office is doing everything except its real activity, which is planning. For
this reason, we think that the creation of a new structure, that will be
concerned with the provision of products and materials, through contacts with
the suppliers, will solve many problems that we are experiencing at present.

J.A.: Comrade Kimba, our second question bears a certain relationship to the
first one, and consists of the fact recently admitted by your Consultative
Council, that it is the excessive red tape in your ministry's structures that
has served as an element to stifle the harmonious relations with the direct
producers, the peasants, in various respects. What concrete measures will
be adopted to change the course of events?

Kimba: The comrade is correct in admitting the relationship between the two
questions, but at any rate, there is one or more aspects that have not been
brought up. With regard to the support for the peasants, I think that the
situation will improve considerably with the autonomy that I mentioned earlier.
We realize that it is not everywhere that we can provide the technical facili-
ties for agriculture. Hence, we must view the backing for the peasants with

a greater sense of responsibility. .

Some time ago, the ministry gave the peasants a certain amount of. organization-
al support, and also a certain amount of political support, which resulted in
the formation of some peasant cooperative and associations in various parts

of the country, but which was not accompanied by the proper material backup.
However, there has been some political framework; but there has not been the
necessary technical framework, because we have not taken to the rural areas
the tools essential for production, for example, machetes, plows, etc., which
would supplement the first part of the work. Hence, our attention will be
directed toward greater technical-material backing for the peasants.

J.A.: The population's self-sufficiency in food by the next decade is a goal
in your plans, according to your recent Consultative Council meeting. What
will be done in that area, so as to accomplish this?

Kimba: With regard to this, I should say that this problem is not contingent
merely on the Ministry of Agriculture. We simply have the initiative, and at
our Consultative Council meeting we have devised a document that we call a
“preliminary hypothesis for development of the agricultural-livestock sector,
aimed at achieving our population's self-sufficiency in food." During the
same Council meeting, we took care to observe that the materialization of this
initiative of ours demands the pooling of efforts by several sectors of
national activity. This is because, for example, we shall have to know the
composition of our population and its most immediate needs, -in order to find ~
out the products in which this development should be given the greatest atten-
tion. Therefore, as you can see, it is a. question with a cyclical solution.
The first step has been taken, and the document that has been devised will. be
submitted to the party's National Conference, to be held this year.

J.A.: We also know that the current production is not sufficient to meet the
population's food requirements, particularly of agricultural products, and

15



Since the arrival of Mama Tafico the company's production has been increasing.
The corporation realised 16 m/- in 1983 compared to 6.5m/- in 1982. This
year's target is to raise its landings to about 800 tonnes of fish and prawns
worth 20 m/-.

The General Manager told participants at the Bagamoyo seminar that TAFICO
planned to acquire two more vessels of the size of "Mama Tafico" before the
end of this year and also rehabilitate one old boat. The move would improve
TAFICO's operations.

In 1982, the World Bank, through the International Development Association
(IDA) provided a loan of 90m/- for the establishment of the Rufiji Fishing
Company (RUFICO) and the Bagamoyo Fishing Company (BAFICO) in Rufiji and Baga-
moyo districts respectively.

The two fishing companies were to collaborate with TAFICO to boost the fishing
industry in the country along the coastline to increase fishing production, to
earn the most needed fish protein and bring foreign exchange from fish sells.

The two small fishing companies, however, have faced the chronic problem of
lack of modern vessels to fish in deep waters.

Presenting a paper on the situation in fishery in the small fishing company at
the Bagamoyoseminar, the representative of BAFICO, Ndugu G. Nanyaro said his
company's daily catch rate per boat was decreasing, which meant that its oper-
ations could not be sustained.

Ironically, their operations in collaboration with TAFICO was also pushing the
two smaller organisations out of business.

Unlike TAFICO vessels, all the BAFICO fishing vessels are small boats built at
Bagamoyo. Taking into consideration that before TAFICO acquired the modern
vessel it also faced similar problems, there is a need for these fish indus-
tries to acquire large vessels which have the ability to fish in different
water depths.

csO: 3400/967

36



Meanwhile, it has also been learned that the capital's water supply has been
seriously upset since yesterday, and there is every indication that another act
of sabotage is involved.

A source from the RNM contacted by me today here in Harare told me that this is
actually "the beginning of the end" for the government of Samora Machel in
Maputo. "Maputo is in the dark today. The damage may be repaired, but one
thing is certain: the sabotaging of these lines will be constant and, just as
has happened in Cabora-Bassa, they will be inoperative."

The same source added: "Up until now, we have had only about 100 men operating
south of Incomati. As of this week, it has not been 100, but rather over 1,000
guerrilla fighters operating in this area, who will complete the encirclement
of the capital. The routes to the South, West and North will be gradually and
completely seized. The airport itself will be within reach of our weapons.

The only safe entrance to Maputo will be the eastern area, facing the Indian
Ocean. Our forces are approaching the capital more closely every day. Before
long, the roar: of our mortars and heavy artillery will be heard there. Machel
has not deterred the progress of our 100 fighters. How is he going to stop
1,000 or 1,500, who have been trained hard and who are heavily equipped and
motivated? How will the FRELIMO [Mozambique Liberation Front] troops react
when the guerrilla action starts taking place inside Maputo itself?"

The same spokesman explained, with regard to the death of the assistant editor
of NOTICIAS DO MAPUTO, Pedro Jivane, who was killed by guerrillas from the
Resistance as he was driving in his car along National Street No. 1, that the
execution of a plan of urban terrorism has not been precluded:

"The punitive purpose of the death of Jivane, who was by no means innocent in
the process of communizing Mozambique, may have been served by the guerrillas
with the placement of armored cars next to the facilities vital to the regime
(such as those of NOTICIAS), just like what is happening regularly in Beirut or
in the attacks in Pretoria. The members of the Resistance, either because of
practical limitations or because of the strategy of their struggle, have not
taken that course of action yet. The propaganda campaign started by FRELIMO
and extended abroad, has, however, attempted to depict the Tivane case as a
massacre, marked by malicious features; which is completely out of proportion
and false."

On the other hand, it is known that truck drivers from Zimbabwe and owners of
trucking companies are considering stopping all traffic along the road connect-
ing Mozambique and Zambia, and the road to Malawi, a highway which crosses the
Mozambican province of Tete. The insecurity and ambushes have been increasing
to a shocking degree recently on Mozambican roads; and, this week, another
eight trucks were destroyed and their loads burned by the guerrillas, upon
traveling through Tete Province between Malawi and Zimbabwe. All the FRELIMO
troops escorting the aforementioned vehicles were shot down by the members of
the Resistance.

32


SAFAIR TAKES OVER SEARCH-AND-RESCUE OPERATIONS

Cape Town THE CAPE TIMES in English 28 Apr 84 p 4

[Text]

cso:

3400/969

HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY. — The governmént an-
nounced this week that Safair, the South African air
freight company, would take over long-distance
search and rescue operations over the sea from the
Air Force.

Recently it was announced that the South African
Air Force’s long-serving Shackleton aircraft would
be phased out by the end of the year and that they
could not be replaced because of the arms embargo.

In a White Paper tabled in Parliament yesterday,
the government accepted “in principle” a number of
recommendations by the Margo Commission into
Civil Aviation for the improvement of air-sea emer-
ency rescue operations.

It also said the Department of Transport would
take over the operation of the Rescue Co-ordination
Centre from the Air Force, since “the SAAF could
no longer perform this function owing to its oper-
ational commitments and security needs”.

“It was also decided that aircraft belonging to Sa-
fair would be suitably-equipped to undertake long-

distance search and rescue operations over water |

and that their aircrews should receive the appropri-
ate training.”

Arrangements had already been made to compen-
sate companies involved in search operations con-
ducted on request.

In its report, the Margo Commission called on the
government to take the initiative in forming a joint
emergency service with neighbouring countries,
other states in Southern Africa and countries such
as Mauritius, Malagasy, Brazil and Argentine.

It called for the formation of the Southern African
Civil Aviation Convention (Safcac) as a humanitar-
ian service for all.

The White Paper did not specifically refer to this
proposal, but accepted it in principle. It could result
in improved emergency services for air disasters
forming part of Prime ‘ister P W Botha’s peace
initiative in the sub-continent.

The commission also made a number of proposals
for emergency services, including greater co-ordina-
tion, the establishment of a mobile counter-disaster
task unit and the location of dinghies at state air-
ports near the sea.

A

SOUTH AFRICA



psychological attrition that is starting to become evident both among civilians
and among the military sent by Havana. Convinced that they would find a coun-
try that could be easily controlled, they have found that, unlike what they
had been told, their lives are increasingly at risk, and that they are not at
all approved of by the very native populationwhich they were supposed to
defend. The difficulty in adjusting to the Angolan situation, the constant
insecurity and the casualties suffered have prompted the military, despite the
$600 per month paid monthly to every soldier by the Luanda government, to show
reluctance toward risking its skin. The second relates to the pressure said
to have been brought to bear on the USSR to choose between reinforcing the
weaponry and increasing the number of Cuban troops, in an attempt to impose
the necessary pressure to keep control of the cities, which are the strategic
points that are of essential concern to it.

Despite this picture, filled with threats to MPLA, UNITA does not have the
means for attaining total victory. In fact, it could control the rural areas,
destroy the Luanda government's economic mainstays further still and add
feats similar to the recent occupation of Novo Redondo. But its inability

to confront the enormous variety of the Russo-Cuban military potential would
not allow it to maintain these positions for very long.

In the event that the Angolan internal situation continues to evolve as predict-
ed here, the strategy pursued to date by Jonas Savimbi, which has enormous
political, religious and economic backing from the U.S.,will have to be inten-
sified, so as to increasingly weaken MPLA and the moral of the Cuban expedition-
ary force, until the Luanda government is forced to agree to negotiations.

However, unlike FRELIMO [Mozambique Liberation Front] which, if the agreement
signed with the RAS is implemented, will be forced to replace Marcelino dos
Santos' minority faction with Mondlane's former followers, in Angola, MPLA
does not seem to have the same maneuvering room, and the negotiations, if
they should take place, will almost inevitably lead to its replacement in
power by UNITA.

2909
CSO: 3442/361



ZAMBIA

MINERS RALLY BEHIND MUZ CHAIRMAN WALAMBA
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 9 May 84 p 5

[Text] MANY Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM) workers on the Copperbelt
have supported the leadership of Mineworkers Union of Zambia (MUZ) chairman Mr
Timothy Walamba and want him to continue with the job.

Workers from Kitwe yesterday trooped to Mr Walamba's office to assure him of
their support and protest against charges by the dissolved Nkana branch execu-
tive and shop stewards who last Sunday called for his resignation.

Workers condemned former branch chairman Mr Roy Yumbe who was chairman of the
meeting which made the charges, saying the action was uncalled for because he
was part of the management that had not done anything to sort out problems for
which they blamed Mr Walamba.

Mr Walamba said yesterday he did not want to comment until after the elections
of the new branch executive. He said it was unfortunate that Mr Yumbe had de-
cided to use a public platform to condemn an executive of which he was a

trustee.

Meeting over the weekend, Nkana branch officials and shop stewards called on
Mr Walamba to resign because he had allegedly failed to solve workers' griev-
ances submitted to his office.

Meanwhile, Zana reports that 21 people successfully filled their nominations
for the MUZ Nkana branch elections scheduled for today, returning officer Mr
Francis Kunda said.

All members of the former executive dissolved last week by the Industrial
Relations Court following a successful petition were among those who filed

their nominations.

Mr Yumbe and leader of the petitioners Mr Moses Bwalya were the only candi-
dates for the chairmanship while four miners will contest the post of
vice-chairman.

Mr Kunda said the nominations were conducted peacefully despite the "explosive
atmosphere" that followed the dissolution of the previous executive.



SOUTH AFRICA

INCREASE OF BLACK SCHOOLCHILDREN REPORTED
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 May 84 p 5

[Text] THE number of black schoolchildren in South Africa had increased from
some 800 000 in the 1950s to more than five-million today, and the Department
of Education and Training (Det) was faced with a massive and extremely sensi-
tive task which was by its very nature a political one, the minister, Mr
Barend du Plessis, said on Friday.

Speaking at the start of the budget debate on his portfolio, he said the De-
partment employed more than 40 000 black teachers at over 7 000 schools, with
annual additional pupil registrations amounting to more than 60 000.

“We construct between 11 and 14 additional classrooms per working day and we
find ourselves daily and continuously in a crush where our efforts are con-
centrated on helping a mass of people to help themselves.

"We are a labour intensive industry, irreversibly bound to a high degree of
manual labour," Mr Du Plessis said.

However welcome, contributions from well-meaning bystanders on the sidelines
could not make a substantial and lasting impression on progress.

"Essentially, the momentum for the ultimate successful fulfilling of our lofty
ideals in black education must come from within the communities themselves."

Whites

White teachers could supplement the teaching force in black education only to
a very limited extent, and this would be the cage even if education were in-
tegrated into a single department.

Teachers for black children would have to come from the black community it-
self and it was therefore essential to re-educate teachers and upgrade their
qualifications, as well as to ensure teachers of the right quality were re-
cruited and trained in sufficient numbers, he said.

The Department had, however, suffered greatly at the hands of less lLabour-

intensive, more capital-intensive institutions, particularly the private sec-
tor, which had lured some of its best teachers to greener pastures.

51



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS' STANDARD OF LIVING INCREASES 'DRAMATICALLY'

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 May 84 p 4

(Editorial: . "GST Shock"]

[Text]

THE VIEW that the massive Gen-
eral Tax Sales increases that have’
shocked almost everybody, will not
hit the black community that hard is
yather short-sighted because even if
a number of basic consumer prod-
ucts will not be in the increased tax
bracket, the situation in the country
has somewhat changed.

It cannot be said that only blacks
would “benefit” from the tax exemp-
tions on staples because many whites
these days use these products. The
days are gone when only blacks, for
instance, used the humble staple
food — mealie meal. Many whites
have found it cheaper to eat it these’
days.

On the other hand, the standard
of living for blacks has crept up
quite dramatically. There are many
goods which were considered luxury
items by the majority of blacks just
a few years ago which have become
common in our living.

The number of black people who
own cars these days has tripled.
There are quite a number of white-
collar workers who drive the most
expensive cars on the market. As
many of us are building and buying
homes, the standard of household

goods for blacks has shot up phe-

nomenally. There are many homes
in the townships which boast some
of the most expensive furniture in

4g

the stores.

The conventional wisdom that
poor people buy cheap is also not
entirely true. In fact even in the days
of desperately low wages, blacks
used to buy expensive goods as they
went for quality. No doubt there are
thousands below the Poverty Datum
Line, who spend more money on the
basic consumer goods. The scene
however is changing fast.

Sunday newspapers yesterday re-
ported that the Minister of Finance
was duplicitous in his last Budget
speech. He swore himself red in the
face that he would not increase GST
and income tax. Not long after that,
he has hit the population with a mas-
sive GST tax increase. Mr Owen
Horwood had argued hotly in Par-
liament that his Budget was sound,
that he could have increased income
and sales tax massively if he had so
wished. It seems something made
him change his mind drastically and
hastily. :

What is most perturbing for us is
the control that will be exercised in
black stores — the little shops in the
townships. We cannot be that sure
that shopkeepers will not simply add
on their own estimated kind of tax,
and how will this be checked. True
we might take our custom away
from them, but you do not jump into
a train to buy a bag of mealie meal
from town all the time.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

LABOR UNREST~-MORE than 1000 workers were involved in labour unrest over dis-
missals and trade union recognition in Johannesburg and Springs this week.
About 200 workers at Edison Electro Plating in Benrose were fired after man-
agement had accused them of belonging to the Steel Engineering and Allied
Workers' Union. The union's general secretary, Mrs Jan Hlongwane, said sever-
al attempts by the union to meet management on the issue were unsuccessful.
The union has asked for legal advice on the matter. More than 50 workers at
the Carlton Hotel in Johannesburg were yesterday ordered off the premises
after a two-day go-slow demanding a minimum wage of R350 per month. Manage-
ment was busy with negotiations with the Commercial Catering and Allied
Workers' Union of SA (Ccawusa) representing the workers by late yesterday. At
four other hotels--Sandton Sun, Landrost, Parklane and Rand International
Hotel--over 200 workers yesterday continued their go-slow demanding a R350 per
month minimum wage and that management recognise their union (Ccawusa). About
700 workers at East Rand Gold and Uranium company reported back to work yes-
terday after management had promised to negotiate with the National Union of
Mineworkers. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 11 May 84 p 2]

BOYCOTT HURTS BUS COMPANY--CISKEI Transport Corporation (CTC), target of a
10-month bus boycott, has cut its bus fleet by half and retrenched 449 work—
ers. A spokesman estimates that the boycott has cost CTC about R5-million,
leading the Corporation to dispose of 180 of its original fleet of 360 buses.
Public Relations Manager of the Ciskei People's Bank, Mr Wessel van Wyk, said,
however, that the financial loss was no longer escalating. "We have restruc-
tured and rationalised our operation in view of the boycott. Our remaining
600 staff are now all on full pay and we don't foresee any further retrench-
ments," he said. Mr Van Wyk said the drastic reduction in buses and staff
meant CIC could continue operating with only the present number of passengers
using the service. "But in the long term we will have to improve these num-
bers to make the service profitable," he said. "Already we have a slight up-
turn in the number of passengers we are carrying, but I can't give percentages
at the moment." Mr Van Wyk appealed to the boycotters to understand that the
corporation could make no further concessions. "There is no more the company
can give. We have cut costs to the bone and passed all the benefit on to the
commuters. We have gone as far as we can go without closing down the com-
pany." Boycotts began when CTC increased its bus fares by about 10 percent.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 May 84 p 2]

3°



The fact that this attempt was made public by Prince Mfansibili and not
Bhekimpi was in itself significant. Bhekimpi himself is not usually reticent
on matters of state, and as if to put Mfansibili in his place, he then made
two major statements. In the first he described himself as “the man in
authority on behalf of the institution of the monarch", charging that some of
the "ever-so-law-abiding Swazis have forgotten as to who is responsible for
the monarchy". He also admitted political unrest: "some dissidents are for-
ever grumbling". His second statement appealed to the public to report the
presence of foreigners, in particular the ANC, but it gave the impression of
warning people against a more intangible enemy: "strangers have been found
all over the country, even at the university. From where they emerge no-one
knows".

