Framework Document for

U.S. Department of Energy

Appliances and Commercial Equipment Standards Progra

Framework Document for

Battery Chargers and External Power Supplie

Thursday, July 16, 2009

Washington, DC

http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/battery

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Welcome

• Introductions• Role of the Facilitator

• Ground Rules (norms)

– Listen as an ally– Use short, succinct statements/keep to the point

– Hold sidebar conversations outside the room

– Focus on issues, not personalities– One person speak at a time (raise hand to be recognize

your name for the record)

– Set cell phones to silent/vibrate

• Housekeeping Items

• Agenda Review

• Opening Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
the resentations

Listening Via the Webcast

• The Department is broadcasting this meeting live over the Inte

• DOE is providing the webcast to accommodate stakeholders th

unable to attend the public meeting

• The web broadcast allows stakeholders to listen in and view th

the presentations p

• However these stakeholders will be unable to submit comment

questions via the web broadcast.

• Only stakeholders physically in attendance may pose question

comments during the public meeting.

• All stakeholders are encouraged to submit written comments a

public meeting.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
9:00 am–9:05 am

9:05 am–9:10 am

9:10 am–9:25 am

9:25 am–9:40 am

9:40 am–10:10 am

10:10 am–10:25 am

10:25 am–11:40 am

11:40 am–12:30 pm

12:30 pm–1:30 pm

Morning Agenda

WelcomeIntroduction and Agenda Review

Regulatory OverviewEnergy Conservation Standards RuleStakeholder CommentsBreakScope of Analysis

Test ProceduresLunch (on your own)

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
1:30 pm–1:45 pm

1:45 pm–1:55 pm

1:55 pm–2:15 pm

2:15 pm–2:35 pm

2:35 pm–2:45 pm

2:45 pm–3:05 pm

3:05 pm–3:20 pm

3:20 pm–3:30 pm

3:30 pm–3:45 pm

3:45 pm–4:00 pm

4:00 pm–4:30 pm

Afternoon Agenda

Market AssessmentProduct Price DeterminationEnergy Use and End Use Load Chara

Technology AssessmentScreening AnalysisEngineering AnalysisBreakPreliminary Manufacturer Impact Anal

Life­Cycle Cost AnalysisNational Impact Analysis

Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
ee ora comments rom part c pants an wr tten comm

The Purpose of the Framework Document Publi

• Present stakeholders with an overview of the Statute and 

Departmental actions for BC and EPS

• Present the framework1 for energy conservation standard

and EPSs

• S k lee ora comments f i i d i from participants and written comm

stakeholders on proposed methodologies and requireme

• Discuss and respond to specific issues or questions relat

proposal

1 Available for download from DOE’s webpage for BCs and EPSs:

http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/battery_external.html

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Issues for Comment

Issue Box The Department welcomes comments, data

information regarding BC and EPS energy conservation

standards. Throughout this presentation specific issues 

brought up for discussion on slides such as this. Noneth

comments about any part of the documents or presentawelcome.

Item 00 Numbered items correspond to issues for comm

the Framework Document.

Additional Item Non­numbered additional items supple

the issues for comment in the Framework Document.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
DOE Requests Feedback

Especially on Issues Identified in Handout Mate

In all correspondence, please refer to the Battery Chargers and E

Power Supplies Framework Document by

– Framework Document for Battery Chargers and External Powe

– Docket Number EERE­2008­BT­STD­0005, and

– Regulatory Identification Number (RIN) 1904­AB57

Email: BC&EPS_ECS@ee.doe.gov

Postal Mail: Courier:

Ms. Brenda Edwards Ms. Brenda Edwards

U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Energy

Building Technologies Program, Building Technologies Progr

Mailstop EE­2J 950 L’Enfant Plaza, S.W., 6t

1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20024

Washington, DC 20585­0121 Telephone: (202) 586­2945

Comment period closes July 20, 2009

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Morning Agenda

9:00 am–9:05 am Welcome9:05 am–9:10 am Introduction and Agenda Review

9:10 am–9:25 am Regulatory Overview9:25 am–9:40 am Energy Conservation Standards Ru9:40 am–10:10 am Stakeholder Comments

10:10 am–10:25 am Break10:25 am–11:40 am Scope of Analysis

11:40 am–12:30 pm Test Procedures

12:30 pm–1:30 pm Lunch (on your own)

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Regu

Summary of Regulatory Overview Sectio

• Review congressional direction and DOE reactions

• Present past and future DOE actions

• Present a timeline of DOE milestones

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
e page.

Regu

On June 4, 2009 DOE Published a Notice of Public Mee

Availability of a Framework Document for BC­EP

W bWeb page.

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/battery

• The notice is at 74 FR 2

• The Public Meeting is to

• The Framework Docum

downloaded from the B

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Regu

DOE’s Statutory Authority for BC­EPS Come

Congress’s Amendments to EPCA

• The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT) amended the E

Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), adding BCs and E

the appliance standards program.

• The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EIS

further amended EPCA resulting in the current rulemakin

Energy Policy and

Conservation Act

of 1975

(EPCA)

Energy Policy

Act

of 2005

(EPACT)

Energy

Independence

and Security Act

of 2007

(EISA)

Dep

of E

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Procedures

Regu

Energy Policy Act of 2005 Initiated BC­EPS Rule

Test

Procedures

Determinations

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

EPACT 2005

All BCs

and

EPSs

• EPACT 2005 defined BCs and EP

• DOE Published test procedures fo

BCs and EPSs

1 71 FR 78389

All BCs and EPSs

BCs and EPSs

• DOE initiated determination analy

on BCs and EPSs

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Procedures

Regu

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2

Test

Procedures

Determinations1 Section 310(3) of EISA amends Section 325 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6295)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

• Defined Class A EP

• Set standard for Cla

EPACT 2005 EISA 2007

All BCs

and

EPSs

• Set standard for Cla

• Defined standby an• Altered determinatio

All BCs and EPSs

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
–

*

_

Regu

EISA Set Standards for Class A EPSs

That Became Effective July 1, 2008 1

Nameplate Output Active Mode Required Effic

(decimal equivalent of a perce

< 1 Watt 0.5*(nameplate_output)

1 – 51 Watts 0.5+ 0.09*ln(nameplate nameplate_out

> 51 Watts 0.85

Nameplate Output No­Load Mode Maximum Cons

≤ 250 Watts 0.5 Watts

1 Section 301(a)(1)(B) of EISA amends Section 321 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6291) 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Procedures Multiple­

­

Regu

DOE Test Procedures for Standby & Off Mo

EPACT 2005 EISA 2007

Test

Procedures

Determinations

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

• NOPR published August 

•Standby and off mode 

•Multiple­voltage EPS te

All BCs

and

EPSs

Standby

and off

modes

•Multiple voltage EPS te

• Public meeting held Sept

• Final Rule published Mar

All BCs and EPSs

Multiplevoltage

(NOPR

only)

1 73 FR 48053

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Procedures MultipleRegu

DOE Is Addressing Non­Class A EPSs EPACT 2005 EISA 2007 2007 2009 2010 2011 

Test Procedures Multiplevoltage

(NOPR

only)

DeterminationsStandards

2006 2008

All BCs

and

EPSs

Standby

and off

modes

All BCs and EPSs EPSs outside of Class A • Determination d

December 19, 2

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Procedures

• Framework document ublished Jun

Standby 

and off 

modes

EPSs outside of 

Class A

Multiple

voltage

Regu

DOE Is Developing Standards for BCs and Clas

EPACT 2005 EISA 2007

Test

Procedures

DeterminationsStandards1 74 FR 26816

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

All BCs

and

EPSs

Standby

and off

• Framework document published Jun

All BCs and EPSs

All BCs

Class A EPSs

­

p

• Public Meeting Today

• Preliminary Analysis, NOPR to follow

• Final rule due by July 1, 2011

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Procedures MultipleEPACT 2005 EISA 2007

Regu

EISA Directs DOE to Revisit Standards for Clas

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

Test

Procedures

Standby

and off

modes

All BCs and EPSs EPSs outside of Class A

All BCs

Class A EPSs

•Fina

July 

C

Multiplevoltage

(NOPR

only)

All BCs

and

EPSs

DeterminationsStandards

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Regu

Timeline of Milestones for BC and EPS Rulem

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 

Past DOE Milestones Date Ac

Standards for Class A EPSs Applicable July 1, 2008

Standby and Off Mode Test Procedure Issued March 27, 2

Future DOE Milestones Targets / 

Determination on Non­Class A EPSs Issued December 1

Energy Conservation Standards NOPR IssuedBC Active Mode Test Procedure Issued* October 31, 

Energy Conservation Standards Final Rule Issued July 1, 2011

* The Battery Charger Active Mode Test Procedure is under consideration 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Regu

Timeline of Milestones for BC and EPS Rulem

(continued)

... 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

DOE Milestone Dead

Energy Conservation Standards Final Rule Issued July 1, 

Standards Applicable for EPSs, possibly BCs July 1, Energy Conservation Standards Final Rule Issued July 1, 

Standards Applicable July 1, 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Morning Agenda

9:00 am–9:05 am Welcome9:05 am–9:10 am Introduction and Agenda Review

9:10 am–9:25 am Regulatory Overview9:25 am–9:40 am Energy Conservation Standards Ru9:40 am–10:10 am Stakeholder Comments

10:10 am–10:25 am Break10:25 am–11:40 am Scope of Analysis

11:40 am–12:30 pm Test Procedures

12:30 pm–1:30 pm Lunch (on your own)

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
• Discuss anal tical re uirements for each sta e of the rul

Energy Conservation Standar

Summary of Energy Conservation Standa

Rulemaking Section

• Present a list and description of analyses required during 

Energy Conservation Standards rulemaking

• Discuss analytical requirements q for each stage of the rul

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Energy Conservation Standar

The EPCA Directs DOE to Consider Seven Factors Whe

Energy Conservation Standards

EPCA Factors DOE Analysis

1. Economic impact on

consumers and manufacturers

Life­cycle cost analysis

Manufacturer impact analysis

2. Lifetime operating cost savings Life­cycle cost analysis

3. Total projected projected energy savings savings National impact analysis 

4. Impact on utility or

performance

Engineering analysisScreening analysis

5. Impact of any lessening of

competition

Manufacturer impact analysis

6. Need for national energy

conservation

National impact analysis

7. Other factors the Secretary

considers relevant

Environmental assessmentUtility impact analysisEmployment impact analysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
• To discuss specific issues related to the analysis

