was years ago. What Mr
Botha will be doing is trying to sell a
repackaged apartheid, and. only
those who wish to be fooled will
think it is a different product.

We are still faced with the same

problems we faced years ago. Right
now, the Government is trying to
flog the concept of the new Consti-
tution to the coloureds and Indians,
but the majority of these people
know that no constitution which ex-
cludes the majority of the people of a
country can work.

While trying to be all nice to the
coloureds and Indians, black politi-
cal organisations are being harassed
and their officials intimidated. Or-
ganisations like the UDF have been
labelled fronts of the African Na-
tional Congress — simply because

SOUTH AFRICA



NAMIBIA

VAN NIEKERK COMMENTS ON LUSAKA TALKS, SWAPO
MB252106 Windhoek DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 17 May 84 p 1

[Text] Dr Willie van Niekerk, administrator general of South-West Africa,
speaking in an interview on the radio and television services of the South-West
African Broadcasting Corporation, has said that those planning and executing
acts of terror in South-West Africa/Namibia will encounter the full strike
capability of the security forces.

Dr van Niekerk also said that. peace could have been achieved at the Lusaka
conference if SWAPO had been prepared to reach an agreement with the Multiparty
Conference [MPC].

Dr van Nierkerk put it this way: Three days of negotiations took place between
SWAPO and the MPC on a declaration that would bring peace to the territory. At
the 11th hour SWAPO and its delegation decided to continue with the MPC on any
joint declaration.

I would like you to know that two Ovambo men lost their lives in a gruesome
manner on Monday, 14 May, in Ovambo.

I would like to assure the local residents that those who plan and execute
acts of terror will face the full strike capability of the territory's security
forces.

In answer to a question on SWAPO stating that it had not talked to South Africa
in Lusaka, the administrator general replied: The claim is not true. The
administrator general of South-West Africa was present, and he is South Africa’
representative in this territory. Furthermore, SWAPO had direct talks with
the MPC during the conference.

Concerning SWAPO's claim that it went to Lusaka to negotiate peace with South
Africa, the administrator general said: South Africa is always available for
peace talks in the territory. These could easily take place if SWAPO stops its
terrorist activities. There is no war between South Africa and any other
country. South Africa's security forces are here to protect the local inhabi-
tants against acts of terror by SWAPO.

19



need to be told by anyone that
Bantu Education is inferior and
unacceptable. We experience
this daily,” said one pupil who
did not want to be named.

One of the pupils’ major ob-.
jections is the presence of
white policemen near the
school premises and in streets.
“Some of us have come to hate
the mere sight of a white po-
liceman,” said another pupil.

Reacting to the Minister's
“forces of subversion” allega-
tion, the Rev David Mosoma,
chairman of the ad hoc com-
mittee of clergymen in the
area, said: “No black person
needs to be incited into know-
ing that apartheid is an op-
pressive, ugly system or that
Bantu Education is inferior.
‘The pupils know that, as do any
other black people subjected to

system.”

In his view, the boycott was
only the tip of the iceberg. “The
Government must take urgent
steps aimed at changing the
whole social structure before
we witness worse things,” Mr
Mosoma said. He added that
the Pretoria boycott bore a
close resemblance to the
events leading up to the 1976
Ti .

Echoing Mr Mosoma, the -

Mayor of Atteridgeville, Mr ZZ
Mashao, said that although he
appreciated the personal ef-
forts of Mr du Plessis in trying
to end the boycott, the fact was
that the Minister could go only
‘as far as the apartheid laws

permitted.

. “The basic problems are not ;

so much in the grievances
aired by the pupils but in the
whole policy of the Govern-

ment. The only remedy is to.

abolish the different education
systems and to create a single
system for all.”

‘Turning to the impasse
which led to the closure of the
schools, Mr Mashao said he re-

that the Government
might feel that the uncondition-
al release of the arrested
puipls would.be interpreted as.

cso: 3400/1035

a sign of weakness, but that a
lot more could be achieved

- with a stern warning to the

pupils before their release.

“TI think wisddom dicates
that releasing the pupils and
- perhaps losing: face is, by far,
better than risking another

- June '76.

“Such a gesture would also.
go a long way in demonstrating
statesmanship and big-hearted-
ness on the part of the rulers.”

An Atteridgeville parent, Mr
Dan Ramotsiu, also rejected
the Minister’s charge that the
pupils had been intimated by
outside forces. “That is simply.
not true,” he said.

On the arrested pupils issue,
Mr Ramotsui said one way of
resolving the matter swiftly
would be for the police to bring
the accused to court as speedi-
ly as possible so that the mat-
ter could be resolved once and

for all. .

“This would be regardless of
which way the verdict went,”
he said.

+ Fear and uncertainty linger
in the aftermath of the schools’
closure. But some still hope.

There is widespread fear
that, if immediate steps are not

. taken to bring the situation

under control, it could reach
they Proportions of the 1976 un-

If left unchecked, some resi-
dents fear, it is likely that
pupils in nel
lodi township could be be

to boycott classes in
their own areas in sympathy
with their fellow pupils.

Said a matric pupil from the
Dr WF Nkomo High School:
“We sincerely pray and hope
that the present situation will
not spread to other areas and
that the Government will take
urgent steps to forestall any
such ugly development.”

Parents and pupils in the af-
fected areas are working on
plans to send a delegation to
Mr du Plessis, hoping that dis-
cussions with him will lead to
the re-opening of the six
schools.

31



BLACKS MORE OPTIMISTIC ABOUT ECONOMIC FORECAST

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 84 p 25

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. —
WHITE consumers
have perceived a
worsening in economic
conditions and have
become more pessimis-
tic in their outlook
while the views of
Black consumers were
in sharp contrast to this
and more of them per-
ceived better economic
conditions. They ex-
pected conditions to
improve during the
next 12 months.

In the latest consumer
survey compiled by the
Bureau for Economic Re-
search at the University
of Stellenbosch it was
stressed that the survey
was undertaken before
the Minister of Finance
had announced that GST
was to go up by three per-
centage points as from
July 1, 1984. Thus the re-
ported confidence ex-
pressed by some partici-
pants in the survey would
not necessarily be main-
tained.

As far as the financial
situation of consumers
was concerned it
peared as if that of Whites
had become marginally
tighter over the last three
months whilst that of
Blacks behaved in a simi-

lar fashion. Whites were
somewhat less optimistic
about short-term —im-
provements in their finan-
cial situation, but Black
house-holds had become
“much more optimistic.”

In all, the financial situ-
ation had tightened mar-
ginally but respondents
anticipated a substantial
easing to occur during the
coming 12 months.

“White households
have become much more
pessimistic about a slow-
down in the rate at which
prices are expected to rise
in the coming months.

“They have also detec-
ted an acceleration in the
Tate at which prices have
risen during the past three
months or so. Black
households have reported
in a similar fashion but
have perceived only a
slight change in the ex
Post tempo of price in-
creases.

“As at the time of the

previous survey, general .

economic conditions fa-
voured — in the opinion
of the respondents —
neither spending nor sav-
ing. Both groups respon-
ded in this manner and it
would appear as if saving
and spending are likely to
receive equal proportions
of the consumers’ discre-
tionary income.

55

“The —spending/saving
pattern will, however, un-
doubtedly be distorted by

the coming GST in-
sereases. Moré money will
be spent on goods during
May and June to be fol-
lowed by a sharp decline
in spending during July
and September in particu-
lar.

“Confidence suffered a
setback among business-
men and White con-
sumers but improved in
the Black household sec-
tor. The causes for the de-
terioration in White con-
sumer confidence may be
found in preceived econ-
omic conditions in paticu-
lar.

_ The Blacks in turn re+
ported favourably about
past and expected econ-
omic conditions and this
goes a long way in ex-
plaining the improvement
in their confidence le-
vels,” the Bureau said.
“The present survey
was undertaken before
the announcement by the
Minister of Finance that
GST was to be increased
to 10 percent on July 1
and that certain basic
foodstuffs" are to be
exempted from GST. It is
thus impossible to infer
from this survey what in-
fluence the Minister’s an-
nouncement had on con-

SOUTH AFRICA



RICHARDS BAY EXPORT COAL DILEMMA ANALYZED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 23 May 84 p 3

[Article by Brendan Ryan]

[Text ]

NEGOTIATIONS have a long
way to go to determine which
companies will use the pro-
posed new facility for
smaller coal exporters at
Richards Bay.
A decision from South African
Services (Sats) on whe-
ther the terminal — to be complete-
ly separate from the existing Rich-
ards Bay Coal Terminal (RBCT) —
will get the go-ahead is expected
early next month.
However, decisions on who will
use the terminal, and therefore pay
* for it, are much further down the
track.

If it gets the go-ahead Sats will
contribute about R70m for the facil-
ity and the users about R170m.

While the exporters granted pro-
visional Phase 4 coal allocations
have been broadly split into large
and small new a number of
companies could be classified
either way, depending on the per-
mits finally allocated by the De-
partment of Mineral and Energy
Affairs.

~The dividing line between large

and small for Phase 4 was set at
$00 000 tons of coal exports annual-
iy.

However, a company with an an-
nual permit for 500 000 tons
of one grade of coal could wind up
as a large exporter, while another
company also e: 500 000
tons, but of several grades, could be

classified as a small exporter.

The need for a smaller terminal
by the desired size of
export shipments from the small
mines,

An annual export quota of 180 000
tons is equal to two average shi-
loads out of the present terminal
tt the mines would prefer to ship it
out in 20000-ton or 30 000-ton car-

goes,

Companies that end up negotiat-
ing thelr way into the present ter-
minal will find there are two kinds
of users — the present members
and newcomers to the export pro-
gramme.

The distinction will have impor-
tant financial implications for the
newcomers.

They will probably have to make
some kind of financial contribution
in recognition of the facilities at the
terminal, paid for by existing mem-
bers, but from which the newcom-
ers will derive benefit in Phase 4
exports.

While major mining houses, such -

as GFSA and JCI, have Participated
in earlier exports through ans.
vaal Coal Owners’ Assocation
(TCOA) allocations, they are new-
comers to the scheme in Phase 4,
which has given them allocations in
their own right.

Apart from the technical and
financial problems, the expansion
to Phase 4 is also affected by the
present state of the coal market.

Richards Bay terminal exported
29,84-million tons of coal in 1983 and
estimates for this year’s shipments

73

— the first of Phase 3 exports — are
for about 35-million tons.
However, industry sources say
to date in 1984 are running
at about 10% below forecasts and
the 35-million tons estimate could
be revised.

Delays to the bi to full
Phase 3 output of 44-million tons
annually wil the start of
Phase 4, is already not ex-
pected to come in before 1990.

Things could get worse with the
huge El Cerrejon export coal mine
in Columbia apparently on schedule
and due to start competing with SA
exporters in markets
from next year, a

Richards Bay Coal Terminal and
Amcoal chairman, Mr Graham
Boustred, says negotiations on the
Phase 4 expansion of the facility
have reached an advanced stage but
are extremely complicated.

The present members have spent
about: R350m to bring Phase 3 on
stream. The terminal, as it stands,
has considerable “brownfields” po-
tential in that it can be expanded to
meet the Phase 4 allocations of the
existing members. .

New members joining the RBCT
would have to go “greenfields” and
Pay for new facilities for the export
of their allocations,

“However, we are looking at a
single, integrated export terminal.
The brownfields potential of the
terminal belongs to the present
members who paid for it.

“The question of members par-
ticipating physically in Phase 4 can



PROBLEMS OF ‘NEW DISPENSATION' EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 21 May 84 p 6

[Article by Peter Sullivan]

[Text ]

SOUTH AFRICA

It is a complicated exercise, but if answers are not found there could be
more chaos than consensus during the first years of the new dispensation,

writes Peter Sullivan, The Star’s Political Correspondent.

Members of all parties represented
in the last all-white Parliament of
South Africa are busy examining
the entrails of the new constitution
to see exactly how political ideals
will work in practice. coos
It is a perplexing operation, for
decisions have to be taken on rules
of procedure, on times, on venues,
on methodology, on conventions, on
.all decisions affecting a
buneh of politicians not yet elected. -
-Not that this Parliament lacks
experience in taking decisions on
behalf of the ited. It has
been doing that since 1910 with few
qualms. But this time the decisions
will be examined and tested within
a year by the people for whom they
were taken.
There is an important parliamen-
tary committee called (somewhat
obscurely) the Standing Committee
on Standing Rules and Orders which
is now having a devilish job decid-
ing how the new standing joint com-
mittees will work in the new three-
chamber Parliament. So it has set
up several sub-committees to inves-
tigate problems and suggest solu-
tions. A series ‘of problems have al-

ready been identified but not yet
ane ‘main problem to be
appears

the Budget. This is the basis of all
parliamentary work, the way the
electorate gets political satisfaction
for taxes taken by the Government
and spent wisely or unwisely.

Under the Westminster system,
the Cabinet Ministers each swear an
cath of secrecy, decide how the cake
should be made and how it should be
cut, and inform Parliament of this
decision during the Budget speech.
‘Then each Minister defends the way
he has spent his allocation.

The Minister of Finance has to
detend the way he raised taxes and
the way he (with collective Cabinet
responsibility) allocated the’funds. :

Under the American system, the

_ President bargains with Congress‘

on how much should be raised in
taxes and on where this should be
spent. It is all done publicly. Some-
times sometimes Con-

it will be difficult to have collective

Cabinet responsibility, for the Cabi-
net will contain members of differ-
ent political parties who believe in

25

T

totally different budgetary policies.

No credible coloured or Indian
party leader is going to accept a
budget laid out along National
Party lines and then defend that to
his caucus,

Some leeway will have to be
given to Cabinet members to dis-
agree with the final decision, de-
spite all the talk of consensus.

Another problem causing sub-
committee members to scratch
their heads is the question of the
No-confidence debate. It will work
all right in the white House, for the
Government will defend its policies
against the Official Opposition.

But in the (coloured) House of
Representatives, the leader of the

_ dominant party will have to defend

his party against the Leader of the
Opposition and then he will have to
table his own motion of no confi-
dence in the State President (unless
he agrees in toto with National
Party policy). The same has to be
repeated in the (Indian) House of
Delegates.



ZIMBABWE

FAMILIES SQUATTING ON SHURUGWI FARM WILL NOT BE EVICTED
Harare THE HERALD in English 18 May 84 p 1
{Article by Ndaba Nyoni]

{Tex¢] THE 27 families who are occupying Little Impala Farm near Shurugwi
will not be evicted despite a court order for their removal, the Minister of
Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development, Cde Moven Mahachi, said yesterday.

In an interview with The Herald, he said that as far as his ministry was con-

cerned the families were not squatters and there was no reason why they had to
be evicted. .

“These people have been living on the farm since 1957 and the previous owner
never saw it fit to evict them. Even the ruthless Smith regime left them as
they were and what reason do we have to evict them?" he asked.

A Shurugwi farmer, Mr Robert Rensford, bought the 1 620 ha farm in 1980 for
an estimated $40 000 and it is alleged that there wére only 18 families then,
who had refused to work on the farm.

In October last year the High Court ordered the Commissioner of Police to
help court officials evict the families following Mr Rensford's summons against
15 of the families for damages arising from their "illegal use" of his land.

The commissioner later appealed against the judgment and the Supreme Court in
March dismissed his appeal, saying he did not have any rights to override legis-
lative enactments or to authorise members of the police force to disregard their
duties.

A day after the dismissal of the commissioner's appeal, Mr Rensford's attorneys
wrote to the commissioner requesting him to instruct the police to help a mes-
senger of court serve the families with eviction notices.

However, the families are still on the farm and Cde Mahachi said: "They are

going to stay because we cannot evict families that havé been staying péace-
fully on a farm for 28 years."

He said Mr Rensford bought the farm knowing that there were péople who had beén
on the farm for a long time and his ministry's officials liad advised him not to
buy it.

91



ANGOLA

FREED BRITISH HOSTAGES SAY UNITA'S STRENGTH UNDERESTIMATED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 May 84 p 14

[Text] LONDON.--British hostages released by Unita believe their government
underestimates the strength of Dr Jonas Savimbi's guerrilla forces in Angola.

The 16 Britons were released at the weekend after 11 weeks in captivity, and
they maintain that last year the British ambassador to Luanda, Mr Marrack
Goulding, told them Unita was "incapable" of attacking the diamond mining town
of Kafunfo, where they were seized.

