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25 November 198 5

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Sub-Saharan Africa Report

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JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Details Given of Massive Sub-Saharan African Weapons Build-Up

(ARMED FORCES, Oct 85)

Reports on Sahel Railroad Project, Bagre Dam Talks

(AFP, 24 Oct 85)

German Involvement in Irrigation,Water Projects Reported •

(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 29 Aug 85) 8

German Role in Harbor, Shipping Projects Reported

(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WORTSCHAFT, 10 Oct 85) 12

BURKINA

Briefs

GABON

GHANA

EIB Loan for Gold Mine 15

Briefs

Airline to Cotonou 16

U.S. Blasted for Lack of Support for Liberation Struggles

(John Yao Kumado; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 24 Oct 85) 17

Lebanon's Jumayyil Praises Country's Participation in UNIFIL

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 23 Oct 85) 18

Quota Set for Customs Workers' Collection

(Abigail Bonsu; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 22 Oct 85) 19

Romanian Ties Viewed

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 23, 25 Oct 85) 20

Long-Term Assistance Welcomed, by Mavis Quaicoe 20

Barter Trade Expanded, by Joe Bradford Nyinuh 21

- a -
PNDC Member Obeng Announces Rural Development Acceleration

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 21 Oct 85) 22

Central Projects Monitoring Unit Established

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 21 Oct 85) 23

Gill and Duffus Praises Cocoa Industry Measures

(Kojo Sam; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 24 Oct 85) 24

Pineapple Export Figures, Norwegian Aid

(Emelia Otoo; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 24 Oct 85) 25

Cuban Sugar Factory Pact Signed

(GHANAIAN TIMES, 21 Oct 85) 26

Block-Making Machines Arrive From GDR

(Joe Bradford Nyinah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 19 Oct 85) 27

LESOTHO

Briefs

Students Fear BNP Youth 28

MADAGASCAR

Briefs

Ratsiraka Suggests SDI 29

Rice Supply Situation Worsening 29

EEC Grant 29

MALAWI

Analysis Provided of National Energy Policy

(Grover Mzumara; DAILY TIMES, 8 Oct 85) 30

MOZAMBIQUE

Briefs

Army Claims New Successes 31

NIGERIA .

Former Legislator Criticizes Babangida's Policies

(Junaid Mohammed; NEW NIGERIAN, 15 Oct 85) 32

Government Cautioned on Retiring Top Military Officers

(SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 13 Oct 85) 34

Prisoners in Kaduna Cry Human Rights Violations

(SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 13 Oct 85) 35

- b -
Changes at Import Office Reported

(DAILY TIMES, various dates) 36

Shake Up at Import License Office 36

Import Licenses Cancelled 36

Import License Applicants Barred 37

TIMES Calls for National Census

(Editorial; DAILY TIMES, 11 Oct 85) 38

Urban Crisis Blamed on Lack of Demographic Data

(DAILY TIMES, 17 Oct 85) 40

Government Urged To Establish National Mapping Commission

(Daniel Tifato; NEW NIGERIAN, 8 Oct 85) 41

Measures for Advancing Technological Development

(Akinyemi Taiwo; NEW NIGERIAN, 8 Oct 85) 42

Fuel Tanker Drivers Strike in Enugu

(Festus Obi; DAILY STAR, 11 Oct 85) 45

Prospects for Locally Produced Aircraft

(DAILY TIMES, 9 Oct 85) 46

Coal Corporation Director on Coal Reserves

(NEW NIGERIAN, 11 Oct 85) ' 47

SOUTH AFRICA

Comments on Possible U.S. Aid To UNITA

(Johannesburg International Service, 5 Nov 85) 48

U.S. Aid to UNITA, Cuban Troop Presence Viewed

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 6 Nov 85) 49

NUM Says Anglo American Assurances 'Untrue'

(SAPA, 4 Nov 85) 51

Principals Criticize Student Movement on Attacks

(SAPA, 4 Nov 85) 53

"Police Confirm Arrest of Cape Civic Groups Leader

(SAPA, 4 Nov 85) 54

THE STAR Defends Itself Against ITN Attack

(THE STAR, 2 Nov 85) 55

Race Institute Reports on National Political Violence

(SAPA, 4 Nov 85) 57

- c -
Port Elizabeth Businessmen Say Real Reform Must Be Launched

(WEEKEND POST, 19 Oct 85) 59

New Base Opened for 115 Battalion in Kwandebele

(PARATUS, Oct 85) 62

32 Battalion First Unit To Receive Color in Operational Area

(PARATUS, Oct 85) 64

101 Battalion Commemorates Those Who Died in Action

(ARMED FORCES, Oct 85) 66

Franz Josef Strauss on Apartheid, One Man-One Vote

(Franz Josef Strauss; HANDELSBLATT, 25 Sep 85) 67

Only Surviving Elected UDF Official in Eastern Cape Speaks

. (Stone Sizane Interview; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 25-31 Oct 85) 71

New Group To Promote Nation's Image Abroad

(THE CITIZEN, 30 Oct 85) 73

PR Expert Hits at Government's Public Relations

(THE CITIZEN, 30 Oct 85) 74

Natal English Speakers Turning More to National Party

(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 2 Nov 85) 75

Cape Muslims Take New Hard Line With Law Enforcers

(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 31 Oct 85) 76

Journalist Reports From Mavinga on MPLA Offensive

(Barry O'Brien; SUNDAY TIMES, 13 Oct 85) 78

Executions Bring 1985 Total to 102.

(THE CITIZEN, 1 Nov 85) 80

Thabong Township Deplores Rising Crime Rate

(THE CITIZEN, 30 Oct 85) 81

Crime Prevention Drive in Johannesburg Underway

(Janine Stein; THE CITIZEN, 2 Nov 85) 82

RSA Faced With Dilemma of 'Stagflation'

(THE CITIZEN, 28 Oct 85) 83

Long-Term Growth Advocated

(David Rees; BUSINESS DAY, 25 Oct 85) 84

Millions Lost Due to Forex Loophole

(Alan Sendzul; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Oct 85) 86
Super Labor Federation To Be Launched

(THE STAR, 24 Oct 85) 87

Political Squabbling Could Prevent Sugar Agreement

(Alan Peat; BUSINESS DAY, 25 Oct 85) 88

RSA Fruit Imports Embarrass Irish

(Linda Ensor; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Oct 85) 89

Development of Mossel Bay Gas Planned

(Tony Stirling; THE'CITIZEN, 28 Oct 85) '.. 90

Increase in Coal Exports Forecast

(THE CITIZEN, 28 Oct 85) 91

Briefs

Disabling Gas Charges Denied 92

Oppenheimer Criticizes Government 92

Anglo American Denies NUM Allegations 92

Detentions in Cape 93

Top Cinemas Open to All Races 93

Kwa-Ndebele Receives Aid 93

Engineers Needed 94

Three Coal Firms 94

SWAZILAND

Briefs

Lutherans To Provide Aid " 95

New Drive on Sex Health 95

SA High Interest Loans Criticized 95

- e -
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

DETAILS GIVEN OF MASSIVE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN WEAPONS BUILD-UP

Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English Oct 85 pp 5-8

[Text] Looking at the maps showing the disposition of the air defence

missile and radar shield that was supplied by the Soviets to the Egyptians

shortly before the Israeli/Arab War of 1973, and the disposition of the

Soviet Equipment that has now been supplied and installed in both Angola

and Mozambique, there is a remarkable similarity.

The Egyptians had installed SA-2, SA-3 and SA-6 Missiles supported by

radar acquisition and fire control systems, as has now been done in both

Angola and Mozambique.

The effectiveness of this missile shield caused serious losses to the

Israeli Air Force and resulted in a virtual suspension of air support for

the ground forces. In the first three days of the war, of the 50 plus

aircraft lost, 45 were lost as a result of ground fire. At this time the

IAF had 350 first line-fighter aircraft on strength and could not afford

this high rate of attrition of pilots and aircraft.

To find and knock out the SA-6 missile sites, the IAF had to enter into

the range of the SA-2 missiles and protective anti-aircraft screen. The

high losses in aircraft forced the IDF to adopt the tactics of having

to use ground forces to knock out the missile sites before the IAF could

fulfil its role of ground support. Another effect of the missile shield

was to nullify the superiority of the IAF pilots who were unable to enter

the air-space protected by the missiles to engage the Egyptian aircraft.

Viewing the developing scenario in Angola and Mozambique, as is shown by

the tables of equipment shown here and the limited capability of the South

African Air Force, that is equipped with aircraft of the same vintage

of the IAF in 1973, it is surprising that more comment has not been

published on this threat.

While the majority of the present installations are of a mobile nature

that can easily be moved about in Angola, there is another aspect that

should not be overlooked. As the Shield is located at present it would

provide an umbrella for the movement by air of forces from outside,

another Cuban or Soviet sponsored build-up, or the movement of forces by

air inside the country.
Radars

Type

Angola

Mozambique

Total

P-37

Barlock

7

5

12

R-15

Flatface

16

5

21

P-12

Spoonrest

16

a

24

PRV-11

Side Net

25

7

3?

Aircraft

Type MIG-23 MIG-21 MIG-17 SU-22 MI-25 MI-17 MI-8 AN-26 AN-23 PC-7

Angola 23

Mozambique

70

54 34

10 25

15

11 52

13

30

14

12

7

11

Total. - 23 124 34 10 40 11 65 44 19 11

PC-7

Map showing anti-aircraft installations in Angola.

^LUANDA Lsgand /

2 SA-2 © 57 mmx

3 SA-3 • 37 mm

6 SA-6

a 23 ram

14,5 mm

8 SA-8 & ZSU 23/4

9 SA-9

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Radar Systems

Barlock

This is a large ground control interception radar that is trailer-mounted.

Barlock has a range of 300 kms with a target acquisition accuracy of 90

meters.

Flat Face

This target acquisition radar is used in conjunction with the Low Blow

Missile system and has a range capability of 250 kms. It was deployed

in both Egypt and Vietnam.and was used with the GOA missiles.

Target Acquisition Systems

Fan-song

This is a combined target acquisition and guidance system used in conjunction with the Guideline SA-2 missile systems.

Low Blow

These 1 Band radar systems are used in support of the GOA SA-3 missiles.

Straight Flush

This system is used with the Gainful missiles and was used in the 1973

Arab-Israeli war.

Spoonrest

This is an early warning system with a range of 275 kms. Transported by

two vehicles it is used in conjunction with the Fan-Song systems and the

Guideline missiles.

Side Net

This is a height finding system often used in support of the Back Net

system and is reported to have an effective range of 180 kms with a

height of 32,000 meters.

The Missile Systems That Are in Use

Guideline—SA 2

This Surface-to-Air Missile has a weight of 2,300 kg and a range in excess

of 40 kms. The Guideline has a radio command system and some versions are

fitted with a semi-active radar homing system. The missile is fitted with

a 130 kg warhead and proximity, contact, and command fuses.
Goa-SA 3

It is a Surface-to-Air Missile with a range of 30 kms. The missile is

guided by radar and has a length of 6,7 meters. Two of these missiles

are carried by a six wheeled vehicle and is used in conjunction with

Low Blow X-Band fire control radar.

Gainful-SA 6

The SA-6 achieved considerable success against the Israeli Air Force in

the 1973 war. The missile was used by both the Egyptian and Syrian

forces. With a range of 35 km the missile is fitted with an infra-Red

fuse and is usually deployed on tracked vehicles, each fitted with 3

missiles and supported by another vehicle carrying command guidance

control equipment and radar.

Grail SA 7

The Grail is one of the man-portable systems with a range of 3,7 kms,

however the missile can be mounted on vehicles in batches of up to eight.

Gecko SA 8

This weapon has a range of 12 km and is thought to be fitted with both

semi-active and infra-red homing devices. The missile is 3,2 meters in

length and weighs 190 kgs. There are different versions of the system

which can carry up to 6 missiles for firing.

Gaskin SA 9

This is essentially a short range low level weapon usually mounted on a

vehicle such as the BRDM-2. The Gaskin has a range of 8 kms and a ceiling

of 4,000 meters.

Gopher SA 13

Considered to be a replacement for the Gaskin and can be used against low

flying aircraft, and a height of as little as 50m has been quoted; its

maximum is thought to be 10,000 meters.

57 mm S-60

This is a towed or self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon having either one

or two barrels, with a rate of fire in excess of 100 rounds per minute;

the gun has a maximum range of 8,000 m (v) and 12,000 m (H). The system

can be radar directed and fires a shell weighing 2,8 kgs.

ZSU-23-4

This is a 23 mm weapon with up to four barrels with a 0,19 kg projectile,

the gun has a rate of fire of 800/1000 rounds per minute per barrel.
Artillery

Type

Angola

Mozambique

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Total

MRL

BM-21

78

36

114

130 mm

M-54

78

78

122 mm

D-30

156

150

306

76 mm

25-3

234

200

434

25 pd

Surface to Air Missiles

Type SA-2 SA-5 SA-6 SA-7 SA-8 SA-9 SA-4 Rapier

Angola 12 33 10 700 8 20 4

Mozambique 15 700 10

Zambia •> 9

12

Zimbabwe ?

Total 12 48 16 1 400? 18 20 4 12

Tanks

Type

Angola

Mozambique

Zambia

T-62 T-54/55

263

174

T-34

153

250

Type 59 Type

Zimbabwe 10 8 24 10

Total 447 411 24 10

49

50

99

Anti-Aircraft Artillery

Type

Angla

Mozambique

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Total

57 mm

S-60

360

6

55

421

37 mm

M-1939

?

32

40

?

72?

23 mm

ZU-23

368

28

50

?

446?

20 mm

M-55

14,5 mm

ZGU-1

680

24

704
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• 57 min

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3

Map showing the location of

missiles and anti-aircraft installations in Mozambique.

/9317

CSO: 3400/259
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

REPORTS ON SAHEL RAILROAD PROJECT, BAGRE DAM TALKS

AB241546 Paris AFP in French 0913 GMT 24 Oct 85 '

[Text] Ouagadougou, 24 Oct (AFP) — A conference of the financial

bodies providing funds for the Sahel railroad project has been going

on in Ouagadougou since Tuesday under the chairmanship of the Burkinabe

minister of financial resources, Justin Damo Barro.

The conference is being attended by representatives of many international

and regional financial institutions, notably the International Bank for

Development (IDB), the African Development Bank (ADB), and the Fund of

the West African Economic Community (CEAO).

After stressing the importance his country attaches to the realization

of the Sahel railroad project, Mr Damo Barro stated that the conference

of the financial bodies participating in the project is "a very important

event for the peoples of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso." Mr Barro also

said that his country has "confirmed its strong determination to build

the railroad by launching the battle of the rail." [reference to the

ongoing laying of rails with the participation of the public] He

specificed that the cost of the work already done in this connection by

the Burkinabe people amounts to 5.5 billion CFA francs (for a distance

of 33 km).

The Sahel railroad is to link Ouagadougou to Dori and Tambao (50 km) and

will later serve Niamey, in Niger and in Gao, in Mali.

On the other hand, the fourth conference of the financial bodies

providing funds for the Bagre hydro-agricultural dam (175 km southeast

of Ouagadougou) ended early this week in Ouagadougou. In his closing

address, the Burkinabe minister of financial resources said that his

government attaches particular importance to the realization of this dam

which forms part of Burkina's priorities for the at'tainment of selfsufficiency in food.

With a capacity of 1.7 billion cubic meters, the Bagre hydro-agricultural

dam could, when realized, make possible the settlement of 28,000 farmers

with their families. The Burkinabe Government considers it a good

possibility of reducing unemployment and providing permanent jobs for

farmers during the dry season which lasts at least 9 months.

/12640

CS0: 3400/364
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

GERMAN INVOLVEMENT IN IRRIGATION,WATER PROJECTS REPORTED

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT 29 Au* 85

P 2

[Article by W. An.: "German Engineers Advise Africa on Water Supply" /

Twenty German Firms Involved / International Organizations and FRG Help

with Financing]

[Text] As in West Africa (see issue of 12 August), German engineering

consulting firms are also participating in water supply projects in other

parts of Africa, often financed with the help of international organizations (World Bank group, European Development Fund). The FRG has also

granted considerable capital assistance for the sector of water supply and

regulation , from which the German engineering consulting firms also

benefit. Among about twenty German firms engaged in this work is the H.P.

Gauff Ingenieure GmbH & Co., Nuernberg/Frankfurt.

Recently, this firm has become active in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and

Zambia. In spring of 1985, Gauff Ingenieure was awarded a contract by the

Ministry of Local Government in Kenya to prepare a feasibility study and

preliminary design for the first phase of water supply and sewage in the

city of Kisumu (150,000 inhabitants). In summer of 1985, the enterprise

assumed also the management of an emergency program to improve the water

supply in Kisumu. This project is being financed by the FRG through the

Reconstruction Loan Corporation (KfW), Frankfurt.

Another project in Kenya involving Gauff Ingenieure concerns rural water

supply in the region of Kigumo, some 100 km north of Nairobi. This project

is to ensure water supply for about 200,000 inhabitants. After preparing a

feasibility study and detailed planning, in 1984 Gauff Ingenieure received

the contract for readying the specifications, and supervision of the

construction work, to be concluded by the end of 1985. This project,

costing about DM 24 million, is financed by the World Bank and through the

Kenyan Development Budget.

In Uganda in January 1985, Gauff Ingenieure was put in charge of preparing

specifications and supervising selected construction work within the

framework of a project concerning repair and expansion of the water supply

and sewage system of the cities of Kampala, Entebbe and Jinja. Previously,

the firm had already prepared feasibility studies and master plans, and
had then drawn up the preliminary draft and construction planning. Costs

for this Ugandan project, financed by the World Bank, are listed as DM 50

million.

In Tanzania, the enterprise is working as a syndicate partner on a water

supply project for the city of Arusha, for which the FRG granted subsidies

in the amount of DM 21 million. In September 1985, a water supply project

for Chipata, capital of the southern province of Zambia, is to be

inaugurated. After examining an existing feasibility study and complete

construction planning, Gauff Ingenieure assumed supervision of the

construction work, to be concluded in mid-1985. It consisted primarily of

a retaining dam on the Lutembe River (660 meters long, 26 meters high)

with a water storage capacity of 9.7 million cubic meters and a pumping

station for high and low pressure. The firm of Joseph Riepl Bau AG,

Munich, won the contract for the construction work. The entire project

required investments of DM 44 million and is financed through an FRG loan.

The area of activity of the German Water Engineering GmbH (GWE), Lingen/

Ems, includes Ethiopia, the Sudan, Egypt, Tanzania and Mali. In Ethiopia,

GWE is working on a project of potable water supply for Arba Minch which

is financed by the Reconstruction Loan Corporation. Recently, the Water

Supply and Sewerage Authority, Addis Ababa, invited tenders by German

firms for this project for the delivery of pipelines and electromechanical equipment for pumping stations and company buildings.

In the Sudan, GWE does consulting work on rural water supply for refugee

areas in the eastern part of the country. Project executor is the domestic

National Water Corporation. In Egypt, GWE won a subcontract for supplying

water to a chicken farm. In Tanzania, GWE is part of a project for the

potable water supply of the town of Mtwara. In Mali, the enterprise is

doing consulting work for additional measures for the potable water supply

of the city of Kita.

Weidleplan Consulting GmbH, Stuttgart, obtained contracts in Somalia,

Libya and Mali. In Somalia, the firm participates in an irrigation project

for refugees and also does consulting work for rain water drainage in the

capital, Mogadishu. In Libya, Weidleplan does consulting work for the

regional water supply and sewage, and in Mali, for rural water supply.

GKW Consult Beratende Ingenieure fuer Wasser-Abwasser-Abfalltechnik GmbH,

Mannheim, which is part of Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft,

Mannheim, won contracts in Somalia, the Sudan and Lesotho. In Somalia they

are engaged in a water supply project for the towns of Ceerigaabo, Qardho,

Garowe, Galkacyo and Dhusa Mareeb in the north and center of the country.

The FRG granted a subsidy of DM 25 million for this project. In the Sudan,

GKW Consult was included in a rural water supply project consisting of 45

individual water supply installations, about 15 of them for the central

region, and 30 for the northern region. German financing in the amount of

DM 10.6 million was granted for this project, to be concluded by December

1986. In Lesotho, GKW Consult participates in the water supply project for

Qacha's Nek.
Beller Consult GmbH, Freiburg/Breisgau, won contracts in Tunisia and

Egypt. In Tunisia, the firm is doing consulting work concerning water

supply for dispersed rural settlements in central and northern Tunisia;

German capital assistance has been requested for this project. In Egypt,

Beller Consult is active as a syndicate partner in developing water and

soil resources in New Valley. It also obtained a subcontract within the

framework of construction management for sewage removal in Heluan.

Dorsch Consult Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Munich, is engaged in Egypt,

Botswana and Swaziland. In Egypt, it was awarded construction management

of sewage removal in Heluan. In Botswana, the firm prepared a study on

river crossings. As a syndicate member, in Swaziland it was included in

operational consultations on hydro-power installations. .

Gitec Consult GmbH, Duesseldorf, won contracts in Egypt, Malawi and

Uganda. This firm, also, was included in the sewage removal project in

Heluan. In Malawi, the enterprise does consulting work on flood protection

measures for Karonga, and is in charge of construction supervision of

sewage removal in the town of Blantyre. In Uganda, it assumed the

consultancy for building workshops for waterworks.

Lahmeyer International GmbH, Frankfurt, obtained contracts in Somalia,

Lesotho and Algeria. In Somalia, it concerns preparation of a study on

building a distribution reservoir on the Juba River. In Lesotho, Lahmeyer

International is a syndicate partner in the consulting work for the

Lesotho Highlands water project. In Algeria, the firm was given the

consultancy for building the Koudiat Affren reservoir.

AHT Agrar- und Hydrotechnik GmbH, Essen, is active in Madagascar, Tanzania, Somalia and Tunisia. In Madagascar, it carries out construction

supervision of the Betsiboka project and provides consulting for building

small hydraulic installations. In Tanzania, AHT was included in the Pawaga

irrigation project, and in Somalia it was put in charge of consulting work

for the second phase of the Bou Heurtma irrigation project.

