CROSSROADS REFUGEES THREATENED WITH EVICTION FROM SHELTERS

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 3-16.Jul 86 p 5

[Text]

THOUSANDS of
Crossroad refugees fear
being driven back into
the freezing misery of
the Cape winter as the
authorities increase the
pressure for their evict-
ion from shelter prov-
ided by sympathisers.
The refugees became
homeless after the al-
most total destruction
of the Crossroads
squatter camp a few
weeks ago. .

BAN

Many of the refugees
have moved from place
to place as the auth-
orities seem determined
to move them to Khay-
elitsha against their
wishes.

The homeless ref-
ugees -- estimated at
between 55 000 and 70
000 people -- cannot
return to th ir original
sites at Nyanga Bush,
Nyanga Extension,
Portland Cement
Works and KTC

-because of a ban on

entry to these areas,
imposed by the Div-
isional Commissioner
of Police, Brigadier
Christoffel Swart.

56

Some lost their
homes when fighting
broke out in Cross-
roads in May. They
moved to the Zolani
Centre in Nyanga, but
‘were forced out when
vigilantes attacked both
these places.

The doors of many
mosques, churches,
emples, warehouses,
ichools’ houses and
offices, inside and out-
side the township, op-
ened for the squatter
refugees.

But they were not
long at their newfound
shelter against the
heavy winter rains
when the authorities
stepped in.

About 5 000 people
living in schools in
Guguletu and Nyanga
were given one week to
leave.

Father Desmond.
Curran, of St Gabriels’
Church in Guguletu,
said it seemed people
had to vacate the
schools in time for the
new school term on
July 1.

Eviction notices un-
der the Black (Urban

SOUTH AFRICA



norms will be defined. Gaspar Dzimba recommended that the corn problems be
investigated, and that the Railway, the Criminal Investigation Police, and
the Justice department be involved.

During the visit, the Governor also went to the Industrial Pedagogical
Institute, the Middle Pedagogical Institute and the First of May Pre-
University School. At the schools he was informed as to their functioning
and their current problems,

The Governor told future graduates that they ought to learn well how to
prepare lessons so as not to have problems with their students.

12857/9835
CSO: 3442/253

22



NOTE.

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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{J are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted. :

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
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70 percent — flow througn South
Africa's ports because those in
other countries are inadequate
and the railway links are either

surgency.

The railways linking Malawi
with Nacala and Beira in Mo-
zambique have been put out of
action by the MNR rebels. For
the same reason traffic move-
ment on the line from Zimbabwe
to Maputo is sporadic at best.

The Beira-Zimbabwe line is
kept open only through the costly
protection by Zimbabwe troops.

The Tazara line from Zambia
to Dar es Salaam and the termi-
nal port itse}f can handle only a
proportion of Zambia’s goods
traffic — about 45 percent. — let
alone take anything from other
countries. :

The Benguela line from Zaire
to the Angolan coast is kept vir-
tually closed by the Unita rebels
and no international rescue oper-
ation can do aything about that.

Ambitious plans for increasing
the capacity of Beira and the
other east coast ports have been
made by the Southern African
Development Coordination Con-
ference (Sadec), which was set up
partly to reduce the neighbour-
ing states’ dependence on South
Africa.

But even if the money for the
job were provided by the inter-
national community it would

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 6 Jul 86 p 15

[Text]

TRADE: LANDLOCKED Zam-
bia’s economy depends heavily
on its mineral exports, but the
routes for getting these to the
sea are so inadequate it has
had to turn extensively to
South Africa’s railways and

ports.

The Tazara railway to Dar
es Salaam has been able to
carry no more than 65 percent
of Zambia’s exports.

The Mozambican outlets
have largely been closed by the

|

inadequate or interdicted by in-

take at least three years to get

* the work done,

And even then the railways
would not be able to move goods

to and from the ports if the MNR |

were still cutting the lines.
Pretoria, which has been ac-

cused of supplying the rebels, »

might find it politic in the event
of sanctions to ensure that they

.. kept the railways out of action.

Even if alternative transport

» routes were developed South

Africa’s neighbours would nee
compensation for the loss of the

¢ South African market. 7 :

These are so much cheaper
than overseas imports that most
of the neighbours buy a large
proportion of their goods from
the Republic — about 95 percent

for Lesotho, 90 percent for Swa- -

ziland, 80 percent for Botswana,
35 percent for Malawi, 18 per-
jcent for Zimbabwe and 16 ‘per-
cent for Zambia.
‘ Helping these countries pay
for more expensive imports from
elsewhere would be extremely
costly and complicated. * . ; .

So would helping them find al-
ternative markets for what they
now sell to.South Africa, even

though this trade is relatively
+ small. i
Several Southern . ‘African

countries are already losing out
on the dwindling tourist trade
from the Republic and would

On Zambia

MNR rebels.

This means at least a quar-
ter of Zambia’s exports have to
go out through South Africa.

Zambia is even more reliant
on South Africa for imports, at
least 35 percent being handled
by SATS.

The largest proportion of
these originate in South Africa,
for the Republic has recently
overtaken Britain as Zambia’s
major source of imports de-
spite the. Lusaka Government's

65

lose more from sanctions. This
traffic could not quickly be re-
placed. .

Sanctions could also deprive
the region of technology, finance
and investment from South Afri-
ca for which substitutes would be
difficult to find.

In addition, it would be diffi-

| cult if not impossible for an in-

ternational rescue operation to
replace the economic spinoff
South Africa’s neighbours get
from foreign investment in the
Republic that would not be di-
verted to any neighbouring coun-
try.

The impact of sanctions on the
region would depend on the se-
verity of the sanctions.

Comprehensive sanctions are
unlikely but even selective mea-
sures would create severe prob-
lems for international efforts to
soften the blow against neigh-

_. bouring countries.

" For any such efforts to suc-
ceed the international communi-
ty would have to show greater
.dedication than it did when Zam-
bia and Mozambique appealed
through the United Nations for

\ help-to offset the cost of imple-

* menting UN) sanctions against
Rhodesia.

+ Despite an intensive campaign

the victim countries ended up

|” with-very little assistance.

increasing hostility to Pretoria

Last year South Africa took
only 0,3 percent of Zambia’s
exports, about 80 percent of
“which were copper. But South
Africa supplied 14,5 percent of
Zambia’s imports, largely
manufactured goods and
canned and other foods.

SATS’ figures tell the story.
In 1984-85 SATS moved 122 366
tons of Zambian exports, of
which 108 805 went out through
South African ports. SATS car-



@ People who have never lived in any
independent homeland and who live
anywhere else in SA whether or ‘not
they have permission to live where
they do.

@ People who have lived in indepen-
dent homelands but who left the home-
land concerned before it became inde-
pendent, whether or not this was done
with official sanction.

@Those who had obtained urban resi-
dence rights before June 30 this year in
erms of section 10 (1) (a), (b) or

the old Urban areas ae ) @) oF (6) of
@ Migrant workers who first left the
homelands on contract before indepen-
dence and who have lived in “white”
South Africa ever since.

@ Anyone who has been sold or rented
a site or house in a black township.

@ Anyone who came to South Africa —
before or after independence — and
obtained “some kind of official permis-
sion to reside in SA” with his family.

The question of -“lawful” residence
is, if anything, more tricky than that of
“permanent” residence, Mrs Duncan
suggests. In the usual sense foreigners
gain lawful residence in South Africa
when they are given permission by a
passport control officer to be here. But
this doesn’t fit the case of TBVC “for-
eigners” although it may apply to what
Mrs Duncan calls “real foreigners”.

She says: “Those who left the home-
land before independence or who have
never lived in the homeland have al-
ways been resident in the Republic
and must surely be lawfully resident
here.” a .

People who hold TBVC documents
and who cannot claim both lawful and
permanent residence in SA will have to,
see about reclaiming South African cit-
izenship before they contemplate get-
ting a new SA identity document.

Advice offices run by the Black Sash,
churches and civic associations will
help people to make such applications.

Millions 'Worse Off' Under New Influx System

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jul 86 p 9

[Text]

Millions of citizens of the four
independent homelands are in
‘a much worse position under
the new influx system than,
they were under the old pass”
laws, claims former Black,
Sash president Mrs Sheena
Duncan.

She points out that she is not
talking of “an insignificant mi-
nority” but of most of the nine

million people stripped of their .

South African citizenship when
‘Transkei, Bophuthatswana,
Venda and Ciskei became inde-
pendent between 1976 and 1981.
Residents of the TBVC
homelands will still have to be
recruited as contract labour
from their homelands in terms
of inter-governmental pacts.”
“Migrant .workers from the.
TBVC homelands, are now in

/9317
CSO: 3400/289

exactly the same position as
workers from proper foreign
countries, stich as Lesotho.”

2

They no longer have even the .
old option of gradually qualify-
ing through long-setvice for’,
“Section 10” urban residence :
and work-seeking rights.

“I fear they will be preju-
diced in the job market. Em-
ployers who can now employ
‘anyone who has an_ identity
document without any red tape
at all are unlikely to go to the
trouble of seeking permission
to employ foreigners * whose
registration is temporary,”
says Mrs Duncan.

“Nine million people — more
than one third of the black pop-
ulation of South Africa — had
their citizenship taken away
from them through the inde-

76

pendence of the homelands.
Five million of them reside
within these homelands and
have no hope of getting South
African citizenship back and
will therefore never enjoy free-
dom of movement in South
Africa.

; “Of the four million resident
‘outside the TBVC homelands,
;1751000 are likely to have
South African citizenship re-
stored to: them, according to
| Home Affairs Minister Mr Stof-
jfel Botha. *

|. “Some of the others may not
| get citizenship but may get the
‘new identity documents show-
ing they are permanent resi-
dents of South Africa. The rest
will be in the same position as
the five million living within
the TBVC homelands.”



There are dozens of other examples that demonstrate Pretoria's dependence on
foreign technology for the expansion of its military strength capacity. There
is no reason to believe that the Cheetah jet fighter is (?any different). It
is an upgraded version of the French Mirage which South Africa began pro-
ducing under license many years ago. The new development indicates the
likelihood of clear breaches of the UN arms embargo.

Such breaches have secretly been made in the past by pretending that military
materiel and technology being delivered to South Africa is actually for civi-
lian purposes. This kind of camouflage would be much more difficult to apply
if the international community imposed comprehensive sanctions against South
Africa,

/6662
cso: 3400/278

12



LIST OF RELEASED DETAINEES BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGION

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 4-10 Jul 86 p 6

(Text] The press may not name detainees,

But some insight can be gained from

this list of people known to have been released, Note, however, that pro-
portionally more whites have been released than blacks, The third colum
indicates date of detention, the fifth column gives the date of release

Adrienne
Christine
- Plroshaw
Helen

Joy
Maxine
Dirk

Kim

Liz
Ulrike
Eckhard
Gladstone
Nondanto
Oscar
Sandile
John
Veronica
Anne
Gerald
Mandla
Fikile
Gertrude

12/06/86
12/06/86
12/06/86
27/06/86
15/06/86
12/06/86
15/06/86
27/06/86
15/06/86
16/06/86
15/06/86
19/06/86
15/06/86
12/06/86
19/06/86
12/06/86
15/06/86
25/06/86
21/06/86
19/06/86
19/06/86
13/06/86
15/06/86
15/06/86
15/06/86
15/06/86
15/06/86
12/06/86
12/06/86
17/06/86

” 19/06/86

19/06/86

17/06/86
19/06/86

17/06/86 Potchefstroom |

15/06/86

Johannesburg.
Johannesburg
Johannesburg
Johannesburg
Johannesburg
Johannesburg,
Johannesburg,
Johannesburg,
Johannesburg,

Johannesburg -

Johannesburg
Soweto
Soweto
Johannesburg,
Soweto
Duduza
Johannesburg,
Johannesburg

Johannesburg
Johannesburg
Johannesburg
Johannesburg
Johannesburg
Johannesburg,
Johannesburg
Johannesburg,

Potchefstroom
Rustenburg

we

IPRETORIA/WITWATERSRAND/VEREENIGING

25/06/86 MARU
25/06/86 CRIU

25/06/86 CUSA

27/06/86

28/06/86 JODAC/ECC/Elack Sash
26/06/86 JODAC

26/06/86 COSATU

27/06/86

28/06/86 TRAC

17/06/86
deported JoDAc
20/06/86 SOscO
17/06/86 BSS
25/06/86 CCAKUSA
20/06/86 sosco
26/06/86 Duduze C.A.
26/06/86 JODAC
25/06/86 ECC/JODAC
25/06/86

20/06/86 'sOSCO
20/06/86 s0sco
13/06/86

28/06/86 JoDAC
28/06/86 JODAC
28/06/86 JODAC/ECC
28/06/86 JODAC/ECC
28/06/86 JODAC
25/06/86 CSA
25/06/86 CCAWUSA

yovac
JODAC

25/06/86 CUSA
25/06/86 GCAKUSA
25/06/86 CUSA os
21/06/86

COLLUM r
/MATROOS Julius

EASTERN CAPE

12/06/86

22/06/86 Port Elizabeth

Grahamstown

71

22/06/86 ECC ,
cosaTU



going training and efficiency for the Sene-
galese Armed Forces. This chapter, despite
the pressing needs, shows no new
measures; an adaptation to ever-rising
costs is required. The carryover of last
year’s sums was, however, accompanied
by a minimal re-evaluation totalling 442,000
francs, a sum certain participants labelled
“derisory”. Members of the commission ex-
pressed their regret with regard to this
state of affairs. While it may not be possible
to incur enormous expenditures there is a
minimum that is required to replace certain
armament and vehicles that have reached
the limit in terms of utility and repairability.
Maintenance expenditures

Certain buildings used by gendarmerie
brigades are in danger of collapsing. It is
urgent to repair them to avoid further de-
terioration that will prove even more costly.
Part of the engineering hardware needs re-
placement. Despite this, the section shows
that current levels have been carried over
across the board.

Transter expenditures

These expenditures cover subsidies of
36,256,000 francs and 4,840,000 francs for
veterans and war victims and for trainees
in Bingerville (Cote d'ivoire) and Ouaga-
doudou (Burkina Faso). For the foreign tr:
Nees, funding of 59,148,000 francs is ac-
corded. This chapter simply reproduces the
previous budget and was ‘voted without
comment.

To sum up, the minister stated tnat the
portion of the amount targeted for recruiting
of trainee-gendarmes would also be equal
to that in the previous year's budget.

Following this clear presentation the
commissioners thanked the minister and
unanimously expressed - while noting their
understanding of the difficulties linked to
‘the current economic situation - their sharp
concern regarding the severe restrictions in
personnel, armament and logistic facilities.
These restrictions could, despite the high
morale that reigned in the country’s armed
forces, compromise their ability*to react
and counter certain situations.

They asked the minister to convey to the
armed forces the congratulations of the na-
tional assembly for their exemplary

:-conduct, their high morale, their sense of

duty and their remarkable showing during
the parade marking the 26th anniversary of
the country’s independence. Lastly, they
stated their satisfaction with the work of the.
gendarmerie in rurat areas. This work was
worthy of praise in all aspects despite the
limited resources available. This, they went

29

‘on, was algo the case for the navy, which
protected the Senegalese coastline. The
members of the commission then put a
number of questions to the minister of the
armed forces.
Camp Bake!

Once again, the members of the commis-
sion expressed their concern that work had
not proceeded at Camp Bakel, this despite
the credits that had been regularly voted
for the past four years in the equipment
budget without having been released by the
planning ministry.
minister explained that the President

of the Republic, aware of the problem, had
decided to have the first portion of funding
released this year (100,000,000 francs) for
building construction. Comparable sums
‘should follow each year until the camp had
been fully realised.
Faleme enciave

This at one time inaccessible zone has
long been the refuge of heavily armed poa-
chers who decimated the rarest species
among Senegalese wildlife. The members
of the commission had continually called to
the attention of the government the need to
improve access to this remote area in
order to provide for better surveillance.
They noted with satisfaction that the bridge
across the Faieme river had been comple-
ted, enabling closer monitoring of this zone.
They extened their congratulations to the
army corps of engineers through the minis-
ter, as they did for the Kheun work. 2
Thies polytechnical school graduates

These graduates had had great success
on the job market, and their employers
continued to express full satisfaction. The
previous year, the commission had expres-
sed shock at discovering that EPT gradua-
tes had been unable to find employment.
They had asked the minister to report on
the measures taken to remedy this situa-
tion. The minister replied that Senegalese
graduating classes had been cut in half and
that this year, no EPT graduates had sought
work with the defence department. He fur-
ther specified that a military career had
been offered to two graduates.

Thies air base

The commission again brought up the
problem of returning this joint Franco-Sene-
galese base to service. The minister indica-
ted that this project had been delayed so-
mewhat due to a dispute regarding the
management of the applications training
school, which was to be Senegalese. The
matter had now been resolved as the com-
Petence of the Senegalese officers assi-
gned to head this schoo! was now recogni-



en ee

W Deep
Elends

/9317
CSO: 3400/287

aslightly improved grade.

‘To take advantage of the
higher than forecast gold
price, the mine spent
Ri,3 million on capex.

Western Deep. Levels’
available profit increased
by R11,6 million to R41,9-
million as a regult of a
R23,7 million drop ii in pro-'
vision .for taxation "to,
R27,3 million. Capex ‘i
creased by 6: percent to”
R69,4 million, 23 °° 4:

Area ‘mined inereased:
by 16 petcent to 192° sq

‘metres, © but recovered:

grade dropped by 9,6 per-
cent_as a result of lower
grades of dump material!
treated at No 3 plait and:
normal lock-up of gold in;
the new No 1 plant. ‘This!
absorption is expected to}
continue at a diminished:
tate'in the next ‘quarter. °
Gold production -conse-*

“quently felt 3 Percent to

9 203 kgs:

100

* Blandsrand had a satis"
factory quarter with avail-
“able profit increasing by
17 percent to R30,7 mil-
«lion. With an 9 percent in-

{crease in the milling rate
tand improved grade, gold
‘ production - ‘increased, by:

[43 percent to,3.084 kg,” *

fi Ergo! 's: available profit!
‘increased by R1,4. million’
to R8,7-:million iargely as
a result of a drop in capi-:
Sexpénditure “ from,
R3S, tnillion tq RIS mil-;

i In spite of a 13 percent:
{higher slimes treatmenit,
‘rate at 5,4 million tons,
gold production at Ergo
‘Division dropped by 231
kg to 1 595 kg as a result
; of anticipated lower head
grades and an increase in
gold-in-process invento-,
‘ry. Operations at. Sim?
mergo division were satis
factory with gold produc;
tion increasing by 17. 1
cent to 494 kg." »



The Ugandan Government has turned to Sweden and asked for help. President
Musaweni's family--his wife and children--lived in Goteborg until a couple of
months ago, when they were able to return to Uganda. The minister of health

was in Uppsala just recently and returned home with his family, which had been
granted refugee status in Uppsala.

Regular Aid Recipient?

Should this effort be viewed as the first step toward adding Uganda to the
list of countries regularly receiving Swedish aid?

"There were plans in the early 1970's to make Uganda a regular recipient of
Swedish aid, but they fell through, of course, when Idi Amin came to power,"
says Bo Stensson, who is head of SIDA's Disaster Office, which handled the
proposal for aid to Uganda.

Bo Stensson says: "It is too early to say what will happen in that connection,
but it is clear that this is a quite extensive effort. It all depends on the
political intentions within the Swedish Government."

11798
CSO: 3650/244

36



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NAFCOC PRESIDENT SPEAKS AT CONGRESS--Cape Town,=-The president of the National
African Federated Chambers of Commerce (Nafcoc), Dr Sam Motsuenyane, said the
time is ripe for Nafcoc to review its long-standing policy of international
investment in South Africa. Delivering his presidential address at the Nafcoc
congress in Cape Town yesterday, he said the organisation had, for many years,
clung to a strategy of advocating conditional investment. He said that until
Blacks achieved an effective share of the political and economic power, the
Government released political leaders and unbanned Black political organisa-
tions, Nafcoc would not participate in any efforts to encourage new investments
i the country, [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Jul 86 p 12]
9274

MORE LAND FOR QWAQWA+*Capetown-~The Government had decided that 12,000 ha near
Thaba'Nchu would be added to QwaQwa, the Deputy Minister of Development and of
Land Affairs, Mr Ben Wilkens, said yesterday, In a statement released in Cape
Town, he said the land, south of the Bloemfontein/Tiaba'Nchu tarred road, would
be added to the Botshabelo area for eventual inclusion in QwaQwa, [Text]
{Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jul 86 p 9] /9274

EVICTION THREAT TO SOWETAN RENTERS-~Several residents of Orlando East, Soweto
have received letters from the Johannesburg City Council threatening eviction
if they do not pay rent. The residents said they were given until yesterday
to pay, If they failed to do so, they would be evicted within 14 days,

They owe two months' rent, which has not been paid pending the granting of
certain demands, The electricity supply to several houses in Orlando East was
cut after the delivery of the letters. Some residents said they were going to
wait to see what the council would do after the two-week deadline. "As far as
we know nobody is paying rent. I have not paid and I will see what happens in
this 14 days," said one elderly woman. She was saving the money until "we
are told to pay rent again", Another resident claimed officials were incon-
siderate and were taking advantage of the fact that many Orlando East tenants
were elderly, "I gave the letter to my friend to go and inquire on my behalf,
I have not yet paid," said an elderly hawker. One resident said the letters
posed a problem for residents. On one hand was the call not to pay rent, and
on the other there were the letters from the council threatening eviction.

"It puts us in a fix. We have been told that groups of youths hang around the
council offices and follow those who pay their rent,‘ he said. [Text] [By
Mudini Maivha] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jul 86 p 9] /9274

61


UGANDA

PUBLIC SECURITY RESTORED, ECONOMIC POLICY STILL LACKING
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 8 Jul 86 p 3

[Article by Guenter Krabbe: "The Ugandans Are Disillusioned--They Are Not Em-
bittered"]

[Text] The unskilled worker in the factory, the porter in the market, the of-
fice messenger at the mistry work 8 or 9 hours a day, 6 days a week and re-
ceive some 6,000 schillings at the end of the month. This is the level to
which the government of the East African country of Uganda had raised the min-
imum wage 2 years ago; and things have remained that way. However, prices
have run away. If prices more than double within a month, if they increase
10-fold or 18-fold during the course of a year, then it does not make a lot of
Sense to compute a rate of inflation. In actual fact then, it doesn't even
make sense to work.

Six thousand Ugandan schillings are worth $1.20 today or perhaps DM 2.65. A
bunch of cooking bananas, the basic food for Ugandans such as rice or bread,
potatoes or cornmeal elsewhere, costs 10,000 schillings in the market in the
capital city of Kampala and lasts a family of five persons 2-3 days. A kilo-
gram of fish costs 4,500 schillings, a kilogram of soup meat 3,500 schillings,
a pineapple goes for 1,800 schillings. Sugar, the most important source of
energy when one cannot afford fat or meat, costs 12,000-15,000 schillings per
kilogram,

How can the people live on this amount of money? The reporter pays $99 per
night in his hotel which is a lower middle class establishment, but which is
considered to be the peak of luxury in Uganda. The room boy who sweeps and
makes the bed and receives the minimum wage would have to work almost 7 years
for this amount. The better-paid waiter would have to work 2 months to earn
this amount. He earns 18,000 schillings a month, as much as a policeman.

What can one expect from a policeman who cannot even keep his family above wa-
ter for a week on his monthly salary? Will he arrest a thief or would he
rather let him go for a share of the booty?

"What shall I do," asked a department chief in a ministry of this reporter,

"if my office messenger steals a package of carbon paper and sells it in the
city? Naturally, I yell at him. But is he a criminal? The man stares at me
and asks: 'Bwane, jinsi gani? How was that, sir?! And, in truth, how is he

32



PAPER VIEWS EFFECTS IF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS APPLIED

Most Victims Would Be Neighbors
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 6 Jul 86 p 14

{Article by Gerald L'Ange]

[Text]

SAVING South Africa’s
neighbours from the fall-
out from economic sanc-
tions against the Repub-
lic would involve the big-
gest international rescue
mission ever undertaken.

To be effective the exer-
cise would have to be so
large as to eclipse the ef-
forts made to cushion Rho-
desia’s neighbours against

the impace of the anti-UDI ©

sanctions.

It might have to provide
substantial logistical and eco-
nomic aid to as many as eight
countries over a period of sev-

eral years. In the most ex- .

treme case it could involve an

airlift far bigger than the his- *

toric Berlin airlift of 1948.

The Berlin operation, in which
Western air forces flew supplies
to West Berlin when the Soviets
closed the overland routes, lasted

15 months, The planes flew in _

2 109 000 tons of supplies.

This is only about a third of
the annual goods traffic through
South Africa to and from neigh-
bouring states that could be

stopped by sanctions. If all the -

road and rail haulage through

South Africa were halted ‘by
sanctions alternative transport

would have to be found for more |

than 6000000 tons of goods a

year. .
In addition the international

rescue mission would have to
find ways to compensate neigh-
. bouring states for other possible
I

losses.

One of ‘the biggest would be
the earnings of the migrant
workers in the South African
| mining and other industries.

In 1983 the remittances from |

. the 358000 migrant workers put

R678 million into the economies ‘

of their home countries. In some

* cases the remittances formed a
large proportion of the country’s |

national income.

Much of the money earned by
migrant workers goes directly to
Support families in neighbouring
countries.

Based a an estimate that
each worker supports six ile
back home, the migrant workers

. earnings in South Africa current- ,
ly support nearly 2500 000 people

in other countries.

Finding ways to raise and-

channel compensation for the
loss of this support would be a
huge problem on its own.

Botswana, Lesotho and Swazi- *

* land at present get a major pro-

64

SOUTH AFRICA

portion of their revenue from
their share of the tariffs from the
Southern African Customs Union,
of which South Africa is the
major partner.

The payout forms more than
50 percent of Swaziland’s nation-
al revenue and more than 30 per-
cent of the revenue of Botswana
and Lesotho.

Some economists say the three
countries could raise much the
same volume of revenue by
handling their own customs tar-

° ifs.

Nevertheless, a sudden disrup-

: tion of the system through sanc-

tions could pose serious short-

. term problems for them and add
1» to the difficulties of any interna-

tional assistace operation.
Another critical area would be

‘electric power. Botswana, Le-

sotho, Swaziland and southern
Mozambique depend heavily on
South Africa for power. Pretoria
could paralyse all of Lesotho and
the Mozambique capital and en-

,Virons by flicking a switch.

It would take costly, long-term

Structural projects to end the de-

; pendence of Lesotho and Maputo. °

The neighbouring countries’
major vulnerability is in trans-
port, hdwever.

Most of Southern Africa’s im-
ports and exports: — ‘about



SOUTH AFRICA

COPPER, ZINC PRODUCER IMPROVES QUARTERLY RESULTS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jul 86 p 25

[Text]

/9317
CSO: 3400/287

THE copperlzinc produc-
er, PRIESKA, improved
its quarterly results; de-
spite lower despatches,
improved sales prices and
the weaker . rand/dollar
exchangé rate caused op-
erating profit to jump to
R9 912 000CRI1 768 000).

Zinc sales to a major
consumer were —_sus-
pended during the March
quarter following a dis-
pute which is being taken
to arbitration. However,
during the quarter — and
pending the outcome of
these proceedings — in-
terim sales arrangements
were negotiated.