Energy Conservation Standar

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: Framework 

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Effective Date Preliminary Analysis

• To present methodologies for the preliminary analysis

• To discuss specific issues related to the analysis

• To seek input from attendees on methodologies, assump

data sources

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Energy Conservation Standar

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: Preliminary 

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Effective Date Preliminary Analysis

• To present preliminary results and planned methodology 

NOPR analyses

• To discuss specific issues related to the analysis

• To seek additional input from attendees on methodologie

assumptions, data sources

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market and

Energy Conservation Standar

Summary of Preliminary Analyses

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Effective Date Preliminary Analysis

27

Energy Use andEnd­Use LoadCharacterization

Market andTechnologyAssessment

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

ProductPriceDetermination

Life­CycleCost andPayback Period Analysis

ShipmentsAnalysis

PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Energy Conservation Standar

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: NOP

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Effective Date Preliminary Analysis

• To present NOPR results

• To propose propose energy conservation conservation standards standards

• To further discuss specific issues related to the analysis

• To seek further input on the NOPR from attendees

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Energy Conservation Standar

Summary of NOPR Analyses

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Effective Date Preliminary Analysis

29

EnvironmentalAssessment

Life­CycleCostSubgroupAnalysis

ManufacturerImpactAnalysis

UtilityImpactAnalysis

EmploymentImpactAnalysis

RevisePreliminaryAnalyses

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Energy Conservation Standar

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: Final R

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Effective Date Preliminary Analysis

• To publish energy conservation standards

• Standards Standards will be published published by July 1, 2011.

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Effective Date Preliminary Analysis

• Standards will be effective for products manufactured

on or after July 1, 2013.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Morning Agenda

9:00 am–9:05 am Welcome9:05 am–9:10 am Introduction and Agenda Review

9:10 am–9:25 am Regulatory Overview9:25 am–9:40 am Energy Conservation Standards Ru9:40 am–10:10 am Stakeholder Comments

10:10 am–10:25 am Break10:25 am–11:40 am Scope of Analysis

11:40 am–12:30 pm Test Procedures

12:30 pm–1:30 pm Lunch (on your own)

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Particip

Participant Comments

• Participants who contacted the Department of Energy to req

opportunity to issue comments on the Framework Documen

speak now.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Morning Agenda

9:00 am–9:05 am Welcome9:05 am–9:10 am Introduction and Agenda Review

9:10 am–9:25 am Regulatory Overview9:25 am–9:40 am Energy Conservation Standards Ru9:40 am–10:10 am Stakeholder Comments

10:10 am–10:25 am Break10:25 am–11:40 am Scope of Analysis

11:40 am–12:30 pm Test Procedures

12:30 pm–1:30 pm Lunch (on your own)

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Break

• We will resume the public meeting in 15 minutes.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Morning Agenda

9:00 am–9:05 am Welcome9:05 am–9:10 am Introduction and Agenda Review

9:10 am–9:25 am Regulatory Overview9:25 am–9:40 am Energy Conservation Standards Ru9:40 am–10:10 am Stakeholder Comments

10:10 am–10:25 am Break10:25 am–11:40 am Scope of Analysis

11:40 am–12:30 pm Test Procedures

12:30 pm–1:30 pm Lunch (on your own)

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Summary of Scope of Analysis Section

The Scope is important because it affects:

• The products affected by the standard• The analysis that determines the standard

This section will:• Present the definitions that frame the scope of the analys

• Pose questions on how to interpret the definitions• Propose approaches for DOE’s interpretations

Additional Item DOE welcomes comments on the scope of thrulemaking.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
ower su l circuit that is used to convert

Sc

EISA Requirements and Statutory Definitio

EISA requires DOE to prescribe

a final rule for:

(42 U.S.C. 6295)(u)(1)(E)(i)(I))

• External Power Supplies: “an external

power supply circuit that is used to convert

household electric current into DC current or

lower­voltage AC current to operate

a

consumer product.” (42 U.S.C. 6291(36))

• Battery Chargers: “a device that charges

batteries for consumer products, includingbattery chargers embedded in consumer

products.” (42 U.S.C. 6291(32))

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

DOE Developed Terms to Differentiate Phy

Forms from Regulatory Definitions

• Wall Adapter: any external power adapter that connects 

consumer product to the household electric supply (AC m

– All wall adapters provide isolation

– All EPSs take the form of wall adapters, but not all wall ada

are necessarily EPSs covered by DOE

Wall Adapters

External

Power

Supplies

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
• Has nameplate output power ≤ 250 watts

Sc

Definition of Class A EPS1

A Class A EPS is a device that:

• Converts line voltage AC to only one lower­voltage AC or 

• Powers a separate end­use product• Is contained in a separate physical enclosure• Is removable or permanently attached to the end­use pro

• Has nameplate output power ≤ 250 watts

But not a device that powers a:• Medical device

• Battery charger for a product that is fully or primarily mot

• Battery charger for a detachable battery pack, where the 

– Contained in a separate enclosure from the product

– Intended to be removed or disconnected from the pro

recharging

1 Section 301(a)(1)(B) of EISA amends Section 321 of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6291) 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Differences Between Class A EPSs and

non­Class A EPSs

Class A

EPSs

• Constitute the majority of shipments and estimated e

consumption

•Subject to EISA efficiency standards, effective July 1

NonClass A

EPSs

• Consist of EPSs that fall outside of Class A:

– High power, multiple outputs, or specialized end­use a

• Subject to DOE determination analysis on non­Class

(rulemaking currently in progress)

• May be combined with this rulemaking given a posit

determination

– Possible future standards would then cover BCs and 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
ype ey  rase  rom  ass      e n o

Sc

DOE is Also Conducting a Determinatio

Analysis for Four Types of Non­Class A E

• EISA directs DOE to “issue a final rule that determin

energy conservation standards shall be issued for ex

power supplies or classes of external power supplies

Type Key Phrase from Class A EPS Definitio

fi iti

Multi­voltage • [does not] convert to only one output voltage at a t

High Power • [does not have] nameplate output power that is les

to 250 watts.

Medical • requires listing as a medical device

EPS for BC • powers the charger of a detachable battery pack o

the battery of a product that is fully or primarily mot

Taken from 42 U.S.C. 6291(36)

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Detachable Batteries and

Motor­Operated Products

• Fourth type of non­Class A EPS depends on interpretatio

“detachable battery” and “motor­operated”

• DOE interprets “detachable battery” as a battery wholly o

the physical boundaries of the end­use product and inten

be disconnected disconnected from product product for recharging. recharging.

Item 6 DOE requests comment on its interpretation of the def

“detachable battery,” and the impact on EPSs excluded from C

• DOE is only aware of motor­operated products that use

detachable batteries.

Item 5 DOE welcomes comment on any products with detachbatteries that are not motor operated, the wall adapters of whi

also be excluded from Class A EPS standards.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

DOE Developed Terms to Differentiate Phy

Forms from Regulatory Definitions

• Battery charging system: refers to all the components 

to charge and maintain a battery, including: 

– wall adapter; – battery; and

– cradle or charging base;  – consumer product

(if battery is integral)

– All BCs are part of a battery charging system, but not all co

a battery charging system are necessarily BCs

Ba

Cha

Sy

Ba

Ch

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Issues for Interpretation with the

Definition of Battery Charger

“a device that charges batteries for consumer products

battery chargers embedded in consumer products.”

(42 U.S.C. 6291(32))

Battery

Charger

• Are wall adapters adapters included included in the battery battery charger charger definit

definit

• Are batteries included in the battery charger definition?

• For applications with battery chargers and other function

can DOE isolate the battery charging function from other 

for a standard?

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Scope of Battery Chargers Includes Produ

with DC Input Power

• The BC definition does not specify the

type of input power

• DC input power sources include:

– USB ports – Cigarette lighter receptacles in cars

Item 4 DOE seeks comments on including DC­powered batte

within the scope of the BC standards rulemaking.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
S stems

Sc

Graphical Representation of the Scopes of

EPS and BC Standards

Clearly EPS Clearly BC

Wall Adapters Battery Charging 

Systems

External

Power Battery  Supplies Chargers

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
S stems

Sc

There Are Three Potential Outcomes from 

Overlap of Scopes Between EPSs and BC

Wall Adapters Battery Charging

Systems

Clearly BC

y

External

Power

Supplies Battery Chargers

(1) EPS is part of a

battery charging system (2) BC in

wall a

(3) Both an EPS and part of a BC

Clearly EPS Interpretation

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Examples of Battery Charging Systems Powe

Wall Adapters

Wall Adapter Consumer

AC Product

Mains

Wall Adapter

Wall Adapter

ConsumerProduct

AC

Mains

AC

Mains

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Some Wall Adapters Include More Circuitry Th

AC/DC Conversion

• Should DOE consider wall adapters with charge control a

“an external power supply circuit that is used to conve

electric current into DC current or lower­voltage AC cu

operate a consumer product.” (42 U.S.C. 6291(36))

External

Power

Supply

• Wall adapter may provide

additional functionality forbattery charging beyondwhat is contained in

EPCA definition:

– Current and

temperature sensing

– Current limiting

Wall Adapter

AC/DC

Conversion 

Wall Adapter

AC/DC

Conversion

Charge

Control

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
2. Voltage regulation: How the output voltage of the wall ada

Sc

Identifying Charge Control Functionalit

in a Wall Adapter

• DOE is considering possible criteria to help identify those 

adapters that perform charge control functions:

1. Short­circuit operation: How the wall adapter performs wh

short­circuit load is applied.

2. Voltage regulation: How the output voltage of the wall ada

at different loading conditions.

3. No­load voltage: The output voltage of the wall adapter at 

relative to the nameplate output voltage.

4. No­Battery operation: How the application operates with t

batteries removed and the wall adapter connected.

Item 13 DOE is seeking input on these and any additional 

should consider in determining the presence of wall adapte

control functions.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Output Voltage [Vol s]    

Sc

Example: Wall Adapters with Loose Volta

Regulation / Short Circuit Protection

• Output parameters for two wall adapters for portable elec

applications

6543210

5 V, 1 A Generic Wall Ad

5 V, 0.7 A Cellular Wall Adap

0% 25% 50% 75% 

Percentage of Nameplate Output Current

Output Voltage [Volts]

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Issue for Comment

Item 10 DOE welcomes welcomes comment comment on additional additional functionali

functionali

provided by some wall adapters for battery chargers that m

impede their ability to meet the same standards as compa

adapters for other applications (considered EPSs).

