The Youth League will be the only body to make coordinated representations
to the SPPY and the Government on youth matters. It will develop friendly
relations with similar progressive youth organisations in other countries
with the aim of promoting international brotherhood and solidarity.

Membership will be open to all Seychellois youths who are committed to
socialist principles and who are prepared to accept the movement's objec~
tives and discipline,

Any child who wishes to join the Young Pioneers will be able to do so. How-
ever, this does not mean automatic entry into the Pioneers later.

Young people who want to join the Pioneers or Young Militants will have to
apply according to procedures to be announced later.

However, a person who is between 16 (the entry age of the SPPF) and 30 who
wants to join the Youth League but is not a member of the Front will have
to join the party first.

On the other hand, a person who is between 16 and 30 years old who is already
a member of the SPPF will not become a member of the League automatically.
He or she will have to apply like anybody else.

A member of the Youth League will be able to apply for membership to the SPPF
on reaching the required age. Membership of the Front will depend largely
on the recommendations of the Youth League.

The structure of the Youth League will comprise of a General Conference, a
National Committee, a National Secretariat, and District Committees.

The General Conference will be held once a year and will be composed of the
National Committee and three members from each District Committee.

The National Committee is composed of eight members, with the SPPF Secretary
for Youth and Sports as Chairman. The other seven members are members of the
Front appointed by the Secretary~General of the SPP.

The first National Committee led by Mr Adam includes Mrs Martha Rene, the
Chairperson of the National Council for Children, Mr Patrick Berlouis, the
Acting Director of the Polytechnic, Mr Bernard Sham-Laye, the NYS Director
of training and Pedagogical Research, Mrs Antionette Jolicoeur, the Senior
Youth Officer in the Ministry of Youth and Defence, Mr Mark Didon, a Regional
Youth Officer in the same ministry, Mrs Simone Testa, the Principal Secre-
tary in the President's Office, and Mr Gilles Lionnet.

The National Secretariat will carry out work given to it by the National Com~
mittee and the SPPF Central Committee.

There will be a District Committee in each SPPY district and another for the
NYS villages.

56


In response, the NIC expressed similar concern but cautioned the FDA that all
new applications for acquiring the cancelled concession be processed through
the Commission.

Up to October 31, 1983, the Secretariat of NIC had received application for
the area from only the Nimba Logging Company (NLC).

While the NLC was in the process of completing its preliminary requirements,
the FDA, on December 2, 1983, wrote to the NIC indicating that a new conces-
sion for the area in question had been awarded to the Italiam Timber Corpor-
ation and that the NIC should grant the company incentives and duty free
privileges for five years.

But the NIC Secretariat, in a memorandum to the Chairman of the Commission,
dated January 31, 1984, expressed its strong opposition to the granting of teh
Concession to the Italian corporation by FDA, stressing that it amounted to
an intentional usurpation of the functions of the NIC. A later NIC document
has described the ITC operations as "illegal".

The Commission then suggested that the Italian corporation formally apply by
submitting a feasibility study/proposal for evaluation and subsequent de-
cision.

Instead, ITC ignored the request of NIC and went into illegal operation of the
former Nimbaco concession area. After six months of illegal operation, the
Italian company then applied on May 18, 1984 to the NIC to be granted the con-
cession officially.

The company claimed that it had invested nearly $775,000 in the concession area
and had built 20 miles road and had in its employ 80 persons.

To date the Concession Agreement has not been obtained by ITC but it has
continued to operate without an agreement.

Asked by the Daily Observer whether preliminaries had been met by his company
prior to the time of the arrangements between FDA and the Italian Timber Cor-
poration, the president of the Nimba Logging Company, Mr. Emmanuel S. Bumie,
said that with the exception of the $50,000 performance bond which was the
final requirement, all others had been met.

Mr. Bumie said upon the submission of his proposals and a detailed feasibil-
ity study to the Commission on July 25, 1984 he had alerted the NIC about
the intentions of FDA to award the Concession to another company that had not
gone through the required process.

When contacted, the Chairman of the NIC, Mr. Trohoe Kparghai, said his Com
mission was only concerned about providing incentives and was not aware of
any concession agreement being reached between Government and the Italian
Timber Corporation,

"FDA is responsibel for such transactions", he said.

22


NOTE

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newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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' unspecified toll.

The recent unrest among the majority
blacks: was nationwide. Strikes affected
major cities and industry was badly hit.
Lives were lost but black morale was
raised. What was particularly unfortunate
however were the sporadic clashes
between blacks and Indians. The Indians’
and the Coloureds’ . uncertain political
involvement as a community has created
subtle divisions between them and the
blacks, who demand a definite stance from.
them.

Indians, among whom Muslims are
dominant, are the second richest minority
after the Jews. Over the years, Indians
have gained the reputation of being worst
exploiters than the Jews. The ulema have
always been apolitical and the Islamic
organisations, cultural and educational.
This quiescent situation has prevailed for
perhaps 300 years in the case of the
Malays, and 100 or so as far as the Indians
are concerned.

Nonetheless individuals from the
communities have'sought to stir their
people. Ahmad Kathrada played a
prominent role in nationalist politics in the
1940s and 1950s. He is now serving a life
sentence on Robben Island, alongside
Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu and
Govan Mbeki, for furthering the aims of
Umkhonto We Sizwe, the military wing of
the African National Congress.

Imam Abdullah Haroon, whose sole
aim was the propagation of Islam among,
the blacks, was killed in prison by the
South African authorities. Ahmad
Cassim, Omar Mattera, Jamaluddin
Hamdulay and others have suffered
prison terms and banning orders.
Maulana Sema, who recently translated
the Quran into Zulu, deserves special
mention because of his great effort to
reach the.six million Zulus in their own
language.

Sporadic clashes still occur where
Muslims are victims of black anger. In
Evaton, a black township outside
Vereeniging, Indian-owned properties
were looted and destroyed in August.
Muslims were hardest hit. Copies of the
Quran from the local Musjid were strewn
all over the streets, mussallahs and other
valuables stolen or destroyed.

The main questions are: will these
outbreaks be repeated, and how should
they be avoided? With the formation of
the tricameral parliament and the granting
of limited political rights to Indians and
Coloureds, the next major issue will be
that of military conscription. A steadfast

65

objection to army service may earn the
Muslims respect from the blacks.

Mass detentions (200 were reported) of
United Democratic Front members and
leading personalities from other groups
was the reaction of the authorities to the
latest unrest. The high toll of deaths and
injuries (over 60 deaths and about 1,000
injuries), shows that South African police
are prepared to repeat the 1976 massacres
unflinchingly: in fact these insurrections
were as violent and widespread as those of
1976.

The mine strikes, led by Cyril
Ramaphosa, that left 10 dead and 500
injured, show the increasing participation
of all sectors to’ resist injustice.
Ramaphosa’s initiative is a trial case, the
first “legal strike” by blacks in South
African history. Botha gave this right to
unions — the only political activity except
civics allowed to urban blacks.

The state reacted more vigorously in
1982 when militant ‘trade unionists
Phomazile Gwetha and Sisa Njikelane of
the South African Allied Workers Union
were detained and released six times in
succession. Dr Neil Aggett of the Food
and Canning Workers Union became the
44th known person to die in prison. The
latest death in detention is Johannes
Ngalo, aged 26, in July. He is the 57th
known victim of police brutality in prison
in the last 20 years,

Recent events are a postscript to South
Africa’s apparent victory at regional level.
It was foreshadowed by the collapse of the
influence of the Front Line states. South
Africa’s carrot and stick principle
emerged the victor. Military raids,
counter insurgency operations, and the
training and supplying of rebels with arms
has been South Africa’s main weapon
since 1975,

South Africa’s stick has been more like
a bludgeon. It has:

@ raided southern Angola, Maputo and
Maseru;

@ supported the Lesotho Liberation
Army, Unita in Angola, Zipra in
Zimbabwe and MNR in Mozambique;

@ destroyed communications links like
the Beira-Mutare rail and pipeline, the
Maputo-Beira road, the Maputo-
Chicualacuala railroad and Angola’s
Benguela railroad. © Mozambique’s
Caborra Bassa Electricity Scheme has also
been attacked;

@ sabotaged two-thirds of Zimbabwe’s
air force with bomb blasts at Gweru;

@ manipulated migrant workers’
remittances: there are 200,000 Basotho,



cso:

3400/476

wider community, Dar.
ticularly if the white
command. feels the need
to consolidate the loyalt
of its black officers wit
reforms in civil society.

Dr Frankel chronicles key
landmarks in the rise of
blacks in the Defence
Force: the re-establish-
ment in 1963 of the Cape
Corps (now re-designated
the South African
Coloured Corps); the later"
founding of the Indian
Corps; the formation in
the late 1970s of the
various ethnic or regional
battalions for blacks, as
well as the earlier forma-
tion of elite supra-ethnic

. Battalion 21; and, finally,
the creation of national
defence forces in the
nominally independent
“homelands”.

As he notes, the,increasin,
use of blacks in the SAD]
contradicts a deep rooted

' fear that it is inimical to
the long term security of
the white state, that the

2

risk of blacks using their »

guns to topple white para-
mountcy E too gest.

. Two factors override with-
out eliminating this fear:
the inability . of white
society to meet all the
manpower needs of the

: SADF and the Rhodesian

“experience (where black

» soldiers helped prolong

76

the life of Rhodesia after
UDI in 1966).

Dr Frankel says the SAP
helped to pave the way
for the deployment of
black soldiers by their
skilful and discreet use of
black Policemen to aug-
ment their numbers.

“Leaders of the SADF have
for some years expressed

” admiration at the ability

of the SAP to quietly yet
quite effectively solve
manpower problems
similar to theirs by bring-
ing blacks into their
ranks, albeit in a careful-
ly controlled manner,” he

Bays.
“Today, many white com-
manders on the borders
wax enthusiatic over the.,
fighting capacity of their
‘non-white’ soldiers.”
Despite this, however, there
are still differences with-
in the military establish-
ment over the use of
black soldiers. :
Where General Magnus Ma-:
Tan and his “managerial-
ly-minded followers” fa-
vour the use of black.
soldiers, some cers
still fear that use of black
soldiers will ultimately
open up & veritable “Pan-
dora’s box of institutional
problems”. -
*Pretoria’s Praetorians
(Cambridge University



JPRS-SSA-85-0:
20 February 1!

FUEL TRADE COMMENCES--A Tanzanian ship M. T. Nyangumi arrived at Kisumu
yesterday to start loading 300,000 litres of fuel to Tanzania. This is the
first trade agreement concluded by Kenya and Tanzania on the use of Lake
Victoria facilities since the breakup of the East African Community. Captain
Mwakibeti and 2nd officer Charles Kombe of Nyangumi said that the ship had
come from Mwanza and it would take the fuel to Musoma from the Esso depot at
Kisumu. They hoped to be coming for the oil every week during the duration
of the contract. Tanzania Railway Corporation, the ship owners, has the
contract of transporting the oil to Tanzania. [Text] [Nairobi KENYAN TIMES
in English 12 Jan 85 p 16]

BIWOTT TO REPRESENT RIFT VALLEY--The Nakuru District Kanu branch resolved
yesterday that Minister Nicholas Biwott be elected unopposed as the Rift Valley
provincial party representative. The resolution was passed during an execu-
tivecouncil meeting of the branch held at the party office in Nakuru. Mr
Biwott is the Minister for Energy and Regional Development. The post of Kanu
Rift Valley provincial representative fell vacant when a former Cabinet Min-
ister and ex-MP for Liakipia West, Mr G. G. Kariuki, was expelled from the
party by the National Governing Council last year, [Excerpt] [Nairobi DAILY
NATION in English 8 Jan 85 p 5]

CSO: 3400/483

12


“Politically, they have a case," he said.

But he disagreed with the use of destruction and violence in expressing dis-
content with the situation. He said it would only leave the urban blacks
worse off.

Mr Zondani said the whole concept of black urban councils was "too little,
too late",

The only solutions was for blacks to be involved in the affairs of the country
at national level.

The Mayor of Kayamnandi, Mr Tamsinqa Linda, said he had no comment to make
on Professor Van der Walt's call for a judicial inquiry, neither was he able
to speak on behalf of other black councils,

But he emphasised that there was no question of corruption in his council.
The Mayor of Kwanobuhle, Mr P J Tini, said it was "most unnecessary" for a
judicial inquiry to be appointed to look into the running of black councils.

Even if such an inquiry were to be conducted, it would “draw a blank."

"As far as black councils are concerned in the Eastern Cape, there is abso-
lutely no corruption," he said.

“Last year's unrest in the townships was definitely not caused by councils.
The unrest emanated from the education problem."

Mr Mkhufeli Jack, president of the Port Elizabeth Youth Congress, said his
organisation totally rejected black local authorities.

CSO: 3400/474

71



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

- LIBERIA

BRIEFS

$2. 5M ECOWAS LOAN--A $2.5 million loan agreement for the construction of the
Liberia section of the Monrovia-Freetown Highway was Friday signed between
the governuent of Liberia and the Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS), at the Ministry of Finance in Monrovia. [Excerpt] [Monrovia NEW
LIBERIAN in English 17 Dec 84 p 3]

MAYORS’ COUNCIL FORMED-~Mayor J. Aloysius Tarlue, of the city of Zwedru,
Grand Gedeh County, has been elected President of the newly organized
Liberia Council of Mayors at the Monrovia City Hall. The Organization
which is aimed at promoting cordial and bilateral corporation between City
Mayors, the Liberia Marketing Association, and people of the various Cities
of Liberia for National development, an off-shoot of the World Council of
Mayors Headquarter. Meanwhile, a committee has been set up to draft the
bylaws and constitution of the organization. In a related development, mem~
bers of the mayors council last Monday paid a courtesy call on Internal Af-
fairs Minister, Col. Edward K. Sackor, to thank him for his tireless efforts
and support to Liberia's municipal agencies. In an open letter to Minister
Sackor, read by the council's secretary general, Mayor Johnson E. M. Gibson
of Paynesville, the mayors appealed to Minister Sackor to set up an appoint-
ment for them to meet and congratulate the Head of State for the hosting of
the World Conference of Mayors held in the country recently. Responding,
Col. Sackor, thanked the Mayors for their support to [words indistinct.]
[Text] [Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 20 Dec 84 pp 1, 6]

cso: 3400/481

29



oa JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

TOWN COUNCIL MEMBERS TO RESIGN-~Two of the six Lekoa Town Council members who
threatened to resign their posts about three weeks ago will officially do so
today-~at the Development Board offices, in Sebokeng. They are the Rev
Meshack Mahlatsi, 45, and his brother, Paul, 42, close relatives of the mayor,
Mr Esau Mahlatsi. Their decision to return "to the people" was announced at
the offices of the Azanian People's Organisation (Azapo) in Johannesburg yest~
erday. In welcoming them an Azapo spokesman said the two brothers had "seen
the light" and had realised their mistake in participating in the council.
“Azapo appeals to the Vaal Triangle people to accept the return of the prodi-
gal sons in good faith, accept their resignations and admit them in the com-
munity with the new credentials they now have", Azapo said. Shortly before
Christmas, six councillors, among them Mr Joseph Mosala, threatened to resign
unless the mayor called a meeting where grievances, which led to the outbreak
of large scale violence on September 3, could be discussed. Mr Meshack
Mahlatsi said yesterday that a letter requesting that a meeting be called

by the council this week was handed to the town clerk on December 27. He
informed the mayor "verbally". The Mahlatsi brothers said that on realising
that such a meeting was not forthcoming, they decided to quit. Spokesmen
for both the council and the Development Board were not available for comment
yesterday. [Text] [By Montshiwa Moroke] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in
English 10 Jan 85 p 2]

CONTROL PANEL FOR SHIPS--A Natal electronics company, Brivetts—UEC, has
received Krygkor's sought after Chairmen's Prize for the design of an
advanced control panel for ships. It is the first time that this prize

has been awarded to a private enterprise outside the Krygkor group. The new
control panel is viewed by Krygkor as a great improvement over the existing
equipment because it can follow more than one target, while the equipment
now in use can only follow one. [Text] [Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans
20 Dec 84 p 29] 12494

WHITES IN BLACK NEIGHBORHOOD--Mrs Molly Blackburn, PFP-LPR for Walmer, and
Mrs Di Bishop, PFP-LPR for Tuine, were found guilty yesterday of entering

a black neighborhood without a permit. In October, they had taken three

black men from Cradock into their homes. Magistrate A Groenewald of

Cradock admonished the women and dismissed them. Mrs Blackburn and Mrs Bishop
acknowledged their guilt. They testified that they had gone to drop off
Matthew Goniwe and Mbulelo Goniwe at their homes. Shortly after they left,
Officer Johan van Straaten asked for their permits. According to Mrs Blackburn,
she had explained that they were intending to drop off their third passenger,
Mr Gladwell Makaula. Later that evening and the next morning they applied

for a permit. [Text] [Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 21 Dec 84 p 9] 12494

100
cso: 3401/62



The peasants, who constitute the major force of the militia members, are now
"attacking" the soil, in a calm atmosphere, intermingling hoe with weapon.

Citizens in Chibabava contacted by our reporter expressed optimism regarding
the improvement of the military situation, which makes it possible for the
population to produce.

They declared: "Next year, if things continue this way, no one will have to
buy food products in the shops, because they will come from the fields";
adding that their only concern will be that of purchasing clothes.

As we observed, the population in that area is not living in panic, "because
the bandits have been removed from the region," as our contacts pointed out,
making a comparison with different times.

However, the enemy is still present in the area, but its action is confined
to.a reduced radius, owing to the action of the Armed Forces. Those with
whom we spoke remarked: "This constitutes a guarantee for the supplies."

Merchants, peasants and soldiers contacted by DM voiced their strong determi-
ntion to continue the task of obliterating forever the vestiges left by the
armed bandits.

Arrival of Domestic Items

At this time when Chibabava is involved in the largest cashew nut campaign of
the past 4 years, the supply of products of prime necessity for the harvesters
has been reinforced.

According to a source from the home trade entity in Sofala, the initiative is
aimed at stimulating the activity of those directly involved in picking
cashew nuts, of which the district is the largest producer on the provincial
level.

Several items, including "Xirico" radio equipment, blankets, netting, batteries
and pots and pans, are being placed at the harvesters' disposal, so that the
respective barter may be undertaken.

Marketing at 'Casa Nova’

The campaign for marketing cashew nuts started recently at "Casa Nova,"
situated between the localities of Goonda and Muxungue, in the district of
Chibabava (Sofala).

The site is condidered a strategic point, not only because of its geographical
location, but also because of the fact that the largest production of cashew
nuts in the district is concentrated there.

The enemy, aware of the area's economic importance, had gathered around it at
another time, in order to prevent that activity.

36


An initiative is already being taken to hold confidential discussions at
a senior level with black community leaders.

3. Hopefully this discussion and liaison action will lead to the creation
of various discussion forums or round tables where all matters--from local
problems to political rights and constitutional questions with respect to
blacks--will be discussed and settled.

The step which should now be taken as soon as possible is the creation of
representative councils and structures to coordinate this broad discussion
so that advise can be turned into innovative government decisions.

These councils must be representative of various white and black interest
groups,

4, There is strong pressure on the government, also from the ranks of its
supporters, to pay urgent attention to the following matters:

--Detention without a hearing must be reviewed more drastically and limited
to an absolute minimum, The public court must hear evidence without delay
and pass judgment. This also applies to current detainees.

--Although the government has leveled off the forced relocation of people
to a great extent, the relocation policy must now be halted. The above-
mentioned joint council can give advice on that matter.

--The existing "apartheid laws" must be phased out and, after joint delibera-
tion with black representatives, be replaced by new legislation on group
rights which permanently says farewell to legal discrimination.

Support

It is more than just my conviction that these four views enjoy broad support
in National Party circles, among a great number of black and colored South
Africans and among significant number of whites.

The problem is that hostile powers--and Bishop Tutu apparently plays into

their hands-~do everything they can to strangle these four views and to
sabotage reform for the sake of revolutionary unstability.

8700
cso: 3401/65

61



He said that mercenary contacts were also made through an extreme right wing
Portuguese political party, MIRN (Independent Movement for National Reconst ruc~
tion).

MIRN is led by General Kaulza de Arriaga, the former commander-in-chief of
the portuguese colonial army in Mozambique, and by Jorge Morais Barbosa, a
university professor in colonial Mozambique, and one time chairman of the
only legal political party under Portuguese fascism, Salazar's ANP (People's
National Action).

Both Arriaga and Barbosa were good friends of the late Jorge Jardim, a lead-
ing businessman in colonial Mozambique.

Jardim's closest collaborator, Orlando Cristina, becamse the first general
secretary of the MNR. Evo Fernandes, the MNR's current general secretary,
used to work for Jardim in his newspaper, Noticias da Beira.

Other associates of Arriaga and Barbosa include Antonio Champallimaud, a
Portuguese businessman who had substantial interests in pre~independence
Mozambique, and Manuel Bulhosa, the former owner of the Maputo oil refinery.

"Chico Gatilho" told Mr Ferro that after his recruitment his combat readi-
ness was tested at a farm near the casino town of Cascais. Giving the test
were serving officers and sergeants of the portuguese army, based on the
barracks of Amadora and Tancos.

He was then sent to South Africa via Spain. In Johannesburg he stayed for
a while at the "Grand Hotel", before being taken to military quarters. This
same "Grand Hotel" was mentioned by MNR defector Constantino Reis in a re-
cent interview with the Mozambique News Agency (AIM). Reis says that when
he was recruited to the MNR, he too was installed temporarily in the "Crand
Hotel"

Another Portuguese, who had become disillusioned with the MNR's banditry and
dropped out of the organisation, told Mr Ferro that the MNR has many friends

inside the Portuguese army and state apparatus, and inside Portuguese \politi-
cal parties, These contacts are used to protect MNR activities in Portugal.

CSO: 3400/477

32


JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

INCREASING HOSTILITIES BETWEEN BLACKS, INDIAN MUSLIMS SEEN
East Burnham ARABIA: THE ISLAMIC WORLD REVIEW in English Dec 84 pp 16, 17
[Article by Malik Sello]

[Text ]

Malik Selio reports on the recent wave of unrest in South Africa,
an unfortunate aspect of which has been clashes between blacks
and Indians, many of whom are Muslim. Sello suggests that an
attempt to conscript Indians and Coloureds into military Service

may follow the granting of limited political rights to these
communities: steadfast objection to this may earn Muslims

respect from the blacks

South Africa’s new  tricameral
parliament consists of three
legislative chambers, the House of

Assembly for Whites (178 seats), the.

House of Representatives for Coloureds
(85 seats) and the House of Deputies for
Indians (45 seats). Blacks in so-called
“White areas” are only allowed civic
political participation under the
government-controlled Local Authorities
Act. The rest, the majority, are expected
to exercise “political freedom” in the
Bantustans, Pretoria-controlled tribal
labour reserves.

The recent price rises during the
elections for the Coloureds’ and Indians’
chambers led to strikes and rioting by
blacks. Black puppet mayors of the “city
councils” set up under the Local
Authorities Act illustrate the nefarious
aims of Pretoria.

64

David Thebehali, Soweto’s “mayor”
for five years, left the council after
saddling the township’s two million
people with a debt of around 20 million
Rand. All this money was borrowed from
abroad, principally West Germany and
Switzerland, with Pretoria acting as
guarantor.