The Foreign Office said yesterday this was "not entirely accurate" and that
they had been told that in a civil war situation, it was impossible for ab-
solute guarantees to be given for their safety.

Their estimates of the number of Unita fightess involved in the attack on
Kafunfo range from 500 to 2 000.

The hostages travelled 1 280km through the bush, on foot and by truck, to
Jamba base camp in Southern Angola.

One of the men, Mr Ian Fenton, said Unita operated without fear of air attack
south of the Benguela railway, which bisects Angola.

He and others said they believed Dr Savimbi when he told them he now felt able
to attack any target in Angola.

They think Unita controls more than the one-third of the country with which
it is generally credited.

Mr Robert Jones, a mine manager, said there were about 100 diamond security
forces in the area and a few Angolan soldiers.

"They did the sensible thing and took to their heels. ‘There was almost no
returning fire."

The hostages praised Unita for their discipline and the good treatment they
received while they were in captivity.



pansion.

Alternatively, they could use this
Spare capacity to bring in the Phase
4 newcomers, after a suitable con-
tribution to Phase 3 costs, although
whether the Department of Mineral
and Energy Affairs would agree to
either proposal is debatable.

At this stage, newcomers joining
the RBCT are likely to be Anglo-

Spar
(1,5-million tons), GFSA (2-million
tons), Icodev, which is a subsidiary
of Agip (2-million tons), JCI (1,5-
million tons), Messina (500 000 tons),
Duiker (500 000 tons) and Clydes-
dale (500 000 tons).

Companies which are on the bor-
derline between the RBCT and the
smaller terminal are D& H Coal
(675000 tons), Alfred McAlpine
(500 000 tons), Kangra (550 000 tons)
and Tselentis Brothers Mining

000 tons).

Cs0: 3400/1035

74


R63-m Shaft

THE total cost of the 1A Shaft will be R63 million,
which includes ventilation arrangements, devel-
opment and an underground hoist.

The new shaft is to partially replace the existing No
1 Shaft, which is in a highly stressed area, and will give
access to the No ! Shaft pillar. It will also improve
underground ventilation.

This is a circular shaft of 6,3 metres in diameter.

It will be used on an upcast ventilation shaft to a
depth of 1 085 metres and below this, to a final depth
of 1 487 metres, it will be used to hoist ore.

So far R15,5 million has been spent on this project.

Work started in January last year and the shaft has
now reached a depth of 1 084 metres. Sinking is
expected to be completed by early 1986.

Profiling of stations is being carried out as sinking
progresses, and work on the development of the hoist
chamber is about to start.

Underground hoisting facilities will comprise a
Koepe winder for rock and ore, and a small double-
drum winder will be installed for men and material.

The shaft is being sunk through a stoped out area
and as a result 10 000 tons of grouting material has
had to be used to fill in the area.

csO: 3400/1035

80


South Africa needs a pretext for
dropping “linkage”, to which it has
been jointly committed with the
Americans for more than two
Prime Minister P W Botha indicat-
ed in a speech in Parliament on April
27 what this could be.

“The people of South West Africa,
including Swapo, cannot wait indef-
initely for a breakthrough on the
Cuban question,” he said.

“If the political parties, including
Swapo, can in the meantime come
to some agreement with regard to
the future of their country, South Afri-
ca will not stand in the way of such an

”

agreement
On May 7, the day before the start

of the Lusaka conference, Foreign
Minister Pik Botha said the same,
adding in reply to a question that
the Cuban issue was “hypothetical.”
President Kaunda gave a cautious
indication in an interview after the
Lusaka meeting of what the formula
for amending Resolution 435 might

First of all, he wanted what would
have been called the Lusaka Declara-
tion, signed by all parties, to affirm
Resolution 435 and call for its imme-
diate implementation regardless of
the Cubans. “Then we would have
sent a message to Mr P W Botha
asking him to meet his side of the
bargain,” President Kaunda said.

The meeting itself could not amend
435, Kaunda said. To attempt that
would be “difficult” and even “danger-
ous.” But once mutual trust had been
established by a common affirmation
of the principles contained in it, then
the parties could seek agreement on
amendments which could be put to
the UN Secretary-General, who in
fm could ask the s Security Council to

e the requ changes,

._ A few days later it became clear
that there would be no resistance
from within the UN ‘secretariat to
such amendments. Mr Brian Urqu-

‘hart, the Under-Secretary-General,
told the J Financial Mail
in an interview in New York that 485
was no “holy cow” and could easily be
amended to meet changed circum-
‘stances, provided everyone involved
agreed to the changes,

i Would Swapo agree? Publicly, it
is adamant in its commitment to the
resolution as it stands, but in private
conversation it becomes apparent
that this is primarily because of its
deep mistrust of South Africa, which
it feels has played games on Namibia
for years.

Any suggestion of modification, and
Swapo suspects more South African

-panky. +

“If we really believed South Afri-
ca was serious about letting Nami-
bia become independent with free and
fair elections, then we wouldn’t object
to having someone else we could trust
do the monitoring,” one leading
Swapo member remarked.

Clearly, therefore, the quid pro quo
South Africa wants is negotiable. Mis-
trust is the only obstacle.

Mistrust is what prevented the Lu-
saka conference from clinching the
deal. It became evident in conversa-
tions afterwards that the Swapo dele-
gates had not fully appreciated the
significance of Mr P W Botha’s
April 27 statement and Mr Pik
Botha’s of May 7.

If indeed there was a tacit under-
standing between South Africa and
Zambia to do a deal on the basis of
a linkage-435 trade-off, as I believe
there was, then the Zambian inter-
mediaries had failed to get this across
convincingly enough to the Swapo del-
egates. This is where the “pre-cook-
ing” was inadequate.

Many Swapo members came to the
meeting suspecting that it was a con
trick; that South Africa had no inten-
tion of settling and that they were
being brought there under false pre-
tences to give a stamp of recognition
to the Multiparty Conference prior
to that alliance of internal parties
making a public relations tour of
some African and European coun-
tries.

From the outset they were on the
lookout for evidence of this — and
being in that frame of mind they
‘soon saw it.

At the close of the second day, the
MPC responded to attempts to draw
up the Lusaka Declaration by say-
ing they had no mandate from their
members to commit them to such a

Kaunda smoothed over this crisis,
but next day the MPC’ bi Ms white
parties, particularly Mr ludge’s
Republican Party and Mr Eben van
Zijl’s National Party, continued quib-
bling over attempts to get consensus
on the “linkage” and 435 issues. They
exhumed old objections about the lack
of UN impartiality that were sup-
posed to have been buried nine
months ago.



SOUTH AFRICA

PRESIDENT BRAND TO BE WORLD'S BIGGEST GOLD PLANT

Johannesburg MINING WEEK in English 9 May 84 p 5

[Text] 4 NEW gold plant

under construction at
President Brand will
be the world’s biggest
of its kind.

The plant is one of a
number of major pro-
jects at the Anglo Améri-
can gold mine in the
Orange Free State.

Work is also in pro-
gress on the sinking of
two shafts as part of an
ambitious capital expen-
diture programme which
will absorb an estimated
R113 million this year
alone.

These and other pro-
jects are aimed at increa-
sing production by about
33 percent and, at the
same time, improving
extraction rates in the
new six module 390 000
t/month gold plant.

At present President
Brand mills about
280 000 tons a month
and, at an average yield
of 6,8 grams/tons, the
mine expects to produce
22.980 kg of gold this

year.

Progress is being made
‘on the new No. 5 Shaft,
where R30 million is to
be spent this year on
sinking, station cutting,
developing and the pro-
vision of rock hoisting
facilities.

Shaft sinking started
in 1981 and so far R107

million has been spent on
this project. The total
cost will be about R244
million in 1980 money.

It is anticipated that
No. 5 Shaft will hoist its
first ore early in 1987.

The No. 1A Shaft, 300
metres from the No. |!
Shaft, is the second new
shaft being sunk. This
will be used to recover
gold from the No. !
Shaft pillar, which con-
tains high grade ore.

In an unusual arrange-
ment, ore will be hoisted
to 28 level (1 150 metres
below surface) in the No.
1A Shaft, when opera-
tions start, and will then
be conveyed to No. 1
Shaft to be hoisted to the
surface.

More than R16 million
has been allocated to this
project this year.

While all this is in pro-
gress, work has started
underground to provide
increased mining capa-
city to match the demand
to be created by the new

‘plant. Work under-

ground will absorb R12,2

78

million this year.

The new gold plant, to
be commissioned in
1986, will cost R157 mil-
lion in 1983 money
(R21,7 million to be
spent this year), and will
replace the existing gold
plant which started oper-
ating nearly 30 years ago.

Work on the new plant
started in January this

year.

The plant will be con-
structed in modular form
with run-of-mine milling

-and carbon-in-pulp pro-

cess configuration, with
gravity concentration.

The latest technology
is being applied through-
out in the design.

Two railbins and 12
coarse ore silos will pro-
vide 48 hours storage for
the six 4,9 metre diame-
ter by 10 metre long run-
of-mine mills which will
grind ore to about 76 per-
cent minus 74 microns.

Gravity concentration
will be by conventional
Johnson drums and end-
less belts, while thicken-
ing will be carried out in

,


"Yet in March, 1984," said the judge, "CIO officers are apparently still deny-
ing detained persons one of the rights, and a most important one at that, con-
ferred on them by the Constitution."

This right of access was thoroughly convassed in the recent air force officers’
trial, said Mr Justice Smith, and the issue was extensively reported in the
local Press.

"It is inconceivable that the existence and inviolability of this right is
not known to all CIO officers of any standing.

"This court takes a very serious view of such deliberate flouting of the pro-
visions of the Constitution by CIO officers."

Mr Mafara had said in argument that if Paweni had applied for an order of
mandamus to secure this right, the State would not have opposed the action.

"I fail to understand," said Mr Justice Smith, "why it should be necessary for
a detained person to have to apply to a court for a mandamus before he can
exercise the rights which are conferred upon him by the Constitution."

The CIO had extensive discretionary powers conferred upon them, he said.

"The conferring of such powers carries a concomitant obligation that they must
be exercised bona fide, reasonably, with discretion and within the law.

"CIO officers must be zealous in ensuring thaf the provisions of the Constitu-
tion and the (Emergency Powers) Regulations are complied with and that the
rights of detained persons are respected."

But he said that while the methods adopted and the reasons given by CIO of-
ficers for Paweni's detention could be criticised, he did not feel there
were sufficiently strong grounds for coming to the conclusion that they were
acting with improper motives. Bail was refused.

He would have declared Paweni's detention unlawful if it had been proved that
the CIO detained him under Emergency Powers Regulations merely as a means to
investigate a criminal offence or to prevent him from jumping bail.

Mr Ian Donovan, instructed by Gill, Godlonton and Gerrans, appeared for Pawent.

cso: 3400/985

89



SOUTH AFRICA

NEED FOR NEW SUGAR PRODUCTION STRATEGY STRESSED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 May 84 p 29

[Text] The severe blow dealt to South Africa's sugar industry through a glut on
the world sugar market, crop failures through drought and floods and disease,
called for a re-assessment of sugar production and marketing strategies, according
to representatives of the sugar industry.

The vice-chairman of the South African Cane Growers' Association, Mr Tony Ardington,
said the industry could well re-coop sufficiently in the near future to service and
repay the industry's debt of R323-million.

The vice-chairman of the South African Sugar Association, Mr Kies van der Poll,
said the R300-million debt of the sugar industry was comparatively small when
viewed in the light of the total financial investment in the sugar industry esti-
mated at R2,000-million.

Despite the setbacks, the industry argued that it could meet the challenge of
recovering from a position of strength. One reason for this confidence was that
South Africa boasted the third lowest production costs among 35 sugar refining
countries which allowed producers to compete on free terms in the international
trade. .

The managing director of the largest sugar producer last season, Mr Glyn Taylor,
pointed out, however, that sugar surpluses in the world market selling at low and
subsidized prices, robbed the South African sugar industry of better income.

The coming meeting of the UN Sugar Conference in Geneva in June is considered
to be of vital importance by the South African sugar industry.

The leader of the South African Sugar Association's delegation, Mr John Chance,
said it was hoped that a compromise would be reached in terms of which sugar
supplies to the world market would be restricted, enabling the sugar price to
stabilize in a reasonable range profitable to both exporter and importer.

The communications manager of the Sugar Association, Mr Frans Oosthuizen, said
the domestic market remained the cornerstone of the industry in the face of the
difficulties which have to be faced, What was needed to boost the local market
was a new marketing strategy.

57



than in any other country in the free
world.

On this basis, the Government
should be prepared to risk consumer
criticism and create a pricing policy
to guarantee the long-term profit-
ability of agriculture.

‘One major drawback to a policy of
protection is that South African in-

dustries and producers will have to

Sacrifice the export market.

ONLY OPTION OPEN

The only means by which the ex-

losses can be absorbed would be

through the unpopular and unfair

method of passing these costs on to
the consumer.

_ Unfortunately it is the only option

ippen to the Government outside a di-

strategy.

‘In defence of my own industry’s
‘role in contributing to any increases
in the price of food in South Africa, it
tmust be established that during the
‘past 10 years the agrochemical price
lincreases have in only one year
(1982) exceeded the rate of inflation.

This hiccup was caused by the

eakening of the rand by 30 percent
lagainst the dollar. _

‘A measure of the benefits to agri-
\culture of the agrochemical industry
is that in the 1963/64 season a record

maize yield of 1,1 tons a hectare was
recorded.

The record harvest of the 1980/81
season produced 3,1 tons a hectare.
Even during the first year of the cur-
rent drought, in the 1981/82 season,
the yield was 1,9 tons a hectare.

Despite the significant role the
agrochemical industry plays in in-
creasing food production, the market
is relatively small.

The agricultural chemical market
in crop and animal health controls
represerits about five percent of

total farm luction costs.
The ‘otal taarket is worth about

R260 million. The cost of agricul-
tural chemicals to the farmer is his
fifth largest item after labour, ma-

cso: 3400/1035

chinery (including fuel), feeds and
fertiliser.

One of the most significant statis-
tics of the market is the phenomenal
growth in the use of agricultural
chemicals duting the past decade.

In the. five years before 1977 use
increased 200 percent by value. In
the five years up to 1982 the rise was
110 percent. The total increase over
the 10 years was 500 percent. ©

There is no doubt that the agricul-
tural industry in South Africa is
firmly based. The in demand
for food is a fact of life.

What is needed now is a long-term
strategic plan from the Government
that will guarantee a sound future of
the industry.

53



First, we are going to work out a 1985-1986 intermediate development plan,
by which Guinean and foreign investors will get an exact idea of our priori-
ties. Thus the privileged sectors will be identified.

Second, this supposes that we tackle the nation's economic and financial prob-
lems starting right now, a condition without which we would not be able to
benefit from the foreign investments which we were talking about a little
while ago. The question is important because the country's whole economic
future is dependent on it. But in this field, as in others, we are not ashamed
to appeal for bilateral and multilateral technical assistance.

Moreover, you have noted that, for several days now, the World Bank has been
visiting among us.

Linked to the question asked, there is the problem of underemployment in the
tertiary sector and particularly in public administration. On this subject, it
needs to be pointed out that, since 3 April, the state has ceased to be a boss
who monopolizes everything to become a partner in loyal competition with the
private sector. That means that we are going to move ahead to a general ad-
ministrative reform and renounce the maintaining of companies which are not
profitable and often even show a deficit, in order to promote public firms,
both mixed and private, of various sizes but characterized by economic effi-
ciency.

It is my duty to tell you that the problems are so complex and diverse that
a single working session is not sufficient to go over them in detail.

We will certainly meet again for further explanations.

9895
CSO: 3419/645

15



SOUTH AFRICA

CLOSE FINISH PREDICTED FOR NONWHITE ELECTIONS
NPP, Solidarity
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN-in English 30 May 84 p 9

[Article by Tim Clarke]

more representative than

the NPP, which at present In the last elections for

[Text] DURBAN. — Two

parties, the National
Peoples Party (NPP)

and Solidarity, seem ~

set to win the majority
of the 40 Indian seats
in the elections for the
tricameral parliament
in August.

The two parties are at
present hard at work can-
vassing and also obtaining
candidates for the elec-
tions, Between them they
could field as many as 80
candidates for . the, 40
seats.