Ore milled was consid-
erably higher, the March
figure being lower be-
cause of the reclamation
and treatment: of addit-
ional payable ore from
old stoping areas — which
has enabled the mine to
extend its life but which
leads to fluctuations in
mill throughput. Copper
head grades were higher,
but the zine average de-

101

creased, leading to higher ©
copper concentrate pro-
duction, but a lower fig-
ure for zinc. .

After adding non-min-
ing income to operating
profit, and deducting tax-
ation and a stores adjust-
ment, the after-tax profit
was lifted to R6 275 000
“(R1 703 000).

CONSOLIDATED
MURCHISON’s results
show that although net in-
come from antimony con-
centrate sales was lower,
this was more than made
| up by improved gold sales
revenue.

Working | éosts were:
‘little changed, but pro-
specting expenditure in-
creased by R243 000 and
the pre-tax profit was
R18 000 lower. However,
sharply increased capital
,expenditure led to a tax
‘eredit, as opposed to the
tax charge in the March
quarter, with the result
that after-tax profit rose
by 2530000 to
R3 987 000.



economic growth in 1984, and the Plan target of overall growth rate of 5.1%,
unemployment. could remain unacceptable high unless Government makes concerted
efforts in channelling investment into areas that have potential for generating
employment opportunities, In this connection Government will divert about
47,0% of total investment into productive sectors of the economy,"

Thus the primary instrument for dealing with unemployment is intended to be
investment, with the emphasis on the productive sectors of the economy—agri-
culture, mining and manufacturing. The planners are not very optimistic about
the likely results of this strategy, The figures they present show that they
actually expect the proportion of the working age population in formal wage em-
ployment to fall over the plan period, In other words, they expect that, even
if all the targets of the Plan are met, the unemployment problem will get
worse,
Unfortunately, the Plan is more of a statement of intention rather than a pro-
gramme of action, Furthermore, it is in the nature of plans that the published
document is. simply the tip of the iceberg, representing only a small fraction
of the work that has gone into its formulation, It therefore does not present
all the reasoning that lies behind what appears in print. However, in order to
assess the Plan, we do need to try and reconstruct what the Planners’ rea-
soning probably was. To do this, it is useful to begin with what they see as
the causes of unemployment, .

They identify three primary causes-~the

recession and drought, wage increases, and
rapid population growth: “In- summary,
therefore, the primary causes of growth in
unemployment’ were: the decline in the
economy’s labour’ absorptive capacity
which resulted from’ the economic diffi-
culties of three successive years of drought
and recession, and the tendency among

enterprises to shift from labour intensive to ;

capital intensive techniques of production
on account of wage increases. Rapid popu-

lation growth also aggravated the pro-

blem.”*

On this basis it seems reasonable that the

main solution should be to try and increase
the economy’s absorptive capacity by build-
ing up the stock of productive capital
through investment. It also makes sense to
extend family planning services as is the in-
tention. It might also be logical to restrict
wage increases, although this is not suggest-
ed in the Plan.

However, despite the apparently reason-
able connection between the causes of the
problem and the general thrust of the Plan-
ners’ proposals, one is still left with a feel-
ing of dissatisfaction on two counts. Firstly,
given the seriousness which the planners
acknowledge the problem to be, one might
be disappointed that they can only recom-
mend strategies which, by their own admis-
sion, will not only fail to solve it but will

{ allow it to worsen. Desperate situations re-
' quire desperate remedies. Is there actually
| nothing that can be done, other than to
) pursue essentially the same policies which
| have failed to work in the past and, accord-
| ing to the Planners, will fail to work in the
| future? a a
; > The second redson for dissatisfaction lies
with the apparent : reasoning which lies
behind the planners’ analysis of the causes
of the problem. The three reasons given are
‘correct, but they represent only the im-
! mediate causes. They are a shorthand way
of summarising a much more complex
chain of causes, which it is worth examin-
ing, so as to get to grips with the real issues.
Why did the drought and international
recéssion ‘‘cause”? unemployment in the
formal sector? Primarily, because they
reduced the level of demand in the
-economy. This being so, it seems
anomalous on the face of it that, at the
height of a recession caused by lack of de-
mand, the government entered into an
agreement with the IMF which aimed~
directly at feducing demand further,
through restraints on both the budget
deficit and wage increases.
When we look further, however, there is
apparent sense in the move. Both the world
-recession and the drought caused export



AUSTRALIA LOSES MASSIVE WHEAT CONTRACT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Jul 86 p 13

{Text ]

AUSTRALIA has lost
a massive contract to
supply South Africa
with 66000 tons of
wheat.

This comes in the wake
of the ruling Australian
Labour Party approving a
set of limited anti-SA
trade sanctions.

The Minister of Agri-
cultural Economics and
Water Affairs, Mr Greyl-
ing Wentzel, announced
yesterday that the Gov-
ernment is to import
66 000 tons of wheat from
America.

The contract = was
awarded to the company
F R Warings.

According to reports,
Australia delayed the an-
nouncement of the impo-
sition of sanctions until
news of who had received
the tender was an-
nounced. Australia was
informed late on Wednes-
day.

America, Australia and
Canada tendered for the
contract. According to
the general manager of
the Wheat Board, Mr
Dennis van Aarde, all
three tenders were very
competitive.

He said the Wheat
Board submitted the ten-
ders to Mr Wentzel for his

13104
cso: 3400/266

final decision on who
would get the tender. It is
understood that Mr
Wentzel’s decision was in-
fluenced by Australia’s
political stancé towards
South Africa.

Mr Van Aarde said that
Australia had an oversur-
plus of wheat and no-one
to sell it to. .

He said South Africa at
present consumed 2,2-
millions tons of wheat a
year. This included the
150,000 tons it exported
to neighbouring states.

He said due to econom-
ic conditions over the past
10 years, South Africa
was only able to produce
about 1,9 million tons of
wheat a year. This meant
it had to import wheat
from overseas.

In his announcement
yesterday, Mr Wentzel
said the 66000 tons of
wheat South Africa was
importing from US brings
to 301 000 tons of wheat it
has imported during the

st few months. The

reakdown was 55 000
tons from Canada, 90 000
tons from Australia and
156 000 tons from the US.

Mr Wentzél said the
Government had been
forced to import wheat
because of unfavourable
climatic conditions, es-

84

SOUTH AFRICA

pecially during the past
few years.

_ _He said contrary to
other —drought-stricken
African countries, South
Africa found itself in the
favourable position of be-
ing able to supplement its
food “shortfalls. through
imports, which are settled
for in cash.

“In addition, South
Africa also supplies wheat
to certain other African
countries, which in the
current year will entail
deliveries of about
150.000 tons to neigh-
bouring states.” .

He pointed out that un-
til now, South Africa had
not encountered any ma-
jor obstacles to its trade
with overseas countries
and he hoped that, in
light of possible trade
sanctions, its trading part-
ners would oblige their in-
ternational treaty com-
mittments., .

“Should it, however,
develop differently in fu-
ture, the South African
Government will perforce
have to drastically review
its purcl licy from
abroad.” spony

He said further wheat
supplies would, in all pro-
bability, have to be im-
ported from overseas in
the near future.



request-for-proposal documents and construction supervision on water supplies
for some 15 cities. Completion of the work, which is being financed by the
Reconstruction Credit Institute, is projected for May 1985 [sic]. In Zaire,
Gauff Engineering was entrusted at the end of 1985 with full preconstruction
planning of a project and preparation of the corresponding request-for-
proposal documents. This project concerns drinking water supplies for the
three cities of Isiro, Bunia and Goma, The work is expected to be finished
in mid-1987. The African Development Bank is covering the financing for this
project as well.

IGIP, the Engineering Corporation for International Planning Tasks, Ltd, of
Darmstadt received new contracts in the People's Republic of Benin, Burkina
Faso, Mali, the Ivory Coast, Cameroon and Togo. In the People's Republic of
Benin, IGIP undertook as. a consortium member construction planning for the
city of Porto Novo's water. supply. The preparation of a preliminary study on
the water supplies of 15 communities was also turned over to this firm. It has
also been engaged on the water supplies of 12 communities and the city of
Natitingou.. In the spring of 1986, the sponsor of these projects, the Benin
Electricity and Water Corporation (SBEE) of Cotonou, held competitions for
delivery of needed equipment and material. In 1985, the Federal Republic
granted the People's Republic of Benin a subsidy of DM 24 million for
district center water supplies.

IGIP, as a consortium member, is consulting on rural water supplies in Burkina
Faso, while in Mali it is advising on rehabilitation of water supply systems.
In the Ivory Coast, IGIP has become involved as a consortium member in sewage
disposal for nine communities. The firm undertook consulting tasks on water
supplies for Baham in Camerron and on water supplies for three communities in
Zaire. It is also advising the government's supply enterprise, Regidesco, in
Zaire. .

In January 1986, the Federal Republic granted Togo capital assistance of DM
4.9 million for the construction of a central water supply system in Tchamba
(population approximately 16,000) and the surrounding villages in the central
region. IGIP was appointed engineering consultant firm for this project of
the Togo National Water Agency (RNET) in Lome, completion of which is planned
for early 1988.

The new area of operations of AHT (Agricultural and Hydraulic Technology Ltd),
Essen, comprises the West African states of Mauritania, Mali, Niger and the
Ivory Coast. The firm was included as a consortium partner in the irrigation
of agricultural. acreage in Mauritania. In Mali, AHT undertook consulting
tasks on the rehabilitation of irrigated croplands. In the Republic of Niger,
the preparation.of a study on small-scale irrigation was turned over to this
firm. In the Ivory Coast, AHT was entrusted as a consortium member with the
elaboration of a study on irrigated rice production. Hydroplan Engineering
Corporation Ltd, of Herdecke/Ruhr, has made commitments in Senegal, Niger,
Liberia, the People's Republic of the Congo and Cameroon. In Senegal,
Hydroplan provided technical assistance on maintenance of water supply systems
as part of a joint venture. In the Republic of Niger, the firm has become
active in a project for city sewage and for implementation of hygiene measures.
It was assigned preparation of a study on irrigation in Liberia.



SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

BLACKS

Disneyland-Like Park Planned for Bophuthatswana
(DIE BURGER, 11 Jun 86) ....

Government Aid to Farmers Praised
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 9.Jun 86) ..

Businessmen's Involvement in Solution to Problems Viewed
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 10 Jun 86) ......

Actions Leading to State of Emergency Analyzed
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 13 Jun. 86) ...cesceecsseceseseceees

Fanaroff Speaks at Mawu Annual Congress
(CITY PRESS, 6 Jul 86) ..scscecscecececcvevscncsscesesceees

Bophuthatswana Defense Force Now Has Crack Paratroopers
(PARATUS, Jul 86) ..ccecccccccccccccccccrececeresesecsesess

Crossroads Refugees Threatened With Eviction From Shelters
(THE NEW. NATION, 3-16 Jul 86) ..sceccesceccececcerervcecece

Winterveld Residents Organize To Fight Repression
(Cedric Kekana; THE NEW NATION, 3-16 Jul 86) ..

Briefs
Nafcoc President Speaks at Congress
More Land for Qwaqwa
Eviction Threat to Sowetan Renters
Teachers Back People's Education
NUM-on Gold Miners' Plight
Bophuthatswana Overspends
Pamphlets Against UDF

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Paper Views Effects If Economic Sanctions Applied
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 6 Jul 86) ..ecccesceecescecevceccersececs

Most Victims Would Be Neighbors, by Gerald L'Ange
On Zambia

On Lesotho

On Mozambique

On Botswana

On Swaziland

On Malawi

48

49

50

51

53

54

56



©)

ZIMBABWE

COMMENTATORS DIFFER ON NATION'S FIVE-YEAR PLAN

People Take Second Place

Gweru MOTO in English No 46 pp 5-6

{Text }
THE first thing that strikes one about the
FFNDP is its modest targets: .

(a) The anticipated growth rate is 5,1%
p.a. compared with 8% in the last Plan.
(b) The number of people to be settled on
land is targeted at 15 000 families each
year, compared to $4 000 families in the
Transitional Plan.
The total formal sector employment to
be generated during the five-year Plan
period is anticipated to be a modest
figure of 144 000, that is, an average of
28 800 jobs a year. This is a far cry
from the 85 000 school leavers seeking
jobs last year rising to probably 120 000
by the end of the Plan period. .
One must be forgiven for asking the
question: what is the point of “planning” if
the Plan only caters for a small percentage
of the nation’s population? Does it mean
that all the others not provided for in the
Plan must ‘‘plan’® for themselves? Let us »
put this in more concrete terms. i
Nobody has carried out a precise estimate
of how many people in Zimbabwe need
land and resettlement. At a guess, one
would say that the long years of colonial
deprivation and the ensuing war of libera- ,
tion had left at least a million families in
need of more or better land. Since indepen- :
dence, however, only about 40 000 families
have been settled. H
If the Government manages to settle an‘
additional 75 000 families in the next five
years, as provided for in the Plan, the total
number of families settled in the first ten
years after independence would be 115 000
families. This is barely 11,5 percent of the!
at least million families who we estimate
need land and resettlement.

Similarly, if we now look at those seeking
formal employment, we estimate that over
the next five years there are likely to be at
least 500 000 school-leavers alone looking
for jobs. Add to this the officially recog-
nised back-log of 255 000..1f we add to
these another 250 000 (very conservatively
estimated) who will be forced out of the
communal areas trying to seek jobs in the
urban centres, we have a total of a million
people seeking jobs in the next five years.
Against this, the FFNDP promises to find
jobs for only 144 000, that is about 15% of
the million job-seekers,

In other, words, there is something
seriously wrong with the whole “planning”
concept of the -Ministry of Finance and
Economic Planning, for, by its own admis-
sion, it cannot “plan’’ for more than 10%

, to 15% of the most significant sections of
our population, For the remaining 85% to
' 90% of the population, the Government
| will provide some kind of infrastructure,
such as schools, roads and farm inputs, but
; to all intents and purposes they must look
; after themselves.
, The fact that the Plan can provide for
ly a small fraction of the population is
not surprising, for it takes not a. “‘people-
oriented” approach to planning, but a
.““production-oriented” approach to it, In
other words, instead of asking how the 8,5
million people of Zimbabwe can best
. employ themselves in creative and produc-
tive work, the Plan sets out ‘“‘production
targets’’ and on that basis it has determined
how many people can fit into those targets.

Development is seen as some kind of a
“technical” process, and the leading role
here is given to CAPITAL and not to PEO-
PLE. In other words, it is capital that sets

39



19274
cso:

3400/264

Africa remained the main sup-
plier of Zimbabwe’s imports,
supplying R230 million worth
against Britain’s R130 million.

South Africa: remained the
main trading partner with an
overall two-way trade figure of
‘R382 million.

South African Transport Ser-
vices say they moved 1175098
ton of imports to Zimbabwe in
1984-85, of which 444752 were
fromm overseas, which would
mean 730 346 originated in
South Africa.

“In. that year SATS trains
moved 797 281 tons of exports
from Zimbabwe but only 96 616
tons. went out through South
African ports, indicating. that
the major portion either ‘re-
mained in South Africa or was
re-exported later, possibly
after being processed.
LABOUR: Relatively few Zim-
babweans work in South Afri+
ca — only 7742 officially im
1983 — but their deferred pay
and remittances put nearly:
R9 000 000 into Zimbabwe's for!
eign exchange coffers.
POWER: The Beira pipeline

70

makes Zimbabwe independent:
of South Africa for fuel im-

ports.
Nearly all her electric power
is generated internally.
COMMUNICATIONS: Satellite
linkage has made’ Zimbabwe
independent: of South Africa for
telecommunications. South
Africa and Zimbabwe ex-
change scheduled air services.
TOURISM: The tourist trade has
been brisk and has big poten-

tial.

In 1984-74 442 South Africans
visited Zimbabwe and 196 681
Zimbabweans went to the. Re-
public — 151 754 as tourists.
VETERINARY COOPERATION:
South Africa supplied 1 647 239.
doses of animal vaccines to
Zimbabwe in 1983-84.

HEALTH: South African’ hospi-
tals treated 182 Zimbabwean
patients in 1983-84 and 3200
eaten human vaccines were,
EDUCATION: Between 1979 and
1985, 11817 Zimbabwean stu-
dents enrolled at South Afri-
can higher education institutes.



clearly. that we are educating for
community development,” he said;

@ Early childhood. learning for
black communities, “traditionally at
the bottom of.the scale of government
concern, must claim the official
acknowledgement and promotion it
deserves”. °F UE Et

“It is the view of intellectual cynics
that education does’ not change
existing political and: economic
structures,” he Said. «* # s

“The view, one suspects, is a result
of the general one of education as an
institution of certificates and diplomas

rather than as process; as knowledge
as a packaged commodity to be
acquired over. the counter and
consumed, rather than as an act of
knowing and establishing
relationships between phenomena and

human activities ...

“At grassroots level, where black
people ‘traditionally operaté,
education cannot be taken for granted.
Here the printed word alone takes on
an almost magical independent life;
with a potential to stimulate inquiry, a
sense of adventure, and the longing
for mastery of one’s environment, for
the ability to discover.”

Where To Spend Money

WHEN more than half the children in
black schools fail at least once between
Grade 1 and Std 2, should pre-school
bridging programmes be installed?

Or should limited resources rather
be spent on improving the Grade 1
curriculum?

A paper delivered at last week’s
Montessori conference by Christine

Liddell of, the Institute for.

Behavioural Sciences at Unisa would
tend to favour the second approach.
More than 50 percent of black
working women in South Africa have
children of pre-school age, she noted,
and listed three alternatives for child
care: an élitist option, “in which funds.
are allocated primarily to children
showing early promise”; the option
for disadvantage, “in which funds are,
devoted primarily to children living
in conditions of extreme deprivation”;
anda third option, involving
“providing a minimum standard of
care for as many children as possible;
regardless of their prospects of,
abilities”, o's To +
- Given that a limited’ amount of
money has been designated for black

pre-school programmes, she said she .

would chose the third. :'

79

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 11-17 Jul 86 p 4

| “This may be inimical to the
{educational philosophy of most people
lattending this conference,” she said,
“but it may be the most pragmatic.
‘solution in the present circumstances.”

That it-could also help to “preserve
{children’s normal development” is
lindicated by the results of research
undertaken in an overcrowded
township creche near Pretoria; a day
school run for Bushman children
living in an SADF settlement in
Namibia; and, as a baseline, in high-
grade British and American nursery
schools. :

All groups were “assessed through
turalistic observations of free play
4... long accepted as a means of
establishing levels of pre-school
competence."

Conditions were markedly different
in each group.

In the township school, there were
83 children in a classroom, with a
teacher/child ration of one to 42; there
were no adult-led educational

_ activities, no building blocks, no
paints — but 55 intact toy cars, teapots

_ and dolls and 71 broken examples of

the same.



JPRS-SSA-86-084

7 AUGUST 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

<—S
<—_
Coo
OWTRBOTION STATEMENT F* ed
Approved for pablle ralesre s
Distribation Unituitted
—
—>
-
[DTIC QUALISY awerRCTED 3 —_> ——
|

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY jie
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE | f
NATIONAL TECHNICAL \
INFORMATION SERVICE 107

SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

J im oe
A
hO6



New Fishing Enterprise Created in Nampula
(NOTICIAS, 11 Jun 86) .esscscccscceccescceceecseeeseneeee

Briefs
Soviet Delegation Visits Press

SENEGAL

1986-1987 Armed Forces Budget Detailed
(AFRICAN ‘DEFENCE JOURNAL, Jul 86) ..

SOMALIA

Briefs
Refugee Figures

UGANDA

Public Security Restored, Economic Policy Still Lacking
(Guenter Krabbe; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 8 Jul 86) ........

Police Arrest "Undisciplined' Soldiers
(DAILY TIMES, 20 Jun 86) ...cscsescecccesccecsecsccesecuecs

Swedish Aid Agency Recommends Emergency Assistance -
(Peter Bratt; DAGENS NYHETER, 14 Jun 86) .

Kampala Seen Facing Long Term Water Shortage
(WEEKLY TOPIC, 25 Jun 86) eee eceeeee

ZIMBABWE

Commentators Differ on Nation's Five-Year Plan
(MOTO, No 46, 1986) ...cecescccsccecceecscessescseeseeneees

People Take Second Place
Unemployment To Get Worse
Productive Sectors To Benefit

Minister Addresses Church Body on RSA Struggle
(Harare Domestic Service, 14 Jul 86) dence eee eecce cee ceree

Experts Report ‘High Likelihood' of. Exploitable Reserves
(Robin Drew; THE STAR, 15.Jul 86) eee cece ence eee eeereeeee

Briefs
Zapu Member Cleared
Aid Deal With Cuba Signed

25

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32

34

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43

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47



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

SOVIET DELEGATION VISITS PRESS--The delegation from the Communist Party of
the Soviet Union visited the offices of the newspapers NOTICIAS and

DOMINGO in Maputo yesterday afternoon. Earlier. the delegation had visited
other national information media, namely Radio Mozambique, AIM, the magazine
TEMPO, and Experimental Television. For about an hour and a half the dele-
gation from PCUS, headed by Pavel Petrik, Secretary of the Communist Party
of Moldavia, visited the offices of the two newspapers and talked with
management representatives, The delegation was escorted by Major General
Bonifacio Gruveta, member of Frelimo, and head of party's ODM's, The
visitors were received at the Newspaper Society by Mario Ferro, chief
editor, Henrique Costa, manager of the offices, Ferdinando Mendes,
administrative head, and Francisco Assis Laice, Cell Secretary of the
Frelimo party. The picture shows the Soviet delegation observing the
operation of an electronic compositing machine which was restored to
operation last week after being idle for 12 years. The operational status
of the machine is the result of an ongoing program of equipment repair and
infrastructure improyement at the newspaper; improvement in work conditions,
begun at the beginning of the year, is also showing visible results, [Text]
[Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Jun 86 p 2] 12857/9835

CsO: 3442/253

27



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86



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

TV, PRESS INFLUENCE--The majority of English-speaking South Africans don't
watch TV news bulletins. Only 39,8 percent of the white audience tuning in
to English TV news is English-speaking. The rest are Afrikaans-speaking.
The figure for the number of English-speaking people who watch Afrikaans
news is 28,4 percent. These figures were given at the annual meeting of
the FAK (Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurverenigings) yesterday in
Johannesburg. Dr Andries J.G. Oosthuizen, a member of the President's
Council, said TV was the medium which gave the Afrikaans language the
largest exposure. This was not the case in the newspaper industry, he
said. English newspapers had a market share of nearly 78 percent.
"Especially illuminating is the vast influence of English papers on black
and Asian readers. Nearly half an English daily paper's readers is black.
"In the case of Afrikaans dailies, the figure for Asian and black readers
is less than five percent," Dr Oosthuizen said. "This indicates that
black and Asian readers are, in a one-sided manner, exposed to opinion-
forming by the English Press. Views through the Afraikaans Press: do not
reach them. "And unknown is unloved," Dr Oosthuizen said. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jul 86 p 9] /9317

CSO: 3400/283

81



In Tanzania, at the beginning of 1986, the two Japanese firms Kajima
Corporation and Mitsui Company Ltd. were entrusted with the construction of
a container terminal in the port of Dar es Salaam. The value of the
contract for them is reported as $22.5 million. Specifically, the Japanese
will refurbish three existing storage areas for container traffic, set up

a container depot and build a warehouse. In the framework of a modernization
program, provision is being made for the construction at a later time of a
grain silo and the upgrading of eight other storage areas. To finance the
modernization program, which is being carried out by the state-owned
Tanzania Harbour Authority (THA), the International Development Association
granted a credit line of $27 million. The British firm Bertlin & Partners
also got the consulting contract for the project in Dar es Salaam. The
European Development Fund approved in the spring of 1985 an amount of

$7.3 million for the modernization of harbors on the islands of Zanzibar and
Pemba.

In the island state of the Seychelles, a new fishing port is to be built in
Victoria on Mahe during the course of the new Five-Year PLan. For the
development of the fishing industry, expenditures totalling around 217.56
million Seychelles rupees (1 Seychelles rupee = about DM 0.42) are expected.
For the new fishing port and the required infrastructure a dock 92 meters
long for tuna fishing boats is being provided. Furthermore, fishing vessels
are to be built and modernized in the new fishing port. The African
Development Bank granted the Seychelles a ¢redit line of 5.7 million
Accounting Units (1 Accounting Unit = about US $1.07) in mid-February 1985
for the improvement of the commercial port of Victoria.

In Madagascar international bids were invited in the spring of 1986 for
construction and maintenance work in the modernization of the harbor of
Manangareza and the port facilities in Toamasina (Canal de Pangalanes).

The project is being financed with funds from the African Development Fund.
The French port authority Port autonome du Havre took on at the end of 1985
the consulting responsibilities for the rehabilitation of Madagascar ports.
In this project it is working with experts of BCEOM, mentioned above, and
Sofremer. Besides this, Madagascar harbor staff are expected to be trained.
In the framework of its ongoing investment programs (1984-1987) the govern-
ment expects investments of 26.4 billion francs Malgaches (100 francs
Malgaches = about DM 0.44) to be needed for harbors and shipping, 15.3 billion
of it in the form of foreign exchange.

The Government of Mozambique is working on the modernization and improvement
of its three deep seaports of Beira, Maputo and Nacala, which also play an
important role as transit ports for the landlocked countries of Zimbabwe,
Malawi, Zambia and Swaziland. The Republic of South Africa is interested
in the port of Maputo in order to utilize it for the export of coal, sugar,
steel and ores, For Zimbabwe the port of Beira has special significance,
since for its rehabilitation and improvement a meeting took place in
mid-April 1986 between representatives of the Southern African Development
Coordination Conference (SADCC), to which seven nations belong, and those
of western capital donor countries as well as international organizations.
In the near future, expenditures of $69 million are expected in the period



SOUTH AFRICA

ACTIONS LEADING TO STATE OF EMERGENCY ANALYZED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 13 Jun 86 p 18 7
(Bditorial: "The State of Emergency")

[Text] The declaration of the state of emergency must be juageat against, the
background of the serious threat to the security of the state, about which the
president informed the people of South Africa yesterday afternoon. The
seriousness of the situation is evident from the fact that he took’ the country
«into his’ confidence’ about information which is oftén regarded as very
sensitive: Everything indicates that plans have been devised to have the
revolutionary onslaught on South Africa increase in fierceness. ‘The Planned
actions of radicals, which Pres P.W. Botha somewhat brought into the open, has
necessitated urgent preventive measures by the government... Whenver large-
scale unrest, supported by sabotage and terror, is organized, no government
may neglect to take precautions against it. That is why numerous people have
been‘ taken into custody nationwide.” South Africa has for a long time now not
been contending with isolated incidents of unrest springing from people's
dissatisfaction with their living conditions. It is purely a matter ofa
sectional ‘takeover of ‘power. . :

The president pointed out, among other things, that security experts warn that
the whole country has become a target area for radical aims. This opinion
must'be seen in ‘connection with the position of the Politburo of the SA
Communist Party that the endeavor for a "violent takeover" must not be
abandoned. Western countries should also’ show concern about this. Would any
of them have acted differently if they were aware of such a threat against
themselves? They should also realize that it is the government's very
reforms which are spurring the ‘revolutionary forces on to become more
reckless. Reform takes the wind out their sails’ and their plans are thwarted.
Rebellion against the government must therefore be fomented and negotiation,
as it is stated, can only be considered when oppeait-ion to the SA Communist
Party and the ANC has been demolished "by force."