Though the money was for the
installation and upgrading of electricity,
sewerage, storm water pipes and roads, it
now has to be repaid by revenue from
Soweto rents. With the average income
standing at just R250 a month, Sowetans
cannot afford the regular and large rent
increases now demanded. Thebehali’s
successor, a Mr Tshabalala, is an illiterate
millionaire. He has vowed to erect a fence
around Soweto with toll gates at each of
the three main entrances: all incoming and
outgoing vehicles will have to pay an as yet



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

ZAMBIA

CALL FOR COBALT CARTEL
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 11 Jan 85 pil
[Editorial]

[Excerpt] There is now a growing school of thought that in view of the ever
plummeting copper prices, Zambia and Zaire which are among the world's lead—
ing cobalt producers, should put their heads together and see if they could
influence prices of the metal overseas.

The two countries should be able to work together because the foundation is
already there. ‘he Zambia-Zaire Joint Permanent Commission has been doing
a great job in solving various crossborder problems.

Perhaps, it is time it shifted its attention to economic issues so the people
of the two countries could benefit even more from its work.

We believe that although ZCCM has announced plans to inject K12 million into
the production of cobalt at Nchanga Division, Zambia might not reap the de-
sired results without a stable market for the metal.

OPEC has probably been able to "manipulate" the world market because of the

apparent unity by its member countries. We feel that Zambia and Zaire have
the capacity to work together and give South-South cooperation a new dimension.

cso: 3400/470

101



cemeteries, churches and other centers of interest. Joao Serrao de Sousa,
a veteran with over 30 years of service at SSE, commented: "It is true that
our district has been a target of the enemy's action, but that is no reason
for people to stop socializing in our way which, after all, helps us to
create the force of unity."

According to that Marromeu resident, the long evenings of socializing are
promoted in all of the enterprise's districts, with the taste of beer (when
there is any), "feny" and"alcoholite," two types of alcoholic beverages which
are manufactured locally, creating a pleasant atmosphere.

According to Serrao, at those. parties there are concerts and dance sessions,
wherein poetry, song, story-telling, history, relaxation, possip, and whole-
some conversation are interspersed with the music.

To diversify the program, the Marromeu workers have hired musical ensembles,
such as "Free Escape," from the city of Beira, which performed for nearly a
week at the CETAMA Club. The audience, fans of jazz, blues, funk, reggae
and rumba, went wild over the program of that ensemble which has been invited
this year to take part in the celebration of Family Day and the New Year, in
Marromeu.

2909
CSO: 3442/154

42



An article about the Shangaans has just appeared in the French magazine
ETUDES in which reference was made to historical ties with South Africa.

According to tradition, Shangaan leaders must be buried at the foot of the
Spookberg in Tongaland--which is located within South Africa.

The article also tells of Machel's years as a nurse in what was then Portuguese
East Africa and the discrimination in wages between blacks and Portuguese.

President Machel is the sixth African leader to openly negotiate with South
Africa, but he went further by signing the Accord of Nkomati.

According to the French publication, the question is now whether the accord
can in fact lead to meaningful relations with respect to aid and cooperation.

The accord serves at any rate as a lesson that ideology is not of vital
importance in Africa.

12271
CSO: 3401/84

84



The Rebirth of. Patriotism

For him, the present battle is that of the port. In the past, it was the
Luanda supermarkets, and the city ate so long as he was there; this was
admitted even by those who consider him "exaggerated and dangerous in his
working method." However, his concerns are greater, and include his country's
future: "Thanks to God and Saint Lenin, we have an economic crisis that has
made us reflect and conclude that we shall be rich only if we work." If we
fail to do so, he adds, "Angola will be an independent country just insofar
as the flag and the anthem are concerned."

In his view, "there are conditions for this to progress." He explains: "The
last. great context in the RPA's progress is called Kangamba." Kangamba was
a major battle against UNITA and the South Africans, about a year ago, which
caused a "strong rebirth of the patriotic spirit." Since then, things have
changed direction....

The one who says this and is acting has a definite opinion: "Independence may
not have given anything more, but it gave us dignity." He is the son of
Portuguese people and has no complexes: "I have even forgotten that I am
white." Much.of his behavior and his action is dictated by one concern:

"I don't want to have problems of conscience, nor to have them call me a
conniver some day."

His opinion regarding the port's workers leaves no doubts: "When I arrived
here, they wanted to import Filipino longshoremen, and they have the best
workers in Africa here, even without their eating."

In his conduct there is one slogan: "People enter by way of the doors;
animals try to enter by way of the walls."

2909
CSO: 3442/140



Ex-Bandits Being Reintegrated in Inhambane Province
(NOTICIAS, 8 Jan 85).cceccecceececceccersncceccecteseesees

Fight Against Armed Bandits Continues in Gaza
(NOTICIAS, 9 Jan 85)..

Briefs
Japanese Truck Donation
Topographers, Cartographers Graduated
Hog-Raising Experts Graduated

NAMIBIA

Prospects of Roessing Uranium Mine
(Johan Strydom; SAKE-RAPPORT, 9 Dec 84)...cecccccccecccece

SEYCHELLES

New Socialist Youth League Initiated
(NATION, 14 Jan 85).

Red Army Build Up Claimed in Seychelles
(THE CITIZEN, 22 Jan 85)...

Briefs
Tourism Objectives for 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. Protest Movement in Light of Government Policy
(Willem de Klerk; RAPPORT, 9 Dec 84)........cceceeeccceeee

Black Press Discusses Protest Strategy
(Thinus Prinsloo; DIE VOLKSBLAD, 28 Nov 84)....seseeeeeees

Increasing Hostilities Between Blacks, Indian Muslims Seen
(Malik Sello; ARABIA: THE ISLAMIC WORLD REVIEW,

Dec 84) ce ececccc cece cece eee e eee e renee eeeeeeeeeeeeseseeeee

Reporter Views Black Affairs in Western Cape
(Riaan de Villiers; CAPE TIMES, 18 Dec 84)......eeseeeeeee

East Cape Black Local Councils Cause of Township Unrest
(Kin Bentley, Raymond Hill; EVENING POST, 4 Jan 85).......

No to Non-Racial Suburb in East London
(DAILY DISPATCH, 9 Jan 85). .ccccecccccce cece eecececeereres

Details of Constitutional Committee for Blacks Discussed
(Graham Watts; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 13 Jan 85)...cceeeeeeeesees

49

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73



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

SENA SUGAR ESTATES TRIES TO ELIMINATE VESTIGES OF COLONIALISM
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 21 Dec 84 pp 8-9

[Text] Customs created by the strong influence of British penetration in
Marromeu, particularly at the Sena Sugar Estates, have been disappearing
considerably as a result of the decolonization process imposed by the course
of history. Nevertheless, the present situation entails the assimilation of
new values by both old and new workers, among whom one notes a new vocabulary
and sensitivity in analyzing the country's problems that foster their integra-
tion into political activity, except in the case of a few who remain skeptical
regarding the nation's problems.

One clearcut feature in Marromeu is the receptiveness of the former assimilat-
ed individuals toward their involvement in the programs run by the party and
union committee at the enterprise; whereas, a year ago, even» after indepen-
dence, they were showing a certain amount of passive resistance.

The decolonization process in Marromeu, which is part of an entire situation
in the country, has had individual characteristics, inasmuch as the British
had entrenched a powerful infrastructure for their benefit, based on material
enticement.

It should be recalled that, dating far into the past, Marromeu had been the
victim of a heavy colonial penetration, through the administration and manage-
ment of the workers, with a major effect on seasonal labor.

Moreover, the British domination at the time upheld the principle of assimila-
tion, aimed at bringing civilization to the so-called uncultivated population,
with preservation of the autonomy of the tribal system and recruitment of the
autocracies to serve the colonial administration.

At present, the picture has changed. It is the population that is making its
own history, through recognition of the life in which it had been submerged.

For example, it is unnecessary to mobilize the worker so that he will under-

stand the difficulties in transportation existing now; but rather he himself

invents alternatives for immediate solution, to cope with the situation.

Thus, based on that system of work, pay and common struggle, the enterprise's
management has also been finding a fruitful area, with alternate solutions;

39



Mr Malcommess said the survey was the second Government-initiated investi-~
gation into black unrest which laid the blame for the unrest on factors other
than that of "incitement by revolutionary elements''--the Government usual
scapegoat.

He said the decision of Mr Viljoen to release only parts of the report was
regrettable because "excerpts are inevitably selective.”

He added: “The full report would probably take the matter a lot further."

Mr Malcomess said had been approached on a number of occasions by people
with problems concerning black local authorities.

He cited the case of a woman in Veeplaas who was allegedly "thrown out of
her home which was then taken over by the deputy mayor". This sort of thing
ereated problems, he said.

"Until such time as black local authorities are representative of the majority
of black people, there will be continuing problems," he said.

He said the councils were not fully representative, as evidence by the low
percentage polls in the elections.

This was the second report to lay the blame for unrest on the political situ-
ation in the country, the other being the Cillie Commission report which in-
vestigated the Soweto riots in 1976, he said.

Mr Errol Moorcroft, PFP MP for Albany, said: "To imply you can palm off the
legitimate political aspirations of blacks by offering them a greater say in
local government is to delude yourself.

"Until meaningful political participation is granted blacks at national
level, the disatisfaction will continue."

Mr Andres Savage, the PIP MP for Walmer, said: "Unless the Government gets
down to serious negotiations with credible black leaders soon, unrest will
increase in frequency and severity and in many unrelated places.

"The report of the Van der Walt survey has come up with something which most
already know, that the black unrest is not primarily an education shortcom-
ing, but dissatisfaction over Government-imposed political structures."

Mr Savage said the councils were rejected because they were seen by blacks
as being the full extent of the political rights that the Government was of-
fering them.

He said the genuine black leaders "had not had a hand in the creation of
these institutions".

Mr Zondani said in Grahamstown he could understand the opposition which
certain groups were. expressing against black local authorities.

70



JPRS-SSA~85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BOTHA-BUTHELEZI TALKS REPORTED
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 3 Dec 84 p 12

[Text] The confirmation that a public discussion was held between the
State President and the prime minister of KwaZulu--after the estrangement
of almost 2 years ago--was a surprise, but not an entirely unexpected one.

The demands imposed upon responsible leaders by the problems of South Africa
are like a law of nature which must let people of the stature of Mr P.W. Botha
and Captain Gatsha Buthelezi approach each other. It is really self-evident
that they would talk with each other.

President Botha is standing in the vanguard of reform and the creation of

a new South Africa, with two thirds of the white voters and a considerable
number of Coloreds and Indians supporting him. Captain Buthelezi represents
the largest black population group and enjoys unequalled black support as
the leader of Inkatha and the Black Alliance.

Both are Christians, both reject violence as a method for change and both
are seriously dedicated to the ideal of justice and a good future for every
person in this subcontinent.

Unfortunately there is an unsavory element among whites and blacks which
will sharply condemn meetings and discussions such as this one. The whites
opposed to that relentlessly believe in white supremacy, and the blacks which
would strike at Captain Buthelezi preach violence and revolution. The reali-
ties of South Africa, a country of various minority groups, are not taken
into account,

However, as President Botha said, in the interest of stability and progress
of South Africa he and Captain Buthelezi talked together in a spirit of mutual
respect. More discussions may follow.

South Africa may be thankful that these two leaders have extended their hands
again in friendship. A better understanding and healthier relations can
result from that.

Such discussions deserve the support and prayers of anyone who means well
for our country.

8700
- C80: 3401/64

79



128078
JPRS-SSA-85-014

26 February 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

ZAMBIA

ARAB BANK TO HELP FINANCE NEW ROAD LINK
Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 14 Jan 85 p 3

[Excerpt ] The Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa [BADEA] board
of directors has authorised a loan of about K30 million to co-finance a road-
building and surfacing project in Zambia under which Mansa and Kasama will be
linked by an all-weather road.

This is contained in a BADEA statement from the Bank's headquarters in Khar-
toum, Sudan, received in Lusaka at the weekend,

The statement said that the project will also be funded by the Saudi Fund for
Development and the Zambian government.

The Bank noted in its statement that the growth of the Zambian road network in
the rural areas has been slow and sporadic because most economic activity is
concentrated along the railway line which crosses the main industrial and min-
ing areas and the urban areas.

“In coming years, new priority will be given to extending the road, network,
with the aim of diversifying the means of communication, reducing the ef-
fects of the country being land-locked and bringing the rich agricultural pro-
vinces of the North, with their export commodities of coffee, tea and fish,
right into the economic and social development process," the statement said.

The statement said that including the present K30 million loan, BADEA's as-
sistance to the country has reached about K94 million.

Previous projects that have received support were emergency aid in 1974, the
Ndola-Kitwe dual carriageway in 1976 and a line of credit to the Development
Bank of Zambia in 1981.

“It should be noted that, as a general rule, BADEA's statutes stipulate a loan
of 10 million dollars. But the amount can, exceptionally, reach 15 million
dollars. To date, exceptions have been made only for the Selingue dam project
in Mali and the Congo-Ocean Railway in the Congo", said the statement.

CSO; 3400/472

105



LINSU Seeks Repeal of Decree 88A
(DAILY OBSERVER, 19 Dec 84)......eeeeeeeee

Government Employees Assured Payment of Salaries
(DAILY OBSERVER, 20 Dec 84).......ceseeeeee

Italian Logging Company Operating Illegally
(DAILY OBSERVER, 17, 18 Dec 84).........

Forest Operations
Erratum Acknowledged

Strict Control Over Fishing Urged
(Editorial; DAILY OBSERVER, 18 Dec 84)....cccsecescscscees

New Leaders for Bong Workers! Union
(DAILY OBSERVER, 19 Dec 84)......ccceseeecececscececeeeees

Financial Difficulties for Air Liberia
(DAILY OBSERVER, 20 Dec 84)....cscccecececvceccccereteeeee

Briefs
$2.5M ECOWAS Loan
Mayors' Council Formed

MALAWI
Briefs
PRC Mission Visits Projects
PRC Mission Visits Domasi
New Road Progresses
MOZAMBIQUE

Portuguese Mercenaries Paid To Fight for RENAMO
(THE DAILY NEWS, 3 Jan 85).......... See e cece teen ee eeee

Supply, Distribution Problems Faced by Chibabava Residents
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 28 Dec 84)......cseeeeceeecssceeees

Sena Sugar Estates Tries To Eliminate Vestiges of Colonialism
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 21 Dec 84)......cseeeecevessceeseee

Vegetable-Fruit Enterprise Overfulfills Production
(NOTICIAS, 7 Jan 85) .ecceccecccccecceccecteccercessevenees

Rains in Sofala Promise Good Year for Agriculture
(NOTICIAS, 8 Jan 85) ..ceeccceccecceccccecsesncseeeeeseeees

Religious Groups in Inhambane To Aid Drought Victims
(NOTICIAS, 8 Jan 85) ..ceseccccecccccccccseecvceseeeeeeeeee

-b-

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47


JPRS-SSA-85~-0.
20 February 1

ZAMBIA

POOR TRADE UNION COMMUNICATIONS ENCOURAGES PLAGUE OF STRIKES
Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 16 Jan 85 p 4
[Editorial]

[Text] "No more strikes", read our front page headline of October 10, last
year. It was based on a story in which we quoted the Minister of Labour and
Social Services Mr. Frederick Hapunda as having said that the government had
ordered a clampdown on industrial unrest.

Mx. Hapunda had also warned that any workers staging wildcat strikes would
be disciplined and also lose their pay. The headline could have well read:
"More strikes," since this is what is happening in Zambia today.

For two months after Mr. Hapunda's tough warning more than 250 Ndola Urban
District Council workers went on a wildcat strike because the council had
failed to pay them arrears.

it was a fact that the workers staged a wildcat strike but there was no an~
nouncement that the council had taken any disciplinary action against them.

And on Monday over 500 workers at the Kitwe Central IHospital went on a wildcat
strike to back up their demands for a K50 salary increase. And yesterday all
workers at Ndola Central Hospital joined their Kitwe colleagues and went on a
wildcat strike also on demands for a K50 salary increase.

Some of the striking workers are nurses who perform essential services and
as a result of the strike, doctors have been unable to perform their duties.
Since the strikes are wildcat ones, both patients and residents were taken
unawares. These are some of the problems the government should be pondering
over regarding the question of wildcat strikes.

Just what should the government do to stop workers in Zambia from staging
wildcat strikes? This is a difficult question for the government to answer
although Mr. Hapunda promised tough action last October.

The logical step is to discipline workers and let them lose their pay. But

that action could trigger off another wildcat strike. The answer therefore
should come from the labour leaders.

106



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

LIBERIA

FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES FOR AIR LIBERIA
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 20 Dec 84 pp 10, 12

[Text] Pilots of the national airline, Air Liberia, went on a temporary work
stoppage yesterday in demand for what they called "two months salary" owed
them by the airline's management.

The situation, which lasted for a few hours beginning yesterday morning,
was reportedly brought under control after the personal intervention of the
Minister of Commerce, Industry and Transportation, Mrs. McCleod Darpoh, who
managed to reach an agreement with the pilots.

According to reliable sources, the pilots' action was prompted by what they
termed a “lack of response" from management to persistent requests on the
issue of their outstanding salaries for the months of October and November.
Sources close to the pilots claimed that they sent a series of memoranda
regarding their outstanding salaries, but according to them, management did
not give any fruitful response. "It was because of this lack of response
that we had to act to show how serious we are over the matter," a spokesman
for the pilots, who asked to remain anonymous, told the Daily Observer.

According to another source, the pilots agreed to return to work after the
intervention of Minister Darpoh, following the assurance that they would
receive their salary checks for the month of October today, while those of
November will be issued next Monday.

When contacted by the Daily Observer for comment, Air Liberia authorities
denied knowledge of any such situation at the airline.

The Managing Director of Air Liberia, Mr. Michael Wiles, said he was not aware
of any such thing. He, however, added that there "were some in-house prob-
lems that I met this morning when I cam to work, but those have been settled.”

When asked to comment on the situation late yesterday, Commerce Minister

Darpoh would only say that a problem had arisen at Air Liberia due to a break-
down in communicaton but the matter "had been resolved."

27



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 198

SOUTH AFRICA

MGWALI APPLIES TO SUPREME COURT ON REMOVAL ISSUE
Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 8 Jan 85 p 6
[Article by Kin Bentley]

[Text] An application to the Supreme Court for an order declaring that
"Ciskei has no lawful administrative powers over Mgwali“ will be made around
the middle of January, according to a lawyer acting on behalf of the Mgwali
Residents' Association (MRA).

Mgwali is the 8 000-strong community near Stutterheim which is threatened
with removal to Frankfort in Ciskei.

Mr Geoff Budlender, of the Legal Resources Centre, met members of the MRA
before Christmas and is preparing the application.

There is apparently an agreement between South Africa and Ciskei whereby
Ciskei administers schools, pensions and welfare in this "black spot", which
is one of several in the "white corridor" between Ciskei and Transkei threat-
ened with removal to Ciskei.

The MRA has been unable to get a look at the agreement.

In February last year 15 members of the MRA, including a blind man and 96-
year-old Mr Herman Gija, were arrested by Ciskei police who raided the South
African village. They were released soon afterwards.

In reply to a question put in Parliament by PFP MP for Albany, Mr Errol
Moorcroft, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Louis Nel, said the
South African Government had protested to Ciskei about the incursion.

A member of the MRA and son of title-deed holder Mr Herman Gija, Mr Kidwell
Gija, said the community was one of the oldest African Christian settlements
in South Africa.

There were about 150 title-deeds held by Mgwali residents. These dated back
to the 1960s when the Rev Tiyo Soga, the first ordained black missionary in
South Africa, was granted them on behalf of the Reformed Presbyterian Church
by the Cape Government.

86



ANC members go out of their way to explain that the organization has put
strong emphasis on the principle of peaceful change ever since its founding
in 1911~-until the organization was outlawed in 1960 and there was no other
possibility open to it but to use arms.

This invites a counter question: does the central committee of the ANC have
adequate control over its military wing, Umkonto we Siswe, led by its commu-
nist strategist Joe Slovo? Can a planned terrorist operation be eliminated
on short notice?

This again leads to an answer which makes one suspect that in reality strong
control over Umkonto is not possible. The placers of bombs are not always
willing to accept the authority of their political leaders.

It is clear that there are people in the ANC who would be very pleased to
have a dialogue with the South African Government. It is just as clear,
however, that they must be very careful not to lose their credibility through
inviting the anger of the militants. That probably also applies to their
supporters within the anti-apartheid movement.

If such a meeting were ever to take place, there would be plenty of things,
however, on which a fruitful discussion on a broad range could be held between
the two parties, Both are convinced, for example, that South Africa will
have to find its very own solution if the claims of all people and grcups

are to be satisfied.

Also with respect to group rights there does not appear to be much difference
between the National Party and the ANC. The "Vrijheidshandves" [freedom
covenant] of the ANC, the political credo of the organization, states, for
example, that "all groups must be protected by the law... and that all
people have the same right to develop their languages and continue their

own culture and customs."

As one of the people with whom BEELD talked put it: “History has thrown
us together. Whether we like it or not, we all have to co-exist."

It was clear from the discussion that the ANC itself does not have an all-
embracing master plan for a future South African constitution. That is a
topic whose particularities will have to be worked out during negotiations
among all the groups.

In the ANC, just as among thinking Nationalists, there is interest in federal-
ism as a possible key to a solution, because "it would be a mistake to over-
centralize South Africa."

During the interview there were also various favorable references to President
P.W. Botha's proposed division of the country into eight areas for the sake
of promoting economic development.

Although the homeland policy is rejected as something which restricts black

citizens of South Africa to certain parts of their country and which robs
them of their citizenship, a fruitful discussion is still possible on that.

81



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

KENYA

MOI ANNOUNCES CABINET CHANCES
Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 8 Jan 85 pp 1, 24

[Yext] President Moi reshuffled four Cabinet Ministers and three Permanent
Secretaries yesterday.

An announcement from the Office of the President in Nairobi, said Mr Arthur
Magugu moves from the Ministry of Works, Housing and Physical Planning to
take over the Transport and Communications portfolio.

Mr Magugu replaces Mr Peter Okondo, who becomes the Minister for Commerce
and Industry.

And Mr Andrew Omanga, who was the Minister for Commerce and Industry, is now
in charge of Tourism and Wildlife, replacing Mr Maina Wanjigi.

Mr Wanjigi has left the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife to replace Mr Magugu
in Works, Housing and Physical Planning.

Three permanent secretaries were also affected by the reshuffle. Mr Joseph
Kipsanai moves from the Health Ministry to Culture and Social Services. Mr
Joseph Kiti leaves the Culture and Social Services Ministry to take charge
of the Water Development.

Mr Kiti replaces Mr J. 8. Omondi, who is the new Permanent Secretary in the
Ministry of Health.

President Moi reshuffled four other Ministers on October 15, last year. Then
Mr Okondo, who was in the Co-operative Development Ministry swopped positions
with Mr Henry Kosgey, who was in charge of Transport and Communications.

Two other Ministers affected in that change were Mr Paul Ngei, who left the
Ministry of Lands and Settlement and exchanged posts with Mr Eliud Mwamunga,
the then Minister for Environment and National Resources.

President Moi also sacked two permanent secretaries.
Dismissed was the Permanent Secretary for Water Development Mr Francis

Masakhalia who had employed people on tribal basis and failed to maintain
financial control.



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FIGHT AGAINST ARMED BANDITS CONTINUES IN GAZA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jan 85 p 8

{Text] Cadres from the defense and security forces in the Chokwe district of
Gaza reaffirmed on Monday the fact that the armed bandits, demoralized by the
consecutive defeats imposed on them by the Armed Forces of Mozambique (FPLM),
are constantly fleeing to the province's border areas, avoiding any direct
confrontations with our military. They are attempting to spread uneasiness
among the defenseless population, massacring and stealing their possessions.

