APPENDIX EList of Figures and Tablesfor Chapters 1 through 4File 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 112/16/2013 10:36:47 AMARB Almanac 2013 – Appendix E: Lists of Figures and Tables for Chapters 1 through 4E-2Chapter 1:Introduction1-1 People Living in Areas Meeting or Exceeding the 8-Hour Ozone Standard.........................................................................................1-51-2 California AirQuality Monitoring Sites.............................................................................................................................................1-131-3 CaliforniaAir Basins............................................................................................................................................................................1-141-4 National 8-Hour Ozone Designations .................................................................................................................................................1-191-5 National PM2.5Designations .........................................................................................................................................................1-21Chapter 2:Current Emissions and Air QualityNo FiguresChapter 3:Statewide Emission Trends and Forecasts3-1 Percent Change in Air Quality andGrowth.........................................................................................................................................3-33-2 Statewide NOxEmission Trends............................................................................................................................................................3-43-3 Statewide VOC Emission Trends...........................................................................................................................................................3-53-4 Statewide Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends............................................................................................................................3-63-5 Statewide Directly Emitted PM10Emission Trends.............................................................................................................................3-73-6 Statewide Diesel PM Emission Trends.................................................................................................................................................3-83-7 Statewide SOxEmission Trends............................................................................................................................................................3-93-8 Statewide AmmoniaEmission Trends.................................................................................................................................................3-10Chapter 4:Regional Trends and ForecastsSouth Coast Air Basin:4-1 AirBasin Map.........................................................................................................................................................................................4-44-2 Percent Growthin Population and VMT..............................................................................................................................................4-54-3 NOxEmission Trends.............................................................................................................................................................................4-64-4 VOCEmission Trends............................................................................................................................................................................4-64-5 Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends.............................................................................................................................................4-74-6 Diesel PMEmission Trends...................................................................................................................................................................4-84-7 Ammonia EmissionTrends....................................................................................................................................................................4-94-8 Ozone AirQuality Trend.....................................................................................................................................................................4-104-9 Ozone ContourMap - 1992................................................................................................................................................................4-114-10 Ozone ContourMap - 2011................................................................................................................................................................4-114-11 PM2.5Air Quality Trend......................................................................................................................................................................4-124-12 NO2Air QualityTrend.........................................................................................................................................................................4-13List of FiguresFile 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 212/16/2013 10:36:54 AMARB Almanac 2013 – Appendix E: Lists of Figures and Tables for Chapters 1 through 4E-3San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin:4-13 AirBasin Map.......................................................................................................................................................................................4-144-14 Percent Growthin Population and VMT............................................................................................................................................4-154-15 NOxEmission Trends...........................................................................................................................................................................4-164-16 VOCEmission Trends..........................................................................................................................................................................4-164-17 Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends...........................................................................................................................................4-174-18 Diesel PMEmission Trends.................................................................................................................................................................4-184-19 Ammonia EmissionTrends..................................................................................................................................................................4-194-20 Ozone AirQuality Trend.....................................................................................................................................................................4-204-21 PM2.5Air Quality Trend......................................................................................................................................................................4-214-22 NO2Air Quality Trend ..................................................................................................................................................................4-22San Joaquin Valley Air Basin:4-23 AirBasin Map.......................................................................................................................................................................................4-244-24 Percent Growthin Population and VMT............................................................................................................................................4-254-25 