JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

PARTY SCHOOL GRADUATES 16 TEACHING ASSISTANTS
Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 2 Jun 85 p 2

{Text] The Central Party School graduated the first group of 16 teaching
assistants yesterday, within the context of the efforts to create domestic
teaching cadres with competence and profound involvement with the reality of
the country and the Mozambican revolution.

The training of these teaching assistants was planned in terms of various
stages, bringing together political-ideological, scientific and cultural
training and direct contact with the real circumstances in which their future
students are living.

An effort was also made to launch a process, which will later become more
widespread, with a view to providing better integrated and more complete
training of the cadres, such as to inform them about the dimensions of the
reality with which they must deal.

The secretary of the Central Committee of the party, Jose Luis Cabaco, set
forth important considerations on these points during his speech yesterday
morning at the ceremony concluding the course. The accompanying photograph
shows Jose Luis Cabaco presenting the graduates with their diplomas.

Course for Administrators

The director of the Agrarian Training Center, Rui Ribeiro Nazare, spoke
yesterday at the ceremony concluding the second agrarian training course for
administrators, which has been offered over the past 90 days at that center
sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture. During the ceremony, certificates
of participation were presented to the administrators, and the speaker
emphasized the importance of agriculture in the battle which is being waged to
eliminate hunger.

The second agrarian training course began on 1 April of this year, with 16
district administrators from various provinces in our country participating.
It was concluded on 31 May with positive results, according to Rui Ribeiro
Nazare, director of the Agrarian Training Center, which operates in the
National Agronomical Research Institute in Maputo.

56



JPRS~SSA-85-066
26 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

GRADUATES JOIN HEALTH MINISTRY--Eighteen of 21 pharmacy technicians who gradu-
ated from an intensive, two-year training course at Harare Polytechnic on
Friday are to join the Ministry of Health, Speaking at the graduation cere-
mony, the Minister of Health, Dr Sydney Sekeramayi said: “Although the Univer-
sity of Zimbabwe dscoperating at its fullest capacity to produce pharmacy
graduates, the Ministry of Health is still shortstaffed in this vital group

of health personnel. "We hope that the workload of pharmacists in Government
heatth institutions will be made much lighter, especially where the pharmacist
has to carry out administrative duties as well. [Text] [Harare THE SUNDAY
MAIL in English 23 Jun 85 p 5]

cso: 3400/576 END

120



Aware of the tremendous upheaval Kalait has undergone, Ennedi's Sub-Prefect
Nokouri is emphatic about the need for buttressing the public structures. The
school, with 100 or so pupils, does not open many horizons for the children.
The curtailed school year and the shortage of teachers has something to do
with that. Health care for city residents is dependent entirely on the
military dispensary, which is already overworked at its proper tasks. Local
authorities cite as their most urgent priority a health care system adequate
to the relentless growth of the population. The second leaf in the local
roster of complaints has to do with the peculiar situation of the aborigines
in Kalait. Disaster victims twice over, the BET peoples in Kalait can only
sit and wait for the government to do something for them. With their cattle
dead in the drought or killed by enemy troops, driven from their homes, these
people inevitably fall into lethargy and anomie that are terribly destructive,
particularly since this desert region offers no chance of employment. Their
only diversion is in slow southward trips on camelback.

While its abundant water and food assistance from the government make Kalait a
lucky town, it is the presence of the garrison that makes it the region's top
reception center. There is no doubt but that the establishment of permanent.
barracks in a given place encourages the growth of little ancillary
activities. That is how Kalait has come to be one of the most cosmopolitan
trade centers in the region. More than a dozen shops offer wares that attract
a heterogeneous clientele. Some of them are full-scale markets offering
everything from soap to dates by way of yard goods. Others, though, tend to
specialize. One such is Mahdi's, which is certainly the prettiest shop in
town. He learned, in the course of his many moves, that an attractive display
will bring in customers. Business, he admits confidently, is "not bad at
all." The shops surround a little square where the traditional weekly market
is held. On week-days, little stalls purvey cigarettes, sugar, tea, dates,
rice, and spices to the citizens of Kalait. You can find anything you really
need there, from cream to "baki" [hashish] to local salt. The expansion of the
market reflects Kalait's growth from yesterday's status as a small village.
Today, it has advanced to the point where it has not merely a humble past, but
a promising future. The soldiers who come here from all of Chad's regions,
too, are helping to make Kalait a solid metropolis. The sound of the Sai in
the middle of the night echoing Hadjarai songs increasingly mirror the melting
pot this zone has become. After all, isn't cosmopolitanism what makes a city?

6182
CSO: 3419/432

22



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, ‘the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



cso:

3400/578

To the continual anno-
yance of foreign corre-
spondents, _ opposition

party leaders here usu-
ally time their major an-
nouncements for Satur-
day mornings, in the
hope of gaining at least a
little local publicity in
the Sunday Mail’s col-
umns. Sometimes they
have been diseppointed.

In a very bold gesture
indeed, the Sunday
Mail’s cartoonist last
month caricatured the
permanent secretary in
the Ministry of Informa-
tion, Posts and Telecom-
munications, Mr Justin
Nyoka, who as well as
being a highly influ-
ential civil servant is a
top ranking official of
Zanu(PF) in Midlands
province.

__Mr Nyoka, who had

been embroiled in con-
troversy with the Zim-
babwe Promotion Coug-
cil over the treatment of
the foreign press, was
depicted as a clown bal-
ancing on a tightrope
and juggling with an ar-
ray of “Clangers waiting

to be dropped”.
Until only a few
months ago, lampooning

such a prominent figure
would have been taken
as a direct challenge to
the prestige of Zanu(PF)
and Mr Mugabe’s rule.

116

In the past, a trivial re-
porting error in one
newspaper has been fol-
lowed by the entire
gamut of government-
controlled news media

being ordered, appar-
ently, to publicise a cor- ~
rection.

The contrasting si-
lence with which the
Sunday Mail's provoca-
tive cartoon was greeted
must rank among the
many current causes for
hope that Zimbabwe is
advancing into a more
tolerant era.

Any relaxation in past
paranoia about the men-
ace of a hostile press is
certain to be welcomed
by foreign observers of
the elections, along with
greater openness toward
visiting correspondents
and the 30-strong inter-
national press corps
based in Harare.

Yet with many of Zim-
babwe’s 2,9 million
black voters illiterate
and living in rural areas
where radio batteries
are usually unobtaina-
ble, the practical truth is
probably that news-
papers and broadcasting
play a far less significant
role in forming opinions
than that time-honoured
network, the African
bush telegraph.



The misgivings amount to the fact that the pressure group for disinvestment
failed to convince many people that its action will improve the situation in
South Africa, and more specifically the conditions of Blacks.

A question that is somewhat universally asked is whether [disinvestment] will
in fact adversely affect the White government or whether it will not merely
thwart reform. With the economy already in a recession, it is feared that this
could swing voters to the Right, with possible defections to the far-Rightist
parties--which is viewed by everyone as being disastrous for the future of the
country.

Recipe for Catastrophe

A Swiss newspaper referred to this very same danger. It wrote that the coun-
try's poor economic situation is the basis of the unrest and that "further
economic hardship is the surest recipe for catastrophe." In its view, the
only immediate remedy is an economic upswing through trade and investment.

The possibility that disinvestment could lead to a catastrophe or total chaos
in South Africa ought to engage the attention of the Americans. They should
ask themselves: assuming this happens, what will be the consequences for the
people whom we ostensibly want to help, but, in particular, what will this
mean for America itself?

Dismal memories of American involvement in Vietnam are indeed still fresh, and
they make Americans shy to again get involved in the affairs of others. It is
not that they really care about the mess that was made in Vietnam, but they
think about what it did to America itself, about the great and bitter divisive-
ness that it caused.

Ever More Deeply

Those wishing to teach South Africa a moral lesson and others wishing to dis-
tance themselves from South Africa through disinvestment could possibly suc-
ceed in their objective so well that the entire subcontinent is plunged into
catastrophe. Then America will not be able to wash its hands of the affair.
Then it will be expected to become ever more deeply involved in the mess. And
should it turn its back and walk away, other powers would be called in.

There is an additional factor that makes the South African situation entirely
different from that in Vietnam or Central America or the Middle East, and this
is the lethal question of color. In America this element stands ready to ani-
mate lingering bitterness and to start old wounds bleeding again.

65



and the creation of a
“total urban environ-{
ment” that includes job;
opportunities;

@ A loan of R216 000
‘for the planning of co-or- |
dinated development
strategies for the towns
of Sada, Whittlesea,
Alice, Keiskammahoek
and Peddie;

@ Loans of R247 500
and R148500 for pre-
liminary planning for
the improvement and re- -
surfacing of 20 km of’
gravel road between the !
Dimbaza_ turn-off and
Keiskammahoek and 12
km of gravel road from '
the Yellowoods River to +
Berlin; ‘

@ A loan option of'
R74700 and a grant op-
tion of R50 000 for a de-
mographic information
study to estimate popu-
lation and other aspects
such as age, sex and oc-
cupational distribution
in Ciskei.

The Development
Bank also agreed to pro-
vide a guarantee for R20
million to provide a fi-
nancial base for the Cis-
kei Building Society.
The society will issue
debentures on the local
capital market with a
guarantee from the Cis-

ei government and
back-up guarantee from
the bank.

Loans approved for
Transkei projects were:

cso: 3400/575

@ R8,093 million for a.
particle board factory at
Langeni near Umtata
which will create direct
job opportunities for 220
with a further 100 jobs in
the forest plantations,
Total project cost is
28,293 million;

@ R4,140 million for
expansion of the Lang.
eni sawmill at a total

“cost of R134 million to
create 600 direct and 900

indirect job opportu-
nities;

@ R4820 million for
upgrading urban infra-
structure at Ilinge, in-
cluding adequate sew-
age disposal, potable
water for every house-
hold, and promotion of
self-help housing. Total
cost: R6,371 million;

@ R1,7 million for the
provision of general fa- |
cilities at 25 towns in’
Transkei. The first
phase involves the pro-

: vision of adequate water ~

and its purification at:
Idutywa, Negeleni, Eng-
cobo, Naqamakwe, Wil-
lowvale, Maanduii, Li-
bode and Qumbu;

@ R22 million to ex-
tend the sewage disposal
works at Umtata to im-

rove the town’s viabil-:
ty as an industrial de-+
velopment point;

@ R74 million for
building a hall, lecture
rooms and offices at the
University of Transkei;

@ 3,7 million for’ a° ‘tion of R208 000 for a ru-

new road bridge over the
Tsitsa River; R6,4 mil-
lion for the re-construc-
tion of 8,5 km of the nat-
jonal road through
Brooke's Nek Pass on
the Transkei/Natal bor-
der. Total cost of these
two projects is R11,18
million;

@ Two loans totalling
R3,3 million for the im-
provement of Transkei’s
national electricity grid.
Total cost of the two
phases of the project is
14,836 million;

@ R13,5 million for
the Sterkspruit rural
water supply scheme.
Reservoirs and pipe-
lines will © distribute
purified water from
main purification works
to 35 rural communities,
two villages and two hos-
pitals in the Herschel
district. i

Amounts allocated to.

Transkei projects ap-
proved under the bank's
technical assistance pro-
gramme were:

@ A grant of R500 000
for the establishment of
‘the Local Initiative
Fund of Transkei (Lift).
Total cost of the first
phase of the project is
R950 000. The fund will
foster small, self-help

village projects using-

: appropriate technology;

76

@ A loan option of
‘R312 000 and a grant op-

|
4

ral water programme
which aims at the self-
help establishment of 60
small rural water supply
systems;

@ A loan option of
R117 000 and a grant op-
tion of R130 000 for the

reparation of a nat-
jonal urbanisation stra-

 tegy for Transkei.

In addition to the pro- |
jects in Ciskei and
Transkei, the Develop-
ment Bank is also in-
volved in projects which
entail co-operation
across the borders of
South Africa and nat-
ional states.

The bank says it is ap-

raising a loan applica-
‘ion for the Lower Fish
River irrigation project
which would provide
1800 ha of irrigable area
in South Africa and 2 100
in Ciskei.

The report says that
further development of a
pilot irrigation project
at Tyefu in Ciskei was re-
stricted by the quality
and quantity of water
available from the Fish
River. “The release of
-water from the Hendrik
Verwoerd Dam into the
Fish River, which can
overcome these restric-
tions, has been approved
in principle by the South
African government for
future development of
the scheme.”



DIAMOND INDUSTRY HIT BY WAR

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 6 Jun 85 p 6

[Article by Michael Rank]

[Text]
‘ANGOLA’ once booming dia.
mond industry is in deep trouble

due to civil war, intensive smuggl-
ing and a disastrous fall in world

‘prices, industry chief Manuel ’:.

.Pereira da Gama said.

Da Gama, president of the state-
controlled company Diamang, said
output had fallen annually between
1980 and last year and that dollar
earnings had plummeted even moré.
dramatically,

: Apart from an enormous racket -
in contraband genis from the
remote north eastern diamond
\fields, the industry was also suffer-
sing seriously from attacks by right-
i wing Unita (National Union for the
‘Total Independence of Angola)
rebels fighting to overthrow the .
Luanda government.

Da Gama said losses fromm smug-
gling ran to between three and four
million dollars a month, and that
many gems were slipped across the
nearby Zairean border, while
others were flown to Lisbon, Ant-
-werp, Madrid and other centres,

The destruction of a mine at
Kafurtfo had especially serious con-
sequences, for although it produces

fairly few gems, they were 0; °
ticularly high quality, he cated.
The company hopes to reopen the

mine early next year.
“ ‘Because of rebel aitacks, blown,

CSO: 3400/589

4 w bridges and poor roads, |
lal

nang is forced to airlift fuel
and machinery from Luanda to the |
mirnes:1,600 km (1,000 miles) away
at enormous cost,

Diamang’s single US - built Her-
cules transport aircraft carries
18,000 litres of fuel per trip, flying
to Lunda Norte province four
times daily, Gama said.

Earnings from diamonds fell by
75 per cent between 1980 ond last
year, from 235.9 million avllars to
58 million dollars, partly as a result
of a steep decline in the price of
Angolan gems from 158 dollars to
only 64.24 dollars per carat, he
added, a -

But equally worrying was a
steady drop in production, from
1.485 million carats to 902,431 '
carats over the same period, da
Gama said. . th

In 1973, before the civil war hit
Lunda Norte, output two:
million carats yearly, he said. Da
Gama said the quality stones con-
stituted 85 per cent of total

Angolan output, an wmustally high

proportion by world standards,

12

ing at the figures,” he added.

JPRS~SSA-85~066
26 July 1985

ANGOLA

Diamang was planning to tacklé
the problem of falling production
by opening its fields up to new
companies rather than leaving

technical operations to just .one
Sirm, the London-based Mining.

and Technical Services Ltd.
(MATS), which employs about 60
expatriates in Lunda Norte, he

Da Gamé said he was not happy
with Mat’s performance, and tha
it its present contract expired at the
‘end of this year. “You can draw
your own conclusions from look.

“The introduction of several
new companies would provide
much-needed competition,” he
said.

“Considering the situation here,
there has been no lack of proposals.
JSrom interested parties with good
technological and economic pro-,

- posals’’, da Gama said, -

But Mats officials said few other
Sirms had the technical expertise or
experience or would be tempted to
operate in such a remote, war-hit:

- area,

Da Gama confirmed that
Diamang, which is 77.2] per cent
owned by the Angolan Govern-.
ment, is operating at a loss. But he
declined to give figtiré. .



Of all our black districts, only Bophuthatswana actually reaches the threshold
value, with the help of private investments, and is now developing as desired.
Venda may be next.

It would be economically desirable to concentrate the development aid much
more intensively and to make sure that the receiver of this aid can indeed
cross the threshold and increase its own development momentum. The black
states themselves will oppose such a "preferred-status" list, but one cannot
deny the white taxpayer, who has to shoulder the burden of financial aid, his
say in the matter.

One of the possibilities is to finance the development not out of the national
treasury, but from a wage-tax imposed on employers who hire Blacks outside of
the homelands.

In order to be effective, such a levy would have to consist of a substantial
percentage of the worker's wages. The money could then be received and put to
profitable use by the development corporation of the homelands where the work-
ers are citizens. The larger homelands in particular can thus get off the
ground economically, while the inflationary effect of it will be limited be-
cause the employer will make much more effective use of his more expensive
black manpower.

Sixteen years ago, SABRA [South African Bureau of Racial Affairs] was contem-
plating just such a wage-tax, but Mr John Vorster's liberal economic advisor,
Dr Piet Riekert, rejected it.

8117
CSO: 3401/232

71



RAWLINGS CONDEMNS RSA RAID INTO BOTSWANA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 19 Jun 85 pp 1, 5

[Text]

GHANA has condemn-
ed the unprovoked, |
premeditated and bru- Pa.
tal raid carried out by _ The message renewed
racist South African Bhana’s pledge to join
sommandos in the ca- Botswana in her resolve to
ital of Botswana, Ga- free the African Continent
forone, last Friday in from all forms of racism
nd imperialist domina-
n.
injured. It also pledged Ghana's
‘A message of condo- Bepport for any action the
lence sent by the Chair. Government of Botswana
man of the PNDC, Fit-Lt ay take to get the inter-

which 12 people died
and many others were

J. J. Rawlings, to Presi- $&lional community to
dent Quett Masire said opt measures which will
Ghana shared the sorrow B'vent a repetition of

and pain caused to the #' barbarous acts of ag-

people of Botswana and [Pession not only against

Eonveyed her heartfelt Pt country but all other

condolences to the be- Prontline States.

roaved farnilies, = The Government and
Chairman. Rawlings ope of China have also

said “I have learnt with Bpressed great indigna-

profound sorrow, dismay-

and anger and so have

the people and Govern-

ment of Ghana — of yet

another attempt by. ra-

cist South Africa to de-

‘State,
the victim this time being
your country, Botswa-

cso: 3400/570

29

tion and strong condem-
nation against the raid by
South African troops on,
Gaborone, the capital of
Botswana on June 14.

In the attack, twelve
people were killed and
many more were wounded.
A lot of houses and motor
vehicles were also destroy-

Describing the incident
as a brazen encroachment.
upon the sovereignty and
territory of an independent
state by the South African’
a spokesman of,
inistry of Foreign
of the People’s Re-
public of China affirmed,
the support of the Govern-
ment and people of China
ican countries ini

JPRS~SSA~85-066
26 July 1985

GHANA



SEED TRADE WITH RSA, SOUTHERN STATES TO COMMENCE
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 20 Jun 85 p 1
[Article by Dennis Kapata]

[Text]! ROP is to send 28,000 tonnes of sunflower seeds to Zim-

babwe and Mozambique and 5,000 tonnes of cotton seeds
to South Africa for crushing and in turn get crude oil
from there for refining in Zambia.

The seeds to be sent outside for processing
are the excess of what ROP can handle as a
result of massive production by farmers and
maintenance problems at the Lusaka ROP
plant. :

The decision to send the seeds to the three countries
was announced in Lusaka yesterday by Indeco deputy
managing director and ROP general manager Mrs Namu:
Kolo Silangwa'and Mr Daniel Mhangor respevtivelyidar
a tour of ROP works by. senior members of the news media.

Mr Mhango’ said 18,000 tonnes of sunflower seeds
would be sent to Zimbabwe towards the end of this year
while 10,000 tonnes would gofto Mozambique next month.

Negotiations were going .
on for 5,000 tonnes of
cotton seeds to be des-
patched to South Africa.

Under the arrangement
no foreign exchange would
be involved because ROP
would pay in Kwacha for
transportation up to Vic-
toria Falls with Zimba-
bwean and South African
companies bringing back to
Victoria Falls, crude oil: for
refining in Zambia by
ROP. .

Mr Mhango told news-
men that Zimbabwe and
South ‘African companies
would - sell. within their
countries by-products of
sunflower and cotton seeds
which were, cake and husks
as payment while surpluses
would be passed on to ROP.

Deficits from the deals
would be surcharged to
ROP and these were
expected to be minimal.

100

JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA



JOINT YUGOSLAVIAN COMMUNIQUE ISSUED

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 7 Jun 85 p 6

[Text]

THE following is a joint communi-:
que on the state visit of the President
of the Republic of Kenya, His Ex-
‘cellency; ‘Hon. Daniel arap Moi to
the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia:,

AT the invitation of the presidency
of the Federal Socialist Republic of
Yugoslavia, the President of the.
Republic of Kenya, ‘His Excellency
Hon. Danie! arap Moi paid a state
visit to-the Central Republic of
Yugoslavia from June 2+to 5, 1985.
During his visit, President Moi car-
Tied out a busy programme of ac-
tivities which included laying a
wreath on the grave of late President
Josip Broz Tito.. « *

President Moi held.talks with his
host President Radovan Vlajkovic,
the president of the executive coun-
cil, Her Excellency Mrs. Milka
Planioc and the Chairman of Federat
‘Espera conference of the Socialist
Alliance of the Working People of
“Yugoslavia, Dr. Aleksandar
‘Grickov and the President of the
:Republic of Lovenia, Mr. France
Popit..
© President Moi visited farms, in-
‘dustrial enterprises, cultural and
historical landmarks. President Moi
was-awarded the gold memorial pla-
que of the city of Belgrade by the
delegation of the assembly of the ci-
ty of Belgrade-as a tribute to his con-
tribution to the cause of world peace
and to the promotion and
strengthening of the relations bet-
ween the.two countries.

_ President -Vilajkovic: awarded
President Moi fhe highest Yugoslav
order while President Moi awarded
him the highest Kenya order. The
two presidents held a wide ranging
“exchange of views._on bilateral as well
as current international issues in-
cluding the present and future ac-
tivities of the non-aligned movement.

The two presidents reviewed the

past successful development of rela-
tions and co-operation between the
two countries. It was noted that this
co-operation symbolised the
necessary linkage of the economies
of developing countries and that a
long and successful .road ‘of: co-
operation was traverséd. .

In the talks they noted and ap-
Proved the work and the result of the
Sth session of the joint Yugoslav-
Kenya, committee for Economic and
Technical Co-operation which was
held in Belgrade in May, this year.
Both sides expresséd their wish and
readiness to intensify effort towards
the expansion of bilateral co-
operation in the economic and other
fields of common interest.

The two presidents discussed the
current international situation which
they noted was characterised by com-
plication of political and economic
relations conflict and crisis in various
Parts of the world. They reaffirmed
their conviction that the practice of

“recourse to use of force, interference,
pressure, military intervention par-
-ticularly with respect to small and
non-aligned countries posed a serious
threat to’'world peace and security.
~In the talks the two presidents call-
ed on the international community
to take measures to reviving the pro-
scess.of. detente and preventing fur-
ther deterioration’ df political
economic relations in the world:
They emphasised the importance
they attach-to the work of the United
‘Nations, the Non-Aligned ‘Mové-
ment, the Organisation of African
Unity. and other international
organisations dedicated to the resolu-
‘tion of international conflict. .--.;

The two sides expressed their deep

concern of the widening gap in
wealth between .the industrially
loped and developing countries.

ey underlined the need for the in--
ternational community particularly

36

JPRS~SSA~85-066
26 July 1985

KENYA



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

Tijaniyah Influence
Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 25 May - 8 Jun 85 p 7
[Article by S.L.N.]

[Text] The popular style expressed by the Chadli Benjedid visit seems to be
the result of a long preparation in which the religious factor was essential.

In fact numerous contacts have taken place since last year, allowing the
authorities of the two countries to prepare the way for this triumphal visit.
Thus, the visit made to Algeria last year by dignitaries of the brotherhood
will be recalled, a visit followed by one made to Senegal this year by Sidy
Ali Tidiani, calif general of the Tijanis. These different contacts between
Senegalese and Algerian authorites, as well as the devotion and care which
president Benjedid has displayed with regard to the brotherhood (the Tijaniyah
began in Algeria), gave him a favorable image with these religious leaders.

Thus, the popular success of the visit is not so much a result of a simple
political mobilization as it is the consequence of an appeal which the
Tijaniyah religious chiefs put out to their "talibes" [followers]. However,
it did provide an opportunity for good publicity for the state, which in this
period of social crisis, with its many strikes, certainly needed such a
mobilization.

The government obtained its success, president Benjedid succeeded in his
operation, thanks in part to the Tijaniyah authorities, and everyone could
express his joy. Everyone, excepting perhaps Morocco, which lost ground
politically and even religiously, (Moroccans and Algerians are divided by
rivalries over the brotherhood.) This happened despite the 500 millions
recently donated for construction of the mosque at Tivaouane, which for them
could constitute a means for gaining a foothold in the Tijaniyah terrain in
Senegal.

9772
CSO: 3419/435

61



CDRS CALL FOR CADRE SCHOOL TO 'CONSCIENTISE' THE PEOPLE

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 20 Jun 85 p 1

[Text]

cso

COMMITTEES for the Defence. of the Re-
volution (CDRs) within Sukula, an Accra

suburb, have called on the government to’

set up a permanent cadre school to cons-
cientise more Ghanaians in view of the low
Jevel of political awareness of the people.

‘This will not only enhance the revolutionary
process but also help to defend its gains.

These suggestions were contained in a state-
ment issued by the Sukula CDRs after a vigil
neld at Sukula on Tue ight to comme-
morate the June 19, 1983 dissident attack
during which the then PDC chairman, Mr Afari

3400/573

Kutah, died in a confrontation with some of the
dissidents. ' .

The CDRs also called on the government to
continue with the training of militiamen and
“the arming of committed and dedicated mili-
tiamen to strengthen security at the country’s
borders.

The statement said exactly two years ago on
June 19, 1983, dissidents took arms against the
PNDC Government in an attempt to’
overthrow it, On that day some members of the
Sukula CDRs including the tate Afari Kutah
had a serious confrontation with the dissidents
who were thén taking refuge.

‘The statement saluted the Sukula CDRs, the’
CDR Secretariat and the PNDC Government:
for the great help given to the surviving victims
and congratulated the GDR Embassy and the
GDR Solidarity Committee which. were ins-
trumental in sending one of the victims to the
GDK for treatment.

It said: “We have chosen this revolutionary
to change our dear country into a
and as such everyone involved in the
ion has been given the mantle to steer
the process” and urged CDRs, cadres and

especially members of the
PNDC not to drop their’
guard: but to: hold on
until the needed change.
has been effected.

The statement further
called on all to be alert and.
work truthfully and dedi
catedly in order not to give
the enemies a chance to
disorganise the revolution. ,

The vigil was preceded
by the pouring of libation
at_the spot where the
CDRs and dissidents were
engaged in combat. Other
activities included revolu-
tionary talks by cadres.

32

JPRS~SSA~85-066
26 July 1985



JPRS-SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

IMPLICATIONS OF DISINVESTMENT FOR U.S. DISCUSSED
Johannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans 29 May 85 p 12
[Article by Dawie: "Where Are They Heading With SA"]

[Text] After the frenzied pace with which the disinvestment campaign against
South Africa started out, it now appears as if a period of reflection has set
in.

There are still many who continue to make a fuss, but in other circles people
are saying, whoa, where are we heading? What do we.want to achieve with dis-
investment, and if we succeed, what should happen then? If it turns into a
mess, who is going to clear it up? And how?

Uncertain

These questions are being heard in America, where propaganda in favor of dis-
investment has run like wildfire, and it is spreading in the media of England
and Europe. It is like feet that are beginning to slam on the brakes every-
where.

Besides the successes achieved by disinvestors in certain American cities and
states and on a number of college campuses, attention has been focused on
Congress in particular. This body is determined to do "something," but it
appears as if it is increasingly uncertain about what this should be and
whether it can be of any use.

Like War

The campaign against South Africa gained this new dimension when the disinvest-
ors were put under pressure and it became clear that they do not know exactly
what it is that they hope to achieve. The fear even arose that the conse-
quences are entirely unpredictable.

In England, THE ECONOMIST found it to be scarcely justifiable for a rich country
to consciously attempt to lower the standard of living of another (largely poor)
country. It is almost like declaring war, but in that case the aggressor must
have a good reason and must have a plan that will lead to a quick victory, the
Magazine says.

64



3400/582

STOPGAP *-

Mrs Silangwa and Mr
Mhango ‘stressed that the
arrangement was a stop-
gap measure aimed . at
getting rid of excess stocks
of sunflower and cotton
seeds, farmers had . pro-
duced over the years and
make way for new harvests
which were expected to be
massive this marketing
season.

The ‘Lusaka plant was
being ‘rehabilitated to
expand capacity to meet
farmers’ increased produc-
tion. The rehabilitation
exercise was expected to be
completed before the end
of the year. :

Speaking after the tour
conducted by ROP works
manager Mr Archie
Mbewe Mrs. Silangwa
commended farmers’ res-
Ponse to grow more oil
seeds and said it was a
challenge to ROP which two
years ago stipulated that it
might have to import oil
seeds for using in its
expanded plant.

“The situation has
changed so fast. A need to
expand processing facilities
has already arisen and we
are already addressing our-
selves to it,” she said.

Mrs Silangwa stressed the
need to offer farmers prices
that would induce them to
go into production of oil
seeds in line with the Party
and its Government policy

101

“The current situation
when We find ourselves with
jots and lots of locally
grown soya beans, sun-
flower and cotton” seeds.
therefore gives us an op-
portunity to move towards
becoming self-reliant. in
cooking oil and  stock-

feeds.””

FAR SHORT

But Mrs Silangwa point=
ed out that the oil seeds
available for crushing could
only provide 20,000 metric

. tonnes of cooking oil which

fell far short of. the estab-:
lished annual demand for
cooking oil of. more than
40,000 tonnes.

“We still have a long way
to “go to become self-
sufficient. The shortest
route is that of giving
greater financial incentives
to farmers and all those
involved in providing exten-
sion services, collecting and
storing the farm produce
and the processors of these
seeds,” she added.

Mr Mbewe expressed
disappointment at the reluc-
tance by Zambian farmers
to utilise husks from cotton
seeds which ROP was offer-
ing freely. .

The husks could be used
for making stockfeed when
mixed with other ingredi-
ents. In other countries
husks were sold, he said.



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

KENYA

HIGHLIGHTS OF 1985 BUDGET OUTLINED
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 14 Jun 85 pp 1, 4

[Excerpt] With most of the essential commodities not affected, this year's
budget was yesterday described by a majority of politicians as a “mwananchi's
budget."

Those to be affected are smokers and drinkers who will once again dig deeper
into their pockets while those who can afford the luxury of watching video
films will for the first time pay a tax.

And from last midnight the price of some popular brands of cigarettes was
raised in line with domestic inflation and also to contribute to the ex-
chequer.

Nyota went up by 50 cents per packet. Sportsman by shs. 1 per packet, Embassy
by shs. 1/50 per packet and the high class brands of Rex, and State Express
by shs. 2/50.

With regard to beer the price went up by 25 cents per half-litre bottle with
pro-rata increased in other sizes.

The following are the budget proposals at a glance:
A. Customs tariff:

--Duty on raw materials, intermediat inputs and capital goods reduced by an
average of 12 per cent of existing rate.

—Duty on locally assembled passenger cars reduced from 35 per cent to 25 per
cent.

Excise tariff: This will increase the retail prices of some popular brands
of cigarettes as follows: State Express from shs. 15 to shs. 17.50; Rex from
shs. 13.50 to Shs. 15; Embassy from shs. 10 to shs. 11.50; Sportsman from shs.
8 to shs. 9; Crown Bird from shs. 6.50 to shs. 7; Nyota from shs. 5 to shs.
5,50; Ten Cent remains shs. 3.50.

Sales tax: (a) Rate on various types of wines reduced from 75 per cent to
35 per cent.

42



"ZT am not someone who goes looking for work and dispenses trickles of
money here and there and tinkers with things. I firmly believe that the
church offers the opportunity and channels in and through which great
things can be achieved. Our efforts and time are spent in the church,
and there is nothing left over to devote to outside matters."

‘Great Task'

"] am called to the Dutch Reformed Church, and that is my great task.
We must not go and build on the other side of the mountain, but here.
As far as the other members of the Dutch Reformed Church family are
concerned, they have churches they are proud of. We help them in
various areas, but mostly we work on the local level. Other church
committees are responsible for providing nationwide help."

On the question of whether the role of the church has changed since the
time when he played a leading part in supporting specific policy goals

of the government and even in putting laws such as the Mixed Marriages

Act and Article 16 of. the Immorality Act on the statute pook, Rev Potgieter
said that separate development was state policy, and since the government
is now busy with a new dispensation, it must be allowed time to develop it.

In All Fairness

“Where the country is today must in all fairness be seen as the fruit of
a policy that has been followed in this country because of the unique
problems with which the country struggles. Today South Africa is
economically and in other respects one of the strong countries of Africa.
How did that come about?"

The country has now embarked on a new phase with a new dispensation. The
church is struggling with the question of whether it is wrong for it to
consist of four churches.