This fact was reasserted by the "Lions of the Forest" during a ceremony to
congratulate the military commander of Gaza Province, Col-Gen Fernando Matavele,
on his promotion and decoration. On this occasion he was given a weapon
captured by the FAM/FPLM in the latest battle against the armed bandits.

Participating in the ceremony, among other cadres, were Brig Manuel Manjiche
and the administrator of Chokwe district, Aurelio Chambale.

It was remarked that, in the current phase wherein the armed bandits are
attempting to weaken the national economy and commit criminal acts among the
defenseless civilian population, the Armed Forces of Mozambique (FPLM), backed
by the Popular Militias and the population, are increasingly engaging in
combat with the criminals, pursuing, surrounding and annihilating those who
are spreading unrest.

The "Lions of the Forest" declared: "We are pressing on the trigger, we are
looking about with the utmost determination, we are climbing mountains, combing
forests, attacking, assaulting and occupying the bandits' camps; we are pursu-
ing, surrounding and annihilating those spreading unrest who, however, fear
direct confrontations with our forces."

The cadres from the defense and security forces commented: "We shall continue
to pursue the criminals so as to ensure ourselves of peace, with a view toward
carrying out our development projects."

The military sports group from the Nkomati Agreement Soccer team submitted a
message to the Gaza military commander, in which it reaffirmed its determina-
tion to liquidate the armed bandits, so that sports might also be developed
among the combatants.

2909

CSO: 3442/154

51



The poet and playwright, Prof Adam Small, also at the UWK, said racism in
literature is an old problem. "In the past, much damage was caused by
writers who were racist in outlook, but these days those who have the
interest of Afrikaans at heart realize that authors who are guilty of
racism create a negative image of Afrikaans.

"Authors must take care that they always convey an accurate picture of
a socio-political situation, and not be carried along by personal
concerns about such a situation," he said.

Mr Danie van Niekerk, director-in-chief of Table Mountain Publishers, said
that it is his company's policy not to publish anything have a negative,
racist slant.

Miss Alida Potgieter, editor of domestic children's books at the Human and
Rossouw Publishers, said that she has not received a single complaint of
racism in their books for children and young people in the more than two
years she has held her position.

"Authors and publishers are cautious these days not to give offense, and for
this reason I think there simply will not be a book that will appear which
will be offensive."

Mr Noel Eales, public relations officer for the Department of Education and
Culture, said the department has a system of inspection which has been

in effect for over a decade. Through the years the inspection process has
become stricter and more refined.

He said that at a time of change in views about human worth, it is obvious
that terminology and references acceptable four or five years ago are
no longer acceptable today.

This means that books which were formerly required reading must be
reinspected by the committees to ensure that they are suitable.

12494
CSO: 3401/62

93


NO TO NON-RACIAL SUBURB IN EAST LONDON

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 9 Jan 85 p 3

[Text ]

CSO:

3400/476

EAST LONDON — There
was no provision for a
‘racially mixed residen-
tial area in the Group
Areas Act, a spokesman
for the Department of
Constitutional Develo}
ment and Planning said
yesterday.

Mr Bertie Nel was re-
sponding to queries con-
‘cerning the proposed
implementation of an
area in East London
. Where all races could
live together.

He said nobody.could
‘proclaim such an area.
Applications from the
city council or the com-
munity would have to be

72

submitted to the Depart-
ment of Constitutional
Development and Plan-
ning.

Ifthe proposal were.
accepted then a permit
allowing all races in the
area to live together
would be issued.

Mr Nel said such a
decision would probably
only be made by the
Minister of Constitution-
al Development and
Planning, Mr Chris
Heunis.

“It has ‘never been
done so far although a
few individual cases
have been considered

and granted,” he said. «

“He added that an area
would first have to be
found before such a
proposal could be sub-
mitted to the minister
for consideration. —
DDR

JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 198

MOZAMBIQUE

SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION PROBLEMS FACED BY CHIBABAVA RESIDENTS
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 28 Dec 84 pp 8-9

[Test] The task of ensuring the supply of products of prime necessity essential
to the population of Chibabava district in Sofala, at this time when a struggle
is still being waged against the armed bandits attempting to stifle the process,
is a heroic act and, as such, creates heroes. Mussa Kara Issuf Chapdat, a
long-time distributor in that area, describes his professional experience in
this work.

He was a merchant in the locality of Hode since 1978 when, 2 years later,
a group of armed bandits held up his establishment and emptied it completely.

"They came in shooting and took the Jeep belonging to my neighbor, also a
merchant," recalls Mussa, adding: "Not even with this did I lose the courage
to continue my activity: guaranteeing the supply to the population."

He added: "In 1981, I purchased.2 People's shops in Revue and Buzi. In
January of the next year, I lost an Isuzu small vehicle, but the military
situation was still tense."

In mid-1983, the subject of our interview was a district distributor for Chiba-
bava. Starting then, "there was concern about having the commodities reach
the localities of Tronga, Muxungue and Rio Gorongosa, where there was famine,
caused by the action of the armed bandits, as well as the drought," he noted.

He said: "At first it was difficult to ensure the supply, but the Provincial
Department for Natural Disasters immediately undertook emergency action,
sending clothing and food."

He emphasized: "This victory is not dissociated from the action taken by the
Armed Forces of Mozambique (FPLM), against the armed bandits in the area, in
order to guarantee the arrival of the products."

Moreover, our interviewee disclosed that the local merchants lack sufficient

funds to make the respective survey of quotas. This is due to the plundering
by the bandits of which they were victims.

33



Both are drivers, who attested to their endeavor in the work to remove
vegetables, never refusing to go to any location, even if their very lives
were at risk.

These two drivers also distinguished themselves by the way in which they
took care of their trucks. Meanwhile, the director of the fruit-vegetable
enterprise disclosed that, at another ceremony yet to be held, other drivers
from different enterprises who, by their effort, also made it possible for
the products to reach Maputo from everywhere, will receive awards. There
was a minute of silence and then the memory of Justino Samuel, killed by

the BA's [armed bandits] on the road between Maputo and Moamba, was recalled.

2909
CSO: 3442/153

45



armed bandits, but rather Mozambican citizens who were subjected to deviation
and who realized your mistake."

At present, the Chiduco Reintegration Center houses over 30 former armed
bandits, who surrendered with their respective weapons, thereby benefiting
from the policy of clemency carried out by our party and by the Mozambican
state,

2909
csO: 3442/153

50


JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 198

MOZAMBIQUE

RAINS IN SOFALA PROMISE GOOD YEAR FOR AGRICULTURE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Jan 85 p 1

[Text] The provincial director of agriculture, Teotonio dos Muchangos, told
our representative in Beira: "Sofala Province will be able to have a good
agricultural year as a result of the steady, timely rain which has fallen
during the past two months with a tendency toward continuing."

The intense rainfall recorded during the final weeks of December even caused
concern. There were reports that, in some areas, particularly in the vicinity
of the city of Beira, some rice seedbeds were flooded; and steps are now being
taken to replace them.

In other districts, the farm work has been slightly upset, and the structural
entities associated with the Agriculture Ministry have been making efforts to
change the situation, now that the rain has subsided.

But, generally speaking, according to Teotonio dos Muchangos, the weather
factors this year are encouraging. The seedbeds for corn, mapira and sesame
have been virtually begun in nearly all the districts where the rainfall had
an effect. According to reports, Chemba was the district which did not bene-
fit from that rain.

Under the circumstances, the optimism of the agricultural agencies, based
on this situation, allows them to anticipate that in the regions where the
military situation is more calm, this year, with good organization, there
may be moderate amounts of surpluses of farm products. Cited as an example
is Nhamatanda District which, last year, had an excellent corn production
despite the problems resulting from the lack of rain.

Govuro Hopeful

The recent rainfall in the district of Govuro, Inhambane , after 4 consecu~
tive years of drought, has created hopes among the population for a possible
recovery or improvement in its living conditions, based on the results of
farm production this season.

Nevertheless, according to reports from that district, this expectation may
be thwarted owing to the insufficient supply of production factors from the
district's agricultural structures; in view of the fact that, to date, the
available facilities are inadequate for even half the population.

2909

CSO: 3442/153 46


ener

JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

IMPORTANCE OF BLACK RECRUITMENT IN SADF VIEWED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 16 Jan 85 p 6

{Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text ]

THE RECRUITMENT
of blacks into the De-
fence Force as a
means of “propping
up apartheid” may be

. more important to
the long term future

* of South Africa than
the new tri-racial

, parliament, accord-
ing to Dr Philip Fran-
kel of the Universi

: of the Witwatersrand.

“A good proportion of con-
temporary South African
politics is concerned with

. attempts to extend the le-
gitimacy of the state,” he

* notes in his new book on
the Defence Force, “Pre-

.,toria’s Praetorians.”

The degree to which “sub-
ject races can be encour-
aged to identify with the

, activities of the Defence

* Force” may be more vital

to hoy gaining great-
er egitimac r the
state than political co-op-
tion and constitutional
change, he contends.
But, he says, few blacks (Af-
ricans, coloureds and In-
dians) recognise the

. SADF as a legitimate in-

stitution because the

eee sense of illegitima-

attached to the white
state carries over to its
agents”.

Despite the suspicion, how-
ever, with which the
SADF is viewed by most
biacks, military person-
nel no longer have to ac-
tively recruit blacks into
the Defence Force.

Blacks serve in the SADF as
volunteers and there are
more black volunteers
than the Defence Force

: can absorb, enabling the
SADF to and se-
lect its black recruits.

‘Dr Frankel’s explanation
for this apparent anom-

aly is that the Defence
Force offers blacks a
chance of improving their
lot which is largely de-
nied to them in the wider
Society

“Given the limited number
of channels available to
upwardly mobile blacks
in apartheid society, the
Defence Force, the South
African Police and the
state bureaucracy are
important career outlets
for individual members

of subordinate race
while dorvice

le service in these insti-

tutions carries the risk of

alienation from the black
community (families of

the elite 21 Battalion had |

to be evacuated from So-
yeto in 1976 for fear of

e rsonal safety”),
the détision to serve in
them is “not entirely irra-
tional in terms of the ma-
terial rewards made
available to those willing

to make such a commit-

ment”. ~
Dr Frankel does not foresee

; White control of theSADF |

being jeopardised by the

inflow of blacks. Nor does

he conceive of a Defence

Force served by black
enerals or even briga-
iers and colonels.

But he does anticipate the
“rise of, blacks to “lower
and middle-ranking”
command positions, par-
ticularly in the ethnic
units — which will consti-
tute a black pressure

up within the Defence

‘orce of which the white

leadership will have to
take account.

The strategic situation of
these officers “at the nex-
us between the white
command and the black-
ening ranks” could result
in reforms spilling over
from the SADF into the



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HENDRICKSE CRITICIZES UDF, BOESAK, CHURCH LEADERS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 28 Dec 84 p 6

[Article: "'Will Sweep Away Those Obstructing’: Hendrickse Chops at UDF,
Boesak"]

[Text] Kimberley-~The Labor Party has accepted the invi-
tation to work for a new South Africa and will continue in
its new course single-mindedly, purposefully and with
perseverance, the Rev Alan Hendrickse, leader of the Labor
Party, said here yesterday evening.

In a speech at his party's congress, the Reverend Hendrickse said that those
who are obstructing the party will be swept away.

In a biting attack on the United Democratic Front (UDF) and its patron,

Dr Alan Boesak, the Reverend Hendrickse said that the UDF is a reactionary
movement that owes its existence to the Labor Party's decision to partici-
pate in the new constitutional dispensation.

“The UDF," he said to loud applause, "is neither united nor democratic."
The Labor Party must accept that there will always be movements like the UDF.

The Reverend Hendrickse expressed his thanks to members of the Roman Catholic
Church who ignored the appeal by Archbishop Denis Hurley to boycott the
August elections.

He also expressed his appreciation to the people in the Dutch Reformed Mission—
ary Church, the Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church and his own Congre-
gationalist Church who support the Labor Party.

The Reverend Hendrickse reaffirmed that he will not give in to the demands of
leaders of the Congregationalist Church that he should resign as clergyman of
the church because of his political status.

"I believe that what I am doing is the will of God and of the people," he said.

12271
CSO: 3401/84
85



particularly for the introduction of programs aimed at improving the workers'
living conditions with the little that exists in the country.

Supplies

During the period of British rule, the supplies of products to the workers
had been ensured with the use of circuits, which often depended on the import
line, with surcharges for the Portuguese colonial regime to compensate for
the debts that it owed to the West.

It is important to remember, in particular, that Portugal had, at that time,
a large volume of debts to Great Britain, the United States, Germany and,
France, which it requested to take charge of the colony's land for exploita-
tion, as a means of amortization.

So, it was on this basis that the Sena Sugar Estates came into existence,
engaged in the exploitation of sugarcane, in addition to other multinational
companies scattered all over Mozambique.

We said that, during the time of the British, the supplies were provided on
the basis of enticing the worker who, in exchange for a product, had to put
in many hours of work for the capitalists' benefit. But now the view is
completely different: the principle is "to each according to his work."

Hence, as the workers perform their reconstruction tasks, they simultaneously
enjoy the rights that have been entrusted to them.

New System

The new supply system at the Sena Sugar Estates enterprise includes the
distribution of products of prime necessity, based on the potential and
quotas assigned to the enterprise.

With regard to wheat, the enterprise is producing 9,000 loaves of bread per
day, a situation that was not in evidence previously.

As for sugar, there has recently been a considerable increase to 8 kilograms
per worker. The same thing holds true for the distrbution of meat and cloth-
ing, the quotas of which have also been reinforced.

Our Strength Lies in the Countryside

"This attitude of going to visit the countryside when we have a personal
interest must end," remarked Jose Paulo N'Chumali, in a self-critical tone,
speaking on behalf of the directors, chiefs and members of the party and
the union committee, among others who belong to the enterprise's group of
directors,

N'Chumali mentioned, in this connection, the need for making the visits to
the countryside more dynamic, so as to really experience the population's

40


JPRS-SSA-85~0
20 February 1]

ZIMBABWE

MIDLANDS GOVERNOR WARNS CHURCHES ON SUPPORT OF DISSIDENTS
Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 8 Jan 85 p 7

[Text] The Governor of the Midlands province, Cde Benson Ndemera, has de-
plored some church organisations which preach against joining political
parties but continue to work for the disruption of the political order by
supporting anti-Government elements.

Cde Ndemera was addressing more than 1 000 members of different church or-
ganisations during an inter-denominational service at Maglas township in
Zvishavane at the weekend.

"It is not Government policy to interfere with the freedom of worship," he
said, "but I must warn some of the religious organisations who support bandits
that Government will not hesitate to punish them."

He said some church organizations in some parts of the Midlands recently con-
nived with dissidents to kill some local ZANU (PF) officials.

The Governor said genuine Christians were against bloodshed, but they could
only take up arms for the purpose of freeing the oppressed and establishing a
just society.

Quoting the Bible, Cde Ndemera said Moses was the first freedom fighter to
be recruited by God to free the Israelites from Egyptian oppression.

Churches in Zimbabwe must, therefore, support Government and the ruling party
because it had fought for the liberation of this country, he said.

Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola and other countries which fought for the liber-
ation of their people had the blessings of God.

South African freedom fighters were still waging a holy war against the
apartheid Botha regime, he said.

cso: 3400/477

110



JPRS-SSA- 85-014

20 February 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS
ANGOLA
Luanda Harbor Operation, Difficulties Discussed
(DIARIO DE LISBOA, 13 Dec 84)....cc cece cece eee e eee eeeeeeeee
Briefs
UNITA's Faction Rebels
GUINEA

Government Decrees New Policy in Minerals Trading
(Neil Behrmann; RAND DAILY MAIL, 17 Jan 85)...

GUINEA-BISSAU

Swedish Research Agency To Aid INEP

(NO PINTCHA, 5 Jan 85)..... eee c creer ence cece neces eeenes
KENYA
Moi Announces Cabinet Changes
(DAILY NATION, 8 Jan 85)... ccceecccseececseseessccesseeees
Briefs
Coup ‘Participants' Sentences Adjusted
Coffee Industry Sags
Fuel Trade Commences
Biwott To Represent Rift Valley
LIBERIA

SECOM Urged To Continue Voter Registration
(DAILY OBSERVER, 13 Dec 84) ....ccccecccc cece cece ceeeeeenes

Six New Parties To Begin Registration Procedure
(DAILY OBSERVER, 20 Dec 84) ....ceccccceeccceccceceeeeeeees

13

15



The council approved an increase in tariffs to take into account the devalu-
ation of the two countries currencies.

Among others, the tariff on metals has gone up by 20 per cent, passengers
by 28.1 percent, livestock and other commodities by 21.8 percent, molasses
and wattle bark extract by 45 per cent.

The council appointed a committee of five--two members each from the partner
states and one from China, to "critically" examine the operations of the rail-
way and make specific recommendations on measures to cut down on operations.

Another committee was set up to examine the problems of fluctuations of the
Zambian Kwacha and the Tanzanian shilling in relation to other currencies and
their effect on Tazara's viability.

The committee will consist of the governors of the two central banks with the
Tazara general manager as secretary.

After making a study, they will recommend to the Tazara council of ministers,
an internationally acceptable operating unit of account in all Tazara's trans-
actions.

cso; 3400/472

103



The writer points out that almost half of the black workers went to work
while the other half went on strike. "What we need is 100 percent partici-
pation."

He ends his letter with the slogan: "On with the struggle! The time has
arrived when we have nothing to lose except the chains that restrain us."

Here are a few more examples to show how the two camps explain their case:
Z.M. Sigabanda of Johannesburg writes that he does not believe in violence
to effect change in our beloved country.

Abdullah Phiri of Kwa~Bokhweni wants to knew whether the UDF [United Demo-
cratic Front] fights for the liberation of blacks and whether that organiza-
tion causes only unwanted deaths.

"Frank Talk" from Welkom writes that the recent stay-away from work campaign
is the most effective strategy to bring the government to the negotiation
table. CITY PRESS writes in its feature article that rumors of another stay-
away from work--and this time a very long one~~are irresponsible, stupid

and very dangerous.

It is pointed out that prominent trade unions have rejected the appeals for
another stay~away from work campaign and that they have disassociated them-
selves very clearly from that.

In an article in the magazine PACE, the Reverend Sam Buti of Alexandra gives
his opinion: "The question about relevant and irrelevant black leaders is
irrelevant. All of us are slaves..."

To the question regarding the cause of the division in the black community
he answers: Blacks are an effective agent in the current system of divide
and conquer, The system no longer divides them; they divide themselves.

In one of its articles, the magazine NEW DAWN deals with one of the most
delicate problems in the black community--the education of its children.
A spokesman of the Congress of South African Students (Cosas) is quoted,
according to whom the greatest concern is the great lack of teachers in
black schools. A total of 87 percent of teachers in black schools never
got a degree,

A former school principal, Mr Stan Edkins, points out the important differ-
ence: "When whites think of high school students, they think of children
under 18 years old. Here (in black neighborhoods) the situation is dif-
ferent. Students are in their early twenties. They are adults. They feel
they have the right to still be in school if they have not graduated yet.”

Mr Edkins says that in 1976 (when large-scale disturbances broke out) there
were seven schools in Soweto which offered a degree. In 1982 the number
was 61, It is noteworthy that, of all the problem areas, Soweto this year
had the least difficulties.

8700

CsO: 3401/64
63



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

EX-BANDITS BEING REINTEGRATED IN INHAMBANE PROVINCE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Jan 85 p 1

[Text] Three armed bandits were recently eliminated in Nhapadiane , in the
district of Inharrime, Inhambane, in connection with the offensive that our
Army is carrying out in that region. At the end of the operation, which
resulted in the elimination of the bandits, various weapons and a simulated
wooden weapon that the bandits had been using to intimidate the population
were seized.

Meanwhile, the population's goods in the bandits' possession were recovered,
namely, 57 small animals, including chickens, ducks and goats.

In other action taken in Nhapadiane, on this occasion, populations held hostage
by the bandits were released and over 30 head of cattle recovered.

In the military action, the population took an active part’, using bows and
arrows in the fighting, according to local military officials.

Reintegration

In the meantime, former armed bandits who surrendered voluntarily with their
weapons to the FAM-FPLM, and who have been reintegrated in the Chiduco Center,
at Massinga, have already built 30 improved dwellings using local materials,
in their future district.

At the present time, a collective farm has been opened, where dry season crops
will be introduced, as well as rice and vegetables, in a low-lying area situat-
ed on the outskirts of the center. For this purpose, the center has now
received seed sent by the Agricultural Directorate, through the Provincial
Military Command.

The chief of staff of the Inhambane Provincial Military Command, Maj Manuel
Casse, recently visited that reintegration center, to learn about the process
of organizing those former armed bandits into cadres for a new life; and, on
this occasion, delivered an address on the nature of the BA's [armed bandits].

Maj Manuel Casse praised the active participation of those reintegrated in
agricultural production, remarking in this connection: "You are no longer

49



JPRS~SSA-85-01
20 February 19

SOUTH AFRICA

DANISH FOREIGN MINISTRY ISSUES REPORT ON OIL TRANSPORT ROLE
Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Danish 24 Jan 85 p 1
[Article by Dan Axel: "Minimal Oil Transport to South Africa on Danish Ships"]

[Text] While there were 3.2 million tons of oil shipped to South Africa on
Danish ships in 1980, in the last three years the figure has remained
consistently low at approximately 30,000 tons per year, according to calcula-
tions from the Foreign Ministry.

In fact, the shipment of oil to South Africa on Danish ships stopped as early
as three years ago.

This is what some as yet unpublished figures from the Danish Foreign Ministry
show; in the course of the spring the Ministry will report on oil transport
to Parliament. The Ministry has worked on its calculations since May when

a majority directed Uffe Ellemann-Jensen to report about all oil shipments
since 1979.

On the basis of these calculations, BERLINGSKE TIDENDE can reveal that in
each of the years 1982, 1983, and 1984 only about 30,000 tons of oil were
shipped to South Africa on Danish ships.

Also, these figures conceal an incredible decrease when compared to previous
years. In 1979 the figure was 1.3 million tons, in 1980 3.2 million tons,
and in 1981 222,000 tons of oil.

"The figures which have been reported on TV and in the press are historical
and for that reason are not of interest," Foreign Minister Uffe Ellemann-
Jensen (Liberal) said to BERLINGSKE TIDENDE. "It is therefore impressive
to see how Preben Moller Hansen dfthe;:Seamen's:Union can get large segments
of the press to swallow such a bait." The Foreign Minister went on to

say that figures concerning A. P. Moller's oil shipments to South Africa in
the years 1979-1981 were already out in June 1984. It was figures from

the Shipping Research Bureau in Amsterdam that were used on the TV news
Thursday.

"Furthermore, the figures are from before Parliament's decision last May
bringing a halt to Danish involvement in oil shipment to South Africa. It looks

98



For his part, the managing director of FDA, Mr. Shad Kaydea, told the Daily
Observer that he had granted the ITC a permit to only construct roads,
mobilize their workforce and build schools,

Ne said ITC was at the moment not engaged in logging. But, investigation
revealed that the Italian Timber Corporation is, in fact, exporting logs
through the Buchanan Port,

Mr. Kaydea pointed out that in his capacity as managing director of FDA,
the Nimba Logging Company could not be granted the "contract" because they
did not meet the requirements.