The government would obviously rather have preferred to use other forces to
prevent attempts at organized violence and undermining the state aiitthority. “A
state of emergency has a depressing effect, and in South Africa's case this
will result in hysterical reaction abroad and in certain circles at home.
Because it wanted to avoid this, new security legislation was introduced in

51



W. Areas

/9317
CSO: 3400/287

iy

Tons
milled | Yield

1502 |

44
1614 40
2
99 42

93

165,9
173,0

289,1°

Profit
Net After

Rev." Profit Capex
RiKg . R.000's © A000's
22462 76270 14610
21098 ° 51361 © 14.355
24895 | 35720 782
‘93877 | 20863 ©3815


WESTERN CAPE

72

ABRAHAMS David 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
‘ABRAKAMS Gregory 12/06/86 Cape Town 22/06/86
‘ADAMS Bethina 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
‘ADONIS Myra 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
ARMED Amin . 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
ALBERTUS’ Anwar M, "19/06/86 Worcester 25/06/86
ALBERTUS =. Anvar 12/06/86 Cape Town 24/06/86
|AREXDSE Willian 12/06/86 Cape Ton 20/06/86
ASBEY Rooney 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
ASHMOODIA —Kazeen 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
BARXARD Charles 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
/BASSLEK Killie 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
BLAU Moffat 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
posMAy Rodney 15/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
BRON Valencia 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
BROWN Danny 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
|CHRISTIAAKS Jeremiah 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
|CLAASEX Quinton 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
BANOS Bettie 17/06/86 Cape Town :
DANIELS Louise 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
DAVIDS .* Kevin 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86,
DE SRUIN = Trevor "12/06/86 Cape Town 24/06/86
BE BRYN = Trevor V.G. 19/06/86 Worcester 25/06/86
[DLANOKD Riwrad 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
DOCHERTY == Scott. 12/06/86 Cape Town 18/06/86 deported
FESTER Charlene — 15/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
Fie Leslie + 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
FISWER Martin 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
FORTUIN Charmaine 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
FORTUSE Grace 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
FORTUKE Dennis 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
FOURIE Araien 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
CASEY Elise 17/06/86 Cape Tom 20/06/86
| ceoRcE Jerowe 15/06/86 Matroosfontein 20/06/86
}couaTa: Jacqueline 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
]GROOTBOOM- Richard 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
HERMAKUS “ Susan 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
aL Jackie 12/06/86-Cape Town 20/06/86
JACKSON Joshua 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
JACKSON - Glenda "12/06/86 Cape Town 22/06/86
JACKSON Manuel 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
JSACOBS Stanley 12/06/86 Paarl 20/06/86
JOB Hazel +17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
SOWARKES Richard 12/06/86 Cape, Town 20/06/86
SOHN Barry 15/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
JJONATHAR “Stanley 12/06/86 Cape ‘Town 20/06/86
(SORIES ‘Robin 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
XAWIE Atchard 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
OOEMAR Matimel ©. / 12/06/86 Cape Toun 20/06/86
WESTERN CAPE

ROOPMAN Andre 17/06/86 Cape Town 24/06/86
LAYBURS Father 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
LEKAY Brenda 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
LEKAY Christians 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
LIGHT Clinton 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
‘Louw Joshua _ 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
Low Wayne 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
Loux Joseph 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
MADALA Andrew 17/06/86 Cape Town - 20/06/86
MANUEL Thomas 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
MARTINUS — Jobn 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
MARTINUS “Chris 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
MEYER Timothy 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
MEYER Anthony 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
OCkHUIS Hendrick 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
OCKHUIS Dirk 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
OCKHUIS Stoffel 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
PHILAKDER Desmond 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
PHILIPS Ronald 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
PHILIPS Jackie 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
PIETERS Bernice 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
PIETERSEN —_Brend: 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
PIETERSEN Lillian 17/06/86 20/06/86
PRETORIUS Anthony 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
PRETORIUS Mervyn 17/06/86 Cape ‘Town 20/06/86
PRICHARDT Yolanda _-J2/06/86 Cape Ton 20/06/86
RAMBOLD Dennis 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
RAMORA ‘Susan 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
RAMORA Arlene 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
‘REEDLINGHUIS Mary 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86
ROUX a 12/06/86 Cape Town 22/06/86



to come to grips with his wages--how is he to live?" And so the department
chief lets the miscreant go. But the carbon paper is not locked up in future
because, for 15 years, the lock has been missing from the door. Incidentally,
the department chief receives a high salary. It is equivalent to that of the
chief physician in a government hospital. The doctor in a mission hospital
receives less.

No one can explain to this reporter why the people even work for such wages
which one would not dare to give as a tip elsewhere. But they do it. Perhaps
they want to assure themselves of a job against the time when things will
again improve. They are not without roots and tied to city life. Like all
cities in East Africa, the first-generation residents of Kampala either them-
selves came from the land or are children of new migrants. They all still
have relatives in the villages, most still have their shambas, most still have
their small acreage, many still have their wives in the country to till the
fields. They could return at any time and would have sufficient food to eat.
No other country in East or Central Africa is as fruitful as Uganda and no
country on the entire continent is so well provided with water. In fact,
thousands upon thousands retreated to the country and into the bush when the
despotic Idi Amin devastated the city economy--the factories, trade, the ad-
ministration--and when his military broke into the houses and apartments with
murder in their heart. When, under the next dictator Obote the military
burned the villages and also slaughtered the people on the land, many returned
to the city. There they now hoped that the economy would recover and that
life would become easier once more.

But will it become easier? The new regime of guerrilla leader Museveni is
still completely occupied with establishing itself following the long civil
war. Armed groups which have not become reconciled to their own defeat or,
better said, have not become reconciled to the victory by the Museveni group,
still exist. In the Karakomja region, what comes out of the Kalaschnikov is
more the law of the land than ever before. Although the political parties
have been obligated to stand still and to be silent in return for being able
to send powerless ministers to serve in the cabinet, the maneuvering continues
beneath the surface, even more than before. Journalists, officials, soldiers,
and constantly new groups are ordered by the regime to attend political semi-
nars where the new thinking is to be imparted to them.

Thus far, the regime has not taken any time to develop an economic policy. No
one knows what the course will be, whether the regime will actually favor any
kind of socialism or whether it will give the people economic freedom. Not a
single businessman has yet begun to rebuild his establishment or his enter-
prise or even to make new investments. Abroad, the enthusiasm over the down-
fall of Obote and the reestablishment of public security has dissipated; de-
velopmental aid is missing. Museveni has been in power now for half a year,
but has not brought the better life. Ugandans are disillusioned, very disil-
lusioned. But they are not embittered. They have even found their friendli-
ness and politeness again--something which had been abandoned for 20 long
years. The fact that shooting is not heard every night and that people no
longer disappear, villages no longer burn, the fact that murders and assaults
are no longer done by the military but by completely ordinary robbers--this is
worth a lot to them and permits them to tolerate this intolerable life.

5911
CsO: 3420/47

33



ZIMBABWE

MINISTER ADDRESSES CHURCH BODY ON RSA STRUGGLE
MB160646 Harare Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 14 Jul 86

[Text] As the fight against apartheid continues to intensify, churches in
South Africa and Namibia should brace themselves for difficult times. The
remark was made by the minister of information, posts, and telecommunications,
Comrade Nathan Shamuyarira, when he addressed a 2-day seminar of the

Zimbabwe Council of Churches in Harare today.

Comrade Shamuyarira called on the churches to give all forms of assistance to
those waging a relentless war against South Africa's policy of racial segre-
gation. He said the transfer of power to the [word indistinct] is a deli-
cate (?process) which needs (?tact), understanding, and [word indistinct].

The minister (?also) said the dark clouds of war and conflict are gathering
in southern Africa, because of the intransigence of the Botha administration,
which is now under pressure from the oppressed black majority and the inter-
national community.

Comrade Shamuyarira told participants that the organized masses in South
Africa are now ready to take greater risks for the liberation of their
country. The minister added that funerals of fallen comrades have become
moments of solidarity and the segregated African townships have become areas
of great agitation and violent opposition to the evil policy of apartheid.

Comrade Shamuyarira pointed out that the oppressed masses [words indistinct]
inside South Africa are now on the offensive, while the Boers are on the
defensive.

/6662
cso: 3400/278

45



SOUTH AFRICA

BUSINESSMEN'S INVOLVEMENT IN SOLUTION TO PROBLEMS VIEWED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 Jun 86 p 10
(Editorial: "Businessmen's Plaris'']

The comprehensive proposals for economic and political reforms which more than
600 of South Africa's foremost business leaders have now come up with shows an
honest attempt to find solutions to difficult national problems. From the
time’ devoted to formulating recommendations, it is evident that the business
sector did not just want to shoot in the dark. In several cases the
businessmen even tried to spell out particularities as to how certain problems
ought to be handled. Whether they discovered new wisdoms or solutions in the
process is another question. One of the most important proposals in the Unisa
Report is, for example, that direct political representation should be
instituted for Blacks at all levels of govermment. That should occur

negotiation with recognized black léaders. But is that not precisely the
government's aim? Talks are indeed going on with some black leaders. ‘The
problem is to give political credibility to those talks. That will be
possible if respected: black leaders are willing to promise their support to
the proposed National Council in public. They are hesitant about doing that
in the current climate of unrest where intimidation often occurs. The
business sector apparently also does not offer advice for that big stumbling
block. Nevertheless, a welcome change of attitude among South African
businessmen can be felt -~ an inclination’to show more involvement in problems
with which the government had to wrestle alone for years. The industrialists
also recently published a covenant on reform measures. There was for too long
a tendency among’ businessmen to regard the economy apart from politics.

They also cannot be entirely exonerated from the rejection of the free-
enterprise system which has built up among colored people. For decades they
failed to significantly help raise the standard of living of Blacks in
particular. That is borne cut, among other things, by the accusation in
another part of the Unisa Report that managers pay "lip service" to aspects
such as advancement of Blacks and incentives in their work. It is to be hoped
that the business sector has also learned from the mistakes of the past and
realizes, as the government does, that a joint effort by all is needed to
create a better future for South Africa.

13084
cS0: 3401/1621

50



ZIMBABWE

EXPERTS REPORT 'HIGH LIKELIHOOD' OF EXPLOITABLE RESERVES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Jul 86 p 14

[Article by Robin Drew]

[Text]

/9317

The prospects of Zimbabwe becoming:
an oil producer are looking better.
according to expert opinion which says
there is a “high likelihood’”: of*
exploitable reserves being found in the!
Zambezi Valley. ', #

In April a team of: West German ‘and
Zimbabwe scientists was sent to:the
valley on a ground-based survey, *”

This followed an airborne magnet
survey in 1982 which indicated th:
there could be deposits of oil oF ni tural;
gas east of Mashumbi: Pools. « ¢

Now, according to: the magazine of
the Wildlife Society of Zimbabwe,
experts have been encouraged by the
work done so far and conservationists.
are taking seriously ‘the possibility of:
oil extraction becoming a reality,

Wildlife areas

Exploration is taking place to the:
east of the major wildlife areas where
potential oil-bearing sediments up to
8 km deep have been located.

The article says if the expert opinion:
is borne out, exploration seems almost
certain to spread westwards into
wildlife areas such as the Mana Pools
National Park where, it says, deep
sedimentary deposits have . also been
found.

Conservationists want to see
environmental planning brought in as
an integral part of the project.

Uranium deposits are also being
investigated and, the report says, it is
understood that at least one viable
deposit has been located in the Dande
communal land, close to the Dande
safari area.

cso: 3400/285

46

A West German company, Saarberg
Interplan, is assessing Prospects for
exploitation,

‘ The. report says that as with
ranium, ‘a. world oil glut and falling.
rices may delay exploitation. ‘
“However,” it’ says,.“such ‘factors.
could be overriden by the urgent need.
to reduce’ Zimbabwe's dependence on:
imported oil at immense cost: in’
foreign exchange.” :

Last year Zimbabwe spent:
‘R330 million on fuel imports. Most of-
cits oil comes in ‘refined form from:
‘Kuwait, which provides. 66 percent ‘of,
ithe country’s :needs; under. one-year,
supply contracts.

Last year the Gulf state exported
300000 tons to’ Zimbabwe. It reaches
Zimbabwe through the fuel pipeline
from Beira to Mutare. Zimbabwe
troops guard the pipeline in
Mozambique .against attacks from

Doubled number

The last. reported attack on the
pipeline was.in August last year when
Zimbabwe doubled the number of its
soldiers:in Mozambique to more than

, The’ most serious disruption
occurred at the beginning of 1983 when
saboteurs blew up the fuel tank farm in
Beira and shortly afterwards damaged
the pumping station at Maforga. ©

The crisis lasted a month with huge
queues at filling stations, transport
brought to a halt in the rural areas and
resultant food shortages.



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK SASH PRESIDENT ON CITIZENSHIP, DOCUMENTATION QUESTIONS

ID Applicants Encounter Confusion

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jul 86 p 9

[Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text]

Workers in advice of-
fices have been told not
to accept the official
line as the final word on
the new citizenship and
identification laws.

The warning comes
from former Black
Sash president and
Johannesburg advice
office director Mrs
Sheena Duncan.

She says: “In the first
two days of July we had
two examples of wrong
information given to
applicants for identity
documents.”

A Xhosa-speaking
man, who had perma-

nent urban rights under
the old pass laws and
who lived at Ekangala
near . Bronkhorstpruit,

- had been told — incor-

rectly — that he could
not have a new identity
document unless he had
owned his house for five
years.

In the second in-
stance a young Zulu-
speaking man applied
for his document at the
office of Home Affairs

.— which had previously

not dealt with black ap-
plicants.

“He was told he
would have to take the

application form to the
old Bantu Commission-
er’s office to have his
fingerprints taken as
the equipment was not
available at the ‘white’
office,” Mrs Duncan
said. © :

“When he got there
with a baptismal certif-
icate (the Government
; Pamphlet about IDs
‘calls for a birth OR
baptismal certificate)
he was shouted at for
daring ‘to be at a ‘white’
‘office and was told his
application would not
be accepted until he had
a birth certificate.”

Regaining Citizenship Poses Problems

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jul 86 p 9

[Text]

Many blacks who became “foreigners”
when various homelands became inde-
pendent and who want their South Afri-
can citizenship back are likely to find
themselves grappling with two slip-
pery concepts — “permanent resi-
dence” and “lawful residence”. i

In most cases citizens of Transkei,
Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei (the
TBVC countries) need to establish both,
permanent and lawful residence in SA.

75

~~ Former Black Sash president Mrs
Sheena Duncan says there are no black
aliens with permanent residence per-
mits. “Yet both the Restoration of Citi-
zenship Act and the Identification Act
talk of people who are ‘permanently
resident’ in South Africa.”

She suggests that in the absence of
watertight legal definitions, the follow-
ing classes of TBVC citizens should as-
sume they are permanent residents:



SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER REPORTS ON RISING COST OF EMIGRATION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Jul 86 p 9

[Article by Michael Chester]

[Text]

The chicken run out of South Africa has
become ‘one of the costliest routes on
earth.

But immigrants using the reverse route are
cock-a-Hoop.

The cause of the phenomenon is the pro-
longed slide of the exchange rate of the rand
against all the main overseas cugrencies —
made even steeper for migrants by the re-in-
troduction of the financial rand hard on the
heels of the foreign debt crisis.

The difference between a commercial rand
and a financial rand becomes clear when
prospéctive migrants start to calculate the
cash implications of a move.

John X first had notions of quitting South
Africa in 1976 when unrest hit Soweto and
caused jitters in suburbia.

The United States sounded attractive. At
least he was assured of picking up a hand-
some $1,20 for every Ri he could muster from
a modest bank balance, income from the sale
of a house and car, and other assets.

Two years ago, with recession taking hold,

/Salaries falling behind inflation and unem-
ployment Spreading, he brought out his pocket
calculator again,

To his horror, he found that Ri was worth
little more than.70c US — only two-thirds of
its value back in 1976. noe

So the migration idea was shelved again
until the state of emergency was declared on
June 12. John X examined the situation again
and was stunned to find not only was Ri now
down to 40c US but in terms of the new finan-
cial rand it had nosedived to 22c or 23c

And it was now in financial rands that he
had to work out the size of the family for-
tune. Nearly R5 to buy a single US green-
back? R2 to buy a DM that cost only 50c two
yearsago? More than R6 to buy a British
pound? .

The only item to escape the financial rand
is an annual travel allowance of R6 000 for an
adult and R3000 for a child under 12, which
can be taken out in ordinary
commercial rands.

85



limits to development and not people. ‘The
people, become, to use the economist’s
jargon, a “‘dependent”’ variable. The peo-
ple, from the economist’s perspective, are
not human beings, but “labour power” and
their ‘‘employability” is determined by the
amount of CAPITAL available. In the final
analysis, it is the availability of capital that
sets limits to the resettlement programme
and the employment programmie.

In line with this essentially CAPITALIST
concept of ‘‘development,”’ the FFNDP at-
tempts to look for capital, wherevei it can
find it, to generate the targeted 5% p.a.
growth in the country. The planners have
calculated that the country needs about
$7 000 million of investment over the Plan
period.

$5 291 million (or 74,25%) of the total
investment must, according to the
“‘production-orientation’”’ of the Plan, 20
into what the Plan calls the “‘triaterial pro-
duction sectors” of the economy. Only

$1 836 million will be put into what the
document calls the ‘non-material produc-
tion sectors”, which include housing,
education, health and public administra-
tion.

Even as regards the ‘‘material production
sectors,” the Plan makes a distinction bet-
ween. the main “production sectors’”
{agriculture, mining and manufacturing),
and the rest of them (electricity and water,
construction, distribution, hotels and
restaurants, and transport anid communica-
tions). The first group of “‘main” produc-
tion sectors will receive $3 350 million of
the total investment, and the second gtoup
$1941 million.

Within the main ‘‘production sectors’’
there is a further discrimination in favour
of MANUFACTURING, which Plan
regards as the ‘‘key sector’? for changing
the structure of Zimbabwe’s economy. The
manufacturing eactor thus is to receive 20%
of the investible funds ($1 390 m.), or

somewhat lees than all thé social services put together,

If we examine the import strategy, the distribution in favour of manufacturing
comes out even more sharply, for industrial productions account for 95% of all
planned merchandise imports, while agriculture and mining products the remain-
ing 5%,

It is clear thus that the ideological thrust of the FFNDP is "productivist"
with capital rather than people as the main motivating force.

Now let us look at where this capital is going to come from. We have seen
that the planners have worked out that to achieve an average growth of 5%

P.a, over the Plan period, the country needs to irivest $7,126 million in
gross fixed capital formation, Of this, $4,500 million is expected to come
from the Public Sector Investment Programme (PSIP), and $2,500 million from
the private sector, At first glance, these look impressive figures, The pri-
vate sector appears to play a minor role in the investment programme. One
could cite these figures to "prove" that the planners are trying to bring the
economy under the state, and therefore "nationalist" control,

However, a closer analysis shows that nothing is further from the truth, be-
cause two-thirds of the PSIP investment, according to the Plan itself, is from
Foreign capital, Indeed, if one wete to look more closely at the one-third
presumably secured from "local" capital, one would probably discover that the
bulk of this capital too would come from banks and financing institutions which
are either foreign financed or foreign owned and controlled.

We are further told that out of. the total PSIP of nearly $4,500 million, some
$1,390 million (or about 30% of the total PSIP investment portfolio) will be
channelled in strategic industries through the ZDC and the IDC. We already

know, however, from the Plan itself, that the bulk of this capital will come

40



JPRS-SSA-86-084
7 AUGUST 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

West African..Textile Industry Receives International Financial Aid
(FRANKFURTER.ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 15 May 86)

FRG Technical, Financial Aid for West African Water Projects
(W. An; FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,

10 Jun 86) ..cccececccccccceeccessecvsctensesecccreesserees

East Africa Receives International Aid for New Harbor Projects
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 5 Jun 86)

MOZAMBIQUE

Commentary Discusses New RSA Fighter Plane
(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 17. Jul 86) ..

Daily Expresses Significance of 16 June
(NOTICIAS, 16 Jun 86) .....65

Future Math, Physics Teachers Visit GDR
(NOTICIAS, 17 Jun 86) ...

Netherlands Donation for Day-Care Center
(NOTICIAS, 17 Jun 86) ...seeeeee eae eee cncecerncnceees

DPCCN Report Reveals Hunger Still Threatens Various Districts
(NOTICIAS, 17 Jun 86) .ccecccecccsccccccccccccevececscecees

Nampula Governor Visits Institutions
(NOTICIAS, 24 Jun 84) .ccccccccencercecccnccccescecececesee

Cabo Delgado Cotton Production Recovering
(NOTICIAS, 11 Jun 86) .ccecceccccecccccccccscccnnccceneceee

11

13

15

17

18

21

23



financial aid to Bop last year is said to have totalled just under R400-m.
About two months ago, Bop was forced to withdraw a loan application from the
SA Development Bank to finance a R700-m power station near Hammanskraal-al+
legedly after the bank threatened to expose Bop's financial position. Re-
cently, the Standard Bank of Bophuthatswana ordered Bop to reduce its over-
draft of over R300-m, Bop's debts last year were estimated at between R575-
m and R875-m, [Text] [By Sol Morathi] [Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English
6 Jul 86 p 4] /9274

PAMPHLETS AGAINST UDF--A mysterious pamphlet has appeared in the Eastern
Cape calling for the formation of vigilante groups like the Western Cape's
Witdoeke to fight the UDF. The pamphlet, addressed to "citizens of the
Eastern Cape," is signed by a self-styled "Eastern Cape Action Group."

It accuses the UDF of working for Russia and says: "We in the Eastern Cape
are being used as a test for communism. We must not allow that." Over
the slogan "unite to a nation, not a front," it concludes with a call to
arms: "My people, I tell you to stand up now, like in Cape Town, and
destroy the UDF and comrades. Let us work for a better South Africa
together with the other peoples of this land." The pamphlet is one of a
number that have appeared in the region since the start of the state of
emergency. Others claim to have been issued by the UDF but are clearly
designed to embarrass the organisation. [Text] [Johannesburg THE NEW
NATION in English 3-16 Jul 86 p 3] /9317

CSO: 3400/291

63



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT AID TO FARMERS PRAISED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 9 Jun 86 p 6
[Editorial: "A Necessary Injection")

[Text] The 262 million rands which has now been approved by the government to
help farmers in the drought zones of the summer rain region is a significant
economic injection for the agricultural communities affected. Farmers in
general have ended up in an ever more unfavorable position in recent years,
mainly due to inflation. Volkskas [People's Bank] points out in its recent
economic survey that the price index’ for farm needs increased by 19.0 percent
last year as opposed to an increase of 8.6 percent in production prices and an
average inflation rate of 16.2 percent. The bank also says that the debt
burden relationship in the farm sector has gradually weakened -- from 11.5
percent in 1975 to 26.5 percent last year. In such circumstances it is
obvious that farmers who on top of this are ravaged by drought should be
actively helped.

People who so easily criticize the government for its aid to farmers should
realize that agriculture is one of the cornerstones of the country's economy.
It is now more necessary than ever for South Africa to produce enough food for
its rapidly growing population. The import of food has become very expensive
due to the fall in the value of the rand. Moreover, there is the possibility
of still more sanctions against the country. South Africa already has serious
problems because of pressure on the rand and unrest. Food shortages could
make it worse. It is necessary for agricultural production to be
substantially raised with more judicious financing and better methods. Food
has also become an important political weapon in a continent and world in
which more and more people are suffering from hunger.

13084
CSO: 3401/161

49



FREEGOLD INCREASES GOLD PRODUCTION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jul 86 p 21

[Text]

/9317
CSO: 3400/287

THE group’s results for
the quarter ended June
30, 1986 of Freegold show
an increase in gold pro-
-duction of 1,7 percent to

27 324 kg compared with:

the previous quarter’s
production of 26 856 kg.
This was attributable. to
an increase in area mined

_ 0f 5,8 percent to 1 010 000.
Square metres (955 000

: square metres) and tons
milled, from 5,293 000 to.
5 594 000 tons.

The rand gold price re-

ceived ‘strengthened by:

*+0,9 percent R24 571
per’ kilogram #(R24 351)
mainly because .of the
weakening of the rand’
against the -US dollar,
whilst revenue declined
by R23,5 million as a re-
sult of the timing of gold
despatches. The Group’s
profit after taxation was
reduced to.R172,3 million
(R189,8 million) ‘while
capital expenditure’ de-
creased to. R108,3 million
,(R112,2 million).

98

“in gold’“prodiiction” to"
“43 933."kg (13919 kg).

This is largely the result
of an increase in area
mined which rose by-5,4
percent to 568 000 square
metres (539 000 square
metres), This more than
compensated for the re-
duction’in grade from 5,-
23 grams per ton to 5,10
grams pér ton. Capital ex-
penditure’ decreased by

“17,0 percent to R22,9 mil-

lion (27,6 million) to-
gether with a decline in
profit to R111,9 million
(R150,3 million).

The ‘South Region
showed an increase in
production of 3,5 percent
to 13 391 kg (12 937 kg)
for the quarter. As with
the North Region, this
was the result of an in-
crease in area mined of
6,2 percent to 442 000
square. metres (416 000
square metres). Grade,
however, declined to 4,68
grams per ton (4,91 g/t)
reflecting the increase in
marginal ore being mined
in the light of an im-
proved gold price.

SOUTH AFRICA



MOZAMBIQUE

CABO DELGADO COTTON PRODUCTION RECOVERING
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Jun 86 p 1

[Text] The small farm sector in Cabo Delgado may, in the current season,
reach the best levels of cotton production in recent years. This fact,
which is most likely to be achieved in the Montepuez district, could also
partially compensate for the reduced production levels elsewhere in the
state that resulted from the hundreds of hectares of cotton fields that were
lost because they were not plowed. An important factor in the success in
the agricultural sector is the incentives given by the state to small farms.

According to information given to our reporter in Montepuez by Gabriel
Quirande, one of the individuals involved in the small farm sector, by the
final week of last month more than 9,000 hectares out of a total of 10,000
had been weeded according to data provided by local harvesters.

Compared with last year, the agricultural campaign for small cotton farms
achieved more than satisfactory levels. Last year 1,084 hectares were
planted as compared with 10,000 this year. Gabriel Quirande confirmed that
the increase resulted from efforts to intensify cotton production.

The attitude of the farmers toward production has proven false the sometimes
public statements which have suggested that they have lost interest in
cultivating cotton.

"However," says Gabriel Quirande, "insufficient support has been given to the
little cotton that has been produced, and it has been lost in the fields due
to inefficient marketing."

In contrast with what has happened in previous years, the support for the
small farm this year began at the beginning of the season, and not at the
end-~at the marketing stage.

According to the director of the 400,000 Hectare Project, it was necessary
to improve methods of communicating with and supporting the farmers in order
to take full advantage of their productive potential in the vast areas of
the Montepuez district and others.

23



especially Caia, Chemba, and Marringue in the north of Sofala; Morrumbala,
in Zambezia; and Tambara, in the Province of Manica. Making matters worse
are the armed bandits who are obstructing the progress of aid that is
being sent from the city of Tete by continually attacking convoys that are
carrying supplies. The use of the Malawi route as an alternative would
require availability of foreign exchange to pay the transit taxes.