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

For Wall Adapters Where the Scope Is Unc

There are Two Key Questions

1. Should a wall adapter that powers a battery charging sy

considered an EPS?

2. Should a wall adapter that powers a battery charging sy

considered part of the BC?

(1) EPS is part of a

battery charging system (2) BC in

wall a

(3) Both an EPS and part of a BC

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
considered part of the B

Sc

For Wall Adapters Where the Scope Is Unc

There are Two Key Questions (cont.)

• DOE identified four distinct approaches to dealing with w

adapters that power battery charging systems.

Q2: Should the wall adapt

considered part of the B

(a) Always (b) Only 

con

Q1: Shouldthe walladapter beconsideredan EPS?

(a) Always

(b) Not if

charge

control

(c) Never

Approach D Approa

evalu

Approach A Appro

Approach B Approa

evalu

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
considered part of the B

Sc

For Wall Adapters Where the Scope Is Unc

There are Two Key Questions (cont.)

• Approach A is DOE’s preferred approach

• Section 3.2.3 of the framework document explains all ap

Q2: Should the wall adapt

considered part of the B

(a) Always (b) Only 

con

Q1: Shouldthe walladapter beconsideredan EPS?

(a) Always

(b) Not if

charge

control

(c) Never

Approach D Approa

evalu

Approach A Appro

Approach B Approa

evalu

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Details of Approach A

Key

AC/DC Conversion

Charge Control

EPS BC Overla

BC & E

Wall Adapter

End­Use ConsumerProduct and Any

Other Enclosures

Wall Adapter

Other Enclosures

Wall Adapter

End­Use ConsumerProduct and AnyOther EnclosuresEnd­Use ConsumerProduct and AnyOther Enclosures

• BCs include all wall ad• Wall adapters  adapters without without 

are EPSs

• Two standards co

• Wall adapters with cha

are not EPSs

• Neither Class A n

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Details of Approach A (cont.)

Advantages

• Harmonizes with previous 

interpretations

Disadvantages

• Two standards could inc

the compliance burden

• Testing and regulation

consistent with use

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Details of Approach B

Key

AC/DC Conversion

Charge Control

EPS BC Overla

BC & E

Wall Adapter

End­Use ConsumerProduct and Any

Other Enclosures

Wall Adapter

Other Enclosures

Wall Adapter

End­Use ConsumerProduct and AnyOther EnclosuresEnd­Use ConsumerProduct and AnyOther Enclosures

• BCs include all wall ad• Wall adapters for adapters for batte

batte

products are not EPSs

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Details of Approach B (cont.)

Advantages Disadvantages

• Only one standard per product • Is inconsistent with the 

definition of Class A EP

• Does not harmonize wit

previous interpretations

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Details of Approach C

Key

AC/DC Conversion

Charge Control

EPS BC Overla

BC & E

Wall Adapter

End­Use ConsumerProduct and Any

Other Enclosures

Wall Adapter

Other Enclosures

Wall Adapter

End­Use ConsumerProduct and AnyOther EnclosuresEnd­Use ConsumerProduct and AnyOther Enclosures

• BCs include all wall ad

charge control

• Wall adapters without 

control are EPSs

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Details of Approach C (cont.)

Advantages Disadvantages

• Harmonizes with previous 

interpretations

• Two standards on differ

of the battery charging scould increase the comp

burden

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Details of Approach D

Key

AC/DC Conversion

Charge Control

EPS BC Overla

BC & E

Wall Adapter

End­Use ConsumerProduct and Any

Other Enclosures

Wall Adapter

Other Enclosures

Wall Adapter

End­Use ConsumerProduct and AnyOther EnclosuresEnd­Use ConsumerProduct and AnyOther Enclosures

• BCs include all wall ad• All wall adapters are adapters are E

regardless of charge c

• Two standards co

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Sc

Details of Approach D (cont.)

Advantages

• Simplifies identification of EPSs 

by relying solely on physical

characteristics

Disadvantages

• Two standards could inc

the compliance burden

• May cause complication

testing wall adapters wi

control as EPSs.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
.

Sc

Comments on the Four Approaches

• All approaches are explained in greater depth in section 

the framework document.

Item 9 DOE seeks comments on the four approaches to inter

BC and EPS definitions to resolve ambiguities in the scope of 

analyses analyses.

Item 11 DOE welcomes comment on the manufacturer burde

compliance with current EISA Class A EPS standards under e

four approaches and seeks information on how DOE can min

burden while ensuring that the standards are being met consithe industry.Item 12 DOE also welcomes comment on the likely manufact

of compliance with possible future EPS and BC standards und

the four approaches. To this end, DOE also seeks information 

industry regarding how the monitoring of compliance with thes

standards can be accomplished.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Morning Agenda

9:00 am–9:05 am Welcome9:05 am–9:10 am Introduction and Agenda Review

9:10 am–9:25 am Regulatory Overview9:25 am–9:40 am Energy Conservation Standards Ru9:40 am–10:10 am Stakeholder Comments

10:10 am–10:25 am Break10:25 am–11:40 am Scope of Analysis

11:40 am–12:30 pm Test Procedures

12:30 pm–1:30 pm Lunch (on your own)

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
– Multiple­Voltage EPS Test Procedure

T

Summary of Test Procedures Section

• Summary of DOE’s current Test Procedures• Updates to BC and EPS Test Procedures

– Review of BC and EPS Standby and Off Mode Test Proced

– Review of the Single­Voltage EPS Test Procedure– Multiple­Voltage EPS Test Procedure

– BC Active Mode Test Procedure:

• Measurement of BC output energy

• Incorporation of usage profiles

• Reduction of testing time

• Incorporation of different depths of discharge

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
T

Test Procedures Introduction

• DOE currently has test procedures for BCs and EPSs:

• Only inactive mode measurement

• Includes: maintenance mode and no­battery m

BCs1

• Incorporates by reference the ENERGY STAR test

procedure2

• Covers single voltage EPSs

EPSs3

• Incorporates by reference the ENERGY STAR test

procedure4

1. DOE test procedure located in Appendix Y to Subpart B of 10 CFR Part 4302. “Test Methodology for Determining the Energy Performance of Battery Charging System

2005

3. DOE test procedure located in Appendix Z to Subpart B of 10 CFR Part 430

4. “Test Method for Calculating the Energy Efficiency of Single­Voltage External AC­DC an

Supplies,” August 11, 2004. 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Input Power (Illustrative)     

   

T

Current DOE Battery Charger Test Proced

Power (Illustrative) Charging Maintenance 

Wall Adaptor Power In

OnlyInact

0 12 24 36 48 

Time [Hours]

Input No measurement

Charging Base

Battery

charging

Empty Full

State of Charge

Emaintenance 

0 12 24 36 48 

Time [Hours]

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
average of

T

Current DOE External Power Supply Test Pro

• The existing single­voltage EPS test measurement measur

efficiency in active mode and power consumption in no­lo

– Average 100%

efficiency is the

average of 80%

0%

0%

efficiency

Efficiency
 measured at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 60% 40% 100% of nameplate

output current. 20%

– No­load power is 

measured at 0% of

25% 50% 

nameplate outputcurrent. Percentage of Nameplate Output 

1. Section 4(a) of Appendix Z to Subpart B of 10 CFR Part 430 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
–

T

Standby and Off Mode Test Procedures f

Both BCs and EPSs

• Standby mode

– On/off switch set to On

– One­hour test period

– Connected to power source

– Disconnected Disconnected from battery battery or load

• If batteries are non­detachable,

measure adapter or cradle alone

• Off mode

– On/off switch set to Off

– One­hour test period

– Connected to power source

– Disconnected from battery or load

• If batteries are non­detachable,

measure adapter or cradle alone

Mains

Energy

In 

Mains

Energy

In

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
­

71

T

Summary of BC and EPS Test Procedure

Covered Product Active Standby 

Off Mode Product Class Mode Mode 

Class A

EPS

General

App. Z, Sec.

3(a) and

App. Z, Sec.

3(a) and

App. Z,

Sec. 3(a) 

SwitchSelectable

High­ Power 4(a)(i) 4(a)(i) and 4(a)(ii)

NonClass A

EPS

High Power

Medical

EPSs for BCs

MultipleVoltage App. Z, Sec. 3(b) and 4(b)(i) App. Z, Sec 3(b) and 4(b)(i) App. Z, Sec. 3(b) and 4(b)(ii) 

BC General Pending App. Y, Sec. 3 and 4(c) App. Y, Sec. 3 and 4(d) 

Final Rule

Proposed Rule Citations in 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
T

Updates to BC and EPS Test Procedure

• DOE may update its BC and EPS test procedure:

– Review of BC and EPS Standby and Off Mode Test Proced

– Review of the Single­Voltage EPS Test Procedure

– Multiple­Voltage EPS Test Procedure

– BC Active Mode Test Procedure

Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 

2009 2010 201

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
–

T

Review of Standby and Off Mode Test Proce

• DOE is considering modifying the test procedure using

suggestions from stakeholder comments received during 

standby and off mode test procedure rulemaking

– Stakeholders suggested decreasing the 1 hour measureme

– DOE is considering is considering the following following testing testing period: period:

• 30 minute warm­up to achieve thermal stability

• 10 minute measurement

– No other changes to standby and off are currently under

consideration

Additional Item The Department invites stakeholder comon changes to the standby and off mode measurement pe

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
all data lines during testing

T

Review of Single­Voltage EPS Test Proced

• DOE is considering amending its single­voltage EPS tes

procedure to accommodate testing of USB­compliant wa

adapters

– Test procedure requires disconnection of

all data lines during testing

– USB wall adapters may require data lines 

to communicate with their loads

• Disconnecting the data lines may impact

maximum current supplied by the wall

adapter

Additional Item The Department invites stakeholder comon changes to the single­voltage EPS test procedure to

accommodate USB­compliant wall adapters.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
T

Multiple Voltage EPS Test Procedure (con

• DOE proposed a test procedure for multiple­voltage EPS

the 2008 standby and off mode test procedure rulemakin

– Stakeholders commented that averaging efficiency measur

25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of nameplate output was notrepresentative of EPS efficiency during typical use

100%

0%

20%40%60%80%

100%

Efficiency

25% 50% 75% 100%

Percentage of Nameplate Output Current

0%

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
T

Multiple Voltage EPS Test Procedure (con

• DOE is considering measuring efficiency at 25%, 50%, 7

100% of nameplate output without averaging the results

• Test procedure would output separate efficiency measur

for each loading point, as well as no­load power

• Results could be weighted at standard­setting phase to r

typical use

Before: TP

4 Active Mode Tests

1 No­Load Mode Test

Standa

Average Eff.