Independents are likely
to contest about 20 seats
in the new parliament.

The NPP, led by Mr
Amichand Rajbansi, who
is also chairman of the ex-
ecutive of the South Afri-
can Indian _ Council
(SAIC), is confident at
this stage it will beat off a
strong challenge from
Solidarity.

Solidarity, which was
only formed earlier this
year, is led by Dr JN
Reddy, a prominent busi-

nessman and veteran poli-
tician. Dr Reddy, who is
also a former chairman of

the SAIC, quit politics
last year but was per-,
suaded to return to lead
the new party.

Solidarity claims it has
drawn people’ from all
walks of life and is far

holds the majority in the
SAIC.

There are two smaller
parties also taking part in
the elections — the Nat-
ional Democratic Party
and the National Federal
Party. But neither party is
expected to draw much
support away from the
two major parties.

An important factor in
the elections will be the
call by the Natal Indian
Congress (NIC) for voters
to boycott the elections
completely. The NIC. is
totally opposed to becom-
ing involved in any of.the
Governments new coniti-
tutional proposals and has
been working hard to en-
sure that Indians stay

away from the polls. ©

But according to politi-
cal observers here the “lie
factor” will play an im-
Portant part in the per-
centage poll. Supporters
of Solidarity and the NPP
claim that when canvass-
ers from the NIC visit in-
dividual homes the occu-
pants say that they will
boycott the elections. But
at the same time when
canvassers from the two
main parties call at the
same houses they- are
given the assurances that
the occupants will vote.

44

the SAIC the boycott tac-
tics resulted in only a 10
percent poll. But both the
NPP and Solidarity are
convinced that polling in
this election could be be-
tween 35 and 40 percent
of the Indian communtiy.

The SAIC is due to
wind up its affairs in July.

The Democratic Party
led by Mr J B Patel has
also urged its supporters
not to become involved in
the elections.

The’ Coloured com-
munity in Natal will only
have to vote in about five
seats and it is expected
that the Labour Party, led
by the Rev Alan Hen-
Grikse, will win all five
seats. Its opposition in the
province is small and the
party has also been hard
at work rallying its sup-

porters.

The NPP is confident of
holding the majority in
the new parliament but
although Solidarity is a
fairly new party it has
gained recognition and
support from many circles
in the province, including
the business community.
serantn Sa eo 2


SOUTH AFRICA

SIGNIFICANCE OF ROSETTENVILLE BY-ELECTION EXPLORED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 84 p 6
[Editorial: "Poll Test"]

[Text] THE Provincial by-election battle in the persons resigned their office and from Parlia-

Rosettenville, Johannesburg, constituency is
a test of strength in a conservative, mainly
English-speaking constituency.

Three parties are involved — the National
Party, Conservative Party and the New Re-
public Party.

All three candidates are English-speaking.

The Progressive Federal Party, which has its
following in the affluent north, has opted out‘
of contesting this seat in the not-so-affluent
south.

The NRP, in theory, should do reasonably
well. This was a United Party stronghold and
the NRP’s provincial leader, Mr Alex Ander-
son, polled more than 3 000 votes there in the
1981 election.

However, times have changed, and the NRP
gets weaker and more irrelevant by the day.

This does not mean that it is not making a lot
of noise.

Its carididate, Mr Ian Jayes, has put out a leaf-
let entitled “The Ministerial Scandals,” in
the form of a theatre programme in which
the National Party, ably supported by “the
Conservatives,” presented “‘an ongoing two-
party farce of intrigue, deception and cover-
ups in as many acts as you will let them get
away with.” .

The programme warns the audience to take
careful note of the performance — as “your
tickets have cost you a fortune” — and fea-
tures, among others, Apartheid Dreams,
The Information Scandal; Broederbond In-
trigue; The Van der Walt Affair and The
Fanie Botha Affair.

The leader of the NRP, Mr Vause Raw, has
apologised for the use of the names of former
Deputy Minister Hennie van der Walt and
former Manpower Minister Fanie Botha in
“an unfortunate context,” saying that “these

48

ment following an untested allegation in one
case and personal circumstances in the other.

“They are therefore unable to defend them-
selves.”

However, the party leadership in the Trans-
vaal has stood by the pamphlet, has denied
the row with Mr Vause Raw is indicative of a
looming split, and has claimed that the battle
should be left to the generals in the field.

As simple as that it is not. It is most unusual
for a national leader of a party to apologise
for anything a candidate or provincial organi-
sation does; it is also most unusual for a prov-
incial leadership to discard the objections of
its national leader.

The incident is confirmation of our oft-held
view that the NRP is a weak, ineffectual par-
ty that no longer has a role to play in the
politics of this country.

The CP has a former Nationalist, Mr Clive
Derby-Lewis, as its candidate.

He is standing for a Right-wing, essentially
Afrikaner Conservative Party in an English-
speaking constituency and the CP’s brand of
politics is unlikely to appeal to the majority
of the voters.

Events at the founding of the Afrika-
nervolkswag are also casting a shadow over
the CP, whose leader, Dr Treurnicht, took a
leading role in the proceedings.

The kind of call to the blood that came from
some speakers, as well as the Afrikaner
Weerstandsbeweging’s extremism, complete
with Swastika-like symbol and armed guard
for its leader, will not have made a favour-
able impression on the voters of Rosetten-
ville.


SOUTH AFRICA

HLH STEEL DIVISION EXPANSION PLANNED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 May 84 p 29

[Text] The steel division of Hunt Leuchars & Hepburn Holdings is expanding its
steel-processing operations by spending R12.5-million on establishing a steel
service centre at Queenstown in the Eastern Cape.

The new centre, which forms part of HLH's wholly-owned Wolhuter steel division,
is expected to be completed by mid-1985, and will have an annual capacity of
over 40,000 tons on a single shift.

The decision to go ahead at Queenstown follows the success of the Wolcut plants
at Vanderbijlpark and in Durban.

In February, 1983 HLH announced that it was investing R30-million in the
Vanderbijl operation, and in February the last of its four cut-to-length lines
was commissioned.

HLH steel division chief executive Rob Jeffrey said: "The success we've had at
Vanderbijl and Natal has encouraged us greatly, and in line with Wolcut's strategy
of creating a national cut-to-length operation we have identified the Eastern
Cape as a prime target.

"At present Wolcut Vanderbijlpark serves the industrialised PWV area and our
Durban line supplies products for the Natal-based motor and white goods industries.
Our customers at these two facilities have seen the benefits of the marked
efficiencies of throughput from these plants and the quality of service we can
offer them. In these times of high interest rates, they have also enjoyed the
benefits of dramatic stock rationalisation."

He added that the motor industry in the Eastern Cape represents 43 percent of
the national total, and HLH believes there is a great opportunity for sales of
precision-cut sheet steel blanks in the region, not only to motor manufacturers
but also to the white goods industry.

Mr Jeffrey noted that Queenstown has a developing infrastructure and is one of the
fastest-growing of all border area towns. The plant will be ideally placed to
supply customers situated in the area as well as in East London and Port Elizabeth,
while Decentralisation Board concessions are a further incentive to locate in the
area.

77
cso: 3400/1035



mechanisms aimed at complete compliance with the figures contained in the
goods circulation plan.

The provincial delegations of the MINCI were urged, by 31 May, to forward to
the appropriate ministry division the age census of all urban consumers with
a view to the start of the application of the new supply system that was
approved recently by the Party Central Committee Secretariat,

The meeting blamed the government of the Province of Northern Kwanza for
violating the higher guidelines issued on the sale of coffee and. noted that
this government agency must correct the financial irregularities deriving from
this failure.

According to the meeting's recommendations, ‘Luanda and Bengo are to submit a
draft proposal on sales in areas bordering on these two provinces to the
central agency by 31 May.

The central agency was given the job of getting together with the competent
agencies and reviewing the problems of prices charged by enterprises
involved in the sales process ‘in rural areas,

Still looking at sales in the rural areas, the Consultative Council noted that
the political-military situation prevailing in some provinces should not
constitute an absolute obstacle and urged the provincial supply commissions’ to
find the ways necessary to permit the accomplishment of this task,

The Consultative Council of the MINCI praised the provincial delegation of

Southern Kwanza for the determination displayed in carrying ott guidelines
from higher up.

5058
CSO: 3442/379

10



NEED FOR NEW FARMING STRATEGY VOICED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 May 84 p 16

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article in "Viewpoint" column by Fred Lloyd, managing director of FBC Holdings

(Pty), an agricultural chemical company]

{Text]

Despite the gloom and pessimism
in so many quarters dur-
ing the past three years over the

state of agriculture in South Africa,

the long-term future of the industry
appears to be sound.

There is no doubt that the drought
has had serious financial implica-
tions for the country and that in the
short term these difficulties will con-
tinue to plague the profitability of

in .

The crisis brought on by the
drought has highlighted the degree of
influence that the Government

‘exerts on the itability of agricul-
exert Profitability

The viability of farming is largely
controlled by the marketing policies
of the various control boards in
South Africa and in this field the

subject of protection needs to be
broached if the Government is to
overcome certain weaknesses in its
strategic planning for agriculture,
At the moment, this planning

“seems to be on an ad hoc basis that,

during times of crisis, gives rise to
anic measures such as those we
ive seen implemented to overcome
the effects of the drought. .

POPULATION GROWTH

The Government needs to adopt
long-term strategies which ‘will lead
to the financial independence of the
agricultural industry.

As a basis for planning the indus-
try’s financial recovery there is the
inevitable increase in the demand

for food due to population growth.

52

This demand should give the Gov-
ernment the opportunity to restore
Profitability to the industry through
well-planned price administration. _

In any policy designed to restore °
profitability to the farmer the Gov- .

ernment must be prepared to face
the consumer’s wrath by structuring
prices in such a way that the farmer
receives a fair return on investment.

Protection in the agricultural in-
dustry is totally justified by the Gov-
ernment because of strategic and se
curity considerations.

There is no doubt that protection
has a great influence on the profit-
ability of agriculture in general.

This influence is usually under-
stated because the profit add-on cost
of protection is normally ignored.

If agricultural products such as
fertilisers, machinery and certain
products in the agrochemical indus-
try are regarded as strategic, then
surely the users of these products
should be regarded in the same light.

To the cost of protectionism for
strategic reasons must be added the
high cost of capital in South Africa
(higher than in any other Western
country) and the high risk of climatic
disaster.

These factors present a strong
case for SA food prices to be higher


ESCOM Power Generating Decision Affects AMCOAL
(Brandan Ryan; RAND DAILY MAIL, 23 May 84)......ceecceeceee

Richards Bay Export Coal Dilemma Analyzed
(Brandan Ryan; RAND DAILY MAIL, 23 May 84).....cseecseeeeee

Rand To Develop New Coal Mines To Supply ESCOM
(Don Wilkinson; THE CITIZEN, 29 May 84).....ccecceceececees

Middleburg Steel Advances Planned
(MINING WEEK, 16 May 84) ..cecececccccecccncccecvecccceceees

HLH Steel Division Expansion Planned
(THE CITIZEN, 29 May 84). .cce cece cece ec ecerencserereescece

President Brand To Be World's Biggest Gold Plant
(MINING WEEK, 9 May 84)......cccccesceccucuccecencecs

Financing for Sasol 4 Proposed
(THE CITIZEN, 29 May 84).........c0eeee

Imports Threaten Cement Industry's Future
(Priscilla Whyte; RAND DAILY MAIL, 24 May 84)..

SA Must Learn Drought Lesson, Urges Volkskas
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 21 May 84) ..cccececccceccccccscenceece

Details on Groundwater Supply Given
(THE STAR, 19 May 84).....ccccceccevceccececs

Elimination of Hydrogen Sulphide Emissions Studied
(Simon Cashmore; INDUSTRIAL WEEK, 15 May 84)...

ZAIRE

Military Vigilance Urged During Election Campaign
(AZAP, 29 May 84). ..cccceeccccceeececceeeeeeeceenesceseenes

ZIMBABWE

CIO Officers Warned To Respect Rights of Detainees
(THE HERALD, 11 May 9

Nhongo Says Army Action Has Reduced Dissident Menace
(THE HERALD, 12 May 84).......ccecccccaecccceeeuccceeeseces

Families Squatting on Shurugwi Farm Will Not Be Evicted
(Ndaba Nyoni; THE HERALD, 18 May 84)....cccsecsscecceceeces

Reserve Bank Defends Assets Freeze
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 10 May BA) cece cece cece eee ceeseeeneeeces

-d-

71

73

75

76

77

78

81

82

83

84

86

87

88

90

91

93



CLOSURE OF SMALL COAL MINES REPORTED

Johannesburg INDUSTRIAL WEEK in English 15 May 84 p 1

[Article by Lynn Carlisle]

[Text]

COAL exports worth US $33-thillion from nine small

mines have been lost to com;
mines closed down, due to the,

an effective 28% since April last year.

An Industrial Week
Investigation reveals
that the small mines —
members of the Small
Coal Owners’ Associa-
tion (SCOA) — in the
Ermelo, Carolina, Bel-
fast and Breyten
districts previously ex-
ported from 60000 to
70.000 tons a month,
mainly through Mapu-
to, and Durban to a
lesser extent, and now
export consignments
of only 25000 tons a
few times a year.

It Is claimed that the
railage to Maputo (R17 a
ton) and harbour charges
(R4-a ton) total twice the
pit-face production costs.
This has priced them out
of the market, losing ex-
Ports to Australian, US
and UK competitors. Ship-
ping 5000 km costs only
R12 a ton.

Extra losses

In addition to the loss
of $33-million ‘(about
R40-m) for SA’s export-
deficient economy other
losses include:

@ R15-miltion in coal rail
tariffs — although this
may well have been
counteracted with in-
creased railage paid by
other exporters.

@ R15-million in smalt
coal company profits.

@ An unquantifiable sum
in purchases by coal
mines from service com-
panies.

@ R400 000 in company
tax.

@ R300 000 in GST.

@ The loss of hundreds
of jobs in the districts
concerned.

“in making the decision
‘to raise tariffs by 16% tast
year. and, 19%»: recently,
the Minist?y of Transport
has not considered all the
aspects which influencé
coal on the export
market,” says one small
coal producer.

He says SCOA
members were exporting
successfully from
Maputo, and to a lesser
extent out of Durban, but
their costs fob both ports
are no longer competitive
— even now that orders
are increasing as over-
seas coal stockpiles run
low.

69

titors, while seven of the
ts rail tariffincreases of

“We asked Sats for all
sorts of contracts and
assistance but received
no reaction whatever from
them. Now only one,
possibly two, of the small
exporting mines are still
operating,” he says.

Seeking special rail
tariffs is not the issue as
all exporters are in the
same boat, although the
big coal producers using
Richards Bay have the
volume and resources to
fare better, he says.

‘The spokesman admits,
however, that Richards
Bay is starting to accom-
modate the smaller ships
traditionally used’ by
‘SCOA members, and that
Sats has also introduced
‘an effective 7% discount
on coal rallage tariffs.

“This is not enough to
help us now. We could be
exporting 1-million tons
‘out of Maputo if tariffs
were not 80 high. Maputo
harbour moves in sym-
pathy with Sats and rais-
ed its rates by the same
percentage.”

SOUTH AFRICA



some of the people in that organisa-
tion have had links with the ANC in
the past. That is viewed as a soft-
ening exercise so that such organisa-
tions can be banned.

What Mr Botha must know is that
tio matter how much he indulges in
diplomatic forays, he must: still
squarely address the problems inter-
nally. Unless this is done, all his ef-
forts to win sympathy and friend-
ship overseas will be worthless.

CSO: 3400/1035

24



SA, ZIMBABWE STEEL PRICING TALKS SET

Johannesburg INDUSTRIAL WEEK in English 15 May 84 p'3

[Article by Lynn Carlisle]

[Text]

BESET by fierce in-
fighting, steel wire’
manufacturers from
Zimbabwe and South
Africa, along with
domestic convertors,
will attempt to thrash.
out. their differences
over pricing at Iscor
headquarters on May

The outcome of the
“trilateral” Pretoria
meeting could also affect.
@ Board of Trade and In-
dustries decision arising
out of a recent duty in-

crease application by the ©

‘SA Rolled Steel Producers
Co-ordinating Council
which is being hotly con-
tested by’ some conver-
tors.