Improvements in Tete

Giving an overview of the general situation in the province, the DPCCn in
Tete said that "some improvements in the situation have been recorded,"
particularly in the districts of Moatize and Changara, but the rains that
have fallen since this past March have probably damaged the crops in the
latter area. In Moatize, "despite the plague of grasshoppers and birds
that have devastated the area, the villages will have some products when
this season ends within the next few months and so the number of people
affected may decline."

Inhambane is one of the provinces considered to be in the best military
situation. Roads connecting all points in the province are open, but
310,000 people are still feeling the effects of the prolonged drought in
the interior locations, especially Inhassoro, in the north (70,000
affected) and Massinga, in the south (40,000 affected). Even so, some
sporadic actions by bandits have hindered internal assistance efforts.

The DPCCN also states in its report that another 208,000 people are
suffering effects of the disaster in the Province of Gaza. The district
of Chicualacuala, in the arid region next to the border with Zimbabwe, is
the largest in the province in terms of area and 60,000 of its 87,000
inhabitants are seriously afflicted by hunger. The prolonged drought that
has ravaged this area for more than 5 years aggravated the situation that
was created when the infrastructure was destroyed by Rhodesian aggressors
during Zimbabwe's war of liberation.

Except for the drought-swept region north of the Limpopo River, the
Province of Gaza is highly suitable for agricultural production,
especially the Limpopo Valley, which is considered to be "the nation's
breadbasket." However, the "insignificant quantities" of seeds distri-
buted to the farmers of those regions by the DPCCN and other government
agencies has meant that there is not enough surplus production to build up
the stocks in areas hit by natural disasters.

A significant improvement in the situation, despite the fact that it is
one of the regions most affected by bandit activities, has been recorded
in the Province of Zambezia. The number of people needing help dropped
from 1 million to 205,000 in the past 2 months. In this province, which
traditionally is not affected by drought, rain has fallen regularly but
the constant migration of residents in search of safety has prevented them
from planting crops.

19



SOUTH AFRICA

TWISTDRAAI COLLIERY FIRST WORLDWIDE TO PRODUCE OVER 1 MILLION TONS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Jul 86 p 27

[Text]

/13104
cso:

SASOL’s Twitsdraai col-
liery at Secunda became
the first single shaft
underground colliery in
the world to produce
more than one-million
tons of coal in a produc-
tion month.

This mine, one of Sa-
sol’s four mines servicing
Sasol Two and Three,
achieved this in the
period May 26 to June 28. '
With this achievement
Twistdraai surpassed the
previous record held by
Sasol’s Brandspruit mine
by 100 000 tons.

During this production
month Twistdraai produc-;
ed an__ unbelievable’
amount of 30 tons of coal’
a minute. eae

If one stacked the pro-
duced coal on a rugby
field from post to post
and from touch line to
touch line it would form a:
block nearly the height of:
the Carlton Centre. It
would also be enough
coal to fill a 38 km long
tunnel of 3m high and
6 m wide.

Three mining methods

3400/266

END

102

are used at Twistdraai:
conventional board and
pillar, longwall and rib
pillar extraction. The
‘mine also has a 240m
wide. longwall face, the
widest continuous long-
wall face in South Africa.

‘The -fact that Twist-
draai has only been in op-
eration- for five years
makes the achievement
that much more remark-
able. About 8 million tons
of coal was produced over
the past 12 months, an av-
erage of 666000 tons a
month. This makes Twist-
draai the second biggest
colliery in the world after
|Sasot’s Brandspruit colli-
ery. Sasol’s colliery com-
plex in Secunda is the
world’s largest under-
ground colliery complex
‘producing: about 30 mil-
lion tons of coal a year.

Mine manager Koos
Coetzee says this achieve-
ment is a result of excel-
lent teamwork as well as
an awareness of the im-
portance of quality.

The mine also has a
fine safety record.



BRIEFS

REFUGEE FIGURES--Jean-Pierre Hocke, the new United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees, managed in a five-day visit to Somalia to persuade Mogadishu
of the need to move the Togwajaleh refugee camp, something which they had
hitherto refused to do. Some 80,000 Ethiopian refugees have been crammed
into Togwajaleh in extremely unhealthy conditions in recent months after
fleeing from Addis Ababa's villagisation programme. Epidemics of measles
and relapsing fever have been the cause of numerous deaths in the camp.

A UNHCR official told THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER that there are no plans
to set up a tripartite commission of the UNHCR, Ethiopia and Somalia, or
to repatriate the new refugees, who are mainly Oromos and ethnic Somalis.
The repatriation programme for the refugees from the Ogaden war, concerning
some 300,000 people, also seems to have come to a standstill. Somalia
claims to be sheltering a total of 850,000 refugees at present. [Text]
[Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 5 Jul 86 p 3] /9317

cso: 3400/294

31



Lt S. Letseleba received a trophy for best student during the course. At
the parade, Mr Mangope announced the promotion to Major General of the

Commissioner of Police, the Commissioner of Prisons and of Brigadier H.S.
Turner.

/9317 |
cso: 3400/291

55



3400/273

SABOR, Keville 12/06/86 Cape Toxn 20/06/86

SAFF Cedric 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86

SAFF_ - ~. Seared 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86

SAFF Daniel 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86

‘SAFF Pietie 17/06/86 20/06/86

SAFF Joy 17/06/86 20/06/86

SAFF Ernest 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86

SAMUEL Byron 12/06/86 ‘Cape Town 22/06/86

SAMUELS Edvard 12/06/86 20/06/86

SAMUELS Bernard 12/06/86 20/06/86

SEPTEMBER © Brian 17/06/86 20/06/86

SICILY -Dion 12/06/86 20/06/86

SIMONS Withelmina 12/06/86 20/06/86

‘SLHONS Mark 12/06/86 Cape Toun 20/06/86

'SIMOKS Sophia 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86,

SIRIMJA ‘Arlene 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86

SKELL 17/06/86 Cape ‘Town 20/06/86

SWARTZ 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86

SWARTZ 12/06/86 20/06/86

‘THOMPSON 17/06/86 20/06/86

‘THORNTON 17/06/86 Cape Toun 22/06/86 ECC

TIMOTHEUS Deborah 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86.

VAN HOUSTEN Dan 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86

VAN NIEKERK Marion 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86

VEN: Alan 17/06/86’ Cape Town 20/06/86

VENTURA Me 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86

VILJOEN Anthony 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86.

WENS Patrick 12/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86

WILLIMS Rod 12/06/86 Cape Town 18/06/86

‘ZIEGLER Peter 17/06/86 Cape Town 20/06/86

‘BADENHORST. Martin 21/06/86 Cedara 25/06/86

BOULLE Jacqui 12/06/86 Puariteburg 25/06/86 ECC

DAVID 21/06/86 Cedara 25/06/86

DOCHERTY 21/06/86 Cedi 25/06/86

ERNST Heinz A. 15/06/86 Ca

HARRIS Derick 21/06/86 Cedara 25/06/86

‘WENDRICKSE Alan 21/06/86 Cedas 25/06/86

HOUSTON Derek 21/06/86 Ceda 25/06/86

JAMA Gabriel 21/06/86 Cedara 25/06/86

RAUMALO Edvard 21/06/86 Ce 25/06/86

KNEIFFEL Thee (Fr). 12/06/86 Ce deported Pab Church Agency

OILA Lazarus 21/06/86 Ce 25/06/86

¥TOLO Jabulant 21/06/86, Cedara 25/06/86 -

PROCTOR Brendan 21/06/86 Cedas 25/06/86

SAMSON Jan 21/06/86 Cedara 25/06/86

SHABANGU _ Boniface —_ 21/06/86 Cedara 25/06/86 .

DYARPYI Thenba 12/06/86 Dinbaza 12/06/86

‘MATIIG Walter 15/06/86

SEFILE 2 12/06/86 26/06/86 SAA
RESTRICTED "Reporis on these pages have been censored

= to comply with Emergency regulations
73



MOZAMBIQUE

NEW FISHING ENTERPRISE CREATED IN NAMPULA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Jun 86 p 2

[Text] A new business entity, Tubopesca, will open its doors on 1 August
in Moussuril, Nampula. Tubopesca was authorized to operate in the zones of
Chocas, Lunga and Mongicual by the outgoing governor, Feliciano Gundana, on
26 July 1985.

The installations of the new business occupy 360 square meters on a l~hectare
lot. A warehouse, an office, storage space for parts, two 30 cubic meter
refrigerators, a canning plant of 40 cubic meters, and a bathhouse for the
fishermen have been built. The cost of the construction materials was
approximately 6 million meticals.

A fenced-in area next door contains a motor repair shop and other fishing
equipment. There are two fish processing rooms, 2500 square meters for fish
dryers, an all-purpose area and a water storage area with a 25,000-liter
capacity.

Tubopesca owns refrigerator equipment bought from ENAFRIO in Maputo for
850,000 meticals, waranteed for 1 year from startup. They also own a
Toyota truck and a fiberglass power boat of the NP1 type with a Volvo Penta
10422 motor bought from PESCOM in Nampula.

Tubopesca will engage in five different types of fishing operations:
drawstring nets, mesh nets, submarine, hook-and-line, and "palngre". The
head of the recently created organization, Helder Meneses, guaranteed that
this operation will do away completely with the speculative practices and
prices previously used in Moussuril. He explained, "We are going to set up
sales places located at the direction of the district authorities."

In order to achieve its: objectives, Tubopesca has acquired two NP750 or
NP 950 boats equipped with 6-ton motors for drawstring and high seas
operations, two NP1 boats, and one fiberglass boat for submarine and hook-
and-line fishing operations,

Tubopesca needs 10 harpoon guns and 10 harpoons for submarine fishing, and
four air tanks with lines for the fishermen who will place the nets,

25



Durban Deep, after a
break-even March quar-
ter,was R2-million in the
black in the June quarter.

gold forward for the third

quarter at R26 336 a kg.
ERPM showed a loss of

R1,5-million against a

the mine’s revenue ot
R57, 1-million (R57,4-mil-
lion) was not enough to
cover costs of R65,7-mil-

. ; profit of R5-million in the lion (R64-million) and the

A feature of the mine’s March quarter. Capital imine showed a working

Pesformance was its con- expenditure of R16,8-mil- {loss of | R8,6-million
trol of costs which rose lion (R15,1-million) (R6,6-million).

marginally to R44,2-mil-
lion (R43,1-million). The
costs were more than cov-
ered by gold revenue
which rose to R48,5-mil-
lion (44,9-million), leav-
ing a working profit of
R4,2-million (R1,9-mil-
lion). There was no tax

charge, giving 4 total pro- |

fit, including sundry rev-

meant that the mine had a
R15-million
cashflow in the quarter.
‘This reflects the impact
of the R300-million Far
East Vertical project
which is now in full swing
and on schedule.
Although an increase in
average gold price from

negative .

State assistance of
jabout R9 million was
| daimed, which with sun-
dry revenue, took pre-tax
profit to R1,1 million (RS
million). This profit was
however eliminated by a

enue, of R5,2-million R24 679 to 25 530 per kg 1986 at R28 067
(R3-million). | cushioned the lower pro- taka ‘qomtes) ~~ and
The mine sold 280kg of duction to some extent, R30 958 (fourth quarter).

Prom EPS

Tons Net After After

mifled Yield Costs Costs Rev Rev Profft Capex Capex

000's §=6GR Afton Woz $/oz AKg A000's R.000's Cents

June 589 615 84,00 190.0 357 25700 18402 13702 57

Blyvoor March. 498 620 90,04 2098 348 23908 14471 9275 39

June 664. 3,37 98,92 4086 355 25530 (1486) (18320) (165)

ERPM March 656 355 97,63 4140 357 26679 4939 (10128) (S1)

‘June 602 3,22 7347 (317,3 348 25005 5212 2014 tid

DBNDeep = march 583 3,23. 7385 3302 345 23854 3002 (115) ©)

June 2076 352 6853 2706 363 28154 61253 18192 63

Harmony March 2017 356 64,60 2633: 323 23990: 47876 12087 45

/9317
CSO: 3400/287

91



The firm undertook advisory tasks on the second phase of water supply efforts
for rural cities in the People's Republic of the Congo. This phase involves
the construction of a water supply system in Ewo (DM 4.3 million) and
accompanying measures in the fields of hygiene and health (DM 1.8 million).

In September 1985, the Federal Republic of Germany conceded capital assistance
of DM 5.25. million for financing this project, which is to be completed in
March 1988. In Cameroon, Hydroplan has been included in the development of
rice cultivation with the help of irrigation.

GKW Consult Water-Sewer-Waste Technology Consulting Engineering Ltd of Mannheim
booked new contracts in Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Chad. In Mali, GKW was given
advisory tasks for water supplies and sewage disposal. In the Republic of
Niger, GKW Consult also undertook preparation of request-for-proposal documents
for a project, financed with German capital assistance, concerning the water
supply of the city of Maradi. It includes, among other things, the construc-
tion of a water tower, expansion of the water distribution system, and
provision of tap connections. In Nigeria, GKW Consult participated as a
consortium member in construction supervision on immediate measures for waste~
water disposal and in the preparation of a network study on the water supply
of Lagos. In Chad, the firm undertook preparation of a water supply study.

Gitec Consult Ltd of Duesseldorf was awarded new contracts in Gambia and
Senegal. In Gambia, a drainage project for the capital, Banjul, is involved.
In Senegal, Gitec was entrusted with advisory tasks for the Nianga irrigation
project, which is being financed with German capital assistance (DM 21
million). The Dr Walter Co Ltd International (DI WI), Essen, landed contracts
in Mauritania and Niger. In Mauritania, the firm was involved as a consortium
partner in rural water supply efforts, and in the Republic of Niger ina

well digging project. In January 1986, the Federal Republic granted a sum of
DM 3.5 million to the Central African Republic to finance water supplies in
the communities of Paoua and Bocaranga, WPW Consulting Engineers of
Saarbruecken undertook the preparation of a study for this project, which
provides, among other things, for the installation of some 22 dug wells. In
Senegal, GPG (Preussner Grombach Group) Engineering Offices of Hamburg were
included in a project that is to be undertaken with German capital assistance.
This is the first phase of the Fleuve region well building program, for which
costs are estimated at DM 15.7 million marks. Deep wells (some 130 meters)
are to be installed in 12 municipalities.

In Togo, Prof Dr Lackner and Partners Consulting Engineers Ltd of Bremen
booked a new contract in connection with the third sectoral program for
agriculture, water and power. The Federal Republic is financing this project
with DM 12 million.

In the Ivory Coast, Beller Consult Ltd of Freiburg (Breisgau) was entrusted
with the supervision. of construction for a wastewater project in the capital,
Abidjan. The firm also. received the contract, in connection with a joint
venture, for the preparation of a study on irrigation of rice cultivation
areas. In Ghana, IP (the Institute for Project Planning Ltd of Stuttgart),
was called in on the economic-efficiency calculations for a water management



SOUTH AFRICA

LRC DIRECTOR SAYS CITIZENSHIP ISSUES IN 'SHAMBLES'

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 10 Jul 86 p 5

[Article by Claire Pickard-Cambridge]

[Text]

/9317

DETERMINING whether a black is an
SA citizen once government has enacted
the Restoration of SA Citizenship Bill
will be a “complete shambles”, says Le-

al Resources: Centre director Geoff

sudlender.

Speakin in Johannesburg yesterday
on the abolition of influx control, he said
government's view was that the citizen-
ship Bill would affect only blacks who
were permanent urban residents holding.
Section 10 rights.

But determining SA citizenship was
certain to be a shambles because:
ODAfter the July 1 abolition of influx
control blacks would object to having
old reference books checked to see if
they had Section 10 rights; *

(There was no machinery to examine
whether someone had Section 10 rights,
because administration boards had
dismantled; and t
(New identity books did not record if
someone held Section 10 rights. *: ,

CSO: 3400/289

The most fundamental objection to
the citizenship Bill was that it affected
only :1,7-million People — 20% of the
citizens of Transkei, Bophuthatswana,
Venda and Ciskei’ (TBVC), Budlender
said. r

While he believed the Abolition of In-
flux Control Act heralded fundamental
change for thousands of blacks, citizen-
ship would remain a major form of in-
flux control for 7-million TBVC citizer
who would remain “aliens”. :

Discussing what the abolition of influx
control meant for employers, Budlender
said:“In general terms, it will no longer
be a requirement to obtain permission
from anybody to employ someone, al-"
though this is influenced by the citizen-
ship question.” '

“But as far as employers were con-
cerned, there was no legal obligation for
them to ensure a potential employee had
housing, ‘*: .

This did, however, present a problem i
for employees. ‘

74



/9317
CSO: 3400/283

In the Namibian day school, “toys
and eduational materials are not
readily available ... the only formal
educational material observed was a
single story book, and children were
observed playing with toys only three
percent of the time”.

Yet “results indicated that there was
no evidence of abnormality ‘in the
township children’s social behaviour
or patterns of activity, despite the
adverse conditions under which they
spent most of their day. Unexpectedly,
factors like overcrowding, high
child:staff ratio, absence of formal
teaching, and poor access to
educational materials had not resulted
in abnormal pattems of free play and
activity”.

Patterns in the Bushman day school
were “almost identical” to those in the

80

township sample.”

“Taken as a whole,” she said, “this
research ... suggests that neither low-
grade custodial care nor conditions of
considerable deprivation at home have
any marked effects on developmental
status as measured by assessments of,
free play...

“These findings suggest that many
children may be starting school with
acceptable levels of social and
environmental competence, having
coped with multiple deprivation.
Their subsequent failure during
primary school may be caused by
quite different factors...

“This suggests that much attention
could be fruitfully devoted to
modifications of the Grade 1
curriculum.” .



The OPEC Fund for International Development in Vienna granted in August 1985
a credit of $5 million for the construction of a training center for the
textile industry, In Mali, where there is substantial cotton cultivation,
the textile field consists of two large integrated textile complexes
(Comatex and Itema) and a sack factory (Societe Malienne de Sacherie).

In Ghana, the heretofore state-owned Cotton Development Board (CDB), which
was responsible for cotton marketing, was converted last year into the
privately-owned Ghana Cotton Company. Seven textile firms were amalgamated
into this new enterprise. They were Akosombo Textiles Ltd., Freedom Textiles
Ltd., Tema Textiles Ltd., Akotex Textiles Ltd., the Ghana Textiles Manufactur-
ing Company, the West Coast Spinning Company (Spintex) and Juapong Textiles
Ltd, The government has agreed to lend support to the textile firms in their
restructuring and to make available funds for the acquisition of new
facilities, equipment and spare parts. The textile firms mentioned above,

as well as the oil pressing firm Crystal Oil Mills, have a 70 percent share
ownership in the new Ghana Cotton Company. The remaining 30 percent of the
capital is retained by the government.

The International Finance Corporation (IFC) acquired in November 1985 an
equity interest in the textile firm Cotonniere Industrielle dueCameroun
(Cicam), in Cameroon, which is exapnding and modernizing its plant. Cicam
is among the projects being undertaken by the German Finance Company for
Participation in Developing Countries GmbH (DEG), Cologne.

A new textile enterprise in Cameroon is the Societe Afrique Textile
(Aftel), Douala, which produces finished articles of clothing. For its |
first year in business an output of 475,000 textile articles was planned,
and for the second, 645,000 pieces.

The Societe Camerouniaise de Sacherie, Douala, now has an annual capacity
of 9 million jute, kenaf and roselle sacks for packing agricultural
products such as cocoa, coffee, peanuts or rice, as well as 10 million
polypropylene sacks for packing sugar, salt or fertilizer.

The African Development Bank in Abijan, Ivory Coast, granted a loan of
7.3 million Accounting Units (1 Accounting Unit = about $1.07) in June 1985
to the Societe Textile de Kisangani (Sotexki), Kisangani, Zaire, to
modernize and expand its textile factory, for which the total investment
expenditure was estimated at 18.69 million Accounting Units. The
International Finance Corporation (IFC) extended a loan of $6.25 million
and took an equity holding of $528,000 in the capital of Sotexki. The
project is aimed specifically and principally at the modernization of the
weaving and processing plant, the expansion of the printing and finishing
facilities and the acquisition of equipment, and is to be completed in
December 1987.

In Zaire also, the Usines Textile Cotonnieres de Kinshasa (Utexco) ,
Kinshasa, the oldest and largest textile enterprise in the country, is
modernizing and expanding its plant. Utexco had until now a capacity of

60 million meters of fabrics a year. The new investments are to be made in
the framework of a five-year program (1986-1990).



SOUTH AFRICA

CONFERENCE CALLS FOR PLANNING NEW EDUCATION ORDER

Professor Speaks

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 11-17 Jul 86 p 4

[Article by Barbara Ludman]

[Text]

“THE New Education will have to
deal with the aftermath of the conflict
between two snationalisms, African
and Afrikaner.

“It will have to deal with the
aftermath of ethnic fragmentation and
the accompanying ethnic habit of
mind: the habit of trying’to survive
each other — black and white, black |
and black.”

Professor Es’kia Mphahlele, head of
the division of African literature in
the Department of.:.Comparative
Literature, University of. the;
Witwatersrand, was. addressing the

closing session of a three-day’
educational conference in
Johannesburg on Saturday.

The conference was organised by
the Montessori Society of South
Africa.

And while Mphahiele said little
about Montessori per se, the child-
centred nature of the new education he
outlined: appeared to have much in
common with the educational system
devised by Dr Maria Montessori to
enhance the educational opportunities
of culturally-deprived Italian slum
children,

Warning “there can be no sound
education for all while this country is!
ethnically or racially fragmented as it
is”, he nevertheless listed a number of.
“imperatives” to be considered when
planning “new curricula towards ‘a
progressive education for the greater

South Africa”. Among them:

78

” @ Anew, humanistic — as opposed
to authoritarian — = Philosophy of
education;

@ -A child-centred education —
“rather than the present system that
places the authority and dictates of
teacher and government at the
centre”.

The recipient of New Education
must necessarily, he said,
accorded the opportunity and Might ‘0
create his own learning environment,’
at present imposed by .teacher and
state as a means of control”.

Strong, freely-elected SRCs can
“promote the creation’ of such an
environment”, he noted.

“A considerable factor in the
present students’ revolt must be seen
as a rejection of their learning
environment which approximates
army barracks”;

@ The right of parents to send
children to open institutions with
community-based - parent-teacher
associations to monitor the learning
enviornment;

@ The right of “regional institutions
‘that can be identified as cultural units,
eg those in rural areas” to inject
relevant material into the curricula
and syllabuses.

* @ Ax emphasis on “non-formal
alternative learning and night school
for adult education”.

“It is in the alternative-education
setting where we recognise most



/13104
cso:

Fas

ANGLOS ANGLOVAAL RAND MINES GENCOR

58.72
52.24
52.98

NAAAARARERY
S037

Ye:
GSFA- Jc

a

An analysis of foreign holdings of gold shares show:

administered by Rand Mines were the most popular with ‘ealgn '

investors followed by Gencor group mines. But only in the case of 2

Anglovaal group mines has there been an increase in foreign hold- -{
ing in the period June 1985 to May 1986. a

improvement in the financial;
rand between November and
February — to sell shares,”!
Davis Borkum Hare say.
Between December 1985 and:
May 1986, the total number of;
mining shares held abroad fell,
from 28,45 percent to 26,60 per-.
cent of the total shares.in issue,’
with foreigners lightening their|
holdings in mining shares vir-:
tually across the board. an)
US companies were the.major,
disinvestors in the country. —|
their percentage holding de-|
clined from 14,73 to 13,39 per-;
cent during the period — while
UK-registered companies de-|
creased their holdings from De-,
cember’s 9,96 percent to May's
9,38 percent. a
Only continental companies,
whose percentage holdings is

3400/266

89

very limited anyway, slightly in-
creased their interest in min-
ing shares over the period by 0,1
percent to 3,82 percent.

Gold mines were hardest hit
by the share disinvestment
moves, coming largely from a
decline of major US ownership
in the marginal and shorter-life
mines. The value of foreign hold-
ings in gold mines.was however
still valued at a massive
RU billion. .

Foreign ownership of South
African gold mines by mining
houses has declined overall.
Only gold mining shares, admin-
instered. by Anglovaal, showed
an increase in the percentage
holding by foreign investors.

Other ‘shares substantially af-
fected include Platinum Group
Metal and De Beers mining
shares. we



Areas) Consolidation |
Act were served on a’
number of people who
had taken in refugees.

About 100 refugees
had to leave the Temple
Israel in Wynberg last
Sunday and moye back
to the church in Nyanga
from where they had:
fled when - fighting
spilled over into the
area.

A group of squatter |
refugees staying at the ,
St Saviour's Church in
Claremont left durin;
fast Sunday morning's
service to avoid poss-
ible action against.
them.

A number of leaders
have been served with
subpoenas to appear in

court.
The Rev Geoff Quin-

lann, vicar of the All
Saints Church in
Plumstead, was served
with a summons to
appear in court on July
25 for sheltering about
70 refugees, mainly
women and children.

/9317
cso: 3400/291

Mr Quinlan was told
he could pay an ad-
mission of guilt fine by,
July 11, providing the .
church had been vac-
ated. A police spokes-
man said that other
similar cases were
being investigated.

Iman Yusuf Abdul-
Latief, of the Claremont
Mosque, has also been
served with a sum-
mons. The mosque has
been visited regularly
by the authorities.

Imam Abdul-Latief
said at the time he was
told that sheltering the
refugees was illegal in
terms of the Grou
Areas Act, the Blac!
Urbanisation Act and a
municipal by-law.

The Very Rev EL
King, the” Anglican
Dean of Cape Town,
described the evictions
as “appalling”.

“These people are
only trying to keep out
of the rain. I have giv-
en up on the Gov-
ernment in terms of
understanding and
compassion," he said.

57

A spokesman for the
Western Cape Dev-
elopment Board, Mr
Sampie Steenkamp,
said accommodation
was available for the
displaced people at the
board's emergency

* camp at Khayelitsha’

* A “centre of
concern" and five other
collection points for
collecting clothes and
blankets for distribution
to the 70 000 homeless
people in Crosstoads

ve been set up in
Johannesburg and Nat-
al.

The main point is at
St Peter's, 6 Walton
Avenue, Auckland
Park, Johannesburg.
Other points are St
Mary's Cathedral in
Johannesburg, Sandton,
Newcastle and the East
and West Rand.

For more inform-
ation, contact Charlene
Smith at 646-3790, or
Rev Tim Gray at 726-



FANAROFF SPEAKS AT MAWU ANNUAL CONGRESS

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 6 Jul 86 p 4

[Text]

THE state of emergency and the subsequent
detention of the bulk of the Metal and Allied
Workers’ Union leadership has not.“crippled”
the union. © ,

“We will continue with our work, and we will defend the
rights and interests of our members,” national organiser
Bernic Fanaroff told about 300 delegates at Mawu’s annual «
congress at Wits University this week.

‘anaroff said Mawu members were angry because their
crs had been imprisoned without trial.

The 70 000-member Mawu and the powerful National:
Union of Mineworkers, also represented at the congress ~
which brought together two of Cosatu’s strongest affiliates —
pledged to continue with the fight for “a living wage” for
members despite most of their leaders being imprisoned
without trial.

The two unions are locked in bitter wage negotiations.

In his main address, Fanaroff said Mawu was the hardest

hit of Cosatu affiliates by
the state of emergency,
Over 26 Mawu leaders had
been detained, he said.

The union could not stand
idle while it was being at-
tacked “from the {eft and
right”, he said.

He said harassment by
the authorities started in*
1973, when Mawu was’
formed.