"The church isn't there to start the process of equalization. There is
the principle of unity, but also the principle of diversity. It is
obvious that the differences among people in the shape of different
languages, cultures and backgrounds, which are part of the rich diversity
of creation, cannot be talked away or eliminated."

"Tf we try to force the church into one structure, it will definitely
result in the founding of a new church again."

Living Out the Creed
Regarding the role the church can play in promoting peace in the country,
Rev Potgieter said that the church can go no further than to say that

it must practice what it preaches and have its members do so in their
everyday lives as well.

84



" tails as gleaned from the verbatim account broadcast ”

this week by Radio Luanda.

Captain du Toit, wounded during a clash which saw *
two colleagues in a nine-man commando group killed :

at Cabinda in far northern Angola on May 21, provid-

ed the background to his training in the militari-
ly sensitive reconnaissance battalions, secret troop
dispositions in South Africa, and details of his mission
and capture.

Normally this is not made known in South Africa

because of the stringent provisions of the Defence -

Act, but The Sunday Star has obtained permission to
publish although the Government maintains that it

regards Capt Du Toit’s account as manufactured An-

golan propaganda.

Capt Du Toit, a 27-year-old soldier who is mar- ,

ried and the father of a son, Petrus (3), hails from
Dwarskersbos near Velddrif in the Western Cape. His
brother, Johan, was also a member of the special
forces and died in the operational area in 1978.

Capt Du Toit joined the SADF after matriculating.
He told the Press conference he had eight years’ mili-
tary experience during which time he completed a
degree at the Military Academy, Saldanha Bay.

He told the Press conference he was a member of

the “special forces of South Africa” which had a head- °

quarters in Pretoria. The ist Reconnaissance Battal-
ion ment was based in Durban, the 2nd in Pretoria,
the 4th in Langebaan and the 5th in Phalaborwa. He

did not mention a 3rd.

Capt Du Toit provided full
details on his previous opera-
tions. These included the de-

struction of a railway bridge ,

{

near Mocamedes to cut off |

Swapo’s logistic lines. For this
venture he was taken by ship
to the coast of Angola and the

commandos then went up the-

Giraul River by motorboat to :

place their charges.

He was also involved in a
Maputo raid. His party was
taken from Durban by ship and

went ashore by motorboat to °

place charges in the ANC head-
quarters.

The destruction of the
American Gulf Oil installation
at Cabinda, he said, was his
fifth special operation. The mo-
tivation was that it would be a
real economic loss to Angola
which would’ persuade her not
to provide a haven for. terror-
ists. .

ruling MPLA's Department of
Information, told the confer-
ence that if the raid had been
successful it would have cost
R400 million to repair, R60 mil-
lion down the drain in Jost oil,
and R500 million for lost pro-

i
Pinto Joao, director of the

“duction during the time it took

. to repair the installation.

| In January, said Capt Du
Toit, his unit started training at

Saldanha Bay for the mission. °

. This included training with ex-

* plosives and in radio communi-
cations. They also studied tac-
tics, practised weapon- hand-
ling and bush-fighting.

The weapons captured with
‘him, which were shown at the
conference, included a British
rifle and a Russian Makarov
pistol. The tactic of disguising
the group's origins was further
evidenced, said Pinto Joao, by
the capture with the group of
overalls identical to those worn
by Gulf Oil workers.

Said Capt Du Toit: “I trained
a team, a well-organised ma-
chine, which could operate
quickly and effectively.”

On the night of May 13/14
the team left Saldanha in the
fast strike craft SAS Jim
Fouche. He told the conference
it carried two 76 mm rapid-fir-
ing guns and up to six Scorpion
surface-to-surface missiles.

They kept about 100 nautical
miles off-shore and arrived in
the target area on the night of

May 18/19. The strike craft
stood in to shore to observe oil
rigs and installations, but

- moved’ off again as daylight

came. :

On the night of May 20/21
she moved in to 30 miles off the
coast and the team took to Zo-

: diac inflatables. They cruised

up the coast and identified

. what Capt Du Toit termed an

“outstanding point”. If there
were trouble an “emergency,
pack” would be left there and
they would regroup at the spot.

The team went ashore, skirt-
ed the town of Malembo and
found what he termed their
daytime “lay-up” position.
When it got dark they planned
to move towards the oil “tank--
farm”, enter through the outer
perimeter and break up into
three teams. One team would
guard the exit point and the
two other teams would attach
explosives to the six tanks.
Each of the teams carried
three mines.

“Inside the tank-farm both
groups would then move to the
southern side of the enclosure,
where they would start plant-
ing their mines, about 15m
above ground level and 15m

* apart on each tank.”

Two mines were to be placed

“on each tank, and fire-hose

water points were also to be
mined. He.did not say when or
how the mines were to be de-
tonated.

“Unfortunately, everything
did not go according to plan,”
said Capt Du Toit. “Due to lack
of information we did not know
of several Fapla bases in this
area. There was in fact a Fapla
base just to the eastern side of
our lay-up position (about
500 m away) and another Fapla
base to the south and most
probably one just north of the
installation.”

The two men with Capt Du
Toit, Louis Pieter van Breda
and Rowland Ridgard Lieben-
berg, were both killed and he
took three bullets — in the

; heck, shoulder and arm.

At this point the other two

‘teams managed to make their:

escape.

Capt Du Toit said the Jim
Fouche would have returned on
three successive nights for a-
pickpup, but if all else failed



Briefs

MOZAMBIQUE

Indian Wheat Received
Japan Imports Flamingo Feathers
Ouko Hails Dutch Aid

Ship Scheduled To Deliver Iranian Gift of Supplies

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 27 May 85) ...sseeeeeesceeeereetere

Homoine District Introduces Family Farm Planning

(NOTICIAS, 31 May 85) ccccecescccccccccceseccceeneeeeseeee

Fishing Activity on Lake Niassa To Be Expanded

Health

(DOMINGO, 2 Jun 85) .ecceeeesccecececcnccceccsterecccccees

Science Cadres Graduate at Maputo Institute
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 27 May 85) ..

Provincial Military Commander Visits Lucheringo District

(DOMINGO, 2 Jun 85) cceccccccccecvecccccceeresescsrerecees

Party School Graduates 16 Teaching Assistants

Briefs

SENEGAL

(DOMINGO, 2 Jun 85) .cccceeecccceceeccceeeeeeesseseereeeee

DPRK Economic Cooperation
Bulgaria Aids AMASP
EFRIPEL Vessel Burns

Significance of Benjedid's Visit Noted

(WAL FADJRI, 25 May-8 Jun 85) ..ssceesseeceeeceeeteneeeees

Setback for Morocco
Tijaniyah Influence

Peasants Termed 'Victims' of New Government Policy

SOUTH AFRICA

(WAL FADJRI, 25 May-8 Jun 85) ..ceeseeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeecees

Implications of Disinvestment for U.S. Discussed

Whites

(Dawie; BEELD, 29 May 85) c.sseeecceecceeceeeseeereseenees

Said To Bear Largest Share of Tax Burden
(DIE AFRIKANER, various dateS) s.sseseeeeerereceeceeeeecee

White Tax Burden Unjust
White Tax Contributions to Black States,
by Hannes Ferguson

47

49

51

52

54

56

58
58

59

59
61

62

64

67
67

69



MOL.ANNOUNCES NEW DIPLOMATIC APPOINTMENTS

Nairobi THE KENYI TIMES in English 19 Jun 85 pp 1, 24

[Text] ;
PRESIDENT Daniel arap Moi

yesterday appointed four new High |

‘Comimissioners and Ambassadors

‘with the former Chief of Protocol,

Mr. Denis Afande, becoming
Kenya’s ambassador to the coun-
try’s mew mission in .Geneva,
Switzerland. * po a

Kenya’s new ambassador to Sudan in
place of Mr. D.R. Mboya who has been ap-
pointed Permanent Secretary. in. the
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
is Mr. G.N. Nyaanga.
! ‘The new Kenya High Commissioner to Zim”
babwe is Mr.:J.A.:Odongo who ‘replaces high
‘commissioner, :Philip Mbai, who-has been
recalled. The new Kenya High Commissioner,
to Nigeria is Dr. E.1. Maluki who replaces Am-
bassador Kefa Onyoni. ~~ we Sas,

According to @ press statement signed by the
Chief: Secretary, Mr. Simon Nyachae, Am-
bassador Onyoni has been transferred to The
- Hague; the Netherlands: -”
_”.. President. Moi yesterday at
State House Nairobi bade-
farewell to the qutgoing am-
bassador of Ireland to Kenya,
Mr. Michael Greene. .

‘The president said relation-
ships between Kenya and

Ireland were cordial and com-
mended the envoy for the
work he had done for the six
years he had been to Kenya.
He said Kenya had a

cso: 3400/565

number of.students studyin
in the University of Dake
and added. that ‘more would
continuexto be sent there.
Piesident Moi also sent his
best wishes to’ the Head of.
State’ and people of the
Republic of Ireland.
__ The occasion was witnessed
by an Assistant Minister for
Foreign Affairs, Mr. Philip
heeakey, ‘the . Permanent
& retary in the Ministry, Mr,
Bethuel Kiplagat and’ the
Chief of Protocot; Mr. Denis
Afande. - |: . ae
._ Meanwhile, President Moi
is scheduled to perform the of-
ficial opening of the perma-
nent. headquarters - 0! the
regional centre.for services in
‘surveying, . mapping “and
remote sensing at’ Kasarani
this morning. "5°, *
-vAccording “to an ‘official
‘programme from the Office of
thé President, the President,
escorted by thé Nairobi Pro-
vincial Commissioner, » Mr.
Fred Waiganjo is expected to
‘arrive at the centre at~10.00
a.m. He will be met on arrival
by the Minister for Foreign
Affairs, Mr. Elijah Mwangale
‘and the executive secretary of

39

JPRS~SSA~85~066

26 July 1985

KENYA

the Economic Commission for
-Africa.. Professor: Adebayo
Adedeji who is also the chair-’
man-of the centre’s governing:
council. ©." ee bb
z resident Moi yesterday
evening. at State .House,
‘Nairobi, received shs. 20,000
towards the.National Famine
Relief Fund and another shs.
20,000 towards the Presiden-
tial Comimission Tree Fund
from the Mwalimu Investment
Company Limited. ©..."
:*. Phe cheques for the amount
awere presented to. the Presi-
dent by the acting chairman of
the company, Mr. Barnard
Macharia, who was accom:
epanjed. by. members of the
Hoard at ayrectors and
surveyors of the company.
y-President Moi thanked the
company for the donation ad-
ding that it was imconformity
with:the Nyayo philosophy of
being mindful of others peo-
ple’s welfare. Y= 0.0
He:said that if we“were all
mindful of . other people’s
welfare, most of the dif-
ficulties facing Africa would
be overcome. ©2800 Yo
“The ‘delegation. .was in-
troduced to'the President by
the Nairobi branch Kanu
chairman," Dr. Njoroge
Mungal, 7... wari

ew wank



The appropriations for the six non-independent, self-ruling states fall under
the budget of the department of cooperation and development. The amount has
dramatically increased in the past two years: from 848 million rands to an es-
timated 1 295 million rands this year.

Assistance

The assistance to the self-ruling states is given in a variety of forms. There
is direct budgetary aid, supplementary financial support, money for specific
development projects, and administrative and technical aid by white government
consultants as well.

This year the total for the six states is as follows:

Gazankulu: 150 million rands
KaNgwane: 90 " "
KwaNdebele: 56 " "
KwaZulu: 602" "
Lebowa: 337" "
Qwa Qwa: 60 " "

In addition, the consolidation of black districts and their development to the
point of independence will cost South Africa 443 million rands. And special
subsidies for a large number of smaller activities are not even taken into ac-
count here.

A large source of expenditures, which is not included here either, is the loans
that are being made by the Development Bank--now practically a part of the ad-
ministrative machinery of South Africa--to the black districts. Including the
loans, we can say that the development of the black states costs the white tax-
payer about 20 percent of his tax money--and this includes his GST [General
Sales Tax] contributions.

The urgent question remains whether the Whites can afford to continue in this
way.

In the light of the restrictive, depression-forming financial policy of the
present government and the topheavy state machinery, which cannot remain within
its depression-time spending limits, the development of the black districts by
means of government money will face a very serious crisis.

The heavy burden that the Whites must bear for the development of the black
districts also has serious consequences for the economy as a whole. It repre-
sents some 6 000 million rands in expenditures that are not directly productive
and that consequently do much to fan the flames of inflation. The development
aid contributed by the Whites must thus not be measured solely in terms of the
losses they suffer as a result of the erosion of the value of their monetary
unit.

Besides, the effectiveness of the development aid is most uncertain. A basic
principle of development aid is that it must attain a certain minimum standard,
a "threshold value," in order to be cost-effective. Until the aid and the in-
vestments have reached that point, such a black district is a bottomless pit.

70



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP POSITION ON STATEMENT OF INTENTIONS UNCHANGED
Johannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans 29 May 85 p 5
{Article: "PFP Policy Remains the Same"]

[Text] Dr Van Zyl Slabbert, leader of the Progressive Federal Party [PFP],
denied yesterday that a shift in emphasis has taken place in his party's solid
position that a statement of intentions must precede negotiations between the
leaders of South Africa's population groups.

"I view a statement of intentions as a procedure and not as a matter of prin-
ciple. It makes no difference to me whether the statement is made before or
after negotiations have begun, as long as there simply is a statement of inten-
tions," he said yesterday when questioned by BEELD.

Uncertainty about this aspect of PFP policy arose after Mr Harry Schwarz, mem-
ber of parliament for Yeoville and the strong figure in the party's moderate
wing, said the day before yesterday in the House of Assembly that the concept
of setting preconditions before dialogue is conducted must be abandoned by all
groups in South Africa.

The PFP has in the past strongly insisted that there first be a statement of
intentions before meaningful talks can be conducted between the leaders of
South Africa's population groups about a future constitutional arrangement.

Dr Slabbert said yesterday that he does not view Mr Schwarz's position as a
shift of emphasis in PFP policy. The question is not whether there should be
a statement of intentions, but rather whether the negotiations succeed.

"I view a constitution agreed to by a national convention as a statement of
intentions. I will have no objections if the state president first has to
negotiate in order to see whether a statement of intentions is possible.

"I believe that Mr Schwarz's speech in the House of Assembly is linked to the
views expressed by the state president, Mr P. W. Botha, on the British tele-
vision program 'Weekend World.' You can't say on the one hand that you have
an open agenda and then say on the other hand that there are certain things
that you won't talk about.

"A statement of intentions does not set conditions. It only establishes the
basis for talks," Dr Slabbert said.

12271 79
CSO: 3401/223



249025

JPRS-SSA-85-066
26 July 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

KO
DEC @IALIY meee 3

19980802 14

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

7 RPRODUCED BY

| NATIONAL “TECHNICAL |
« INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
I SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 |



MINERS WIN PAY INCREASE

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Jun 85 p 1

[Text]

MINERS have won pay increments
ranging from K47 to K65 a month, it
was announced yesterday.

‘The increments were announced by Mine-
workers Union of Zambia (MUZ) officials at
public meetings held in all mining towns where
miners were briefed on the outcome of the MUZ
supreme council meeting held in Kitwe last Fri-
day on the controversial Mukuba pension

scheme,

MUZ officials said the
increments were part of the
collective agreement bet-
ween the union and the
Copper Mining Employers
Association which repre-
sents the Zambia Consoli-
dated Copper Mines
(ZCCM).

The increments are to be

paid on August 1 with back
pay for three months.

In Kitwe, Nkana MUZ
branch chairman, Mr
Moses Bwali told ' about
3,000 miners at Chamboli
township that the lowest
paid miners on G8 and G5
salary scales would get the

105

highest increment of K65 a.

month while those in G4.

and G3 will receive KS4,
Miners in G2 and Gl
scales will receive K47. The
miners would receive furth-
er rises in August next year.
The entry point for the
lowest paid miner would
now be K287 from August
— 1986 — an increaseof
K123 in less than two years.

The G3 and G4 salary
scale workers wha would
get K54 salary increment‘on
August | will next year get a
further K47 pay rise. ~

Those who would. get
K47 this year will have K42
added to their salaries ‘ia
August next year.

MUZ further won @
monthly K20 transport
allowance for its members
from K8 and more public
holidays to bring them to
seven a year. The additional
holidays are Africa Free-
dom Day and Heroes and
Unity Day.

Miners who goi'to work”

on those days would be paid
overtime.

Car loans for G1 miners
have been increased to
K6,000. The union failed to
clinch a K50 a month cost
of living allowance because
of the dwindling copper
reserves and falling produc-
tion figures.

“‘We had proposed
K8,000 car loans because
the price of a vehicle in
Zambia has gone up. The
management rejected that
and reduced the amount
they could offer to
K6,000,’’ Mr Bwali said,

JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA



GABON

KENYA

Presence of Garrison Transforms Kalait Into Booming City
CINFO TCHAD, 12 Jum 85).....ceeecceccccccccccecencereeeee

Encyclopedic Spirit Prevails at Bantu Civilizations Center
(Jean-Pierre Challard; AFRICA, May 85) ....ececeseecceeeee

Foreign Ministry Denounces Namibian ‘Puppet’ Government
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 20 Jun 85) ......eeecseeeeeeeeees

Rawlings Condemns RSA Raid Into Botswana
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 19 Jun 85) ....seeecsecceescceres

Diamond Winners Urged To Form Cooperatives
(Samuel Kyei-Boateng; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 15 Jun 85) .

Joint Yugoslavian Agricultural Project Progressing
(Albert Sam; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 21 Jun 85) ..........

CDRs Call for Cadre School to 'Conscientise' the People
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 20 Jun 85) c..eceeeceeceeeesceeee

Joint Communique With Uganda Signed
(THE KENYA TIMES, 11 Jun 85) ...cseccceccccccceccceceeeees

Moi Praises Non-Aligned Movement, Seeks Cooperation Increase
(Daniel Arap Moi; THE KENYA TIMES, 4 Jun 85) ....eeeeeeees

Joint Yugoslavian Communique Issued
(THE KENYA TIMES, 7 Jun 85) ...cceececeeeeceeeerceeseeenee

Moi Calls for Stronger Diplomatic Missions
(Robert Irungu; THE KENYA TIMES, 10 Jun 85) .......eeeeeee

Moi Announces New Diplomatic Appointments
(THE KENYA TIMES, 19 Jun 85) ....ecececccceececccecvenenee

Moi Calls for Clamp-Down on Work Permits by Foreigners
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 14 Jun 85) cceeccceesscceseceeeeeeeees

Economic Survey Released Anticipating Budget
(Kauli Mwembe; THE KENYA TIMES, 4 Jun 85) .....ceeceeceeee

Highlights of 1985 Budget Outlined
(THE KENYA TIMES, 14 Jun 85)... cece cece cece cece cess eenee

Kiilu Urges Youth Winger Support in Fighting Crime
(THE KENYA TIMES, 3 Jun 85) co cc eee s asec ese e cece cece eee eee

-be-

21

23

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

36

38

39

40

41

42

4h



cso;

3400/583

And miners whé Quality
for bicycle loans will now
collect. them from mine
stores instead of the. local
shops to avoid . cheating
which had become com-
mon, Miners bought other
goods instead of bicycles or
simply obtained cash from

shop owners.

Mr Bwali said thesugges-
‘tion to turn the KS00 motor
cycle loans into furniture
loans was deferred to later
negotiations.

ZCCM would now issue
overalls to miners working
in dusty areas three times a
year instead of once.

On the controversial Mu-
kuba Scheme Mr Bwali said
the scheme’s board of trus-
tees would announce dates
‘on which miners who wish
to withdraw from the
scheme could do so.

He urged miners who
were sacked for taking part
in the week-long strike over
the pension scheme to
appeal against the sackings
through established .chan-
nels.

He appealed to the Party
and its Government not to
apply to MUZ statutory
instrument number six
which revokes automatic

deduction by employers «
union dues to trade unior
whose members go c
strikes. :

He said application of tt
regulation to MUZ woul
weaken the union and tt
mining industry would t
adversely affected.

He told miners that an
attempt to destroy MU:
would mean the end of thei
future. They would hav
no more representation.

He however, said MU;
was preparing forms whic.
miners would have to fi!
for their subscriptions to b
channelled to MUZ shoul
the Government put int
force the crippling regula

n.

Principal labour office:
Mr Alfred Nyirenda said in
Lusaka on June 3 that the
strike by miners meant
automatic application’ 01
the statutory instrument
against MUZ,

The Chamboli meeting
was attended by MUZ
deputy national chairman
Mr Charles Mbao.

106



say, that is all that is known about it. A drawing of the equipment has even
been bought, but the main task remains to be dealt with: there is no shortage
of proposals.

The appointment of Theophile Obenga, former director of scientific research as
CEO of CICIBA, amounts to an "internationalization of this position,"that,
according to Article 26, Gabon's Minister for Culture, Jean-Emile Mbot,
insists will indeed come to pass.

On leaving his post on 19 April 1985, Bonaventure Ndong stated cryptically
that his departure stemmed from a high level political decision. In any case,
one thing is certain: nobody has said anything against him, in public or in
private.

Prof Lue de Heusch tells us that CICIBA from now on must eschew frivolous
projects and avoid trying to go too fast. As its creator, Gabon's ehief of
state, prophesied in his concluding message read by his representative, "Many
dangers lie in wait for such an undertaking: ideological factionalism,
utopianism, and complacency.

6182
CSO: 3419/429

27



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GENERAL GELDENHUYS COMMENTS ON ROLE OF ARMY IN SWA
Stellenbosch DIE SUID-AFRIKAAN in Afrikaans No 3, 1985 pp 17-19

[Interview with General Jannie Geldenhuys, army leader, by Hermann Giliomee;
date and place not specified. ]

[Text] [Question] Churchill referred to wars "that cannot be won, lost or
ended." It looks as if we are faced with such a war in South-West Africa (SWA)
that cannot be ended.

[Answer] Really, that is too narrow a description. In SWA the conflict is
much greater than a simple military combat. I believe that the armed conflict
can be ended, but this is also a political conflict. And the most important
fact to remember about this one is that it has become an international politi-
cal conflict. The solution must be sought on the grounds of international pol-

itics. The solution must be acceptable to a number of countries.

[Question] We are publicly informed that the army is creating a shield so that
peaceful democratic change may take place within SWA. But has the multi-party
conference (VPK) any chance to go it alone against SWAPO?

[Answer] I am not partial to the notion that the army is wielding a shield.
Tn SWA we are not waging a conventional war with a border or a front. Intern-
ally, SWAPO is not a prohibited organization, and to speak of a shield behind
which political development may take place is inappropriate.

It is difficult to say whether the VPK is actually a political factor or whe-
ther it has the power to fill a void. No trustworthy public-opinion research
exists. All that one can go by is the 1978 elections, and if one looks at
them, it seems that the possibility exists of other strong political organiza-
tions above and beyond SWAPO.

But whatever internal support the different parties may have, as long as you

don't come up with a solution that is internationally satisfying, you have no
solution at all.

86



"Today we need evangelically radical people. We have need of people who
are ready to walk the path of reconciliation."

Today it may even be a death path.
"Reforum also wants to try once again to set right the evangelical message

with a specific call for justice with respect to forced separation,
discrimination, and other evils."

12906
CSO: 3401/164

81



ducted using live ammunition in
the AK-47 assault rifles they all
carried.

The hair-raising climax was
provided: during a demonstra-
tion by a platoon of trainees
who covered an obstacle course
while instructors — fired live
rounds just behind and just in
front of their feet and just above
their heads.

“We hit a few people in the
feet sometimes,” an instructor
commented and said that no-one
had been killed on the course.
“Yet,” he hastened to add.

* Unita also organised a parade

during which they put about
1200 fully armed and equipped
men on public display, showed
captured cannons and heavy
weapons and produced a long
line of trucks, armoured cars
and armoured personnel car-
riers and even a captured Soviet
‘T-34 tank.

A row of captured SAM-7 sur-
face-to-air missiles brought
gasps of amazement from the
Afghan delegation.

But Unita were not prepared
to allow the delegation to leave
before showing that Jamba
means a lot more to the people
here than just a military base.

They were shown a school
where lessons in geography,
Portuguese, botany, arithmetic
and history were in progress.

‘A 200-bed hospital, complete
with casualty, recovery, mater-

nity and therapy wards was
proudly displayed to delegates.

“We have six major hospitals,
22 regional hospitals and 210
clinics in Unita-controlled
areas,” the hospital superinten-
dent said.

But the tours were not over
yet and the delegates and the
media were taken to another
section of Jamba and shown
how Unita restored, rebuilt and
adapted captured weaponry,
produced artefacts for the ex-
port market made of ivory, built
its own tables, chairs, desks,
doors and cupboards and a
smelting plant where bits of old
iron were .melted down and
turned into axes, knives, scythes
and even cutlery.

The visiting delegates left
Jamba deeply impressed with
what they had seen_and, consid-
ering the circumstances of the
other guerilla movements at the
conference, it is not difficult to
understand why.

That Unita are a cut above
the average guerilla movement
is undeniable: Jamba is living
proof of that. That they cannot
go much further without mas-
sive Western aid is equally ap-

rent.

It means that whether or not

“they ultimately succeed in their

self-appointed mission of clear-
ing Angola of “Soviet imperial-
ism” it is clearly out of their
hands.

[9 Jun 85 p 10]

[Text] JAMBA (Angola) — It is a long way from the

White House to Dr Jonas Savimbi’s Unita head-
quarters in the Angolan bush, but a conser-
vative American organisation is doing all it can
to bring the two much closer together.

The stated intention of this week’s conference
at the provisional capital of the Unita rebels
was to bring rightwing guerilla movements
from across the globe together in an alliance
against “Russian imperialism”.

But in the end it became a massive propagan-
da exercise for Unita and a transparent attempt
by conservative Americans to force their Gov- ~
ernment to aid the Nicaraguan guerillas.

The conference was organised by a US group
known as Citizens for America (CFA), with
White House (but not official American) back-
ing. .



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FISHING ACTIVITY ON LAKE NIASSA TO BE EXPANDED
Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 2 Jun 85 p 3

([Text] Fishing activity may be increased substantially this year in the
district of Lichinga, in Niassa, the district director for support and control
has stated.

In a talk with our correspondent in Lichinga, this official said that there
are in fact many individuals, and not in his district alone, but in other
parts of the province as well, who are interested in obtaining licenses to
pursue this activity on Lake Niassa in the Meponda zone.

At the present time, the district of Lichinga has two fishing cooperatives, 25
family fishing enterprises and 20 so-called traditional fishermen.

The production goal set by the district for this year calls for 20 tons of
dried fish.

On this same occasion, the Lichinga district director for support and control
explained that dried fish began to be marketed in 1983, when about 14 tons of
the product were sold to the workers in Matama by the AGRICOM, as well as to
the residents of various settlements in the district of Lichinga.

The same source also said that efforts are to be made this year to establish
better conditions for the drying of fish in Meponda. Work is currently being
done in that locality by a district brigade which is mobilizing and educating
the individual and family fishing enterprises with a view to organization in
cooperatives.

This official explained that this step is designed to make possible an
increase in the production of fish and its subsequent preservation to supply
the city of Lichinga with this lake product. On the other hand, this will
make it possible to reduce the most urgent problems of the fishermen, having
to do in particular with production tools, nets, boats, hooks and line, among
other things, which are in short supply on the local market.

5157
CSO: = 3442/310

51



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PRETORIA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN STRONG MOVE TO RIGHT
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 29 May 85 p 10

[Text] The Afrikaner Student Union (ASB) met with a fierce counterreaction af-
ter its recent colloquy with the black Inkatha Movement. At the spearhead of
this opposition stood the Afrikaner Student Front (ASF).

Already in the rush after the general election of 1981, a political shift tow-
ard the right was taking place on Afrikaner university campuses. This tendency
was especially observable at the University of Pretoria (UP). During a public
assembly addressed by Mr F.W. de Klerk at the university, for example, NP sup-
porters had to be hastily driven away when rightist students stepped on the
platform and took over the meeting.

Considering that the youth movements of political parties had been forbidden

to operate on the UP campus, however, there was a great need for joint rightist
political student activity. The leftist radical student movement, Polstu,
which was founded by frustrated leftists at the time of the ASB congress of
1980, was already allowed on the campus. Polstu, however, had already begun to
decline earlier.

After the NP schism of 1982, the attack began in deadly earnest for the opening
up of the university [to all population groups]. Conservative students fought
back, however, and at a huge gathering of 3 000 students, an integrated campus
was rejected by a great majority. This gesture united rightist forces even
further and strengthened the need for ongoing joint actions.

In June of 1983 rightist students from different political parties thus came to-
gether to pursue this objective. The leading figures were Messrs Norman Kok, the
leader of the HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party! Youth Combat Action Group, Thinus
Roos and Koos Kemp, the vice-chairman of the representative student council. A
Pilot meeting was held on 17 August, and a steering committee of eleven members
was appointed.

These preparatory steps led to the founding of the ASF on 20 October, 1983, with
Messrs Kok and Roos as chairman and vice-chairman respectively. The referendum

campaign was already in the home stretch at that time, and the organization im-

mediately accepted a unanimous motion in which the government's proposed consti-
tutional dispensation was rejected. A summons was issued to all students to

93



JPRS~SSA-85~066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PARTY LEADER SEES DANGER IN INCREASED BLACK POLITICAL ACTIVITY

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 12 Jun 85 p 5

[Text] With its plan to approach Blacks politically now, the government is
abusing the mandate given to it by the referendum of 1983.

Such were the sentiments of Dr Connie Mulder, Conservative Party (KP) member
of the president's council, when he addressed a public assembly at Vereeniging.
Dr Mulder appeared together with the secretary-general of the HNP [Herstigte
Nasionale Party], Mr Louis Stofberg.

Dr Mulder pointed out that the referendum dealt exclusively with the political
future of Whites, Coloreds and Indians. The government expressly stated that
the referendum does not deal with Blacks. Mr P.W. Botha, however, did not re-
ceive any mandate to approach the Blacks.

For these reasons many Whites voted unsuspectingly for the proposed constitu-
tion. The government is now abusing this mandate in order to approach the
Blacks, without further ado and without asking the voters for a new mandate.
Instead, it has postponed the next general election until 1989.

The NP often says that the present constitution is only a "point of departure."
Does the NP really think that the Blacks will accept anything less than black
majority rule?

The Blacks are more and more politically oriented, which means that although
they are not taken into account in the national states [homelands, etc.], the
ten million Blacks in white districts will be counted...[obscured in print].

History has taught that black ethnic groups put mutual differences aside and
form a block against the Whites. In South Africa this will also happen, and
after they have succeeded in getting the Whites out of the government, a bloody
clash between the various groups will take place.

"If you forsake the path of separateness, as Mr Botha's government has done,
the end of the road is black majority rule, irrespective of the formulas that
are built in," said Dr Mulder.

Whites in South Africa are sick and tired of being indoctrinated daily by the
television and radio services of SABC [South Africa Broadcasting Corporation],

72



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

KENYA

JOINT COMMUNIQUE WITH UGANDA SIGNED

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 11 Jun 85 p 20

KENYA and Uganda are set to follow up the new trend of things

[Text] and usher in a period of amity, in fulfilment of the 1983 Arusha
reement signed by the presidents of the three countrties.

‘This was stated yesterday by the Minister for Transport and.

Communications Mr. Arthur. Magugu at the opening of the

‘ministerial transport and communications bilateral meeting bet-
ween Kenya and Uganda in Nairobi. . at

The minister who led Shigh
powered Kenyan delegation to
the meeting, reiterated that the
officials were ready to cement
the ~~tenewed good.
neighbourliness and brotherly
relations. The officials had
met in Nairobi for three dave
from June 3 to 4.

The Uganda délegation to
the mizzsterial meeting was led
Covopgation for Regional

Go-op¢ration Mr. Sam
Tewungwa. He emphasised
the need for greater co-
operation between Kenya and
Uganda, saying the two.coun-
uries need each other. He cail-
ed for a speedy implementa-
tion of the agreement.

Ina joint communique, the
delegations, agreed 6n several
areas of co-operation ine
field of transport and coth-
munications between the two
governments. This included
understandings on _ ¢o-
operation in the fields of posts
and telecommunications ser-
vices, civil aviation, road
“ransport, ports and shipping
services.

An agreement was conclud-
cd and signed on co-operation
for railway. and marine ser-
vices between the raiiways cor-
porations. A draft agreement
‘on meteorological. services was
exchanged and will be'réach-
ed soon.

According to the communi-
que, the negotiations were
held. in a spirit of cordial
friendship.