Another ambitious man is the managing director of the privileged royal Tibiyo
Taka Ngwane Fund, Dr Sishaya Nxumalo, whose promotion last November to minis—
ter of finance underlines his powerful position, But the biggest threat to
the Bhekimpi administration is the modernist faction of the educated urban
elite. This was symbolized last year by ex-Queen Dzeliwe, whose key support—
ers have therefore found it possible to adopt the new queen as a symbol, Her
unifying influence has lent the liberal grouping new strength, so much so that
Bhekimpi was forced to agree to the release of the imprisoned politicians, in-
cluding Princes Sulumlolo and Thundukula, Arthur Khosa (who advised Dzeliwe to
challenge the attempt to dethrone her in court) and Douglas Lukhele, her
lawyer.

In view of the rank of these opponents, Bhekimpi, himself a respecter of rank,
is personally inclined to compromise with the Ntombi faction, but may be pre~

vented, not only by his ambitious colleagues but by his now public commitment
to South Africa, which most of the modernists do not share.

cso: 3400/972

39



SOUTH AFRICA

COLUMNIST COMMENTS ON FORMATION OF AFRIKANER VOLKSWAG
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 May 84 p 4

[Article by Aggrey Klaaste in the "On The Line" column: "Trekking Nowhere"]

f the Great Trek, even as a-20th Cen-
tury update, is it’s so awfully boring.

It is coincidence, perhaps more aptly poetic
justice, that the drama was re-enacted in Skil-
pad Hall — you cannot get more somnambulant
or duller than that. A skilpad, just in case you
are that dumb, is a tortoise. This interweaves
almost drowsily with other Afrikaner historic
mementoes like the ox-waggon, koeksusters
and the laager.

I chanced on this piece in The Star, which
in a manner of speaking, reflects the pathos,
the loneliness, the Calvanist Rip van Winkle
and strait-jacket mentality that might drive!
you up the wall, or to sleep. But it can be as’
dangerous as a rattle-snake in its old-fash-
ioned intensity and passion.

[Text] Ts trouble with the great human drama
ol

You have never met so many self-righteous
people who believe their history has a special
umbilical thread with Paradise, or a hot-line
to heaven. This is how the story is treated in
The Star: “Few events have spotlighted the.
loneliness, bitterness and frustration of the
-Afrikaner right as has the official launching of
its new cultural organisation.

Solid Front

“The official founding of the Afrikaner
Volkswag took place in the Skilpad Hall in
Pretoria on Friday and Saturday morning (last
week). More than 7000 men, women and
children, some of them from as far as the
Western Cape, packed the -hall to become
founder members of what they hoped would
be a solid front of all the forces to the right of
the National Party.”

Ir may have alluded to this before, but I have

uy

jtecently read The Covenant, which is a mas-
sive novel by James Michener on the story of
the Afrikaner people, in all its poignant chapt-
ers (the story not the book). It tells about the
reasons those gnarled trekboers took away
from the shackles of British control — or any
other form of control it would seem — to start
their march into the interior. And at the same
time create the unique story of South Africa
we have today. It tells of heart-rending events
like ‘Slagtersnek’ rebellion when boers
were hanged for ctimes against their servants,
it tells of the concentration camps after the
Anglo Boer War, it tells of the Battle of Blood
River — with a particularly good account of
Dingane’s army and its excellent military dis-
plays.

The book is not very absorbing, and often
not entirely historically correct. The copy I
have, incidentally, was given to me by an el-
derly American’s wife who found a thousand
or more pages of South African history, even
by Michener, simply too much diet for the
nerves.

Now many years later the same calls to the
Afrikaner blood were revitalised at the Skil-

. pad Hall. The world, including South Africa,

has taken on giant strides in many ways and it

is almost with compassion that one reads
about these people valiantly attempting to
push the historic process a century or so back.
‘These incredible Afrikaners are back on the
road. There is no longer an interior. There is
nowhere to run to this time, both figuratively
and literally.

So the Afrikaners will stand or kneel by
their covenant with God and, er. . . well
pray or fight.

According to other newspaper reports, the



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

MINERAL PRODUCTION FIGURES--The national director of geology and mining indus—-
try, Augusto de Araujo, disclosed to ANGOP [Angolan Press Agency] that, during
1983, Angola produced 1,033,812 karats of diamonds, 1,403 cubic meters of
black granite and 100 linear meters of marble. These figures, from which the
production of quartz. and phosphate are excluded, resulted in about 78.7 per—
cent. fulfillment of the plan for diamonds, and 100 percent for marble, while
the granite production plan was exceeded by 43 percent. Augusto de Araujo
said that supplementary efforts will be expended in other areas of mining
exploitation, such as phosphates for agriculture, quartz and iron ore, and
research on the impounding of subterranean water for the population. By way
of example, he stressed that, for the phosphate meal, a plan has been put into
execution aimed at reactivating the phosphate prodiction complex in the
province of Zaire, which has been shut down for 2 years; and the resumption of
iron exploitation in the Kassinga mines, in Huila, is also anticipated soon.
As for the glass and cement industries, Augusto Araujo said that they are
supplied by their own quarries, and hence are dissociated from the mining
industry. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 22 Apr 84 p 1] 2909

HUILA'S EDIPESCA FISH FIGURES--A report provided to ANGOP indicates that
EDIPESCA [Regional Enterprise for Fishing] in Huila sold 1,300 tons of frozen
fish and 400 tons of dried and semi-cured fish to the population during the
past 3 months, for approximately 90 million kwanzas. According to the docu-
ment, the fish distribution was not the most feasible type, because of the 13
municipalities in the province, some did not benefit from this important food”
for various reasons, such as lack of transportation and systems to preserve
the product, and the politico-military situation. In this connection, as
ANGOP learned, the municipality of Lubango was the most benefited in terms

of quantity (900 tons), while the municipalities of Chicomba, Gambos, Cuvango
and others received ridiculous amounts, owing to the reasons already cited.
The report notes that the fish consumed in the province accounts for only

63 percent of the supply of dried and semi-cured fish planned. [Text] [Luanda
JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 22 Apr 84 p 2] 2909

19



CLOSE RELATIONS WITH DPRK REPORTED

Victoria NATION in English 10 May 84 p 1

[Text]

Assembly Delegation

THE visiting delegation from
the Supreme People’s Assem-
bly of the DPRK took a day off
talks with party and govern-
ment leaders yesterday to visit
agricultural, education and in-
formation establishments on
Mahé.

Led by Mr. Yang Hyong
Sop, Chairman of the Standing
Committee of the Supreme
People’s Assembly, and ac-
companied by Member's of
Seychelles’ own People’s As-
sembly, the four-man delega-
tion visited Radio-Television
Seychelles’ TV_ studios’ at
Hermitage, the cinnamon dis-

tillery at Anse aux Pins and the
Anse Royale campus of the
Seychelles Polytechnic.

After a visit to Praslin today,
the Korean visitors will visit the
Ste. Anne National Youth
Service Village on Friday.

The delegation, which has
met Head of State and SPPF
leader Albert René, Seychelles
People’s Progressive Front
Secretary-General Guy Sinon,
People’s Assembly Chairman
John Mascarenhas and other
SPPF and Government leaders
over the past few days, leaves
the Republic on Sunday.

Cement, Other Gifts

Victoria NATION in English 11 May 84 pp 1, 10

[Text]

A SHIP bearing a gift of
500 tonnes of cement and
education, sports and
creche equipment should
arrive in Seychelles from
the Democratic People’s
Republic of Korea soon,
Minister Maxime Ferrari
was told yesterday during
talks in Pyongyang.
According to reports from

3T

the DPRK capital, the Seychel-
lois Planning and External Re-
lations Minister received an
enthusiastic welcome from
hundreds of cheering people
when he arrived in the country
‘on Tuesday on the last leg of his
Asian tour.

The Minister was met at the
airport by the Vice-Premier
and Foreign Minister, Mr. Kim
Yong Nam, with whom he had

SEYCHELLES



As a leadership and a people's Party, UNIP and Zambians as a whole must face
realities and grapple with the crunch of the country's problems.

The Party chief said UNIP did not thrive on opportunism and had no time "in
the future to expect and expound unachievables".

Referring to the Red Cross Society, Mr Mulemba said the price of the Party in
the organisation was that it had effectively demonstrated its role as a pro-
vider of first aid training, ambulance services, blood transfusion, nursing
and community health services "which constitute immeasurable social benefits
to all age groups across the nation".

Earlier, Dr Nalumango announced that Mr Henry Siwale, Mr Paxton Chandra and
Mrs Jesse King had been proposed for life membership awards.

cso: 3400/968

68



AZAPO Charges 'Whitewash' of Medical Arsociation

(SOWETAN, 7 May 84)

Statement Released
Editorial Comment

Briefs

SWAZILAND

Labor Unrest

Boycott Hurts Bus Company
Black Drivers Sacked

Charles Sebe's Trial

Armed AV Man

Urban Foundation Housing
Voter Registration Figure
Visits for Security Prisoners

Bhekimpi Government Experiences Increasing Difficulties

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 25 Apr 84)

TANZANIA
Briefs
Comoran Air Pact
Evaluation of Socialist Construction
‘Fifth Columists' Uncovered
ZAMBIA

Invisible Payments, Capital Outlay Caused Huge Deficit

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 10 May 84) .

NCU Depots in Border Areas Planned

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 8 May 84) ..

Transport Industry Faces Collapse, Says Madondo nos
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL! 9 May 84)..ecesscecececccedechecstteeseees
Fy

UNIP Official on Economic Problems

(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 9 May 84)

Miners Rally Behind MUZ Chairman Walamba

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 9 May 84) ..

ZCS To Earn Increased Foreign Exchange

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 9 May 84) ..

Investment Pact With Interagra Signed

Briefs

(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 9 May 84)

Reorganization of Agriculture
Paper Mill Layoffs

53

5D
55
56
56

56
oT
oT

58

60
60
61

62

65

67

69

71

72

Th
TH


ZCS TO EARN INCREASED FOREIGN EXCHANGE

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 9 May 84 p 2

[Text]

cso:

ZAMBIA

ZAMBIA Sugar Company (ZSC) will earn K500,000 in foreign exchange this

year from exports of molasses to Zimbabwe whose delivery has already

started.

3400/968

Confirming the com-
pany’s determination to
boost the country’s forex
coffers, an Indeco
spokesman said yester-
day that the subsidiary
had started shipment of
1,000 tonnes of brown
sugar to Burundi through
Mpulungu port.

But according to the depart-
ment of foreign trade in the
Ministry of Commerce and In-
dustry jate last month, sugar
was on the list of 21 essentials
whose exports from Zambia
had been banned.

The spokesman assured that
the exports were going on with
the full knowledge and ap-
proval of Government autho-
tities.

“Zambia Sugar Company
has signed a contract with the
Zimbabwe Cold Storage Com-
mission for the supply of
molasses to the drought
stricken areas of Zimbabwe
and this is expected to earn
Zambia K500,000 in foreign
exchange.”

He explained that the export
of molasses follows the record
harvest of more than one

71

million tonnes of cane at
Nakambala Estates in the 1983
season from which 132,000
tonnes of raw sugar was pro-
duced.

Noting that the year’s cane
sugar harvest resulted in a
record production of molasses,
he assured local farmers that
they would not be deprived of
their supply of molasses
because of the Zimbabwe ex-
port deal.

While exporting the surplus,
the company was actively seek-
ing to promote local sales of
molasses which are an impor-
tant source of nutrition for
livestock.

He recalled that in the last .

four years the company had
been exporting molasses worth
K330,000 a year and pledged
that the trend would continue.
ZSC has built a new 6,000-
tonne molasses tank to im-
prove storage capacity, he said.

Meanwhile, the Dairy Pro-
duce Board (DPB) has em-
barked on quality control
measures for its products in-
cluding milk in a bid to cut
down on production costs.



In Chililabombwe shop stewards of the Konkola branch of MUZ have passed a vote
of no confidence in almost the entire executive committee and called on them
to resign immediately to pave way for fresh elections, reports zana.

Branch chairman, Mr Mufo Nkunika, the only committee member not affected by
the development, confirmed this yesterday but declined to discuss the matter
further.

He said an urgent meeting would be convened this week to discuss the matter.

cso: 3400/968

70



cso:

3400/968

Other areas agreed upon were
the supply of steel sheets and tin-
plates-and the utilisation of new
agricultural technology by Zam-
bia commercial and small scale
farmers through ‘the Zambian
co-operative movement.

_ Gen. Chinkuli told Mr Dou-
meng that his decision to invest in
Zambia was a practical demonst-
ration of the confidence which his
country has for this nation.

And Mr Doumenge, who has
been in the country since Satur-
day at the invitation of President
Kaunda, said although ‘his visit
was private, he nonetheless wis-
shed to see the development of
healthy relations between France
and Zambia.

13



the Revolutionary Government and COPWE and said that much as the country's
mainstay is agriculture, its wealth mostly emerge from the proper use of its
soil and manpower. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 May
84 p 1)

PARTY FORMATION--Discussions were held here yesterday by workers of different
organizations in connection with the forthcoming tenth anniversary celebra-
tion of the Ethiopian Revolution and the Formation of the Workers Party of
Ethiopia. The workers were those of the Telecommunications Authority, the
Addis Ababa Water Supply and Sewerage Services Authority, the Ethiopian Domes-
tic distribution Corporation, the Rental Housing Administration and the Ethi-
opian Tourist Trade Corporation. During the meetings, organized by the COPWE
primary organizations, the workers were briefed on the significance of the
Marxist-Leninist party, the movement of the international proletariat and the
question of organization. At the opening of the meeting held at different
assembly halls, primary COPWE organization representatives called on workers
to fulfil their duties in the political field and in areas of production in
the light of the forthcoming Revolution day anniversary and party formation.
[Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 6 May 84 p 1] Discussion
forums were held yesterday for the benefit of employees of the Ministry of
Labour and Social Affairs and the Rental Housing Administration as part of the
preparations for the tenth anniversary of the revolution and party formation.
Briefings were given on the history of proletarian struggle, party formation,
and the Popular Revolution in the perspective of organization. Comrade Capt.
Tesfa Abebe and Abebe Hassan, COPWE basic organization representative for the
Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and the Rental Housing Administration,
respectively spoke at the two separate gatherings stressing the significance
of party formation and the tenth anniversary of the Revolution and of the
importance attached to preparations for the dual historic event. [Text]
[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 3 May 84 p 1]

DETAILS ON AEPA--The third regular meeting of the Central Committee of the
All-Ethiopia Peasants Association (AEPA) opened at the association's assembly
hall here yesterday. The meeting was opened by Comrade Abdella Sonessa,
Chairman of AEPA, who presented the progress report of the Central Committee
of AEPA. In his report, Comrade Abdella disclosed that as a result of the
effort to organize the peasantry, 1,275 producers' cooperatives embracing over
79,800 members have been established at all levels, 129 of which are legally
certified. The AEPA Chairman also revealed that over 3,800 service coopera~
tives have been made operational to provide service to over 4,000,000 families
organized under 16,845 kebele peasants associations. Comrade Abdella also
pointed out that due to the conductive atmosphere created by the Revolution
and the active participation of the peasantry in development activities, 90
clinics, 192 formal schools, 2,356 stores, 1,311 grain mills and similar other
facilities have been brought into service. [Excerpt] [Addis Ababa THE ETHI-
OPIAN HERALD in English 1 May 84 pp 1, 5]

Uy 2

cso: 3400/970

30



the little that is produced, in most instances, does not reach the consumer,
because of detrimental factors associated with the marketing and removal of
these products. Although this, too, is not a problem associated merely with
the ministry that you head, what is your view regarding it?

Kimba: In fact, we must admit that the distribution is not currently satisfy-
ing our population, a fact that, in itself, is only aggravating the already
low . productivity of the agricultural sector. Meanwhile, with regard to
this problem, we have proposed concrete measures to the Ministry of Internal
Trade, and within a few days, we shall sign a protocol for joint agreement.
This protocol stipulates that the enterprises of the two ministries most
directly linked with the matter are to make agreements in which a determina-
tion will be made of which side is to blame for the damage resulting from
the failure to remove products and their resultant spoilage. Hence, up until
now we have noted a lack of sensitivity among the internal trade enterprises
toward our products which are considered "perishable." We think that when
they start to have greater sensitivity toward those products and feel respon-
sible for removing them the work will be accomplished with greater speed.