Saarberg-Interplan-Gesellschaft fuer Rohstoff-, Energie- und Ingenieurtechnik mbH, Saarbruecken, won contracts in Somalia and Tanzania. The

contract in Somalia concerns rural water supply for 38 settlements. In

Tanzania, Saarberg-Interplan is the consultant for the Shinyanga water

supply project and for the water supply and sewage removal of the new

capital, Dodoma.

Hydroplan-Ingenieur-Gesellschaft, Herdekke/Ruhr, was given the consulting

work in Zambia for the water supply of the capital, Lusaka, and in Somalia

it is preparing a study on water supply. Dr Ing Walter GmbH & Co. KG

International (DIWI), Essen, provides technical assistance to the water

authority in Uganda. Wakuti Karl Erich Gall KG, Siegen, participates in an

irrigation project in Libya and also assumed preparation of a hydrological

study of Tauorgha Sabkha. The firm of WPW Beratende Ingenieure, Saarbruecken, is active in Morocco with consulting work for the water supply

10
of Al Hoceima and Tiznit. Salzgitter Consult GmbH, Salzgitter, won a

contract in Ethiopia for implementation planning for the Amarti retaining

dam. This project is financed by European Community funds.

9917

CSO: 3420/7

11
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

GERMAN ROLE IN HARBOR, SHIPPING PROJECTS REPORTED

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WORTSCHAFT in German 10

Oct 85 p 2

[Article by W.An.: "Harbor and Shipping Projects in Africa with German

Engineering Consulting Firms" / Financial Aid by Federal Government for

Several Projects]

[Text] German engineering consulting firms are involved in the expansion

and operation of harbors, and in projects of utilization of inland

waterways (see the survey in the 4 January 1984 issue). The federal

government makes a considerable contribution to the development of this

traffic sector through grants of loans and subsidies.

Among the German engineering consulting firms involved in several African

countries is the Shiptraco Ship and Transport Consultants GmbH, Schenefeld. It was given consulting tasks in the People's Republic of the Congo,

Mali, Somalia, Chad and the Central African Republic. In the People's

Republic of the Congo, it was entrusted with providing consultations for

the Agence Transcongolaise des Communications (ATC) which operates

shipping on the Congo river and its tributaries Ubangi and Sangha. ATC has

received significant German development assistance for the expansion of

its river fleet.

In Mali, Shiptraco obtained a consulting contract regarding shipping and

shipbuilding for the Compagnie Malienne de Navigation (CMN), Koulikoro,

which is responsible for shipping on the Niger between Koulikoro and Gao.

In 1984, the FRG granted subsidies in the amount of DM 4 million for Niger

shipping, and added DM 0.5 million to its assistance for a second

passenger ferry. In Somalia, ShiptraCo won a management consulting

contract from the shipping company SSA+L. In the Republic of Chad,

Shiptraco obtained the order for preparing a study of ferries, pontoons

and slipways. In the Central African Republic, it also provides consulting

services to the shipbuilding company of the Agence Centrafricaine des

Communications Fluviales (ACCF).

Uniconsult United Transport Consulting GmbH, Hamburg, obtained consulting

contracts in the Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Kenya, Liberia and Togo. In the

Ivory Coast, it concerned preparation of a study on mass transport of

goods. In Cameroon, Uniconsult took on preparation of studies on oil

12
transport, establishing a custom-free zone UDEAC/Chad, and training in the

maritime sector. It was also won consulting contracts for stevedorage and

container turnaround in Cameroon.

In Kenya and Liberia, Uniconsult received one contract each for preparing

a study on shipbuilding. In Togo, uniconsult was entrusted with consulting

tasks for the operation of Lome harbor; the FRG had granted extensive

capital assistance for building and expanding that harbor.

Another engineering consulting firm to be mentioned is Rhein-Ruhr

Ingenieur-Gesellschaft mbH (RRI), Dortmund, whose new field of activity

includes Egypt, Ghana, the Cape Verde islands and Tunisia. In Egypt.it was

included in harbor planning as a syndicate member. In Ghana, as part of a

study group, it received a survey contract for Buipe harbor. In the Cape

Verde islands, RRI assumed consulting tasks for Fogo harbor, and in

Tunisia it took on construction supervision for Tabarka harbor in the

northern part of the country. In 1984, the FRG agreed to "provide capital

assistance of DM 14 million for expansion of the Tabarka fishing harbor.

The Ingenieurbuero fuer die Schiffstechnik Ingo Schlueter GmbH & Co.,

Hamburg, is involved in Egypt, the Cape Verde Islands, the People's

Republic of the Congo, and in the Sudan. In Egypt, Schlueter is in charge

of designing fast police boats. In the Cape Verde islands, Schlueter was

included in procuring a combined freight and passenger ship, for which the

federal government granted a subsidy of DM 12 million in 1984. In the

People's Republic of the Congo, Schlueter won consulting contracts for

delivery and assembly of 16 river boats of various types. There, it also

assumed preparation of specifications concerning delivery, in the spring

of 1985, of one training ship (push boat) and 10 multi-purpose barges (300

tons each) by German firms. In November 1984, the federal government

granted a loan of DM 4.6 million for this project. In addition, the

Reconstruction Loan Corporation (KfW), Frankfurt, made available a DM 5

million financial credit covered by Hermes. In the Sudan, Schlueter was

included in a project dealing with the building of new ships and repair

work.

The enterprise Prof Dr Lackner & Partner Beratende Ingenieure GmbH & Co.

KG, Bremen-Vegesack-, obtained new contracts from Guinea, Malawi and Togo.

In Guinea, Lackner assumed construction supervision, and won a contract

for taking delivery of ships and workshop installations. ALso in Guinea,

the firm was entrusted with preparation of a transport study for Conakry

and a study on closing harbor basins. The-FRG granted a subsidy of DM 16

million for the Conakry harbor in 1984. In Malawi, Lackner is to prepare a

study on construction of a shipyard at Monkey Bay on Lake Malawi. In Togo,

where Lackner has been active for some time, consulting contracts for

dredging work were added concerning a transshipping installation for

phosphate, and the Lome harbor entry. The enterprise was also included in

coastal protection.

HPC Hamburg Port Consulting GmbH, Hamburg, a subsidiary of Hamburg Hafenund Lagerhaus AG, together with Gitec Consult GmbH, Duesseldorf, obtained

13
contracts in East Africa for preparing a transport study concerning

optimal use of the transportation line between the port of Dar es Salam in

Tanzania to Blantyre in the south of Malawi. The transportation systems

highway, railroad (Tazara railroad) and inland waterways (Lake Malawi) are

being studied. The World Bank and the Malawi government awarded the

contract. HPC is also active in Guinea and Nigeria. In Guinea, its major

task is container transshipping in Conakry harbor, consulting on warehousing and workshop installation, and repair of equipment used in

transshipping. In Nigeria, HPC has been included as a syndicate partner in

consultation on the harbors of Warri, Calabar and Tin Can Island near

Lagos.

Hydroplan-Ingenieur-Gesellschaft mbH, Herdecke/Ruhr, obtained a contract

in Algeria, as member of a working group, for consulting work concerning

expansion of repair shops in the Mers El Kebir harbor. As a syndicate

partner, it had previously received a consultant contract regarding a ship

lifting installation. The firm of Prof Dr Ing Hanns Simons and Partner

GmbH, Braunschweig, was included in Guinea in the project of a breakwater

for Conakry. Dr Ing Walter GmbH & Co. KG International (DIWI), Essen,

received a subcontract in the Comoro Islands for consulting on ships'

wharves.

Deutsche Eisenbahn Consulting GmbH (DEC), Frankfurt, a joint enterprise of

Deutsche Bundesbahn and Deutsche Bank AG, Frankfurt, was included in a

project in Madgascar concerning the purchase of seven harbor tugs. In

Senegal, Agiplan Aktiengesellschaft fuer Industrieplanung, Muelheim/Ruhr,

assumed construction management of a maritime unloading installation. GOPA

Gesellschaft fuer Organisation, Planung und Ausbildung mbH, Bad Homburg

v.d.H., was given the shipyard management in the inland harbors of

Kisangani, Mbandaka, Kinshasa and Bandundu in Zaire.

Gitec Consult GmbH, mentioned earlier, won a contract in the Central

African Republic for preparing a consulting study on ferry service. In the

Republic of Maldives, Salzgitter Consult GmbH, Salzgitter, assumed

technical and Industrial consulting tasks for expanding the harbor of the

capital, Male, as well as enlarging its electric power supply. GOPA was

put in charge there of supervising the assemblage of fishing boats.

9917

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14
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

BURKINA

BRIEFS

EIB LOAN FOR GOLD MINE—Brussels, 30 Oct (AFP)—The European Investment

Bank has granted a conditional loan worth 7 million crowns (2.4 billion

CFA) to Burkina Faso for the development of the Poura gold mine (180

km southwest of Ouagadougou), it was announced by the EIB in a

communique. This financial assistance was granted for a period of 20

years at a rate of 2 percent on the venture capital managed by the EIB

within the framework of tthe Lome Convention. It will enable the state

to refund an advance by shareholders to the Burkina Mineral Research

and Exploitation Company (SOREMIB) which exploits the mine. The SOREMIB

is a joint stock company controlled by the state, with 60 percent of its

shares, the Islamic Development Bank, and the COFRAMINES, the French

mining company which is in charge of the technical management of the

installations. The Poura mine, which stopped operations in 1966, was

reopened in 1984...It is expected to permit the processing of 1.7

million tons of mineral ore in 10 years and to extract more than 17 tons

of gold. The new investments are valued at over 6.5 billion CFA. [Text]

[Paris AFP in French 1452 GMT 30 Oct 85]

/12640

CSO: 3400/364

15
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

GABON

BRIEFS

AIRLINE TO COTONOU—Libreville, 5 Nov (AGP/PANA)—The national airline

company, Air Gabon, began flights on Monday to Cotonou, the 11th African

capital on its flight network, and its 17th international stopover. An

official ceremony was organized to mark the occasion at the Cadjehoun

International Airport in the Beninese capital. It was attended by a

large Gabonese delegation including several members of government and

of the Political Bureau of the Gabonese Democratic Party which was led

by Michel Essonghe, personal minister counselor 0f President Bongo and

minister of civil and commercial aviation who took the inaugural flight

on Monday. The airline agreement between Gabon and Benin was signed

in Libreville last September during the visit of Girigisso Gado, Beninese

minister of equipment and transportation. This agreement gives Air Gabon

and Air Afrique the possibility of ensuring weekly flights between the

capital of both countries. This agreement, which is more than a

commercial agreement, constitutes a revival of cooperation between

Gabon and Benin following the long freeze in relations between the two

countries which began in 1978. [Excerpts] [Dakar PANA in English 1427

GMT 5 Nov 85]

/12640

CSO: 3400/364

16
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

GHANA

U.S. BLASTED FOR LACK OF SUPPORT FOR LIBERATION STRUGGLES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 24 Oct 85 p 5

[Article by John Yao Kumado]

[Text]

PROFESSOR Kofi

Awoonor, Ghana's

Ambassador to

Brazil and member

of the National

Commission for

Democracy (NCD)

has observed that

most foreign powers who profess to'

uphold human

rights, still lack

fundamental questions of democracy.

He said Europe

and America for

example developed

through the toil and

hard work of African

slaves adding that

"Western democracy

cannot function

without slave empires which result in an

inevitable state of

misery and poverty."

Prof. Awoonor was

speaking at a symposium organised by the

Ghana Institute of

Journalism (GIJ), to

commemorate the

anniversary celebration ofthe invasion of

Grenada.

According to him

some religious bodies

are equally guilty of

such enslavement

and questioned why

t he Polish Pope could

encourage Polish priests to use the solidarity party against the

Communist Party of

Poland but prevented Latin American

priests from participating in the cause of

justice for the oppressed masses of

their countries.

In his contribution.

Mr Kwabena Mate, a,

Legal Practitioner

gave a background

history of Grenada

and the assassination

of Maurice Bishop,

the first Prime Minister.

Mr Mate noted

with interest the

United States of

America's accusation

of the New Jewel

Movement for building a military base

which was in fact an

airport and said the

US is now turning the

airport in all certainty into a militarv

base for itself..

He said that after

the success of Fidel

Castro's regime in

building a socialist

state the United States vowed never to

have another Cuba.

"But the history of

nations", he said,

"has shown that

though the struggle

for better life suffers

reverses, victory is

always on the side of

a determined people".

/9317

CSO: 3400/367

17
JPRS-SSA-8W17

25 November 1985

GHANA

LEBANON'S JUMAYYIL PRAISES COUNTRY'S PARTICIPATION IN UNIFIL

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 23 Oct 85 pp 1, 4/5

[Text]

THK Präsident of Lebanon,Amin Gemayel, has

express»d hi* country»

gratitude to Ghana and

othar nation* "that

have willingly enlisted

to sarv« th* can«« of

Peace" by participatina;

In tho United Nations

Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL.)

He said "I wish to convey in the name of every

Lebanese citizen our sincere gratitude to every

member in this.force, for

they have been indeed a

living example ofsolidarity

among the nations of the

world."

The Lebanese President

was speaking in the U.N.

General Assembly during

the fortieth anniversary

commemorative session in

New York at the weekend.

Other countries participating in the UNIFIL are

Fiji. Finland. France. Ireland. Italy. Nepal. Norway

and Sweden.

President Gemayel regretted that the troops'

contributions have reached the point of supreme

sacrifice.

The UN Security Council last Fridav. adopted a

resolution extending the

mandate of the UNIFIL to

April. 19. 1986. The old

mandate expired on October 19. this year.

In his statement. President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua, threw an oper

challenge to the U.S. to

abide by Nicaragua's peace

proposal to live in peace.

He said "from this high

rostrum. Nicaragua appeals to the Government of

U.S. to truly abide by the

norms of peaceful coexistence among states

enshrined in the charter, to

cease its policies of aggression against Nicaragua and

to declare on this anniversary if it is willing to respect a sovereignty and the

right of self-determination

of a small country."

President Ortega revealed that he would suspend

the state of emergency he

had imposed on his

country if the U.S. was

willing to stop the aggression against his country.

He reviewed the events

of the past four years, citing the US suspension of

credits to Nicaragua, its

funding ofmercenaries and

its covert operations.

He said the Contadora

Group had been set up to,

curb tension in the area,

"but this has not stopped'

the war mongering escalation nor the economic aggression by the US."

He also cited efforts bv

the US to block World

Bank and Inter-American

Development Bank loans

to Nicaragua and attacks

ordered by the CIA against

Nicaragua's main air and

seaports.

President Ortega condemned the execution in

South Africa of ANC

member M. B. Moloise by

the racist authorities and

called on the international

community to re-double

their efforts to end apartheid.

The President of Senegal. Abdul Diouf called for

the convening, in the first

half of 1986. of a special

session of the General Assembly on the critical economic situation in Africa.

Such a session, he said,

would provide the opportunity to examine the problems in Africa in their

totality and to mobilize

the industrialized countries, the multi-lateral financing institutions and

the international community in general to an integrated, co-ordinated

manner to assist Africa. - GNA.

/9317

CSO: 3400/369

18
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

GHANA

QUOTA SET FOR CUSTOMS WORKERS' COLLECTION

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 22 Oct 85 p 1

[Article by Abigail Bonsu]

[Text]

WORKERS of the Customs and Excise Department would neither receive end of year bonuses nor salary

increases if the department fails to

collect an amount of C26.9 billion

targeted as customs and excise duties for this year.

As at the end of last month, the department

had collected only C15 billion.

Mr Ato Ahwoi, Secretary to the National

Revenue Secretariat (NRS) who said this at a

meeting with the department's COR and Staff

Association in Accra yesterday therefore

advised customs and excise officials to work out

a scheme that would enable them to collect the

difference of (211 billion before the end of the

year

He noted with disappointment that some

customs officials fail to take note of new

changes in budget statements which have a

direct bearing on the collection of customs and

excise duties.

"As customs officers", he said "you should

watch out for these changes whenever they are

made and applv them" stressing that such

changes have a great impact on targe« set by

the department:

He said, henceforth, promotions in the department would be based on merit and efficiency and" no more on the "five-year service,"

factor which Mr Ahwoi said sacrifices excellence for mediocrity. He made it clear that corrupt

officials would be flushed out.

Mr Ahwoi reminded the executives of the

CDR and the Staff Association that they were

employed primarily as customs and excise

officials and should therefore work out a strategy of combining their normal duties with that

of the CDR or the association.

Mr Ahwoi said his outfit would not take

kindly to any report of the executives taking on

management duties, under the cover of the

association or the CDR.

The Secretarv pointed nut that the management of every organisation is responsible for its

day-to-day administration and it behoves on

CDR executives and those of other associations

to help management perform these duties

efficiently.

In his address, the association's chairman.

Mr Yao Yegbe noted that because of the keen

interest the general public has in the activities

of the department, there is the possibility of

people employing various tactics to get rid of

officers who apply customs rules in the performance of their duties.

• He therefore appealed to the Secretary to

investigate all reports that reach his office

before taking action.

/9317

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19
•JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

GHANA

ROMANIAN TIES VIEWED

Long-term Assistance Welcomed

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 23 Oct 85 pp 1,

[Article by Mavis Quaicoe]

[Text]

4/5

DB Franc!» Acquah, Secretary for Industrie«,

Science «ad Technology haa stated that although

Ghana would depend as much aa poaaible on it» own

internal reeonrcee for economic recovery it would

welcome partieularly, long-term »upply-oriented

programme« and project financing from the outaidc

world. .

In this vein, he said, emphan» would be placed on

bilateral co-operation and assistance in the true »pint of

North-South and South-South dialogue.

Dr Acquah made this clear when he opened a three-day

fourth session of the Ghana-Romania Joint Commission

for Scientific, Technical and Economic Co-operation at

the Kwame Nkrumah Conference Centre in Accra yesterday.

Ghana was represented by a 17-member team while the

Republic of Romania was represented by a seven-man

delegation led by Mr Ion M. Nicolae, Vice-Prime Minister.

Dr Acquah said the purpose of the fourth session, the

first to be held by the Joint Commission in Ghana, is in

keeping with the objectives of the Economic Recovery

Programme (ERP).

He said Ghana is at the moment half-way through its

three-year ERP and is currently in the process of

reviewing the second half of the programme with particular attention on the development of the rural areas to

help improve the quality of life of the people.

To achieve this objective, he said, his ministry has a

programme for opening up the rural areas through the

promotion nf available

raw materials.

Dr Acquah however

stressed that this would,

depend primarily on the

transfer of intermediate

technology and application of appropriate technological methods.

He said in the next two

vears. 1986-1988. the ERP

won la seek to restructure

the roles of the public and

private sectors in order to

promote joint ventures in

selected areas capable of

sustaining the economy.

Reviewing the outcome*

of the Third Joint Commission meeting held in

1983. Dr Acquah said the

protocol trade agreement

progressed satisfactorily

with Ghana importing

from Romania mainly industrial raw materials

such as PVC granules and

resins, iron and steel products, fertilizer and bond

paper for exercise books

while she exported cocoa,

manganese and natural

rubber to Romania.

Under the same agreement. Dr Acquah indicated that Romania is currently negotiating with the

Ministries of Lands and

Natural Resources and the

Transport and Communications and the Ghana

Railway Corporation to

improve the production,

transportation and loading

of bauxite for export which

in the long run would offer

Romania the opportunity

to import bauxite from

Ghana.

He pointed out that although under the Third

Joint Commission the two

sides agreed to undertake a

number of projects including the establishment of a

chemical fertilizer plant,

expansion of the Tema

Refinery and to increase

the capacity of the Bonsa

Tyre Factory. cooperation in these areas

have however not been

keenly pursued.

He regretted that to

date, none of the projects

had taken off main I v because of the fact that no

provision was made under

the previous protocols for

funding and also because

the joint commission agreed only on broad areas of

co-operation without going

into the details of the projects and identifying the

implementing agencies.

Dr Acquah said the

agenda for the current session has therefore addressed the fundamental problems adding that it would

further seek to bring up

new requests which have

significant contributions

to make in our economies

for consideration.

Mr Nicolae said he was

particularly happy about

the results achieved so far

bv the PNDC Government

adding that Romania is

also working hard to conclude its five-year plan

which, he said, had yielded

good results in all sectors.

According to Mr Nicolae

his delegation which is

made up of experts in various fields would do everything possible to achieve

good results in their exchanges in trade as well as

"conomic and technical

co-operations.

20
Barter Trade Expanded

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 25 Oct 85 p 1

[Article by Joe Bradford Nyinuh]

[Text]

GHANA is to expend

her barter trade with

Romania to the tone of

SSO million by 1990.

This is part -of the

agreement between the

two countries during th*

iust ended meeting of the

Joint Commission fo;

Scientific and Technical

Co-operation.

Tlie Secretary for Industries Science and

Technology, Dr Francis

Acquafi announced" this

when he signed the Protocol Agreement on the

Commission for Ghana.

Mr Ion Nicola« VicePrime Minister of the

People's Republic of Romania signed for his

country.

Dr Acquah said apart

/9317

CSO: 3400/368

from some agroindustrial ventures Romania was going to finance in Ghana, that

country will also enter

into a joint agricultural

venture to produce traditional Ghanaian crops

like maize.

Romania will also, according to Dr Acouah.

help Ghana in the area of

rural electrification and

provision of silon for

maize preservation.

On his part VicePremier Nicolae hoped

that Ghana will implement to the letter the

tenets of the agreement

to help improve the already cordial relations

between the two countries.

JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 198J

21
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

GHANA

PNDC MEMBER OBENG ANNOUNCES RURAL DEVELOPMENT ACCELERATION

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 21 Oct 85 pp 1, 5

[Text]

THE PNDC is providing

additional operational

moohanism to «nhanea

tha aaeeaaa ofita daeantraliaation programma,

Mr P. V. Obang, a

ntmbtr of tha PNDC,

announced at Amanokrom at tha waok-and.

Mr Obeng was addressing a durbar of the chiefs

and people of the Gyase

Division of Akuapem Traditional Area on the occasion of their annual Odwira Festival, which also

marked the 10th anniversary of Nana Wereko Ampem H, as Akuapem Gyasehene and chief of Aminokroni.