This decision could
also signa! an end to the
dumping of certain im-
ported steel and bring
other imported steel pro-
duct prices in line with
domestic charges as local
steel producers hang on
grimly to maintain market
share in a protracted
worldwide steel slump.

Smaiier convertors —
many rely heavily on im-
ported raw materials (ie,
hard drawn wire rod) from

Zimbabwe's ailing Lan-
Gashire Steel, which ex-
ports R5-million worth of
raw materials to SA’s
domestic market worth
around R400-million —
say they face certain shut-
down if’ they lose this
source of supply.

“This is because our
larger competitors enjoy
preferential pricing —
depending on who you are
— significantly below the
local market related
prices," says Robin
Bosomworth, a director of
the convertor Robco in
Cape Town.

._ “It is nonsense to claim
that LS's prices are below
those of Iscor, they are
market-related. LS sells
through nominated im-
porters, which annoys
Haggie Rand and Iscor.”

He says Iscor-Haggie
declined to talk pricing
and distribution with LS’s
nominated importers
when this request was
made.

“Talk about LS selling
locally for about R100 a
ton less than Iscor is
totally incorrect.”

Nols Olivier, tscor's
senior general manger
(steel), refutes the allega-
tions by the small conver-
tors. “Iscor is not a
catalyst in the mounting
price war in raw materials.
and steel products, he
says.

67

Set prices

“While Iscor has a set
price for its 75% total
share on the SA market
for steel profile and flat
products — of which 27%
of that amount is sold
through seven large and
12 small merchants —
there are reasonable dis-
counts for big orders and
a ‘penalty’ for the tiny
orders,” Olivier adds.

“We don't mind
whether Lancashire Steel
continues to export to
their normal customers
here, but they must jack
up their prices,” says
Olivier.

Export market

LS exports 1 000 tons a
month of. wire rod and
wire, at prices around
R100 a ton below the
domestic price of SA sup-
Pliers.

Olivier says iscor has
not over-priced its steel
wire rod.

Iscor sells locally for
R513 a ton. The USA’s
domestic price is R628 a
ton, Australia’s R512, the
UK’s Government-sub-
Sidised price is R390 and
the EEC-subsidised price
is R281.

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT'S ROAD TOLL SCHEME PANNED
Johannesburg INDUSTRIAL WEEK in English 8 May 84 pp 1, 9
[Article by Lynn Carlisle]

[Text] The headlong rush by Government to introduce "money spinning" road tolls
looks all set to jack-knife.

Leading transport spokesmen are convinced that the road toll plazas--the first
will be introduced on June 8-~are a last-gasp effort to raise road development
funds, which have dropped critically low.

They say the toll system is unworkable and will add to traffic congestion prob-
lems in areas where they might be introduced.

Government has admitted it has not seriously considered all the alternatives--
and there are several promising ones--while Transport Minister Hendrik Schoeman
told Parliament last week he has reservations about introducing them now.

Roads are not getting their dues, it seems, as Treasury reaps R2,600-million
annually from fuel levies and license fees, for half is allocated to housing
schemes, transport subsidies and other votes with the balance returned to the
road programmes.

Inequities

Fred Roux, chief executive of the Transvaal Chamber of Industries, sees the
planning of road tolls, the inequities in the licensing of vehicles and the poor
allocations of funds for roads as an indictment of poor government administra-
tion.

"How can they attempt to raise funds from the capital market through tolls in
isolation of Government's traditional fund raising policy. As we must pay to
maintain and upgrade our ailing road programme, why not introduce another 5c a
litre fuel levy, increasing every four months or so to generate funds for
development?"

Operating costs of toll plazas average 40 percent of takings overseas, and it
takes 15 years to recover the cost of toll plazas provided 50,000 vehicles a
day pass through. SA's first toll will be introduced on June 8 along the
Cape's Tsitsikama route, where only 1,000 vehicles pass daily.

60


SOUTH AFRICAN DAILY ON MNR BANDITS' CAMPAIGN OF VIOLENCE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 16 May 84 p 11

[Article by Brendan Nicholson]

[Text]

TETE — They walked into Pa-
cassa village in the middle of
the day, heavily armed and ar-
rogant — at least 90 Mozam-
bican “bandidos” firing random
bursts of gunfire as though they
had ammunition to waste.

Then they looted the homes
of the little food the hungry

its had managed to save
in the drought and raped two
teachers.

Apparently unconcerned that
the village was on a main road
only 37 km from the well-garri-
soned city of Tete, the gunmen

made themselves comfortable °

for several hours.

Then they gave the villagers
pamphlets promising to free
them from “Frelimo oppress-
ion”, set fire to their huts and
slipped away into the bush.

When I arrived the next day
with a party of officials from

* the Department of Natural Ca-

Jamities and a strong escort of
government soldiers, the vil-
lage was still smouldering.

Domingos Albino Botilha, a
village teacher, explained that
the “bandidos — armadas”
(armed bandits) had arrived at
the village as an army vehicle
drove past it.

After a 15-minute shootout
the truck drove off and some
of the soldiers were left behind.
They dropped their guns and
ran into the bush.

Just one more day in the
misery of Mozambique, one
more drought-stricken village

17

burned by gunmen who call
themselves freedom fighters
but who do not appear to have
any sort of political pro-
gramme or desire to win local
support.

DIED OF WOUNDS

Occasionally the villagers re-
ferred to the bandits as the
“Matsangas” — after former
MNR commander Andre Mat-
sangaisa, who was badly
wounded in a Frelimo offensive
near Gorongoza several years
ago, was flown to what was
then Salisbury in a Rhodesian
Air Force helicopter and died
there of his wounds.

The average Mozambican
believes, and so, say diplomats,
do most Western governments,
that the MNR was created by
Rhodesia’s ° intelligence ser-
vices and then taken over by
Pretoria after Zimbabwe's in-
dependence. South Africa has
consistently denied reports that’
it had links with the MNR.

Now Mozambicans _ have,
been told by President Samora
Machel that, at Nkomati, South
Africa agreed to stop support-

- “ing the bandits. The more priv-

ileged among them have heard
that South African helicopters
will be coming soon to help
track the gunmen down.

They are not the only ones
likely to be confused.

_ “What happens,” asked a for-
eign worker based in Maputo,
“when South African service-
men, fighting on Frelimo’s side,

MOZAMBIQUE



GOVERNMENT CRACKDOWN ON AZAPO QUESTIONED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 24 May 84 p 6

[Editorial]
[Text]

THE NATIONWIDE crackdown

has stirred a lot of controversial
speculation about the cause be-
hind the swoop.
"_ The police said this was a rou-
tine check. It is perhaps difficult
to understand why a so-called
routine check would take such
enormous proportions. The re-
sult is that most people have been
put ong guard. This is apart from
le-range speculations
that have taken root in and out-
side the townships.

There is speculation from
pretty well informed sources, or
rather the kind of source that
seems to interpret such events
correctly, that the raid had
something to do with the last Na-
tional Forum conference in Piet-
ermaritzburg. It was here, it

is believed, that the seeds for this -

kind of attention on Azapo were
planted.

Some observers believe mem-
bers of the Black Consciousness
movement went rather over-
board discussing socialism and in
particular scientific socialism.
"We all know what the stock reac-
tion to such acadmic exercises
would be from the Government.

We had in fact hoped that the
Government was moving away
from its old-fashioned, ox-wag-
gon thinking, particularly that

which saw a Red under every”

bed. It seems, however, the spec-
ulation about the conference is
correct, that old habits die hard.
There are naturally other
theories. There are those who be-
lieve the Government may be
paiga Ceci ene ponies tl
cameral parliamentary elections
for coloureds and Indians. This
is quite likely speculation as the

State media have been going out.

of their way to give the elections
positive airing.

Finally there are those who
think the school situation and the
commemoration of the June 16
services might have ‘caused the
authorities to take precautionary
methods against organisations
like Azapo.

Whatever the cause of the
raids, we believe they were ill-
timed and ill-conceived. What
may have been conceived as a
preventative measure is only
going to intensify physically and
otherwise whatever moves Azapo
might have contemplated.

34

SOUTH AFRICA



PRETORIA ECONOMISTS REPORT ON IMPACT OF MONOPOLIES

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 13 May 84 p 1

[Article by Alec Hogg]

[Text ]

cso:

A TEAM of Pretoria University economists has shot down widely publi-

cised rey
South

Its exhaustive research
concluded that South Africa’

1 bi
have

I.
But the one point which a

worried the investigators
was that the conglomerates
‘are more concerned with

eer tator whic cou hed

serious implications for so-
cial stability.

True power

The study, the 84th in the
Mereabank sponsored Focus

“Listed companies outside

3400/1035

that six companies dominate an increasi
ican economy.

the empires control 4% to
5%, the rest of the pri-
vate sector holds sway over

'S 325% — double that of the

big conglomerates.
“There is no statistical evi-
dence that concentration has
increases. Even

har been mergers an take
ve and take-
overs there is no evidence.”

Opposite
In some cases fhe Opposite

has . report
says: “Sub-sectors with rela-
tively low gagentzation
(high compet ), sue as
shoes and leather ducts,
often experien while ge
ition industries, uch
comy ion lust suc!
as ‘bed and tobacco, often
showed small price increases
relative to the average.”

The study also points out
the significance which im-
ports have on prices — a fac-

which many other analy-
ses have .

“Although the degree of
concentration among domes-
tic manufacturers was in-
variably high, the supply of
imports from abroad diluted
this concentration consider-
ably in some cases.” +

‘This is particularly evident

54

luctivit
Billed worker:

ingly monopolistic

in the case of electrical (40%
of which is im and
non-electrical machiner:

(60%), motor vehicles (48%

ment (56%). exntp-
por are pte gut
area

possible loita

power locs and their valee
this context should not be

underestimated.”

The only area where criti-

sie ce
was on the em; ent
front. oye

tore business tends to go
yr the ca -i
tions in the hag oe

cord on empl
nearly as as it is on
capital investment.

Unskilled

“So far this concen-
trated type of 1 over

production Processes has not
id much of an effect, but we
are now into a new ballgame

on of bar ie popula”

tion ‘of urban blacks
be employed,

“There is a great need now
to look at the advantages of
sean iaae
as an em -
tioned to gat the rmazitnun

out of the un-

SOUTH AFRICA



The administrator general gave statistics in this connection: 1,008 Ovambo
citizens have been killed, 974 wounded, and 1,847 abducted.

If SWAPO ceased its acts of terror tomorrow, it would not be necessary for
the security forces to protect the local inhabitants.

If SWAPO does not stop its acts of terror, the administrator general warned
that it must know that the security forces will do everything in their power
to confront them.

They will do it with goodwill, Dr van Niekerk said.

In reply to a question on whether the Damara Council, the Namibian Independence
Party, the Namibia Christian Democratic Party, and individuals such as Anton
Lubowski and Chairman Fredericks of the Evangelical Lutheran Church attended
the conference on their own or as part of any of the participating delegations,
Dr van Nierkerk said: The people and groups that you have named attended under
the SWAPO banner.

cso: 3401/49

20



ZAIRE

MILITARY VIGILANCE URGED DURING ELECTION CAMPAIGN
4B291000 Kinshasa AZAP in French 0755 GMT 29 May 84
[AZAP commentary: "Vigilance and Loyalty"]

[Text] Kinshasa, 29 May (AZAP)--What should be the Zairian soldier's contri-
bution to the success of the July presidential election? Twice last week,

the military authorities directly or indirectly asked themselves this question.
The first time was at the seminar organized by the general staff for the com-
manders of the major military units; the second was during the third annual
méeting of political instructors.

We need not stress that these two meetings took place immediately after the
party's second extraordinary congress, and shortly before the great political
event, represented by the forthcoming presidential election.

During their meeting, Zairian Armed Forces political instructors looked for
ways and means of making it possible for the soldiers to take an effective
part in the election campaign. By creating the corps of political instructors
9 years ago, the leader Mobutu wanted to place at the disposal of the Zairian
soldier an organ that will enable him to participate in the national debate
for the construction of the country, thus doing away with the old custom

that made the soldier a separate social category within the community.

In this connection, the meeting of political instructors enabled the partici-
pants to determine the situation of setting up party and youth committees
within the military units to ensure adequate ideological training. The seminar
of the commanders of the major military units had more or less the same purpose.
In fact, apart from the strategic and defense problems that formed the main
points on the agenda of the military leaders, attention was given to the ways
and means of ensuring the peace and security of the citizens especially during
this great political year.

Both meetings reached the same conclusion: revolutionary vigilance is indis-
pensable. By reaching this conclusion, the political instructors and the com-
manders of the major military units responded to the call made by the founding
chairman [President Mobutu] at the opening session of the recent party congress-+-
he called for national cohesion, for the security of all and for vigilance
against all forces of division.

But for the Zairian soldiers, vigilance also means loyalty to Marshal Mobutu--
who is the embodiment of the unity and continued existence of the nation-~
and respect for oath which makes them the guarantors of the national insti-~
tutions.

CSO: 3419/659 87



SOLIDARITY OF DISCIPLINED BLACK UNIVERSITY STUDENTS REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 May 84 p 6

{Text ] CAPE TOWN. —Two

cso:

hundred and seventeen
Black University of
Cape Town students
who had to attend a
disciplinary hearing on
campus yesterday for
allegedly disobeying
instructions from the
/ ancellor, Dr
art Saunders, re-
‘Sed to be heard indi-
tdually ‘and  “‘de-
ananded that the whole
Black student mass be
heard as one.”

The students have been
campaigning for “ad-
equate accommodation
and transport” and faced

squatting in tents near the
Jameson Hall.

Originally 11 students
were summoned, but last
week about 400 students
staged a sit-in at the ad-
ministration building in
protest against the “vic-
timisation” of the 11.

Problems

Dr Saunders said in an
interview that the univer-
sity was conscious of the

which all stu-

dents had with residential

accommodation and re-

- alised that the provisions

of the Group Areas” Act

aggravated the position
for Black students.

3400/1035

The university adminis-
tration was: actively in-
volved in getting suitable
accommodation for all
students, and as far as the
claims on inadequate
transport was concerned,
a special bus service had
been started on an experi-
mental basis.

Dr Saunders issued the
following statement yes-

terday:

“A total of 217 students
who, it was alleged, had
disobeyed _ instructions
from the Vice-Chancellor
were asked to appear at a
disciplinary hearing for
each student to answer
charges against him or her
individually. This hearing
was to take place at 1.30
pm today.

“About 500 students
arrived for the discipli-
nary hearing, and a
spokesman for the stu-
dents who were present
stated that the “student
body” had resolved that
they were not prepared to
be heard individually.”

He read a statement
and demanded that the
whole Black student mass
be heard as one. Profes-
sor A D Carr, the Deputy
Vice-Chancellor, who
was conducting the hear-
ing, informed the stu-
dents that he was only
prepared to conduct the
hearing on an individual
basis. A spokesman for
the students repeated his
demand that all the stu-
dents be “tried”.

Professor Carr told the
students that he ‘could

41

only conduct a fair hear-
ing by hearing each stu-
dent who had been

individually, and
that he would ask each
student who had been
charged to plead to the

“It became clear that it

proceed with the hearing.

The Deputy Vice-Chan-
cellor, Professor Carr,
then made the following
statement to every stu-
dent present:

“I say to all the stu-
dents involved in the re-
cent protests that if, dur-
ing the remainder of this,
or during the next aca-
demic year, any of you is
in breach of Rule 8 for
students, i.e. if you break
that rule in the future dur-
ing that time, you may be
fined and will be sus-
pended from the universi-
ty pending further disci-
plinary action. We have a
list of 217 students alleg-
edly so involved and
those are the people who
were to be here today.

“Anyone who wishes to
have his or her name re-
moved from the list must
write in the strictest confi-
dence to the Vice-Chan-
cellor, DrSJ Saunders.

“With this statement
the matter is now closed.”
—Sapa.

SOUTH AFRICA



IMPORTS THREATEN CEMENT INDUSTRY'S FUTURE

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 24 May 84 p 15

[Article by Priscilla Whyte]

[Text ]

cso:

IMPORTS are threatening the future of
the cement industry and a committee has
been formed to advise on import policy.

‘This was announced by Mr D R Baker, chairman
of Natal Portland Cement at the official
opening of Natal’s first clinker , Simuma,
near Port Shepstone this week.

