that recruiting efforts be made and that the Center's working methods be im-
proved. The meeting was preceded by the First Ordinary Meeting of the Execu—
tive Committee, chaired by the executive secretary of the United Nations
Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). ESAMRDC, commonly known as the Dodoma
Center, was founded in February of 1975 and now has six member countries. The
Center's objectives include assisting the development of national capabilities
for geological exploration by providing consultant services for technical and
economic feasibility studies, among others. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portu-
guese 14 Oct 86 p 3] 8844

CSO: 3442/28

55



NEW GROUP SET TO HELP IN FIELD OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Oct 86 p 16

[Text]

/12828
cso:

SANCTIONS, management
buy-outs and general ‘techno-
phobia’ aré making potential in-
vestors ‘in high-technology
more and more edgy about par-
ticipating in this high-growth
market. By Teh

A recently formed group,
WPNP, hopes to satisfy some of the
emerging problems. The company
was founded to fulfil both the tech-
nology venture partner role, and to
provide entrepreneur support
mechanisms.

According to MD Ian McLean:
“The assessment of viable techno-
logy market opportunities is diffi-
cult due to a number of factors,
including the nature and speed of
jochnological progress, the prob-
Jom of identifying innovative pro-
ducts, and the difficulty in assess-
ing the level and type of
investment, .

“Compounding this difficulty is
the general ‘technophobia’ exhibit-

ed by many investors, coupled with
the often inaccurate perception
that technology only represents
high risk. .. :

*. “Trained and experienced, fis-
cally orientated invéstors need
venture partners with a knowledge
of technology an operating experi-
ence to assist them in making risk
investment judgements. Synergis-
tic participation with these venture

artners will increase the likeli-
ood of the new venture’s success

3400/507

and the opportunity for sound in-
vestment and above-average re-
turn,”

McLean points out that a climate
which actively nurtures entrepre-
neurial activity with a minimum of
restrictions will be the.most likely
to produce the most rapid, innova-
tive and.long-lived economic
growth.

He.-explains that entrepreneurs
need support venture partners to
increase both their technical re-
source pool and management capa-

bilities, simultaneously providing
the vital assistance to ensure suc-
cess: would-be entrepreneurs need

much more than money to succeed:

in the commercialisation of their
ideas. : a a:

“Our emphasis is on converting

intellectual property — of whicl

there is an abundance within SA —

into products that are appropriate

to South African needs, with major

emphasis on the suitability of such

products for international mar-
ets.”

WPMP provides a wide range of
services ranging from fundamental
electronic logic design to full-scale
business marketing appraisals and
funds motivations. In addition, the
company has established local and
international associations with dis-
tribution, sales, marketing, public
relations, and production organisa-
tions to assist technology oriented
entrepreneurs in successful com-
mercialisation of their products.

END

119

SOUTH AFRICA


PRODUCER PALM FRUIT, OIL PRICES REDUCED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 16 Oct 86 pp 1, 9

[Article by Rosemary Ardayfio]

[Text]

19274
cso,

3400/486

MR Ibrahim Adam,
Under Secretary fon
Agriculture (Crops), has
stated that the decision
of the State Oil Palm
Plantation (SOPP) to
reduce the price of its
palm fruits and palm oil
is a step in the right di-
rection.

‘He noted that it has long
been realised by the Mi
nistry griculture that
the price of palm oil in the
country’ was unrealistic
compared to the outside
markets.

The Under Secretary
explained that this became
known: when enquiries
were.made from Italy,
Netherlands, Germany
and other European coun-
tries on the Possibilities of
exporting palm oil.

‘Mr Adam said realising
this, the Ministry of Agri-
culture held a meeting
with the Ghana Oil Palm
Development Corporation
(GOPDC) at Kwae in the
Eastern Region and the
out-growers.

‘The meeting, according
to him, identified the main
problem of the palm oil
glut as the cause of the

21

uncompetitiveness of the

price.

He said the Ministry
therefore advised the
farmers to reduce the price
of their produce which
have been over priced to
make it more competitive.

Since then, Mr Adam
pointed out, the ministry
has not had any feed-back
from the producers.

Mr Adam however stat-
ed that Lever Brothers
Ghana Limited at Tema
has started refining palm
oil into edible oil and hop-
ed that this venture will
help create a market for
the producers.

He was of the opinion
that the success of the
market strategies of the
company's products will
determine whether palm
oil producers will find an
avenue to sell their produ-

ce.

Mr Adam further stated
that even though the mi-
nistry has authorised the
Kwae Mill to process the
palm fruits of the out-
growers. they have not
been of much help because
the mill is still processing
palm fruits from its own
plantation.

GHANA



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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



COUNTRY'S DIMINISHING AIR LINK OPTIONS NOTED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Nov 86 p 13

{Article by Zenaide Vendeiro]

[Text]

South Africa lost its di-
rect air. links with two
continents this month (al-
though one of these bans
only comes into effect in
a year’s time and the
other is being contested).

The country is likely to
be isolated even further
in the next few months as
the sanctions campaign
reaches its climax.

The impending loss of
the North American and
Australian routes —
among South African Air-
ways’s most profitable
services — came as the
biggest blow to the air-
line since it was banned
from flying over Africa
in 1963.

SAA was then able to
overcome the ban by fly-
ing around the bulge of
West Africa. It did so
without missing a single
flight, but at a cost of
tens of millions of rands.

However, SAA had the
foresight to formulate
plans to circumvent fu-
ture overflying or land-
ing restrictions. These in-
cluded the exploration of
new routes and destina-
tions, the operation of
“undercover” _ services

/13046
cso: 3400/469

and the use of airports in
neighbouring states.

However, the options

are shrinking.

Apart from the bans on
flights to the United
States and Australia SAA
has already been banned
from most of Africa, the
Seychelles, Vietnam and

, Japan. And it is likely

that in the near-future it
will-lose routes to Zim-
babwe, Zambia, several
European states and
South America.

Attempts to avert
these bans will prove ex-
tremely tortuous and ex-
pensive.

PRESSURE

International airlines
operating to and from
South Africa are also
under pressure.

Five national carriers
have stopped flying to
South Africa. The Austra-
lian airline, Qantas, was
ordered to withdraw in
1977, Pan American,
Iberia, Scandanavian Air-
line Systems and Aerolin-
eas Argentinas, cited low
profitability for their re-
treat, but this was caused
by the political situation

115

SOUTH AFRICA

in South Africa (which
discouraged incoming
travellers) and the ensu-
ing drop in the value of
the rand (which put over-
seas travel out of the
reach of many South
Africans).

Now more airlines
could withdraw for the
same reasons.

International carriers
also face threats by Zam-
bia and Zimbabwe to im-
pose an overflying and
landing ban on services
bound for South Africa.

If they materialise, air-
lines will have two op-
tions. They can either op-
erate direct services to
South Africa, which avoid
overflying those states —
at the risk of losing traf-
fic in other African coun-
tries — or they can re-
route their flights to

* neighbouring states.

British Caledonian has
managed to wrest the Bo-
tswana route from Brit-
ish Airways and will
begin services next year.

Whatever happens, the
incentive to travel to or
out of South Africa will
diminish, involving more
expensive routes and
connecting flights.



SOUTH AFRICA

AMBASSADOR TO UK ADVOCATES LEADERSHIP, REFORM
MB250449 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2234 GMT 24 Nov 86

{Text] Johannesburg, Nov 24, SAPA--The answer to South Africa's problems lay
in leadership and reform rather than revolution, South Africa's ambassador to
the United Kingdom, Dr Denis Worrall, said at the SUNDAY TIMES BUSINESS TIMES
top hundred companies award in Johannesburg tonight. He warned of the danger
of extreme right and left political groups asserting themselves in the "sense
of vacuum" as the government reached a crossroads. "This explains the growth
of the right and left wing, the lack of business confidence, the brain drain

and the lack of conviction that a peaceful solution can be attained," he said.

Mr Worrall said extreme rightwing groups such as the AWB, the Conservative
Party and at the other end, the ANC and AZAPO, had a concept of where they
were going. "The big hope is that neither extreme triumphs."

He believed that Afrikaner nationalism and a strong sense of identity could
be creative but "it would be unfortunate if it enforced itself." There was
a real need for extreme Afrikaner nationalists to "think this through," he
said.

Debate about South Africa had changed dramatically in the last four and a half
years; from the November referendum in 1983 to the Nkomati Accord to the
emergence of the United Democratic Front in September 1984. The country then
began to "run into difficulty. ‘The affair in Durban when UDF leaders sought
asylum in the British Consulate, the shooting at Uitenhage and devastating
international coverage." "These developments profoundly affected relations
between the United Kingdom and South Africa," Mr Worrall said.

He said relations between the two countries remained very sound but were
beginning to show signs of strain. "There is concern but it is positive
concern,” he said.

The majority of businessmen "deplore Barclays decision but applaud B.P.'s
[British Petroleum] announcement last week."

64


SOUTH AFRICA

ISRAEL FEARS BACKLASH AGAINST JEWS IF SPECIAL TIES SEVERED

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 11 Nov 86 p 6

[Article by Masha Hamilton]

[Text]

JERUSALEM. — Israel is un-
der pressure to sever its spe-
cial ties with South Africa, but
many officials are resisting
such a move, saying it could
trigger a backlash against the
Republic’s Jewish community.

Jerusalem has long de-
nounced apartheid. But some
‘of South Africa’s 120 000 Jews
have warned that if Israel cuts
ties with Pretoria, Jews might
become targets for retribution
by anti-Semitic groups or even
the Nationalist government.

Israel's low-key response to
Pretoria’s race-separation
Policy has come under fire
since the United States decid-
ed to impose economic sanc-
tions and six major US corpo-
rations said they would close
their South African offices.

Israel announced this year
that it intended to follow the
United States’s lead in re-
sponding to apartheid. Know-
ing US President Ronald Rea-
gan's opposition to sanctions,
Jerusalem felt safe. It didn’t
bargain for the congressional
override of Mr Reagan’s veto
in September.

Pressure on the government
also comes from another quar-
ter: Israeli diplomats charged
with trying to renew ties with
black Africa after a 13-year
break. The diplomats argue
privately that Israel can’t have
both.

‘Tar-baby’
“If Israel continues its cur-
rent policy, the black commun-

ity will remember that Israel
increased its trade when other

nations began to desist,” the
liberal Jerusalem Post said in
an editorial. Israel is becom-
ing “stuck to the tar-baby of
apartheid”, it added.

Even the conservative
Maariv newspaper urged:
“We've got to cool our rela-
tions with South Africa.”

The 38-year-old links be-
tween Israel and South Africa
are so sensitive that Israeli of-
ficials have refused publicly to
discuss any aspect of them.
The Foreign Ministry is willing
only to say the issue is being
evaluated.

Although South African
Jews now face no restrictions,
some Israelis warn that the
seeds of an anti-Semitic back-
lash have been planted. Three
years ago, an empty synagogue
in Johannesburg was bombed,
and Israeli diplomats blamed
anti-Semitic whites.

The founders of the ruling
National Party included nazi
sympathizers, and the party
denied membership to Jews
until 1951. Some South African
whites are today openly anti-
Semitic, including members of
the Afrikaner Resistance
Movement (Afrikaner-Weer-
standsbeweging), a largely ru-
ral group which stands for
white rights.

“When Israel is not on good
terms with any government,
the Jews of that country are
always the first to suffer,” Mr
Eliyahu Lankin, Israel's am-
bassador to Pretoria from 1981
to 1985, said in an interview.

“Israeli-imposed sanctions
would make life difficult for
the Jews of South Africa, and
that must be our first con-
cern.”

In addition, Israel feels a
special affinity for a fellow-
pariah state surrounded by en-
emies. Israel often gives Pre-
toria diplomatic support and
most recently was one of a few
countries to oppose banning
South African participation in
an International Red Cross
meeting in Geneva.

“The Afrikaner feeling of
isolation, the fear that comes
from being an outnumbered
and disliked minority, should
certainly strike a chord in our
own memories,” said Mr Yitz-
hak Una, an ambassador to
Pretoria from 1974 to 1979. “As
Israelis and Jews, we should
feel a tie to them.”

The extent of the ties are
being questioned.

It has long been reported

that the two countries worked
together on development of a
nuclear bomb and even tested
the bomb off the South African
coast in the 1970s. Israel de-
nies this.

South African blacks say
Israel is still selling Pretoria
rifles, machine-guns and
tanks, despite a 1981 arms em-
bargo imposed by the United
Nations. The reports are wide-
ly believed here, despite Isra-
el’s denials. 7

In turn, Israel has claimed
that some Arab states are clan-
destinely selling oil to South
Africa, despite their vocal op-
position to apartheid.

Reports of extensive Jerusa-
lem-Pretoria ties disturb
South African immigrants like
Mr Harold Rubin, a painter
who came to Israel 25 years
ago. He opposes broad econo-
mic sanctions, which he says
would hurt South African
blacks, but objects to the ex-
tent of Jerusalem-Pretoria
ties.



ETHIOPIA

ITALIAN PAPER DISCUSSES SUPPORT FOR ERITREAN CAUSE

Rome AVANTI! in Italian 29 Oct 86 p 7

{Article by Franco Prosperi: "A Liberation Front White Paper: 'The Eritrean
People Ask for Autonomy'"]

[Text] The story of the past 2 years of political activity relating to the
Eritrean question has been compiled by the ELF [Eritrean Liberation Front] into
an interesting "white paper" that contains abundant documentation of the wide-
spread political will to have the question of the Eritrean people brought up
once again--in real and concrete terms--by various political forces in the UN
and in the Italian parliament.

The copious documentation relates to actions, data, and events-~serious and
dramatic events--concerning the populations of the tormented Horn of Africa.

Among the various documents compiled, special mention is due the collection of
case histories involving political asylum and flights abroad on the part of
Ethiopian officials and civil servants (the most recent case being the amateur
soccer team that requested asylum at the UN High Commissioner's office in

Cairo) who do not share the political views of the existing pro-communist
regime; refuse to tolerate the massive presence of the Russian and Cuban mili-
tary advisers, and their interference in Ethiopia's internal affairs; disapprove
of the misapplication--for military purposes against national liberation move- ©
ments--of the international aid that has been supplied; and denounce the forced
deportation of more than 500,000 Ethiopians in connection with resettlement of
the northern territories.

In this regard, the Ethiopian ambassador to Italy's reply to a denunciatory
article by Bernard-Henry Levy in IL MESSAGGERO appears ineffectual and not very
convincing. Moreover, we have not seen a redistribution of the labor force in
connection with the 1984-94 10-year agricultural plan to combat the famine and
to halt the process of desertification. Gilles Herzog himself--in EUROPEO--has
called it a crazy plan to construct the new Ethiopian man; authoritative inter-
national humanitarian organizations have likewise voiced negative opinions.

In glancing through the abundant and well-organized material in the "white
paper," one thing that especially stands out is the numerous inquiries--on the
part of members of parliament belonging to various groups--concerning specific

11



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MINISTERS’ SALARIES, COST OF CABINET--Taxpayers will have to pay “at least"
an extra R7-million a year to fund President P W Botha's decision to double
the number of deputy ministers to 20. A PFP spokesman on the public

service, Major Reuben Sive, said yesterday that this figures was a
“conservative estimate" of the additional cost of salaries, perks and
additional staffing for the 10 new deputy ministers. "This is bureaucracy
gone mad--the gravy train is running out of control," he said. Deputy
ministers would receive a combined salary and allowance of R85182--compared
with R58050 for an ordinary MP. Each was also entitled to a “plush new
Mercedes and chauffeur", first-class instead of economy-class trevel, free
furnished homes in Pretoria and Cape Town, a special office and a private
secretary. More than a third of the NP's 127 MPs in Parliament were not
either ministers or prime ministers. In a reference to the meteoric rise of
Mr Ron Miller and Mr George Bartlett since crossing the floor from the New
Republic Party, he said the best way to get a first-class ticket on the gravy
train was to defect to the NP. Retiring cabinet ministers would receive a
R2000000-plus gratuity and up to R114930 a year in pensions. PFP leader

Mr Colin Eglin said the “inordinate cost of having another 10 deputy ministers
is totally unjustifiable." The latest apointments also strengthen the executive
at the expense of the legislature and put the opposition at an even greater
disadvantage in debates. The leader of the Conservative Party, Dr Andries
Treurnicht, said the latest appointments represented a "multiplication
instead of the promised retionalization or streamlining of the executive."
[Text][Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 6 Nov 86 p 3]{Article by Anthony
Johnson] /12828

CSO: 3400/492

70


home science rooms: for primary,
schools and also science-labora-+
tories for secondary schools..

With regard to urban centres, it,
is clear that population growth,
has outstepped the provision of
educational: facilities. It is,
imperative, therefore, that all
those concerned make definite.
plans well in advance to make
these facilities available to all
@igible children in the urban
area.

The only way we can
‘demonstrate our love for children,
is to provide them with a sound
‘educational background, as part
of. the overall effort in preparing
them effectively for their nation-
suilding responsibilities in
future.

In this connection, local
authorities should work out long-
term measures to ensure that there
will be adequate places for: all
children in the major towns...

At the same time, I wish to
appeal’ to parents, church
organisations and. private
investors to devote more funds
to the construction of educa-
tional facilities throdghout the
“count County councils and.
other local authorities will, on
their part, be required to make
land ‘available in their areas
for developers to put up.
educational facilities in
order to supplement Government
and community efforts. .

Under. the youth polytechnic
training programme, the youth
will be trained in economically

: productive - work-groups. Areas
such as “Jua Kali” garages and
workshops will be given:
emphasis. ‘This will enable our
young people to engage them-
‘selves usefully without having
to depend on wage employment.

The youth polytechnic
graduates will shortly benefit’
from a loan scheme’ which has
been initiated on a pilot basis.by
my Government through the
Kenya Association of Youth

* Organisations. This will enable
the trained youth to start their
own businesses in the rural areas.
Those who are responsible for
awarding contracts at the district
level have an important part to
play in support of this effort.

Supported

As concerns the development of
rural areas in general, I am hear-
tened to note that the district
focus strategy for rural develop-
ment is‘now well understood and
supported at the district level.

I urge ministries to continue
playing their role‘in the
implementation of this strategy.
Ministries are expected to give
full: support to ‘the district

+ development committees so that

-district-specific projects are
implemented effectively and on
schedule. Similarly, district
development committees must
ensure that tendering at the dis-
trict level benefits wananchi in
their areas. .

‘Turning now to the need for us
to disseminate useful ideas to
everyone in the country, I note

“ with satisfaction that cutrently

85 per cent of our population have
access to radio sets. Our main
concern .now is to improve -the
quality of reception.

With the completion of the
short-wave transmitting station
at Koma Reck, more people who
are not presently covered effec-
tively by the medium wave
services in eastern and central
Kenya will now. enjoy. improved
radio reception.

Another major proiect i
mation dissemination
launching of rural newspapers in
Kisii,’ Kericho, Garissa,
Mariakani, Machakos, Vihiga
and Siaya which has proved very
successful. Currently, plans are
under way for the next phase
which will cover several districts
in Rift Valley and Central provin-
ces. Along with the improved
reception, wananchi will be more
familiar with Government
programmes, and we shall be able
to foster a better understanding
of our country’s aspirations
through the dissemination of
information tothe people.

now wish, to-turn briefly to
some areas of our economy, which
have, of late, been performing
below expectations.

‘The country has experienced
some drawbacks in the manage-
ment of some financial institu-
tions which have recently faced
operational difficulties. Towards
this end, it has been necessary for
my Government to intervene in
somie cases and Iam glad to say
that this. effort has been
rewarding especially as concerns
the small depositors.

We ‘are now looking for ways
and means of improving the

‘financial administration and

management of these institutions
which are facing problems in
order to ensure that innocent
people do-not become victims of
insolvency..or bankruptcy of
such financial institutions.

Emphasised

I find it necessary also on this
occasion to make some observa-
tions on the indigenisation policy

‘which I talked about on

Madaraka Day but which
appeats to have been misun-
derstood in some quarters.

When I reiterated our desire to
lace our economy in the hands of
indigenous Kenyans, on

28

Madaraka Day this year, I
emphasised that this has always
been one of the original objectives
of the ‘independent Kenya
Government. Right from the
outset, Kenyans have welcomed
private investors who accept the
asic teriets of African Socialism,
and the spirit of mutual social
responsibility. This position has
not changed.
_ The legal and administrative
instruments we have ‘set up to
attract and safeguard private
“investment in the country remain
in force and there is no intention
to revoke them. Indeed, we shall
continue .to welcome investors
who have a ‘genuine, desire. to
complement Government efforts
to uplift. the well-being of our
peopte. However, it -must be
uriderstood by everyone, that
when we seek to- place the
wealth of. this country in the

“hands of Kenyatis, we are not

introducing anything. unique:
tothiscountty ne SMa!

_ There is no country anywhere
in the world today, which can
take pride in placing its economy
in the hands of people, other than.
its own indigenous citizens. Our
indigenisation. policy is,
therefore, an objective which we
cannot compromise.

As regards Kenya’s effective
participation in regional trade in
general, and Preferential Trade
Area in particular, my Govern-
ment -is.committed to: work
towards ultimately fulfilling.
the’ requirements governing the
rules of origin, in order for
investors to -enjoy preferential
treatment and hence compete
effectively in the regional market.

It is necessary that we
encourage greater participation
by Kenyans in the manufacturing
sector, in particular. Here again,
private’ foreign investors must
appreciate that it is in their own
interest to devise ways of deriving
maximum benefit from the
expanded Preferential Trade
‘Area market.

Kenyans will recall that on the
occasion of Labour Day this year,
Laccepted the request by workers
to reduce the working week to five
days ‘for non-essential type
Services. As a result of the subse-
quent. misunderstanding which
arose, the country. witnessed.
‘several cases where work was dis-
rupted. I am-glad that much of
the confusion has- now cleared
and that employers, workers and
trade uniong have settled down to
this new system,

‘As [ have said on many occa-
sions, the granting of two days of
rest in a working week for workers
was’ aimed at re-invigorating the
workers so that they increase
their productivity.

_’ Today, I wish to reiterate that
it-will be meaningless for us to


/13046
cso:

Thus the rate of increase in the
nominal remuneration per worker
in the non-agricultural sectors of
the economy, compared with the
one-year-earlier level of remu-
neration, declined from 17,9% in
the fourth quarter of 198 to 10% in
the first quarter of 1986, before
accelerating again to 14,7% in the
second quarter. Real remunera-
tion per worker in the second quar-
ter of 1986 was, however, still 6%
lower ‘i than in the second quarter of
1984.

If the inflation of the past 18
months was neither demand infla-
tion nor wage-push inflation,
what kind of inflation was it then?
What caused the consumer price
index to rise by 19,7% between
September 1985 and September

Clearly a major part of the
answer lies in the depreciation of
the rand from its relatively stable
level of around US$0,50 between
January and late July 1985 to be-
tween US$0,36 and US$0,38 during
most of the remaining part of 1985.

M oreover, unlike most other ex-

change rate depreciations, this

icular one could clearly not be

laid at the door of excess money
creation and spending.

It was caused by an outflow of

capital that occurred largely be-

3400/469

99

cause of a deterioration in over-
seas perceptions of the domestic
political and economic outlook,
which resulted in a withdrawal
foreign banks of credits to
banks and other enterprises and a
net outflow of capital in other
forms.

For this reason the yy pres-
sure exerted on the price index by
the depreciation of the rand was a
form of cost-push rather than de-
mand-pull pressure.

In these circumstances the mon-
e authorities deemed it unde-
sirable to attempt to curb the rate
of price increase by a new tighten-
ing of mon policy. Such a

itening have contributed
little to removing the underlying
causes of the exchange rate depre-
ciation and the inflation, and would
merely have delayed the domestic
economic recovery.

Curbing inflation remains a high
priority of official policy.

But when one is dealing with a
rising consumer price index which
is (exceptionally) neither the result
of excess id nor of undue
wage-push Lid ie ps the

- answer excep-
tionally) does not tein Tore re-
strictive monetary and fiscal poli-
cies.

In the months ahead the official
short-term monetary and fiscal
strategy will therefore remain
growth-orientated.



LIBERIA

BRIEFS

"NORMAL' ACTIVITIES CONTINUED--The National Muslim Council of Liberia says it
never banned the activities of the Repentant Muslims of Liberia headed by
(Abdullah Tunis). According to LINA [LIBERIAN NEWS AGENCY] quoting a National
Muslim Council press release, the council fixes the standard of propagation,
administration of oath on the Holy Koran by the Repentant Muslims of Liberia
as a means of repenting. [sentence as heard] The council further said its
decision was taken pending the submission of the council's findings and
recommendations to the vice president of Liberia. LINA further said a
complaint has been filed against the Repentant Muslims of Liberia by (Tuwah)
district Muslim organization chairman Alhaji Mohamed Sherif. The council said
the suspension of the Repentant Muslims of Liberia's activities does not
include normal religious activities and said Alhaji Sherif and his group were
warned against all acts that may provoke and disrupt Imam (Tunis) and his
Repentant Muslims. [Text] [Monrovia Domestic Service in English 1200 GMT 14
Nov 86 AB] /12913

CsO: 3400/479

35



SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

BRIEFS

BADEA TOPS UP COCOA FUNDS--Financing arrangements for the $23.7 million

project to rehabilitate the Bella Vista and Ubabudo cocoa plantations have been
completed with approval by the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
(BADEA) of a $6 million loan at its 25-26 October board meeting in Khartoum.
The loan, for 17 years, including five years' grace, is at an annual interest
rate of 5 per cent, The other major source of funding is the World Bank,

which has confirmed an International Development Association loan of $7
million (AED 1:3:86). Other co-financers include OPEC Fund for International
Development ($2.2 million), France's Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique
($1.6 million), International Fund for Agricultural Development ($1.1 million),
European Investment Bank ($1 million), US Agency for International Development
and World Food Programme ($800,000 each). Portugal's Matero and Franco-Belgian
Socfinco were appointed as managers for rehabilitation of Bella Vista and
Ubabudo respectively earlier this year. [Text][London AED in English 8 Nov

86 p 25]/12828

AIRLINE SERVICE--The recently set up Equatorial Airlines of Sao Tome &
Principe is due to start a thrice-weekly service to Libreville in November.
However, formal approval for the flights has still to be given by the Gabon
government, airline sources in Libreville say. The airline--set up as a joint
venture between the government and Luxembourg-based ITM International's
affiliate Intraco under a March agreement--has access to five aircraft,
including a Fokker F-27 taken over from defunct state-owned airline Linhas
Aereas de Sao Tome & Principe and a Hercules cargo aircraft used by Intraco
to ship supplies to Angola's diamond producer Endiama. Maintenance work

on the F-27 was recently completed in the Netherlands, enabling domestic
flights between Sao Tome and Principe islands to start in July (AED 28:6:86).
[Text][London AED in English 8 Nov 86 p 25]/12828

CSO: 3400/493

60



KANU TO WOO FOREIGN INVESTORS

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 25 Oct 86 p 3

[article by Jeremiah Aurah]

[Text]

19274
CSO:

3400/482

THE Kenya African
National Union (Kanu) is
soon to embark on an
international campaign in
which foreign investors
will be asked to invest ir
Kenya, the Kanu Secre-
tary-General, Mr. Burudi
Nabwera, disclosed in
Kisumuon Thursday night.

The move, he said, waste
be backed by the publica-
tion of a pamphlet forinter-.
national distribution
inviting investors into the
country.

Addressing wananchi at
Kisumu Social Hall where:
he lectured on the “Role of
the United Nations in
Promoting Peace in the
Third World,” Nabwera

explained that the plan was
aimed at creating more jol
opportunities for school
leavers, whose numert
have coritinued to increase
every year. .

The investors, added
Nabwera, would be asked
to Bring in foreign cyrrency
M#hile putting up theirivest-
ments, dnd wananchi
would also be given equa’,
opportunity to compete
with the foreigners.

Saying that the govern-
ment was doing everything
possible to hel B. Kenyans
succeed in business,
Nabwera urged wananchi
in Nyanza and pivestern
Provinces to usiness-
proved instead of leavin
trade in the hands o
foreigners.

31



NEW 'ELITE' FIGHTING FORCE TAKES SHAPE

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 31 Oct 86 p 5

[Text]

HARARE: With Zim-
babwe committed to

100 it support for
the Prelimo regime in

Mozambique, efforts
are under way to beef
up its military capabil-
ity.

Stnder training are
4000 recruits for an elite
Sixth Brigade to rein-
force the 41 000-strong
army.

The army’s first four
brigades were formed by
integrating combatants
from the Rhodesian
Army and the guerilla
forces of Mr Mugabe and
Mr Nkomo.

The operation was
overseen by a British
military training team
and was remarkably suc-
cessful despite initial
problems which at one
stage saw bitter fighting
between the former gue-
rilla forces.

The fifth brigade to be
formed was a controver-
sial and highly politic-
ised unit drawn almost
entirely from former
Mugabe guerillas and
trained by North Kore-
ans.

Subsequently the Brit-
ish took a hand in re-
training the unit which
had gained notoriety for

/12828
CSO: 3400/497

its ruthlessness in sup-
pressing civilian support
for dissidents in Matabe-
Jeland.

Tough

The Presidential
Guard, sometimes
wrongly referred to as
the Sixth Brigade, fol-
lowed, and also-had a
utrong political flavour.

The Sixth Brigade,
whose formation was an-
nounced by Mr Mugabe
some months ago, is
being trained on the
same lines as the tough
Parachute Group to be a
hard-hitting force com-
bining the roles of infan-
try, commandos and spe-
cialist forces. It will
eventually become a mo-
bile airborne force.

Its commander is a
former Rhodesian Afri-
can Rifles officer, Colo-
nel Lionel Dyke, holder
of the Silver Cross for
gallantry in quelling the
fighting between the for-
mer guerillas in Bula-
wayo’s Entumbane area
in 1981 when several
hundred men were
killed.

Colonel Dyke, a wiry,
crop-haired physical fit-
ness fanatic, says the se-
lection course was the
toughest he had seen and
led to many casualties,
including the death of
one recruit.

63

The first 4000 men
were chosen from thou-
sands of applicants. None
has less than five O-
levels reached after five
years of secondary edu-
cation.

Camps

Smoking, alcohol,
women and politics are
banned in the barracks.

Colonel Dyke, who
commanded Zimbabwe's
Parachute Group, said:
“Sixth Brigade is their
politics, their religion
and their family.”

The initial training is
taking place at Bula-
wayo’s Llewellin Bar-
racks and camps are
being established at
Gwayi River Mine in
northern Matabeleland.
and at Wafa Wafa near
Kariba which will each
have battalions of 1200
men.

When the men are
posted to Wafa Wafa
(where the Selous Scouts
had a training school),
they will march the last
300 kilometres across
country. Four officers
will run ahead covering
the distance in four days,
while the men will take
12 days to march to their
base.

A permanent head-
quarters is being built
for Sixth Brigade but its
location has not been
made public.

ZIMBABWE

The brigade will enen-
tually have a strength of
5.000 men.

Within a year, Colonel
Dyke says Zimbabwe
will have a fighting force
of the like not seen be-
fore in Zimbabwe.



SOUTH AFRICA

FEW FARMERS REAP BENEFITS FROM OVERFLOWING LIMPOPO RIVER

Johannesburg THE STAR (Metro) in English 6 Nov 86 p 3M

[Article by Dirk Nel]

[Text]

MESSINA — The Limpo-
po River came down in
flood this week — for
the second time in 12
months.

But only a few farmers
will be able to capital
ise on the mighty vol-
ume of water.

There is no dam in the
river, no canal system,
and a lack of proper
pumping facilities,
farmers say.

Fed mainly by the Shashi
river, after heavy rains
in Botswana, the Lim-
popo was still flowing
500m wide today in
places between: Pont
Drift and Messina.

LIKE MUSIC

“The sound of the river
lapping its banks is like
music to our ears,”
said Mr Cyril Fisher, of
River Farm, near Mes-
sina. “We haven’t had
good rains for six
months.”

Mr Fisher and his neigh

bours sometimes channel water into their lands, to
augment their electrical irrigation systems.

This time, he said, he wasn’t very successful, as the
run-off went mainly towards the Zimbabwean bank
of the river.

On the farm of Mr Johan de Villiers at Weipe,
huge pipes are being used to pump water into res-
ervoirs. Water is vital to him as he is one of South
Africa’s biggest sweetcorn producers and supplies
a nationwide chainstore throughout the year.

FILL THE VAAL DAM

“It makes you want to cry when you see all this pre-
cious water flowing to waste to the sea,” said Mr
de Villiers’s wife, Frieda, as she supervised pack-
ing operations for a waiting South African Trans-
port Services truck.

A senior Defence Force officer in the area said a
quantity surveyor had told him this week’s volume
of Limpopo water would have filled the Vaal Dam
in just 23 hours.

INVESTED R100 000

Many farmers on the northern border have invested
R100 000 and more in irrigation equipment, which
is powered by Escom.

Most of these schemes operate from boreholes near
the river.

The sight of the river in full spate made farmers and
military personnel stop in their tracks and watch in
awe. Some spent hours just enjoying the view from
high vantage points.