No­Load Power

After:

TP:

4 Active Mode Tests

1 No­Load Mode Test

Standa

Individual Effs.

No­Load Power

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
96

Time Spent i

Application

Each

tate

       

   

       

   

T

Multiple Voltage EPS Test Procedure (con

• DOE may also use the Microsoft Xbox usage profile1 to se

points and weights for the efficiency measurements

168144120

96

724824

0

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 1

Xbox Off:

134 hours/week2% of full load Xbox Activ

31 hours/60–70% 

Xbox Idle:

3 hours/week57% of full load

Percentage of Nameplate Output Current

• Potential equation: Avg. Eff = 0.8 x Eff|2% + 0.2 x Eff|65%

Additional Item The Department invites stakeholder comon the above changes to the previously proposed multiple

voltage EPS test procedure.

Time Spent in Each

ApplicationState
 

[h/wk]
 

1. Sources: NRDC, Nielsen, TIAX, DOE 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
– DOE ma modif ortions of the CEC test rocedure rior 

T

Battery Charger Active Mode Test Proced

• DOE is aware of a test procedure adopted by the Califor

Energy Commission (CEC) that covers all modes, includ

active1

– DOE is considering incorporating some aspects of the CEC 

procedure into the existing DOE test procedure

– DOE may modify portions of the CEC test procedure prior 

incorporation:

1. Measure BC output energy directly

2. Incorporate usage profiles3. Reduce testing time

4. Examine depth of discharge

Item 22 DOE seeks comments on how it should amend 

test procedure to measure energy consumption in active m

1. “Energy Efficiency Battery Charger System Test Procedure,” Version 2.2., November 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
T

1. Directly Measuring Charger Output Ene

Rather than Battery Energy

Battery charger energy consumption is: Econsumed = Einput ­ EoutputOutput energy can be measured in two different ways: 

Compare input

energy to battery

output energy

Compare input

energy to charger

output energy

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
T

1. Directly Measuring Battery Charger Output 

Rather than Battery Energy (cont.)

Battery output energy

Pros• More representative of total energy

losses experienced by consumer of

product

• Ease of measurement

• Will capture improvements that can

be made to battery efficiency

Cons• Measurement uncertainty due to

battery variations

• Longer testing time required

Charger output ene

Pros• Improved accuracy and rep

(battery variability has less 

• Decreased Decreased testing testing time (no 

discharge test)

Cons• Less representative of how

consumers use battery cha

• Could be complicated to ga

• Will not capture improveme

can be made to battery effi

Additional Item The Department welcomes comment omeasuring charger output energy versus battery output e

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
– Some a lications are

T

2. Incorporation of Usage Profiles

• Power consumption of battery charging systems differs i

operating mode

• However, the amount of time that a battery charger spen

each mode depends on application:

– Some applications are pp

often in active mode

– Others are predominantly

in maintenance and unplugged modes

• DOE may need to consider time spent in each mode whe

potential BC standard.

• Current DOE and CEC test procedures do not take into a

the different amounts of time spent in each mode 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
T

2. Incorporation of Usage Profiles (cont

• Including usage profiles in the test procedure will yield a

measurement that represents the average use cycle of t

product as allowable under EPCA:

Any test procedures prescribed or amended under this section sha

reasonably designed to produce test results which measure energ

energy use water use . . . , or estimated estimated annual operating operating cost of a 

product during a representative average use cycle or period of use 

(42 U.S.C. 6293(b)(3))

• The external power supplies test procedure, however, do

include usage profiles, measuring only energy efficiency 

energy use, which is also allowable under EPCA.

• Usage profiles could be included in the test procedure or 

energy conservation standard.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
– Exam le: La to Com uter

T

2. Incorporation of Usage Profiles (cont

• DOE is considering accounting for time spent in each mo

incorporating usage profiles into the BC test procedure

– Assign weights to measurements conducted in each mode– Resultant integrated metric would be representative of typi

consumption

– Example: Laptop Computer

1 Active (Charging) Maintenance No Battery (Standby) Un

Time Spend in Each Mode (hr/wk)

57

18

79

13

Power (Watts)

Mode

1. “No battery” occurs when the computer is disconnected from its wall adapter. 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Time Spent in Each Mode [houPortab

s/week]                    

T

2. Incorporation of Usage Profiles (cont

• Example usage profiles for popular BC applications1

– Usage profiles fall along a spectrum—no clear way to cate

168 Digital 

144 Portab

rs/week]

1. “Energy Use of Plug Load Devices in California Homes” and DOE assumptions

0

24487296

120

Active (Charging) Maintenance No Battery (Standby) Unplugged

Time Spent in Each Mode [hour Portab

CordleDeviceDIY PoMP3 SMobile ProfesNotebo

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Average Battery Ener o

Average Battery Capac tyy           

     

     

T

2. Incorporation of Usage Profiles (cont

• Time spent in each mode can be correlated to BC chara

– E.g., larger batteries are used more intensively, resulting in 

time in active mode

– Can use capacity­related characteristics to categorize usag

5000 50 D

gy Average Battery Energ

[watt­hours]

0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 0 24 48 72

Average Battery Capacity
 

[milliampere­hours]
 

45004000350030002500200015001000

500

45 Po

40

35 Po30 Co

25 De

D

20

ba

15 M

10

M

5

0 0 Pr

No

Time in Maintenance Mode [hours/week] Time in Active Mode [hours/week]

Additional Item The Department invites stakeholder comon categorizing BC usage profiles using capacity character

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
T

3. Shortening Active and Maintenance Mo

Testing Period

• Current DOE (and CEC) test procedures require a 24 ho

– May be burdensome

– May not be representative of typical usage

• DOE is considering shortening the active and maintenan

testing period.

– Shortening active mode testing period to reflect typical usa

hours or until fully charged)

– Shortening maintenance mode measurement (currently 36 

DOE, 4 hours for CEC)

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Input Powemaint. 

(Illustrative)   r (Illustrative) Charging Maintenance   

0 12 24 36 48 

Time [Hours]

Input Power  

Emaintenance 

   

   

T

3. Shortening Active and Maintenance Mo

Testing Period (cont.)

Wall

Adaptor

Power

In

Charging Base

Battery

charging

r (Illustrative) Charging Maintenance E E

Empty Full

State of Charge

0 12 24 36 48 

Time [Hours]

Input Power 

Eactive Emaint. ENo

0 12 24 36 48 

Time [Hours]

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
roducts that use rechar eable batteries.

T

3. Shortening Active and Maintenance Mode T

Period (cont.)

Additional Item The Department invites stakeholder comon shortening of active and maintenance mode testing pe

in particular regarding typical charging times for consume

products p that use rechargeable batteries.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
• This may not be representative of

T

4. Active Mode Testing at Other Depths­of­Dis

• Current DOE test procedure requires testing of the batte

charger while recharging a fully discharged (100% depth

discharge) battery.

• This may not be representative of

the way many or even mostapplications are used: 

– Laptop Computers – Cellular Telephones – Consumer Power Tools

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
T

4. Active Mode Testing at Other Depths­of­Dis

(cont.)

• DOE is considering incorporating measurement of the en

consumed by the charger when recharging a battery at 4

depth­of­discharge.

­20%

­40%

­60%­80%

­100%

• Precedent: Part 2 of the CEC test procedure requires tes

BCs with batteries at 100%, 80%, and 40% depth­of­disc

Additional Item The Department invites stakeholder comon representative depths­of­discharge for common end­usconsumer product applications. 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Lunch

• We will resume the public meeting in 60 minutes.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
1:30 pm–1:45 pm

1:45 pm–1:55 pm

1:55 pm–2:15 pm

2:15 pm–2:35 pm

2:35 pm–2:45 pm

2:45 pm–3:05 pm

3:05 pm–3:20 pm

3:20 pm–3:30 pm

3:30 pm–3:45 pm

3:45 pm–4:00 pm

4:00 pm–4:30 pm

Afternoon Agenda

Market AssessmentProduct Price DeterminationEnergy Use and End Use Load Char

Technology AssessmentScreening AnalysisEngineering AnalysisBreakPreliminary Manufacturer Impact Ana

Life­Cycle Cost AnalysisNational Impact Analysis

Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
–

Goals of the Rulemaking

• DOE will evaluate whether to issue standards by July 20

• External power supply example:

– The EISA 2007 EPS standard is for one product class.

– The July 2011 EPS standard standard could be for multiple multiple product product 

Nameplate Output Power [W

Efficiency [%]

Nameplate Output Power [W]

Efficiency [%] EISA 2007 Standard

July 2011 Standard 

Maximum no­load power = 0.5 watts Maximum no­load power ≤ 0.5 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
DOE Will Present the Analyses That Constitu

Preliminary Analysis

The following presentations will focus on two aspects of the a• Structure. For all analyses DOE will explain to stakehold

structure of each analysis, including purpose and methodo

• Draft Data. For certain analyses DOE will present draft da

might be included in the preliminary analysis.