Mawu was formed after
massive strikes in which
workers demanded the right
to have genuine, democratic
organisations to represent
their interests, he said.
Thousands of workers
joined. Other strong unions
were also formed around
this time.

19274
csO: 3400/268

Fanaroff said black work-

* ers demanded their rightful

share in the country’s
wealth instead of starvation
wages; control over their liv-
ing conditions instead of be-
ing ruled by bosses and the
government; and leaders
they trusted instead of ap-
pointed government and
employer “stooges”.

Mawu’s signed-up mem-
bership has grown to over
70000. “Our target is
220000 members,” Trans-
vaal vice-chairman Hilton
Mashigo said.

Of about 450000 metal
workers in. SA, over 80.000
have been retrenched dur-
ing the past three years.

The harassment of Mawu
organisers began in 1973
when David Davies and oth-
er unionists were banned for
five years, Fanaroff said.
Mawu also faced hostility

. from the government,

bosses and the “sweetheart”
unions, he said.

Th August 1976, 13 trade
unionists were banned with
nine community leaders.
These, included Mawu lead-
ers Moses Ndlovu, Alpheus
Mtethwa, Gavin Anderson.
and Sipho Khubeka.

Mawu became.one of the
biggest affiliates when the
Federation of SA Trade Un-
ions was formed in April
1979. In 1983 Mawu was

. involved in many East Rand
strikes and about 25000
metal workers went on
strike. .

In November 1984,
Mawu joined the’ two-day
stayaway which _ cl
Witwatersrand _ industries.
- Mawu joined unity talks in
1981 that led to Cosatu’s
formation last December.

“Mawu has not been crip-
pled, We will, continue to
mobilize, carry forward the
fight and defend the inter-
esis of members both at

ome arid at factory shop.

oor level,” Fanaroff said.

He said Mawu endorsed
the call made by Cosatu ear-
lier this week. “We call for
an end to the state of emer-
gency, an end to harass-
ment, the unconditional re-
lease of our leaders, the in-

53

SOUTH AFRICA

troduction of the freedonii of
specch so that we can openly
and democratically decide
the future of SA.”

The Mawu congress
passed several resolutions on
the state of emergency,
workers’ struggles and sup-
port for other uhions. The
resolutions said that Mawu:
@ Has not been crippled by
the state of emergency.

@ Will continue to organise
‘and build a democratic.
} union controlled by workers.

Will continue to defend

tand fight for the advance-
ment of the interests of

; members and ail workers —
and will not be intimidated
by harassment of trade un-
ions or unionists.

@ Is determined to achieve
a living wage in the metal
industry in the short-term
and continue to struggle for
economic justice.
@ Is horrified at conc
- still existing in the mining,
\ industry and at miners’ ex-
* ploitation, and pledges full
support for NUM'’s struggle
for a living wage and decent
conditions in the mining in-
dustry — and for an end to
the savage exploitation.
@ Calls for the release of its
leaders and members and an
end to the harassment of
Mawu officials and other of-_
ficials.
@ Calls for freedom of asso-
ciation and of speech.



MOZAMBIQUE

FUTURE MATH, PHYSICS TEACHERS VISIT GDR
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Jun 86 p 2

[Text] A group of 11 second-year students from the mathematics and physics
teacher training course at the Department of Education of Eduardo Mondlane
University will travel to the German Democratic Republic on the 28th of
this month. They will make a 30-day study visit to that socialist
country, on invitation from the Physics Department of the University of
Jena issued under friendship and cooperation agreements signed between the
two institutions of higher learning. In order to be able to make the
trip, the students have launched a campaign to raise the funds from
companies, organizations, and individuals.

NOTICIAS learned of the trip from Jose Henrique Guivala, the represen-
tative of the group of second-year mathematics and physics teacher
trainees from the Department of Education at Eduardo Mondlane University
who heads up the fundraising campaign. He added that the group will
conduct laboratory experiments during their visit which cannot yet be
performed in this country.

The Mozambican students received the invitation in April and will be
accompanied on the trip by a professor from the University of Jena who is
presently lecturing at the Education Department of Eduardo Mondlane
University.

Mr Guivala said that the fundraising campaign was necessary because the
university department does not have a specific budget for this type of
travel and because the trip is not within the annual plan of that institu-
tion of higher learning, "which is why we are conducting this campaign to
raise money from companies, organizations, and individuals to pay for the
air fares." He added that, after having contacted several private
enterprises, organizations, and individuals, “we managed to raise 500
contos and we are still getting more support."

Mr Guivala specifically mentioned some of the contributions received.

For example, Linhas Aereas de Mozambique gave them a 50 percent discount
on each airline ticket. The list of companies assisting includes
Construccoes Tecnicas, Transportes Cassamo, Moturs Baudoum, Indian Ocean
Importers, Exportes Iptyl, Facoza, Loumar, Cervejaria Nacional,
Restaurante Bico Dourado, Tudor, Nosso Cafe, and Modas Tigre. Individual

15



What is more important is that nearly
half of this huge sum will be spent on the
productive sectors. It is these sectors which
generate the wealth that will underpin ‘the
economic transformation of the Zimbab-
wean socicty.

The Plan is a fascinating document, writ-
ten by a finely balanced hand. It hints at
scrious economic problems, but it also of-
fers hope for the future. It is uncompromis-
ing about the difficulties faced during the
drought years which were exacerbated by
certain necessities. For instance employ-
ment in the productive sectors declined dur-
ing 1983 and 1984 but in the social sectors
(education, health etc.) employment grew
rapidly.

As the Plan says, this was one of the most
destabilizing factors in the economy, since
money was spent on these sectors when the
economy was not generating weaith,
However such expenditure was necessary to
redress the failures of past governments.

In the next five years the entire invest-
ment strategy is aimed at reversing the
trend. Only 25 percent of investment is
going into the social services.

Another 25 percent will go to infra-
structural areas such as construction, trans-
port and electricity. The rest goes to agri-
culture, mining and manufacturing. If one
looks at the Public sector investment pro-
gramme which is Government’s tool for
change, a similar trend is shown, but with
housing also given a boost. !

In some ways the Plan tries to be all
things to all men. Only time will prove
where the true emphasis lies. Only in 1990
will we be able to sit and judge whether the
Zimbabwean economy and society has been
transformed. Central to the balancing act is
the role allocated to the private sector in the
investment programme.

Nearly 40 percent or in monetary terms
over $2 500 million is the share expected
from domestic private investment. It has an
even larger role in terms of financing the
whole fixed capital formation, The Plan
outlines some ways it intends to encourage
the private sector ‘‘to undertake projects
for expansion of existing productive capa-
city as well as for the establishment of new’
production facilities’’. . i

Apart from the general improvement in
the economy, the Government will také
steps in the fields of tax, wage policy,
prices, import allocations and other areas
to stimulate investment.

Does this mean the rigid controls of the
labour market, price control and the high

19274
CSO: 3400/261
44

level of taxation are to change? There are
strong hints to this effect in the plan.

Then there are the strong words to en-
courage foreign investment. Foreign private
vestment is small (only $200 million dur-
ing the plan period) but of critical impor-
tance is transfering technology and opening
up new labour employing enterprises.
Foreign loans which are also influenced by
the state of the economy play an important
part in the investment programme.

There is an intention to create an Invest-
ment Register. It will be the shopping list
for foreign and local investors, and it will
be essential to clarifying where and how
development will occur.

But as mentioned, the Plan is counter-
balanced by another line of thought which
emphasises the role of the state. For
example when referring to the manufactur-
ing sector the Plan says ‘‘Government will
increase its participation in the manufactur-

" ing industry because it is both the key sector

in overall economic development, as well as
the decisive sector in the physical restructur-
ing of the economy’.

There are similar statements in the min-
ing and financial sectors, where the aim is
to localise and increase state control of
those industries or sectors deemed stategic.

This is clear in the overall objectives of
the Plan, which reads as a firm socialist
tract. The private sector will be transformed
and controlled. Transformed from foreign
ownerships to local, and controlled by state
Participation.

But perhaps the most curious phrase is
the following objective which says
“encouragement and acceptance of private
local investment and foreign investment on
terms conducive to, or consistent with
socialist transformation’’.

The Plan may be caught in a Catch-22
situation. Employment generation is essen-
tial. It can only be created and sustained by
the productive sectors. This means a
dynamic economy offering rewards to those
who invest, and to those who will build new
industries. But dynamism needs an entre-
Preneurial spirit,’ it needs motivated
managers and workers.

It needs co-operatives which ‘can see
material benefits for their efforts. But it
must also be a socialist economy, which is
controlled and driven by the state.

Yet without the stultifying bureaucracy
which can easily drain the investors’ spirit.
This is the challenge facing the next five
years of development. o



SOUTH AFRICA

DISNEYLAND-LIKE PARK PLANNED FOR BOPHUTHATSWANA
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 11 Jun 86 p 18
{Article: "Disneyland for Neighboring State!']

[Text] Johannesburg. - Southern Africa is soon going to get its own and
unigue Disneyland. And just like the imaginative Mr Sol Kerzner gave South
Africans a Las Vegas in miniature with his Sun City, that big boss of Sun
International announced here yesterday that his group has approved a capital
project of 160 million rands, 60 million rands of which will be used only for
setting up the theme park. The park, which will be set up just north of Ga-
Rankuwa in Bophuthatswana, will not now have the world-famous Disneyland
personalities, but will be designed according to the same theme, with similar
breath-taking scenes and exciting fun rides. The only difference is that it
will have a typical African -~- or rather Tswanan -- character. A new 40-
million rand hotel adapted to the African theme will be erected as part of the
project.

Sun International has in the past 18 months spent about 125 million rands on
expanding its existing sites and, according to Mr Kerzner, this new capital
project of altogether 160 million rands is merely a continuation of the
company's policy to constantly expand further. ‘This means that the group has
taken on capital spending projects of altogether about 300 million rands
within just over three years. The new project will be part of the Sun Bop-
Group.

13084
CSO: 3401/161

48



EMPLOYER BODIES FEAR BLACK UNION MERGERS

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 10 Jul 86 p 5

{Article by Mike Collins]

(Text]

AS THE pendulum of organised
labour gains momentum,
employer bodies fear that black
union mergers threaten their
survival.

Johannesburg Chamber of Com-

- merce (JCC) labour adviser Andre

19317
cso: 3400/289

Malherbe says industry bosses are
realising thatthe development of a
strategy to counter union muscle
must be given urgent priority.

“Open competition in the. mar-
ketplace is fundamental to the free
enterprise system, but the abilits
to compete must rest on survival

“The sharing of information re-
garding trade union activity and
the development of an industry-
wide strategy to face up to an in-
dustry-wide union -is a survival
exercise,” he says. .

He adds that when the Congress
of South African Trade Unions (Co-
satu) was formed, one of its stated
objectives was that workers should
be organised into unions on the ba-
sis of one union per industry.

But, because the major portion
of the black labour force was either

unskilled or semi-skilled, the tradi-
tional pattern of a union based on
the craft of its members did not fit.

During the latter part of last
year, Cosatu began concentrating
on merging its affiliated unions to
the 10 national unions. -

The executive set a deadline of

May 31 for this to be achieved.
“It would seem as if the exercise
has failed. It is already July and the,
one union per indust
terialised. But is this perception

has not ma-,

77

correct? 1 think. not,” ‘says’ Mal-
herbe. . .

The first merger’ of Cosatu
unions took place in Maritzburg in
May with the amalgamation of the
Transport and ‘al Workers’
‘Union and the General Workers’
Union ©

The new Transport and General
Workers’ Union has about 26 000
members in the tr: rt, security, |
cleaning and building supply sec-

rs. :

A second merger took place a
‘week later with more than 60000

members from at least five unions
in the food, canning, retail and gen-
eral workers’ unions coming under
the umbrella of the new Food and
Allied Workers’ Union. 7.

Now employers in the metal and

allied sectors are facing the s|

. tre of a giant union emerging from:
talks between the National Auto-
mobile and Allied Workers’ Union,
the Metal and Allied Workers’
Union and the Motor Industry Com-
bined Workers’ Union, which have
a combined membership of more -
than 100 000,

Malherbe says of these mergers:
“Qn the positive side, it will mini-
mise the inter-union rivalry and
could lead to a more orderly indus-
trial relations structure. On the

negative side, the one union per
industry adds an immense amount
of muscle to the union arm.”

He adds that employer bodies
are now being warned that, unless
they adopt a uniform strategy, the
unions are going to play one com-.
pany off against another. ~ .



of 1986/87 for the rehabilitation and modernization of the railroad line to
the interior. Over the long term, another $135 million is to be invested
in the improvement of the port of Beira and the rail line to the interior.

The European Community has already approved a contribution of $40 million
ecus (1 ecu = about DM 2.20). The Federal Republic of Germany gave
Mozambique in November 1984 a capital grant of DM 23.6 million for the repair
of 69 harbor cranes in Maputo, Beira and Nacala and for restoring the
operational capability of the marshalling yard in Maputo. As the consulting
firm for the crane repair the Hamburg Port Consulting GmbH (HPC) was engaged.
The contract for the repair of the cranes itself was awarded to the
Nuremberg plant of MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg AG. The Deutsche
Eisenbahn Consulting GmbH (DEC), Frankfurt, assumed the consulting contract
for the Maputo marshalling yard. The DEC, moreover, became engaged in a
project in Madagascar involving the acquisition of seven harbor tugs. ‘Another
German engineering consutling firm, the Port and Transport Consulting Bremen
GmbH, Bremen, has become active in the Sudan, where it was engaged for the
building of a school for port technicians.

12991/9835
CSO: 3420/44

10



parliament, but blocking actions prevented it from being able to take effect.
That did not exactly leave the government a choice. If the two bills do get
into the law book, the government will have to consider lifting the state of
emergency again. All the possible negative consequences of yesterday's
measure should be weighed against the greater interest of the country and its
inhabitants. For example, in expectation of sharper measures, the rand

to move down this week and investors' confidence in South Africa will have a
temporary setback. President Botha made it clear that the government indeed
considered all those aspects. It had to be set against the security of people
and their possessions and the maintenance of law and order. It is this
responsibility which is now being carried out. ‘The state of emergency is in
fact also intended to protect law-abiding people.

The effect of the state of emergency on the country as a whole is going to
depend a great deal on how South Africans themselves react to it. It is not
the first time that a nationwide state of emergency has been proclaimed.
South Africa survived the 1960 state of emergency, and economic confidence was
restored. Any overreaction will not contribute to greater stability. In any
case, what would have become of the economy if the government had not decided
to take firm action? Confrontation is not being sought. It is preventive
action against violence.

13084
CSO: 3401/161

52



On Zaire
On Zimbabwe

List of Released Detainees by Geographical Region
(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 4-10 Jul 86). ....ccccccsvccccecccccccuees

LRC Director Says Citizenship Issues in 'Shambles'
(Claire Pickard-Cambridge; BUSINESS DAY, 10 Jul 86) .......

Black Sash Fresident on Citizenship, Documentation Questions
(THE STAR, 11 Jul 86) ..cssccccsccscecccccsccceeceeenseeees

ID Applicants Encounter Confusion, by Jo-Anne Collinge
Regaining Citizenship Poses Problems
Millions 'Worse Off' Under New Influx System

Employer Bodies Fear Black Union Mergers
(Mike Collins; BUSINESS DAY, 10 Jul 86) ...ccsecceescceccece

Conference Calls for Planning New Education Order
(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 11-17 Jul 86) ...ccccccccceccaccccccceecs

Professor Speaks, by Barbara Ludman
Where To Spend Money

Briefs
TV, Press Influence

ECONOMIC

Unisa Study: Sanctions Threaten One Million
(David Carte; SUNDAY TIMES, 6 Jul 86) ....cesseeecececcccs

Australia Loses Massive Wheat Contract
(THE CITIZEN, 11 Jul 86) ......ceccccecececeeecscccceeeeess

Paper Reports on Rising Cost of Emigration
(Michael Chester; THE STAR, 7 Jul 86) ....cceeesssscceceeee

Role of Foreign Investment in Nations Mines Declining
(Sven Lunsche; THE STAR, 10 Jul 86) ..scecevecee

Improved Quarterly Profits Reported for Rand Mines
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Jul 86) .........

Higher Rand Gold Price Boosts Randfontein Profits
(Madden Cole; THE CITIZEN, 16 Jul 86) .....seceseeceeececes

Anglovaal's Mines Beat Higher Costs
(THE CITIZEN, 16 Jul 86) ...ccceccccccccccscesecececeeceres

-da-

69
69

71

75

75
75
76

77

78

78

79

81

82

84

85

88

90

92

94



On Zaire

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 6 Jul 86 p 15

[Text]

Zaire could be affected by sanctions
st Ace Oe relies on the
’s transport

lack of a rail link between southern

Zaire and the ‘main of Matadi on the
Atlantic, together with the blocking of the
Benguela line by the Angolan civil war,
has led to heavy reliance by the south on
the rail links through Zambia. The cutting
of the Mozambican railways and the inade-
uacy of the Tazara line has extended
this reliance to the South African harbours,
About 57 per cent of Zaire’s imports go
through South Africa ant 45-percent of its
copper, & 65 percent of-its lead and 40

percent of its cobalt ‘exports

the Republic. Bass

On Zimbabwe

SATS carried 278936 tons of exports.
from Zaire in 1984-85, pearly all of which
passed out through South African ports, In
the same yest SATS: moved 81 801 tons.
of South African goods into Zaire and
33 703 tons of goods were imported through
South African ports

Zaire at present has nine-diesellocorio--
tives on, ties rom from. airs and soo daee tater sieay.

frase Mall siren sn aa

= er s

Britain; + Bab
Kika wa he ao ral
‘Earean npr

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 6 Jul 86 p 15
7

[Text]

TRADE: . Although Prime Minister Robert

Mugabe’s Govern:

ment has taken an increasingly hostile attitude fowards
Pretoria in international forums, South Africa remains
Zimbabwe's big; iggest trading partner and the conduit for the
“vast majority of its overseas trade.

‘There are serious discrepan- According to a British study,
cies in available statistics on _ Beira. can handle only about
the volume of Zimbabwean 800.000 tons of Zimbabwe's an-
trade passing through the nual export-import volume of
public, but all the figures nev- about 8 000 000 tons.
ertheless. confirm Zimbabwe's The balance ‘moves through
hheavy reliance on South Africa. South Africa’s railway and har-

Most of Zimbabwe's foreign _bour’system with a proportion
trade passes through South of that (no figures available but
Africa. because there is no probably only a small percent-
other way.. age) feeding out of or into the
* Estimates range from 68 to South African system through
90 percent of Zimbabwe's ex- _ Maputo.
ports going through or from In 1984 South Africa took 18,3
South Africa and 65 to 80 per- _ percent of Zimbabwe's ex;
cent of its imports going and supplied 19,3 percent of its
through or to the Republic. imports. .

The country’s natural outlet The next biggest trading
to the sea, Beira in Mozambi- _ partner was Britain, with about
que, can handle only a small 12 percent in each case. .
Rt of Zimbabwe’s foreign Last year Zimbabwe's ex-

ide for the reasons detailed ports to South Africa fell be-
in the article on the opposite hind those to Britain with the
page. . decline in the rand, but South

69



In order to do so, production equipment and other incentives were given to the
farmers at the beginning of the season, and the farmers committed themselves
to cotton production. Among the incentives were clothing and electric
batteries.

But according to Gabriel Quirande, the final results of the campaign are
going to depend upon AGRICOM's efforts at bringing the cotton to market.

"If AGRICOM doesn't guarantee production bonuses, things are going to be
very bad, First, we will lose credibility with the farmers, which wil
cause us to fail in the campaign; and second, much of the cotton will be
left in the hands of the farmers," he said.

"The cotton produced in the private sector is good, and some part of it ought
to be utilized for export purposes; this would partially compénsate for the
farming results supported by the state companies, which this year have been
a disaster," said the director of the 400,000 Hectare Project in Montepuez
to our reporter.

The private sector producers cultivated 710 hectares of cotton. According
to Augusto Jose, one of the private producers, the production rate is not
bad: 1 ton per hectare. He affirmed that this year the communication and
support provided by the state was better than in years past.

"But there are some painful truths," said Augusto Jose. "We feel that the
state ought to pay more attention to the private sector, because of all that
they demand after production. We never lose money. What farmer wants to
lose his investment? We always show a profit. If you support us, we will
produce."

12857/9835
CSO: 3442/253

2



Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR

ports
is the biggest. In 1984 the
Soviet Union was the biggest
supplier (19 percent) and South
Africa was next with 12 per-
cent. The United States was the
biggest buyer of Mozambique’s
exports, taking 15 percent.
South African purchases were
negligible. nat
port to South
‘Africa’s industrial heartland
Maputo would normally handle
‘a substantial proportion of the
im and exports of the Re-
public as well as of Swaziland
and Zimbabwe. This potential

On Mozambique

in English 6 Jul 86 p 15

has been restricted, however,
by the inefficiency of the har-
bour and the cutting of the rail-
way line by the MNR.

SATS moved 805 091 tons
from Maputo in 1984-85 and
carried 849 726 tons to the port,
but it is not known how much
of this was South African and
‘Zimbabwean traffic.

LABOUR: Mozambique is the
second-biggest supplier after
Lesotho of labour to South Afri-

ca, maintaining an average of

‘60 000 workers in the Republic
over the past five years. In 1983
their remitted earnings put
R117 million into the Mozambi-

‘que economy.
BOWER: Maputo and environs

On Botswana

receive about 90 percent of
their electric power from South

Africa.
* TRANSPORT: SATS trains carry

most of the goods traffic pass-
ing through Maputo harbour. In
May there was a daily average
of 10020 SATS railway trucks
on Mozambican lines. The two
countries exchange scheduled
air services.

VETERINARY: jue took
2706 doses of animal vaccine
from South Africa in 1983-84.
‘EDUCATION: Mozambique has
made heavy use of South Afri-
can institutes of higher educa-
tion, sending 5 800 students be-
tween 1979 and 1985.

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 6 Jul 86 p 15

[Text]

of this is with the Republic. In 1983, 8 percent of
Botswana’s exports went to the sac and 82

TABOUR: In 1988 25963 Batswana worked legal-
‘ly in South Afriga and their remitted earnings put

1984 it still got 27 percent of its power tram
South Africa. All of Botswana's petrol comes from
South Africa. Anticipating the possible disruption
of these supplies, Botwana bu"t two large stor-

67

age tanks but these would ly the co 's.
eee AE PE wee ay veg

4 y was a average’
of 8 665 SATS railway trucks in Botswana and Zice
babwe. SAA services Air Botswana aircraft on an
ad hoc basis. There are scheduled air links with
Johannesburg and connecting flights to Lusaka and
Harare linking with overseas flights, The interna-
tional airport at Gaborone can take jumbo jets. An
international airline is due to start regular flights
soon to London.
COMMUNICATIONS: Telecommunications are
linked by satellite with the outside world but most’
mail goes through South Africa.
TOURISM: In 1984 30951 people went from South
Africa to Botswana, mostly as tourists. No figures
are available of traffic the other way.
VETERINARY COOPERATION: Botswana was*sup-
plied with 471 270 doses of animal vaccine by South

HEALTH: South African hospitals treated 81 pa-
tients from Botswana in 1983-4 and 6 602 doses of
human vaccine were supplied to Botswana.
EDUCATION: 323 students from Botswana were en-
rolled in South African higher education institu-
titions betweep.1979 and-1985.

. Africa in 1983-4,



/9317

Moretele district commandant
Colonel Andrew Molope .

After the massacre, the colonel
and Diale Mokobyane were both
given a startling promotion to the
rank of brigadier and colonel
respectively.

A few days later, Brigadier
Molope was jpunned down by
unknown assailants - apparently
using AK-47 rifles -- inside his
girlfriend's home in Winterveld.

In another development, legal
representatives for the families of
the 11 killed in. the massacre
withdrew from a commission of
inquiry into the massacre in protest
against the promotion of the two
cops.

Yet all repression has reall;
achieved is a more mobilised
community.

“Winterveld has proved to be a
pocket of resistence because they

csO: 3400/291

60

have been harassed for so long and
because they are against the
Mangope regime,” said lawyer
Peter Harris who was representing
the community in the commission
of inquiry. .

"It is now a well organised
community, but it is distinct from
other communites in that the level
of political consciousness is not
confined to the youth and there are
no older vigilantes.

“The community has been under
seige for so long that the whole
community is mobilised from top
to bottom," said Harris.

But the real future for
Winterveld will remain uncertain
until the community's more general

litical demands are met and the

‘undamental transformation of the
South African reality into a non-
racial democratic society takes
place.



MOZAMBIQUE

NETHERLANDS DONATION FOR DAY-CARE CENTER
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Jun 86 p 2

[Text] The Van Leer organization, of the Netherlands, has donated
construction materials to the COOP neighborhood of Maputo to be used in
expanding the community's recreation area for children. Symbolic delivery
was made last Saturday by Mr N.J. Van Ondenhoven, a representative of the
organization who was visiting Mozambique. Also present--in addition to
neighborhood leaders--were representatives of the Health Department of the
City of Maputo and Joana Mangueira, National Director of Social Action.

A Portuguese company, Construtora Soares da Costa, will be in charge of
the work and promised to complete it within 30 days, provided that all the
necessary materials become available.

In delivering the materials, the representative of the organization
explained that Van Leer has 150 groups of community assistance

projects and that the COOP neighborhood is now one of that "family."
The organization's purpose is to improve the lives of children.

Van Ondenhoven stated that "we have learned an important lesson, because
without the support of the community and the family, it is impossible to
help the children." He praised the COOP residents for their support of
the children of the zone.

The National Director of Social Action said that this is the first time

that a day care center has been established for a neighborhood, although
the Social Action Agency and various companies have many of these. She

expressed the hope that this experience would spread to other neighbor-

hoods.

The secretary of the COOP community said that the day care center was
supposed to have been inaugurated on 7 April, but this was not possible
because of a shortage of cement and paint. Initially the center will
house 30 children--as indicated by the Health Department of the City of
Maputo--and will employ seven people. He also said that a five-member
parents' committee has been set up to monitor the operation of the day
care center.

12830/13252
CSO: 3442/248

17



POLICE ARREST 'UNDISCIPLINED' SOLDIERS

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 20 Jun 86 p 7

[Text]

/9317
CSO: 3400/303

KAMPALA. Military in-
discipline, the bane of
everyday life in Uganda
for decades, has re-
appeared in Kampala,
where troops have started
driving army vehicles on
unofficial errinds and
shooting unnecessarily at
criminals.

The commander of the

jovernment’s National

esistance Army (NRA),
Elly Tumwine, said in a
statement that the mili-
tary authorities. had ar-
rested trigger-happy sol-
diers and rounded up 10
army vehicles moving
without orders.

The NRA of president
Yoweri Museveni, which
swept into ‘Kampala. in
January has had a repu-
tation for discipline and
respect for civilians.

Burglary

Commander Tumwine
said burglary and car theft
had also returned to the
city suburbs over the last
two days despite an exten-
sive crackdown on crime
earlier this month.

Twenty suspects have
been arrested and four
guns with ammunition
confiscated in a new cam-
paign to combat the resur-

«gence, radio Uganda said

on Sunday. -
Detainees

Forty other detainees
were still in custody last

Thursday after the earlier’

week-long police and
army operation © which
netted 1,390 rifles and 43
unregistered vehicles.
Tumwine said the auth-
orities were taking serious
steps to stamp out crime
and appealed to the public
to come forward with. in-
formation on any criminal
activity. :
“Criminals are . defi-
nitely going to be dealt
with ruthlessly and the

public will be kept, in-*

formed all, the time.” he
added.