100


To date, assistance has included meteorological telecommunications and sup-
plies, paper, transportation, and vehicles to collect data and perform other
field services.

Most recently, the director of Mozambican Weather Services went to the Soviet
Union at the invitation of state agencies in this field. Ferreira said that
he initialed a document on the trip in which both parties reaffirmed their
desire to continue the current work program, which involves the performance of
services, research and professional training.

In the same document, Mozambique and the Soviet Union also stated their in
terest in formalizing a new cooperative program for exchanging information and
technicians and performing meteorological studies and research.

In the intermediate phase, according to Ferreira, the cooperative programs will
include the study of tropical depressions and cyclones identical to programs
already established by the Soviet Union in Cuba and Vietnam, in which Soviet
technicians are assigned to these countries to carry out detailed studies and
research into these natural phenomena.

In this regard, if results obtained from the weather radar at Beira turn out to
be helpful and necessary, and personnel training proceeds at the pace planned
(to produce as many Mozambican weather specialists as possible), our country
will acquire and install two more similar radar units in the South and the
North to provide complete coverage of the country, which will provide accurate
monitoring and warning of natural catastrophes.

Ferreira stated that everything will also depend on our economic growth, be-
cause these units are extremely expensive, although they provide invaluable aid
for agriculture and air and sea navigation. Several Soviet specialists are now
at work in the country under the auspices of this cooperative agreement between
Mozambique and the Soviet Union. Another group is scheduled to arrive in the
first half of 1987 to place the Beira radar unit in full service.

8844
CsO: 3442/28

41



COMMENTATOR'S VIEWS OF PFP MEMBERSHIP RECRUITMENT CAMPAIGN

Durban POST NATAL in English 5-8 Nov 86 p 10

Article by Ameen Akhalwaya in iew" column
y khalwaya in "My View" column]

[Text]

IT may sound pa-
tronising, but one
really doesn’t know
whether to laugh or

cry for the Progs.

They have done
sterling work in expos-
ing the many injus-
tices in this country,
and they have some
very capable members
in Parliament.

I admit I am among
those who, when the
need has arisen, have
contacted the PFP in
the hope they might
raise a particular issue
in Parliament.

But since the law for-.
bidding racially mixed
parties was scrapped,
the Progs have been ac-

- cused of scraping the
bottom of the barrel in
their bid to sign on black
members.

And they have been
accused of being politic-
ally opportunistic for
trying to recruit mem-
bers during the state of
emergency which has
not allowed extra-par-
liamentary organisa-
tions to function
properly.

In Lenasia, the strong-
hold of the Transvaal In-
dian Congress/UDF, the
Progs have come under
heavy fire from
activists.

The PFP’s Lenasia
branch chairman, Mr
Brian Sigamoney — |
whose late grandfather,
the Reverend BL Siga-
money, was a doughty
and highly respected
sports and community
leader — says he is
aware of the opportun-
ism charge levelled at
the PFP, but denies it is
true.

The PFP has to go on
functioning, he says, but
it has been placed in an
invidious position by the
state of emergency.

He says the PFP has
some 200 members in
Lenasia. But though the
Progs have described
them as “prominent,”
they have not ventured
into public. All the
same, the Progs have
had the guts to set up re-
cruiting tables in busy

83

areas. And on October
21 they held their first
public meeting in
Lenasia.

This is how things
went:

It starts in the tiny
Anglican church hall
with 24 people present.

A few minutes later
the number swells to 26.

They include Mr Siga-
money, one or two other
PFP supporters, guest
speaker Mr Rupert
Lorimer (chairman of
the PFP’s outreach
committee), two or
three apparently un-
aligned members of the
public, me, and the rest
UDF supporters, mainly
students.

The softly-spoken Mr
Sigamoney opens the
proceedings, saying it is
a “semi-public” meet-
ing. A UDF supporter
says in an aside: “To
give us their semi-baked
policies.”

Mr Sigamoney ex-
plains that the PFP is
holding similar meet-
ings in the Southern
Transvaal to speak
about the crisis in South
Africa. He introduces
Mr Lorimer.

As Mr Lorimer rises
to speak, a student rises
too, saying the crisis has

SOUTH AFRICA

arisen from the state of
emergency, which was
aimed at the UDF and
its affiliates and was re-
flected in the banning
and detentions of its
members.

“We can’t accept the
PFP, which operates in
Parliament,” says the
activist.

Mr Lorimer asks if
the activist believes in
free speech, because
“freedom is indivisible”.

Amida welter of in-
terjections, the activist
says: “With certain con-
ditions, yes, but not
while our leaders are on
Robben island or banned
or jailed while the PFP
has free reign.” *

Another member of
the audience then stands
up to say he has come to
listen to Mr Lorimer,
and demands that the
PFP official be given a
chance to speak. He is
ignored.

The activist, speaking
on behalf of his col-
leagues, then speaks
about the roles and
views of a couple of con-
troversial PFP mem-
bers such as MP Mr
Horace van Rensburg.

Mr Lorimer gives an
explanation, but that
does not satisfy the



helped by the common rail gauge through-
out this part of Africa, which allows the
operation of through services, “although
wagon allocations and interchange Tequire-
ments occasionally bedevil the smooth op-
eration of such services.”

For the time being, the administrators of
South Africa's ports appear confident of
their continuing importance to the repub-
lic's neighbours. Durban's port director,
Captain Peter Cox, was recently quoted as
saying that sanctions would take “five or six
years" to affect the port.

Plans are now under way, both through
SADCC and elsewhere, to improve and
upgrade alternative facilities which would
ease this dependence. “There is little
doubt," WTC says, “that most countries
would benefit by an upgrading of their
tail facilities... foreign investment has
already become noticeable in the provision
of locomotives and rolling stock.”

A closer look at the major road and rail
connections of the region gives both an idea
of the potential for avoiding dependence on
South African transport and of the amount of
work necessary to bring services up to the
level required to provide an economic
routing.

KENYA: Mombasa port has been mod-
emised and an inland clearance depot (ICD)
established at Embakasi near Nairobi. At
present the ICD is underused, largely be-
cause the advantages of inland clearance
have yet to be fully appreciated, WTC says.
Transit cargoes move through Mombasa,
which acts as a gateway for Uganda, Rwan-
da and eastem Zaire — serving mainly the
coffee producing regions. Burundi is also a
major user of Mombasa, although it can also
take advantage of the rail link running from
Dar es Salaam to Kigoma port on Lake
Tanganyika, where goods are transhipped
on to barges.

TANZANIA: Dar es Salaam port relies
heavily on the Tanzania-Zambia Railway
Authority (Tazara) line to transport cargo to
Zambia, but both railway and port can be
unreliable because of lack of spare parts due
to foreign exchange shortages. Charges on
the railway can vary dramatically and at
short notice. Dar is the natural outlet for
Burundi and is also used by Rwanda and
southern Zaire. Uganda has also made use of

this gateway via Tabora and Mwanza by rail
and barge across Lake Victoria, with road
connections on to Kampala. The lake traffic
is carried in motorised barges with capacity
for 20-foot containers.

ZAMBIA: The Tazara railway is considered
vital and is built to the same gauge as the
Zambian railways, making through move-
ments relatively easy.

MALAWI: The natural outlets are Nacala
and Beira in Mozambique; Nacala has been
designated by the government as the prin-
cipal route for containerised traffic. This
connection has, however, been all but se-
vered by MNR action and it is expected to
take several years to restore it to full opera-
tion, despite upgrading work now under
way. The railway to Beira has not been used
for some time because of rebel damage, but
repair work is planned. The alternative route
uses Dar es Salaam, with transhipment from
toad to rail at Mbeya on Tazara, where a
container depot has been set up with over-
seas aid. From Mbeya, containers move by
toad to Chilumba on Lake Malawi and by
steamer or barge to Chipoka on the lake's
southem tip. On-carriage is by either road or
rail. Freight forwarders believe this route
will become increasingly important in the
longer term.

ZIMBABWE: The country is served by
Beira by way of Mutare to Harare with block
trains that connect with roll-on, roll-off ships
deployed by the Southern Africa Europe
Container Service shipping lines. Disruption
of Mozambican routes by guerrilla activity
initially led to increased road and rail volume
through South Africa, notably the container
trains between Harare and Durban. The
government has made clear its commitment
to keeping open the Beira corridor — with its
rail, road and oil pipeline links — not least by
despatching troops to Mozambique to pro-
tect the route

BOTSWANA: Part of the Southern African
Customs Union, the country relies almost
entirely on South Africa's rail, road and port
system. Traditionally, its shipments have
centred on Port Elizabeth but have in-
creasingly shifted to Durban and Johannes-
burg, where advantage can be taken of
block container trains. Beef exports at pre-
sent depend on cold storage facilities at
Cape Town.


MALAWI

Northern Link Gears Up To Provide Alternate Trade Route
(AED, 8 Nov 86) ceccceccecccceccscecesseecesccceecsccceeee

MOZAMBIQUE

U.S. Right, Left Views on Nation Caricaturized
(Simon Barber; BUSINESS DAY, 4 Nov 86) coccoccceeseccoseco

Weather Radar To Aid Navigation: Soviet Cooperation Cited
(NOTICIAS, 18 Oct 86) oeeccceecscceccecceecscecceescccevee

Chissano Reportedly Favors Use of Cuban Troops
(THE CITIZEN, 5 Nov 86) cccocceecccecceceevcescseececcescs

British Military Attache Urges Improved Logistical Support
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 Oct 86) coecoeeece cocccccoeece

RSA's Malan Said To Be Preparing 'Gordian Knot’ Against Region
(Carlos Cardoso; NOTICIAS, 10 Nov 86) ..occoeeceeescccccee

Gaza Governor Accuses RSA of Causing Unemployment
(Bento Niquice; NOTICIAS, 14 Oct 86) ..ecccsceccesescecece

Southern Provinces To Benefit From Italian Hand Pumps
(NOTICIAS, 18 Oct 86) ..

Cooperative Union Begins Irrigation Services
(NOTICIAS, 11 Nov 86) ..

Briefs
Cooperation With Czech Journalists
Provinces Receive Food Aid
Country Voted Head of ESAMRDC

NIGER
Briefs
IMF Loan
EEC Funds Irrigation
IDB Technical Assistance
NIGERIA

NAN May Close Foreign Bureaus To Save Money
(Lagos Domestic Service, 14 Nov 86) cccsscoesssesceoescscs

Briefs
Argentine Envoy on Falklands Initiative

36

37

40

42

43

44

48

50

52

54
54
54

56

56

56

57

59



Since the credibility of both
rests upon their own testimony and

the alleged utterances of
Dilakama and his putative lieu-
tenants, the dispute is not easily

resolved. :
__ All that can be said is that Sera-
a at Howard Uni-

piao,

versity in Washin does have

milfde, having registered hm
having him-

self with the Justice Department

as Renamo’s lobbyist.

It is a sparse filling, giving Gor-

as the employer's address,
but little more. Money is not men-
tioned, that the regis-
trant is not paid and therefore not,
in any provable sense, an agent.

In fact, the only proof the docu-
meatso offer that iad. is who he
says an append hewspa-
per clipping that describes hi
quarrel with Vilankulu.

Perhaps it is churlish to seek
objective fact when the real issue
is fighting communists who, we all
know, are systemic fabricators,
Our lies are axiomatically better
that their lies, also truer. it, at

any Fate, seems tobe the operating

iple of the Right when it
comes to Mozambique.

Revie the Washington
Times, the chief shop window for
untrammelled cold-warriordom,
one comes away with the impres-
sion that Renamo is a government
in waiting which already controls
vast tracts of territory.

The only reason that the happ
accident of Samora Machel’s deat
has not translated Mozambique
into a sunlit upland of Jeffersonian
democracy, it is inferred, is that
the demonic crypto-Marxists in
the State Department have poured
their poison in Ronald Reagan’s
ear. Here is a sample, this one
written by columnist Ralph de To-
ledano, a new Africa hand.

“If the deaths in a plane crash of
President Samora Machel and oth-
er senior officials of Mozambique’s
communist government lead to its
overthrow Renamo, the pro-
Western forces, it will come as a
shattering blow to Assistant Secre-
tary of State for Africa Chester
Crocker ...

38

elt.

“The Mozambican communists
have barely held on to power only
because of the muscle supplied by
10000 troops from Ziababwe,
2000 Cubans, 1000 Soviets, 500
East Germans and thousands of
other personnel from the Soviet

loc.

‘T

he Mozambican army is

equipped with Soviet MiG-17s and
iG-21s, AK-47 rifles, Soviet heli-

copter gunships, T-55 tanks, etc,

ete — the Kremlin some
US$1 000m. troops sent in by
Marxist President Rol Mugabe,

however, are bogged down in what
is being described as a ‘Zimbab-
wean Vietnam’.”

News of the Nkomati Accord,
tattered though it might latterly
be, has evidently not reached De
Toledano, nor the fact that Machel,
a rarity among his fellow Front-
line leaders, did not devote his fi-
nal years to rhetorically trashing
either the West or SA, nor even
that some quite respectable non-
wimp Euro) , efly the Brit-
ish, are tying help Maputo out
of the horrenc mess it has quite
openly admitted it created for its-

‘No, what matters to De Tole-
dano are the lovingly listed hard-
ware and the commie personnel
who always seem to come in such
nice round numbers. Plus the fact
that this is a great opportunity for
the so-called Reagan Doctrine to
make the Soviets and their sup-
posed allies suffer what America
suffered in Indo-China.

It would be interesting to know
where the author and fellow
believers, for such they are, utterly
bereft of empirical data, get their
exciting numbers and their confi-
dent assumptions that Renamo
runs most of the country.

Certainly it is not American in-
telligence, which on the subject of
Mozambique is ‘all but non-exis-
tent. Rather more likely, the ulti-
mate source is a mixture of the

fervid Serapiao/Vilankulu imagi-
nation and General Magnus Malan
and his boys, all of whom are far
too interested to be believed. by
any, but the most prone ears.
‘ortunately, Renamo’s warlords
are not going to get accorded the


POLICE BUYS FORMER FORD PRODUCTION PLANT

Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 14 Nov 86 p 6

[article by Barbara Orpen]

[Text]

THE former Ford pro-
duction plant at Struan-
dale has been sold to the
South African Police.

It was the site which
the Port Elizabeth Mu-
nicipality refused to re-
zone for educational pur-
poses because it was
considered to be prime
industrial land.

An application from
Vista University to erect
a permanent campus on
the site was turned down
by the Land Usage Com-
mittee after the City
Council’s development
working group had
reported that “the loss of
such land for industrial
purposes could prove to
be a severe blow to the
economy of Port
Elizabeth”.

Mr Bill Williams, chief
estates officer in the
Town Clerk’s Depart-
ment, said the SAP pur-
chase of the property was
not subject to the munici-
pal rezoning regulations.

“Government bodies
are not bound by rezon-
ing,” he said.

/12828
CSO: 3400/492

‘The site was sold to the
SAP for an undisclosed
amount and will be used
to house the reaction unit,
which has already started
moving in.

“Because the SAP area
Government body, we
have no say over their
purchases — we operate
at the third tier level,” Mr
Williams said.

“It is unfortunate that
the land is not being used
for industrial purposes.
The muncipality is al-
ways reluctant to see in-
dustrial land being used
for other purposes.

“Industrial property is
a scarce commodity and
in view of the fdct that we
are trying to attract in-
dustry to the area, we al-
ways try and keep the
land for its original

purposes.

“For this reason the
request by Vista to use
that land for ecucational
purposes was turned
down.”

Professor Mike: Levin,
Director of the PE
campus of Vista Universi-
ty, said it was no use “cry-

69

ing over spilt milk”.

He said Vista’s campus
was on a 1,78-hectare site
which had been leased on
a temporary basis. There
was an urgent need to ex-
pand the facilities

He added, however,
that prospects of obtain-
ing land on the Mission-
vale side of the Uitenhage
Road looked promising
and as soon as the go-
ahead had been given
building could start.

“Because of our limited
facilities, we have had to
restrict our numbers to
700 students. This restric-
tion will now have to re-
main in force next year.

“Although we are not
under too much pressure
to expand immediately,
we will be as soon asa full
matric class .writes final
exams.”.

@The Northern Areas
Land Matters Committee
has recommended the re-
zoning of a 20-hectare site
at the Johnson Road-
Uitenhage Road intersec-
tion in Missionvale for
sale to Vista at a price of
R135 000.

SOUTH AFRICA



You will have in your files many reports indicat-
ing the curruption, inefficiency and also no doubt
the brutality of individual Frelimo officials, But do
not underestimate the dogged staying power of a
movement that has had to live with a state of war
since its inception a quarter of a century ago.

At the time of the signing of the Nkomati accord
there were some leading members of the Party who
argued that rather than accept such a humiliating
agreement, it would be better to take to the bush
and resume the guerrilla war. Do you want to find
the SADF being drawn into counter-insurgency
operations in Mozambique?

The second factor you seem to ignore is that of
Renamo’s competence. Some guerrilla movements
can develop into astonishingly powerful and effec-
tive governments: Mao and the Chinese Commu-
nists showed that in China, Fidel Castro and his
followers proved the same in Cuba. Renamo has
shown its competence in a negative sense — as a
destroyer of the country’s infrastructure. Political-
ly it looks like a rag-bag of a movement, which
would never have got off the ground without the
support it received first from Rhodesian intelli-
gence and later from your own department.

Finally, supposing that Renamo did succeed in
raising its flag in Maputo, have you tried to work
out how the rest of the world would react?

With Frelimo still claiming to be the country’s
legitimate government from its base in the bush,
and with Renamo widely regarded as no more than
a South African puppet, it is doubtful whether any
Western governments would accord it even de facto
recognition.

I; countries both in the Western and the Eastern
blocs were.to step up their military aid both to
Frelimo and to Zimbabwe, the SADF might find
itself having to fight on yet another front. And as in
Angola and Namibia, this would be a front with no
quick victories.

All in all, then, the policy you are reported to

/12828

CsO: 3400/498

78

cate looks not merely dangerous, a cause of
greater violence and confusion, but also ultimately
if-defeating. .
“you have another option. Go back to the strict
letter of the Nkomati Accord. Stop giving military
support to Renamo. Give the Mozambique govern-
ment whatever assistance you can afford in helping
to rebuild its battered economy. Renew the con-
tracts of Mozambique miners. And certainly use
whatever diplomatic influence you can to make it
possible for Renamo rebels and Mozambican
igrés to return.

ergot words, do no more than try to re-estab-
lish civilized relations between sovereign states.
Follow that line of policy and you will find yourself
less distracted by external issues from attending to
what must be your dominant concern — the inter-
nal state of South Africa. de

“It is politics which begets war. Politics repre-
sents the intelligence, war merely the instrument,
not the other way round. The only possible course
in war is to subordinate the military viewpoint to
the political.”

May I end by commending these words to your
attention. They come from the work of one of the
great military philosophers of all time, Karl von
Clausewitz. They strike me as being particularly
applicable to the situation in which you find your-
self.


061085

JPRS-SSA-86-125
30 DECEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

|

| REPRODUCED BY
] U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE |
| NATIONAL TECHNICAL, ae
] INFORMATION SERVICE eo4 aS

_SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 i “ s Biya oe 15



ORGANIZATIONS FEED

SOUTH AFRICA

HUNCRY IN PORT ELIZABETH TOWNSHIPS

Walmer Township Soup Kitchen

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 8 Nov 86 p 8

[Article by Mike Mabusela]

[Text]

WALMER TOWNSHIP, un-
like others, has a soup kit-
chen to serve its needy and
old people.

At a small building, built
for this purpose near the
township’s entrance, pre-
school children and old
people get their food par-
cels, bread, peanut butter
and soup daily.

The Walmer Location
Soup Kitchen has been sup-
plying the needy there
since 1950.

A spokesman for the
centre said they had re-
ceived grants from the
Community Chest, World
Vision, Firestone, Walmer
Round Table and others.

@Mrs Glynis Baer, re-
gional director of Opera-
tion Hunger, said the organ-
isation was handing out
parcels to the needy at 21
different points in the town-
ships, with the exception of
Motherwell, where they
were yet to establish the
system.

She declined to say
where these points were.

“Here people are given
parcels comprising of

mealie meal and soup mix-
ture every two weeks,” she

said.

But the organisation had
yet to decide whether to es-
tablish soup kitchens in the
African townships.

She expressed the fear
that the number of needy
people could soon rise, with
increasing numbers of
people unemployed.

Operation Hunger was
currently feeding 161000
people — 23 000 families —
in PE African townships.

A committee of 11 has

been elected by the needy
people to help them.
__ The only one she named
is newly appointed Opera-
tion Hunger field worker
Mr Thabo Jonas.

Mrs Baer said local trad-
ers, all members of the
East Cape African Cham-
ber of Commerce, had
helped transport food into
the townships.

Operation Hunger was

now appealing to groups of
people who could offer help
to phone Mrs Baer at
ow 391566.
__ @ The Black Sash office
in Port Elizabeth has also
played a major role in se-
curing food for needy
People in the African town-
ships.

104

Mrs Cathy Binnell, of
Black Sash, said they had
supplied food parcels to el-
derly people in TB Huis,
Red Location. Some town-
ship residents had helped
transport the parcels.

Recently they were
given a donation by the Ur-
ban Foundation to build a
big shack where soup and
parcels would be served to
the old people of TB Huis.


KENYA

Artisans Being Recruited for Libya

(GHANAIAN TIMES, 28 Oct 86) .eccccccccccccccccscccecceccs

Jehovah's Witness Members Face Ban

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 29 Oct 86) csssscecscecccececces

Producer Palm Fruit, Oil Prices Reduced

(Rosemary Ardayfio; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 16 Oct 86)

Sheanut: High Hopes for Cocoa Alternative

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 Oct 86) osecoecssceccscecceees

Good Cotton Harvest Expected This Year

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 28 Oct 86) wocecessecceevocccces

Program To Assist Citrus Production Developed

Briefs

(Kweku Tsen; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 29 Oct 86) cescocece

GDR Cement Deliveries
Bumper Harvest for Upper West
Rubber Exports to Romania

Austria's Trade Assistance Outlined

(THE SUNDAY TIMES, 26 Oct 86) cocccccccocceccceeeesooccec

Moi Addresses Nation on Kenyatta Day, Urges Productivity

(Daniel arap Moi; DAILY NATION, 21 Oct 86) ..occcccccoece

Commerce Minister on Indigenously Owned Businesses

(THE KENYA TIMES, 24 Oct 86) weossceesscoeesecceseoessooe

KANU To Woo Foreign Investors

Coffee

(Jeremiah Aurah; THE KENYA TIMES, 25 Oct 86) ceceecceeeoo

Farmers Threaten To Withhold Deliveries
(Mutegi Njau, Samuel Nduati; DAILY NATION, 25 Oct 86) soo

Planning Minister on Inflation, Food Production, Employment

LIBERIA

Briefs

Briefs

(Irungu Ndirangu; DAILY NATION, 29 Oct 86) .wcoesecesceeso

Naval Visit to Seychelles
Badea Road Construction Assistance
EEC Food Aid

"Normal" Activities Continued
-b-

19

20

22

23

24

25

25

26

27

30

31

32

33

34
34

35


Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 8 Nov 86 p 8

[Text]

Many Take To Self-Employment

AS necessity is the mother of invention, so unemployment
in Port Elizabeth’s townships has taught many people to
be self-supporting.
One of them is Mr Victor Dinana Mangani, 32, of Zwide.
He was forced to leave school after a relative paying his
fees lost his job.

Mr Dingani first began to earn a living selling vege-
tables.

But he is now selling the caps, dresses, trousers and
lumber jackets he makes in his backyard shack in Zwide,
where he lives with his wife, Nofanele, and their three-
month-old baby.

Another making it through the tough times is Mrs
Margie Ngece, who has been selling second-hand clothes
since leaving her job in 1960.

She has educated her five children, one of whom is a
teacher. :

Mrs Nobuntu Zihle is selling fat-cakes (amagwinya)
like proverbial hot cakes to township youths. She is sup-
porting seven children.

Mr France Ndamase, of Kwazakele, lost his job in 1974,
but he had been able to support his wife Nobelungu and
five children by teaching himself to become a barber. He
charges R1,20c a time.

Selling baked fish is Mrs NomaXhosa Mgudlandlu’s
business,

She has been doing this for the last four years since
losing her job as a domestic worker in Walmer. She lives
in Soweto with three children.

“Since learning to support myself, I have also been

supporting my family,” she said.

Few Soup Kitchens in Townships

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 8 Nov 86 p 8

[Article by Mike Mabusela]

[Text]
DESPERATE and hun-
gry people in Port Eliz-
abeth’s townships no
longer have even soup
kitchens to give them a
half-decent meal each
day.

I know. I pretended
to be such a person this
week and trudged the
streets of New Brigh-
ton, Zwide and Kwa-
zakele looking for a
soup kitchen after get-
ting requests for help
from the desperate, the
unemployed and the
just plain hungry.

They said they had
nowhere to go to find
food.

Was this possible in
1986 in a developed
country?

I set out to discover
for myself and must
report, sadly, that it is
true.

Numerous people
said they had heard that
some food parcels had
been distributed.

None knew for sure
and no-one had been
able to establish the dis-
tribution points,

I could not establish
if it was true that at
times one of the
churches in Kwazakele
handed out food par-
cels.

No-one could con-
firm this — and there
was nobody at the
church or the mission
house to give informa-
tion.

I met a lot of people
who are now forced to
beg. Some of them were
acquaintances, who
asked me to give them
at least Rl to buy a loaf
of bread for the family.

105

I helped one, who
helped me to under-
stand how difficult it
was to be an unem-
Ployed father,

Exhausted, I re-
turned home, knowing a
little of what it was like
to be an unemployed
and desperate father,
unable to get something
to eat for himself or his
family.

Luckily for me, it
was only for one day.
For others, it’s every
day,



AUSTRIA'S TRADE ASSISTANCE OUTLINED

Nairobi THE SUNDAY TIMES in English 26 Oct 86 p 15

[Text]

THE year 1986 marks a
special event for the
Austrian. Trade Commis-
sion. 30 ‘years ago, in the
year 1956, even betore the

Embassy was established, .

an Austrian. Trade _Com-
missioner's office started
its activities in the then
East African Community.

In these 30 years, the
Austrian Trade com-
mission, located in Nairobi,
anA

In_ these 30. years, the
Austrian Trade Com-
mission, located in Nairobi,
has not only beenacentreof
Many ‘contacts ta foster
trade relations between
Austrian suppliers ‘and
Kenyan customers, but it
equally. assisted Kenyan
companies to start
business with Austria.

A regular feature of the
Austrian-Kenyan trade
relations is. the Trade
Commissions: _participa-
tion in the Nairobi
International Trade Show.
Although this year the
PTA-member. countries
pavilion was the highlight
of the Nairobi ~ Show,
Austria’s traditional
pavilion ‘attracted’ large
crowds.

19274
cso: 3400/481

The volume. of. trade
between the two countries
in 1985 increased signifi-

cantly and reached about.

145 million \U: lars, of
which Austria's ‘exports
amounted to youghly 88
million, US-dollars. Paper
and papet products,
pharmaceuticals and their
components represent a
large part of Austria's
exports,

Machineries, for exam-
ple Steyr tractors,
supplied by their agent
Bhogal’s Garage, wood and
metal working machines
from -Emco, represented
by Messrs. Lagutrop
Nairobi, are included in
these figures. Messrs.
Kulima Management
Services Nairobi. succes-
fully introduced - Poly-
felt, a geotextile supplied
by Chemie Linz AG, to the
Kenyan market. Messrs.
Kulima also offer another
praduct by Chemie LinzAg,
named Fertilinz, a fertilizer.
pill which is a solution to
Coffee growers, if their soil
lacks nutrition for the
young trees. The Coffee
Research Institute recom-
mends its use.

But Austria is not onlyan
exporter of products. to
Kenya. An Austrian

26

KENYA

company is also partner in
the Agro Chemical and
Food Company (ACFC)
Ltd., which produces yeast
and power alcohol in
Muhoroni. The power
alcohol is used to
supplement the imported
oil products. The brand
name Gasohol is now quite
popular to the motorists in
enya.

Kenya's exports to
Austria.are mainly
agricultural products,
dominated by coffee and
natural fibres. The deficit
in the trade balance for
Kenya is amply covered by
the expenditures of the
growing -numbers -of
Austrian tourists, who are
regular visitors of Kenya's
beautiful beaches and
National Parks.

Austria considers that
there are ample opportuni-
ties. to expand trade and
economic co-operation with
Kenyainmany sectors, asit
would be in. Yine with the
intensification of relations
in the political field.

Kenya's admirable
economic performance and
the growing importance of
Kenya in the Preferential
Trade Area will be a good
basis for common efforts.


HOME PATROL FIRMS PROLIFERATE IN JOHANNESBURG

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Nov 86 p 9

[Text]

BURGLARS are not the only ones
jumping on the crime bandwagon —
some 25 to 30 home patrol firms have
set up shop in Johannesburg. Three
years ago there were none.

Home patrols have become fash-
ionable in the northern suburbs
where, security experts say, they are
carving a niche in a society that no
longer trusts police protection.

But police disagree. When asked if
police have lost control of the sur-

urbs because of the large forces be-
ing deployed in the townships, an SAP
spokesman avoided the question.

“It is so that the unrest situation

laces an extra burden on the SAP,”
le spokesman said. He said the du-
ties of security firms “differ vastly”
from those of the SAP’ and that pri-
vate firms could never take over po-
lice duties. :

Security industry executives are
not convinced. They point to the small
number of policemen per population

in SA as an ideal spawning ground for
both crime and private security
forces. The SAP admit there are only
1,6 policemen per 1 000 citizens in SA
against the Western norm of six to 10
per 1000.

Jeremy Frere, who pioneered the
First Force patrol at Fidelity Guards,
explains: “The.existence of the urban
guerrilla has allowed these tactics
into the home situation.”

He says homeowners, particularly
in Johannesburg’s northern suburbs,
realise the police are overworked and

/12828
CSO: 3400/499

have logically turned to home patrols
make fogulal ngit inspections
make re, ni ions o}
homes and promise to be on location
within four minutes if an alarm is set
off at a residence.

The head of Unisa’s criminalogy
department, Professor T J Van Heer-
den, says the rise in private security
is merely “the old idea of collective
security” in a new form.

John Hammill, director of Prit~
chards Services Group SA, says pri-
vate enterprise has seen a gap in the
market and exploited it.

But some observers $ question whe-
ther it is the res; ity of the po-
lice or private cit to ensure safe-

Elaine Barsotti, MD of Johannes-
burg’s first patrol service, Sandton
Sentry Security, argues patrol ser-
vices are not unique to » She says
rising suburban crime is “not
fault of the police but of the baddies”.

But the vice-president of the Secur-
ity Association of SA, Gerd Cruywa-

en, says the unwillingless of the po-
lice to respond to alarms has paved
the way for security firms.

Police no longer monitor private
alarm systems because 80% of call-
outs are false alarms. A high work-
load has also played a role.

85

SOUTH AFRICA



SACC, HINDU GROUP DEFEND MUSLIMS IN PROTEST

Durban POST NATAL in English 5-8 Nov 86 p

[Text] THE SA Council of Churches (SACC) has paid

tribute to Muslims for their part in the strug-
gle for “justice, peace and freedom in South
Africa”, and the South African Hindu Dharma
Sabha has defended Islam as a “pure reli-
gion”.

The SACC’s view was contained in a message to a
meeting in Lenasia at the weekend ‘arranged by the
‘Call of Islam” organisation to protest against the
NGK synod’s declaration of Islam as a “false reli-
gion”.

The message from SACC general secretary, Dr

Beyers Naude, said:
behalf of the SACC and
its member ckurches I
wish to assure you of our
wholehearted. support in
your well justified pro-
test. The statement by
the general synod of the
Dutch Reformed Church
that Islam is a ‘false reli-
gion’ speaks of such con-
tempt and disregard for
the feelings of our Mus-
lim sisters and brothers
in this country that we
are appalled and ex-
tremely. distressed. We
want:'to assure you that
we are very deliberately
taking distance from this
derogatory resolution.
“Finally,” said Dr
Naude, “we want to pay
tribute to Muslims, past
and present, for their

/12828

CSO: 3400/499

participation in the
struggle for justice,
peace and freedom in
South Africa.”

Dr Allan Boesak, of the
Sendingskerk and presi-
dent of the World Alli-
ance of Reformed
Churches, said in a mes-
sage to the meeting: “We
stand by the call of Islam
and the Muslim commu-
nity in this hour of hurt
— a deliberate and cal-
lous hurt because the
Muslims have taken up
their rightful role in the
struggle for justice in our
country. Let the NGK re-
pent for 40 years of sin,
for so stubbornly holding

80

7

on to false version of
Christianity.”

Other organisations

that sent messages of
support included the
UDF-affiliated Transvaal
Indian Congress and
Jews for Justice.
@ In Durban, the South
African Hindu Dharma
Sabha defended Islam,
saying it was a “pure re-
ligion”.