NOxEmission Trends...........................................................................................................................................................................4-264-26 VOCEmission Trends..........................................................................................................................................................................4-264-27 Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends...........................................................................................................................................4-274-28 Diesel PMEmission Trends.................................................................................................................................................................4-284-29 Ammonia EmissionTrends..................................................................................................................................................................4-294-30 Ozone AirQuality Trend.....................................................................................................................................................................4-304-31 Ozone ContourMap - 1992................................................................................................................................................................4-314-32 Ozone ContourMap - 2011................................................................................................................................................................4-314-33 PM2.5Air Quality Trend......................................................................................................................................................................4-324-34 NO2Air Quality Trend ..................................................................................................................................................................4-33San Diego Air Basin:4-35 AirBasin Map.......................................................................................................................................................................................4-344-36 Percent Growthin Population and VMT............................................................................................................................................4-354-37 NOxEmission Trends...........................................................................................................................................................................4-364-38 VOCEmission Trends..........................................................................................................................................................................4-364-39 Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends...........................................................................................................................................4-374-40 Diesel PMEmission Trends.................................................................................................................................................................4-384-41 Ammonia EmissionTrends..................................................................................................................................................................4-394-42 Ozone AirQuality Trend.....................................................................................................................................................................4-404-43 PM2.5Air Quality Trend......................................................................................................................................................................4-41List of Figures (continued)File 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 312/16/2013 10:36:55 AMARB Almanac 2013 – Appendix E: Lists of Figures and Tables for Chapters 1 through 4E-44-44 NO2Air QualityTrend.........................................................................................................................................................................4-42Sacramento Metropolitan Area:4-45 AirBasin Map.......................................................................................................................................................................................4-444-46 Percent Growthin Population and VMT............................................................................................................................................4-454-47 NOxEmission Trends...........................................................................................................................................................................4-464-48 VOCEmission Trends..........................................................................................................................................................................4-464-49 Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends...........................................................................................................................................4-474-50 Diesel PMEmission Trends.................................................................................................................................................................4-484-51 Ammonia EmissionTrends..................................................................................................................................................................4-494-52 Ozone AirQuality Trend.....................................................................................................................................................................4-504-53 PM2.5Air Quality Trend......................................................................................................................................................................4-514-54 NO2Air Quality Trend ..................................................................................................................................................................4-52List of Figures (continued)File 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 412/16/2013 10:36:56 AMARB Almanac 2013 – Appendix E: Lists of Figures and Tables for Chapters 1 through 4E-5Chapter 1:Introduction1-1 List of Counties in Each Air Basin......................................................................................................................................................1-151-2 Change in Federal Ozone Standards over time..................................................................................................................................1-181-3 Change in Federal PM2.5Standards over time...................................................................................................................................1-201-4 National Ambient Air Quality Standards ............................................................................................................................................1-23Chapter 2:Current Emissions and Air Quality2-1 NOxSources Statewide ...........................................................................................................................................................................2-32-2 VOC Sources Statewide ..........................................................................................................................................................................2-32-3 Directly Emitted Particulate Matter (PM2.5) .........................................................................................................................................2-42-4 Directly