Also contacted by the Daily Observer was the proprietor of the Italian Timber
Corporation, Mr. Nicolai Farmosa, who confirmed operating the company in
Nimba.

He said although his company was engaged in building roads, schools and
mobilizing its work force, it was also engaged in exporting timbers. Ie re~
fused to make further comments on the issue.

Erratum Acknowledged
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 18 Dec 84 p 1

[Text] Our attention has been drawn to the fact that the Nimba Logging Com-
pany (NLC) submitted its proposals and detailed feasibility study for the
control of some 407,100 acres of forest land in Nimba County on January 25,
1984 and not July 25, 1984 as was reported in our front page story yesterday.

NLC's proposals were received, evaluated and forwarded to the In-house Project
Planning Committee of the National Investment Commission. Said proposals were
tabled, according to NIC sources, after a conflict developed over the granting
of a permit for the "illegal operation" of the area by the Italian Timber Cor-
poration.

The Italian Timber Corporation is said to have taken over operations of the era
in November 1983.

We regret any inconveniénce the error in the dates may have caused the manage-
ment of the Nimba Logging Company.

cso; 3400/480

23



UPRS-SSA-85-014)
20 February 198!

LIBERIA

GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES ASSURED PAYMENT OF SALARIES
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 20 Dec 84 pp 1, 10

[Text] Government employees have been assured that their salary cheques for
the months of September through November will be released for the season.

The assurance was given yesterday by the Deputy Minister of Finance for Ex-
penditure, Mr. Lindsay Haines, during an interview with the Daily Observer.

He said that already an approval had been made by his office for the disburse-
ment of salary cheques to some 31 ministries and agencies, adding that the
exercise, which began yesterday, is expected to be completed by next week.

Minister Haines pointed out that up to last week, several government minis-

tries and agencies had not been issued salary cheques ranging from 90 to 120
days.

But, he said, all efforts were being made to ensure that the disbursement
exercise is completed on time.

The assurance by the Deputy Minister of Finance comes at a time when nearly
all employees of government ministries and agencies are wondering how they
and their families are going to spend the Christmas and New Year seasons.

Meanwhile, employees within the lower bracket of the Liberia Water and Sewer
Corporation (LWCS) were yesterday given assurance that they would receive
their salary cheques for the month of November before Christmas.

Over the last few months, there have been a chronic delay in the payment of
salary cheques to the employees due to an acute financial problem faced by
the corporation.

In an interview with the Daily Observer, the Deputy Managing Director of
LWSC, Mr. Collins W. Teah, Sr., pointed out that the recent redundancy of 16
employees of the corporation, coupled with a recent campaign launched to col~
lect outstanding bills from delinquent customers, has all helped to keep up-
to-date all the payment of salaries.

19



JPRS-SSA-85-01
20 February 19:

ZAMBIA

TAZARA MAKES OPERATIONAL CHANGES TO EASE ECONOMIC CRUNCH
Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 13 Jan 85 p 1

[Text] Zambia and Tanzania have made drastic changes in the administration of
the Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) aimed at easing financial and
operational problems the railway has been facing.

A two-day council of ministers special meeting held in Lusaka has brought the
operation of Tazara in line with other railway lines in Southern Africa.

To this effect, Tazara will raise and collect charges in the local currency
of the region in which the service is rendered.

At a Press conference at the Lusaka International Airport yesterday, Minister
of Power Transport and Communications Mr Fitzpatrick Chuula and the Tanzania
Minister for Communication and Works Mr John Malecela said in a joint state-
ment the new measures should alleviate operational constraints which have
dogged Tazara.

“Tazara shall henceforth isolate and apportion freight charges, so that
charges between Dar-es-Salaam and the border shall be paid in Tanzanian
shilling, and between Kapiri Mposhi and the border shall be paid in Zambian
Kwacha,'' the statement said.

To ensure a smooth change-over from the present system, Tazara will imple-
ment the measures in stages initially starting with the Zambia Consdlidated
Copper Mines.

Mr Chuula explained that other railway lines in Southern Africa operated in
this way. "We have brought Tazara in line with all other lines in Southern
Africa.

To clear the arrears in the transfer of furids amounting to about K10.5 mil-
lion, the council resolved that the Bank of Zambia should remit 25 per cent
of the figure direct to Tazara account in Dar-es-Salaam in foreign exchange.

The Bank of Tanzania will release the remaining 75 per cent in Tanzanian
shillings to Tazara head office in Dar-es-Salaam. The Bank of Zambia will
then transfer in three equal monthly instalments starting from February,
the remaining 75 per cent.

102



JPRS-SSA-85-014

20 February 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

PORTUGUESE MERCENARIES PAID TO FIGHT FOR RENAMO
Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 3 Jan 85 p 14

[Text] MAPUTO: Mercentaries are being recruited in Portugal to fight for
the "bandits" of the Mozambique National Resistance (MNR) against the
Mozambique government, says a front page article in the daily paper Noticias.

The writer of the article, Mozambican journalist Mario Ferro, explains how he
met an old friend in Lisbon, whom he had known in colonial times when they
had both been in the Porguguese army. Mr Ferro's friend said that he had
been approached to become a mercenary and fight in Mozambique, but had re-~
fused.

The proposal had been to join a group of former commandos and paratroopers
from the Portuguese army who would be infiltrated into Mozambique from South
Africa--despite the Nkomati non-aggression accord between Mozambique and
South Africa. He had been offered a monthly salary of 300,000 Portuguese
escudos (about 2 000 US dollars) to be deposited in a Portuguese bank account.

The £riend, whom the paper does not name, later introduced Mr Ferro to the
mercenary recruiter in a Lisbon bar. The recruiter told Mr Ferro that he
had become a mercenary in 1981 when he had been contracted in Lisbon to fight
for the South Africans in Namibia.

He had been part of the notorious "Buffalo Battalion" fighting in northern
Namibia and southern Angola.

There were several :other Portugese serving alongside him, he recalled--
former commandos, marines and paratroopers. Some had been unemployed in
Lisbon and eagerly snatched at the chance of returning to a military life.
The recruiter told Mr Ferro that he had been given the task of hiring mer-
cenaries for the MNR by a certain Vasco Leitao. Recruitment was also taking
place in the southern Portuguese city of Setubal, where a man called Correia
Umbelina was looking for likely mercenaries.

Mr Ferro-was introduced to several other mercenaries, all of whom used

pseudonyms rather than their real names. A man who called himself "Chico
Gatilho" also spoke of fighting in Namibia and going on raids into Angola.

31



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 198!

SEYCHELLES

NEW SOCIALIST YOUTH LEAGUE INITIATED
Victoria NATION in English 14 Jan 85 pp 1, 10

[Text] The Seychelles People's Progressive Front Youth League which will be
launched this year will be the avant garde or torch bearer of the Seychellois
youth in the struggle to build the New Society, the organisation's first
Chairman, Mr Ralph Adam, has announced.

In an interview with Radio-Television Seychelles last week, Mr Adam, who is
also the SPPF Secretary for Youth and Sports, said that the new movement of
six to 30-year-olds would have the special task of rallying the country's
young people to the cause of creating new citizens for the socialist society
being built,

“The militants of the League will have a duty to penetrate the rest of the
country's youth in their schools, the National Youth Service (NYS), the Sey~
chelles Polytechnic and their places of work to transform them into a dedi~
cated and solid base for the New Society," Mr Adam said.

The Youth League will be affiliated to the SPPF in the same way as the Na-
tional Workers' Union and the Seychelles Women's Association.

Based at the Maison du Peuple on Latanier Road, the Youth League will be made
up of the Young Pioneers for children between six and 12 years old, the
Pioneers for those from the age of 12 until they join the National Youth
Service (NYS), and the Young Militants for young people both inside and out-
side the NYS up to 30 years old.

The League will regroup the youth of the country and promote the fundamentals
unity, dignity, fraternity, justice, self-reliance, discipline and socialist
revolution among them,

It will also defend the interests of young people and work for their full
integration in the political, social, economic and cultural development of
the country.

Another objective will be to bring up a generation of united, disciplined,

studious and hardworking young people with high moral values and fully in-
volved in nation building.

55



Increase

Lome III has provided for a substantial increase in EEC assistance to ACP
countries, he revealed, While specific details are not yet available, the
total amount under Lome III is about $8,85 billion, compared with about $5,8
billion under Lome II.

The $8,85 billion is to be allocated as follows: Grants-~$5,06 billion;
loans--$1,25 billion; Stabex (Stabilisation of Export Earnings, agriculture)--
$963 million; Sysmin--$432 million; and European Investment Bank--$1,145
billion.

"Agriculture and rural development have been given a very high priority,"
said Mr Dunkelsbuhler, “and within that, food security. There is a new chapter
for drought relief and desertification control and one on fisheries,"

He said that other "new chapters" that Zimbabwe will doubtless find useful
include one on “encouragement of investment" and another on aid for small-to-
medium scale enterprises.

However, Mr Dunkelsbuhler pointed out that before any real benefits of Lome
III can be realised by any country, the agreement, signed in Lome, Togo,

on December 8, must be ratified by both EEC members and the majority of ACP
members. This is likely to have been completed by September next, when the
wheels of Lome III can then start turning.

CSO: 3400/477

109



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 198!

SOUTH AFRICA

DETAILS OF CONSTITUTIONAL COMMITTEE FOR BLACKS DISCUSSED
Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 13 Jan 85 p 2
{Article by Graham Watts]

[Text] The government's attempt to come up with a constitutional formula for
blacks has yet to achieve one of its most important tasks--finding someont to
talk to.

With this year's first Cabinet meeting due on Wednesday, and Parliament to
open in a fortnight, two of the country's most important moderate black poli-
ticians this week repeated their refusal to appear before the Cabinet's con-
stitutional committee.

One of them, Chief Gatsha Buthelezi of Inkatha, revealed for the first time
this week that he told Mr P W Botha during their recent meeting--their first
in four years--that he would not appear before the committee.

And the Rev Sam Buti, mayor of Alexandra and probably the single most impor-
tant participant in the government~created urban local. authority system, said
the government should not even bother with an invitation to him to appear.

Spokesman for the United Democratic Front and the National Forum Committee,
the two umbrella bodies for hundreds of black organisations working ‘outside
the system', also this week "categorically" ruled out discussions with the
committee,

The Cabinet Special Committee on Black Constitutional Development under the
chairmanship of Mr Chris Heunis, Minister of Constitutional Development and
Planning, was set up at the end of 1983, soon after the referendum on the
new constitution gave the go-ahead for the inclusion of coloured and Indian
representatives in central government.

It has held several rounds of talks with leaders of some of the ‘independent!
and ‘self-governing’ homelands and with black town councillors whose credibil-
ity has been questioned on the basis of the small percentage polls they
mustered in their elections.

73



Krus and the Fantis who carry out fishing on a large scale feeding mostly
the coastal towns.

This uncontrolled over~fishing in our waters could have serious, adverse
effects in the long run on the industry and on our diet which heavily de-
pends on seafood for protein.

Instead of giving encouragement to this uncontrolled depletion of our marine
resource by licensing another fishing company to operate in Liberia, we think
there should be strict controls imposed and enforced by the governments of
the Mano River Union and by ECOWAS. Fishing trawlers should be closely
monitored and restricted. Existing fishing companies should start fish
processing factories so that we may accure more benefits from the industry.

It may be argued that another fishing company woudl bring in additional revenue
to government's meagre coffers, but this is what was happening in Namibia with
thirteen fish processing factories; but as the fish was depleted in the factor-
ies began to close down. Now there are only three. Since we are neither
processing nor exporting fish, we wonder how much more can the market absorb?

Today, the primary concern of countries in the Sahel region is centered around
the drought and its eroding consequences. We in Liberia may be blessed for
now; because although we may feel a minimal effect of the drought in the
interior, we can still boast of verdant forests and many rivers flowing the
year around with fresh drinking water. But how long can we continue this
boast if we allow our forests to be cut down without rigidly implementing

the reforestation programme? How long can we keep this boast if we allow
fishing trawlers to deplete the depths of our waters leaving the sea around
us virtual underwater deserts?

If we cannot control or restrict the process, then we should not aid or abet
it directly or indirectly.

We therefore urge the authorities concerned to take a new look at the fishing
industry, reassess its value and its role in the economic life of the country;
and realize that it is a depletable resource.

If the depletion of this resource is hastened by our economic greed, it could

leave:us with nothing to fall back upon if our agricultural efforts are hamper-
ed by drought. In short, let us not burn our candle at both ends.

CSO: 3400/480

25



JPRS-SSA-85~014
20 February 198

SOUTH AFRICA

FEWER ANC ATTACKS LAST YEAR
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 17 Jan 85 p 3

[Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text] There was a decrease in attacks by African National Congress insur-
gents last year compared to 1983, according to the Pretoria-based Institute
of Strategic Studies.

Figures compiled by the institute show that there were 42 ANC attacks last
year, ranging from attacks on police stations,:the killings of State witnes-
ses in security trials, to the bombing of Government buildings.

The 42 attacks represent a marked decrease on the comparable figure of 55
for 1983. The 1984 total, however, was higher than that of 39 for 1982.

The attacks were concentrated in the Port Natal area, where ANY fighters
struck 13 times, and the Witwatersrand, where there were 17 attacks.

A feature of last year's attacks was the way in which they tailed off during
the last three months of 1984,

Until then the frequency of attacks was on a par with those initiated in 1983,
in spite of the signing of the Nkomati Accord between South Africa and Mozam-
bique in March last year and the subsequent crackdown on the ANC in Swaziland.

The Nkomati Accord is understood to have resulted in an exodus of ANC men
into Swaziland and South Africa.

Once these men were either killed or captured, the ANC found it increasingly
difficult to infiltrate replacements across South Africa's borders, Professor
Mike Hough, director of the institute, said yesterday.

But the discovery of a huge cache of arms, including landmines, in northern

Natal last month, indicated that the ANC would not easily abandon its campaign
of ‘armed struggle", Prof Hough added.

CSO: 3400/474

91



JPRS-SSA-85-0
20 February 1

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

UNITA'S FACTION REBELS--NP learned today from a source associated with the
Angolan rebel movements in Namibia that UNITA'’s Commander Vakulukuta has
rebelled with his 3,000 troops of the Cuanhama tribe, and has been imprisoned
by the South African Army. The source claimed: "Vakulukuta is one of the most
senior military chiefs of UNITA, and this is not the first time that he has
been involved in rebellions. He was also the first UNITA commander to surrender
arms and ammunition to SWAPO." He said that his guerrillas threatened the South
African authorities that they would join SWAPO (South-West African People's
Organization) if their chief was not released unharmed. The source remarked
that UNITA and SWAPO have maintained relations since the creation of the former
organization, and both share in their ranks individuals belonging to the same
tribe. He said that Vakulukuta's position was brought about by Luanda, through
the influence that it enjoys in SWAPO. The source claimed that the alleged
capture of Jonas Savimbi by Luanda's Armed Forces was "a rumor put into circu-
lation" by South Africa to conceal Vakulukuta's arrest. Savimbi was helped
considerably by SWAPO's diplomatic channels which enabled him to move from
Zambia to Angola in 1967, at a time when the Zambian authorities banned UNITA
from using their territory to attack the Portuguese forces in Angola. Savimbi
was imprisoned in Lusaka in 1967, for 6 days, in the Kabwata-Lusaka jail, and
was later expelled from the country, making use of SWAPO's good offices to
enter Angola. [Text] [Lisbon A TARDE in Portuguese 20 Dec 84 p 9] 2909

CSO: 3442/140


Informal

Although it is understood that the government has had informal talks with a
number of black politicians, including those working ‘outside the system', it
is believed it merely heard them repeat the message: announce your intention
to scrap apartheid and to negotiate without preconditions, lift the ban on the
ANC and PAC, and release all political prisoners.

Mr Heunis said this week that the committee had had "wide and broad discus-
sions with a wide spectrum of opinion". He said it wasn't necessary for all
discussions on constitutional matters to be held by the committee itself.
Individual members of the committee were holding talks all the time.

He conceded that committee members, both formally and informally, had not. "so
far" heard “a representative opinion of all black leaders" but that did not
mean they would not do so.

Inquiry

He stressed that the committee was involved in an "on-going" inquiry. He
said it was also a "negotiating instrument".

“We also negotiate in the committee," he said. "Take the issue of citizenship.
When desicions are taken on the question of citizenship, they will also be
taken because of the fact of these discussions and negotiations."

It is widely believed that the government is shortly to announce a common
South African citizenship under a formula that is still able to keep politi-
cal rights separate.

Some observers saw this as a small but significant victory for those involved
in talks with the committee.

But Chief Buthelezi shrugged it off: "I am already a South African citizen,"
he said. "I have a South African passport. It may be a victory for people
like the Ciskeians, but it is no victory for me. I am not a foreigner, and
by refusing to accept independence I ensure that I shall never be."

Mr Buti said that the demand for a common South African citizenship was as
old as apartheid. “If it is a victory it is one for those in jail and in
exile," he said.

--Chief Buthelezi also revealed this week that he had "got the impression"
from meetings with both Mr P W Botha and Dr Gerrit Viljoen, Minister of Co-
operation and nevelopment and of Education, that the Buthelezi Commission was
being viewed positively by the government.

The commission's seven-volume report, published in March 1982, called for a
constitutional formula of shared power among all the people of Natal and
Kwazulu.

cso: 3400/475

74



JPRS-SSA-85-01)
20 February 19

SOUTH AFRICA

ANC LEADERS ON TERRORISM, FUTURE PLANS
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 11 Dec 84 p 13

[Report on interview with ANC leaders by BEELD correspondent Piet Muller:
"BEELD and ANC Discuss Troubling Questions" ]

[Text] During a visit to Lusaka last week, an Afrikaans
paper had, for the first time in decades, a probing dis-
cussion with leaders of the ANC. The meeting was arranged
by the Center for Intergroup Studies in Cape Town and

it is a result of various pleas made recently for a dis-
cussion between the Government and the ANC. The pleas
were made by, amongst other people, businessman Mr Tony
Bloom and the Stellenboshscholar Professor Willie
Esterhuyse. At a meeting of the Reformatory Association
in Potchefstroom last week, a similar plea was made to
the Government. A national member of parliament recently
stated that individual politicians might perhaps talk
with members of the ANC, but that much will have to happen
before the Government and the ANC talk to each other
directly. Piet Muller reports.

Can a discussion between the South African government and the ANC ever take
place? Will the ANC, for example, ever be prepared to suspend its policy

of violence and terror in order to pursue a dialogue and a policy of negotia—
tion? Will it abandon, for example, its campaign against homeland leaders?

These were the types of questions asked of ANC leaders by BEELD in a discus-
sion lasting 5 hours.

It is clear that a dialogue between the National Party and the ANC is still
far off, unless something dramatic and unexpectedly happens to bring those
two parties to the negotiation table.

Our neighboring states in the north still maintain steadfastly, however,
that such a discussion can be held. They say straightforwardly that peace
is only possible if Afrikaners and the ANC can come to an agreement. Behind
this statement, of course, is the hidden fear that the fighting might expand
until all of Southern Africa is ablaze.

80



The facilities were subjected to major conservation work, the inoperative
equipment was recovered in 90 percent of the cases and work productivity
increased. In the case of the equipment, most of the repairs were made in
the port's own offices, generally resorting to the use of parts and surpluses
taken from machines the deteriorated condition of which was irreversible.

The total recovery of ‘the machinery supply and implementation of the preven-
tive maintenance system, however, should be completed next year.

"When we put everything that was left by the colonists into operation, we
shall move on to new investments," predicts Alvaro Agante, son of colonists
and holder of a degree in economics from the University of Porto. As for

the concrete plans, he prefers to traverse safe paths: "Incompetence is often
concealed behind major projects."

For the present, there is a phase of recovery and consolidation for the enter-
prise. The movement in the port amounts to about 70,000 tons per month but,
"during October it moved 82,000, despite the sabotaging of the electrical
system."

However, the proper management of such a complex economic unit entails the
cooperation of agencies outside the port. He explains: "If they should put
300,000 tons here for me all at once, obviously, it would take 3 months to
solve the problem." For this reason, it is necessary to plan imports and
then make arrangements for their customs clearance and removal from the port
zone.

But, in order to attain those goals quickly, a great deal of inertia and
bureaucracy must be overcome: "I am constantly at war to have them take the
goods out of here...and this is contrary to the interests of my enterprise"
(but it befits the country's interests).

Macrostructures With Feet of Clay

One of Alvaro Agante's problems lies in the customs clearance of products.

In his opinion, "This process is still based on the Palace Yard; the RP of
the Portuguese Republic still has many printed forms in customs...." However,
he does not accuse anyone: "They are correct from the standpoint of the law,
but as for legitimacy...." And he even justifies certain situations: "There
is a great lack of cadres in customs, and dispatchers are also lacking."

In addition to this, "Previously, there were thousands of importers watching
out for their merchandise; now there are half a dozen macrostructures with
feet of clay, and directors without an entrepreneurial spirit."

So that no doubts will remain, he explains that, in his view, "The big diffe-
rence between capitalist and socialist enterprises lies in the appropriation
of profits, but the fact is that both have to work."

In the comments of this unique man there is, however, more than technocratic
reasoning. He does not hesitate to assert: "The price of operating, and


eee

JPRS-SSA~85—
20 February

ZIMBABWE

MINING INDUSTRY NOW ELIGIBLE FOR EEC AID
Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 4 Jan 85 p 1

[Text ] Zimbabwe's participation in the protracted EEC/ACP negotiations for
the recently-signed Lome III convention, has had some good results, an im-
portant one being that the country's mining industry is now, for the first
time eligible to apply for financial assistance from the EEC, in times of
depression.

In an interview with The Gazette last week, the EEC delegate to Zimbabwe,
Mr Gaspard Dunkelsbuhler said that Zimbabwe had played a “major part" in the
Sysmin programme negotiations, where this country's ambassador in Brussel's,
Mr Solomon Mahaca, chaired all meetings.

"A new system was found during negotiations," he said, “to give countries
like Zimbabwe eligiblity to benefit in times of downfall, in production
capacity or export earnings, in the mining sector. Zimbabwe can now approach
the EEC for financial assistance."

Innovat ion

Sysmin was an innovation of the Lome II convention, he explained, and intro-
duced a system of some guarantee for ACP minerals. Its main aim is to main~
tain or re-establish existing production capacity in that sector.

However, under Lome II, Sysmin covered only six products~~copper and cobalt,
phosphates, manganese, bauxite and alumina, tin, roasted iron pyrites and
iron ore. Consequently, very few countries benefited. These included Zambia
and Zaire (both for copper), Guyana (Bauxite), and Rwanda (tin).

"Tt was seen that too few countries were using the system," continued Mr
Dunkelsbuhler. ''Zimbabwe, for example, has a very important mining sector,

but none of its individual commodities made it eligible. Zambia, on the

other hand, relies much more on its mining sector, The negotiators have worked
hard to get improvements to the system which sce more to the needs of individu-
al countries like Zimbabwe."

108


The question also arises where Mr Harry Schwarz and the other moderates in
the PFP will find a new home. It will be difficult for them to join the NRP,
for personal feelings between those groups have been very strong for many
years.

These questions and other ones, such as the course the English-language press
will take for example, may be answered in the coming few months.

Disputes Over Defense Issues
Johannesburg RAPPORT in Afrikaans 25 Nov 84 p 14
{Editorial: "Alternatives"]

[Text] The annual disagreement within the PFP on matters of defense, and
the accompanying commentary as to the patriots and non-patriots in the party
seems unavoidable.

