328076

JPRS-SSA-86-095

15 SEPTEMBER 1986

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/

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19980729 023

DTicqaALB?

FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL TECHNICAL

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JPRS-SSA-86-095

15 SEPTEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

FRG Engineering Firms Involved in Road Construction Project

(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 12 May 86) 1

ANGOLA

Dos Santos Congratulates Guinea-Bissau President

(Luanda Domestic Service, 12 Aug 86) 4

Briefs

Embassy in Nicaragua Inaugurated 5

Spy Death Sentence Commuted 5

BOTSWANA

Briefs

CDC Investment 6

ETHIOPIA

FRG Correspondent Assesses 'Villagization' as Successful

(Guenter Krabbe; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 24 May 86) 7

Orphans' Villages Serve for Training Future Cadres

(Guenter Krabbe; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 28 May 86) 10

MOZAMBIQUE

Machel Repeats Warning on Anti-White Racism

(THE STAR, 15 Aug 86) 13

Commentary Evaluates Significance of Elections

(Editorial; Maputo Domestic Service, 15 Aug 86) 15

- a -
Commentary Sees No Change in Apartheid System

(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 14 Aug 86) .16

Frelimo Criticizes National Media for Insufficient Coverage

(THE STAR, 12 Aug 86) 17

Farmer's Struggle for New Land Intensifies

(THE STAR, 13 Aug 86) 18

Briefs

Operations in Manica 19

Zimbabwe Tourists to Biera 19

NAMIBIA

No Chance Seen for Escape From Sanctions Against RSA

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 8 Aug 86) 20

Interim Government Brings No Significant Change, Says Columnist

(Gwen Lister; THE NAMIBIAN, 13 Jun 86) 21

Defense Force Said To 'Make Politics, Not War'

(THE NAMIBIAN, 13 Jun 86) 23

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Possibility of Sanctions Viewed

(Dawie; DIE AFRIKANER, 5 Jul 86) 24

State Counsel Admits Two Press Restrictions Invalid

(SAPA, 20 Aug 86) 26

'More Informative' News With Only One Network

(SAPA, 15 Aug 86) 27

NP Stance on ANC, Liberalization Scored

(Editorial; DIE AFRIKANER, 2 Jul 86) 28

Division Among Rightist Ranks Derided

(Editorial; BEELD, 23 Jun 86) 30

Problems of Afrikaner Disunity Viewed

(Wille Kuehn; BEELD, 27 Jun 86) 31

Afrikaners Urged To Cooperate With Moderates of Other Races

(Hannes de Wet; THE STAR, 13 Aug 86) 33

- b -
Official Supports Joint Parliamentary Debates

(SAPA, 27 Aug 86) . 34

Conservatives Reject Blacks' Participation in Decisionmaking

(Colleen Ryan; THE STAR, 18 Aug 86) 35

Transvaal Indians To Benefit From Delegates' Housing Package

(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 21 Aug 86) 36

Minister Supports Internal Schooling for Blacks

(SAPA, 25 Aug 86) 37

CP MP Protests New Randburg Township

(SAPA, 24 Aug 86) 38

Problem of Rural Depopulation Reviewed

(Editorial; DIE VOLKSBLAD, 27 Jun 86) 40

Future Urbanization Patterns Viewed as Yet Unpredictable

(DIE BURGER, 4 Jul 86) 41

Zimbabwe's Lesson in Black Rule Exemplified

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 2 Jul 86) 43

Police Merger Bill Approved

(THE CITIZEN, 21 Aug 86) 44

Prospects of Economy Examined

(Editorial; DIE VOLKSBLAD, 18 Jun 86) 45

Blacks Encouraged To Participate in Free Enterprise

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 8 Jul 86) 46

White Paper Calls for Mineral Substitutes Over Imports

(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 20 Aug 86) 47

Conservative Party Criticizes Government's Privatization Plan

(THE CITIZEN, 22 Aug 86) 49

Finance Minister Says Not To Depend on Increased Foreign Investment

(THE CITIZEN, 21 Aug 86) 50

Minister Urges Private Sector To Abandon Negative Attitudes

(THE CITIZEN, 22 Aug 86) 51

Government Spells Out Farmers' Role in New 'Food Strategy'