President Mr Ram Ma
haraj said the NGK’s at-
tack was “fanning the
flames of religious hostil-
ity in an already sadly
fragmented South Afri-
ca”,

Mr Maharaj said the

SOUTH AFRICA

attack was not only un-
warranted, but also base-
less.

Professor Syed Salman
Nadvi, head of the De-
partment of Islamic Stu-
dies at the University of
Durban Westville, said
the NGK’s resolution was
not only destructive, but
it also failed to promote
mutual understanding for
inter-racial and religious
tolerance.

He said he was as-
tounded by the synod’s
claim that any religion
which did not regard
Jesus Christ as a Saviour
was to be denounced and
regarded as “false”.


ANGOLA

SECRECY SURROUNDS DEATH OF EMBASSY EMPLOYEE IN LISBON
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 4 Oct 86 pp 1, 24

[Text] The judicial police are investigating the circumstances surrounding the
death last August of a security employee at the Embassy of the People's Republic
of Angola in Lisbon, Venancio Luis (Gordurosa), as EXPRESSO learned from an
official source.

The Angolan Ambassador to Lisbon assured EXPRESSO that Venancio Luis had died in
a Lisbon hospital, a cancer victim, showing us various documents (medical reports
and a death certificate) attesting to his claim; but, nevertheless, strong rumors
have been circulating about the possibility of the employee's having been a
murder victim.

Information procured from several police sources and others associated with the
~Angolan community in Lisbon indicate that Gordurosa appeared to have died from
strangulation at the bottom of the Tagus River, under the Almeirim bridge.
Yesterday, the judicial police informed us officially that an "investigation"

is under way in that police agency of the death of the Angolan citizen, Venancio
Luis, which took place "at a Lisbon hospital," while the results of the required

autopsy are being awaited.

The fact that this investigation process exists and an autopsy has been request—
ed of the corpse has raised suspicions about the case, and lent some credibility
to the rumors of! the criminal origin of the death.

Venancio Luis was a long-standing cadre of Holden Roberto's FNLA, who was later
"recovered" for the MPLA. He was also security chief for the RPA's former
ambassador in Lisbon, Adriano Sebastiao; but he returned to Angola because of
differences with the latter regarding the methods used in his defense. Later,
he reportedly returned to Portugal at the order of the current diplomatic
representative, Mawete Batista.

Meanwhile, the magazine AFRICA CONFIDENCIAL, published in Lisbon, reported
Venancio Luis' death in its latest issue, in a.section on “espionage in Angola"
(see page 10), in which reference was made to various dismissals or transfers
of personnel connected with the Angolan Embassy in Lisbon, linking them with
"activities in the area of espionage."


MOZAMBIQUE

SOUTHERN PROVINCES TO BENEFIT FROM ITALIAN HAND PUMPS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 18 Oct 86 p 3

[Text] Four hundred hand pumps designed to lift water from deep wells at a
rate of 3,000 liters per hour each, valued at about $600 million, were deli-
vered yesterday by the Italian government under its emergency aid program for
the Angolan people and government.

The gift will benefit some 100,000 people in Inhambane, Gaza and Maputo pro-
vinces. The decision was made in favor of these three provinces because of
serious water-supply problems there due to the drought, which has deprived the
people of their normal water supply, forcing them to resort to rivers and
other sources.

Poor weather conditions have led to a prolonged drought over several years in
a row to the point that water-supply systems now depend solely on wells, and
there are so few that it has not been possible to implement a program calling
for one water well for every 500 families.

Engineer Alvarinho, UDAAS director, who took delivery of the Italian gift, said
that the pumps would alleviate the water~supply problem for rural dwellers in
the southern part of the country, especially residents of Gaza and Inhambane
provinces, where installation of the pumps will be given highest priority.

Enough pumps will be made available immediately to GEOMOC to install one at
every well the company is drilling in those provinces so that people in that
water-short area can begin using them at once.

Alvarinho said that the hand pumps are ideal for alleviating and solving the
water-supply problem in rural areas, especially now that great population
displacement, whether due to the drought or the war, is demanding that the
water sector find fast solutions to problems as they occur, such as in new
communal villages growing up as a result of displacement.

In expressing gratitude for the gift, which he described as most welcome and
helpful, especially at a time when the country is undergoing various hardships
which make it impossible to import parts to repair existing wells or pumps to
equip new wells, Alvarinho stated that the Mozambican government, working
through the water sector, would immediately make every effort to get these
pumps in service to start supplying the people with water.

50

ee a ee On mn a eee Cone


SOUTH AFRICA

PUBLIC, PRIVATE SECTORS EYE WAYS OF COPING WITH SANCTIONS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 11 Nov 86 p 17

{Article by Stephen Rogers]

[Text]

WITH the sanctions net drawin;
tighter around SA, government an
many private bodies are presently
exploring various means to circum-
vent these punitive measures.

Pat Corbin, president of the Johannes-
burg Chamber of Commerce, believes,
however, that we may be premature in
drawing conclusions on the effects of
sanctions.

“Although a lot of sanctions legisla-
tion has been passed (in Europe and
America) we do not yet know how puni-
tive the final laws will be in practice.”

This was illustrated recently when
Denmark voted to ban trade links with

However, Danish firms were given a
six-month period to adjust, and those
heavily dependant on goods may
apply for an exemption period of up to
two years.

“If we take the orginal EC proposals
to: ban coal exports there are still too
many questions unanswered. Will it af-
fect current contracts? How will it af-
fect quasi-government bodies that have
contracts with SA?”

“Furthermore, the element of self in-

- terest must be taken into account. West

Germany is showing considerable oppo-
sition to the proposed ban because she is
a major customer, while other countries
not affected are making renewed sanc-
tions demands.”

But most people believe it is inevita-
ble some form of effective multi-lateral
sanctions will be implemented, What ef-
fect will this have on the SA economy?

“Sanctions — which will concentrate
piimarily on our exports — will deprive

of vital foreign exchange earnings,”
says Corbin.

92

Exporters are already subject to “in-
formal” sanctions and have lost orders,
been forced to export at lower prices or
to provide special terms and conditions
in order to retain markets, as foreign
customers levy a political discount on
SA goods.

Exports to the US and Scandinavian
countries have been particularly affect-
ed in this manner.

Furthermore, although the fall in the
rand has assisted exporters, this advan-
tage has been negated by exporters be-
ing required to give extended credit
terms to retain markets.

As the rand starts to rise and with SA’s
relatively high inflation so exports will
further lose their competitive edge.

The restriction on exports through
sanctions — formal and informal — will
lead to a shortage of foreign exchange.

Not only will this reduce SA’s ability to
import but will also, in all likelihood,
lead to government tighting its control
on an already highly regulated economy.

Measures may be introduced to regu-
late imports, the allocation of foreign
exchange, and ultimately the means of
allocation of scarce resources in the eco-
nomy. -

Financial sanctions — which caused
an outflow of foreign capital and result-
ed in the foreign debt standstill — have
already retarded economic growth. Fur-
thermore, it-has been estimated multi-
lateral sanctions will result in over one-
million jobs being lost, primarily in
export-related industries.

Another effect sanctions have already
had is the draining of confidence from
the business community.

How then does SA cope with the sanc-
tions threat?



MANGOPE SAYS SANCTIONS HURTING BLACKS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Nov 86 p 4

[Text]

/13046
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MUNICH. — The:

President of Bophu-
thatswana yesterday
condemned Western
sanctions against Pre-
toria, saying they were
slowing up the process
of social reform.

Pres Lucas Mangope
said at a seminar organis-
ed by the conservative
Hanns-Seidel Foundation
that economic measures
against the South African
leadership were proving
counter-productive and
hurting the majority
Blacks.

“The sanctions move-
ment against South Africa
has unfortunately diver-
ted the government in
Pretoria from reforms
which were already in
progress,” he said.

Pres Mangope said that

3400/471

71

reforms were only poss-
ible in an economically
healthy South Africa.

He accused Western
firms withdrawing from
South Africa in protest
against apartheid of leav-
ing Black workers with-
out support after earning
huge profits for years by
paying them low wages.

Pres Mangope,
branded a puppet of Pre-
toria by most African
leaders, said apartheid
had left Black South Afri-
cans with enormous gaps
in their education and de-
velopment and called for
the elimination of the sys-
tem as soon as possible.

The Hanns-Seidel
Foundation is close to the
Christian Social Union
(CSU), which is headed
by Bavarian Leader Franz
Josef Strauss and is part
of the coalition govern-
ment in Bonn. — Sapa-
Reuter.

SOUTH AFRICA



COFFEE FARMERS THREATEN TO WITHHOLD DELIVERIES

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 25 Oct 86 pp 1, 24

[Article by Mutegi Njau and Samuel Nduati]

[Text]

Coffee: farmers have threatened
not to deliver the 1986/87 coffee
crop to the Kenya’ Planters
Co-operative Union
(KPCU). for’ milling unless the
Government withdraws a newly
introduced payment system.

‘The new system, issued recen-
tly by the Coffee Board of Kenya,
stipulates that farmers will be
paid in four equal instalments
from the year’s pool, the
payments to be at. pre-
determined rates.

Farmers have been getting an
initial payment on delivery to the
KPC. Afterwards they are paid
milling payments.

‘Phe KPCU managing director.
Mr -Henry Kinyua, yesterday said
the KPCU milling schedules may
be. disrupted if-the farmers go
ahead with the threat.

At an emotionally charged
meeting at Ruiru on’ Thursday,
the farmers — led by the Kenya
Coffee Growers Association
(KCGA) — ‘passed‘a resolution
not to deliver the 1986/87 crop if
the Government goes ahead with
the new payment system.

The KPCU: estimates that
farmers will deliver, if they do,
more than‘ 100,000 tonnes of
coffee during the next season,
worth Sh4 billion. ;

‘A spokesman told the Nation
40,000 tonnes were expected from
the early crop as a result of the
current short rains.

He said the projected figure for
the main crop — after the heavy
rains next March and April —
was 70,000 tonnes.

It is expected that the prices

19274
CSO: 3400/482

will remain stable at the current
prices of £2,800 a tonne.

The new payment system, con-
tained in a circular letter dated
October 9, from the CBK,
reduced the total. number of
payments to four during each
pool year at pre-determined
rates.

‘The circular letter, signed by
Mr I. N. Kiragu for the general
manager, said in part: “This is to
inform you that it is the wish of
the Government .that: coffee
farmers be paid four times during
each pool year.”

It said the CBK had been
directed by the Government to
implement the system
immediately.

Before the new system was
introduced, farmers were paid
fully on delivery, or in part up to
one to three weeks after delivery.

When coffee is brought to the
KPCU mills, farmers receive
milling payments. The CBK
usually. issues cheques ‘to the
KPCU' for the payments to
farmers whose coffee has been
milled.

‘The CBK continues to pay the
farmers as the coffee is auctioned
during the coffee year to a
maximum of six interim
payments, a source at the KPCU
said.

The Government’s ‘directive
means that only four payments
will be made during the year.

In a press statement yesterday,
Mr Kinyua, who is also vice-
chairman of the CBK, said the
farmers were disappointed that
no solution had been found by the
Government on farmers’

32

KENYA

demands to abolish coffee export
tax and the county council cess.

Mr Kinyua said the KPCU-was
expecting to start accepting
deliveries for the 1986/87 coffee
year on November 24.

He said the KPCU had worked
out milling programmes for the
new crop year that’ ensures
smooth movement and adequate
supplies to the market.

“Thus we would take advan-
tage of the fairly good prices
expected to prevail in the market
as a result of shortages in Brazil
and other leading coffee produ-
cing countries,” he said.

Mr Kinyua said he was confi-
dent the Government would be in
a position to reason out with
the coffee farmers and an amica-
ble solution found.

The KCGA on Thursday
formed a committee to try to see
the Minister for Agriculture, Mr
William. Odongo Omamo, over.
the issue. The committee is
chaired by the KCGA leader, Mr
G, W. Gichuki.

During the Thursday meeting
at Ruiru, Mr Kinyua said, this
was the first time in the history of
coffee in Kenya that the CBK has
been directed on how to pay
farmers. -

He said neither the KPCU nor}
the CBK had been consulted. by’
the Government before the new
payment system was introduced. |

‘The CBK general manager, Mr’
Patrick Katingima, said there
was nothing the board could do
but implement the Government
directive.



MOZAMBIQUE

RSA'S MALAN SAID TO BE PREPARING 'GORDIAN KNOT' AGAINST REGION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Nov 86 p 1
[Commentary by Carlos Cardoso of AIM]

[Text] In May 1970, the Portuguese colonial army lauched its largest operation
ever in Mozambique: 50,000 troops (including special units) attacked FRELIMO,
particularly in Cabo Delgado Province, bordering Tanzania.

The operation had the code name "Gordian Knot."

Looking back at those days, one crucial point must be considered. Another
operation had been launched slightly over a year before. On.3 February 1969,
the founder and president of FRELIMO, Eduardo Mondlane, died, killed ‘by a
made-to-order bomb sent by agents of colonialism.

The "Gordian Knot" did not follow immediately after Mondlane's murder. Why?

The colonial authorities were hoping that, without Mondlane, the serious contra-
dictions among the members of the Front's Directorate at that time would create
a situation of such internal instability that FRELIMO would disintegrate into
small, inconsequential factions.

This did not happen. The serious contradictions and splits that existed did
not cause FRELIMO to collapse. Having drawn this conclusion, General Kaulza
de Arriaga and the other colonial military chiefs triggered the "Gordian Knot."

At present, Mozambicans view the South African defense minister ., Gen Magnus
Malan, as the South African Kaulza de Arriaga. And they wonder: could Malan
be preparing his own "Gordian Knot" against Mozambique?

There are disturbing indications that Mozambique will still have to undergo a
"Gordian Knot" from Malan.

President Samora Machel died on 19 October. The news was still stunning the
world, and the South African news organs closest to Pieter. Botha's ‘government
launched a genuine campaign concerning a possible "power struggle" taking
shape among the members of the FRELIMO Directorate. It was an attempt to
predict the desires of the Pretoria authorites as a reality.

44


/13046
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3400/470

,POTCHEFSTROOM & BOTHAVILLE GaAPsS|

WEST, CENTRAL & EAST RAND AREAS

ECONOMIC REEF HORIZON
KROONSTAD® =” GZ JOutcrops Sub-Outcrops

rv

1”. 1 Potchefstroom Gap 9 9
2 Bothaville Gap *THILOMETRES #

113



In a meeting with workers from Wenela de Xai-Xai only, Governor Pateguana de-
plored the fact that some connive with others linked to sectors in Wenela to
demand material goods from the citizenry in order to get a labor contract to
work in South Africa.

"One of these cases has come to my attention. We have already given orders to

take the proper measures," said Pateguana, giving no further details about the
case.

8844
CSO; 3442/28

49



The replacement of Samora Machel by Joaquim Chissano took place quickly after
the unfortunate president's funeral. And the FRELIMO Central Committee
elected Chissano by acclamation, This will surely worry the "apartheid"
militarist faction. This and another factor: the level of organization and
mobilizationamong the party, state, and unofficial institutions between
Samora‘s death and his funeral was notable, on all levels. Even considering
the solidary aid from Angola, Zimbabwe, and other countries, few states, under
Mozambique's extremely difficult circumstances, have succeeded in doing what
Mozambique did: properly receiving 180 delegations, including 16 heads of
state or government.

Malan and the other military chiefs in Pretoria will add.other considerations
to the rapid and non-turbulent succession of Samora, namely, whether there
will be a continuation of the work begun by Samora to gear the Armed ‘Forces
of Mozambique (FPLM) to the present phase of battle. If Pretoria feels that
this work is continuing and bringing results, Malan will surely consider
escalating the aggression.

The death of Samora Machel was preceded by an entire campaign directed by Malan
against him, and by another phenomenon: At the end of September, just when
the Malawi envoy, John. Tembo, was in Maputo, the South African military chiefs
triggered a genuine invasion of Zambezia and Tete Provinces by thousands of
armed bandits coming from Malawi.

In view of the intensity with which the Front Line sent its ultimatum to Banda
on 11 September in Blantyre, Pretoria acted.

From the reports originating in those two provinces and in Sofala, one can
infer that there are twofintentions'in Pretoria's action: on the one hand,
attempting to maintain Malawi as its spearhead in the heart of southern Africa
(the bandits are still coming from there and returning there when they have
to retreat); and, on the other hand, Pretoria is attempting to create bases
for the bandits in the central and northern zones of Mozambique, with a system
of connections to the sea, in order to ensure in the future a maritime route
for supplying its army of bandits with arms and ammunition.

If Malan does not succeed in doing this, he will head toward the "Gordian Knot":
a direct attack by his armed forces, on a large scale, against southern Mozam—
bique, combining with this some contingents from Malawi, in northern Mozambique.

The “Casa Banana" (the armed banditst main base in the district of Gorongosa)
was taken by combined Mozambican-Zimbabwean forces in 1985, Malawi, already
used previously as a springboard for bandit attacks against Mozambique, has
emerged as a second "Casa Banana." The third one, for Pretoria, is still a
plan: along the Zambeze, with a quarantined area of bases and camps in the
entire north central zone.

Just as had occurred with Kaulza de Arriaga's "Gordian Knot," Malan has already

launched preliminary operations. South African special forces, normally used
in operations involving rapid intervention, are concentrated along the South

45



there no conscription of
blacks, coloured people or In-
dians? What are the implica-
tions of conscripting whites
only? Are whites expected to
take up arms against their fel-
low-citizens who are not
white?

TH prospect is one of siege,
internally and externally,
with guns at the ready. At
home, this means economic
stagnation, increasing unem-
ployment, hardship and star-
vation and rising crime in the
suburbs.

Externally it means the Le-
banonization of southern
Africa, creating a Vietnam-
type situation, but with an im-
Portant difference. This time
the super-powers will be on
the same side, which will not
be South Africa’s. Public opin-
ion in the West is strongly on
the side of the embattled front-
line states.

It may be felt that the Botha
government has had little op-
tion but to pursue such strate-
gies. After all, the country is
faced with guerrilla insurgen-
cy and terrorist atrocities,
which are ultimately the re-
sponsibility of the African Na-
tionalist Congress. And the
ANC is communist-controlled,
is it not, and will settle for
nothing short of an immediate
hand-over to blacks?

Is it as simple as that? The
ANC is certainly pursuing a
policy of so-called “armed
struggle”, but its viewpoint
and attitudes are not very well
known by South Africans. As a
banned organization, the ANC

/12828

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3400/498

has few opportunities to put its
point of view. Some ANC state-
ments do on occasion see the
light in South Africa and some,
like this week’s ANC appeal to
businessmen on the eve of the
Pretoria summit, are remark-
ably moderate and reasonable

in tone.

ERTAINLY the ANC has
ties with the Soviet bloc.
Mr Tambo has just been in
Moscow and has met Mr Gorba-
chev. But so has President
Reagan met Mr Gorbachev and
no one is calling him a commu-
nist.'Mr Tambo also has con-
tacts with leaders of the West-
ern bloc and is increasingly
welcome at the highest levels.
It is actually not all that like-
ly that the communists in the
ANC, such as Mr Joe Slovo,
would dominate an unbanned
ANC. It is by no means a fore-
gone conclusion. The best-in-
formed analysts say that the
ANC is social democratic or
libertarian socialist in its poli-
cies, rather like the British La-
bour Party, which also has its
quota of far-left ideologues.
The ANC might well agree to
a truce — a suspension of vio-
lence — if there seemed to be a
genuine disposition in Pre-
toria to do a deal and to clamp
down on the right. .
Regrettably, there is no dis-
position to settle — and there
is not going to to be, as long as
President Botha’s militarists
are in the saddle.

74


audience.

Further interjections
follow.

“I hope we are going
to be civilised and have
an orderly discussion,”
says Mr Lorimer, but his
words are drowned out.

A member of the au-
dience remarks: “I sup-
pose you are now going
to define civilisation to
us.”

Mr Lorimer offers to
“make a bargain” — if
the activists listen to
him, he will listen to
them.

Someone remarks:
“This is not the Oriental
Plaza to make
bargain:

The activists don’t ac-
cept the deal, and start
filing out, one or two
shouting: “Viva ANC!”

Within moments, only
Mr Sigamoney, Mr
Lorimer, and I are left
in the hall. The “semi-
public” meeting is offi-
cially over.

It has lasted less than
10 minutes.

A handful of people
return to the hall for the
“post-mortem”.

Just then, a policeman
arrives, saying he has
been phoned and told
there might be
problems.

Mr Lorimer says the

PFP didn’t called the
police, and there are no
problems.

A few minutes later
the policeman returns,
wanting to know if the
people in the hall are
sure everything was all
right. He is given the as-
surance, but he asks Mr
Lorimer to give him his
name.

‘The policeman leaves.

A few minutes later, a
senior official of Azapo
and a senior official of
the Transvaal Indian
Congress arrive, only to
find the meeting is over.

And a few moments
after that, a handful of
Azapo supporters arrive
to find the hall empty.

After the meeting, Mr
Lorimer says he is sorry
he wasn’t allowed to
state his case.

“We are sympathetic
(to the activists) and un
derstand the depth of
feeling against the Gov-
ernment, but instead of
fighting each other, op-
ponents of apartheid
should stand together.”

The PFP, he adds,
will continue to operate
quietly in Lenasia by
holding house meetings
to explain its’ policies,
and signing ap
members.

“We have a growing
membership which in
terms of the total com-
munity is small, but we
have been very en-
couraged so far,” he
adds.

Except that if only a
handful more of those
200 had turned up at the
meeting, the PFP might
have been saved the
embarrassment.

What the meeting did
show is that the Progs
are out of touch with the
prevailing political
mood in Lenasia.

If they dispute that,
they should contest a
couple of elections here.
There is a vacancy in
the local management
committee, and if the
NPP’s Abie Choonara
resigns his parliamenta-
ry seat, it could try for a
direct say in the House
of Delegates.

The PFP may win
both seats. It could even
get them for a bargain
— few people will turn
up to vote.

/12828
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84


/13046
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treatment Dr Jonas Savimbi re-
ceived here. Not only are they in-
credible and, as far as can be seen
through the shadows, profoundly
unattractive, they are fighting for
control of a country that not even
the Soviets care much about.

The East bloc numbers may be
round, but they are insufficiently
so. A lot more zeros will be needed
before real American interest can
be aroused. More importantly,
Renamo’s soi-disant foreign minis-
ter Artur da Fonseca was recent

anted an audience with Patric!

chanan at the White House.

In Buchanan's case, as Pretoria
pee discovered to its post not pin.

propinques likes propin-

guity. Close he may be to the Presi-

lent, but he. is nonetheless a
disaster to have in your corner.

3400/447

39

package. .

The Left, having attempted to
cut the underpinnings from South-
ern Africa’s economic future with

sanctions, enter the it to put
Sa ate tag a atate

of nt war.
They have all but achieved this
in Angola. Mozambique is next.



SOUTH AFRICA

RURAL FOUNDATION PROGRAM GIVES HOPE TO POOR FARMERS
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 16 Nov 86 p 12

{Article by Elsabe Wessels]

[Text] LOEKIE is a four-year-old farm child with bright eyes and a
better chance in life than his grandparents ever had.

He comes from’ a long line of farm labourers — generations of
people caught up in a cyele of poverty that left little time for anything
ur ee none

it work and survival

Now Loekie and his family
are looking forward to a new
life as a unique community
upliftment programme gets
under way.

They'll still be poor, but
they'll stand a better chance
of breaking the chain of
wretchedness that has shack-
led anything up to 6,5-million
farm workers throughout
South Africa.

Behind this second chance
is a little-known body called
the Rural Foundation.

Based in Stellenbosch, the
organisation is dedicated to
the upliftment of 1,3-million
workers and their families —
representing nearly a quar-
ter of the total farm popula-
tion — who live in poverty on
farms all over the country.

‘Have-nots’

For more than 300 years,
these workers and their fam-
ilies have been the “have-
nots” of SA’s ever-growing
working class.

Although agriculture is the
second biggest industry,
farm workers are excluded
from protective labour legis-
lation and often subjected to
below-the-breadline wages.

The foundation, formed
four ‘years ago, is a utility
company funded largely by
the Department of Health
and Population Development
and functioning under the
auspices of the South African
Agricultural Union.

“Mr Okkie Bosman is direc-

tor of this fast-growing and
dynamic body, which is now
touching the lives of nearly
200 000 farm workers in the
Cape, Transvaal and Free
State. .

Disturbing

Trapped in a vicious spiral
of poverty, farm workers are
often exploited by employ-
ers. And the lack of legisla-
tive protection has aggravat-
ed the problem.

The sociological implica-
tions are equally disturbing.
Alcoholism is rife and illiter-
acy is commonplace. In
many cases, educational de-
velopment seems to have
been paralysed.

There is no doubt that the
foundation has adopted a
fragile child. But its suc-
cesses so far have flamed the
enthusiasm of its dedicated
staff — and enthusiasm is a
characteristic common to
foundation converts.

‘The organisation reaches
the workers through the far-
mers. Because of this, it iden-
tifies the need for the farmer

to be guided on a “people's” :

level as a top priority.

Each farm is regarded as a
micro-community. Said Mr
Bosman: “Once a farmer has
joined the programme, .the
challenge is to identify the
needs of his workers and to
initiate an effective uplift-
ment programme.”

109

Failure

According to a study by Mr
Herman Bailey, the founda-
tion’s publicity director,
about 63 percent of heads of
households on farms cannot
read or write.

He says a high first-year
school failure rate
lack of basic skills — is often -
the beginning of a short-lived
school career and stunted op-
portunities,

But there might be a solu-
tion to this problem. A study
conducted in the Ceres/
Kouebokkeveld area found

that only 54 percent of child-
ren passed ‘ba.

Then a pre-primary class
was established and, in 1985,
its first Sub-A “graduates”
achieved an average pass
rate of 83 percent.

Elgin farmer Mr Phil Kil-
pin recorded a similar im-
provement; a vigilated home-
work hour in the afternoons
produced a remarkable im-
provement in the perform-
ance of pupils on his farm.

One of the Foundation’s
main aims has been the for-
mation of farm creches,
where children are cared for
and taught elementary skills.

One of these is the Kabbel-
land Day Centre, founded on
the farm Glen Fruin Trust in
Elgin, which accommodates
40 toddlers. The children are
supervised by five farm
women who have been
trained by a Foundation offi-
cer.



SOUTH AFRICA

CONSUMPTION OF LOW GRADE COAL FREES HIGHER QUALITY FOR EXPORT

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 12 Oct 86 p 8

[Article by John Orpen]

[Text]

/12828
cso:

SOUTH Africa’s indus-
try, which’ — sanctions _
currently earns the country roughly

R2500 million a.year, would simply
not be sustainable were it not for
the fact that Escom has devised
‘methods of burning high-ash coal in

its power stations. :
The: power station where the
cost-effective burning of low-grade
Lethabo;

“But the development of new
techniques by Escom has meant
that this resource can now be
fumed | to account. It: also means

is being provided
with an additional 3 600 MW of elec-
tricity capacity,” says Mr Ham.

Given. South Africa’s total coal

3400/507

it has freed some 400 million tons of
high-grade coal for export,. it ‘has
paved the way for foreign-exchange
earnings of around $9 000 million to
$10 000 million. .

Even if the freed high-grade coal
were to be sold locally, it would be.
worth about R6 000 million.

Escom’s success in burning low-
grade coal at’ Lethabo comes. after
extensive research and: innovative

development. Various
had to be overcome.

Says Mr Ham: “To extract the
maximum. thermal efficiency from.
the coal it should ideally. be burnt
at 1500degC. But ash melts’ at
and that clogs up the
you get two conflicting

try

low-grade coal a year. This costs
the country about R30 million.

__ By burning high-ash coal, Escom
is obtaining an otherwise unwanted
nuisance cheaply, the exporters are
freed of dumping costs and the
country’s energy needs are being
met optimally.

118

also replaces
ly mined coal and can generate
savings on South Africa’s fuel bills.
The coal has no other potential
and. urban, industrial and recrea-

tional could well put it
out of reach forever if it is not used
fairly soon.

‘The Maccauvlei colliery. is: also
highy efficient. The area, land
values and mining depths lend
themsel

benefit from the burning of low-
grade ‘coal as the fine ash could
prove to be a valuable cement ex-
tender. Lethabo ash might well find

. its way into the construction. of

homes and buildings all over the

The 1982 Geological Survey esti-
mated the country’s recoverable
coal reserves to be around 58 billion:
tons, enough to meet the country’s
needs for the next century. The de-

the colliery. To: rehabilitate: the:
area, ash will be dumped in the ex-
hausted areas, covered with a sub-
stantial layer of topsoil and grass-
seeded. A pleasant, rolling land-
scape suitable for recreation will be
the power. station’s legacy to the
area.


JPRS-SSA-86-125
30 DECEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Need for Technology Transfer Argued
(Editorial; FINANCIAL REVIEW, Oct 86) cccosssceceseeeeseo

East African Ports Increasitig Focus of Attention
(AED, 8 Nov 86) ceccoecccecccceccceccccccccusevccosscsces

ANGOLA

Savimbi Asks France To Help Promote Peace Talks
(THE CITIZEN, 24 Oct 86) wccvoeccecceccaccesceccescececce

Secrecy Surrounds Death of Embassy Employee in Lisbon
(EXPRESSO, 4 Oct 86) soeseceeccecceccecccccesccceesceecen

Briefs
Rosa Coutinho Prosecutes Mercenaries

ETHIOPIA

Italian Paper Discusses Support for Eritrean Cause
(Franco Prosperi; AVANTI!, 29 Oct 86) ...cce0 wee

GHANA

Radio Commentary on UK, U.S. Moves Against Syria
(A. B. Fuseni; Accra Domestic Service, 14 Nov 86) soocooe

British Volunteers To Increase Technical Aid to North
(GHANATAN TIMES, 27 Oct 86) ccecccecccocccccccccecceccces

Paper Lambasts Third World's UN Vietnam Vote
(Editorial; GHANAIAN TIMES, 29 Oct 86) ..sccosccccececoes

10

11

14

16

17



SOCIAL SECURITY NET WIDENED TO HELP MORE JOBLESS PEOPLE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Nov 86 p 4
[Article by Kym Hamilton]

[Text]

Piet van der Merwe, said yesterday.

The ceiling of eligible contributors has also been increased to a

tnaximum income R26 000 to R30 000 a year.

* The latest moves will strengthen and bolster the fund to meet

“future demands.

“However, it really means that the social security net has been
broadened to assist more people,” said Dr van der Merwe.
" The fund is expected to.pay out R400 million in benefits to the
unemployed this year. Up until September 30 this year, the fund had
already paid out benefits totalling R299,5 million to 197000 jobless

South Africans.

The increase from 0,7 percent to 0,9 percent was recommended by
an actuarial investigation. into the fund and will increase reserves
to enable it to meet its commitments should unemployment con-

tinue to rise, said Dr van der Merwe.

And this year, for the first time since 1982, the fund is showing a
surplus of R9,2 million instead of a deficit, which last year totalled

R146,6 million.

The fund’s balance is at present R174,8 million.
The number of workers who contribute to the fund has increased

from 3,6-million last year to 4,1 million for 1986.

In the pipeline

Dr van der Merwe pointed out that the fund assisted the jobless
for up to 26 weeks depending on how long a person has contributed.

However, amendments to increase the number of beneficiaries
are in the pipeline. The legislation has already been submitted to
the Speaker in Parliament and will go to the standing committee on

manpower early in the new year.

In terms of this, benefits will now be extended to parents of
adopted ‘children. They will qualify for assistance for a maximum
period of up to 26 weeks if the adopted child is under two years of

age.

Maternity benefits have also been revised. At present an expec-
tant mother can claim for 18 weeks prior to giving birth and for
eight weeks after the birth. Now the mother will be able to claim
for a total of 26 weeks from the time she leaves her job.

102

Contributions to the Unemployment Insurance Fund will rise
“by 0,2 percent from January 1 this year to boost the fund by
R9 million a month, the Director-General of Manpower, Dr

SOUTH AFRICA


ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM--The Planned Parenthood Association of Zambia (PPAZ)
wants to direct its family planning campaign at men instead of limiting the
exercise to women. A document of the three-year plan says male motivation

has been minimal since PPAZ was launched in 1972. "The main reason for this
is that most motivational work by field officers has been directed at
maternity wings of health institutions where the majority of those reached

are women," says the report. The document says this approach needs to be
corrected involving men in family planning as they are decision-makers in
family size in most families. PPAZ will carry out its campaign at work places.
"In Zambia, most workers in industry are men hence our targeting male motivation
in this sector." During that period, the association will encourage the
provision of family planning services like contraceptives to companies' health
clinics. [Text][Kampala THE STAR in English 11 Oct 86 p 5]/12828

CSO: 3400/508

62



MOZAMBIQUE

GAZA GOVERNOR ACCUSES RSA OF CAUSING UNEMPLOYMENT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 14 Oct 86 p 3

[Article by Bento Niquice, Xai-Xai correspondent: "Gaza Governor visiting
Wenela Accuses RSA of Fomenting Unemployment in Our Country")

[Text] Gaza Governor Francisco Pateguana accused South Africa of fomenting un-
employment in Mozambique. The governor claimed that by recruiting, training,
financing and smuggling armed bandits into Mozambique where these criminals
destroy schools, hospitals, production units and other facilities employing
hundreds of Mozambicans, South Africa has become the "main factor responsible
for the unemployment now being experienced in our country."