Mr Baker says the industry can handle the import
problem, but not without long-term effects on

Of the Risém it on the Simuma plant, exclud-
ing the railway line, R40m was due to escalation
durin construe tion. GST amounted to about Rém at

rate.

Mr Baker believes the Government would receive
150m on the estimated R1,5bn value of the plant.
Inflation is another problem for the capital-inten-
sive cement industry, ;
If GST were added to the capital cost of the plant,
“and if we were earning 10% on the investment, we
would hope to increase the price of cement to bring
in an additional Ri5m in revenue — a very bad thing
from a competitive point of view”, Mr
Mr Dennis Rowe, director of NPC, says
the Simuma plant came on stream late last year
with an annual capacity of about 500 000 tons.

3400/1035

82

It was designed for a second kiln to be
commissioned in the next three to five years but an
international cement surplus has cast doubts on this

Projection.
le adds that the industry has low margins and

. Profitability is volume-related.

The SA market consumes 8-million tons of cement
a year, but overall demand is believed to be down

on last year.

The bulk cement price on the Reef is R70 a ton
compared to R90 in Durban.

Simuna, 140km from Durban, means that Natal
will no longer have to rely on supplies from Lichten-
burg, in the Western Transv:

Clinker is the ipal ingredient of cement
(80%-90% ‘by t).

The Simuma project included a R30m railway
Sean ts, coast fo Simuma for the supply of
certain raw materials and to transport cli to
Durban, where it is milled into cement.

The Project was a joint venture backed by the
entire African cement industry — Al-

a, associated with the Swiss Group, Holderbank

‘iere Glaris, Cape Lime, a member of Feder-
ale Volksbeleggings, Pretoria Portland Cement, a
Barlow Rand company, and Blue Circle.
Standard Bank put the package together.


PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYMENT INCREASE REPORTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES BUSINESS TIMES in English 13 May 84 p 38

[Article by Angus Macmillan]

[Text] THE Prime Minister

cso:

should not be
that public-service
ranks have swollen by
Years ~ in'sphe of his
ledge to ‘Tationalise
ucracy.
the Commission
a
Ez: between 1978 and

Pretoria enormous
Dill gn bebalf of thousands of
finlated prope
tar cae
erty prices.

Laughing

publisserbice bas dlirea he

grate rents packages
ie ee Oe

He subsidies were in-
troduced in the 1960s to sup-
plement salaries.

ytd public servants are
iuhng a ey ayes

take home market-related
pay packets.

‘The commission — person-
nel watchdog of the public
service — confirms that it

has received more job in-

quiries than usual in its No-
vember to March recruiting.

3400/1035

But teachers have yet to be
lifted out of the pay doldrums.
researchers

Researchers, including
eet sualitied scientists

the Council for
search and the Bureau of
Standards, do pot have the the
them them are. ins) claliged

cannot
easily be with the
private sector.

Technicians

59

national accelerator at

ure Cape would
have been possible without
the services of underpaid sci-

Technicians with matricu-
pationl diploma "staat
nat a
R14 300 and can reach
R26 000 a year.



SA MUST LEARN DROUGHT LESSON, URGES VOLKSKAS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 21 May 84 p 16

[Text] SOUTH AFRICA’s economic de-

cso:

centralisation plans need funda-
mental reconsideration to take
account of a continuing critical
water situation.

‘This is the view of the May Economic
Spotlight from Volkskas,

The bank says various lessons must
be learnt from the drou,
Ate ei fn

icans
ity water is for the economy.

“Water shortages and rationing have
come to stay.

“The policy with to the loca-
wi Schl

ve Teal pt

“We will have to make sure that wa-
ter is available and ascertain its cost.

“The it has reconfirmed for
both the Government and the consumer
the strategic importance of agriculture

for the economy as well as its its

vulnerabilility.”
Volkskas says agriculture also has
Farming opeations mist be vers-
‘ations mus'
Seta to Teduece risks risks associated with

hd More efficient use of water will “have
e a matter of the highest prior-
ity for our irrigation farmers”.

ta enincrenngy set toa ae
cost e2ze, witl the resull that the
fer at np Fa ra ot as
not ce e ver
farmin, he

tions.

“Net income declined from
48,6% of grees in 1975 to 16,6%
the same 4, input
costs rose from 32,8% to of gross
income, while interest cost 3 increased
Income, wile tnteestcosis Increased

“Thus, farmers have found it increas-
ingly difficult to finance inputs

healthy situation, given the total invest-

3400/1035

83

ment of R36,8bn.
“The sloworer = fom of the debts has

manly short terta

term loans are which is
oe oe ers ex
by farmers. ratio of
short-term credit to income
deteriorated from 0,39 in 1974 to 0,82 in
1981 and 2,90 in 1983.
tio Be, Worgening 0 the peo elas ae, Pos
drought rng pal fo ast fow years have

th eo-operae
fives to Tie sharply 9 'more than
Rybn.”

‘The Land Bank had been financing

farmers to an ever extent by
way of cash credit loans co-
operatives. Thus the tives were

becoming more involved in the credit
supply, function, and more associated
with the risks of that role.

“Since the agricultural sector has
been financed by the Land Bank at mar-
ket-related interest rates and the rates

of other financial institutions have ‘been
rising , farmers’
have increased substantially. ese
rises in costs have coincided
with a marked decline in the
tural cycle,” says Volkskas.
The shown that the con-
of the purchase of eapltal equlpmeat
e cay
should be reconsider
tives would have to:
strat to include more -

Because of financial pressures

brought to bear on them by the drought,
sl et would have 0 revise reg-

their policy of ding forward
polley of

dependence on the
ty of a jeutture had been ex.
prosperity of ai erica

Peosived no Government ‘ansstance of
any kind.

SOUTH AFRICA



actionary politics are militant by definition.

Because extreme right-wingers believe fanatically in the truth of
their cause, their ideology becomes not just a rel ion but a commit-
ment through which even militant acts are justified.

In this respect there is no difference between right-wing reaction-
aries and left-wing radicals, .

-. That the Volkswag has nothing to do with culture and everything to
do with Politics is apparent from the pamphlet which adver-
tised last Saturday’s gathering. The word culture appears only three
times and in a warped form.

; What we read instead are “sacrifices which are made for freedom
dnd the right to exist”, the “right to self-determination”, “resistance
struggle”, “a white fatherland”, “forming the laager”,
“awareness of the ikaner e's white, Christian past”, etc.
! What all this is really about is quite simple: the Volkswagters
@annot accept the democratic result of the referendum.

ed are still clinging

 @On the one side, the
Verwoerdian concept of
autonomous Jands for
South Africa’s different
national and racial grou
— an idea which they want
to execute at all costs.
~"@ On the other hand, they
from the assump-

that the maintenance
of culture can take place
‘only when a cultural com-
munity also controls politi-
-eal power.

The homeland must also
be a cultural homeland, en-
and made safe

through litical domina.
tion. ifs why the inte-

ition bogey was used. to
Fighten people into the
Tortoise Hall.

It must be accepted that
there are many People in
South Africa — English and
Afrikaans speaking — who

have a it fear of politi-
cal integration within unl
tary state.

This fear apparently
Tuns deeper than one would
think, and this means that
the Volkswagters probably
do have a certain appeal.

+ The reason for this is that

they can spell out in precise
terns what they have in
mind for South Africa —
however impracticable
those ideals may be.

Retormists have the dis-
advantage that reform

must be an open-ended
cess. One cannot specify in
advance precisely how ev-
erything will develop.
{s umavoldable,especa
unavoidable, -
giaranorss
reform process.

In this cohtext — and to
combat exploitation by the
Volkswag — it will be ne-
cessary £0 formulate clear

i on the socio-poli-

ical rights of the urban
blacks.

What the founding of the
Vol emphasises is that
the political schism of a
few years ago is final and
irrevocable — and with it
the myth of political unity
ability of a it

restoring
unity has been finally liqui-
dated, y

Afrikaners in particular
{and English speakers in
general) will now have to
coe ee caolees without
com le can no
longer sit on the fence try-
ing to placate both sides.

28

Those who ho that
they could yy stroke
the reactionaries back into,
for example, the NP cam]
will have accept that it
not worth the effort.

For the political schism
of a few years ago has now
acquired a new dimension

—a split in the los-
ophy ‘of life smo A

kaners.

On the one side there are
those arte declogy of eet
uy e i of apart-
held and who are prisoners
of the past.

On the other side are
those who, slowly but sure-
ly, are themselves

from this ideology and are
seeking the future of South
Africa in alliances and as-
sociations with other popu-
lation groups. -

Tie founding of the Volks-
wag underlines this shift.

The reasons why its
founders felt compelled
create the Volkswag are

also illuminating. One can
seduce that {hey did not
e existing Afrikaner
institutions suitable for the
execution of their ideology.
The political schism is
thus also having an effect
on the organisational level
of Afrikanerdom, especial-
ly because the Volkwagters
Jost the battle on the broad
organisational front.

The future will show

Mhether waene le wil
al e
Portals of the Afrikaans
churches. This possibility
cannot be ruled out — how-
ever regrettable it will be.

The most meaningful as-
of the founding of the
folkswag is that it has pro-
vided irrefutable evidence
that South Africa is exper-
iencing a process of reform.
Rightwing reactionaries



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

KWANZA-NORTE FUEL MARKETING FIGURES--N'Dalatando, -The provincial subdelegation
of SONANGOL [National Fuels Company] for Northern Kwanza during the first half
of this year sold 870 tons and 600 kilograms of fuels (gasoline, gas-oil, gas
and oil) and 8,400 liters of lubricants, earning 9,444,298 kuanzas, as its
manager Domingos Antonio Borges reported to ANGOP [ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY],

The official stated that a large portion of the fuel was consumed by the
enterprises, agricultural units, and other organizations in the province. The
supply of fuel to the rural areas is handled by private outfits because SONANGOL
does not have enough transportation equipment of its own, Antonio Borges
reported. To keep the province's population supplied with a normal flow of
petroleum, the fuel distribution company established distribution agencies in
various townships; this improved the supply of this product to the population.
Domingos Borges felt that prospects are good for the start of fuel sales
activities during this year, if there are no conditions that might interfere
with normal supply shipments since SONANGOL has a fully operational fuel
receiving sector in the province. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese
13 May 84 p 5] 5058

STUDENTS IN PORTUGAL PRAISE PARTY—Students who are scholarship recipients of
the People's Republic of Angola in Portugal on Sunday, in Lisbon, praised the
clear~ sighted way inwhich the leadership of the MPLA-Labor Party led the nation;
they did so at the end of their second general meeting. The students in
particular restated their support for the President of the MPLA-Labor Party
and of the People's Republic of Angola Jose Eduardo dos Santos as he carries
out the tasks entrusted to him by the Angolan people. Meeting on 12 and 13
May, the scholarship students declared that they were wholly committed to the
accomplishment of their study tasks and that they looked forward to finishing
their courses in order to be able to make a contribution to the national
reconstruction efforts in Angola. During its two days of activities, the
second general meeting of scholarship students in Portugal analyzed questions
having to do with the condition of the organization, social questions connected
with scholarship students, relations between the union of Angolan students and
the local students, as well as culture, sports, and scholastic advancement.

The meeting also elected its leadership bodies and approved the activity report
for the year that has just ended, There are 75 Angolan scholarship students

4



SELECTION OF LABOR PARTY CANDIDATES SCHEDULED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 May 84 p 15

[Text]

in Kimberley early
next month to select 80
candidates to contest
the House of Rep-
resentatives election.
Mr Leslie Abrahams,
the party’s head of public-
ity said the party lead-
ership and more than 200

potential candidates
would meet in Kimberley
onJune9.

The candidates will at-
tend a working seminar
‘on aspects related to the
pending election. .

The names of the 80
selected candidates would
be announced at the semi-
nar, Mr Abrahams said.

The next day the party
holds a meeting that will
be addressed by the party
leader, the Reverend Al-
Jan Hendrickse, and other
top party officials.

The Labour Party has
told candidates they
would have to fund their
own election campaigns.

The . move follows
Speculation that the par-
ty’s coffers were over-
flowing from funds re-
ceived from Afrikaner-
backed firms and organi-
sations. ‘

CSO: . 3400/1035

43

“This claim has been
discounted by the party.
Money received by the

from

SOUTH AFRICA



Kaunda believed he could resolve
these differences too, but it was tak-
+ ing time and Swapo’s suspicions were
increasing all the while. Swapo as-
sumed that the two white parties
were acting as agents of the South
African Government which wanted
the declaration blocked. There could
be no tacitly agreed deal in the backs
ground, they concluded. It was all a
tricl

Adding to these suspicions was the
fact that South Africa had been ban‘
dying about the idea of an interim
government of national unity, includ-
ing Swapo, to run Namibia until inde,

ndence, t

The idea is anathema to Swapo,
which sees it as a deadly plot to
draw it into participating in an un-
popular colonial regime which would
destroy its popular appeal as a libera?
tion movement that has been fighting
a long war of independence. t

The idea was first put to Swapo,
when a South African delegation
headed ‘by the chief of Military In-
telligence, Gen Pieter van der Westh-
uizen, met secretly with Mr Sam Nu“
joma and two other Swapo leaders in
Lusaka on January 29. Swapo said no.

It was referred to again, oblique
ly, in Mr Pik Botha’s May 7 state:
ment. And as the Lusaka conference
entered its final, weary stage, ru-
mours began circulating that the
MPC had brought with it a secret
document dealing with the formation
of an interim government of national

ity.

About this time, according to
sources close to the conference, So-
viet diplomats in Lusaka made con-
tact with the Swapo leadership. What
passed between them is anybody’s
guess, but given the high reading on
the suspicion meter at that stage it
would not have been difficult to per-
suade the Swapo leaders that they
were being lured into a trap. Nujoma
told Kaunda he had had enough and
he ended the conference with a bitter

speech.

In itself the conference was a fail-
ure, but the elements of the deal it
was called to conclude are still there,
still capable of being clinched.

cso: 3400/1035



- Ideologies

Other recommenda-
tions of the Strydom
Committee have created
the expectation that a
significant amount of
desegregation of central
urban or general facili-
ties like cinemas,
beaches and restaurants
is likely to occur in the
near future.

Although apparently
contradictory, these
contrasts present a fair-
ly clear and continuing
pattern: substantial
positive initiative in the
international sub-region
irrespective of the races
or ideologies involved, a
growing openness to
non-racial arrange-
ments in the economic,

industrial and commer-
cial spheres, but a con-
tinuing ‘and unyielding
insistence on the sepa-
ration of residential
communities and their
most immediate facili-
ties.

The South African
government’s actions,
like those of any other
government, have to be
understood in terms of
fairly basic elements in
decision making. Of
most importance are un-
derlying goals or
charters, and resources,
opportunities, costs and
pressures.

Stripped of rhetoric
and relationizations, the
policy charter of the’
present South African
government can be seen
to rest on three basic
elements:

1) The protection of
white and Afrikaner in-
terests and security in
perpetuity.

2) The organization of
political life in terms of
ethnic group relations
and the principle that
“good fences make good
neighbours”. The South
African government has
long held the view that
ethnic political auton-
omy is a precondition of
good government. This
is the “pluralism” prin-
ciple which is adhered
to even when groups
cannot be geographical-
ly separated, as in the
new constitution, mak-
ing provision for sepa-
rate chambers of whites,
coloureds and Indians.

3) Pragmatism in deal-
ing with economic, so-
cial and strategic group
interdependence by
promoting close co-
operation and links be-
tween autonomous
groups, regions or
states. This is after all
an integral part of the
future which the govern-
ment’sees for the home-
lands in South Africa.
The basic idea of a
“constellation” or com-
monwealth of Southern
African states is long es-
tablished — it was first
proposed by Dr Ver-
woerd.

These three basic
goals explain most of
the policy initiatives by
the government. Taken
together they amount to
an organizing principle
which can be expressed
as follows: separate the
racial groups, define
their autonomy, thereby
reducing the whites’
moral, political and so-
cial obligations to other
groups, then co-operate
as “voluntary” partners
to solve common prob-
lems.