He said the government

has managed to resolve the

few bottlenecks which entered the scheme when it

was first announced and

very soon, action would be

taken on its implementation aimed at accelerating

rural development.

The PNDC membersaid

under the additional mechanism, which has already begun, each town or

village group would have

its own council "serviced

on the spot" by staff supplied by government, but

which will work under the

political control and direction of the local people.

He said beyond the town

level, there will be new

district co-ordination machinery for towns in the

defined area to provide

more elaborate and complete administrative and

development support to

the local efforts.

Mr Obeng. who is also

'chairman of the Committee of Secretaries said

within the next two

months, a. minimum of

three development specialists will be deployed to

each district to augment

the present one which he

termed as grossly-inadequate.

He said these specialists

would serve as secretariat

personnel for the specialised committees approved

for each of the now expanded district councils to

address the economic development, social and utilitv services, planning and

budgetary issues of the

communities under the

district.

Mr Obeng said the

PNDC has. under a provisional arrangement for the

developmental administration of districts, also

approved a new formula

for providing political direction, control and leadership to district administrative organs in the

form of expanded district

councils on which additional representative bodies

will serve.

He said under the new

scheme, the traditional

authority in a district will

have various representatives, including three from

the district CDR. and one

from a women's organisation.

Mr Obeng said these together with other appointed members will be carefullv chosen to have a fair

district coverage, while selected public officials will

constitute the management committees of a

district.

He also stressed the

PNDO's commitment to

creating additional

districts to make each onhandv and manageable.

Mr Obeng commended

the people of the area for

their self-help spirit and

pledged the government's

continued assistance.

In his welcome address.

Nana Wereko Ampem II.

announced a five-year development programme for

the town.

He said a development

lew of C100 per annum per

citizen resident in the town

and C400 per citizen resident outside the town. <M\\-

be u«ed to raise five millior

cedi« for the project.

/9317

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22
CENTRAL PROJECTS MONITORING UNIT ESTABLISHED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 21 Oct 85 p 1

[Text]

A CENTRAL Projeeta Monitoring Unit

which Is to co-ordinate the implementation of donor supported project! being

undertakenby governmentin line with the

economic recovery programme has been

established in the Ministry of Finance and

Economic Planning1.

According to a statement from the Ministry

in Accra yesterday, the unit would ensure

timely completion of such projects, in order to

avoid any extra costs caused by delays.

- The statement said the time factor in executing government projects was crucial because

the recovery programme and associated policy

measures required timely response from the

productive and the export sector, giving increasing pressure on the balance of payment

and external debt servicing burden.

The unit, the statement said, would supplement and reinforce efforts being made by the

ministries in charge of the productive and

export sectors especially from the perspective

of accelerating utilisation of foreign aid.

The statement said the unit would initi.

ally concentrate on only major

piojects having important bearing on tne

government's economic recovery programme

JPRS-SSA-85-H7r

25 November 1985

GHANA

/9317

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23
JPRS-SSA-85-

25 November

117

1985

GILL AND DUFFUS PRAISES COCOA INDUSTRY MEASURES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 24 Oct 85 p 1

[Article by Kojo Sam]

[Text]

GILL and Duffus,

the world's major

cocoa brokers has

observed that

measures taken to

revive the cocoa

industry in Ghana

are beginning to

show results.

One of these measures

has been the rise in real

terms of the farmer's price.

There has been a dramatic

improvement in this respect over the last two

years brought about by

large rises in the normal

prices combined with some

success in keeping inflation

under control.

According to the Gill

and Duffus Cocoa Market

Report for October, 1985.

the situation has been largely made possible by two

good food harvests which

have kept down prices of

staples such aa maize and

yam.

As a result, cash crops

are becoming once again

an attractive proposition

for the farmer and the cocoa industry which seemed

for a time to be surviving

on- little more than tradition, has been given a

firmer economic base.

The report, however,

noted that there is still a

long wav to go but there is

more reason now than for

manv vears to believe that

Ghana mav yet confound

its critics and delight her

friends bv putting a halt to

the secular decline of its

chief industry.

It noted that-climatic

conditions have not been

too unkind and it looked as

though the prospective

crop would be similar to

that of 1984/85.

' The large area of former

cocoa land which has been

cleared in recent years has

attracted much attention

and led some observers to

conclude that there has

been a significant reduction in the tree stock. The

evidence, however, does

not entirely support such a

conclusion.

The report stated that

evacuation of the crop to

the ports has effectively

been completed and for the

most part shipments have

been smooth- ami punctual.'

/9317

CSO: 3400/370

GHANA

24
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

GHANA

PINEAPPLE EXPORT FIGURES, NORWEGIAN AID

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 24 Oct 85 p 1

[Article by Emelia Otoo]

[Text]

THE Ghana Export Promotion Cv

(GEPC), exported about 1,075 tonnv

pineapple* valued at C7.9 million to ae

United Kingdom, Switzerland and Germany as at the end oflast month.

Disclosing this in an interview in Accra

vesterdav. the acting Executive Secretary of

the GEPC. Mr Albert A. Adomako. said the

Council concentrates mainly on the exportation of non-traditional products like fruits and

vegetables which need less import content in

the form of machinery for their processing, and

•are therefore easily exportable.

Mr Adomako said the Council also promotes

the export of fresh fruits and vegetables like

lemons, lime, bananas and melons. He could

not-readily give figures for exports of the other

products.

He said under an agreement signed in 1976

between the Governments of Ghana and Norway, the latter has been aiding the GEPC in

the expansion and diversification of nontraditional exports from Ghana.

The aid. which is in the form of technical

equipment, vehicles and technical training for

staff of the Council, has contributed greatly

towards the economic and social development

of the country.

Mr Adomako said under the administration

of the International Trade Centre (ITC), the

Norwegian Government has helped the Council

to strengthen its infrastructure for trade promotion, thus enabling it to play a more effective

role in the export sector.

Meanwhile, the 'Exporter', a bi-monthly

bulletin of the Council has been launched in

Accra bv the acting Executive Secretary.

The bulletin which will serve as a link between the exporting public and the Council, will

also educate and inform the Ghanaian exporter

on how to improve his competitiveness in the

export market.

Launching the bulletin, Mr Adomako said

the Council regularly conducts supply surveys

both at home and abroad, to determine the

acceptability, availability and volume of Ghanaian products on target markets.

The 'Exporter' was therefore designed to

publicise the Council's activities and also to

reach the foreign importer without whose

cooperation the Economic Recovery Programme and export incentives would amount to

nothing.

/9317

CSO: 3400/370

25
^PRS-SSA-85-117

< *> November 1985

GHANA

.CUBAN SUGAR FACTORY PACT SIGNED

Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 21 Oct 85 pp 1, 3

[Text] REHABJUTATON wo* CO the

Komenda Sugar Factory will

tart early next year following

the signing at a contract to

that effect batween tha Ghana

Sugar Estates United (GHASEU and a team of Cuban sugar «parts, rsports GNA.

Mr J. K. Hanson, acting managing director of GHASEL, who

emwunced thie to the press at

Komenda at tha week-end, said

tha agreement waa signed in

Ghana two months ago und«! a

protocol between the Governmenta of Ghana and Cuba.

Mr Kofi Amankwa-Poku, act.

Ing general manager of tha Komenda factoty, said about 1,370

Hectares of tha factory's 1.578

hectares of sugarcane (leid

Would also be rehabilitated

At present about 162 hectares

of the field is under cultivation

while about 20 hectares']a being used for nursery.

The factory still has 235 workers at post, while 385 have been on its

redundancy list since it halved production five years ago, he added.

Earlier, Mr Hanson, speaking at the inauguration of new executives for

the CDR of the Komenda sugar factory, urged workers to take concrete

measures to instil confidence in any investor, whether private or government.

Mr Richard Nelson, Cape Coast District Secretary, who chaired the function,

praised the redundant workers and those at post who have not received any

salaries for the past nine months for their patience and endurance.

/9317

CSO: 3400/369

26
BLOCK-MAKING MACHINES ARRIVE FROM GDR

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 19 Oct 85 p 8

[Article by Joe Bradford Nyinah]

[Text]

JPRS-SSA-85-117

2'5 November 19öJ

GHANA

/9317

CSO: 3400/369

AS part of ita bid to improve the housing pro»

blem in the country, the

government has

through the Gbewa Civil Engineering Company brought into the

country 33 block making machine* at a coat of

165,000 dollars.

The Peskin engineoperated machine makes

four compact and three

hollow blocks, in a minute

and it is to be distributed

through government housing agencies.

Witnessing a demonstration of the machine in

Accra yesterday the technical director of the Ministry of Works and Housing Alhaji A. Bawuni, and

the Chief Director of the

Ministry, MrJ. S. Alomatu

said they were satisfied

that the machine, by its

vibration method could

help eliminate inferior

blocks on the market.

Alhaji Bawuni noted

that the machine was going to be tested on how it

could help in producing

better sandcrete blocks using more latente than cement for housing in the

country so that more could

be imported.

He noted that the machine was an improvement on

the manually operated

ones in the country which

produce fewer blocks per

dav.

The machines were imported from the Baukema

Limited of the German

Democratic Republic.

27
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

LESOTHO

BRIEFS

STUDENTS FEAR BNP YOUTH—Maseru—More than 100 South African students at the

National University of Lesotho are said to fear that they will be forced to

leave the country because of harassment by members of the youth league of the

ruling Basotho National Party. Students at the university have been boycotting lectures since October 8 in protest against what they say is the absence

of protection against the youth league. Members of the league are said to

include students at the university who carry AK47 rifles and other weapons

into lectures. They have allegedly harassed both South African students and

Basotho students who are not BNP members. Six South African students said

they had been served with "deportation orders" by the youth league. When

they queried the legality of the orders with government authorities in

Maseru they were told to ignore them. Two of the students have since left

Lesotho, however, according to their colleagues. [Text] [Johannesburg

SOWETAN in English 22 Oct 85 p 9] /9274

CSO: 3400/377

28
JPRS-SSA-85-U7

25 November 19»->

MADAGASCAR

BRIEFS

RATSIRAKA SUGGESTS SDI—In a speech to the United Nations General Assembly

on October 21 the Malagasy president, Didier Ratsiraka, suggested that the

American Strategic Defence Initiative, popularly known as Star Wars, be replaced by a "strategic development initiative", the purpose of which would

be to lighten the Third World's external debt of getting on for 1,000 billion

dollars, the equivalent of the combined military expenditure of the two superpowers and the other industrialised nations. President Ratsiraka also called

for a ten-year moratorium on repayments for the most indebted countries, which

he said could not carry on much longer spending between 50 and 90 percent of

their export revenue on debt servicing. Madagascar, with an external debt of

1.9 billion dollars, is in this category. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN

NEWSLETTER in English 26 Oct 85 p 3] /9274

RICE SUPPLY SITUATION WORSENING—The total absence of rice which Antananarivo

suffered over a four-day period at the end of September begs a large number of

questions, for which President Didier Ratsiraka provided no answers in his

remarks to the press on his return from his tour of France, the Soviet Union,

China and North Korea. The liberalisation of the collection and distribution

of rice in 1983 resulted in a marked improvement in Madagascar's food supplies. But the situation worsened again this year, during the current period

between harvests, because of a resumption of speculation on a product which,

having no price controls, allows for more substantial profits. Examples of

hoarding with the intention of driving up prices during this period are innumerable, and concern the elected heads of the fivondronana (administrative

regions) as well as senior state officials. In Ambotalampy, for example,

the source of a large part of the capital's food supplies, one local worthy

unblushingly turned the auditorium of a cinema he had just built into a warehouse for storing rice. The question remains whether the authorities at the

highest level have the political will to fight corruption and speculation.

Otherwise, neither the strict controls imposed until 1983 nor the present

free market system can solve the problem. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN

NEWSLETTER in English 26 Oct 85 p 6] /9274

EEC GRANT—The European Economic Community has made a grant of one million

ECUs to finance a study on the construction of seven small hydro-electric

power stations. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 26 Oct

85 p 7] /9274

CSO: 3400/379

29
JPRS-SSA-8W17

25 November 1983

MALAWI

ANALYSIS PROVIDED OF NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 8 Oct 85 p 4

[Commentary by Grover Mzumara: "Energy Policy Development in Perspective"]

[Text]

MALAWI'S Energy Policy Planning was highlighted at a one-day meeting on Energy Policy

Planning held at the Polytechnic in Blantyre last

Saturday where three key papers — "Some aspects of the energy situation in Malawi" from the

' Economic Planning Division, "Liquid fuel planning" from Ethanol and "Malawi future requirement of electrical energy" from Escom were presented.

The aim of the meeting, organised by the National Research Council, was to look at Malawi energy policy in the light of industrial development

and also to identify researchers in the energy sector so as to effectively collaborate in areas of common interest. Experts from the National Research Council, Economic Planning Division,

University, Escom, Ethanol and the Malawi Bureau of Standards discussed and shared ideas on

the three key papers.

A paper on "Some aspects of energy situation

in Malawi covered four main sources of energy in

the country — petroleum fuels, coal, electricity

and fuelwood. A senior official in the Economic

Planning Division who presented the paper said

that the world market for petroleum fuels has

been characterised by four structural shifts.

• Due to conservation and world-wide recession, world production of crude oil has declined

by 14percent since 1979.

• There has been an accompanying secular

shrinkage for the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) market which accounted for over half of world crude oil production in 1973 to 30 per cent at current levels.

• Technological advances in refinery conversion have made it possible for major oil companies to shift from light crude oil to low-prices

heavy crude in order to produce high-valued oil

products. This cost-saving exercise is estimated

to have resulted in an increase of market share in

favour of the heavy crudes from 22 per cent in

1980 to current 30 per cent. This trend is expected to increase.

/9317

CSO: 3400/466

30
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

ARMY CLAIMS NEW SUCCESSES—The Mozambican armed forces radio, Voz de Combate,

has reported that around 90 rebels have been killed in recent days in Maputo,

Inhambane, Manica and Zambezia provinces, while fierce fighting in Zumbo

forced more than 1,000 Mozambican civilians to flee across the nearby border

into Zambia. Before this latest fighting between government forces and the

guerrillas of the Mozambique National Resistance, the United Nations High

Commission for Refugees had put at 2,600 the number of Mozambicans arriving

in Zambia in the previous four weeks. MNR camps were said to have been

destroyed in the province of Maputo and also in Inhambane, where the military

governor of the region, General Domingos Fondo, said the situation had

"greatly improved". He said the rebels were short of ammunition and having

to attack with edged weapons. In Zambezia province the government forces

said they had killed 204 rebels and destroyed 25 of their camps between January and August this year. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in

English 26 Oct 85 p 4] /9274

CSO: 3400/379

31
FORMER LEGISLATOR CRITICIZES BABANGIDA'S POLICIES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAS in English 15 Oct 35 p 5

[Article by Junaid Mohammed]

jPRS-SSA-85-117^

25 November 1985

NIGERIA

[Text]

THE most observable development during the first 50 days of

the Babangida regime is its

seemingly enduring loverelationship with the Press. In-

'deed the new administration is

having a field day with the

media. Every move it makes —

'sensible, nonsensical or. even

stupid — has been hailed. Unfortunately, as in ail love-affairs,

this relationship seem to be based

more on sentiment than merit.

And glaring political faux pax are

being pretentiously ignored or rationalised post facto.

Witness for example the unconvincing and politically costly explanation by General Babangida

of a blunder in denying Bauchi

and Ondo States their rightful

ministerial appointments in the

Council of Ministers. When the

General proceeded headlong to

misinterpret the letter and spirit

of the Constitution of Nigeria

1979; I for one decided it was a

time go make this point of order.

Section 135(3) of the constitution

.deals with appointment into office of Minister and States:

"Any appointment under subsection (2) of this section by the

President shall be in conformity

with the provisions of section

14- V of this Constitution (i.e.

Federal character); "Provided

that in giving effect to the provisions aforesaid the President

shall appoint at least one

Minister from each State, who

shall be an indigene of such

State." The letter and spirit of the

relevant sections of the constitution quoted above were clear and

unambiguous in making it mandatory on the President to appoint at least one indigene of each

of the 19 States as a Minister.

Needless to say the States in

question included Bauchi and Ondo.

Contrary to General

Babangida's statement, Section

135(2 and 3), read along with Section 14(3 and 4) clearly points to

the States as "the operative"

units in Ministerial appointments; in fact that Section makes

no reference whatsoever to socalled "Geographical Spread."

As if they had the present siluartion in mind; the founding fathers

of the second republic defined in

relevant sections and schedules

the word "indigene." "Federal

Character." etc. and listed in

part 1 of the First Schedule of

that constitution all the 19 states

of.the Federation.

There is an old dictum

popularised by the British politician and former cabinet

Minister. Mr. Tony Benn which

. states: "if you'd not like a law do

not bend if. change it." It would

havebeen much more,

honourable and politically prudent for the President to request

the AFRC to annul section

.135(3), before embarking on this

political and constitutional

'harakiri.'

Short of a clumsy constitutional

amendment (suspension or annulment* by Decree, the President remains duty bound, in fact

the word "SHALL" in the sections under reference, makes it

mandatory on him to appoint an

indigene each of Bauchi and Ondo

as Ministers. The "Doctrine.of

revolutionary legality" ala

Kelsen does not include selective

affront to the rule of law!

This avoidable blunder by Mr.

President, calls into question the

qualltv and sincerity of advice

availabe to him. It fne President

can be misadvised to miscontrue

the letter and spirit of the constitution and render his judgment

vulnerable to ridicule in a period

of relative calm and press

euphoria, one wonders what happens with the President's quality

of judgement under pressure

.either from adverse public opinion, insurrection at home or

political or economic pressure

or even military agression from

abroad!

The president and people like

me may look forward to the day

when matter of appointments like

in all other matters Nigerians

shall be judged not by their

states, local government or their

ethnic profiles, but by the content

of their character and manifest

abilities. Until that happens, the

likes of me will continue to be adjudged day-dreaming radicals

This brings me to the nationwide

address on the occasion of our

32
'Silver Jubilee celebration. The,

basic highlights of the speech

were: (A) declaration of a national economic, emergence,

i vay. what are the components of,

that National Emergency? What

are the reponsibilities of Government, the Governed and the

Media? What roie for the labour

movement. Professional associa--

lions and other urban based interest groups? What happens

with the existing monetary and

fiscal policies? Are they adequate, suitable and optimum for

a period of emergency? What

about tax and tariff structures?

What role assigned and what

premium placed on mass

mobilisation.

On the specific issue of rice importation, what are the likely problems of the ban on its importation and how will they be addressed? Assuming as F am inclined to; that the problem of our

agricultural self-sufficiency and

food security in the short term is

one of inadequate distributive

machinery, to transfer all food

commodities from areas of abundance to areas of relative scarcity and need, what is that shortterm solution? What package of

solutions/incentives, especially

addressed to the small farmer,

dependant on rainfed agriculture

in the medium and long term that

will serve as the only key to

agricultural self-sufficiency and

a solid foundation to foodsecurity? The problem of our

agriculture has been not so much

with Rice, but with effective, high

yield, pest resistant seedlings,

distribution and modernised

cultivation, storage and reliable

distribution of All basic food commodities nationwide, now is the

problem addressed and by whom

and in whose interest?

That declaration of National

Economic emergency leaves so

many questions unanswered so

much so that one gets the impression that it was more a public

relation exercise or a sinister

diversionary tactic to buy time

rather than an honest-to-God approach to come to terms with a

real problem.

In the present mood of government mistrust, cynicism arid or

casional contempt some max

dismiss not only the declaration

hut the underlying need for (Instate of emergency — as much

ado about nothing; which will l><-

" mist unfortunate.

A credible National emergen- v

must be predicated and iustili«;*

on the basis of concrete, easily

discernible threat to the . National, (its very survival), security, socio-economic, institutional

and political well being. Importation of rice alone does not constitute such a threat.

As if tocomplete the absurdity,

further marginalise and alienate

the peasants and to make a complete mockery of the bumper

harvest, the government has

publicly committed itself to open-

. ing our land borders just toplease our West European and

American Godfathers who want

to send aid to save their shaky

client regimes of Niger and

Tchad and in the process ensure

the flight of food commodities

through unscrupulous middle

men from this country. There is,

even now. enough illegal traffic

of fond and 9ther essentials going

on across our borders, thanks to

the unpatriotic rogues and

scounderels in custom and immigration departments. I shud-

- to think what happens when

I lie borders are legally open! „( B)

t'ounler-trade has been slopped

•"forthwith"? May we ask what

happens to the Aboyade panel?

Scrapped or overtaken by

events? What happens to the

'fraud*? and its perpetrators?

The bland Declaration of National economic emergencv plus

abrupt termination of countertrade when noboclv has been held

to account are jus*t two examples

ol ill-thought out and often sel'f-

;con(radiclory populist policies

.taken by this government in I he

hope of getting popularity to the

det riment of the people. In fact. a

pattern is now emerging where

-the government appoints a panel

with elaborate terms of reference

to go through and submit recomniendations on particular problem, the same government,

rushes itself to a decision, the

consequences of which nobody

surmises.

It will be interesting to observe

how the government will wriggle

itself out were Professor

Aboyade's panel lo come up with

a favourable recommendation

towards certain aspects ol a

renegotiated countertrade. How

will it lackle it?

iC) Political programme

another pronouncement to have

emerged from General

ttabangida's October 1st broadcast was a loose commit t men I to

bring out a political programme

next year. Given the high expectations in (his area, the military

will be hard put to make good

their words And not to forgot.

next year is less than three months away!

Furthermore, the limbed socioeconomic programme of austerity and WAI inherited from

Kuluiri niay have been mortally

•wounded through l,he hasty expedience of posting out. retiring <>r

pul'Jjcly humiliating mam of the

key actors who kept the programme fuelioning: inspite of Ms

limitations and flaws. It is common sense to appreciate that

posting dictates jiolicy. No mallei- what instruct ions given and

policy somersaults expected of

IJ. Col. Anthony l

:

kpo. the new

man at the Inlormaiion Ministry.