Pateguana made the accusation in a speech delivered during a visit to Wenela
in Xai-Xai in a series of trips he has been making to some sectors of this
city in order to acquaint himself better with events and see how established
programs are being implemented.

On the same day of the Wenela visit, Pateguana also visited the Provincial
Labor Office and the Payment Office, which pays the salary differential to
Mozambican miners returning from South Africa.

In Wenela, Governor Pateguana was given a detailed briefing on the procedure
used to recruit labor for South African mines.

He then toured the various facilities: the food warehouse, the dormitories and
the Recruiting Department.

A welcome statement was then read to Governor Pateguana on the occasion of his

working visit and the sum of 4,000 meticals was given to support the second
general elections now under way in Mozambique.

"The elections are a high point in our people's reaffirmation of their determi-
nation to wipe out, once and for all, the armed banditry that is sowing panic
and terror in our country," said the message.

In a conversation with some workers, Pateguana encouraged them to be vigilant,
reminding them that it is in the land of apartheid where the armed bandits

causing distress in our country are recruited, trained and armed.

"If you are not vigilant or fail to keep your dignity as honest Mozambicans,
you will be recruited to murder your own brothers," the governor stressed.

48



SOUTH AFRICA

DE KOCK GIVES VIEWS ON INFLATION DURING SEMINAR

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Nov 86 p 8

problem in SA. In many devel-
oping countries a rate of infla-
tion of between 16% and 20%
might be viewed as “relatively
low,” but in SA we find it disturb-

ingly high.

Fo ehie rogard it is important to
distinguish between two aspects of
this debate.

The first is whether inflation is
caused mainly by excess mone-
tary demand, that is by over-
spending or “too much money

ing too few goods,” or mainly
by non-monetary structural and/
or cost-push factors.

The basis significance of this dis-
tinction is, of course, that demand
inflation presumably needs to be
curbed by restrictive monetary
and fiscal policies, whereas struc-
tural or cost-push inflation might
perhaps be better counteracted by
direct price-wage controls or
guidelines, anti-monopoly policies
-and other direct or structural mea-
sures,

The Reserve Bank’s view is that,
during most of the past 25 years,
the inflation in SA was caused
mainly by excess demand fuelled
by excessive money creation. At
the very least, excessive monet
expansion was a necessary condi-
tion for the inflation.

The Bank fully accepts that
structural and/or cost-push fac-
tors may in certain circumstances
impart an inflationary bias to the
SA economy. This is mainly be-
cause they can’ at times place
strong pressure on the monetary
authorities to “validate” autono-
mous price increases by means of
large accommodative increases in
the money supply.

[Text] [ee remains a major

97

i can also be no doubt that ©
phenomena, such as low producti-
vity and inadequate competition,
constitute serious economic prob-
lems which call for ial ac-
tion in their own right.

But the Bank rej the view -
that these factors by themselves
constitute the basic underlying
“causes” of the inflation that’ has
occurred in SA during the past 25

years.

It therefore also cannot accept
that any strategy of restoring and
maintaining reasonable price sta-
bility should be aimed principally
at the direct removal or suppres-
sion of these non-monetary and

4 ” and “demand-pull”
factors are largely viewed OP the
Reserve Bank as interacting ele-
ments or different as] of the
same process, rather than as total-
ly separate causes of different pro-
cesses. .

Autonomous cost-push influ-
ences cannot by themselves sus-

ion, are self-terminating.
Accordingly, to the extent that the
monetary authorities succeed in
resisting the pressure for accom-
modation, the force of cost-push
Pressures should abate.
ver supplement mea-
sures might be qeheabte the appli-
cation of an effective monetary
and fiscal demand management
policy must therefore, in the nor-
mal course of events, form the
crux of any strategy against infla-
ion.



SHEANUT +

HIGH HOPES FOR COCOA ALTERNATIVE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 Oct 86 p 29

[Text]

19274
cso:

SEEKING alternatives for its
cocoa-dominated economy,

Ghana has high hopes for the

underdeveloped north have found a
profitable alternative to the govern-
ment's official price — they sell
their crops through smugglers who
take them to neighbouring Togo.
The Cocoa Board, which
responsible’ for buying Ghana's
sheanuts, pays 1750 ce
(US$19,40) for a 62,5kg bag.
Ghana News Agency (GNA)
quotes officials in Tamale, a town
of 600 000, as saying that sheanut
smugglers regularly slip across the
border into Togo on remote bush
cks.

SMUGGLERS

The smugglers pay up to 2 400
cedis ($26.70) a bag. In Togo, the
bags are sold for convertible CFA
francs and the price is equivalent to
11 300 cedis ($125,60), the official
news agency said.

The board bought 40 000 tonnes
of sheanuts last season, compared
to 25 000 the year before, but the
Price rise announced for the current
crop was a mere 50 cedis, which

3400/486

growers regarded as a paltry sum,
while cocoa producers got a 50%
boost.

The nuts, which ripen into a yel-
low ball before falling off trees, are
a traditional crop in West Africa's
Sahel and are usually gathered by
women who boil and dry them.

Aside from cooking oil, they can
be used in a lotion to protect the sI
from the dry Harmattan wind that
blows off the Sahara desert between
December and February.

EXPORT REVENUE

Officials say the illicit trade to
Togo is seriously jeopardising
Ghana's efforts t6 diversify its econ-
omy. in which cocoa currently
yields more than 60% of export

22

revenue.

The local branch of the Cocoa
Board recently said it was stepping
up security along the Togolese
border, but officials concede that
smuggling will: continue until the
board begins paying a more com-
petitive price for sheanuts.

Cocoa smuggling, on the other
hand, seems to have declined, ap-
parently because higher official
prices have reduced the attraction of
illegal trading.

Cocoa beans are grown” in
Ghana's wetter centre and south and
smugglers used to make lucrative
tuns into both Togo and Ivory
Coast, Ghana's western neighbour.

An ambitious cocoa rehabilitation
project launched in 1983 with
World Bank aid has reversed years
of falling output in Ghana, which in
the 1960s, was the world’s largest
producer.

VOLATILE

But the Accra government wants
to reduce its reliance on the notori-
ously volatile world cocoa price,
and sheanut production was, also
seen as a way to develop’the north,
which has few natural resources.

Ironically, sheanut butter can be
used as a substitute for cocoa but-
ter in chocolate. Third World cocoa
exporters have voiced concern
about..pressure from British
manufacturers to allow more cocoa
butter substitutes to be used in the
European Economic Community.

GHANA



Calamitous Road

The lost-bearing vote last Tuesday is another pointer to the calamitous road
which the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is taking. The Movement was founded as
an anti-imperialist third force, and all of its members attained national
independence on the platform of anti-imperialism, Finally the movement pro-
claimed as its major responsibility the task of securing the political inde-
pendence and economic liberation of the third world. However, it has become
clear that the Movement is in disarray on this responsibility because {words
indistinct] in disrupting its solidarity. Muammar Al-Qathafi deplored this
disastrous situation when he stated in Harare last September (at the NAM
conference) that the Movement has been divided into pro-imperialist and anti-
imperialist camps and is doomed to failure in this problem is not resolved.

The Libyan leader told the truth, Some member states of the movement have
become such confirmed pro-imperialist puppet regimes that they no more even
try to cover up their opposition to the anti-imperialist stand upon which the
Non-Aligned Movement was founded, ‘he disaster has gone to the extent that
the pro~imperialist voice has become strong enough to prevail on the Movement
to reject Nicaragua's request to hold its next conference in Managua as an
expression of third world solidarity with the Sandinista struggle against
imperialist embattlement!

Another selfeeffacing vote like last Tuesday's, and there can be no more doubt

that the Non-Aligned Movement is better off with the progressive anti~imperial-
ist members breaking away, or with the entire Movement scrapped,

19274
CSO: 3400/485

18


[Box, p 3M]

No Plan for Scheme on Mighty Limpopo

/13046
CsO:

MESSINA — In stark contrast to the
recent water agreement reached be-
tween South Africa and Lesotho, the
effective utilisation of the Limpopo’s
annual run-off has been dogged by
strained relations between this coun-
try and its northern neighbours.

As a result, Botswana, South Afri-
ca, Zimbabwe and Mozambique have
not been able to reap the rich bene-
fits of a scheme on this major river,
which comes down in flood at least
twice a year.

RECESSION

The financing of such a scheme, al-
ways a formidable factor, has been
adversely affected by the general ec-
onomic recession of the past five
years and recent sanctions moves
against this country.

These facts emerged from discus-
sions with developers, agricultural
leaders and Government officials
this week, after powerlessly watch-

,ing the waters of the Limpopo flow

to the sea once again,
The chairman of the Development

3400/465

Advisory Committee for Region G
(the Far Northern Transvaal); Mr
Jack Botes, said the Limpopo issue
had become a top priority from South
Africa’s point of view.

He confirmed discussions had been
held at an economic level with Bo-
tswana and Zimbabwe but said no
concrete action had resulted.

Guerilla incursions from Botswa-
na, Zimbabwe and Mozambique, as
well as reprisals by South Africa,
have clearly stalled all negotiations.

A spokesman for the Department
of Environmental Affairs said feasi-
bility studies for a Limpopo water
scheme had been completed several
years ago.

These would serve as a basis for
top-level talks, but he could not give
any likely timetable.

Mr Manie Eloff, chairman of the
Soutpansberg District Agricultural
Union, has repeatedly made strong
pleas on behalf of farmers for atten-
tion to be given to this vital matter.
He said any progress would be wel-
comed by organised agriculture.

101



COMMERCE MINISTER ON INDIGENOUSLY OWNED BUSINESSES

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 24 Oct 86 p 4

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/481

INDIGENOUS Kenyans held
some 84 per cent of all
businesses licensed in the
formal sector as of December
1985, an Assistant Minister

for Commerce ana tuuustry,
MR. WILBERFORCE

‘KISIERO, said.

Kisiero was replying to a
question from MR. MARTIN
SHIKUKU, (Butere) who
wanted to know what per-
centage of business indi-’
genous people of this coun-
try hold. Shikuku also wanted
to know what steps the
minister intends to take to
ensure that trade in this
country’ is controlled and
managed by the indigenous
Kenyans.

The assistant minister told
the House in reply that out
of 156,085 formal businesses
licensed, 130,966 businesses
are owned by indigenous.
people. +

MR. MASHENGU wa

MACHOFI (Wundanyi), on
a point of order asked the
minister to explain to the
House in terms of value and
volume held by. Kenyans.
His question was also echoed
by DR. MUKASA MANGO
(Busia East), who said the
answer must be given in
terms of quality and quantity
‘saying that kiosks owned by
‘Kenyans cannot ne
considéred part of the
businesses.

Kisiero gave a breakdown
of some towns in Kenya. He
said in many town, ther
business is 99 per cent
‘indigenised. He said however.
in Nairobi it is 64.98 per
cent, while in Kisumu,
Bungoma and Mombasa is
74.17 per cent, 73.21 per
cent and 55.99 per cent
respectively.

An Assistanit Minister for
Health, MK. MENKY
CHEBOIWO, said that his
ministry is satisfied with the
standard of ‘cleanliness of
‘the. premises and compound
within the district and pro-
vincial commissioner's build-
ings, Western province.

30

KENYA


SOUTH AFRICA

ATTENTION FOCUSES ON POTCHEFSTROOM GAP FOR NEW GOLD FIELD
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 11 Nov 86 p 6

[Article by Cherilyn Ireton]

Western Transvaal have

dispelled the theory that

the Potchefstroom district
isg barren gap in the Witwaters-
rand gold basin. .

Gold has been found on a farm
just 30km north-east of Potchef-
stroom, fuelling speculation that a
new gold mine could be established
in the district within the next few
years,

While mining circles are confi-
dent that at least one new mine
will be developed in the. region,
Anglo American has cautioned
that it is still too soon to take such
a decision. The drilling pro-
gramme underway by New Cen-
tral Wits. will take well into the
1990's and only then will results be
analysed and feasibility studies un-
dertaken.

[Text] Bee results from the

B.. if the economic mineralisa-
tion justifies the development of a
new gold mine, this would be the
first_ significant development in
the Potchefstroom gap of the gold
basin, so called because of the ab-
sence of payable reefs between the
farms to the west of Deelkraal
Gold Mine to Stilfontein.

Gold was detected in the area in
the late Forties, when boreholes
intersected the Witwatersrand
Reef. But values were not on a par
with those mined at Carletonville
and.so funds and energies were
diverted to the more promising
Free State gold fields.

Now, with mining houses con-

111

cerned about shrinking gold re-
serves, they have redirected their

attention to the Potchefstroom ©

gap. In their search for gold in this

area, oration companies had

been dri for an extension of

the Ventersdorp Contact Reef or

the Carbon Leader Reef, both of

which are mined in the Carleton-

ville area. Drill-

ing was concen-

trated in areas

where they be-

lieved these reefs

would be devel-

oped. The first

borehole, sunk by

Anglo’s pi -

ing arm for New

Central Wits, in-

tersected the

conglomerates of

the Johannes-

burg sub group.

Since then, three

borehole’s are

believed to have

intersected the

reef, one on Ger-

hardminnebron ‘

and two on its southern neighbour’

Stompoorfontein. Five boreholes

on Gerhardminnebron belong to

New Central Wits, which first in-

tersected the reef in April in bore-

hold Mgml, at a depth of 3184m

assaying 1756cm g/ton. The

second borehole, Mgm2, intersect-

ed the reef at a much shallower

1 341m, assaying 1 438cmg/ton.
New Central Wits says the other :

three have yet to intersect the reef,

Borehole Mgm3 has reached a

depth of 1439m while boreholes



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

COOPERATION WITH CZECH JOURNALISTS--On 13 October, in Prague,.our country's
National Organization of Journalists (ONJ) and the Czechoslovak. Union of
Journalists (UCJ) signed a cooperation agreement in effect for a period of

3 years, whereby, among other commitments, both organizations pledge to
"cooperate in the field of education and training, to improve the qualifications
of journalists." The official document was signed by the ONJ and UCJ general
secretaries, Manuel Tome and Marcel Nolc, respectively. The agreement also
calls for an exchange of views in the professional area, an exchange of special-
ized publications between the two organizations, exchanges of delegations, and
also the promotion of friendly contacts between the news organs of Mozambique
and Czechoslovakia. In the realm of training, the document specifically stipu-
lates, for example, that the UCJ "will invite Mozambican journalists to take
training courses in the English language at the Julius Fucik School of Solida-
rity in Prague, organized jointly by the International Journalists Organization
and the Czechoslovak Union of Journalists." The photo shows the exchange of
documents, duly signed, between Manuel Tome and Marcel Nolc. [Text] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Nov 86 p 1] 2909

PROVINCES RECEIVE FOOD AID--This year, 20,000 tons of food products have already
been donated to Mozambique by the World Food Program (WFP), in an act aimed at
mitigating the effects of the natural disasters and the armed bandits' criminal
action, as Robert Christie, the WFP's representative in Mozambique, disclosed.
The donated products consist essentially of corn and beans, some of which have
already been distributed among the provinces of Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane, Sofala,
and Zambezia, in a operation coordinated by the Department to Prevent and Combat
Natural Disasters. Robert Chrisite said that, in Zambezia Province, 50 tons of
concentrated meat, to be used for therapeutic treatment, particularly among
children in a state of malnutrition, have already been distributed. [Text]
[Maputo NOTICIAS in. Portuguese 10 Nov 86 p 1] 2909

COUNTRY VOTED HEAD OF ESAMRDC--Mozambique was elected to a one-year term as
president of the Eastern and Southern African Mineral Resource Development. .
Council (ESAMRDC), based in Dodoma, Tanzania, at the Council's seventh session
held in early October. James E.N. Kagule-Magambo, a Ugandan, was elected Di-
rector at the same meeting to replace M.M. Shumoro, an Ethiopian, who had
directed the Center for the last 8 years. The Mozambican delegation to the
meeting in Dodoma was headed by John Kachamila, minister of mineral resources.
Several decisions were made at the Council meeting to solve financial problems
which the Center had been deliberating. The importance of recruiting other
countries in the subregion for membership was recognized. It was recommended

54



SOUTH AFRICA

UNEMPLOYMENT WORRIES CONTINUE, ECONOMISTS EXPECT WORSE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 18 Nov 86 p 9

[Article by Gerald Reilly]

[Text]

/13046
cso:

SA’S VAST unemployment problem is

serious now, but by the end of the cen-
tury the chances are that it will be a lot
worse, according to economists. This is
why government has. intensified coun-
ter-action and channelled more funds
into the campaign to slow down the
spiralling numbers of workless blacks.

A factor spurring the urgency of the

campaign is the certainty that unem-
oyment is becoming a major factor in
lack unrest.

Economists have estimated that with
the current level of those unemployed
— estimates vary from government’s
500 000 to academic estimates of about
three-million, in addition to the 300 000
new work seekers who come on to the
labour market every year — by the year
2000 there could be up to four-million
without jobs.

Sanctions already imposed will in the
long-term slow down the pace of the
economy and shrink further the avail-
ability of work.

It’s against this background that
Manpower Minister Pietie du Plessis
has decided to increase employers and
employees subscriptions to the unem-
ployment insurance fund from 0,7% of
earnings to 0,9%. He has also raised the
eligible salary ceiling for benefits from
R26 000 to R30 000. This will bring in an
additional R9m a month.

3400/470

108

Manpower director General Piet van

der Merwe says there is no quick fix for
the enormous problem, caused mainly
by the rapid population growth. Even if
the population control campaign
mounted by the Department of Health is
in any way successful in halting the
ple explosion among blacks it will
years before the rate slows down to
below the current nearly 3% a year.

In the meantime, new workers will
continue to flood the labour market at
an increasing rate. Van der Merwe says
his department is engaged in the most
intensive campaign in the country’s his-
tory to relieve the acute distress caused
by unemployment.

The Unemployment Insurance Fund,
he says, is only one of the instruments
being used. Others include the depart-
ment’s training and job-creation pro-
grammes, for which more than R800m
has been allocated.

Government policy of deregulation
and privatisation will also generate em-
ployment, Van der Merwe hopes. Mean-
while, during the first nine months of
this year 197000 beneficiaries were
paid a total of R300m in unemployment
and other benefits. At the end of Sep-
tember the fund’s reserves stood at
R174,6m, compared with R149,8m last
December.



ID PROBLEMS FOR XHOSA, VENDA, TSWANA PEOPLE

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 11 Nov 86 p 7

{Article by Sophie Tema]

[Text]

/13046
CSO:

ALL XHOSA, Venda and Tswana people
in SA may have difficulty in obtaining

. the new Identity Documents (ID) be-

cause they are now “foreigners” in view
of the independence of the TBVC Home-
lands,

People who may be.affected are those
whose reference books or birth certifi-
cates show them to be citizens of Trans-
kei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei.

This warning is contained in a docu-
ment released by Sheena Duncan, past
President of the Black Sash.

The document states that the new ID
is the same for all race groups, with no
difference in law between black and
white people.

The 1) will be given to any person
who is permanently and lawfully resi-
dent in SA. This means that all South
African citizens are entitled to an ID.

Foreigners who are permanently
resident in SA with permission are also
entitled to an ID.

Photographs

In order to apply for an ID a black
person can go to any office of the Home
Affairs Department, formerly known as
the offices of the Commissioner of Co-
operation and Development.

People who do not have a Reference
Book need a birth certificate or other
proof of birth and two photographs in
order to obtain an ID.

People who do have a reference book
need only take the book and two
photographs to apply tor an 1D,

Everybody's fingerprints will be tak-
en when they apply for an ID — includ-
ing white, coloured and Indian people.

3400/471

72

People who were endorsed out of
town in the past or who were never
registered can apply for an ID without
apprehension. Now, it does not matter
whether they had a permit or-not to be
in a town in the past.

No official has the right to demand
proof of a house or lodger’s permit.

“Lawful residence” does not mean
that you have to have a permit to be ina
particular place. It means that a person
must be lawfully resident in SA.

Because peo le of the TBVC home-
lands are “fore! fers and some, there-
fore, not lawfully resident in SA, th
may have difficulty in obtaining an
document.

A person — black, white, Indian or
coloured — is only lawfully in SA if he
or she has been issued with a specific
permit.

According to the Black Sash, all those
Xhosa, Tswana and Venda of the TBVC
areas who have never lived in one of the
independent homelands — or who were
born in, or who have lived in one of the
independent homelands and moved to
areas outside the homelands before
their independence day — are lawfully

_and permanently resident
in SA and are entitled to
an ID, even if they have a
homeland passport in-
stead of a reference book.

All persons born in the
TBVC areas before inde-
pendence day are South
African.

Whether or not they are
lawfully and permanent-
ly resident in SA will de-
pend on individual. cir-
cumstances.


PROGRAM TO ASSIST CITRUS PRODUCTION DEVELOPED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 29 Oct 86 p 8

[Article by Kweku Tsen]

[Text]

19274
csor

AN elaborate and
comprehensive
programme has
been drawn up to
assi.t commercial
citrus farmers in
the country and: to
stimulate people’s
interest in the in-
dustry.
Organisatjons pe-
hind the programme
are the Cannery Di-
vision of the Ghana
Industrial Holding
Corporation (GI-
HOC), ASTEK Fruit
Processing Factory
at Nsawam in the
Eastern Region and
the Central Regional
branch of the Mi-
nistry of Agriculture.
This assistance is the
outcome of series of meet-
ings between. Mr Amoah-
Oboh, Central Regiona!
Under Secretary for Agri-
culture and top officials of

3400/486

the two factories in re-
sponse to a “Graphic” sur-
vey on the precarious si-
tuation facing the industry
in the-country.

Under the programme,
adequate transportation
facilities. the main heada-
che facing citrus farmers
will be provided to cart
fruits from their farm gates
‘to the factories.

According to Mr Amoali
Oboh. his outfit is in close
consultation with the
Ghana Food Distribution
Corporation (GFDC) to
release somevef its vehicles
for the exercist.

At ASTEK, the Director
of Operations; Mr M. Adu
Donkoh told the “Gra-
phic” that his outfit has
already started carting
fruits of farmers from the
surrounding towns and
villages of Nsawam.

He added that his outfit
has also acquired a new
vehicle that will help cart
fruits from parts of the
Central and Eastern re-
gions of the country.

‘On the question of what
his outfit is doing to boost
the cultivation of fruits,
especially grape fruits, Mr

24

Adu Donkoh said ASTEK
has already started buying
grape fruits-from the Uni-
versity of Ghana Research
Farm at Kade for the ma-
nufacturing of grape fruit’
concentrates, |” .

At the GIHOC Cannery
Division, the General Ma-
nager, Mr Sam K, Enuson
in an‘ interview said his
company is ever ready to
procure any amount of.
fruits provided it conforms
to the specifications of the
factory.

GHANA


SOUTH AFRICA

LIST OF COMPANIES BARRED FROM U.S. MARKETS

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 13 Nov 86 p 10

[Text]

WASHINGTON. — South African companies
barred from exporting to America are:

African Body and Coach (Pty) Ltd (Putco subsid-
iary), Alein Karoo Landoukooperasie Ltd, Altana’
(Pty) Ltd, Aluminum Investment Co (Pty) Ltd,
Lausaf (Pty) Ltd, Alustang (Pty) Ltd, Alzira Finan-
cial (Pty) Ltd, Andromeda Electronic Systems
(Pty) Ltd, Armaments Corporation of SA Ltd, At-
lantis Aluminum (Pty) Ltd, Atlantis Diesel Engines
(Pty) Ltd, Atlas Aircraft Ltd, Atomic Energy Cor-
poration of SA, Ayon Wire (Pty) Ltd (Union Steel
subsidiary).

Bophuthatswana_ National Development Corpo-
ration Ltd, Cape Town Iron & Steel Works (Pty)
Ltd (Iscor subsidiary), Central Energy Fund (Pty)
Ltd (and subsidiaries), Ciskei People’s Develop-
ment Bank, Coastal Coal (Pty) Ltd (Iscor subsid-
iary), Commission for Fresh Produce Markets,
Community Development Fund, Computer Tech-
nology (Pty) Ltd (Comtec), Co-operative Wine
Growers (KWV) Corporation for Public Deposits,
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research and
its susidiary institutes.

Crown Body & Coach (Pty) Ltd (Putco subsid-
iary), Dalestone (Pty) Ltd (Iscor subsidiary), De-
partment of Posts and Telecommunications, De-
velopment Bank of Southern Africa, Donkerhoek
Quartzite (Pty) Ltd (Iscor subsidiary), Dubigeon
Plastics SA (Pty) Ltd (Putco subsidiary), Dunswart
Iron & Steel Works Ltd (Iscor subsidiary), Duntex /
Property (Pty) Ltd, The Durban Navigation Col-
lieries (Pty) tia (Iscor subsidiary), Electricity Sup-
ply Commission (Escom), Eloptro (Pty) Ltd (Arms-
cor subsidiary).

Ernani Property (Pty) Ltd, Export Finance De-
velopment Co (Pty) Ltd, First National Develop-
ment Corporation of SAW Ltd, Fisheries Develop-
ment Corporation of SA, Foskem (Pty) Ltd,
Grootageluk Coal Mine Construction Co (Pty) Ltd
(Iscor subsidiary), Heckett SA (Pty) Ltd (Iscor sub-
sidiary), Hall and Pickles (Coastal) (Pty) Ltd
(Union Steel subsidiary), Holbane Colliery (Iscor
subsidiary), Hooggenoeg Marketing (Pty) Ltd (High
Enough), I Stores (Pty) Ltd (Iscor subsidiary).

90

Imcor Tin (Pty) Ltd (Namibia) (Iscor subsidiary),
Imcor Zinc (Pty) Ltd (Namibia) (Iscor subsidiary),
Industrial Development Corporation of SA Ltd, In-
dustrial Minerals Development Co (Pty) Ltd, Info-
plan International Karakul Secretariat, Iscor Ber-
lin (Pty) Ltd (Iscor subsidiary), Iscor Utility Stores
(Pty) Ltd (Iscor subsidiary), Kangwane Economic
Development Corporation Ltd, Kentron (Pty) Ltd,
Kindoe Group Konbel (Pty) Ltd, Konchem (Pty)

Konoil (Pty) Ltd, Kwandebele Development Cor-
poration Ltd, Kwazulu Finance Investment Corpo-
ration Ltd, Land and Agricultural Bank of SA,
Land and Agricultural Bank of SWA, Lebowa De-
velopment Corporation Ltd, Light Metals Invest-
ment Co (Pty) Ltd, Lyttelton Engineering Works
Ltd, Marmain (Pty) Ltd, Mavaco (Pty) Ltd, Mer-
cedes Datakor (Pty) Ltd, Minsa (Pty) Ltd (Iscor
subsidiary), Motor Vehicle Assurance Fund Mus-
grave (Pty) Ltd, Nabucco Investments (Pty) Ltd.

Naschem National Building and Investment Cor-
poration (SWA), National Materials Service Corpo-
ration (Pty) (Union Steel subsidiary), National Se-
lections (IDC subsidiary), Navik (Pty) Ltd, Ootra
Inmakers (Pty) Ltd (Eastern Packers), Palafos
(Pty) Ltd, Phosphate Development Corporation Ltd
(Foskor), Pietersburg Iron Co (Pty) Ltd (Iscor sub-
Sidiary), Post Office Savings Bank, Pretoria Metal
Pressings, Public Investment Commissioners,
Putco Ltd, Qwaqwa Development Corporation Ltd.

Rand Water Board, Rehoboth Finance and De-
velopment Corporation Ltd, Reinsurance Fund for
Export Credit and Foreign Investment, Rosamond
Properties (Pty) Ltd, Rustenberg Industrial Fi-
nance (Pty) Ltd, Saldok (Pty) Ltd, Sapekoe (Pty)
Ltd (and subsidiaries), Sasol Ltd (and subsidiaries).
Sasol Three (Pty) Ltd, Satchem (Pty) Ltd, Shan-
gaan-Tsonga Development Corporation Ltd, Sie-
mens Ltd, Small Business Development Corpora-
tion, Somchem (Pty) Ltd, SA Abbatoir Corporation.

SA Abattoir Commission, SA Banana Board, SA
Banknote Co, SA Broadcasting Corporation, SA
Canning Fruit Board, SA Chicory Board, SA Citrus
Board, SA Cotton Board, SA Dairy Board, SA De-
ciduous Fruit Board, SA Development Trust Co
Ltd, SA Dried Fruit Board, SA Dried Bean Board,
SA Egg Board, SA Gas Distribution Corporation
Ltd, SA Inventions Development Corporation, SA
Iron and Steel Corporation (and subsidiaries) (Is-
cor), SA Karakul Board, SA Lucerne Seed Board.



ZAIRE: The principal port is Matadi, 150
kilometres from the mouth of the Zaire river,
served by deep-water vessels with on-
carriage to Kinshasa by rail and road. Major
cities in the south, such as Lubumbashi, use
South African ports for their major import
and export route. Eastern towns tend to be
served via Dar es Salaam and Mombasa.
Cargoes moving through the Kenyan port
are carried by road; those through Dar tend
to move by rail to Lake Tanganyika where
they are transhipped on to barges.

Major port developments planned for east and southern
Africa

SUDAN

Third phase of Port Sudan expansion. Still considered some ‘way off, despite
government's desire to get under way.

DJIBOUTI

Tendering under way for extension of container terminal quay and water depth tobe
increased to 13 metres. Around 15 hectares of storage area to be provided.
ETHIOPIA

Assab— tenders called for tug berth, repairs to berths 13 and 14 and new handling
equipment planned.

SOMALIA

Container equipment at Mogadishu, plus freight station and emergency repairs to
breakwater, new freight station at Berbera and workshops and stores at. Kismayu.
Tendering under way for completion by 1989.

KENYA

Mombasa — 45-hectare container terminal planned outside port area. Improvements to
Shimanzi multi-product berth and Kipevu oil terminal planned for 1987.

TANZANIA

Dar es Salaam — new berth container terminal with advanced back-up equipment under
way. Rail transfer facility also to be provided, plus construction of an inland clearance
depot 10 kilometres away at Ubungo.

MOZAMBIQUE

Nacala— development of container terminal planned. Wharf to be extended. by 400
metres.

Beira — $200 million first-phase expansion under way, due for completion by 1990, as
part of wider rehabilitation of inland links. Dredging for port to handle ships of up to
25,000 tons, new oil terminal and new multi-purpose, container, cereal, sugar and
tobacco terminals priority, along with specialised handling facilities.



BOTHA'S LEGACY SEEN AS MILITARIZATION OF COUNTRY

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 8 Nov 86 p 6

[Commentary by Gerald Shaw]

[Text]

RESIDENT P W Botha put’

his governmental estate in
order this week, appointing Mr
Alwyn Schlebusch as his po-
litical executor.

For the country, the Botha
legacy is essentially the milita-
rization of South Africa.

Whites will be expected to go
into laager, accompanied by
those of the elite in the other
communities who may be will-
ing to follow them.

The Botha reform, for what it
has been worth, is of secon-
dary importance — now more
so than ever.

The key element in the
Botha era has been his en-
hancement of military power
— and his dependence on the
advice of the military brass
and military intelligence in re-
gional, international and even
domestic affairs. The
diplomatists have been the
handmaidens of the military,
as now once again in the
Malawi affair.

At an early stage, President
Botha’s transformation of the
State Security Council into the
key organ of government set
the tone for what was to follow.
Militarization of South African
society is now far advanced,
right down to the military-led
security management commit-
tees at the local level.

Whatever his mildly reform-
ist proclivities may have been,
Mr Botha has always been a
hawk in questions of national
security — notably in regional
affairs — and his militarists
are now firmly in control of the
country.

Mr Botha’s bottom line has
always been the maintenance
of Afrikaner Nationalist group
identity and political control,
reform or no reform.

it the region, South Africa —
feared and distrusted — is
now paying the price for the
Botha policy of destabilization
of its neighbour states.

This policy has devastated
Mozambique and huge areas of
Angola, not to speak of inter-
mittent mayhem in Lesotho,
Botswana and further afield.

‘The result has been chaos in
Mozambique, where South
African recce commandos are
now said to be leading the
Malawi-based MNR assault on
the the Beira corridor’s com-
munications links.

It is hardly occasion for sur-
prise that Mozambique and
Zimbabwe have been threaten-
ing to blockade Malawi and
are making contingency plans
to force President Banda to
stop backing the MNR (Re-
namo) guerrillas.

Pretoria, plagued by ANC
guerrillas, has been following
precisely the same technique

against Maputo and for similar
reasons.

We must allow Mr Pik Botha
his SABC revelations and
melodramas, countering the
propaganda which blames
South Africa for shooting down
President Machel. But it is a
dismal game, by any standards.
The purpose of the Machel-
Mugabe meeting in Harare was
hardly a secret. The Beira cor-
ridor is President Mugabe's
lifeline to the sea, if Zimbabwe
is to escape total dependence
on South Africa.