(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 22 Aug 86) 52

Briefs

Sharing River With Namibia 53

Venda Troops in Namibia 53

- c -
Renamo Assurances 54

Warning on Lists for Gun Orders 54

Illegal Workers Targeted 54

De Klerk on Groups' Survival 55

Minister Says Apartheid Alive 55

Police Cash Reward 55

'Illegal Aliens' Hiring Opposed 56

Minister on Training Crisis 56

Conscientious Objection Broadened 57

Weapons Surrendered 57

Black Decisionmaking Advocated 57

BLACKS

KwaNdebele Celebrates Rejection of Independence Plans

(Derrick Luthayi; CITY PRESS, 17 Aug 86) 58

Plight of KwaZulu's Rural Poor Described

(Phillip Van Niekerk; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 15-21 Aug 86) 59

Briefs

Black Population Burgeons 62

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Malnutrition Increasing Among Poor Coloreds

(Raymond Hill; WEEKEND POST, 9 Aug 86) .... 63

Unions Continuing Fight for Full Pay for Emergency Detainees

(Sheryl Raine; THE STAR, 15 Aug 86) 64

Doctors Warned About Detainees' Ill-Treatment

(THE STAR, 8 Aug 86) 65

CSIR Head Warns of Sanctions' Effects

(THE CITIZEN, 22 Aug 86) 66

Urban Foundation Spending To Soar

(Linda Ensor; BUSINESS DAY, 6 Aug 86) 67

Union To Push for Greater Security for Farmers

(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 22 Aug 86) 68

Chokka Fishing Could Turn Into Massive Industry

(Jack Dewes; WEEKEND POST, 9 Aug 86) 69

Applications for Unemployment Benefits Increase

(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 21 Aug 86) 71

Inanda Unrest Victims Face Eviction If Rents Not Paid

(Rashida Dhooma; POST NATAL, 13-16 Aug 86) 72

- d -
Tension Seen To Be Rising Between Black, White Miners

(Sheryl Raine; THE STAR, 13 Aug 86) 73

Newly Appointed Authority Will Control Health Services

(Joe Openshaw; THE STAR, 15 Aug 86) 75

Information Bureau Gives Figures of Those Burned by Necklacing

(Tony Stirling; THE CITIZEN, 21 Aug 86) 77

Briefs

Union Rivalry Slated 78

Ergo, NUM in Dispute 78

Muslim Youth Collect Meat for Needy 78

Chemical Union Gets Holidays 79

More White Males Jobless 79

ECONOMIC

International Banks Restricting Services

(Gerald Prosalendis; BUSINESS DAY, 14 Aug 86) 80

Foreign Currency Earnings Seen Threatened by Capital Outflow

(David Southey; SUNDAY TIMES, 17 Aug 86) 82

Uranium Plant Converted Into Gold Processing Plant at WDL

(THE CITIZEN, 19 Aug 86) 83

Battling Food Retailers Look Increasingly to Black Market

(David Carte; SUNDAY TIMES, 17 Aug 86) 84

Statistics Reveal July Rise in Vehicle Sales

(David Fur longer; BUSINESS DAY, 12 Aug 86) 85

Water Plan With Lesotho Underway

(Udo Rypstra; SUNDAY TIMES, 17 Aug 86) 86

Briefs

India Importing Uncut Diamonds 87

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

Industry Draws Up Stockpiling Plans

(BUSINESS DAY, 14 Aug 86) 88

Briefs

Shortage of Pilots Predicted 89

Laster System 1st for Maties 89

Aviation Acts To Circumvent Sanctions . 89

/9987

- e -
. INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ERG ENGINEERING FIRMS INVOLVED IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German 12 May

86 p 2

[Article: "Road Construction Projects in Africa With German Engineering

Consultancy — The Federal Government Grants Financial Aid for SeveralProjects"]

[Text] Frankfurt. German engineering consultancy enterprises have

been called in on a number of road projects in African countries. (See also

the report on this topic in the edition of 25 July 1985) Among the 10 German

engineering consultancy firms which have recently been involved in African

road construction is H.P. Gauff Ingenieure GmbH & Co., Nuernberg/Frankfurt,

which has been included in road projects in six countries. In Burkina Faso

(formerly Upper Volta) Gauff Ingenieure was contracted by the Ministry for

Public Works to supervise the construction works for the 120-kilometer-long

Bilanga-Taparko asphalt road and updating the technical study already on hand.