This year, however, there is ample reason to look beyond the the commonplace of
party politics. It is oversimplification to dismiss the PFP's opposition to
compulsory military service as a step which would be welcomed by the ANC

and the South African Communist Party.

It is also true that the PFP, in the best tradition of constructive opposition
politics, has put its alternative proposals-~amongst others a highly multira-
cial, professional Defense Force~-on the table.

Now it is justified to require that party to testify before the committee
investigating the functioning of the Defense Force and Krygkor [Arms Corpora~
tion]. If the PFP wants to espouse a cause, it should be able to withstand
the test of objective and realistic criteria.

On the other hand, one must also expect the committee and the government

to go beyond the political party hubbub and have a sound and objective look
at the PFP proposals, Too much is at stake not to carefully weigh the merits
of all proposals.

It should also be acknowledged that, right or wrong, there is a degree of
political controversy with respect to the Defense Force. There ought to
be appreciation for the idea that the Defense Force must be acceptable to
all racial groups in the country and for the mixed feelings regarding the
use of the Defense Force in riot situations in black neighborhoods,

South Africa could benefit from a sound reconsideration of the Defense Force
and its future role.

8700
CSO: 3401/65

78



JPRS~SSA-85-01:
20 February 19

ZAMBIA

STATISTICS DEMONSTRATE IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 13 Jan 85 p 5

[Excerpt] Maize: Total marketed maize production increased from 508.328
tonnes in 1982 to 630,622 tonnes in 1983, representing a 24.1 per cent in-
crease.

Tobacco: Virginia tobacco marketed figures went up from 1,861 tonnes in the
1981/82 season to 2,290 in the 1982/83 season. Burley tobacco on the other
hand declined from 704 tonnes in 1982 to 521 tonnes in 1983.

Sugar: Raw sugar production increased from 117,058 tonnes in 1981/82 season
to 132,000 tonnes in the 1982/83 season. Yield of cane sugar per hectare at
Nakambala Estates also increased from 102.6 tonnes in 1981/82 season to 112
tonnes in the 1982/83 season.

Groundnuts: Total crop production shot up from 810 tonnes in the 1981/82
season to: 987 tonnes in 1982/83 season.

Wheat: Wheat production dropped ftom 12,510 tonnes in the 1981/82 season
to 10,010 tonnes in the 1982/83 season.

Paddy rice: Paddy rice more than doubled from 2,826 tonnes in the 1981/82
season to 5,862 tonnes in the 1982/83 season.

Sunflower: Sunflower production sharply rose from 20,362 in the 1981/82
season to 31,400 tonnes in the 1982/83 season.

Beef: The total cattle population in the country grew from 1,951,863 in
1981/82 to 2,049.440 in 1982/83. Cattle slaughterings also went up from
105,000 in 1981/82 to 110,000 in 1982/83.

Poultry: The production of both birds and eggs increased sharply between

1982 and 1983. The number of meat birds shot up from 13 million in 1981/82

to 20 million in 1983. Exports of day-old chicks increased from 0.7 million
to 1,1 million in 1983.

CSO: 3400/470

104



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ISSUES TO BE DISCUSSED AT GKSA NATIONAL SYNOD
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Jan 85 p 4

[Text] POTCHEFSTROOM--The Gereformeerde Kerk in Suid-Afrika (CKSA) » which
started its National Synod--held every three years--this week in Potchef-
stroom, is the smallest in the Afrikaans reformed family of the churches.

It is also the only one of the three sister churches that is not exclusively
white.

The two other sister churches--the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk and the
Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk, who have about 1 694 000 and 246 000 white mem-
bers each--have separate churches for converts through mission work among
blacks,

The present National Synod of GKSA (also known as the “Doppers") is, however,
that of the white "branch" of the church. Membership totals about 128 000,
and this is about two thirds of the total church membership, the other third
being black.

Representing only 2,8 percent of the total white population of South Africa,
the GKSA might seem insignificant. But it is because of its theological
leadership in racial affairs that it cannot be dismissed, although there are
some qualifications to its multiracial make-up.

While officially denied, leadership and influence in the church is still very
much in the hands of the whites, and the synod at which all regional synods--
including black ones--meet is generally considered to be of less importance
than the present (white) National Synod.

The church is the religious home of several important public figures such as
the Minister of Home Affairs and National Education, Mr F W de Kler, who is
also the leader of the National Party in the Transvaal.

Equally important and influential is his brother, the editor of the only

Afrikaans Sunday newspaper, Rapport, Dr Willem de Klerk, who is a former
minister of the church,

89



The District Committee will be composed of a Chairman, who will be the mem-
ber for youth on the district Branch Committee, and four other members, all
members of the SPPF. The NYS District Committee will be composed of a chair-
man and four other members appointed by the Secretary~Ceneral of the SPPF.

The District Committees will bring young people together and promote among
them activities in line with the objectives of the Youth League and the
SPPF.

Three delegates of the Youth League will attend the National Congress of the
SPPF.

CSO; 3400/486

57



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

HOG-RAISING EXPERTS GRADUATED--Last Saturday, 22 elementary cadres specializ—
ing in hog-raising received the respective certificates for having performed
well at the conclusion of the 5-month course given at the Center for Training
Skilled Workers in Hog-Raising, at the facilities adjoining the INCOL enter-
prise in Maputo. The new cadres come from several sections of the country
and, during the training, studied mathematics, Portuguese, political education,
animal husbandry technology, reproduction and animal health. This center has
been operating since 1981, and nearly 225 individuals have already been trained
at it, all in elementary courses. During a conversation with our reporter,
Azael Munjovo, the center's director, said: "This is the seventh course since
the center has been operating. During this phase, our aim is to give the
workers in the livestock branch of industry elementary notions about hog-
raising; and there are prospects for expanding the courses to include basic
and intermediate instruction." All the center's instructors are natives, and
total five. The center has the capacity to lodge nearly 40 students as
boarders and the school can accommodate 60 students. This February, another
course will start. During the ceremony that was held, cultural performances
were put on by the students. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 Jan 85

p 2] 2909

CSO: 3442/153

53



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

LIBERIA

SIX NEW PARTIES TO BEGIN REGISTRATION PROCEDURE
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 20 Dec 84 pp 1, 10

[Text] The United People's Party, led by G. Baccus Matthews, will today pre-
sent financial requirements totalling approximately 150,000 dollars to the
Special Elections Conmission (SECOM) as a pre-requisite for preregistration
as a political party.

According to a source close to the leadership of the UPP, the presentation
of the requirements was originally slated for tomorrow, Friday, but SECOM
has asked for a change and the presentation ceremonies take place at 11:00
a.m, at SECOM headquarters this morning.

It will be recalled that shortly after the ban on political activities was
lifted in July, Mr. G. Baccus Matthews, leader of the defunct Progressive
People's Party (PPP), Liberia's only opposition party in the immediate pre-
coup era, became the first to announce the formation of a political party,
Mr. Matthews then said the UPP would attempt to incorporate former PPP mem~
bers, other progressive groups and liberal members of the defunct True Whit
Party.

But little has been heard from Mr. Matthews since that announcement, and the
delay in UPP meeting the first requirements for preregistration is attributed
to (according to one party source) the cumbersome financial requirements
stipulated by SECOM. .

Section 1d of the Guidelines for the Registration of Political Parties stipu-
lates that parties must deposit 50,000 dollars cash (to be held in escrow)
and sureties of 100,000 dollars to the Special Elections Commission.

Among other leaders of the UPP is Mr. J. Oscar Quiah, the Party's Secretary-
General. Mr. Quiah is a former Minister of Local Government in the PRC
Government and was also Secretary-General of the PPP.

Presently, only the National Democratic Party has completed all registration
requirements and it is the only full-fledged political party in the country.

wo others, the Unity Party of Dr. Edward Kesselly and the Liberia Action

Party led by Counsellor Tuan Wreh have met financial requirements and pre~
sented, their partisan lists to SECOM for publication and scrutiny.

15



efforts of the fruit-vegetable enterprise to ensure the removal of everything
produced in the fields still makes it possible to occasionally see some
cabbage there.

The director of the fruit-vegetable enterprise's management unit, Belmiro
Baptista, expressed the view that the volumes attained during this latest
campaign are the highest ever, since the creation, in 1977, of the enterprise
that was to give rise to the fruit-vegetable enterprise, in 1983.

Party Members Receive Cards

At the same meeting, eight members of the party cell at that enterprise
received their cards, after a brief speech by the head of the City Committee
which directed the revitalization process, that was later to culminate in
the creation of the party cell.

In his brief remarks, the head of the City Committee cited the importance of
the card, calling attention to the fact that it is not to be used improperly.
Noteworthy among the members receiving their cards was the director of the
fruit-vegetable enterprise, Cesar Zefanias Nuvunga.

OMM Secretariat

The first ceremony to be held was the one to give official status to the
local secretariat of the Organization of Mozambique Women, whose officials
were all accepted by acclamation by those present.

The head of the No 1 Urban District, who directed the ceremony, underscored
on that occasion the role of working women, noting that the production in
that enterprise should be dynamized by women, because one of the ways of
struggling for their total emancipation is being engaged.alongside men, in
the production and defense fronts, to raise productivity and defend their
own enterprise.

Emulation Awards

The distribution of awards to the best workers and to those engaged in the
tasks to mark 25 September of last year was the ceremony, filled with’ joy
and liveliness due to the enthusiasm it stimulated, marked the end of the
meeting which lasted over 2 and & hours.

There were 36 prize-winning workers, 11 of whom distinguished themselves in
production during the campaign now ending, and 25 in the tasks relating to
the 20th anniversary of the outbreak of the armed struggle for national
liberation,

Outstanding among those distinguished for their active participation in

production were Alexandre Pelembe and Albino Come, winning first and second
prizes, respectively; which merited them kitchen furniture and a bicycle.

44



the armed bandits during 1984 totaled over 13 million meticals, in funds.
For the same purpose, they gave more than 70 tons of various food products,
in addition to having financed a project to construct a health unit.

It should be noted that the Christian Council of Mozambique alone donated over
12 million meticals in funds. As for the products, 17 tons of peanuts, 14
tons of nhemba beans, 8 tons of mapira, 6.5 tons of powdered milk and oil,

as well as 8,000 hoes, 5,040 machetes and more than 2,000 axes were donated.

2909
CSO: 3442/153

48


JPRS-SSA-85~-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

OPPOSITION PARTY PROSPECTS DISCUSSED

Schisms in Progressive Camp
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 21 Nov 84 p 14
{Editorial: "Opposition Disturbances"]

[Text] The political party restructuring launched in South Africa by the

new constitutional dispensation is gradually becoming operative. The dis-
turbances in Colored and Indian ranks have not taken a clear form yet and

it might still take several years before the various lines of thinking become
clear in the various parties.

In white politics a greater fluidity has come about, which recently has become
noticeable through the entry of three New Republic Party members of parliament
into the National Party, and the division in the Progressive Federal Party
over matters such as the compulsory service and obedience to a law they dis-
agree with. These are symptoms of accelerated transgressing of old party
limits in various directions --a process which will not end soon because

new problems in a new system require new ideas.

A considerable number of NRP [New Republic Party] members apparently do not
accept that that party is at a dead end. And now it looks as if the fashion-
able left wing of the PFP [Progressive Federal Party] has come to the same
conclusion on its growth potential in white politics.

Therefore the true Progges [progressives] in the PFP don't care if in their
acceleration toward the left they lose the more moderate elements in the
party. As far as the old Progges are concerned, those elements are merely
appendices which came to the party as Refs [reformers] and Feds [federalists]
after the old United Party had its last convulsions.

Whatever may happen tomorrow at the caucus meeting of the PFP, a movement
is growing in that party which cannot be halted by conciliation and words
of comfort; the division is so profound that sooner or later it must lead
to an open break.

That opens up interesting possibilities, such as, for example, that of the
Conservative Party becoming the official opposition in the House of Assembly.

77



The Permanent secretary for Environment and Natural Resources, Mr Omolo
Opere, was fired for using Government machinery to construct his own house
in South Nyanza.

The President then appointed Mr James Kamunge, a former director of educa-
tion, as Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Environment and Natural Re-
sources.

Mr J. B. Omondi was promoted to become a Permanent Secretary in the Ministry
of Water Development.

Mr Kiti at the time moved from the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife of Culture
and Social Services.

The then director of External Trade Authority, Mr Simon Shitemi, was promoted
to become Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife.

CSO: 3400/484

10


JPRS~SSA-85-014
20 February 198

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

JAPANESE TRUCK DONATION-~The Japanese companies Sumitomo Corporation and
Toyota Corporation donated a Toyota brand truck to the workers at the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs in Maputo. The donation, the presentation ceremony for
which took place yesterday morning, is to be used especially for the collective
farming work of that ministry's Social Center. The presentation was made by
Takao Fujii, representative of Sumitomo Corporation in Maputo, who, in his
remarks, expressed the hope that the action would represent the expansion and
intensification of the cooperation that exists between the two countries,
cemented by the visit paid by the minister of foreign affairs, Joaquim Chisano,
to Japan in March of last year. In response, Daniel Mbanze, vice minister of
foreign affairs, said that it was with great pleasure that he received, on behalf
of the chief. of the ministry, the donation which "represents the greatest
evidence of the understanding of the problems that Mozambique is facing, and
especially the workers at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs." {Excerpt] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Jan 85 p 2] 2909

TOPOGRAPHERS, CARTOGRAPHERS GRADUATED--For the third time in consecutive years,
the Technical=Professional School of Geodesy and Cartography turned over to
production topographers and cartographers on the elementary level who were
trained there. This time, there were 68 graduates at the end of December who
were distributed among several provinces. A ceremony for the symbolic assign-
ment of the graduates took place a few days ago, headed by the Ministry of
Agriculture's human resources director, the ministry being the entity in
charge of the school. In addition to instructors, representatives from
institutions using the specialty of topography were also present at the
function. The courses have been held every year since the creation of the
school in 1981, and are based on an accelerated system. Of the 68 cadres now
graduated, 44 are topographers and. the other 24 cartographic draftsmen, to >be
assigned to production by the Provincial Agricultural Directorates. Before
going on to production, the graudates served an apprenticeship. The topo-
graphers made a planimetric survey in the Polana-Canica district for a project
of the Executive Council of the City of Maputo; and the draftsmen were engaged
in updating 16 aerophotogrammetric charts of the port of Pemba, for a project
of DINAGECA [National Directorate for Geography and Survey]. Both jobs were
considered perfect. The candidates for the courses are selected from all of
the country's provinces. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Jan 85 p 1]
2909

52



Importance of Black Recruitment in SADF Viewed
(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 16 Jan 85)..........6-. 75

Opposition Party Prospects Discussed
(Editorial; DIE VOLKSBLAD, 21 Nov 84; RAPPORT, 25 Nov 84).. 77

Schisms in Progressive Camp
Disputes Over Defense Issues

Botha-Buthelezi Talks Reported
(DIE VOLKSBLAD, 3 Dec 84)...cseccceecceccccccececereceesees 19

ANC Leaders on Terrorism, Future Plans
(Piet Muller; BEELD, 11 Dec 84)......ccccesececseeccceeeees 80

Machel's Image, Influence Described
(DIE VADERLAND, 28 Dec 84)..cececceccccceecccccccecersesess 83

Hendrickse Criticizes UDF, Boesak, Church Leaders
(DIE BURGER, 28 Dec 84).. sae eccececececesecesececs 85

Mgwali Applies to Supreme Court on Removal Issue
(Kin Bentley; EVENING POST, 8 Jan 85)c.sseeeececcecereeeees 86

Party Official Held in Ciskei
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 12 Jan 85).....eseeeeee ee eeeeeeceeccerees 88

Issues To Be Discussed at GKSA National Synod
(THE STAR, 12 Jan 85).ceccecceccccccceecreecescccssssessess 89

Fewer ANC Attacks Last Year
(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 17 Jan 85)........64- ow. OL

Racism in Literature Analyzed
(DIE BURGER, 19 Dec 84)..ccceecececceeececcecssscencees ween 92

English Language Papers Accused of Creating Bad Image for Country
(DIE BURGER, 20 Dec 84)...ccececcecccecceccecceccesceereees 94

Moderate Ideological Views Expressed by Students
(Barry Streek; CAPE TIMES, 11 Jan 85)....ceeseeeeeeeeeeeees 95

Danish Foreign Ministry Issues Report on Oil Transport Role
(Dan Axel; BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 24 Jan 85)..seceeeeceecessee 98

Briefs
Town Council Members To Resign 100
Control Panel for Ships 100
Whites in Black Neighborhood 100


JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EAST CAPE BLACK LOCAL COUNCILS CAUSE OF TOWNSHIP UNREST
Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 4 Jan 85 pp 1, 2
[Article by Kin Bentley and Raymond Hill]

[TLxt] Black local councils have given rise to as much township unrest in the
Eastern Cape as they have in the Vaal Triangle, Opposition MPs in the region
claimed today.

They were commenting on the Covernment~initiated survey which has laid the
source of unrest in the Vaal Triangle at the door of the black councils.

The mayors of Kayamnandi in Port Elizabeth and Kwanoduhle in Uitenhage have
defended their positions and discounted rumours of corruption in black local
government.

But the Mayor of Rini Town Council, Gramstown, Mr B B Zondani, said the pro-
testers "have a case" and agreed with PFP MPs that the only solution was to
give blacks a voice at national level.

Mr John Malcomess, PFP for Port Elizabeth Central, called on the Minister of
Co-operation, Development and Education, Dr Gerrit Viljoen, to release the
full report of a survey by Professor Tjaart van der Walt.

(Dr Viljoen said yesterday he accepted most of the recommendations made by
Prof Van der Walt. The full report was withheld, however, and Dr Viljoen
released only parts of it.)

The 970-page survey by Prof Van der Walt, Rector of Potchefstroom University,
has called for a judicial inquiry into rumours of corruption, self-enrichment
and maladministration in black local government.

Dr Viljoen said he favoured an inquiry, but a final decision about this could
not be taken till after police had completed investigations into a number of
cases of alleged corruption involving the councils.

The report also called for urgent attention to be given to improving commmni-
cations between residents, development boards and town councils.

69



JPRS-SSA-85-01
20 February 19

LIBERIA

STRICT CONTROL OVER FISHING URGED
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 18 Dec 84 p 3
[Editorial]

[Text] About a year ago we drew serious attention to the over~fishing being
carried on within the waters along the coastal shores of the countries of the
Mano River Union as well as those of the Economic Community of West African
States (ECOWAS). We pointed out at the time that a parallel situation of
disastrous consequences existed off the coast of Namibia.

Namibia, it was observed, once enjoyed a thriving fishing industry. ‘There
were more fish to be found in the ocean off the shores of this south west
African country than the then thirteen fishing industries operating in Namibia
could handle.

The area becamse a playground for fishing trawlers, including the Russians
and the Japanese. They disregarded the existing regulations in the area and
caught fishes of all sizes, in and out of season, Namibia was warned that
unless "strict controls" were imposed and enforced, the shores along the
south west coast of Africa would be transformed into "virtual underwater
desert."

Today, there are only four fish processing factories in Namibia. Wine had to
close down because there was not enough fish anymore to be processed. The
trawlers had fished everything out of the waters.

There is now an even more compelling reason why we find it necessary to re~
peat the warning and draw attention to the parallel. By encouraging more
and more fishing companies to establish base here, we could be aiding and
abetting this same disastrous situation which Namibia now finds herself
faced with.

In Liberia there are in operation more than eight fishing companies and it is
likely that there may be additional ones coming into the market to continue
the rampant exploitation of our marine life. Are we prepared for this?

The Liberian market is already saturated with fish absorbing about 30 to 40
tons of fish per day. In addition, we have our indigenous fishermen--the

24


REPORTER VIEWS BLACK AFFAIRS IN WESTERN CAPE

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 18 Dec 84 p 11

{First of three part series by Riaan de Villiers]

[Text ]

IS the final confronta-
tion between the govern-
ment and the squatter
“movement on the cards?
This question is occu-
pying many minds at the
end of a turbulent year
which saw further bitter
clashes in the 10-year-
old war on the Cape Flats
— and has brought pros-
pects of worse to come in
1985.

The year started off
with the new government
blueprint for controlling
the presence of blacks in
the Cape still firmly in
force.

Announced last year, it
centred around the con-
struction of a huge new
township for blacks on
the False Bay coast —
Khayelitsha.

The core of the plan
was simply to settle all
blacks with rights to be
in the Western Cape —
including all those in the
established townships of
Langa, Nyanga, and
Guguletu — in Khayelit-
sha and to repatriate all
“jHegal” blacks — who
may number 100 000— to
the homelands.

The squatter camps
would be cleared once
and for all and the Cape
sealed off against further
influx.

It was an Orwellian
blueprint, commonly de-
scribed as a vast forced

removal project for con-
centrating all legal
blacks in an easily-con-
trollable semi-urban

,homeland and dumping .

the rest back in the rural
areas.

Massive contracts
were dished out for
Khayelitsha and gover-
ment ministers repeat-
edly declared that Cross-
roads would be cleared
before the end of the
year.

However, like others
before it, the latest con-
trol strategy ground to a
halt in the face of reality.

Moratorium
Protests mounted

‘ against shelter demo-

lition raids aimed at
keeping the lid on the
squatter camps until
they could be cleared.
This led to the “Koorn-
hof moratorium” on shel-
ter demolitions, which
has triggered off the big-
gest expansion of the
Crossroads complex in
any given year.
Similarly, the govern-.
ment was forced to stop
action at KTC after eight
months of raids, arrests
and negotiations failed
to force a small squatter
group fleeing violence in
Crossroads to move a ki-
lometre back to the
Crossroads complex.
_ People kept on stream-
ing in from the home-

67

JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

lands and even top offi-
cials of the Western Cape
Development Board
eventually acknowl-

~ edged that influx control ,

was failing.

The plan to move the
established black com-
munities was slated
when it emerged that two
Khayelitshas would be

“fieédéd to house them,

let alone the legal squat-
ters.

Development of
Khayelitsha stalled as
well. It was designed asa
self-build scheme on the
pre-supposition that 99-
year leasehold would be
granted to residents.

However, Cape Nation-

alists continued to block :

leasehold in terms of
their traditional

, “coloured preference”

philosophy. They had
ironically failed to real-
ize that leasehold had
become functional for an
updated control strategy.

‘| By mid-year it was
‘clear the authorities

were getting nowhere
and would have to think
again.

Macro-politics also
changed. The new dis-
pensation was launched
and it emerged that con-
trol over black affairs
would be restructured.

Dr Piet Koornhof final-
ly bowed out, coming
close to acknowledging
that he had failed to



JPRS-SSA~85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. PROTEST MOVEMENT IN LIGHT OF GOVERNMENT POLICY
Johannesburg RAPPORT in Afrikaans 9 Dec 84 p 2
["Kortom" Column by Willem de Klerk: "An Answer to False Accusations"]

[Text] The feature article of RAPPORT on this page gives our standpoint
on the increased attack in the United States against South Africa.

For my part, I now want to answer the ticklish questions currently doing

the rounds in the United States. No, I'm not speaking on behalf of the
government. I do, however, speak on behalf of a significant group of South
Africans--white, Colored and black. x

Probably a great number of National Party politicians will also agree with
my views.