WAI will never be the same

again

Another development to wateh

is the behav iour of the comprador

business class, the ''towns and

court jesters who now seem tobe

wanning; themselves to this

regime The opportunistic, sellserving self-appointed friends ol

this administration are its worst

enemies. Their very personalities, past track records and

/9274

CSO: 3400/327

33
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

NIGERIA

GOVERNMENT CAUTIONED ON RETIRING TOP MILITARY OFFICERS

Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 13 Oct 85 p 4

[Text]

THE Federal Military

Government has been cautioned to halt the retirement of

senior members of the

Nigeria Armed Forces. The

rate with which the retirement

of senior armed forces

members is attaining alarming proportions.

Speaking to the Sunday New

Nigerian during the week, a

Kaduna businessman and industrialist, Alhaji Mahmoud

Atta observed that the trend if

not checked could create a

situation whereby deficiencies

in professional skills, experience and organisation

cohesion in the armed forces

would be noticeable. He said

the retirement of senior

military personnel has given

room for numerous young officers. "This is capable of killing long-standing traditions in

our armedforces", he said.

Alhaji Mahmoud claimed

that it is only in Nigeria that

our Major-Generals and

Generals retire very young.

"We are setting a dangerous

precedent." he said.

In' advanced countries he

claimed, military officers are

retired whenever they attain

old age. "This is how it should

be here", he contended.

Gradually, he said, "this

country is losing its finest

soldiers on whose training we

have expended horrendous

amounts of monev."

Alhaji Mahmoud said by accident or design, this nation

has groomed a modern

military elite within our standing army. This elite must remain intact for some time in

order to inculcate the ethics

and traditions of our armed

forces into the mind of our upcoming young officers.

He said instead of retiring

these officers they could be

better used in military headquarters or war-office and be

posted as diplomats or as

military attache to our foreign

missions.

"How can we continue to

disband these well trained.

self-conscious and intelligent

young men from the bulk of

our military elite which forms

the nation's moderating

power?" he asked.

Alhaji Mahmoud said

although the retired officers

who are now businessmen and

farmers are on the reserve list

they can not think of war when

they are in business or farms.

This present trend could be

counter-productive as it would

continue to drain the nation's

economy if the retirement of

military officers is not halted

by the present administration.

He said now that the nation

is in an economic strait jacket.

our military leaders must be

prudent in whatever policy

thev introduce.

/9274

CSO: 3400/329 34
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

NIGERIA

PRISONERS IN KADUNA CRY HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIA!; in English 13 Oct 85 pp 1, 3

[Text] Detainees in Kaduna Prisons have cried out against the infringement of

their human rights.

In a letter sent to the SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN by the detainees from prison, they

claimed that they are being treated worse than convicts and that they have been

kept for 20 months without trial.

The letter which was scribbled with a pencil on a religious pamphlet said there

were three types of detainees in the prison. The first-class, are made up of

ex governors, politicians, chief executives of government corporations and

senior civil servants. The second-class of detainees is made up of those involved in the 15 million Naira Abuja fraud, adding that the first and second

class detainees have the best of the world within the prison.

The detainees who were reacting to the editorial of the SNN of September 9

titled "Voiceless Detainees" said in the letter that 36 of the first and

second class ones have since been released soon after this administration

took over power in the country. "But no mention has been made of our case,"

they said. The letter revealed that the 3d class of detainees who are only

26 are being treated worse than slaves and even the convicts.

"We are the victims of Police evil machinations", they claimed. This group of

detainees is made up of two from Anambra State, four from Kano State and 20

from various local government areas of Kaduna State and they are only

"rabbles" rounded up from public places and used as bait for the so-called

political thugs.

The detainees complained that rumour had it that their release had been recommended since the middle of last month and that the Police were sitting on the

order.

We have no cases in the tribunal or courts, but Police are flouting the new

administration's fundamental human rights policy on those of us who are poor

and voiceless" they said.

/9274

CSO: 3400/327

35
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

NIGERIA

CHANGES AT IMPORT OFFICE REPORTED

Shake Up at Import License Office

Lagos DAILY TIMES' in English 8 Oct 85 p 1

[Text] Many businessmen besieged the office of a top official for Import

licences yesterday only to know that he has retired.

The businessmen were in the office of Alhay Magay Mohammed at the Trade

Ministry, but they found him handing over to an army officer, Lt.-Col. M. A.

Rufai.

The retirement was sudden'and some of the businessmen said they didn't know

he would quit the ministry last week-end.

Sources at the ministry yesterday said that two other top officers, who were

in the import licence division, have also retired.

It was not possible to know whether the retirements were forced or voluntary.

Two other officials, Mrs. Eka and Mr. Banuso, were reliably learnt to have retired yesterday.

Mrs. Eka is on maternity leave. Trade Minister, Major General M. G. Nasko is

expected to tour departments under his ministry today.

Import Licenses Cancelled

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 11 Oct 85 p 1

[Excerpt] One hundred and sixteen Import licences have been cancelled.

The Federal Ministry of Trade said yesterday that licences affected were

those issued from August 28 to date.

No reason was given for the cancellation, though the ministry said that all

genuine cases would be reconsidered.

The ministry has informed the Central Bank, the Customs and the Ministry of

Finance of its action.

36
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

Import License Applicants Barred

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 16 Oct 85 p 13

[Text] Many import licence applicants who besieged the Federal Ministry of

Trade yesterday were barred from seeing a top official of the ministry.

The applicants had sought to lodge their complaints with the director of industrial, commercial incentive administration and monitoring department, Lt.-

Col. M. A. Rufai, but they were prevented by security men.

As the situation became chaotic, the Minister, Major-General N. 6. Nasko,

came to talk to them.

Business executives, numbering over 100, had stormed the director's office as

early as 7 a.m. but as at 2.45 p.m. they were yet to be attended.

The minister grouped together applicants with identical complaints and gave

them different dates on which to report at the ministry.

Some of the complainants were those handling government projects, those who

want to bring in personal effects and those with problems on counter-trade.

The minister told those whose complaints centred on counter-trade that their

problems could not be handled by his ministry.

He said that the Federal Government had suspended the counter-trade issue.

Impressed by the minister's behaviour Professor Linus Okere of the Maiduguri

University who had come for his personal effects thanked the minister for what

he called "practical demonstration and good leadership."

Professor Okere said he had been frequenting Lagos from Maiduguri to get out

his car but all to no avail.

Later in an interview with the Daily Times, Major General Nasko said: "We

have four assistant directors but the applicants ignored them and decided to

deal directly with the director and that caused congestion in the ministry"

Earlier the minister had visited the Federal Palace Hotel and Ikoyi Hotel in

continuation of his familiarisation tour of the parastatals under his ministry.

/9274

CSO: 3400/331

37
TIMES CALLS FOR NATIONAL CENSUS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 11 Oct 85 p 3

[Editorial]

[Text] POPULATION in Nigeria largely deterjninea the size of the slice of the

national eaka a state takes home from.

the Federal purse. And in the prestigious gerne of politics, number is

power and power is everything. There

may be no people in the world who

understand this fundamental truth

better than Nigerians. But ours is a

knowledge carried too far; we are so

sophisticated about this that we surprisingly find ourselves being clever by

half.

Between 1982 and 1973, the nation ha*

had'three heed counts, all of which

have been very controversial. The 1963

census figure of some S6.S million,

though the only acceptable one today,

was itself the subject of serious

disputes. The walling up of emotions,

the impulsiv« bend to influence the

outcome of a census and the mutuei

readiness to bitterly discredit its results

are some of the factors that in turn

make the population question one

of unususl sensitivity.

The political wisdom that preveils in

government quarters sines 1973 when

the last census figures were dumped in

the waste basket is to regard a head

count as untouchable. But this

expediency only sweeps the problem

under the carpet where, having built up

to a mountain, it now threatens to

quake.

JPRS-SSA-8W17

25 November 1985

NIGERIA

38
/9274

CSO: 3400/330

Red signals of the impending quake have

been on for some time. Population

experts relying on the figures for 1963

guess our current population to be

something between 90 million and 100

million. They further predict that by the

legendary yeer 2000 AD, we will be

some 160 million. The scenario gets

more complicated and frightening with

the recent United Nations report which

claimed that by 2,036, our population

would jump to 618 million after we

perhaps might have miraculously

reduced the Nigerian woman's current

average birth of six children to two in

that yeer.

We may well in a fit of desperate selfconsoietion lamely dismiss all these

apocalyptic demographic predictions

as gross exaggerations and therefore

alarmist and off the mark. The wisdom

of our position, if we so adopt it, is not

any better then the "alarmist" outpourings: We all rely on a one-eyed

oracle. The truth we seek cannot come

from conjectures nor from refutations,

however brilliantly we may go about

this. The answer lies in an unpoliticised

head count we can rely on.

The Urgency of such an exercise need not

beg its case. The key to them is an

accurate census. There cannot be a

better start on the question than President Ibrahim Babangida's recent

advice that Nigerians have to address

themselves to the census issue now or

the future. This, we believe, they have

to do with the knowledge that time is

fast running out.

39
«JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

NIGERIA

URBAN CRISIS BLAMED ON LACK OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

Lagos DAILY TIMES In English 17 Oct 85 p 2

[Text] The absence of accurate demographic data has been described as the

most serious problem facing urban planning and human settlement in Nigeria.

This serious lapse could make nonsense of any plan unless Nigeria applied herself to the collection of such relevant data, based on population, growth and

migration.

Governor Chris Garuba of Bauchi State said this on Monday while opening a

workshop, titled: "Urban Development in Nigeria," in Bauchi.

He said that most of the plans were too theoretical and hardly looked into the

practical problems, such as the proliferation of Illegal structures among

others.

"People simply acquired land and develop it without maintaining adequate

standard," Governor Garuba said.

According to him, there was a need to ensure that "as we develop our rural

areas sufficiently to attract urban dwellers, we also need to look closely at

the cost of urban development particularly in the provision of housing."

Speaking earlier, the minister of works and housing, Air Commodore Hamza

Abdullahi, said that the workshop, which was jointly sponsored by his ministry, the Federal Mortgage Bank, and the World Bank, was to enhance the skill

of participants on how to prepare and manage affordab le urban and rural infrastructures and housing in Nigeria.

It will demonstrate the application of policy to develop different project

elements through specific case studies of a few selected Nigerian cities, he

added.

/9274

CSO: 3400/330

40
JPRS-SSÄ-85-117

25 November W«

GOVERNMENT URGED TO ESTABLISH NATIONAL MAPPING COMMISSION

NIGERIA

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 8 Oct 85 p 9

[Article by Daniel Tifato]

[Text]

79274

CSO: 3400/329

THE Federal Government has.

been called upon to set up a National Mapping Commission and

also equip the Nigerian Air

Force, NAF, to carry out all our

aerial surveys.

The commisssion should control all map projects for the country including interpretation and

transformation of aerial photos

into conventional maps.

The Chairman of the Kaduna

State branch of Nigerian Cartographic Association, Mr.

Joseph A. Ogunkoya, who made

the call explained that it was

necessary so as to safeguard our

national security, territorial integrity and to cut down cost.

Mr. ogunkoya said at a press

briefing yesterday that it was a

matter of regret that contracts

for aerial surveys of the country

were being handled by

foreigners.

Hesaid that his association was

making efforts to get the people

more enlightened on the

relevance of maps, while the

government was being made to

become more committed in

undertaking cartographical

surveys.

Earlier. the 'Publicity

Secretary of the association. Mr.

Abraham B. Akpam, had announced that a national conference of the association would

come up tomorrow.

Mr. Akpam said that the main

purpose of the conference would*

be "to harness the views of cartographers, scholars, professionals in allied disciplines, and

map user organisations with a

view to applying such to provide

good quality, for the mapping

industry in Nigeria."

Apart from being an important

tool for development since they

show an inventory of resources.

Mr. Akpam said that maos hem

to show precisely where these

resources were and the quantity.

He said that the Nigerian Cartographic Association was worried

with the low level of map literacy

and consciousness in the country,

a sftuation which he added, had a

negative impact "since maps

manifest their potential valtfe if

neariy all facets of our economic

and social activities."

The theme for the conference

would be "Cartographic Education and Manpower needs in

Nigeria."

41
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

NIGERIA

MEASURES FOR ADVANCING TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 8 oct 85 p 12

[Article by Akinyemi Taiwo]

[Text] Delivering a paper titled "The Development of Indigenous Resource

Based Technology" in a lecture to commemorate the second anniversary of the

Institute of Management Consultants (IMC), Kaduna, recently, Professor Ezekwe

bared his mind on some national issues, especially those relating to his field

of specialisation technology.

Often, we have toyed with the idea of technology transfer. Fut as the facts

bear out today, this is not only too naive an idea but the price tag could be

too high to pay, economically and politically. This is [word indistinct]

more so as technology progress doesn't only consist in operating, maintaining

and repairing physical equipment being provided by the manufacturer.

Instead, the professor advocates what he termed technology acquisition which

is beiag able to analyse a work situation and conceptually proffer a technological solution to the problem. That is being able to design the system conceived and translating it into a physical equipment obtained through the use

of local raw materials.

One reason for the spate of carefree attitude of Nigerian past governments

could be attributed to lack of foresight on the part of our planners. With

time, one should have realised that only our efforts could set us off the

ground technologically. But with the recession on, the ingenuity of Nigerians

has started to manifest itself as latent inventive powers are put to good use.

The result of which is a successful fabrication of some equipment throughout

the country.

Assessing the role of technology in the country, Professor Ezekwe talks

extensively on the desirability to mechanise agriculture and have a constant

power supply. Here, he advocates for the decentralisation of power generation

and distribution. It is however debatable whether decentralisation of power

generation and distribution per cent would solve the problem of power failure.

The basic fact is that for quite too-long we have often over-looked the human

element that make any establishment tick. For instance, any system that overpampers the management at the expense of the union employees would inevitably

42
run into a quagmire. This has been the bane of most establishments in the

country and until the situation is redressed, we cannot achieve much.

Sut more importantly, we can not hope to progress technologically when the

cultural base is not there. The environment has just to be right in addition

to having a large pool of artisans, technicians and technologists who are

grounded both and theory and practice. In essence, this means that technical

and tertiary institutions are furnished with all necessary teaching equipment

for effective learning. This should be complemented by setting up industrial

centres in all institutions of higher learning as"Professor Ezekwe advocates.

Quite often, we play the ostrich and vilify our engineers for nonperformance.

But we have not stopped to think of how we can deliver the goods when the opportunity to prove their mettle is not offered. In the past, students went

to do degree programmes in engineering without seeing the inside of a workshop,

and with the little practical experience garnered, there are no firms to employ them and be exposed to practicals. This has resulted into a vicious

circle which the government intends to correct with the resuscitation of industrial attachment by these students.

While industrial attachment is, good in itself, it shouldn't be a substitute

for industrial centres in tertiary institutions. Like Professor Ezekwe

points out, while everybody appreciates the dominant role which teaching

hospitals play in the training of medicals doctors, planners have long

ignored the need [to] establish industrial centres in our universities. These

centres, if established, would then serve as a ground for germinating ideas

into the eventual launching of machinery construction in Nigeria.

As a corollary to this, the country must make a deliverate effort to create

the environment for machine building—more so as many peoplegend now keen and

ready to launch into this nationally unavoidable venture. Thus, basic raw

materials needed for the production of the capital goods should be imported.

And since the individuals interested in this venture are often not financially

bouyant to bring in the goods, Nigerian National Supply Company (NN3C) could

be mandated to ensure a steady Importation of these goods.

Machine design and fabrication cannot be possible without production workshops.

A couple of years back, the idea of setting up an equipment tools factory at

Oshogbo was mooted but the project has somehow been grounded. Instead of going for such a white elephant project, it would have been better to establish

a number of such small scale factories in different parts of the country.

Invariably, government may have to come up with a policy delineating where

the private sector could come in.

In addition, Professor Ezekwe suggests that heavy engineering assembled-inKigeria enterprises such as motor assembly plants, should be obliged to produce some of their spare parts in Nigeria within the next five years. This

measure, if adopted, would not only save a lot of foreign exchange but also

fulfil the purpose of their establishment-technology transfer.

43
In the same view, firms which produce (consumer) capital goods like a refrigerators, freezers etc. could also be made to embark on backward integration

by setting up sidsidiary firms to produce their components within this plan

period. Manufacturing these components locally does not, however, mean that

capital raw materials would not be imported when there are no local substitute.

And more importantly, it is desirable to review the Nigerian Patents and

Designs Decree of 1970 to stimulate inventiveness. While Nigeria must observe the laid down rules as a member of International Convention for the

Protection of Industiral Property it is foolhardy to sacrifice national

interest by allowing foreigners to obtain Nigeria patent registration for

products not locally made but imported into the country for sale.

As Professor Ezekwe Points out, such a Nigeria patent does not only give a

trading monopoly to foreign manufactured goods, but also prevents local

entrepreneurs from contemplating to produce such goods. The existing

[word indistinct] at systems thus works to the detriment of the nation and

needs some remodification.

/9274

CSO: 3400/327

44
FUEL TANKER DRIVERS STRIKE IN ENUGU

JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

NIGERIA

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 11 Oct 85 p 16

[Article by Festus Obi, Osita Agu]

[Text] '"THE fuel stations were dry.

* Tanker drivers were not

working. But there is petrol at

the NNPC depot. "The

stations will continue to be dry

until the police allow the

drivers to operate with "wyrnout tyres, pending when they

have money to buy new ones".

At a meeting held at Emene,

near Enugu, the Petrol

Tankers' Owners s»nd Drivers'

Union resolved to continue their

current strike until they were

allowed to operate.

They also resolved to meet'

the Anambra State

Commissioner of Police on the

.ssue adding that in July, this

year, he had assured them that

the police would not harass

them over the issue of wom-out

tyres.

One of the delegates to the

police commissioner said he

was surprised at the current

check on them after the

commissioner had promised

that they would not be

disturbed until they were able

to procure new tyres in the face

of acute scarcity.

, The union threatened to takt

a legal action against what it

called wanton harassment by

the police, arguing that more

than 40 of its members had got

the police contravention notes

on the issue.

They urged the government

to rr.ake it-possible for tankers

owners to buy tyres at control

prices and that, until this is

done, the government should

tiiiow tr.em to operate.

A survey on some fuel

stations in Enugu and Onitsha,

revealed that, the strike was

gradually affecting commercial

activities as many commercial

vehicles had been grounded

and commuters faced a hike in

transportation fares.

When asked if actually the

police commissioner granted

some months of grace to the

tanker drivers, the state police

public relations officer, Mr

Olayinka B. Balogun, denied

having any official knowledge

ofsuch concession.

/9274

CSO: 3400/328

45
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

PROSPECTS FOR LOCALLY PRODUCED AIRCRAFT

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 9 Oct 85 p 12

[Text] The senior president of Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm, Mr. Kurt Pfleiderer, has said his company was looking into the possibility and potentialities

of manufacturing aircraft locally in Nigeria.

Mr. Pfleiderer said this in an interview with the Daily Times last night on

arrival at the Murtala Muhammed Airport.

MBB, manufacturer and supplier of the Nigeria Airforce and NEPA's B0105 helicopters also engages in the exploration and supply of solar energy.

Mr. Pfleiderer stressed that he was in the country to assess the operations

of his company In Nigeria and to discuss with government officials on areas of

improvement.

He added that his company would explore the possibility of adding local materials right now in the production of the aircraft.

The company which started its operations in Nigeria in 1973 does the maintenance of the BO 105 helicopters for NAF and NEPA locally here, and training of

their personnel.

The vice president also disclosed that he was in the country to find out how

"we could expand partnership in the country."

NBB philosophy, the vice president said, was "worldwide co-operation, inclusion of local contents, maintenance and production of the aircraft."

The company a German-owned with about 38,000 employees was according to Mr.

Pfleiderer founded in 1931, started full operations in 1963 and was sold over

1,000 aircraft world-wide.

The company, according to the vice president needed the assistance and support

of Nigerian government to enable it expand its products' lines in the country.

/9274

CSO: 3400/323

46
COAL CORPORATION DIRECTOR ON COAL RESERVES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 11 Oct 35 p 24

£RS-SSA-85-H7

*-> November 1985

NIGERIA

[Text] NIGERIA has enough coal

to last 900 years even though

only a million tonnes is extracted a year. Managing

Director of the Nigerian Coai

Corporation, Enugu, Mr. R. E.

Ohaneje, has said.

According to Mr. Ohaneje,

at a course on coal, organised

by the University of Port Harcourt in Rivers State, "coai

reserves in the country run into over one billion tonnes."

He said what was really

needed was an effective

energy policy for the country

which could allow for the

overall development and adequate us - of her resources.

An <»rergy policy, he said,

wr .»a allocate specific

markets for all available

resources, each to an area

where it would be most suited.

Mr. Ohaneje warned against

the mistake of putting all our

energy eggs in one basket and

called for the diversification

of the country's power supply

base.

The managing director indicated that his corporation

was improving its production

of coal by concentrating efforts in open-cast mining.

This year alone, he said,

more than one million tonnes

of coal had been exposed and

were now awaiting evacuation

to their customers.

He called for the establishment of more coal fired thermal power stations in the

country and also a carbonization plant to produce by products of coal and raw

materials for other industries.

/9274

CSO: 3400/328

47
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTS ON POSSIBLE U.S. AID TO UNITA

MB060846 Johannesburg International Service in English 2100 GMT 5 Nov 85

[Station commentary]

[Text] The United States is now very rapidly taking a firm stand on what

is happening in Angola. In its most recent statement, the Reagan

Administration has let it be known that it plans a final intensive

negotiating effort with the Angolan Government, but threatens major

military support for UNITA if Luanda does not respond to Washington's views.

Observers see this as setting the scene for active support for Dr Jonas

Savimbi, where he is resisting Soviet aggression in Angola. The reason

for American interest in events in Angola is clear. Not only is the Soviet

Union becoming more directly involved in the Angolan war, but the entire

drive towards bringing Namibia to an internationally recognized state of

independence is being jeopardized by the huge Cuban presence in Angola.

The United States has already "stated that there can be no independence in

Namibia until agreement has been reached on the Cuban withdrawal from

Angola. The Luanda government, on the other hand, is being propped up by

the Cubans, and there is no way that it will permit a Cuban withdrawal

until the MPLA's troubles with UNITA have been sorted out.