The construction costs, which amount to around 30 million DM, are being

financed by the Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD), Abidjan (Ivory

Coast). Gauff Ingenieure took over the replanning of the 163-kilcmeter-long

road between Dialakoto and Kedougou in Senegal. As a member of a team, it was

commissioned to do a study and implementation planning in December of 1985.

The road project, calling for the expenditure of about 32 million DM, is being

financed by the Saudi Fund for Development. In the Ivory Coast Gauff

Ingenieure was given the task of working out a study for renovating and

maintaining the country's rural road network in the east.. The study is to be

completed by late 1986. The road project (20 million DM) is being financed by

the Federal Republic through the Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau [Credit

Institute for Reconstruction] (KfW), Frankfurt.

In the area of eastern Africa, Gauff Ingenieure in Kenya was commissioned with

doing a building preparation draft and preparing the contract documents, as

well as supervising the work, for constructing a 1.7-kilömeter-long runway by

which the district capital, Kabamet, can be connected to the rural airline

network. This project (six million IM) is being financed through the domestic

investment budget. Gauff Ingenieure undertook working out the study and

preliminary draft for renovating the 30-kilometer-long asphalt road between

Jinja and Lugazi in Uganda. This project is being financed by the

Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau (KfW) and calls for 12 million DM. After
concluding the preliminary investigation in 1983/84, Gauff Ingenieure was

given the job of organizing and supervising the necessary renovation and

maintenance measures for the 450-kilometer-long Mutanda-Zambezi gravel road (M

8). The overall project expenses, which are being financed through the local

investment budget and the Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau (KfW), amount to

around 22 million EM.

Rhein-Ruhr Ingenieur-Gesellschaft mbH (RRI) of Dortmund has recently been

called in on road projects in six African countries. These involve Malawi,

Madagascar, Sudan, Burundi, Ghana and Senegal. In Malawi RRI was given

consultant jobs and the task of processing bidding data for a road project

relating to the construction of the Blantyre-Lirangwe road. The project in

particular comprises a 19-kilometer-long newly surveyed route, maintenance of

25 kilometers of an existing hard-surfaced road and replacing 50 kilometers of

existing dirt roads by hard-surfaced ones. The financing of this project is

being done with resources of the European Development Fund. The construction

of the road is at present up for bids on an international level.

In Madagascar RRI took on consultant tasks for the second stage of

construction of the Ihosy-Sakareah road. In Sudan RRI has been included as a

consortium partner in the Third Highway Project. It was also given consultant

tasks in Sudan for maintaining the Nyala-Kas-Zalinga road, the construction of

which had been taken over by Held & Francke Bauaktiengesellschaft of Munich.

The Federal Republic granted capital aid of 106.5 million DM for laying out

this road. RRI received two jobs in Burundi. The first one concerns the

Rwegura waterfront road and the second the construction of the Rugombo-Kayanza

road. In Ghana RRI is a consortium partner in working out a study on the road

leading from the port city of Tema to Akosombo on the big Volta dam. In

Senegal RRI undertook consultant tasks for the second stage of construction of

the Kedougou-Saraya road.

The Dr -Ing Walter GmbH & Co. KG International-Diwi of Essen has become

active in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad and Sierra Leone. The

enterprise, which has 300 employees, undertook doing a study on the GarouaDourbeye road and supervising the bridge construction over the Noun River as a

member of a consortium in Cameroon. Walter has been called in on road upkeep

in the province of Ouham-Pende in the Central African Republic. As a

consortium partner, Walter reserved a consultant task for access to the Logone

bridge near the capital city of N'Djamena. Walter was included in a

development project relating to roads in the Bo-Pujehun region in Sierra

Leone. The Gopa Gesellschaft fuer Organisation, Planung und Ausbildung bmH

[sic - for "mbH"] of Bad Homburg (vor der Höehe), was given consultant tasks

for road transport in Zambia, Swaziland and Sierra Leone. It furthermore

received an assignment for setting up a laboratory for road construction in

Swaziland. Gopa was commissioned with doing a traffic study as a consortium

partner in Angola.