73

SOUTH AFRICA

RETORIA’S destabiliza-
tion of its neighbours is
resolutely disavowed. And
Pretoria’s disavowals are as
readily disbelieved. History
will judge the wisdom or other-
wise of such policies, but the
moral rights and wrongs are
already plain enough. If you
sponsor murderous bands of
terrorists in your neighbour
states to make war on civilians,
what does this do to the moral
integrity of your own anti-ter-
rorist campaign? Thousands of
innocent people have died in
Mozambique to meet the ob-
jectives of Pretoria’s counter-
insurgency strategists. Does
the end ultimately justify the
means?
What has been achieved?
The landmine atrocities con-
tinue in the Eastern Transvaal.

It is by no means clear that our
neighbour states are able to do
anything very effective to curb
the movement of guerrillas
back and forth across their ter-
ritories. There are political
and practical limits to what
they can do or are willing to
jo.

So the policy has not worked,
and no matter how many more
innocents must die on both
sides, it will not work in future
as a counter-insurgency strata-
gem.

Of course, there are other
objectives, notably to counter
the imposition of sanctions by
the frontline states. But wheth-
er the game will be worth the
candle in countering sanctions
is likewise dubious.

_ So President Botha’s legacy
is one of continuing stepped-
up hostilities in the region and
increasing mobilization of the
white community at home, lat-
terly up to the age of 55! Mobi-
lization against whom? Why is



VISAS FOR FOREIGN TRAVEL BECOMING MORE RESTRICTIVE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Nov 86 p 9

[Article by Dominique Gilbert]

[Text]

AS UNCERTAINTY surrounds over-
seas possibilities for SA tourists, con-
sulates are being inundated with ap-
plicants seeking second passports,
says the Association of Southern Afri-
can Travel Agents (Asata).

They cite as an example the Ger-
man Consulate, normally always
reasonably quiet, but which today is
filled with lawyers and consultants
who accompany dual passport-seek-
ers.

Meanwhile, they claim that obtain-
ing visas for overseas travel is be-
coming more restrictive and cite
recent clamps Portugal, Spain,
Japan and the US.

They say every visa application for
Portugal now has to be referred to
Lisbon for processing, which can take
up to five weeks. “This is particularly
surprising in view of the country’s
friendliness to SA and because the
huge Portuguese community (700 000)
sends hefty remittances out of SA,”
said Asata executive Karl Flatau.

But a spokeswoman for the Portu-
guese Consulate denied the claim,
saying that “new laws” now govern a
more discerning issuing of visas in

/13046
CSO: 3400/464

order to prevent the constant inflow
of refugees into Portugal.

She maintained that the restric-
tions are aimed largely at Mozambi-
cans, Botswanans and Portuguese
refugees from Central Africa, who
have been arriving in Portugal by the
thousands.

The only difference in applications
now, she said, is that applicants must
show proof of return tickets before
they are granted visas. She pointed
out that SA naturalised Portuguese-
speaking people are no longer consid-

y esman
also denied that new restrictions are
being placed on SA visa applicants.
He said a new system, it luced on
November 1, has brought regulations
for visa applications in line with those
required worldwide.

‘Before we did not press for too
much information. Now we want to
know which hotels they will stay at,
whether they have bookings, suffi-
cient funds (a minimum of $50 per
day), that sort of thing,” he said.

focoming tourism to SA is nearly

79

SOUTH AFRICA

dead and SA tourists now spend clos-
er to home, says Asata, because over-
seas destinations have out-priced SA

‘kets and red tape on visa applica-
ions has inc!

Another development, according to
Asata — which has tried to assess the
effect of boycotts and sanctions on SA
— is that, as visa applications to
European countries are being tight-
ened, the Far East is becoming a

more destination for the SA
popular
However, at home, South Africans.

spend more time trav through.
country and are not staying at
hotels. Instead they appear to be
“packing the kids into the back of the

tion wagon and driving down to a
rented ge”,

Asata maintains that this is be-
cause local hotel room rates are still
too high and, as a result, hotel bed-
nights are declining.

Also, the holiday/property industry
is booming at the expense of local
hoteliers, Say, but point out that
timeshare units have “turned out a
pees, disaster for the singles mar-

which chooses to take holidays in
a more haphazard manner”.



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

NEED FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ARGUED
Nairobi FINANCIAL REVIEW in English Oct 86 p 2
[Editorial]

[Text]

During the conference on the enabling environment for
private enterprise in sub-Saharan Africa which ended in
Nairobi last week, much-effort was expended on the
kinds of policy reforms that are needed to encourage free
enterprise on the continent. Not as much, however, was
devoted to the crucial issue of technological transfer
from the developed countries to Africa. Private enter-
prise from foreign investment is welcome in Africa, but
the ultimate aim of African countries is to develop some
sense of self-sufficiency in those economic activities that
are vital for the survival of a nation. Unfortunately,
much of what goes by the name of foreign. investment
increases rather than decreases dependency by develop-
ing nations. Technologies which consist of nothing more
than assembly of foreign designed products or formula-
tion of chemicals from imported ingredients add very
little to the value of imported commodities and often end
up being more expensive than the finished products if
they were imported instead of assembled or formulated.
Worse, they give the false impression of technology
transfer when in fact the host nation has little or nothing
to show for its efforts in terms of acquired skills at the
end of the day.

.African and other developing nations ought to pay
greater attention to the challenge of technology transfer
when negotiating deals with foreign investors. Manage-
ment contracts for industrial projects in which foreign
investors are involved should be scrutinised thoroughly
to ensure that meaningful transfer of skills and
technology are effected in the shortest possible period.
Ideally, the African nations should insist on outright
purchase of technology wherever possible instead of
arrangements which call for indefinite payment of
royalties to the holder of the patent to the technology. In

-many cases the technologies which are suitable for
African nations are in any case no longer. economically
competitive if used in developed countries. African



Need For Clothing

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 8 Nov 86 p 9

[Article by Jenny Cullum]

[Text]

A PAIR of shoes is something
which most of us take for granted.
But for an unemployed
workseeker, a pensioner, or a
three-year-old child who has never

owned any, a pair of shoes can -

mean a great deal.

A Port Elizabeth couple, Mr
John King and his wife, Sheila,
spend much of their spare time at
their home in Mill Park sur-
rounded by shoes, old and new.

They sort, mend, renovate, stitch
and glue shoes for the needy. This
year they have already passed on
1000 pairs.

Mrs King handles the clothing
section of the Loaves and Fishes
scheme of St John’s Methodist
Church, which gives out family
food parcels once a month, mainly
to unemployed and aged folk.

“I was upset that so many had no
shoes or broken shoes. People look-
ing for work had to walk from the
township to town. The need for
shoes was so great that I started to
collect them,” said Mrs King.

Her main source is a PE factory
which sends her many hundreds of
pairs of rejects and returns.

Her husband, who is connected
with the shoe trade, as well as
other factories and donors, and
church members, help by bringing
in more shoes.

Some shoes are brand new and
some are worn. But there are
never enough to #0 around. .

“Children’s and school shoes, and
sturdy men’s and women’s shoes,
fre most needed. Clothing ‘of all
kinds is also very short, and fire
victims sometimes have nothing
left at all.

“I think that many people in PE
have no idea of the desperate
plight of some of the unemployed. I
have had babies brought here who
have no clothes at all, not even a
napkin.

“One unemployed man, who was
very depressed about having no
work, told me that it was “hard to
be a man” and not to be able to get
work to support his family. «

Mrs King has had many sad
cases seeking help.

Some children have never
owned a pair of shoes and this
week a grandmother was seeking a
pair of shoes for her grandchild
who was to be baptised. She keeps
records of the foot sizes of the fam-
ilies on their books.

Neither Mr or Mrs King had any
previous experience of mending
shoes.

Mrs King matches shoes, sews
buckles back, removes trimming
and stitches to make the shoes as
good as new. Mr King glues soles
back in place and does heavy
stitching.

They have recently had help
with the mending from an unem-
ployed footwear worker.

/12828
CSO: 3400/490

107



SOUTH AFRICA

MILITARY'S HOPE FOR RENAMO TAKEOVER IN MOZAMBIQUE CRITICIZED

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 17 Nov 86 p 6

[Open Letter to General P. W. van der Westhuizen by Robin Hallett]

[Text]

DTM. General Van der Westhuizen,

You were for a good many years head of
South African Military Intelligence, a position that
brought you into close contact with the various
dissident groups in neighbouring states and espe-
cially with Renamo or the MNR in Mozambique.

_ You are now secretary of the State Security Coun-
cil and therefore one of the most powerfully placed
decision-makers in South Africa,

You have then been an active Participant in the
policy of destabilization. Now you are reported to
be the SADF’s “leading hawk on Mozambique”. I
quote from the London Economist of October 25,
bearing in mind that the Economist, most influen-
tial of British weeklies, has always been remark-
ably well informed on South African affairs,

“The Department of Military Intelligence,” the
Economist asserts, “wanted to push Mr Machel out
and make a deal with Renamo. It wished to place
the strategic corridor from Zimbabwe to the
Mozambique port of Beira either in friendly hands
= meaning Renamo’s — or in those of a neutered
Frelimo government. The first solution would give
the South Africans another route for sanctions-
busting; the second would ensure that sanctions
against South Africa would hurt Mozambique and
Zimbabwe too.”

TX, 2275, 2t the time of the first South African
ALintervention in Angola there were senior officers
in the SADF who believed that their task force
could have taken Luanda, the Angolan capital, and
gone on with FNLA and Unita support to gain
control of the whole country. I believe that they
were profoundly wrong over Angola.

In the same way I believe that those who look
forward to a Renamo take-over in Mozambique are
not serving South Africa's best interests. I do not
Propose to argue the case in moral and humanitar-
ian terms — though those terms are surely far from
insignificant — but in terms that I know you will
appreciate; those of realpolitik.

Let me begin by trying to state as fairly as I can
what seems to be your position. You are engaged in
a desperate sruggle for survival, a struggle that
becomes the more desperate as a very large part of
the international community expresses its increas-
ing hostility to the government you serve. As a
soldier it is your task to provide your government
with that basic security that is essential for the
maintenance of power.

Mozambique is ruled by an avowedly Marxist
regime — and with Marxists, you firmly believe,
there can in the last resort be no room for compro-
mise. The political divide is too great. Whatever
tactical moves they may make — such as agreeing to
the Nkomati Accord — they always remain the
enemy. And a soldier's prime task is to counter and
ultimately destroy his country’s enemies.

From such a standpoint the overthrow of Frelimo
and its replacement by Renamo make very good
sense. With Renamo in control of the greater part
of Mozambique, Zimbabwe would indeed become
South Africa’s hostage. (A turn of the switch on the
Beira pipeline would be enough to cut off essential
oil supplies.)

Should the rest of the world resort to increasing-
ly stringent sanctions, South Africa would be able
to use Maputo and possibly also Beira as ports
-through which to pass essential imports and ex-

ports.

B LOCKED out on the map, such a scenario has an
almost mathematical exactness about it.
Forcibly stated, it must sound immensely persua-
sive. However, I believe that it overlooks three vital
factors.

The first is Frelimo’s resilience. Certainly from
press reports Frelimo looks like a punch-drunk
boxer: few governments in recent times have had to
suffer the blows of such a cruel range of natural
and political disasters. No wonder grown men and
women burst into tears at Samora Machel’s funeral.
He had indeed inspired his people to survive.

77



/13046
cso:

3400/465

~The law will also be éhanged to assist unemployed people who-
undertake a training course and widowers who were dependent on
their: wives. Up until now, a widower has had to prove he was also
sickly. :

The UIF was only one way in which the Government was at-
tempting to ameliorate the situation and assist the unemployed in
South Africa, said Dr van der Merwe.

According to the latest current population survey there are pres-
ently 700000 unemployed in South Africa. This figure excludes the
four independent homelands. Other “non-official” estimates. put
the number of jobless at 1,7 mil- a
lion and others as high as 3 mil-
lion.

There was no instant solution
to the problem, said Dr van der
Merwe.

However, the present multi-
million rand job creation and
training programmes are the
most comprehensive and inten-
sive project to relieve the situa-
tion and create jobs yet undeta-
ken by a South African Govern-
ment.

Successful

Dr van der Merwe added that
it was also the. most ‘successful
programme. =

However, the solution is not
only the Government's task. The
private sector also has .an im-
portant contribution to make, he
said. es

103



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MOST WHITE HOMES IN PWV--Nearly 40% of SA's white dwellings are in the PWV
area, says a survey released yesterday by Unisa's Bureau for Market
Research. Last year, all the dwellings in SA and the TBVC homelands-~
occupied and unoccupied--totalled 5,6-million. Blacks occupied 3,4-million
of these and whites 1,6-million. Just more than 29% of black dwellings are
in Natal, KwaZulu and northern Transkei. The Johannesburg district has the
most white dwellings (157 000) and Wynberg, Cape, the most coloured
dwellings (89 000). A significant finding indicating the extent of the
platteland-depopulation process was the low occupation figures in a large
number of rural areas. The highest percentage of permanently occupied
white houses was in the PWV area (4% more than the national average) and
the lowest was in the Northern Cape (16% below average). Standerton had
the highest growth in the number of white homes between 1980 and 1985--37%
above average. [By Gerald Reilly] [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 11 Nov 86 p 4] /13046

NEW LANGUAGE FOR PRETORTA--Ac¢ording to the Human Sciences Research Council,
Pretoria Sotho, has established itself in Pretoria, cutting through cultural
and ethnic barriers among blacks iri the region. The language, of which the
HSRC has made an in-depth study, allows speakers of various African languages
such as the Northern Sotho, Tswana, Zulu and Ndebele to communicate with one
another. The HRSC newslettér, compiled by Dr G K Schuring, highlights the
following points: -An investigation in 1952 by the University of Pretoria
into the composition of thé population of Atteridgeville revealed that only
53 percent of the marriéd subjects had married into their own dialect group.
-An HRSC investigation revédled that 40 percent of the 619 adults and 57 per-
cent of the matric ptipils interviewed in Pretotia were the offspring of mixed
marriages. "Pretoria Sotho, which is basically a Sotho language, is not only
spoken by members of the Sdétho families but also by 71 percent of the respon-
dents of mixed marriages, such as Sotho marrying non-Sotho, and even by 38
percent of the people from fon-Sotho marriages, such as Ndebele marrying
Ndebele or Zulu marrying Zulu." Dz Sctiuring described Pretoria Sotho as a
mixture of languages. Prétoria Sotho, he added, was used for everyday
communication by most of the approximately 300 000 black inhabitants of
Pretoria. "But the informdi colloquial languages are not used in formal
situations or in documents where the standard languages (such as Northern
Sotho and Tswana) are preferred." [By Sol Makgabutlane] [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Nov 86 p 13] /13046

88


NIGER

BRIEFS

IMF LOAN--The IMF board is expected to approve a SDR 10 million ($12 million)
one-year standby loan and a SDR 15 million($18 million) structural adjust-
ment facility (SAF) on 17 November. The new package of support for Niger's
economy will replace the SDR 13.5 million ($16.2 million) one-year standby
due to expire on 4 December--that facility should be fully drawn down by

the end of the year. IMF sources say the government satisfactorily complied
with its performance criteria during the last monitoring period (AED 18:10:86;
1:3:86).[Text][London AED in English 8 Nov 86 p 8]/12828

EEC FUNDS IRRIGATION--Agreement on EEC funding of ECU 92 million ($96.2 million)

in grants and loans for a major agricultural irrigation programme was reached
during the 21 October visit of EEC Development Commissioner Lorenzo Natali.
Most of the aid will be provided in grant form by the European Development
Fund (EDF) and come from Niger's ECU 120 million ($125.5 million) allocation
under the third Lome Convention, which has been earmarked for rural develop-
ment and food security, with a topping-up element of loans from the European
Investment Bank (EIB). Of the total, ECU 67 million ($70 million) will
support a planned integrated project to irrigate 2,110 hectares along the
Niger river at Lata, Gabou, Bonfega and Kirtachi, mainly to cultivate rice,
while fruit, vegetables and trees--for both fuel-wood and timber--will also
be grown. The project also includes construction of feeder roads, rural
electricity supply and a marketing component. Reorganisation of the state
agency Riz du Niger (Rini) will also be undertaken. There is some concern
over the comparative cost of locally produced rice and imports, AED
understands. Imported rice is available at CFA 115 ($0.35) a kilo, while
the production cost for rice grown under the project would be around

CFR 200 ($0.61), EEC officials say. A detailed feasibility study is due

to get under way early next year. A further ECU 25 million ($26.2 million)
will be provided for smaller projects to irrigate some 980 hectares around
Tarka, Zinder, Dallol Maouri and Dallol Bosso. Despite the reticence of
other donors, the EEC is considering providing a cash injection for the
state agricultural credit institution Caisse Nationale de Credit Agricole
(CNCA) which has accumulated liabilities some CFA 10,000 million ($30.7
million).[Text][London AED in English 1 Nov 86 p 9]/12828

IDB TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE--The Jeddah-based Islamic Development Bank (IDB)

is granting a total of $630,000 in technical assistance for two agricultural
projects. A $450,000 grnat will be used to prepare a feasibility study on
rehabilitation of over 200,000 hectares of pastoral land in various areas.

A second grant of $180,000 will part-finance a feasibility study on an

integrated oases development project, designed to benefit semi-nomadic herders,

[Text][London AED in English 10 Nov 86 p 10]/12828

CSO: 3400/493 56



MOZAMBIQUE

COOPERATIVE UNION BEGINS IRRIGATION SERVICES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Nov 86 p 8

[Text] To expand. the irrigated area and improve the effectiveness of irrigation
in the cooperatives most stricken by the lack of. water, the General Union of
Agricultural-Livestock Cooperatives of Maputo organized. a hydraulic and irri-
gation service. The Office of Green Zones, as a structure in the state apparat,
backed and praised the action of that peasant organization, inasmuch as it
constitutes a major initiative for solving the drought problem in certain areas
with a scientific and technical capacity.

This new service of the General Union divides its activity between the maintenance
of the facilities and existing equipment and the installation of new equipment.

During the first half of this year, although this service was still in the
organizational and consolidation phase, it achieved installation for pumps

in 18 water holes, set up 13 new electrical facilities, and installed five wind-
mills and nine new irrigation systems.

In addition to having undertaken these new facilities, the General Union's
hydraulic service engaged in constant maintenance work on equipment already
in operation. According to a technician from the sector, this maintenance
includes the repair of engines, pumps, windmills, electrical facilities, and
piping sytems.

At a meeting held recently, the head of this service, engineer Rall, said: "The
hydraulic sector's strategy has been to give priority to the supply of water to
the cooperatives. still lacking it, and to increase the amount of water available
to the cooperatives which are better organized, as well as to improve the irri-
gation systems existing in them."

The technician added: "At the same time, work has been done aimed at electrify-
ing the largest possible number of pumps and at putting the largest possible
number of water holes into operation."

The improvement of the irrigation techniques is also a:concern of. this service.
For this purpose, with the support of a UNICEF project, it has begun the

52


GHANA

RADIO COMMENTARY ON UK, U.S. MOVES AGAINST SYRIA
ABL42248 Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 GMT 14 Nov 86
[A.B. Fuseni commentary]

[Text] Progressive and steadfast Syria has followed the Libyan Arab
Jamahiriyah as the next target in the imperialist alliance's onslaught to
intimidate and liquidate progressive regimes and states all over the world.
The British government of Mrs Maragaret Thatcher, which only recently accused
Syria of involvement in an attempt to blow up an Israeli airliner in London,
has moved with a speed of light to solicit the support of members of the
European Community to impose sanctions on Syria. The European Community, at
Britain's request and under U.S. pressure, has imposed limited sanctions
including a ban on arms sale to Syria, suspension of high-level diplomatic
visits to and from Syria, and a curb on Syrian diplomatic activity.

This is but another sinister move in the grand strategy of imperialism to
intimidate and subjugate progressive states and popular regimes which refuse
to serve imperialism. This move by the British government is both
premeditated and preposterous and should be seen as another version of the
Reagan administration's policy of disinformation and destabilization of Libya
and other progressive countries. It is important, in objectively appraising
this latest British move, to pause and ask a few questions. Has the British
government produced any concrete evidence implicating Syria in the alleged
attempt to blow up the Israeli plane? Has the Syrian government been offered
the opportunity to answer these allegations? Has the British government
positively exhausted all the normal channels of diplomacy open to it in the
peaceful resolution of conflicts as advocated by the United Nations and
international law?

It is important to note that Britain, the United States, and other countries
in the NATO alliance have a subtle way of coining terms and manipulating
events to fall in line with their plans. Take, for example, their definition
of terrorism, and one would find that their staunchest allies in the Middle
East and Africa, Zionist Israel and racist South Africa, who daily kill,
brutalize and terrorize the Palestinians and black people of Africa, are not
labeled terrorists, but ridiculously termed as nationalists. On the other
hand, the PLO and the ANC, which are fighting to redeem their people from the
exploitation and oppression of these evil forces, are regarded as terrorists.
So, countries like Syria, Libya, Iran, and so on, which offer support to the

14


MOZAMBIQUE

BRITISH MILITARY ATTACHE URGES IMPROVED LOGISTICAL SUPPORT

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 Oct 86 p 11

[Text]

LOGISTIC support for soldiers of
the Mozambican national army
fighting MNR bandits is ‘in a
desperate state” and is in serious
need of improvement if the for-
eign assistance being given — such
as the equipment and training be-
ing supplied by the British — is to
be of any significance.

This was said by Colonel Mike
Bowden, the British military attaché
to Mozambique; Zimbabwe and
Botswana, in an interview with the
Gazette following the announce-
ment last week that the British firm
of Hall and Watts (Defence Sales)
Ltd, is to supply Mozambique with
£1,6 million worth of equipment
and training.

“don't have any illusions that
all the assistance being given to
Mozambique will énable them to
win in the short term’’, he said.
“They just have to improve their
logistic support, which is in a
desperate state.

“You cannot expect soldiers,
however well-trained, to continue
with poor equipment and a lack of
simple necessities like boots, food
and pay. There is the need for
proper support, for the soldiers to
win the hearts and minds of the peo-
ple, and to instill in them the will-
power to hold any area they tak

/13046
cso: 3400/447

Colonel Bowden said that British
military interest in this region is
aimed at ‘‘building for the future’”
in the training of Mozambican sold-
iers, to bring peace and stability not
only to that country but throughout
southern Africa.

Reiterating an earlier denial that
his government had anything to do
with the £1,6 million equipment and
training contract won by Hall and
Watts, he said however that ‘‘as the
defence attaché in the British em-
bassy in Maputo, I was told that
they (the Mozambicans) were plan-
ning special training for a force to
help protect the Nacala railway line
and were to buy equipment for it.

““T advised them that they could
get a better deal by going through
an agency to procure all the differ-
ent types of equipment and arrange
for the training. { was worried that
they were going to just fritter money
away, buying penny packages here,
there and everywhere, and buying
equipment not compatible with that
of the rest of their army.””

“Hall and Watts sent their peo-
ple to Maputo tor discussions with
officials, including the president. I
was there, as the president’s advi-
sor, much as in this country T am
Zimbabwe's advisor with regard to

43

buying British. The equipment is ar-
riving in Mozambique now, and the
training has already started.””

Ina trilateral agreement between
the governments of Zimbabwe,
Mozambique and Britain, the Brit-
ish are currently training groups of
up to 60 young Mozambican army
officers in Nyanga, in basic military
skills. The aim, Colonel Bowden
said, is to get them to the stage, in
12 weeks, where they are capable
of commanding a platoon.

“Some fail and some are good
enough to go on to command a.com-
pany”, he said. ‘The courses have
generally been quite successful,
with a reasonable pass rate of about
two-thirds. The third group is here
now”. :

Colonel Bowden described him-
self as a ‘*westerner’’ in Mozam-
bique (compared with the 800 or so
Soviet advisers in that country), and
thus “while they are beginning to
trust me more and more, it is still
not easy to get to know what hap-
pens: The first group of officers we
trained should be in Tete Province,
being trained further in one of the
Zimbabwean training camps; and
the second group should be in the
Chimoio area of Manica province.
The third group will pass out just
before Christmas’’.



delegation, which went to Moscow after Samora's funeral. There is an essential
strategic reason for a change of alliances: The future of all of southern
Africa is at stake in Mozambique. This being the case, no Front Line country
will fail to accept military backing owing to the front's ideological hue.

There appear to be two ways of dealing with Malan's plans.

On the one hand, the unity of the Front Line armies, possibly backed outside
of the region by the USSR and India; or else, the West (particularly the U.S.)
will decide for once and for all to check Malan's military adventures, either
unequivocally threatening the South African Government, or starting a military
blockade against South Africa.

We are certain about one thing: Samora Machel's death was not. Pretoria's
end goal. It was, indeed, a crucial element in a more extensiva plan for
widespread destabilization in the area which would facilitate its political
disintegration... Once disintegrated, the area would be "ready" for Malan
to enter with his army as a "peace-making" force.

In previous articles, we have written that the political power base of Malan
and the other South African military chiefs is the destabilization of the
area's countries. Without the command of armies of bandits, those generals
would lose political power in Pretoria, and would be left politically unem-
ployed.

Hence, following their logic, it is necessary to maintain a permanent cordon
of destabilization inside and outside of South Africa, where the future army
of armed bandits consisting of "vigilantes," a unit of brutal police, and
the military units of the "Inkhata" (Gatsha Buthelez) is being built.

To keep up this destabilization, Malan and his colleagues must eliminate all
the leaders who are factors for stability (days before the death of Samora
Machel, there was a rumor circulating that he had already died, and, at the
same time, a South African commando group was attempting to kill Mugabe).

In view of this destabilization logic, and in view of the fact that Samora
Machel is dead, it is only logical for the world to wonder what is going to
happen to Nelson Mandela.

2909
CSO: 3442/37

47



/12828
cso;

Trade

“Israel is jeopardizing its
humanistic tradition. Its deci-
sion to supply weapons in par-
ticular clearly puts it in the
position of siding with Pre-
toria,” said Mr Rubin, pointing
to a recent cover of a South
African magazine showing a
boy carrying an Israeli-made
Uzi sub-machine-gun.

Israeli government statistics
show trade between the two
countries totalled about R555
million in 1985. Dozens of Is-
raeli businesses operate in
South Africa, including Koor,
Israel’s biggest conglomerate,
and Solel Boneh, the largest
‘engineering and construction
firm.

In addition, South Africa
uses Israel as a springboard to
some otherwise closed mar-
kets, Several businesses have
pacts to import semi-finished
goods here from South Africa,
add 35 percent local content in
keeping with international
trade laws, and market the

product as Israeli.

Several prominent Israelis,
including former Finance Min-
ister Mr Yoram Aridor, have
businesses in the 10 Pretoria-
established “homelands”.

3400/499

76

israel is one of the few gov-
ernments that offers some
measure of recognition to the
homelands, which South Afri-
can blacks claim are fake
states created to exclude
blacks from power in South
Africa and control their move-
ments.

Israel’s special links to
South Africa stem, too, from its
unusually close ties to the
country’s Jews. Since Israel's
founding, no Jewish commun-
ity anywhere outside Israel
has been “quite as intensely
Israeli-oriented as the South
Africans”, Middle East histori-
an Howard Sachar wrote in his
1979 book, “A History of
Israel”.

A higher percentage of
South African Jews belong to
Zionist organizations than in
any other country in the world,
and South African Jews give
more money to Israel than the
Jews of any other country, ex-
cept the United States.

The South African Zionist
Federation and Israel’s immi-
gration authorities have
launched a campaign to per-
suade South African Jews to
come to Israel. They are offer-
ing unprecedented financial
inducements, including spe-
cial housing and loans.

South African Jews, general-
ly wealthy, have been reluc-
tant to leave South Africa. The
country’s financial restrictions
prevent them from withdraw-
ing their money, and Israel’s
economic woes are a further
deterrent.

Mr Len Charney, chairman
of the South African Zionist
Federation, says only 300
South African Jews came to
Israel in 1985. — Sapa-AP



In this connection, the ambassador claimed that the aforementioned changes had
been due to “corruption problems," attributing to the magazine, with circulation
limited to subscribers, the intention of damaging the good relations between
Portugal and Angola, with this report.

Mawete Batista said that, "AFRICA CONFIDENCIAL is banned from entering Angola,
at a recent decision by the MPLA's tpolitburo,'"because it is a publication
“subsidized by Americans and South Africans to protect their interests."

Figueiredo, who worked. in Angola, told EXPRESSO
that “it repudiates this claim, which is completely groundless and inappropriate."
And he gave assurance that the bulletin that he edits "does not publish even

50 percent of what it knows about the activities of the Angolan Embassy in

The magazine's editor, Xavier de

Portugal."

2909
CSO: 3442/22



According to calculations based on a study, the 400 pumps can serve a total of
about 100,000 persons, and each well has a production rate of 3,000 liters per
hour, which comes out to about 150 20-liter buckets per hour for the same
number of persons.

Enrico Granara, second secretary at the Italian Embassy in Maputo, said that
his country understands the difficulties that Mozambique is now experiencing
and that it therefore approved an emergency aid program which has been funnel-
ing gifts of equipment, clothing and foodstuffs to Mozambique.

This past week, Italy delivered 3,500 metric tons of rice and other foods for
the victims of drought and war.

The pump delivery ceremony, which was held at the container dock at the port
of Maputo, was also attended by Andre Mapanzene, director of HIDROMOC. This
Mozambican company, which specializes in repairing pumps and importing and
distributing spare parts, will be in charge of distributing the pumps.

8844
CSO: 3442/28

51



SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Briefs
Badea Tops Up Cocoa Funds
Airline Service

SIERRA LEONE
Briefs
Muslim Politics, Restrictions
ZAMBIA
Briefs
Family Planning Program
ZIMBABWE

New 'Elite' Fighting Force Takes Shape
(THE DAILY NEWS, 31 Oct 86) ceeeccececcecccsecsscesssscceo

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/ GOVERNMENT

BLACKS

Ambassador to UK Advocates Leadership, Reform
(SAPA, 24 Nov 86) wecccoeccccecececrcescccccccerssscsccceee

CP Objects to Comparisons With ANC, AZAPO
(SAPA, 25 Nov 86) coecccccccceeceeceeeeceeceeeesssssseesos

CP Leader Criticizes Delay of Group Areas Report
(SAPA, 21 Nov 86) cccoccccceeceececcesceesccecoesesvescece

Treurnicht Terms Indaba Dangerous to Minority Rights
(SAPA, 21 Nov 86) cccosceeccce

Police Buys Former Ford Production Plant
(Barbara Orpen; EVENING POST, 14 Nov 86) scceccoceeceeceooo

Briefs
Ministers' Salaries, Cost of Cabinet

Mangope Says Sanctions Hurting Blacks
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Nov 86) ceccceccccccesscssecccccccccovces

ID Problems for Xhosa, Venda, Tswana People
(Sophie Tema; BUSINESS DAY, 11 Nov 86) .scessccoeceecseeos

-d-

60
60

61

62

63

64

66

67

68

69

70

71

72


SOUTH AFRICA

TREURNICHT TERMS INDABA DANGEROUS TO MINORITY RIGHTS
MB211506 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1438 GMT 21 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Nov 21, SAPA--The leader of the Conservative Party,
Dr A.P. Treurnicht, today reiterated his party's "complete rejection" of the
Natal/KwaZulu indaba in the light of further developments "exposing the
inherent flaws in any scheme designed to protect minority rights."

In a statement to SAPA he said: "Even the Indians are beginning to realise
that their rights as a minority group in Natal are in serious jeopardy under
the so-called indaba.

"It is interesting to note that it is the liberal element, under an assumed
mandate, which has to connive to manipulate a better deal for themselves in
terms of voting rights than they accord to the Indian minority, in spite of
the fact that the Indians outnumber the white community in the province," he
said.

Dr Treurnicht said a further serious flaw is that the productive white and
Indian communities are, on a one-man-one-vote principle, being subjected to
rule by the less productive Zulu majority.

"This is totally unacceptable to the CP who, besides rejecting the whole
concept of the indaba because it has no mandate from the people of Natal,
also rejects the concept of black majority rule which the indaba promotes

in spite of their smokescreen slogans which talk of bills of rights and power
sharing."

What had become evident is that this experiment "at the expense of the people
of Natal is a non-starter," he said.

Already groups and vested interests are jockeying for control of power.

“This will lead to continual friction until the Zulu majority asserts itself,

and black domination will be the order of the day. The only logical and fair

solution to our unique problem is political partition and the problems already
experienced by the indaba provide us with confirmation of this fact,"

Dr Treurnicht added.

/8309
cso: 3400/468

68


GOOD COTTON HARVEST EXPECTED THIS YEAR

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 28 Oct 86 pp 8-9

[Text]

MRT.O. Ankrah, acting
chief executive of the
Ghana Cotton Company
Limited (GCCL) has said
that the company ex-
pects to harvest about
4,200 tonnes of cotton
this year from 8,094
hectares of cotton
farms.