Police said armed men
stole seven .cars _ since
Thursday night. In each
case, soldiers had opened
fire in attempts to stop
them. — Reuter

34

UGANDA



SOUTH AFRICA

BOPHUTHATSWANA DEFENSE FORCE NOW HAS CRACK PARATROOPERS
Pretoria PARATUS in English Jul 86 pp 58, 59

[Text] Bophuthatswana is a fragmented countyy and it is difficult to
transport and deploy troops quickly. For instance, it can take up to
fifteen hours to transport troops from Mmabatho to some of the more outlying
districts. According to Bophuthatswana's Minister of Defence, Brig H.F.P.
Riekert, the training of the paratroopers is designed to afford the Special
Forces Unit, established last year, greater strategic and tactical mobility.

Of the 63 selected to undergo paratroop training, 42 qualified--an impressive
and unusually high success rate. The men began intensive physical training
in November 1985. 81% passed their final physical tests--more than double
the usual rate. In the next phase they were comprehensively instructed in
all parachuting techniques. The standard of the training was as high as
that offered anywhere in the world.

The parade took place on the main runway of Mmabatho International Airport.

In attendance were representatives of North West and OFS Commands, the South
African Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr Ron Miller, the South African
Ambassador Dr W. Kotze, the Mayor of Mafikeng Mr Sidney Gordon, the:‘Chief
Commissioners of the Bophuthatswana Police and Prisons Services, the Chief
Justice of Bophuthatswana and members of the Cabinet. Many relatives and
friends also watched the proceedings excitedly.

The highlight of the parade was the jump by the new BDF paratroopers from
two aircraft. Excited relatives trained their eyes on the blossoming

chutes. For most this was their thirteenth jump. A11 landed safely and
formed up in. no.time.to receive their wings-from Dr Mangope.

One of the 42 successful paratroopers was recuperating at the time in
1 Military Hospital from a broken ankle. Despite his injury suffered
whilst on course, he successfully completed the course--and two jumps!

"Throwing oneself into space is not a natural act, especially for us
Batswana," Dr Mangope said. Addressing the paratroopers, Dr Mangope
said, "You have shown the world of what calibre we are made and that we
are a people to be reckoned with."

54



"People in the Province of Maputo are still living in a critical
situation," says the report, which adds that as of May 1986 the number of
persons affected was 120,000. Maputo is the southern province that has
seen the most armed bandit activity, and this is the primary cause of the
misery being experiences by its population.

Infiltration Corridor

The district of Magude, in the center of Maputo Province, is one of the
main corridors in southern Mozambique use for infiltration by bandits
coming from South Africa. It is from this region that the bandits extend
their activities to other districts further south, such as Moamba,
Manhica, and Maracuene. "During a recent armed bandit attack in the
district of Magude, in the locality of Matsandzane, the criminals burned
160 houses and 37 barns and storage facilities. Now, more than 4,000
families (about 30,000 persons) have been affected by bandit activities in
the district," says the report.

For all these regions, support from the government and the international
community represents the only help. The Mozambican armed forces have
continually mounted military actions to improve security in the areas
affected by the criminal activities of the bandits, and to protect the
supply lines leading to the interior areas. The DPCCN, through its
provincial representatives and in coordination with the Ministry of
Commerce and international organizations, has distributed food, clothing,
seeds, farm implements,and other items to the residents insofar as such
have been available. According to the DPCCN report, 332 tons of corn and
150 tons of vegetable oil donated by the Belgian government and another
3,000 liters of vegetable oil from the Christian Council of Mozambique are
being distributed in the districts of Magude, Boane, Marracuene, Namaacha,
and Matutuine. These districts still need more food, medicine, clothes,
and seeds. Gaza, which has not suffered from the activities of the
bandits, has already begun to receive part of the products from the
Eduardo Mondlane Foundation in Alto-Changane, in the district of Chibuto.

Three settlement centers have been created in Tete Province and the DPCCN
has made 2.5 million meticals available to finance a food production
project. A "small projects" unit is expected to be created soon. It will
have the support of the DPCCN and the Ministry of Commerce. The DPCCN
report does not mention any food distribution work in this province, which
ranks second in terms of needy people, and says that the province's truck
fleet has been cut to 43 with the destruction of 7 trucks by the armed
bandits.

The DPCCN stated that present levels of assistance ‘can be maintained if
the donor community "considers current food needs and does not wait until
August or September" when the needs will become greater. "An example of
this effort," it adds, "is the World Food Program, which recently
announced that it would give, prior to those months, 12,000 tons of corn,
3,535 tons of dry beans, and 50 tons of soup." .

12830/13252
CSO: 3442/248

20



Jewellery and household ef-
fects to the value of R20 000 can
be shipped overseas. So too can
the family car ... as long as
there is proof of 12 months’ own-
ership.

Under the new exchange con-
trol laws, a family can leave
with R100 000, calculated in fi-
nancial rands. (The Reserve
Bank can raise the ceiling in
special circumstances, but the
argument needs to be convinc-
ing).

All remaining assets — such
as savings accounts and invest-
ments, perhaps even property
that the emigrant decides ‘to
hang on to while lie awaits a
good offer — must be declared
and transferred to the safekeep-
ing of what the Reserve Bank
calls -an authorised dealer,
usually a bank. .

The assets are parcelled into
a “blocked . account”, -which
stays pinioned under exchange
control laws — ad infinitum,
as things now stand. .

The only tepid comfort is that
income’ from assets is credited
to the emigrant on commercial
rand valuations and goes into a
separate non-resident: account,
which is transferable — though
there may be income tax to
come off it.

The emigrant, from his new
country, can instruct his bank to

/13104

cso:

3400/274

87

move the assets around — sav-
ings into stocks or shares, or in-
come from a property sale into
a building society account, for
instance — but certain transac-
| tions outside of the banking sec-
|tor or the Johannesburg Stock
: Exchange need to be approved
by the Reserve Bank.
“Are there any loopholes?
“There were a few when the
financial rand temporarily
made an appearance in the late
/1970s”, says one bank manager.
“Complicated stock _ market
\‘bond washing’ schemes.escaped
‘for awhile. But the gaps have
all been sealed by the new rules.
“The reasons for. the reintro-
duction of the financial rand last
year_were purely to discourage
disinvestment and capitai oiit-
flows, and discourage a brain
drain from the emigration of
skills and talent. ”
“The risks of trying to skirt
the rules are enormous”. -
The penalty for scams that
‘break the exchange control rule-
book can run to fines as high as
R250 000, or five years in jail.
Even both. . uu
John X\has shelved ideas
about migration +. again...
Instead, he has written to his
uncle in England telling him
how worthwhile it would be for
him to come to South Africa.



from foreign sources. In additién, private sector, in turn, is expected to
invest $1,000 million in these industries. It is thus clear that foreign and
private capital is likely to dominate production in the most strategic indus-
triés under the umbrella of the "state" sector.

Therefore, it is not surprising that .the private sector in Zimbabwe is beginning
to*flex its muscles, knowing as it does, that without it the country will not
be ‘able to fulfill its FFNDP targets. In a series of articles following the
pubtication of the Plan, the private and foreign sectors' mouthpiece in
Zimbabwe, the FINANCIAL GAZETTE has been putting veritable conditions necessary
to motivate the private sector to invest their capital in Zimbabwe, such as a
greater excess to foreign exchange, a relaxed import programme, wage deter-
mination through direct negotiations with the owners of capital and easy trans-
ferability of profits out of the country. Unless these conditions are met, the
FINANCIAL GAZETTE has warned, Government might find that the growth targets
forthe FFNDP are too "ambitious".

The difficulty of relying on foreign capital to bring about development is two-
fold; both reasons paradoxically opposed to each other. If foreign capital
does come in, then it extracts a severe price from the people, turning them into
a dependent "labour" force, and paying them meagre wages to sustain them, while
the bulk of the people still go without employment. This is the root cause of
the so'’called "debt problem" of the Third World Countries, If, on the other
hand, this capital does not come in because the conditions it puts are not
fulfitlable, then the country's resources are not developed. This is the grim
irony of capitalist strategies of development as these apply to conditions of
production in our country. What we need is a more imaginative planning con-
cept Which makes People the main motive force of development, and capital a
“dependent vaziable",

Unemployment To Get Worse

Gweru MOTO in English No 46 86 pp 6-7

[Text] The problem of growing unemployment in Zimbabwe is becoming increasing-
ly pressing. Almost every week some conference or ministerial statement makes
reference to the problem. The First Five-Year National Development Plan is no
exception, In the introductory review of the performance of the economy, it
says: "Indeed, the problem of unemployment is a major national issue and it
looms as one of the most socially destabilising problems throughout the Plan
period."

In view of this concern, it is disappointing that the planners have very little
to say about how they plan to reduce the problem, The only explicit passage
dealing with employment says:

“The creation of additional employment opportunities is intended to provide the
majority of able-bodied Zinbabweans with gainful employment. Detailed survey
of the economy shows that the issue of unemployment tould continue to be one
of the major problems during the Plan period. In spite of the resumption of

41



UNISA STUDY:

SANCTIONS THREATEN ONE MILLION

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 6 Jul 86 p 1

{Article by David Carte]

[Text]

TOTAL trade sanctions
would put more than a mil-
lion South Africans out of ,
work, says a major study by
the University of Sout!
Africa.

The study by Piet Nel of Unisa’s
Bureau of Market Research — says
84% of the jobs lost would be black.

Already i,7-million blacks are un-
employed or underemployed, If an-
other 600 000 were laid off, 31,9% of
all economically active blacks would
be out of work.

The study into development ‘and
welfare of employees in SA is based
on a scientific survey of more than
3.300 companies employing 52% of
all job holders,

Professor Nel says the findings
are a firm put-down to the notion
that sanctions will cause a boom.

“Many think there will be an in-
vestment boom, as there was in Rho-
desia, triggered by import replace-
ment, but it is unlikely. SA has made
its major investment in import re-
placement and cannot contemplate
making many of the high-tech cap-
ital goods it now imports.

“When employers say a million.
jobs will be lost, that is a net figure,
allowing for some investment in im-
port-replacement industries.”

The survey finds that a minimum
of 3,6-million jobs will have to be
created in SA in the next 15 years. If
blacks are to attain the same state of
employment as whites, 6,8-million
new jobs are needed by 2000.

SA was able to generate only 7,72-
million jobs in its 344-year history. In
the past five years, a net 226 000 jobs
were created.

82

*
, Capital shortage

An analysis of job creation from
1950 to 1985 shows that only from
1960 to 1970, when economic growth
averaged 5,9%, did employment
equal population growth.

“Thus the real rate of Increase in
economic activity will have to be
extremely rapid if sufficient jobs are
to be assured. To this end, enormous
sums will have to be invested in the
SA economy.”

The survey says job-creating fixed
investment has declined in the past
five years, mainly because SA has
been unable to attract suffictent
long-term capital from abroad and
because the rate of savings has fallen
as wealth has been redistributed by
tax from whites to blacks.

“South Africa is not in a position to
make the necessary investments
from domestic sources. Foreign en-
terprises and foreign capital are es-
sential if the upliftment of the non-,
white population is to be continued.”

Unisa’s study on employees, black
and white, in the economy, was fund-
ed by the SA Foundation, “but we
sought no conclusions” says Michael

:Christie, general manager of the

foundation.

Professor Nel and his researchers,
who combined the results of their
survey with official statistics and
checked their findings against sec-
ondary scientific sources, found a
marked improvement in the eco-
nomic welfare of blacks in spite of
sluggish economic growth for some
years.
> “Their share of the personal dis-
posable income of the RSA has risen

SOUTH AFRICA



Shangaans, Northern Sothos and
Vendas -- are sub-tenants and.
Officially regarded as squatters.

Many people now find
themselves in a “Catch-22"
situation when their hopes of
improved conditions once they
took up Bop citizenship
smothered.

They were told without Bo,
citizenship, trading licences could
not be obtained. Elderly people
entitled to pensions also found
themselves victims of the
citizenship trap and many have
waited years for citizenship to be
eligible for pension.

In ation into the homeland
also nullified residents’ rights to
freehold tenure. we

C Mokale, Bop's Minister of
Lands and Rural Development in
1984 declared war on squatters
living in the homeland when he
told parliament that “the
government's patience with the
squatters has run out and that an
effective machinery has been
evolved to get rid of them, once
and for all."

This was announced as tension
between Mangope's government
and opposition forces -- much of it
from Winterveld -- reached new
heights. .

In that year, some Winterveld
squatters were removed to a newly
established township known as
"Unit U". Others resisted the
removal.

But as repression continued so
resistence grew and the community
began to rise up and come

"Fe Gate Deno

¢ United Democratic Front-
affiliated Winterveld Action
Committee, led by the Rev Hans
Hlalethwa_ of the Soshanguve
Catholic Church was formed Jast
year

The committee and the Catholic

Commission for Justice and Peace
of the Pretoria Archdiocese once
summarised the plight of the
Winterveld residents in a joint
report.
“The inhabitants of Winterveld
are faced with a continual struggle
-- that of finding a place to stay;
somewhere that they can both
physically stand and where they
can gain legal standing.

“This area encompasses of
the problems of South Aftica the
division of people along racial and
tribal lines; the quest for land and

59

citizenship; dispossession of
people's property ; the changing of
laws by an unrepresentative
government; harassment by
officials and police; the
fragmentation of people, makin;

solidarity impossible; the continual
strugele over housing, education
health, safety and social welfare;
and the unceasing quest for work
so as to maintain life." :

At one stage a South African-
Bophuthatswana inter-govern-
mental working committee was
established to initiate a massive
clean-up of the area. But this had
little impact.

Most Winterveld residents seem.
to regard the "independence" of
Bophuthatswana as a political
fiction.

In practice, they have to work
mainly in Pretoria and the
industrial complex of
Rosslyn.They use South African
currency, do most of their
shopping in Pretoria and are
members of South African trade
unions, including the South
African Allied Workers Union
(Saawu), which is a banned

anisation in the homeland.

‘interveld now forms part of
the "rebellious" Odi-Moretele
region, which comprises, inter
alia, Ga-Rankuwa, Hamman-
skraal, Temba and Mabopane.
These trouble-torn areas almost
constitute a nucleus of resistance to
Bop" independence" and the
residents here have formed
community, worker, youth and
student organisations affiliated to
the UDF.

When South Africa was rocked
by a nationwide crisis last ut,
heightened mass resistence led to
the formation of local and national
crisis committees.

In Winterveld, there were
worker and student stayaways as
repression . mounted. Tre

Mabopane-Winterveld Crisis
Committee was established to
spearhead the struggle.

The situation then took a
dramatic turn. Police shot dead
many youths in the area, and
residents were subjected to
sjambokkings and arrests.

On March 26 this year, 11
residents were shot dead and 28
seriously injured when Bop cops
and soldiers opened fire on a
crowd which had attended "an
illegal gathering’. The police were
under the command of the Odi-



113104
cso:

from 32,3% in 1970 to 44,5% in 1985. A
drastic redistribution of income has
occurre¢ sire 1980, White incomes
dropped by 17,9%. Non-whites
gained not only the entire increase in
real disposable income from 1980-
1985 but the portion lost by whites as
well” (sce graph). ut

‘The main reasons were that real
white wages from 1972-1985 rose by
0,3% as against 4,7% for blacks. *

* Professor Nel says: “The secona
factor which probably contributed
most to this redistribution of income
is the massive increase in direct tax
paid by whites. In 1985, whites paid
15,7% of their income in direct tax as
against 8,8% in 1980.” .

3400/266

Personal disposable Income

A-CAKE RE-DIVIDED

(BG Asians

ES etacks
Ti] cotoureds BER Whites

I]

83

Education
t The surve also found that in
terms of numbers rogress has
been made with the education and
training of blacks, The number
trained in 1985, however, fell by 23%
because of economic circumstances.

About 80% of employers surveyed
believe they have an obli ation to
improve the social circumstances of
black employees. Segregation at
work remains common, particularly
in cloak rooms. There is still dis-
crimination in that a fifth of busi-
nesses do not follow a policy of equal
pay for equal work.



1986-1987 ARMED FORCES BUDGET DETAILED

“SENEGAL

Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE JOURNAL in English Jul 86 pp 80, 81

[Text]

Opening the debate, commission chair-
man Demba Koita, before turning the floor
over to the minister, congratulated the lat-
ter on the confidence that the President of
the Republic had again renewed in him and
extended his best wishes for the continued
health and success of Minister Fall, his staff
and his valiant Senegalese soldiers.

In his response, Minister Medoune Fall
Praised and thanked the national assembly
for its ongoing support. He then took up the
examination of the draft budget, prepared
with the Ministry of Economy and Finance
to conform to decree 6085/MEF/DGD/DB of
October 28th, 1985 concerning preparation
of the operating budget for fiscal 1986-1987.
The budget totals twenty eight billion six
hundred and seven million, one hundred
seventy-nine thousand CFA © francs
(28,607,179,000), or 13.8% of the state oper-
ating budget. This compares with
28,379,708,000 francs for the current fiscal
period (1985-1986) for an increase of
227,471,000 CFA francs in absolute value
and 0.80% in relative value. This budget
can correctly be called an austerity budget,
and was scheduled to begin on July ist of
this year. .

Credits requested are broken down as
follows chapter 321 (personnel) =:
20,797,347,000 CFA francs; chapter 322
{equipment and materiel) : 7,258,588,000
CFA francs; chapter 323 (maintenance) :
451,000,000 CFA francs; chapter 324 (trans-
fers) : 100,244,000 CFA francs.

28

Personnel expenditures

Personnel expenditures were increased
by 227,029,000, an increase of 1.10%. A
total of 120,197,000 rrancs (0.58%) is allo-
cated to recruiting of gendarme-trainees
and 106,832,000 CFA francs (0.51%) the re-
turn to national service of the ist confede-
ral battalion. It was noted that it is unfortu-
nate that there has been a reduction in
personnel in the administrative building
Management division resulting in a pro-
gressive paralysis of this widely used pub-
lic service. It has been necessary to call on
non-contractual personnel for teaching of
classes at the Thies polytechnical school to
replace Canadian teachers. Non-contractual
personnel have also been hired in this
same school. for secretarial and typing
work, as have specialised workers. Also,
for the past 3 years, civilian personnel hay
ing retired, been fired or resigned from
their armed forces or gendarmerie pos-
itions have not been replaced. .

Equipment expenditures

In a world where technology is evolving
at a dizzying pace, it is indispensable to up-
grade and adapt facilities to the worldwide
strategic security and defence situation.
This is difficult and extremely costly, espe-
cially for a smail developing country. There
‘is a minimum that is indispensable, vital
and urgent, however, even if one is limited
to the replacement of certain arms and ve-
hicles that have reached the end of their
service lifetimes, in order to assure on.



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

FRG TECHNICAL, FINANCIAL AID FOR WEST AFRICAN WATER PROJECTS

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
10 Jun 86 p 2

[Article by W. An: "West African Water Projects with German Technical Advice;
Federal Government Provides Financial Help for Some Projects"]

[Text] German engineering consulting firms have been able to take part in
new West African water management projects. They concentrate especially on
water supply efforts in the countries of the drought-threatened Sahel area.
The projects relate to rural areas as well as to cities. Contracts were

also awarded for wastewater disposal and for irrigation of croplands (see also
the report on German engineering consulting activities in West African
countries in the 12 August 1985 issue). Among the German engineering consult-
ing firms which have made commitments in several countries is H. P. Gauff
Engineering Co Ltd of Nuefnberg and Frankfurt, which was able to book new
contracts in Mali, Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta), the Ivory Coast and
Zaire.

In Mali, Gauff Engineering has been entrusted with the evaluation of proposals
and construction oversight for a project concerned with assuring drinking-
water supplies in the five cities of Kayes, Bougoni, Markela, Gao and San.

The contract includes the training of operating personnel. Overall costs for
the project, which is being financed by the African Development Bank of
Abidjan (Ivory Coast), amount to around DM 33 million. In Burkina Faso, Gauff
Engineering undertook preparation of request-for-proposal documents, completed
construction plans, and construction supervision for the water supply of the
two cities of Garango and Kombissiri. Financing for this project, costs of
which are estimated at DM 2,615,000, has been provided by the Reconstruction
Credit Institute of Frankfurt.

In the Ivory Coast, Gauff Engineering obtained the contract for producing a
feasibility study on water supplies for nine western cities, aided by
hydraulic, economic and technical research, The West African Development Bank
is financing the project, for which costs of DM 7 million have been announced.
In April 1986, there followed a further contract on a water management project
in the Ivory Coast. This consists in particular of preparation of a feasi-
bility study on water supplies for 25 cities, as well as completed construc-
tion plans, the preparation of an economic-efficiency study, production of



-arnings to fall, which not only reduced de- . increases cause. unemployment. that it is

mand but also aggravated Zimbabwe's often treated as axiomatically true by com-
endemic foreign exchange shortage. This , mentators, Zimbabwe's planners not ex-
compounded the unemployment problem, cepted. But what is the reasoning behind
as firms laid off workers because of a short- : ' this article of faith? The planners state that
age. of necessary imported inputs. is wage increases cause ‘enterprises to shift

It was argued that to deal with this, Zim- from labour-intensive to capital-intensive
babwe had to ‘maintain its international techniques of production.” This argument
competitiveness’, by keeping down is correct only in so far as the wage in-
domestic cost inflation. This was further in- creases caused an increase in the cost of
terpreted as meaning it was necessary to labour relative to that of capital equipment.
keep a lid on wage increases and a check on This requires a detailed analysis of such
inflationary increases in money supply things as interest rates (which have doubled
caused by rapid expansion of government for most borrowers since 1980), import
borrowing. On the basis of this reasoning it “ prices (which have risen by about 35%), the
was reasonable to operate a wage freeze and cost implications of forex shortages, and so
to attempt to curtail the expansion of on. It also requires an analysis of changes in
government expenditure. labour productivity. There is no published

An alternative analysis is however, possi- analysis of this sort available, but if there
ble. Throughout the period Zimbabwe ap- were, it would probably show that labour
pears to have maintained its share of world costs have indeed risen relative to capital
exports: this suggests that competitiveness costs, but not by as much asw casual look at
was not the problem, but rather that it was £ _minimum wage changes would suggest. If
the contraction of the world market. Fur-. this is so, two implications might be drawn.
thermore, there is some evidence to suggest Firstly, wage increases are probably not
that Zimbabwe's exports of manufactured jificant a cause of unemployment as
products see the export market as a employers and the planners would have us
residual, that their exports expand when ” believe. Given the effect of wage increases
domestic demand expands. Cutting demand ‘on domestic demand, and the importance

would, in these circumstances, tend to

of this in determining the level of activity in
reduce exports of these, goods. A policy of

the economy, there is some basis for argu-

demand restraint was not only unnecessary ing that rising wages lead toa reduction in
but possibly aggravated the problem. : unemployment.

Of course, for traditional exports from | Secondly, even if there has been a relative
the mining and agricultural sector a rise in increase in labour costs, this is in part
domestic demand has only negative effects, because many government’s'policies actual-
since they feel only the cost implications but ly keep down capital costs. Low interest
do not benefit from the expansion of the rates, depreciation allowances for tax pur-
domestic market: One of the serious issues . poses, over-valued exchange rates, tariff

which has to be tackled is how to balance
the conflicts between these sectors; what ex-
change rate policy should be adopted, how

rebates on equipment, etc. effectively keep
down the net cost of capital. This is done on
the grounds that this stimulates the overall

should foreign exchange be allocated, what level of investment. It may do so (although
tariff structure is appropriate, and so on. even that is debatable), but it also exacer-
“On these things the Plan appears silent. bates any tendency to replace workers by

Turning. to wages as a cause of un- machines. . a

employment, it seems so obvious that wage

Productive Sectors To Benefit
Gweru MOTO in English No 46 86 p 9

[Text] THE cripical factor in the success or other- The measure of the magnitude of the in-
wise of the Five Year National Develop- __, vestment is given by the term Gross Fixed
ment Plan is that of investment. A central Capital Formation. This is the engine which
theme running through the Plan is the role will drive the planned growth in the
which investment plays in the development economy by about five percent a year. Over
of agriculture, mining and manufacturing $7000 (seven thousand) million will be
as well as the service sectors. spent on the engine between now and 1990.

43



In the Central African Republic, the textile complex of the former Industrie
Centrafricaine de Textile (ICAT), Bangui, was merged in 1983 with the new
Union Centrafricaine de Textile (Ucatex). Shareowners of Ucatex, which took
the place of the state-owned ICAT, are a French group to which the textile
companies Schaeffer and Texunion belong, with 51 percent, and the Central
African Government, with 49 percent. The financing of the new project, which
involves the starting up again of the textile complex, was shared by the
European Investment Bank (EIB), of Luxembourg, the state-owned Caisse
Centrale de Cooperation Economique (CCCE), Paris, and the Central African
Government. The total investment is said to amount to 4.6 billion CFA francs.

12991/9835
cso; 3420/44



KAMPALA SEEN FACING LONG TERM WATER SHORTAGE

Kampala WEEKLY TOPIC in English 25 Jun 86 pp 1, 16

[Text]

Kampala residents may go thirsty for yet

long time, unless the National Water
and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC)
devises a system of pumping an extra 17
million gallons (about 58 million litres) of
water into the capital city and’ its
suburbs.

Presently, Kampala City boasts more
than 700,000 residents, who, according to
the Managing Director of NWSC, Mr. H.
Onck, are supposed to be consuming a
total of 32 million gallons (about 121
million litres) of water daily. But unfor-
tunately, the Gaba Water Works can only
pump a miserable 15 million gallons
{about 50 million litres) which is often on
and off.’

The water and sewerage system
throghout Kampala City and the suburbs
need complete overhaul due to neglect by
the past govenments.

Kampala water mains run for a total of
300 km, and most of these mains have
broken down completely. The system
should have been replaced or altered over
the last 15 years but due to mismanage-
ment and political chaos nobody cared to
do repairs.

An additional pumping station with a
15 million gallons (about 50 million litres)
installed capacity to boost the ever in-
creasing population was said to have been
reconumended by the World Health
Organisation (WHO) report of 1972—74
but was neglected by the Amin regime.

Reacting to the water shortage in the ci-
ty and its suburbs, Mr.Onek blamed the
past regimes for lack of adequate atten-
dance to the water system.

37

‘For 20 years, thé water system was
neglected and as a result machines and
pipes wore out. The chlorine to kill germs
in water and other chemical action af-
fected the steel pipe system. The pipes
got corroded with time and the corpora-
tion had no spare parts to replace them,”
he explained.

Gaba Water Works was supposed to
have been updated by 1971 and expanded
to meet. the present demand. The amount
of water now being supplied to Kampala
(15 million gallons per day) is said to be a
pre-1971 capacity.

While between 1971 to date the popula-
tion has increased, there has not been any
additional increase in water supply.
Besides, most of the water appliances in
some houses (especially Custodian Board
premises) have been rotting and with no
replacement. Most pipes are blocked and
clogged. Even the little water pumped
either find it hard to reach the consumer
or flow freely throngh burst pipes.