• Stakeholders are encouraged to comment on the structure 

particular, the draft data presented.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Afternoon Agenda

1:30 pm–1:45 pm Market Assessment1:45 pm–1:55 pm Product Price Determination

1:55 pm–2:15 pm Energy Use and End Use Load Char

2:15 pm–2:35 pm Technology Assessment

2:35 pm–2:45 pm Screening Analysis

2:45 pm–3:05 pm Engineering Analysis

3:05 pm–3:20 pm Break3:20 pm–3:30 pm Preliminary Manufacturer Impact Ana

3:30 pm–3:45 pm Life­Cycle Cost Analysis3:45 pm–4:00 pm National Impact Analysis

4:00 pm–4:30 pm Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market and

Market 

Preliminary Analyses

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Preliminary Analyses

96

Energy Use andEnd­Use LoadCharacterization

Market andTechnologyAssessmentScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

ProductPriceDetermination

Life­CycleCost andPayback Period Analysis

ShipmentsAnalysis

PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market 

Market Assessment Topics

• Product Applications & Information

– Importance of applications– List of applications

– Lifetime– Market drivers and trends

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market 

Understanding BCs and EPSs Requires Underst

Consumer Product Applications They Pow

• Characteristics of the application directly affect BC and E

– Shipments– Lifetime– Power requirements

– Usage profiles

– Energy consumption

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market 

Over 70 Applications Use a

Battery Charger or External Power Supp

See Hand

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market 

Consumer Product Lifetimes

• DOE is considering using application lifetime as a proxy for BC 

Application Lifetime Application L

CamcordersUniversal Battery ChargersDigital CamerasMobile PhonesInk­Jet MFDs and printers

6

46

25

Notebook Computers

Personal Care ProductsLAN equipment

Portable Media Players

Power Tools (DIY and Pro)

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Annual Shipments (s ale logarithmic) Mobile hones

    

Market 

EPS Distribution in the Market

Annual Shipments (scale logarithmic)

1,000,000,000

100,000,000

10,000,000

1,000,000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Nameplate Output Power [W]

Computer speCordless PhonInkjet MFDs aLAN Equipme

Mobile phones

MP3 Speaker 

Notebook com

Portable DVD 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
A liance Ma azine 

Market 

Some Sources DOE is Considering Using to D

Market Characteristics.

Publisher Title 

Appliance Magazine

Appliance pp Magazine

Consumer Electronics 

Association

Darnell GroupTIAX

Annual Report: A Ten­Year Review of the U.S.

Appliance IndustryAnnual Portrait of the U.S. Appliance Industry.US Consumer Sales and Forecasts

External AC­DC Power Supplies: World WideForecasts

Assessment of Analyses Performed for theCalifornia Energy Efficiency Regulations for

Consumer Electronics Products

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
s pmen s.

Market 

Issues on Which DOE Seeks Comment

Item 56, 57 DOE welcomes comments on its lifetime esti

and data for all applications that use EPSs and BCs.Item 17 DOE seeks comments and input on BC and EPS

shipments. hi

Additional Item DOE seeks data on the distribution of BC 

EPS efficiency across the market.

Additional Item DOE seeks comment on drivers of BC a

efficiency, such as technological advances, consumer de

for portability, or international agreements and standards.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market 

Market Trends ­ Mobile Phones

• 18 mobile phone manufacturers are moving to adopt a “U

Charging Standard” based around micro­USB interface a

as 2010.

• Mobile phone wall adapters will migrate to 5V output and 

lower no­load consumption.

• The standard aims to eliminate the need to package an E

each phone.

• May reduce EPS shipments for mobile phones by 50%*.

*GSM Association. “Mobile Industry Unites to Drive Universal Charging Solution for Mobile Phones” F

17, 2009.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
$6.7 

Delta Electronics: 9%

Lite­On Technology

A t : 6% 

Others: 55%

Astec: 6%

FRIWO Grou

Phihong: 5%

Salcomp: 4%

Leader Electronics:

Dee Van Enterprises: 2%

Acbel Polytech: 2%

FSP Group: 2%

$5

billion

Market 

The More Than 300 EPS Manufacturers Worl

Generated $5 Billion in Revenues in 200

s ec

2008 World Market

$6.7

billion

2008 North American

Market

$2.4

billion

Source: Darnell Group. 2005, 2008. 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Afternoon Agenda

1:30 pm–1:45 pm Market Assessment1:45 pm–1:55 pm Product Price Determination

1:55 pm–2:15 pm Energy Use and End Use Load Char

2:15 pm–2:35 pm Technology Assessment

2:35 pm–2:45 pm Screening Analysis

2:45 pm–3:05 pm Engineering Analysis

3:05 pm–3:20 pm Break3:20 pm–3:30 pm Preliminary Manufacturer Impact Ana

3:30 pm–3:45 pm Life­Cycle Cost Analysis3:45 pm–4:00 pm National Impact Analysis

4:00 pm–4:30 pm Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market and

Product Price 

Preliminary Analyses

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Preliminary Analyses

107

Energy Use andEnd­Use LoadCharacterization

Market andTechnologyAssessment

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

ProductPriceDetermination

Life­CycleCost andPayback Period Analysis

ShipmentsAnalysis

PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Product Price 

Product Price Determination

• Definition

– The Product Price Determination derives the end­user (con

price of BCs and EPSs.

• Details

– Details also provided in Chapter 7 of the Framework Docum

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
marku at each link in the distribution chain to arrive at r

Product Price 

Steps

• Start at the point where the EPS or BC is first sold.

• Examine distribution channels to see where markups oc• Use gross margin data of major market players to determ

markup at each link in the distribution chain to arrive at r

price.

• Apply national population­weighted average sales tax to 

post­tax end­user price.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Product Price 

Examples

Battery Chargers External Power Supplies

Component Manufacturers BC

Example

MSP

x1.37

x1.069

BC Manufacturers 

OEMs

Consumer Product Retailers

Taxes

Component Manufacturers

EPS Manufacturers 

Consumer Product

Retailers

OEMs EPS Distributors

Taxes

=1.46 Consumers Consumers 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Product Price 

Assumptions

• The incremental production cost associated with manufa

more efficient devices is all passed on to the consumer.

• The BC or EPS “component” of an end­use product is m

the same amount as the end­use product.

• Product markup is taken to be the average markup acros

company’s products and services.

Item 52 DOE seeks comments on the methodology for cal

the product price for BCs and EPSs, including assumptionthe percent of shipments passing through each distribution 

and the markups associated with each channel.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Afternoon Agenda

1:30 pm–1:45 pm Market Assessment

1:45 pm–1:55 pm Product Price Determination

1:55 pm–2:15 pm Energy Use and End Use Load Chara

2:15 pm–2:35 pm Technology Assessment

2:35 pm–2:45 pm Screening Analysis

2:45 pm–3:05 pm Engineering Analysis

3:05 pm–3:20 pm Break

3:20 pm–3:30 pm Preliminary Manufacturer Impact Anal

3:30 pm–3:45 pm Life­Cycle Cost Analysis

3:45 pm–4:00 pm National Impact Analysis

4:00 pm–4:30 pm Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market and

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Preliminary Analyses

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Preliminary Analyses

113

Energy Use andEnd­Use LoadCharacterization

Market andTechnologyAssessment

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

ProductPriceDetermination

Life­CycleCost andPayback Period Analysis

ShipmentsAnalysis

PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
t e use an power requ rements o a or .

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Unit Energy Consumption and End Use Lo

Characterization

• Purpose

– To determine energy use of BCs and EPSs.

• Method

– Examine how consumers use product applications. Model applica

the use and power requirements i of BC a or EPS.

• Outputs

– BC and EPS unit energy consumption under each efficiency scena

(Candidate Standard Levels, or CSLs are discussed in the next seOutputs are used in the Life Cycle Cost and the National Impact a

• Additional Information

– Details also provided in Chapter

6 of the Framework Document.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
–

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Topics to be Discussed

• Deriving Energy Use of an EPS or BC

– Assumptions

• Battery Chargers

– BC modes

– BC usage profiles profiles

• External Power Supplies

– EPS modes and application states– EPS power consumption

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
assumes t at e c ency o t e oes not a 

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Basic Assumptions about Usage

• DOE assumes that usage profiles do not change over th

of analysis.

• DOE assumes that efficiency ffi i of the BC/EPS does not af

usage.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
in Each Mode

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Battery Charger and External Power Supply E

Consumption

• Measuring energy consumption for BCs and EPSs requi

looking at modes.

Power Consumed 

Unit Energy

Consumption

Time Spent in each 

Mode

in Each Mode

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Battery Charger Modes

BC Mode Status of BC

Connection

to Mains

Status of Battery BC On/O

Selec

(If Sw

Pres

Active

MaintenanceNo­Battery /StandbyOffUnplugged

Connected

Connected

Connected

Connected

Disconnected

Charging

Fully Charged

Disconnected

Disconnected

—

O

O

O

O

—

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
et o : s cons er ng exam n ng act ve t me sep

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Battery Charger Usage Profiles

• Method 1: DOE is considering including 24* hour charge 

as part of its usage profiles for battery chargers.

– Consistent with test procedure

– May not reflect actual use

• M h d 2 Method 2: DOE is considering id examining active time sep

from maintenance time.

– Reflects actual energy consumption more closely

– Difficult to distinguish between active and maintenance mo

* 24 hours or as determined by the BC Active and Maintenance Mode test period.

Item 46 DOE requests comments on the use of 24*­hour charg

for estimating energy consumption for BCs in active mode.Additional Item DOE seeks input on methods for separating ac

mode time from maintenance mode time.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Battery Charger Usage Profiles

Example BC usage profile – Portable Media Devices (MP3 players)

Method 1: 24 Hour Cycles

24­HourCharge Cycles

Charge Cycle Time Maintenance

mode

No­batterymode

Unplmod

Cycles / week Hours / week Hours / week Hours / week Hour

1 24 18 0 

Method 2: Separate Active Mode

Active mode Maintenance

mode

No­batterymode

Unplmod

Hours / week Hours / week Hours / week Hour

5 37 0 

Item 45 DOE seeks alternate sources, databases or methodo

with which to develop BC usage profiles.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Energy Use/End Use­Load C

External Power Supply Modes

EPS Mode Status of EPS

Connection

to Mains

Status of EPS

Connection to

Application

EPS O

Switch S

(If Swi

Pres

Active Connected Connected O

NoLoad/Standby Connected Disconnected OOff Connected Disconnected OUnplugged Disconnected — —

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Energy Use/End Use­Load C

External Power Supply Usage Profiles

Example Simple EPS usage profile – Multifunction Device

Active Mode No­Load Unplugged Total

mode mode

Hours / week Hours / week Hours / week Hours / week

168 0 0 168

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
is 80% of Pout and a low active draw is 15%.

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Application States

• All energy consuming application states are part of EPS active 

• Different application states may require different percentages o

output power from the EPS.

• Output power is directly tied to power consumption.

• Where measured EPS output power as a percentage of namep

power is not available, DOE assumes that

a high­power applica

is 80% of Pout and

a low active draw is 15%.