The acting Chief Execu-
tive who was speaking to
thé Ghana News Agency
said this year's cotton sea~
son has been very good and
suggested that purchasing
should begin without
much delay to avoid
smuggling.

He said that the com-
pany would need 400
million to purchase cotton
from farmers this season.

Mr Ankrah said at the
moment 40 per cent of the
harvesting has been done
and that by mid-Novemb-

19274

CSO:

3400/486

er, 90 per cént would have
been harvested.

‘The acting chief execu-
tive said this means cotton
cultivation in the country:
is possible and viable but it
is being bogged down by
lack of funds.

Mr Ankrah said about
300 million was invested
in cotton cultivation

23

this season.

He commended the Mi-
nistry of Agriculture on its
assistance and appealed to
textile industries to speed
up their assistance to the
company to enable. it to
feed them with their raw
materials.

‘The acting chief execu-
tive said if the company is

GHANA

not able to mobilise funds
locally to boost produc-
tion, textile companies
would have to import raw
cotton which is expensive.

Mr Ankrah said if funds
are made available, the
company hopes to expand
its farm from 8.094 to
10.117 hectares next sea-
son.



SOUTH AFRICA

CP OBJECTS TO COMPARISONS WITH ANC, AZAPO
MB251144 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1142 GMT 25 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Nov 25, SAPA--The Conservative Party spokesman on
foreign affairs, Mr Tom Langley, said today the CP took exception "to the
likes of left-wingers of the background of Dr Denis Worrall--young Prog,

spro cas member [as received; expansion unknown] and admirer of Martin Luther
King--referring to us as extreme and linking us with the ANC and AZAPO."

Mr Langley said in a statement that Dr Worrall must remember that as

South Africa's ambassador to the United Kingdom, "he represents all the people
of South Africa, including tax-paying members of the Conservative Party at
whose expense he erijoys the pleasures of the Court of St James." Dr Worrall's
"behaviour" typified "the arrogance endemic in the National Party government."
Dr Worrall and his colleagues would do well to concentrate on promoting

South Africa's image overseas, rather than make a fatuous statement discredit-
ing the party that would have to sort out the constitutional mess in which

Dr Worrall played a major role in foisting on South Africa, Mr Langley said.

"With the influx of left-wingers like Dr Worrall, co-opted into the National
Party by Mr P.W. Botha, and the resultant move to the left by the party in
general, the increasing impression is maliciously created that the CP is now
extreme right wing, when in fact it holds the same position and believes in
the same principles as did the true National Party less than 10 years ago.
The CP considers itself to be on the same frequency as other conservative
parties in the West," he said.

"Dr Worrall's unacceptable sally into the political arena is an embarrassment
to the career diplomats of the Department of Foreign Affairs and the CP will
be taking this matter further in the forthcoming parliamentary session,"

Mr Langley said.

/8309
CSO: 3400/468

66



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

ARGENTINE ENVOY ON FALKLANDS INITIATIVE—-Argentina has asked for Nigeria's
support in tackling what she calls a new factor in tension in South America.
The request was contained in a special message from President Raul Alfonsin to
President Ibrhaim Babangida delivered in Lagos today by the special assistant
in international affairs to the Argentine president, Mrs (Lozo Gonas
Hariachin). Mrs (Hariaghin) identified tension as (?the result of) the recent
decision by Britain on the Falkland Islands. She told President Babangida
that there was need for Nigeria to join other medium-sized powers in tackling
mutual political and economic problems. President Babangida described the
visit by Mrs (Hariachin) as a great step toward strengthening relations
between Nigeria and Argentina. Argentina has sent similar messages to India,
Yugoslavia, Cuba, Algeria and Zimbabwe. [Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in
English 1500 GMT 18 Bow 86 AB] /12913

csO0: 3400/480

59



GHANA

BRITISH VOLUNTEERS TO INCREASE TECHNICAL AID TO NORTH
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 27 Oct 86 p 7

[Text] A British organization, Voluntary Services Overseas (VSO) is to
increase its technical assistance in northern Ghana with the provision of
more skilled personnel and technical experts in the productive sectors,

In this connection, the VSO has established a full regional office at Tamale
to supply adequate skilled manpower and technical expertise to needy areas in
the Northern, Upper East and Upper West Regions.

This was announced by the leader of the three-member :VSO team, Mr Ken
Caldwell, deputy director at the international office in London, which called
on the Upper West Regional Secretary, Mr Salifu Bawa Dy-Yakah, at his office
at Wa at the weekend,

Mr Caldwell said his organization had identified agriculture, education and
rural development as the most vital areas in which it could offer increased
technical assistance, adding that the organization had placed its priority in
the development of those sectors in the northern part of the country.

He said VSO had so far invested 40 percent of its assistance in education and
the remaining 60 percent in the development agricutlure, forestry, fisheries,
health and community work,

Briefing the delegation earlier, Mr Dy-Yakah said the Upper West Regional
Administration had identified vocational and technical education and general
middle-level manpower development as the most needy areas in the region,

The Regional Secretary therefore appealed to the VSO to assist in establish-
ing a technical institution in the region for training of the required manpower
to accelerate the development of the region.

19274
CSO: 3400/485

16



PLANNING MINISTER ON INFLATION, FOOD PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 29 Oct 86 p 3

[Article by Irungu Ndirangu]

[Text]

19274
cso:

Kenya’s inflation rate is down
to six per cent, the Minister
for Planning and National
Development, Dr Robert
Ouko, was told yesterday.

‘The Director of Statistics at
the Central Bureau of Statistics,
Mr Kaleb O. Agunda, told the
Minister that the inflation rate in
the country had fallen from about
22 per cent in 1984 to about ‘six
per cent this year.

‘The Permanent Secretary in
the Ministry of Planning and
National Development, Mr John
Githuku, said he was’ surprised
because, his department had
forecast an inflation rate of about
12 per cent this year.

‘Touring the Central Bureau of
Statistics at Herufi_ House,
Nairobi, yesterday, Dr Ouko said
the inflation rate showed that
Government management
programmes for the economy
were succeeding and that the
prices of food and other. com-
modities had stabilised. He
added that with the same amount
of income a worker could buy
more goods and that. the
stabilisation of the inflation rate
meant people could save and
borrow at more predictable rates.

Dr Ouko said the Government
was determi
planning units in the districts. All
districts will have a planning unit
consisting of the district develop-
ment officer, an assistant district

3400/4821

d to strengthen the .

development officer and a
statistician whom the Govern-
ment was in the process of
posting.

‘The Minister said that in
future, all districts would be
expected to plan their own
development strategies before
sending these to the headquarters.
in Nairobi. He said the districts
would increasingly be made
autonomous except for. major
consultations. .

In the Food Production
Monitoring Department, the
Minister was told -that Kenya
would produce about 29 million
bags of maize this year compared
to 27 million bags last year. The
National Cereals and Produce
Board may buy up to 12 million
bags, he learnt.

Dr Ouko said the Government
had decided to have a reserve of
12 million bags. Of these, he said,
‘eight million would be strategic
reserves for use only. in an
emergency. The other four
million would be sold and
replaced in a revolving manner to
keep a certain fund in circulation.

‘The Minister said the Govern-
ment would like to allow free
movement of foodstuffs across
district boundaries but “Kenya
will be swept clean of any
foodstuffs we may have by
entrepreneurs. We are surroun-
ded by food deficit countries and
knowing Kenya’s entrepreneurial
spirit, we shall be clean
immediately,” he added.

33

Dr Ouko said the food restric-
tions sometimes forced prices to
rise in food deficiet t
while depressing the prices in
kood surplus districts.

‘The Minister was told that
there are 1.4 million Kenyang in
wage employment today, a rise of
four per cent over last year’s
figure.

"Told that there are now about
200,000 Kenyans directly
employed in the informal sector,
the Minister retorted that the
informal sector had become such
big business that the Government
had decided to change its name to
something more positive.

He said the Government
realised that the great hope for
employment creation lay in the
informal sector and it was for this
reason that the Government was
directly encouraging its growth. -

Hecalling ‘that the President
had ordered the opening of Jua
Kali garages in Kisurnu, he repor-
ted that the local District Com-
missioner and the Kisumu Mayor
had already identified: a’ plot on
which to build the garages.

istricts’

KENYA



installation of "copolene" pipes, and respective connecting fittings which
are used in low pressure piping systems to allow for irrigation with hoses
on the site of the sprinklers.

A report from that service, recently analyzed at a meeting with. the General
Union's management, disclosed that "four of these facilities have been built,
the largest being at the No 5 Union's 16 June Cooperative.”

Other material also received through the project with UNICEF is being distribut-
ed on the basis of studies on the neédy cooperatives. Still more material
belonging to the General Union is also being installed, and the stocks have
been organized and tallied.

An official of the General Union remarked that it is planned to install the
hydraulic sector soon in a new office in Bagamoyo, which is completely equip-
ped; and this will increase the sector's capacity significantly.

This entire program has also paid particular attention to training, through
work, The various work brigades operate with a master and apprentice aides
selected from among cooperative members and their children, who in this way
learn from the respective master.

The Maputo Directorate of the Cooperative Movement is attempting, through this
relatively specialized training for its peasants, to.achieve greater autonomy
so as to be able to dispense with the need for foreign technicians.

2909
CSO: 3442/37

53



GHANA

ARTISANS BEING RECRUITED FOR LIBYA
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 28 Oct 86 p 5

[Text] A recruitment exercise is currently going on at the Labour Department
in Accra for Ghanaian masons, carpenters and other middle-level personnel to
be engaged in construction work in Libya,

Mr William H. Yeboah, Secretary for Labour and Social Welfare, told the Ghana
News Agency on Friday that the exercise was being carried out under a foreign
contract agreement.

He said the recruits would work with a ‘private West German contractor--Karl
Gerhard Berikoven of Bilfinger and Berger (Bauaktiengesellschaft) internation-
al Division,

Mr Yeboah could however not say for how long the contract would last, but ex~
plained that there were 205 job openings.

The Secretary said no provision had as yet been made for remittance of wages
and salaries by successful recruits but added that everything would be done to
ensure their career welfare,

Mr Yeboah said the Labour Department had learned about the irregular recruit-
ment exercise which was being carried out by agents of the contractor, operat-
ing at the Granada Hotel in Accra.

The Labour Department therefore stepped in to regularize the exercise as spe-
cified by labour laws, he said, adding that it was illegal for outsiders to
recruit Ghanaian labour for jobs without channeling their requests through the
appropriate quarters,

He gave the assurance that the appointment of the recruits did not face any
threat of undue termination.

The Secretary said he did not know whether there would be any other recruit-
ment programme in the future but added that any such exercise would be
publicized,

19274
CSO: 3400/485

19



SOUTH AFRICA

UNIVERSITY CONDUCTS PILOT STUDY OF LIFE IN 'GREY' AREAS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Nov 86 p 13

[Article by Claire Robertson]

[Text]

A pilot study into the racial attitudes of
people living in grey residential areas has
shown that familiarity breeds content.

Chairman of the Department of Development
at the Rand Afrikaans University, Mr Johan
Fick, and researchers Mrs Nellie Olivier and Mr
Christo de Coning have completed a pilot study
into socio-political perceptions in Johannesburg's
grey or racially-mixed flatland areas of Hill-
brow, Joubert Park and Berea — with signif-
icant results, according to Mr Fick.

The report said pockets of integrated residen-
tial settlement have become characteristic of
most of the larger South African cities— for ex-
ample, Salt River, Landsdowne, Wynberg, Obser-
vatory and Woodstock in Cape Town, Clairwood
and Greyville in Durban and Hillbrow, Berea and
Joubert Park as well as Mayfair in Johannes

burg.

“It seems that experi-
ence of inter-racial con-
tact promotes a greater
propensity to the willing
ness of sharing amenities
and service,” the report
said.

“This positive response
towards sharing was in
all instances significantly
higher than comparable
results of a Human Sci-
ences Research Council
study (conducted among
the white community)
which included in its re-
spondents those without
intimate experience of
inter-group contact.”

86

The survey showed
Majority support for
sharing a wide variety of public and private
sector amenities with other race groups.

Significantly, the report says, all these ameni-
ties and services are generally already open to
all races.

The amenities included sporting facilities, li-
braries, churches, supermarkets, parks, cinemas,
restaurants, tertiary education, discos and the
same flat or building.

Support for sharing them ranged from 50 per-
cent to nearly 80 percent.

The sharing of hospitals and public transport,
although still partially or wholly racially segre-
gated, also received support.

More than 60 percent of white South Africans
canvassed in the Hillbrow, Berea and Joubert
Park areas said they were willing to share hospi-
tals with other race groups.

“Respondents are generally more willing to
share facilities in which a greater freedom of
choice is available — for example, choosing your
own church, cinemas and restaurants.”

The majority of all groups — blacks, coloureds
and whites — canvassed in the three suburbs was
in favour of allowing all to participate in city
council elections, the study showed, although it
was clear that blacks and coloureds saw the
sharing of amenities as-more important than
power sharing in the city.

Among white South africans surveyed there
was far less willingness to share in “sensitive”
areas like primary and secondary education,
public swimming pools and public toilets — al-
though the Johannesburg municipality recently
removed all signs of petty apartheid from the
latter without actually announcing their desegre
gation, a health department spokesman said yes-
terday.


MOZAMBIQUE

WEATHER RADAR TO AID NAVIGATION: SOVIET COOPERATION CITED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 18 Oct 86 p 3

[Text] Both air and sea navigation in Sofala and a limited area along the
Mozambique Channel was upgraded recently as a weather radar newly installed in
the city of Beira was placed in service. Engineer Sergio Ferreira, director
of Mozambican Weather Services, said that the main purpose of the new facility
is currently to detect bad weather conditions within a 300-km radius and thus
prevent accidents.

The unit is the first and only one of its kind in Mozambique for preventing air
and sea accidents in the Channel due to bad weather, and in the not-too-distant
future it will become an extremely important agricultural aid by predicting
rainfall amounts in the area within its range.

According to Ferreira, when the radar unit is fully operational, it will be ca-
pable of measuring the density of water droplets in clouds and thus predicting
rainfall amounts in a given area within its range. At the same time, it will
provide a much larger range than is currently available to monitor problems in
the Mozambique Channel and thus prevent accidents caused by bad weather.

Ferreira provided this information in an exclusive interview with NOTICIAS, in
which he said that cooperation between our country and the Soviet Union has
produced remarkable results in the meteorological area. In fact, Sunday morn-
ing the 10th anniversary of the signing of the cooperative agreement between
the two countries will be marked. A meeting will take place today between So-
viet specialists and Mozambican workers in the field of meteorology.

Cooperation between Mozambique and the Soviet Union in this area encompasses
several distinct areas, the first of which is professional training, which in-
volves exchanging technicians and training Mozambicans in the Soviet Union.
Under this agreement, five Mozambicans are now in Moscow: two are taking ad-
vanced meteorology courses and three are taking intermediate courses.

When the agreement was signed in 1976, the fields of cooperation envisioned
were weather predicting, radiation, instrumentation maintenance, geophysics
and seismology, but these were later expanded to include research and services
funded by the Voluntary Program for Cooperation (VPC) financed by the World
Meteorological Organization.

40


SOUTH AFRICA

KWAZULU'S RECOVERY PLAN DEBATED AS ALTERNATIVE TO SANCTIONS

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 4 Nov 86 p 14

[Article by Graham Spence]

[Text]

HE
multi-billion-
rand Recov-
ery Plan
drafted last month by
the KwaZulu Govern-
ment to hasten a sta-
ble post-apartheid so-
ciety is being market-
ed overseas as a
positive blueprint to
protect Western inter-
ests in South Africa.

Whether the plan —
initiated by KwaZulu
Minister of Education
and Culture, Dr Oscar
Dhlomo — is feasible is
still being debated by
the United States and
European leaders.

But regardless of the
outcome, it is heralded
as to date the only pos-
itive counter-response
to claims by Western
leaders that sanctions.
are the only way to)
force the South African
Government to change.

It bluntly states that
sanctions are part of
the problem, not the
solution, and the West
should not be surprised
if it ends up with a
“hostile Government”
in this region.

“The West has re-
peatedly asked what
alternatives there are

apart from sanctions
to force reforms. Here
we provide one,” said
Dr Dhlomo on his re-
turn from a trip to Eu-
rope to market the
plan.

The thrust of the
South African Recov-
ery Plan is based on
the carrot and stick
principle, with attrac-
tive incentives being
offered to the Govern-
ment for any genuine
reforms implemented.

Such incentives
would be in vital cash
injections from the
West to stimulate the
ailing economy with di-
rect benefits to under-
privileged communi-

ies.

Dr Dhiomo said it
was also the first
apartheid-eliminating
plan to emerge that did
not approach the South
African Government
with a “negative and
punitive” attitude.

The principles were
outlined at a broadly
representative sympo-
sium by the Founda-
tion for European and
International Co-oper-
ation in Frankfurt,
West Germany.

Dr Dhlomo said he
had had a fair hearing.

“TI think it was the
first time they had
heard of any action
plan for South Africa
that didn’t involve
sanctions.”

Dr Dhiomo said the
main problem for mod-
erate black leaders
was that the West
seemed determined to
“destroy South Africa
in order to save it”.

This precipitated a
vicious circle as the
South African Govern-
ment was unlikely to
offer any major re-
forms while violence
continued, and violence
was likely to continue
in the absence of major
reforms.

“An equally Catch 22
situation is that there
will be no reform with-
out economic growth,
but no economic
growth without reform.

“What should genu-
inely concern Western
countries is the ques-
tion: after apartheid,
what?

“It is not unlikely
that if the West is not
careful it might see
apartheid destroyed,
only to be replaced by
a system far more vi-
cious and inhumane
than apartheid itself.”

Dr Dhlomo said that

81

instead of relying on
sanctions to get rid of
the present Govern-
ment, the West must
now start planning for
the type of socio-politi-
cal order it would pre-
fer to see once apart-
heid had been
dismantled.

In this regard it
should encourage advo-
cates of peaceful
change such as Chief
Mangosuthu Buthelezi,
Chief Minister of Kwa-
Zulu and leader of In-
katha, who for decades
had actively worked to
replace apartheid with
a system compatible
with Western demo-
cratic norms.

“Some Western
countries continue a



Bendel state, Abeokiti in Ondo state, [name indistinct] in Ogun state, Ile Ife
in Oyo state and Gombe in Bauchi state.

To improve its new techniques [word indistinct], the organization is [words
indistinct] in the first hand delivery system and has started to send its mail
by wire to those subscribers who have got news receiving equipment. [end
recording]

Prince Momoh also announced that in a bid to become more economically viable,
NAN was conducting a market survey aimed at introducing a productive service.
In addition, the agency's research and documentation unit would be expanded

into a center to sell information to media houses and relevant institutions.

The News Agency of Nigeria started operations in 1978 with a general news
service producing an average of 1700 words a day. Today, apart from the
general news service, there is a foreign news service and special bulletins
for features, economic news and sports.

/12913
cso: 3400/478

58



/12828
cso:

3400/499

vain search for demo-
crats among totalitari-
an liberation move-
ments.

“They search for na-
tionalists among com-
munist organisations
and they search for
free-marketeers
among Marxist organi
sations.

“They search for ad-
vocates of peaceful
change among revolu-
tionary liberation
movements. .

“Yet we are there
and we have not wa-
vered in our political
convictions for dec-
ades!”

The plan basically
Proposes a massive
input of aid into the
country — with explic-
it provisos that apart-
heid is dismantled as
rapidly as possible,

82


sure how to tap this vast potential market. Mr Thomas disclosed that Durban,
faced by a decline in tourism as a result of homeland tourism, had asked the
Government for permission to open a casino. "The argument has logic on

its side but is up against realities...gambling in independent states is a
way of getting South Africans to proffer financial support without the
Government having to tax citizens," he said. [By Jaap Boekkooi] [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 17 Nov 86 p 13] /13046

MORE FIRMS TRADING IN AFRICA--More South African companies are trading with
the rest of Africa, says the SA Foreign Trade Organisation (Safto). Its annual
report says there has been a "sharp rise" in the number of smaller companies
doing business with African countries. A region-by-region analysis paints an
optimistic picture of export opportunities. Only Oceania, where Australia and
New Zealand are already applying limited sanctions, is singled out as a no-
growth area. Western Europe remains the most important market, says Safto.
While political action places restraints, "innovative" marketing techniques
offer major opportunities. North Americans, while wary of goods with an
obvious SA identity, cannot resist the price advantages of a weak rand,
although exports of certain products could be curtailed in the future. The
west coast markets of South America are taking record shipments of SA
industrial goods. The Middle East, already exploited by some SA exporters,

is likely to become more important as business seeks alternative markets for
its goods. Exports to the Far East have risen "dramatically". Where this
region used to take mainly primary goods, there is increasing demand for
manufactured goods. [By David Furlonger] [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY
in English 7 Nov 86 p 3] /13046

FAKE SWAZI LABEL TRADE-~A flourishing trade in forged certificates of origin
ostensibly from Swaziland has developed in SA to combat sanctions, says a top
Swaziland official. Swazi Commerce and Industry Minister Derek von Wissel
said yesterday: “Certain products such as electronics, agricultural ware
and processed goods are now being sold in some parts of the world with false
labels showing they were made in Swaziland." Such documents were "freely
available" in Durban, Wissel said. SA Chamber of Commerce officials, say it
is possible forged certificates are on the market. Johannesburg Chamber of
Commerce GM Marius de Jager said all applicants for certificates must first
sign an affidavit. The chamber took "great care" to verify the applicant's
authenticity, he added. But other sources said people could lie on their
affidavits or set up their own printing operations for the certificates.
Durban Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce chief executive K W Hobson said he
had not heard of the illegal practice but would look into it. SA government
officials said it was not their business to police the certificates. The
Customs and Excise Department only acted if it received a complaint from a
foreign government, said D H Elliott, a customs director. Trade and Industry
Department spokesman W J Smalberger said his department had no involvement in
issuing or checking certificates. Von Wissel said: "Countries doing business
with us must first check directly with this ministry to ensure the goods they
are getting are from Swaziland." [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English
6 Nov 86 p 3] /13046

CsO: 3400/469

117



MOI ADDRESSES NATION ON KENYATTA DAY, URGES PRODUCTIVITY

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 21 Oct 86 p 4

KENYA

[Text of speech by President Daniel ara
p Moi on the occasion of K
20 October 1986 in Nairobi, Kenya] " enyarta Days

[Text]

The following is President
Moi’s speech_on.the occasion
of Kenyatta Day yesterday:
‘My dear countrymen,
ladies’ and gentlemen,
Kenyatta Day is an. important
national occasion we have set
aside every year to reflect upon
the struggle for our freedom and
self-determination.

This day is dedicated to a great
son of this land, the founder of
our nation, the lata Mzee Jomo
Kenyatta, who sacrificed his
entire life so that we may be free.
It is algo an occasion for us to re-
examine our performance and’
contribution in building this
great nation.

‘As we celebrate this great day,
therefore, we should consider
what each one. of us can do to
improve our well-being. As a
start," we must always bear in.
mind that our economy, and
indeed our country, is part of a
complex international system
with many inter-relationships.

The international economic:
situatioh has continued to
improve.’ Our own, fiscal and
monetary policies have remained
geared to the objective of main-
taining a steady and ‘non-infla-
tionary growth. As one result
of this, consumer prices increased
by only 6.6 per cent in the first gix
months of this year. The effect of
this decline in the rate of inflation
together with last year’s general
wage increases, has been to
increase’ real. disposable incomes
for every household,

Moreover, the fallin the price
of crude oil and the rise in the,
price of coffee have hoth had a
favourable impact on our balance
of payments position. However,

it is important for us to unders-
tand that these favourable factors
sre only temporary. We are aware
for example, that already the
:price of crude oil has risen above
the levels that prevailed in June

. and July this year.

Favourable

Similarly, there are indications
that coffee prices will certainly;
fall back to a lower level when the
current shortages stabilise in the
near future.

“Tt is, therefore, necessary for us

to ensure that’ the favourable
liquidity does not lead to ar
inflationary spending spree, our
economic management, policies
have to remain cautious an‘
focussed on the objective of
steady growth. .

‘Towards that end, the Govern-
ment is committed to apply the
present windfall gain, from
Feduced crude. oil prices. and
favourable coffée and tea prices,
to increase the growth rate of the
economy and. to sustain the
growth thereafter.

‘As concerns Government
expenditure, the budget
rationalisation programme, we
initiated last year is designed to
maintain strict, control over:
expenditures. Some -of the

measures ‘include increasing re-
current expenditutes for a number
of high priority development
projects.
_ The Government will, as an
important part of this effort,
increase support to the growth of
small-scale industries through
the Kenya Industrial Estates,
Small-scale industrial units with

27

innovative projects will be accor.
ded greater support from now. In
particular, plans are under way
to assist those who have viable
projects, but who experience dif-
ficulties in raising their equity
contributions.

But,-as I have ‘constantly
reminded Kenyans, the problem
of high rate of growth of our pop-
ulation continues to be of great
concern because of its high
demand on’ our social and
economic development resources.

Although the ‘real rate of -
growth of the Growth’ Domestjc
Product was higher than the pop-
ulation growth rate in 1985, and is
expected to remain so in 1986, we
should’ not’ bq complacent in
our population planning policies.
‘Thus; although 80 per cent of our
‘women are aware-of at least one
method of family planning, it is
important that we improve.on the
tate of family planning practices
particularly in the rural areas. .

Demand

‘The rapid growth of population
continues to impose, a great
demand on our limited
resources. In the area of educa-
tion, for instance, my Govern-
ment has devoted considerable
sums of money. Wananchi have
also made heavy sacrifices, to put
up facilities for the 8-4-4 educa-
tion system.

_ Lam glad that the construction
of Standard Bight classrooms is
now virtually complete
throughout the country, I wish,
however, to appeal once more to
all -wananchi to ‘continue, in’
thé. Harambee spirit, to con-
struct and equip workshops and



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

EAST AFRICAN PORTS INCREASING FOCUS OF ATTENTION

London AED in English 8 Nov 86 pp 14, 16-18

[Text] Shippers’ avoidance of South African ports has shifted the focus to east
African destinations. Much attention has been focused on Beira, but
Dares Salaam is becoming increasingly crucial. Forwarders are
constantly showing their ingenuity in finding alternative routes, with
almost weekly announcements of new services on offer. But, despite
expansion and modernisation plans, the new services mean increased
strain not just for the ports but for the whole inland transport system

serving east and southern Africa

EAST Africa's port and inland transport
system could come under acute pressure if
sanctions are applied to South Africa. Mod-
emisation and development is making prog-
tess but infrastructure is still inadequate for
the task it faces.

Investment in the ports has improved
handling facilities but shipowners have
found that they have had to lay on extra

vessels simply to guarantee existing sche-
dules in case of disruption without expand-
ing the range of services they offer.

The planned port developments, helped
by international funds, should significantly
improve conditions, although in many cases
there are doubts over the timetable (see
box). At present, however, even slight fluc-
tuations in cargo volume can create conges-
tion at ports, shipment delays and even
losses of cargo, particularly perishable
items. Even seasonal variations can prove
too much and special circumstances, such
as aid shipments to Ethiopia, can severely
disrupt normal trade.

The political as well as financial difficul-
ties faced by many African countries mean
that the obvious routes for imports and
exports are often problematic. What seems
geographically logical is often unworkable
in practice.

From the map it would seem that Matadi
port or Luanda in Angola would be the best
outlet for Zaire's mineral exports. Dar es

Salaam would appear to have a very broad
Potential catchment area — embracing
Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi.

But lack of investment, combined with
politically motivated attacks, usually from
South African-backed guermilla forces, have
left many inland communication links in
tatters.

The Benguela railway, which runs from
Luanda to the Zairean border, has been
effectively put out of action by attacks from
the South African-backed Uniao Nacional
para Independencia Total de Angola (UN-
ITA) rebels, depriving Zaire and Zambia of a
valuable outlet to the sea. In Mozambique
too, transport links from Zimbabwe and
Malawi to the ports of Beira, Nacala and
Maputo are frequently disrupted by the
activities of the Mozambique National Re-
sistance.

The Southern African Development Co-
ordination Conference (SADCC) is making
Progress with efforts to improve its mem-
ber states’ transport links to avoid using
routes through South Africa, but, according
to export forwarder WTC Transtec, the
Telative efficiency of the South African trans-
Port system has led to its increasing use for
cargoes destined for countries further north.

South African-based hauliers, as well as
those from Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia,
still operate throughout much of the region
and as far north as Zaire, WTC observes,



CHISSANO REPORTEDLY FAVORS USE OF CUBAN TROOPS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Nov 86 p 8

{Text] LISBON. — Mozam-
bican rebels said yes-
terday there were
growing —_ indications
Cuba was preparing to
send combat troops to
Mozambique to fight
alongside government
soldiers against their
movement.

The Mozambique
National —_Resistance
said the country’s new
President, former For-
eign Minister Maj Gen
Joaquim. Chissano, was
more disposed to such a
development than his
late predecessor Pres
Samora Machel.

The rebels’ Foreign
Affairs spokesman Mr
Arthur Janeiro. da Fon-
seca said in Lisbon “in-
dications have accumu-
lated over the past few
days that Cuban troops
could shortly join the
dozens of Cuban mili-
tary advisers” in Mo-
zambique. He did not
say what the indications
were.

In a separate state-
ment, MNR European
spokesman Mr Paulo
Oliveira said Pres Ma-
chel was opposed to the
idea of a “massive inter-
vention” of foreign
troops in Mozambique
but Pres Chissano was
“more receptive” to
such a move.

Cuban and other
Communist bloc advis-

/13046
CSO: 3400/447

ers work in Mozambi-
que but the government
also receives military
assistence and training
from Western countries,
such as Britain, with
which Pres Machel
sought to strengthen

ties.

‘The rebels said the in-
volvement of Cuban
troops in Mozambique’s
guerrilla war would fur-
ther destabilise South-
em Africa and could
lead Mozambique into
an armed confrontation
with other countries.

This appeared to be a
reference to South Afri-
ca that strongly opposes
the presence of an esti-
mated 30 000 Cuban sol-
diers in Angola.

Zimbabwe, Zambia
and Tanzania, other
majority-ruled _neigh-
bours of South Africa,
reportedly have sent
troops to Mozambique
to fight the MNR whose
nine-year campaign to
overthrow the Marxist
government has
crippled the economy,
disrupted vital transport
routes and aggravated
famine.

The rebels claimed
Tanzania sent 5000
more soldiers to Mo-
zambique in the days
following the death of
Machel.

The rebels said the
choice of Pres Chissano
to succeed Machel was

42

MOZAMBIQUE

replacing “one dictator
with another” and vow-
ed to step up their guer-
tilla campaign.

Pres Chissano was
selected as President on
Monday by the central
committee of the ruling
Frelimo Party. He said
his government’s first
priority would be victo-
ry over the rebels.

‘The MNR said yester-
day that Pres Chissano,
along with the other
leaders of Frelimo, was
“entirely responsible for
the terrible situation in
Mozambique today”.

Mr Oliveira said the
rebels disagreed with in-
dependent _ observers
who described Pres.
Chissano as a pragmatic
moderate who would
continue Machel’s poli-
cy of bringing Mozambi-
que closer to the West.

He said the new
President had opposed
the signing of a 1984
non-aggression pact be-
tween Mozambique and
South Africa and, as
Foreign Minister, had
been principally respon-
sible for strengthening
ties with Sovietbloc
countries.

Mr Oliveira claimed
Pres Chissano ordered
the public execution by
firing squad of seven
suspected rebels with-
out trial in 1982 in Gaza
province, 100 km north
of the capital, Maputo.


19274
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3400/484

nations, thus, have bargaining leverage when
negotiating with holders of patents to such technologies.
Another point for African nations to bear in mind is
the need to insist on high level technical training for
African staff working in foreign owned industries. Often,
foreign investors want to maintain an indefinite hold on
the management of their subsidiaries through lethargic
procedures of training for loca! manpower. Just as often,
foreign investors avoid introducing innovative
technological measures in their overseas subsidiaries to
avoid competing with their established lines of
activities. Well trained local expertise could help rectify
this state of affairs in the interests of host nations. .


MALAWI

NORTHERN LINK GEARS UP TO PROVIDE ALTERNATE TRADE ROUTE

London AED in English 8 Nov 86 p 26

[text] Companies have until 6 February 1987 to
submit tenders for reconstruction of the
51-kilometre road between Karonga in the
north and Ibanda, just over the border in
Tanzania (see TENDERS). Work which
involves bitumenising some sections of the
existing gravel road and realigning others,
is expected to be financed by the EEC.

The project forms part of the $100 million
northern corridor transport scheme which
aims to give Malawian alternative trade
outlet through Tanzania. The scheme, co-
ordinated by the World Bank, involves
upgrading Malawi's lake ports and
shipping fleet, developing freight and fuel
handling facilities at Dar es Salaam and
Mbeya in Tanzania, and completion of
Malawi's main north-south road link
running parallel to Lake Tanganyika. The
latter includes upgrading the 144-
kilometre Salima to Balaka section, as well
as the Karonga-Ibanda-Mbeya link into
Tanzania.