CSO: 3400/565 33



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

KENYA

BRIEFS

INDIAN WHEAT RECEIVED--The government of Kenya yesterday received a gift of
5,000 tonnes of wheat from the government of India, The wheat which arrived
at Port of Mombasa aboard an Indian vessel MV Fortune was handed over to the
coast provincial commissioner, Mr. Mohammed Yusuf Haji on behalf of the gov-
ernment by the Indian high commissioner to Kenya Mr. Krishna Rana. Haji
thanked the government of India for their gift which he said would help
wananchi in the drought stricken areas, Rana said the Indian Prime Minis-
ter Rajiv Gandhi, who is also the chairman of the non-aligned movement last
year issued. an appeal to the world community urging for assistance for Africa.
He noted that India has offered wheat to Kenya and other countries in the
spirit of South=South co-operation and solidarity among non-aligned nations.
The ship will also deliver another 5,000 tonnes of wheat to the Tanzanian
government in Dar-es-Salaam. Earlier the high commissioner had paid a court-
esy call to the PC, [Text] [Article by Saferio Ouma] [Nairobi THE KENYA
TIMES in English 4 Jun 85 p 3]

JAPAN IMPORTS FLAMINGO FEATHERS--In a bid to increase Kenyan Japanese trade,
the Japan External Trade Organisation (JETRO) in Nairobi, is promoting the
export of papyrus and flamingo feathers, products, materials which have hither
to been regarded as valueless, In an interview with the Kenya Times, Jetro's
executive director, Mr. Famio Inui, said initial small quantities of dried
papyrus and flamingo feathers products were already being exported to Japan.
While the papyrus came from the Lake basin the feather came from the flamingoes
of Lake Nakuru which shed the feathers from around June to August every year,
"In the past, these feathers were left to waste as nobody knew what to do with
them, But now they are collected along the lake's shores as they are dropped
by the birds and made into various items which enjoy a ready market in Japan,"
said Inui, The products made from Flamingo feathers include table centre-
pieces, corsages, flowers on stems and several flower designs and household
decorations, The feathers have natural beautiful colours and it is therefore
not necessary to dye them. [Text] [Article by Kauli Mwembe] [Nairobi THE
KENYA TIMES in English 7 Jun 85 p 8]

OUKO HAILS DUTCH AID--The Minister for Labour, Dr. Roberto Ouko has expressed
gratitude to the Netherlands for their assistance in rural development in
Kenya, The minister was talking to the ambassador of the Neitherlands, Mr,
J. F, Boddens Hosang who paid a courtesy call on him. Ouko noted that the
Neitherlands was one of Kenya's major aid donors of which, the bulk was di-
rected towards projects in the rural areas, He thanked the Neitherlands for

45



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

BELGIUM EXTENDS HEALTH ASSISTANCE--Belgium has extended her technical assis-
tance agreements with Zambia for projects at Lusaka's Chainama College of
Health Sciences and Mount Makulu Research Station involving a total of K6.9
million, The extension of the programme was contained in three agreements
signed yesterday by Belgian ambassador to Zambia Mrs Christina Funes-Noppen
and acting permanent secretary for the National Commission for Development
Planning Mr Wasamunu Lafafa. The Beigian government has been funding the
Chainama college project which Belgium has since 1976 and has now been ex-
tended to July 1986, The project involves about K4.5 million. Belgium has
provided a team of medical doctors and technicians, equipment, vehicles,
spare parts, vaccines and the training of Zambians both locally and in
Belgium, The third agreement on Mount Malalu Research Station involved about
K2.4 million to strengthen the plant protection section. The assistance in
1976 has been extended to September 1986. Belgium would under the agreement
continue to provide highly qualified experts in agricultural research and
would provide various equipment. [Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English
19 Jun 85 p 5]

SAUDI ARABIAN MEDICAL SUPPLIES~-Saudi Arabia wants to develop bilateral and
friendly relations with Zambia, charge d'affaires Mr Anwar Mirza said in Lusaka
yesterday. Mr Mirza said this at Lusaka International Airport when he presented
28 tonnes of drugs, 2,000 medical booklets and surgical equipment to Prime
Minister Musokotwane from King Fahd. He said the King had donated the gifts

as a practical demonstration of his desire to develop bilateral and friendly
relations with Zambia, King Fahd sent the gifts in appreciation of Zambia's
international understanding and contribution to the welfare of mankind, Mr
Musokotwane thanked Saudi Arabia and especially King Fahd for the donation.
[Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 11 Jun 85 p 5]

cso: 3400/587

114



beans. To date, an area of 247 hectares has been cultivated. This sector has
encountered a shortage of butter bean seeds.

The district agriculture office in Homoine has begun the assignment of basic
farm technicians to aid the cooperatives.

Also in Homoine, the state sector, represented by the Chinjinguir production
unit, planned the cultivation of an area of 945 hectares, and work has already
been done on an area of more than 200 hectares. The work on the areas
intended for first-cycle crops was seriously affected by the late delivery of
machinery, along with the shortage of fuels. It is therefore planned to plant
larger areas during the second cycle, with a view to fulfillment of the plan.
However, the achievement of this goal is threatened by the lack of rainfall.

By the first half of this month, the cashew-processing plant in the city of
Inhambane had shipped 275 tons of this product for sale in the district of
Homoine. The cashew-marketing season scheduled to end later this month has
suffered in recent days as a result of the shortage of the products sought
most by the peasants, in particular sugar, soap and cloth.

Despite this, it is expected that the goal of 350 tons assigned to the
district of Homoine will be met, since the sale of the cashews located at the
marketing centers is still pending, while on the other hand some quantities
are still in the hands of the peasants.

5157
CSO: = 3442/310

50



establishing the Kenya Textile Training Institute which he said was the
first of the kind in Kenya and it would enable Kenyans to train in textile
technology locally. The ambassador said his country's aid to Kenya rose from
shs, 13,5 million in 1970 to shs. 2,182.95 million by 1982, Hosang noted
that the relations between Kenya and the Neitherlands were good and that he
would promote this to his best capability. [Excerpt] [Nairobi THE KENYA
TIMES in English 1 Jun 85 p 5]

CSO; 3400/569

46



DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS FOR CISKEI, TRANSKEI DETAILED

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 10 Jun 85 p 4

{Text]

{EAST LONDON — The
Development Bank of
Southern Africa is com-
mitted’ to financial aid
totalling R90 million for
development projects in
-Ciskei and Transkei.

According to statistics
given in the bank's an-
nual report, amounts ap-
proved under its lending
.and technical assistance
programmes _ between
‘April last year and
March this year totalled
more than R49 million
for Ciskei projects and
more than R36 million
for Transkei projects.
The total value of the
projects is about R99
million in Ciskei and
R103 million in Trans-

ei.

A spokesman for the
bank said the projects
were at various stages of
implementation. In
some cases loan agree-
ments had already been
signed and in others the
loans had been ap-
proved but the terms of
the loan
were still being nego-
tiated.

Work is already
underway on some of the
projects and in some
cases, such as industrial
and infrastructural pro-

jects at Fort Jackson and
Dimbaza in  Ciskei,
buildings have been

completed and occu-
pied.

The Development
-Bank started operations

agreements,

“In February last year. Its
;founding members were
iSouth Africa, Transkei,
iCiskei, Bophuthatswana
{and Venda with the non-
“independent states par-
.ticipating in its activi-
. ties as constituent parts

of South Africa. :

Its objectives are to
provide finance for de-

velopment requirements.

+ on favourable terms, to
promote the investment

of public and private
capital and to provide
technical assistance and
training.

Of its initial author-
ised share capital of
R2 000 million, R200 mil-
lion is being paid up by"
the member states, léav-
ing R1 800 million in cal-
lable shares against
which . loans can be
raised in capital mar-
kets. The South African
government has pledged
to pay R1500 million
into the development
fund of the bank in the
first five-year period.

Loans approved for
Ciskei projects under
the bank’s lending pro-
gramme between April

last year and March this,
year were:

@ R2,585 million for a;
pineapple®

commercial
farming project in Cis-
kei’s coastal region

which will create a total,

of 385 jobs. Total project
cost is R3,238 million;

@ R3,536 million for

75

labour inteiisive iridus-
‘try at Fort Jackson to
create 5000 jobs. Total
cost; R8,991 million;

@ R1,291 million for
factory flat complexes,
tural workshops and
market stalls to encour-
age small business and
industry. Total cost:
1,583 million;

@ R39,2 million for
factory buildings and in-
frastructure at Fort
Jackson and Dimbaza.
Total cost: R83,850 mil-
lion;

@ R469 000 for the up-
grading of infrastructure
at the Potsdam informal

settlement and improve~

ment of health standards
— a move which the re-
port says will reduce
pollution of the Buffalo

iver, East London and

Mdantsane’s main
source of drinking
cost:

water. Total
RS: Hi

peas -

@ R3 million for infra-
structure, additional,
training facilities and
accommodation at the
Ithemba Training
Centre. The object, the

‘bank says, is to meet

manpower and skills re-
quirements of commerce
and industry in both Cis-
kei and the rest-of the
Region D development
area. Total cost: R3,460
million.

The Development
Bank also approved fi-

nancing for various ur-.

ban and rural develop-

JPRS~SSA~85-066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ment projects in Ciskei_
under its technical’
assistance programme:

@ A grant of R304 000
to extend the activities
of the African Co-opera-
tive Action Trust (Acat)
in establishing savings
clubs to mobilise funds
for agricultural projects.
Total project cost is

- R664 000;

@ A loan of R555 000
for the design of 550 in-
fill sites and 600 low ser-
vice sites for a housing
project at Dimbaza. The
project includes a self-

elp centre, design of
core houses and a self-
help manual and design
of a town centre. The
project wil! assist in the
bank's appraisal of a
possible R9 million hou-
sing project at Dimbaza;

@ A loan of R735 000
for the first phase of a
major R5,8 million resi-
dential project at
Potsdam. The first phase
consists of the prepara-
tion for self-help hous-
ing on 600 erven and
planning of an area of
about 2 500 sites;

@ A grant of R547 950
towards the planning of
urban development at
Laphumilanga. Financ-
ing will eventually be
sought for an urban
centre of 600 core units,
primary school, post of-
fice, clinic, shops and
small business units.
The project is aimed at
lower income groups



In the past the church had found that in the end nothing was achieved
by talks outside the church structure. As far as most English churches
are concerned, there are too many basic differences between them and
the Dutch Reformed Church on such matters as the interpretation of
Scripture and the creed. The Dutch Reformed Church cannot accept the
manner in which the churches are trying to bring about political changes
in the country.

Reconciliation

In a reference to Dr Beyers Naudé and Dr Allan Boeksak's march on
Parliament, he says: "To bring people together to demonstrate, and

to think that the church is now in action here, and you hear the language
that is used, then I search in the end for the central message of the
Scriptures, which is reconciliation in Christ and love and not hate

and bitterness and rebellion and violence."

Can the church in fact call attention to injustice that is the result

of government policy? Yes, Rev Potgieter believes, "but it is very
complicated. The church has the Bible's guidelines of justice, peace
and love, and of course reconciliation in Christ. That doesn't encompass
socializing simply on grounds of humanistic opinions."

"You just have to follow the straight path as well as you can in the

light of circumstances, and where you have gone wrong, you must admit
it, and where you have acted well, we must be thankful."

12906
CSO: 3401/164

85



JPRS~SSA~85~066

26 July 1985

MOL CALLS FOR CLAMP-DOWN ON WORK PERMITS BY FOREIGNERS

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 14 Jun 85 pp 13-14

[Text]

cso:

JUDGING from the tone of President
Daniel arap Moi’s statement on Monday
that the government would be stricter in
issuing work permits, it would appear
that the government is now serious in its
attempt to restrict the number of
foreigners working in Kenya. In January
this year, the minister for state in the
office of the president, Mr. Justus ole
Tipis, who is in charge of immigration,
issued a legal notice revoking section 18 of
the Immigration Act, which exempted
certain categories of foreign professionals
from applying for work permits.
According to the legal notice, the
professionals were given 90 days within
which to apply for the work permits. The
period expired on April 10. The profes-
sions involved included law, accountancy,
engineering, architecture and agriculture.
_ Addressing members of the public on
arriving from 4 state visit to Yugoslavia
and Austria, the president said he had
found out from his overseas tour that
many foreigners found it difficult to get
‘permits to work in countries where they
lived. He said Kenya should therefore be
more stringent in issuing work permits so
that they are issued to foreigners only if

3400/577

they are able to contribute to the economy
of the country. The principal immigration
officer, Mr. Milton ole Ncharo, told The
Weekly Review that his department
would soon meet to make arrangements
for the implementation of the presidential
directive on work permits.

According. to the Immigration , Act,
there are 12 classes of entry (work)
permits, ranging from Class A to Class L
which can be granted.

Ole Ncharo told The Weekly
Review that the government’s action in

revoking section 18 of the Immigration
Act was not intended to expel foreign
professionals from the country en masse,
but to make a census of them. He said, for
example, that there are only 1,500
qualified Kenyan accountants in the
country, while over 3,000 are needed. It
would therefore be unwise for the govern-
ment to deny work permits to foreign
accountants, he pointed out.

If the government clamps down on work
permits, many foreigners, particularly
from neighbouring countries, will have to
leave Kenya. One area that many obser-
vers feel is inundated by foreigners and
where there are many qualified Kenyans
is the legal profession. s

40

KENYA



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA

KAUNDA CALLS CABINDA INCIDENT VICTORY FOR ANGOLA

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 8 Jun 85 p 1

[Text]

PRESIDENT Kaunda has described as a
“treble” victory the recent killing and capture of
some South African army personnel on a

cso;

sabotage mission in Angola.

Dr Kaunda who led a
high powered Zambian
delegation to. a one-day
visit to Luanda yesterday
said the capture of a
South African captain and
the killing of two of his
colleagues who were in the
process of destroying an
oil refinery in Cabindar
province was a com-
mendable victory ~— for
Angola.

“It is a treble victory
because the enemy agents
were captured, have been
exposed and failed to carry
out their mission."

Dr Kaunda told, his
Angola counterpart. Presi-
dent Jose Eduardo dos

PROBLEMS

Zambia and the inter-
national community sympa-
thised with Angola and

-would support the struggle

of the Angolan people.

Dr Kaunda catalogued
causes of problems facing
not only Angola. but other
Frontline states as well.

Earlier, Mr Dos Santos
said the oil company was
to be attacked by a South
African task force and if
the act had succeeded it
would have dealt a serious
blow to Angola.

Angola's Defence Mini-

But he would not indicate
yesterday when Angola
would present the condi-
tions. The issue was still
being studied. he said.

In a joint’ communique
after the meeting. the two
leaders expressed  satis-
faction at the steady
progress the Southern
African Development Co-
ordination Conference
(SADCC) had made since
its inception and called on
the international commu-
nity to join in SADCC's
struggle for — economic
liberation.

They expressed — soli-
darity with those © still

Santos.at the beginning of ster. Mr Pedro Maria fighting for freedom.
official talks in the. Tonha said Angola would President Kaunda is
Angolan capital_ that ve social conditions to expected to return

Zambia knew all along that
all activities aimed at
destroying Angola's infras-
tructure were being
carried out by Pretoria
and not Unita rebel
forces.

“The outside world also

knows as well as we do
that it is not rebel forces
of Unita planning the
destruction of property in
Angola but South African
forces."*
.. He.: praised, Angola . for
treating the | captured
captain in’ a humane
manner. ae

3400/584

jouth Africa for the release
of the bodies of the sabo-
teurs and its captain now
being held captive in
Luanda.

110

to Mfuwe to continue his
holiday today.



IPRS~SSA~85~066

26 July 1985

GENERAL MASEKO PRAISES ARMY AT GRADUATION CEREMONY

Harare THE’ SUNDAY MAIL in English 23 Jun 85 p 1

[Text]

cso;

THE Zimbabwe Na-
thonal Army not only
has the miuscle but
also the hraing to
repel aggression from
those who would dis-
rupt the country’s
stability and national
independence, the
army Chief of Staff
AQ, Mojor - Genera?
Jevan Maseko, said

yesterdny.

Gen, Maseko, repregont-
ing the Army Com-
mander Lieutenant -

_ ive Heutenant cofonels
and a Tren, Sion at a
epecial gradual care.
mony et the OMmicers’
Meso st Harore’s King
George VI barracks.

3400/576

‘Alt the officers who
completed the university's
first ‘two-year loma.
passed ‘he

e
final examinations = —~
four of them with distinc-
tions, “That four

‘Two years Inter the
army jeved the univer-
aity’s new war studies
[course would greatly en-
hance the academic pro-
fessional education of its
jeficer corps and play an

eset important tole tn unitin;

pa
with th distinctions mm proot
outstanding cal
z ee mes
as 2 to
ed with,” sald Gen,

The diplomas were con-
ferred on the army by
the university at its
gtaduation day on Mey -

38 to be presented to the |

officers at the army's own
ceremony yesterday.

Gen, Maseko sald the
officers’ graduation rep-
renented a wonderful col-
fective effort by ZNA
ersonuel who often at-
ended their university:
clneses after strenuous
ste and operational
duties,

In 1980 the army had
embarked on the “sts
[seine teak” of the mle
‘ary integration of three

\Gitferent armies, “Military

stability was vital be-
cause without it national
reconciliation could not
have begun,” he said.

119

the military thinking 0!
the new national army.

ie army fe very
eatisfied with the ign
wtandard of tuftion end
ire te Sepesed. by the
pel ty
‘Univeratt; Zimbabwe
in the
officers.”
The opine {uetuded
special ert
methods i provi
the professtonal practi-
Monerg of combat with
the theory to help meet
operational and staff or-
ganisation requirements.
sn eda
importance
the army attached
modern confllet an and ‘eect.
amity iiksues, Gen,
‘Mageko.

ZIMBABWE



ANGOLA

JPRS-SSA- 85-066

26 July 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

Details of Cabinda Incident Given
(Various sources, various dateS) ...sseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeee

Intelligence Uncovers Story

Malan's Version, by John Maclennan, William Saunderson-
Meyer

DuToit's Details, by John Maclennan,
William Saunderson-Meyer

New Light Cast, by Brendan Nicholson

Correspondent Describes Conference in Jamba
(Gary van Staden; THE STAR, 8, 9 Jun 85) ..... eee senecees

Country Likely To Increase Trade With West
(Michael Rank; THE CITIZEN, 29 Jun 85) ....seseeeeeeeeene

Diamond Industry Hit by War
(Michael Rank; THE KENYA TIMES, 6 Jun 85) veeeeeeepecenee

Coffee Industry Figures Given
(THE KENYA TIMES, 8 Jun 85) ...-eeceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeccee

FNLA Dead, Says Ex-Leader
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 27 Jun 85) .sceeeeeceeceecesceecstceeee

Journalist Visits, Describes Luanda
(Patrick Reyna; EVENING POST, 12 Jun 85) ...sseeeeeeeeeee

Savimbi on Cuban Troops, Possibility of Negotiations
(Gary van Staden; THE STAR, 11 Jun BD) cecceccccccereeeee

Arrival of Korean Force, Presence of Korean Bases Reported
(THE DAILY NEWS, 13 Jun 85) ..cceeeeeeceeecenteeeeererees

Districts of Kanem, Lac Severely Affected by Drought
(INFO-TCHAD, 30 May 85) ccsssscceesescceeerereeeneserenes

-ac-

11

12

13

14

15

17

18

19



REORGANIZATION OF ENERGY FIRM ANNOUNCED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 8 Jun 85 p 2

[Text]

cSO:

THE Zambia Industrial and Mining Com-
pany (Zimco) is re-organising the Zambia Na+
tional Energy Corporation to ensure efficien-
cy and the continuous flow of oil, director-
general Mr James Mapoma said. in Lusaka

yesterday.

Mr Mapoma, who was
speaking in an inter-
view, said under the
new arrangement. the
ZNEC secretariat and
staff would fall directly
under the conglomerate
because the company
was vital in the energy
sector.

He said _reorganisa-
tion of the ZNEC which
was being done with the
help of the Ministry of
Finance, Bank of Zam-
bia and the Ministry of

3400/583

Power, Transport and
Communications had
reached an advanced
stage with consultations
being on a daily basis.

“National Energy is a.
very important company
in the energy sector
and requires direct
supervision.”” ot

‘Mr Mapoma said the
reorganisation of the
ZNEC was a continuous
one involving parasta-
tals aimed at . boosting
their performance.

Its reorganisation did
not imply that the cong-
lomerate was not sat
fied with the  per-
formance of the com-
pany previously.

The importance of

103

ZNEC lay in the fact that
it dealt with the Tazama
pipeline, refinery and
the supply of fuel and
its importation. ‘‘The
operations of National
nergy have been satis-
factory,"* he said.

On the takeover of the
Cold Storage Board of
Zambia by Zimco, Mr
Mapoma said this would
be done soon as the
conglomerate was now
looking into the internal’
organisation of the
board. .

He said the legal pro-
cess of the takeover
had already been fina-
lised and it would not
be long before the board
was taken over.

JPRS~SSA-85~066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA



peanuts sold abroad without anyone in the country becoming aware of it? If
those peanuts did not cross the frontiers, how can it be explained that they
could be ground by artisans? As long as these questions remain unanswered,
one is forced to believe that the Ministry of Rural Development's statistics
are false, and that peasants are going to be victims of an error they did not
commit.

New Peasants

In deciding to hand over free 60,000 tons of seeds to "good peasants" and to
sell 40,000 tons to bad peasants, (it is impossible to call them anything
else, if one follows Bator's logic) the state clearly shows that the Ministry
of Rural Development is correct in its estimates, and at the same time it
will deprive many peasants of seeds and, therefore, of a livehihood. On the
contrary, the state will be favoring the emergence of new peasants who have
nothing to do with real farmers, but who have a financial standing which
allows them to grab the seeds for sale and use peasants in want to till
fields not belonging to them. In brief, one will soon witness the
“peonization" of the rural world.

Furthermore, the state henceforth refuses to administer seeds, on the grounds
of making the peasants aware of their responsibilities. Let us ignore the
government's sudden discovery: it only became aware in 1985 that peasants
are not children. This decision by the state is a serious one. And it is
not surprising that during the socialist party's last National Council
meeting, certain voices were publicly raised to condemn this measure, which
had not been accompanied by any effort to prepare the peasant world to manage
its own seeds. At least, a step-by-step transitional period was needed to
make peasants better “aware of their responsibilities" in the matter of
seeds.

Consistent with the logic of the "peonization" of the peasant world and the
creation of a new class of dealers who enrich themselves without touching
either "hilaire" or "houe" [cultivating tools], Bator decided that henceforth
private businessmen would be able to buy up peasants’ harvests. For that, he
made explanations which have convinced no one in the country. One might even
wonder if he himself believes his own explanations. Bator considers that
this measure aims at breaking the state monopoly over peanut collections and
returning freedom to the peasants, who henceforth will have to face two
buyers. Since the price of peanuts is arbitrarily fixed by the state, this
justification does not stand up to any analysis. If the state wishes to
restore freedom to the peasants, then let it decide to let prices obey the
laws of the market. If the state itself fixes prices, it is useless if not
dangerous to permit private persons to enrich themselves at the peasants!
expense, since these dealers would then be able to sell, at their own price,
the collected peanuts to the oil mills, that is to say to the state. No one
can give an economic justification for such a manner of proceeding, firmly
condemned by the CNTS [National Confederation of Senegalese Workers] during
the National Council meeting.

The New Agricultural Policy is likely to create more problems than it solves.
Among other things, it no doubt will create a caste of parasites profiting
from the poverty of the rural world to fill up their own pockets. Well,
Bator Diop, whom does your NAP really benefit?

9772
CSO: = 3419/437

63



JPRS~SSA~85~-066
26 July 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

HOMOINE DISTRICT INTRODUCES FAMILY FARM PLANNING
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 31 May 85 p 2

[Text] Control of the production of the family sector has been introduced in
the district of Homoine for the first time, with the distribution of cards to
the peasants. The cards contain data on the production factors and equipment
distributed and the areas farmed. This method has made it possible to plan
the area to be cultivated in the family sector for the various crops during
this farm season, and to provide staffing for a considerable percentage of the
peasants in this district during the process.

The plan for the family sector for the 1984-1985 agricultural year called for
cultivation of an area of 6,776 hectares planted to various crops, in
Particular corn, peanuts, cassava, nhemba beans and rice. To date, the sector
has already planted an area of 11,106 hectares, or in other words, the plan
goal has been exceeded by more than 4,000 hectares. The cultivation of corn
alone accounts for an area in excess of 9,000 hectares.

According to a source at the district agricultural office in Homoine, the
prospects for the harvesting of crops in the first cycle, particularly corn,
are promising. However, he added that for the second cycle, because of the
lack of rainfall from March to date, the planting of the seeds for the planned
crops has not been possible. This problem affects not only the family sector,
but the state and cooperative sectors as well.

During the present farm season, direct aid to the organized family sector in
Chinjinguir was also initiated, with the distribution of 41 hectares of land
to an equal number of families.

This group of peasants is receiving direct technical aid and support in
production factors and equipment from the Provincial Cotton Enterprise. This
aid is being provided by Dutch technicians assigned to the farm project in
Chinjinguir. There are prospects for increasing that area during the next
farm season, with a view to benefitting a larger number of peasants.

The cooperative sector in the district of Homoine, which has six farm

cooperatives, has for its part planned to utilize an area of 629 hectares
during this farm season for various crops, mainly corn, cassava and nhemba

49



cancelled Zambia's debts
of Ki2_ million when
President Kaunda visited
that country. Zambia re-
ceives K43 million worth of
Swedish aid every year.

Dr Kaunga said the
celief was a further gesture
of Sweden’s interest in
Zambia's development and
an expression of confidence
in her leadership.

And the Canadian
government is to provide
Zambia with K31.5 million
aid during 1985/86 for
projects designed to
improve rural areas, create
more job opportunities and
increase food self-suffici-
ency, reports Zana. _ .

This is contained in a
paper from the Canadian

International Development
Agency (CIDA) on Cana-
da’s role in Zambia which
said Canadians were
helping §Zambia’s  short-
term food shortages and
assisting in its long-term
agricultural development.

CIDA is to provide K26.7
million to strengthen
agricultural planning in the
Ministry of Agriculture and
Water Development and
at the University of Zam-
bia’s school of agriculture
Canadian professors were
working with local instruc-
tors to improve agricultural
education.

The paper said research
was underway to develop
strains of rainfed wheat

Canada Defers Debt

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Jun 85 p 1

[Text]

CANADA has agreed to reschedule loans worth
K21 million as a sympathetic. gesture to
Zambia’s economic problems. ve 1

The loans were obtained

through the Canadian:

International _Develop-
ment Agency (CIDA), the
Export velopment
Corporation (EDC) and
the Canadian Wheat
Board (CWB). °

Of the total: amount re-
scheduled, about K14
million was a loan nego-
tiated between CWB and
Indeco in 1974 for the
supply of wheat to Zam-
bia.

Acting permanent  secre-
tary for the Ministry of
Finance and National
Commission for Develop-
ment Planning Mr Fred
Siame and Bank of Zam-
bia general manager Mr
Michael Mwape signed
for Zambia, while CWB
treasurer Mr David

cso: 3400/586

Olfert and Mr Craig
Turner, an economist for
Canadian International
Programmes signed for

-~Canada.

Mr Siame said in addition
to the rescheduling of the
loans. Canada " had
agreed to turn all aid
given to Zambia from
1984 onwards _ into
grants.

She had promised to help
Zambia with her balance
of payments problems.

Mr. Siame thanked the
Canadian government for
the gesture and hoped
that the country would
respond positively to
Zambia's requests
during the Paris Club
consultative meeting now
taking place in France.

98

JPRS~SSA~85~-066

26 July 1985

and should commercial
production Prove success-
ul, it would reduce costly
irrigation and the need for
imported wheat.

A major construction
Project was providing a
network of 84 storage sheds
for maize and fertiliser. It
would improve distribution,
reduce post-harvest losses
because of rain and pest
damage.
Since 1981, CIDA had
spent K60 million to con-
struct 500 km of feeder
roads. This had opened up
previously .._ inaccessible

nds and increased food
production by enabling
fishermen to get their
fish to market.

Mr Turner said while the

rescheduling of loans
was not a pleasant’ ex-
ercise, his government
and the CWB in parti-
cular appreciated pro-
blems Zambia = was
facing.

Meanwhile, Eastern Pro-

vince Member of the
Central Committee Mrs
Betty Chilunga has com-
mended the warm re-
lations existing between
Zambia and Italy, reports

a.
She was speaking in Chi-

pata when she inspected
31_ tractors and seven
gtinding mills loaned to
Zambia through the
Eastern Cooperative
Union by the Food and

Agriculture Organisation
(FAO). os paisa



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

GABON

ENCYCLOPEDIC SPIRIT PREVAILS AT BANTU CIVILIZATIONS CENTER

Dakar AFRICA in French May 85 pp 37-39
[article by Jean-Pierre Challard: "CICIBA: the Encyclopedic Spirit" ]

[Text] What an inspired idea! Using oil to smoothe the
path of culture! Some 7 billion CFA franes will be
earmarked for the Libreville International Center for Bantu
Civilizations!

The International Center for Bantu Civilizations [CICIBA] has grown since 8
Jan 1983, when ten ministers responded, in the names of their respective
countries, to the call of President Omar Bongo. In a marathon session as
exhausting for the organizers, the conference participants, and the artists as
it was for the reporters on hand, the top people at CICIBA packed a number of
events into a single fortnight (1 to 14 April 1985) in Libreville.

Following the three guidelines laid down earlier at the ministerial
eonference, CICIBA mounted a succession of international round tables on
migrations, the expansion and identity of Bantu culture, a biennial exhibition
of the plastic arts, a council of ministers, and, to top that off, an
administration meeting to adopt the center's 1986-1988 budget.

The three guidelines: Bantu cultural identity, conservation of the heritage,
and development of the culture's content, opened the door to every possible or
imaginable demonstration that had anything to do with the issue.

In any case, the round table sparkled with the variety of topics approached
and and with their fascinating treatment despite the technical nature of the
remarks the eminent university figures and research people offered their
audience. Africans, Americans, or Europeans, the participants spread out
before their audiences a vast panoply of knowledge about the Bantu world,
embracing the liveliest of disciplines.

Opening Day
The program had "forgotten" to include the law among the scheduled lectures,

but the African Jurists' Association (AJA), represented by Counsellors Benoit
Ngom (Senegal) and Maryse Issembe (Gabon), had a weather eye out for trouble.

23



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

CHAD

DISTRICTS OF KANEM, LAC SEVERELY AFFECTED BY DROUGHT

Ndjamena INFO-TCHAD in French 30 May 85 pp 2,3

[Text] The great drought that has settled over the entire country
has brought widespread suffering to the people of Kanem and Lac
districts. These two prefectures, referred to only yesterday with
envy and admiration as "islands of enduring prosperity," are pro-
strate today under the disastrous impact of this calamity. Famine
and exodus for Kanem, where the lush fields and fertile polders
have turned to dust, and increasingly severe food shortages for
Lac, were described as the administrative authorities reported to
the head of state during his recent trip through the region, and
their report was eloquent enough to attract his special attention.

"The Kamem you once knew, loved, and served with such skill is
now a mere shadow of its former self." That remark came from the
Prefect of Kanem, El hadj Ahmed Kochi, and it described very
concisely the tragedy that has struck the peoples in this region.
An area long famed for its cattle, Kanem is also, unfortunately,
located in the heart of the Chadian sahel. The climatic rigors
endemic to the region for more than a decade now, have already
turned this prefecture into a desolate wasteland, kept alive only
by humanitarian assistance from neighboring countries and from
international agencies. Even so, Kamen's potential, despite the
persistent lack of rainfall, is still great, from the agricultural
point of view. The president's presence in Mao was an invaluable
sounding-board for the prefect's recital of woes.

Topping the list, of course, was the long-standing plan to develop
the wadis in Kanem. There are 750 fertile and watered wadis al-
ready recorded throughout the region, to support a sweeping cam-
paign to make it self-sufficient in food. Yesterday, thanks to
Nature's bounty that made them temporarily unnecessary, these pro-
jects were gathering dust in bottom drawers. Today, though, they
are indispensable, a matter of life and death for the people of
Kanem. Out-of-season crops being grown now in dozens of wadis by
dint of jury-rigged pumping systems are a significant contribution
that absolutely must be encouraged and expanded. The president
took careful note of all these complaints, as he did of the need
to restore the cattle herds, more than 90 percent of which were
wiped out by the drought. Here, again, there is a project, one

19



NEW LAND LAW SCARES OFF FOREIGN INVESTMENT

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 Jun 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

THE Land Conversion of
Titles Amendment Act of
1985 has caused a stir
abroad and this may
discourage foreign invest-
ment in Zambia.

Lusaka businessman and
chairman of the Zambia In-
dustrial and Commercial
Association (Zincom) Mr

Vernon Mwaanga said this _

in a statement. released in
Lusaka yesterday after his
tour of Australia, Japan
and China.