Application States for Multifunction Device with 40

W EPS

EPSMode

ApplicationState

EPS OutputPower, W

Percent ofNameplate OutpuPower

Printing, etc. 32.0 80

Active Idle 9.0 23

Off 6.0 15

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Energy Use/End Use­Load C

External Power Supply Usage Profiles

Example Expanded EPS usage profile – Multifunction Device

Active Mode No­Load

mode

Unpluggedmode

Tota

Printing Idle Off

Hours / week Hours / week Hours / week Hours / week Hours / week Hou

wee

1 31 136 0 0 16

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Power Cons mption

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Calculating EPS Power Consumption

No­Load Mode

No load power consumptionis measured as PIN of the

EPS when it is not

connected to a load.

Power Consumption

No Load Power

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Power Cons mption

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Calculating EPS Power Consumption

Active Mode

• Test procedure measures

efficiency at 25%, 50%,

75% and 100% of

Nameplate Output Power

(points (points 2, 3, 4, and 5) and

calculates the average.

• EPS power consumption

within these 4 points is

equal to PIN*(1­efficiency)

or POUT(1/efficiency­1)

umption Power Consu

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
mode:

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Calculating EPS Power Consumption

Active Mode

• However not all application states fall between 25­100% 

nameplate output power.

• DOE is considering dividing power consumption calculat

two methods to measure EPS power consumption in act

mode:

1. A measurement of power

consumption for application

states requiring 25% or

more of POUT

2. A measurement of power

consumption for application

states requiring less than

25% of POUT

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Application States Requiring More than 25

Nameplate Output Power

• Use output power and

average efficiency to

calculate EPS power

consumption.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
• Instead, DOE is proposing

Power Cons mption

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Application States Requiring Less than 25% 

Nameplate Output Power

• Using average active

mode efficiency for states

below 25% may not be the

best method.

umption

• Instead, DOE is proposing

to use a combination ofPNL and average active

mode efficiency.

Power Consu

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Additional Item DOE requests alternative sources for ap

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

Additional Item DOE requests comments on its workingassumption that the highest active mode application state 80 percent of nameplate output power and that the lowest 

mode application state requires 15 percent of nameplate opower.

Additional Item DOE requests alternative sources for ap

state loading points.Item 50 DOE requests comments on its proposed method

for calculating energy consumption at output levels below percent of nameplate output power.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Printing, etc. . 

Energy Use/End Use­Load C

EPS Usage and Unit Energy Consumptio

Usage Profile and Energy Consumption for Multifunction Device with 40 W E

EPS Mode Application

State

Usage,hours/week

EPS PowerConsumption,watts

Energy CoWatt hour

Active

Printing, etc.

IdleOff

1

31

136

7.6

2.21.6

6

2

No LoadUnplugged

Disconnectedfrom EPSDisconnectedfrom EPS

00

0.5

0

Total 2

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Afternoon Agenda

1:30 pm–1:45 pm Market Assessment1:45 pm–1:55 pm Product Price Determination

1:55 pm–2:15 pm Energy Use and End Use Load Char

2:15 pm–2:35 pm Technology Assessment

2:35 pm–2:45 pm Screening Analysis

2:45 pm–3:05 pm Engineering Analysis

3:05 pm–3:20 pm Break3:20 pm–3:30 pm Preliminary Manufacturer Impact Ana

3:30 pm–3:45 pm Life­Cycle Cost Analysis3:45 pm–4:00 pm National Impact Analysis

4:00 pm–4:30 pm Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market and

Technolo

Preliminary Analyses

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Preliminary Analyses

133

Energy Use and

End­Use Load

Characterization

Market and

Technology

Assessment

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Product

Price

Determination

Life­Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Shipments

Analysis

Preliminary

Manufacturer

Impact

Analysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Technology Options to improve efficiency

Technolo

Relationship of Market and Technology Asses

to other Analyses

Technology Options to improve efficiency

Technology

Assessment Product Cla

Design Options to improve efficiency

Screening Analysis

Engineering Analysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
v es covere pro uc s n o c asses y

Technolo

Product Classes

• DOE will characterize EPSs in the market, looking for

differences that warrant unique standard levels, termed

“product classes

”

• DOE divides covered products into classes

by:

(42 U.S.C. 6295(q))

– The type of energy used

• Example for battery chargers: AC input power or DC in

– DOE can divide products into product classes based 

capacity or performance­related features 

• Example for external power supplies: Output voltage

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Technolo

Example: External Power Supply Product Cl

Could Be Divided by Output Voltage, Vo

Nameplate Output Power [W]

Efficiency [%] Vout_low

Vout_mid

Nameplate Outpu

Efficiency [%]

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Technolo

Example: Product Classes in the

Energy Star 2.0 EPS Specification *

• Energy Star has two product classes:

– Standard Models

– Low­Voltage Models

* ENERGY STAR® Program Requirements for Single Voltage External Ac­Dc and Ac­Ac Power Supplies 

Eligibility Criteria (Version 2.0) 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
amep a e N l t   <12 volts PC 1 PC 2 PC 3

Technolo

Product Classes Developed for the 2007

Determination Analysis

• EPS product classes based on interviews with manufact

Nameplate Output Power

<4 watts 4–60 watts >60 watts

Nameplate

Output

Voltage

<12 volts PC 1 PC 2 PC 3

≥12 volts PC 4 PC 5 PC 6

• BC product classes based on interviews with manufactu

market surveys:

Nameplate

Output

<3 volts PC 1

3–9 volts PC 2

Voltage >9 volts PC 3

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Technolo

Potential DOE Process for Establishing N

Product Classes for BCs and EPSs

• Divisions between product classes could be influenced b

of applicability of circuit topologies or designs

– “Topology” is the underlying circuit design of the power con

– Each topology could be analyzed separately as it may not 

possible to reliably scale analysis results from one topology another

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Co

Technolo

Potential DOE Process for Establishing Pro

Classes for BCs and EPSs (cont.)

Differing 

Capacity­ or Performance­ Power Converter Cost­Efficien

Related Features Topologies Relationship

Output Power

st

Output Power

Output

Voltage

Output

Voltage Ripple

Choice of

Topology

LineFrequency

Flyback

Eff.

Cost

Eff.

Cost

Power Factor

Additional Item DOE seeks comment on the above impacts type, capacity, and performance­related features on topology

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
ona unc ona y

Technolo

Additional BC Product Class Divisions to Con

From Practical Considerations for Testing th

• Battery Specified for the Application

– Battery is selected by the tester because it is not supplied or recom

the BC.

• Additional Functionality F ti lit

– Indicator Light– Automatic Battery Conditioning– Other non­battery charger functions

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
developing product classes, and how the low

­voltage division 

Technolo

Issues for Comment

Item 23 DOE seeks comments on BC product class divisions

whether battery voltage is the appropriate product classificatiocriterion, and/or whether DOE should take into account other 

such as charge rate, battery capacity, or battery chemistry.

Item 26 DOE seeks comments on how to consider output vol

developing product classes, and how the low

­voltage division 

vary with EPS output power.Item 27 DOE seeks comments on the possible approaches d

concerning EPS product classes, and invites interested partie

propose alternative approaches and/or other factors DOE sho

consider in developing product classes for the preliminary ana

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Technolo

Technology Options for External Power Sup

• Low­Power Integrated Circuits:

– Substitute energy­efficient IC controllers for generic IC controllers

– ICs that skip cycles or lower switching frequency at low load save en

– ICs that perform zero­voltage/zero­current switching save energy

• Schottky Diodes and Synchronous Rectification:

– Lower losses in the output rectifier.

• Low­Loss Transistors:

– Reduce loss in the switching transistor due to drain­to­source resista

(RDS_ON)—up to a point

• Low­Loss Snubbers:

– Recycle excess energy rather than dissipating it.

• Improved Transformer Core Material

– Particularly useful with line­frequency designs; reduces losses in tran

cores

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Technolo

Technology Options for Slow Charging B

• Improved Cores:

– Replacing transformer cores with ones made of lower­loss steel.

• Termination:

– Substantially decreasing the charge current to the battery after it has 

charge.

• Limitation of Maintenance Current:

– Provide current pulses to "top off" the battery as needed.

• Complete Elimination of Maintenance/No­Battery Current:

– Automatically disconnect from the mains supply when the battery is fu

or removed.

• Switched­Mode Power Supply:

– Replace line­frequency power supplies with switched­mode power su

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Technolo

Technology Options for Fast Charging B

• Applicable options for fast­charging BCs from EPSs:

– Low­Power Integrated Circuits

– Schottky Diodes and Synchronous Rectification

– Low­Loss Transistors

– Low­Loss Snubbers Snubbers

– Improved transformer core material

• Applicable options for BCs from slow chargers:

– Limitation of Maintenance Current

– Elimination of Maintenance/No­Battery Current

• SCR Phase control

– Circuit similar to a light dimmer used with high­power chargers

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Technolo

Issues for Comment

Item 30 DOE seeks comments on the preliminary techn

options identified in this section and whether there are o

technology options it should consider.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Afternoon Agenda

1:30 pm–1:45 pm Market Assessment1:45 pm–1:55 pm Product Price Determination

1:55 pm–2:15 pm Energy Use and End Use Load Char

2:15 pm–2:35 pm Technology Assessment

2:35 pm–2:45 pm Screening Analysis

2:45 pm–3:05 pm Engineering Analysis

3:05 pm–3:20 pm Break3:20 pm–3:30 pm Preliminary Manufacturer Impact Ana

3:30 pm–3:45 pm Life­Cycle Cost Analysis3:45 pm–4:00 pm National Impact Analysis

4:00 pm–4:30 pm Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market and

Scre

Preliminary Analyses

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Preliminary Analyses

148

Energy Use and

End­Use Load

Characterization

Market and

Technology

Assessment

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Product

Price

Determination

Life­Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Shipments

Analysis

Preliminary

Manufacturer

Impact

Analysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
criteria:

Scre

Purpose

• Screen out technology options that DOE will not consid

engineering analysis.