A World Bank team was in Blantyre in late
October for final negotiations with the
government, following completion of an
economic and technical study of the
scheme by West Germany's Gitec (AED .
10:5:86). A bank representative says all the
major co-financing elements of the
scheme are in place, but full mobilisation of
the project will only begin in mid-1987 after
the funding agreements have been
signed. The latter depends on completion
of an agreement between Malawi and

/12828

CSO: 3400/493

36

Tanzania covering customs, handling and
general freight transit arrangements,
which is expected to be in place by the end
of 1986.

Apart from the Karonga-Ibanda link, likely
to cost some $22 million, the EEC is also
looking at funding — in co-operation with
the Netherlands — the $13 million Ibanda-
Mbeya stretch of the road. The US Agency
for International Development (USAID) is
providing $10.5 million, which will be used
to provide gantry cranes for handling
containers at Mbeya and Dar, and
improving facilities at the lake ports. The
UK, which is considering funding of $11.8
million, will also be involved in improving
freight facilities

West Germany's Kreditanstalt fuer
Wiederaufbau (KfW) is expected to agree
some DM 30 million ($14.8 million), of
which part will be used fora new lake
steamer, part to improve fuel storage at
Mbeya and Dar and the remainder to help
finance the upgrading of the Salimato
Balaka road.

Tenders for this were issued in late
October and are due in by 28 November
(AED 25:10:86). Co-financing for this part
of the project is coming from the $14 million
the World Bank is providing. The
remainder of the bank funds will be used
for technical and specialist assistance to
co-ordinate the corridor.

If work on the scheme begins as
expected by July-August 1987, it should
be completed by late 1989, the bank
representative says.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

150,000 TONS OF WHEAT IMPORTS--Wheat imports this year are likely to amount
to about 150 000 tons and there will be no problem in finding suppliers--in
spite of boycotts. Wheat Board GM Dennis van Aarde told BUSINESS DAY in
Pretoria yesterday that although the final estimate of the crop had not yet
been made it was likely to be just over 2-million tons. In fact, he said,
the crop would just about match local demand. The board's carry-over into
the current season amounted to a two-month milling supply, or about 320 000
tons. The intention was to raise the carry-over into next season to at
least a three-month supply. This could require the importation of about
150 000 tons. Van Aarde said widespread rains had ensured a good crop in
the Free State and Transvaal growing areas. This would compensate for the
losses suffered in the Cape because of excessive rains and high humidity.
[By Gerald Reilly] [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 11 Nov 86
p 2] /13046

TRADE NORMALIZER IDENTIFIED--Pretoria's man in Berne enacting the Economic
Advisory Council's suggestion to normalise international economic relations
is former government media adviser Chris van der Walt. The EAC had
recommended to government that a full-time, overseas-based representative

be appointed to call on "European and certain Asian countries" and, if possible,
provide more~comprehensive information on SA's economic and political trends.
Van der Walt has been stationed in Switzerland for almost a year and has,
according to official sources, been handling general inquiries. The Finance
Department produces a regular macro-credit analysis outlining gross domestic
product growth and inflation data, and this is being conveyed to interested
foreign parties. [By Alan Sendzul] [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 11 Nov 86 p 13] /13046

FOREIGN TOURISTS DOWN--The number of foreign tourists visiting South Africa
has dropped by 35 percent this year following a 10 percent drop in 1985,
reports the executive director of the South African Tourism Board.

Mr Spencer Thomas said at the last day of the Second Resources conference in
Johannesburg that terrorism, unrest and sanctions had an impact on visitors
but there was also a form of self-imposed sanctions by potential tourists
in the form of general animosity against South Africa. He said a tourist
could be accused of supporting a morally insupportable regime or, even more
pertinently, he had been led to believe he risked being shot at or blown up.
Current reforms and constitutional developments, he hoped, would create the
right marketing climate for South Africa again to attract large numbers of
foreign visitors. The opening of amenities to all races would greatly help
tourism among blacks. The problem remained, however, that nobody was entirely

116


legitimate and just cause of these oppressed people, cannot and should not
expect to escape being branded as supporters of international terrorism by
these powers.

It is important to note that Britain's attitude toward Syria is clearly one of
double standard. What action has Britain taken against Israel for organizing
the abduction back to Israel of Mordechai Vanunu, who disclosed that Israel
has for the past 20 years been producing nuclear weapons? Did Britain not
close down the missions of both Libya and Nigeria for similar offenses?
Clearly, diplomacy by these Western countries is becoming devoid of all
morality.

/12913
cso: 3400/479

15



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

ROSA COUTINHO PROSECUTES MERCENARIES--On Tuesday in a Lisbon court, there will
come to trial a suit brought by Coteco (the Rosa Coutinho company) against two
Portuguese pilots recruited by it who refused to carry out their mission in
Lobito, instead of Luanda. The two pilots, both former members of the military,
were recruited by Coteco as airplane and helicopter instructors. According to
a report in AFRICA-CONFIDENCIAL, of the 32 Portuguese military men recruited

by Coteco who were in Angola (with an average monthly. salary of $2,400), over
20 came into conflict with the Rosa Coutinho company under various circumstances,
ranging from material damage to attempted operational involvement. At present,
there are only 12 members of the Portuguese military hired by Coteco remaining
in Angola. It is noteworthy that the admiral failed to be received in Luanda
with the former courtesies, namely, his lodging in an official residence. [Text]
[Lisbon SEMANARIO in Portuguese 4 Oct 86 p 64] 2909

CSO: 3442/22

10


SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Botha's Legacy Seen as Militarization of Country
(Gerald Shaw; CAPE TIMES, 8 Nov 86) ..

Israel Fears Backlash Against Jews If Special Ties Severed
(Masha Hamilton; CAPE TIMES, 11 Nov 86) ..

Military's Hope for Renamo Takeover in Mozambique Criticized
(Robin Hallett; CAPE TIMES, 17 Nov 86) ..ccocceceecceoees

Visas for Foreign Travel Becoming More Restrictive
(Dominique Gilbert; BUSINESS DAY, 5 Nov 86) .eccccoeoeooe

SACC, Hindu Group Defend Muslims in Protest
(POST NATAL, 5-8 Nov 86) .csccccccccccccccccceccsesesceos

KwaZulu's.Recovery Plan Debated as Alternative to Sanctions
(Graham Spence; THE DAILY NEWS, 4 Nov 86) ..eseceeoccoeee

Commentator's Views of PFP Membership Recruitment Campaign
(Ameen Akhalwaya; POST NATAL, 5-8 Nov 86) ..cccccceeeeoce

Home Patrol Firms Proliferate in Johannesburg
(BUSINESS DAY, 5 Nov 86) socceccccvnccccccccsccceccescoes

University Conducts Pilot Study of Life in 'Grey' Areas
(Claire Robertson; THE STAR, 14 Nov 86) ...cccccceccoeece

Briefs
Most White Homes in PWV
New Language for Pretoria
Cosatu Condemns Platinum Plant Move

ECONOMIC

List of Companies Barred From U.S. Markets
(THE ARGUS, 13 Nov 86) .ccocccscccccccsceecceceeeccsovce0

Public, Private Sectors Eye Ways of Coping With Sanctions
(Stephen Rogers; BUSINESS DAY, 11 Nov 86) ...ccecccceecee

Western Cape Manufacturers Seek Markets in Africa
(Derek Tommey; THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 8 Nov 86) coccecccceecs

Two Businessmen Seek Trade With Albania
(Peter Dennehy; CAPE TIMES, 17 Nov 86) sscesesceesoeeeeee

Experts Fear Firmer Government Hand in Economy
(Stephen Rogers; BUSINESS DAY, 7 Nov 86) ..eccsees

73

75

77

79

80

81

83

85

90

92

94

95

96



Unemployment Benefits Exhausted by Many

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English & Nov 86 p 9

[Text]

SEVERAL hundred people
in Port Elizabeth share the
light of. a young Port
jizabeth man who has
been granted the maximum
unemployment benefits
(UIF) which can be alloted
to him and despite exhaus-
tive inquiries has still not
been able to find a job.

Mr Ernest Jonas, 32, of
Windvogel, is faced with
the dilemma of having to
seek work elsewhere, prob-
ably Johannesburg.

Mr.Jonas has three
foolscap pages stamped by
firms on whose doors he has
knocked for work in the
month of October. None of
the firms had a vacancy.

He left Port Elizabeth as
a young man of 19 and
worked for seven years at
an hotel in downtown
Johannesburg where he
started as a wine steward
and then worked himself up
to a position of supervisor
of cleaning with stints on
the night reception desk.

He returned to PE in 1980
to get married. His wife,
‘was not keen to accompany
him to Johannesburg so the
couple stayed in PE.

They have a daughter
aged four.

Mr Jonas had a good job
at the Ford Motor Com-
pany as a material handler
but was retrenched and
then got another job with a
steel company which closed
down.

‘Yet again he was without
a job. A stint as 2 security
guard with a security com-
pany was followed by yet
another job at a steel com-
pany where he was re-
trenched when staff was
reduced.

He claimed from the Un-
employment Insurance
Fund (UIF) and was given
benefits for six months and
an extension for two
months.

Mr Jonas said UIF could

not grant him a further ex-
tension.

“{ would like to stay in
PE and I would like to
make a positive contribu-
tion to the city,” he said.

“But all the places Ihave
tried do not have any va-
cancies,” said Mr Jonas. “I
might be forced to leave
own to make a new life for
my wife and-child.”

His wife, Hester, said the
couple stayed with her
mother-in-law, who drew

an old age pension of R117 a

month.

Her husband left their
home in Windvogel early
every morning and walked
to the city to look for work
because he could not afford
the bus fare.

She said they managed to
survive by eating simply.
Breakfast was a slice of
potbrood and black coffee
followed by an egg for
lunch. Supper was the main
meal of the day with a little
stewing meat and lots of
vegetables.

Weekend Post told her
about the social relief
scheme administered by
the House of Representa-
tives for unemployed
people affected by the
recession.

‘The adults in the house-
hold can draw R164 each
and R49 for each child.

Mrs Jonas said they
would apply for relief aid
which would be a great help
to them if granted.

The director of the
Christelike Maatskaplike
Raad (CMR), Dr M H
Vorster, said there had not

been a dramatic increase in
applications for relief aid
from unemployed people.

What was happening was
that people who had ap-
plied for relief from CMR
in the past and then had
drawn UIF benefits had
again applied for help from
CMR when their unemploy-
ment benefits were ex-
hausted.

106

Dr Vorster said there had
not been a flood of applica-
tions for help from unem-
ployed people because the
State was now doing more
for the unemployed than in
the past through social re-
lief’ aid for unemployed
people of R164 per adult
and R49 a child a month.

These grants are admin-
istered by the three “own
affairs” Departments of
Health Services and Wel-
fare departments.

Social relief is granted in
the form of food vouchers
until the grants come

through. The food vouchers
comprise. R25 for two
weeks for an adult and R18
for two weeks for a child.

All the applications for
social relief are assessed by
social workers on their
merits.

Unemployed whites in
PE; who have exhausted
their UIF benefits can ap-
ply for interviews to obtain
social relief by telephoning
w 543321. In East London,
dial = 23110. In platteland
towns, apply to the local
magistrate’s court.

Unemployed coloureds in
PE who have exhausted
their UIF benefits and who
wish to apply for social re-
lief can make appoint-
ments at # 546731.

Unemployed Africans
are not included in the so-
cial relief scheme. They
can apply for food parcels
from the State while grants
such as old age pensions
and disability pensions are
being processed.


The weak rand, weak economy, perception of South Africa through unrest on
television, opinion influenced by debate, the impression of turmoil in recent
months and a lack of certainty of the direction change was taking all combined
to give an increasingly gloomy picture. Mr Worrall said: "But peaceful
answers are possible. We have created a moral framework in which reform can
occur. It is unfair that we indicate timetables when it is not demanded of
anyone else. The debate about us will go on. South Africa has become the
world's biggest problem and whether we wish to participate or not the debate
will continue. All that we aspire to is in the Western world and we need the
Western world because we are a sophisticated country. Sanctions must be
rejected and we must continue to make the case for reform rather than
revolution."

/8309
CSO: 3400/468

65



JEHOVAH'S WITNESS MEMBERS FACE BAN

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 29 Oct 86 p 8

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/485

MR Emmanuel sos-
son, Ho District Secre-
tary, has threatened to
ban the activities of the
Jehovah’s Witness sect
in the district if its
members continue to
refuse to participate in
communal labour.

Mr: Bosson gave the
warning when he learnt
that members of the sect
claim it is against their
religious belief to take part
in self-help projects.

He ordered the area
CDR to:submit to his offi-
ce names of such members
for’ appropriate action to
be taken.

Mr Bosson advised
members of the sect not to
use freedom of religion and
worship to undermine the
government’s. - autho-
rity.—GNA.

It will be recalled that of
late concern has been ex-
pressed by various com-
munity leaders about the
unco-operative attitudes

of members of the Jeho-
vah’s Witness sect in com-
munal labour and clean-up
campaigns. in. sonie
districts, towns and villa-
ges.

In August this year, for.
instance, the “Graphic”
reported an incident in
which seven pupils of the’
Sarkodee Local Authority
Middle School at Kofori-
dua belonging to the Jeho-

vah’s Witness sect were"

dismissed from the school
for refusing to sing the
National Anthem and re-
cite the National Pledge.

The action was taken
with the approval: of the
New Juaben District Offi-
ce of Education.

There have also’also
been mounting complaints
about the activities of
some religious organisa-
tions including the Church
of Jesus Christ of Latter
Day Saints and World Vi-
sion International.

20

GHANA


COMPETITION is developing among freight
forwarding companies to offer new services
via east African ports in the face of an
increasing threat of disruption on routes via
South Africa to countries like Zambia, Zim-
babwe and Malawi.

One leading operator, Leopold Walford,
for example, has devised a new routing for
Zambian cargoes away from South African
ports, avoiding payment of the deposits
levied on Zambia-bound goods by the South
African government. In co-operation with
its Zambian subsidiary, the UK-based com-
pany has organised a service to route ship-
ments through Dar es Salaam and Beira. As
well as exports from Europe, the company is
also handling substantial volumes from the
US and Japan.

Dar was also chosen as the alternative
port by Afrital Shipping, which has just
developed a new routing for Zimbabwe-
bound cargoes as a counter to increasing
restrictions imposed by the Pretoria regime.
The company, which styles itself as a non-
vessel-operating common carrier, is offering

the new routing for all types of cargo — full
container load, less-than-container load
(LCL) and conventional non-containerised
shipments.

Shippers will consign goods to Dar
through Afrital in London, which will be
working with Tanfreight at the port. Sailings
from the UK will be on vessels of indepen-
dent operators such as Eurafrica Shipping
Lines, Besta, West European Container
Lines (WEC) and Mediterranean Shipping
Company on a fortnightly basis, except for
conventional cargoes, which will be month-
ly only.

Afrital says the average transit time will
be three or four weeks to Dar es Salaam,
with another three-four weeks for on-
carriage to Harare, although departures on
the land leg will be every three or four days.

Rates work out at roughly $1,900 for a
20-foot container and, although the services
are running from the UK, European shippers
are provided with the option to select the
new routing

Sea Cargo Inter Continental (SCIC), which
claims to be the single biggest user of Dar
pott, is developing a number of new services
to avoid using the southern route for cargoes
to Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi.

The company, which has a throughput of
more than 565,000 tonnes a year of imports
and exports at Dar, is expanding its new
services from a base of handling Zambian
copper shipments; SCIC is a UK-based
subsidiary of Zambia Consolidated Copper

/12828
€S0: 3400/496

Mines. Now it is shipping goods such as
tobacco, groundnuts and cotton from cen-
tral and east African countries.

Full container and groupage services via
Dar es Salaam to continental outlets as well
as the UK are being offered. The company
Teports an encouraging response since ser-
vices started at the beginning of October.

One big advantage the company has to
offer is its Kurasini depot, one kilometre from
the port area. This gives far greater control
over cargoes than if all sorting and clear-
ances were handled in the port itself.

Announcing the expansion of services
Tecently, operations manager Steve Barlow
said the specialised facility was not only of
benefit to shippers but was being offered to-
other freight forwarders. He said it allowed
the company to keep transit times through
Dar es Salaam to a minimum, with loading
on to the Tanzania-Zambia (Tazara) railway
taking place round the clock when wagons
are available.

“Container facilities at the port are being
developed and the port redevelopment
scheme is progressing,” Barlow said. “The
railways operate well but under severe con-
straints. Obviously, for transit cargoes to
and from Zambia the railway is of critical
importance — and pressure is bound to
build up in the advent of increased traffic
from Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi. For
these reasons, we are actively investigating
the use of trucking services to complement
the services already provided by Tazara.”

LCL services to Harare and Bulawayo are
being offered by Afrifreight (AFL) via Beira
— a link which is being given increased
emphasis by companies both within and
outside Africa thanks to plans for a $200
million expansion of the port.

Finally, the Intraship Group recently laun-
ched an integrated door-to-door service to
east and central Africa, claiming that ship-
pers will need only one document for the
whole of their cargo movement, even if
several forms of transport are used. As part
of the company’s drive for business in the
Tegion a number of local offices have been
established — in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda,
Tanzania and Uganda — and the company
is offering inward service to destinations
extending as far as Zambia, Malawi, south-
ern Sudan and eastern Zaire. Intraship has
taken on some 750,000 square feet of ware-
housing space at Mombasa and will have a
container yard and a varied fleet of some 150
vehicles to operate its schedule.


GHANA

BRIEFS

GDR CEMENT DELIVERLES~~The Ghana National Procurement Agency is to take
delivery of 22,300 metric tons of clinker imported from the German Democratic
Republic, The importation of clinker is to ease the shortage of cement in the
country, This was contained in a release issued and signed by Mr Nabanyin
Pratt, Public Relations Manager of the Agency in Accra yesterday. The clinker
is currently being discharged at the Takoradi harbour and later at the Tema
harbour, The release stated that the consignment which forms part of a total
of 250,000 metric tons imported by the GNPA for Ghana Cement Works is esti-
mated at 78,701,865,84 cedis, The clinker is the fourth shipment to arrive
in the country and another batch is expected to arrive by the end of October,
the release added. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 16 Oct
86 p 8] /9274

BUMPER HARVEST FOR UPPER WEST-~-A survey conducted by the Ghana News Agency

in the Wa, Tumu and Lawra Districts has indicated that farmers in the Upper
West Region are expecting a bumper harvest this season. Agricultural experts
in the region have agreed that although only 80 percent of the estimated land
has actually been cultivated, real crop yields will be more than tripple the
estimated production, Both farmers and agricultural extension officials have
attributed the expected high results of adequate rain fall, favourable weather
conditions, improved techniques adopted by farmers and Extension Services.
Main crops, which have already been harvested with very high results, include
cotton, early millet, groundnuts, beans and the naga~red variety of sorghum,
Crops, which are yet to be harvested, including yams, rice, late millet,
naga-white sorghum and cowpeas. [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English

28 Oct 86 p 8] /9274

RUBBER EXPORTS TO ROMANIA~-The Ghana Rubber Estates Limited (GREL) exported
1,200 metric tonnes of natural rubber to Romania in August, this year, Mr
C, K. Nkrumah senior shift supervisor, has said here, Briefing the Western
Regional Secretary, Colonel (rtd) W, A. Thompson, during a visit to the factory,
Mr Nkrumah said another consignment of 2,000 tonnes was ready for shipment
this month, [Excerpt] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 16 Oct 86 p 8] /9274

CSO: 3400/487

25



WESTERN CAPE MANUFACTURERS SEEK MARKETS IN AFRICA

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS (Business) in English 8 Nov 86 p 2

[Article by Derek Tommey]

[Text]

/12828
cso:

MANY export markets exist in Africa for manufac-
turers in the Western Cape, says Mr Gunnar Hagel-
berg, a director of the recently formed Cape Town-
based export and import consulantancy, Scan
International.

Mr Hegelberg, a Swedish citizen who has lived in
South Africa since 1975, said although threats of
sanctions and consumer resistance trade between
South Africa and’ the rest of Africa was increasing.

The suitability:of South African goods for African
conditions, competitive prices and speed of delivery,
were expected to result in trade between South Afri-
ca and the rest of Africa exceeding R2-billion bya
handsome margin this year.

Mr Hegelberg said he had started his consultancy
to help the small and medium sized manufacturer.
He and his team provided consultancy services and
arranged representation and promotional activities
in selected target countries.

Mr Hegelberg said there was no problem in ex-
porting to Mauritius, Reunion or the Seychelles. It
could be difficult exporting to Kenya but major
items of equipment were still bought from South
Africa.

Malawi was a good market but the problem was
getting payment. Zaire and a number of West Afri-
can states were also buying South African goods.

3400/494

94

SOUTH AFRICA


“a ‘fair majority” of people canvassed in the
grey areas of the city think that they maintain
good relations with residents of another colour

group.
‘Most intriguing

“Although some hesitation exists among the
white group on the question of open residential
settlement, a substantial level of inter-racial
harmony exists among residents of all groups,”
the report says.

Probably the “most intriguing” finding was the
discrepancy between the apparent willingness of
whites to share their residential area with other
race groups and their negative views on the
possible repeal of the Group Areas Act, the re-
port said.

More than 54 percent were willing to share
their area with other races, while only 37,7 per-
cent were in favour of the repeal of the Group
Areas Act.

“We suspect that the Act is seen by residents
to be a legal mechanism whereby their neigh
bourhood can be protected from severe charac-
ter change — a sort of insurance policy against
swamping,” the report said.

However, “whereas foreign whites tend to be

substantially more tolerant than white South’
Africans when it comes to sharing amenities |

such as schools, cinemas and public toilets with
other races, they registered a seemingly more
conservative view regarding the possible repeal
of the Group Areas Act than even white South
Africans,” the report said.

Only 24 percent of white immigrants were in
favour of legal grey areas, as compared to
41,9 percent of white South Africans canvassed,
but 68 percent of the immigrant group had no
objection to sharing the same flat building with
blacks.

‘The researchers found that a particularly sig-
nificant group in the grey areas “seems to be the
‘trapped’ older, lower income persons with a lim-
ited ability to migrate elsewhere”.

More than 90 percent of those opposed to shar- _
ing of amenities with other race groups lived in
flats and had an average monthly rental of less
than R400, and 58 percent were 46 years old and
older.

“These individuals, who are in most cases the
least equipped to handle drastically changed sit-
uations of inter-group contact, are in fact com-
pelled to cope with completely new conditions in
the sphere of human relations.

“They have all the potential of becoming a
socially and politically alienated group.”

[Box, p 13]

Flatland 30 pe Black -- RAU Report

Rand Afrikaans University re-
searchers have estimated that
almost 30 percent of people liv-
ing in South Africa’s three
most densely populated
“white” areas are black.

Of the 65 000 estimated to be
living in Hillbrow, Joubert
Park and Berea, about 9000
are coloured, 6000 Indian and
5 000 black.

Mr Johan Fick, chairman of
RAU’s Department of Develop-
ment, said yesterday the racial
character of the areas showed
how ineffectual the Group
Areas Act had been.

The department chose the
three suburbs to establish the
attitudes of people already liv-
ing in a multiracial society —

/13046
csO: 3400/464

as opposed to other surveys
which, the report said, canvas-
sed whites whose “perceptions
of relations over the colour line
are not primarily determined
by intensity of day-to-day prac-
tical contact situations”.

The report said the area sur-
veyed had a total residential
Property value representing
38 percent of all of Johannes-
burg’s 581 suburbs. The only
other “white” Johannesburg
suburb housing a comparable
number of black, coloured and
Indian people was Mayfair,
which was not taken into ac-
count in the pilot study because
of its different geographical
and socio-economic nature.

However a superficial ex-

87

ploratory study undertaken in
Mayfair, the report said, re-
vealed an apparent discrepan-
cy between the politically mo-
tivated views of some residents
(flowing from association with
right-wing political parties)
and the financial advantages
these same people were taking
due to the character change
their neighbourhood was under-
going.

“Their political sympathy
lies with the Conservative
Party or Herstigte Nasionale
Party but they eagerly sell
their houses at above market
prices to eager Indian buyers
or even, for.a handsome fee,
operate as so-called nominees
for well-to-do Indians to cir-
cumvent the Group Areas Act.”



ANGOLA

SAVIMBI ASKS FRANCE TO HELP PROMOTE PEACE TALKS
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Oct 86 p 10

[Text] Angola's rebel leader, Dr Jonas Savimbi, yesterday called on France
to try to pressure Angola's Marxist Government into accepting that only
negotiation can end the country's civil war.

Dr Savimbi, in France on the second-day of a European tour aimed at rallying
support for Unita, made the appeal at a meeting with about 25 Right-wing
National Assembly deputies.

They included parliamentarians supporting the Prime Minister, Mr Jacques
Chirac, whose government has ruled out any official reception for the rebel
leader.

"] want the support of France, not necessarily for Unita, but for negotia-
tions," Dr Savimbi said.

He said France, which unlike the United States has diplomatic relations
with Luanda, could help promote peace talks by using its influence in
Africa and Europe.

"The war will end only when there are talks," he said, warning that the Ll-
year conflict would spread if the Soviet-backed government in Luanda refused
to come to the negotiating table.

France has considerable economic interests in Angola but despite attempts
to distance the government from Dr Savimbi a number of leading politicians
close to the Gaullist Prime Minister have met and praised him.

Dr Savimbi said he was ready for negotiations without preconditions but
stressed he would insist on the withdrawal of an estimated 30000 Cuban troops
in Angola.

He said he was sure the Angolan Government must come to the negotiating table
soon as a major government offensive earlier this year had failed to crush
his forces.

Asked how long he thought it might take before talks started, he said "It is
no longer a question of years."

/12828
CSO: 3400/508 7



/13046
cso:

“The sanctions problem cannot be
dealt with by one party in isolation.
There must be an awareness that all sec-
tions of the community have a vested in-
terest in fighting sanctions and keeping

our export markets open.
For example, importers may not be-
lieve that they will be affected but if SA

does not earn sufficient foreign ex-
change then the supply to importers will
have to be rationed.”

The private sector has already been in

consultation with government on the

need to maintain exports, '

Apart from earning vital foreign ex-
change, exports serve to keep trade links
open, thereby negating the desired af-
fect of sanctions. .

With the emphasis on exports it has
been suggested that government provide
financial assistance to those
faced with cashflow problems. It is be-
lieved government export incentives are
presently being revised.

As sanctions are applied to SA’s pri-
mary markets, alternative markets will
be found through which exports can be
channeled.

“Creating alternative markets
shouldn’t be too difficult. We have had
numerous offers of help from abroad in
this matter. However, it may mean we
will have to enter less sophisticated

markets with a reduction in profitabili- -

ty,” says Corbin.

SA goods could also by-pass sanctions
by legitimately changing their country
of origin. If the final process of produc-
tion takes place, for example, in Swazi-
land, then goods may be classified as
produced in that country.

This practice already exists in Europe
where US set up the final stage of pro-
duction in an EC country in order to
avoid the community tariffs.

Counter-trading agreements — which
are practised in many Western countries
— could also be adopted. In these agree-
ments foreign tenderers, in return for
contracts, are asked to give a commit-
ment to develop SA exports.

It is estimated that more than 25% of
SA’s trade passes through international
trading houses at present. With interna-
tional associates ensuring an effective

3400/470

93

read of SA goods in world markets,
these institutions could be used to funnel
further trade abroad.

SA has the means, to a certain extent,
to circumvent the sanctions campaign,
albeit at the cost of restricted economic
growth and higher unemployment.

However, the success of any counter-
sanctions move will depend on measures
being adopted in anticipation of sanc-
tions rather than in response to them.

“If a foreign market is lost through
sanctions it will be difficult for us to re-
gain it,” Corbin warns.

SINCE the reduction of the oil
traffic around the Cape coast, the
Court Helicopter service has been
considerably reduced.

Court MD Jeremy Labus-
chagne says in spite of this, the
company has sustained its level of
service exports by seeking other
functions and areas that extend
as far as South America.

The ships’ service was the
largest of its kind in the world and
the Court range of helicopters
transported 59 500 passengers to
and from moving ships off the SA
coastline, and supplied over 45-
million kilograms of freight (or
bunkers) to ships passing through
SA waters.

Using its fleet of helicopters,
Court still operates a 24-hour,
seven-days-a-week helicopter
service carrying bunkers, crew
changes, paint, movies and occa-
sionally technicians to ships pass-
ing SA ports.

‘The service means ships nei-
ther have to put into port nor do
they have to anchor, but can con-
tinue on course.

Except when there are passen-
gers to be transported, the heli-
copter does not even have to land,
but lowers rope-loads of fresh
vegetables, fresh meat, post and
other ships’ requirements on to
the deck.

To compensate for the decline
in Shipping over the past few
years, Court has expanded its op-
erations to aerial spraying, game
control, offshore oilrig support,
survey and salvage missions.



There is much validity in the
view that inflationary expecta-
tions and a tendency to link wage

salary increases to the rise in
the consumer price index play an
important role in the inflationary
process in SA.

In theory, therefore, official
wage-price controls or guidelines
might shorten lags in the price in-
dex behind the demand restraining
measures, and might reduce the
real economic cost of curbing in-
flation. But the practical problems
and more fundamental dvan-
tages that would arise from any
such direct intervention would
probably outweigh any such possi-

le advantage.

. C remrtenive direct wage and
price freezes or controls cannot
therefore be recommended for use
under present SA conditions.

The upshot is that price and
wage controls can at best treat the

mptoms. of inflation but never
the real-causes. Inflation artificial-
ly “suppressed” by direct controls
is still inflati

on government. and other public
sector bodies to guide the labour
market towards greater harmony
with the aggregate demand policies
of the authorities.

It must also be recognised that
the influence exerted in this field
by the public sector covers a broad
range of “administered pricing,”
including the determination of

ices of icultural pro-
ants lectrieity, basic steel End
transport and postal services.

i

Trout the determination of
these administered prices the pub-
lic sector automatically exercises
a powerful autonomous influence
on the processes of wage and price
formation and the pattern of rela-
tive prices in the economy as a
whole.

The second aspect of the infla-
tion debate is whether, in situa-
tions where it is accepted that the
inflation is being caused mainly by
excess demand, quantitative mon-
etary controls should be used to
reduce demand rather than mar-
ket-orientated policies.

ion. .
-'A particular responsibility rests

98

In this debate, as already indi-
cated, the monetary authorities
come down on the side of market-
orientated instruments of mone-
tary policy. These market-orien-
tated methods can then be
supplemented in exceptional cir-
cumstances by the use of the semi-
market-orientated technique of
varying the banks’ cash reserve

juirements.
ods uantitative or “direct” meth-

of monetary policy, which at-
tempt to suspend or bypass the
operations of the financial mar-
kets, are avoided as far as possible.

This applies in particular to.
credit cellings, deposit rate con-
trols, lending rate controls (exclud-
ing usury rate restrictions), direct
controls over private sector cap-
ital issues and import deposit
schemes,

These controls not only obstruct
the efficient operation of many
financial markets but inevitably
also lead to large-scale “disinter-
mediation” and other distortions in
the flow of funds in the economy.
They therefore vitiate the at-
tempts of the monetary authorities
to exercise adequate influence
over monetary demand.

In inflation, as in most other
things, there is always the excep-
tion that proves the rule. I am
referring here to the accelerated
rate of inflation in SA during 1985
and 1986, which is difficult to ex-
plain in conventional terms.

T.. inflation of the past ‘18
months has clearly not been de-
mand inflation. The broad money
supply M3 has risen over the past
year by only about 10%, compared
with a target rate of 16% to 20%
between the fourth quarter of 1985
and the fourth quarter of 1986. In
addition, total spending has been
rising too slowly rather than too
rapidly.

Nor has the inflation of the past
two years been of a typically
wage-push kind. As part of the in-
flationary spiral, wages and sala-
ries have, of course, risen by more
than productivity.

But they have risen by less than
the rate of inflation, so that real
wages and salaries have declined
quite markedly.


NEW DEMANDS PLACED ON MAINTENANCE SKILLS

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Nov 86 p 9

[Article by Mick Collins]

[Text]

113046
cso:

RECENT developments in SA will place
even greater demands on maintenance engi-
neers, said Dorbyl’s CE Dawid Mostert. Ad-
dressing last week’s Maintenance Manage-
ment Convention in Johannesburg, Mostert
told delegates that, with capital expenditure
at lower levels than depreciation charges,
the country is divesting as far as plant and
machinery is co!

“The overall effect is that equipment is
petting older and replacement decisions are
being delayed. There has been a drop in fixed
investment in real terms and the country is
not investing in new plant and equipment at
the normal rate.”

Mostert also said that the value of a de-
pressed rand resulted in price increases
which made it difficult to justify replace-
ment, even where substantial productivity
improvements go with the introduction of
more modern equi ment. “SA has lar,
foreign debts, and this is likely to limit the
availability of finance for domestic invest-

3400/472

114

ment. The country will not be able to depend
on a significant inflow of foreign capital in
the forseeable future.”