We also think that another solution to’ the problem would be to enable the
producing enterprises themselves, whether they be state-owned, private, mixed
or cooperative, to market their own products in stalls in the public markets

or in appropriate shops that would be indicated by us. But, of course, this
means that they would have facilities of their own available, such as vehicles,
scales, etc., and they would have the proper permission from the Ministry of
Internal Trade. For example, we could set aside a certain store for the Kuanza
Bengo Complex to market its products. But, in order to have that happen, it
would have to be given credentials by MINCI.

Another system that we also regard as practical is the possibility that the
hotel units might make contracts with the agricultural producing enterprises,

in which it would also be specified whether the purchasing enterprise itself

is responsible for transporting the products, or the seller. What we are
seeking with all this is to prevent, to the maximum possible extent, any middle-
men coming between buyers and sellers.

J.A.: But does this system take into consideration potential diversions of
products for speculation?

Kimba: We have taken this factor into account, for which we already have a
model guide that allows for the free circulation of agricultural products,
the control of which is exercised in cooperation with the Ministries of Inte-
rior and Internal Trade. Although this control is not efficient at present,
we think that, in the future, with the force of certain measures-:and the aid
of the people's own vigilance, everything will work better.

J.A.: The comrade minister took up the question of technical-material support
to the peasants very briefly, and with certain features. We would like you
to discuss the question in greater depth, mentioning concrete prospects.

16



2. There is no real coordination between French government departments.
Cheysson's ministry is now taking the lead on the Mayotte issue, but the -over-
seas departments' secretariat, the prime Minister's office and the Elysee all
continue to take an interest. When former ambassador Jean-Pierre Campredon
led a mission to the Comoros in February to discuss details of a handover
agreement, he missed his objectives largely because of inadequate preparation.

3. President Abdallah is planning to stand for re-election as Comorian pres—
ident before the end of 1984. Domestic opposition groups, led by the Front
Democratique, but including a number of Comorian technocrats, are arguing that
the spectacle of President Abdallah's manipulation of the election and arrest
of political opponents will do nothing to change the Mahorais' minds about
joining the Comoros.

4. Most important of all, the three Mayotte representatives (deputy Jean Paul
Hory, Senator Marcel Henry and president of the general council, Younoussa
Bamana) are all against cession to the Comoros. Hory, who is also secretary-
general of the Movement des Radicaux de Gauche party, the junior member of
France's coalition government, has been particularly adept at recruiting sup-
port in France. His argument that the status of Mayotte can only be changed
by a referendum of the Mahorais, attracts support from representatives of
other overseas departments and territories. It also has the support of the
French right, who argue that the constitution forbids the cession of any
French territory without consulting the local populace in a referendum.
Recent stories in the French right-wing press that Belgian mercenary Bob
Denard, one of President Abdallah's key supporters, plans to invade Mayotte
with a mercenary force, are signs of skilful rumour-mongering by the Mahorais
representatives and their friends. Hory has promised to try and lead his
party out of the coalition government if Mayotte loses its French status.

The Strategic Stakes

Developments on Mayotte are of interest to the other powers which have an in-
terest in the Indian Ocean. The most closely involved is South Africa, which
has made considerable penetration in the Comoros in recent years, largely
through Denard's mercenaries. Denard and Commandant Charles, head of Presi-~
dent Abdallah's bodyguard, arranged Abdallah's secret trip to Pretoria in
April 1983. South African plans to develop the Comoros as a holiday centre
were abandoned, partly because of pressure from France and Saudi Arabia.
South Africa continues to look for openings.

There is also growing South African influence in the Seychelles (AC Vol 24 No
17) which gives a discreet welcome to South African tourists and has softened
its foreign policy stance since the appointment of rising star Maxime Ferrari
as foreign minister to replace the pro-Soviet Jacques Hodoul. In December
1983 the South African security services acted promptly to break up a con-
spiracy to destabilise the Seychelles government of President Albert Rene.
(Three years before the South Africans turned a blind eye to the invasion
plans of mercenary Mike Hoare, now in jail in South Africa). The South
Africans will also be watching who replaces left-winger Guy Sinon, soon to
retire as secretary-general of the ruling Seychelles People's Patriotic Front

(SPPF).

22



J.A. In the past, the Ministry of Agriculture imported a large amount of machin-
ery which is, nevertheless, idle. What, specifically, has happened to it,
and what are the solutions?

Kimba: What has happened is that we confined ourselves to purchasing, without
providing for the maintenance conditions. There are no spare parts, nor is
there technical assistance. And this is the result. Not until now has the
ministry considered creating maintenance structures. We are of the opinion
that the best thing would be to make those selling machinery, in the future,
install maintenance structures and provide technical assistance in the coun-
try.

J.A.: The final question that we would like to ask you is related to the |
service that is to be given to the coffee sector in the near future.

Kimba: We have a program for this sector devised in accordance with the emergen-
cy program, the fulfillment of which extends until 1986. For this plan, and
based on our objectives, we have set as goals the attainment of figures amount-
ing to 38,000 tons during the agricultural year 1983-84, 48,000 tons in the
1984-85 agricultural year and 56,000 tons in 1985-86. For this purpose, we
must undertake a series of activities ranging from the recovery of nearly
90,000 hectares that are currently abandoned, to the integration of almost 30
workers into this sector. However, this is associated with the state sector.

We also realize that there is the peasant sector engaged in coffee growing. For
this sector there is a sub-program that will begin with the removal of the
previous production that is still being held by the peasants. As a second step,
we shall create agrarian development enterprises that we have cited before,
specifically for the coffee-growing sector, which will also oversee the improve-
ment of the marketing system and support for the peasants who are engaged in
coffee-growing. In brief, these are the features for which we are striving.

2909
CSO: 3442/361

18



MOZAMBIQUE

RNM REPORTEDLY AT MAPUTO'S FRONT DOOR
Lisbon 0 DIABO in Portuguese 17 Apr 84 p 20

[Article by Filipe de Oliveira: "Maputo Increasingly Threatened by RENAMO
Guerrillas"]

[Text] Harare--At present Maputo is facing the most serious threat since Mozam-
bique became independent in June 1975, because the guerrillas from RENAMO, or
Mozambican National Resistance, are now operating a fewkilometers from the capi-
tal.

In December of last year, about 100 RNM combatants crossed the Incomati and
began launching attacks in the Maputo area; but up until now, the government
forces have proven incapable of detecting or confronting those guerrilla fight-
ers.

Moamba, a settlement 40 kilometers from the capital, and Marraquene (only 30
kilometers away) have also had their respective headquarters attacked and
destroyed. The international railroad between Maputo and South Africa was
sabotaged during February, 22 kilometers from Maputo, between the latter city
and Moamba. Meanwhile, several clashes took place only 7 kilometers from the
city's outskirts. ‘

For a long time, the connections to the North have been under the guerrillas'
surveillance and control. Now, the routes to the West (leading to South Africa
and Swaziland) are starting to be affected. Finally, last week, the greatest
attack that has taken place in the Moamba area aroused fear among the citizens
in the capital itself: Maputo remained in darkness. The cables from South
Africa of a power transformer substation were sabotaged and destroyed by the
rebels near Moamba.

It should be noted that the electricity consumed by Maputo originates in the
South African Republic. The old thermal powerplant which operated with coal,
located in the area surrounding the city, will have only enough power to supply
its vital points. Near the capital there is reportedly a group of.old genera-
tors belonging to the railroads, and operating with gas oil. However, they are
said to have a very low output, and at this point there may not be enough fuel
in Maputo to allow for their operation.

31



accompanied by a commentary by the secretary general of the MPLA~Labor Party,
Lucio Lara, who expressed the view that "the enemy has become more dangerous

in its desperation." But it was the Soviet and Yugoslav news agencies, TASS
and TANJUG, which gave figures: The former noted about 100 fatalities, includ-
ing "Cuban civilian specialists," and the latter cited 20 Cubans and 10 Angolans
killed, in addition to 70 wounded.

Hours later, in Paris, UNITA took credit for the act, and claimed that 200
persons had been killed, including three Soviet lieutenant colonels and 37
Cuban senior officers. Not until Monday did the Angolan agency ANGOP, give
the official number of dead: 24 persons, 14 of whom were Cuban: civilians and
10 were Angolan students and workers.

On Tuesday, before going to London, where he submitted to the Foreign Office
the conditions for the release of 16 British subjects held hostage in Angola,
the UNITA leader, Tito Chinguji, stated that the guerrillas from the movement
would now start carrying out urban guerrilla operations, predicting that the
Cubans "will leave soon."

In view of this latest violent act condemned by France ("there is no justifica-
tion for blind terrorism," remarked a spokesman in Paris), UNITA seems to want
‘to show by force its "weight" in the Angolan-South African maneuver, attempting
to get ahead of a negotiated solution between Luanda and Pretoria, which might
possibly include the withdrawal of the Cubans, and which, along with the mili-
tary reinforcement of the Angolan forces, could bring about a reduction in the
amount of pressure brought to bear by Savimbi's guerrillas.

2909
CsO: 3442/357

13



INVESTMENT PACT WITH INTERAGRA SIGNED

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 9 May 84 p 1

[Text]

A FRENCH conglomerate, Interagra, has agreed to fina-
nce various projects in Zambia, which include a:10,000 he-
ctare farm, and the rehabilitation of the TAZAMA pipe-

line.

An agreement was signed
yesterday in the office of Prime
Minister Nalumino Mundia, by
Intéragra chairman, Mr Jean-
Baptiste Doumeng, and Minister
of Agriculture and Water Deve-
fopment, General Kingsley Chi-
nkuli.

Speaking before the signing
ceremony, Mr Mundia said Zam-
bia was proud to be associated
with the French company which
has investments all over the world
and assured Mr Doumeng that
the politically stable climate in
the country was suitable for inve-

stment.

He added that Zambia was stri-
ving to recover from her economic
problems and would do her best
to co-operate with ‘the French
company in order to ensure the
success of the agreement.

The farm will be established on
the Copperbelt and will produce
wheat, maize, ‘soya beans and
stock feed. It will also cater for
development of a dairy industry
in which 10,000 cows will be im-
ported.

In addition, storage facilities,
cattle feed mills and other facili-
ties will be established for the
successful implementation of the
farm project.

Zambia will make a cash down-
payment equal to 15 or 20 per
cent of the total amount of the fo-
reign exchange component of the
necessary investment and wil]

Te

also be responsible for salaries,
accommodation, transport and
medical expenses for the Zam-
bian experts.

Interagra will, on the other
hand, take care of salaries, air
tickets between Paris and Lusaka
and costs of various necessary
studies and analys¢s which ‘will
be done in France.

On the rehabilitation of the TA-
ZAMA pipeline, the Zambian
government presented a copy of

“the feasibilty study carried out,
and stated that Interagra was free
to submit a bid when the tenders
are invited. The project is schedu-
led to cost over K12 million.

In the transport sector, it was
proposed that French specialists
be provided to refurbish existing
vehicles such as Mercedes Benz,
Volvo and Mack and the importa-
tion of trucks provided by Intera-
gra, was considered.

The company will also study
the possibility of creating work-
shops and factories to provide
maintenance and fabrication of
spare parts and other implements
and will provide training pro-
grammes.

The company will also provide
assistance in the rehabilitation of
the electricity supply network for
Lusaka Urban District Council at
the cost of about K65 million over
a period of two years.

ZAMBIA


Johannesburg yesterday, the managing director of the Urban Foundation, Dr !
Robin Lee, said expenditure for the current financial year would amount to
R47-million, which represented an increase of 170 percent over that of the
previous year. Dr Lee said that three of the Urban Foundation's major spon-
sors had announced an increase of 25 percent--about R500 000-~-in their annual
contribution. The money would be donated over a five-year period. "Approxi-
mately R37-million, or 78 percent, is earmarked for residential development
and eight percent for education and training. Smaller amounts will be ex-
pended on enterprise development, research and a number of smaller projects,"
Dr Lee said. The proposed housing scheme for the Mzimhlophe families, who are
living in squalid conditions, is still to be approved by the Diepmeadow Town
Council. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 11 May 84 p 1]

VOTER REGISTRATION FIGURE--A total of 39 063 applications for registration as
voters was received from Coloureds and Indians between March 1 and the end of
last month, the Minister of Internal Affairs, Mr F W de Klerk, said yesterday.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 May 84 p 4]

VISITS FOR SECURITY PRISONERS--CATEGORY A security prisoners will in future be
considered for greater contact with their families during visits, the Commis-
sioner of Prisons, Lieutenant-General W H Willemse, announced in Pretoria yes-
terday. The announcement is in line with a policy statement two years ago by
the Minister of Justice. These are prisoners, security or otherwise, who have
earned their status through good behaviour while serving sentences. A state-
ment issued on behalf of Gen Willemse by the liaison office of the SA Prison
Services said: "The Commissioner of Prisons announces that with due cogni-
sance of security measures, the availability of facilities and a prisoner's
behaviour and adaptation, the heads of prisons can in future also consider
granting the privilege of contact visits to members of the family (husband,
wife, child, father, mother, brother and sister) of security prisoners in A
category. This step forms part of the policy in this regard which was an-
nounced in the House of Assembly on May 12, 1982, by the Honourable Minister
of Justice. Security prisoners are prisoners who were sentenced in terms of
security legislation and who, like other criminals, violated the laws of the
country. They have no status above that of other prisoners and do not deserve
a different approach or different treatment. They must also earn their priv-
ileges and are subjected to the same discipline. They are also expected to
co-operate and act responsibly in order to ensure an orderly prison community
which means that just like all other prisoners, they will be treated with due
cognisance of factors such as security and treatment programmes." [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 May 84 p 17]

csO: 3400/971

oT



ANGOLA

PORTUGUESE COMMENTATOR FORESEES EVENTUAL TAKEOVER BY UNITA
Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 8 Apr 84 p 2

[Article by A. Lorena Birne: "Inevitable Substitution: UNITA Will Overcome
MPLA"]

[Text] Angola which, before the military coup d'etat of 25 April 1974, had
been the Portuguese territory on the African continent in which the guerrillas
were most under control and in which pacification was visible, has since that
date become, among the new states emerging from the coup, the one with the
greatest internal instability. The military government, which granted it
independence in November 1975, after the meeting in Alvor of the three guerril-
la movements that had been operating in the territory, disregarded UNITA
[National Union for the Total Independence of Angola] and FNLA [Angolan
National Liberation Front], and offered the power to MPLA [Popular Movement
for the Liberation of Angola], which was considered avowedly pro-Soviet after
the Portuguese Armed Forces still stationed in Luanda contributed decisively
to the neutralization of the competitors.

The suspicion of the neighboring states and the U.S., evoked by this act,
which pointed to the future instability of the region, prompted the RAS
[Republic of South Africa] to grant military support to UNITA, and Washington,
through Zaire, to grant it to FNLA. MPLA, for its part, aware of its weakness,
sought the aid of Cuba and the USSR. The response was immediate and, promptly,
in November 1975, an airlift was established between Havana and Luanda, with

a stop in the Azores to ensure refueling. The necessary granting of the Lages
facilities by the Lisbon government to Cuba was the deciding factor for

Angola to remain under the control of a pro-Soviet government, and for South-
ern Africa's strategic position to be thoroughly changed in favor of Moscow.

The consequences of this entire process have been extremely detrimental to
Angola.

The flight of the vast majority of its leaders, to both Brazil and Portugal,
immediately destroyed any chances of economic and social development. On the
other hand, the departure from the territory of over half a million people



ETHIOPIA

PEASANTS' ASSOCIATION OUTLINES WORK PROGRAM
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 May 84 pp 1, 2

[Text] The third regular meeting of the committee of the All Ethiopia Pea-
sant's Association wound up here yesterday after approving its work progromme

for the coming six months.

The meeting noted that it was necessary more than ever before to give consid-
erable attention to expand socialist production relations in rural Ethiopia
and to set up and consolidate peasants' producers co-operatives with the aim
of developing the productive forces.

The meeting also stressed the contributions which peasants are making in sup-
port of the rural development endeavours of the Revolutionary Government aimed
at raising the living standard of the masses.

In this regard, the meeting underscored the special responsibility entrusted
to peasants for the success of development projects underway during the
preparation for the tenth anniversary celebration of the Ethiopian Revolution
and for party formation. It called upon the peasants to extend support to
state farms and to rural development projects.

The support which peasants associations should give to families of militiamen
as well as to the handicapped and the attention they should pay to education
and to the literacy programme were also emphasised by the meeting.

A call was also made by the meeting for the co-operation of peasants associa-
tion in controlling illegal trade, implementation of the National Military
Service and the Population Census and Housing Registration Project and the
expansion of campaigns for afforestation.

Closing the meeting, Comrade Abdella Sonnessa, Chairman of the All Ethiopia
Peasants’ Association, said that peasant association officials at different
levels have a heavy responsibility of ensuring that the decisions of the
meeting were translated into deeds. He reminded the participants and the
masses of peasants to prepare themselves for greater victories under the
guidance of the Revolutionary Government and COPWE.

cso: 3400/970

28



[Text]

cso:

NCU DEPOTS IN BORDER AREAS PLANNED

THE Party in collaboration
with the Northern Province
Cooperative Union (NCU) will
set up depots in border areas
to discourage farmers from ex-
changing bags of maize and
beans with goods smuggled
from neighbouring countrics,
Member of the Central Com-
mittee Mr Joseph Mutale has
said. .

Mr Mutale said in Kasama
yesterday the Party had taken
the measures to guard against a
repeat of what happened last
marketing season when some
farmers opted to ‘“‘barter’’
bags of maize and beans for
smuggled goods instead of sell-
ing them to the union.