The business community
in the three countries ex-
pressed concern over the
new law which restricted
land title for non-Zambians
to five years from 99-year
freehold tenure.

He had assured investors

3400/584

that the Zincom and the
Commercial Farmers
Bureau had made represen-
tations to the Government
with a view to obtaining
guidelines.

“The new Land Conver-

. Sion of Titles Amendment

Act of 1985 restricting land
title for non-Zambians to
five years from 99 Years
freehold which went
through Parliament in April
is causing alarm and raises
questions of incompatibility
because of Government’s
declared policy of inviting
foreign investment.””

There was widespread
criticism of the Industrial
Development Act of 1977
which was ‘‘too regulatory’?

There was concern about

the long time it took to

102

remit profit and expatriate
gratuities from Zambia and
the unpaid commercial
pipeline debt relating to
payment for goods which
Zambia had already obtain-
ed.

Although the Govern-
ment had embarked on a
successful rescheduling of
the public debt through the
Paris and the London
clubs, the payment of goods
which Zambia had consum-
ed was ‘‘ignored,”’

Mr Mwaanga stressed
that foreign investors
wanted a clear investment
code before they would take
a move.

He found a tremendous
“reservoir of goodwill” for
Zambia.

IJPRS~SSA~85~-066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA



JOINT YUGOSLAVIAN AGRICULTURAL PROJECT PROGRESSING

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 21 Jun 85 p 1

[Article by Albert Sam]

[Text]

A MULTI-MILLION cedi agricultural and process-
ing complex aimed at making maximum use of the
large tracts of virgin lands lying fallow at the
Drobonso area of the Afram Plains in Ashanti has
taken off.

‘The complex which has been established under a
Ghana-Yugoslay government protocol agreement is a
joint venture between the Social Sect Bank (SSB)
and the Kumawu ‘Traditional Council assisted by a

‘ tof
developed under the pilot programme has b
and an estimated yield of 15,000 maxi bags

5(X) maxi bags of soya beans are expected when har-

ing begins in mid-july this year,

This was disclosed by Mr K..K. Kwayie
Director of the Kumawtiman Industrial Farm Complex
when he conducted delegations of the Board of Directors
of SSB and of the complex round the cultivated and

developed land on
Wednesday.

Mr Kwayie announced
‘that out of the total ae-
quired land of 10,000 hee-
jtares, 5,000 would be
‘cropped with maize, soya
beans, groundnuts, and
sunflower, the produce “of
which. will be processed
into edible oil.

He stated that at full
production the crops are
expected to yield between
15,000 to 20,000 metric
tonnes yearly ‘and said re-
sidue from the processed
oil will be used as a base for
animal feed both for feed
ing animals on the complex
and for sale to the public.

cso: 3400/573

Also poultry ant
stock are to be established
and this will include an
initial cattle ranch of »
cattle and piggery of
sows and a poultry of one
million broilers.

Products from the ranch
will be processed into
butter and cheese while a
slaughter house where the
pigs and the broilers would
be dressed for sale and
hatchery are also to be
established at the complex.

‘The Board members also
inspected work on a C7
ion dam being cons-
ed on River Wiribong

31

JPRS-SSA~85-066
26 July 1985

GHANA



JPRS~SSA~85~-066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA

AIR FORCE ALERTED TO POSSIBLE AIR ATTACKS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 8 Jun 85 p 1

THE Zambia Air Force has
been urged to be alert and
vigilant at all times.

Ministry of Defence per-
manent secretary Mr Phi-
neas Musukwa who made
the call in Lusaka yesterday
urged the force to engage
skilled and qualified per-
sonnel to run its expensive
and sophisticated equip-
ment. .

Speaking at a pass-out
parade of officers who quali-
field for the first flying in-
structors’ course at the
ZAF base in Lusaka, Mr
Musukwa said the military
and political situation pre-
vailing in the region. was
volatile and demanded that
the air force as a wing of
the defence force was ready
to defend Zambia.

“As you are aware the
Party and its Government
is, as a matter of principle,
committed to the total
liberation of Namibia and
the end of apartheid in
South Africa. The struggle
by our brothers and sisters
in these countries is a just
cone and so we have to sup-
port it."”

The air force had an in-
escapable duty to defend
Zambia against enemy air
attacks and to achieve that
objective pilots must fly
their aircraft proficiently,
skilfully and confidently.

It must ensure that cadet
pilots attained high flying
professional standards.

ZAF was equipped with
expensive and sophisticat-
ed equipment: and re-
quired well-trained and

skilled manpower to
operate and maintain it.

“IT would — therefore
emphasise the need for all
personnel to look after this
equipment with utmost
care."

Mr Musukwa hailed the
force for answering the call
by the Party and its Gov-
ernment to localise the
training of officers to con-
serve the scarce foreign ex-
change.

Earlier ZAF commander
Major-General Hannaniah
Lungu said although his
wing had decided to loca-
lise training of instructors
that was not at the expense
of standards.

Gen Lungu said the idea
was to reduce the nation's
foreign exchange bill while
maintaning standards.

The localisation of train-
ing had enabled the force
to increase its number of
training manpower.

He urged the graduating
officers to -exercise high
standards of discipline to
enhance professionalism.

Gen Lungu said the
majority of the aviation
accidents was caused by
pilots error and indiscipline
and urged the officers to
desist from the practice to
experiment on new deve-
lopments.

The instructors must fly
and instruct alongside the
established procedures and
be loyal to the force and
the nation.

“We must uphold the
high standards now obtain-
ing in the air force."”

112



Workers' Combat Training

Also during his visit to the district of Lucheringo, the Niassa provincial
military commander presided at the ceremony concluding yet another course in
political-combat training, in which several dozen workers and residents of the
district capital participated.

At the ceremony, Colonel Goi-Goi explained the tasks of a combatant in the
People's Republic of Mozambique, stating that in addition to the defense of
the fatherland, a soldier must also be a vanguard combatant in the struggle
against shortages of food and clothing.

In this connection he suggested that in addition to liquidating the armed
bands, crop production and small animal raising should be introduced in all of
the military units in the province.

Another suggestion made by the Niassa provincial military commander had to do
with the need to promote greater harmony and understanding in the relations
between soldiers and the population.

At a later meeting with a group of veteran soldiers also stationed in
Lucheringo, Colonel Goi-Goi again stressed this matter of relations with the
people, also noting the need for this group of veterans of the armed national
liberation struggle to commit themselves increasingly to the present effort to
implement the decisions of the Fourth FRELIMO Party Congress, particularly
those pertaining to the defense of the fatherland and ending shortages of food
and clothing.

The second secretary of the Provincial Committee of the FRELIMO Party and
Niassa provincial military commander was accompanied during his visit to
Lucheringo by Fernando Jorge and Antonio Cosme Nkuthcend je, the provincial
committee secretaries for mobilization and defense, respectively.

5157
CSO: = 3442/310

55



HEAVY RAINS LEAVE LUANO VILLAGERS FACING HUNGER

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 27 Jun 85 p 1

{Text] MORE than 9,000 people in Luano Valley in Mkushi dis-
trict are starving and many.lives may be lost if relief
food is not delivered to the area immediately.
Mkushi district governor, Mr Willard Ntalasha said
yesterday that the hunger which was caused by the des-
truction of crops by heavy rains has reached alarming pro-
portions, “
Outside donors have been unable to provide relief food
supplies to Luano Valley because they did not have the
correct figures of the population of people.

- The situation has been aggravated by bad roads which
made relief supplies difficult to reach the area as only four
wheel drive vehicles can reachit, |: :

Recently officials from the office of the Member of the
Central Committee were in Luano Valley for a census of
the starving people in Luano Valley. .
And an epidemic of diarrhoea may break out in some
parts of Se West where some villagers have to draw
untreated water. |
Health Assistant in-charge of Mutomena Rural Health
centre Mr Joseph Simutowe said villagers were forced to
draw water from unhygienic holes because of insufficient
wells in the area. :

He pointed out that
work had not yet started
on the 13 wells which
NORAD (Norwegian
International | Develop-
ment Agency) intended to
sink some time last year.

Mr Simutowe said beca-
use of the critical situation,
villagers were ready to
provide labour if materials
and technical advice were
offered.

He noted that the villa-
ges facing water problems
were Mulele, Ngombe,
Eivandamo _apqenqnbee,
unung’unu, —ZANATAS .

CSO; 3400/582

109

JPRS~SSA~85-066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA



Dr Mulder declared. Why must a Non-White appear in every advertisement on SABC-
TV? TV-1 must be given back to the Whites, for it belongs to them.

The responsible minister, Mr Pik Botha, says that TV-1 belongs to Whites, Col-
oreds and Indians. If that is the case, the day is no longer far off when Mo-
hammedan priests will be performing religious services on this channel.

Dr Mulder also said that the Whites are weary of Mr P.W. Botha, who is collabo-
rating more and more with the communists and leaving people in the lurch to
whom South Africa formerly gave aid. It is no longer a secret, said Dr Mulder,
that when he was in the cabinet, RENAMO [expansion unknown] and UNITA were not
only being provided with weapons, but members of those movements were also made
privy to secrets by South Africa.

Now the government makes agreements with the communists, however, and anti-
communist forces have become its enemies.

8117
CSO: 3401/233

73



Father Joseph Cornet, who is regarded as the final authority in matters of
African art, focused his remarks on art in Bantu culture, with a modest
excursion into "black art," a term that has been incorrectly used to refer to
a whole range of artistic expression that display only a semblance of
likeness.

He also sounded the alarm: Africa's heritage is being scandalously plundered
and measures to preserve it must be taken forthwith. This honorable concern
dovetails perfectly with the protective views of CICIBA's founders, as we all
know.

Elegant, slender, silver-haired, Susan Vogel needed no microphone to express
her point of view. As director of the Museum of African Art in New York, she
told us that Bantu art accounts for almost half of all African art, worldwide.
The varieties of form, style, and materials constitute an inestimable treasury
and the collection from the Paris Musee de 1'Homme has enchanted the American
public in New York as well as in Washington.

The United States public delights in African art for the simple reason that
some of its people have roots on the dark continent. Will Madame Susan Vogel
help CICIBA to find an outlet in the United States for distributing its
cultural products, and meantime seek public and private financial backing?

Is it easy to raise funds in the United States for the arts? It can be done,
but it is not easy, she says with a smile; the main thing is to show people
that you can cope with any eventuality. Her arts center flourishes, thanks to
donations from members ranging from $35 a year to gifts of $7,000!

As a member of the selection committee, Susan Vogel, along with Fr Cornet and
Equatorial Guinean Minister Leandro Mbomio Nsue, did the first selection for
hanging the paintings to be shown at the biennial. Next, by another jury, the
three or four winners whose paintings or sculpture would be shown to represent
each of the member nations of CICIBA (Angola, Central Africa, Comores, Gabon,
Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Sao-Tome Principe, Zaire, and Zambia), were
selected.

The prizes were richly endowed by President Omar Bongo -- whose son, Ali, was
guest of honor at the unveiling of the pictures -- by CICIBA and by Elf-Gabon,
not to mention a plane ticket donated by the French Air Transport Union
Company.

Circulating among the political dignitaries, the symposium speakers, and the
artists was a little group of Angolan musicians known as the "kikutix," that
got together in Luanda on 13 May 1980, and right now was making a joyful noise
to enchant all who heard them. Playing on the bass drum (ngoma), hungu,
kissandji, puita, kikakoi and kakoxi, they added an original musical fillip to
the proceedings.

On the statutory side, the symposium that took place during the biennial
proved the occasion for forming the Bantu Artists' Professional Association
(APAB). That birthday fits right in with the concern over rehabilitation and
restoration of Bantu art in the signatory countries.

25



The troops sent in to the black residential districts had stickers that read:
“Trust me, I am your friend." The camaraderie that reigned there between the
troops and the Blacks--a conviviality, a friendship and even a joint partici-
pation in games--these are facts, too, but no one wants to recognize them, no
one wants to photograph or write about them.

The card I gave to the troops sent in to the black residential districts I
closed with the words: "I trust you," and I followed it up with a second card
which I closed with the words: "You have not disappointed my trust."

[Question] How do you feel about a professional army?

[answer] The Geldenhuys committee is now hearing evidence on the question of
a smaller and more cost-effective army, and that evidence is now being evalua-
ted.

Dad's Army .
[Question] The so-called "Dad's Army" in which white males between the ages
of 40 and 55 can be called to serve, is very controversial. I understand that
in the East Cape this operation is now starting up. In an article in this pub-
lication Andre Brink writes that he would refuse to pay attention to such a
call-up. They would have to take up arms now--even though it is clearly only
to stand around holding them. Many Blacks would inevitably think that the
Whites were taking up arms against them.

[Answer] No, you must see the matter in this way. In most countries with com-
pulsory military service you have a total system of compulsory military service.
With us it was originally only Whites who were subject to the draft, and for
the most part, it affected only this one group. No one wants to be faced in-
cessantly and annually with an alteration and an extension of the national de-
fense law. What the new law has done is this: it has made all Whites up to age
55 subject to the draft. So that if you want to use someone between 40 and 55
for 10 or 15 or 30 years, you need not make a new law; the present one allows
you to use him. That is all. There is no crisis requiring the new law. If a
crisis were to occur, we would have implemented the law to its fullest extent
in each case, for we have the power to do so.

The law gives us the necessary power only when and if there is a situation in
which men are needed. In our application of the law we asked: What are the
high priority areas? And according to those priorities we began to work, hav-
ing the men register by districts, then calling up a very small percentage of
them. They are then integrated with existing units, chiefly commando units.

Let us now consider a border area, Messina, for example. Say now that ANC in-
filtration is taking place. The commanding officer of the district may find
that after he has called up all the draftees and commando units, he still has
too few men to protect key points. He can then go look at the manpower the
new legislation makes available from the 40-to-55 age group. Say now that

3 000 men are available; then the commanding officer can choose 18 or 20 of
them for integration with the Messina commandoes. We now have designated pri-
ority areas, and we are systematically moving from one priority area to another
and integrating 30 or 40 or 50 men--it differs from district to district. We

91



Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 2 Jun 85 p 15

“they were to meet at the so-

called “outstanding point” to
pick-up the emergency pack.
They would also radio their
base and agents would meet
them at*Lake Livobo to ar- «
range their exfiltration through -
Zaire. . .

New Light Cast

[Article by Brendan Nicholson, NEWS Editor]

[Text]

IN 1981 Mr Graham MacIntosh,
MP, was lambasted in Parlia-
ment and dubbed a “traitor”
for suggesting that South Afri-
- ca was supporting the rebel
-Renamo in Mozambique.
Amid a flood of indignant of-

ficial denials he finally apolo- =

gised to the House and retract-
ed his accusation.

Now Foreign Minister Pik
‘Botha has confirmed that “we
helped Renamo” because Mo-
zambique was aiding the ANC.

Mr Botha’s admission may

cast new light on a number of |

mysterious incidents around
‘Southern Africa in recent years
that were blamed on the SADF
at the time and hotly denied by
Pretoria.

For nearly a decade South
Africa’s neighbours have re-

peat
edly alleged that the SADF was
helping various anti-govern-
ment guerilla groups or carry-
ing out clandestine operations.
The SADF has consistently
denied claims that it sabotaged
the economic infrastructures of

black Southern African nations, |

but generally made no secret ‘

of its operations against gueril
las outside South Africa’s bor-
ders. .

In one such operation in Jan
uary 1981 a force of South Afri-
can commandos drove into Mo-
zambique in trucks painted in
camouflage similar to that of
the Frelimo forces and at-
tacked three houses. occupied

by members of the African Na-
\tional Congress of South Afri-
ca.

They killed 12 ANC members
and captured at least three.

One dead South African was
left behind at a target house
and the body of a second was
brought back to: South Africa
when the unit withdrew.

The SADF members killed

were Sergeant Robert Lewis"

Hutchinson (24), a Briton, and
Sergeant Ian Suttill (32), of
Natal.

The SADF admitted strikes

in Maputo twice more and said *

that on each occasion the ANC
had been the target.

On May 23, 1983, SAAF jets
attacked buildings in the sub-
urbs of Matola and Liberdade,
and on October 17 the same

“year a “special task group”
placed a bomb which blew in
the roof of an ANC office near
President Samora Machel’s
home. :

Pretoria would not reveal
then how the raiders had
reached their target.

On. several other occasions
Pretoria dismissed internation-
al claims that SADF personnel
had been involved in attacks
clearly directed at the trans-
port links and facilities of its
neighbours.

In October, 1981, a white
man was blown to pieces when
a Mozambican army’ patrol
surprised a group setting ex-
plosives on the Beira-Mutare

JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

(then Umtali) railway line at
Doeroi. -

The explosives detonated. in
the fracas and the Mozambican
Government was left to display
an ear, the trunk of a white
body, scraps of hair and scalp
and part of what turned out to
be a manuscript for a book
about the violence in Northern
Ireland. .

Mozambique claimed one
white and three black South
African soldiers from a “spe-
cialist unit trained in the use of
explosives” had been killed.

The SADF dismissed the
claims as “pure propaganda”.
However, it later issued a
bland statement to the effect
that a Lieutenant Alan Gingles
“was killed in action against
terrorists in the operational
area”.

A lengthy investigation by
The Observer newspaper even-
tually linked ‘the ear and the

; handwriting in the manuscript

to Lt Gingles, who turned out
to have been an Ulster-born,
Sandhurst-trained former
member of the British Army
who had served in the Rhode-
sian Light Infantry before join-
ing the SADF.

The Observer said he had

+ been involved in South Africa’s

“secret war” against its neigh-
bours. :

Pointing out that Lt Gingles
had been operating 460 km
from South African soil, the

* newspaper said the raid was



TRANSKEL TRADE MISSION IN ISRAEL

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 11 Jun 85 p 2

[Text]

UMTATA — The Govern-
ment of Transkei has
established a trade mis-
sion known as Transkei
Trade Development Li-
mited, in Israel, the
Minister of Foreign
Affairs, Mr M. Lujabe,
announced here
yesterday.

He was addressing the
National Assembly dur-
ing his policy speech.

Mr Lujabe also
announced that_a pre-
sence in both England
and France was also
being contemplated.

‘ “To the extent that
overseas business orga-
nisations and investors
put their business in-

cso: 3400/575

terests first, we must ex-
ploit available opportu-
nities to sell our invest-
ment potential with the
view to extracting the
best advantage for our
economy.

“Increased overseas
activity will undoubted.
ly increase our manpot
er needs and the corre
ponding financial de-
mands,” the minister
said,

He said the country
had been endeavouring,
with gravely limited
material and human re-
sources, to present
Transkei’s case.

@ Transkei should
emphasise a federal
arrangement based on

equitable, geographical.
non-ethnic and non-
racial divisions as basic
political entities in the

federal structure and a
central government
where there would be
meaningful power-
sharing, Mr Lujabe said.

He also said in his
policy speech that socio-
economic relations in
Southern Africa had de-
veloped irreversibly to a
level where the irration-
al philosophy of apar-
theid could not be sus-
tained. .

He said the thirst for
freedom and the move to
restructure the region’s
social order in such a
way that the legitimate
aspirations of blacks

74

JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

could be satisfied, had
weakened the defence of
the system and inspired
a new awareness among
all people. .

Mr Lujabe said Trans-
kei welcomed Mr P. W. {
Botha’s denunciation of
apartheid and ecour-’
aged his efforts to
embark on a reform
course away from apar-
theid. , .

“We see in it a gleam
of hope that the South
African society may yet
be redeemed from the .
dark ages, steered away ‘
from a bloody confronta- ©
tion course and see the
light of hope, prosperit;
and happiness for all,”
Mr Lujabe said. ,



JPRS=SSA~85~-066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

METTLER OF DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH OUTLINES GOALS OF 'REFORUM'
Johannesburg DIE VOLKSLBAD in Afrikaans 10 Apr 85 p 9
[Report by "Own Correspondent": "Tension Almost at Breakpoint"]

[Text] Cape Town--Political and religious tension in South Africa has
almost reached the breakpoint. "Unless something drastic happens, it
may be that boys and girls from all our communities will become cannon
fodder, and the church will also be a guilty party in the ploodstained
quarrel because we allowed ourselves the luxury of silence."

Rev Jan Mettler, minister of the Mitchell's Plain Dutch Reformed Mission
and a director of Reforum, a discussion group within the Dutch Reformed
Church family, has set out Reforum's goals at Bellville's circle of
ministers. He made a strong plea for reconciliation between members of
the Dutch Reformed Church family in particular and the church in general.

"Death Path'

The path of reconciliation is not an easy one in South Africa today. It
can even be a "death path," he said.

“our politically polarized society can only be defused if stronger
leadership comes from the churches. As far as the Afrikaans churches,
namely the Dutch Reformed family, are concerned, it will be necessary
to work with greater conviction for a single church organization on
the congregational level in order to give the political institutions
biblical guidelines coming from one church."

He is tired of what happened at Langa, near Uitenhage, when 19 people
were shot dead by the South African Police. "T am tired of the method
of violence by which people try to accomplish things--that they could
also have achieved another way."

Reform is an alternative way of defusing the political conflict and
violence under the aegis of the church, he said.

80



VIOONV

een’

wy 004
VISIWYN

“ WIOONV

vouvan

i



ISRAELI POINTS TO HIGH AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 Jun 85 p 4

[Text]

cSO:

ZAMBIAN farmers are
capable of achieving high
ylelds of agricultural pro-
duce for export with
proper management of
soil and irrigation systems,
an Israeli economist and
farmer Mr Or Uri has
said.

He was speaking after a
film show on farming
techniques organised for
farmers at Curray Farms
in Lusaka’s Makeni area.

Mr Uri said it was .

possible to harvest 250
tonnes of tomatoes per
hectare in Zambia because
the country has good con-
ditions for growing vari-
ous cash crops.

Farms in Israel were

established in rocky areas
but despite this their yields
were good.
The Israeli farmer
whose visit is under the
auspices of Curray Farms
said the drip irrigation
system invented by Israel
20 years ago was ideal for
Zambia as its watering of
crops was more effective
than the overhead sprin-
kler system. .

The drip irrigation sys-
tem irrigated fields effec-
tively as it emited water

3400/582

spurts on concentrated
sports of farmland.

‘Mr Urisaid the Netafim
Company who were the
originators of drip system
had continued to intro-
duce the technique for both
large and small plots.

“Our conditions are .

very bad compared to
those of Zambia, but we
have achieved high yields
of high quality and I think

108

JPRS~SSA~85~-066

26 July 1985

Zambian farmers are also

succeed with the Netafim
irrigation equipment,
adding that the applica-
tion of nutrients through
the drip irrigation system
was the most efficient
method of fertilisation.

The Israeli agricultural
expert will move on to
Malawi as part of his
African tour.

ZAMBIA



CSO:

3400/575

was voluntary — for those
tenants who wanted land of
their own.

Quoting the Surplus Peo-
ples Project report, an au-
thoritative catalogue of
resettlements and threat-
ened resettlements, Mr
Pinnock said in December
1981, a Whittlesea magis-
trate, an official of Ciskei,
visited the area and noti-
fied the community of their
intended removal, al-
though he did not say when
or to where.

When the people ob-
jected, the magistrate re-
portedly responded: “This
notice does not require an
answer” and left.

Mr Pinnock said the area
in the Hewu district of Cis-
kei to which the commu-
nity was threatened with
removal, was known as
Dongwe. It was something
of a “showpiece”, com-
pared with other removal
areas in Hewu, like
Thornhill and Oxton.

The “fancy urban-type

- houses in the middle of no-

where” were each built ata
cost of R3500 and had in-
side toilets and running
water from a nearby dam.

He said it was planned
that 10 000 such units would
be built to accomodate
people being moved from

esseyton and another
area, Goshen. Their rentals
“pre-suppose urban in-
comes”.

However, he said, were
the community to be
resettled there, they would
struggle financially, be-
cause rental on the houses
provided would cost far
more than they are cur-

78

rently paying.

The Hewu area, he said,
was situated in a great
bow! between mountains
and was not good ground
for farming. It currently
housed about 100 000
people, he said.

There was virtually no
ground cover in this over-
grazed area and in times of
drought when the wind
blew it became a dust bowl.

He added that whereas
at the moment Lesseyton
was a dormitory commu-
nity, close to Queenstown,
the resettlement area was
some 40 to 50 kilometres
from the town and he won-
dered how the people
would manage to get to
their places of employment
there.

Discussing the impact of
such a move, he said he
feared that the people of
Lesseyton, “a well estab-
lished mission station, with
nice fields, vegetable gar-
dens, a mission church, old
stone buildings and even
the odd ox-wagon in some
gardens”, would be “com-
pletely devastated”.

“They will be expected
to survive by subsistence
farming on rock and sand
and little water,” he said.

Describing population
removals as “soft murder”,
Mr Pinnock said the num-
ber of deaths, particularly
among elderly people of
whom there were many in
such areas, was “stunning”.

“People die from the ef-
fort, disappointment and
distress.”



GOVERNMENT TO INVESTIGATE MINER'S STRIKE

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 14 Jun 85 p 5

[Text]

cso:

3400/583

THE Government has
launched a probe into
causes of the recent seven-
day strike on the Copper-
belt in which more than
4.000 miners have been
sacked over the Mukuba
pension scheme.

Acting Minister of
Labour and Social Services
Mr Clement Mwananshiku
who said this in Lusaka
yesterday added that. the
Government would make
its stand known over the
dismissals after a report
had been submitted.

Mr Mwananshiku who is
Minister of Health made
the remarks when asked to
comment on a call by the
Zambia Congress of Trade
Unions (ZCTU) to appoint
an independent committee
of inquiry to study the
miners’ grievances.

ZCTU acting general
secretary Mr  Chitalu
Sampa said in Kitwe on
Wednesday that the Zam-

bia Consolidated Copper
Mines (ZCCM) was wrong
to sack the miners without
establishing whether the
Mukuba pension scheme
over which they were fired
had been widely accepted
by them.

But Mr Mvwananshiku
said he could not comment
on the ZCTU call because
no official: approach’ had
been made by the labour
movement to the Govern-
ment.

. We are still waiting for
the ZCTU to approach us.
Until we get that official
approach we cannot react to
their call,"" he said.

. The ZCTU executive
committee is to hold a
meeting soon to discuss the
dismissals.

In Kitwe MUZ held an

emergency supreme coun-
cil meeting yesterday.
+ Sources said the talks
centred on the miners’
strike and the fate of the
sacked workers.

104

JPRS~SSA~85-066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA



tion has been created in SWA. We have come closer to an internationally accept-
able solution. I also want to say that SWAPO is becoming weaker and weaker--it
now returns with 50 percent fewer men than seven years ago.

Domestic Disturbances

[Question] During the disturbances in Vaaldriehoek, the army rendered large-
scale assistance to the police in a supportive capacity. Troops were also
brought in during the East Cape disturbances. Does this mean that police can-
not handle disturbances by themselves any more, and that the army has to be
called in? Does it not mean that we are already in a state of civil war?

[Answer] I should say that there is no question of civil war in our country.
T£ you want to know whether the Vaaldriehoek police did not have the manpower
to handle the affair, you should approach the police commissioner there. At
any rate, too much must not be read into the army's presence in this case.

The army was also present at the disturbances after Sharpeville in 1960-61, in
Pondoland in 1963 and in the residential districts of SWA. Outside of South
Africa we see that the British army is very much involved in Northern Ireland,
and that in the United States there is no hesitation in dispatching federal
troops immediately and swiftly in domestic riot situations. In none of these
cases are these actions regarded as meaningful trend indicators.

In South Africa we train our men to be able to act in domestic riot situations.
We see it this way: the police do the work for which they are specialized, and
the army comes in whenever additional manpower is needed to stabilize a dis-
trict.

[Question] What were the instructions given to the troops who were sent in to
the black residential districts in Vaaldriehoek? To be specific, did they have
bullets in their guns? What are they expected to do when rioters begin to
throw rocks?

[Answer] Let me say this: If a soldier carries a gun, he normally has bullets
in the gun or on his person. I should surmise that they had ammunition. I
should say that they had to have it, since they cannot remain without bullets
in a situation capable of exploding at any moment. They need the ammunition
for self-defense.

[Question] What was the extent of army involvement in the handling of the dis-
turbances?

[Answer] By the end of the year we were involved in the East Rand, the West
Rand, in Johannesburg, Sharpeville and other places whose names I cannot even
recall. We were involved in the eastern provinces. At Sebokeng there were
between 3 000 and 4 000 men all told. For that operation I designed a little
card that I drew up myself and that I had distributed to each company, to be
carried in each man's duffel bag. In it, I clearly stated that it was their
duty to protect the Blacks who were not involved in the riot. They had to give
protection to those who did not want to be at a protest or a school strike. On
the card I also stated very explicitly: they must be friendly and courteous.

We are not dealing with ringleaders, we are not tracking them down--this the
police must do. Our task is rather to protect those who are not involved in

89



This course, the second of its kind, was attended by the administrators of the
districts of Chiure, in Cabo Delgado; Lichinga and Luchesingo, in Niassa;
Chiuta and Mutarara, in Tete; Inharrime, Zavala, Vilanculo and Govuro, in
Inhambane; and Xai-Xai and Belene-Macia, in Gaza.

An administrator from the locality of Inhassoro in Inhambane and a member of
the Cabo Delgado Provincial Committee also took the course.

According to Agrarian Training Center director Rui Ribeiro Nazare, the
participants had completed the seventh or eighth grade, as to academic
schooling, and the average age was 36. In addition to the center's director,
school monitors and five technicians from the Ministry of Agriculture provided
instruction.

Speaking about the curriculum offered over a 90-day period, the director of
the Agrarian Training Center said that it dealt with human diet and nutrition,
natural resources, farm technology and the planning and organization of
agriculture, among other things.

There were three stages to the course. The first involved instruction in
basic subjects and the second, practical work at the Kenneth Kaunda
Cooperative. During the third phase, the subjects were pursued in greater
depth and a final assessment was made.

The course was based on a definition of the real situation in the
participating districts, and the practical work was supplemented by
theoretical efforts in which the reality and practice were related, Rui Nazare
said.

Stating that the participants finished the course with a higher level of
knowledge, the director added that in addition to giving them valuable
experience, the course made it clear that rural development is complex and
does not involve agriculture alone.

Rui Ribeiro Nazare also said that the course for administrators showed that
agricultural work is difficult and scientific agriculture is even more
difficult, for which reason effort will be put forth to organize future
courses at the center.

5157
CSO: 3342/312

57



The new health cadres swore an oath during the ceremony and also voiced their
determination to contribute to the improvement of health services in the
country.

Inusso Nuro Mahamad, national director of human resources at the Ministry of
Health, said in his address during the ceremony that the professional careers
of the new graduates should be characterized by courtesy, delicacy and
humanity in their treatment of patients.

In connection with the students still in training at the Maputo Health
Sciences Institute, this official recommended the organization of sessions to
study the speech delivered by President Samora Machel at the conclusion of
Youth Week and the document on the subject "School as a Basis for the Winning
of Power by the People."

On the other hand, Inusso Mahamad urged the party cell to direct and organize
the OJM [Mozambique Youth Organization] at the institute with a view to the
establishment of dance, music and literary clubs to provide for the recreation
and general cultural development of the young people.

5157
CSO: = 3442/312

53



JOURNALIST VISITS, DESCRIBES LUANDA

Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 12 Jun 85

{Article by Patrick Reyna]

{Text]

ALTHOUGH the work-
ings of the Government of
Angola remain a well-
kept secret from the rare
Western visitor, there is
little mystery about what
the African nation’s
Soviet-supplied air force
looks like.

Antonov-26s, used to
ferry small contingents of
troops, officials or equip-
ment, and huge, lumber-
ing Antonov-128 taxi
about the runway of
Luanda’s 4th of February
airport as MiG fighters
scream past overhead.

“The military isn’t very
happy about this,” official
guide Mrs Katia Airola
acknowledges. “But that’s
how the Portuguese built
the airport — the military
runway right alongside
the civilian part.”

It will be 10 years in
July since Portugal relin-
quished control over
Angola after nearly five
centuries of colonisation
and 13 years of bitter
warfare.

Mrs Airola, a 54-year-
old Finnish woman di-
vorced from a Portu-
guese, chose to remain in
Angola with her children
after independence. She
now works for the Minis-
try of Information and_
has Angolan citizenship.

Although the war ended
for Portugal, it has never
stopped for the Marxist-
inspired Government of
the People’s Movement of
Angolan Liberation which
continues to fight guerril-
Jas of the National Union
for the Total Indepen-
dence of Angola.

The reality of all the
years of warfare is under-
lined by the omnipresence
of the military and be-
comes apparent in an-
other way upon entering
Luanda, a city of 1,5 mil-
lion.