Dorsch Consult Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH of Munich received new jobs in

Botswana, Zaire and Sudan. It was given the task of directing the

construction of highways in Botswana and that of planning the Musenga-Walikale

road in Zaire. Dorsch Consult undertook the preparation of an expert report

on road construction in Sudan.
Gitec Consult GmbH of Duesseldorf was given new jobs in road cxmstruction in

Zambia, Senegal and the Central African Republic. In Zambia it involves

consultation in the maintenance of road-building equipment and working out a

study on a road construction program. Gitec Consult was included in the

construction of the Dalot-Bignona road in Senegal and in the maintenance of

National Highway No. 5 in the Central African Republic.

Beller Consult GmbH of Freiburg (Breisgau) took over the construction

supervision for bridges over the Mono and Sazue rivers in the People's

Republic of Benin. The job of building the two prestressed concrete bridges

went to Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG (Dywidag) of Munich. Beller Consult was given

the job of supervising the construction of the Zinder-Takieta national highway

as a member of a consortium in the Republic of Niger.

Geri Engineering GmbH of Frankfurt, a subsidiary enterprise of the large

Philipp Holzmann AG construction firm of Frankfurt, was commissioned with the

implementation planning in Sierra Leone of the highway which is to connect

Freetown with Monrovia, the capital of the neighboring country of Liberia.

Deutsche Eisenbahn Consulting GmbH (DEC) of Frankfurt, a participatory company

of the German Federal Railways, assumed consultant tasks for city transport in

Kinshasa, the capital of Zaire.

Schroeder Planung GmbH & Co. KG of Darmstadt, has prepared a project report on

city streets in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso (formerly Upper

Volta). The Federal Republic of Germany granted a subsidy of eight million DM

in March of 1986 for carrying out the project. The task of the buildingpreparation planning is being awarded to a German engineering consultancy

firm.

13084

CSO: 3420/37
ANGOLA

DOS SANTOS CONGRATULATES GUINEA-BISSAU PRESIDENT

MD121430 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 12 Aug 86

[Message of congratulations from Jose Eduardo dos Santos, chairman of the

MPLA-Lahor Party and president of the People's Republic of Angola, to Joao

Bernardo Vieira, secretary general of PAIGC and president of Guinea Bissau—

date of message not given]

[Text] On behalf of the Angolan people and government, the MPLA-Labor Party

Central Committee, and on my own behalf, I have the honor to express our

warmest fraternal congratulations to you, the PAIGC Central Committee, and the

people of Guinea Bissau on the occasion of another anniversary of the

launching of the armed struggle for your country's national liberation. This

act of heroism and bravery, mounted on 3 August 1961 by Guinean workers and

patriots under the leadership of the PAIGC, your vanguard party, demonstrated

the Guinean people's determination to put an end to colonial oppression and

exploitation.

On this date of great historical significance, we pay homage to your heroes,

particularly Amilcar Cabral, whose thoughts and ideals were the guiding

elements of your action until final victory, thus enriching the theory of the

struggle for national liberation and demonstrating that the victory of peoples

fighting against foreign domination and exploitation is inevitable.

I take this opportunity to express our satisfaction with the increasing

strengthening of the traditional relations of friendship, solidarity, and

cooperation binding our peoples, parties, and states in our efforts to build

new societies and our struggle against apartheid, for the total liberation of

our continent, and to preserve African unity.

Esteemed comrade, please accept my best wishes for your good health, personal

well-being, and the prosperity for the fraternal people of Guinea Bissau.

With highest and fraternal consideration.

[Signed] Jose Eduardo dos Santos, chairman of the MPLA-Labor Party and

president of the People's Republic of Angola.