“The Party will through the
union check this trend of.
events. We are establishing

3400/968

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 8 May 84 p 5

depots in border areas to lessen,
the amount of produce being
smuggled out of the country.”

He was answering questions
‘on what action had been taken
to stop the illegal trade in view
of reports of famine caused by
the prolonged drought.

Last September NCU
general manager Mr Longa
Sichalwe said the union would
not be able to buy the estima-
ted one million bags of mai:
because farmers were exchang-
ing maize and beans wit
goods from neighbouring
countries.

Mr Sichalwe said another
reason was because most
farmers had decided to retain a
portion of their marketable
surplus for consumption.

But he had attributed the
low yields to the wrong ferti-

"estimated

liser which was sent to the pro-
vince.

As a result the NCU only
managed to buy 150,000 bags
of maize out of about 356,000
it had anticipated from Mbala
during the last season.

In Muyombe arca the NCU
bought 60,000 bags out of the
110,000 while
farmers in Nakonde sold
30,000 bags when the union ex-

_Pected 80,000.

Whereas the union bought
1,422 bags of beans from
farmers in Mbala and Isoke
districts the previdus seasori
nothing was offered for sale
Jast year.

Yesterday Mr Mutale said
there were ‘‘some few
characters throughout the pro-
vince bent on smuggling goods
from the country”’.

ZAMBIA


He said because of the huge amounts of deposits needed before buying a vehicle
from the dealers, the truckers are often left without any working capital and
are thus forced to overdraw from their banks.

For instance, where a transporter wants bo buy a Mercedes Benz truck, which
costs K131,000 these days, he is required to pay K80,000 as deposit.

During a snap survey in Lusaka yesterday, it was discovered that in fact motor
dealers over price spares they buy from other motor dealers within the country
and then defend themselves on the pretext that the spares are expensive be-
cause of huge amounts of foreign exchange spent on them.

Mr Madondo deplored the attitude by Zambian exporters and importers who shun
local transpoters in preference to foreign ones. He said this tendency cost
the government millions of Kwacha in foreign exchange.

cso: 3400/968

66


ZAMBIA

UNIP OFFICIAL ON ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 9 May 84 p 5

[Text] PARTY Secretary-General Mulemba yesterday appealed to Zambians to ac-
cept "harsh" measures which were being taken to resuscitate the economy ad-
versely affected by the world recession.

The United National Independence Party (UNIP) did not thrive on opportunism or
popularity at the expense of working out long-term solutions to the country's
economic problems.

Mr Mulemba said this in a speech reach for him by Chairman of the Social and
Cultural Sub-Committee Mr Bob Litana in Lusaka at the awards of life member-
ship by the Zambia Red Cross Society.

The Party chief commended the work of the Red Cross and urged Zambians to
involve themselves in voluntary work which the organisation was involved in.

He said the spirit of self-reliance should be consolidated in the nation.

"Zambians must know that only voluntary efforts, voluntary will and voluntary
zeal can ever change our economic position for the better," said Mr Mulemba.

He told the audience which included Red Cross Society chairman Dr Mashekwa
Nalumango that the world recession had brought "untold suffering" to many
countries including Zambia.

“Those who prefer instant solutions and automatic action must know that there
are no automatic solutions and instant solutions to the problem of the Zambian
economy."

The Party would take bold measures which in the long run should stabilise the
economy while in the short-term Zambians would have to go through hardships.

"The necessary measures are harsh because of the world recession and the need

to strengthen the Zambian economy. Let us not prefer popularity by dreaming
out measures which in no way can answer our problems."

67



Speaking earlier, Comrade Brig. Gen. Solomon Begashaw, Commandant of the Air
Force Training Centre, said that the Air Force is living up to its responsi-
bilities in accordance with directives it receives from the Revolutionary Gov-
ernment and COPWE. He noted the growth and progress of the Air Force as part
of the process of further strengthening the national defence force. He ex-
pressed the Air Force's readiness to pay all sacrifices to defend the Revo-
lution, the country's air space and the territorial integrity of the
Motherland.

Comrade Brig. Gen. Solomon said that the Air Force had organised its schools
and had modernized their curricula. He stated that the cadets, in addition to
military science, had followed university level academic courses and ideologi-
cal education.

When Comrade Chairman Mengistu arrived at the Debre Zeit Air Force compound
yesterday morning, he was welcomed by Comrade Brig.’ Gen. Fanta Belay, Comman-
der of the Revolutionary Ethiopia Air Force and COPWE Central Committee mem~-
ber, and senior force commanders.

A guard of honour which presented arms was later inspected by Comrade Chairman
Mengistu. The cadets made a march past and this followed by the presentation
of cups, prizes and diplomas. :

Following the graduation ceremony, Comrade Chairman Mengistu inspected the
modern food organising and processing unit set up by the Air Force's develop-
ment and production department.

Present at the ceremony were Comrade Fisseha Desta, PMAC Assistant Secretary
General and COPWE Executive Committee member, Comrade Addis Tedla, PMAC Stand-
ing Committee member, Deputy Chairman of the National Revolutionary Develop-
ment Campaign and Central Planning Supreme Council and COPWE Executive Com-
mittee member, Comrade Teka Tulu, PMAC Standing Committee and COPWE Central
Committee member, ministers and other invited guests.

CSO: 3400/970

25



“Our movement must speak boldly and clearly against social evils and advocate
for policies aimed at the socio-economic betterment of the labouring poor

majority."

Trade unionists have been urged to support stability in their countries and
retain the right to criticise national administrations when they depart from
national objectives.

The OATUU has urged trade unions and the governments to ensure that there was
continued dialogue between them.

"the OATUU takes the view that it cannot regard an African government as an
enemy unless it is not acting in the interest of its people.

“We refuse to accept advice from the international organisations which preach
permanent distrust with our governments while they are working very closely
with their governments and political parties,’ the report says.

cso: 3400/968



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

QOATUU CALLS FOR SCRUTINY OF IMF
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 8 May 84 p 1

[Text] THE Organisation of African Trade Union Unity (OATUU) has urged
African governments to take a fresh look into the depth of what the Inter-
national Monetary Fund (IMF) is standing for since its policies have brought
confrontation between workers and their governments.

The annual report of OATUU for 1983 said it was time governments looked into
the IMF's objectives, resources, power structure, facilities for loans, modal-
ity for negotiations and ideology to better understand its "unpopular policies
in our countries" which affect most, the working classes.

"Through its advice, many African governments have taken unpopular decisions
which alienated them from the masses. Protests and demonstrations rejecting
these measures have been common througout the continent for the past couple of
years," the report, released by OATUU secretary general Mr Denis Akumu yester-
day says.

These unpopular measures often advised by IMF include withdrawal of subsidies
from food, petrol and other essential items.

There have been devaluation of local currencies with the subsequent rise of
prices of imported goods and services.

This has led to the increase in unemployment and the decrease in the standard
of living.

The report has urged workers' spokesmen not to betray those they represent.

"This is important as we are likely to witness more conflicts between workers
and governments in future as a result of the pressure by the IMF on govern-
ments to cut down on social services," the report warns. .

The general decline of the economies facing the African countries which is
eroding the workers’ purchasing power may be another area of serious conflict.

"It is important that we defend the interest of the workers honestly and
firmly. It is equally important that we do not condone or join corrupt
practices. .



ANGOLA

MINISTER DISCUSSES ALL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SITUATION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 22 Apr 84 pp 1, 12

[Interview with Agriculture Minister Evaristo Domingos, by. Orlando Bento;
date and location not specified]

[Text] The Ministry of Agriculture will readjust its structures to the:sector's
real situation and progress, including a revision of its organizational sta-
tute, and granting greater autonomy to the provincial structures and. those on
other lower echelons. This measure is aimed at more and better service to the
peasants in the area of technical-material supplies and supplies of goods to.
meet their basic needs. These plans and other current realities involving
MINAGRI are disclosures contained in the interview that the head of this
ministry, Evaristo Domingos ("Kimba"), of the party's Politburo, recently
granted to our newspaper. :

J.A.: The restructuring of the Ministry of Agriculture, aimed at improved
operation of the sector, was recently announced. What action for immediate,
intermediate and long-term‘implementation will be taken” to achieve the
desired revamping?

Kimba: I should say at the outset that the revamping will not be radical, but
is necessary; it will readjust our structures to the cutrent situation; because
the previous organizational statute of the ministry, approved in 1977, is
virtually obsolete. What we want is to adapt our operation to the changes in
the sector's situation. Hence, we intend to give greater autonomy ‘to our
provincial and local structures, which will lend new. dynamics to our work.

Up until now, there has been great centralization among. our. structures, when
we know that agriculture is not carried out. in.offices, but rather in the
countryside. -This will also enable us to take better advantage of the local
initiatives, for the satisfactory Progress of our work. :

We are also considering the: creation of a structure that’ would be concerned
solely with technical-material supplies. Although we have enterprises’ such
as DINAMA, ENAMA and ANGOSEMENTES, there is no centralizing structure on the
ministerial level dealing specifically with the matter of supplies, for
example, such as those of fuel, seed, etc. Up until now, it has been the
planning office that has been concerned with this job. Consequently, this

14



wants to take dramatic
action to show that, de-
spite setbacks by
droughts and business
failures, he will at least
achieve an advance for
all the people on the
land.

To do this he would
have to supply all the
country’s farmers and
would-be farmers each
with 150 acres (includ-
ing 122 arable acres).

The scheme would re-
quire 24,3 million acres,
taking over two-thirds of
all the country’s com-
mercial, mainly white
farmland.

Where would he get
the hundreds of mil-
lions required to do this
and provide the training
needed so that the agri-
cultural produce would
not fall disastrously
when the switch-over
occurred?

State farms

The Zimbabwean gov-
ernment also wants the
new farmers to be
drawn into a co-opera-
tive system. The largely
private enterprise farm-
ing system, under which
Zimbabwe’s present
black farmers have
been brought up, would
be replaced by state-
farming systems.

Unfortunately the
record of state-farming,
co-operative systems in
Africa is unhappy, in-
cluding that in Tanzania
and Ethiopia.

The Zimbabwean
movement into state
farming would come at a

time when the world is
moving into an era
where private enter-
prise, market-based
farmers are providing
the great bulk of the
total food of the world.

Most of the poorly
paid farmers, largely
working on substitute
plots or on state systems
— that is 98 percent of
the world’s farmers —
are-only producing a
quarter of the world’s
food.

Poor whites

The problem in Africa
is that, while drought
can be blamed for some
recent food shortage,
the blame for much
food-supply failure, can
be laid at the door of
the continent’s city-
based governments, who
systematically hold
down food prices in the
hope of giving the new
poor populations of the
cities food cheap
enough to buy.

Even South Africa
which has only recently
been holding its second
Carnegie conference
into the causes of the
-poverty of the majority
of its total population,
must mark this fact and
remember that its first
Carnegie conference
was an investigation of
the poor-white problem.

What little we may
have learnt since then
could be shared out
among all men in
Africa.



MINING FIGURES--During 1983, Angola produced 1,033,812 karats of diamonds and
1,403 cubic meters of black granite, according to a disclosure made to ANGOP
[Angolan Press Agency] on Saturday by the Angolan director of geology and the
mining industry. Not counting the exploration for quartz and phosphates, the
national plans for mining exploration were fulfilled 78.7 percent in the area
of diamonds, 100 percent for marble and 143 percent for granite. Moreover,
Augusto de Araujo said that "supplementary efforts" would be expended in the
other areas of mining exploration, such as phosphates for agriculture, quartz
and iron ore, as well as in those of fishing and impounding underground water
for use by the population. He announced that the phosphate production complex
in the province of Zaire, which was shut down 2 years ago, would be reactivated
and that the resumption of iron exploration in the mines of Cassinga, in Huila,
is anticipated. [Text] [Lisbon DIARIO DE LISBOA in Portuguese 23 Apr 84 p 9]
2909

CSO: 3442/357



201152
JPRS-SSA-84-064

5 June 1984

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Sub-Saharan Africa Report

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INFORMATION SERVICE |
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SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



selves of this degenerat-
ing terminology.”
Referring to a speech in
which Mr Peter Soal (PFP
Johannesburg North)
stated there was a “major
demand” at present for
the release of two pupils
currently being held by
the S.A.Police, Mr Du
Plessis said his informa-
tion was that the two
people concerned, one of

Plea for Action on Black Education

SOUTH Africa would remain saddled
with one crisis after another in Black
education if there was not a change in
Government philosophy, Mr Ken An-
drew (PFP Gardens) said yesterday.

“We must find a way out of the famil-
iar pattern of grievance, boycott,
threats, incidents, police involvement,
more incidents and then endemic un-
rest,” he said in debate on the education
and training vote.

“[ suspect the position is deteriorating
rather than improving.

“I hope I am wrong, but I want to
make an urgent appeal to the Minister
(Mr Barend du Plessis) to take action to
try to prevent schools’ unrest developing
into a major national problem.

Crisis

“We could be facing a crisis of major
proportions in the near future if speedy
corrective action is not taken,” Mr An-
drew said.

Most important of all was the im-
provement of communications through
the establishment of bodies at school le-
vel — democratically elected pupil rep-
resentations — and among parents and
community leaders at community level.

Problems would still occur and to min-
imise and resolve them, the authorities
had to act quickly. and sensibly to elimi-
nate legitimate grievances.

Principals should be assisted to devel-
op conflict regulating skills, and in each

'Flash-Conflict’ Danger in Education

THE | slightest con-
frontation in Black edu-
cation could lead to “a
flash-conflict situation”,
Mr Ron Miller (NRP

43

whom had allegedly tried
to stab a school Principal
at Atteridgeville, had
been released on bail on
Thursday.

Mr Soal earlier urged
the Minister of Law and
Order to bring these two
people to court as soon as
possible “in order that we
may concentrate our at-
tention on educational
matters.”

region, an independent body should be
set up to mediate between the pupils and
the authorities or other parties involved
in disputes.

Enjoy

Such an independent body would
need to enjoy the respect of all parties
and should be a standing committee and
not only constituted after a dispute has
reached crisis proportions.

It would not be easy to get out of the
familiar pattern of unrest at Black
schools but better communication and
mediation could assist considerably, Mr
Andrew said.

Other steps the Minister could take
were to remove inequalities and close
the White/Black per capital expenditure
gap in education.

Race discrimination and patronising
Bantu education mentality should also
be removed and inequalities should not
be entrenched by segregating education
financing.

“These steps could, I believe, improve
a serious and unhappy situation but until
the Government recognises that the
Black people of this country reject
apartheid education and do something
about it, our Black schools and universi-
ties will be plagued with problems and
unrest.

“In practice, separate education will
always mean unequal and inferior edu-
cation for Blacks.” .

Durban North) said yes-
terday.

Speaking in commit-
tee on the Education
and Training vote, Mr



at a time when the imminent death of Generalissimo Franco was already in
sight. Since then, the American policy regarding Angola has been confined
to discreet support for the strategy being pursued by Pretoria, of aiding
UNITA; and, since the arrival of President Ronald Reagan, contributing to
the potential stability of Southern Africa. This contribution has been
translated into both an increase in the pressure on Luanda and the linking
of Namibia's independence to the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angolan
territory, as well as the efforts expended to force MPLA to sit down at the
negotiating table with Savimbi's movement.

Cuba's Role

There has been a great deal of talk about Cuba's involvement in Africa
(generally, with little understanding of the reason), inasmuch as most of
the public seems convinced that Fidel Castro is nothing but a mere lackey of
Moscow.

In fact, the truth is substantially different from this distorted image; and
if, starting in the 1970's, we witnessed the Cuban Army's massive, overt
intervention in the continent, it was due both to Soviet interests and to
Havana's interests in maintaining internal order.

The new Cuban generation, which is separated in time from the one that

made and defended the revolution during the 1950's and 1960's, has observed
the efforts of the older people both to put an end to the country's strict
subordination to the U.S. and to prevent its subjugation to the USSR.

The defeat of Castro's guerrillas in South America, the constant sacrifices
demanded in the nation's defense and the resounding failure of the revolution—
ary offensive of 1968, aimed at winning the country's economic independence,
as well as the failure of the campaign for the harvesting of 10 million tons
of sugar and, finally, topping off this entire struggle lasting for so many
years, the inglorious results reflected in the unconcealable capitulation to
the models and methods of Soviet bureaucracy, with Cuba's entry into CEMA
[Council for Economic Mutual Assistance] and its absolute dependence on the
subsidies from Moscow. On the other hand, the young people who have not
witnessed the battle waged by the country, but who are fully aware of its
painful denouement, have become dissociated from their revolutionary spirit
upon finding, with disenchanting realism, that the living conditions for the
island's 10 million inhabitants are not improving and that the prospects for
the future are far from bright. This increasing demoralization among the
youth had led the Cuban leaders to the classic solution of attempting to
overcome internal problems through foreign policy. The interests of Soviet
expansion in Africa are combined with their own interests in giving the
younger generation an internationalist crusade that would greatly broaden

a horizon that had been narrowing; a situation which assured a renewal of the
morale situation, also affording the anticipation of fruitful economic rela—
tions which, when properly increased, would allow Cuba to become gradually
liberated from the USSR. Moreover, in this respect Angola combined some



completely eradicated both the commercial networks and agriculture. This situ-
ation, combined with MPLA's need to put the largest number of people under its
control, led to an enormous growth in the urban population, causing unsolvable

food shortages.

In terms of foreign trade, Angola, which registered an increment of 4,200
percent in its trade balance between 1968 and 1974, underwent a reduction
estimated at 16 percent between 1974 and 1982, despite the spectacular rise
in the oil industry's prices.