From the air the for-
mer jewel of Portugal’s
African empire is a city of
tall buildings whose
gleaming whiteness con-
trasts with the ochre-
coloured earth and the
deep blue Atlantic Ocean.

On the ground, city
streets have taken a dec-
ade of wear and tear with
no upkeep since the mas-
sive Portuguese depar-
ture. The city’s 1975 popu-
lation is estimated to
have tripled.

Rubbish remains
uncollected in the streets
as special trucks im-
ported several years ago
sit idly by for want of
spare parts for which

__ there is no hard currency.
~-Half-finished shells of

15

p 10

apartment blocks aban-
doned by departing Por-
tuguese are everywhere.
On the corner of Avenida
Karl Marx and Rua Lenin
stands a burned-out build-
ing, apparently untouched
for years.

However, the city’s big
hotels are being ren-
ovated for the annual con-
ference in September of
heads of state of Portu-
gal's five former African
colonies.

The elegant Presidente,
a gleaming tower of steel
and glass, has already
been renovated and is
now under the manage-
ment of the French hotel
firm, Meridien.

As in most African
countries, the Angolans
are extremely sensitive
about photographs. Re-
porters were repeatedly
reminded to keep their
cameras in their bags.

But despite the prob-
lems and the decay, the
city throbs and bustles
with traffic and life —
and the traffic lights
work.

Mrs Airola explains
that people and cars are
valuable commodities
and said authorities crack

JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

ANGOLA



JPRS~SSA=85-066
26 July 1985

KENYA

KIILU URGES YOUTH WINGER SUPPORT IN FIGHTING CRIME

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 3 Jun 85 p 5

[Text] NANDI DC ,'Mr: Peter Kiilu The rally was also -addre’-

has called on Kanu youth
‘wingers to assist the police-in
combating - ‘crime’ and
cautioned them _ against
arrogating_themselves the
duties’ and powers of the
police force.

Speaking at Kipchoge
Stadium in Kapsabet town
after reading the presidential
speech, the DC said Kanu
youth wingérs should work in
conjunction with the law
enforcement agents in an
effort to mairitain peace. «=
« On the announcement by
President Moi of party
electiofs, Mr. Kiilu- urged
aspirants to. conduct

‘Ives peacefully in order
‘o maintain the good name of
thé district. : Be
“The DC also ‘called’ on the.
business fraternity-in the area’
to enhanct their businesses so
that goods. required for the
implementation of the district
focus for rural development
could be: ‘procured from
within, . .

sed by the ‘chairman’ of the
Kapsabet” Town Council,
Councillor Michael Rongoei,
Nandi County. Council vice-
chairman, Councillor Chris:
topher Koiyoki and the chair-
man.of the: Nandi branch of
the Kenya National’ Chamber.
of Comnierce and. Industry’
Mr.” Isaiah : - Kiplagat..
Meanwhile, the DC has
cautioned -civil servants in,
the area against engaging in
rumoutmongering and
gossip. oe
Speaking at a Madaraka
Day eve party-he hosted at’ his
residence, Kiilu “lanented
that of late some government
officers ‘had been drawn into
the habie of.; propagating
rumours, a” thing he: warned
indst stop.“ ° .
: Kiilu: singled Jout’ he
unfounded Tumour «on ‘the.
transfer. of civil servants to

and from the district. saying it

should cease. as transfer of
officers - was.’ a: “normal
goverment procedure. . KNA

44



our peoples and governments lead us to believe that in the coming years, it
will be even further improved and expanded to various sectors, particularly in
the economic area."

On the other hand, Ahmad Naghmeh stressed that his country values and supports
the efforts of Mozambique in its struggle for peace in southern Africa. He
later stated that Iran is on the same side as Mozambique because, among other
things, the RPM [People's Republic of Mozambique] condemns the apartheid
regime.

"Wwe had a refinery in South Africa, but with the Iranian revolution about T
years ago we realized that in fact the apartheid regime is inhuman, and for
that reason we closed the refinery and have abandoned ali of our economic
activities in the RSA [Republic of South Africa]," he said in conclusion.

5157
CSO: 3342/312

48



THREAT OF REMOVAL TO CISKEI FOR VILLAGE OF LESSEYTON

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 15 Jun 85 p 11

[Article by Kin Bentley]

[Text]

AN HISTORIC mission set-
tlement near Queenstown
is threatened with “re-
settlement” in rural Ciskei
— because it is “black”.

It appears that a deci-
sion made by the Minister
of Co-operation and Educa-
tion, Dr Gerrit Viljoen, in
February to suspend
forced population remov-
als until the Government
had reviewed its policy,
will not apply to Lesseyton.

This week, Dr Viljoen
told the House of Assembly
negotiations were under
way with the Ciskei Gov-
ernment about the resettle-
ment in the Whittlesea
North area of Ciskei of the
570 families the village of
Lesseyton.

The Minister was reply-
ing to a question by the
Conservative Party MP for
Kuruman, Mr Jan Hoon,

He said that following a
meeting with the Ciskei
Government, negotiations
would take place with the
community.

On May 8 this year, the
Deputy Minister of Co-
operation 'and Education,
Mr Sam de Beer, an-
nounced the lifting of a
freeze on development in
52 townships, signifying a
reprieve for many of them
of removal threats extend-
ing over the past 20 years.

The townships were all

within 50 kilometres of
homelands. About 600.000
people would be affected
and 76 000 homes saved by
the policy switch, Mr De
Beer said.

Questioned by the Even-
ing Post, a spokesman for
the department said the
future of Mgwali, another
“badly situated black spot”
like Lesseyton, and
Walmer Township in Port
Elizabeth, had “not yet
been decided”.

Despite assurances by
Dr Viljoen that no remov-
als would take place with-
out the agreement of the
community concerned, an
observer of removals in the
Eastern Cape says if the
resettlement of Lesseyton
is carried out “there could
be another Sharpville”.

The chairman of the
Grahamstown Rural Com-
mittee (GRC) which moni-
tors the Eastern Cape and
Border, Mr Don Pinnock,
said Lesseyton residents
expressed violent opposi-
tion to a move when he
visited the area recently.

Mr Pinnoek said he be-
lieved the reason the Gov-
ernment had chosen
Lesseyton was because the
people there had not organ-

ed themselves properly
to counter the removal
threat, apparently never
seriously expecting it
would occur.

77

JPRS-SSA-85-066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

The removal threat to
Mgwali, another historic
mission area in the “white
corridor” between Ciskei
and Transkei, has attracted
international attention and
was featured in the Ameri-
can ABC-TV programme,
Nightline, chaired by Ted
Koppel, which was also
seen in South Africa earlier
this year.

Mgwali residents have
conducted a sustained anti-
removal campaign in the
light of the threat.

Population removals
have been cited by the
American Chamber of
Commerce in South Africa
as one of the major issues
which give weight to the
disinvestment campaign in
the US.

Discussing the political
aspects of the Lesseyton
situation, Mr Pinnock said
if the normal pattern was
going to be followed, “pup-
pet chiefs” would be nego-
tiated with in order to ex-
pedite the removal.

There were 32 families
in the area with title deeds,
who lived in western-type
houses, The families’ occu-
pation of the land dated

back to the last century.
The remainder of the popu-
lation of 4.500 people were
tenants who lived in mud
houses.

He said initially it was
understood the removal



Apart from Unita the bush conference was
attended by representatives from: .

@ The Nicaraguan Democratic Force (FDN), the
Honduras-based rebel movement opposing the
Sandinista Government in Nicaragua.

@ The Afghanistan Mujahedin, who are fighting
Soviet occupying forces.

@The Ethnic Liberation Organisation of Laos
(ELOL) which is opposing the Moscow-backed
government in Laos.

No-one seemed able to work out exactly what
the ELOL delegation had to offer the congress
or what they stood to gain from it, in fact none
of the Press had heard of them before.

For the'most part, the three ELOL dele-
“gates — who landed in the middle of the Ango-
lan bush dressed in three-piece suits because
they thought the conference was to be held in
Johannesburg — seemed totally bewildered.

But the real victims of the conference were
the Afghans. They had attended to whip up sup-
port for their cause and instead found them-
selves being used to “legitimise” the claims of
the FDN and Unita to American support.

The CFA’s not-so-subtle attempts to place the
Afghan Mujahedin — who enjoy considerable US
sympathy for their plight — on an equal footing
with the Nicaraguan rebels and Unita, who
don't, did not go unnoticed by delegates or the
media. .

US President Ronald Reagan has been push-
ing hard against Congress for a military aid
package to the Contras in Nicaragua and he is
prohibited by the Clarke Amendment of 1976
from aiding Unita. He wants to aid both.

cso: 3400/589

If the Reagan-backed CFA can convince Cor-
Sress and more importantly, the American peo-
ple, that the Contras and Unita are as worthy 4
cause as the Mujahedin, they will have made
considerable progress towards both helping the
Contras and scrapping the Clarke Amendment.

From early on it was apparent that the CFA
and Unita were headed for a clash over how the
conference should be run. - . :

Things certainly got done only when Unita
was good and ready and, on more than one oc-
casion, CFA officials were in heated debate with
Unita officers about what was going to happen
and when. .

Unita made the most of the presence of over-
seas media and took their guests on tour after
tour which were designed as much to show
the world what they had, controlled and could
do as it was to enlighten their fellow “freedom
fighters”, ‘

At the end of it all, no-one seemed too sure
fractly what, if anything, had been achieved by

Inita.

The delegation from Laos wandered around
bewildered and confused, the Afghans took just
less than a day to realise they had been set up,
the Contras turned green with envy and be-
moaned the fact they were not even able to es-
tablish any kind of base in Nicaragua at all
while Unita crowed all the way to the interna-
tional exposure bank.

All this, while the CFA spent something in the
region of $250 000 (about R500 000) for very little
return.

Bungle in the jungle?

10



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

HEALTH SCIENCE CADRES GRADUATE AT MAPUTO INSTITUTE
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 27 May 85 p 5

[Text] Maputo--More than 140 new cadres in five branches of health care
graduated from the Health Sciences Institute in Maputo recently. They have
already been assigned to various health centers throughout the country,
particularly in rural zones.

Specifically, 38 A-category nurses, 26 pharmaceutical and 16 pediatric
technicians, and 28 preventive medicine and environmental health and 41 child
care workers graduated.

Their respective training courses were 2-3 years in length and included
theoretical and practical classes. The graduates completed integrated
apprenticeships in hospitals and health posts, accompanied by their monitors.

The courses began with a total of 259 students with a sixth-grade education,
but only 148 individuals completed the course. The remaining 110 were
dropped, some for school failure and others for disciplinary reasons.

DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE learned that generally speaking, the difficulties
encountered by the administrators of the five courses mentioned above were due
mainly to the low academic level of the candidates and a shortage of fuel for
the vehicles to transport students completing their apprenticeships.

Another problem encountered was the lack of adequate cooperation or
participation on the part of health professionals at the health centers where
the practical classes for the participants in the courses were held.

Closing Ceremony

"The defense of the fatherland comes above everything. Thus as young people
we will join the majority committed to the battle against the armed bandits,
so that peace and tranquility can prevail in our country very soon." This was
the gist of the joint message which was read on behalf of those completing the
course during the closing ceremony.

52



ZAMBIA

Party Leader Sees Danger in Increased Black Political Activity
(DIE AFRIKANER, 12 Jun 85) .evcecccccevccveccccccsccesenes

Transkei Trade Mission in Israel
(DAILY DISPATCH, 11 Jun 85) ..cccvecececccceccceecseeenees

Development Projects for Ciskei, Transkei Detailed
(DAILY DISPATCH, 10 Jun 85) ..sceeecsseccecceccccevcsecees

Threat of Removal to Ciskei for Village of Lesseyton
(Kin Bentley; WEEKEND POST, 15 Jun 85) ...cccceeceveceenee

PFP Position on Statement of Intentions Unchanged
(BEELD, 29 May 85) .eccececcececceceseeceecnteecsseneeeees

Mettler of Dutch Reformed Church Outlines Goals of 'Reforum'
(DIE VOLKSBLAD, 10 Apr 85) ..cceeccccccscccecvecveveeeeeee

Church Leader Potgieter Discusses Church Impasse
(DIE VOLKSBLAD, 12 Apr 85) .ccecesecsecccescescenceseeeeee

General Geldenhuys Comments on Role of Army in SWA
(Jannie Geldenhuys Interview; DIE SUID-AFRIKAAN, No 3, 1985)

Pretoria University Students in Strong Move to Right
(DIE AFRIKANER, 29 May 85) ..ceccccccccccccecereeeeetereee

Briefs
Large Attendance at AV Congress

Debt Rescheduling Announced
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, various dateS) ...... cece eee eee cece eeee

Japan Defers Debt
Sweden Defers Debt
Canada Defers Debt

Intensified Border Trade To Curb Smuggling
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 11 Jun 85) ..ccceceeceeesccececeeeseeene

Seed Trade With RSA, Southern States To Commence
(Dennis Kapata; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 20 Jun 85) .....eeeeeeees

New Land Law Scares Off Foreign Investment
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 24 Jun 85) ..cccccseeceeeceeeseceeeevens

Reorganization of Energy Firm Announced
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 8 Jun 85) ..csececeeeecccc cece eeceeeeeee

72

74

75

77

79

80

82

86

93

96

97
97

97
98

99

100

102



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

The Whites, on the other hand, contribute 8 100 million rands more than what
they receive in return. Of this, some 3 200 rands goes for purely non-white
affairs. The remaining 4 900 million rands, together with other state reve-
nue such as corporation taxes and customs and excise duties, are appropriated
for general affairs--from which Non-Whites also benefit.

Considering the present white population of 4.85 million, this means that every
white man, woman and child pays on the average some 656 rands a year as a sub-
sidy to the Non-Whites. This amount is above and beyond the 1 010 rands paid
by each White every year for general affairs.

In contrast to this, only 866 rands per White each year is spent on white af-
fairs. While the average white family of husband, wife and two children will
pay an average of about 10,200 rands in personal income taxes and GST, only
3 500 rands of that total is directly appropriated for their own use. About
4 000 rands will be spent on general affairs, while the rest--2 700 rands--
goes in direct subsidies to Non-Whites.

White Tax Contributions to Black States
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 12 Jun 85 p 10
[Article by Hannes Ferguson]

[Text] According to estimates, some 20 percent of the Whites’ tax contribu-
tions is spent on the black states [homelands, etc.] These contributions rep-
resent a sum of nearly 6 000 million rands, which is not directly productive.
In addition, the effectiveness of this financial aid is extremely uncertain.
In many cases the black states are bottomless pits.

Total financial aid to black states this year will amount to about 4 300 mil-
lion rands--14 percent of South Africa's total national budget of 31,292 mil-
lion rands. Direct grants in the form of transfers to the budgets of the black
states will amount to 2 300 million rands, the development of black states to
the point of self-government will cost a further 500 million rands, and the
consolidation of their districts will swallow up another 177 million rands.

In addition there is the transfer [of funds] to Botswana, Lesotho and Swazi-
land, under the terms of the customs union's joint incomes from import duties.
Out of a total customs duty revenue of 3 325 million rands in 1984-85, as much
as 1 160 million rands has been transferred to the black states. For 1985-86
the amount will increase to 1 300 million rands. In 1980-81 it was only 503
million rands.

Gifts

All told, the four independent states--Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Cis-
kei--will receive budgetary aid amounting to 1 002 million rands from the tax-
payers of South Africa, but in addition two more special grants are being made
to Ciskei and KwaNdebele, of which the amounts are not known.

69



Upshot: Prof Isaac Nguema, of Omar Bongo University, stepped into the breach
and, with only the occasional stumble, read their paper: "The fundamentals of
traditional law among Bantu peoples."

The speaker described the role of sorcerers in African societies, as well as
the ritual significance of circumcision, excision, of the ordeal, of twins,
and of slaves. He explained the proper meaning of initiation, of birth, of
marriage, and of the mourning retreat, tracing them back to the community
sources of the language, of the clan, of the tribe, and of the ethnic group.

Migrations, the major topic of the round table, were responses to
paleoclimatology, we learned. "Man as a rule prefers to travel the easiest
roads: the valleys, the navigable waterways, the open savannahs; he steers
clear of swampy regions, rugged hills, and dense forests."

These flows of small peoples, obedient at once to the pulse of the climate and
the crops, had been going on in Africa for at least 100,000 years among the
pre-Bantu or Bantu peoples. There were other factors at work as well in these
human displacements: the invaders and the slave-merchants from whose clutches
they had to flee.

In this context, the forest was an ideal refuge and in Latin America, in our
own time, the phenomenon is perpetuated after the pattern set by the long-
vanished Bantu peoples. Cutting roads through dense forest zones can disturb
the ecology and transform the way of life of these original inhabitants.

Grains are grown on the savannahs, while tubers grow faster in the forest
environment, said one speaker. There is one constant in all these practices:
slash-and-burn cropping, which sooner or later will trigger migration to fresh
lands.

In these traditional societies, they report, there is a natural division of
activities between the sexes: the women make the pots and the baskets; the
men do the smithing and the masonry. Bantu civilizations retain several
shared and unchanging practices, be they in farming or gathering, in hunting
or fishing, in mining or in getting salt -- that essential factor in the human
diet.

One speaker voiced his grief and sorrow at the increasingly swift
disappearance of his informants: the old people die, and their knowledge dies
with them, he said, and the research teams are in a real race against the
elock as they gather and preserve as much as they can of oral data, all of
which, fortunately, they transcribe on durable modern surfaces (tapes, hand-
written notes, or video cassettes).

In another lecture, a speaker dealing with local African medicine, underscored
the anthropological dimensions of treatment for certain ailments. As we all
know, traditional medicine is enjoying something of a return to favor these
days, and not a moment too soon.

24



prs-SSA~857066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

WHITES” SAID TO BEAR LARGEST SHARE OF TAX BURDEN
White Tax Burden Unjust
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 29 May 85 pp 1, 13

[Text] Although the Whites are responsible for about 77 percent of the natio-
nal revenue fron personal income taxes and the GST [General Sales Tax], only
about 38 percent of this is spent on Whites.

In contrast to this, 45 percent of the national income from the above-mentioned
sources is spent on Blacks.

These shocking figures come to light from an in-depth study made by people fa-
miliar with this year's budget. The breakdown gives evidence throughout of
serious discrimination against the white taxpayer.

This year the government will spend an average of 463 rands on every Colored,
622 rands on every Indian and 267 rands on every Black. Even when outlays at
the province level are taken into account as well, a serious disproportion is
being maintained between the contribution that Whites make to the national
treasury and the expenditures devoted to white affairs: Whites: 866 rands;
Coloreds: 463 rands; Indians: 622 rands and Blacks: 267 rands.

This disproportion means that every white man, woman and child will have to
contribute 656 rands this year to subsidize non-white affairs, besides the
1 010 rands that will be appropriated from each White for general affairs.

The national revenues from the personal income taxes and GST paid by Whites
amount to nearly 12,300 million rands, but only 4 200 [million] rands are spent
on white affairs by the government. Coloreds pay 810 million rands and receive
1 320 million; Indians pay 460 million and receive 560 million; and Blacks pay
2 430 million and receive 5 000 million.

Whites bear by far the greatest share of the tax burden. According to statis-
tics of past years, some 90 percent of all personal income taxes due by Whites
are collected. For the tax year 1985-86 the government expects to take in ap-
proximately 9 000 million rands in personal income taxes, according to the bud-
get, to which the Whites will thus contribute about 8 100 million rands.

67



university career has always affirmed his sympathy for the Saharan cause.
Thus, if in fact there is to be an effective change in position, his efforts
ean only be made easier.

Strengthened Assets

In any case a new Dakar-Algiers alliance will undoubtedly influence the
African scene. Above all, on the eve of the OAU economic summit meeting,
where the candidacy of Diouf for the chairmanship, to replace Julius Nyerere,
is taken for granted. After the institution of a Dakar-Lagos alliance with the
visit of Diouf to Nigeria, (and it certainly functioned during the election of
Babacar Ndiaye to the chairmanship of the African Development Bank) an
alliance with Algiers could only strengthen Senegal's diplomatic assets.
Algeria, itself, surely needs this opening, uneasy as it is within the
Maghreb, confronted with the Moroccan-Libyan union. With Tunisia as a
neighboring support on the one hand, and Dakar as a bridgehead in West Africa
on the other, a possibility for Algeria to break out of its isolation is
indeed taking shape. The more so, since a favorable wind is already blowing
between Dakar and Tunis.

And since Diouf has the economic fate of the continent more at heart than the
political divergencies which have slowed down the OAU in recent years, he
would certainly not balk at trying, from the chairmanship of the Inter-African
Organization, to give impetus to that evolution. That certainly would be
worth a few concessions at the expense of Morocco, although one should not
expect to see our diplomacy completely turn its back on Rabat. But one thing
is certain.

A gradual change began to be noted after president Diouf received Abdel Aziz,
the leader of the Polisario, at Addis Ababa, and it has just reached a high
level. Is this the culminating point, or will Dakar instead commit itself
further in this direction?

However that may be, now is a time of great friendship between the two
capitals, far from the coldness existing between Senghor and Boumedienne.
They were two incompatible personalities. Senghor, as usual, could not stand
the conduct of "schoolteacherish" Algeria, newly independent and strong in its
revolution and rapid development. We are therefore far from that time, and
Algeria, after having long ignored black Africa, todays deigns to consider it
with great interest.

For the moment that interest is essentially political. Because, so far as
economic relations are concerned, Algeria is instead committed to the northern
countries. The small part of its experience which is useful to the South
Saharan countries is limited to officer training (hampered by the linguistic
barrier), to the telecommunications field, the petroleum field, and the fields
of medicine or construction (as in Burkina-Faso). Perhaps, with the visit
which the Algerian president made to the teachers college, this latter sector
will constitute a point of departure for cooperative relations which could
serve to strengthen the political alliance.

60



SAVIMBI ON CUBAN TROOPS, POSSIBILITY OF NEGOTIATIONS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jun 85 p 15

[Article by Gary van Staden]

[Text]

Cuba’s announcement
that its combat troops
will stay in Angola has
effectively ended at-
tempts to stop the 10-
year-old bush war and
bring Unita and the
MPLA Government to
the negotiating table.

“ Dr Jonas Savimbi,
leader of the South Afri-
can-backed Unita gueril
las fighting the Cuban.
supported MPLA in war- :
torn Angola, has said no :
-hegioation with the Luan-
da Government could
take place while a single
Cuban remained on An-
golan soil.

He added, however,
that once the Cubans left
he was committed to ne-
gotiation with the MPLA
and to the formation of a,
government of national
unity.

The American State
Department has been try-
ing to bring Unita and the.
MPLA to the conference .
table but its first set of

cso: 3400/589

proposals for a settle-
ment were rejected out
of hand by Unita.

Said Dr Savimbi at his
Jamba headquarters last
week: “We had the State
Department proposals on
the table and we rejected
them.

“They wanted to keep
6 000 Cubans in our coun-
try.

“That is not negotia-
tion.

“The MPLA are not ne-

gotiating; they are dictat-
» ing.”

Dr Savimbi claimed :

that many influential
leaders in the MPLA
were holding private
talks with Unita on a pos-
sible settlement.

But until the Cuban
issue was resolved there
could be no question of
official talks with Luan-

Weekend reports from
Havana quoted Cuba’s
Deputy Foreign Minister
for Africa Mr Giraldo
Mazola as saying it was
unlikely that Cuban mili-

17

JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

ANGOLA

tary or civilian personnel
would be withdrawn
from Angola in the near
future.

Dr Savimbi has ap-
pealed to America not to
officially recognise the
MPLA Government while
the Cubans remain.

He says: “We demand,
total withdrawal of all
Cuban forces from our
country.

“We ask the United
States: no recognition of
the MPLA before all the
‘Cubans leave.

“The United States

* cannot expect us to make

all the concessions.”

American State De-
partment officials say
there are some 30000
Cubans in Angola; Dr Sa-
vimbi says there are
about 35 000,

“This does not include
the Soviets and the East
Germans,” he adds.

Unita intelligence
sources said last week
they estimated that Rus-
sia itself had about 1500
military advisers in An-
gola.



JPRS~SSA~85~066

26 July 1985

KENYA

MOI PRAISES NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT, SEEKS COOPERATION INCREASE

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 4 Jun 85 p 6

[Speech by President Daniel Arap Moi at the State Ban

slavia on 3 June 1985]

f mate by
iC yaet
i, yesterday

MY visit to your country takes phic
rah fice you, Mr.

d fe high
‘ Although J
conveyed to you a
tuations ur
How me
: ty, whilst on
your soil, to extend 10 you, once
again, my very best wishes in your
new end chalienging assignment. }
am confident that you will
distinguish yourself in this capacity
as you have done in others before.

Mr, President, my delegation and
I wish to thank you-personally, the
goverment and the brotherly peo-
ple of Yugoslavia, for the cordial
reception and the hospitality we have
been accorded since our arrival in
your beautiful country, After a brief
tour of various sites in your magnifi-
cent city of Belgrade, and our
meetings with your people, I can
state with even greater conviction,
that Kenya is viewed with great
respect. and friendliness in
Yugoslaviay’

Mr. President, 1 am particularly
d at the opportunity that this
visit gives me to re-affirm a new, the
strong bonds of friendship which
have long characterised the relations
between our two countries. A rela-
tionship rooted in our common
struggle for freedom and in-
dependence, Indeed, the real nature
of the relationship between Kenya

office of ¥
have alread:

and Yugoslavia is being re-affirmed
on this dinner table today.

Mr. President, the existing rela-
tions between Kenya = and
Yugoslavia, and indeed my own visit
to your great country must be seen
as fitting tribute to the founding
fathers of our two nations, your late
President, Marshall Josip Broz A
and my country’s late President,
Mzee Jomo Kenyatta. The two
departed leat eve true comrades
in arms and it is no wonder that,
because of that initial impetus, our
two peoples should continue to feel
a sense of brotherhood between
them. Annals of history will record
the heroic roles the two leaders
played in the liberation of our coun-
tries, and in the awakening of inter-
national concern for human rights,
peace and freedom.

Mr. President, the peoples of
Kenya and Yugostavia may fcel hap-
py to reminisce over their past. But
the evolving scenario on the world
scene increasingly makes us worry
about what the future holds for
mankind. The world political situa-
tion continues to be polarised and
while we recognised some of the
roots of this phenomenon, we do not
accept that the situation is beyond
remedy, The East-West relations,
and the quest of super-powers for
superiority in nuclear armaments,
have thrust us into an arena where
we naw worry not so much about
our progress and prosperity, but our
very survival,

Mr, President, that is what the
world waits, serious reficction on
how we perceive the sinvival of

34

quet in Belgrade, Yugo-

humankind. To a very great extent,
this is the issue which occupied the
minds of the framers of the United
Nations charter, when they inscrib-
ed for eternity, their wish, and I
quote, “To save succeeding genera-
tions from the scourge of war,” wn-
quote. They wanted peace, not war.
We in Kenya fully supprt every
contribution towards peace from ail
corners of the world. But at the same
time, we deplore any activity, and
from whatever source, which would
create obstacles to the attainment of
this peace. This indeed is one of the
cardinal principles on which the
ied Nations was founded, and
Kenya and Yu; ik

Non-Al

of the

eit is

tion of the Third World
¢ ours, coming together,

: collective intercsts and
ri ¢, justice and
equality for all mankind.

Through this movement, we have
offered the world comprehensive and
concrete programmes for overcom-
ing the crises in international rela-
tions and resolving the problems
confronting our contemporary
world, Our programmes iead to a
future in which peace, international
co-operation and prosperity could
prevail,

It is my hope that members of the
movement will concert their efforts,
with even greater commitment and



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

PROVINCIAL MILITARY COMMANDER VISITS LUCHERINGO DISTRICT
Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 2 Jun 85 p 3

[Text] Colonel Bernardo Goi-Goi, second secretary of the provincial committee
of the FRELIMO Party and military commander for Niassa Province, spent 18 and
19 May in the district of Lucheringo, where he met with the local party and
state officials and the heads of the defense and security forces stationed
there, as well as the people of the district capital, in order to assess the
political, military and socioeconomic situation of that part of the province
of Niassa.

During these meetings, Colonel Bernardo Goi-Goi announced the decisions
adopted at the recent meetings of the Niassa Provincial Assembly and Party
Committee, having to do basically with the actions they recommend that the
workers and people of Niassa pursue within the context of building the war
economy. In his words, this will mean that in the approaching marketing
season, a military marketing operation, bearing witness to the links between
defense and the economy, will be carried out.

The best and most rational use of the available resources through planning,
execution and control, such as to improve organization steadily with a view to
proper and conscientious administration of the existing resources, was also
among the basic aspects taken up by the second provincial secretary of the
FRELIMO Party in Niassa in connection with the war economy.

At the popular gathering, and through the district secretariat of their
organization, the young people of Lucheringo presented the provincial military
commander with 750 meticals obtained through voluntary contributions in salute
to the 10th anniversary of the winning of national independence, as well as
two sacks of corn to contribute to covering the costs of holding the second
national conference of the OJM [Mozambique Youth Organization], which is
scheduled for the first quarter of next year.

Colonel Goi-Goi enthusiastically praised and congratulated the young people of

Lucheringo for this action, and he promised to see to the proper allocation of
these gifts.

54



at which the government had actually made a start. All that need
be done now is to get it rolling again. These two projects, con-
sidering the vast number of people they affect and their impact

on Kanem's development deserve to be made, in Prefect Ahmed Lochi's
words, an abolute top priority. The sanitation system and the
schools are sorely in need of attention , but efforts made over the
last 3 years have been enough to get them off the emergency list.
The Kanem prefect also raised the matter of resuming oil research
in the region. Foyo is the regional target in this connection, as
this tiny town in ‘the North of Kamen Prefecture waits and hopes

for revival.

President Hissein Habre returned the proverbial soft answer to the
Kenem prefect's complaints, "The government is aware of your prob-
lems and the government is on your side. We are determined, resol-
yved-to alleviate the problems of poverty and hunger that plague
Kamen's people." Enthusiastically applauded, the president's re-
marks were like balm to the unhealed wounds these people have sus-
tained. The hope of seeing oil gush from the wells already dril-
led and the dunes once more covered with grass braided an unspoken
bond of complicity between the people and the president. It was a
promise of peace, a pledge of stability and prosperity that seemed
to pass between Chad's topmost authority and his fellow-citizens in
Kanem.

Much the same scenario unrolled in Lac. In this district the disap-
pearance of the water was astonishing in its intensity and scope,
revealing the tragic malignancy that is the drought phenomenon.

It was even more heartbreaking to listen to the prefect citing
émergency food supplies as one of the complaints from the people

of Lac. The truth hurts. Abdulaye Djoho topped his list with the
construction of a watertower at Bol. There is a very severe water
shortage along the desert-like shores of Lake Chad, and a water-
tower would be the grandest gift the pepple of Bol could wish.
Resumption of Lake Chad Development Company (SODELAC) projects like
this in other sectors was another boon the lakeshore dwellers

asked for. That is not hard to understand when you remember that
the polders on this lake were the most fertile lands in all of Chad,
and the farmers around it the country's most prosperous. Prefect
Djoho's third request was for an all-weather road from N'Djamena

to Bol. This particular infrastructure, combined with the return
of SODELAC activities here would put an end to the region's disas-
trous isolation. The president pointed out that Lac still holds
enormous reserves of water deep in its belly. Getting at that
water and bringing it up would accordingly lead the government to
serious consideration of utilization of Lac's inexhaustible water
table to supply the polders.

The fruitful exchange between the President of the Republic and
the peoples of Kanem and Lac strengthens the hand of the Third
Republic's government in such intervention, even as it removes the
veil of mystery surrounding government in the eyes of local popu-
lations, The priorities, the obstacles, and the strengths of
government policy emerge more clearly. But then, wasn't that the
main goal of President Habre's grand tour?

6182 20
€S023419/432



UNITA and the Cubans

More and more frequently we hear the argument that South Africa is not inte-
rested in an international solution, and that for this reason it supports
UNITA; South Africa hopes in fact that the Cubans will not give ground, for if
they depart, it must take the necessary steps toward a settlement in SWA.

[Answer] I am convinced that the government is serious about settling the dis-
pute in SWA and getting the Cubans out. I have no doubt about this.

[Question] Is our goal only to get the Cubans out of Angola, or is there a
more important objective, namely to force the MPLA to accept UNITA as its part-
ner in an Angolan coalition government?

[Answer] Neither one of these is the greatest consideration as far as I am
concerned. The greatest consideration is terminating Angola's involvement in
the SWA dispute. I want to see Angola withdraw its support for SWAPO so that
political matters can be settled internally. The involvement of Angola in mak-
ing its territory available to SWAPO makes the problem a regional one rather
than a problem of SWA, and that only makes the international problem worse.