Within the MPLA as well, there are divisions, with one group in the

central committee favoring negotiations with UNITA, while the radical

elements want to defeat UNITA on the battlefield. With this in mind,

the radicals persuaded the government to launch an all-out attempt upon

UNITA this year. The offensive fell flat on its face, with the FAPLA

forces suffering severe losses and forced into an inglorious retreat.

Now an even worse prospect lies ahead for FAPLA. Should the United States

decide to provide open and massive military support to UNITA, it will

enhance the possibility of Dr Savimbi's forces scoring a military victory.

It will then be receiving support not only from the United States, but

from South Africa as well; and it could well be that other Western states

will follow the example of the United States.

In brief, the MPLA government is faced with a grave situation. In December

it holds its general conference, with the hand of the moderates (vastly)

strengthened because of the failure of the radicals. Hopefully the right

decision is taken, and the war is replaced with negotiation.

/12640

CSO: 3400/358 48
^RS-SSA-85-117

* > November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. AID. TO UNITA, CUBAN TROOP PRESENCE VIEWED „ .

MB060546 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 6 Nov 85

[Station commentary: "Reassessment of Angola"]

[Text] For some time now there have been indications that the-Reagan

Administration has been undertaking a far-reaching review of its policy on

Angola with respect to the Cuban military presence there. Particular

attention is said to have been paid to the role of the UNITA movement,

on which — in the diplomatic approach adopted until now — American

spokesmen have been careful to avoid taking any position. Among the

recent pointers to a change have been the growing pressures by Reagan

supporters in Congress to provide aid to UNITA. Even the State

Department, opposed to such aid and strongly committed* to the purely

diplomatic approach, felt constrained to concede in a statement last month

that, in principle, UNITA's efforts to resist Soviet designs in Angola

were supported.

This weekend the administration itself went much further than that. It

agreed not to support a R68 million aid proposal for UNITA, in order to

give the secretary of state, Mr George Shultz, another opportunity to try

to negotiate a Cuban withdrawal with Luanda. While doing so, however, a

policy declaration for the first time explicitly recognized the status of

UNITA as a national movement fighting foreign intervention in Angola. The

statement refers to UNITA's resistance to Soviet aggression and says the

United States should sympathize with and support the movement.

At the same time apparently leaked reports have been appearing in leading

newspapers, about proposals for covert military aid to UNITA, amounting to

as much as R750 million, in the form of anti-tank and anti-aircraft missiles,

On the face of it the statement signals a substantial change of course in

the American initiative to get the Cubans out of Angola. For some months

now the diplomatic efforts have evidently been deadlocked, Dr Chester

Crocker recently having accused both Pretoria and Luanda of a lack of

serousness in pursuing them. And for much longer than months there has

been no visible progress at all in achieving an objective which the Reagan

administration laid down S years ago as fundamental to the realisation of

its aims in southern Africa.

49
President Reagan himself last month estimated that there were now 35,000

Cubans in Angola — twice as many as at Independence 9 years ago.

Soviet surrogate troops in Angqla have been seen by successive American

governments as deeply disruptive to East-West relations. Dr Henry

Kissinger, then secretary of ritate in the Ford Administration, said as

much when the Cubans arrived in the country in 1975. Angola represented

a breakthrough for the Kremlin in Africa.

For the first time it was able to establish a strong military foothold in

a strategically important region, and in .doing so injected, in the words

of Mr George Shultz, an East-West dimension into regional conflicts.

It was in response to that perception that the Reagan Administration

committed itself to securing a Cuban withdrawal. If the latest developments

in Washington are in fact an earnest of a renewed determination to translate

long-standing policy declarations into reality, they will certainly be

welcomed in Southern Africa. In the affairs of the region, quite as much

as in international affairs, the removal of Cuban troops from Angola is,

on a variety of issues, a prerequisite for the peaceful resolution of

differences and prospects for co-operation. It is a condition, in

particular, for the democratic independence of South West Africa. No

doubt it is still too early though to speculate on such implications of

the reassessment.

/12640

CSO: 3400/358

50
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NUM SAYS ANGLO AMERICAN ASSURANCES 'UNTRUE'

MB041604 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1543 GMT 4 Nov 85

[Text] Johannesburg, Nov 4 SAPA — The National Union of Mineworker.s

[NUM] said today its shaft stewards reported assurances by a senior Anglo

American official that pipes carrying "disabling gas to miners' quarters

at Western Deep Levels mine had been dismantled were untrue.

NUM said in a statement released in Johannesburg today: "This morning a

senior official of the AAC [Anglo-American Corporation] informed the

union that they have dismantled them, but information from shaft stewards

says this is not true."

NUM has repeatedly demanded the dismantling of the "disabling gas" pipes,

but management had refused.

NUM said the purpose of "disabling" gas at Western Deep was to "smash"

legitimate strikes, in an industry which operated more like a military

camp than an industrial undertaking.

Mining companies had been stockpiling ammunition and "hardware" to deal

with strikes, NUM said.

"This was clear during the legal strike in September, where workers were

forced back to work at gunpoint.

"The use of hippos and other armoured vehicles is also common practice.

"The use of disabling gas through the ventilation system is one of the

measures used by mining companies to break up and suppress legitimate

industrial action by workers.

"The comment by the former Australian prime minister, Malcolm Fräser, that

disabling gas is pumped through the ventilation system into mineworkers'

living quarters at Eastern Deep Levels gold mine comes as no surprise to

the National Union of Mineworkers.

51
"It has required the comments of a prominent international figure to

provide substance for what is well known by mineworkers.

"And this remains the tip of the iceberg of atrocities on the mines.

"The claims that the disabling gas is used to control riot situations,

tribal conflicts and protect company property are absolutely ridiculous.

"Their primary purpose is to smash strikes undertaken by workers in

pursuit of legitimate grievances.

"The claims by Anglo American Corporation of a liberal labour policy seems

extremely hard to believe."

/12640

CSO: 3400/358

52
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PRINCIPALS CRITICIZE STUDENT MOVEMENT ON ATTACKS

MB041824 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1726 GMT 4 Nov 85

[Text] Cape Town, Nov 4, SAPA—The Secondary School Principals

Association [SSPA] comprising 40 secondary school principals in the

Cape Peninsula, has criticized the student movement for "unwarranted

attacks" on the integrity of some high school principals. The organisation

was formed on October 14 to establish an organisational forum for the

"discussion and examination of the critical issues facing secondary

education at present."

It said that while being "sympathetic and respectful" to the aims of the

student movement, it regretted the attacks on the integrity of high

school principals, "albeit isolated, which occurs from time to time from

these quarters." A -statement released by the SSPA did not elaborate

on the nature of the attacks nor did it identify the source.

The association said it stood for a "single, non-racial Department of

Education in an open society and the eradication of all racist and

discriminatory measures in education and society at large."

It expressed its "utter dismay" at the widespread detentions of teachers,

students and community leaders because such actions were "anathema to

democracy and justice."

"More especially the SSPA must express its vehement condemnation of the

detention of the principal of the Aloe Secondary School, Mr Penn Hendricks."

It said the oppressive actions smacked of insensitivity to the underlying

causes fuelling the unrest situation, and only served to exacerbate the

growing polarisation in South African society and aligned itself with

the struggle towards a just political dispensation and a unitary system

of education.

/12640

CSO: 3400/358

53
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 198J

SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE CONFIRM ARREST OF CAPE CIVIC GROUPS LEADER

MB041800 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1756 GMT 4 Nov 85

[Text] Cape Town Nov 4 SAPA — The chairman of the Federation of Cape

Civic Associations, Mr Arbrey Haupt, has been detained under the

emergency regulations.

Police headquarters in Pretoria today confirmed Mr Haupt's detention.

Mr Haupt was reported to have been detained at his workplace in Maitland

on Friday.

Several other detentions over the weekend were reported but police have

not confirmed them and in terms of the emergency regulations their names

may not be published until they are confirmed.

The National Executive of the Food and Canning Workers Union today expressed

its "outrage" at the detention of Miss Lizzie Phike, its national organiser

in the food and vegetable processing industry.

Ms Phike had been involved in civic affairs in her home area of Mbekweni,

Paarl, but because of her work she had hardly been at home over the last

two months.

"Her detention shows the absurdity of the government's claim that it is

trying to maintain law and order," the union said in a statement.

"It shows they are detaining people who are prominent in their community —

and they are the very people it should be negotiating with.

"We call for her release and the release of all other detainees."

Miss Phikwe was the first national official to have been detained since

Mr Oscar Mpetha and her detention seriously affected the ability of the

union fed function» a union spokesman said.

He also said the union's national executive had called for the release of

Mr Mpetha from jail.

/12640

CSO: 3400/358

54
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

THE STAR DEFENDS ITSELF AGAINST ITN ATTACK

MB030622 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Nov 85 p 2

[Text] With more media curbs in the offing, Britain's Independent

Television News (ITN) service has chosen to attack THE STAR for playing

down the news. THE STAR has protested to ITN about its distorted report.

ITN's Johannesburg correspondent Peter Sharp suggested in a telecast that

the government might want the foreign media to "adopt the news priorities"

displayed by THE STAR.

Mr Sharp held up a copy of THE STAR and said: "On the day that saw seven

people killed in township unrest this newspaper led on the weather.

"To find out what was happening in the state of emergency readers had to

turn to page three.

"These are the news priorities that the Government would like to see the

foreign media adopt."

Sharp's report made no mention* :of the fact that South Africa has been in •

the grip of a drought which, had it continued, would have threatened

starvation for thousands and severely compounded the country's economic

problems.

Nor did he say that the seven deaths occured in unrelated incidents in

somewhat distant parts of the country where details were not immediately

available. Nor did he point out that THE STAR has been reporting on

violence almost daily for nearly a year.

THE STAR has protested to Britain's ITN, the editor of THE STAR said: "We

are jealous of our reputation for honest reporting, and we cannot allow

the facts to be so badly distorted without seeking redress. It was a cheap

shot.

"Why use Wednesday's front page and not last Friday's, for instance, when

for the umpteenth time we had banner headlines about unrest — and no less

than seven of the eight front page stories were oh the subject?"

55
THE STAR told ITN: "Dispute our news judgments if you will, but we demand

accuracy if you attack our reputation. We are prepared to show, any

place, any time, that THE STAR has refused, publicly to 'tone down the

news' and has reported every item of unrest it has been able to cover.

Our black reporters especially have shown incredible bravery as well

as professionalism in reporting the news."

/12640

CSO: 3400/358

56
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RAGE INSTITUTE REPORTS ON NATIONAL POLITICAL VIOLENCE

MB040657 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0407 GMT 4 Nov 85

[Embargoed until 100 GMT]

[Text] Johannesburg, Nov 4» SAPA— The death rate.in political violence

has been drastically reduced in the Port Elizabeth [PE]/UITENHAGE area

and on the East Rand since the emergency was declared on 21st July, the

South African Institute of Race Relations said in Johannesburg today.

Natal and the western Cape had replaced PE/UITENHAGE and the East Rand

as the epicentres of political violence, the institute said. There is

no emergency in Natal, while the western Cape was placed under emergency

regulations on 26th October.

The institute said that the death rate in PE/UITENHAGE had been cut from

an average of 0.56 per day in the pre-emergency period to 0.16 per day

after the emergency. On the East Rand it had declined from 0.47 to 0.17.

Country-wide, the death rate in political violence had more than doubled

since the emergency was declared, according to the institute. Deaths

from all causes (including accidental deaths and unknown causes) have

increased from an average of 1.66 per day to 3.41 per day.

The institute said that the total number of fatalities in the 14

months since the violence erupted in the Vaal Triangle at the beginning

of September last year was 834. This compared with a figure of 700 in

the 16 months after Soweto erupted in June 1976.

The institute said bhat security forces accounted for 53 percent of all

fatalities and clashes between residents for 29 percent.

According to the institutes latest race relations survey, released in

Johannesburg, conflict within the black community has become increasingly

common. At least 30 petrol bomb attacks occurred against black town

councillors last year. In the Vaal Triangle four councillors were killed

by enraged crowds during protests against rent increases.

57
The survey says that the cost of living for blacks in the Vaal Triangle

was higher than anywhere else in the country. It cites high inflation and

rising unemployment as among the reasons for the disturbances.

A spokesman for the institute said that black political activists had

appeared to switch their strategy during the course of the disturbances:

stay-aways from work — such as that in November 1984 — had been

replaced by consumer boycotts, notably in the eastern Cape.

/12640

CSO: 3400/358

58
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PORT ELIZABETH BUSINESSMEN SAY REAL REFORM MUST BE LAUNCHED

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 19 Oct 85 p 12

[Text]

The Port Elizabeth Chamber of Commerce steered through this week's 83rd annual congress

of the Association of Chambers of Commerce (Assocom) in Cape Town a motion calling for the

acceleration of the process of constitutional reform in South Africa.

Proposer of the motion was Mr Denis Creighton, a former president of the PE chamber.

Delegates to the congress, which unanimously adopted the motion, believed it sent an important signal Into the world, namely that the biggest business lobby In the country, representing more than 23 000 employers, was committed to fundamental change.

This Is an edited version of Mr Creighton's address:

AT the outset we need to ,

ask ourselves, "Why is this : matter before congress '

today?"

I believe there is general -

acceptance of the content

of the motion. All but extreme radicals on right and i

left will agree with the basic thrust. ' Let us highlight some of

the common ground in the

political debate in South

Africa today:

1 — Acceptance of a

common citizenship for all

South Africans.

2 — The need to include

'. blacks in the political process at all levels, including,

importantly, at central

government level. (As recently as the past weekend

Minister Heunis called for—\ J„„__,

the inclusion of blacks and I .^„„o,, ha, hp,.ome

coloureds in regional gov- •^

ence ^sSe 0f

ernment structures and endemic~

the state of

urged provincial authorities to come forward with

ideas).

3 — Acceptance of the

need to include all people in

the negotiating process.

4 — Agreement on the

principle of an open

agenda.

5 — The opening of business areas to people of all j

races to trade freely.

6 — The need to develop

a positive approach to the

urbanisation process.

However, the reality of

the situation is that the

country has not been able to

break the logjam. Little

meaningful progress has

actually taken place —

even the opening of central

business districts has

dragged interminably.

Blacks especially doubt the

i sincerity of Government intentions.

[ Look at the facts:

• The depression

endemic — the state

emergency continues.

•There is widespread

instability in society.

• Polarisation between

races worsens.

• Consumer boycotts of

businesses continue.

• Foreign political and : economic pressure intensities.

Why, then, given acceptance of the need for political and social reform, is"

no real progress being;

made?

I believe there are two

main stumbling blocks to

reform in South Africa

today.

Firstly, the nature of reform.

The Government position

is that reform must take

place within the system of

separateness — the key exception is reform in the

labour field.

Secondly, the insistence

on pre-conditions and

posturing by various

groups.

On the side of Government — violence must be

rejected before negotiation.

In respect of black

groups we have a reluctance (or refusal?) to deal

with the system.

There is an urgent and

critical need to plot a

course through these two

minefields. I submit that is

why this motion is before

congress today. Assocom,

and all business individually, must become more

involved in moving the process rapidly towards developing meaningful solutions.

I now want to focus on

the first stumbling block —

the nature of reform:

To put the call for reform

into the right context one

needs to try to appreciate

the damage caused by a

policy of discriminating

against a person on the

grounds of race.

Consider the difficulty of

competing on equal terms

for promotion in a non-racial business organisation,

given an inadequate educational background, an upbringing in an impoverished area and a return at

close of business to a predetermined, sub-standard

"township". However will

we be able to truly harness

the human potential of this

country so long as freedom

of choice in schooling, housing and social fields is prohibited by law?

59
Consider, too, the hurt

and anger felt by the majority of the citizens of this

country at having their

lives ordered by a system

which is perceived to be

dishing out to them a

plateful of leftovers.

Businessmen have the

experience of operating in

the one environment which,

to a large extent, has been

normalised in recent years.

Practices based on race

have been outlawed and

discriminatory laws phased

out. I believe this is.an

experience which can serve

as a model to society at

large. De-segregation has

worked in the workplace —

why not in other areas?

History must prove that

the forced separation of

population groups through

law has been the biggest ;

obstacle to working out a

:

common destiny. We have, '

quite frankly, grown up to

misunderstand each other

and in complete ignorance

of each other's desires, as- ;

pirations and fears. We

never could, and in 1985

especially cannot, justify , the prevention of voluntary

association and freedom of

choice in all spheres. Indeed, there is a need to actively strive to find each

other in all areas of life.

Government has acknowledged the common

destiny of all South Africans in a unified South

Africa under a common

citizenship. This must be

welcomed and used as a

beacon to guide other reform.

Let us systematically remove from the statutes all

laws which make the implementation of this principle impossible. This includes the Group Areas

Act, influx control and all

other legislation

discriminating on the

grounds of race.

Reform must not be

aimed at improving discriminatory laws — it must

remove them. It is no

longer appropriate to"

research and debate them

— this country wants to see

real progress, not to hear

rhetoric.

No longer can we tinker

with apartheid — we must

* dismantle it now. There is

strong evidence to suggest

that until real change in respect of these fundamental

issues occurs, we will be

unable to move forward

into the negotiation phase

with credible black leaders.

A bold approach is

needed to get ahead of the

situation. Reform should be

seen as a desirable process

rather than merely a

necessary one, if we are to

build a unified, strong and

just society. A common destiny cannot be achieved by

separating people or accentuating differences. We

must identify, nurture and

build on our commonality.

What are the major

areas of commonality?

• A common birthright

• A love of South Africa

• A desire for a common

citizenship

•Interdependence economically

• A desire for peace and

security

• A need to be accepted

back into the world community

•A basic commitment

to a faith in God.

I am not naive enough to

believe that there are not

deep divisions in society —

there are. Some of these are

caused by fundamental differences in ideology, some

by the deep hurts inflicted

by unfair and discriminatory laws and practices.

Let us also bear in mind

that many of the divisions

are within groups rather

than between groups.

Given broad acceptance

of the principle of negotiation, why are we not yet in a

situation of meeting around

the table, working out our

destiny with all people participating? Firstly, Government has continued to insist

on the rejection of violence

as a means of promoting

change.

I believe violence is fundamentally rejected by all

reasonable people. However, in South Africa today

violence is a fact of life.

Negotiation should be

seen as a means to achieve

the transition rather than a

process commenced after

violence ceases. Anything

else is a blocking mechanism and ignores the reality

of the situation.

Similarly we have many

black leaders and groups

refusing to negotiate with;

the Government as they do

not wish to be seen dealing

with the "system". Here

again the reality is that the

"system" is in place, how- i ever unjust of faulty it is. I j

believe negotiation is the

only lasting way in which,

true change can be

achieved without destroying a common future.

All parties must be pre-!

pared to take a step for-'

ward in faith and confidence.

This congress and this

body must now assist in developing a formula to facilitate true negotiation

with all leaders.

How can the private sec-

' tor help in this process?

Firstly, business is the

one area where statutory

discrimination on the

grounds of race has been

largely removed. Therefore, we in business have

had a favourable experi-

.ence of working together

equally and accordingly

have developed certain

skills in dealing with people

fairly.

Secondly, business has in

recent years developed important negotiating skills in

the arena of labour relations. In many instances

labour leaders are also

political leaders.

Experiences gained

around the labour negotiating table can be extended to

assist around the political

negotiating table.

This body has already

made a constructive contribution to the political reform process with the Lombard document. We must

continue to be involved in

researching and developing

various political options.

We need, today, to consider ways of harnessing

and employing the skills

and drive of businessmen in

the critical task of commencing the process of mediation and political negotiation.

Finally, let us acknowl-'

edge that time is no longer,

running out for South

Africa — it has run out. We

need to get to grips with the

real problems now, no

matter how difficult and

complex they are. To defer

these issues to another time

is to abdicate our responsibility to ourselves, society

and our children.

' .< Assocom has a long and

proud history. Let us today

decide to intensify the efforts already made on behalf of all business. Let it be

said that when South Africa

really needed to find direction and hope, Assocom and

all businessmen provided

the vision and impetus to

bring all people of this

country together to build a

country worthy of its heritage and potential.

There is a path forward

— it is rocky and rough,

there is danger, there will

be those who, for selfish

gain, will attack, but South

Africa can make it through:

Provided we are courageous, honest and fair to all.

Provided we are prepared to share those things

we value most.

Provided we act now;

and.

Provided we accept that

all men are equal in the

eyes of God.

60
Congress Motion

This congress

—supporting the need for political reform in South Africa, but

—believing that securing a new constitutional dispensation to accommodate

blacks in decision-making structures up to the highest level has now become

a matter of great urgency, urges that:

1. The reform process should be accelerated to the maximum.

2. A formula be found to enable all accepted black leaders to participate

in constitutional discussions and negotiations.

3. The private sector should play a constructive role to facilitate a process of mediation and political negotiation.

/9274

CSO: 3400/378

61
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW BASE OPENED FOR 115 BATTALION IN KWANDEBELE

Pretoria PARATUS in English Oct 85 pp 4-5

[Text] Friday, 30 August, 1985 was a proud day for the Ndebele nation.

On that day the new 115 Battalion base was officially opened at Shanandoua

in KwaNdebele.

115 Battalion is being prepared by the SA Defence Force to become the

KwaNdebele army of the future. The occasion was marked by a full day of

events held at the base and attended by Chief Minister S.S. Skosana,

members of the KwaNdebele cabinet and military guests.

When the KwaNdebele cabinet opted for independence, the need was foreseen

for an army of its own. On 25 "January 1985, 115 Battalion came into being

as a regional unit with its own base and trained personnel. After independence the troops at 115 Bn will be deployed as the KwaNdebele Defence

Force.

The unit's present base is situated on an old farm 20 km north east of the

capital city Slyabuswa, set against the Molapo wa Mogale mountains in an

area known as Shanandoua, and is reached by a perilous dirt road.

The KwaNdebele Department of Works, 5 Military Works Unit and the troops

of 115 Battalion, under the supervision of the building supervisor, Lt P.J.

Brink, put in many long hours to transform the farm buildings into military

facilities.

The troops of 115 Bn were trained at 21 Battalion as COIN rural and urban

troops. Some underwent specialised training as storemen, medics, signallers

and chefs.