Importance of Angola ‘

In addition to its vast agricultural and mining potential, the country holds
an important geostrategic position in the South Atlantic. Up until 1974, the
West had enjoyed complete security for its ocean routes in that region, owing
to the control wielded over the riparian areas by South Africa, Portugal,
Argentina and Brazil. Starting in 1975, the Soviet presence in Angola was

to change this situation totally, because Moscow, which is MPLA's only guaran-
tee for survival, gained and consolidated a strategic position enabling it,
if necessary, to neutralize the RAS, jeopardize the stability of the countries
of Southern Africa, and » threaten the ocean transportation traversing the
Cape route, which is essential to the industrialized West European countries.

At present, Russia is sending reconnaissance flights to the South Atlantic and
to the RAS, from Angolan territory, using its Bear TU-95's, whose radius of
action exceeds 14,000 kilometers, and which can be refueled in the air.

The South African industrial centers, as well as the secret naval facilities
located in Simonstown, which are essential to guarantee the safety of naviga-
tion, are now completely within the reach of both the Soviet Navy and Soviet
bombers, which could even threaten the eastern coasts of Brazil and Argentina

as well.

That former Portuguese province is, in fact, particularly important to the USSR
because of its geopolitical features: For the first time, Moscow has managed
to project its military power into the South Atlantic. It is mainly concerned
with exploiting the territory's strategic potential, and disposing of the
natural resources that it does not need. To implement this policy it uses

the professional Cuban Army, just as, in history, empires have always used

the troops of states which are its clients.

The U.S., which was overtaken by the events after the coup d'etat in Lisbon,
and which found itsélf, at the time, coming to grips with the internal crisis
following the defeat suffered in Vietnam and the Watergate scandal, was power-
less to change the course of events. Moreover, the foreign policy of the
then President Carter, marked by systematic contradiction and by constant
indecision, could in no way help to oppose and check the Soviet policy.

The European countries, for their part, reduced to impotence for lack of -back-
ing from Washington, were too concerned with the actual fact of the Commun-
ists' seizure of power in Lisbon, which would threaten their southern flank,



BLACK DRIVERS SACKED--DURBAN--Three-hundred drivers at the Motorvia plant in
Pinetown have been fired after defying an ultimatum by management to return to
work. The men, who had been on strike since Monday, all refused to meet the
deadline, 1 pm on Thursday, according to an official of the Transport and
Central Workers Union. The drivers were demanding a R55-a-week basic wage
instead of being paid for each trip. When management resisted the demands,
the workers pledged not to return to work until they received the basic wage.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 May 84 p 10]

CHARLES SEBE'S TRIAL--BISHO--Accused terrorist Mr Charles Sebe, former Com-
mander-General of state security in Ciskei and brother of President Lennox
Sebe, "feared for his life" when he realised he had fallen into disfavour with
the President, the Supreme Court at Bisho heard yesterday. Mr Sebe faces
charges of terrorism and six alternatives. It is alleged he intended to over-
throw the State by means of violence and that he incited and encouraged a
group of people, including members of the Ciskei police and security forces,
to release his deputy, the former Brigadier H Tamsanqa, by force. He has
pleaded not guilty. Brigadier A Nell, of the Ciskei Defence Force, told Mr
Justice J Pickard he had advised Mr Sebe to discuss his differences with the
President. Brig Nell said when the accused realised he had fallen into dis-
favour with the President and feared for his life, he had told the former.
security chief: "General Sebe, you are brothers and brothers do fight, but I
do not think that the differences between you and your brother are that much.
Face him as a man and discuss your differences." Brig Nell could not divulge
any other comments he made to Mr Sebe as this would "endanger the security of
the State." The case was postponed to May 21. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITI-
ZEN in English 12 May 84 p 9]

ARMED AV MAN--The police have started a departmental inquiry into whether or
not the pistol-toting Afrikaner-Weerstandsbeweging bodyguard at the foundation
meeting last Saturday of the Afrikaner-Volkswag is a police reservist. A
senior police officer said yesterday newspaper reports making this allegation
had resulted in the departmental inquiry--but this was regarded as a domestic
matter and if the allegations were proven the police would deal with the man
"in the correct way." Members of the police force are forbidden to take an
active part in political activities. Meanwhile an Afrikaans-language news-
paper yesterday identified the "bodyguard" as a Mr Chris Visagie and it was
stated that he was a second-year student at Pretoria University. However, ef-
forts to find Mr Visagie on the campus of the University were unsuccessful.
The leader of the AWB, Mr Eugene Terreblanche, justified the actions of the
pistol-bearer when he addressed a public meeting in Pretoria on Thursday
night. The man--one of six who took up guard on Mr Terreblanche when he ad~
dressed the Volkswag meeting--always wore the pistol and was licenced to have
it, he said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 May 84 p 8]

URBAN FOUNDATION HOUSING--THE Urban Foundation is to spend R37-million on
housing developments--among them the construction of 3 600 houses in Soweto
and Katlehong--during its 1984/85 financial year. Among major projects ear-
marked by the Foundation is a R5,4-million housing scheme for the 3 000
Mzimhlophe Squatter Camp families, who were left stranded when floods de~
stroyed their homes in Kliptown seven years ago. Announcing this in


NEW EDUCATION COMMUNICATIONS PLANNED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 May 84 p 4

[Text]

cso:

THERE was a desperate need
for adequate and efficient
communication between the
Department of Education and
Training and the community,
the Minister, Mr Barend du
Plessis, said.

“I therefore have great
pleasure in announcing what
we believe to be an exciting
development in the restructur-
ing of communication between
the Department and the vari-
ous communities which it
serves,” he said in debate on
his Department's budget vote.

The proposed structure had
two elements, Mr Du Plessis
said.

“Firstly, it deals with the
parent community. The Coun-
cil for Education and Training
consists of 24 members and has
seven regional committees
consisting of 13 members.

“All regional committee
members are appointed by the
Minister, according to a cer-
tain formula, in order to be
representative of various areas
of community life. The seven
regional chairmen are ex-offic-
io members of the Council.”

Mr Du Plessis said regular,
structured contact would,
therefore, take place at the
highest level between the Min-
ister and the senior officials on
the one hand, arid the Council
and regional committees on
the other.

“At community level, how-
ever, we have more than 2 000
school committees and govern-
ing councils, and more than
2.000 parent-teacher associa-

3400/969

tions. The gap between these
bodies and the regional com-
mittees is obvious. As recom-
mended by the Council for
Education and Training, we
now not only recognise the
small number of informal bod-
ies constituted by school com-
mittee chairmen on a com-
munity basis, but will in future
encourage and assist, in their
establishment.”

This step, he said, would en-
able the Council through its re-
gional committees not only to
maintain dynamic contact with
the various communities, but
created the possibility of
democratising the community
leg of the communication
structure.

“It is envisaged that when
the term of office of the pres-
ent Council and regional com-
mittees expires at the end of
1987, the composition of both
the regional committees and
Council will be adapted to ac-
commodate elected represen-
tatives from the school com-
mittees.”

The skills thus obtained, he
said, would be supplemented
by ministerial appointments
from the ranks of acknowl-
edged specialists, as was the
case today.

“The Council will probably
then consist of 14 elected
members who came through
the ranks, and 10 appointed
members, chaired by a person
appointed by the Minister.”

Secondly, there was the
question of pupil representa-

39

SOUTH AFRICA

tion. Pupils, Mr Du Plessis
said, needed a representative
body, elected by themselves,
to speak to the authorities on
their behalf.

“Pupils are not students in
the tertiary educational sense
of the word. It is silly to call
their representative body an
SRC since SRC’s are only
found at universities and tech-
nicons, where they are appro-
priate.”

It had been decided, there-
fore, to establish a liaison com-
mittee at every Black second-
ary school for two reasons:

@ To look each other in the
eye and discuss school issues
among themselves; and

@ to provide a channel for
the submission directly to the
Minister of any form of written
representation.

“The creation of these struc-
tures and the democratising of
existing and new bodies, in our
view, is not only a positive re-
sponse to suggestions which
have been coming from the
various communities them-
selves, but provide an exciting
challenge to all.

“We realise that it is open to
abuse, but that is the risk of
taking responsibility any-
where. We have faith in the
ability of the people for whom
these structures and pro-
cedures are created, to use it
to their benefit and not their
detriment,” Mr Du_ Plessis
said.



In the efforts being made to curb contraband trade, tight control has been
made on the illicit export of cattle, coffee and gold, Comrade Makonnen said,
and added that 650,000 dollars worth of mineral products have been confis-
cated. He said that 80 million birr worth of property has been misused of
which 22 million birr worth has been brought under control adding 2.1 million
birr in cash has been secured.

Comrade Makonnen also noted the contribution of the national control committee
to the banks and water and sewerage authority in helping the two organizations
expedite their work.

Comrade Makonnen spoke of the future plans of the committee and said that ef-
forts will be made to ensure proper distribution of basic commodities, contra-
band trade, preserve the country's wildlife resources and encourage more
public participation in the control activities. .

Meanwhile, a pictorial exhibition depicting the major activities undertaken by
the Workers’ Control Committees established at different levels during the
past two years went on display at the National Workers Control Committee
office here yesterday.

The exhibition was visited by Comrade Mekonnen Gizaw, chairman of the National
Workers' Control Committee, a representative of the Control and Discipline
Department of COPWE, members of the National Workers Control Committee, COPWE
representatives for Addis Ababa and Shoa, as well as representatives of gov-
ernment agencies and mass organizations and of workers control committees
organized at different levels.

Yesterday's visitors, numbering around 500, also observed how property is
handled by the National Workers Control Committee and its internal managerial
system. :

The exhibition on display in connection with the second anniversary of the

establishment of the National Workers Control Committee is to be visited by
members of government and mass organizations.

cso: 3400/970 —

aT



Miller ‘welcomed the education department
framework announced be implemented and
earlier by the Minister, that there should be a
Mr Barend du Plessis, in move away from “Ban-
regard to the restructur- tu” education.

ing of communication If peace was to be
between the Depart- achieved in Atteridge-
ment and the various ville it was of great im-
communities it serves. portance that discrimi-

Education, he em- natory laws, on which
Phasised, was of top students hung their
priority ‘for all urban grievances, were remov-
Blacks, who, like the ed as soon as possible,
Afrikaner, had realised he said.
the need for it.

Mr Peter Soal (PFP The major demand at
Johannesburg North) present, Mr Soal said,
urged the Minister to was the release of two
visit the unrest-troubled students currently being
Black township of Atte- held in custody by the
ridgeville in the Trans- police.
vaal himself. “This is a police mat-

“This will be a short- ter and I urge the Minis-
term solution to the ter of Law and Order to
problem. A long-term bring these two persons
solution is a lot more to court as soon as poss-
difficult.” ible so that we may con-

It was important that centrate our attention
the De Lange recom- on educational §mat-
mendation of a single ters.”

Discipline Queried

cso:

CORPORAL punishment in Black schools should
be abolished, Mr Horace van Rensburg (PFP Bry-
anston) said.

Speaking in committee on the education and
training vote, he called for an investigation into this
form of punishment.

Mr Van Rensburg said corporal punishment
caused resentment and would always be a contribu-
tory factor to violence at Black schools.

3400/969



ETHIOPIA

CONTROL COMMITTEES DETERMINED TO ERADICATE INJUSTICES
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 May 84 pp 1, 5

[Text] The Working People's Control Committees will, through the participa~
tion of the working masses, combat and eradicate with determination social and
administrative injustices hatched and propagated by reactionaries.

The statement was made by Comrade Makonnen Gizaw, Chairman of the National
Working People's Control Committee, in connection with the second anniversary
of the establishment of the committee.

Comrade Makonnen said in a press statement that the activities of the working
people's control committees operating from the basic to the national levels
have been conducted by five regional, eight provincial, two district and 412
basic level offices. He noted that a total of 8,745 cases have been cited for
investigation out of which 6,319 are presently being cleared. While decisions
have already been given on 2,344 cases 82 others have been submitted to the
court upon completion of investigation, Comrade Makonnen said.

A total of 14 million birr has been saved through the co-ordination of efforts
of government departments and mass organizations, regulation of fuel utilisa-
tion, making use of property considered unnecessary, ensuring the clearing of
bank payments and other related duties, Comrade Makonnen noted, adding that
considerable progress had been scored particularly in the payment of bank
loans and credits.

In addition, said Comrade Makonnen, an income of 12 million birr has been se-
cured as a result of control work in the area of contraband dealings, Hararghe

accounting for seven million birr of the total.

Comrade Makonnen further explained the achievements of the working people's
control committees in the collection of taxes, distribution of commodities,
storage of harvests and implementation of relevant proclamations and rules and
regulations.

Comrade Makonnen said that the committee had received of the misappropriation
of 26 million birr work of government property out of which property worth 18
million birr had been restored and 1.6 million birr in cash had been regained.
He added that the committee had brought back an amount of 125,347.39 dollars

sent to be concealed abroad.

26



cso:

3400/968

million was registered in the

quarter under review against a
leficit of K10.9 million in the

period January-March 1983.

The report reaffirm that the
favourable development was
the result of an increase in
total revenue which out-
stripped the rise in total ex:
penditure.

It 1s commendable that the
Government did not have a
recourse to borrowing to
finance its capital projects.

“There was a jump in
capital expenditure which
was fully financed out of
revenue collections. This was
in contrast with the first half
of 1983 when expenses for
capital projects were met
through borrowing,"’ it says.

Monetary development
reflected the’ unsatisfactory
external performance of the
economy.

63



AFRICA'S FOOD PROBLEMS DETATLLED

Cape Town THE CAPE TIMES in English 30 Apr 84 p 8

{Article by Anthony Delius]

[Text]

LONDON. — Africa is in
a mess, from the skin-
niest peasant in the de-
sert to hard-worked gov-
ernment officials res-
ponsible for housing on
the Cape Flats.

People tell each
other, and the world at
large, that it’s the fault
of the weather and of
the poorness of much of
the soil.

Economists and
agronomists lay the
blame on the hastily
formed governments
that indulged them-
selves in nationalist
politics while ignoring
the continent’s agricul-
ture.

From Nigeria to Zim-
babwe opportunities
have been squandered
in a reckless political
carousel. South Africa
itself is gradually crum-
bling into a patchwork
of urban wealth and
squalor surrounded by
an outwork of racial
backyards.

Exciting times

The continent that un-
til the end of World War
II was at least able to
feed itself, is now slid-
ing rapidly into bank-
ruptcy and famine.

“Always something
new out of Africa,” the
Romans used to say dur-
ing the exciting times
just before the coming
of Christianity, and the

first 500 years there-
after. It applied to the
northerly parts, and
even further in history
the region threw up
great figures and sys-
tems in politics and reli-
gion, in Christianity and
Islam.

But now Africa seems
to be falling under a
creeping desert of ideas
and social inventions,
not least President Ga-
daffi's scheme for a new
diplomacy.

Perhaps the most re-
markable move to be
made in Africa of recent
times comes from Nige-
ria and is still in the
course of taking place.

We are still awaiting
the outcome of the new
military government's
desperate act aimed at
bringing corruption to
an end. The naira cur-
rency, brought into be-
ing at independence in
1960, is now being abol-
ished and a new curren-
cy is being adopted.

Imagine if the govern-
ment of South Africa got
fed up with the business
and financial malprac-
tices that grew up
around the rand when it
replaced the pound, and
swept the whole rand
currency out of exis-
tence.

So anybody who had
rands in banks abroad,
or under his bed, would

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

never be allowed to ex-
change them for the new
currency again — just as
those Nigerians who
fled the country with
loads of naira, or in
buried tea-chests, will
not be allowed to ex-
change them for the new
currency.

Unless the whole ex-
change was arranged by
officials of great probity
and efficiency, the pos-
sibility of the experi-

. ment ending in a major

cock-up would appear to
be great.

The financial world,
to which Nigeria owes
about five billion dol-
lars, must be looking
forward with consider-
able anxiety to May 6 —
the day on which every-
body gets new currency.

The portents for a suc-
cessful outcome of the
great Nigerian currency
switch are not great. If
it is successful the
temptation for other
countries in Africa to do
the. same will be over-
whelming.

The need for a gesture
of equal scope and mag-
nificence in Zimbabwe
to take the population’s
mind off present confu-
sions is growing ever
greater.

Say that Mr Mugabe



Kimba: I have not really talked about a significant measure that we intend to
implement in the future. In involves the creation of enterprises for rendering
services, to be known as "agricultural-livestock development stations," which
will gradually be established all over the country. In our 1984-85 agricultur-
al plan, we call for the establishment of 20 agricultural stations. Their
essential goal will be to back the peasants in all activities, selling them
machetes, hoes and other tools. However, these stations will not sell seed to
the peasants. They will only distribute it by way of restitution, as follows:

Let's suppose that a certain station is supplying a given peasant, controlled
or registered in a certain area, with the aid of the local administrative offi-
cials, 100 kilograms of peanut seed. At the end of his harvest, we shall simply
require that he return to us the amount of seed that he has received, with the
addition of a maximum percentage of 10. Obviously, unexpected situations in
the industry will also be taken into account because, for example, a peasant
may receive seed and be unable to return it, since there has been’no rain and
the crop has been damaged. Therefore, points such as this will be considered.

J.A.: Nevertheless, the comrade minister has not discussed the supply of consum-
er goods to peasants. Is that called for in the protocols that were signed with
MINCI?