[Question] In order to convince Angola to suspend its support for SWAPO in An-
gola, South Africa is bringing pressure to bear on Angola by helping UNITA.

And to cope with this threat, Angola is once more giving support to SWAPO. Who
is to be the first to say: We cease and desist--South Africa with its support
of UNITA or Angola with its support of SWAPO?

[Answer] I would very much have liked you to have asked the Angolans this
question, and I would be keenly interested in their answer. They used the
presence of South African troops in Angola as an excuse for the presence of the
Cubans, but that factor is disappearing. The South African government also
made known its consent to the continuation and implementation of the Lusaka
Agreement to the fullest extent. What then, Angola? Why the accusation that
we must have been dragging our feet?

[Question] According to domestic pundits, the SWAPO bases are now 400 km north
of the Cunene River, and South Africa is insisting that Angola make no means of
transportation available in the so-called "area in question" nor provide any
logistic support to SWAPO for the purpose of undertaking operations in SWA. Is
this really the present situation?

[Answer] Look, SWAPO is spread throughout Angola; the Angolan government ap~
pears to have no intention of complying with the Lusaka Agreement, nor of keep-
ing SWAPO out of the so-called "area in question" in its southern region.

SWAPO personnel are scattered from the border to Luanda. One must not think
that SWAPO is now absent from southern Angola. It is simply not so. They have
just begun their amual invasion once again, and are presently quite active.
They come right up to the border and even cross it. During the month of Janu-
ary there were more SWAPO incidents. than last January.

Higher Losses

[Question] There seem to me to be two schools of thought. One group says:
Come on, let's invade again, clean out a broad area and stonewall the interna-

87



ECONOMIC SURVEY RELEASED ANTICIPATING BUDGET

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 4 Jun 85 pp 1, 20

[Article by Kauli Mwembe]

[Text]

JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

KENYA

BUDGET --Day . this < ‘The overall agricultural pro- “and a further welcome feature country, a new chapter on Ur-
was the 7 per cent growth of ban Housing and. Develop-

year will be on Thurs-
day, June 13, Finance
and. __- Planning
Minister, Prof. George

Saitoti, announced in-

Nairobi. -yesterday
when he also released

the Economic Survey

for1985., -. :

The Economic’ Survey :

gives a breakdown of the

effects caused by the 1984
drought to the national
economy. ' :

The drought forced the
country to increase. its
petroleum imports by 9 per
cent and caused maize produc--
tion to drop by 34.7 per cent.
* ‘There was also a marked
drop in the production of
other foodstuffs and other
agricultural sectors. * :

Because of the drought, the
worse in 50 years, beans pro-.
duction went down by 74.7 per
cent, while the production of
potatoes was'down by 49.2 per
cent, said the minister, in a
press conference. :

Wheat production declined
by 42.5 per cent, that of milk
sales 30.8 per cent, while cat-
tle slaughtered at the Kenya
Meat Commission dropped by

"164.3 per cent. .

CSO; 4200/566

* manufacturing sects

duction, according to the 1985

Economic Survey, ‘fell by 3.7-

per cent though this was bet-
ter than had been anticipated.
“During the year. under
review, the volume'of overall
exports fell by one per cent
and the building and construc-
tion sector continued to give
Cause for concern as it con-
tinued the downward trend it
started in 1981, said Saitorj.
Value added in the building.
and construction industry at
constant 1982 prices declined
by 6.8 per cent in 1984 com-,
pared with a drop of 8.6 per
cent in 1983, ‘ .
. ‘Our balance of payments
improved and our-foreign ex-
change reserves increased
from £254. million in
December: 1983 to £312
million in December 1984,"
said the minister- who added
that this was also partly due to
healthy tousism. earnings
which registered a growth of
about’ 16 per cent last year.
- The manufacturing -sector
registered a growth of 4.3 per
cent in 1984 in spite of the per-

vasive effects of the drought,:

Employment,

\creas-

‘investment,’ said Saitoti at
the ‘treasury. BOL nag le

The country also’ managed
to keep petroleum consump-
tion low jn snite_of the..ne
for petroleum products for
thermal generation dueto the
drought...

Followirlg the introduction
of the 8-4-4 system of educa-
tion, estirhated enrolment in
primary schools. was 4.4
million in 1984 compared with
4.3 million in 1983. ~

And the construction of ad-
ditional Standard Eight
classrooms throughout the
country caused an increase in
cement consumption by 6 per
cent though overall employ-
ment in the construction in-
dustry declined by 18 per cent.

In secondary schools, enrol-
iment ‘rose from 494,000 in
1983 to 498,000 last year while
the number of teachers in both
primary and’ secondary
schools increased by 5: per

-The survey forecasts that
agriculture may register a very
welcome growth of 4.5 per
cent in real terms, which- will
in turn improve the manufac-

ed by 3 per cent ‘while wage. turing sector, at least judging

earnings in this sector rose by
13 percent in 1984.76

“1984 turned’ Out’ better
than originally: expected
because the economy grew at
0.9 per cent despite a decline

» of 3.7 per cent in agriculture,

from the 7 per cent increase in

* investment last year.

+ “Because of the importance
of housing to the welfare of
our people and the inevitably
increasing urbanisation of our

41

ment ~has been added ‘as
Chapter Three of the survey,’”
said the minister. - . 2.
- Turning to the health sector,
he said the ‘number’ of
hospital-beds and cots increas-
ed by 1,600 mainly because of
the construction of the new
“Nyayo Wards" built through
Jocal self-help efforts.
The minister said the bright
prospects for this year were
-due to the fact that the long
rains came early and had been
-widespread.and generally ade-
quate, thus promising a good
(agricultural harvest in 1985.
‘The minister noted that the
Kenya’s economy had been af-
fected by international factors
in 1984, and part of 1985,
because it is an open economy.
He named the international
factors as high interest rates in
the world economy, strong
recovery’ “0f the erican
economy, the rising strength
of. the US dollar against the
major. world currencies, and
the debt problems of develop
ing countries. and downward
‘pressure on wor world oil
Prices. ©-*. . *
_Saitoti. said the economic
picture in Kenya was not en-
tirely gloomy last year as the
government set in motion cer-
tain. policy measures which
mitigated the effects of the
drought -in the rest of the
economy. seh State



JPRS~SSA~85~-066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CHURCH LEADER POTGIETER DISCUSSES CHURCH IMPASSE
Johannesburg DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 12 Apr 85 p 4

[Report on interview: "'Church May Not Choose Sides in Political Debate":
Might Result in Split, says Potgieter"]

[Text] The members of the Dutch Reformed Church are
so politically confused that any attempt on the part
of the church council to "choose sides" might split the
church "down the middle." That is the reason why the
General Church Council is keeping silent, says the
Reverend Kobus Potgieter, moderator of the General
Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church, in his first
newspaper interview in the past two years. He also
believes that it is not the church's role to choose
sides, "because the government may change tomorrow,
and must we then again change our position?"

The Dutch Reformed Church is caught up in an impasse that is the result
of the tremendous confusion existing among members of the church. Members
are so divided on the subject of politics that he thanks the Lord that

the church leadership did not choose sides in the political debate going
on in the country, because then the church would have split down the
middle, says the Reverend Kobus Potgieter, moderator of the Dutch Reformed
Church.

In the first newspaper interview that Rev Potgieter has given in the past
two years, he says that the government must be allowed time to work out
properly the new course it has taken and he understands that. In this
process the church must keep quiet and may not choose sides, "because the
government may change tomorrow, and must we then again change our position?"

Impulsive

It is impulsive and emotional to comment on everything that happens and

to grasp at every straw as "the last straw." The measure of silence that
the General Church Council and its executive committee have been maintaining
recently has a definite purpose. The membership is so divided politically
that any attempt on the part of the General Church Council to choose sides
will result in the church splitting down the middle.

82



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

SENEGAL

SIGNIFICANCE OF BENJEDID'S VISIT NOTED

Setback for Morocco
Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 25 May - 8 Jun. 85 pp 6-7
{article: "They Thumbed Their Noses at Rabat"]

[Text] Behind the fervor and the enthusiasm
accompanying their visit to Dakar of Chadli
Benjedid, Algerian president, a new alliance
between Dakar and Algiers is emerging. Its
political consequences are bound to have
repercussions on the African political scene.

One must go far back in time to find such a colorful welcome as the one given
the Algerian president, Benjedid Chadli. Back then people willingly went,
as a pastime, to welcome our guests. But in this period of acute social
crisis, when people certainly have other things to do, the mobilization
effort, well carried out with extensive means by the government, was striking.
However, nothing in our political and economic relations in the past, which
until recently were rather bad, justified such a stir. In the absence of a
cause for it, one must turn, then, to what the consequences might be of this
new romance between Dakar and Algiers.

The most significant results of Benjedid's visit are to be found at the
political level. Long a faithful advocate of the Saharan cause, Algiers had
constructed the main element of its African policy around this question. For
a long time this brought it into conflict with Dakar, which was instead
aligned with Moroccan positions. Thus, after this Chadli visit, a new
alignment was noted (a perceptible evolution over a certain time) along
positions less markedly favorable to Morocco. Better yet, at the conclusion
of the visit Dakar drew even a little closer to Algiers by reaffirming, in the
final communique, resolution 104 of the 19th OAU summit, which asks the two
parties (Morocco and Polisario) to engage in direct negotiations.

So, a page has been turned. And it appears to be all the more irreversible
since Morocco's intransigence over the Western Sahara question finally came
into conflict with Senegal. Moreover, at the head of Senegelese diplomacy
there is someone, in the person of Ibrahim Fall, who throughout his

59



Especially Schoolchildren

He does not believe that the country is in a crisis because of the current
unrest in black residential areas. Personal experience and what happened
the past weekend at Moria (where President P.W. Botha and ZCC [expansion
unknown] spoke) proves the opposite. The country finds itself rather in
a troublesome and serious situation.

The seriousness of the situation lies in the fact that it is apparently
schoolchildren and students--people who are easily influenced--who are
involved in the unrest. This lies in the field of politics, and all
alternatives proposed by the government are apparently unacceptable to
them.

Be Careful

The disturbed situation definitely concerns the church: "I think the
church has a tremendous responsibility for its actions and preaching.
We talk too easily and judge too easily and should rather get on with
our work. The message of the church is one of reconciliation in Christ,
of love of God and our fellow man, and that we must go out and do what
the Lord expects of us.

"In our relations and wherever we go, we must practice what we preach."

Ministersshould be careful not to "overdo" it, however, because mere
parroting of the message may subsequently awaken resentments.

By reconciliation he means reconciliation between man and God according
to the Scriptures.

"The concept of reconciliation in Christ means redemption and forgiveness
of sins so that one may be reconciled with God and that the repentence
is reflected in one's own life, otherwise one's faith is of no value at
all."

On the question of how reconciliation can be achieved in practice in
the present situation, Rev Potgieter believes that it rests with the
government in the first place to preserve peace and quiet.

Hardship

Where does the Dutch Reformed Church fit into the situation? The church
is in the community, where it is "busy with its own people." They often
suffer because of poverty and unemployment, and he believes that this

is where the church's greatest task and responsibility lie.

The church goes even further and recognizes the need felt in the younger

churches in the church family, and support is given in both the moral,
spiritual field and the material field.

83



COLLEGE BUILDING MATERIALS FROM YUGOSLAVIA ROT

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 23 Jun 85 p 6

[Text]

cso:

Sunday Mail Reporter
BUILDING materials
worth $200000, do-
nated to the ZCTU
for ite labour college
by Yugoslav workers’
unions in 1983, have
been in the open in
Chitungwiza and some
of them are now dam-

The materials, which
also include some mat-
tresses, office equipment
and blankots, some of
which were donated by
Bulgarian -labour move-
ments, are being
kept in the open at a wel-
fare centre for a church
organisation situated be-
hhind the Seke beerhall in
Chitungwiza.

‘The welfare centre is
unfenced and the room
in which the security of-
ficer employed by the
ZCTU, Cde Isaac Girlya,
lives, ig separated by a
wall from the main
church building in which
some of the asbestos
sheetings, celling boards,
spolled mattresses and
window-frames are being
kept, The main door to
the church building is
made up of flimsy veneer
blocks end does not have
@ lock,

When The Sunday Mail
visited the centre last
week, Cde Giriya said the
darhage done to the build-
ing materials and some of
the mattresses was
caused by the weather,
termites and bees.

He said: “We have had
to remove some of the

3400/576

mattresses from their
crates efter ey had.
an open as 8 result

last heavy rains,
Ye have also had to
fasten some plastic mat-
erials to try to cover some
holes on top of the crates
to protect the contents
from weather damage.

“But the damage has
been done, es you can fee |
most of the trusses now
ook old and worn'from a
combination of rain, dust,
dew and heat.”

‘ Cde Girlya also showed
‘The Sunday Mail elght
‘mattresses which he hag
removed from broke
crates to store in tne
church together —_ wil
some of the asbestos
sheets.

“Those mattresses
were damaged when the
crates got broken and the
plese coverings torn, #0

hhad to put them | there.”

ag been
guerding the equipment
alice October last year
when the ZCTU. moved it
to Chitungwiza with the
intention of building the
labour college there.

The and = the

Yugoslav Embassy in

Herare have agreed that

Energoprojekt, the Yu-

goslav engineering and
contracting firm d
in the constr jotton of the
‘hotel and conference
_centre, will build the Is-

118

JPRS~SSA~85~066

26 July 1985

bour college later this

year.

‘The interim chairman.

of the ZCTU, Cde Settrey
is

Mutandare, sald he
organisation _an ©
Ministry of Labour had

‘chosen six posstble sites
for the proposed labour

"Ode Mutandare sald the

Ministry, would — Halse
with the'Ministry of Local
Government and Town
Planning for approval of
the final site.

The ZCTU was looking |
for a site near Harare to}
cut transport costs and
the Mi ry of Labour
had indicated that such 4
alte would greatly ease
matters. All these I=
sibilities were talked of
after the Yugoslav Em,
baesy in Harare had ex-
pressed some concern
over the delay in the con-
struction of the college
and the whereabouts of

the equipment, almost
three re after it had
been donated.

Last week, the ZCTU's
top brass was busy with
preparation of an agenda

for its planned July con-

gress and would not say
what progress the labour
college committee and the
education committee had
made in acquiring a site
for the labour college.

ZIMBABWE


FOREIGN MINISTRY DENOUNCES NAMIBIAN 'PUPPET' GOVERNMENT

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 20 Jun 85 pp 1, 5

[Text]

GHANA has empha-

sised that the racist,

ime in South Africa

has no legal authority

to unilaterally createa.

jovernment in Nami-
ia.

This is contained in a
statement issued in Ac-
cra by the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs on’ the
<nauguration of a puppet
interim government in
.Namibia by Pretoria on
Tuesday, June 18.

cso: 3400/573

‘Vhis act is not in con-
sonance with the provi-
sion of U.N. Security
Council Resolution 435
of 1978, the statement
pointed out.

It said “the so-called
interim administration,
which purportedly conf-
ers wide powers on the
Black people of Namibia.
but leaves the control of
the territory’s defence
matters and foreign af-
fairs in the hands of the
whites, cannot be ac-
cepted as valid for as long
as it is made up of only
the parties inside Nami-
bia and precludes the
South-West Africa
People’s Organisation
(SWAPO) internatio-

nally recognised as the
sole, authentic represen-
tative of the Namibian
people.

‘ike the sham and
bogus independence
granted by the same ra-
cist: regime to the so-
called “homelands” in
South Africa, the just-
created interim govern-
ment in Nami has no
chance of being accorded
international recogni-
tion.

“Ghana wishes to make
its position clear that since
the South African regime's
jurisdiction over Namibia
was terminated as far back
as 1971 by the Intern
nal Court of Justice, w1
transferred the adminis-
tration of the territory to
the United Nations and in
addition, declared the ra-
cist regime’s presence there
illegal, Pretoria has no le-
gal authority to unilate-
rally create a government
in Namibia”, the state-
ment said.

The statement said to all
right-thinking people, UN
Security Council Resolu-
tion 435 (1978) remains the

28

JPRS~SSA~85~-066

26 July 1985

GHANA

best formula for the settle-
ment of the Namibia inde~

endence issue, but the
fact remains that the im-
plementation of such a re-:
solution had been unduly
delayed as a result of
South Africa’s continued
intransigence and the in-
troduction of irrelevant
conditions, namely, the
Cuban troops withdrawal
from Angola, as if the p!
sence of Cuban troops in
‘Angola and the indepen-
dence of Namibia were not!
two separate and unrelat-
ed issues.

“By its present, act, the
apartheid regime has
clearly demonstrated that
it deliberately obstructed

ich. the implementation of the

U.N. Security Council Re-
solution 435 (1978) to en-
able it to establish withi
'Namibia a system
administration that it can
manipulate at will for its
selfish interests.”
“Ghana, therefore, in
line with Security Council
resolutions, considers the
creation of the interim go-
vernment in Namibia null
‘and void", the statement
added.—GNA



Malan's Version

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 2 Jun 85 p15

{Article by John Maclennan and William Saunderson-Meyer]

JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

[Text]

IN PUTTING his version to Parliament, De-
fence Minister General Magnus Malan described
the abortive mission as another chapter in the
Defence Force’s peace offensive — and claimed
the captured Retce officer’s account of his
training, the military secrets -he disclosed, and
the details of his mission and capture were An-
golan propaganda.

He inferred that Captain Du Toit had either been
“turned” or conditioned into making his disclosures at
the Press conference.

“The Marxists are masters at compelling their
prisoners to make so-called admissions to promote
their lies and propaganda,” he said.

This was put to the SADF for further detail be-
cause no news-agency reports from the Luanda Press
conference suggested that Capt Du Toit had been
tortured, drugged or spoke anything but freely when
he was introduced.

But an SADF spokesman said no additional com-
ment or information would be provided on what tech-
niques had been used to make him talk so willingly
and fully, within days of his capture, on all facts re-
lating not only to his mission but also his background
and personal opinions. 7

It is known that the Soviets, for example, indulge in
stage-managed show trials and media conferences.
But it is usually patently obvious that the witnesses
have been “prepared” through coercion by.‘mental
and physical abuse over a period of weeks, if not
months.

At no stage in the verbatim account of the Press
conference seen by The Sunday Star was Capt Du

Toit interrupted or led into saying anything and he.

made no reference whatsoever to the Government's
assertion that they were on a .
reconnaissance mission.

\)" When it came to question
time he also replied openly and
at length.

General Malan told Parlia-
ment: “Lightly armed, they re-
connoitred a suspected ANC
base to confirm information.
They had a specific mission.

“On Tuesday, May 21, they
were at their temporary day
base, on their way to their re-

» connaissance objective, when
they were apparently surprised
by Angolan soldiers. A confron-
tation followed.”

Gen Malan denied that the
mission had involved a destabi-
 lisation attempt.

“There was no interference
in Angola’s domestic affairs.
Our target was not and is not

the State of Angola.

' “Our target was and is the
ANC and Swapo. Just as when
we fetched the ANC from their
nests in Maputo and Maseru,

, Our targets were not Mozambi-
que and Lesotho.

“For some time it has been
obvious that they have been
seeking sanctuary in northern
’ Angola. We have to know more
about their planning and who is
working with them.”

Gen Malan categoricall den-
ied that South Africa was in-
volved in destabilisation opera-
tions.

DuToit's Details

qohannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 2 Jun 85 p15

{Article by John Maclennan and William Saunderson-Meyer]

[Text]

““] AM Captain Wynand Petrus du Toit of the

SADF. My force number is 74770553 PF.”
With ths admission the captured South African
recce officer started a lengthy series of startling dis-

+ closures before a Press conference in Luanda last

Saturday. While the country has seen only brief agen-
cy reports, The Sunday Star can now publish full de-



(b) Rate on passenger cars raised from (70-240) per cent to (40-400) per
cent depending on the engine rating.

(c) Rate on bee. and stout raised from shs. 6.08 per litre to shs, 6.38 per
litre.

(d) Rate on completely built-up buses reduced from 30 per cent to 17 per cent.
Export Compensation:

The general rate of export compensation is raised from 15 per cent to 20 per
cent.

Income tax: Capital expenditure on farm works will be written off in three
years instead of five years i.e. at the rate of 33-1/3 percent per year instead
of 20 per cent per year.

Tax will be reduced by widening current tax brackets. The rates of tax will
remain unchanged.

Non-taxable pension income doubled from Kb2.500 to K&5,000.
Investment deduction will be increased from 20 per cent to 50 per cent.
Capital gains tax is suspended.

Second-hand motor vehicle purchase tax: For a motor vehicle with less than
12000 c.c, engine capacity tax will rise from shs. 500 to shs. 600; while for
those with a capacity in excess of 3,000 c.c. will rise from shs. 2,000 to
shs. 3,000.

Traffic Act: Charges for number plates increases from shs, 150 to shs, 250
per pair shs. 100 to shs. 150 per single plate.

Road licence fees are increased progressively according to engine capacity.
For a motor vehicle with 12000 c.c. licences fees will rise from shs. 300 to
shs. 400; 3000 c.c. rise from shs. 3,000 to shs. 4,000. For vehicles not
exceeding 1,000 kg. fees rise from shs. 400 to shs. 500 while vehicles of
5,000 kg. fees rise from shs. 3,000 to shs. 3,500.

Insurance and hire purchase companies: Licence fees for insurance companies
raised from shs. 10,00 to shs. 100,000 while that of hire purchase companies
increased from shs. 1,000 to shs. 4,000

Liquor Licensing Act: Licence fees increased by 50 per cent.

Trade Licensing Act: Licence fees doubled.

>»,

CSO: 3400/565

43



- powered patrol boat, but high-

placed Swapo sources claim
that, according to the Angolan
Defence Ministry a surface ves-

; sel, even 160km out to sea off
the Angolan coast, would have
been sighted by the .Cuban-
backed defence force in the
country.

The source pointed out that :

ever since the mining of Luanda
harbour in 1983, for which Ango-
Ja blamed South Africa, the An-
gola coastal patrols have been
extra vigilant.

Lisbon sources claim that
nine SA commandos took part in
the raid and that apart from the

two men killed and the one cap- +

tured, another two South Afri-
cans were hurt but managed to
escape.

Official Unita sources were
silent on the raid, but other

sources in London say that, j

after the SA troops landed on
the beach, either in northern An-
gola or on the thin strip of Zaire.
which divides Angola from its
enclave province, they linked up
with units of Unita, the rebel
movement fighting against the
MPLA Government.

Angop, the official Angolan :

news agency, said this week that

the South African commandos .
were equipped with 16 mines ;
and two fire-bombs as well as

automatic weapons and silenced
handguns.

The Unita patrol with which
the South Africans joined forces
could have come either from a

Unita base at Kinshasa in Zaire ,
or from groups operating in |

northern Angola, Namibian

sources say.
Bases ‘unlikely’

Luanda admitted only last ;

week, for the first time, that
Unita rebels were active in the
province of Zaire (not to be con-
fused with the country Zaire)
and it would have been a simple

“natter, according to the Nami-
bian sources, for the South Afri-

can commandos to link up with |

them there or in Zaire itself.
The Gulf Oil-owned ‘storage

-depots at Malongo are 35km

from the borders of Zaire.

Sources in Lisbon say that the
Unita contingent fought a rear-
guard action against the MPLA
ambush, so that the South Afri-
cans could escape.

High-placed Swapo sources
have-claimed that the organisa-
tion has no bases in Cabinda. Al-
though no official confirmation
could be obtained that neither

: Swapo nor the ANC has camps

in Cabinda, other sources in

, South Africa point out that the

presence of such bases is highly
unlikely.

Exit route

They point out that bearing in‘

mind South Africa’s stated poli-
cy of reserving the right to at-
tack “terrorist” bases in neigh-
bouring countries, Angola would
not have wanted to provide an
excuse for a South African at-
tack ori oil-rich Cabinda.

‘They point out too that, after
the Luanda harbour mining inci-
dent, Angola and its Eastern
Bloc advisers would not be easi-
ly convinced that Cabinda was
“out of South Africa’s reach”.

Most sources are ready to set-
tle on the figure nine as the
number. of South’ Africans in-
volved in the raid and base this
assumption on the fact that
MPLA security forces reco-
vered nine rucksacks and 10 wa-
terbottles from the site of the
Cabinda ambush.

This figure has also been

* mentioned in US reports.

The captured South African
commando said this week that

when the group walked into the ‘

ambush he gave an order to
split up into groups of three and

“that his group was “hit”.

The engineer who recently re-
turned from contract work at
the Gulf installations in Cabinda
said that the security along the
coastline of Cabinda was “very

. tight”.

He said that there were regu-
lar beach and coastal patrols as
well as massive radar and radio
installations which would make
a landing on the Cabinda coast a,
very risky venture.

“J don’t thing it would be pos-
sible to get in along the coast,”
he said.

Sources in South Africa and
London are convinced that the
landing took place in Zaire —
whatever the objective of the
mission — and that the com-
mandos then’ entered Cabinda
from that country’s territory.

Press reports this week quot-
ed an Angolan spokesman as
saying Zairean currency was
found on the dead commandos.

This week the captured SA
commando said his group had
been given Unita propaganda
material to leave at Malongo in
order to create the impression
that Unita had been responsible
for the sabotage attack.

Earlier this week London
sources speculated that the
commandos might have been

* flown into Kinshasa where they

armed and equipped themselves
at a Unita base before moving
into Cabinda.

They were due to return by
the same route, the sources said.

Swapo sources in Namibia,
however, now say that this is un-
likely because of the admission
by the captured South African
that his group came by “ship”
and in the light of statements by
the Angolan Defence Ministry
that the attack came from the

sea.

The SADF has refused to say
how the South African troops ar-
rived in Cabinda.



cso:

the movement of. the-non-alligned
‘countries to take concrete measures
aimed at establishing a new and more
just international economic order:

"They called for greater understan-*

ding of, -and sensitivity. to the
worsening debt. problem facing
‘developing countries and its implica-
tions for their social’ and ‘political
“well being. The two sides reiterated
‘commitment and underscored the
-importance of implementing: the
original’ principle of the movement
-as a basis for the promotion of inter-.
state co-operation. -

© The two presidents expressed their
regret over dispute and conflict
which‘.have arisen between non-
aligned . countries which tend to

weaken the unity of the non-aligned

movement. yO

The two ‘sides. expressed. their
readiness to play their full part in the
implementation of the decisions and
programmes of the non-aligned’
countries as set out in the final
documents of the 7th conference of
the heads of states in New Delhi in
‘March, 1983. They also paid par-
ticular attention to the preparations
for the forthcoming conference to bé

held in Luanda, Angola in

tember, 1985.

+ two presidents reviewed the
situation in Africa and expressed
their deep concern over the many
political, social and economic pro-
blems concerning the continent.
They recogni: the” importancc

role of the OAU in fostering the in- -

ce and sovereignty as well
as the political, social and
economical progress of the African

peoples.

+. President R. C. expressed his high
appreciation and the continued ef-
fort exalted by President Moi
towards strengthening the unity of
the African peoples and particular-

-ly of his contribution during his’two--

year term as the president of the
OAU. Pye ann
: "The two presidents discussed the
situation in southern Africa and the
apartheid policy practiced by the
racist minority government of South
Africa which they. said must be
abolished and eliminated. The two
presidents reiterated their unreserv-
ed support ;for the’ struggle of the
Namibia people under:the leadership

3400/567

of ‘their sole.-representative: —
‘Swapo. They called on the interna-
tional community to implement un-
conditionally the UN’Security Coun-
cil Resolution 435..-"
The two presidents fully supported
all efforts made in finding Peneetul
solution to the problems of Chad
and Western Sahara on the basis of
the decisions of the OAU and
generally accepted principles and
rights of peoples to freely determine
their destiny. % eo MS
The :two presidents: re-affitmed
their support for the initiative for an
early convening of the UN Con-
ference on the Implementation of the
* Declarations of the Indian Ocean as
‘azone of peace... < are

.Reviewing other areas of crisis in
the world the two presidents express-
ed their deep concern over the grave.
and difficult situation in the Middle

?East. They stressed that lasting’solu-
tion to the problem must take into
account the legitimate right of the
Palestinian people under the leader-
shinof the PLO including the right
to arNindependent state of their own
in the region and the necessity of all
states in the region to exist in peace
and harmony along their. borders.

The two presidents called on those
concerned to implement the relevant
UN decisions concerning occupied

- Arab territories.) "ys. ky

©. ‘The two presidents expressed their
~regrets over the continuing war in the
Gulf which has taken a heavy toll in
both human and material terms and
called upon those. warring sides to
start a dialogue as early as possible
which would lead to lasting solution
based on the principles of the ngn-
aligned and the charter of the UN.

At the end of the visit, the Presi-.
dent of the Republic of Kenya ex-
“pressed his gratitude to the President
of -the Socialist Republic of
Yugoslavia, the government and the
people of Yugoslavia for the warm
and* friendly hospitality accorded
him and his delegation during their
state visit in Yugoslavia. He extend-
ed an invitation to the President of
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to.
visit Kenya. The invitation was ac-
_cepted with pleasure: 2...

37



TRAINING OF SMALL BUSINESS OPERATORS

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 23 Jun 85 p C2

{Text]

cso

3400/576

Sunday Mail fteporter
THE nited States
Chamber of Commerce
has provided $820 000 for
the training of srmall
business operators
throvgh the Zimbabwe
National Chamber of
Commerce.

"The scheTMe docs not
compete with our exist-
Ing training courses but
rather complement*
them,” said Mr Danny
Meyer, a co-vice-chatr-
man of ZNCO's Herare
branch,

The US-backed scheme,
financed through the
American chamifier’s
Ventre for International
Private Enterprise, hod
been co-ordinated — by
Harare branch chairman
Mr Gabriel Shamu. |

SneceSatul training ac-
tivities have been carried
out in Mutare, where the
scheme was launched in
February, aod at other
centres Jacluding Chiredzi,
Bulawayo, Masvingo,
Gweru, Murewa and Ka-
doma. A three-day train-
Ing programme was held
in Harare last week.

Participation in the
OIPE programmes Is free
to ZNCO members and
the programme is being
combined with a ZNCO

membership drive.

Mr Meyer said the
CIPE programme
covered a Wide range of
business — practices, In-
cluding fundamental as-
pects of business ‘opera. |

“the US gran

‘he Ss it was
being carefly monitored
by representatives of the
US ‘chamber in Zimbabwe
ant the ZNCO would
“stretch the money os far
as possible” for the
maximum benefit, of
small and medium

inesses. i

Mr Phil Jumbe, olso
Harare branch _ co-vice-
chairman, said the CIPE
scheme was part of A
comprehensive —_ national
training programme
which for the first time!
included the participaton
of university students,

Students had been
drawn from the buSiness
avd accountancy faculties
of the University of Zim-
bal who would De
given special courses on
the operation of the
CIFE programme and
later go on attachment to
participating — bu*inesses
to see the success of tho
training and help iron out
any problems as they
arose,

117

JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

ZIMBABWE



cso:

3400/589

down hard on speeders
and drivers who cause
accidents.

Although there is a
midnight to 5am curfew,
gunfire is heard every
night in Luanda — some-
times just a few shots and
other times rounds of
automatic weapons fire.

Four years ago the
city’s petroleum refinery
was blown up in a night
attack claimed by Unita.

Several Western re-
porters were recently
granted rare visas to
Angola following a gov-
ernment announcement
that Angolan troops had
killed two South African
commandos and captured
another on May 21 in a
foiled raid on the joint US-

Angolan Gulf Oil complex,

in northern Cabinda
province.

South African officials
first denied knowledge of
the group, then said the
commandos were gather-
ing intelligence on Afri-
can National Congress
bases in the area.

Reporters heard the
wounded South African,
who identified himself as
27-year-old | Wynand
Petrus du Toit, tell a Gov-
ernment-organised news
conference that the raid
at the Cabinda Gulf Oil

depot at Malongo was in-
tended to cause “consid-
erable economic setback
to the Angolan Govern-
ment”:

After the often-post-
poned news conference,
the Government flew re-
porters to Malange,
350km east of Luanda,
capital of a province of
the same name, to see a
captured airdrop of arms,
ammunition and supplies
intended for Unita rebels,

As in Luanda, the mili-
tary were everywhere, in-
cluding some of the esti-
mated 25000 Cuban
troops in the country,
awaiting transport back
to the capital.

The provincial military
governor, Colonel Ludy
Kissassunda, said the 31-
ton drop had been picked
up 60km from the Zaire
border but said it had
come from South Africa.