Escom’s senior GM Ian McRae said main-
tenance engineers must come to terms with
the reality of the political situation. “The
real issue is not political unrest and sanc-
tions, but understanding the new SA that is
emerging. We have to come. to terms with
the fact that we are a developing nation.
Developing nations have a number of things
in common. The population is largely un-
skilled or semi-skilled and productivity is
usually low when measured against sophisti-
cated world outputs. Such countries can sel-
dom afford the best and most sophisticated
in the world.”

The absence of foreign capital, coupled
with sanctions, are forcing industrialists to
face reality and consider every avenue that
will curb costs. “Ironically, sanctions will

bably force us into action to achieve the
improved productivity we have been talking
about for so long.”


SIERRA LEONE

BRIEFS

MUSLIM POLITICS, RESTRICTIONS—~Earlier this month, Second Vice President Abu
Kamara revealed that 200 air tickets donated by Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iran
had been sold on the black market by ‘dishonest Muslims." The tickers were
intended for distribution to Muslims who wished to undertake the pilgrimage to
Mecca but who had insufficient money to:pay the fare, Kamara also suggested
that other funds destined for pilgrims, had been abused by Islamic groups, and
that this was one reason why so few Sierra Leoneans had been to Mecca this year.
The authorities have now informed their Arab counterparts that aid to Sierra
Leonean Muslims must henceforth pass through the government and may not be
given directly to religious groups, A ministerial sub-committee has been set
up to investigate the creation of a central organisation for Muslim affairs.
These developments may perhaps be seen in the light of fierce Arab-Israeli
competition for influence in Sierra Leone, The outcome also has implications
for South Africa (AC Vol 27 Nos 19, 21). ‘The government's latest moves may be
interpreted not just as an anti-corruption measure but also as a means of

curtailing the influence of Arab and Islamic states, [Text] [London AFRICA
CONFIDENTIAL in English 29 Oct 86 p 8] /9274

csO: 3400/477

61



SOUTH AFRICA

CP LEADER CRITICIZES DELAY OF GROUP AREAS REPORT

MB220733 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2149 GMT 21 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Nov 21, SAPA-The decision by the Presidents Council
to delay the report on the Group Areas Act for six months was yet another
example of the "evasive tactics used by the National Party to postpone any
decision until after the forthcoming by-elections."

In a statement today, the leader of the Conservative Party, Dr Andreis Treurnicht
said the recommendations of the Presidents Council were expected to mirror

Mr P.W. Botha's desire to legalise grey areas throughéut the country. "But

he has deviously delayed the moment of truth. Not even the NP faithful are
prepared to accept tampering with the Group Areas Act nor the integration of
schools and other facilities within their communities," he said.

"By using these ploys, Mr P.W. Botha is postponing the inevitable. The NP has
painted itself into a corner.

"Resentment at the NP's dishonesty is creating a backlash. They have delayed
proclaiming their intentions regarding the opposition of Norweto, and they
have created suspicion in the minds of the voters that they are merely placing
these issues on ice until after the forthcoming by-elections.

"Only the Conservative Party can be trusted to uphold the Group Areas Act,"
said Dr Treurnicht.

/8309
CSO: 3400/468

67



matters of a critical and speculative nature. One disquieting fact emerges
which should give pause for thought: namely, the clear intent on the part of
some high government circles to evade the questions and to say nothing in
response. It is a kind of conspiracy of silence that: may suggest the hypothesis
of the existence of a powerful lobby that favors the existing Ethiopian regime,
fashioning political attitudes and decisions which cannot be interpreted as
being in accord with a proper policy of noninterference vis-a-vis a foreign
government.

The publication as a whole reflects the desire to reopen and reintroduce--in
the most appropriate ways and forums--the case of the Eritrean people, while
requesting a parliamentary debate in accordance with the people's inalienable
right to self-determination: a legitimate aspiration which for more than 40
years has obliged the Eritreans to fight with stubborn tenacity for their own
autonomy.

We are convinced that the time has come-~and that the international political
conditions are present--for an Italian initiative.

Next January, Italy will become a nonpermanent member--for 2 years--of the UN
Security Council: a circumstance of great importance that should be utilized
to the maximum.

In a recent statement the current minister of foreign affairs envisaged an
Italian initiative for a peace conference in connection with the Iran-Iraq
conflict; and in Parliament last June he asserted the necessity for compliance
with UN Resolution 435 in order to find a political solution in Namibia for the
denial of its independence.

As a former colonial power we have the humanitarian and moral duty--inasmuch as
the armed Eritrean separatism manifested itself immediately following our defeat
in East Africa--to sponsor an initiative that will permit a political solution
of the Eritrean problem, mindful of the fact that relations between Eritrea and
Ethiopia are based on the famous Federal Resolution 390A/5, approved by the UN
in December 1950 and in whose formulation our country also participated.

The present minister of foreign affairs--who is sensitive to Middle Eastern
questions-~-also cannot fail to demonstrate an interest in this serious problem
that is tormenting and bloodying the Horn of Africa.

Most opportune indeed, in this connection, are the words spoken by Omar Burg at
the recent meeting between the office of the chairman of the socialist group of
the Chamber of Deputies and a delegation from the Eritrean Liberation Front.

We do not employ terrorism--he said--to make ourselves known and recognized
internationally. Precisely for this reason an impenetrable conspiracy of
silence is practiced, so as not to draw attention to the enormous difficulties
encountered by the Eritrean political refugees, who are employed largely in

the labor black market, a kind of geographical racism.

In this respect, it is worthwhile to emphasize the commitment of the socialist
members of parliament--a commitment confirmed at the aforementioned meeting by

12


TWO BUSINESSMEN SEEK TRADE WITH ALBANIA

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 17 Nov 86 p 2

[Article by Peter Dennehy]

[Text]

/12828
cso:

TWO businessmen set off from Cape Town for Alba-
nia yesterday on a “fact-finding mission” to explore
the possibility of trade with the friendless hardline
communist country.

The two gave their names as Mr Desmond Tosk
(British) and Mr David Geg (American). Their sur-
names are curiously similar to the names of the two
main groupings of Albanians, the Ghegs and Tosks.

They said they had formed an “Albanian Aliyah
Society” four or five months ago in South Africa.

“Aliyah” literally means “going up”, but it can also
be translated as “emigrating”, Mr Tosk said. Apart
from establishing diplomatic and trade relations, the
two hoped to explore the possibility of South Afri-
cans emigrating to Albania.

Why Albania? Well, Mr Geg said, Albania was one
of the most racially and ethnically homogeneous
countries in the world, and many South Africans
might like to escape from the diversity which appar-

‘ently makes a country’s problems so intractable.

Export fruit

“President Enver Hoxha is dead. His successor,
Ramiz Alia, is opening up trade relations with the

rest.” ae :

Mr Tosk said he was already in the exporting
business, and hoped to export fruit to Albania.

Asked whether a communist country was not like-
ly to boycott South African fruit, he said he was
confident Albania was sufficiently pragmatic to
trade with anyone, as it was a “pariah” country.

Although Albania was the only country in the
world with atheism written into its constitution, it
had some good points, Mr Geg said.

The communists had raised the literacy level to 80
Percent in the poverty-stricken country of 3 million
People.

Albanians were proud of their special brand of
“democracy”, according to an article Mr Tosk gave
the Cape Times.

Mr Tosk and Mr Geg expect to be back within a
week,

3400/494

95

SOUTH AFRICA



GHANA

PAPER LAMBASTS THIRD WORLD'S UN VIETNAM VOTE
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 29 Oct 86 p 2
[Editorial]

[Text] The reasons why Viet-Nam troops are in Kampuchea made the third world
UN members' support for last Tuesday's UT decision calling for the Viet-Namese
troops’ withdrawal a most ridiculous and self-effacing support. What were the
third world countries supporting? The votes they case in support of the de-
cision is like supporting a call for the withdrawal of Cuban troops from
Angola} and the effect of a withdrawal of Viet~Namese troops from Kampuchea
would be like installing a Savimbi regime in Angola, That is to say that in
supporting the withdrawal of Viet-Namese troops, the third world countries

had given their backing to an imperialist move to instal a puppet regime in
Kampuchea,

A powerful Viet-Nam means a strong base for anti~imperialist [words indis-
tinct] in South-East Asia, So with the end of the US aggression in Viet-Nam
and therewith the collapse of the Diem puppet regime, the imperialist forces
quickly tried to strengthen their alternative puppet regime in Kampuchea,
whose two main tasks were to clamp down on the progressive forces in Kampuchea
itself and to provide the base for imperialist destabilization activities
against the new revolutionary Viet-Nam government,

Therefore, in terms of Kampuchea's own national interests, the Viet-Namese
presence there in support of the government which has replaced the puppet
Pol Pot regime is to ensure the consolidation of Kampuchea's independence
under her patriotic nationalist forces in terms of Viet~Nam's own interest,
the consolidation of the power of the nationalist forces in Kampuchea means
the removal of a serious source of destabilization against her independence
and sovereignty,

Viewed from the point of the protection which the Viet-Namese presence provides
for Kampuchea's independence, we have another situation of a third world country
acting to secure the stability of another third world country, So we must

ask again: To what purpose did the third world countries, the Non-Aligned
Movement for that matter, vote for the withdrawal of Viet-Namese troops from
Kampuchea?

17



African border with the Mozambican provinces of Maputo and Gaza. If they
should be used in southern Mozambique within the next few weeks, it is to be
assumed that Pretoria's tactical objective is to prevent the armed forces of
Mozambique and Zimbabwe from concentrating on the operations in Sofala, Tete,
and Zambezia, so as to consolidate the bandits" positions in that area; and
then Pretoria could wash its ‘hands of Malawi.

Another major factor is the series of threats from Malan since the death of
Samora Machel, some of which have been aimed at Zambia and Zimbabwe. They

are threats which are completely consistent with the widespread destabilization
planned by Malan as a prelude to his "Gordian Knot."

At this point, it is important to mention two things. On the one hand, the
fact that South Africa is training Zambian armed bandits in Namibia to infil-
trate Zambia, primarily from the UNITA bases in Angola, is by now public
knowledge. On the other, reports not yet confirmed cite the presence of

5,000 Zimbabwean "dissidents" in northern Transvaal, ready to enter Zimbabwe.

It may be a means of drawing Zimbabwean troops outside of the area of operations
in. Mozambique.

Therefore, a South African “Gordian Knot," although aimed fundamentally against
Mozambique, would include lateral operations in several other countries of
southern Africa.

As I remarked at the beginning, Kaulza's "Gordian Knot" was the largest coloni-
al military operation in Mozambique. It was also the beginning of the end of
Portuguese colonialism. Surrounded, FRELIMO entered combat with a vitality
never before shown.

One day, not many years ago, a FRELIMO veteran told us that it was the "Gordian
Knot" that gave the FRELIMO commanders the necessary fighting spirit to take
on the highly trained special units of the Portuguese Army.

He claimed that, until the "Gordian Knot," many commanders were always think-
ing of one thing: They wanted to see the FRELIMO flag put up on the pole in
Lourenco Marques and, hence, they did not do everything that they could have
in the battles. Once surrounded, and without any chances of escaping, they
revealed a courage and combativeness that amazed both themselves and the Portu-
guese. The essence of that time is being repeated today.

And Malan has already succeeded in doing two things that are very unfavorable
for him: Today, the Front Line's unity regarding Mozambique is being demon-
strated with an intensity never before observed, and there are several
countries ready to come to the aid of the Front Line if it should prove
necessary.

For the present, Samora Machel's death appears to-have put an end to some

obstacles of a political nature in the area: it was a Zimbabwean delegation,
headed by the vice prime minister, Simon Muzenda, and not a Mozambican

46



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SA Maize Board, SA Meat Board, SA Mint, SA
Mohair Board, SA Oilseed Board, SA Potato Board,
SA Reserve Bank, SA Rooibos Board, SA Sugar As-
sociation, SA Tobacco Board, SA_Transport Ser-
vices (including SAA), SA Wheat Board, SA Wool
Board, South Atlantic Cable Co, Southern Oil Ex-

oration Corporation (Pty) Ltd (Soekor), Southern
ba Exploration Corporation (SWA) (Pty) Ltd, SWA
Broadcasting Corporation, SWA Karakul Board,
SWA Water and Electricity Corporation (Pty) Ltd.

Steel Sales Company of Africa (Iscor subsidiary),
Suprachem (Pty) Ltd (Iscor subsidiary), Swartklip
Products (Pty) Ltd, Tecnetics (Pty) Ltd, Thames
Wire and Cable (Pty) Ltd, Transkei Development
Corporation Ltd, Transvaal Copper Rod Co Ltd
(Union Steel subsidiary), Tshikondeni Mining Co
(Pty) Ltd (Iscor subsidiary), Tusitala (Pty) Ltd,
Union Steel Corporation, Usko Aluminum Corp
(Pty) Ltd (Union Steel subsidiary), Usko Aluminum
Systems (Pty) Ltd (Union Steel subsidiary).

Usko Huiseienaars (Pty) Ltd (Union Steel subsid-
iary), Usko. Kabelmaatskappy (Pty) Ltd (Union
Steel subsidiary), Vantin (Pty) Ltd (Iscor subsid-
iary), Veldmaster (Pty) Ltd (Union Steel subsid-
iary), Veldmaster Incorporated (Union Steel sub-
sidiary), Venda Development Corporation Ltd,
Virema (Pty) Ltd, Voms (Pty) Ltd (Putco subsid-
iary), Voms Parts (Pty) Ltd (Putco subisidary),
Vryheid (Natal) Railway Coal and Iron Co (Iscor
subsidiary), Yskor Landgoed (Pty) Ltd (Iscor sub-
sidiary), Yskor Newcastle Grondbesit Ltd (Iscor
subsidiary). — Sapa-Reuter.

91



19274
cso:

3400/484

continue ,with the five-day
working week if there is no
increase in’ productivity by those
who now. enjoy a longer rest.

+ period. :

Kenyans should bear in ‘mind,
the fact that whén we. take into
count the’ publi¢ holidays and

the two additional days of rest for’

each .week in the year, the
ayeragé Kenyan worker is able to
rest for 114 days out of 365 days'in
‘the year.

‘This is a substantial period of
rest which ‘must be compensated

. for during working days. After all,

even when we rest, we still require
‘to feed adequately; we. need to-
clothe ourselves; provide medical.
care; education. facilities and
decent houses for our growing
population,

In simple terms, all of us need
to earn our days of, rest by
redoubling, our effort during
working days. .

1, therefore, call on all Kenyaris
in’ farms, factories, -offices and
other services to increase their
productivity in order to create
more wealth and employment
opportunities in the country.

This is the only way through
which we can hope for greater
prosperity and improved lives for
al

My remarks so far have been
based on matters that are of
concern to us ‘locally within the
country. However, as I mentioned
earlier today, we are an
inseparable part of the world
system.. For this reason it is
important for us to always bear in
mind developments that take.
place elsewhere, and which
invariably affect the conduct of
our own affairs.

Here in Kenya, we have been
steadfast in the desire to pursue a
policy of good neighbourliness
and peaceful co-existence. This
policy remains unchanged.
Indeed, we look forward to con-

tinued peace not, only in our
country, but also in those coun-
tries we share boundaries with,
and the world at large.

Denied

It is, therefore, a matter of
great concern to us that our
brothers and sisters in Namibia
and South Africa continue’to be,
denied their. rightful share ‘ of
peace and human dignity.
Instead of accepting thie bitter
truth that apartheid has no
place on the face of the earth,
the tacist regime continues
to impose its evil rule. through
violence.

‘The Pretoria regime should get
the clear message that there is no
rule on earth which can survive
on'violence and repression.

Our -brothers and sisters in
Namibia and South’ Africa can
continue to count on the support
of each and every Kenyan in their
just struggle for peace and human
dignity. We support the
encouraging action being ‘taken
by ‘the international: community
to impose economic sanctions on
the. racist regime. ‘It-is' our hope
that more determined’ measures
will be puraued to bring aparth-
eid down on its knees.

Finally, my dear countrymen,
we must bear in mind that peace
and’ stability will remain the
foundation of our prosperity. We
have no‘ room for divisive
leadership: squabbles in Kenya,
and. this is certainly not the right
time for selfish pressure groups to
pursue their own interests at the
expense of the national good.

Let us; therefore,.on this day,
resolve to renew our dedication to’
national unity which,’ alone,.
provides the -framework for our
development, through love, peace
and unity.

‘Thank you. 9

29



Deputy Marte Ferrari--to give unconditional support to the Eritrean cause. It
is no accident that Deputy Ferrari underscored the necessity for Parliament

finally to hold--after many repeated requests--a comprehensive in-depth debate
in which each parliamentary group would adopt well-defined policies and actions

The target date for the near future--in the event this desire to debate per-
sists and prevails--is the vote on ratification of the agreement between our
government and the Ethiopian Government regulating certain relations of a
financial nature.

This is an important opportunity that should be used, among other things, to
clarify a fundamental problem, to wit: Ethiopia cannot alternate freely and
easily between political and strategic aid in the context of the Eastern bloc,
on the one hand, and massive economic, financial, and food aid from the West,
and in particular from Italy through the FAI [Italian Aid Fund]

This is a problem that must be resolved, in the name of clarity and fairness in
international relations.

The Eritrean delegation received similar assurances at the meeting with Deputy
Spini, who heads the foreign affairs department of the party leadership. On
this occasion, attention was also quite properly called to the commitment, the
interest, and the sensitivity vis-a-vis the Eritrean cause that have been
demonstrated on several occasions-~and in various forums-~-by the party secre-
tary and prime minister, the honorable Bettino Craxi.

10992
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13



NIGERIA

NAN MAY CLOSE FOREIGN BUREAUS TO SAVE MONEY
AB150615 Lagos Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 14 Nov 86

[Text] The News Agency of Nigeria, NAN, may close down all its bureaus abroad
by the end of the year due to foreign exchange constraints. The general
manager of the Agency, Dr (Nwabo Ngbomena), who gave this indication in Lagos,
confirmed that three out of the 10 bureaus have been closed down and the
correspondents recalled home. Ogie Oboigbe has the report:

[Oboigbe] The News Agency of Nigeria has been operating in 10 major cities
abroad with 11 correspondents. In the last few months, the bureaus in Cairo,
Egypt; Belgrade, Yugoslavia; and New Delhi in India, have been closed down.
The remaining foreign posts, likely to suffer the same fate is the agency's
financial position does not improve, are located in Abidjan, Nairobi, Harare,
London, New York, Washington D.C. and Moscow. Dr (Ngbomiena), NAN general
manager, said the organization had been spending about 19 percent of its
budget in the running of its foreign posts.

The introduction of the second-tier foreign exchange market has also not
helped matters, since NAN, even with a meagre allocation, has to go through
the market. Dr (Ngbomena) who was answering a question during the news
briefing by the Minister of Information and Culture, Prince Tony Momoh, said
NAN will not be able to help recalling all its foreign correspondents unless
somd manna fell from heaven to bail it out of the situation. Prince Tony
Momoh had earlier spoken of plans by the agency to computerize its operations
in order to improve editing processes, transmission of information, and
documentation.

[Begin Momoh recording] By the year 1988, the agency has decided to lay more
emphasis on developmental (?news). To this end, NAN, in addition to having
(?her staff) correspondents in each state capital, has set up 12 district
offices in all major cities and in other major towns at least to have one
district office in each state by the end of the year. The agency, in this
light, will start regional distribution of local news to enable newspapers and
local media and television stations to receive all stories and features
emanating from their areas which by their choice of developmental and local
matters will be more relevant to the people of those areas. The agency's 12
district offices are situated at Onitcha in Anambra state, Ogoja Cross River
state, [name indistinct] in Bornu state, Zaria in Kaduna state, Aba in Imo
state, [name indistinct] in Sokoto state, Ukere in Kwara state, Warri in

57



/13046
cso:

3400/472

Outlawed

In less than three years,
the foundation has provided
the impetus for the establish-
ment of 250 such creches.

Like the 5569 so-called
farm schools throughout the
country, they were funded
without Government aid.

‘The foundation says the
ravaging effects of alcohol-
ism remains the most press-
ing social problem among
farm workers.

Alcoholism in farming
communities has long been
linked with the so-called “dop
system” — a highly criticised
form of workers’ compensa-

tion.

And while the practice has
been outlawed, the tradition
rémains on some farms — to
the serious detriment of the
workers and their families.

The lack of recreational
and entertainment facilities
is a further contributory
cause of alcoholism.

Mr Bailey said almost 23

rcent of farms still have a
form of ‘dop system’, but
most regarded it as a perk
rather than compensation,

‘Among the foundation's
recent achievements are the
establishment of funeral and
life insurance schemes. And
the unionising of farm work-
ers is gradually being accept-
ed. fe

110

Inclusion

Their exclusion from the
Labour Relations Act has so
far prohibited formal union
activities, but observers be-
lieve that a top-level reas-
‘sessment of the situtation is
at hand.

‘The long-awaited National
Manpower Commission re-
port on domestic and farm
workers, expected to be de-
bated ‘in Parliament next
year, is likely to recommend
the inclusion of both sectors
in the Basic Conditions of
Employment Act (this would
allow official union activi-
ties) as well as the Unem-
ployment Insurance Act.

‘litical pressuré from
conservative groups has been
blamed for the delay in the
report, initiated as far back
as 1982.

‘Said Mr Bailey: “Many far-
mers are not afraid of unions,
but the move will no doubt
receive opposition from con-
servatives. Our aim is to edu-
cate both employer and em-
ployee’ and assist them. to
phase it in painlessly.

“What is more important,
though, is the implementa-
tion of proper employment
agreements which provide
for annual leave, sick leave
and remuneration according ~
to skills.”


Mgm4 and Mgms5 are still only
about 345m deep.

However, speculation is rife that
a further two intersections have
been made on the farm south of
Gerhardminnebron, Stom fon-
tein, at depths of 3 and
2000m. At first glance, these two
farms seem likely to be the site of
any spective
development.
Goldfields has

one portent on
Stompoorfontein,
while the miner-
al rights are di-
vided between
Anglo (50%),
Gold Fields

a 10% subscrip-
tion right in any
new venture un-
dertaken by
Anglo Prospect-
ing in the Mooir-

ding t eetin area. Acc-
ording to a prospecting map pro-
duc by stockbrokers Anderson,
Wilson, the mineral rights on Ger-
hardminnebron are divided be-
tween New Wits (23%) and New
Central Wits (67%).

In terms of a contract with
Anglo, New Central Wits must sink
another three boreholes before de-
ciding whether to continue pros-

“pecting operations. “~:~

This ' first phase of drilling
should be complete by 1991. Mean-
while, geologists believe the reef

112

intersections may indicate another
entry point to the Witwatersrand

T:. OFS, Carletonville, Wit-
watersrand and Klerksdorp gold
mines are all situated on areas
thought to be prehistoric fan-
shaped fluvial inlets to the basin.
During various stages of the
earth’s development, gold was. de-
ited in these areas, leading to
formation of the gold-bearing

reefs.

While it is still too early to prove
this is the case on Gerhardminne-
bron, mining houses are keeping a
close watch on the drilling activi-
ties in progress.

If another alluvial fan exists,
gold deposits may extend over a
wide area and, if payable, could
lead to the development of several
new.gold mines. .

Boe important factor is that
the reef which has been exposed —
at a 40 dey dip — appears to b
the same horizon that is payable in
the Vaal Reefs area.

If the drilling of many more bor-
eholes proves this, economic min-
eralisation could extend from
Klerksdorp to Gerhardminnebron.

With this in mind, even those
with no vested interest in the area
are excited about the initial drill-
ing results and see the door open
for the development of another
noteworthy goldfield. Hy


De Kock Gives Views on Inflation During Seminar
(BUSINESS DAY, 5 Nov 86) ..

Few Farmers Reap Benefits From Overflowing Limpopo River
(Dirk Nel; THE STAR, 6 Nov 86) ..cccecccceccccvccsvcecece

Social Security Net Widened To Help More Jobless People
(Kym Hamilton; THE STAR, 14 Nov 86) .....oe.

Organizations Feed Hungry in Port Elizabeth Townships
(WEEKEND POST, 8 Nov 86) ..

Walmer Township Soup Kitchen, by Mike Mabusela
Many Take To Self-Employment

Few Soup Kitchens in Townships, by Mike Mabusela
Unemployment Benefits Exhausted by Many

Need for Clothing, by Jenny Cullum

Unemployment Worries Continue, Economists Expect Worse
(Gerald Reilly; BUSINESS DAY, 18 Nov 86) ..ccoscescocecee

Rural Foundation Program Gives Hope to Poor Farmers
(Elsabe Wessels; SUNDAY TIMES, 16 Nov 86) ..cccccccceesoe

Attention Focuses on Potchefstroom Gap for New Gold Field
(Cherilyn Ireton; BUSINESS DAY, 11 Nov 86) ...coeccceecece

New Demands Placed on Maintenance Skills
(Mick Collins; BUSINESS DAY, 5 Nov 86) cecssscceecssoncee

Country's Diminishing Air Link Options Noted
(Zenaide Vendeiro; THE STAR, 5 Nov 86) .ossceeesscceeccce

Briefs
150,000 Tons of Wheat Imports
Trade Normalizer Identified
Foreign Tourists Down
More Firms Trading in Africa
Fake Swazi Label Trade

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

/9986

Consumption of Low Grade Coal Frees Higher Quality for Export
(John Orpen; THE SUNDAY STAR, 12 Oct 86) cooescececseceec

New Group Set To Help in Field of High Technology
(BUSINESS DAY, 30 Oct 86) ccccccccccecccssscccccssceccess

97
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102
104
104
105
105

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107

108

109

111

114

115

116
116
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117

118

119


COSATU CONDEMNS PLATINUM PLANT MOVE-~A meeting of the Congress of SA Trade
Unions (Cosatu) central executive committee this weekend condemned the
decision of Mathey Rustenburg Refiners to relocate its Wadeville platinum
refinery in Bophuthatswana. Cosatu described the move which, it said, was
taken without consulting the Chemical Workers' Industrial Union, as reflecting
support for “apartheid's bantustan policy". The meeting also demanded that
General Motors reinstate all workers dismissed during the present strike and
“accede to all demands of workers". It listed a number of conditions to
which companies planning to disinvest should adhere. Cosatu further
condemned the "violent attack on unarmed and defenceless workers" at the
Metal and Allied Workers’ Union annual general meeting at Curries Fountain,
Durban, on Sunday. Meanwhile a delegation from the Chamber of Mines met
officials of the Department of Manpower yesterday for talks over the ban on
Mozambican migrant labour, which was imposed after a landmine explosion in
Natal several weeks ago. After the meeting, the chamber would only confirm
that it had taken place and that talks would continue. However, the mining
industry is concerned about the ban, which effectively prevents the recruit-
ment of Mozambicans and the renewal of contracts of those already working in
SA. [By Alan Fine] [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 18 Nov 86
p 5] /13046

CSO: 3400/464

89



KENYA

BRIEFS

NAVAL VISIT TO SEYCHELLES--Two missile-equipped Kenyan navy ships, the
Jamhuri and the Harambe, have made a visit to the Seychelles, spending five
days in the port of Victoria, Apart from the Indian navy, it is exceedingly
rare for ships of other countries in the region to call at the Seychelles.
The two Kenyan ships are also expected to visit Port Louis, Mauritius, and
Antseranana, Madagascar. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in
English 25 Oct 86 p 2] /9274

BADEA ROAD CONSTRUCTION ASSISTANCE--The drive to upgrade existing roadways and
extend road routes in Kenya is being assisted by the Arab Bank for Economic
Development in Africa (Badea), The president of Badea, Dr Chedly Ayari, and
Kenya's assistant Minister for Finance, Mr J, N, Michuki, recently signed a
loan agreement whereby the bank will lend US$6.8 million for the part-construc-
tion of a 323 kilometre road from Thika to Garissa, The Badea loan is repay-
able in 17 years, including a four-year grace period, and the interest rate

is at 6% per annum, This contribution by the bank will cover almost one-fifth
of the total estimated cost of the project, comprising the construction of a
125km road section between Kalanga and Laga Hamaris which is one of three
components of the planned Thika-Garissa road, On completion the route will
form an international highway linking Kenya and Somalia, Apart from opening
up agricultural, industrial and tourism potential in the area the development
of the highway is seen as enhancing economic cooperation and integrating com-
mercial, social and cultural activities between Kenya and Somalia, The present
loan brings to five operations worth some US$30,.42 million in aid which Badea
has extended to Kenya, During the period 1974 to 1985 Kenya has received total
Arab capital aid of US$467.9 million, [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE
in English 24 Oct 86 p 7] /9274

EEC FOOD AID-.The European Economic Commission is to provide 11,000 tons of
food to Kenya as part of its 1986 Food Aid programme, The decision to pro-
vide the food aid was reached on Monday this week, The food aid is valued
at about shs, 27 million and the wheat will be given to the National Cereals
and Produce Board for sale to the millers with the proceeds of the sale de-
voted to the finance of long-term development projects aimed to increase
Kenya's food selfwsufficiency, [Text] [Article by Willys Otieno] [Nairobi
THE KENYA TIMES in English 31 Oct 86 p 3] /9274

cso: 3400/483

34


SOUTH AFRICA

EXPERTS FEAR FIRMER GOVERNMENT HAND IN ECONOMY

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 7 Nov 86 p 3

[Article by Stephen Rogers]

[Text] RECENT figures on government con-
sumption spending have led to fears
about the extent of government involve-
ment in the economy and the commit-
ment to privatisation and deregulation.

Government consumption spending
grew, in real terms, by 5% in the year to
June and, according to Reserve Bank
economic adviser Roger Gidlow, has
been the main stimulus behind the up-

swing in the economy.

Many economists believe these fig-
ures confirm a trend of increasing gov-
ernment involvement in the economy in
the 80s. Public sector spending — as a
percentage of gross domestic product —
rose to 26% last year, from 22,1% at the

beginning of the decade.

/13046
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96

“This was in a period of economic
difficulty and perhaps was inevitable as
the public sector took up the slack in the
private sector,” says an economist.

Higher public spending has been advo-
cated by many asa short-term policy for’
an economy in recession.

“This Keynesian policy may actually
be desirable if it stimulates the economy
in the absence of any improvement in
the private sector,” says Reserve Bank
Governor Gerhard de Kock.

Hopefully, today’s conference be-
tween government and business will al-
low the private sector to persuade gov-
ernment to reaffirm its commitment to
privatisation and deregulation.

“Government must initiate a transfer
of resources to the private sector which
is productive in the utilisation of re-
sources,” says JCI economist Ronnie
Bethleham.


MOZAMBIQUE

U.S. RIGHT, LEFT VIEWS ON NATION CARICATURIZED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 4 Nov 86 p 6

{Commentary by Simon Barber:

Mozambique"

(Text ]

AESAR DIVIDED Gaul
into three bits. Southern
Africa .is divided by his
pale imitators in Washing-
ton into two — one ruled by tyr-
annous white neo-Nazis, the oth-
er by incompetent, venal and
murderous black Marxists.

Liberal opinion is bent on stick-
ing it to the former; conservative
to the latter. While these view-
points have the virtue of making
American policy evenhanded, they
lack, shall we say, a certain subtle-
ty. More to the point, they are mak-
ing it almost certain that for the
foreseeable future Washington will
have nothing better to offer the
region’s people than the bloodiness
that is them now.

The Left, having had its way on
the part it finds interesting, is tem-
porarily demobilised, being — as a
recent State Department memo to
President Reagan felicitously ana-
logised — in a state of “post-coital
ergised by defeat, its f

ergi: feat, its favour-
ite turn of events, the Right is
freshly rampant and ready for
mischief. The device upon its ban-
ner is unusually strange, even by
its own habitually odd standards.
The new cause to be championed is
Renamo, the authentic voice of
freedom and the American way in
Mozambique.

37

“America's Right Now Puts the Boot into

0... at the Heritage Foundation
and other Places ner ate pe ra-
ive foreign icy an: pur-

to think, Be faithful are busily
learning how to pronounce Afonso
Dhlakama without putting an “1” in
his Christian name.

Their task, given that many of
their number still verbally confuse
the head of Inkatha with an enner-
vating African disease and have
only just discovered that one “Dr
Sabimini” is not the last best ho
of Angolia, is an arduous one — the
more so because, in Dhlakama’s
case, no one can even put a face to
the name.

At least Mozambique is memo-
rable. It’s a po) our of ice
cream sold at Bob’s, a parlour next
to Heritage’s headquarters where
Renamo’s man in Washington, Lius
Serapiao, hangs his shingle. Per-
haps he slips next door to eat his
country’s namesake.

Actually, and to complicate
matters rather further than mere
pronunciation, there is some argu-
ment as to whether Serapiao’s hem
belongs to the genuine raiment, if
in such a thing exists.

Let us not not forget Artur Vi-
lankulu and the Friends of Mozam-
bique, whose s r, the conser-
vative Action Foundation, claims
Serapiao is a “liar and a fraud”.