Approach

• DOE will evaluate each technology option based on the 

criteria:

Impacts on health or safety

Impacts on product utility or availability to consumers

Practicability to manufacture, install and service

Technological feasibility

• See Appendix A to Subpart C of 10 CFR Part 430 (4)(a)(4

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Scre

Issues for Comment

Item 31 DOE seeks comments on how the four screening c

might apply to the technology options discussed in section the Framework Document, as well as any additional techno

option(s) that an interested party recommends to DOE.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Afternoon Agenda

1:30 pm–1:45 pm Market Assessment1:45 pm–1:55 pm Product Price Determination

1:55 pm–2:15 pm Energy Use and End Use Load Char

2:15 pm–2:35 pm Technology Assessment

2:35 pm–2:45 pm Screening Analysis

2:45 pm–3:05 pm Engineering Analysis

3:05 pm–3:20 pm Break3:20 pm–3:30 pm Preliminary Manufacturer Impact Ana

3:30 pm–3:45 pm Life­Cycle Cost Analysis3:45 pm–4:00 pm National Impact Analysis

4:00 pm–4:30 pm Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market and

Engin

Preliminary Analyses

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Preliminary Analyses

152

Energy Use and

End­Use Load

Characterization

Market and

Technology

Assessment

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Product

Price

Determination

Life­Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Shipments

Analysis

Preliminary

Manufacturer

Impact

Analysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
   

Engin

Goals of the Engineering Analysis

• A key factor in setting the standard is the increased cost 

efficient product.

• The Engineering Analysis determines the relationship be

cost and efficiency.

– This relationship helps determine the minimal life­cycle cos

High 

Cost­efficiency 

curve

Cost [$]
 

Life­Cycle Cost [$]
 operating 

cost 

Target standa

Efficiency [%] Efficien

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
V

EfficiencyDefine%]

Engin

Choose Representative Product Classe

• DOE will analyze a subset of representa

classes and scale the results to all produ

Nameplate Output Power [W]

Nameplate Outpu

Choose

Representative

Product Classes

Develop

Cost­Efficiency

Curves

Scale

Results

Develop

Candidate

Standard Levels

Define

Representative

Units

Vout_m

[%] Efficiency [

Efficiency [%]

This portion of the presentation focuses on E

but applies equally to BCs.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Define

Engin

Choose

Representative

Product Classes

Develop

Cost­Efficiency

Curves

Scale

Results

Define

Representative

Units

Develop

Candidate

Standard Levels

Define Representative Units

• Representative units are theoretical unit

all characteristics are fixed except efficien

• By varying efficiency, DOE can observe it

cost.

Vout_mid

Efficiency [%] Representative Data Point

Other Unit Data Points

Nameplate Output Power [W] 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Engin

Issues for Comment

Item 34 DOE invites comments on the identification and

selection of representative product classes and on modemay serve as good representative units within each prod

class. DOE also seeks comments on appropriate scaling

relationships among product classes for both BCs and E

Item 35 DOE seeks comments on representative produ

classes and selection of representative units from those

representative product classes.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Define

Engin

Develop Candidate Standard Levels (CSLs

Choose

Representative

Product Classes

Develop

Cost­Efficiency

Curves

Scale

Results

Develop

Candidate

Standard Levels

Define

Representative

Units

Efficiency

• CSL 0 is the baseline level – it reflects the l

efficiency in the market.

• Any CSLs could be the eventual standard l

Vout_mid

Efficiency [%]

CSL 

Nameplate Output Power [W] 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Define as eve ope sca ng or ou pu pow

Engin

Scaling Test Data and Manufacturer Data Wit

Product Class to Develop Cost­Efficiency C

Choose

Representative

Product Classes

Develop

Cost­Efficiency

Curves

Scale

Results

Develop

Candidate

Standard Levels

Define

Representative

Units

• DOE can incorporate data for units from wi

class that are similar to the representative u

o Larger dataset in the analysis

• DOE

has developed d l scaling for output pow

voltage, and production volume.

Representative Unit

Pout

Efficiency [%]

Nameplate Output Power [W

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Define

Engin

Choose

Representative

Product Classes

Develop

Cost­Efficiency

Curves

Scale

Results

Develop

Candidate

Standard Levels

Define

Representative

Units

Proprietary Designs

• DOE will evaluate all design options that ar

commercially available or present in a workprototype, including proprietary designs antechnologies.

• CSLs will only be based on proprietary des

do not present the only path to the efficienc

• The confidentiality of manufacturers will be

maintained.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
from those of the representative units.

efficienc data for EPSs with out ut ower and out ut volta 

Engin

Issues for Comment

Item 33 DOE seeks recommendations on possible candidat

levels to use when analyzing EPSs and BCs.

Item 38 DOE seeks comments on methods for normalizing c

efficiency data for EPSs with output power and output voltagfrom those of the representative units.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Define

• This is the ke out ut of the En ineerin An

Engin

Determine the Cost of the Representative 

at Each Candidate Standard Level

y p g g 

Theoretical

Cost­Efficiency Curve

Efficienc

Cost [$]

CSL 0 CSL 

Implementati

Cost­Efficienc

Efficiency [%]

Cost [$] Develop Cost­Efficiency

Curves

Scale

Results

Develop

Candidate

Standard Levels

Define

Representative

Units

Choose

Representative

Product Classes

• The cost of each CSL is based on data from

1. Testing and teardowns (primary metho

2. Manufacturer interviews

• This is the key output of the Engineering An

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Engin

Issues for Comment

Item 37 DOE invites manufacturers to work with DOE in the 

to help develop aggregated curves of manufacturer selling p

efficiency for the various representative units.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Define rom e represen a ve pro uc c asses 

Engin

Scale CSLs from Representative Units Acr

All Product Classes

• DOE scales the CSLs

• from representative units to

the whole representative product class

•

from the representative product classes

all of the product classes

Develop

Cost­Efficiency

Curves

Scale

Results

Nameplate Output 

Choose

Representative

Product Classes

Develop

Candidate

Standard Levels

Define

Representative

Units

Efficiency [%]

Vout_mid

CSL

0

CSL 1CSL

2

Nameplate Output Power [W]

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Engin

Issues for Comment

Item 36 DOE seeks comments on the scaling of findings fro

representative product classes to other product classes that 

not explicitly analyze.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
OnlyProduction CDefine CSL 1 Basis:

st [$]       

Engin

Example: Cost­Efficiency Curve: 18 W EPS 

Medical Nebulizer *

Choose

Representative

Product Classes

Develop

Cost­Efficiency

Curves

Scale

Results

Develop

Candidate

Standard Levels

Define

Representative

Units

Efficiency­OnlyProduction Cost [$]
 CSL 2 Basis: $6.00

Medical Cost­Efficiency Points

Medical Scaled Cost­Efficiency Points

Class A Scaled Cost­Efficiency Points C

V Eff. Level

CSL 0 Basis:

Test Unit

CSL 1 Basis:

IV Eff. Level

$5.50 $5.00$4.50$4.00$3.50$3.00$2.50

60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85

Efficiency [%]

* Example data taken from unpublished analysis on non­Class 

Data could differ in final publication. 

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Afternoon Agenda

1:30 pm–1:45 pm Market Assessment1:45 pm–1:55 pm Product Price Determination

1:55 pm–2:15 pm Energy Use and End Use Load Char

2:15 pm–2:35 pm Technology Assessment

2:35 pm–2:45 pm Screening Analysis

2:45 pm–3:05 pm Engineering Analysis

3:05 pm–3:20 pm Break3:20 pm–3:30 pm Preliminary Manufacturer Impact Ana

3:30 pm–3:45 pm Life­Cycle Cost Analysis3:45 pm–4:00 pm National Impact Analysis

4:00 pm–4:30 pm Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Break

• We will resume the public meeting in 15 minutes.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Afternoon Agenda

1:30 pm–1:45 pm Market Assessment1:45 pm–1:55 pm Product Price Determination

1:55 pm–2:15 pm Energy Use and End Use Load Char

2:15 pm–2:35 pm Technology Assessment

2:35 pm–2:45 pm Screening Analysis

2:45 pm–3:05 pm Engineering Analysis

3:05 pm–3:20 pm Break3:20 pm–3:30 pm Preliminary Manufacturer Impact Ana

3:30 pm–3:45 pm Life­Cycle Cost Analysis3:45 pm–4:00 pm National Impact Analysis

4:00 pm–4:30 pm Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market and

Preliminary Manufacturer I

Preliminary Analyses

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Preliminary Analyses

169

Energy Use andEnd­Use LoadCharacterization

Market andTechnologyAssessment

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

ProductPriceDetermination

Life­CycleCost andPayback Period Analysis

ShipmentsAnalysis

PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Preliminary Manufacturer I

Purpose

• Provide initial discussion on any potential impacts o

conservation standards on manufacturers of battery

chargers and external power supplies.

• Provide Provide an opportunity opportunity to verify DOE market inform

inform

and engineering design options.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Preliminary Manufacturer I

Methodology

• The MIA consists of three main phases. In the Prelimina

Analysis, the preliminary MIA focuses on Phase 1

Preliminary Analysis NOPR

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Industry

profile

Develop

straw­man

GRIM*

Develop

interview

guide

Interviews

& industrywide /

subgroup

analyses

Preliminary

MIA

Interviews

* Government Regulatory Impact Model (GRIM)

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
» Evaluate industr structure and » Occurs durin the en inee

Preliminary Manufacturer I

Methodology: Phase 1

• Consists of the industry profile and preliminary manuf

impact analysis interviews

Industry Profile

» Evaluate industry structure and

Preliminary MIA Inter

y » Occurs during the enginee

market characteristics

» Produce an industry profile report» Identify critical issues that require

special consideration in the MIA, for

example:

» Types or groups of manufacturers

» Access to technology

» Potential regulatory scenarios

g g 

analysis interviews

» Topics include:

» Shipment projections» Conversion costs» Product mix and profita» Market shares and indu

consolidation

» Cumulative regulatory b

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Afternoon Agenda

1:30 pm–1:45 pm Market Assessment1:45 pm–1:55 pm Product Price Determination

1:55 pm–2:15 pm Energy Use and End Use Load Char

2:15 pm–2:35 pm Technology Assessment

2:35 pm–2:45 pm Screening Analysis

2:45 pm–3:05 pm Engineering Analysis

3:05 pm–3:20 pm Break3:20 pm–3:30 pm Preliminary Manufacturer Impact Ana

3:30 pm–3:45 pm Life­Cycle Cost Analysis3:45 pm–4:00 pm National Impact Analysis

4:00 pm–4:30 pm Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market and

Life­Cycle Cost and Paybac

Preliminary Analyses

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Preliminary Analyses

174

Energy Use and

End­Use Load

Characterization

Market and

Technology

Assessment

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Product

Price

Determination

Life­Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Shipments

Analysis

Preliminary

Manufacturer

Impact

Analysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Life­Cycle Cost and Paybac

Purpose

• Assess the payback period (PBP) and the net life­cycle co

impacts on the consumer of potential BC and EPS standar

Method

• Economic evaluation from the consumer perspective

• Results Results expressed expressed as LCC difference difference (baseline (baseline minus stan

stan

• Analysis implemented in an Excel® spreadsheet

This presentation only explains the structure of the LCC; it do

present preliminary results.