Asked about his troops, Cmdt E.G. deWitt, the Officer Commanding, said:

"They are going to be good troops. We are going to make very good troops

of them."

Not all the troops are Ndebele, but they will take out KwaNdebele citizenship before independence. Another 80 troops will be chosen at a later

stage. The KwaNdebele Department of Internal Affairs has already received

100 applications from young Ndebeles eager to join in the defence of their

nation.

62
115 Bn already has two Ndebele NCOs—S Sgt T. Mhlangu and L Cpl L'.F.

Ledwaba.

In his address the Chief Minister, Mr S.S. Skosana told the troops:

"Your primary duty will be to assist in the maintenance of law and order

and to be ready to volunteer your services without compulsion. You should

not project the image of a threat to the community. Rather present yourselves as law enforcement officers who serve God and the Nation. The

government of KwaNdebele .and the Ndebele nation are looking up to you for

their hope and faith in the future."

Mr Skosana also said that the young Ndebele would be accepted to their

nation only if they receive training that is equal to international

standards. The Ndebele have always been a peace loving nation, he said.

Mr Skosana paid tribute to the chief of the SADF Gen C.-L. Viljoen and the

Chief of the South African Army Lt Gen J.J. Geldenhuys, for allowing and

assisting KwaNdebele to establish its own defence force.

He congratulated Col A.C. Slabbert who masterminded Project Postal which

saw the fledgling unit established. On "this brave venture," he said, "We

entrust our youth to your caring and loving custody."

Lt Gen Geldenhuys paid KwaNdebele a visit in June this year. He visited

115 Bn as well as a number of dams which the SADF is helping the KwaNdebele

Department of Agriculture to build.

115 Battalion is also heavily involved with nature conservation. There is

considerable game on the farm. The adjacent area belongs to the KwaNdebele

government and will be used as a game reserve.

On 30 August the festivities kicked off with soccer matches against

KwaNdebele Police and 21 Battalion. As if to prove a point, the 115 Bn

teams trounced their opponents.

At 14h00 the Chief Minister arrived and a very impressive parade got

underway soon afterwards. Three members of the Special Forces Skydiving

team thrilled the crowd of more than 400 with a colourful display, jumping

from 12 500 feet.

It was obvious that the men of 115 Battalion had put a lot of hard work

into preparing for the opening of their base. This was no more evident

than during the drill competition contested by four platoons. The judges,

who had an unenviable task, chose platoon 4, drilled by S Sgt D. Mhlangu,

as the winner.

Prizes were awarded for best sportsman (L.M. Tshabala), best student during

basics (P.E. Ntuli) and the best shottist (M.F. Mayila).

Other highlights of a day packed with activities included a 60 mm mortar

display, PT display, mock attack and a demonstration of close combat

fighting.

/9317

CS0: 3400/362

63
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

32 BATTALION FIRST UNIT TO RECEIVE COLOR IN OPERATIONAL AREA

Pretoria PARATUS in English Oct 85 p 26

[Text] The Chief of the South African Army, Lt Gen J.J. Geldenhuys,

presented 32 Battalion, which has the best fighting record in the South

African Defence Force since World War II, with its black, green and gold

colour at an equally colourful ceremony held on 27 August 1985.

The ceremony was attended by many ex-members of 32 Battalion, as well as

a number of SAAF pilots who had worked closely with 32 Bn in combat.

Also present were three former officers commanding, who with the present

OC, Col E.G. Viljoen, have been instrumental in making 32 Battalion the

outstanding unit that it is. They are Col J.D. Breytenbach (1976-March 77),

Brig G. Nel (March 1977-78) and Col D. Ferreira (1979-82). The impressive

parade fully justified the long distances travelled by the many ex-members,

VIPs and a large Press contingent.

In his speech, Lt Gen Geldenhuys paid tribute to the members of the unit,

especially the more than 150 who had died in action. "As Bravo Group you

fought the enemy with what you had at your disposal, wherever you were,

and you are still doing so as 32 Battalion—to such an extent that you have

earned respect within the South African Defence Force and spread fear

amongst the hostile forces across the border," he said. "You have indeed

become a force which is able to take on any type of enemy."

Lt Gen Geldenhuys exhorted present members to maintain the high standards

which the battalion had set itself in the past. "May your colour always

be carried with respect, pride and dignity," he said as he formally presented

32 Bn with its new colour.

Members of the battalion formed three sides of a square as the colour was

uncased and handed over to a proud 32 Battalion. The parade was also the

first occasion on which the new company flags were paraded. The battalion

impressed the crowd with its precise drilling during the march-past with

Lt Gen Geldenhuys taking the salute. The South West. Africa Task Force

Band provided the music.

64
32 Battalion originated during the 1975 Angolan war. FNLA (Forcas

Nacional de Liberacao de Angola) forces who were fighting the Marxist

MPLA were placed under South African officers. After the Angolan war

they were settled at the current Buffalo base as refugees. On 27 March 1976,

what was to become 32 Battalion was incorporated into the SADF as Bravo Group

with Col Jan Breytenbach as the first commander.

It has since been utilised in a number of conventional, semi-conventional,

COIN and guerilla roles. The unit has taken part in such operations as

Seiljag, Bucksaw, Rekstok, Kropduif, Juliet, Safraan, Reindeer,- Meebos,

Daisy, Super, Dolfyn, Carnation, Protea and Askari.

Many of the original members of FNLA still form the core of 32 Bn's NCOs.

Portuguese is one of the battalion's three official languages. Lt Gen

Geldenhuys delivered part of his speech in fluent Portuguese.

The background of the unit colour is rifle green with the fringe in black

and gold, the colours of the South African Infantry Corps. In the centre

is the unit badge, a silver buffalo head with two crossed arrows with a

scroll underneath the buffalo head. Large herds of buffalo are found in

the vicinity of the 32 Battalion training base.

The motto, "Proelio Procusi" means "Forged in Battle," a reminder of the

fact that the battalion originated during the Angolan war. 32 Battalion

continues to prove its mettle in battle.

After the parade, guests were treated to a sumptuous buffet lunch on the

lawns outside the battalion HQ overlooking the Kavango River.

Col Viljoen said in his speech that each and every member of the unit had

contributed to its proud record. He said, "We that are here are few, but

those that are here are effective. They are productive; they are fanatically loyal. We have a winning team and we are going to win this war in

South West Africa."

/9317

CSO: 3400/362

65
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

101 BATTALION COMMEMORATES THOSE WHO DIED IN ACTION

Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English Oct 85 p 25

[Text] 101 Battalion started off in 1974 as 1 Ovambo Battalion with the

original task of protecting the head men and the workers of the Ovambo

Administration. Two years later in 1976 elements of the force received

their first formal military training with 21 Battalion which is based at

Lenz, near Johannesburg. In 1978 now at company strength, the name was

once again changed and the Battalion began to become known as a fighting

unit. Operating from Mahenene, at company strength, numerous successful

contacts were made with enemy forces.

In September 1980 the last name change took place and the unit became

101 Battalion and at this stage the role of the Battalion was switched to

a support formation that was to supply trackers and inerpreters to other

operational battalions and units working in Ovamboland.

In 1981 command was assumed by the present O.C. Cmdt W.H. Welgemoed

and an expansion programme was introduced to both increase the size of

the unit and develop the necessary infrastructure. In October 1982, the

first 5 Reaction Force teams were deployed in the Operational Area by

the Battalion and during the following month while engaged in operation

"Opskop" they achieved many successes against the enemy and completed the

operation as the most successful unit. These successes proved to be the

turning point for the Vambo soldiers and the battalion and during 1983 a

large number of volunteers were attested. These increases continued until

the present time and 101 Battalion now consists of 6 Infantry type companies,

backed up by 1 Equestrian, 1 combined Tracker and interpreter, 1 Support

and a Civic Action company.

On 8 September 1985, 101 Battalion's Memorial to commemorate the 39 members

of the unit who have been killed in action was unveiled by the General

Officer Commanding the South West African Territorial Force, Major General

G.L. Meiring, SSAS, at the unit's headquarters at Ondangwa.

/9317

CS0: 3400/362

66
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

FRANZ JOSEF' STRAUSS ON APARTHEID, ONE MAN-ONE VOTE

Duesseldorf HANDELSBLATT in German 25 Sep 85 p 13

[Article by Franz Josef Strauss, CDU chairman and Bavarian Minister

President: "One Must Recognize Who Pulls the Strings and Profits from

Unrest in the Republic at the Cape"]

[Text] The subject of South Africa is too serious, and the problems

connected with it are too far-reaching in their global effects to be made

the object of foreign policy stratagems and ambiguities. When responsible

and resolute political action is called for, noncommittal evasion can only

be the wrong approach. A policy which takes its responsibility seriously

must not bend to every whiff of the alleged "spirit of the times" and

exhaust itself in fawning complaisance. Whoever in Europe overlooks how

much is at stake in South Africa for the people there, for the entire

continent, and also for international politics, and who is unable to

realize just who are the string-pullers and profiteers of revolutionary

development at the Cape, demonstrates a lack of political insight and

awareness of contexts.

Our positions vis-a-vis the situation and development in the Republic of

South Africa are known.

1. The present wave of violence and murder will make the road of a

peaceful solution to South Africa's complex problems impassable. State

President Botha has purposefully embarked on this road, against fierce

resistance in his own party and among segments of the white population.

The dramatic deterioration of the situation must be of deep concern to

anyone who wants to make a real contribution so that southern Africa will

find the way, in accordance with its own nature, to a future of peace and

freedom, economic well-being and social security.

Apartheid Must Be Dismantled

2. On the basis of the CSU's set of values and my own personal attitude, I

am a decided advocate of dismantling apartheid. For this reason I have,

for many years and in many talks with governments of the Republic of South

Africa, made my contribution to the implementation of reforms which would

have been unthinkable even a few years ago. It cannot be denied that

important progress has been made in removing general apartheid. The dis67
mantling of wage discrimination, elimination of reserving jobs for Whites,

equal pay for equal work, job training for non-white youths, joint use of

public installations, and not least of all the dismantling of discriminatory legislation, such as the law forbidding marriage and banning sexual

relations between Non-whites and Whites, and the new citizenship law are

important steps on the way to total abolition of general apartheid. The

remnants of general apartheid must be further dismantled until it is

eliminated entirely.

"One Man-One Vote" Is Not a_ Panacea

3. Political apartheid cannot be overcome through quick introduction of

the "one man-one vote" system. New ways must be looked for and found, in

' order to have non-white population groups participate in the political

decision-making process of the country's leadership without opening the

road to revolutionary upheavals. Those who, out of ignorance of the facts,

disregard these connections and want to bring about by force realization

of the "one man-one vote" demand overnight, are either unable or unwilling

to recognize the incalculable and irresponsible consequences and thus are

co-responsible for the preparation of a looming civil war whose losers

would have to be the people in Africa, its winners the strategists in the

Kremlin.

4. We reject white racism as we reject black racism. It must be the selfevident aim of any democratic order to acknowledge the equality of all

human beings and to give it expression in the country's life. But it would

be irresponsible and probably not in the well-understood interest of the

colored and black population to close one's eyes to the difficulties

arising for the political future of the Republic of South Africa and its

economic and agricultural productive capacity from the side-by-side

existence of different ethnic groups with differing cultures and

traditions, ethics and morality, even a differing sense of justice; and

furthermore, many tribes are inimical to each other.

Against Forced Formal Equality

5. It holds true for the Republic of South Africa that a forced formal

equality serves neither justice nor freedom, but rather opens the way to

chaos and would thus destroy in a short time the cultural, economic and

social achievements so laboriously attained by all population groups,

including Blacks. It conjures up the danger of a bloodbath the likes of

which the African continent has not yet experienced. Especially those in

Europe, for whom peaceful evolution in South Africa is too slow and who

therefore are willing to accept revolutionary developments, must be aware

that the only reason why misery and hunger do not demand hundreds of

thousands or even millions of victims from many of South Africa's neighboring states is the fact that South Africa's productive agriculture

supplies the necessary foodstuffs.

6. Whoever insists on immediate realization of maximum demands without ifs

and buts, opens the gate to civil war, violence and decline. There is not

68
only a black-white- and colored-white problem, but also a black-black and

black-colored problem. With the end of security and order, the battle of

the tribes would also start in South Africa. Death, misery and poverty

would be the result. One Lebanon really ought to be enough; the world does

not need a second bloody trouble spot of that kind, especially of a much

larger dimension.

7. European, and therefore German, policy must be based on these facts and

contexts. That is why the problem of overcoming political apartheid is so

difficult. It cannot be the business of responsible Western policy to

force the Republic of South Africa onto a road which,in a very short time,

would lead to conditions as we see them today in Zimbabwe, the former

Rhodesia. Western hopes and illusions did not materialize there. Head of

state Mugabe has now openly declared as his goal what he has been carrying

out purposefully for a long time: destruction of the opposition, total

suppression of political and tribal enemies to the point of extermination,

and creation of a one-party state ruled by dictatorship on a MarxistLeninist basis.

This policy in a very short time resulted in Zimbabwe, once a country

with a flourishing economy and exporting agriculture, being turned into a

recipient country for development aid.

8. The solution to Africa's real problems can only be attained on the road

of evolution, not that of revolution. In my numerous talks with almost all

black political leaders, I have not yet found one who did not agree with

me on this point. For this reason, the West must be a helper in the

struggle for peace and adjustment and not a puppet for revolutionary

strategies whose irresponsibility is hidden behind mellow concepts but

which, after closer study and careful analysis, show the handwriting of

Moscow.

9. If Moscow were to succeed in gaining control over the raw material

reserves in southern Africa which are important for the free world,

indispensable for Western Europe, and vital for the existence of the FRG,

it would be the real master of Europe—without firing a shot. For this

reason, the future of Western Europe in peace and freedom is also decided

in southern Africa. He who keeps silent about the genocide in Afghanistan

and Kampuchea, the horrifying events in Uganda and other black countries

of Africa, or only makes colorless obligatory statements about them, does

not then have the moral right to lament over allegedly outrageous

conditions in South Africa.

10. 'It must be the task of Western, European and German policy, dedicated

to uphold peace and freedom, to encourage the present South African

government with State President Botha at its helm to continue a brave

policy, carried out against strong internal political and party

resistance, and to provide lasting support.

69
A Touchstone for the Bonn Coalition

All in all, and to repeat in summary: the subject of South Africa is too

serious and the problems connected with it are too important to be

delivered up to cheap tactical moves of internal politics. Because the CSU

takes its responsibility seriously, it is not available as a partner in

this game. In this light, South Africa is a touchstone and a test for the

Bonn coalition's capacity for action and responsibility. The CSU will make

its contribution so that the test will be passed.

9917

CSO: 3420/9

70
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

'ONLY SURVIVING ELECTED UDF OFFICIAL IN EASTERN CAPE SPEAKS

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 25-31 Oct 85 p 4

[Interview with Stone Sizane, only elected UDF official in the Eastern Cape

who is still alive and free]

[Text] IT was strange for the articulate

Eastern Cape orator and leader to be a

roadside spectator at the march-past

of the movement he helped sculpture.

So it was last week for Stone Sizane,

publicity secretary of the United

Democratic Front Eastern Cape '

region.

Sizane is the only elected Eastern

Cape UDF official still alive and free.

He still keeps up with publicity and .

other UDF work while hiding from

the state.

He went underground and started

running — started "swimming" in his

words — on July 20, the day a State of

Emergency was declared in the

Eastern Cape.

That day he delivered a fiery speech

at the Cradock funeral of four .

assassinated Eastern Cape leaders. All < were his friends and Matthew Goniwe

was rural organiser on his executive.

Flanked on the platform by Durban -

lawyer Victoria Mxenge — who -

herself was soon to be be assassinated - — he defiantly denounced the State of r

Emergency — and then slipped into

the dusk, apparently headed for some

dusty Karroo dorp to lie low.

He gave his first face-to-face

interview, after 93 days in hiding, to

the Weekly Mail.

Sizane says he lives like a fish in

water — he is the fish, the people his

pond.

He has moved from telephone booth •

to telephone booth, performing hisduties. He had a change of clothing,

stolen while making one quick call.

Occasionally he surfaces, evading an

army of soldiers and police

surrounding the Eastern Cape

townships. They would, he says,

• dearly love to detain him.

At first glance he is unrecognisable.

Gone is-the casual-smart image the

. laboratory technician used to portray.

Instead, Sizane dresses like the vast

majority of people in the Eastern Cape ,

— in simple sidewalk fashion. The

style is definitely "unemployed".

Wearing a rumpled hat, faded pants

and top, he is a Johannes Stefanus

February from the plaas. He lifts a

foot revealing a laughing sole and asks

for glue.

Sizane spent seven years with

Mandela on Robben Island in the

seventies.

In the 30 minutes available to talk to

me before his "comrades" picked him

up, he spoke of life in hiding.

"It is difficult living from one house

to the next. You are kept busy looking

out for soldiers and the Security

Branch."

, He could not attend public meetings,

(which are almost non-existent at the

moment) or go to any institution, shop

or bank for fear of being recognised.

"I am grateful people are so happy

71
to give me shelter, food and clothing.

Some are prepared to give even their

house.

"This is good, because if one is in

hiding and doing the work of the

people, they should give you shelter. .

"You must be like the proverbial

fish in the water. You are the fish and

they are the water."

The UDF was still a force to be

reckoned with: "The government has

failed up to this point to crush it and

will never crush it," he said. # •

"Yesterday's funeral was like no

other under the State of Emergency.

The procession took an hour to pass

— and I am not talking about the

Casspirs and Büffels of the people on ,

rthe side. I am talking about the cadres

' marching on foot, the cars, mini-buses

and buses taking people to the ;

graveyard.

"When you look at how the victims

were killed, shot by soldiers, when

you look at the three-year-old girlI

who is one of the victims, when I read

the speeches and listen to what people .

tell me of the experience of attending

a funeral, then you can sense the anger

ofthe people."

About the ongoing consumer

boycott in the Eastern Cape, he said:

"It has been going well up to now

and is most effective in Port

Elizabeth. Big business was not

feeling it in the beginning, but as the

stocks began to pile up in the

warehouses, as workers had less work «

to do, as profits showed signs of •

decline, then they felt it work.

"The feeling towards negotiations

"now with the leadership was obvious.

The noises they were making in the

media indicated that they were

panicky. They were trying to indicate

to the state that it should be willing to

negotiate.

"We are not considering an end to

the boycott at this stage because the

demands have not been met; the SADF

and police are much more malicious

and vindictive than before, people feel

more anger than they used to and the

state is arrogant towards our demands

— not because of the demands, but

because of their pride in the power

they have and that has corrupted them

until this point,"he said.

Since the State of Emergency was

imposed, Sizane claimed, support for

the UDF had grown.

Being on the run was "very exciting,

but, at the same time, very difficult.

"You don't know what is going to

happen to you next, but you know

; whatever happens to you will be for

:

the benefit of the struggle of the

people.

"It is difficult in the sense that if you

do not have transport, or enough

* resources to keep you going, you have

to fall back on your friends, your

comrades, or supporters of the

organisation.

"But even though they feel they are

part and parcel of you, somehow as a

human being you feel it is hard to go

on. It is only because of the hope we

have of achieving what we are

fighting for, that one feels the strength

to go on.. Hope keeps us going," he

said.

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72
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW GROUP TO PROMOTE NATION'S IMAGE ABROAD

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Oct 85 p 9

[Text]

/9317

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A NEW organisation to

promote South Africa's

image abroad has been

launched on the Reef,

with ambitious plans to

expand countrywide.

The organisation, to be

know as Otasa the Organisation for Truth about

South Africa, has no political affiliations and will

operate on a non-profit

basis.

The chairman, Miss -

Janis van der Westhuizen,

told The Citizen that the

organisation would concentrate on recruiting

young members, but was

also open to adults.

Its functions would include the- promotion of

cultural links, the provision of an information service to bring about a

broader understanding of

South African society,

and a lobbying effort in

overseas capitals.

"We're extremely enthusiastic," Miss van der

Westhuizen said, "but we

need members and ideas

to develop Otasa into a

determined national campaign."

Otasa recently sent a

telegram to British Prime

Minister, Mrs Margaret

Thatcher, thanking her

for her stand against

economic sanctions and

asking her to encourage

new investment in South

Africa, thereby speeding

up the reform process.

Additional information

can be obtained by telephoning (011) 946-1080 or

(011) 672-706"l beween

5pm and 8pm.

73
PR EXPERT HITS AT GOVERNMENT'S PUBLIC RELATIONS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Oct 85 p 10

[Text]

A TOP South African

public-relations and advertising expert has

slammed the Government's public relations

and information machinery — and placed much of

the blame for the country's poor -mage on it.

Ms Dcmse Stam, managing director of Grey

Perspectives — one of 16

companies in the international Grey Group — said

that at the same time it

was ironic that South

Africa was now being

hammered to the extent

she was against the growing pattern of change.

"One is tempted to ask

where was the huge orchestrated international

outcry against South Africa over the past 35 years

while the mechanics of

apartheid were being set

up," she said.

"One is tempted to

comment, with a wry

smile, on the hypocrisy

evidenced in sudden international concern at I he

time those same meidianics are being disbanded."

She said the big prciblem was that foreign

countries did not know

how to take South Afri ca

— as a Third World "b anana dictatorship" or a

fully-fledged member of

the First World.

As a "banana republic"

South Africa- should

arouse far less criticism.

As a member of the First

World, she probably deserved the criticism she

was receiving.

In a long criticism of

the state's public relations

and information machinery, published in the latest

"Grey Matter," house

journal of the group, she

said that too often South

Africa tried to whitewash

situations and in the process undermined her

credibility.

The "notorious" Rubicon speech was a classic

example.

Then, she deplored tie

«vay in which the state of

emergency was "announced a "sudden and

harsh appearance" by the

State President. She also

slammed the Government

for not speaking with one

voice. Ministers did not

speak with the same voice

to different constituences

or with the same terminology to the same constituency over a period of

time.

Another criticism

voiced was of the energy

JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

expended on finding different ways of phrasing

the same concepts — and

the frequent changes of

names of departments to

make them sound more

"just".