This principle does
not exclude a great deal
of economic interdepen-
dence. The “regions”
delineated in the gov-
ernment’s regional eco-
nomic development
planning cut across po-
litical and group bound-
aries. The principle can

even lead beyond “vo
luntary” co-operation o:
consultation to some de
gree of actual power
sharing, as long as the
group basis of the powei
which is shared is pre-
served, as in the new
constitution for whites,
coloureds and Indians.

Weak and strong

Within this principle
of group separation fol-
lowed by functional in-
tegration, a great- deal
may be negotiable. The
principle itself, howev-
er, appears to be totally
non-negotiable, almost

irrespective of the costs,

to any party.

37

The South African!
government is very,
strong in some aréas;
and very weak in others.
Areas of strength are!

its:

@Contro! over eco-
nomic resources

@ Technology and ex-

fpertise

@ Military strength.
This military muscle
has recently been used
to create or perhaps
even force a climate of
negotiation in Southern
Africa, particularly in
the case of Mozambique
and Angola. /

It has other potential
functions as well, how-
ever, since South Africa
can offer training and
weapons supplies and
could even act on behalf
of neighbouring govern-
ments in the military
field if they were threat-
ened. Hypothetically it
could for example quell
a civil war in a nearby
African state if it saw
advantages flowing from
such action.

Given these strengths,
South Africa is very
well placed to perform
all the roles of a region-
al super-power and to
reap all the rewards if
close economic and dip-
lomatic relations are es-
tablished with the other
states of Southern

Africa. .

The South African
government’s weak-
nesses, as everyone
knows, are apparent in:
* @Low political credi-
bility, made doubly seri-
ous by its consequent
vulnerability to interna-
tional economic cam-
paigns against South
Africa, and

@ A lack of freedom to
exercise all the political
options open to it.



GUINEA

BCRG COMMUNIQUE ON BANKING POLICIES
Conakry HOROYA in French 8 May 84 p 2

(Communiqué by Captain Kabine Kaba, minister-governor of banking and
insurance]

[Text] The advent of the second republic on 3 April 1984 was warmly greeted
by all the people of Guinea, And since taking power, the CMRN, in its vast
program of recovery, has put particular stress on the good and correct func-
tioning of its banking institutions.

Among the immediate measures, they [sic] [misprint for "it," i.e., the second
vepublic?] instituted, by means of a radio-broadcast communique” of 12 April
1984, the universality of banks with the idea of permitting free deposits
and access to all banking operations for all citizens.

Once more, the CMRN, through the Central Bank, is launching an appeal to all
Guineans with the idea of making the bank the only deposit center for their
assets,

The Central Bank will not accept any responsibility for unfortunate situations
which might befall any holders of funds who would not have confidence in our
banking institutions and who would restrict themselves to futile hoarding.

In fact, the risk of robbery, fire or monetary reform are factors which could
destroy the wealth accumulated by certain people who have no confidence in the
banking system.

Guinean banking is at the disposal of absolutely everyone. It repeats once
more its concern to guard the privacy of citizens' assets as well as maintain
their free utilization. It invites all citizens to entrust to the banks the
safeguarding or management of their assets in national or foreign currency.

Long live the glorious people of Guinea!

Long live the republic!

9895
CSO: 3419/645

16



ANGOLA

HOG RAISING HAMPERED BY IRREGULAR FEED SUPPLIES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 May 84 p 5

[Text] The development of hog raising in the Lubango
group will experience a new decline in its reproduction
cycle this year due to irregular feed supplies.

The regional feed factory which supplies this product that is extremely important
in the development of any livestock activities is today experiencing a situa-
tion that is quite worrisome due to the lack of raw material (corn); its
daily output dropped from 40 tons down to 10 tons,

Another fact which hindered the development of hog raising in the. group is. _
hog cholera which over the past 2 years necessitated the slaughtering of about
4,676 hogs.

As a department of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Lubango livestock produc-
tion unit is involved primarily in poultry and hog raising; at this time it
has 1,292 hogs, including 200 breeding sows which could yield more than 170
tons of meat annually.

In the opinion of production unit managers, the regional feed factory should
replace its raw material (corn) with other cereal crops, such as "massango" and
“massambala" which are produced on vast areas of land in some townships in

the Province of Huila; besides, they have a high nutritive value for the
animals.

According to group manager Adao Sebastiao, other forms of feeding the animals
are now being considered in an effort to cope with this fodder shortage; these
forms of feed would include other types of fodder, especially alfalfa, green
corn, squash, and beets; in addition to their nutritive value, they promote
the efficient use of arable land around the units,

As regards poultry raising, the official noted that prospects in this area
are not exactly the best due to the situation at the Luanda incubating plant

11



Reporter Admits Atrocities Evidence Arranged
(THE HERALD, 17 May 84)....cececccccceccssccsccceceeeeee

Gweru Oxygen Plant First in World
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 11 May 84)....eeeeeeececevscceee

Wankie Colliery Company Faces Problems After Good Year
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 11 May 84)....ceeeceecccsecceece

Bulawayo Firm To Supply Botswana Railways’ Rail Fasteners
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 11 May 84)...seeeseceecccvccenes

Briefs
Antibandit Police Camp
Drought Kills Cattle
Czechs Give Party Scholarships
New Militia Training

94

95

96



NEI BECOMES SOLE SUPPLIER FOR ADE

Johannesburg INDUSTRIAL WEEK in English 15 May 84 p 5

[Text]

cso:

A DEAL between two
- listed compaies — Nor-
thern Engineering In-
vestments Africa (NEI)
and the McCarthy Group
— has created a new
force in SA's growing
diesel engine industry.

In terms’ of the deal,
NEl has formed a new
company fo handle all its
diesel engine interests.

The new company, NEI
Africa Diese! Products,
will embrace the current
diesel engine business 0:
NEI subsidiary Cummins
Diesel (SA) and also the
ADE and Perkins (in-
cluding Rolls-Royce) in-
terests of the McCarthy
Group subsididary, Mc-
Carthy Grosvenor En-
gines.

3400/1035

The absorption of Mc-
Carthy's ADE business
has already been fina-
lised, which means that
NEI Africa Diesel Pro-
ducts becomes the coun-
try’s sole supplier of ADE
industrial engines and
Spares.

Negotiations are well
advanced for the Perkins
and Rolls-Royce interests
to be taken over towards
mid-year.

Don Blair, MD ‘of the
new company, says he
views this important
development as a major
‘structural change that will
in due course result in an
improved service in the
diesel engine business in-
dustry throughout the
country.

66

“Both Cummins and
McCarthy have strong
dealer networks, and br-
inging ‘these together will
Strengthen the position of
the new organisation to
meet the supply and ser-
vice requirements of end
users of ail four products,

*— ADE, Cummins, Per-

kins and Rolls-Royce,” he
said.

Blau assures the diesel
market in general and ex-
isting customers in par-
ticular, that there will be
no disruption of sales or
service in the wake of the
new deal. “It will be
business-as-usual from
day one.”

SOUTH AFRICA


NAMIBIA

PAPER SAYS IMPLEMENTING RESOLUTION 'IMPOSSIBLE'
MB280528 Windhoek DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 18 May 84 p 4
[Editorial: "Bomb Blast Hit Far"]

[Text] Seldom if ever has someone's words boomeranged so suddenly as happened
this week with SWAPO's Nico Bessinger. Almost while announcing that SWAPO's
"military struggle" will continue to "your doorstep," a bomb exploded in the
center of Windhoek but fortunately for Bessinger and company, there was no
loss of life.

The silence in the SWAPO camp is almost as deafening as Wednesday night's bomb
explosion. Suddenly no one knows anything about violence.

This will not really help matters because the excuse that SWAPO's internal
wing does not know what the external wing is doing is not good enough. The
two wings have had a lengthy discussion about this in Lusaka.

Just as unfortunate is Windhoek Advocate Anton Lubowski, whose claimed support
for a SWAPO-type peace in our country is ripped to shreds by the explosion in
the city center a few meters from his office.

The whole bombing incident is undoubtedly a sign of what happened last weekend
in Lusaka at the talks between the Multiparty Conference [MPC] and SWAPO. The
terrorist organization has simply rejected the hand of peace extended by the
MPC with an invitation to participate peacefully in the politics of the terri-
tory.

It is understandable because those who have seen Nujoma and his henchmen in
action in the political sphere for the first time realize that the instigators
of violence and terror are totally politically retarded--people who practice
politics through the barrel of an AK-47.

Even if this opinion on the mentality and capability of the SWAPO leadership
is the only plus factor of that abortive conference, it is worth it.

One hopes that some politicians in the 1980 election who are still around and

who said they would rather be allies of SWAPO than of the National Party of
Namibia have seen the kind of alliance this really is.

21



They all signed letters guaranteeing that they would not return to Angola for
the duration of the civil war--and now most of them face an uncertain employ-
ment future in Britain.

Eight of them work for Mining and Technical Services (Mats), which operated
only in Angola. A company spokesman said they were on full pay at present,
but the situation was under review.

Another two worked for Diamang, the Angolan state diamond company, and will
now have to look for new jobs.

A spokesman for Mats said the future of the whole diamond mining operation in
north-eastern Angola depended on the Luanda government's ability to protect
expatriate miners.

He said the company, which was set up by De Beers, had not been in contact with
Unita.

A De Beers representative, Mr Peter Galliegos, is flying to Luanda next week
for talks with the Angolan government about the security of the company's per-
sonnel.

CSO: 3400/1006



Where does this leave the State
President — spending most of the
first month of Parliament defending
himself (and his Government)
against three motions of no confi-
dence? Seems a little crazy, but that
appears to be the plan at the mo-
ment.

Then there is the real nitty-gritty:
the cure-all of the new system is
supposéd to be the standing joint
committees still to be established,
on which all parties will serve. They
will operate by means of consensus
where this can be achieved.

Assume a Bill is introduced to de-
segregate the railways. If there is
consensus in the joint committee
there will be a joint sitting of all
three Houses which wil rubber:
stamp approval of il at
will become law. Fair ensagh.

Now assume it is not approved by
the joint committee. Then the same
Bill is introduced separately in the
three Houses and a public debate
* ensues.

But how is consensus not
achieved in the joint committee?

. Does each party in each of the
chambers have proportional repre-
sentation on each standing joint
committee (of which there are 20 to
30)? What if a party, say the Puri-
fied Hindustani Party, has only
three seats in one of the Houses —
how does it get representation on
the major committees (Defence,

Foreign Affairs, Finance, Railways .

etc)? And does its: member's v.
count as much as the Nationagi
Party member’s vote. And is
voting in the first place, because ra;
member the committees act on cor.
sensus, not conflict politics?

Once a joint committee has taken’
a decision, is this decision Binding
on Parliament? Can MPs still move’
amendments to the Bill already ap-
proved by the committee ? ,

These are some of the trickie?
questions which have to be deci
before September; when the
session of the new Parliament tak
place. These are the questions a
‘sub-committee is addressing, wit i
apparently, a mixture of success
and bewilderment. . .

cso: 3400/1035

There are still some physical.
matters to be dealt with by the poli-
ticians, bureaucrats and Protoco),
people: parking for MPs for three.
Houses, airport privileges, Press,
representation in three Houses, tim-.

ing of debates, siting of joint com-)
mittees. .

Other intriguing questions relate
to the State President. "
What happens at Question Time?:
If a question is asked in one House,
does that stop MPs in another
House from asking the same ques:!
tion (such as who filled the Minis:
ter’s swi pool)? sie
If an are alee to ask all ques-
tions, is every day a question day
and does the State President have te:
spend half his day answering ques-:
tions in the Houses? “a
Then there is protocol. Is it thé
State President’s duty and obliga:
tion to attend debates in the Houses,.
or is it his privilege ? When he if
called to a House, is it because it is
the House’s privilege or is it be!
cause it is the House’s .obligatio!
to call him? What if he is called
two Houses ‘at the same time —
where does he go physically, and
who decides this for him, along
which parameters ? .
if it seems complicated, that’s be-
cause it is. One can only hope that in:
examining the entrails of the Con
stitution Act, the sub-committees
will come up with solutions which,
the standing committee can accept.
If they don’t, there could be more
chaos than consensus for the first
years of the new dispensation. wo
Or, as Dr van Zyl Slabbert told
referendum voters, they (the consti-.
tution’s authors) must go back to the
drawing board — if it still exists,

26



GWERU OXYGEN PLANT FIRST IN WORLD
Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 11 May 84 p 13
[Text]

OXYCO'S new $5,4 million

it, to be officially ii i
E'chera'om tue 15, wil be the £25 the ait separation unit, the a-
first of its type to be commissioned _

i:
I
|
|
i

storage tanks, a cooling water denser re-boiler, upper
An rae esate ype tower, warm-argon equipment, argon column aad wocn conden?
peapetimieryre peer "AI and a new electrical sub-station, ser. The positioning of the ‘‘cold
ee eountrles. several other This was finished in September, box” was the most difficult opera-
can 1983 and work on new access road tion, necessitating the bringit
rane in from South

BASIC FUNCTION _ DIMENSIONS Potential

The main process unit of the The air separation unit’s dimen
plant is a large air separation unit, sion’s are 2,7 metres by 3 metres by pon
ind its basic function i tie ro 23,8 metres, it weighs 26 other
duction of oxygen, liquid nitrogen ‘tonnes. m0
and argon. Mr Shaw said that the ly reférred to as do this
new plant has a maximum
productive capacity of 17 tonnes of
oxygen a day, 15,5 tonnes of nitro-
gen a day, and half a tonne of

Work on the site started in June
last year, and consisted of a small

CSO: 3400/1009

95



ZIMBABWE

CIO OFFICERS WARNED TO RESPECT RIGHTS OF DETAINEES
Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 84 p 9

[Text] WHILE it is accepted that CIO officers must be able to investigate al-
legations of threats to the security or public order in Zimbabwe, they must
exercise their powers within the law and respect the rights of detainees, a
High Court judge has warned.

Mr Justice Smith expressed serious concern over what appeared to be "con-
temptuous denial by CIO officers" of Harare businessman Samson Paweni's right
to consult lawyers during the first days of his detention in March.

The judge also warned the Minister of State (Security) and if, in future, an
application was made before him by a detained person seeking legal access be-
cause of CIO denial, "it is highly likely that costs will be awarded to the
detained person on a legal practitioner and client basis".

Costs in this type of application are normally awarded on a party+to-party
scale. The legal practitioner and client scale is more costly and can be
awarded if the unsuccessful party's actions are “sufficiently reprehensible or
blameworthy to justify such an award".

Mr Justice Smith made the remarks in a written judgment handed down in Harare
recently in which he refused Paweni's application for bail.

The judge said that soon after his arrest Paweni was visited twice by his
lawyer.

But on both occasions a CIO officer was present and even took notes of the dis-
cussions. It was said that Paweni's lawyer was allowed access only on condi-
tion that a CIO officer was present.

Mr Stephen Mafara of the civil division of the Attorney-General's Office (for
the Minister of State--Seaurity) had conceded that the CIO officers had acted
improperly in denying Paweni the right to consult his lawyer in private.

Mr Justice Smith said the constitutional right of detainees to visits by their
lawyers was clearly established by the Supreme Court as far back as June 1982
in the case of the Minister of Home Affairs versus Dumiso Dabengwa and Lookout
Masuku.

88


ANGOLA,

DOMESTIC TRADE TO STRESS RURAL AREAS
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 12 May 84 pp 1, 12

[Text] In spite of the organizational efforts it had made,
the Ministry of Domestic Trade did not accomplish the
plans and programs for supplying the goods needed for sale
in the rural areas last year and the outlook for any
improvement in this year's sales activities is rather
dark. This observation was made by Vice Minister of
Domestic Trade Joaquim Guerreiro Dias, as he spoke

in Luanda on Thursday at the close of the seventh

Expanded Consultative Council meeting of this ministry
which was held between 8 and 10 May at the Costa

do Sol Hotel,

The failure of the plans and programs for supplying the peasants, according
to the vice minister, is due to transportation problems and thé late arrival
of products in the country.

The official admitted that the Domestic Trade Ministry down through the years
issued many directives and guidelines but their practical implementation always
turned out to be the "Achilles heel."

"If the principles and guidelines are not carried out in practice, they are
nothing but expressions of ill will which in no way contribute to the progress
of our activities," he summarized.

Lack of coordination and the employment of various work methods, he said, made
it impossible to have the Domestic Trade Ministry function efficiently as

a single agency; only if there is unified leadership on all levels will it be
possible to carryout the party's and the government's guidelines and to
accomplish the activity plans.