Policy

1. The government is not just treading water with black political rights.

The reform agenda has as its first priorities matters such as: South African
citizenship for blacks; the establishment of black municipalities and the
expansion of their authority; the right of property ownership; removal

of discrimination; representation of blacks in the country's decisionmaking
procedures at the regional and national level; the development of a politi-
cal model which extends the democracy to all the inhabitants of South Africa. -

2. The stated policy and methods of the government are to try and get, by
means of consultation, deliberation and negotiation with a broad range of
black leaders, joint concensus on objectives, methods, priorities and short-
term actions in order to remove points of conflict and to jointly draw up

a reform agenda,

The cabinet committee appointed for that purpose is, however, experiencing
organized resistance by black organizations which do not want to enter into
the discussion.

The cabinet committee has, however, conducted some successful discussions.

It is clear that another method must be followed.

60


JPRS-SSA-85-01
20 February 19

LIBERIA

LINSU SEEKS REPEAL OF DECREE 88A
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 19 Dec 84 p 1

[TXxt] The Liberia National Students Union (LINSU), has called on government
to abrogate Decree 88A in order "to encourage free participation in the polit-
ical process."

Decree 88A, promulgated on July 21, 1984 by the People's Redemption Council
seeks to "protect the public against the spread of rumours, lies and disin~
formation." It empowers the security forces to arrest and detain any person
who violates it, without bail pending a judicial hearing.

The call for the abrogation of 88A was contained in a position statement
issued yesterday by LINSU as a result of recent arrests of three of its of-
ficials by security forces.

Those arrested and detained were Mr. Ezekiel Pajibo, acting president of the
Union and Messrs Christian G. Herbert and Wuo G. Tappia. It is alleged that
the arrest of the three LINSU members was predicated upon government's sus-
picion that they are connected with a group calling itself "The Revolut-onary
Action Committee" which circulates the anonymous publication "REACT". The
three are still being held in custody.

Meanwhile, LINSU has called on government to formally charge the detainees
with a view to giving them a speedy and fair trial before a civil court of
competent jurisdiction.

They have also called for the release of all the LINSU officials for their
alleged involvement with an anonymous publication, and have also called for
a halt to the “arbitrary arrest of students" in the country.

Addressing itself to the issue of Decree 88A, LINSU indicated that the abroga-
tion of the decree would also help erase "the fear generated by the cling to
the said decree which contains the seed that has germinated into unlawful ap-
proaches."

They further added that Decree 88A, in essence, has also imposed press censor-
ship, restrictions on free expression, and armed the government against its
opposition with a defensive barrier reminiscent of the "ugly emergency power
enjoyed by past regimes."

17



Mussa added: "In Beira, I intend to contact the Bank of Mozambique to find
out if it is possible to overcome this situation."

When asked about the transportation problem, that merchant claimed that it
has been solved, "because I have in my possession private cars which facilitate
my work for me."

According to the subject of our interview, the time of major difficulties was
when the other merchants were mobilized to resume activities in the district.

Concurrently, he was happy to have delivered the products "at a time when the
military situation in the localities of Muxungue, Tronga and Gorongosa was
"hot."

In this conversation of ours, Mussa revealed that he has already been trained,
and has a uniform and a weapon, "so that I can feel safe while marching in
the military colum."

New Distributor for Muxungue

Omar Abdul Karimo Azamo was recently sworn in as distributor for the locality
of Muxungue, in Chibabava, thereby replacing Mussa Kara, whose activities have
been confined to Goonda and Tronga, in that same district.

Upon introducing the new distributor, Mussa called upon him to concern himself
with the situation of the population recovered from the armed bandits, and
thanked the population and the political structures for the assistance rendered
for the success of the work that was performed.

Then the outgoing distributor presented a donation consisting of four boxes of
hoes, two of machetes and one of axes, as a gesture of support for those:
who had been recovered.

The party's secretary in the locality, Mateus Manaque, for his part, praised the
work accomplished by that merchant, expressing optimism regarding his successor.

In speaking at the ceremony, Omar Azamo pledged to follow the example of his
counterpart, in close cooperation with the local structures and the population
as a whole.

When contacted by our reporter, Omar stressed that one can go about freely in
the district of Chibabava at present, "because the security conditions are
guaranteed."

Assistance for Those Recovered From the Bandits

Although supplies are almost guaranteed in the district of Chibabava, those

recovered from the armed bandits, during the first phase, have no financial
possibility of purchasing products in the shops.

34


JPRS~SSA-85-014
20 February 198:

NAMIBIA

PROSPECTS OF ROESSING URANIUM MINE
Johannesburg SAKF-RAPPORT in Afrikaans 9 Dec 84 p 2
[Report by Johan Strydom, Windhoek: "Uranium May Have Tough Time until 1990"]

[Text] The world's largest uranium mine, Roessing, in the Namib area of

the Southwest, is expected to experience a difficult period until 1988, per-
haps until 1990. Many mines with high costs, such as those in the United
States, are being strangled because there is now a large, worldwide, uranium
surplus and operating costs always increase sharply in a deteriorating econo-
mic climate.

The managing director of Roessing, Mr Colin Macaulay, said in an interview
with SAKE-RAPPORT that Roessing's long-term contracts and relatively low
operating costs in its open mine process give it a reasonable breathing
space. Even so, Roessing is actively looking into other mining possibilities.

"So far we have not found anything that is viable, but our prospecting is
continuing at full speed. We want to broaden the base of Roessing's mining,"
said Mr Macaulay.

He talked with SAKE-RAPPORT after a board meeting of Roessing this week in
Windhoek. With him was Mr Peter Daniel, managing director of a British
uranium marketing company, Minserve, and a director of Roessing.

Pressure Group

Mr Daniel believes that the very low open market price for uranium might
still decrease in the coming year. It now stands at a little over 15 dollars
per pound, which is approximately one third of the 1978 price.

"We will have to work very hard to break even," Mr Macaulay said.

Like other large companies, Roessing will not appoint new personnel for some
time. He sees this as a streamlining to counter the difficult years with
greater mechanization of the company.

Part of the growing problems of the uranium company is the attempt of pressure
groups to discourage the use of nuclear energy. Roessing says it often gets
considerable unqualified criticism of its uranium mine-~such as the charge
that the health of mineworkers is being abused and that uranium pollution
causes damage to the ecology in the Namib. A full-time research program

in the mine can counter that now with hard facts, Mr Macavlay says.

8700 54
CSO: 3401/65


In the past, junior staff had always contended that the delay in the payment
of salary cheques within the corporation had been due to senior staff being
the first to receive their salaries.

But. Mr. Teah refuted the allegation, saying, "it is false." Me said the
corporation had always sought the interest of lower bracket employees by pay-
ing them first. "In fact, they are the first to receive their salary cheques
before the senior staff members," he said.

He has, meanwhile, warned that strict administrative measures would be taken
against any employees who would bring about riot in demand for salary cheques.

Mr. Teah said LWCS is a purely government-owned establishment, and that de-
mands from employees through violence would not be condoned by the corpora~
tion's management.

The warning by the Deputy Managing Director coincided with yesterday's inci-

dent at the corporation's headquarters, where employees were said to have
stormed Mr. Teah's office demanding their pay.

CSO; 3400/481

20



Mr Soga trained in Scotland where he married Janet Burnside, a teacher. On
their return, they went about converting the community to Christianity, giv-
ing them agricultural training and establishing some of the first facilities
for black education in South Africa.

The huge Mgwali Institution, build in 1853, today stands empty: a hollow
shell which, says Mr Gija, was a leading place of learning when the community
was sure of its future. Farming had also been disrupted by the threat of re-
moval, he said.

The people had been accustomed to a church-based authority, together with the
secular authority of the Stutterheim magistrate, for more than 100 years,
until Ciskei was recently given control over the area through Chieftainess
Nolizwe. "And she doesn't even live at Mgwali", he added.

Mr Gija said the last elected headman, Mr Zolile Fetsha, resigned because he
was no longer allowed to conduct the administration through the Stutterheim
magisterial authority, but had to deal with the Zwelitsha-based authority of
Ciskei.

He said most of those in favour of removal had no vested interest in remaining
at Mgwali, many being squatters. Following a visit by an MRA delegation to
the Stutterheim magistrate, alleged illegal allocation of land to squatters

by the tribal authorities had ceased.

The question of who administers Mgwali was the immediate problem of the com-
munity, but the ever-present threat of removal will remain, Mr Gija said,
until the Government finally scraps the idea of resettling them at Frankfort
and allows him to live in peace.

He said those squatters, teachers and civil servants in favour of moving to
Frankfort should do so, but the traditional inhabitants of Mgwali would
rather die than leave their historical homeland.

CSO: 3400/474

87



problems; unlike the colonial methods that existed in the enterprise during
the time of the British.

"We want to include the enterprise's management in the rank and file struc-
tures, taking into account the political factor of organizing and mobilizing
the masses." The worker is not a horse, and needs to be organized, remarked
the SSE's general director.

With respect to the decolonization problem, that Central Committee member
claimed: "Our consciousness is what must determine the material conditions
in directing the enterprise's destiny.

"And the example lies in establishing the work force. To stabilize this work
force we must be familiar with the problems existing in the countryside."

Bad Equipment Will Be Removed From the Houses

Bad equipment will be removed from the houses which are part of the assets
of the Sena Sugar Estates enterprise, a production unit in Marromeu.

The measure was recently adopted by the workers at that sugar producing
complex, aimed at policing the use of the buildings, in view of the
situation currently being experienced at the enterprise.

Recently, Sena Sugar has been faced with the bad conditions in the preserva-
tion and maintenance of its houses, in addition to the problems associated
with a meager construction capacity.

The illegal occupations that have also occurred in the enterprise's houses
will be held accountable, in terms of stringent measures for those involved.

The tenants who accumulate rubbish in the properties, among other irregulari-
ties, will also be evicted; because this is a situation .that has been brought
up on several occasions.

Concurrently with this program, the general director of the enterprise will
detail brigades consisting of members of the APIE [Administration of State
Lands and Property] and SSE's political entities, together with the population,
to undertake an explanation of the need for civil education regarding the
cleaning of the environment and rules for correct use of the state's furnish-
ings.

Long Evenings of Socializing Return

The long evenings of socializing among the sugar workers of Marromeu have
resumed this year, with the promotion of concerts, dances, bazaars, fairs
and talks as a family, on weekends, to the sound of "Xirico" radios, record
players, marimbas and musical ensembles.

It is usually on Saturdays and Sundays that the workers hold musical and dance
socials, in addition to the friendly visits to residences, hospitals, jails,

41



There was probing discussion about the national states as a political reality
which could not be put aside merely with rhetoric. There was also a clear
eagerness to hear about the current thoughts on that in government circles.

It is clear that the ideas of democratic regional governments are not unaccep-
table to the ANC,

There is great firmness with respect to the civil service: South Africa

is "over-governed" and the civil service must be curbed. One gets the impres-
sion that a fruitful discussion could be held on decentralization and devolu-
tion of authorities to local government bodies.

The only condition stipulated by them is that "federalism must not legalize
inequality."

They are, for example, in favor of each group protecting its own language
and culture in its own system of education, but they also expect that educa-
tion not to justify inequality, but rather to cultivate a common South
Africanisn,

The one issue on which the National Party and the ANC might exchange hard
words, and which could throw a scare into South African businessmen, is the
economy. Just as the National Party believed just a few decades ago, the
ANC also believes that the state should exercise control over the economy
and that it especially should strike at monopolies.

For that matter, the economic policy of the ANC shows a remarkable similarity
to the standpoint of the HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party] and the AWB [Afrika-
ner Resistance Movement]. When that was pointed out to them, it was cause
for rejoicing!

One might sum up their standpoint as follows: The South African economy
is dominated by about seven companies, and therefore the state ought to have
a say in what they do and decide.

Monopolies must be disbanded and companies should, for example, not be allow-
ed to invest their profits abroad, but they should plough them back in the
form of additional investments in South Africa. This applies especially

to mines and banks. :

It is not clear exactly how the state should control the economy. It looks
as if they prefer the Zambian model in which the state is the majority share
holder of large companies, but in which the management remains in the hands
of businessmen,

(Read more about, amongst other things, the ANC's assurance that "no terrorism

will be committed against white schools" and about why the organization is
at loggerheads with Captain Gatsha Buthelezi of KwaZulu-ed.)

8700
cso: 3401/64

82



JPRS-SSA-~85-014
20 February 1985

SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

TOURISM OBJECTIVES FOR 1985--As one of the most important sectors of the
economy, tourism generated about half the Gross Domestic Product and 70 percent
of the country's total foreign exchange earnings in 1983. It accounts for 15
percent of formal employment and a much higher percentage of secondary em-
ployment. Over a third of Government revenue in 1983 came directly from tour~
ism, with very substantial secondary taxation benefits. “The Government be-
lieves that the only way to sustain recovery, to guarantee growth within the
industry, to maximize visitor revenues and to secure maximum value added to
the economy, is by adopting a strict policy of value for money," the Develop-
ment Plan says. The industry's objectives are 100,000 visitors and 4,370

beds by 1988. The number of tourists in Seychelles on any one day will not
exceed 4,000 or less than five percent of the country's population. Over the
next five years, R345.2 million will be spent on rehabilitating and renovating
existing tourist establishments, veloping such support facilities as a craft
village, watersports, a national aquarium and historical sites and walks.
[Excerpts] [Victoria NATION in English 12 Jan 85 pp 1, 2]

CSO: 3400/486

59



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MACHEL'S IMAGE, INFLUENCE DESCRIBED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 28 Dec 84 p 8
[Article: "Machel's Charisma Opens Doors" ]

[Text] The important role played by President Samora Machel of Mozambique
in South Africa's foreign relations makes it rather incomprehensible that hé
is still such an unknown figure.

In the most recent newsletter of the South Africa Foundation, more light is
shed on the disposition of this man.

According to all that is heard, he is a relatively talkative person with a
buoyant disposition. And he knows the proverbial art of “making friends and
influencing people."

According to reports, Machel got in touch with people such as Prime Minister
Mario Soares of Portugal and Bettino Craxi of Italy before President P. W.
Botha's visit to Europe earlier this year. He allegedly asked them to receive
the then South African prime minister cordially.

Thanks to historical ties with Portugal and more recent ties forged with Italy,
Machel has good friends in those countries.

These friendships have for a time been overshadowed by the friendly overtures
towards Moscow, which awarded the Lenin Peace Prize to President Machel in 1977.

More recently, however, Machel declared that Mrs Thatcher is the political
leader whom he most admires.

It was also President Machel's friendship with Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe which
persuaded the latter not to drive away whites who could help keep the country
going.

President Machel's captivating nature is perhaps in part to be attributed to
his ethnic origin--he is a Shangaan.

83



However, an authoritative source admitted that some pilots did "threaten a
work stoppage" for their salary arears yesterday morning. But the source
disagreed that most of those involved have not been paid for the past two
months as claimed.

According to the source, most of them had been paid for October and only
have their November salary checks outstanding. Only six pilots had not been
paid for October, the source said, and they would be paid today.

The source noted that the pilots have for the past few days been sending
memoranda to management but the memos have not gone through the proper
channel because of the absence from the country of the Deputy Managing Direc~
tor for Operations, Captain Johnny Weefur, who is responsible to handle such
matters,

Because of this, the source indicated, the memos did not even reach the
Managing Director for his consideration.

Asked yesterday about the overall financial status of Air Liberia, one of-
ficial source who preferred not to be named stated that the airline is going
through financial difficulties, but pointed out that the situation is not
peculiar to Air Liberia, but is being faced by most "domestic airlines in the
developing world."

The same source sdid that the answer to Air Liberia's problem was Government
subsidy but then immediately pointed to government's own financial situation
as preventing any meaningful subsidy from being made available to Air Liberia,

It will be recalled that in an interview with the Daily Observer published
November 6, 1984, the Director-General of the Bureau of State Enterprises,

Mr, Emmanuel Akinsulere, described Air Liberia as one of three public corpor-
ations ‘facing serious financial difficulties" requiring immediate attention.
The other two names were the Liberia Water and Sewer Corporation and the Liberia
Coffee and Cocoa Corporation.

CSO: 3400/480

28



At times, the method of action is almost shocking, heretical; perhaps this is
one of those situations in which the ends justify nearly all means.

The Thefts and the Hunger

Nevertheless, even now, the average number of thefts from a grain shipment
fluctuates between 15 and 20 percent of the total. Last year, the amount of
compensation paid for insurance based on goods declared stolen totaled $4.8
million.

On the border strip near the port, hundreds of women are roaming or waiting
beside the sea. The director comments: "They are all receiving goods stolen
from the port.”

The solution lies in feeding, providing housing and guaranteeing medical care
for the port's nearly 5,000 workers, 80 percent of whom are dislocated peasants.

After 3 years of heading the enterprise, Antonio Agante has the feeling of ©
having almost won the battle into which he set forth. "I want 3 more years
to build 3,000 houses, a supermarket, cafeterias and a hospital; only then
shall I have actually won it."

To carry out these projects, which might seem megalomaniacal, it would not

be the different. sectors of the enterprise now engaged in their materializa—
tion; the port director procured the go-ahead on a higher level. It might

not have been. very easy, but the intention was understood and quickly accepted.

He had to argue, rightfully, with the fact that the present situation is
conducive to the development of corruption and to making the workers permeable
to the counterrevolution; he had to explain that only in this way would the
thefts be ended, absenteeism reduced and foreign exchange saved for the
country.

The authorization appeared within a few months and (despite the obstacles
created by the temple guardians who suspected the formation of elite groups
of workers), the port of Luanda will be able to make direct imports of food-
stuffs for its personnel, to create supermarkets and cafeterias, etc.

But its management is not waiting for the Ministry of Construction or any
other "structure" to come and push for the project. The machinery is already
in motion, the port workers have gone to work and the cafeterias are now
under construction.

Later, to put everything in order and also to put an end to the thefts, the
port police will arrive. The 400 men who will comprise them already have
their barracks virtually ready in the port's perimeter; the mattresses and
other equipment are already there; the desks for the school in which they
will receive their basic training for 6 months are only awaiting distribution
in the classrooms...."A year from now, everything will be in operation,"
concludes Antonio Agante.


JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

VEGETABLE-FRUIT ENTERPRISE OVERFULFILLS PRODUCTION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 Jan 85 p 2

[Excerpt] During the campaign now ending, the fruit-vegetable enterprise of
the city of Maputo marketed over 12,000 tons of various vegetables, a figure
2,000 tons in excess of the amount of products marketed in the same campaign
period of 1983, according to a disclosure made by the respective director,
Cesar Nuvunga, during an evaluation meeting held last Saturday, which also
served for distributing cards to party members, making the OMM [Organization
of Mozambique Women] Secretariat official and awarding prizes for Socialist
Emulation.

The marketing of the total of 12,860 tons of various fruits and vegetables,
particularly vegetables, was made possible by an effort expended by the workers
at the enterprise and the total backing which this state unit received from
many other enterprises that, in addition to making vehicles available for the
transportation of the products, placed at the fruit-vegetable enterprise's
disposal both drivers and other men to help in various operations involving
loading, unloading and selling.

According to Cesar Nuvunga, this effort which, at a certain point,caused human
lives to be sacrificed and vehicles to be destroyed, was agreed upon "so that
the products might reach all the city's consumers at fair, legally defined
prices"; in an activity that is associated with the plans established by the
party's Fourth Congress, for expending all efforts and means within reach to
combat famine.

The director of the fruit-vegetable enterprise stressed that the work to
remove the products from the provinces of Gaza and Maputo to the city was not
so easy as might erroneously be thought, owing to the enemy action which had
an effect on the production centers and roads, doing everything to make the
production decline and the removal not to take place in safety.

In fact, the effort made by the enterprise allowed the city of Maputo to be
provided with vegetables, particularly kale and cabbage, in quantities which,
at times, exceeded the requirements, causing spoilage, in certain markets, of
those kinds of vegetables. Although the vegetable season has elapsed, the

43



the cost of efficiency “lie .in the sin of false facts." The remark is
based on rather concrete realities that. are sometimes reflected in laws
"which are not in keeping with Angola's economic reality."

In accordance with those laws, the goods sometimes remain immobilized and end

up not reaching their destination, or arriving in a deteriorated condition.

To some extent, the difficulty lies in the fact that customs operate according
to European models, despite the fact that the Angolan situation is different.

In Europe they are a sérvicewherein the state is seeking revenue, "but in the

RPA the major importer is the state; the situation is different."

This is why, with regulations and working methods which are from Europe and
not Angola, it is necessary to commit violations and for the rather wry
admission to be made: "I am the one who is the criminal...some day they will
declare 4 February illegal."

"But what is the truth? And the law? And ethics?" he wonders, with the answer
already on his lips: "All this is the result of a certain correlation of forces
at a given time."

Understanding on a High Level

Yet the man facing us is not working for money. Many people acknowledge the
fact that his "philosophy" is based on the country's requirements and real
situation. Antonio Agante does not deny this: "There is understanding on the
highest level." According to the majority of those who know him, he even has
the personal backing of President Jose Eduardo dos Santos. In any event, and
wtih regard to his maneuvering room, he summarizes it by saying: "If I don't
have protection, I contrive it. The worst thing is thatthe ‘protection’ is
of no use in solving everything." Sometimes matters are as serious as this:
"The goods arrive in the port, and promptly. As long as they are here, the
heads of the ministries that have imported them hang up the receiver...."

And then, what should be done? Antonio Agante has his opinion: "There must be
a change in the way people think." For example: "Customs must be placed in
the service of Angola, and not just that of the Ministry of Finance." And
there must be control: "I am opposed to disorder."

With regard to control and disorder, the situation is not easy either. For a
long time, thefts have been a scourge for the port of Luanda. The situation
has improved, but it is unsolvable by its very nature, "so long as the workers
have nothing to eat." The general director admits: "Sometimes the situation
of the port workers is one of either stealing or dying.”

The problem is as simple as this: "The milk passes before their eyes, and at
home they have hungry children." But Mr Antonio Agante is one thing, and
the port director is something else. The subject of our interview remarks:
"The first thing is not always in accordance with the latter."

The methods of the port director and his armed security force must, in fact,
ignore the reasons for the offenses. The country's economy cannot be halted.



This year, in view of the effort undertaken by the Mozambican Army, the region
is "disinfected" from the enemy's presence, showing good prospects for this
campaign.

Troops from the Armed Forces, alongside the militiamen, are bent on guarantee—
ing the success that is in view. The same forces are directly involved in
picking nuts.

According to official sources, for days the various items designed to spur on
the campaign for the marketing of cashew nuts have been arriving from Beira
to that area.

Bandits No Longer Approach

We were recently told by high-ranking military officials in Chibabava that the
armed bandits. no longer approach National Highway No 1, in the section between
Beira and Rio Save.

To confirm the truth of this claim, a team of reporters from our newspaper
traveled along the aforementioned road in a vehicle, and no incident occurred.

Those whom we interviewed added that, among many individuals, particularly
i the city, there is still suspicion .. and fear about traversing that road
freely. "But soon they will be convinced that there is no danger, because
we have started a major operation to expel the enemy from the area."

Actually, it is important to note once again that the regular supply to the
Chibabava population is due to thisheroic action, in which not only the
military, but also merchants and drivers, among others, are involved together.

Shortage of Products Minimized in Goonda

"We benefited from loans from Mussa, here in Goonda, Muxungue and Tronga, to
resume the activities, after the plundering perpetrated by the armed bandits,"
commented Alberto Meno (Cinzano), when contacted by our reporter.

Alberto Meno stressed that, with this aid, he had managed to open a combination
restaurant and bar called "Nkomati Agreement," which went into operation

starting on the very day of that historic event.

Alberto Meno added: "I hope to return to 'Casa Nova’ where I worked before,
now that the armed bandits have been expelled from there."