Kimba: You have just raised a very pertinent question. In fact, these proto-
cols contained more obligations for the MINAGRIenterprises than for those of
MINCI; for that very reason, their signing was delayed, so as to make a few
changes in their clauses, since we think that the obligations should be mutual.
Thus, the Internal Trade Ministry must guarantee the supply of foodstuffs to
the territorial enterprises, establishing it in the stores under its control,
or even that of MINAGRI, which will also be able to supply the peasants of the
area, as has been occurring up until now in some places where these enterprises
exist. This process means that the supply to be given by the Internal Trade
Ministry to the territorial enterprises will not be based merely on the number
of workers in them, but also on the number of peasants in the surrounding area
who are also producing. We would do well to note that some of these enter-
prises are benefiting from support given by PAM (World Food Program), which
enables them to meet the needs of their workers and of the peasants in the
area.

J.A.: Comrade Minister, how do you view the issue of cadres in your ministry?

Kimba: I should say that, ever since we were called upon to head this ministry,
that problem has aleays concerned us. As a first step, we intend to update the
salary scale. We can even claim that there is no’ structure in the country
with salaries as low as those in the agricultural structure. The salaries
that we earn are not geared to our real working conditions. For example, we
have cases of agronomical engineers or agricultural interns who prefer to work
in other sectors, because they receive guarantees from the latter of better
pay and better working conditions. This factor alone is a restriction on our
having the necessary cadres. This concern is recorded in our fundamental
programs this year.

17



Editorial Comment

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 7 May 84 p 4

[Editorial]

[Exceprt ]SOUTH Africans, perhaps more

cso:

than people elsewhere, usually de-
plore the inclination by certain visi-
tors who make weighted conclusions
about their situation after a short

it.
‘The country’s peculiar situation
invites such snap impressions. While
we would understand that the presi-
dent of the World Medical Associa-
tion would be expected to give his
views about our situation, we believe
Dr Lionel Wilson fell almost back-
wards to say good things about the
Medical Association of South Africa

(Masa).

Dr Wilson has been in the country
for about two weeks, presumably to
test the country’s situation as presi-
dent of the world body, before this”
organisation holds the scheduled
conference in Cape Town next year.
Most of the things he had to com-
ment upon are very sensitive. We
believe he should have taken time,
or rather that he should have exer-
cised extreme caution before making
categoric statements about Masa

3400/9721

54

It would seem to us rather injudi-
cious for the president of the world
medical organisation to take the
view that Masa is doing all it can,
and did all it could, to address the

issue of detainees.

The situation of detainees
notwithstanding, there are other
grave matters that are not men-
tioned by Dr Wilson. According to
Azapo’s health secretariat, the Ge-
neva Declaration on medical ethics
holds that consideration of national-
ity, race and social status shall not
intervene in health care. Even a very
superficial study of health in South
Africa would tell the unbiased ob-
server that such ethics are disre-

led here. We are thus just as
as others by Dr Wilson’s
myopic conclusions.

It is normal for the average per-
son to hold a rather exalted view of

in medicine and health gene-

rally. This is often the result of awe

for what appears to be this arcane

or the very personal in-

volvement that doctors and others in
health have in our lives.

So it is distressing if such people,
who should inspire trust in us, dis-
play the same tendencies that we
have. It is perhaps also rather unfair
on doctors, as they are as human as
we are, but the fault is also theirs
-that their discipline tends to be so
\yery much above our heads. :

Having said all that, we believe
fhe President of such on pee
: have been more circumspect
. Inhis conclusions.



Secretariat and later a comprehensive report would be presented to the Central
Committee of the NEC for consideration. In reply to another question on
whether the Party had yet to get the list of leaders who the Tanzania Youth
Organisation (Vijana) had considered to have engaged in economic sabotage
activities, he said most probably the Government was scrutinising it. The
list was handed over to the Government leadership in Kigoma last year.
[Excerpt] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 28 Apr 84 p 1]

‘FIFTH COLUMNISTS' UNCOVERED--SEVENTEEN cases of "fifth column" perpetrators
were uncovered in Dar es Salaam Region in the last year by patriotic and vig-
ilant workers, it was learnt in the city yesterday. The Dar es Salaam
Regional Party Secretary, Ndugu Andrew Shija, revealed this in his closing
address of a two-day general conference of the Union of Tanzania Workers
(JUWATA) at the Institute of Adult Education. Ndugu Shija urged workers to
reveal, without fear, all "fifth column" elements in the country in order to
rid the nation of petty bourgoisie who of late had never stopped complaining
about everything. He said under the current economic hardships, the "fifth
columnists" were a danger to the nation's defence and security, and were
dangerous rumour mongers. Speaking to the nearly 260 delegates to the con-
ference Ndugu Shija reminded the workers' leaders that "our biggest task ahead
of us all in defending the nation is to produce enough for the people to eat
and wear. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 9 May 84 p 3]

CSO: 3400/967

61



SEYCHELLES

INCREASED EXPLOITATION OF LAKE TANZANIA URGED

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 9 May 84 p 4
[Article by George Nyembela: "Where Is the Fish?"]

[Text] BLESSED with a long coastline and bordering on three of the world's
great lakes, Tanzania should be a land of fish, but at present, the majority
of the people have very little or no access at all to the precious protein
source.

The country has 58,000 square kilometres of fishing ground in fresh waters in
the great lakes, inland lakes, rivers and dams-~and 12,000 square kilometres
of fishing grounds along the Indian Ocean.

According to a scientific research on the marine resources in the country's
coastal waters conducted by the Norwegian Agency for International Development
(NORAD), Tanzania can catch 100,000 tonnes of fish per year without causing
any effect in her waters. But the country's present capacity stood at only

50,000 tonnes.

Preliminary results of feasibility studies conducted by the Food and Agricul-
ture Organisation (FAO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) on
Lake Victoria and Tanganyika show that there are 200,000 tonnes of fish out of
which about 80 per cent are Tilapia.

The United Nations Agreement on the Law of the sea allocating littoral states
200 kilometres further into the sea along the coastal belt would add more
fishing grounds for the country.

According to official reports, the situation in the fishing industry is not
encouraging because fishing is mainly done by traditional fishermen. There
has been very little commercialisation so far.

These fishermen use traditional equipment and outdated methods which cannot
effect enough catch to meet the big demand for fish. The gear used includes
fishing lines, fences and dug-out or rowing boats whose operations often de-

pended on sails.



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

REORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURE--THE Government plans to reorganise the Ministry
of Agriculture and Water Development in a bid to transform Zambia from a cop-
per to a food-exporting country. Minister of State for Agriculture and Water
Development Mr. Daniel Munkombwe said this when addressing a field day at
Ngwezi settlement in Mazabuka yesterday. Mr Munkombwe said with immediate
effect, agricultural experts will be directly involved in all transactions
between lending institutions and farmers. Officials will be responsible for
loan recommendations and this would cut down on defaulting by farmers. To
ensure full participation in the food production by farmers, the ministry will
be flexible in offering loans to peasant and commercial farmers as well as to
those who default genuinely because of the prolonged drought. He pledged help
for credit facilities from the Agricultural Finance Company, Zambia Agricul-
tural Development Bank and Cattle Finance Company. [Excerpt] [Lusaka TIMES OF
ZAMBIA in English 10 May 84 p 5]

PAPER MILL LAYOFFS--THE Zambezi Paper Mills factory in Ndola now operating at
30 per cent below capacity because of scarcity of raw materials may lay off
more workers if the situation does not improve in the next few weeks. Manag-
ing director Mr Dinesh Sharma said in Ndola yesterday there had been no im-
provement in the situation since 35 workers were laid off on Thursday last
week. The company which manufactures tissue paper, paper napkins, lubricating
papers and many other paper products was forced to shut down one of its two
plants because of a shortage of raw materials. "We shut down the first pro-
duction line and are finding it hard to survive on the remaining one," he
said. Mr Sharma said management was trying hard to negotiate for foreign ex-
change to buy pulp and other chemicals. Last week a delegation from the com-
pany went to Lusaka to discuss the issue with officials in the Ministry of
Commerce and Industry but the meeting could not be held because most of the
officers were out of the country. The delegation will go again this week and
he hopes the company's problems will be considered. Mr Sharma said last week
that the company was facing problems in collecting waste paper needed for
production. [Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 9 May 84 p 2]

CSO: 3400/968 END

Th


At a recent seminar to review marine resources of Tanzania held at the Mbegani
Fisheries Institute in Bagamoyo, it was observed that local fishermen are ap-
proaching the upper limits of exploitation on their traditional fishing
grounds.

According to a paper presented by Dr. John Tarbit of the London-based Overseas
Development Administration, this is especially true of the extreme northern
and southern coasts where the shelf is narrow and largely occupied by heavily
exploited reef:

Dr. Tarbit pointed out however that records suggest that catches per fisherman
have increased significantly since the early seventies because of the intro-
duction of nylon gill-nets, which he said have increased from 2,900 in 1971 to
12,000 in 1981.

Difficulties in getting fishing gear was identified by the seminar as one of
the reasons which lead to the use of dynamite by many fishermen.

Opening the three-day seminar the Minister of State in the Ministry of Agri-
culture and Livestock Development, Ndugu Herman Kirigini called for steps to
halt dynamite fishing in Tanzania's coastal line which destroyed fish and
their eggs as well as their hatcheries.

The Minister said that the use of dynamite has been destroying coral reefs
which are the breeding, feeding and hiding grounds for fish.

Ndugu Kirigini said it was high time that area was reserved to fishermen who
have already evolved diverse and specialised techniques.

The introduction of short courses for fishermen at Mbegani Centre starting
this July aim at helping fishermen adopt modern ways of fishing and abandon
the use of dynamite. The course which would focus on fishing methods would
also aim at reducing post-harvest losses.

The fishermen. would also be trained both at Mbegani and at their localities on
how to design and construct cheap seaworthy vessels.

Fishing in the country was a neglected industry until 1975, when the govern-
ment established the Tanzania Fishing Company (TAFICO) to engage in the devel-
opment and promotion of fishing in the country.

Since its take-off however, TAFICO has had a chequered career and only gener-
ated profit for the first time last year, after acquiring a modern fishing
vessel, Mama Tafico from Japan in 1982.

Mama Tafico which has a 47-tonne capacity is a multi-purpose vessel fitted
with a big fuel tank, water tank, as well as modern processing and freezing
equipments.. It can also service other fishing trawlers owned by TAFICO to
enable them to stay at sea for a longer period.

The TAFICO General Manager, Ndugu Raynald Mrope, attributed the increased

earning to good performance by "Mama Tafico" which alone landed 82 tonnes of
fish and 100 tonnes of prawns worth nine million shillings.

35



cso:

3400/971

The Government may believe that
it is closing some loopholes in the
national Budget. We are wondering
if it has thought about what would

- happen to the labour scene.

There is no doubt that trade
unions are going to fight for more
pay. The battle will be brought to
the shop floor. There will be labour.
disruption. The spiral will even-
tually hit the Government, which
thought it was saving money by tax-
ing us so heavily.



Pretoria is likewise satisfied in the easing of its relations with Mauritius,
which adopted a hostile stance under the Mourvement Militant Mauricien govern-
ment which split up last year. The key figure in improving relations between
Mauritius and South Africa is deputy prime minister Sir Gaetan Duval.

The American government is happy to see the strengthening of French and South
African interests in the Indian Ocean islands but aims principally to build up
its own military bases there. This month the US administration requested

congress for $627m of emergency credits to strengthen its military position in
the Indian Ocean. It includes a request of $22.9m for further work on the

military base at Diego Garcia because of the threat to shipping in the straits
of Hormuz. (For the same reason the US is constructing a large base in Oman).

The Soviet Union is clearly alarmed by the American military build-up in the
Indian Ocean, especially with the decline of Soviet influence in Mozambique,
Madagascar and the Seychelles. The US and the Indian Ocean was the main item
on the agenda in talks between Soviet defence minister Marshal Ustinov and
Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi in March. After the talke, a joint state-
ment called for the creation of a nuclear-free 'zone of peace' in the Indian
Ocean. The idea, recommended by the UN General Assembly in 1981, is popular
with the non-aligned countries of the region. The US government is officially
willing to encourage the zone of peace idea but privately regards it as a
Soviet invention, and is doing its best to kill the projected Indian Ocean
conference due to be held in Sir Lanka in 1985.

cso: 3400/973

23



AZAPO CHARGES 'WHITEWASH' OF MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Statement Released

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 7 May 84 p 2

[Text]

THE president of the
World Medical Associa-
tion, Dr Lionel Wilson,
came to South Africa to
“whitewash” the Med-
ical Association of South
Africa (Masa).

So says a statement
released by the National
Health Secretariat of
Azapo yesterday. It
claims that Dr Wilson’s
utterances, like those of
his predecessor, Dr
Maartens, were biased.

Dr Wilson had said
among other things, that
while the focus locally
and internationally on
Steve Biko’s death was
unfortunate, he be-
lieved, after speaking to
a wide range of leaders
and personalities in the
medical and political
field over the past two
weeks, that the Medical
Association of South
Africa had spoken out
very forcefully in sup-
port of improving the
medical care of detai-

nees.
Health

Masa, he said, had
done as much as it was
able to do within the
terms of its constitution
and indeed much more
than many medical asso-
ciations might have
done in other countries.

Dr Wilson’s “limited

53

mandate,” the Azapo
statement says, “conve-
niently sidesteps the
fundamental and central
issues in health care and
delivery. If Dr Wilson
had cared to investigate
the influence and effects
of apartheid medicine
(of which Masa is an in-
tegral component) he
would have come to no
other conclusion but
that a blatant violation
of the Geneva Declara-
tion prevails in South
Africa.

“The Geneva Decla-
ration on medical ethics,
adopted by the General
Assembly of the World
Medical Association in
1948, holds that consid-
erations of race, nation-
ality, social status, etc,
shall not intervene in
health care.

“In direct contraven-
tion of the spirit of his
own organisation’s cen-
tral policy document, Dr
Wilson makes the
naively favourable
judgment which is in-
tended to justify Masa’s
continued membership
of the world body as
well as the holding of
the forthcoming World
Medical Association
conference in South Af-
Tica,” the Azapo state-
ment says.

SOUTH AFRICA



INVISIBLE PAYMENTS, CAPITAL OUTLAY CAUSED HUGE DEFICIT

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 10 May 84 p 2

[Text]

A SURPRISE in ‘invisible payments and growing
capital outflow led Zambia to accumulate a huge
overall deficit of K134.6 million in the quarter

ended June last year.

This amount compared
to only K63.3_ million
deficit registered in the
preceding quarter, says
the latest Bank of Zam-
bia quarterly Financial
and Statistical Review
just released in Lusaka.

The report regrets that the

neral performance of Zam-

ia’s economy from April to

June last year remained un-
satisfactory. The foreign ex-
change position remained
tight.

Despite the increases
recorded in exports receipts
and low level of the import
bill, the trade balance was
not large enough to meet the
requirements of the various
competing demands.

It recalls that prices of all
export minerals together with
most of their volumes went up.
Payments for imports dipped,
mainly reflecting the non-
lifting of crude oil during the
period. .

“This, with the tise in pay-
ments for invisible and the
growing capital outflows
brought about a larger overall
deficit of K134.6 million in the
quarter ended in June 1983
than that of K63.3 million
registered in the preceding
quarter,” it says.

The report paints an equally
dark picture on the foreign

assets position whose net

_ continued to decline from
minus K808.3 million at the
end of March last year to
minus K977.6 million at the
end of June 1983.

On a six-month basis, the
first half of 1983 was not
better than the second half of
1982. The deficit widened b
K14.4 million to K197.
million during this period.

But the report notes, in-
creased realised earnings
assisted the authorities in
reducing the Pipeline of
arrears by K34,7 million to
K704.9 million at the end of
June.

To reduce the serious
internal and external financial
imbalances facing Zambia and
to establish conditions likely
to permit a sustained recovery
in overall economic activity, a
one year programme was
negotiated with and approved
by the International Monetary
Fund. _

“This, together with the
balance debt rescheduling
exercise in progress, is expect-
ed to give some relief to the
balance of payments,"’ the
report acknowledges.

On a positive note, the
Government Budget improved
during the quarter ended June
1983. There was upturn in its
accounts.

An overall surplus of K1o

62

ZAMBIA


Control Committees Determined To Eradicate Injustices
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 1 May 84) 22... cece eee ceceeceeeeeeeeee

Peasants' Association Outlines Work Program
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 4 May 84) ..

Briefs
COPWE Organ Editor
Agricultural Changes Stressed
Party Formation
Details on AEPA
MOZAMBIQUE

RNM Reportedly at Maputo's Front Door
(Felipe de Oliveira; 0 DIABO, 17 Apr 84) ..cceeeceseeeeeeuees

SEYCHELLES

Increased Exploitation of Lake Tanzania Urged
(George Nyembela; DAILY NEWS, 9 May Bh) ... cee cece cece eee eeee

Close Relations With DPRK Reported
(NATION, 10, 11 May 84) ........0008 eee e eee eeeeee seeeeeeeee

Assembly Delegation
Cement, Other Gifts

SOUTH AFRICA

New Education Communications Planned oo
(THE CITIZEN, 12 May 84) ...e.seaceeeeeee tant eeeeceenesenes an

Armscor's Reaction To Hey Committee Recommendations Scored
(THE CAPE TIMES, 30 Apr 84) ..e. ieee cece eee ce ee ceeeeeceeeee

Safair Takes Over Search-and-Rescue Operations

(THE CAPE TIMES, 28 Apr 84) ..icisceecececceecceacceesees sees

Parliamentary Debate on Black Education ‘Reported wet
(THE CITIZEN, 12 May 84) ......0..5 cece eeeee seeeee seeeeeeees

Controversy Rages Around Boshoff's AV’ Involvement :
(Jaap Theron; -THE CITIZEN, 14 May 84) 2... eee sees

Columnist Comments on Formation: of Afrikaner Volkswag
(Aggrey Klaaste; SOWETAN, 14 May 64) oc liccceeeeceeeeeees ee

Black's Standard of Living Increases "Dramatically! :
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 14 May 64) vo... clad cua vecscucecees o

Increase of Black Schoolchildren Reported
(SOWETAN, 14 May 84) ..