Another reasor causing shortage of
water in the city was said to be the fluc-
tuation in electricity supply, and at times
complete power failure. Gaba water
worksuse big pumps of 150—250 horse
power that need a lot of power. And with
fluctuating: electricity, it interrupts the
normal water supply.

However, the corporation, inspite of the
current constant electricity power cuts
hes not bothered to procure « standby
generator at Gaba works. It was learnt
that « loan is now being southt to buy »
generator. |

UGANDA



contributions were received from such persons as Salema Chibique, and
Edith Cardoso. "With their contributions, we will be able to realize
something that had been only a dream."

Our source made particular mention of support from Edith Cardoso, whom he
described as pleasant and receptive. Mr Guivala said he contacted Ms
Cardoso, "who works for Minerva Central and explained my problem, asking
her to approach the directors of the company. For various reasons,
Minerva Central could not help us, so she offered us 5,000 meticals and
gave us some ideas of where we might obtain additional financing. We
think this was a wonderful thing for her to do."

Guivala noted that "no one believed that we could raise the money, but we
always believed that someone would be sympathetic. In fact, it was in
this spirit that we even contacted vendors from the Xipamanine, Central,
and Mazambane markets. Often they gave us small contributions, which,
combined with others, add up to the sum we now have."

Speaking about the trip to the German Democratic Republic, our source
said that the visit will make a great contribution to the students'
professional training through the conducting of experiments in optics,
which will take up most of their stay in the socialist country. He added
that several visits to factories are planned as a way in which to link
theory with practice "because physics is a science that is mainly based on
experiments," he said in conclusion.

12830/13252
CSO: 3443/248

16



MOZAMBIQUE

COMMENTARY DISCUSSES NEW RSA FIGHTER PLANE
MB171304 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1100 GMT 17 Jul 86
{Station commentary]

[Text] The South African Government yesterday unveiled a new jet fighter
plane, the Cheetah, which has been developed in secrecy. Predictably,

State President P.W. Botha compared the aircraft's capability to that of the
Soviet MiG-23, the implication being that South Africa faces a threat from
the Soviet Union and, therefore, requires comparable weapons.

The reality, however, is that southern African countries which have MiG's in
their air forces have never used them to attack targets in South Africa.
Pretoria, on the other hand, has often used its warplanes to attack the
Frontline States.

Just as predictable was P.W. Botha's description of the new warplane as his
government's reply to the imposition of sanctions. The idea here is that
international sanctions will not force Pretoria to change its policies be-
cause white South Africa is so resourceful and technologically advanced that
it can always develop its own solution to problems created by sanctions. It
can even, so we were led to believe, develop its own sophisticated jet war-
planes without outside help.

Nothing could be further from the truth, however, and the sudden appearance
of the Cheetah jet actually strengthens the case for international compre-
hensive sanctions against Pretoria. The fact is that South Africa relies
heavily on external technology, components, and plants for its own industry.
Ever since the first UN Security Council resolution calling for an arms em-
bargo was adopted in 1963, Pretoria has boasted ot is self-sufficiency in
this field. When production of the Impala warplanes began in 1967, it was
claimed that they were a genuine South Africa product. In fact, the Impala
was the Aermacchi M.B. 326 made under Italian license. Most of the vital
components were imported from abroad, including initially the Rolls-Royce
engines. These engines were later manufactured in South Africa under license
granted by an Italiuknfirm which had in turn received the original license
from Rolls-Royce in Britain.

11



/9986

Gencor Gold Mines Increase Total Income

(Madden Cole; THE CITIZEN, 17 Jul 86) ...cecececeesceceeers

Freegold Increases Gold Production
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Jul 86) ...cccccedcecccecccncccecesccecces

Transvaal Gold Mines Profits Up Slightly
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Jul 86) ..cescecececccecccccnceccencsecees

Copper, Zinc Producer Improves Quarterly Results
(THE CITIZEN, 16 Jul 86) ..scececccccecceccccecsccccceceee

Twistdraai Colliery First Worldwide To Produce Over 1 Million Tons
(THE CITIZEN, 9 Jul 86) ..ccccccccccccccccccnccceccsceesces

96

98

99

101

102



ried 390 203 tons of imports into
Zambia, of which only 52419
came in through South African,
ports. The other 337 784 tons
originated in South Africa,
LABOUR: Only about 1 000 Zam-
bians are legally employed im
South Africa. In 1983 the fig-
ure was 743 and their remit-
tances put only Ri million into
Zambia’s foreign exchange cof-
fers. :

POWER: Zambia is independent
of South Africa for electricity

and most of its petroleum
oducts come in on the Tazara

ine.
TRANSPORT: Zambia has 18
diesel locomotives on hire from
South Africa. In May there was
a daily average of 3665.SATS
railway trucks on Zambian and
Zairean lines. SAA services
Zambian Airways planes and
trains its pilots on an ad hoc
basis.
TOURISM: Although South Afri-
can passport-holders may enter
Zambia there is little tourist

traffic with South Africa.
VETERINARY. CO-OPERATION:
South Africa is Zambia’s
nearest and best source of
many veteri products and
in 1984 supplied 379 400 doses
of animal vaccine to Zambia.
EDUCATION: Despite being fur-
ther away, Zambia sent more
students (890) to. South African
higher education institutions
between 1979 and 1985 than did
Botswana or Swaziland.

On Lesotho

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 6 Jul 86 p 15

[Text]

TRADE: Lesotho has a -serious
trade imbalance, with imports
far exceeding exports
(R439 million to R43 million in
1982). The imbalance is offset

‘largely by the remitted pay of

migrant workers in South Afri-
ca and by overseas aid. At
R280 600 000 in 1983, the remit-
tances formed about 40 per
cent of the country’s gross na-
tional product. By comparison,
Lesotho’s biggest export, dia-
monds, brought in only about
R20 million and its next big-
gest, wool, earned only R4 mil-
lion. Lesotho’s income stands to
be greatly increased by sales of
water to South Africa from the
Proposed Lesotho Highlands
project. . 1

Most: of Lesotho’s imports
come from South Africa. More
than R420 million of its foreign

trade in 1983 was with the |

Southern African: Customs

Union, which in effect means _
with South Africa. Lésotho's *”

share of revenue from the cus-
toms union last year represent-
ed 60 per cent of the country’s
total revenue.

In 1984-85 SATS moved only

2854 tons of exports from Le-
sotho and brought in 94995
tons.
LABOUR: The 138443 Basotho
working in South Africa in 1984
were about half of Lesotho’s
total work force. They were
there because there was very
little employment for them in
their own country.

POWER: All of Lesotho's elec-

ttic power and all its petrol
comes from South Africa. A re-

latively small amount. of
‘hydro-electric power will be
generated by the Lesotho High-
lands project.
TRANSPORT: Lesotho and South
Africa exchange scheduled air
services and SAA repairs Air
Lesotho aircraft as required.
From: Mbabane, regular’ air
services are operated to Mo-
zambique and Swaziland and
Zimbabwe will soon be includ-
ed. The new international air-
port near Maseru can take in-
termediate size airliners but
not jumbos.
COMMUNICATIONS: Satellite
facilities give Lesotho indepen-
dent telecommunications.
TOURISM: 10578 people went to
Lesotho from-South Africa in
1984. How many were holida-
makers is not known but the
Proportion. is believed to be
Substantial. Tourism would. be
given a big boost by the moun-.
tain lakes created by the Le-
sotho Highlands pro t.
VETERINARY OOPERATION:
Lesotho received only 2160
doses of animal vaccine from
~ South Africa in 1983/84 but the
Republic is nevertheless its
main source of such material.
HEALTH: Lesotho sent. 661 pa-
tients to South African hospi-
tals in 1983-84 and was supplied
with 3022 doses of huma vac-

cine.
EDUCATION: 1 062 Basotho stu-
dents studied at South African
higher * education institutions
between 1979 and 1985.

66



MOZAMBIQUE

NAMPULA GOVERNOR VISITS INSTITUTIONS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Jun 84 p 3

[Text] This month, The First Secretary and Governor of Nampula, Gaspar
Dzimba, visited the Nampula Central Hospital, the Mozambique-North Railway,
the Industrial Pedagogical Institute, the Middle Pedagogical Institute, and
the First of May Pre-University School in order to understand the functioning
of each of the institutions and the problems they face. Gaspar Dzimba spoke
with the directors and with workers at each place.

The Director of. the Railway, Rui Pereira, said that existing equipment
transports passengers, commercial products, food products, and materials
for export, They operate in Niassa, Zambezia, and Nampula, as well as in
other countries such as Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe,

‘The head of the carpentry section said that presently only ruined equipment
if repaired, due to a shortage of wood, glue and nails. He also explained
that much of the equipment is old.

Governor Gaspar Dzimba viewed some equipment that had been damaged twice in
raids by armed bandits this year, and later the place where convoys had been
attacked in 1984, He was told that one piece of equipment was beyond repair
since the bandits had set fire to its gas tank in December 1984, The mainten-
ance engineer, Daniel Ferreira, explained that repairs on another piece of
equipment would cost 15 million meticals.

The director said that one of the most serious problems facing the company in
repairing its equipment is lack of funds. The costs are greater than current
income. He also said that the situation is worsening because lately they
have been able to operate only the domestic lines; the Nampula-Cuamba line
has been rendered inoperable.

Rui Pereira said that 18,000 tons of various products are halted along the
railway lines. The products are equivalent to 452 freight car loads, of
which 309, or 11,293 tons, are in domestic traffic; and 143 car loads, or
6867 tons, in international traffic. He also said that the cargo includes
food products that may spoil or be stolen.

.At the end of the visit, the Governor said that ways of protecting cargo
along the lines will be studied, and individual responsibilities and work

21



project. In Ghana, Kocks Consult Ltd of Koblenz booked a consulting
subcontract on*the Cape Coast-Takoradi water supply. In Guinea, Dorsch
Consult Engineering Ltd of Munich undertook consultation on the Koundara/
Gaoual well digging program. In Liberia, Instrupa Consulting Ltd of Bad
Homburg vor der Hoehe was engaged for a study on the rehabilitation of
irrigated rice cultivation areas,

13070/9435
CSO: 3420/46 -



300 kilograms of Pl polyethylene net, and a motor generator with a 20-25 KVA
capacity. This equipment has not yet been acquired, according to Helder
Meneses, although it has been officially ordered,

The company currently employs 45 fishermen experienced at various types of
fishing operations. They will hire 25 more as soon as the projects, halted
at the moment for lack of cement and iron, are completed, and fishing opera-
tions are fully under way. They have two mechanics, one warehouse foreman,
and two office workers.

12857/9835
CSO: 3442/253

26



/9317
CSO: 3400/287

95



SOUTH AFRICA

ROLE OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN NATIONS MINES DECLINING

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 10 Jul 86 p 22

[Article by Sven Lunsche]

Politics and labour in South

(Text Africa — in addition to pros-
pects for gold and other min-
erals — are playing an increas-
ingly important role in shaping
the attitudes of non-resident in-
vestors to South African mining
shares.

: The role of foreign investment
in South African mines has de-
clined over the last year, and
brokers Davis Borkum Hare ex-
pect this trend to continue in the
near future.

In a publication entitled “For-
eign Holdings in South African
Mining Shares” the brokers say:
“Although there are not, ap-
parently, any measures contem-
plated to block quotation of
South. African shares abroad,
certain fund managers have
been forced through political
pressures to disinvest South
African shares.

They add, however, that
against the back ground of tur-
moil in overseas investment
markets — where stocks and
bonds are booming but the un-
derlying economies tend to look
fragile — it increasingly makes
sense to invest in gold shares as
“insurance”.

“Should the rationale for buy-
ing gold continue to gain in va-
lidity, then South African shares
will offer a stronger case for
consideration than gold shares
in Canada, Australia or the US,
where ‘insurance money’ was
first invested,” the brokers say.

88

Davis Borkum Hare list the
higher dividend yields, the bet-
‘ter value of price earning ratios
:and the low price of South Afri-
can gold shares in non-rand
terms as the major reasons for
possible future “insurance” in-
.vestment in the country.

“The relatively tightly held
nature of the South African gold
share market, plus the good
value offered by such shares,
could cause significant rises in
share prices should foreign in-
vestors change their attitude,”

Over the last year, however,
these factors have not been pres-
ent and there has been a
progressive decline in the for-
eign ownership of South African
mining shares.

In 1984, and for the first quar-
ter of 1985, foreigners were net
purchasers of South African
‘mining shares. However, for the
remainder of 1985, and to date

iin 1986, foreign investors have
switched ‘to become net sellers
-Of local shares.

The value of foreign holdings
jin the mines in May 1986
amounted to R20,3 billion, which
in terms of the financial rand
jexchange rate amounts to
$5,1 billion. -,
~ “Although a higher gold dollar
price and an improved rand
helped generate some foreign
buying of gold shares in late
:1985 and early 1986, many for-
‘eign investors took advantage ~—
particularly of the 40 percent



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

EAST AFRICA RECEIVES INTERNATIONAL AID FOR NEW HARBOR PROJECTS

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
5 Jun 86 p 2

[Article: "The World Pays, Africa Builds: New Harbor Facilities from
Ethiopia Through Djibouti to the Seychelles"]

[Text] Since the last survey (Blick durch die Wirtschaft, 4 January 1985)

new harbor projects have been started in the East African region, financed
mainly with international help. This is the case in Ethiopia. The
International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank group granted

to that country last April a line of credit of $5.5 million for the financing
of a project inyolving the improvement of the harbor in Assab and the
financing of studies by the contracting body, the Marine Transport Authority
(MTA), Addis Ababa. The total investment is reported to be $8.5 million.

The project provides mainly for the construction of wharves for tugboats and
the elimination of narrows to increase productivity. The studies are designed
to prepare the way for a further expansion of the Port of Assab. As engineer-
ing consultants the British firm of Bertlin & Partners, Redhill (Surrey)

was engaged.

In mid-February 1985, in the harbor of Djibouti, a substantial container
terminal costing around $18 million was put into operation. It boasts two
container cranes with a lifting capacity of 35 tons each. The Federal
Republic of Germany approved a capital contribution of DM 7 million for the
partial financing of this project. The Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic
Development (KFAED) agreed to a credit line of 3.5 million Kuwaiti dinars

(1 Kuwaiti dinar = about DM 8.5). The Arab Fund for Economic and .Social
Development (AFESD) and the French state-owned Fonds d'aide et de cooperation
(FAC) also participated in the financing. The French state-owned consulting
enterprise Bureau Central d'Etudes pour les Equipements d'Oute-Mer (BCEOM),
of Paris, had undertaken the consulting contract.

The Italian firm Techint, of Milan, [completed] in the spring of 1986 the
technical blueprints for a series of projects to be financed with the help
of the Italian Development Fund (Fondi Aiuti Italiani-FAI). Among these
is the improvement of the harbor of Boosasco on the Gulf of Aden. This is
to include additional wharves and an unloading crane, .



ANGLOVAAL'S MINES BEAT HIGHER COSTS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jul 86 p 25

[Text]

A WEAKER . rand/-
dollar exchange rate
combined with gener-
ally firmer internat-
ional gold prices led to
improved rand gold
prices received by the
Anglovaal Group’s
four gold mines in the
June quarter. This
more than compen-
sated for higher costs
—_ brought about
mainly by increased
wage and salary bills —
with the result that
working profits from
gold were all up on the
March quarter.

Other than Loraine,
tax charges were. sharply
lower because of in-
creased capital expendi-
ture, but all mines record-
ed fair-sized increases in
after-tax profits. The
after-tax position was:
Hartebeestfontein
R72.461. 000 (March:
R51 403 000), Loraine
R14 232 000 (R7 027 000),

‘ETC R11 557 000
(RG 728 000) and Village
1 671.000 (R586 000).
ie net result was that
the mines’ total taxed
profit was 55 percent
higher at R99 921 000
(R65 744 000), while the
total tax bill was reduced
by 24 percent ‘ to
R66 215 000
(R86 597 000). Loraine is
not paying State’s share
of profit as it still has an
assessed loss for this pur-
pose.

In addition to the for-
ward exchange contracts
that were closed out dur-
ing the March quarter,
the . mines have now
closed out all their fully-
hedged positions. The
profit from all these trans-
actions has been, and will
continue to be, acounted
for monthly on the matu-
rity dates of the relevant
contracts. :

As shareholders were
warned in the March
quarterly, capital expen-
diture at Hartebeesfon-
tein was sharply higher at

94

R36 323 000
(R15 402 000) with
R16 152 000 being ‘in-
curred on work on the
new low-grade gold re-
covery plant;' Loraine’s
figure increased to”
"'R3 458 000 (Ri 661 000)
as momentum built up on
the resuscitated capex
programme; ETC’s was
147 percent up with
R4 163 000 of the total be-
ing spent on its Princeton
j development '— again as
‘ projected in the previous
quarter; and Village’s
tose ‘to Rt 858 000
(R113 000) © of which
R1 402 000 was for new
employee housing.

Unit cost increases
were generally well con-
tained, especially in view
of the wage and salary in-
creases granted from May
‘and June respectively:
Hartie’s figure was 7,5
percent higher, Loraine’s
only 1,7 percent, ETC’s
14 percent and Village’s
10 percent. ETC’s in-
crease was affected to a
large degree by a lump

SOUTH AFRICA

sum payment to its pen-
sion fund to provide
necessary additional ben-
efits for its employees,
. while Village’s figure was
adversely affected by a
lower tonnage milled.
Loraine reported a
small increase in tonnage
milled," but the other
mines’ totals were down,
while grades at all mines
were slightly better. The
end result was that gold
Production was increased
at Harties and Loraine,
but was lower at ETC and
Village. Total gold pro-
duced therefore rose to
10 762 (10 586) kg.
However, the higher
rand gold prices more
than offset any negative
factors and working pro-
fits from gold were higher
at all mines: Harties was 5
percent up at
R122 465 000, Loraine’s
was 74 percent higher at
R21 945 000, ETC's im-
proved by 13 percent to
R12.410 000 and Village's
working profit rose by 22
percent to Ri 277 000.



TRANSVAAL GOLD MINES PROFITS UP SLIGHTLY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Jul 86 p 21

[Text]

THE Transvaal gold
mines administered by
the AAC showed a slight
improvement in available
profit to R205,8 million
(R204,6 million) in spite
of a2% drop in gold price
received at R24 607 pet
kg. Provision for-taxation
fell 277% to R193,3 mil-
lion as a result of the low-
er pre-tax profit and the’
higher capital expendi-,
ture which increased by*
R13,2 million to R157,9°
million. © > 4

Operations were gener-:
ally satisfactory with total:
area mined increasing by:
8% to: 845.000 square
metres and tons milled in-
creasing by 2% to
4739000 tons. Grade,
however, fell by 0,14 g/t
to 6,7 g/t resulting in gold
output dropping margi-
nally to 33048 kg. Al-
though total. working
costs increased by 4,6%

as a result of the in- |

creased mining activity ,
and escalation, unit costs ;
in rands per square metre,
fell by 2,8% to R421,50."

Costs in rand per ton mill- |

ed increased by R1,80 to;
R75,20..-

99

The'“fncrease in Vaal
Reef’s.available profit by
RI16,7--million to R102,3;
million was as a result of a,
31 percent drop in provis-!
ion tor tax to R116,2'mil-*
lion and an anticipated
doubling in capital expen--
diture to R61,9 million. ::

Included in the profit
for the quarter is the divi-
dend from: Southvaal of
R24,7 million and an in-

crease of R20,1 million in
uranium profit to R41,9
million.

Area mined increased
by 6 percent to 557 000 sq
metres but a slight drop in
tons milled and grade re-
sulted in a drop of 275 kg
of gold. produced - to
20 761 kg. Total working
‘costs increased by 4 per:
sent. ° ‘

South* Lease Area in-
‘ereased area niined by 9.
percent to 203.000 sq
metres and with increased

‘ milling pushed gold pro-
diction up by in kg is

10 184kg. ..

Afrikaner Lease Areas

increased its gold produe- *

tion by 9 percent to 292
kgs as a result of an in-
crease in tons milled and

SOUTH AFRICA



TEACHERS BACK PEOPLE'S EDUCATION--More and more teachers' organisations of all
races are stepping down from “government structures" and throwing their lot
behind the popular call for "people's education". Last week the "English-
speaking" Natal Teachers' Society rejected the new "whites only" Teachers!
Federal Council and challenged its more conservative counterparts in the
Transvaal and Cape to follow suit. Speaking at the NTS annual congress in
Durban, newly~elected president Hilstone Johnston said: "We are now going to
move a lot faster", But it is not the only organisation to follow the pre-
cedent set last year by the 45,000-strong African Teachers' Association of SA,
which withdrew its representatives from the SA Council of Education and the
Research Committee on Education Structures. ‘The Teachers' Association of SA
also decided at its recent 61st annual conference in Durban to suspend its
future participation in the SACE and RECES., The final decision will be taken
by its national executive after alli its members have been consulted. At the
conference, Unisa African Languages department lecturer Prof Cornelius
Marivate called for the opening of all schools and educational institutions to
all races, Meanwhile, the United Teachers’ Associations of SA last week re-
solved to withdraw its representatives from all "government structures", [Text]
[By Sibusiso Mngadi] [Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 6 Jul 86 p 4) /9274

NUM ON GOLD MINERS' PLIGHT--Gold miners are among the most exploited workers

in SA--they earn about R162 per month, working underground for over 100 hours

in a fortnight, And their living conditions on the surface are equally bad.
National Union of Mineworkers official Marcel Golding sketched the miners’
plight to 300 delegates at the Metal and Allied Workers' Union's annual congress
this week. He said NUM has undertaken to struggle for improved wages and better
working and living conditions for the miners, The struggle, he said, “extends
beyond the confines of mine compounds, into all aspects affecting miners'
lives", Since the turn of the century, about 46,000 gold miners have lost

their lives. At least 600 die each year in occupational accidents in SA gold
mines, he said. Gold miners working on the surface earn R162 a month. Under-
ground workers get R193, while coal mine surface workers get R159 and those
underground R172, This year the union demanded a 45% wage increase across the
board. The Chamber of Mines thought demands were “outrageous, excessive and
unrealistic", Golding said. But, he said, the mining industry's ability to pay
higher wages did not need to be proven-—in 1985, the industry recorded its
highest profits, "Working profits rose by about 38%. Dividends paid to share-
holders rose by 38%, Tax paid to the government rose by 47%." AFter many meet-
ings, NUM dropped its wage demand to 30%. The chamber's final offer is 15-20%.
The chamber is only prepared to reduce working hours by two and has agreed to
make May Day a paid holiday. [Text] [Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 6 Jul
86 p 4) /9274

BOPHUTHATSWANA OVERSPENDS~~Bophuthatswana is facing a serious financial crises--
but the homeland government continues to erect expensive projects. While Bop is
seeking financial help from SA, it has started building a multi-million rand
stadium south of Mabopane which is expected to be finished this year. There
has been strong criticism of Bop's heavy spending, which includes a R21-m
pleasure resort at the Pilanesburg game reserve, a R18-m "Olympic" stadium

in Mmabatho, a R25-m "international" airport, a R40-m investment in hotel
industries and a R4,5-m contract to buy 150 tractors from:Romania. SA

62



On Swaziland

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 6 Jul 86 p 15

[Text]

pp!
of Swaziland’s:

TRADE: -The-‘railway' line to
Maputo gives,Swaziland
some. Hae pane ‘rom
e line is

subject NR ‘attacks,
As it is zi makes
extensive aase of the South

African,:
85 SATS‘ 839 983 tons
of Swazi exports to South’
African

Tt brotight, in

291 924: tons..0f. imports. —
only 36793" comin from

‘Of R609 million in 1983:
LABOUR: 16773 Swazis

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR

[Text]

in Mozambique have since
1985 been closed by MNR at-
tacks, Malawi relies on a
combination of road and rail
links through Zambia and
South Africa:

m and. in. 1984- .

worked legally in South Afri-
ca in 1983, putting R32 mil-
lion into their country’ 's
economy.

POWER: 7 Although it has coal
and some hydro capacity
Swaziland sets most of its
electricity — 79 percent
1984 — from South Africa.

“ All of the country’s petrol
es from

South Africa.
‘ TRANSPORT: Swaziland has
19 ‘steam and one diesel loco
motives on‘hire from SATS

total: imports, ; “and in, May there were 255,

‘SATS: railay trucks on Swazi

lines. Swazi. Air operates .

On Malawi

in English 6 Jul 86 p

moved 8282 tons of imports
to Malawi, of which 5 851
came in from overseas.

In 1984-85 SATS carried’

. More more’ air cargo to Ma-.
-“lawi — 2852972kg — than
to any other Southern Afri-
can state.

vides employment for about
30.000 wians. In 1984 the:
29612 Malawians legally em-
ployed there remitted
R51 million to Malawi —
about 17 per cent of its gross
national product.

POWER: Malawi gets none of
its power or petrol from
South Africa.

68

scheduled flights to South’

‘TOURISM: 42 439 people.¥i-

sited South Africa from Swa-
‘ziland in 1984 and 46598
went the other way.
VETERINARY COOPERATION:
Swaziland received 15 323:
-doses of animal vaccine
from South Africa in 1983-84,

HEALTH: In 1983-84 Swazi-
land: sent 76 patients te
South African hospitals: and
received. 3407 doses of
human vaccine.
EDUCATION: 624 Swazis stud-
ded.at.SA institutions uf
higher. education between.
1979 and 1985."

45

VETERINARY COOPERATION:
Malawi is the third biggest
user-of South African animal.
vaccines among the neigh-
bouring countries, taking
258 360 doses in 1983-84.

TRANSPORT: The Malawi and
SA airlines exchange sche-

duled services. - :

. TOURISM: The tourist: flow
from South Africa has in-
creased in recent years but
no figures are available.
HEALTH: Malawi sent 34 pa-
tients to South African hospi-
tals in 1983-84 and received
400 doses of human vaccine,
EDUCATION: 2 668 Malawians
enrolled in South African



MOZAMBIQUE

DAILY EXPRESSES SIGNIFICANCE OF 16 JUNE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Jun 86 p 1

[Text] Today, 16 June, we celebrate the anniversary of two important
events in our history: the massacre at Mueda and the creation of the
metical. Now that 26 years have passed since the Mueda massacre, we can
look with pride on the road we have traveled. The slaughter by which
Portuguese colonialism attempted to silence our primary demand--national
independence--served instead to galvanize our determination to seize it by
the barrels of the guns of 25 September. The price of our independence
was blood--and it did not come cheap. It was to preserve this spirit of
determination that our national currency--the metical--was created on 16
June. This date was not chosen by chance. In having the creation of our
currency coincide with the date of the anniversary of the Mueda massacre,
our Party and government wished to pay homage to the determination of the
Mozambican man--our greatest capital asset--which the metical symbolizes.

The 25th anniversary of the massacre at Mueda and the 6th anniversary of
our national currency are events that are separated in time, but
intimately linked by the force of history and the struggle for the
political, economic, social, and cultural independence of the Mozambican
people. Both events symbolize the struggle that the Mozambican people
waged against colonial domination and the battle they are fighting today
for economic emancipation and for the welfare of the nation and each
individual in it.

The national currency, the metical, was created on 16 June 1980 as a tool
that would energize national economic development. Its creation put an
end to the circulation of the colonial currency--the escudo--in our
country. At the same time, the creation of the metical signified the
cultural liberation of the Mozambican people, since a currency also
expresses the cultural values of the people who created it and use it. It
was, in short, the highest expression of national independence and the
sovereignty of the People's Republic of Mozambique.