By changing names

without changing the concepts they defined. South

Africa gained little in the

way of international ere--

dence, she said.

Another particularly

negative South African

plot was the inability to

admit mistakes.

Also, sporadic announcements of reform

over a time interval appeared to be concession

to placate the growing

voice of discontent.

"Rather than being

packaged as a strongly

pro active programme reform is perceived to be reactive."

Then, many senior

State officials appeared

not to understand the notion of public accountability —and in the process

the government had de

veloped a deep-rooted

antagonism to the Press,

Said Ms Stam: "The time

has come to take bold initiative which is action

orientated."

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74
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NATAL ENGLISH SPEAKERS'TURNING MORE TO NATIONAL PARTY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Nov 85 p 5

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

/9317

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CAPETOWN.—English-speaking people in

Natal, which has in the

past been regarded as

"traditional opposition

territory", are increasingly backing the National Party.

Mr Stoffel Botha, Natal

NP leader and Minister of

Home Affairs, said this in

an interview with The

Citizen yesterday following his Port Natal victory,

in which he pushed up the

NP majority.

The increased NP support in Natal ran counter

to the by-election results

in the other three provinces, where the NP majorities were reduced.

Asked how he explained this result, Mr

Botha said: "I would not

have been able to obtain

that support hatf it not

been for the Englishspeaking vote.

"In the past I think Natal's English-speaking

people have not fully

trusted National Party

policy.

"I believe they are now

coming round to realise

we are committed to the

programme we have put

on the table, and that

they can trust us.

"I will certainly go out

of my way to convince

them they are fully justified in backing the National Party."

Mr Botha, who is a former Administrator of Natal, said language played

no part at all in the National Party and this fact

was being recognised by

English-speaking Natalians — this dividing-line

was therefore falling

away.

With the so-called "traditional" reasons for opposing the NP out of the

way, he believed the party would improve its position in the province.

At present the NP

holds 10 of the province's

20 elected seats in the

House of Assembly, with

the Progressive Federal

Party holding six and the

New Republic Party, the

remaining four.

Mr Botha said the Port

Natal result indicated that

the NRP should now wind

up its affairs. "I hope they

will see their way clear to

joining us," Mr Botha

said.

75
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFKiuv

CAPE MUSLIMS TAKE NEW HARD LINE WITH LAW ENFORCERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 31 Oct 85 p 11

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. —

Chants of "Jihad"

(Holy War) are being

shouted at security

forces when they are

present at Moslem funerals in the Cape Peninsula.

While Moslem leaders

say only a small percentage of the Cape Moslem

community are fundamentalists, who believe in

the "Jihad" principle, it is

nevertheless a factor in

the present unrest.

The Moslem strength in

the Cape Peninsula is estimated at 100 000, and of

these possibly as many as

20 000 are radical in their

approach to apartheid

and the present unrest.

A majority of Moslems

believe that not even civil

disobedience is permitted

by the Koran. They say

negotiation is the way to

secure their rights in society.

But pacifists and activists alike agree that Moslems may not tacitly accept either injustice or

oppression — and the Islamic Council of South

Africa earlier this month

described apartheid as

"mindless brutality and

injustice".

Within the tolerant society of the Peninsula, the

Moslem community enjoys substantial recognition. This corner of the

country is acutely aware

that Christian. Jew and

Moslem rub shoulders daily, regardless of the confrontations and conflicts

elsewhere in the world.

For example, only in

the Peninsula will one

find a Halaal certificate,

signed by the Moslem Judicial Council, prominently displayed at a Kentucky Fried Chicken outlet.

It is a standing joke

that nearly all meat sold

in the Peninsula is Halaal

or Kosher, meeting the

damands of both the Moslem and Jewish religious

authorities — but, "the

meat pies are only fit for

Christian consumption".

When District Six was

declared a "White"

Group Area, and all

traces of its previous

Coloured occupants

erased, Moslem mosques

were left standing like

76
sentinels on this slope of

Table Mountain, satisfying Muslim custom that

ground once dedicated to

Allah can never be deconsecrated.

Here, too, the Moslem

community follows ageold funeral tradition in

carrying their dead in procession through the

streets. And this has been

the cause of friction with

security forces.

On October 17, the

Moslem Judicial Council

called a meeting at an

Athlone mosqüe to clarity

issues about the release ■■

from police custody of;

Moslems killed in the unrest and also about the

burial rites which Moslems see as sacred and

outside the ambit of security operations.

The meeting began at

10 pm. There are difference about how and why

events occurred, but during the meeting a Moslem

was shot dead by security

forces at the gate of the

mosque and tearsmoke

was fired into the courtyard.

People inside the mosque barricaded the windows with boards and

tables. Almost 2 000 Moslems remained in this

seige situation for three

hours.

It was also at a Moslem

funeral that a young Athlone policeman was brutally murdered during an

altercation with people in

the procession. Both sides

. have suffered casualties.

On Tuesday this week,

Sheikh Nazim Mohammed, president of the

Moslem Judicial Council,

led the funeral procession

of a 16-year-old unrest

victim past a barricade in

Hanover Park, in defiance of a police call for

the estimated 1 500

people in the procession

to disperse.

According to reports,

six Casspirs, a Büffel and

four other police vehicles

joined the procession,

while two helicopters

circled overhead — one a

police helicopter and the

other from the Air Force.

It is a conflict situation

— a clash between the

need of the security forces

to keep people from gathering in the streets so as

to prevent the inherent

risk of unrest in such large

gatherings on the one

hand, and the Moslem

need to carry out traditional burial rites on the

other

"We are such a small

community that what is

happening here now, with

the frequent deaths of

members of our community, tends to draw us

together on occasions

such as funerals. This is

particularly true with the

tragic loss of our young

people," a Moslem leader

told The Citizen.

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77
JOURNALIST REPORTS FROM-MAVINGA ON MPLA OFFENSIVE

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 13 Oct 85 p 8

[Article by Barry O'Brien]

JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] HARDLY anybody lives

any more in the little

town in South Angola for

which in the past few

weeks nine Russians, 38

Cubans, more than 2 000

Angolan Government soldiers and 410 anti-government rebels fought and

died.

Lilac-coloured Jacaranda

flowers still bloom brightly

in the tree-lined main Avenida of Mavinga, 320km north

of the Angolan-Namibian

border and oranges grow in

orchards.

7 An ornamental fountain

still stands in the town

square. The pastel-walled

post office is also still standing, its walls holed by shells.

- But the houses and villas

the Portuguese built there

when Angola was a colony

before gaining independence

: in 1975 are shell-shattered ru-

| ins destroyed when anti-government guerrillas captured

' the town five years ago and

no attempt has been made to

1 rebuild them.

The forces of Dr Jonas Sa-

. vimbi's Unita rebel move-

. ment who have just repulsed

the Government's attempt to

regain Mavinga and its airfield in a major anti-Unita

offensive with Russian and

Cuban support do not live in

' towns but in the bush.

The bush has been their

habitat for ten years of guerrilla war against

' the Marxist

MPLA (Popular

•' Movement for

' the Liberation ofI

; Angola) regime

which seized

power In Luanda

when the Portuguese left in 1975

and in the liberation war

against Portugal

before that.

Their bivouacs

in a nearby base

. camp where Dr Savimbi has

' his forward headquarters are

a guerrilla war version of

traditional centuries-old

housing in black Africa.

The Unita fighters live in

camp in sandy-floored dugouts below ground, walled

with bamboo cane, roofed

with tree branches and

thatch and camouflaged with

foliage and undergrowth to

make them invisible from the

air.

They do not have electricity. Their lighting is battery-powered torches and oil

lamps made from rationpack food cans.

Mavinga and its airstrip

are within range of the Angolan Air Force's Russian Mig

21 and Mig 23 fighter-bombers based at Lubango and

Manongue and flown by Russian, Cuban and Russiantrained Angolan pilots.

Deadly

They have been coming almost daily to bomb the long

runway in the bush.

"Now, it's 7.30am and they

did not come yet but they

will,'' Dr Savimbi told visiting journalists in a camouflaged bunker at his headquarters.

"They come every day, two

Migs, sometimes three,

sometimes four, and thev

bomb so we have to get well

organised so we don't give an

unnecessary target

78
/9274

CSO: 3400/377

"We have our defences

here and we have our trenches, so it's not a problem."

The guerrillas depend on

the supplies they receive

from South Africa.

They arrive at night at

bush airstrips in unlit aircraft flying at low level to

keep below Angola's Sovietsupplied radar air defences

manned by Russians, Cubans

and Russian-trained Angolan

operators.

The deadly effect of Unita's guerrilla tactics against

the conventional formation

of the Russian-planned offensive with heavy logistic support of vehicles transporting

supplies, ammunition, fuel

and water is demonstrated

by the wreckage of several

dozen vehicles, including armoured cars and the rotting

corpses of Angolan government soldiers on the battlefields south of the Lomba

River 32km north of Mavinga

where the advance was

turned back in three days of

fierce fighting at the end of

last month.

Devastated

A big logistic base set up

by the government forces under their Russian and Cuban

advisers in the advance south

from the river was devastated when Unite guerrillas attacking it with 120mm mortars from the rear hit

Russian Katyusha rockets in

truck-mounted multi-barrelled launchers, causing big

explosions

Unite mortar fire even

brought down a big Soviet MI

25 helicopter of

the type used in

Afghanistan

when it.was landing with supplies

and rations.

The routing of

the Angolan Government's offensive, aimed at

taking Mavinga's

airstrip to use it

as a staging post

for an advance

on Dr Savimbi's

. rear main base

at Jamba, 270km to the south,

has left the Unite forces in a

state of high morale.

Smartly turned out in camouflage battle fatigue, well

organised and well disciplined, they responded with

enthusiastic shouts, cheers

and battle cries when Dr Savimbi addressed them not in

Portuguese but in Ovimbundu, the language of the

tribe to which most of them

belong, telling them that they

were winning the war.

Morale

But, after ten years of civil

war, Unite's 50 000 guerrillas,

though holding about a third

of Angola's countryside, are

still in the bush.

Unite officers, despite high

morale, do not believe the

guerrilla army can ever capture Luanda, the heavily fortified capital, and defeat the

Government

But Dr Savimbi, trained as

a guerrilla leader in China,

believes that as long as he

remains undefeated he must

win in the end.

"If the Russians cannot

win this war with all the weapons they have we are not

losing it, and if we don't lose

the war we win it," he said.

He believes that so long as

he can maintain his position

and defeat Government attempts to dislodge him the

Government must eventually

be forced into power-sharing

talks with him because of the

damage which the civil war

is doing to Angola's economy.

79
EXECUTIONS BRING 1985 TOTAL TO 102

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Nov 85 p 11

[Text]

SIX men convicted of murder and one

of rape were hanged on Wednesday

morning at Pretoria's Central Prison,

bringing the total number of people executed so far this year in South Africa

to 102, a spokesman for the Department of Justice confirmed in Pretoria

yesterday.

According to local newspaper reports the man convicted of rape, Nicolas Mingo (32) failed in a 3 am bid to

obtain a stay of execution.

Mingo, who was sentenced to death

in Cape Town for rape, made an urgent application to a Judge in Chambers

for a stay of execution, saying in an

affidavit that after his conviction, he

had applied for leave to appeal and

petitioned the Chief Justice.

When this failed, Mingo wrote to his

advocate, asking what steps he should

take, but received no reply. As a result, no petition for mercy had been

made to the State President, according

to the reports.

On Tuesday, Mingo wrote to the

State President, denying he had committed the crime and alleging his advocate had "left me in the lurch."

At 3 am Wednesday Mr Justice Van

der Merwe dismissed the application.

The other six men executed were

Alex Williams, Johannes Goliath,

Mbukelwa Kiwa, Rembeni Mawawa,

Monwabisi Mnguni and Koko Qaasen.

— Sapa.

JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

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80
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

THABONG TOWNSHIP DEPLORES RISING CRIME RATE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Oct 85 p 4

[Text]

/9317

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BLOEMFONTEIN. —-

There is a reign of terror

in Thabong township near

Bloemfontein and life in

many aspects has come to

a standstill because of the.

lack of police protection,

a statement by the Thabong Town Council said

yesterday. "

The statement said on

Sunday a mob ofthugs assaulted several people in

the streets with spades,

garden forks, pangas and

pick handles. Eleven

teachers' homes in Thabong had been petrolbombed— one for the

second time in three days

— at the weekend. Children had been prevented

from going to school by

gangs of thugs in the past

two weeks.

"The people have no

police protection and the.

crime rate has soared.

Hospitals are teeming

with assault cases," the

statement said.

* "The Town Council of

"Thabong is awaiting reaction from the public of

Thabong äs a result of the

phenomenol crime rate at

present. When the Thabong Council's 'A-Team'

was active there were no

assaults on citizens and

the streets were safe at

night.

"The thugs who were

punished too severely in

some cases were quick to

complain at the police stations and their cases were

immediately taken up and

prosecutions initiated

against the A-Team."

"At present a large percentage of students have

decided to take sjamboks

to protect themselves

while writing their examinations.

81
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CRIME PREVENTION DRIVE'IN JOHANNESBURG UNDERWAY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Nov 85 p 3

[Article by Janine Stein]

[Text]

HUNDREDS of "policemen, Defence Force personnel and railway policemen swarmed into the Johannesburg city centre

yesterday in a massive

crime prevention operation.

A spokesman for the

Public Relations Division

of the SA Police in Pretoria said there had been

no reported arrests in the

drive which lasted most of

the day.

He said there was nothing sinister about the

police presence in the city

centre and they had been

there to pre-empt a possible recurrence of the

trouble which occured the

previous two Fridays.

The police presence

caused a great deal of

panic amongst the public

and The Citizen was inundated with calls from

people wanting to find

out what was happening.

Rumours were also rife

that there had been

trouble at Khotso House,

the Rand Supreme Court

and Hillbrow police station. All the rumours

proved to be false.

A report of an explosion at the OK Bazaars in

Hillbrow proved to be

nothing more than a OK

neon sign which had

caught alight.

The police and members of the Defence Force

were extremely conspicious, patrolling in groups

of up 10.

Defence Force personnel, who were reluctant to

be photographed, were

armed with Rl rifles and

several had dogs. Policemen were mainly armed

with batons, although a

few of them, on patrol in

Hillbrow, were armed

with pump-action shotguns.

There was also a large

number of plainclothes

policemen on duty, especially near Johannesburg

Station, the scene of violence two Fridays ago.

Railway policemen were

also conspicuous around

the station.

Many shopkeepers,

fearing an outbreak of violence, kept burglar

proofing on their shop

windows all day. "We are

doing this as a precautionary measure," said one

shopkeeper.

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82
RSA FACED WITH DILEMMA OF 'STAGFLATION'

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 Oct 85 p 24

[Text]

JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SOUTH Africa is saddled with a "stagflation" dilemma, with a

stagnating real econ-.

omic growth rate and a

relatively high inflation

rate, says Volkskas in

its latest economic

spotlight. '

"To make matters

worse, the balance of

payments position

must also be taken into

account, in particular

the limitations whichi

the foreign debt bur*i

den and everything associated with it place1

,

on the balance of payments," it says. i

"This in turn inevitably limits freedom of

movement in the econ-.

omic policy strategy." *

Sluggish economic,

growth led to a decline

in the national product

or income per capita,

increased unemployment, lower company

profits and more

bankruptcies.

"In short, everyone

or almost everyone is

becoming poorer.;

Moreover, the danger

is that the economic recession can feed on it- >

self. Sluggish growth

leads to poor consumption and investment

which in turn can further depress the

growth rate — thus, a

vicious circle that

could lead to a highly

dangerous state of affairs," says Volkskas.

How far the Government's domestic stimulation package would

"go was not yet clear.

"However, keeping

in mind the recent

course of events, it seems as if a real econom1 ic growth rate of 3 to 4

percent can be expected in 1986. Com-;

pared with this year,

the inflation rate

should be a percentage

point of two lower in

' 1986, while the current

account of the balance

of payments could continue to show, a surplus.

"Unless something

surprising happens

with the gold price,

which is of course

hoped for yet cannot

be counted oif, 1987

could be a great deal

more problematic,"

Volkskas says. —Sapa.

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83
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

LONG-TERM GROWTH ADVOCATED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Oct 85 p ll

[Article by David Rees]

[Text]

ATTENTION has been focused

recently on the short-term situation in South Africa. Ultimately,

all such considerations are subject to the longer and more problematic issue of the long-term

growth prospects for SA. Whether our children are going to be

rich or poor depends on the sort

of growth we can generate over

the next few decades.

In the period 1946-69, SA averaged

an annual growth rate of 5,25%. In

the decade 1960-70 the average

growth rate was 5,5%. In the decade

of the 1970s this growth rate fell to

3,5%.

This figure strains credibility

somewhat It is difficult to accept

that a decade characterised by a

high gold price should be associated

with significantly slower growth. If

the official figures are to be accepted, then a 58% increase in the dollar

price of gold from 1978 to 1979 was

associated with only a 2,5% increase

in the real value of exports.

The following year was even more

extraordinary. A 100% increase in

the gold price from 1979 to 1980

caused a 1% decrease in the real

value of exports. Growth in the 1970s

was almost certainly faster than official figures suggest

The suggestion that the 1970s was

a disappointing decade is easier, perhaps, for white South Africans to accept. Their incomes (according to

calculations of Professor Jill Nattras of the University of Natal) grew

at 1,5% a year, in contrast with black

income growth of 5,5% a year.

It looks as though we can regard

5% a year as the long-term growth

potential for South Africa. This is

probably a conservative estimate.

These are fairly impressive statistics. Over the post-Second-WorldWar period the US economy achieved only a 3,5% growth rate. A growth

rate of 5% a year means that income

doubles every 14 years. Subtract,

say, 2,5% for population growth, and

income doubles every 28 years.

At this sort of growth rate we can,

on the basis of per-capita GNP, be as

rich as Spain is now, in one generation, richer than Britian is now, and

richer than any country in the world

is now in three generations.

If this sounds unacceptably slow,

it is well to bear in mind that earnings rise with age and experience, so

the typical individual will enjoy a

much steeper earnings gradient than

this in the course of a life's work. The

fable relates to the US, and shows

income levels as a percentage of the

national average across ethnic

groups.

There is obviously considerable divergence across ethnic groups. In

column 2 the white ethnic groups -

with the exception of the Japanese

and Chinese — appear to be above

the US average, with the non-white

.groups below average.

! How does one explain these significant ethnic differences? Is it evidence of systematic racial discrimination against non-white minorities?

Maybe, but an alternative explanation suggests itself.

84
Column 3 indicates the average

ages of the different ethnic groups in

1970. If we assume everybody leaves

school at 16, regardless of race, then

column 4 shows the number of years

of work completed, on average, for

each group. -

The final column shows the relative income positions on the assumption that each individual starts with

the same income ($100 a month) and

enjoys a regular 3% a year incre-;

ment in income on grounds of age,

seniority and experience, but excluding the race factor. 1

A comparison of the actual figures i

in column 2 and the hypothetical fig- |

ures in column 5 shows that Poles,

Irish, Indians and blacks are, by this

calculation, relatively deprived, and

the Japanese and Chinese relatively

favourably placed. ;

The important point, though, is the ' striking similarity in the ranking of

the two columns. It seems that age is

a major explanatory variable in accounting for ethnic income differences. Had the US been a country of

absolute equality (save only for income differentials based on age),

then the average income of Jews

relative to Puerto Ricans would

have been about what we observe.

This simple and, of course, simplistic explanation of racial incomedifferences as being due exclusively

to age is considerably less convincing when applied to South Africa.

Whites are considerably richer

than they should be if age were the

only criterion. There are other major

factors operating such as superior

education and easier access to towns

and markets, to name but two.

The average age of an ethnic,

group is important, however, in determining its average income.,

Nevertheless, these figures suggest

the generous opportunities available

to individuals lucky enough to live in

a growing economy and with access

to productive employment. The

question is whether this is what SA

will be like in the future.

In South Africa, 54% of the black

population falls into the age group 0-

19 years. Almost all are poor, and all

aspire to better things. Whether or

Ethnic Group

(1)

Jews

Poles

Irish

Italian

German

Anglo Saxon

Japanese

US average ..

Chinese

Black

Indian

Mexican

Puerto Rican

[% of Avera(e)

(2)

170

115

103

112

107

107

132

100

112

62

60

76

63

Average

(3)

46

40

37

37

36

34

32

28

27

22

20

18

18

N* of Yean

Work

(4)

30

24

21

20

20

18

16

12

11

6

4

2

2

Estimate

Income

(5)

171

143

131

127

127

119

113

100

97

96

'82

76

76

Source: Based on T Sowell: Markets and Minorities: Oxford (1981)

not their dreams come true depends

on the kind of growth rate we can

generate over the next decade or so.

The alternative to growth is redistribution. Redistribution has, for a

long time, been a major feature of

the SA way of life. The difference is

that in future the recipients of state

generosity are more likely to be

black. As the past few decades have

shown, it is possible to achieve respectable growth rates in South

Africa simultaneously with state intervention of a redistributive nature.

This will continue, and probably at

a faster rate. This implies high taxation, although savings can be

achieved if this is accompanied by

dismantling of costly, idealised, experiments.

In the next 10 years enormous

numbers of present-day teenagers

are going to enter the SA labour

market. Better educated and obviously more aggressive than their

parents, their prospects for achieving substantial improvements in

their material circumstances must

be rated as good.

( Assuming a 5% growth rate and

allowing for normal income growth

due-to experience and promotion, the

i typical SA teenager can expect his

income to quadruple during his

working life.

There is a suggestion in the US

that when the "baby-boomers" arrived in the labour market in the

early 1970s, average productivity

tended to stagnate for a few years as

these relatively inexperienced workers acquired skills. This implies that

wages grew slowly, although total

output expanded due to a large labour force. Perhaps we shall have

the same experience in SA.

What is important is that young

people should have the opportunity

to get onto the first rung of the ladder. In the normal course of events,

then, we can expect — over the

medium-to-long-term — a sustained

increase in output, in domestic expenditure and in living standards.

This is not, of course, inevitable. It

is only one of a number of alternatives available to us.'