It Is a Relief
"The supply activity has relieved us from the famine, despite the drought that
ravaged this area," claimed Muguta Musamana, a peasant residing in the Fidel

Castro Communal Village in Goonda.

Commenting on the merchants from that locality of Chibabava, Muguta said that,
when they make the survey of the storage-keeper's goods, they immediately

37



Last week, the Liberian People's Party, led by Dr. Amos Sawyer, presented
two checks totalling 150,000 dollars to SECOM as preregistration require-
ments,

With the United People's Party now entering the registration procedure, ob-
servers here believe that the political race will become more fascinating
in the new year.

Meanwhile, there are six other announced prospective parties which still have
to meet their first preregistration requirements. These include the National
Integration Party (NIP), led by E. Sumo Jones; the Convention Democratic
Party led by E, Wade Appleton; the Liberia Unification Party (LUP) of Mr.
Gabriel Kpolleh; the First-Allied Integrated Republican (FAIR) Party of Mr.
Edwin Dunbar; the Republican Party led by Jiba Mu; and the People's Liber-
ation Party (PLP) led by Mrs. Hawa Danquah. But Dunbar and Jiba Mu have

not been heard from publicly since they made their first announcement in
August.

cso; 3400/480

16


JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

KENYA

BRIEFS

COUP PARTICIPANTS' SENTENCES ADJUSTED--~The High Court yesterday allowed an
appeal by a jail ex~senior sergeant of the disbanded Kenya Air Force. His
sentence was reduced to an extent that he was released yesterday morning.

Mr Justice William Mbaya, in ordering ex-Snr Sgt Arthur Kiruku Kagai, 39, to
be set free said the High Court had put into consideration his age and his
participation during the coup attempt. The court also reduced sentences on
seven other appeals and dismissed one appeal. Patrick Kamau Nganga, repre-
sented by a Mr Nicholas Rabala had his sentence reduced to four years. He
had originally been jailed for 20. Private James Kaingu Charo, represented by
Mr Andrew Hayanga, had his sentence reduced to six from the original 12 years
imposed by the court martial. Ex-Sgt Wafula Frederick Obetele will now serve
four years. We had originally been jailed for 15 years later reviewed to eight
years, while William Murango Njuguna originally jailed for 12 years will now
serve six years. [Ex-Cpl Stephen Maloba Vodembeke had the High Court reduce
his sentence to six years. The original sentence imposed on him was 17 years.
Ex-Snr Pte Simon Kiprop Boor had his sentence reduced by four years. He will
now serve 14 years instead of the original 18 years. The court also reduced
the sentence imposed on ex-Sgt Dismas Cammilus Sifunah from 18 years to 13
years. An appeal by ex-Snt Pte Simon Nzuma Kieki was dismissed. Ue is serv~-
ing seven years in jail. [Excerpts] [Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 12 Jan
85 p 5]

COFFEE INDUSTRY SACS---The coffee industry in Meru district may collapse soon
unless the authorities offer better incentives to coffee farmers. A Kenya
Times survey has revealed that a muntiplicity of factors are undermining the
confidence of the coffee farmers. Among them are: Poor returns the farmers
are getting after many months of toil; interplanting of coffee with other
crops, the effects of the Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) and the high prices

tea growers carn from Kenya Tea Development Authority (KTDA) in comparison
with coffee growers. Farmers interviewed in Meru complained that what they
are paid from coffee cannot justify their labour and costs. [Excerpt]
[Article by Zack M'Mugambi] [Nairobi KENYAN TIMES in English 12 Jan 85 p 10]

1



ZAMBIA

Call for Cobalt Cartel .
(Editorial; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 11 Jan 85)..ssseseeeeeeeeeee

TAZARA Makes Operational Changes To Ease Economic Crunch
(SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 13 Jan 85)..ssseessscevcseeveees

Statistics Demonstrate Improved Agricultural Production
(SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 13 Jan 85).csceeeceesecscccvoees

Arab Bank To Help Finance New Road Link
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 14 Jan 85) .cesseesccecscscccccceeeees

Poor Trade Union Communications Encourages Plague of Strikes
(Editorial; ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 16 Jan 85)..ssssseeeeceeee

ZIMBABWE

Mining Industry Now Eligible for EEC Aid
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 4 Jan 85) ..ceescececececeeeceeees

Midlands Governor Warns Churches on Support of Dissidents
(THE CHRONICLE, 8 Jan 85)..cceeceeececececccccceeeeceecees

101

102

104

105

106

108

110



If the labour leaders sincerely believe in the principle of collective bargain-
ing, then they should educate their members on this important policy which
the government reintroduced last year,

However, there appears to be a lack of communication between the workers and
union leaders on this matter. For example, the striking workers at Kitwe
Central Hospital agreed to resume work today only after a meeting with the
chairman of the Civil Servants Union of Zambia, Mr. Joseph Jalasi.

This means that: the union leaders have not been telling workers on the progress
of talks between them and the government. If the local leadership of csuz

had constantly been informing their members that talks were still going on,
there perhaps would have been no wildcat strike on Monday.

The labour leaders should understand that the Party and its government has
allowed trade unions in Zambia because it wants industrial harmony. The
labour leaders should therefore ensure that there is industrial harmony by

telling the workers to be patient. They should not cunningly condone wildcat
strikes.

CSO; 3400/473



CSO:

3400/478

60,000 Mozambicans and 40,000
Zimbabweans working in South Africa.

The Front Line states have crumbled
under South Africa’s blows. In May
Mozambique signed a peace treaty, the
much publicised Inkomati Accord.
Robert Mugabe promised not to allow
ANC bases on Zimbabwe's territory after
independence in 1980. Leabua Jonathan
of Lesotho expelled 100 ANC members in
1982 after the Maseru raid. Swaziland
continues to expel or detain ANC
activists. Quert Masire of Botswana has
confined all South African exiles to
Dukwe Refugee Camp, deep in the
Botswana forests and promised not to
support ANC, Angola is still engaged in
talks, held twice in Cape Verde Islands,
with South Africa. It hopes to rid itself of
South African backing for Unita.

Botha’s aim is to bring about a southern
African “Constellation of States” with
South Africa at its centre. In addition to
the 10 “homelands,” 9 southern African
states are destined to become unwilling (if
not willing) economic and political
partners in Botha’s plans. Already
Swaziland has been promised Ingwavuma
‘as a reward for good neighbourliness. One
million Zulus will be affected by this
transfer of 3,000 square miles of land.
Swaziland will cease to be land locked.

66



JPRS-SSA~85-014
20 February 1985

LIBERIA

ITALIAN LOGGING COMPANY OPERATING ILLEGALLY
Forest Operations

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 17 Dec 84 pp 1, 4

{Text] A questionable arrangement under which an Italian logging company is
presently operating an area of 407,100 acres of Nimba County without a Con~
cession Agreement has been unearthed.

The company, Italian Timber Corporation (ITC), was reportedly issued a "per-
mit" under peculiar arrangements by the Forestry Development Authority (FDA)
in contravent~on of existing regulations on forest exploitation.

According to reliable official sources, the exploitation of any forest area
over 100,000 acres can only be done through a concession agreement. But it
appears that ITC has not obtained such an agreement, and yet is involved in
the export of timber acquired from a Nimba forest area.

An investigation into the matter conducted by the Daily Observer has revealed
that in July 1983, the FDA forwarded to the National Investment Commission
(NIC) an application which it had received from the Nimba Logging Company, a
Liberian-managed company, for the revitalization of the concession area pre-
viously granted another company, Nimbaco, which had earlier folded up its op-
erations following the cancellation of its timber concession agreement as

a result of court decree.

The investigation shows that in August 1983, the Nimba Logging Company for-
warded a letter to the National Investment Commission expressing its intention
of negotiating a timber concession agreement for the area previously operated
by Nimbaco.

Nimba Logging Company was informed by NIC that negotiations could not begin
without the submission of a feasibility study, and approval of the NIC Secre-
tariat's evaluation report by the Commission. Nimba Logging Company was
therefore requested to submit the required study.

On September 22, 1983, a letter from FDA was written to NIC informing the
Commission of the cancellation of the NIMBACO Concession and expressing the
need to protect the Liberian Bank for Development and Investment's (LBDI)
investment in the Nimbaco sawmill,

21



GOVERNMENT DECREES NEW POLICY IN MINERALS TRADING

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 17 Jan 85 p 5

{Article by Neil Behrmann]

[Text ]

cso:

. marketing

LONDON. — A change in the
minerals policy of the West
African state of Guinea could

‘increase world gem supplies

and affect De Beers’ market-
ing arrangements with Afri-
can diamond-producing na-
tions.

Guinea’s President Lansana
Conte has decreed that mining and
exploration of diamonds should be a
font venture between the govern-
ment and international companies.

- The Guinean government has
banned local diamond enterprises
because it wants to contain illicit
mining operations and smu; .

The presidential decree ee
crease potential reserves of dia-
mond mine, Aredor Guinee, jointly
controlled by the Guinean govern-

ment and an Australian company, |

Bridge Oil.

The diamonds will be jointly sold
by the Guinean government and a
London firm, Industrial Diamond
Company.

Mr Jack Lunzer, managing direc-
tor, said the joint production and
ent had “impli-
cations for the international dia-
mond mining industry”.

He added: “For the first time a
diamond mining producer has a

- 50% partnership wlth outside inter-

‘ests, right down the line from pro-

duction to marketing.

De Beers’ London-based market-
ing arm, the Central $el it Organi
sation, arranges jamont
from countries such as ‘Botswana on
a quota basis and then sells the
diamonds independently.

Nations under De Beers’ market-
ing unbrella have agreed to cut pro-

3400/478

duction to help ‘maintain the Cen-
tral Selling Organisation’s prices
and to support the international dia-
mond market.

Dealers estimate, for example,
that the organisation . buys only
a third of Botswana’s output. De
Beers declines to confirm the re-

- ports. Botswana’s diamond

production, however, increased .

m 7,74-million carats in 1982 to
10,72-million in 1983.

De Beers disagrees that the new

Guinean production and marketing

policies will have any effect on its
own sales agreements or any im-

» pact on the international diamond

market.

“ “We market 85% of the world’s

; diamonds and we don’t foresee any

complaints about an independent
lucers’ selling policies,” said a
Beers’ spokesman.

He added that Guinea did not
have guaranteed prices for its dia-
monds while other producers were
assured of De Beers’ support.

Mr Lunzer ‘said Guinean dia-
monds were sold at “market prices,
sometimes at a substantial discount
to De Beers’ quotes”. But the stones
up and Aredor had so
far managed to sell ¢ ntities of

-qual ems easily.

ea first redor sale, however,
was small. In October, 24 000 carats
were sold at an average price of
about $225 a carat.

Mr Lunzer was confident that an-
nual production ‘would soon be be-
tween 200 000 and 300 000 carats —
about 3% of total world gem output.

But the chairman of Bridge Oil,
Mr Strauss, said recently
Aredor had “proven diamond re-
serves of 2,1-million carats in
about 6,5-million m’ "of
diamondiferous gravel”.

JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

GUINEA



JPRS-SSA-85+
20 February

LIBERIA

NEW LEADERS FOR BONG WORKERS’ UNION
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 19 Dec 84 pp 1, 6 !

[Text] The President of the Bong Workers’ Union at Bong Mines has been im-
peached and the Secretary~General suspended indefinitely and the new union
leaders recognized by the Ministry of Labour.

According to union sources, Mr. Samuel F. Lewis, President of the Union, was
impeached by the union's Executive Board "for acts incompatible with the
smooth operation of the union."

The secretary-general, Mr. Joseph Ernst, has been suspended for "time in-
definite for administrative reasons", and has been asked to meet the Executive
Board within 30 days for interrogation.

Union sources told the Daily Observer yesterday that Mr. Lewis had unilater-
ally concluded an agreement with the management of the Bong Mining Company to
carry out a mass redundancy of workers recently without the consent and ap-
proval of the union's Executive Board.

Among other things, the source alleged that meetings of the Executive Board
has not been attended by Mr. Lewis for the past three months.

Meanwhile, Mr. Samuel L. Massaquoi, vice president of the union, has been
named Acting President, while Mr. Karlo A. Leewaye, II is said to be Acting
Secretary—General until the matter is reviewed by the Ministry of Labour.

A letter (dated December 14, 1984) from the Ministry of Labour bearing the name
of Deputy Minister John C. L, Mayson, has approved the action against the two
union officials when it urged the management of Bong Mining Company to "recog-
nize the leadership of Messrs. Samuel L. Massquoi and Karlo Leeway as Acting
President and Acting Secretary-General of the union until the case pending
before this ministry is settled".

In yet another letter dated December 18, 1984, Assistant Labour Minister for
Trade Union Affairs, Mr. Carrington Samuels, informed the Labour Inspector at
Bong Mining Company "to supervise the turning over of:the union's building
with its keys from Mr. Samuel Lewis to Mr. Samuel Massaquoi, and accordingly
induct him and others into office".

The letter further instructed the Labour Inspector to "collect all union
properties from the outgoing president and where any contention is raised,
please contact the Magistrate for the letter of the Law to be applied."

2
CSO: 3400/480 6


JPRS-SSA-~85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MODERATE IDEOLOGICAL VIEWS EXPRESSED BY STUDENTS
Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 11 Jan 85 p 8
[Article by Barry Streek]

[Text] Students at five homeland universities have shown remarkably moder-
ate political attitudes despite their overwhelming support for the African
National Congress (ANC) and its jailed leader, Nelson Mandela.

The students displayed strong support for "democracy" and significant backing
for "socialism" but little support for “commmism/Marxism''--apart from the
university of Transkei where 14 percent said "communism/Marxism" interested
them most--and "African socialism".

They also endorsed "honest government in the interest of the people", "con-
stitutional structure respecting fundamental rights" and "free press and ex-
pression of thought".

Support for ANC

These views were expressed in surveys of student opinion at the universities
of Transkei (Unitra), Venda (Univen), Bophuthatswana (Unibo), QwaQwa (Uniqwa)
and Fort Hare in Ciskei.

The students were surveyed in self-administered questionnaires between 1980
and 1983 by Professor Gerhard Totemeyer, now a visiting professor at the
University of Cape Town but previously head of political science at Unitra.

He found most students at all five homeland universities supported the ANC

as the political party or movement in Southern Africa they sympathized with
or supported most, with the Progressive Federal Party as the second most popu-
lar.

As the surveys were answered by early 1983, their views on the United Demo-~
cratic Front and the black consciousness-orientated Natonal Forum, both estab-—
lished in 1983, were not ascertained. However, the minimal support given to
the Azanian People's Organization (Azapo)--none at Unitra, eight percent at
Univen, four percent at Unibo, five percent at Uniqwa and three percent at
¥Yort Hare--reflected little support for black consciousness.

95



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PARTY OFFICIAL HELD IN CISKET

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 12 Jan 85 p 2

[Text] King William's Town.--The vice-chairman of Ciskei's ruling National
Independence Party and vice rector of the L L Sebe Teachers’ Training Col-

lege in Zwelitsha, Mr WM Zantsi, has been detained.

This was confirmed yesterday by the Ciskei Police liaison officer, Colonel
G A Ngaki.

Col Ngaki said Mr Zantsi was being held under Section 26 of the National
Security Act.

Mrs N Zantsi said yesterday her husband had been taken from his Alice home
on Monday afternoon.

She was not allowed to see him and was not told where he was being held.

--The Chief of the South African Defence Force, General Constand Viljoen, is
to meet with the Ciskei Cabinet on Monday.

The meeting follows an inquiry into the death of two Ciskeian soldiers at
military bases in December.

President Lennox Sebe told a special session of the Ciskeian National As-
sembly on Tuesday the inquiry had revealed irregularities.

He said action would be taken against the Commander of the Ciskeian Defence
Force, Brigadier A A Nell, and another officer, Major R G Lewis.

The Minister of Defence, Chief D N Mwvuso, confirmed last night that Monday's
meeting would focus on the findings of the inquiry and the future of certain
senior white officers in the defence force.

cso; 3400/474

88



JPRS~SSA~85-
20 February

GUINEA“BISSAU

SWEDISH RESEARCH AGENCY TO AID INEP
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 5 Jan 85 p 7

[Text] Comrade Carlos Lopes, general director of the National Institute for
Studies and Research (INEP), has told NO PINTCHA that Lars Rulbeck, Swedish
professor and author, who took part in the Conference honoring Amilcar Cabral,
had discussed with the INEP the possibility of obtaining aid from SAREC (the
Swedish agency for cooperation in the research area.) for the newly-created
(10 October 1983) INEP.

Rudbeck also met with the INEP general director and with Comrade Carlos Cardoso,
coordinator of the Center for Contemporary History Studies [CEHC], an organ
of the INEP.

Rudbeck visited the archives and libraries of the institute, which are installed
in Rua Dr Severino Gomes da Pina, and the new INEP facilities in the "14 Novem
ber" educational complex, in the Ajuda District.

According to Comrade Carlos Lopes: "Rudbeck met with us to discuss the SAREC
project to support the CEHC.

“The budget presented by the INEP includes equipment, cadre training, contract~
ing of specialists and microfilms of documents pertaining to Guinea~Bissau
existing in Portugal."

The budget presented to SAREC amounts to $260,000.

"Professor Rudbeck will present the findings from his mission to the SARNC direc-
torate, which will give a definite answer regarding this aid by thie February,"
Carlos Lopes said.

Rudbeck also met with CEHC researchers, notably comrades Carlos Lopes, Carlos
Cardoso, Leonel Galvao, Ahmed Dawelbeit, Jorge Cabral, Jean Pierre Le Pris,
Wilson Barbosa and Coutinho Abreu, to discuss social science studies. Rudbeck
presented his recent work on Guinea-Bissau.

Finally, Comrade Lopes reported that Professor Lars Rudbeck had visited the
Kandjadja "tabanca," in Olio Region.

6362
CSO: 3442/162


cy JPRS-SSA-85-0.
20 February 1

SOUTH AFRICA

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPERS ACCUSED OF CREATING BAD IMAGE FOR COUNTRY
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 20 Dec 84 p 26

[Text] The observations of a journalist in the liberal British paper THE
GUARDIAN that English language newspapers in South Africa are chiefly
responsible for the "dreadful" picture of South Africa which exists overseas
not only confirms an impression which has been prevalent among many South
Africans for a long time, but has also placed these newspapers, especially
those of the progressive press, in a patently uncomfortable position.

Some people ignore this troublesome opinion of themselves altogether for
the sake of convenience, others react with predictable indignation--and
even let fly against the actual or supposed shortcomings of the SAUK [South
Afrikan Broadcasting Corporation]! As if the faults of one could wipe out
those of the other.

Now it has been hinted that no one would believe the English language papers
if they were to report about South Africa in a "placating or servile" way.
But who ever implied that? .

Actually, the point is that a foreign observer noticed a tendency among
certain English language newspapers towards what he describes as "blind
hostility" toward the government.

This dreadful, destructive tendency has given birth to reporting which,
according to the progressive press' own admission, serves as material for

the tidal wave of negative reports about. South Africa which are fed overseas.
Such bits of news which appear there, as the respected American TV commentator
Morley Safer admits, are then the basis on which many foreigners ground

their distorted perspectives--and it also explains why certain Americans
reacted. indignantly. to a program in which Safer tried to give something

of "the other side of the story," however incomplete and faulty.

This tendency among quite a number of English language newspapers is the
primary cause of selective reporting, of stressing too much or too little,

or even on occasion of committing the sin of suppression. It can be summed
up as occasional flagrant gaps in balanced reporting. And this is a major
cause of the misconceptions which too many foreigners have about South Africa.

There is probably political advantage to be gained internationally in
playing the cynic when reporting on your fatherland, but the price your
publication pays is that people no longer listen and you run the danger
of a loss of integrity and credibility.

12494 94
CSO: 3401/62



like the 'revelations' about shipments to South Africa have been blown up,
and that Preben Moller Hansen has used the occasion to use the old figures
over again," said Ellemann~-Jensen.

In the light of this case, Soren Riishoj, the Socialist People's Party's
spokesman on foreign policy has encouraged the Social Democrat, Radical
Liberal, and Left Socialist Parties to be present to press for getting

all information about Danish oil shipments to South Africa out in the open.

12789
CsO; 3613/96

99



JPRS~SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK PRESS DISCUSSES PROTEST STRATEGY
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 28 Nov 84 p 19

[Editorial by Thinus Prinsloo: "Debate Among Blacks Has Two Sides"]

[Excerpt] The two sides of the self-examining debate in the black community
on the question of work boycotts as a weapon in their liberation struggle
and the accompanying violence in their residential areas are evident from
letters prominently published this week in papers for blacks.

The message in the lettér columns is that no one is opposed to the striving
of blacks to liberate themselves--to obtain equal political rights in South
Africa. The difference of opinion lies in the fact that part of the black
community is sick and tired of being intimidated in various ways by their
own people into participating more actively in things such as work boycotts.

In feature articles the papers stand by those who want peaceful change, but
the message is that the hour glass for that is rapidly running out. Blacks
were also warned in one feature article that talk about a long stay-away
from work is irresponsible and dangerous.

In the main letter to the editor in DIE SOWETAN, sharp criticism is voiced
against "students" who provoke innocent workers who have nothing to do with
the boycotts, The writer--Innocent Victum--from Alexandra writes that the
daily bloodsheds will not give them what they want. "How can the so-called
leaders of tomorrow lead the people when they are monsters?"

Instead of building it up, they destroy the black nation, says the writer.
He closes with the appeal: "Do you, students, really gain something by kil-
ling your own people? Can't you come to your senses . . .?"

In Sunday's CITY PRESS, Peter Ngwenya of Meadowlands represents the opposite
line of thinking.. He asks what has become of Soweto's brave attitude.

He calls those who go to work "traitors" and says that their selfish ideas
will be revealed one day. :

62



solve any problems relat-
ed to squatting and in-
flux.

Abortive draft

Attempts under his
guidance to draw up new
post-Riekert influx con-
trol legislation were fi-
nally abandoned after
the third abortive draft,
and a cabinet committee
under Mr Chris Heunis
started to reassess the
position of blacks out-
side the homelands, as
well as urbanization.

Squatter control
stopped abruptly and re-
ports filtered through
that the government was
rethinking its Western
Cape blueprint.

The results came in
two major policy an-
nouncements in October,
the first at the Cape
National Party’s annual
congress.

After weeks of behind-
the-scenes politicking,
Mr P W Botha finally low-
ered the boom on the
“coloured preference”
philosophy and its two

concrete policy arms — °
the withholding of 99-:

year leasehold and the

Coloured Labour Prefer-
ence Policy (CLPP), in
terms of which blacks
could be employed only
if no suitable coloureds
were available.

Historically, these
measures were aimed at
keeping blacks out of the
Western Cape. However,
both measures had_be-
come outdated and had
been working against the
government’s interests
rather than for it.

As Mr Botha told con-'
gress, they served only to
disadvantage blacks who
were permanently here
already, and the only ef-
fect of the CLPP was to
retard economic growth.

CSO: 3400/476

Mr Botha also said
bluntly that the govern-
ment couldn’t afford to
build Khayelitsha on its
own, that the private sec-
tor demanded 99-year
leasehold as security for
lending blacks money to
build with themselves —
and that the squatter
camps couldn’t be
cleared if Khayelitsha
wasn’t built.

This pointed to the fact
that neither concession
was incompatible with
continued action against
illegals — or harsher in-
flux control.