26

28

29
29
30
30

31

3h

37

39

ho

iam

Tr}

45

47

49

dL



SOUTH AFRICA

PARLIAMENTARY DEBATE ON BLACK EDUCATION REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 May 84 p 4

[Text]

THE number of Black
schoolchildren in
South Africa had in-
creased from some
800 000 in the 1950s to
more than five million
today and the Depart-
ment of Education and
Training was faced
with a massive and ex-
tremely sensitive task
which was by its very
nature a political one,
the Minister, Mr Bar-
end du Plessis, said
yesterday.

Speaking at the start of
the budget debate on his
portfolio, he said the De-
partment employed more
than 40 000 Black teach-
ers at over 7 000 schools,
with annual additional
pupil registrations
amounting to more than
60 000.

“We construct between
11 and 14 additional class-
rooms per working day
and we find ourselves dai-
ly and continuously in a
crush where our efforts

are concentrated on help-
ing a mass of people to
help themselves.

Labour

“We are a labour-in-
tensive industry, irrevers-
ibly bound to a high de-
gree of manual labour,”
Mr Du Plessis said.

However welcome,
contributions from well-
meaning bystanders on
the sidelines ‘could not
make a substantial and
lasting impression on pro-
gress.

“Bgsentially, the mo-
mentum for the ultimate
successful fulfilling of our
lofty ideals in Black edu-
cation must come from
within the communities
themselves.”

White teachers could
supplement the teaching
force in Black education
only to a very limited ex-
tent, and this would be
the case even if education
were integrated into a sin-
gle department.

Upgrade
Teachers for Black chil-

"Bantu' Out, ‘Black’ In, Says Barend

dren would have to come
from the Black communi-
ty itself and it was there-
fore essential to re-edu-
cate teachers and upgrade
their qualifications, as
well as to ensure teachers
of the right quality were
recruited and trained in
sufficient numbers, he
said.

The Department had,
however, suffered greatly
at the hands of less la-
bour-intensive, more
capital-intensive _institu-
tions, particularly the pri-
vate sector, which had
lured some of its best
teachers to greener pas-
tures.

“We simply cannot
compete with this.”

Mr Du Plessis rejected
as totally untrue past alle-
gations that the relatively
under-qualified teacher
corps had come about by
design.

He paid tribute to those
underqualified teachers
who had been with the
Department since its ear-
ly gays .

The Minister of Educa-
tion and Training, Mr
Barend du Plessis, yester-
day appealed to MP's not
to refer to Black educa-
tion as “Bantu educa-
tion.”

ye

Speaking in Committee
on his vote, he also called
for the media’s help in
this regard.

“I am not asking any-
‘one to limit their criti-
cism, but let us rid our-



ARMSCOR'S REACTION TO HEY COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS SCORED

Cape Town THE CAPE TIMES in English 30 Apr 84 p 9

[Text]

cso:

3400/969

IN AN open letter to the
chairman of Armscor,
Commandant Piet
Marais, the Dolphin Ac-
tion and Protection
Group (APG) has re-
jected as “inadequate”
Armscor’s comments on
the Hey Committee rec-
ommendations regard-
ing whales off De Hoop.

The secretary of the
DAPG, Mrs Nan Rice,
said on Friday that
Armscor had agreed
only “in principle” to
five of the Hey Commit-
tee Report’s seven rec-
ommendations while
agreeing with qualifica-
tions to two.

“No entity or individ-
ual agrees to keep the
law ‘in principle’,” she
said. “Compliance with
the law is a matter of
fact.”

Calving

The DAPG considered
Armscor’s unqualified
agreement to avoid dis:
turbance of the south-
ern right whale essen-
tial to their recovery
because:

@ Twenty-five to 30
percent of the known
calving of the small pop-
ulation of right whales
visiting the South Afri-
can coast occurred off
De Hoop.

@ Their numbers were

still only between 478
and 614, although they
were believed to be the
world’s largest single
population of these
whales.

@ They were probably
the most endangered of
the world’s great
whales.

Numbers increasing

International protec-
tion had been agreed
upon in 1935. Since the
DAPG’s proposal in
1980, the South African
Government had also es-
tablished national regu-
lations strictly protect-
ing whales.

Based on the recom-
mendations of last
year’s International
Whaling Commission’s
(IWC) Right Whale
Workshop, Mrs Rice
said she had also asked
Armscor for indepen-
dent monitoring of the
effects on the whales of
Armscor's activities.

Monitoring of the

whale activities should
be sent to the IWC since
the whales were “not
South African but inter-
national animals”.
’ A further area of con-
cern was that South
Africa had retired its
only official whale
scientist who was recog-
nized by the IWC for his
work on right whales.

SOUTH AFRICA



ZAMBIA

TRANSPORT INDUSTRY FACES COLLAPSE, SAYS MADONDO
Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 9 May 84 [no page No given]

{Text] TRANSPORT industry in Zambia will collapse unless the government stops
motor dealers from peddling spare parts and new vehicles at inflated prices,
Truckers Association of Zambia [TAZ] vice-chairman, Mr Charles Madondo warned
yesterday.

Mr Madondo revealed that there were irregularities in the sales of motor
vehicles, spare parts and lubricants in the country.

He warned that unless the government took pragmatic measures aimed at curbing
the irregularities and supported the transport industry, the future of the
industry was bleak.

Flanked by the association's treasurer, Mr Bhupendra Patel and two former
members, Mr Abdulla Mussa and Mr Peter Zeravica, Mr Madondo charged:

“We are being ripped off by motor dealers as an industry. The prices of
spares have shot up by 800 per cent within a short period and unless something
is done, we are doomed."

He explained that motor dealers were strangling the transport industry through
exorbitant prices charged on spares and lubricating oil. With the current
shortage of tyres and tubes with which the industry was dogged, the future was
dark, he said.

“We are badly hit with the shortage of tyres, tubes and spares and we feel the
government should strongly support the industry," he said.

He cited an example of a hydraulic jack which is sold at K351.50 in one shop
and in two other shops within Lusaka it goes at K395 and K660.50 respectively.

Mr Madondo said it did not matter from which shop to buy because they were all
unfavourable adding that the situation had been worsened by the lack of hire
purchase services for motor vehicles.

The truckers have to pay hard cash for any vehicle they would want to buy and

in cases where they have to import, they are told to pay huge sums of money
for deposit.

65



ANGOLA

PORTUGUESE COMMENTATOR DEPLORES CABINDA SITUATION
Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 18 Apr 84 p 2
[Article by Fernao Pacheco de Castro: "Cabinda: the Other Namibia"]

[Text] The other Namibia is unknown to the general public, and the "impartial"
unenlightened reporting is the grossest injustice committed by the international
media with respect to Africa, a veritable defrauding of human rights and a
shameful deception engraved on the recent history of the Portuguese people.

Cabinda,.a sovereign state, managed to withstand the plundering of Africa
carried out during the last century by the European progressive liberals who,
engaging in the sheerest colonialism, created borders without links, dividing
ethnic groups with different languages and customs and showing no respect for
the existing tribes, peoples and nations.

The people of Cabinda experienced the maelstrom of the division of Africa,
retaining their sovereignty. But, aware of their difficulties, they requested
the aid of the friendly Portuguese people. On 1 February 1885, the Treaty of
Simulambuco was signed between the two free, sovereign peoples, in which they
asked the other nation for protection and the maintenance of their integrity,
and hence did not agree to be a colony.

Despite the republican colonial spirit, the Portuguese Constitution of 1933
stillrespected Cabinda in its first articles. But with the passage of time
Armindo Monteiro, Vieira Machado, Albino dos Reis and Marcelo Caetano put this
territory, which is quite dissociated from Angola, both physically and cultural-
ly, under the administration of the central government in Luanda.

Angola is a word that has substance only as part of a certain situation connect-
ed with Portugal. It did not exist apart from Lusitania, and is a colonial
dictatorship, inasmuch as it is not a federation of peoples and states.

But Cabinda has natural, historical rights to total, absolute independence.
If the latter has been given to a small island discovered and settled by
Portuguese, out of mere self-interest on the part of foreign powers, why has

10



“We simply cannot compete with this."

Mr Du Plessis rejected as totally untrue past allegations that the relatively
under-qualified teacher corps had come about by design.

He paid tribute to those under-qualified teachers who had been with the
Department since its early days--a time when it had been imperative to bring
basic literacy to the masses of illiterate people.

“At that time these teachers, many of them with only a Standard Eight certifi-
cate, underwent professional training by way of a two-year diploma course to
fulfil this urgent need in their respective communities."

The Minister also paid tribute to some 10 000 of these underqualified teachers

who were at present improving their qualifications under difficult circum-
stances and often at great personal sacrifice.

cso: 3400/971

52


SWAZILAND

BHEKIMPI GOVERNMENT EXPERIENCES INCREASING DIFFICULTIES
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 25 Apr 84 p 8

(Text] PLAYING QUEENS. Prime minister Bhekimpi's government is in trouble.
The recent wave of arrests of alleged ANC guerrillas infiltrated from Mozam-
bique, hides mounting domestic opposition. The South African claim that a
non-aggression pact was signed between Pretoria and Mbabane two years ago, is
dubious. If there was such an accord, why did South Africa's prime minister
P. W. Botha say last September that proposals for such a treaty had been sub-
mitted to Swaziland, but that a decision had not yet been reached? (Botswana
and Lesotho received similar proposals at the same time).

The "pact" with Swaziland was revealed at a moment when Bhekimpi thought he
might need security assistance. As one of the architects of Swaziland's armed
forces (he fought on the Allied side in World War II), Bhekimpi keeps his ear
close to the ground and has early warning of any incipient coup. His leading
opponents, on the other hand, the supporters of Prince Mbandla, whom Bhekimpi
ousted in last year's palace revolution, are closer to the para-military
police. Swaziland's police has felt usurped by the growing intrusion of South
African police in search of ANC members--not an easy task, since Swazis are
often indistinguishable from black South Africans. And the ANC has many
Swazi-speaking members.

The feeling that Bhekimpi and foreign minister Richard Dlamini are in danger
of compromising Swaziland's sovereignty has become widespread. Opposition,
now more militant that Mbandla's ever was, has managed to hijack Queen Ntombi
as a symbol of royal authority. In forcing Bhekimpi to return to the queen
the powers of which she was deprived early in her reign, they have scored a
substantial advantage. The demotion of the unpopular traditionalist, Prince
Sozisa, described as the "Authorised Person", has restored public affairs to a
more modern type of civil service. Sozisa, who backed Bhekimpi last year (ac
Vol 24 No 23) while threatening to "take things into my own hands", should he
consider it necessary, had wide powers of discipline over officials and poli-
ticians. The statement announcing this change in Sozsia's status added that
the move did not reflect on the manner in which the prince had carried out his
duties. But it is taken as a blow against the authorities in general. There
are several theories about how the climb-down was brought about. It was cer-
tainly connected with an attempted coup on 20 March - the third in three
months.

58


ANGOLA

UNITA'S INTENTIONS SINCE DISENGAGEMENT FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 28 Apr:84 p 12
[Article: "Angola, Between Dialog and Terrorism"]

[Text] While Angola and South Africa are intensifying their contacts in the
process of clearing up the Angolan-Namibian border, UNITA [National Union for
the Total Independence of Angola] seems: to have taken a new path in its
struggle against the Luanda government, attempting to gain acceptance for its
status as a partner in the internal (Angolan) and regional plans, through new
violent acts which do not exclude bomb setting.

Delegations from Angola and South Africa, headed by the minister of interior,
Alexandre Rodriguez, "Kito," and the minister of foreign affairs, Roelof "Pil"
Botha, respectively, met again in Lusaka on Wednesday in order to analyze the
situation in the area and to discuss the question of the separation of the
two countries' forces, which is ‘still incomplete.

At a meeting marked particularly by the presence of the general administrator
of Namibia, Willie Van Niekerk, the two sides reached agreement on an exchange
of prisoners (involving one South African soldier, one Cuban and several
Angolans), and also debated the problem of the presence of Cuban troops in
Angola, the withdrawal of which has been demanded by South Africa and the
United States, as a condition for the progress of the peace process in the
region and the independence of Namibia.

It was with the argument of pressuring Luanda concerning the withdrawal of the
Cubans from Angola that UNITA, an anti-government organization headed by Jonas
Savimbi, justified, through a spokesman, the "new tactic" used in its offensive,
which now has terrorist features as well.

On Thursday of last week, a jeep loaded with explosives and parked on 4 Febru-
ary Avenue, the main artery in Huambo (formerly Nova Lisboa), in the center of
Angola, toppled an 1l-story building, killing some of its occupants and passers-
by who were there at the time of the explosion.

The rumors concerning the toll and the nationalities of the victims varied.
On Saturday, Angolan television showed pictures of the funerals of those killed,

12



JPRS-SSA-84-064

5 June 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

OATUU Calls for Scrutiny of IMF

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 8 May 64) .......00. sevens eeeeeees sete eeee 1
Africa's Food Problems Detailed
(Anthony Delius; THE CAPE TIMES, 30 Apr 64) ...... been eee on 3
ANGOLA
Portuguese Commentator Foresees Eventual Takeover by UNITA 7
(A. Lorena Birne; 0 DIA, 8 Apr 84) ....... eee eee beet e eee ee eens 5
Portuguese Commentator Deplores Cabinda Situation
(Fernao Pacheco de Castro; 0 DIA, 18 Apr 84) ........ de eeeeee 10
UNITA's Intentions Since Disengagement From South Africa
(EXPRESSO, 28 Apr 84) ..........00 sees 12
Minister Discusses All Aspects of National Agricultural Situation
(Evaristo Domingos Interview; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 22 Apr 8) 14
Briefs
Mineral Production Figures 19
Huila's EDIPESCA Fish Figures 19
Mining Figures 20
COMORO ISLANDS
Future of Mayotte Debated ,
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 25 Apr 8h) al
ETHIOPIA
Mengistu Addresses Air Force Graduates ‘
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 6 May 84) wee ees e cece eee cee ne ee aces 2k
-ae- (III - NE & A - 120]



The essential thing, however, is the fact that the guerrillas are approaching
Maputo, and the saboteurs are succeeding in depriving the Mozambican capital
of electric power. What will come next and where the next attack will be is
what is being asked by all observers.

2909
CSO: 3442/357

33



COMORO ISLANDS

FUTURE OF MAYOTTE DEBATED
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 25 Apr 84 pp 5, 6

[Text] The debate on the future of the Indian Ocean Island of Mayotte is
about to come to a head: France wants to cede the island to the Comoros;
Mayotte's inhabitants want to remain "French."

The Mayotte problem stems from the 1976 vote by the island's 55,000 inhabi-
tants to remain French after the other three Comoro islands (population 400,-
000) had declared independence. Under the revolutionary government of Ali
Soilih in the Comoros, from 1975-8, the French were anxious to retain Mayotte.
But since the restoration of the pro-French Comorian President Ahmed Abdallah,
the retention of Mayotte by France has become an embarrassment. Though
Mayotte has one deputy in the French National Assembly and one in the Senate,
and is administered by a prefect, it does not have the status of a full French
department (like Reunion) but is called an ‘overseas territorial collectiv-
ity'. The French National Assembly has until 22 December 1984 to decide the
future status of Mayotte.

We understand that President Francois Mitterrand, is in favour of ceding
Mayotte to the Comoros, reached an agreement in principle with President Ab-
dallah in January. In return, the Comoros are to provide France with an air
base in the Comoros and a 99-year lease on naval facilities in Mayotte. They
are also to include constitutional guarantees for the inhabitants of Mayotte,
known as Mahorais. Foreign minister Claude Cheysson and the Elysee's Guy
Penne are likewise in favour of handing over Mayotte. (The UN general assem-
bly has adopted a resolution calling on France to hand Mayotte to the
Comoros). The Elysee was behind two key redeployments in January: the
prefect of Mayotte, Christian Pellerin, was sacked after promising that
Mayotte would stay "French" if the majority of the population wished; and Jean
Motpezat, a key official at the State Secretariat for Overseas Departments and
Territories and an advocate of keeping Mayotte French, was reposted.

Despite these moves there are lot of obstacles to ceding Mayotte:

1. A majority of Mahorais are in favour of retaining the French connexion.
France's Secretary of state for overseas departments and territories, Georges
Lemoine, has the job of trying to secure a majority in favour of reunification
in time for a referendum later this year. So far he does not seem to have
made much impact on any of Mayotte's political potentates.

a1



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as {Text}
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
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processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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20402.

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may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

CONTROVERSY RAGES AROUND BOSHOFF'S AV INVOLVEMENT
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 May 84 p 9
{Article by Jaap Theron]

[Text] THE controversy around Professor Carel Boshoff's involvement with the
Afrikanervolkswag (AV), has reached a stage where Pretoria University is
virtually demanding his resignation as theological professor.