Joaquim Guerreiro Dias admitted also that the trade circulation plan last
year showed that, although this was the year during which the delivery of goods



ZIMBABWE

REPORTER ADMITS ATROCITIES EVIDENCE ARRANGED
Harare THE HERALD in English 17 May 84 p 1

[Text] PETER GODWIN of the London Sunday Times has admitted that he arranged
with Father Gabriel of Minda Mission in Matabeleland South to gather witnesses
to testify about alleged army killings of civilians near Kezi.

In his latest dispatch about the recent trip by more than 50 local and inter-
national journalists into Matabeleland South published last Sunday, Mr Godwin
said:

"I had warned the priest at Minda Mission of our intention to pay him a visit
and he had gathered some witnesses together."

Before the witnesses gave their evidence the Director of Information, Dr John
Tsimba, complained that their evidence could hardly be rélied upon as they had
been "rehearsed".

Cde Tsimba complained that the witnesses "can hardly be said to be reliable
witnesses because I would have expected journalists to interview people that
had been randomly selected".

The witnesses contradicted each other under close questioning by local journal-
ists.

In the same dispatch, Mr Godwin also admitted that he served with the Rhodesian
security forces during the liberation struggle.

“During my national service I was a member of the Police Anti-Terrorist Unit
(Patu) serving in Matabeleland," he said.

Patu operated as a semi-military regiment under the Ian Smith regime during the
war.

cso: 3400/1009

94


rubber and bearings. These items are being exhibited at the Trade Fair." H
Czechoslovakia's 39th national day would be celebrated in Bulawayo tomorrow, :
he added. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 9 May 84 p 5]

NEW MILITIA TRAINING--HARARE—-The Zimbabwe government would soon launch its
“Chimbi-Chimbi" militia training for the protection of local leaders who were
possible dissident targets, the Deputy Minister of Defence, Mr William
Ndangana, said yesterday. Mr Ndangana said the Chimbi-Chimbi programme would
be conducted in coordination with law-enforcing agencies. The number of
People to be trained in the new programme would depend on how many would come
forward and such criteria as each volunteer's character and support of the
government. "Our target is the elimination of dissidents," Mr Ndangana said.
Mr Ndangana said a number of women undergoing militia training had fallen
pregnant but, "if they want to continue training after giving birth, we will
consider their applications." He said some of these pregnancies involved men
in the unit. The men responsible had been told they must look after the women
during and after the pregnancy or face dismissal, Mr Ndangana said. [Text]
(Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 May 84 p 19]

cso: 3400/1010 - END -

99



CAPE GARMENT UNION SWALLOWS TRANSVAAL WORKERS' UNION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 84 p 8

{Text ] CAPE TOWN. — The

cso:

giant Garment Work-
ers’ Union of the West-
ern Province is to take
over the Transvaal-
based Garment Work-
ers’ Union of South
Africa, making it the

first National Clothing |

Workers’ Union in the
country.

However, the 21000-
strong Black National
Union of Clothing
Workers recently re-
jected amalgamation
with the Transvaal
union and shows no
signs of changing its
Position.

Mr Cedric Petersen,
assistant general sec-
retary of the GWU-
WP, which has about
60 000 members, con-
firmed the take-over.

The GWU-SA has
about 6 500 White and
Coloured members in
the Transvaal, the Free
State and the Eastern

Cape.
. .Dr Anna Scheepers,.
whose presidency of
the union has spanned
a period of 46 years, is
expected to retire at
the end of the year.
Labour __ historian
and expert on the
clothing industry, Mr

3400/1035

Martin Nicol, de-
scribed the take-over
as an “historic irony of
immense propor-
tions.”

“For 25 solid years,
between 1930 and
1955, the Transvaal
Garment . Workers’
Union waged a mili-
tant campaign to take

over the Cape Union,
but the Cape lead-
ership resisted. Now
the tables have tumn-
ed,” he said. .

“Solly Sachs, general-
al secretary of the
Transvaal Union ‘until
1952 and one of the
first trade unionists to
be banned and exiled,
believed the only way
the wages of Cape
clothing workers could
be raised to the Trans-
vaal standard was to
have one national
union.

62

SOUTH AFRICA

“Now that wages are
comparably low
throughout the coun-
try, the Cape Union is
to take over the Trans-
vaal Union,” Mr Nicol
said.

Mr Petersen said the
move had been moti-
vated by the shrinkage
in membership of the
Transvaal Union.

He added that there
had been “unanimous
support” for the move
in the Transvaal
Union. — Sapa.


“Representatives ° from
the Zimbabwe IDC, Zisco
and Lancashire Steel will
meet us on May 23. Local
wire convertors will also
attend the meeting to
resolve LS’s ridiculously
low wire rod export price,

“It may be asked why
LS cannot charge their
. Price: the reason is that
LS's pricing has led to
cutthroat price wars in
the domestic steel conver-
tors’ market thereby
‘seriously affecting their
profit margins,” says
Olivier.

He foresees import
contro! on steel-ultimately
being lifted and price con-
trol replacing it.

Olivier says that all SA
industry, not just steel,
faces depletion as the
sountry becomes less
competitive and produc-
tion more eroded due te
the pressure of inflation.

Inflation rate

“Due to an ‘inflation :
fate two to three times
higher than that. of its
competitors, ‘and the in-
ternal value of the rand
Not being truly reflected in
the exchange rate, SA in-:
dustry’s ‘total cost struc-‘
ture is out of line with its
competitors.” :

Olivier says that the
world steel market is at

such a low ebb that ©

overseas governments are
subsidising thelr steel
companies, but this Is not
so with tscor and the
South African Govern-
ment. .

Cs0: 3400/1035

68



GUINEA

ECONOMIC MINISTER ON DEVELOPMENT PLANS
Conakry HOROYA in French 8 May 84 p 2

[Interview with Mr Richard Haba, minister of economic affairs, by JéxOme
Dramou, date and place not specified]

[Text] [Horoya] Mr Minister, since your appointment as head of the Depart-
ment of Economic Affairs, you have surely had time to look over the files
left by the previous regime. What report have you drawn up?

[Haba] From the outset, it is advisable to point out that by taking power on
3 April 1984, the Military Committee of National Redress, CMRN, inherited from
the former regime a situation characterized by economic stagnation. The first
action of the government of the second republic was the fundamental change of
the political, economic and social orientation, whose key word is economic
liberalism, which means freedom for all economic agents to invest in the
sectors of their choice, to reap the fruits of their investments and to enjoy
them peacefully.

So free enterprise is characterized by competition and efficiency, in a spirit
of national solidarity and social cohesion. The CMRN has translated this posi-
tion into an appeal launched to all good wills, whether individuals or corpora-
tions, private or public, national or foreign, to participate in the recovery
process.

This action bears on the detailed analysis of the country's economic situation
to determine a diagnosis of the present state of the nation. Under the terms
of this report, the government envisions concrete measures of structural
reform and boosting production.

Coming back to the question asked, I would say that we inherited a crumbling
national economy exposed to serious budgetary, payment and economic growth
difficulties.

In the face of the 2.8 percent annual demographic growth rate, the GNP per
inhabitant is 276 US dollars per year, one of the weakest in the world, while
in the Ivory Coast, for example, the GNP per inhabitant is 1,100 US dollars
per year. The rate of growth of the GIP (gross industrial product) is 2 per-
cent per year; in other words, the growth in production is slower than that of
the Guinean population.

13



WANKIE COLLIERY COMPANY FACES PROBLEMS AFTER GOOD YEAR

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 11 May 84 p 1

[Text]

WANKIE Colliery exported
worth $16 nijjlion during the
ended February 29, and im|
half-year profits of $664 000 to a
year-end profit of $3 840 000.

In his annual report, the chair-
man of the company, Mr D D
Kadenhe, said that the significant
improvement was due principally
to the price adjustments of Octo-
ber, 1983, the increase in exports
and successful cost controls.

DIFFICULTIES

The company is, however, ex-
periencing difficulties in adjusting
to local demand because of redu-"
ctions in anticipated sales to the
thermal power station at Hwange.

Mr Kadenhe said the original,
agreement called for a delivery of
1,2m tonnes of coal in 1983/84 and
the colliery had invested $119m
in the open-cast project to meet
this demand. The Electricity
Supply Commission (ESC) had,
however, later revised their
demand to 470 000 tonnes and
actually took delivery of 410 000
tonnes.

At the year-end the colliery had
a stockpile of over 960 000 tonnes

iit

cso: 3400/1009

of unsold power station coal.
“Large stockpiles are costly to fi-
mance and require special attention
to prevent losses and spontaneous
combustion”, Mr Kadenhe said.

Philosophically, he continued,
“We are advised that because of
operation difficulties at the Hwa-
nge power station, we cannot ex-
pect coal consumption to be at the
level we had planned for the
coming year.””

Hwange ‘power station has not
been producing electricity for nine
weeks and the ESC has not fore-
cast when generation will com-
mence. This could prove embarras-
sing for the colliery company for it
cannot stop production at the
open-cast mine. Its stock-pile will
grow and it is not clear. whether the
ESC will pay for coal mined but
not used at the power station. “‘We
do not doubt that government will
see to it that we are not unduly pre-
judiced by events beyond our
control,” Mr Kadenhe commented.

HEAVY REPAYMENTS

The company faces heavy loan
and interest repayments during the
coming year. These are forecast at
$21m, a figure which has increased

96

ZIMBABWE

due to the devaluation of the
Zimbabwe dollar. However, the
company still has considerable fi-
nancial strength.

Share capital and reserves before
any distribution of diyidends, total
$65,7m. Long-term loans after
transferring to current liabilities
the loan repayments due in
1984/85 amount to $82m. The re-
sulting long-term debt to equity
ratio, which is 56:44, is an impro-
vement on the 60:40 ratio
envisaged for the year-end when the
expansion project was appraised
three years go.

Current assets exceed current
liabilities by $13m, all of which is
held in short-term deposits or with
banks at call.

The distributable profits of 9
cents per share are reduced to
approximately 7 cents when the
obligatory transfer of 25% of pro-
fit to capital reserve is made. This
would have justified the payment
of a dividend but due to the deci-
sion to suspend dividend remitta-
nees outside Zimbabwe and the
acquisition of blocked external se-
curities, the company will not
declare a dividend ‘‘at the present
time”.



cso:

3400/1006

are killed by guerillas trained
and armed by Pretoria to over-
throw Machel?”

There is no doubt that, since
the Nkomati Accord was
signed, the security situation in
Mozambique has worsened.

Government spokesmen in
Maputo claim that interroga-
tion of captured MNR mem-
bers has revealed that about
1200 trained guerillas were
sent into Mozambique by South
Africa from a camp near Pha-
laborwa in the Eastern Trans-
vaal during the negotiations
leading up the signing of the se-
curity agreement.

ORDERED SOUTH

Captured guerillas told a Ma-
puto rally recently that they
were among. 400 MNR mem-
bers operating in northern
Gaza and Inhambane who were
ordered to move south after
the signing. woe

Of Mozambique’s 10 prov-
inces only-Cabo del Gaydo in
the far north is-new ‘frée of at-
tacks,

After ambushes on the
trucks using the highway that
links Zimbabwe to Malawi,
through Tete, about 300 Zim-
babwean troops with armoured
trucks were sent to Mozambi-
que to help escort convoys.

At least 50 people have been
killed in the past three months

y gunmen spraying passing
trains indiscriminately with
machine-;

Still more have been killed in
ambushes on main roads less
than 100 km north of Maputo.

At least one truck has been
destroyed on the road from
Maputo to the South African
border post at Komatipoort
and the trains which
thousands of Mozambican
miners to South Africa now
stop for the night at Moamba
station and move on at day-
break.

Tete is supplied by heavily

18

guarded convoys of 60 or more
trucks from Beira and relief
workers say that some of the
refugee camps in Inhambane

ince are d ‘ate for
food but relief convoys cannot
get through to them.

Many key points are guarded
by tanks and armoured person-
nel carriers.

The land around the Goron-
goza National Park is still
“bandit country”.

LANDMINES

Much of the area between
the Kruger National Park and
the Maputo-Beira road is pa-
trolled by large numbers of
troops and roads there have to
be checked daily for land-
mines.

But the government says
that, since major offensives
began in August last year, it
has captured about 4000 of an
estimated 15000 guerillas be-
lieved to be operating in Mo-
zambique and has cleared
areas previously under MNR
control.

But officials estimate that
about 8 000 “bandidos” are still
at large and determined to do
as much damage as ible
before they run out equip-
ment.

Even when that happens the
rebuilding of Mozambique will
need a massive effort and
many years,

Much of Mozambique's frag-
ile infrastructure that re-
mained after natural disasters,
‘such as drought and floods, and
a chronic shortage of skilled
personnel, has been systemati-
cally torn apart by the MNR
and each new government
project becomes an instant tar-
get.

Even a few men with land-
mines can continue to do dam-
age out of preportion to the':
numbers and economic +:
ery will be impossible -
“bandidos” are gone.

- the



MOST NONWHITE SEATS ALLOCATED TO CAPE, DURBAN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 31 May 84 p 4

(Text] CAPE TOWN. — The

cso:

largest number of con-
stituencies for the forth-
coming Coloured and In-
;dian elections have been
festablished in the Cape
‘Peninsula and Durban, it
‘was -announced in Cape
Town yesterday.
* According to fhe ae
partment of inte: -
fairs, the Delimitation
Commission, which sub-
mitted its report yester-
day, established 20 con-
stituencies for _ the
Coloured House of Rep-
resentatives in the Cape
Peninsula.
Seventeen seats were
allocated in the Indian
| Chamber, the House of
Delegates, in the Durban
area. +
These were the areas
with the largest concen-
tration of voters in the
country, the department
said in a statement issued
in Cape Town.

The quota of voters per
constituency varied from
3 472 in the Free State to
14 219 in the Cape Prov-
ince for the House of

ttatives and from
4 103 in the Cape Provin-
ce to 9 019 in Natal for the
Indian Chamber. |

3400/1035

Constituencies in the
Western Cape had in-
creased from 12 to 25
since the last delimitation
of the Coloured Persons’
Representative Council,
the department said.

This was the result of
provision in the new con-
stitution for the doubling
of the number of constitu-
encies allotted to the
Coloured Persons’ Rep-
resentative Council and
of the coming into being
of large new communities
in areas such as Mitchell’s
Plain.

Two constituencies —
Strandfontein and Mit-
chell’s Plain — had been
established in this area,
the statement said.

The number of con-
stituencies awarded the
House of Delegates re-
mained the same as in the

‘case of the South African

Indian Council.

However, the number
of seats allocated to Natal
rose from 27 to 29,

“The report of the deli-
mitation commission is a
final document and there
are no procedures for any
amendments before the
next delimitation,” the
statement said. — Sapa.

47

SOUTH AFRICA



“If Mr Rensford wants to stay on the farm, then he should be prepared to ac-
commodate all the families and if it's not possible, he can sell it to the
Government. In fact, I have already sent officials to request him to sell it
to us."

Cde Mahachi said Mr Rensford had "negative motives" and if people like him
were left to do as they pleased, then the Government would be heading for dis-
aster.

Mr Rensford's case was not the only one: there were many similar cases and if
the Government gave in to his case, many other farmers in the same situation
would do the same.

Asked whether his ministry's decision would not affect the relations between
the Government and the Commercial Farmers' Union, Cde Mahachi said:

"We don't follow a policy to appease an individual or a certain group of people
at the expensé of our people. However, we have been discussing with the

farmers' unions and, obviously, we do not agree on some issues and disagree
on others.

cso: 3400/1009

92


DECISION TO CLOSE SIX BLACK HIGH SCHOOLS HIT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 May 84 p 7

[Article by Revelation Ntoula:

[Text]

The decision by the Govern-
ment this week to close six
black high schools in the
Pretoria townships of At-
teridgeville and Saulsville
could have been intended as
a warning and a deterrent
to other schools. .

It may also have been meant
as a punishment for the 6000
pupils who ignored an ultima-
tum by the Department of Edu-
cation and Training to end
their four-month school boy-
cott.

When he announced that he
was closing the schools, the
Minister of Education and
Training, Mr Barend du Ples-
sis, asserted that “the forces of
subversion” had hijacked the
pupils and that inciters were
using the school boycott to fur-
ther their own ends.