While the colonial coinage bore in its history the virus of oppression,

domination, humiliation, and the pillaging of our riches, the metical
respects and promotes the development of the nation's economy.

13



SOUTH AFRICA

GENCOR GOLD MINES INCREASE TOTAL INCOME
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 Jul 86 p 21

[Article by Madden Cole]

[Text]

THE total net income
of the gold mining |
companies controlled :
by the Gencor group.
increased ‘substantially
in the June quarter in
spite of a lower rand
gold price received by
several of the 12
mines.

Total milling rate in-
creased to 5,3 million tons-
while the average yield
dropped slightly to 5,1 g/t *
(5,2 g/t). Average work-
ing costs per ounce mov-
ed up to 443,50
(421,75) and total capex
showed a substantial rise
to R50,5 million (R30,9)
million). :

WEST RAND CONS
improved its net profit
marginally by some
R33 000 to R1,7 million in
spite of increased working
costs, R44,24 per ton
milled (R42,75), and a
slightly lower yield, 1,9
git (2,0 g/t). Mill through-
put however increased to
520000 tons (510 000
tons).

Affecting the net profit
too was the tax credit of
R119 000 compared with’
a tax bill of R119 000 in

the previous quarter,
| which was partly as a re-
sult of the increased ca-
pex of ‘R780 000
(R510 000). .
The mine has sold for-
: ward a portion of its ex-
: pected gold production to
November 1986.” Prices
range from R24 670 per
kg in July to R28 220 per
.-kg in November. a

*” An - improved * milling
qtate and a sharp drop in
taxation to R10,8 million
(R26,3 million) helped to
push ~BUFFELSFON-
TEIN’s, net profit up to
R65,7 million (R51,5 mil-
lion). . : .

These factors more
, than offset a lower grade ,
| yield and rand gold price
| which fell to R24 505 per

kg from R24 631 per kg.
Capex rose to R10,0 mil-
lion (R7,6 million).

The replacement of
working face at the pre-
viously planned rate con-
tinues to be restricted by
severe faulting ‘in the
Strathmore Shaft area.

. While this situation per-
sists, the production rate
will continue to be adver-
sely affected.

‘, An’ increased’ milling

‘rate ‘and grade ~ yield

96

{ pushed” the BEATRIX
| Divies
' Division’s gold produc-
tion up to 2 904 kg (2 425
kg). This, combined with
a higher rand gold price
| received, R25 310 per kg
| (R23 281), resulted in &
significant increase in the
[net profit, R12,9 million
compared with R5,5. mil-
lion in the previous quar-
ter. 7
BRACKEN’s tower
milling rate and constant
yield resulted in a lower
«production figure: of 764
kg (806 kg) while working
costs were. higher at
“57,56 per ton (52,75).
As a result net profit de-
creased to R2,8 million
‘(R30 million). :
Tax dropped to R3,6
million’ (R5,4_ million).
Capex increased to
R256 000 from R148 000
in the previous quarter.
ST HELENA’s con-
stant mill throughput the
lower yield as a result of
the closure of higher
‘grade areas following the
seismic. event in Feb-
tuary, affected gold pro-
duction which dropped to
2.610 kg (2 842 kg).
“ Although these nega-
itive factors were com-
| pounded by higher work-
“ing costs, the mine still



MOZAMBIQUE

DPCCN REPORT REVEALS HUNGER STILL THREATENS VARIOUS DISTRICTS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Jun 86 p 8

[Text] Nearly a million and a half people are still seriously affected by
hunger in various regions of our country, according to the monthly report
by the Department of Natural Disaster Prevention and Relief, DPCCN, which
has been distributed in Maputo. The document, which covers April and
May, reports that 402,000 of these people are living in Sofala Province,
where the destabilizing effort carried out by the armed bandits--
especially in the northern and central zones of the province--is one of
the causes of the miserable situation in which the residents are living.
Because of these criminal activities, rural residents are moving to the
cities or the district headquarters in search of greater security. There,
they have no means to support themselves. One example is the city of
Beira, the provincial capital, which has 145,000 people that are in need
of assistance. The district of Gorongosa, which until August of last year
was the site of the main base of the armed bandits that was destroyed by
the joint forces of Mozambique and Zimbabwe, reports 70,000 cases and
Caia, another district in the north of the province, 43,000 cases.

The DPCCN report says that the situation in the affected areas is further
aggravated by the weak internal supply network, as well as by the fact
that floods along the Zambeze and other rivers that pass through the
region have made access difficult. These population centers need emer-
gency food aid (cereals and supplements), domestic goods, and other items.

In the Province of Tete, 330,000 people are "seriously affected" and need
consumer goods, seeds, farm implements, medicines, blankets, soap, and
other domestic goods even though there has been a "significant improvement
in the drought situation in most of the affected zones since last year."

The district of Mutarara in the south of Tete Province, which was hit
right after the prolonged drought by floods from the Zambeze river at the
beginning of 1986, is considered the most seriously affected, with 110,000
needy persons. Next in line are the districts of Moatize (70,000), and
Changara, (40,000), and the city of Tete, the provincial capital, with
nearly 56,000 needy people.

Here, it is difficult to monitor the situation due to the massive influx
of thousands of people who were forced to leave neighboring districts,

18



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

ZAPU MEMBER CLEARED--Harare--Mr Sydney Malunga, a member of Zimbabwe's
opposition PF-Zapu Party, was acquitted on Friday of charges of helping
rebels, but he still faces allegations of plotting to topple the government.
The state alleged Mr Malunga, a Parliamentarian, gave money and clothing

to the insurgents active in southern Matabeleland Province in the past

four years. He denied the charges. Delivering judgment, the magistrate,
Mr Paddington Garwe, blamed police for carrying out a "poor investigation."
Sapa-Reuter [Text] [Johannesburg THE-CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 86 p 13]
/9317

AID DEAL WITH CUBA SIGNED--Havana--Cuba will help Zimbabwe in education,
health and agriculture under a new three-year cooperation agreement signed
by the two countries, the State media reported yesterday. The agreement
was signed in Havana on Saturday by Cuba's leading expert on, African
Affairs, Mr Jorge Risquet, and Zimbabwe's Education Minister, Mr Dzingai
Mutumbuka. Although Mr Risquet.does not hold any formal postin the Cuban
Government, he is a member of the ruling Communist Party Politburo. Under
the terms of the agreement, Cuba will train 1 200 Zimbabwean teachers at
special colleges for African students on the Isle of Youth south of Havana.
Cuba will send doctors to work in Zimbabwe and help the country to develop
its pharmaceutical industry. The Communist-ruled country will help
Zimbabwe with cattle breeding, the development ‘of sugar cane sub-products
and the administration of State farms and cooperatives.--Sapa-R [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 86 p 13] 19317.”

CSO: 3400/285

47



SOUTH AFRICA

HIGHER RAND GOLD PRICE BOOSTS RANDFONTEIN PROFITS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jul 86 p 22

{Article by Madden Cole]

[Text]

A HIGHER rand gold
price boosted the pro-
fits of the gold mining
companies controlled
by the Johannesburg
Consolidated _Invest-
ments group for the
quarter ending June,
1986, in spite of in-
creased working costs.

Although Randfontein
Estates’ milling rate
dropped, the higher yield
of 4,4 git (4,0 git) resulted
in an increase in gold pro- °
duction to 7005 kg
(6 456 kg).

The higher rand gold
price of R22 462 per kg
(R21 048) was reflected in
the revenue from gold
which amounted to
R158,5_ million (R133,3
million).

Profit before tax
accordingly rose signifi-
cantly from R60,8 million
to R76,2 million. Net pro-
fit of R76,2' million was
hardly affected by the:
drastically reduced tax

figure of R10 000 (R9,4
million) on account of the
sharp increase in capex to
R61,6 million (R37,0 mil-
lion). *

At the quarterly report
Press conference yester-
day chairman and manag-
ing director Ken Maxwell
announced that Randfon-
tein Estates has disconti-
nued forward selling of its
gold production as it is no
longer considered neces-
sary for the mine.to take
forward cover."
|. Western Areas’ work-
ing costs were described
as unacceptable and man-
agement was looking at
ways of containing the
-Costs for the coming year,
Mr Maxwell said.

The mine had benefited.
from forward gold cover
with the rand price rising.
to: R24895 per kg
(R23 877).

With an increased mil-
ling rate and a constant
gold yield, production in-

92

creased to 4150kg
(4 028 kg) resulting in an
improved revenue of
R104,5 million (R96,1
million).

The substantial _in-
crease in capex, R34,9
million (R16,7 million)
[accounted for the mine’s
i tax credit of R10,9 iillion
compared with a tax bill
‘ of R3,1 million in the pre-

vious quarter. Net profit
as a result was boosted to
R35,7 million from R20,5
million in the previous
quarter.
“Negotiations for the
water control project
“have been completed and
dewatering is now in pro-
gress.

According to Mr Max-
well, mechanised mining
in both mines will expand
considerably in the. next
few years when several
hundred thousand tons a
|month will be mined by
'this.method:



19317

sed. Capable instructors, in keeping with
government policies, were to be recruited
abroad.

Radio operators

The commission expressed surprise at
the cut in staff from 16 to 5 operators. The
minister replied that radio operators served
both the office of the president and the
armed forces ministry. ‘Rest assured", he
Stated, “any lack in operators will be cove-
red by the office of the president.”

Buildings

Saint-Louis, the buildings at the former
RTC and the northern camp were all in rui-
nous condition. If the army did not have the
means to repair them why didn’t it turn
them over to civilians who would take care
of repairs and maintenance, asked the
members of the commission? The minister
replied that the buildings at the Saint-Louis
camp had not all been assigned to the
army and that those that had been abando-
ned were not under the responsibility of his
ministry. Nevertheless, 50% of the officers
still had no quarters and a co-operative
was being formed. This would enable them
to acquire their own living quarters. Their
living allowances would be paid to the co-
Operative to replace the fees required.
Sports battalion

The commission expressed its great
Pleasure at the creation by decree of a
Sports battalion and congratulated the mi-

CSO: 3400/294

30

nister on this initiative. They stated their
conviction that sports in Senegal could not
develop without support from military, se-
Ccondary education and university sports
formations. They suggested that the minis-
ter take advantage of the UASSU cham-
pionship to recruit promising candidates.
They also supported the idea that the
Sports battalion become a training aca-
demy. The minister thanked them for their
Support and noted that the sports battalion
had been created with part of the general
Staff allotments and that this sum remained
insufficient to set up a training academy.
However, the battalion was active in all
Sports, although results varied due to the
means of recruiting used. Members of the
battalion remained with it only temporarily
(2 years). Furthermore, they were soldiers
first and athletes second and thus obliged
to perform the different training duties
along with the rest of the soldiers.

In conclusion, the minister pointed out
that in the world today, the rate at which
technology was evolving and weaponry
being modernised was so fast that it was
difficult and costly for a developing country
to keep up. Nevertheless, he went on, the
Senegalese chief of state was keenly aware
of the problems facing the nation and parti-
cularly its valiant armed forces. Ongoing
measures would be taken with regard to
compensation for military personnel and
optimising their workload.



In turn, the barbaric massacre at Mueda symbolizes one of the most
important landmarks in the age-old resistance of the foreign oppressor by
the Mozambican people. It was on 16 June 1960 that the officials of the
Portuguese colonial regime answered with death the Mozambican patriots who
"dared" to demand independence and liberty.

The Mueda massacre, in which more than 500 Mozambican patriots were
savagely murdered, proved once again that oppressive regimes cannot halt
the irreversible march of the historical process. The People's Republic
of Mozambique is the most eloquent proof of this.

By way of explaining the myopia of oppressor regimes, we transcribe in the
paragraph below the colonial report on the massacre at Mueda. The trans-
cription was taken from the 18 June 1960 issue of NOTICIAS, from an
account entitled "Foreign agitators in Macondes."

“According to information that was received yesterday from the Office of
the Governor-General, we know that during a gambling session that took
place at Mueda, the seat of the jurisdiction of Macondes, on the afternoon
of the 16th of this month, some agitators who had come from Tanganyica
stoned the administration building, trying to disrupt the card games.

When the law enforcement officers arrived, the agitators withdrew, some of
them having been attacked by native Portuguese."

The false account was published as a one-column item on the first page of
the aforementioned issue.

Those allegedly said to have been "agitators" were actually thousands of
Mozambican patriots who, tired of oppression and colonial exploitation,
had approached the colonial authorities to demand an end to humiliation
after several frustrated attempts to hold discussions with the oppressors.

Four days earlier, on 12 June 1960, the patriots Faustino Yanomba,
Kibiriti Diwani, and Modesta Yssuf--representing all the residents of
Mueda--had been granted an audience by the colonial administrator in
Mueda. Not having reached any agreement on the list of demands submitted
by the district population, the administrator told the three envoys to
come back in 4 days, on the 16th, because he had to consult with the
"boss" in Porto Amelia (now called Pemba).

So the event in question was not just an incidental gambling session,

as the report by the Governor-General, in disparaging terms, tried to
insinuate. Actually it was a meeting scheduled by the colonial
authorities themselves to answer the legitimate demands submitted by the
people of Mueda. Except that instead of the administrator going to
consult the "boss," the latter, feeling threatened, came to Mueda in
person, escorted by a heavily-armed platoon from the colonial army. The
"law enforcement officers" were, in fact, the platoon commanded by Tito
Livio Xavier, a lieutenant in the colonial army, who would subsequently be
decorated for his "valuable services to the fatherland."

The 16th of June, which we commemorate today, is truly a date full of
profound historical significance in our past and present struggle against
our perpetual enemy.

12830/13252
CSO: 3442/248 4



SOUTH AFRICA

WINTERVELD RESIDENTS ORGANIZE TO FIGHT REPRESSION

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 3-16 Jul 86 p 7

[Article by Cedric Kekana]

[Text]

t
L.. in limbo has given spirit
to the corrugated community of a
Winterveld.

For years the people of the
Bophathatswana slumland of
Winterveld -- a largely non-
Tswana community — have had no
statis. Their existence was
governed only by need and
repression and their lives were
controlled by the authorities on
oth sides of an unseen border
between the homeland and the rest
of South Africa.

Helen Suzman_ of the
Progressive Federal Party (PFP)
urged the authorities on visiting the
area two years ago to "legalise their
status".

"This area encompasses
many of the problems
of South Africa..."

-- report

Still today their existence
remains uncertain. The severe
harassment which has marked
their lives for years seemed a clear
indication of the authorities attempt
to elbow the community out.
Already many have resettled
themselves in other doubtful areas
like KwaNdebele.

Residents have repeatedly
complained that “independence’
has led to harassment, including

58

the arrest and prosecution ot piot-
owners who fail to produce
"permits" and of those who trade
without licences.

Persecution Bop-style also
meant traders frequently had their
food stalls overturned and their
chickens set alight by the Bop
authorities in the market place,
according to church workers.

Winterveld sprang up some
decades ago when Pretoria's old
black townships of Lady Selborne,
Marabastad and East wood were
removed to pave the way for white
settlement and, in some cases, for
Indian business sites.

Some of the people affected by
the removals settled in Atteridge-
ville, Mamelodi and Ga-Rankuwa,
while others bought plots in
Winterveld. They were joined by
“migrants” from different parts of
the country.

And now more than 60 percent
of the 450 000 people in the
community -- which lies only 37
km north-west of Pretoria -- are
said to be unemployed.

When the Bophuthatswana
bantustan, under the leadership of
Lucas Mangope, was awarded
Pretoria-style "independence",
Winterveld was already ugly and
depressed.

i_,A Striking factor is that the
‘Tswana-speaking people in

Winterveld, for whose “liberation®
the Bop ethnic republic was
‘specifically designed, are few.

lany of various ethnic groups --
including Xhosas, Zulus, Swazis,



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

WEST AFRICAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY RECEIVES INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL AID

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
15 May 86 p 2

[Article: "West African Countries Build Textile Plants; Implementation of
Projects Supported by International Aid"]

[Text] In the region of West and Equatorial Africa, investments for the
construction of new textile plants or the expansion of existing ones have
recently been projected or begun with international aid. This is the case

in Senegal with the Societe de Teinture, Blanchiment, d'Appret et d'Impression
Africaine (Sotiba-Simpafric), Dakar, the largest textile enterprise in the
country. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) of the World Bank

group granted the concern at the end of April 1986 a loan of $2.25 million

to finance modernization and expansion investments.

The new Senegalese four-year plan (1985 to 1989) provides for nine textile
projects with a capital expenditure of 37.6 million CFA francs (100 CFA
francs = about 0.64 DM). The implementation of five projects had already
been commenced in the previous plan period. Worthy of special mention is
the project of the Societe Textile de Kaolack (Sotexta), Kaolack, which
requires an investment of 20 billion CFA francs. Among the four new projects
is the construction of a sack factory by the firm Sisac-Gardella which is to
cost around 8 billion CFA francs.

In Guinea the first step in the completion of the Sanoyah textile complex
near the capital, Conakry, was begun last year. German firms were sub-
stantially involved in the initial installation of equipment whose annual
capacity amounts to 5 million meters of dyed and printed cotton fabrics.
The contract for execution of the project had been awarded to the French
firm Schaeffer Engineering, of Mulhouse, Alsace, and the Belgian UCO
Engineering, of Ghent/Lederburg. The financing had been handled mainly by
the European Development Fund.

In the Ivory Coast bids are being invited by the Societe des Textiles de
Katiola (Katex), Katiola, for the construction of a new textile complex near
the town of Katiola. The investment required for this project is estimated
at around 32 billion CFA francs. The textile complex is to have a potential
annual capacity of 15 million meters of blue denim cloth and 10 million
bluejeans, and to be ready at the beginning of 1988.



SOUTH AFRICA

IMPROVED QUARTERLY PROFITS REPORTED FOR RAND MINES

\
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13) Jul 86 p 22

: |

[Text] i
|

\

HIGHER rand. gold
prices, increased pro-
duction and well-held
costs enable the Rand
Minesgold division ‘to
post a R13-million im-
provement in after-tax
profits in the June 1986
quarter.

All four group produc-
ers, Harmony, Blyvoo-
ruitzicht, Durban Roode-
poort Deep and ERPM,
showed lower grades dur-
ing the quarter, but this
was offset by an almost 5
percent increase in ton-
nage milled, from 3,7-mil-
lion tons to 3,9 million
tons. As a result, their
combined gold produc-
tion rose by 624 kg to
15 105 kg.

‘The average gold price
received by the four
mines was R25 805 a kilo-
gram, R1 750 a kg up on
the March quarter.

The effects of the high-
er gold production and
rand receipts are reflected
in the pre-tax profits,
which rose by nearly 23 .
percent from R90,6-mil- .
lion to R111,2-million. |

|
at

\|

Although capital ex-
penditure was 14,5 per-
cent higher at R67,8-mil-
lion, tax increased by
R7,5-million to R27,8-
million,.

Because if the higher
tonnage average units
costs for the four mines,
tax increased by R7,5 mil-.

lion to R27,8-million.

Because of the higher

tonnage,’ average unit
costs of the four mines re-
mained virtually un-
changed at R81,23 per
ton.
* Harmony mine ac-
counted for more than 70
percent of the group's
bottom-line profits with
gold production rising to
‘7 Wokg (7 184kg).

‘The higher production
and the increase in the
gold price to R26 154
(R23 930) brought a rise
in gold revenue to
R191,2-million (R171,9-
million). Uranium rev-
enue was up from R7,2-
million _(R8,4-million).
Total revenue thus in-
creased by more than
R20-million to just under
R200-million.

90

Total . costs rose to
R142,3-million (R130,9-
million which left a work-
ing profit of R57,3-mil-
lion (R48,2-million- for
the March quarter. After
Tax profit came out at
R61,3-million).

A total of 1026 kg of
the mine’s production has
been sold forward for the
third quarter at R27 147
per kg.

Blyvoor’s June quarter
gold price was Ri 700 at
R25 700 per kg, which
with higher production,
generated a 26 percent in-
crease in gold revenue to
R93, 1-million (R74,1-mil-
lion). :

Tax amounted to
R23,8-million (R14,6-mil-
ion) leaving after tax pro-
fits R4,0-million up at
R18,4-million.

Blyvoor paid R4,3-mil-

‘lion to Driefontein Cons

during the quarter in
terms of the tribute agree-"
ment, '

The mine has sold
547 kg of gold forward for.
the third quarter this year
at R27 029 per kg.



UGANDA

SWEDISH AID AGENCY RECOMMENDS EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 14 Jun 86 p 15
[Article by Peter Bratt]

[Text] SIDA [Swedish International Development Authority] wants to give
Uganda nearly 30 million kronor in immediate aid. Most of that amount is
earmarked for transportation to get the war-devastated country back on its
feet. According to SIDA, this would help the Ugandan Government achieve
national reconciliation.

The situation in Uganda has changed drastically this year. The previous
military regime was overthrown by the liberation movement known as the NRM
[National Resistance Movement] under the leadership of the current president,
Musaweni. His forces captured Kampala in January, and by April the NRM was in
control of the entire country.

"Law and order seem to have been established within a short time following 15
years of conflict and terror," says SIDA in its proposal to the Swedish
Government, which is expected to decide in a couple of weeks to grant the aid.

According to SIDA, the most important step in the short term is to begin the
transportation of foodstuffs from the country's southern and western areas to
the capital, Kampala.

Reconciliation

If the government is to bring about rapid reconciliation among the various
ethnic groups and thereby lay the foundation for lasting and permanent peace,
there must be rapid material improvements. This means that transportation—~
trucks and fuel--must be improved immediately.

SIDA is therefore recommending that 10 million kronor be channeled into the
transportation sector through the SCC [Swedish Cooperative Center], which is
the aid organization of the KF [Consumer's Cooperative Union]. The rest of
the aid will be used mainly to assist refugees and provide clean water and
functioning sewers. The latter assistance will be provided through private
Swedish organizations and the United Nations.

35



managed to improve its
net profit to R18,6 million
(R173 million) mainly as
a result of an increased i
gold price of R24 598 per
kg (23 834) and a much
reduced tax bill of R841
million (R17,3_ million). |
Capex which had an ef-
fect on tax, rose to R11,2
million (R7,1 million).

In spite of a mixed per-
formance,  STILFON-
TEIN’s net profit in-
creased significantly to
R10,3 million (R7,0 mil-
lion). .

The milling rate was up
but the yield fell margi-
nally and working costs
increased. However the
improved gold price of
R24 363 per kg (R23 450)

ward a portion of its ex-

pected gold production to-
November this year.

Prices range _— from

R25 664 per kg in July to

R28 220 per kg in Novem-

ber.

A number of plus fac-
tors, a higher milling rate
and yield resulted in in-
creased’ production of
3 462 kg pushed up WIN-
KELHAAK’s net profit
to R23,2 million (R17,5
million) in spite of a lower
rand -gold price of
R23 714 per kg (R24 294).

Profit was also affected
by a lower tax bill of
R26,7 million (R30,7 mil-
lion) as a result of a dou-
bling in capex to R10,5

price received’ fell to
R23 248 per kg (R25 029).

Plus factors during the
quarter for UNISEL were
the higher milling rate
production and rand gold
price of R24 455 per kg
(R23 640). Costs were up
as was taxation of R24,3
million. Net profit howev-
er increased to R15,8 inil-
lion (R14,6 million).

With a lower milling
rate, production, yield
and gold price of R23 903
per kg: (R24 392) com-
pounded by - increased
working costs, Leslie's
net profit fell to R2,2 mil-
lion (R2,6 million). Tax
accordingly dropped to
R2,1 million (R3,8 mil-

in production, received a
gold price of R23 799
(R24 587). Net profit was
reduced to R17,0 million
(R19,3 million).

“A higher milling rate
but lower yield resulted in
GROOTVLEIs produc-
tion dropping to 1 367 kg
(1482. kg). Combined
with a reduced gold price
of 24027 ‘per kg
(R24 338) resulted in a
net profit of R4,1 million
compared with R6,1 mil-
lion in the last quarter.

CHEMWES increased
the tonnage of pulp
treated, but showed a
drop in oxide produced,
61,3 tons (62,1t) and a

j million (R4,1 million). lion). lower yield of 0,110 kg/t
and a reduced tax bill of Lower workin; sts. - (0,114 k/t).
R3,6 million (R4,2 mil- behead ‘J 1B COS Similar fortunes for the
lion) resulted on in 1 the MM. ARIEV. ALE’s net pro. _June quarter were experi- Capex increased to
mine's rofitable june ivi
mins Meera) kann, RICHER
‘The mine has sold for- although the mine’s mill lower milling rate and fall ion (R2,7 million).
ing rate dropped and gold
—
Profit EPS
: Net After = _ After
Vield Costs Costs Rev | Rev _ Profit Capex
Gt fon ~— $/oz Sloz_~. RIKg 00's AO000's Cents
81 12,0 195° 346 24505 34169 24168 219,7
Buffets March 708 86 117,67 494 348. 24631 «20763 «22496 =—204,5
June 426° . 53 104,30 273 «273 «24363 «10301-8325 «(63,7
Stilfontein March 417 54 100,25 267 267. 23450 7028 = 108 39,1
. June 520 49 24 333-351... 24138-1733 953.224
WR Cons March 510 20 42,75 319 345 «23520 «1700 «| 1190 28,0
dune 445 31 60,56 278 344 «027. 4419 «2987 26,1
Grootviel March 440 34° 59,15 245 340° 24398 «6144 3.964 way
June 88 29 08 206 343 23248 748 873127
Martevale March 68 29 © 66,90 318. 340.: 25029 ~~ 457 383 a5
225 34 | 57,58 243 347 23486 «= 28282572 18,4
Bracken 237 34° 62,75 207 338.2494 «= 3.080 2992 20,9
. 525. 61 67,74 6 345. 23914 3080 «2932 (20,9
Kinross 535 62 61,28 136 337. 24587 19360 15331 85,2
350 24 48,51 279 ' 346° 23903» 2257 «2142134
Lestte 348 26 © 46,72 245 «337. -24302. 26322509 15,7.
Bit 67. 78,95 188 342, 25310, 12908 6 906 =
Beatrix 448—=«“«‘* A 79,82 212 335... 23281 55114364 -
580 48 °71,49 219. 341 24598 «18668 «751678,
St Helena 580 «49 «64,84, :187 937" 23834 17399 10288 = 106,9
348 69 87,97 118 34 "'24455 "1582812614. 45,1
Unise! 335 7A 66,55 412-337; 23640-14644 «12377 44,2
602 58... 59,38 448-348. .23714 © 23.242 12673 - 1040
Winkelhsak 587 56 57,14 140° 339." 24208 17584 «13405 1100

/9317
CSO: 3400/287

97 .



/9317

On the rehabilitation of the existing
water and spwerage system Mr. Onek said
that the corporation was still executing
the first phase of the World Bank
rehabilitation project of the national
water system.

The programme will invole laying anew
pumping main from Gaba to Muyenge, a
trunk main from Muyenga to Naguru,
along Jinja Road to Nakasero and on-
wards and updating the existing booster
stations around Kampala.

The project was scheduled to end by Ju-
ly 1987 with the Ist phase, but due to the
intervation of wars it has been set back
the project by 5 months. The phase is
therefoe likely to be completed by the end
of that year.

The Managing Director, was
pessimistic that even after the completion
of the Ist phase, the supply of water
would not meet the present higher de-
mand. He envisaged the oatput to in
crease by about 30—40 percent.

CsO: 3400/303

38