This was further un-
derlined when Mr Louis
Nel, Deputy Minister of
Foreign Affairs, told con-
gress the concessions did
not mean the “doors of
the Cape would be
opened to blacks” and
reaffirmed the govern-
ment’s policy of repatri-
ating “illegals”,

Leasehold

Nevertheless, Mr
Botha stated clearly that

| blacks had the right to

live and work in the Cape

: on the same basis as any-

where else,

While this was not
spelled out, he left little
doubt that 99-year lease-
hold would be granted in

_ the established town-

ships as well — a signifi-
cant deviation from the
original Khayelitsha

: blueprint.

He also made it clear
that the government in-
tended to allow some de-
gree of legal urbaniza-
tion — which seemed to
open the way toa rethink
about the squatters as
well.

Behind the scenes the
government was again
being advised to. recog-
nize the squatter camps
and upgrade them, which
would allow voluntary

68

movement'only to Khaye-
litsha_ and relieve the
township from some of
its ideological stigma.

But this was not to be.

Later that month, Dr
Koornhof's successor, Dr
Gerrit Viljoen, an-
nounced in Pretoria that
the existing squatter
camps would be cleared
completely and that all
squatters — legals and il-
legals — would be moved
to Khayelitsha,

“Illegals” would not.
get rights to live and
work in the Cape and he
emphasized the move
did not mean their pres-
ence was being con-
doned.

Only “legals” would
get core houses and “‘ille-
gals” would have to build
shacks on serviced sites
to be laid out in the area.

Removal of 70 000

“Maximum co-opera-
tion” would be sought
from squatters, but he
left no doubt that they
would ultimately have to
move.

No squatter leaders
were consulted and the
resettlement project
boils down to the forced
removal of up to 70000
people.

‘The authorities have °

presented the move as an
attempt to improve
squatters’ conditions.
But contrary to popular
belief, most squatters
are likely to be worse off
at Khayelitsha than be-
fore.

Crossroads is over-
crowded angunpleasant
in some ways, but many
legals have large and
comfortable shacks.

Many dislike the
minute and soulless
Khayelitsha cores which
some have condemned as
“pigsties”, “toilet
houses” and ‘rabbit

hutches”,

Controversial Cross-
roads leader Mr Johnson
Ngxobongwana has
made much capital out of
this.

“Khayelitsha is not
better than Crossroads—
it is the worst squatter
camp in the Cape,” he
has declared.

For “illegals”, phys-
ical conditions may im-
prove, but economically
most or all of them are
likely to be worse off
than before.

What is often forgotten
is that “illegals” are not
only unable to get houses
but can also not be legal-
ly employed.

This means that at
least 50000 people who
are not allowed to earn a
living are to be resettled
some 12km further from
Cape Town than they are
now, with no formal
means of life support.

Many “illegals”

‘ scratch a living in a frag-
: ile web of informal eco-

nomic activity built up in

‘and arcund Crossroads

over a number of years,
which will be disrupted
if they are moved.

Seen in this light, the -
project is a massive
dumping operation.

As a leading squatter
spokesman says: “The
problem is where people
will get work, food and

-Money. Crossroads is

nearer Cape Town and
nearer the market. If
they send people to
Khayelitsha without
rights, they are going to
suffer. What does it help
to have a better shack if
you starve?”
Ultimately, however;
the government’s mo-
tives for. the move — as
well as the squatters’
reasons for rejecting it—
are much more deep-
seated than that. . -



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

LIBERTA

SECOM URGED TO CONTINUE VOTER REGISTRATION
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 13 Dec 84 p 8

[Text] The Liberia Action Party (LAP) has called on the Special Elections
Commission (SECOM) to continue the registration of qualified persons to vote
in the ensuing general elections.

The appeal was contained in a speech read by the party's Organizing Committee
chairman, Counsellor Tuan Wreh, on the occasion of the presentation of the
party's final membership registration roster yesterday at the Commission's
office on Ashmun Street, Monrovia.

The party registry, according to Counsellor Wreh, contains a membership of
not less than 500 qualified voters in each of at least six counties and em-
bracing the signature of all of the officers and 750 members.

The LAP Chairman pointed out that there was still a "vast number of citizens
who did not register for the last referendum adopting the constitution, ad-
ding, “we need more registered voters and it will be a denial of their funda~
mental democratic right if no effort is made by the commission” to have those
unregistered citizens registered.

To achieve this goal, Counsellor Wreh urged SECOM to undertake this "national
assignment soon by appealing to the Liberian government and the governments
of friendly nations to provide the funding for this exercise".

Counsellor Wreh informed the Commission that the Action Party achieved the
goal of acquiring the party registry “in spite of forces that tried to under-
mine" the party's faith in the "democratic process and our resolve to ensure
free, fair and honest elections in 1985 and a civilian democratic rule in
January 1986."

He, however, assured voters that the party will strive always to clarify the
political, economic, legal and social issues which shall tend to "affect the
destiny of the country and the people so that the electorate can reasonably
make an educated decision on those vital issues.”

"As we move higher on the road of de jure recognition of our party, it is per-
haps wholesome to reflect onthe role the Liberia Action Party (LAP) intends to
play in our nation's political arena”, he said.

13



Professor Totemeyer said nearly 66 percent of all the respondents at the five
universities said they supported the ANC "because it is committed to the lib-
eration struggle of the blacks from oppression and that it fights for the black
cause, black power, black rights and a free Azania".

“The ANC policy of non-racialism is forwarded as the second most important
reason.

“Other reasons mentioned were: it is against discrimination and segregation;
reflects the interests of the blacks; is prepared to suffer for its cause;
its policy programme; the only party which can save South Africa's problems;
it supports unification of blacks and whites; it has committed itself to
change".

He said an honest government in the interests of the people was considered
the most important characteristic of a democratic political system.

“The replies confirm the stated distrust in the white South African which is
considered dishonest in relationship with the black population.

"The distrust in the honesty of Africa is higher than the distrust in a demo~
cratic government.

‘What is expected from a democratic system is a constitution which respects
fundamental rights."

The students were given the opportunity to express in an open-ended question
their reasons for their belief in a democratic system.

In order of importance, they gave: equal rights (equality); government of the
people, by the people, for the people; freedom; justice; protection of civil
rights.

Democracy Favoured

Professor Totemeyer commented: "All these attributes of a democratic system
are withheld from the black population in South Africa and the urge for them
is therefore high."

When we asked the students what political idea or ideology interested them
most, 38 percent of the Unitra students said democracy, as did 83 percent
of the Univen, 80 percent of the Unibo, 73 percent of the Uniqwa and 59 per-
cent of the Fort Hare students.

Socialism was cited by 30 percent of the Unitra students, none of the Univen,
five percent of the Unibo, 15 percent of the Uniqwa and 22 percent of the Fort
Hare students, while black conciousness received less than five percent sup-
port at the universities, except at Unitra where 10 percent cited black con-
ciousness,.

96



Quite recently, the Catholic Bishops of Liberia, in a 12-page Pastoral
Letter read in Catholic churches throughout the country, also requested Gov-
ernment to withdraw Decree 88A so that “the right to freedom of speech and
of the press may be enjoyed by all citizens of the country."

The Catholic Bishops said they felt that the intention of the decree "to out-
law lying, and prevent the spread of malicious rumours," was "praiseworthy",
but that the means proposed to this end were open to questions.

“The public, unhindered exposure of the truth is the best way of counter-
acting lies and false accusations in a free society," the bishops strongly
pointed out.

--Following the promulgation of Decree 88A in July this year, a former As-
sistant Minister of Planning and a staunch member of the Liberian People's
Party (LPP), Mr. Dusty Wolokollie, was the first to be affected by the de~-
cree,

He is still being held in detention at the Central Pfison in Monrovia.

Meanwhile, LINSU has further called on the government to take the first con-
vincing step towards a democratic Liberia by having the decree repealed.

cso: 3400/480

18


JPRS~SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN INHAMBANE TO AID DROUGHT VICTIMS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Jan 85 p 3

[Text] The religious denominations in Inhambane Province recently expressed
their desire to expand their support for the victims of natural disasters and
to participate in some socioeconomic development projects in this part of

the country.

According to proposals already well under way, each religious denomination
will undertake a detailed study of the government's general plan for Inhambane
Province this year, in connection with the aid to victims of natural disasters
and development of assistance programs in areas where the situation is still
eritical.

As a result of the study, each religious congregation will make concrete
proposals on the areas in which their backing will take place. Subsequently,
the proposals will be evaluated and studied insofar as their feasibility is
concerned.

The availability of the religious denominations was voiced during the course
of the provincial government's third meeting with them. The meeting was held
under the direction of Governor Jose Pascoal Zandamela who, on that occasion,
underscored the increasing aid from the religious groups in supplying produc-
tion facilities to the drought victims.

He also gave a reminder of the efforts which the party and state in Inhambane
have been expending to stabilize the present status of the population stricken
by the scourge of drought. In this connection, he announced that a survey
was under way of the material requirements that are still essential to reor-
ganize the population's lives.. Also included in the survey are the needs

for seed, production tools, cattle for farming and pharmaceuticals,

as well as spare parts.

Zandamela disclosed at the meeting that, as early as this month’, district
delegations for religious affairs would be created, primarily in Massinga,
Morrunbene, Homoine, Inharrime and Vilanculo.

During the course of the meeting, it was revealed that the donations from the
religious denominations in Inhambane to the victims of the drought and of

47



JPRS-SSA-85-
20 February

SOUTH AFRICA

RACISM IN LITERATURE ANALYZED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 19 Dec 84 p 5

[Text] Racist elements in Afrikaans literature for young people reflects on
Afrikaner society, and not on literature itself, because literature is
merely a manifestation of cultural values.

This is what Mr Franklin Sonn, Rector of Peninsula Technikon and chairman
of the teachers’ union Utasa, said about the findings of a doctoral student
at the University of Stellenbosch.

Dr Andree-Jeanne Toetemayer, who has just obtained her doctorate, expresses
dismay in her dissertation over the racist elements which sometimes appear
in Afrikaans literature for children and young people. She found that
pedagogical segregation is a thread passing through Afrikaans children's
literature.

DIE BURGER asked a number of leading teachers and publishers to comment
on the findings of the dissertation, "The racist elements in Afrikaans
literature for children and young people", a review of which appeared
in DIE BURGER yesterday.

Mr Sonn said literature and society go hand in hand. "The author must
depict the things he sees as art, and art is nothing more than the functional
depiction of reality. I want to stress that the root of the evil does not
lie in literature, but in society."

He said he makes it a point to exclude books having a racist element from
the required readings for schools. "Pupils and students must not be obliged
to study and analyze such books," he added.

Prof Jakes Gerwel, deacon of the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy at the
University of Western Cape Province [UWK], said there are two forms of
racism in literature, a subtle form, and a coarser, overt form.

"The danger lies in the subtler form because it can be internalized without
the reader being aware of it. It is so completely absorbed into the
cultural context that a person is not conscious of it." He said racism

in literature damages the sense of human worth, and every writer must
guard against it.

92



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

MALAWI

BRIEFS

PRC MISSION VISITS PROJECTS-~The four-man Chinese Technical Mission currently
visiting Chinese aided irrigation schemes in the country inspected Nkhate
Scheme on Saturday where they commended the work being done. The leader of
the Mission, Mr. Feng Chow Ma said that they were encouraged by the work
being done by the Chinese Agricultural experts in conjunction with their
Malawian counterpants. He said they had gone to Nkhate to find out what

the Chinese Agriculture Mission was doing to Malawi, in order to assess

what had been achieved in rice production, and also to find out what prob~-
lems were experienced at the scheme, and means of solving such problems.
[Excerpt] [Blantyre MALAWI DAILY TIMES in English 14 Jan 85 p 3]

PRC MISSION VISITS DOMASI--The Chinese teclinical Mission which is in the
country on Sunday inspected Domasi rice scheme and expressed satisfaction
that the scheme, under the management of the Malawi Government, was realis--
ing increased yields three years after the Chinese Agricultural Mission had
handed it over to the Government. The team was briefed on how the Govern-
ment was managing the scheme with the co-operation of Chinese technical ad-
visers by the officer in-charge. The officer told the visitors that the 500
hectare irrigation scheme was growing mainly rice during the rainy season
and rice and maize during the dry season. [Excerpt] [Blantyre MALAWI DAILY
TIMES in English 15 Jan 85 p 3]

NEW ROAD PROGRESSES-~The 79 kilometre road starts from Lirangwe to the
Mozambican border. Work consists reconstruction of 27 kilometres of exist-
ing road and construction of 52 kilometres of new road. There are a total
of six bridges to be constructed three major ones across the Shire, Lisungwi
and Nkulumadzi rivers and three smaller ones. According to Mr. Peder Kjaer,
a representative of Cowiconsult, the consulting engineers, work on the road
project is going on according to schedule. There hasn't been any major set-
backs so far, apart from slight delays in the delivery of materials. Mr.
Kjaer said one of the advantages for the project is that certain materails
such as sand and quarry stones are readily available in the area. A huge
quarry, capable of producing several sizes of stone simultaneously, is fully
operational near the road camp. It is supplying quarry stones for the
whole project, he said. Mr. Kjaer said 35 kilometres of the road has been
cleared and 35 kilometres of earthworks is in progress. Work on four of

the bridges has been started.. [Excerpts] [Article by Fabiano Kwaule]
{Blantyre MALAWI NEWS in English 5-11 Jan 85 p 1]

CSO: 3400/468
30


Receiving the documents from the various representatives of the party, SECOM
Co-Chairman, Mr. Albert T, White, lauded the party for the “smooth” manner
in which the documents were presented and hoped other parties coming forth
will do the same; adding, "this is a step forward".

He said that the commission was "committed" to doing all within its power to
have a successful civilian democratic rule in the country in 1986.

The Liberia Action Party (LAP) is the third to meet preregistration require-
ments with the commission. The first was the National Democratic Party of
L beria (NDPL) which supports the candidacy of Head of State, CIC Dr Samuel
K. Doe, and then the Unity Party headed by Dr. Edward B. Kesselly.

LAP officials present at yesterday's occasion included Mr. Harry A. Greaves,
Sr., former Minister of Defense and former Superintendent of Bong County
and also Co-Chairman of the party; Mrs. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, former Minis-
ter of Finance; and Dr. Nah Doe Bropleh, former Deputy Secretary General of
the West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA).

Meanwhile, it was revealed yesterday that the Chairman of the Elections Com-
mission, Ambassador Emmett Harmon, is in Zurich, to attend the Board Meeting
of Bong Mines and thereafter he will travel to the United States for a medical
check-up and later attend to matters in the interest of the Liberian govern-
ment and the Commission,

CSO: 3400/480

14


RED ARMY BUILD UP CLAIMED IN SEYCHELLES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jan 85 p 13

[Text ]

cso:

3400/469

DURBAN. — The Sey-
chelles Resistance Move-
ment in London claimed
yesterday that it has evi-
dence that the Soviet
Union is supplying ‘Grad’
rockets and ‘Sam’ missiles
with military advisers to
the Seychelles.

A spokesman for the
resistance movement told
The Citizen from London
yesterday that the organi-
sation would soon be in a
Position to give “visual
evidence” that the Rus-
sians had, in fact off-

‘loaded “Grad’ rockets ‘at
victoria, the capital of
‘Seychelles, in the past
month,

| He would not say how
the movement had ob-
; tained this evidence.

; “We have been aware
“of the Soviet build-up for
some time. Some of the
Western nations who
have been sceptical of the
growing Soviet influence
in the Seychelles will be in
:for a surprise when they
see evidence of the build-

58

Only last month Presi-
dent Albert Rene held a
Press conference in Victo-
tia, attended by foreign
Pressmen, in which he re-
peatedly denied that the
Seychelles was becoming
more and more under
Soviet influence.

The latest develop-
ments are being closely
watched by Western intel-
ligence agencies, includ-

ving the American CIA

and MIS in Britain.
The Sunday Telegraph

‘in London reported at the

weekend that it had evi-
dence that Russia was
supplying rockets and
missiles with military ad-
visers to the Seychelles.

The newspaper claimed
that this was part of a plan
to develop the island as a
“watching and listening
post”.

The Americans, at
present, are still leasing a
tracking station on the
main island of Mahé in
the Seychelles.

JPRS~SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

SEYCHELLES



JPRS-SSA-85-014
20 February 1985

ANGOLA

LUANDA HARBOR OPERATION, DIFFICULTIES DISCUSSED
Lisbon DIARIO DE LISBOA in Portuguese 13 Dec 84 pp 9, 10

[Text] "The price of operating, the cost: of efficiency, lie in the '

sin: of false facts": even if they are a law, or certain laws... The person
with this view is Antonio Alvaro Agante, a direct man of action, speaking
accurately, . determined. There is some fearlessness, daring and active non-
conformity in his remarks. At times he is disconcerting in his rejection of
all kinds of orthodoxy and in his almost complete submission to the goal of
efficiency: "If this doesn't progress in the future, everything will be headed
for a breakdown." And this is no exaggeration: the supply of provisions and
other essential goods for a large portion of the country depends largely on
him and his 5,000 subordinates. He is the general director of the port of
Luanda. And the port is operating....

About 40 years of age, with rather gray hair, worn jeans and a pistol under
his shirt, Antonio Alvaro Agante is a man who is talked about and with whom
one talks. He is talked about because he has under his administration a state
economic unit of national dimensions, constituting a nerve infrastructure of
the RPA's internal and external economy. But, in particular, because he is
one of those who fulfill plans, who solve problems and who puts things in
motion, whatever the cost may be....

With whom one talks, because he does not mince words, and because he does not
evade any question: "The situation of the port workers is often one of either
stealing or dying."

They have already called him pragmatic, claiming that he was a member of a
new generation of leaders rising up in the RPA, in almost a political "nove-
ment." "I don't belong to any movement; things are either done or they are
not done."

Incompetence and Major Projects

The fact is that, for the past 4 years, the port of Luanda has been one of
the vises on the Angolan economy. Ships waited for months to be unloaded,
and the goods were spoiling in the holds and on the docks. Now, the port is
uncrowded, and the average mooring days for long-distance vessels declined
from 164 in 1981 to 10 in 1983.



Together with the rector of the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher
Education, theologian Professor Tjaart van der Walt, who is also a member,
the political and religious influence of men such as these cannot be under-
estimated.

The Reformatoriese Beweging van Suid-Afrika (Rebsa--the Reformed Movement of
South Africa, formerly the Afrikaans Calvinist Movement) is also closely
linked with the GKSA and is the home of mainly verligte intellectuals who
publish a monthly journal Woord en Daad, often airing views significantly
left or critical of Government policy.

The GKSA leadership is without doubt progressive. The extent to which lay
membership of this mainly Transvaal-based church accepts their views is at
times tested. Occasionally a black member is shown out the church door at
funerals or prayer meetings for rain.

The theological stance of the GKSA is politically speaking to the left of
that of the leading white Afrikaans church, the NGK, but it has never joined
the World Council of Churches nor the recently "radicalised" World Alliance
of Reformed Churches (of which Dr Allan Boesak is president).

The NGK has long since resigned from the WCC and was suspended from WARC at
its Ottawa meeting in 1982 for its theological and moral support of the ideo-
logy of apartheid.

The GKSA has strong ties with the Reformed Ecumenical Synod (based in the
United States but almost wholly of churches of Dutch origin) and notwith-
standing its more progressive theology on racial issues, was last year af-
fected by the Chicago RES decision of which also pronounced apartheid a hersey.

The RES did not suspend the GKSA or the NGK, but the churches were requested
to report back to the next RES meeting in 1988 on their efforts to influence
the Government to do away with the separate development policy.

Last week the NGK announced it was suspending its membership of the RES and
one of the most important issues at the GKSA synod, which ends on January 22,
is expected to be the discussion on its own position. RES leadership is tak-
ing the matter seriously and the general secretary, Dr Paul Schrotenboer from
Grand Rapids in the United States, as well as an adviser, the Reverend Clarence
Boomsma, will be present.

The other major issue at the synod will be the report on relations between
different peoples ("volkere verhoudings") which is expected to be tabled this
week,

The expected outcome of the ecumenical issue as well as that of this report
is not clear, although informed sources have said the contents are "surprising".

cso: 3400/475

90



In addition to the support that they receive from the government, the private
merchants associated with that zone have expressed their solidarity with these
victims of the criminals by offering them material goods.

A palpable example of this humanitarian gesture has been shown by Mussa Kara,
by supporting a group of nearly 30 children in Goonda, the whereabouts of whose
parents is unknown.

Besides various items, including food, that merchant made a monetary contribu-
tion to defray the costs of the personnel caring for the children; while plans
are under way to create a day-care facility for them, using local materials.

Combating Contraband and Speculation

The political and administrative structures and those directly connected with
commerce in various sections of the district of Chibabava are engaged in
combating contraband, speculation and hoarding of products.

In each locality, all the commercial establishments have uniform prices, in
accordance with the item. This situation is quite the opposite of what one
finds in our cities.

Moreover, a battle is being waged to prevent the products destined for the
population from returning back to the provincial capital; something that would
constitute a source for the development of contraband.

Victory To Be Consolidated

The guarantee of the arrival of products in the district of Chibabava to
suppi the population is, without doubt, a military victory against the
armed bandits' attempts. However, it is important that it be consolidated,
because the enemy has not been disarmed.

In a conversation with high-ranking Army officials assigned to the region,
they cited that need, noting that "all the security measures have now been
adopted, and the enemy no longer has a camp."

Those with whom we conversed also stressed the courageous, brave position of
the merchants associated with the district who, although they are civilians,
have also confronted the armed bandits, so that the population will be
supplied.

Obliterating Vestiges of the Drought and Armed Banditry
The criminal action of the armed bandits in Chibabava had been combined with

the drought which devastated that section of Sofala Province, thereby contri-
buting to the worsening of the famine.

At the present time, with the enemy expelled and the rainfall, there is a
rebirth of hope that the vestiges left by those two disasters may be obliterat-
ed.

35



When they were asked what three elements of the Western culture, they liked
most, education, the "political system (democracy, freedom, equality)" and
Christianity were ranked highest.

They disliked "racism/discrimination" and "bad habits/manners, character-
istics’.

Professor Totemeyer pointed out that it had to be remembered that whites in
South Africa were considered representatives of the Western culture.

“The students consider them as being selfish, too formal, status conscious ,
dishonest, impartial, unfaithful, hypocritical, corrupt, exploitative, pre-
tentious, aggressive, greedy and unfair."

Professor Totemeyer commented: ‘The tragedy of the situation in South Africa
is that the values of the Western democratic system and of Western culture
per se are on the one hand admired by the students but on the other hand de-
spised by them because they cannot benefit from them.

"As many of them are reserved for whites only, these values are withheld from
them by the political representatives of the white population which claims
to represent Western values and norms.

“This precipitates ambiguity among black students which is reflected by a
love/hate relationship and cultural dualism."

CSO: 3400/475

97



sell them. Furthermore, the subject of our interview said that, with the
decline in rainfall during the past few days, "next year we shall need less
food coming from Beira."

"We Were Aided With Loans’

"The shortage of. products of prime necessity in this locality of Goonda has
been minimized, thanks to the action of the Army and merchants, who have done
everything to provide them," according to Celina Chimene, OMM [Organization
of Mozambique Women] secretary m that level, when contacted by DM.

The subject of our interview underscored the Armed Forces’ role in guarantee-
ing supplies not only to the locality but also to the entire Chibabava
district.

At the same time, Celina Chimene noted that her organization has a collective
farm to achieve self-sufficiency in food, "so that we won't continue to
depend exclusively on the food from the city, if the rainfall continues in
this way."

2909
CSO: 3442/154

38