The Transaal Voortrekker Youth Movement has also "discreetly inicated that he
should resign his Voot Voortrekker leadership", and preparations are also be-
ing made to oust him from the executive of the FAK.

Prof Boshoff in turn issued a statement in which he warned the media he was
taking legal advice because they, incorrectly, gave the AV an image of being
"militaristic".

Prof Boshoff's attitude towards his employer, Pretoria University, is that he
has done nothing, with regard to his employment regulations, that warrants his
expulsion from the University staff.

In spite of the discreet standpoint by both the Cape Province and Transvaal
regional councils of the Voortrekkers--The Transvaal Voortrekker regional
council discussed his involvement with the AV on Saturday--that he should re-
consider his position with a view to the controversy surrounding his involve-
ment with the AV, Prof Boshoff is still adamant in remaining national leader
of Die Voortrekkers until July next year.

The commandant of a Pretoria Voortrekker commando told The Citizen yesterday
that parents of some Voortrekkers have already withdrawn their children from
the movement "as a result of Prof Boshoff's involvement with the AV".

There are also indications that some Voot Voortrekker commandos would soon
discuss this controversy at the local level.

It was further learned yesterday that Tukkies rector, Prof Danie Joubert, has

given Prof Boshoff until Wednesday this week "to decide between the AV and his
job as theological professor at Tuks".

45



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

COPWE ORGAN EDITOR--Comrade Tesfaye Tadesse, Editor-in-Chief of Serto Ader,
organ of the Central Committee of COPWE and COPWE Central Committee member,
yesterday left for Moscow to attend a Soviet "Press Day" to be staged next
Saturday. Prior to his departure, Comrade Tesfaye said that during his stay
he will take part in a meeting in which editors-in-Chief of the USSR press and
progressive journalists from various countries will be participating in the
event. Comrade Tesfaye noted that the meeting will deliberate on major cur-
rent international issues, consolidation of world peace and solidarity and the
role of progressive journalists in combating imperialist propaganda. The
Editor-in-Chief of Serto Ader further noted that he will exchange views with
his Soviet counterpart on issues of mutual interest which would provide oppor-
tunity to promote exchange of experience between the two CC organs. Comrade
Tesfaye is attending the Soviet "Press Day" on the invitation extended to him
by the Editor-in-Chief of Pravda, organ of the CC of the CPSU. [Text] [Addis
Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 3 May 84 p 1]

AGRICULTURAL CHANGES STRESSED--Special attention should be given to projects
devised under the leading Ten-year Perspective Plan that would promote the co-
ordination of development in rural areas. This was stated by Serto Ader,
organ of the Central Committee of COPWE, in its editorial yesterday. In con-
nection with the special role of rural development, Serto Ader said that de-
velopment and service institutions engaged in this field must intensity their
efforts so that inter-sectoral activities would be properly co-ordinated.
Serto Ader focused on the shortcomings in the agricultural sector at present
pointing out that although it was endowed with immense wealth and engages the
major portion of the country's labour force, it had not as yet been able to
feed adequately urban dwellers and to supply industries sufficiently with raw
Materials. Much remains to be done in the agricultural sector to increase
agricultural produce both in kind and in amount and secure the necessary for-
eign exchange earnings that would facilitate the inflow of technology from
abroad, Serto Ader observed. The paper described as crucial the need to
change the present methods of agricultural production by employing science and
technology. It said that the country's rich and fertile natural resources
must be made to enhance progress based on the objective conditions in the
country, the rich manpower available and the depolyment of creative poten-
tials. Organizational changes as well as changes in methods and operation
Must be carried out in rural areas in the light of the target of socialist
construction, Serto Ader further observed. The paper noted the endeavours of

29



cso:

an exchange of views on inter-
national and regional affairs,
on Wednesday. The two men
shared mutual understanding
‘on issues concerning the Non-
Aligned Movement, South-
South co-operation and the
necessity to resolve interna-
tional disputes through peace-
ful means and dialogue.

They also reviewed bilateral
relations’ and praised each
other’s achievements.

At a banquet held on
Wednesday night in his hon-
our, Minister Ferrari reiterated
Seychelles’ support for the
DPRK’s proposal for tripartite
talks (involving the DPRK,
South Korea and the United
States of America) to reunify
the artificially divided Korean
peninsula.

In return, Minister Kim
Yong-Nam_ expressed __ his
country’s support for Seychel-
les’ proposal to convert the In-
dian Ocean into a nuclear-free
zone.

Yesterday morning the Sey-
chellois Minister held talks on
economic co-operation with

3400/967

38

Mr. Jong Song Nam, who is in
charge of External Economic
Affairs, and was told of the
gifts aboard the Korean ship.

Minister Ferrari was also re-
ceived by Prime Minister Kang
Song San on behalf of Presi-
dent Kim 1 Sung, and ex-
changed greetings and support
for the two countries’ struggles
for economic development.

Dr. Ferrari is expected to
leave Pyongyang today for
home after a three-week tour
that started in Australia and
also took him to New Zealand,
Fiji and China.

This will not be the first time
a Korean ship sails into Port
Victoria laden with assorted
gifts for the Seychellois people.
In 1982 the freighter “Hyok-
sin” arrived with 5,000
tonnes of gifts worth R6 million
and last year the “Oh San Tok”
unloaded another R2 million
worth. .

The gifts ranged from
tractors, cement and construc-
tion steel to toys, musical in-
struments and hand tools.


ETHIOPIA

MENGISTU ADDRESSES AIR FORCE GRADUATES
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 6 May 84 pp 1, 5

[Text] DEBRE ZEIT (ENA)--Since the desire of peace-loving forces alone cannot
guarantee peace, they should nevertheless remain capable of defending them-
selves from attacks directed against them.

This was stated by Comrade Mengistu Haile-Mariam, Chairman of the PMAC and of
COPWE and Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, here yesterday
while presenting diplomas and prizes to the 14th batch of cadets who completed
a training course at the revolutionary Ethiopia Air Force educational centre.

Comrade Chairman Mengistu said that in a situation where imperialists prefer
force to peace, it is self-evident that peace-loving forces would never sit
idle with folded arms.

Comrade Chairman Mengistu said: "Much as we have an obligation of building
and strengthening our defence force on a firm foundation, this is not to mean
that we are eager for war or that we have interest in enjoying forceful

pride."

The aim of our sturggle is to improve the livelihood of the working masses of
Ethiopia who had suffered from exploitation and oppression for many years,"
said Comrade Chairman Mengistu adding, "it would have been our great pleasure
if these efforts had been attaned peacefully."

"However, beyond using conspiracy based on their economic and political might,
imperialists have opted to resort to military force and this has become more
critical than ever before," Comrade Chairman Mengistu said.

The Revolutionary Leader stressed that enemies of the Revolution would take
every action to hamper the struggle for the formation of the Workers Party of
Ethiopia since they know that it provides the way for the ultimate success of
the struggle.

Comrade Chairman Mengistu added whatever the enemies do the country's defence
force is based on an immense participation of the broad masses of Ethiopia,
and would as such foil forever their sinister aspiration.

2h



remarkably promising conditions, both because of the excellent relations that
existed between Havana and Agostinho Neto, and because of the void left by the
exodus of the Portuguese, not to mention, obviously, the territory's settled by
wonderful resources.

Angola and the Future

The presence of the Cuban regular army in Angola, and the backing given to
SWAPO [South-West African People's Organization] and to the forces opposed
to Mobuto stationed in the territory during the time of the Portuguese
represented factors which, when combined with the revolutionary demagoguery
of the country's new leaders, have prompted the neighboring states to worry
about their security.

Zaire, which backed FNLA, experienced an invasion of its province of Shaba
started by forces based in Angola, and managed to oppose it only because it
was able to receive prompt assistance from France, Belgium and Morocco, made
possible by the backing from the United States. Kinshasa, however, fearing
a repetition of the incidents, decided to close military camps occupied since
1961 by Holden Robert's followers, and to dissolve the armed groups which had
been operating on that basis in Angolan territory.

Zambia, for its part, a traditional ally of UNITA, found itself forced to
put an end to the activities of Jonas Savimbi's movement, during a period of
fear caused by the pressure from Luanda.

As for the Republic of South Africa, in addition to reinforcing its military
power in Namibia, and, by way of prevention, engaging in systematic action to
neutralize SWAPO's activities, replaced Lusaka in aiding Savimbi, thereby
enabling the latter to resume the armed struggle against MPLA.

UNITA, which controls more than 60 percent of the Angolan population, and which
currently has at its disposal a well-armed army of approximately 15,000 men,

is confronting forces comprised of 37,500 Angolans, 25,000 Cubans, and 450
East Germans, responsible for the air force and for the heavy equipment, as
well as 700 Soviet military advisers and several Portuguese.

MPLA, which was the weakest movement in the former Portuguese territory, must
now cope with a numerically larger opposition which, knowing how to take
clever advantage of the enemy's shortcomings, difficulties and contradictions,
has forced it to go on the defensive, demoralizing it and managing to substan-—
tially expand its influence in the territory. Moreover, not unaware of the
fact that it has little chance of acting in the North, for reasons of an
ethnic nature, he is now attempting, through agreements with factions which
belonged to FNLA, to start involving Luanda and other northern cities, thereby
fostering guerrilla activity in the Angolan Congo.

The exacerbation of the difficulties besetting the Luanda government and its
allies has brought two types of consequences, which will certainly determine
the future:the first, linked with the Cuban presence, relates to the


TANZANIA

BRIEFS

COMORAN AIR PACT--TANZANIA and the Federal Islamic Republic of Comoro. have
signed an air service agreement, re-establishing scheduled flights between and
beyond the two countries. The pact, signed on April 13 in Dar es Salaam,
covers the provision of necessary facilities required by operating airlines of
either state. The agreement was signed by the Minister for Transport and Com-
munications, Ndugu John Malecela, and the Comoro Secretary of State. for Trans-
port and Tourism, Mr Antoy Abou. Among other things, the agreement to be rat-
ified by the two governments--provides for each state to provide aircraft fuel
and lubricants and on board catering while spares brought in for repair of
aircraft on an international service shall be exempted from duty. The signing.
of the agreement follows a visit to Comoro by the Minister for Foreign Af-
fairs, Ndugu Salim Ahmed Salim, early this year. The two countries then
signed a cooperation pact to strengthen relations. The frequency and type of
aircraft, its capacity and other commercial and financial conditions of the
operation would have to be approved by each country's aeronautical authori-
ties. The agreement further provides that each contracting party shall grant
the right of free transfer in convertible currency at the official rate of. the ©
exchange of the excess of receipts earned by the airline in the territory in

connection with passenger, mail and cargo. business. Meanwhile, an official of oo.

ATC said the airline had sent a delegation to Moroni to make feasibility study.
to ascertain the viability of re-establishing a scheduled flight to the oe
Comoroes. Air Tanzania Corporation (ATC) used to operate scheduled flights

from Dar es Salaam to the Comoro capital--Moroni--from 1979 to 1982, but ter- ~
minated the service because the route was uneconomical, an ATC official said.

[Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 26 Apr 84 p 2]

EVALUATION OF SOCIALIST CONSTRUCTION--THE Party is in the process of evaluat-
ing the intensity of socialist construction in the country's regions to dis-
cover areas of strength and weakness. CCM Secretary General Rashidi Kawawa
said this at the Kivukoni Party Ideological College in Dar es Salaam wyester-
day where he held a question and answer session with students. . Ndugu Kawawa
told the students that the exercise was necessary so that experience in dif-
ferent regions was assessed in depth. He was responding to the question of .
whether the Party monitored the influences of Regional Integrated Development
Plans (RIDEPs) many of which were backed by capitalist countries. Ndugu Ka-
wawa said evaluation work was being undertaken by the Economic Affairs and
Planning Department of the Party National Executive Committee (NEC) secretar-
iat. The department would furnish a report on its findings to the NEC

60



The five regional councils of the Voot Voortrekkers, including that of SWA
also considering holding an early national congress to sort out their national
leaders' position.

An executive member of the Voortrekkers told The Citizen "the controversy sur-
rounding Prof Boshoff was starting to effect the private careers of about
everyone of the 20 Voortrekker executive members and that an early solution of
the issue had become imperative".

Prof Boshoff is one of the 15 executive members of the FAK. It is understood

that plans were underway to oust him from this position when the FAK holds it
national annual congress in July this year.

CsO: 3400/9721



cso:

formation of the Afrikaner Volkswag (AV)

* saw the gathering of the forces of the ultra
Tightwing, and this could be the most serious
challenge from the right to the Government
since it came to power in 1948.

That is a bit of an exaggeration. I think. But
there was the well of emotion, the veritable
tear jerkers of the Volk, all the symbols from
years of survival politics dragged out of hoary
history and flaunted into the political milieu of
the 80’s, that is perhaps just too hip and fast-
moving to be impressed by the lager mental-
ity. You wish to pity them or laugh at them at
your peril, these Afrikaners. They may seem
crazy but they are deadly serious.

It will add adrenalin to our somewhat jaded
lives to watch how the P W Botha juggernaut

“ tids, or tries to rid itself of this slow-thinking
people. There are those who believe this an-
cient, the pristine almost, call to the blood is
not for this century; that it has no place and no
chance in nuclear-age politics. There are oth-
ers who believe this will see another dramatic
cleavage in the Afrikaner monolith.

We have our pet theories. We believe there
are many South African whites, for instance
the crowd that voted Yes in the referendum,
who may be frightened of all this verligtheid,
but who are even more scared of a race con-
flict. There are numerous whites from Zim-
babwe, Mozambique and other African states
who strongly believe blacks should be kept in
their place; that a multiracial system would
see South Africa dissolve as their former
states did in confusion, corruption, and even
bloodshed.

3400/971

48

Professor Carel Boshoff, son-in-law of Dr
Hendrik Verwoerd — one of those conserva-
tives who believe blacks are the children of
Ham — is the chief guru of the AV. I don’t
think he is very smart. It may be a good thing
to have this D H Lawrence type of blood-call
to kin and kith, but one needs to take cogni-
sance of current events. You could use this
kind of racist hype to drum up a lot of emo-
tional support. Why people like Hitler did it
with considerable effect. .

Crazy Circus

There are others in this crazy circus, like Mr
Jaap Marais who is unashamedly racist; Dr
Andries Treurnicht of the Conservative Party
who is a pain in the fundament for my money,
but might have considerable clout; and the
daddy of them all, Mr Eugene Terre ’Blanche
of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging who is
a godsend to any leftwing revolutionary. -

Professor Botha-said the Afrikaners were
losing the land they thought was theirs. Mr
Marais spoke of war. Dr Treurnicht said God
did not wish to see His people go back to Ba-
bel. And in typical dramatic fashion, sur-_
rounded by black-uniformed bodyguards
sporting the red, white and black AWB insig-
nia, Mr Terre "Blanche spoke emotionally of
traitors, of “Joiners” and “Hensoppers.”

I’m glad I’m South African if only for all
this impending mix of mayhem and excite-
ment.



the same thing not been done for the heroic people of Cabinda, who have never
agreed to be governed by Luanda, and who may soon take up arms? FLEC [Front
for the Liberation of the Cabinda Enclave] is by far the African armed move-
ment with the greatest legitimacy. It has the right to rebel as a people who
have been sovereign, against another people who betrayed and conquered them.

Namibia is a very barren, sparsely populated region (whose people are very
nomadic), with little awareness that they belong to different tribes, which was
grabbed by Germany when Africa was carved up, and which later came under British
administration as a result of the stupid Versailles Treaty. And, upon the
independence of South Africa, the latter took it over.

No one attached any importance to Namibia until ores appeared to exist there,
and it became an extremely important geostrategic area of the South Atlantic.
Immediately, forces were organized which wanted to control that vast region,
or rule it indirectly, in the name of a pseudo-independence.

Cabinda, which lacks the strategic importance of Namibia, is rich in lumber,
ores and, primarily, "black gold," and the great powers want to, and actually
are dividing up its assets. With the blessing of Carter and the "Moscow offi-
cials,". Rosa Coutinho has commanded ‘metropolitan army forces, to seize the
staff of the Portuguese forces of Cabinda, and also, under the national flag,
has conquered Cabinda.and turned it over to the MPLA. It was an occasion for
restoring justice and upholding the Treaty of Simulambuco; but dishonor fell
upon the Portuguese. In the past, they were known in the world as men with a
capital M, people who kept their word; and now they are known as deceitful,
even in regard to their word. At present, the American companies are exploring
for oil in Cabinda, while Soviet and Cuban "Boches" are keeping its people in
the jungle.

Any responsible Portuguese worthy of the name cannot remain indifferent toward
the situation of their brothers in Cabinda, who believed in us. The internation-
al laws, the UN, etc., have been guillotined, with heads rolling in the mire,
while such serious, flagrant senselessness is occurring. Not to mention the
robberies, the millions dying from the shock of eviction, and the disease and
hunger caused by the-so-called decolonization, leaving poverty and misery in

its wake.

When the situation in Timor began, few had the courage to raise their voices.
Cabinda is not far behind; it is even more serious, and we Portuguese have a
very great responsibility in this worldwide scandal. I hope that, within a
year, at the time of the centennial of the Treaty of Simulambuco, the people
of Cabinda will be free, or will have high hopes internationally for achieving
freedom, and that. .the Portuguese people will be cleansed of this pernicious
disgrace.

2909
CSO: 3442/357

11