Mr du Plessis said this week .

the high schools — Hofmeyer,
DH Peta, Saulsville, WF
Nkomo, Saulridge and Flavious
Mareka — would remain
closed until at least the end of
the year.

GRIEVANCES

Pupils’ grievances included
objection to the DET’s imple-
mentation of a schooling age
limit of 20, which has prevent-
ed many pupils who failed ma-
tric from a second attempt,
and improper teacher beha-
viour. Demands included the

introduction of a students’ rep-
resentative council system, the
abolition of excessive corporal
punishment, and, more recent-
ly, the release of fellow pupils
facing criminal charges arising
from the boycott.

Several meetings between
DET officials, pupils, parents
and community leaders solved
most of the problems. The DET
Promised to look into the issue
of corporal punishment, the be-
haviour of teachers and the
lifting of the age-limit require-
ment.

On the question of the SRC,
however, the department con-
tended that such a body could
exist only on university cam-
puses or institutions of higher
learning and not in high
schools.

As a compromise, the DET
‘agreed to the formation of a
body to be known as the Pupils’
Representative Council. The
Pupils rejected this, insisting
that they wanted the word
“students”. This led to an im-
Passe.

In response to the most deli-
cate demand — that charges

- against the arrested pupils be

withdrawn as a precondition
for ending the boycott — the
DET said this could not be
agreed to. In the opinion of the
Police the arrested pupils had
committed criminal offences
and the law would have to take
its course. °

30

SOUTH AFRICA

"Despised 'Bantu Education' Is Cause of Boycott"]

. Faced with the possible stig-
ma of having left their fellow
pupils in the lurch and of hav-
ing “betrayed the struggle”, the
pupils were adamant that they
would not go back to classes
without their friends. They
stuck by their philosophy of
“injury to one is injury to all”.

The police, on the other
hand, might fear that an uncon-
ditional | release otf the pupils

interpreted as a sign
of weakness.

The closure of the schools
has left the 6 000 pupils to roam
the streets of Atteridgeville
and Saulsville for the rest of
the year unless one of the sides
comes up with a mutually
acceptable solution.

To those affected, the prob-
lem is symptomatic of a more
deep-rooted issue. Accusing fin-
gers point at apartheid, which
gave birth to the much-resent-
ed system of Bantu Education,
seen as the sole underlying
cause of the boycott.

Interviews with pupils in At-
teridgeville and Saulsville
show a uaiform willingness and
desire on their part to end the
boycott — provided their
school friends are released by
the police. The pupils catageri-
cally reject Mr du Plessis’s
suggestion that they had fallen
into the hands of “subversive
forces”

“We black students do not



In 1983, public receipts went down at least 30 percent compared to 1982, which
explains, among other things, the payment difficulties of the Guinean treasury.

Moreover, the country's foreign dependence, especially in foodstuffs, forced us
to import more than 80,000 tons of rice each year, at the time when the
balance of payments deficit increased considerably in 1983 totalling 200 mil-
lion US dollars, which is the equivalent of three months of exports of our
ores.

Now, the nation exports almost nothing but bauxite and aluminum because rural
production has been deeply disrupted for 26 years and supplying two-thirds of
the Guinean population is done based on the free market whose prices are at
least ten times higher than the controlled prices of the official market.

Let us add to this somber picture the fact that the foreign debt is heavy
while firms and public finances are characterized by bad management. A11 the
preceding explains the economic and financial impass which the second republic
is in the process of appraising.

In summary, the previous regime's economic choices are--we are convinced--
the underlying causes of the distortions characterizing all the country's
sectors,

{Horoya] What have been your criteria?

{Haba] Our criteria on that score are the classical ones. But the previous
regime left us unreliable statistics, bank balance sheets and situations whose
only objective was to hide the country's underlying realities. It is this
state of fact that we are trying hard to correct, in order to end up estab-
lishing the nation's real accounts.

[Horoya] What are the steps that you have advocated for setting the nation's
economy right?

[Haba] The task of setting Guinea's economy right is a long-term undertaking.
The CMRN has already taken a certain number of measures, such as suppression
of standards, dams or inter-regional controls, of Encobé and Fapa. This

set of reform has since then assured the fluidity of exchanges as well as the
free circulation of men and goods in the countries [sic].

Then, the CMRN set up an economic commission which is currently examining the
accounts of all the nation's economic sectors for a recasting of institutions
and the rapid resurgence of our economy,

Thus, the putting in place of new institutional structures has already begun.

(Horoya] But Mr Minister, there are some impatient people who feel that it is
not moving fast enough.

{Haba] I think that implementing a new economic policy requires quite a bit
of clear-headedness and perseverance. This is why, in the short and medium
term, when we have finished diagnosing this heavy heritage, we will orient our
efforts in two priority directions.

14



The prevailing mood in the sugar industry was one of optimism tempered by a
nature appraisal of both the problems and opportunities facing growers and
producers.

What favoured the industry in its efforts to recover its losses was the prospect
of a bumper crop this. coming season.

The chairman of the South African Sugar Association, Mr Ian Smeaton, estimated
the crop in excess of 2,1-million tons.

cso: 3400/1035

58


INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

POSTMORTEM OF LUSAKA,NAMIBIAN SETTLEMENT TALKS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 May 84 p 10

[Article by Allister Sparks, in the "My View" column:

Setback, a Namibia Deal Could Still Be Struck"]

[Text ]

Given a little more trust and prep?
ration, South Africa and Swapo could
easily do a deal to overcome the last
problems in the way of Namibian in-
dependence.

It came tantalisingly close to being
concluded at last week’s all-party
meeting in Lusaka, failing only, in the
words of one diplomat, because the
Zambian intermediaries who set up
the meeting didn’t do enough “pre-
cooking” of the key elements.

Without that, it proved too diffi-
cult to get agreement across the floor
‘of the conference hall. Mutual suspi-
cions are still too strong and these
began welling up when Mr Dirk
Mudge and some of his friends in the
internal parties started playing their
old nit-picking games, when rumours
started that South Africa had a hidden
agenda, and finally when the Soviet
Union stuck in a mischievous oar on
Swapo’s side.

But the makings of a deal are still
there. Long conversations after the
conference with some of the key peo-
ple involved, including Zambia’s Pres-
ident Kenneth Kaunda, made it clear
that an agreement is attainable.

‘The indications are that South Afri-
ca is at last ready to quit Nami-
bia and let it become independent.
Having used a whiff of destabilisa-
tion to get a mutual non-aggression
treaty with Mozambique and a cease-
fire with Angola, South Africa feels it
has found other and cheaper ways to
secure its borders against black na-
tionalist insurgency than continuing to
occupy Namibia as a buffer.

As for Swapo, despite its rhetoric it
has little choice. The ceasefire be-
tween South Africa and Angola has
cut its guerilla trails and made it
difficult to continue waging an ef-
fective war of independence.

What is in prospect is a trade-off.
South Africa is prepared to break
with the United States and drop “link-
age” — the ition that Cuban
troops must leave Angola before Na-
mibia can become independent — in
return for a modification of Security
Council Resolution 435 to reduce the

* supervisory role of the United Nations

during Namibia’s transition to inde-

pendence.

South Africa would like to expand
the joint commission it has set up
with Angola to monitor their cease-
fire into a joint regional commission
that could monitor the Namibian in-
dependence elections as well.

Such a “regional settlement” would
be easier for the South African Gov-
ernment to sell to its followers back
home, people who have an abiding
dislike of the United Nations and
would regard its high-profile presence
in Namibia as a humiliation.

Swapo has not said so publicly, but
in private conversations in Lusaka
one the impression that under
certain conditions it would be pre-
pared to agree to such a trade-off.

All that is needed is agreement on
the face-saving formulas for doing
these two things. That is what the
Lusaka conference was set up to
achieve, but narrowly failed to do.

"Despite the Lusaka


ZIMBABWE

NHONGO SAYS ARMY ACTION HAS REDUCED DISSIDENT MENACE

Harare THE HERALD in English 12 May 84 p 1

[Text]

SINCE the imposition of the curfew in Matabeleland
South on February 8, and subsequent army opera-
tions, the number of dissidents in the area has been
reduced to about 40 or 50, the commander of the
army, Lieutenant-General Rex Nhongo, has said.

He was .speaking to about 50 local and inter-
national journalists who visited the area this week
to investigate alleged’ mass killings of civilians by
security forces,

Another army officer operating in the area sald
some of the dissidents might have moved into Mata-
teleland North, and’ that these were suspected of
having cut the ears, noses and lips of five Mwenezi .
teachers in February. .

The decrease in dissident activity in the pro-
vince can be seen fron heavy road construction pro-
grammes being carried ont in the area without
hindrance,

Before being driven to the operational asca,
journalists were taken to Brady Barracks in Bula-
wayo where they were shown arms captured from
dissidents,

These included ZNA and Rhodesian army uni-
forms, AK rifles, grenades, light machine guns, TM
46 landmines, kitbags, some of them made in Aus-
tria, and 7,62 ammunition.

A few hats had the “Father Zimbabwe” badge

cso: 3400/1010

90

of Dr Joshua Nkomo on them,

Driving through the area, journalists and sol-
diers were greeted with clenched-fist salutes by
some people walking along the road.

Stores and buses are operating normally and
Feople could be seen carrying goods from shops.

Pastor Luke Sibanda (49) of Matopo Mission,
aboct 60km south-east of Bulawayo, told journalists
that life had returned to normal in his area since
the arrival of security forces.

“Most people who fave been beaten here have
blamed dissidents, and I cannot remember anybody
saying he was beaten by soldiers,” said Cde Sibanda,

However, some communal people accused the
army of beatings and’ rape. Of those who accused |
the ‘security forces of killings, none of them could |
produce concrete evidence to support their allega- .
tions.

At a Press couference in Bulawayo yesterday,
the Minister of State for Defence, Cde Ernest Ka-
dungure, sald the army was doing a fine job

Cde Tsimba was asked if he coula say there
had been “minor atrocities” rather than “large-
scale atrocities”,

He replied that if the bruises and lacerations
on people treated by a doctor at Mtshabezi’ Mission |
and allegedly caused by the army could be called |
atrocities, then “those are your words”.


It is about time that the Gov-
ernment used a bit of simple psy-
chology. It helps. If Azapo is sub-
jected to such a massive raid, the
results may be counter to what
the Government had intended. It
might just be that the organisa-
tion gets that shot in the arm to
make it more respectable than it

was.

It is perhaps also the wrong
time for the Government to make
such moves. The elections are
just about on us; June 16 is not
very far on the calendar and

Azapo may be gearing itself to -

campaign Yigorously: A swoop of
‘this nature simply gives the orga-
inisation added ammunition and
‘confidence.

CSO: 3400/1035

35



BULAWAYO FIRM TO SUPPLY BOTSWANA RAILWAYS" RATI; FASTENERS

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 11 May 84 p I

[Text]

RUBBER and Allied Products
(Pvt) Ltd of Bulawayo has just
signed a $i;25 million contract to
supply Fist-BTR rail fasteners to
the Botswana Railways.

The two-year contract is
expected to generate considerable
amounts of foreign exchange for
Zimbabwe. 150 000 rail fastener
sets, comprising 900 000 separate
components, are required for the
first phase of Botswana’s railway
development project. °

The deal was negotiated by
Rubber and Allied’s managing
director, Mr Al Castle who says
that the project could keep his

company thriving for the next 10 -

years. “Botswana plans to renew
the existing mainline track, and to
follow this with the laying of two
major branch lines, one connecting

3400/1010

the southern part’ of Botswana
with the main line near Petersburg,
and one running west,” straight
across the desert to Walvis Bay on
the coast of Namibia’’. :
-“Through the provision of a
top-class service, prompt delivery
and on-the-spot technical assis-
tance, we mean to make sure that

that we are awarded those future .

contracts too’’, says Mr Castle, .
Part of the service will involve:
the setting up in Botswana of an
affiliated company, to be called
BTR Rail Fasteners Botswana
(Pty) Limited. This company will
eventually provide on-site manufa-
cture of two out of the three
components that make’ up the fist
fastener, ie the pin and the clip.

‘Some of the machinery required

97

by the new factory will be designed
and manufactured in Bulawayo for
sale to Botswana.

Rubber and Allied will have an
equity holding in the new
company, thus ensuring that regu-

-lar dividends come back to Zim-

babwe. In addition, the Botswana
company will be using steel from

‘The third component, the HDP
Plastic moulded insulating pad,
will be supplied from Rubber and
Allied in Bulawayo, for the full
term of the contract.

The quality of the BTR fist
fastener was the determining
factor in Botswana’s decision, ac-
cording to the company. Operating
records show a product-defect rate
of only 14 sets per million sets in-
stalled.

ZIMBABWE



[21 May 84 1 10]
[Text]

THE South African gov-
ernment is constrained
in the political field not
only by its own basic
policies but also by the
right-wing forces oper-
ating in the political
arena in South Africa.

Directly constraining
the government is the
very strong tradition of
white hegemony (baass-
kap) which exists within
the government itself
but which is most clear-
ly symbolized by the two
right-wing opposition
Parties, a
. Because there is in
fact a continuum of
similar opinion linking
many National Party
personnel with the
right-wing parties, the
jovernment is extraor-

inarily sensitive to
right-wing rhetoric and
critism. Hence the right-
wing parties exercise a
constraining effect out
of all proportion to their
support in the elector-
ate, which is under 15
percent. -

These contraints exist
mainly in regard to so-
cial and political con-
cerns which directly af-
fect white communities.
In the international
sphere and in matters of
economic co-operation
with black states and in-
ternal black authorities
the right wing is less
concerned and there-
fore less vigilant and
threatening.

Given these political
and social constraints,
the South African gov-
ernment must fall back
on the use of its ec
nomic and technical r
sources in order to in-
erease its political
credibility. Hence de-
tente in Southern Africa
has a double purpose —
the goal of security from
insurgency across the
border, and the oppor-

tunity to show a cri-
tical world that Africa
needs and accepts South
Africa trade, aid and
technology. Dr Brand
[word indistinct], in
a television inter-
view following the
signing of the peace
treaty with Mozambique,
stated clearly that the
route to good relations
with the West runs
through black Africa.

The, problem of politi-
cal credibility internal-
ly is most evident with
regard to the issue of
black rights. Here again,
the government has
tried to compensate for
the lack of policy reform
and gain credibility
using economic tools
such as, for example,
the Small Business De-
velopment Corporation.
With inflation creating
very real constraints on
government expendi-
ture, the scope is limit-
ed. This is one reason
why the government has
recently placed so much
emphasis on black tech-
nical training and has
accepted and in some
ways even promoted the
growth and institutiona-
lization of (non-politi-
cal) black trade union-
ism. Black ‘wage
increases and consu-
ism are seen as po-
ly able to deflect
political aspirations
within the common
area.

Finally, the responses
of the South African
government cannot be
fully understood with-
out considering the pat-
tern of pressures on it.
Prominent among these
are the financial prob-
lems and challenges
which the government
faces.

38

In an excellent re-
view, Pottinger has enu-
merated the following
serious financial pres-
sures on the treasury:
the devastating drought
and floods in the East,
the poor gold price, low
tax income due to the
recession, government
budget overshoots, rural
development failure in
black areas, the cre-
ation of the new devel-
opment bank, costly in-
centives involved in the
new decentralization
policy, massive housing
and educational back-
logs among coloureds,
Indians and blacks and
the coming costs of the
new constitutional ma-
chinery, including the
planned changes to
ocal authority struc-
tures among all groups.

Given these pressures
the government must
endeavour to save mon-
ey somewhere and a set-
tlement of the very cost-
ly Namibian war would
make a substantial dif-
ference. Furthermore,
as the Minister of
Finance outlined re-
cently, South Africa
needs a considerable
amount of foreign loan
and investment capital
at present, and there-
fore it is particularly
necessary to counteract
overseas economic cam-
paigns against the coun-
try at this stage.

These pressures are
most easily and immedi-
ately dealt with by the
kind of regional peace
initiatives currently un-
derway, because these
moves have the most un-
ambiguous effects both
in saving money and in
improving external rela-
tions.

The pressure to in-
crease political credi-
bility by extending po:
litical rights to blacks in
some form is much less
compelling for a variety
of reasons.