Consumer Life

Cycle Cost

(Baseline and Standard)

LCC im

(difference b

baseline and 

Operating CostPurchase Price

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Marku s

Life­Cycle Cost and Paybac

LCC Flowchart

From

Engineering

Analysis

(Price is a

Function of

Efficiency)

From

Product Price

Determination

Baseline

Manufacturer

Selling Price

Standard­Level

Manufacturer

Selling Price

Retailer and

Distributor

Markups

Consumer Retail

Price

Determination

Analysis

From Energy Use

& End Use LoadCharacterization

Analysis

(Energy Use &

Load are a

Function of

Efficiency)

p

Sales Tax

Unit Energy

Consumption

Electricity

Prices

Annual Energy

Cost

Lifetime Discount 

Electricity Price Trend

Lifetime

Operating

Expense

Payback Period 

From

Market

Assessment

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
– ven t oug pro ucts us ng s an s are a so 

Life­Cycle Cost and Paybac

DOE Intends to Focus Analysis on the

Residential Sector

• In assessing the impact on consumers, DOE will focus o

residential sector.

– The scope of the rulemaking focuses on “consumer

products”

– Even though d proucts using BCs and EPSs are also 

commercial and industrial sectors DOE will:

o Use residential usage profiles when calculating u

energy consumption

o Use residential electricity and discount rates whe

calculating life­cycle cost

Item 53 DOE seeks comments on its intention to focus its

preliminary LCC analysis on the residential sector, and no

commercial or industrial sectors.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Life­Cycle Cost and Paybac

Discount Rate

• Discount rates are used to convert streams of annual op

expenses to present value in the LCC analysis.

• DOE will derive a distribution of discount rates.

– These distributions will be developed by estimating the we

average average cost of capital capital (or WACC) for residential residential consume

consume

and EPSs.

– WACC includes:

• Financial cost of any debt incurred to purchase product

• Opportunity cost of any equity to purchase products.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
pr ces to eterm ne t e mpact on econom c eas ty.

Life­Cycle Cost and Paybac

Annual Energy Prices

• DOE will develop electricity prices from DOE­Energy Inform

Administration (EIA).

• DOE will use projections of future national average energy 

EIA’s Annual Energy Outlook (AEO).

• DOE may conduct

a sensitivity analysis using high and low 

prices to determine d the impact on economic feasibility. ibili

• Energy costs will be for the residential sector, not the comm

industrial sectors, because that is the primary market for BC

Item 54 DOE seeks comments on the use of the EIA nataverage electricity price and the AEO forecast of electric

prices over the analysis period.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
1:30 pm–1:45 pm

1:45 pm–1:55 pm

1:55 pm–2:15 pm

2:15 pm–2:35 pm

2:35 pm–2:45 pm

2:45 pm–3:05 pm

3:05 pm–3:20 pm

3:20 pm–3:30 pm

3:30 pm–3:45 pm

Afternoon Agenda

Market AssessmentProduct Price DeterminationEnergy Use and End Use Load Char

Technology AssessmentScreening AnalysisEngineering AnalysisBreakPreliminary Manufacturer Impact Ana

Life­Cycle Cost Analysis

3:45 pm–4:00 pm National Impact Analysis

4:00 pm–4:30 pm Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Market and

Nationa

Preliminary Analyses

Framework

Document NOPR Final Rule Preliminary Analyses

181

Energy Use andEnd­Use LoadCharacterization

Market andTechnologyAssessment

ScreeningAnalysis

EngineeringAnalysis

ProductPriceDetermination

Life­CycleCost andPayback Period Analysis

ShipmentsAnalysis

PreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Nationa

Shipments Analysis

• Purpose

– To forecast a national inventory of BCs and EPSs which would b

during the analysis period, and any impacts of a standard on sh

• Method

– Develop a spreadsheet tool to calculate shipments.

– Key inputs from the Market Assessment include:

• Annual equipment shipments• Market growth• Lifetime

• Assumptions

– Even though DOE’s preliminary analysis of BCs and EPSs focu

residential sector, DOE will use shipments data across all sect

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Nationa

National Impact Analysis

• Purpose

– To forecast the national energy savings that would result from th

level being considered for BC and EPS, and to compare the net 

value of these savings to the costs of improving efficiency.

– To identify the CSL that provides maximum energy savings.

• Method

– Develop a spreadsheet tool to calculate NES and NPV over the 

period.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Price Determination

Nationa

Inputs

Input Source

Unit Energy Consumption by CSL From Energy Use and End­Use 

Characterization

Unit Cost by CSL From Engineering Analysis and 

Price Determination

Base Case distribution across 

CSLs

From Market Assessment

National Inventory From Shipments AnalysisElectricity Prices EIADiscount Rate 3% and 7%

(OMB Regulatory Analysis Guid

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
costs an sav ngs are ase on nat ona average pr c

Nationa

Initial Assumptions

• Analysis Period

– Standard takes effect in 2013

– 20 Years of Shipments (2013­2032)– NES and NPV calculated until all shipped units have been 

• NPV evaluated using 3% and 7% discount rates.

• All costs and savings are

based on national average pric

Regional sub­analyses, if needed, will be performed aftepreliminary analysis.

• Not Considered:

– Installation, repair and maintenance costs.

– Rebound/Takeback effect.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Nationa

UEC by CSL

Base Case

Distribution

across CSLs

Standards Case

Standards Case

Average UEC

Base Case

Average UEC

Standards Case

Distribution

across CSLs

Unit Cost by CSL

Base Case

Distribution

Electricity Price

National E

Saving

Average Unit

Energy Savings

National

Inventory

Saving

Base Case

Average Unit Cost

Nation

Consum

Average Unit Economic I

Improvement

Costs

Standards Case

Average Unit Cost

Discount Rate

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Nationa

National Energy Savings

• To calculate NES, the Department considers:

– Average Unit Energy Savings: the shipment weighted average e

savings of a typical unit due to the standard.

– National Inventory: the number of units affected by the standard

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Nationa

Base Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

UEC by CSL

Unit Cost by CSL

Base Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Electricity Price

National E

Saving

Average Unit

Energy Savings

Base Case

Average UEC

Standards Case

Standards Case

Average UEC

Standards Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

National

Inventory

Saving

Base Case

Average Unit Cost

Nation

Consum

Average Unit Economic I

Improvement

Costs

Standards Case

Average Unit Cost

Discount Rate

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Nationa

UEC by CSL

Base Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Standards Case

Standards Case

Average UEC

Base Case

Average UEC

Standards Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Unit Cost by CSL

Base Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Electricity Price

National E

Saving

Average Unit

Energy Savings

National

Inventory

Saving

Base Case

Average Unit Cost

Nation

Consum

Average Unit Economic I

Improvement

Costs

Standards Case

Average Unit Cost

Discount Rate

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Nationa

Net Present Value

• To calculate NPV, the Department considers:

– National Energy Cost Savings: the national energy savings due 

standard converted to $.

– National Consumer Economic Impact: the costs incurred by con

from improving units due to the standard

• Average Unit Improvement Costs

• National Inventory

– Discount Rate: Used to convert $ values to present day value

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Nationa

UEC by CSL

Base Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Standards Case

Standards Case

Average UEC

Base Case

Average UEC

Standards Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Unit Cost by CSL

Base Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Electricity Price

National E

Saving

Average Unit

Energy Savings

National

Inventory

Saving

Base Case

Average Unit Cost

Nation

Consum

Average Unit Economic I

Improvement

Costs

Standards Case

Average Unit Cost

Discount Rate

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Nationa

UEC by CSL

Base Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Standards Case

Standards Case

Average UEC

Base Case

Average UEC

Standards Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Unit Cost by CSL

Base Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Electricity Price

National E

Saving

Average Unit

Energy Savings

National

Inventory

Saving

Base Case

Average Unit Cost

Nation

Consum

Average Unit Economic I

Improvement

Costs

Standards Case

Average Unit Cost

Discount Rate

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
Nationa

UEC by CSL

Base Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Standards Case

Standards Case

Average UEC

Base Case

Average UEC

Standards Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Unit Cost by CSL

Base Case

Distribution

Across CSLs

Electricity Price

National E

Saving

Average Unit

Energy Savings

National

Inventory

Saving

Base Case

Average Unit Cost

Nation

Consum

Average Unit Economic I

Improvement

Costs

Standards Case

Average Unit Cost

Discount Rate

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
1:30 pm–1:45 pm

1:45 pm–1:55 pm

1:55 pm–2:15 pm

2:15 pm–2:35 pm

2:35 pm–2:45 pm

2:45 pm–3:05 pm

3:05 pm–3:20 pm

3:20 pm–3:30 pm

3:30 pm–3:45 pm

3:45 pm–4:00 pm

Afternoon Agenda

Market AssessmentProduct Price DeterminationEnergy Use and End Use Load Char

Technology AssessmentScreening AnalysisEngineering AnalysisBreakPreliminary Manufacturer Impact Ana

Life­Cycle Cost AnalysisNational Impact Analysis

4:00 pm–4:30 pm Next Steps and Closing Remarks

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
C

Closing Remarks

• Participants who wish to provide comments on the Framew

Document public meeting may speak now.

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11
C

DOE Requests Feedback

Especially on Issues Identified in Handout Mate

In all correspondence, please refer to the Battery Chargers and E

Power Supplies Framework Document by

– Framework Document for Battery Chargers and External Powe

– Docket Number EERE­2008­BT­STD­0005, and

– Regulatory Identification Number (RIN) 1904­AB57

Email: BC&EPS_ECS@ee.doe.gov

Postal Mail: Courier:

Ms. Brenda Edwards Ms. Brenda Edwards

U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Energy

Building Technologies Program, Building Technologies Progr

Mailstop EE­2J 950 L’Enfant Plaza, S.W., 6t

1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20024

Washington, DC 20585­0121 Telephone: (202) 586­2945

Comment period closes July 20, 2009

EERE-2008-BT-STD-0005 COMMENT 11