/12913

CSO: 3400/414
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

EMBASSY IN NICARAGUA INAUGURATED--The Angolan Embassy in Nicaragua was

inaugurated in Managua on 8 August by Manuel Pedro Pacavira, Angolan

ambassador to Cuba. Manuel Pedro Pacavira, who has also been appointed as

ambassador to the Republic of Nicaragua, said the inauguration of the Angolan

embassy in Managua reflects the Angolan people's friendship and admiration for

the Sandinist revolution. Manuel Pedro Pacavira said he believed that the

Sandinist revolution and the MPLA-Labor Party are on the same path against a

common enemy and that they seek to give their peoples a society which is more

just, progressive, and democratic. Speaking on the occasion, the Angolan

ambassador condemned U.S. support for the Nicaraguan counterrevolution, which

seeks to destabilize the Sandinist revolution. Nicaraguan Deputy Foreign

Minister Javier Chamorron, who attended the ceremony, spoke of the revolution

uniting Angola and Nicaragua, two countries which are the targets of

aggression from their common enemy. [Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in

Portuguese 1200 GMT 13 Aug 86 MB] /12913

SPY DEATH SENTENCE COMMUTED—In Angola three people accused of being South

African spies have had their death sentences commuted. The official Angolan

News Agency ANGOP says the three, a Portuguese national and two Angolans, will

be spending the next 24 years in prison. Angop says the death sentence was to

have been carried out by firing squad, but it has been commuted for

humanitarian reasons. The Portuguese citizen was found guilty last year of

running a spy ring in Angola and of passing military and economic information

on to South Africa. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 1000 GMT 16 Aug

86 MB] /12913

CS0: 3400/414
BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

CDC INVESTMENT—The Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC) is to Invest

another R12,5 million in Botswana, it was announced yesterday. A report said

$11,6 million will be invested with the Telecommunications Corporation and the

rest in the Botswana Development Corporation. The investments mean the CDC

has increased its investments in Botswana by 18 percent. The total value of

investments in the country now stands at R81 million. [Text] [Johannesburg

THE STAR in English 12 Aug 86 p 9] /13104

CSO: 3400/454
ETHIOPIA

FRG CORRESPONDENT ASSESSES 'VILLAGIZATION' AS SUCCESSFUL

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 24 May 86 p 5

[Article by Guenter Krabbe, Dire Dawa, 23 May: "Only a Pile of Clay and a Few

Old Nails Remained Behind -- More Than Two Million Ethiopians Resettled ]

[Text] "Do you see the cows back there? My land is the field behi^them. I

lived UD there on the hill earlier. It is now being reforested." Mohamed

Jmlri according to his estimate 38 years old, lives with his wife and two sons

2n house 95 of village 2 of Egu. Egu is a group of three villages a few kilometers off the road from Harrar to Jiiga in the Ethiopian province of Hararge,

which also includes the largest part of the Ogaden region on the horn o

Africa His village still does not have any name, it is so young. It is just

slven montn old. He is one of the 2 to 3 million Ethiopian farmers who have

already been settled in new villages. Ali Yussuf, the chairman of the 1,350

farmers' associations of the province, says that in Hararge the »villagization

has already been concluded in the record time of a year and a half. Another

5 to 6 million more Ethiopian farmers with their families are to get new

villages in the next six years within the framework of rural development. Promoting rural development L also enjoying priority in development aid elsewhere

in Africa.

Ethiopia of course does not receive any development aid for that. The "villag-

?sation"is one of the most controversial measures abroad of the government in

Addis Ababa which has been squeezed into Soviet dependence. The farmers it

ts clatme"d? were taken from ?heir farms in the middle of the sowing period or

during the harvest, churches and mosques were burned down, the livestock

slaughtered or taten away; they had to tear down their houses at the order of

the party and government, carry them off and rebuild them elsewhere m collectives- rteir fields were expropriated and they themselves concentrated into

iodizes. Soever resists is reportedly locked up, shot or deported to distantparts of the country. The farmers supposedly had to walk for hours from

the villages to their fields. Somalia, bordering on the Ogaden, daily reports

Tthlusanfnew refugees coming across the ^rder to escape the collectiviza ion.