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85
JPRS-SSA-8W17r

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MILLIONS LOST DUE TO FOREX LOOPHOLE

• *

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 85 p 1

[Article by Alan Sendzul]

[Text] SOUTH AFRICAN subsidiaries of International groups have deprived the local

foreign-exchange market of more than

$500m since 1982 when the rand fell below parity with the dollar..

' In so doing they are technically contravening an exchange-control ruling.

The newly-revealed drain stems from

some SA companies having taken out

forward-cover contracts to protect their

contributions to their parents' consolidated accounts.

This makes sense for a company which

might have performed well in South African terms but whose results would suffer

when earnings were remitted to the parent abroad and restated in a foreign currency. The revaluation of assets in, say,

dollar terms would also be hit

Subsidiaries based in SA have been

knocked by a shaky rand — now worth

35% less than it was a year ago — and a

severely depressed domestic market,

both of which have diminished contributions to international groups' earnings

significantly.

The exchange-control contravention

arises from the buying of protection

against a fall in the rand, which is strictly available only to local residents with

linn, future commitments to meet

These usually arise out of trade financing or loans.

The subsidiary's cover is usually under

the guise of "loans" to the parent which

are based on the local company's net

worth.

The contracts on forward cover seldom run to maturity, since the objective

is to have continuous cover against the

exchange rate. By extending or rollingover cover, companies prevent dollars

from being released back into the market

One analyst told Businesx Day "it is

not surprising so many foreign operations have not sleeted to dlsinvest By

taking forward cover to coincide with

year-end, they are effectively ensuring

that the company will be revalued more

favourably and that the parents' group

accounts are unaffected by' currency

movements here".

The Reserve Bank said it was aware of

parent companies abroad taking out forward contracts with foreign banks which

then counter-cover with local banks on

the Johannesburg market

It conceded that such cover would

offer profits in the case of a falling rand,

but if the currency remained stable or

appreciated, the profits would disappear.

The loser is the SA foreign-exchange

market, which is still battling to trace

the millions of dollars being generated

by SA's huge trade surplus. The SA taxpayer is also picking up the tab for inevitable forward-cover losses incurred by

the Reserve Bank.

Concerned critics say the Reserve

Bank should ~ immediately scrutinise

schedules of bankers' previous transactions. This' would enable the authorities

to calculate how many dollars could be

released back into the market if contracts were cancelled.

They say this is vet another contributor to the flood of dollars escaping the

standstill net By ordering banks which

granted cover to reverse their transactions, the Reserve Bank could alleviate

at leastsome of the acute dollar shortage-

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86
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SUPER LABOR FEDERATION TO BE LAUNCHED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Oct 85 p 5

[Text]

CAPE TOWN — A new super

federation of trade unions, numerically the strongest and potentially the most powerful

union grouping in South Africa,

will be launched in Durban at

the end of November.

The federation has a paid-up

membership of 380 000.

Unity was not easy to achieve

for the various unions with differences on labour and political

issues, the dramatic downturn in

the economy and the political

turbulence that resurfaced dur-i

ing the negotiations.

I After four years of negotia-^

tion, the final grouping will be:

Nine affiliates of the Federation

of South African Trade Unions

(130 000 members), the National

Union of Mineworkers (100 000),

General Workers' Union (12 000),

Food and Canning Workers'

Union (25000), the Commercial,

Catering and Allied Workers'

j. Union (SO 000), Cape Town Municipal Workers' Association

(12000), 11 unions affiliated to

'the United Democratic Front

(40 000) and nine affiliates of the

National Federation of Workers

(12000).

Five principles have been accepted by all the unions affiliated to the federation:

•Non-racialism.

. •One union, one industry.

• Worker control.

• Representation on the basis

of paid-up membership.

•Co-operation at a national

level.

Discussions to form a super

federation started at Langa in

August 1981. Although the meeting rejected the State's attempts

to control the union movement,

division emerged on the issue of

whether or not unions should

register.

By the end of last year three

distinct groupings within the independent labour movement

had emerged — the "unity"

unions, unions affiliated to the

UDF and emergent black consciousness unions affiliated to

the Azanian Confederation of

Trade Unions (Azactu).

In May 1985 the scope of the

talks was widened and all,

unions were invited to a meeting in June to discuss the feder»

ation's draft constitution.

At these talks, attended for

the first time by the black con-"

sciousness unions, differences

emerged over the question. of

non-racialism, with Azactu arguing for an "anti-racist" policy

which left open the possibility of

blacks-only constitutions for

members.

However the core "unity"

unions wanted the federation es-,

tablished before the end of the;

year on the basis of the five'

principles and Azactu did not at-,

. tend subsequent meetings. ' ' *

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87
JPRS-SSA-8W17

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL SQUABBLING COULD PREVENT SUGAR AGREEMENT

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Oct 85 p 11

[Article by Alan Peat]

[Text]

POLITICAL bickering could destroy

the chances of agreement at the International Sugar Organisation (ISO)

meeting in London from November i

18 to 22.

South African Sugar Association s

(Sasa) ISO representative John

Chance says the top four sugar exporters — Australia, Brazil, Cuba

and the European Economic Community (EEC) - have been at each

others throats for years over

various sugar issues.

"Unless they can iron out their

problems, most of which are based

on political rather than commercial

issues, there is no chance of a satisfactory agreement," he says.

"The chance of an agreement in

1983-84 in London and Geneva collapsed because of this.

"One of the major reasons was a

vendetta that Australia waged,

against the Cubans having a 'window' to the free market for sugar

through re-exports from the Comecon countries (the east European

bloc).

"The refusal to compromise with

the Cubans was a government

stance.

"The Australian sugar industry

was in favour of an agreement, but it

does not have as much clout^with

government as we have here."

Sasa's stance is that the only reason for an agreement between the

exporters is to keep the price at a

reasonably high level.

"This would have demand based

on a price reasonable to both buyer

and seller, with the producers guaranteed sufficient income to cover the

return on their investment," says

. Chance.

One of the prime reasons for the

. effort to obtain a 1984 'agreement

was to fix a mechanism to allow the

supply to be matched to the price.

But the agricultural policy of the

EEC on sugar-beet production

thwarted this, says Chance. '

"The EEC policy does not have

any form of quota system on beetgrowing.

"The farmers cannot have their

supplies increased or decreased to

match the market conditions," he

says.

"Using a historical basis for the

formula, South Africa, for example,

would have a 5,5%, about 850 000

tons a year, share of the world free

market

"The EEC, using a similar formula, would have about 20%. Each

country could therefore match its

supply to its market share.

"But the EEC could not relate to

market share.

"We spent 1983 and 1984 arguing

almost ad nauseam against the

complicated formula devised, which

we just did not think would work.

"The meeting eventually broke

down without any agreement"

The November meeting again

faces a constraint from the Australians.

"They have a three-inch thick document on the EEC's malpractices

against the Gatt (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) principles," says Chance.

"This is extremely provocative

and will not endear two of the major

parties in the agreement efforts.

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88
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RSA FRUIT IMPORTS EMBARRASS IRISH

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 85 p 3'

[Article by Linda Ensor]

[Text]

DUBLIN — Ireland's imports of SA

fruit and vegetables have increased

by almost 25% during the past six

months. L .

The figures have come as a shock to

the Irish government and anti-apartheid

campaigners.

Publicity surrounding the anti-apartheid strike at Dunne's stores in Dublin

was thought to have had a major impact

on the Irish public.

Instead, during the first half of this

year, imports of SA fruit have increased

substantially compared with the same

period last year.

Total value of the trade is just more

than R12m. The largest increases were

in orange imports followed by grapefruit and apples.

A spokesman for the importerssaid he

was not surprised by the figures.

"SA fruit and fresh produce is of

superb quality and is in big demand

because the public likes it Politics and

protest won't change that basic fact," he

said.

Major Irish supermarket chains have

already agreed, at the request of the

Irish government, to phase out SA produce and arrange other sources of supply.

A spokesman for the supermakrkets

said that the next six-monthly figures

would show a very different picture.

He said the phasing out had already

started and added: "Next week we won't

have an Outspan fruit in the place — or

any other SA produce."

In Johannesburg, it is reported that

fruit producers are keeping their heads

down in the continuing row over potential boycotts of SA exports.

Citrus Exchange assistant GM Arend

Venter, and Fred Meintjies of the Deciduous Co-operative, said yesterday

any comments could worsen an already

delicate situation.

Meintjies, however, was doubtful whether Sainsbury's, a major British food

chain looking for substitutes for SA

goods, would be successful.

Last year Britain imported R324m

worth of fruit and vegetables from SA,

with oranges, apples and grapes accounting for half of this amount.

Despite action against SA products

this year, almost the entire citrus crop

had been sold, said Venter. The marketing season ends early next month.

/9317

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89
DEVELOPMENT OF MOSSEL BAY GAS PLANNED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 Oct 85 p 4

[Article by Tony Stirling]

[Text]

JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

THE Development of

the two large gas fields

located on the seabed

off Mossel Bay will almost certainly take

pliice.

Although no official

announcement from the

State President, Mr P W

Botha can be expected in

this regard before late m

November, feasibility studies into the project have

been so encouraging that

the Government is tipped

to give the go ahead for

the R2,500-inillion project. -

The feasibility studies

undertaken for Government by a large merchant

bank are understood to

show that the project

would remain viable even

should the value of the

Rand increase by a third

or more against the dc4-;

lar.

And this would remain

so even although the projected escalation in the

cost of completing the

scheme would probably

rise to between R4,500

and R5,000-miliion in the

five or so years it would

take to complete.

Various ways to finance

'the massive" project are

possible, including seeking the capital on overseas markets as a means

of restoring confidence m

South Africa in the face

of recent developments.

But H is understood

that one of the most positive suggestions was for

the Goverment and the

private sector to finance

the different parts of the

project, with the private

sector coming in as shareholders as they have in

Sasol.

The Mossel Bay gasfields contain reserves of

more than one trillion

cubic feet of gas — sufficient to produce up to

25 000 barrels of petrol

and diesel a day.

Other advantages

would be a significant saving in the country's fuel

bill and a reduction of the .

goverment's oil stockpiles, which could save up

to R400-million a year in

the interest paid in maintaining the present supply.

Surveys on the project

have indicated profitability running up to R400-

million a year at current

prices during the 20 years

the reserves are expected

to last.

As the project would

entail both gas production

and conversion plants, it

is also regarded as an important opportunity for

regional diversification

and development.

/9317

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90
INCREASE IN COAL EXPORTS FORECAST

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 Oct 85 p 24

[Text]

SOUTH African supplier of minerals are likely to be put under political pressure next year but

Trans-Natal Coal Corporation nevertheless expects its export sales proceeds for the financial

year to June 1986 to exceed those for the year I

just past, says the chairman, Mr S P Ellis, in his j

chairman's review in the

annual report.

The likely pressure on

suppliers could affect tonnages and prices, but the,:

group expected higher i

proceeds on account of

existing forward cover,

contracts. 1

The group was also

looking for more from the

export market, in line

with its share of the increasing capacity of the]

Richards Bay coal terminal. 5

"Although demand for'

South African steam coal ]

is expected to remain i

relatively firm during the '• coming financial year,-'

sales prices in US dollar

terms will remain under

pressure depending on:

the strength of the Australian dollar against the

US dollar and the place-'

ment of Colombian coal!

on the market," Mr Ellis!

.says. _J

Domestically, with the?;

South African economy

in a depressed state there

was little likeiikhood of a

material increase in off-j

take of coal by Escom. ' 1

"It is expected that the'

tonnage to be supplied toj

Escom ' during the next'

year will remain around!

the levels of the year;

under review. . ."i

. "A slight improvement

in the domestic general*

trade market is expected,'

depending on the ecoiKJ

vOmy and the burning rate \

at non-tied power sta-1

tions." a

fReferring to last year's

announcement regarding

the development of an an-'

thracite mine in Zululand.

at an estimated cost or

,R86-million, Mr Ellis.

said: "Although production was not expected to

JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

[commence before the last"

quarter of 1985, the mine

[ commenced production

[ and earnings early in

• June, 1985, well ahead of

* schedule.

"Certain infrastructure

remains incomplete but

. this should be finalised by

the end of the calendar

year. The final capital

cost of the mine is expected to be below forecast."

He said that planning

'of mining ventures to.

meet the production ex-;

pansion required to satis-,

fy the group's export alto-;

cation of 11,5-miIlion tons'

; a year was on schedule, as

'was planning to maintain;

; the supply of coal to dom-!

estic markets.

A proposal had been,

submitted to supply coal

for a 120 MW power station presently under construction in Bophuthatswana, while the supply

of coal to a possible power station in Swaziland

; was being investigated. —

i Sapa. . . ; f

/9317

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91
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

DISABLING GAS CHARGES DENIED--[No date line as received] Mr Peter Gush, chairman of Western Deep Levels Gold Mine has described as unfounded allegations

that "a system exists to pump disabling gas into black mineworkers living

quarters at the mine." Mr Gush, who is chairman of Anglo American Gold

and Uranium Division, was responding to statements made earlier this

week by Mr Malcolm Fräser. "During serious inter-tribal rioting at

Western Deep Levels in 1974 and 1975, several workers lost their lives

and considerable damage was caused to property. The situation was

seriously aggravated after rioters looted the mine liquor stores. As

a result, Western Deep Levels decided to install tearsmoke systems,

which could be activated by management, in the liquor stores, hostel

kitchens and the hostel management offices." "The system which used

convention tearsmoke and was introduced as a precaution to protect lives

and property in the event of unrest, has not been used since 1975,"

Mr Gush said. [SAPA PR wire service; issued by: Anglovaal, for iimmediate

release] [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1834 GMT 2 Nov 85]

OPPENHEIMER CRITICIZES GOVERNMENT—Business leader Harry Oppenheimer has

told the government it is on the wrong path. Speaking in Johannesburg last

night, he warned the state president that his current reform policies

will end in disastrous failure unless he widens the National Party, NP,

power base to bring all language and racial groups. The former chairman

of the Anglo-American Corporation has provided renewed encouragement to

business leaders to press ahead with their recent initiatives to demand

radical reform. Mr Oppenheimer has defended closer contacts with the

ANC against attacks by rightwing politicians, and he has warned the NP that

although it appears to be impregnable, it is now facing problems similar

to the ones that destroyed the old United Party. [Text] [Umtata Capital

Radio in English 0900 GMT 5 Nov 85]

ANGLO AMERICAN DENIES NUM ALLEGATIONS—In response to NUM's [National

Union of Mineworkers] continuing allegations regarding security on the

mines, management reiterates that it has the clear responsibility to

provide adequate precautions to ensure the safety of all its employees.

Serious rioting has occurred in the past, regretabbly with loss of life.

Management has for many years provided riot control equipment including

tearsmoke, firearms and some riot control vehicles as a contingency for

use only in drastic circumstances, and solely for the protection of all

employees. If these circumstances had been of concern to NUM, it would

92
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

have been more appropriate to have raised them through our established

communication channels. [SAPA PR Wire Service; issued by Anglo American

Corporation of S.A. Statement by Mr T. L. Pretorius, managing director

of Western Deep Levels Gold Mines] [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English

1500 GMT 5 Nov 85]

DETENTIONS IN CAPE—Cape Town, Nov 5, SAPA—Police today confirmed more

detentions in the Cape Peninsula under the emergency regulations, including

that of Mrs Helen Kies, a 60-year-old teacher. Last week,, police

headquarters twice said that according to present records, Mrs Kies was

not being held in terms of either the emergency regulations or security

legislation. Mrs Kies, editor of the EDUCATIONAL JOURNAL, published by

the Teachers League of South Africa, was reported to have been detained

last week at the Harold Cressy School, where she teaches English and Latin.

She is the wife of the late Mr Bennie Kies, a Cape Town advocate who was

involved in the formation of the Unity Movement in 1943. Her detention

has been condemned in statements by the Harold Cressy School parents/

teachers/students association and the Schotchekloof Civic Association.

The Schotchekloof Civic Association statement, issued by its secretary,

Mr 0. Shadboodien, said here detention was "unwarranted" and that

"no amount of detentions will deter us in our struggle against political

oppression and economic exploitation." Police also confirmed the

detentions of 20 students and teachers. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in

English 1820 GMT 5 Nov 85]

TOP CINEMAS OPEN TO ALL RACES—Thirty major cinemas and four drive-ins

around the country officially opened their doors to all races yesterday.

This follows applications to the Government earlier this year for racially

integrated cinemas in the central districts of main cities in South Africa.

The cinemas are: Johannesburg—Kine Centre 1, 2 and 3 in Commissioner

Street; Elite 1 and 2 in Mooi Street. Cape Town—Golden Acre 1, 2 and 3;

Monte Carlo 1 and 2. Durban—Kine 600, cnr Smith and Aliwal Streets;

Embassy Cinema in Smith Street; Broadway 1 and 2. Pietermaritzburg—Kine

1 and 2 in Commercial Street. East London—Cine 1 and 2 in Caxton Street.

The Bluff drive-in and Durban drive-in in Durban will also be integrated

as will the Pietmaritzburg drive-in and the Amanzimtoti drive-in. Public

response to the move has been mixed but some cinema managers said they have

already been turning a blind eye to integrated audiences for some time.

[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Nov 85 p 3]

KWA-NDEBELE RECEIVES AID—More than 180 000 people have benefited from a

South African donation of powdered milk worth R140 000 to Kwa-Ndebele on

Thursday. Kwa-Ndebele became the second homeland after Qsa-Qwa to receive

aid from a R20 million food aid scheme to alleviate hunger and starvation

in the homelands. The scheme is administered by the South African Department of Development Aid and renders help to the homelands on request. KwaNdebele' s Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Mr C.N. Mahlangu, received

the grant on behalf of his government on Thursday. Milk will also be distributed as soon as possible among more than 180 000 people at clinics and

through the help of the tribal authorities, Mr Mahlangu said.—Sapa [Text]

[Johannesburg.THE CITIZEN in English 2 Nov 85 p 10]

93
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 1985

ENGINEERS NEEDED—Despite the economic downturn, South Africa's chronic

shortage of engineers has increased beyond all expectations. There are

now 1816 engineering posts vacant throughout the country—162 more than

predicted in a painstaking survey by the Federated Society of Professional

Engineers (FSPE) last year. The greatest shortage is among electrical

and electronic engineers. The survey predicted a shortage of 533 in this

field, but the actual shortage is 663. The president of the FSPE, Mr

Douglas Mills, has commented: "We have been saying for several years

that the demand for technically qualified people is significantly higher

than the supply. Latest figures show clearly that even in a time of

economic stress, the demand is still there. "We are extremely worried

about what will happen in any economic upturn. "School leavers this year

must seriously think of careers in engineering and technology. By the

time their training is complete, the demand for their services is likely

to be high." [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Oct 85 p 19]

THREE COAL FIRMS—London—Three South African firms are among 15 of the

world's major coal-producing companies which have founded an institute

for coal similar to those which serve the metal industries. The South

African companies involved in the new International Coal Development

Institute are Apex Mines Ltd, Douglas Colliery Ltd and Trans-Natal Coal

Corporation Ltd, all of Johannesburg. ICDI, which will be based in

London, has grown out of an idea first discussed over a year ago between

Mr Ian MacGregor, chairman of Britain's National Coal Board and Dr KarlHeinz Bund, formerly chairman of West Germany's Ruhrkohle AG and subsequently developed with other leading coal producers.. A statement issued

here said: "The institute is a non-profit making organisation dedicated

to the continuance and extension of the use of coal as the most abundant

long-term fossil fuel source adaptable to the widest possible energy

requirements. "While individual members will continue to be commercial

rivals in a fiercely competitive market, they will have a common interest

to enlarge the total market for coal and through the institute will aim

to publicise coal's advantage over other fuels, improve its acceptability

and encourage research and development."—Sapa [Text][Johannesburg THE

CITIZEN in English 30 Oct 85 p 10]

/9317

CSO: 3400/353

94
JPRS-SSA-85-117

25 November 198!

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

LUTHERANS TO PROVIDE AID—Mbabane—The World Lutheran Federation is to give

the Swaziland Government R50 000 to help implement the government's "back

to the land" scheme. The scheme introduced two months ago by the Prime Minister, Prince Bhekimpi, aims to encourage the thousands of unemployed, in

particular young people in urban areas to return to their home rural areas

and take up farming with government help in order to become self sufficient

in food and lessen the crime rate in urban areas. The Lutheran Federation in

Swaziland will identify chiefs in the rural areas who are prepared to allocate

potential farming land for members of their community who return there from

towns to farm. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 Oct 85 p 19]

/9274

NEW DRIVE ON SEX HEALTH—Mbabane—Swaziland chiefs have been issued with

cartons of contraceptives as part of a drive by the country's Ministry of

Health to cut the alarming rate of sexually transmitted diseases in the

country. The cartons were issued to the chiefs at the end of a health seminar

in Mbabane, which was attended by the Minister of Health, Prince Phiwokwadkhe.

A spokesman for the chiefs, Chief Majaha Dlamini, said the source of the

venereal disease problem in Swaziland was foreign tourists. He called on

the Ministry of Health to compel foreigners visiting Swaziland to be medically

examined at the border to ensure they were free from sexual diseases, and for

those affected to be treated before they were allowed into Swaziland. [Text]

[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Nov 85 p 11] /9274

SA HIGH INTEREST LOANS CRITICIZED—Mbabane—Swazi MPs have attacked South

Africa for the interest charged on loans to the front-line governments which

they claim are unfair. They were addressing the Minister of Finance, Mr

Sibusiso Dlamini, in parliament during a debate on the borrowing of R9-

million by Swaziland from South Africa. Members accused the Republic of

"failing to honour her obligations as a trading partner and fellow member of

the rand monetary area to which Swaziland belongs." Many expressed shock at

the six percent interest rate on the loan which was urgently needed for the

country's road reconstruction programme. Mr M M Ginindza, drew loud support

from the House when he asked: "How can South Africa do this to us after all

we have gone through in the international community because of South Africa?

"We have had better deals from people whom we don't even know," he said. Mr

Ginindza and other members said South Africa's businessmen and SA Transport

operators also made extensive use of Swazi roads. [Text] [Johannesburg THE

CITIZEN in English 8 Nov 85 p 9] /9274

CSO: 3400/377 END

95