Emitted Particulate Matter (PM10) ..........................................................................................................................................2-42-5 SOxSources Statewide ............................................................................................................................................................................2-52-6 Ammonia Sources Statewide ..................................................................................................................................................................2-52-7 Diesel PM Sources Statewide .................................................................................................................................................................2-62-8 2012 Statewide Emission Inventory by Category .................................................................................................................................2-72-9 2012 Statewide Emission Inventory by Sub-Category........................................................................................................................2-82-10 8-Hour Ozone Design Values and Exceedance Days by Air Basin...................................................................................................2-162-11 National 8-Hour Nonattainment Areas: Design Values and 8-Hour Exceedance Days by Area .......................................................2-162-12 24-Hour and Annual Average Design Values by Air Basin................................................................................................................2-182-13 National PM2.5Nonattainment Areas: 24-Hour Design Values by Area ...........................................................................................2-182-14 8-Hour CO, 1-Hour NO2, and 1-Hour SO2Design Values by Air Basin........................................................................................2-20Chapter 3: Statewide Emission Trends and Forecasts3-1 Statewide EmissionTrends....................................................................................................................................................................3-23-2 Statewide Population and VMT Trends .................................................................................................................................................3-33-3 Statewide NOxEmission Trends............................................................................................................................................................3-43-4 Statewide VOC Emission Trends............................................................................................................................................................3-53-5 Statewide Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends............................................................................................................................3-63-6 Statewide Directly Emitted PM10Emission Trends.............................................................................................................................3-73-7 Statewide Diesel PM Emission Trends.................................................................................................................................................3-83-8 Statewide SOxEmission Trends............................................................................................................................................................3-93-9 Statewide AmmoniaEmission Trends.................................................................................................................................................3-10List of TablesFile 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 512/16/2013 10:36:58 AMARB Almanac 2013 – Appendix E: Lists of Figures and Tables for Chapters 1 through 4E-6Chapter 4:Regional Trends and ForecastSouth Coast Air Basin:4-1 Air Basin Emission Trends ......................................................................................................................................................................4-54-2 Population and VMT Trends ..................................................................................................................................................................4-54-3 NOxEmission Trends.............................................................................................................................................................................4-64-4 VOCEmission Trends............................................................................................................................................................................4-64-5 Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends.............................................................................................................................................4-74-6 Diesel PMEmission Trends...................................................................................................................................................................4-84-7 Ammonia EmissionTrends....................................................................................................................................................................4-94-8 Ozone AirQuality Trends....................................................................................................................................................................4-104-9 PM2.5Air QualityTrends.....................................................................................................................................................................4-124-10 NO2Air QualityTrends.......................................................................................................................................................................4-13San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin:4-11 Air Basin Emission Trends ....................................................................................................................................................................4-154-12 Population and VMT Trends ................................................................................................................................................................4-154-13 NOxEmission Trends...........................................................................................................................................................................4-164-14 VOCEmission Trends..........................................................................................................................................................................4-164-15 Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends...........................................................................................................................................4-174-16 Diesel PMEmission Trends.................................................................................................................................................................4-184-17 Ammonia EmissionTrends..................................................................................................................................................................4-194-18 Ozone AirQuality Trends....................................................................................................................................................................4-204-19 PM2.5Air QualityTrends.....................................................................................................................................................................4-214-20 NO2Air Quality Trends ........................................................................................................................................................................4-22San Joaquin Valley Air Basin:4-21 Air Basin Emission Trends ....................................................................................................................................................................4-254-22 Population and VMT Trends ................................................................................................................................................................4-254-23 NOxEmission Trends...........................................................................................................................................................................4-264-24 VOCEmission Trends..........................................................................................................................................................................4-264-25 Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends...........................................................................................................................................4-274-26 Diesel PMEmission Trends.................................................................................................................................................................4-284-27 Ammonia EmissionTrends..................................................................................................................................................................4-294-28 Ozone AirQuality Trends....................................................................................................................................................................4-304-29 PM2.5Air QualityTrends.....................................................................................................................................................................4-324-30 NO2Air Quality Trends ........................................................................................................................................................................4-33List of Tables (continued)File 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 612/16/2013 10:37:00 AMARB Almanac 2013 – Appendix E: Lists of Figures and Tables for Chapters 1 through 4E-7San Diego Air Basin:4-31 Air Basin Emission Trends ....................................................................................................................................................................4-354-32 Population and VMT Trends ................................................................................................................................................................4-354-33 NOxEmission Trends...........................................................................................................................................................................4-364-34 VOCEmission Trends..........................................................................................................................................................................4-364-35 Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends...........................................................................................................................................4-374-36 Diesel PMEmission Trends.................................................................................................................................................................4-384-37 Ammonia EmissionTrends..................................................................................................................................................................4-394-38 Ozone AirQuality Trends....................................................................................................................................................................4-404-39 PM2.5Air QualityTrends.....................................................................................................................................................................4-414-40 NO2Air QualityTrends.......................................................................................................................................................................4-42Sacramento Metropolitan Area:4-41 Air Basin Emission Trends ....................................................................................................................................................................4-454-42 Population and VMT Trends ................................................................................................................................................................4-454-43 NOxEmission Trends...........................................................................................................................................................................4-464-44 VOCEmission Trends..........................................................................................................................................................................4-464-45 Directly Emitted PM2.5Emission Trends...........................................................................................................................................4-474-46 Diesel PMEmission Trends.................................................................................................................................................................4-484-47 Ammonia EmissionTrends..................................................................................................................................................................4-494-48 Ozone AirQuality Trends....................................................................................................................................................................4-504-49 PM2.5Air QualityTrends.....................................................................................................................................................................4-514-50 NO2Air Quality Trends ........................................................................................................................................................................4-52List of Tables (continued)File 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 712/16/2013 10:37:01 AMARB Almanac 2013 – Appendix E: Lists of Figures and Tables for Chapters 1 through 4E-8(This page intentionally left blank)File 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 812/16/2013 10:37:02 AMARB Almanac 2013 – Appendix E: GlossaryE-9GlossaryAir:So-called “pure” air is a mixture of gases containing about 78 percent nitrogen; 21 percent oxygen; less than one percent of carbondioxide, argon, and other gases; and varying amounts of water vapor.Air Basin:A land area with generally similar meteorological andgeographic conditions throughout. To the extent possible, air basinboundaries are defined along political boundary lines and includeboth the source and receptor areas. California is currently dividedinto 15 air basins.Air District:A political body responsible for managing air quality ona regional or county basis. California is currently divided into 35 airdistricts.Air Monitoring:Sampling for and measuring of pollutants presentin the atmosphere.Air Pollution:Degradation of air quality resulting from unwantedchemicals or other materials occurring in the air.Air Pollution Control District (APCD):An agency with authorityto regulate stationary, indirect, and area sources of air pollution (e.g.,power plants, highway construction, and housing developments)within a given county, and governed by a district air pollution controlboard composed of the elected county supervisors.Air Quality Management District (AQMD):A group of countiesor portions of counties, or an individual county specified in law withauthority to regulate stationary, indirect, and area sources of air pollution within the region and governed by a regional air pollution controlboard comprised mostly of elected officials from within the region.Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP):A plan prepared by anAPCD / AQMD, for a county or region designated as a nonattainment area, for the purpose of bringing the area into compliance withthe requirements of the national and/or California ambient air qualitystandards. AQMPs are incorporated into the State ImplementationPlan (SIP).Air Quality Standard (AQS):The prescribed level of a pollutantin the outside air that should not be exceeded during a specific timeperiod to protect public health. Established by both federal and stategovernments.Air Toxics:A generic term referring to a harmful chemical or group ofchemicals in the air. Substances that are especially harmful to health,such as those considered under U.S. EPA’s hazardous air pollutantprogram or California’s AB 1807 and / or AB 2588 air toxics programs, are considered to be air toxics. Technically, any compound thatis in the air and has the potential to produce adverse health effectsis an air toxic.Ambient Air Quality Standards (California-CAAQS or NationalNAAQS):Health- and welfare-based standards for outdoor air whichidentify the maximum acceptable average concentrations of air pollutants during a specified period of time.Area-wide Sources (also known as “Area Sources”):Stationarysources of pollution (e.g., water heaters, gas furnaces, fireplaces, andwoodstoves) that are typically associated with homes and non-industrial sources. Area-wide sources do not include mobile sources. TheCalifornia Clean Air Act requires air districts to include area-widesources in the development and implementation of their Air QualityMaintenance Plan. Under the federal air toxics program, an area-widesource is defined as any source that emits less than 10 tons per year ofa single hazardous air pollutant (HAP) or 25 tons per year of all HAPs.Attainment Area:A geographical area identified to have air qualityas good as, or better than, the national and/or California ambient airGlossary of Air Quality TermsFile 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 912/16/2013 10:37:03 AMARB Almanac 2013 – Appendix E: GlossaryE-10Glossaryquality standards. An area may be an attainment area for one pollutant and a nonattainment area for others.Criteria Air Pollutant:An air pollutant for which acceptable levelsof exposure can be determined and for which an ambient air qualitystandard has been set. Examples include: ozone, carbon monoxide,nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10, and PM2.5.Climate Change:A change in the temperature of the earth’s troposphere. Climate change has occurred in the past as a result of naturalinfluences, but the term is most often used in reference to the warming predicted by computer models to occur as a result of increasedemissions of greenhouse gases.Design Value (DV):The concentration that is compared to the standard for the purpose of determining attainment status.Emission Inventory:An estimate of the amount of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere from major mobile, stationary, area-wide, andnatural source categories over a specific period of time such as a dayor a year.Emission Standard:The maximum amount of a pollutant that isallowed to be discharged from a polluting source such as an automobile or smoke stack.Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC):See Peak IndicatorExceedance:A measured level of an air pollutant higher than thenational or state ambient air quality standards.Federal Clean Air Act (FCAA):A federal law passed in 1970 andamended in 1974, 1977 and 1990 which forms the basis for thenational air pollution control effort. Basic elements of the act includenational ambient air quality standards for major air pollutants, mobileand stationary control measures, air toxics standards, acid rain controlmeasures, and enforcement provisions.Hydrocarbon:A general term used to describe compounds comprisedof hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons are classified as to howphotochemically reactive they are: relatively reactive or relatively nonreactive.Mean:Average.Mobile Sources:Sources of air pollution such as automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, off-road vehicles, boats, and airplanes (compare withStationary Sources).Nonattainment Area:A geographic area that does not meet either aState or federal standard for a given pollutant. This area usually consists of an air basin or county, but can be any geographic area definedby the U.S. EPA.Nonattainment Transitional:A subcategory of the nonattainmentdesignation category for State standards that signals progress andimplies the area is nearing attainment.Peak Indicator:Using a statistical process, it is a site-specific and pollutant-specific value that represents the concentration expected to beexceeded once per year, on average, based on the distribution of datafor the monitoring site. The calculation procedure uses data collectedat the monitoring site for a three-year period. For example, the 2004peak indicator is calculated using data for the years 2002, 2003, and2004. The site with the highest peak indicator for a region is usedfor the long-term trends in the almanac. It is also referred to as theCalifornia Design Value or the Expected Peak Day Concentration.Precursor Emissions:Emissions which form pollutants in the atmosphere due to the reaction of themselves with each other or with sunlight. Ozone is formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbon and NOxreact in the presence of sunlight. Particulate Matter (PM) is a complexpollutant that can be formed from the reaction of gaseous precursorssuch as NOx, ROG, SOx, and ammonia.File 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 1012/16/2013 10:37:03 AMARB Almanac 2013 – Appendix E: GlossaryE-11GlossaryState Implementation Plan (SIP):A plan prepared by states andsubmitted to U.S. EPA describing how each area will attain and maintain national ambient air quality standards. SIPs include the technicalfoundation for understanding the air quality (e.g., emission inventories and air quality monitoring), control measures and strategies, andmodeling analyses.Stationary Sources:Non-mobile sources such as power plants, refineries, and manufacturing facilities which emit air pollutants (comparewith Mobile Sources).Total Organic Gases (TOG):All gases consisting of substances containing carbon, except carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid,metallic carbides or carbonates, and ammonium carbonate.Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT):The miles traveled by motor vehiclesover a specified length of time (e.g., daily, monthly, or yearly) or overa specified road or transportation corridor.Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC):A group of chemicals that reactin the ambient air with nitrogen oxides in the presence of heat andsunlight to form ozone. Examples of VOCs include gasoline fumes andoil-based paints. This group of chemicals does not include methane orother compounds determined by U.S. EPA to have negligible photochemical reactivity.File 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 1112/16/2013 10:37:04 AMARB Almanac 2013 – Appendix E: Lists of Figures and Tables for Chapters 1 through 4E-12(This page intentionally left blank)File 11 App E Alm2013 p1-12.indd 1212/16/2013 10:37:05 AM