Since the 1977/78 Ogaden war against Ethiopia, which it lost, Somalia has ad

!ndvs a always resisted a head count of all the refugees, and negotiated

"co^romisL" witn S: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee Affairs on

the number of refugees for whom it receives cash or material support.
But farmer Mohamed Omari seems to be satisfied with his village. He walks 10

minutes to his field. Only 1 percent of the farmland throughout Ethiopia is

collectivized within the framework of a production cooperative or a state farm.

The field is tilled. Before"villagisation" it was a good half hectare big; now'

it measures almost a whole one. "The area under cultivation of a farmer in

Hararge," Ali Yussuf says, "has almost doubled from an average of 0.76 to 1.5

hectares" thanks to 'Villagistation". How did this wondrous increase of land

come about? Because, he replied, that land on which the farmer lived with his

livestock and which he utilized for home economy can now also be put under the

plow.

The individual farmstead, usually wrongly and condescendingly called a kraal,

is almost everywhere the typical form of settlement on the continent, except'

in western Africa. As in most of the other provinces of Ethiopia, the farmers

in Hararge also lived in scattered settlements without a central point and

without common establishments. So it is plausible that almost half of the

utilizable land was used for habitation. The new villages were set up where

the soil is lost for agricultural use through erosion or where stones and

rocks make farming impossible. In feudal Ethiopia before the revolution the

farmers had always been only tenants on the land, which belonged to the church

or other big landowners. To dispossess the big landowners, not the farmers,

was one of the first measures of the initial—not yet the present—postrevolutionary government. That meant more rather than less security for the farmers.

While the feudal lord could expel them from his land at any time, they now have

a formal right to use it.

Farmer Mohamed Omari took everything along he could use again when he tore

down his old house. Only a pile of clay and a few old nails remained behind.

With the wood he reerected the framework for the walls in the new village 2

two kilometers away; he then filled it in with clay and reassembled the roof

construction from the better struts and beams. He had also brought along the

corrugated iron for the roof, so that he only had to buy new nails for the

equivalent of 35 marks. Mohamed Omari has never yet lived so luxuriously.

With an average annual national product of 250 marks per capita, Ethiopia'is

the poorest country in the world. Hardly any of the farmers has to go more

than one kilometer to his field. Mohamed Omari's wife does not have to go as

far as before. She no longer has to walk 20 minutes to the spring to draw

water; she goes to one of the four small wells in the village. Neighborhood

assistance, when it is a matter of building a new house, looking after the

livestock or the children, is more possible in the village than in the

scattered settlement. Some of the children from village 2 can even attend

school in village 1. The school of village 3 is still being built; for village 2 it is just being planned. To make up for that, Mohamed Omari's village

2 is the first to have a clinic. But there is no mosque in the village. The

farmers can build themselves one if they want. Land is available for that.

But they are still not finished with their houses and stables and the vegetable gardens around the houses—500 square meters for each one. The old

mosques can still be seen standing, and apparently in use, everywhere in the

highlands. That they have been burned down, as refugees in Somalia say, is

not confirmed by what one sees. There were and are only few churches in this
area which is inhabited predominantly by Islamic members of the Oromo tribe.

Schools and clinics, rather than houses of worship, are built by the state as

the first community establishments. The state then also brings in the teachers

and medical personnel. It drills the wells and pays for the pumps, lays the

main dirt roads to the village, by which the farmers are for the first time

connected to the big wide world, whether it be the market town of Harrar or the

provincial capital, Dire Dawa. The new villages do not appear in the government's budget. The farmers themselves build the houses, and the expenses for

schools, roads, clinics and wells are contained in the general appropriations

for development costs.

The speed with which the authorities in Hararge carried out the "villagisation

had a negative effect on the last harvest. It is true that the move and construction of houses took place in the quiet times between sowing and harvest

and between harvest and new sowing, but still only "to the extent possible."

In any case, the province of Hararge was able to be the first to report completing "vLllagisatim"in Addis Ababa: 470,368 households with 2,304,391 persons were concentrated into 3,604 new villages with 570,308 houses in 34 districts. In the long term, to be sure, the villagisation in Hararge should

improve not only the life of the farmers, but also lead to higher harvests

as well. For instance, the agricultural advisory service can reach them

better now, implements and fertilizer can be brought to the farmers, and contact with markets via the new roads creates a greater incentive for production.