All serial numbers had
been filed off the Soviet-
made AK 47 Kalashnikov
and Portuguese-made G-3
assault rifles, but the
medical supplies were
manufactured in South
Africa, and the labels of
the plastic bags of
“Sterisol” sterilised
water were written in
English and Afrikaans. —
Sapa-AP

16



COUNTRY LIKELY TO INCREASE TRADE WITH WE:
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 J

[Article by Michael Rank

[Text]

LUANDA. — “Angola, j
planning to free its econ-
omy from Marxist dogma, wee
is likely to increase trade States although Washing-
with the West and boost fon and Luanda do not
sagging agricultural pro- have diplomatic relations.
duction, according to Output, currently
Western diplomats. 220 000 barrels a day, is
Angola has large de- expected to more than

posits of oil and diamonds double by 1990 and ex-
and was one of the ports are likely to soar.
world’s biggest coffee Apart from the US, the
producers until the indus- main customers are Brazil
try was decimated by a and Western Europe.
civil war which shows no The Angolans “show
sign of abating. every sign of strengthen-
The war between the ing relations with the
pro-Moscow Luanda West,” said a Luanda-
Government and Unita based diplomat.
rebels has taken an enor- “In their public diplo-
mous toll over the last 19 matic posture they sup-
years and almost half of port the Soviet Union on
Angola’s export earnings everything, but on trade
are spent on buying arms and investment they be-
from the Soviet bloc. have like the non-aligned
But of Angola’s non- nation which they claim
military imports, 90 per- to be.”
cent come from the West Angola was expected to
and exports to non-com- ‘announce economic liber-
munist countries are also alisation measures at a
flourishing. crucial meeting of the rul-
Exports, consisting al- ing Popular movement
most entirely of oil, total- for the Liberation of An-
led R4,2-billion last year, gola in December.
of which more than R2- The party's much-her-
billion went to the United alded second congress

cso: 3400/589

ST

jun 85 p 6

would seek ways of boost-
ing the feeble peasant
agricultural sector which
had been neglected in
favour of Soviet-style
State farms, diplomats
said.

Because the State pays
peasant farmers poorly,
they have little incentive
to produce more than
they need, and grain out-
put has stagnated at
around 300 000 tons for
some years.

The country has to im-
port about the same
amount commercially and
as emergency aid to feed
its 8,2 million people.

Partly as a result of the
civil war, only one or two
percent of Angola's 1,25-
million square km —more
than twice the area of
France — is cultivated.

But President Jose
Eduardo Dos Santos said
in January that the war
was by no means the only
reason for Angola’s grave
economic problems.

11

JPRS-SSA-85~066
26 July 1985

ANGOLA

In a speech to a party
meeting. he said: “The
war should not in itself be
regarded as the sole fac-
tor causing the stagnation _
of the national economy, °
or even as a palliative for
all current deficiencies.”

Officials should stop
thinking the war made
economic problems insol-
uble, he said, condemn-
ing officials who “do not

even know . . . how econ-
omic activities should be
managed.”

The President also indi-

cated that the Govern-
ment was planning to re-

spond to popular griev-
ances by increasing sup-
plies of food and con-
sumer goods.

Most shops in Luanda
are closed or almost
empty following the near-
collapse of the commer-
cial sector, when 300 000
Portuguese left at inde-
pendence in 1975.

Mr DoS Santos put im-
proved living standards
and productivity second
only to national defence
in his list of priorities. —

, Sapa-Reuter.



Government To Investigate Miner's Strike
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 14 Jun 85) ..eeeccsecccceccsevereveereee

Miners Win Pay Increase
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 17 Jun 85) .esecesccceccccccesseeeesceee

New Oil Shipment Eases Shortage
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 21 Jun 85) ..ceeesesececseceeeceee

Israeli Points to High Agricultural Potential
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 24 Jun 85) .ecesesceccescecccsceeesceeee

Heavy Rains Leave Luano Villagers Facing Hunger
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 27 Jun 85) ..csceeececseceeescecerceee

Kaunda Calls Cabinda Incident Victory for Angola
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 8 Jun 85) cesscecsesececcceccescecseeeee

Tembo Calls for Commando Discipline, Alertness
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 8 Jun 85) .ccsecesescceccceceesscceseees

Air Force Alerted to Possible Air Attacks
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 8 Jun 85) ..sseeecccecccsceeessceeeneeee

Briefs
Dutch Grant Secured
Swedish Visa Rule Scrapped
Belgium Extends Health Assistance
Saudi Arabian Medical Supplies

ZIMBABWE

Mugabe's Opposition Gets Little Publicity in Press
(Michael Hartnack; DAILY DISPATCH, 13 Jun B5) sccecceccece

Training of Small Business Operators
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 23 Jun 85) ccseseeeeceereerccerecceceees

College Building Materials From Yugoslavia Rot
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 23 Jun 85) ..esecseeeceeeeeeeecseeeeeces

General Maseko Praises Army at Graduation Ceremony
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 23 Jun 85) .eceeeesceseeeeceeeeeeoeeeees

Briefs
Graduates Join Health Ministry

104

105

107

108

109

110

lll

112

113

113

114

114

115

117

118

119

120



THE FUEL shortage in Zambia,
which recently forced the country to
import 5 600 tonnes of diesel from
‘South Africa, is expé to be eased
with the arrival in Tanzania of a
67 000-tonne shipment of crude oil
destined for Zambia’s Ndola
refinery.

According to a recent edition of the
Africa Economic Digest (AED), the
shipment arrived at the Tanzanian port
of Dar es Salaam on June 1. Tazama
Pipelines, which operates the oil im-
port pipelines from there to Zambia,
has already begun pamping.

The consignment is expected to
meet demand into July and, the report
states, “bringing a temporary halt to re-
cent fuel shortages:

“Tazama had not pumped any crude
since early May and Chuula (Zambia’s
Power, Transport and Communica-
tions minister, Mr Fitzpatrick Chuu-
la) said the government had had to buy

$ 600 tonnes of diesel from South

Africa to alleviate shortages.
is is almost double the three
million-litre purchase announced in
early May and, with the crude ship-
ment, should ensure that there will be
no problem in bringing in the maize
harvest’’.

Zambia's shortage of fuel was

3400/582

NEW OIL SHIPMENT EASES SHORTAGE

caused by government problems in
negotiating a new oil facility with com-
mercial banks to replace the one which
expired on April 24, said the
magazine.

The main obstacle to agreement on
a 1985/86 facility is arrears on the
1984/85 facility caused by balance-of-
payments problems.’and has led to the
suspension of disbursements by com-
mercial banks.

Itis understood, however, that while
the 1985/86 facility is still far from be-
ing signed, the Zambian government
has in fact repaid some of its arrears.

107

JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 21 Jun 85 p 7

The 1984/85 facility has been extend-
ed, with the line of credit kept open
‘on a reduced level. It is on this basis
that the 67 000-tonne crude oil ship-
ment was financed.

AED says that any improvement in
Zambia's balance-of-payments situa-
tion will depend on “reactivation of
the IMF standby facility’. An IMF
team visited Zambia over April/May
and at a recent reciprocal visit to
Washington by Zambian officals, “*it

was hoped they would be able to fina-_

lise a new reform package". says the
AED.

ZAMBIA



Fragile

What will America's attitude be if, through its making, large-scale racial con-
flict develops in South Africa? Not that the Americans will be upset by what
becomes of such a small country thousands of kilometers away. But [the United
States cannot get away from the fact that certain groups project the struggle
here onto U.S. domestic policy.

It could develop into an unbearable dilemma for Americans should their country
be forced to openly choose sides in a black-white struggle. This could be dis-
astrous for its own fragile racial unity. Perhaps there are enough responsible
Americans who realize this and will stop in time.

12271
cso: 3401/223

66



JPRS~SSA~85~-066
26 July 1985

CHAD

PRESENCE OF GARRISON TRANSFORMS KALAIT INTO BOOMING CITY
Ndjamena INFO-CHAD in French 12 Jun 85 pp 1,2

[Text] When you live in Kalait, you get up early and go to bed late. The sun
rises well before 0800, and by 1000 hours its rays turn savage. Old hands
seek out a shady corner well ahead of time for their daily naps. Heads
swathed in a sand-colored shako, they sleep out the heat, awakening only when
the evening cool begins. The main activity during the bearable hours is the
interminable tea time with its languid exchange of gossip. The Kalait we
knew bore no resemblance to this one. Of course, the tea breaks are livelier,
but the real break in the monotony of the past comes from the presence of the
large FANT garrison, as well as from the influx of hundreds of people from the
occupied towns in the BET. [Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti]. Like a lighthouse on a
foggy night, Kalait lures the suffering sons of the BET. And so a real city
is born.

Along these vast, arid expanses of desert fringe, a single element keeps
people alive: water. And Kalait has that priceless boon in abundance. The
modern drilled wells and the traditional dug ones are more than sufficient to
the needs of a population growing by the day. A year ago, the forerunner of
the city was "a tiny dot in the BET ," no bigger than a hamlet. Over some
12 months, the efforts of the Pastoral Water Supply Agency, combined with
reinforcements from the military garrison, occupied the best efforts of
thousands of people. The military Engineer's lieutenant who is in charge of
eity planning for Kalait estimates that 13,000 souls live in or around Kalait.
"A city is born, and that calls for something special, like organizing
festivals," he says, to showcase all that has been accomplished here when the
president comes. Among those accomplishments, the lieutenant attaches
particular importance to the roads that now criss-cross the area. If you want
to go from the Sub-prefect's residence to the barracks, you have no choice but
to follow the path clearly marked with pickets. It is easy to understand the
concern at both ends. In this region, any open space is a road, and everybody
gets where he is going as best he can. The emergence of these obligatory
itineraries introduces a totally new concept here. Along with compliance with
regulations has come discipline. This is the more important in that Kalait is
a patchwork pieced together from hamlets and villages of disparate dimensions.
Linking one zone with another will be the hardest job the administration will
have to cope with.

21



quite distinct from cross-bor-
der operations against nation-
alist guerilla camps.

The SADF refused to “com-

. ment on speculation”.

Days after the railway fias-
co, infiltrators said to be survi-
vors of the shootout blew up a
road bridge linking Beira with
‘Maputo and Zimbabwe. The
bridge was closed for more
than six weeks.

In mid-November 1981
divers blew up 10 buoys mark-
ing the access channel to Beira
harbour. Mozambique claimed
the saboteurs had operated

from a submarine or “a fast
gunboat”.

An unidentified submarine
was sighted several times off
the Mozambican coast at the
time. On one occasion it was
spotted exchanging signals by
lamp with the shore about
100 km south of Beira.

Denying involvement in the
sabotage, the SADF spokesman
said: “African states are mak-
ing a habit of blaming South
Africa for everything that goes
wrong at home.”

Frequently evidence of
SADF involvement only
emerged after plans had gone
wrong. :

Several members of Colonel
Mike Hoare’s mercenary band
that staged an unsuccessful
Seychelles coup attempt be-
longed to a crack South African
commando unit.

In August 1982 Zimbabwe se-
curity forces shot dead three
members of a 17-strong SADF
group in the Sengwe tribal area
of south-eastern Zimbabwe.

Pretoria admitted that Staff
Sergeants David Berry, pre-

CSO: 3400/462

viously of the Rhodesian SAS,
i and John “Bluey” Wessels and

Sergeant’ Robert Beech, for-'

’, merly of the Rhodesia Light In-
fantry, were serving members
< of the SADF:

General Constand Viljoen an-

nounced that they had been on +

+an unauthorised foray against
a detention camp inside Zim-

babwe, hoping to free com- |

rades being held there.

Zimbabwe claimed they had ‘

been on their way to sabotage
the railway line from Maputo
to Zimbabwe.

Diplomats speculated at the

time that the patrol had been
cutting across Zimbabwe on its
way to Mozambique to support
the MNR.

On December 9, 1982, Mo-
zambique’s main oil-storage
depot at Beira was blown up
and Maputo said special com-
mandos from South Africa,
working with the MNR, had cut
across marshland from the
direction of Beira harbour to
plant their explosives.

The destruction of 37 tanks
and their contents caused a se-
vere fuel shortage in Mozambi-
que and Zimbabwe.

Several white expatriates
living in Beira were later
jailed for assisting the raiders.

In October 1982 Mozambique
accused South Africa of setting
up a base, complete with pow-
erful radio equipment, in Ma-
lawi from which the MNR
launched attacks on northern
Mozambique.

This, too, was denied by Pre-

|, toria. .
+" Botswana’s Government has

TM never received a satisfactory
: explanation for an incident in
November 1983 in which a Bo-
tswana Defence Force (BDF)
| patrol was involved in a shoot-
| out with six armed black men
| in the highly sensitive area
along the Zimbabwe border.

|’ The intruders fled into the
bush, abandoning two Trans-
; vaal-registered cars which in-
vestigations revealed had been
bought for cash in Pretoria
three days earlier by two white
men who gave fictitious names.

larly embarrassing for Pre-
toria coinciding, as it did, with
allegations by Prime Minister
Robert Mugabe that South
Africa was training and arm-
ing “Super Zapu” dissidents
terrorising Matabeleland and
operating from Botswana.

Among the thousands of ci-
vilians murdered by the dissi-
dents up to that time were 34
members of Zimbabwe's white
farming community.

In January 1984 an American
mercenary, Kenneth J Gaudet,
claimed in an interview with
Soldier of Fortune magazine
that he had served as a lance-
corporal in the pathfinder com-
pany of “the South African
Parachute Brigade”.

He said 90 percent of the
members of his unit were for-
eigners from the United States,
Britain, Australia, France,
Canada, and Zimbabwe, who
worked closely with Dr Jonas
Savimbi’s rebel Unita guerilla
force and carried out sabotage
operations in Angola. ~

That affair proved particu-_



In the symposium's opening hours, Leander Mboimo, who is a sculptor widely
admired in Africa and Spain, described the proper attitude for African artists
to take. Said he: "Authenticity is not equivalent to systematic plagiarism;
each era has its own criteria, its own forms. The artist must of course
assert his intimate, personal expression, even as he adapts to contemporary
techniques and materials."

In Mbomio's view, the Bantu world is a world of synthesis. Ought we to banish
the foreign, Western canons? No. What we must do, on the contrary, is to
round out and engage in dialogue with these other forms of expression:
"Diversity is synonymous with richness," was his brilliant conclusion.

Bantuvision

In addition to this artists’ association, CICIBA plans to present some unique
entertainment in 1987 to mark the opening of its Libreville Center!
Bantuvision will cost some 200 million CFA francs and will follow in the
footsteps of the extraordinary Africavision, a program telecast from
Libreville and eagerly watched in a multiplicity of countries throughout the
world.

An African press conference was delighted by CICIBA's generous endowment. The
fact is that this center gets enormous funding for its projects. On 11 April
1985, just north of Gabon's capital, President Omar Bongo laid the cornerstone
for what is to be the CICIBA complex at Okala, which will cover 30 hectares.

According to Gabon's Public Works Minister, Jean-Boniface Assele, the initial
phase of construction will cost 6,990 billion CFA. Three Gabonese companies
will share the work: Socobam Edptl, and Hassan Hedhedj (a Lebanese
businessman who has handled a number of government contracts).

In its final phase, the CICIBA complex will call for 14,135 billion CFA in
equipment, construction, landscaping, etc. The biennial, which was staged to
encourage and exhibit the plastic arts, had a double endowment: 25 million
CFA from Elf-Gabon and 20 million CFA from CICIBA, not including the prizes.

The 1986 budget, already approved by the government council, will come to
approximately 202 million CFA, and a certain amount of restraint will be
called for in order to avoid going over budget. Officials remember that Bantu
recording back in 1985 which cost close to 45 million and whose distribution
is for the moment problematical: the albums are stored in CICIBA's temporary
quarters in the suburbs south of Libreville pending a decision.

MUNTU magazine, which covers cultural and scientific events, also costs a lot
of money. CICIBA, however, is not easily daunted: in its files are plans for
an atlas of the Bantu world, as well as a data bank, estimates on which are
not yet available.

It will be a delicate task to set up such a data bank that must operate in

four languages (French, Portuguese, English, and Spanish). A master plan had
been commissioned with a Libreville computer firm, but thus far, one might

26



expansion to other campuses. ‘The possibility of success at the national level
is reinforced by the fact that a student organization such as the ASB is now
becoming more and more involved in leftist politics.

8117
CSO: 3401/233

95



tional consequences, even the sanctions. The other group says: No, we are now
where we are, we can defend the border and SWA, but we cannot again make any in-
cursions into southern Angola. Such an action would give us unacceptably high
South African losses, and moreover we would run the risk of sanctions. Are there
two such schools of thought? You are sometimes regarded as a "dove" who advo-
cates the latter thinking and General Van der Westhuizen as a "hawk" who favors
the former.

[Answer] ‘The two approaches are not mutually exclusive. I would not place my-
self in either category. It amuses me that people see me as a "dove" rather
than a “hawk"'--although I can understand this--but for me it all has to do with
making the right decision for a specific place and a specific time, If the An-
golans do not make full use of the Lusaka Agreement to create peace in the so-
called "area in question" in southern Angola; if they persist in letting SWAPO
do whatever it wants, then I should not be surprised, to tell you the truth,

to see the day come when I stand on the "hawk" side. Why shouldn't we make
one more coup across the border to rid the world of SWAPO bases? For me this
is a great source of concern, for if we did this, we would only spoil the cli-
mate for international negotiations once again, and I now regard the climate as
relatively favorable.

[Question] I accept the fact that South Africa wants to avoid an invasion, but

say that it feels constrained to invade, is it correct to say that next time
the losses will be much higher?

[Answer] No, I should not say so. So much depends on plain chance. Our loss~
es are relatively low in comparison with situations in other parts of the world
or with similar situations in the past. As a result of a concurrence of cir-
cumstances or a lucky shot by the enemy, a transport vehicle may be shelled,
thus doubling your losses. Notwithstanding, our losses are still always very
OW.

[Question] Is it true that most of those who die are black South-West Africans
and that the number of Whites who fall in battle each year is still under a
hundred?

[Answer] The white casualties are still far below the hundred mark.

[Question] We have just now finally withdrawn from Angola. Was the combat in
SWA and Angola over the past ten years meaningful when viewed from the South
African side?

[Answer] It was meaningful, because in areas such as the eastern Caprivi Strip
terrorist activities ceased after 1978 and lives were spared. Also the politi-
cal development in SWA has become settled in terms of the formation of depart-
ments. Furthermore, the way things were before, only SWAPO as a political par-
ty had an army. When SWAPO was knocked down a peg, this unequal situation with
respect to the other parties of SWA was thwarted. The other parties can now
also compete with SWAPO on a more equal footing. We militated against a situ-
ation where SWAPO was regarded by other governments as the sole representative
of the people of SWA. We have made productive contacts with the front line
nations and with the Western Five, and a much more wholesome political situa-

88



CORRESPONDENT DESCRIBES CONFERENCE IN JAMBA
Johannesbutg THE STAR in English 8, 9 Jun 85
[Article by Gary van Staden]

[8 Jun 85 p 22]

[Text] JAMBA (Angola) — Delegates from right-wing guerilla

movements, who attended this week’s conference at
Unita’s headquarters and provisional capital here, left
the Angolan bush both impressed and a little envious of
what they had seen. .

Delegates from Afghanistan, Laos and Nicaragua joined
Unita to declare their solidarity with the anti-Soviet
“imperialism” cause and to form an historic alliance of
right-wing guerilla groups. i

And what Unita had to show them clearly left its mark.

For a start the conference was held in a large area of An-
gola controlled by Unita with the Luanda Government apparently
powerless to do anything about it.

To the Afghans, who are
largely confined to their moun-
tain strongholds, and the Nica-
raguan Contras and Laosian
guerillas, who are not even able
to establish bases inside the
countries they are “liberating”,
the sheer size of the Unita-con-
trolled area was stunning.

But Dr Jonas Savimbi, head of
Unita, had other surprises for
his distinguished guests. ’

At Jamba the delegates were
housed in comfortable quarters,
fed good food and given all they
needed to drink from coffee to
imported whisky. The town has
electric power, roads and a con-
ference centre, all of which
seemed to have just appeared
out of the bush.

“This is a big event, I think
the Russians will take notice of
this,” Dr Savimbi said proudly.

“This is very impressive,”
said one Afghan delegate.

Dr Savimbi was not through
showing off yet.

First on the list was a visit to
Unita’s training ground 4 few
kilometres from Jamba where
81mm _ mortar batteries went
through their paces, a mock at-
tack (using live ammunition)
was demonstrated and trainees
covered an obstacle course
under a hail of automatic fire
(again using live ammunition).

The mortar crews fired round
after round of US-made ammu-
nition with pinpoint accuracy
which was just as well because
there was a music lesson being
conducted in a little thatched
room in the middle of the range.

Next came the mock attack
where a Unita patrol was fired
on from a nearby clump of trees
and they proceeded to demon-

_ Strate how they would go about

dealing with such a situation.
The entire exercise was con-

JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

ANGOLA



vote against the new constitution, so that the traditions and ideals of the
Whites could survive.

The declared goals of the ASF include the scientific evaluation of separate de-
velopment, the recognition of a people's right to its own political structures
and the right of the Whites to self-determination. In this way it sets for it-
self the goal of fostering unabashed Afrikaner loyalty.

In the 18 months since its foundation the ASF has produced a turn-around in stu-
dent political life at UP. Where political conversation had formerly been ex-
pressed in leftist terms, the great majority of conservatives now have an asso-
ciation that has articulated the political attitude and ideals of the average
Afrikaner student. So it was not surprising when 750 students showed up on 13
March last year at the first public assembly of the ASF, to listen to Dr A.P.
Treurnicht as guest speaker. On this occasion, the chairman of the ASF, Mr
Kok, placed great emphasis on the association's pursuit of a white democracy
and a separate fatherland.

Upon the foundation of the Afrikaner People's Guard (AV) last year, the ASF
promised its full support to the new cultural movement. When leftist propa-
gandists tried shortly thereafter to catch the AV leader, Prof Carel Boshoff
off guard politically, demanding his resignation as full professor at UP, the
ASF reacted immediately. It distributed a protest paper, in which Prof Bos-
hoff's right to freedom of opinion and action was defended. The role of the
ASF in ensuring the failure of that attack against Prof Boshoff strengthened
the sharp rightist shift in student politics.

At the time of its first anniversary of existence, the ASF also held a success-
ful meeting at which Mr Louis Stofberg, secretary-general of the HNP, spoke to

the students. this meeting was followed up by a conference at which Prof A.D.

Pont of the Dutch Reformed Church (NHK) and Mr Daan Van der Merwe, MP for Ris-

sik, appeared as speakers.

This year the ASF has become stronger and stronger. In order to foster con-
tact among students, the association brought to birth on 5 March its campus
monthly, the ASF NEWS. Since then, four issues have already appeared, and
leftist opposition to the paper's political statements has still never amounted
to anything more than a bickering over technical points.

In response to pressure for a protest meeting against the contemplated repeal
of Article 16 of the immorality law and the law forbidding mixed marriages,
the ASF invited Mr Jaap Marais, the leader of the HNP to address the students.
The uneasy shuffling of the leftists was almost audible when Mr Marais ad-
dressed a largely rightist audience of 800 students on the campus.

Many students were in agreement that the granting of an honorary doctorate in
public administration to Mr P.W. Botha could not be justified in the present
political situation. In this, too, the ASF expressed the opinion of the stu-
dent masses. The association published a statement in which the merits of
such an award were strongly doubted.

With the ASF well entrenched on the UP campus, and the continued growth of op-
position nationwide to campus integration, the possibility has now surfaced of

94



INTENSIFIED BORDER TRADE TO CURB SMUGGLING

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 11 Jun 85 p 1

[Text]

3400/584

ZAMBIA plans to intensify”
trade with neighbourin;
countries to curb smuggl-
ing along her borders,
Party ecretary-General
Zulu said in Chililabombwe
yesterday.

Mr Zulu spoke when he
addressed Party militants
at Kasumbalesa border
post, at the start of his
tour of the Copperbeit
Province.

Mr Zulu ‘said the public
should help fight smugel-
ing which posed a danger
to Zambia's economy.

The Party and _ its
Government had initiated
business with neighbours
on a small-scale. Increased
trade could lessen the
illegal activities.

He urged customs’ and
immigration. officers to
protect the good image of
Zambia through dedication
to duty. The officers should
guard against corruption
and bribery.

The Government was
aware of their problems
like that of accommodation
but implored them to make
sacrifices. -

“| know you are honest
people, but smugglers are
acunning lot."* In the past.
smuggling was on a small
scale, Now it had assumed
greater dimensions which
zalled for better and more
sophisticated means to
combat it.

99

Zambia's economic sur-
vival lies in hard work. Mr
Zulu’ called for a ‘quick
deployment of unemployed
people . to agricultural
industry.

He made the call when
he addressed district Party.
leaders. Government heads
of department. chiefs,

labour. and church officials:

at Lubengele hall.

“Please have enough
courage to tell your un-
employed relatives that they
hold the key to get Zambia
out of her economic crisis.””

The wealth of any count-
ty lay in the labour output
of its people. From now on
the slogan should be: ‘*No
sweat no'sweet’no work no
food.’”

This may sound harsh in
a country striving to serve
the interests of its people
along socialist. _ lines
through Humanism. but a
more radical approach was
required to achieve our
economic objectives, he
said.

,On assertions by Mr Ka-
panduia that most smug-
glers came from other
towns like Kabwe and
Lusaka. Mr Zulu said the
fact that these people were
not caught and charged
meant that some Chilila-
bombwe' residents were
involved in the racket.

JPRS~SSA~85-066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA



MUGABE'S OPPOSITION GETS LITTLE PUBLICITY IN PRESS

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 13 Jun 85 p 12

{Article by Michael Hartnack]

[Text]

Only three days before
the announcement that
Zimbabwe's first post-in-
dependence general
election would be held
between June 27 and
July 2, the country’s Ro-
man Catholic Justice
and Peace Commission
issued a warning about
“the conditions that must
prevail if the poll is not
only to be free and fair
but to achieve internal
and international cred-
ibility as well.

The “necessary
recipe,” stated the com-
mission, includes fair
and unbiassed coverage
for all the parties in Zim-
babwe’s own local news
media.

In fact, all news out

lets here, however, are
effectively state control-
led, and so to a greater
or lesser degree support
Mr Robert Mugabe's rul-
_ing Zanu(PF) party. .
‘ The two notable ex-
ceptions are the monthly
magazine Moto, which is

ublished by the Catho- |
lic Church's own Mambo '
Press, and the weekly Fi-|
nancial Gazette.

Moto enjoys a wide
readership among the
semi-skilled and profes:
sional classes of blacks,
and although it does not
go in for daring investi-
gative reporting, carries
articles which are aca-
demically critical of Za-

nu(PF) ideology along-
side much that is pro-
government.

In its own cautious
way, too, the Financial
Gazette has kept its
largely white readership
in the influential busi-
ness and farming com-
munities well informed
about official misdeeds,
particularly in the econ-
omic sphere. It has come

under savage attack
from time to time for
doing so.

However, neither

Moto nor the Financial
Gazette would ever
dream of urging their
readers to vote against
Zanu(PF).

Whereas - no other
news outlet here would
ever hesitate before urg-
ing readers or listeners
to vote for Zanu(PF).

The two national daily
papers published in Ha-
rare and Bulawayo, the
two cities’ Sunday news-
papers, and the weekly
Manica Post published
in Mutare, come under
the para-statal Mass
Media Trust which owns
a majority shareholding
in Zimbabwe . News-
papers Ltd (once the
highly profitable South
African Argus Group-
subsidiary, the Rhode-
sian Printing and Pub-
lishing Company).

But no newspaper has

115

been as slavish in pursu-
ing the Zanu(PF) line as
radio and_ television
have under the direction
of the state-owned Zim-
babwe Broadcasting
Corporation, most of
whose policy makers
were. recruited from the
wartime “Radio Free
Zimbabwe” in Maputo.

The ZBC_ Director-
General, Mr Tirivavi
Kangai (brother of the
Technology Minister, Mr
Kumbirai Kangai) has
announced that parties
will be able to buy com-
mercial broadcasting
time during the election
campaign only if they
avoid “negative” ma-
terial and do not “ques-
tion Zimbabwe's nat-
ional institutions”.

Among “national insti-
tutions” defined by Mr
Kangai are Parliament,
the judiciary, President
Canaan Banana, and —
unigue among the
world’s prime ministers

in receiving such status
—Mr Mugabe himself.

What appears te be a
new reporting policy by
the ZBC was reflected in
its bulletins of June 2
when, for the first time
in years, stations men-
tioned the name of a gov-
ernment opponent out-

side the context of an.

attack on him by a Za-
nu(PF) speaker.

JPRS~SSA~85-066

26 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

Remarks. made by the
Zapu leader, Mr Joshua
Nkomo, at a rally that
day in Bulawayo were
reported briefly among

: local news items, Then

the ZBC newswriters felt
it necessary to add that
“political observers” be-
lieved Mr Nkomo’s ef-
forts were “the last kicks
of a dying horse”.

Yet there is an ob-
vious demand for news
about the Zapu leader,
even outside his tradit-
ional area of support-in

: Matabeleland.

On days when news of
Mr Nkomo hits the front
page of the pro-govern- |
ment Bulawayo daily,
the Chronicle, there is a
mad scramble for copies
when they go on sale in
the streets of Harare
shortly after noon.

The Chronicle's sister
per, the Herald, has
y that hour already
been on sale in Harare
since before dawn, con-
taining most of the news
items printed in the Bu-
lawayo daily..

By far the most inde-
pendent line tolerated
from any Mass Media
Trust newspaper is that
of the Sunday Mail. Its
editor, Mr Willie Musa-
rurwa, is a former offic-
ial of Zapu, although he
now maintains a dis-
creet distance between
himself and Mr Nkomo’s
party.



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

SENEGAL

PEASANTS TERMED 'VICTIMS' OF NEW GOVERNMENT POLICY

Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 25 May - 8 Jun 85 pp 8-9
[Article by M.F.: "Agricultural Harvest; Peasants Are Victims of Statistics"]

[Text] Peasants produced 600,000 tons of peanuts. They
consumed 200,000 tons of them, sold 200,000 tons to the
state, and 200,000 tons on the non-official market.
And if these figures were false...

By force of circumstances the question of seeds has become a national
question overshadowing for the time being the other problems of the rural
world. The minister of rural development is no stranger to the
turbulence which is buffeting not only the political world but also the
peasants, who are the first to be concerned.

In trying to explain his New Agricultural Policy [NAP] he ended up expressing
views which were challenged even within his own party. And it is a miracle
that Bator Diop has not yet placed peasants among the ranks of those "anti-
nationals" who want to knock out the economy completely by exploiting the
notorious but invisible non-official market in order to enrich themselves
illegally. In fact it is on the basis of an analysis of the peanut marketing
season made by the Ministry of Rural Development that measures concerning
seeds were taken, measures that strongly resemble sanctions.

The peanut harvests were officially estimated at 669,231 tons for oil and
13,185 tons for individual consumption. What are these estimates based on?
The question is worth asking since the estimates have been at the bottom of
all the problems. Actually, the state was able to buy only 231,000 tons of
peanuts while it was anticipating 450,000 tons, after allowing for individual
consumption. That means the non-official market swallowed up more than
200,000 tons, which, at the price of 100 CFA frances per kilogram, represents
20 billion CFA frances. If the estimates are correct, one must ask oneself
how many Senegalese can dispose of such a sum, and how were 200,000 tons of

62



Swartes 45°

Expenditures for each of the various State revenues from personal income
groups by the state taxes and GST

KEY: Blankes = Whites
Indiers = Indians
Kleurlinge = Coloreds
Swartes = Blacks

At the same time the Whites also contribute the greatest share of the GST. In
1985-86, state revenues from this source will amount to about 8 300 million
rands. Corporations and other institutions will contribute about 1 300 mil-
lion. The remaining 7 000 million rands can be divided among the various
groups in the same proportion as their respective components, in total wages
and salaries. According to this, the Whites pay about 60 percent, or 4 200
million rands, of the total GST revenue, and the non-white groups taken as a
whole pay 40 percent, or 2 800 million rands.

The estimated expenditures in outlays that are directly identifiable with the

affairs of each population group for 1985-86 is as follows: Whites: 4 200 mil-
lion rands (38 percent); Coloreds: 1 320 million rands (12 percent); Indians:

560 million rands (5 percent) and Blacks: 5 000 million rands (45 percent).

If the outlay for each group is expressed as a percentage of the taxes collect-
ed from that group, the figures are as follows: Whites: 34.1 percent; Coloreds:
163.0 percent; Indians: 121.7 percent and Blacks: 205.8 percent.

The outlay for exclusively non-white affairs thus far exceeds the revenues that

are recouped from Non-Whites; the latter contribute 3 700 rands in taxes, while
6 880 rands are spent on them.

68



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

ANGOLA

COFFEE INDUSTRY FIGURES GIVEN

Nairobi THE KENYA TIME in English 8 Jun 85 p 13

[Yext] Rwanda, Friday. Angola plans to revive its coffee industry, hit by
civil war, and the exodus of thousands of experienced Portuguese farmers at
the time of independence in 1975, the country's coffee chief said.
Vice-minister of Agriculture for coffee Caetano Joao said output fell to
under 24,000 tonnes last year, about eight per cent of the record 1973 crop
of 280, 000 tonnes achieved shortly before the Portuguese exodus and rebel
activity began to affect Angola's main coffee-growing region,

Foreign exchange earnings were satisfactory despite the fall in production,
he said, Last year Angola earned 579 million from coffee exports compared
with 1975 revenue of $113 million on almost seven times the tonnage.

Export

Angola planned to export at least 30,000 tonnes of coffee by 1990 and 60,000
tonnes by 1995, he said.

Joao, who is also head of the Angolan National Coffee Institute which co-
ordinated policy, said although exports had slipped to 22,750 tonnes last
year from 26,000 in 1983, income rose to $79 million from $71 million.
Annual domestic consumption was only 1,000 tonnes, he added.

The increase in income was the result of improved quality through the intro-
duction of advanced processing machinery.

cso: 3400/589

13



JPRS~SSA-85-066
26 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

LARGE ATTENDANCE AT AV CONGRESS--Arrangements for the mammoth People's Congress
on the theme of the threat of American liberalism are in their final stages.
Last-minute registrations are being received from delegates at an increased tem-
po by the Afrikaner People's Guard (AV) office in Pretoria, and all indications
are that the People's Congress will be well attended. Great interest prevails,
especially since the leader of the AV, Prof Carel Boshoff, the leader of the
HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party], Mr Jaap Marais, and the KP [Conservative Par-
ty] leader, Dr Andries Treurnicht, are to appear. All three will address the
assembly on Friday evening, 30 May in the Pretoria City Hall. To all inquiries,
the American embassy in Pretoria has refused to comment on the People's Con-
Bross and its theme. [Text] [Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 29 May 85
pl] 8117

CSO: 3401/232

96



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

ANGOLA

ARRIVAL OF KOREAN FORCE, PRESENCE OF KOREAN BASES REPORTED
Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 13 Jun 85 p 2

[Text]

PARIS: A 3:000-strong. North
.Korean military contingent has
arrived in Angola as combat
troops and to help train Swapo,

than 2.000 troops. it is a
training ground for
Swapo guerillas and
houses the families of
former Katangese gen-

* darmes;

ANC and Angolan t units, the reli- @-A camp situated on
able Lettre d’Afrique newslet- the Atlantic coast 30 ki-
ter has reported. lometres south of Am-

They have joined 500 North Ko-
rean military instructors had
training Swapo’s guerilla army.

The newsletter, known to have closé
ties with French intelligence sources,
gave detailed information about five
North Korean camps and bases in An-

gola: ,

It said the information had ‘never:
been made public.

The five camps situat-—
ed north and north-east
of Luanda, are:
© The main base, half- .
way between Luanda |
and Carmona, not far~
from Quibaxe. Perma-
nent garrison buildings
here house 2000 North
Koreans. They are com-
bat troops, but are also |
training 200 soldiers
from Sao Tome;
© A camp near Pango
Aluquem, a wooded area
near the main camp
which can also hold more

cso: 3400/589

18

briz on the banks of the

‘river Izo. This is a purely

North Korean base;

© A camp halfway be-
tween Ambriz and Caxi-
to. About 500 North Ko-
reans are based there
and they are training a
250-man strong comman-
do of the ANC;

© A camp not far from
Caxito where North Ko-
reans train Swapo and
Angolan army units.

The arrival of the
North Koreans could
mean preparations are
being made for the even-
tual: withdrawal of part
of the Cuban military
contingent of between
25 000 and 30 000.

There are North Kore-
an units in eight African
countries, but they have
never committed more
than 500 troops before.
They played a leading
‘role in training the Zim-
babwean army.



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

SHIP SCHEDULED TO DELIVER IRANIAN GIFT OF SUPPLIES
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 27 May 85 p 3

{Text] Maputo--A ship carrying a sizable donation made up of various kinds of
foodstuffs, a truck and a bus is scheduled to arrive in Mozambique from Iran
this week. This was announced at a press conference held in this city by the
charge d'affaires at the embassy of that Middle Eastern country, Ahmad
Naghmeh.

This gift, with an estimated value of millions of meticals, includes among
other things 4500 tons of wheat, 4,050 tons of rice and 4,000 kilograms of
corn meal, in addition to 60 tons of fruit and tinned fish. Also included in
the gift in addition to the above are 90, 60, 12, 10 and 30 tons of grains,
powdered milk, crackers, soap and sugar, respectively.

According to the statement made by Ahmad Naghmeh, 4 tons of cooking oil, 30
tons of medicines and 10 tons of inner tubes are also being sent, as well as a
truck and a bus.

The charge d'affaires at the Iranian embassy in Maputo said that this gift is
the result of contributions from the Iranian people through the Red Cross in
that country, in a real act of solidarity with the people of Mozambique.
Ahmad Naghmeh stressed, moreover, that "although our two countries have been
involved in prolonged wars, they have never caused us to halt our
participation in good faith in humanitarian acts."

In answer to a question posed by newsmen, this diplomat said that the
distribution of the items now being offered to Mozambique will be the
responsibility of the local government entirely. "However, we will offer our
support in the process of their distribution," he said.

It was reported that the Iranian vessel in question is currently unloading a
gift destined for the people of Tanzania at the port of Dar es Salaam. It is
scheduled to leave there early in the week bound for our country via the port
of Nacala, in Nampula, where it will offload a part of the gift, subsequently
docking in Maputo.

Speaking about the relations between his country and Mozambique, this official
of the Iranian embassy in Maputo said that "the 2 years of friendship between

47



first do a study of the composition and diffusion of the population within the
district. In many cases you have an oversupply. In the cities especially, you
have many young people and fewer older ones. There you will not need to use
candidates from the older population, for you have a surplus of young men. But
on the borders and in the outlying districts, you get situations where the ave-
rage age is about 60. The implementation started more than two years ago now,
and we are still daily occupied with it. Whether the Eastern Province is one of
the districts I do not want to say off the top of my head.

[Question] Do you see the implementation of this draft as something controver-
sial in national politics, white politics?

[Answer] One or several months ago, we moved around a bit within the 27th dis-
trict, and about the time we were implementing the law there, some of the dis-
tricts were having by-elections or referenda in which potential problems would
possibly surface. But we really did not encounter a single problem that gave
us any headaches.

[Question] Why is it that Stellenbosch men are now being called up for the
"Dad's Army"? Stellenbosch doesn't have any riot problem, does it?

[Answer] It is simply part of a general program that began some time ago, be-
fore the recent disturbances. The Stellenbosch call-up is an unfortunate hap-
penstance that now comes up for comment whenever riot situations are the topic
of discussion.

8117
CSO: 3401/234

92



DIAMOND WINNERS URGED TO FORM COOPERATIVES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 15 Jun 85 p 8

[Article by Samuel Kyei-Boateng]

[Text]

cso:

PRIVATE diamond winners have
been advised to organise themselves
into co-operative societies to enable
them to expand their diamond winn-
ing business.

0} ‘ive will also help to mini-

egal mi

lamsey" which has been depriving the
government of the required foreign ex-
change from diamond winnings to carry
out its national development programme.

Mr George Grant Agyepong, Birim.
District Co-operative Officer, gave this
advice when he inaugurated the reconsti-
tuted Oda Co-operative Diamond Winn-
ers Society Limited at a ceremony at
Akyem Oda.

He re-echoed-the determination of the
PNDC to put the country’s economy on a
sound footing and said what is expected of
all Ghanaians, especially those in the

luctive sectors is to help the govern-

3400/570

ing popularly called “ga-°

ment to generate sufficient foreign ex-
change towards the success of the Econo-
ic Recovery Programme.

Mr Agyepong commended the society
for obtainingalgroup concession, which he
said showed a clear testimony of practical
co-operation.

The District Co-operative Officer
warned the members against litigation
which affects productivity. He also re-
minded them that a co-operative society
is a conscious association of people by
their own free will and as a basis of equa-
lity with the objective of providing them-,
sel ves with economic and social benefits.

beng Kissi, president of the society,
urged the new members to co-operate with
him to achieve the objectives of the so-
ciety.

He disclosed that the society had ac-_

quired 44.14 square miles of land at Da
sani near Assin Praso in the Central Re
gion for diamond winning.

30

JPRS~SSA~85-066
26 July 1985

GHANA



FNLA DEAD, SAYS EX-LEADER

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Jun 85 p 3

[Text]

LUANDA, Wednesday.
JOHNY Eduardo Pinnock.
-a former leader of the now
defunct Front for the Na-
tional Liberation of Angola
(FNLA), during» an
interview with the ‘Portu-
guese newspaper O Diario
admitted that the puppet
organisation to which he
belonged no longer exists
because most of its former
members ave now inte-
grated into the Angolan
people.

“FNLA no longer exists,
because most of its former
members voluntarily hand-

CSO: 3400/589

ed themselves over.’””

Mr Pinnock said his re-
turn to Angola about a year
ago, was as a result of deep
introspection, after he had
finally understood, that
holden Roberto the
leader of FNLA was an
agent of the United States
Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA).

. “After many years, [have

come to understand that
Roberto and his masters
were distorting the essence
of the struggle of the popu-
lation that had confidence
in the movement.””

Mr Pinnock who was the
prime minister of the
FNLA in the transitional
government denounced the
Portuguese government
in 1974 was planning to in-

‘stitute its colonies, Angola

included, a. federal of
multi-racial states, with
some form of autonomy,
but then Portugal would
have remained responsible
for external relations, def-
ence and the economy.

That neo-colonial project
was above all defended by
General Antonio Spinola
and by the former prime

14

JPRS~SSA=85~066

26 July 1985

ANGOLA

minister of Portugal Mario
Soares. The idea of that
federation was supported
by the extinct FNLA,
UNITA and some African
countries.



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

DPRK ECONOMIC COOPERATION--Minister of State for the Presidency Armando
Guebuza has announced that Mozambique and Korea will establish two enterprises
in the civil construction sector in Maputo this year. Korean technicians will
participate, within the framework of agreements already signed by the two
countries. Minister Armando Guebuza, who is on a tour of Far Eastern
countries, gave this information to the DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE correspondent in
Pyongyang. According to that Beira daily newspaper, Armando Guebuza arrived
in Pyongyang on 20 May to deliver a message from President Samora Machel to
his Korean counterpart, Kim Il-song. The same source reported that although
there are other sectors in which Mozambique and Korea will cooperate,
agriculture is the principal focus now "because Mozambique urgently needs to
resolve the problem of self-sufficiency in food." [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 4 Jun 85 p 8] 5157

BULGARIA AIDS AMASP--The second secretary at the embassy of the People's
Republic of Bulgaria in Maputo, Ivan Kotov, has presented the Mozambican
Association for Friendship and Solidarity With the Peoples (AMASP) with 600
kilograms of carpeting for its new headquarters. The gift was accepted by the
secretary general of the AMASP, Abner Sansao Muthemba, at a ceremony held in
the headquarters of that solidarity organization. Abner Sansao Muthemba
thanked the Bulgarian people for this gesture made through the Committee for
Solidarity With the Peoples of Africa and Asia, particularly in this phase
when our country is the target of actions by the armed bandits. [Text]
{Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 2 June 85 p 3] 5157

EFRIPEL VESSEL BURNS--The shrimp-fishing vessel Rogel owned by Mozambique
Fishing Cold Storage Warehouse, Ltd. (EFRIPEL), a mixed Japanese-Mozambican
enterprise, is tied up at Wharf 6 in the port of Beira as a result of serious
damage caused by a fire on board several days ago. Although there were no
serious injuries, the disaster caused major damage, initially estimated at
about 3,000 contos in Japanese currency. This information was obtained from
the deputy director of that enterprise who, at the head of a rescue team, has
been in Beira since yesterday. The cause of the fire is unknown, and the
pertinent bodies will investigate. However, it is known that the fire broke
out in the galley at about 5 pm.last Tuesday. Initially, the crew members
tried to put it out with the means available, but seeing that it was
spreading, they turned to neighboring enterprises (CFM [Mozambique Railroad]-
Central and EMOPESCA) until fire trucks arrived. The fire was put out at
gpproximately 11 pm. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 1 Jun
5 p 3] 5157

CSO: = 3442/312 58



JPRS~SSA-85~066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA

TEMBO CALLS FOR COMMANDO DISCIPLINE, ALERTNESS
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 8 Jun 85 p 5

{T _
ZAMBIA Army commander Lieutenant-
Gereral Christon Tembo has called for strict
discipline among the defence force’s com-

mandos.

Officiating at a
pass-out parade of the
second group of com-
mandos at the unit’s
headquarters in Ndola
yesterday, Gen Tembo
said he had received
disturbing reports of
indiscipline among
commandos when the
unit was based _ in
Katete, Eastern Pre-
vince.

“This was a very bad show
which I do not want repeat-
ed here. A unit like this
must stay free from any
conflicts - or controversies
especially with the heavy
local population here."’ he
said.

In times of war they
would need the support of.
the local people. If they did
not cultivate good living re-
lationships with them in
times of peace it would be
difficult to do so when the
need arose.

The Copperbelt was a
more volatile area than
Eastern Province. ‘‘ While
people in Katete did not
react to your provocations,
the people here can easily
tise against you and refuse
to cooperate if they find
that you do not treat them
well. To be fot

“be forearmed.” he said.

cso: 3400/585

The Copperbelt was ‘ta
very sensitive part of Zam-
bia’’ where provocations
abound. But like any highly
qualified person, cot
mandos must display ma:
imum discipline. simplicity
and tolerance while mai
taining the highest vigi-
lance.

Gen Tembo who express-
ed his regret at the death of
one commando during

training said his. death.
should ‘serve ‘as a serious~

lesson. Others should learn
that in the course of their
serious duties. they were in
the shadows of death.

‘Hence the need for you
to apply yourselves totally
to carry out your mission
successfully. Your motto
must be to get the enemy
before he gets you."

As commandos they were
weapons themselves. The
training that they had re-
ceived was sufficient
armour for them to neutra-
lise an enemy and to defend
themselves effectively.

But he warned against
the use of weapons on in-
nocent people. “Anybody
found abusing this
weapon you have got now
will be dealt with seri-
ously.”

He told the graduates
that Zambia was enjoying
relative peace but there
were indications that the

111

calm and quiet was not total
or permanent as the insta-
bilities in neighbouring
countries spilt into Zambia.

“‘As an army. we must
always be ready to repel
any enemy intrusions into
our country. In addition we
must penetrate our enemy
lines with a view not only to
identify the motives but
also neutralise the sources
of external destabilisation.

“You are the instru-
ments of this neutralisa-
tion."’ Gen Tembo told the
commandos. .

He promised to look
into the problems the unit
was facing because of in-
adequate funding.

After the pass-out the
graduates who were the
first group to be instructed
by Zambian instructors put
up demonstrations in vari-
ous types of armed and un-
armed combats including a
Tescue operation.

Unit commander Lieute-
nant-Colone! Mark Waluka
said that out of 398 men
only 179 completed the
course and qualified as
commandos while...out. of.
35 officers onty’ four: corh-
pleted and qualified.

Col Waluka said durin,
training which lasted it
months instead of nine be-
cause of moving camp from
Katete to Ndola one private
“Valentine Mwansa died.



JPRS~SSA~85~066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

DUTCH GRANT SECURED--The Netherlands government has given Zambia K44 million
grant to import raw materials and revamp her small-scale industries. Of this
amount, K16,4 million is meant to reduce Zambia's balance of payments, The
grant was clinched at the end of the annual bilateral consultations between
the two countries held in Lusaka on Wednesday. The Zambian team was headed by
National Commission for Development Planning acting permanent secretary Mr
Wasamunu Lafafa while The Netherlands was led by head of South Africa division
Mr Roelof Harkema, The Netherlands government will provide K9.2 million to
aid projects mainly concentrated in the Western Province while K7,1 million
has been set aside for technical assistance, The Netherlands has earmarked
K4,2 million to be spread over four years to promote cooperation between its
universities and the University of Zambia (Unza). "Within the framework of The
Netherlands programme for rural development, an additional amount of K2.5
million will be set aside for a period of two years for the Kalabo agricultural
project," Mr Lufafa said. In reply, Mr Harkema said his country was committed
to assisting Zambia in solving her problems, but stressed the need for Zambia
to mobilise her physical and human resources. "Yet we agree that she needs
external help to speed up her economic development." [Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF
ZAMBIA in English 14 Jun 85 p 1]

SWEDISH VISA RULE SCRAPPED~-Zambia and Sweden have abolished visa requirements
for their nationals travelling to either country. The agreement to waive the
visa requirement was signed in Lusaka yesterday between acting Minister of
Foreign Affairs Mr Frederick Chomba and Swedish ambassador to Zambia Mr Jan
Olander. Mr Chomba who is Minister of Home Affairs said the agreement would
herald a new phase in relationships between the two countries. He was happy
that the relations between the two countries were warm, adding that Zambia
had enjoyed help given by Sweden. “Our two countries have been closely as-
sociated for a long time. Zambia has benefited from the bilateral relations,"
he said. The removal of the visa requirements would facilitate travel of the
nationals from the two countries to either Zambia or Sweden, Mr Olander
agreed with Mr Chomba that the agreement was a sign of the close cooperation
that existed between the two countries. He noted that Sweden and Zambia shared
identical views on various international issues. "This agreement will con-
tribute to make contact easier between the two people," he said. [Text]
[Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 12 Jun 85 p 5]

113



DETAILS OF CABINDA INCIDENT GIVEN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Jun 85 p 20

[Text]

Cabinda, the tiny province be-
longing to Angola, is not geogra- H
phically linked to the ‘country |
but it is there that more than
90 percent of its foreign ex-.
change is earned. 1

The oil rich Cabinda enclave
is separated from Angola by a
40 km wide strip of Zaire and is
surrounded by the Congo Peo-
ple’s Republic and Zaire.

The territory is just
7270sqkm, about half the size
of the Kruger National Park,
and has a population of 85 000:

At its longest point it mea- |

sures just over 100km ‘and for }
the most part is only about
35 km wide. |

It has a coastline of 105km |
which is bristling with radio and

radar installations and many of
the beaches are mined. wt

An engineer, who spent two /|
years working there, said Ango-
lan Government troops patrol {
the beaches and security at the
vital oil storage depots is tight.

Gulf Oil, which largely con- -
trols oil production in the en- 4
clave, have invested’ nearly
R200 million a year since 1981 to *

. reap the’ rich harvest of off-
shore oil. *

The reserves of crude oil are.
estimated at 1200 million bar-"
rels.

This year target production 5
was 500000 barrels a day, pro-":

"viding Angola with 90 percent of”

¥ its foreign exchange.

Cabinda has 11 towns, includ-
ing the capital which is also

called Cabinda as well as two

large airfields.
‘The oil storage depots are sit-

Intelligence Uncovers Story

uated at Malongo, 10km north +

“_ of the capital.

There is also a small shallow

. water harbour at Malongo.
Because of the rich oilfields
and the foreign exchange they
earn for the Luanda Govern-
ment, Cabinda has become an

' important target for the rebel .

“ Unita movement which is figtit-

ing against the Cuban-backed

» MPLA Government.

supported by South Africa and

Ironically Unita, a movement _

claiming to fight for Western in- -

: terests, is now trying to attack

American oil installations pro- |

tected by Cubans and the Ango- -

~‘ Jan army. :

After intensive investigations
this week’ the European and
African
forward their account of the
abortive Cabinda. raid and
claim:

@The commando mission was
to sabotage American-run Ango-
lan oil installations.

@The South Africans entered
Cabinda from Zaire.

@The commandos linked with

the Angolan rebel organisation ,
Unita, either in northern Angola ,

or in Zaire itself.

sources have put.

|

JPRS~SSA~85~066

26 July 1985

ANGOLA

“@ There re no Swapo or Afri-

can National Congress bases in

-Cabinda.

@ There were nine SA comman-
dos involved in the raid, two of '
whom were killed and another
captured by Angolan security
forces. :
@The South African  trooj
travelled from ‘South Africa by
sea, either by submarine or by
high-powered naval patrol boat.
Approached for comment on

these claims a South African
Defence Force spokesman said’
that the Defence Force had
nothing to add to the numerous
statements made by the Min-”
sters of Defence and Foreign Af-
fairs, General Magnus Malan
ard Mr Pik Botha, as well as
various deputy ministers and
the Chief of the Defence Force

"on the subject of the raid.

The SADF had no further
comment to make.

Earlier this week General
Malan told Parliament that the
commandos were on a recon-
naissance mission to gather in-
formation on Swapo and ANC
bases in Cabinda and that the oil

installations were not a target.

. a Luanda

Harbour mines

- The captured South African,
Captain Wynand du Toit, said at |
conference that |
he and his patrol travelled from ‘
Saldanha Bay by sea.

He did not specifically men-
tion a submarine or high- :



the disturbance. Nevertheless I stated clearly on the card: In self-defense
you may use violence, but only in the most extreme circumstances and only to
the extent that it is necessary to avert a given threat. But the whole thrust
is: We are not antagonistic to anyone.

Politicizing the Army
{Question] Is the army in favor if its new involvement in domestic riots?

[Answer] There is no getting away from this fact; this is not the primary job
of any standing or field army. It is not a task for which we are primarily
equipped. We choose to remain a deterrent. When we have to fight, we want to
use tanks, cannons and ships rather than the water cannons and the plastic
shields used in domestic riots. A man does not enlist in the army for this,
and we do not train people for this.

[Question] But how are we going to attack with armies and planes? Our prob-
lem is domestic riots, disturbances in black neighborhoods. When the army sur-
rounds black neighborhoods during disturbances, you are politicizing the army.
Aren't you afraid that the army will be used increasingly in this role as part
of a system of oppression?

[Answer] For a long time now we have had the legislation that provides for us-
ing the army in domestic riot situations. It is not a new concept. If this is
the case, is the British army also being politicized in Ireland? Can you say
that?

[Question] But don't we fall into an entirely different category? The British
army, after all, is a professional army in which one subordinates his political
convictions to the work he does. With us,. white draftees are sent to surround
black villages. There may be troops that have to do something that goes con-
trary to their desires, that runs counter to their political convictions. Are
you not fearful of a wholesale polarization within the army and within our po-
litical life if you use draftees in domestic riot situations?

[Answer] I don't think so. It is true, indeed, that we have certain elements
in our ranks who are exceptions to the rule and who try to further their own
ends, desirous of representing the army in this light. In disturbances we have
three elements: 1) those who plan the disturbance and instigate it; 2) those
who become involved in it and 3) those who want to remain uninvolved--and then
of course, the security apparatus of the government.

The army's task is to protect those who do not want to get involved: people who
want to ride the busses, who want to go to work and school. The army fulfills
the role of protector.

[Question] However much the army also wants to create this image of protector,
the impression that it makes both at home with the Blacks and abroad as well
is a very negative one. It looks as if things are out of control and as if the
army is becoming an instrument of oppression.

This is an impression that certain elements are trying very hard to create. But

if one exerts himself, he can bring home to a person the very opposite impres-
sion--that of the army as a protector.

90



cso

resolve, to achieve the ideals and
aspirations we so desperately seck for
our world for it is now abundantly
clear that the Non-Aligned Move-
ment has become an important force
in international relations. Major
powers can no longer afford to ig-
nore¢s impact on the world scene.
Let us, therefore, move forward with
even greater confidence in commit-
ment to the ideals and goals we have
set for ourselves. Mr. President, 1am
delighted to note that this is also the
desire of the Non-Aligned move-
meut, In its charter, the movement
pray for peace, justice and equality
for all mankind.

‘Mr, President, allow me at this
juncture to turn to the situation in
southern Africa which is of grave
concern to us. In South Africa the
racist regime continues to commit
atrocities against its own citizens.
Kenya condemns the use: of brutal
force against innocent and
defenceless -blacks. We are,
therefore, resolved to continue our
support to the liberation movements
in South Africa until victory is
achieved. Our stand on Namibia is
clear and unchanged. Kenya totally
objects to the connection between
the withdrawal of Cuban troops
from Angola and the granting of in-
dependence to Namibia. We support
the United Nations’ resolution No.
435 as the only basis for an inlerna-
tionally acceptable solution to the
stalemate over Namibia's: in-
dependence. Indeed, we firmly sup-
port Swapo’s intentions in Namibia.

Mr. President, I now wish to brief-
ly turn my attention to matters con-
nected with bilateral relations bet-
ween our two countries, We share

sirefar views on rai z
issues and co:

boon healthy and
Kenya — greatly ,
Yugoslavia’s assistance in v:
developreent projects. These
include the giant Kiambere Hydr
electric Power Station and Dawa
Pharmaceuticals. Indeed, the
preseace of Yugoslav companies and

3400/567

expert personnel in Kenya has been
one positive factor in the transfer of
technology and skill between South
and South, .

Mr. President, Kenya’s further
development would gain a great deal
from your country’s further
assistance, particularly in the fields
of energy, agriculture, manufactur-
ing and manpower development.
Also, it is our wish that Yugoslavia
buys more of our products in order
to correct the existing trade im-
balance, Products such as
pyrethrum, sisal, fruits and
vegetables, leather and refated farm-
ing products, tea, coffee and woosen
hand carvings, n sure, will find
a ready market in your country.

Mr. President, we have vast and
beautiful country, full of interesting
wildlife, lovely vegetation, atuactive
beaches and above all charming and
kindhearted people.

I would like to see more Yuguslavs
coming to our country and enjoy
these facilities. . .

On technical and cultural co-
operation, 1 am pleased to observe
that over 270 Kenyans have trained
in Yugoslav institutions over the
years. Arrangements are in hand to
conclude a programme of scientific,
technical, educational and cultural
agreement. This will create a firm
basis for our future co-operation in
these fields.

Mr. President, the recent talks,
which were held in a friendly at-
mosphere between our two delega-
tions have paved way for further
strengthening of relations and co-
operation between our two
countries. .

Finally, Mr. President, I wish,
once more, to thank you for the
warm hospitality and friendstip ac-
corded to me and my delegation. I,
at this point, wish to extend an in-
vitation to Your Excellency to visit
Kenya any time convenient to you.

May I now, ladies and gen-
tlemen, ask you to rise and drink
to the continued good health of His
Excellency Radovan Vlajkovic and
to the friendship and co-operation
between our two countries.

35



JPRS~SSA~85~-066
26 July 1985

ZAMBIA

DEBT RESCHEDULING ANNOUNCED

Japan Defers Debt
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 11 Jun 85 p 2

(Text]

[Text]

JAPAN has rescheduled Zambia's K24.7
million debt to 1995 following conclusions

reached with the Paris Clu!

year. .

The agreement to re-
schedule the debt was
signed in Lusaka yes-
terday by Japanese
ambassador to Zambia
Mr Masatoshi Ohta
and permanent secre-
tary in the Ministry of
Finance and Nationai
Commission for Deve-
lopment Planning Dr
Ephraim Kaunga.

Dr Kaunga thanked
Japan for the decision to
delay repayments of the

debt and said it was a
significant gesture consider-

The rescheduling agree-
ment _was +1 signed. . by.
Swedish ambassador to
Zambia Mr Jan Olander:
and permanent secretary
for the Ministry of Finance
Dr Ephraim Kaunga in

SWEDEN ha:
cial debts

b on July 20 last

ing the ‘serious economic
problems the country was
facing. --

“It will give us .a little
time’ to restructure our
economy and it is my hope
that when payment is due,
the economy will be strong
enough to enable us to settle
tie debt without difficul-
ties.””

He commended ' Japan
for sepporting Zambia’s
economy in various fields,
saying the rescheduling. of
the debt was only one of
such major supportive
efforts. .

The economic problems
Zambia is facing at the
moment are enormous,

Sweden Defers Debt

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 18 Jun 85 p 5

Lusaka yesterday. _

Dr Kaunga said the
agreement was in line with
the Paris Club protocol
signed in July last year-

Mr Olander said Sweden
had rescheduled Zambia's

97

hence the the importance of
this event today,’” Dr
Kaunga said.

In reply, Mr Ohta said it
was his hope that the
*small’” measure taken by
his government: would help
revitalise Zambia's eco-
nomy.

The extended debts in-
volved K6.8 million from
the overseas economic
cooperation fund, K10.8
million from capital ex-
Port/import by Bank of
Japan .and K7.1_ million
vommercial debts insured
by the Japanese govern-
ment.

s rescheduled Zambia’s commer-
amounting to K4 million to be
repaid between 1989 and 1994.

debts because she under-
stood Zambia's economic
problems and wanted to
participate in building a
firm. foundation for her
economic development

Early this year, Sweden



MOI CALLS FOR STRONGER DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 10 Jun 85 pp 1, 20

[Article by Robert Irungu and KNA]

[Text]

PRESIDENT Daniel arap
Mol bas said Kenya’s missions
abroad would be strengthen-
ed to match the country’s im-
age and changing needs.

‘He said a city ike London
was growin: if
aii walks
while others make brief stops
while on transit. - <>

In view of this, the Presi-
dent said Kenya’s mission in
London deserved more
facilities so that Kenyans who
visit and those who ston Wise
i, Would. be given
faster and more efficient
services. “

President Moi was speaking
to staff of the Kenya High’
Commission in London and
their families. He said
allowances for Kenyans in
foreign service would be
reviewed due to the rising cost
of living overseas.

He advised them to be pro-
ud of their country and pro-
ject a good image of Kenya.
~ The president said for a
country to succeed, its citizens
had to be patriots who loved
and were committed ‘to the
development of their country.”

He urged them to live i
unity and in br
spirit edding inat Kenya was
‘One Or ine most I coun-
tries in the world despite a few
disgruntled people who spoke

CSO: 3400/566

~ been fraitfal.

nent Secretary
¢. fairs, Mr. Bethuel Kiplagat.

evil of the country. He added ‘Don’

that their anwarranted smear county. be shy about your

Seen eta a me oo ot
one - eeie 01

and united conntry. . strong feel secure in their own coun-

try and wondered a
President Mol cautioned ‘President Mor assed
against hate adding that it was through London. from his
il the: true spirit of four. ay state visit to
Keny: we ‘ugosiay ree-day
succeed in. all. . their visit to yeti . state
endeavours. Mee * He said Kenya is a. v

He thanked the staff at the peaceful county in the world
Kenya mission in London for and those who talk ill about it
their. dedicated service and should visit and see for
told them that his ‘recent visit themselves. .
to Yugosiavia and Austria had. “If all of us can, apply
“. * -Nyayolsm none 15 suffer,”
«The president-said that bis he s8!2-224 wondered why
‘Viaiis abroad are meant to ce- 2here stiould be hatred among
ment relations and project the people. .

Kenya's Image vi Abe “Let ‘us ‘all be united and
ultimate aim of creating | create peace in our country,”
tanding among nations. re president said...

On. arrival at the Kenya “He said everybody has a du-
High Commission, President ty to create 2 pleasant future
Mol was met by Kenya’s High for the young generation.
Commissioner to London, .
Mr. Benjamin Kipkulel. At another function in Lon-

Also present were Miaisters don yesterday evening, Presi-
Elijah Mwangale, ‘Nicholas dent Moi met Kenya nationals
Biwott, Hussein Maallm)in Britain at a 9rt; ez Hosted
Mohammed, Peter Okondo, for tse ia a London hotel.
Robert Ouko and the Perma- - i7— fold them to think of

for Foreiga Af-ineir country wherever they
may be. Briefing them on

The jent told the staff
in the remission that it is the
people who-make the nation,
and they should serve the
country with: patriotism.

Kenya’s development process,
‘the President said it was bas-
ed on what Kenyans already
knew adding that no mean:
‘ingful development can taki

38

JPRS~SSA~85~-066

26 July 1985

KENYA

place unless it was deeply
tooted in the people’s culture.
- He cautioned them against
aping foreign ideologies which
were irrelevant and unsuitable
to the Kenyan society.

The President went on to
say that he won’t like Kenyans
to be used as guinea-pigs on
which to experiment foreign
ideologies.

The,President was greeted
with shouts of Nyayo! Nyayo!
‘during his speech.

@President Daniel arap
Moi will address the nation
this moming from the state
pavilion at the Jomo Kenyat-
ta International Airport soon,
after his arrival from: highly
successful state visits to
Yugoslavia and Austria, (adds
Charles Kulundu).

According ‘to an official
Programme: released &5 ine

Office of the President, the

special ‘plane carrying Presi-
dent Moi will. touch down at

As he steps out of the plane,
President Moi will be greeted
by the Vice-President and
Minister for Home Affairs,

"Mr. Mwai Kibaki, the Chie’
~Secretary, .

Mr. Simo
Nyachae,: the Chief of
General Staff, Gen. Jackson
Mulinge and the Nairobi PC,
Mr. Fred Wailganjo.