They are proceeding more slowly in other provinces, and observing developments

in Hararge. Any trip across the country and any glance out of an airplane,

however, shows that new villages are springing up in the midst of the scattered

settlements. Things are not changing only where people already lived in villages, such as in Eritrea. Overzealous officials have probably helped things

along by coercion here and there, if a farmer just did not want to move into

a village. But otherwise, the'Villagisation" indeed seems to be done voluntarily. Even in Harare there are still isolated farmsteads of—as Ganghofer

would have said—crofters located between the villages which are within range

of sight of one another. But most of them are not holding out much longer.

It is especially the women who want to get out of the isolation. A few dozen

isolated farmers south of Addis Ababa in the province of Schoa [sic] eventually

moved into the village because the lions in the vicinity started to kill their

livestock and even threaten their families.

13084

CSO: 3420/37
ETHIOPIA

ORPHANS1VILLAGES SERVE FOR TRAINING FUTURE CADRES

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 28 May 86 p 5

[Article by Guenter Krabbe, Abijata, 27 May 86: »These Ethiopian Children See

Nothing of the Real World — Cadre Training and Being Sent to Cuba — A System

of Soviet Mold"]

[Text] Two dozen small machines are set up and singing. They look clean and

do not show any damage. They even dance. But these are no real machines —

not yet — but small girls and boys, perhaps from four to six years old. They

are just being trained to function like machines, follow and pass on the

party's orders. They greet the group of visitors with song and dance, but

they do not show any smiles or react to friendly gestures. They are supposed

to be all orphans, the allegedly 3,941 children from the age of nine months to

14 or 15 years old in the "Children's Amba of Revolutionary Ethiopia." Amba

means a group of villages in Amharic, national language. Here on Abijata

lake, 200 kilometers south of Addis Ababa in the province of Shoa, there are

five barracks designated as children's villages, in which, according to their

general administrator, Zemedkun Gabre Selassie, "orphan children who are

victims of natural and man-made disasters" have been taken in since 1979.

The natural disasters are drought and famine; the man-made ones are the wars

-- the Ogaden war after the Somali raid of 1977/78 and the wars of secession

with separatists in northern Ethiopia. The state looks after the war and

famine orphans in the children's amba. Another four ambas — one each in

northern, _ eastern, western and southern Ethiopia — would supposedly have to

be built in order to be able to accommodate, protect and train at least 20,000

of the countless orphans. Outside the camp one hears that this number is not

right. A female Ethiopian social worker reports that the famine which broke

out in 1984 left fewer than 10,000 orphans. Most of them have been taken in

by relatives. In the extended Ethiopian family there are always aunts and

uncles and grandparents who look after the children. A few thousand lived in

the former camps of the famine refugees, for example in Mekelle and Baki;

others found accommodation in SOS chidlren's towns. Nor are the Amba numbers

consistent with the figures contained in a yet unpublished survey report of

the United Nations children's relief organization (Unicef), which states that

the number of famine orphans is so low because many children died with their

parents. Children under three years old had practically no chance of

10
surviving the death of their parents or even only of the mother. A head count

of the three- to six-year olds also reportedly revealed that only a few

survived.

Then where do the Amba occupants come from? The female social worker, who

asked to remain anonymous, talks of half-orphans; mothers with several

children whose fathers died in one of the wars could — or had to — give one

of the children to the Amba. There the child apparently receives good

nourishment and, probably for the first time in its life, good clothing. The

school is of a high level and is said to lead to a high school graduation.

After that, Zemedkun says, the children received more trade or other

vocational training in case they did not study, in order then to be

"discharged into society." That has not happened so far. There are still no

occupants of the Amba who have reached the upper level of school or even

"stepped out into life." "Nor will there be any very soon," the social worker

says. When the children are only 14 years old they are sent to Cuba. There

they are to receive their training as apparatchiks of a system of Soviet mold.

"The first 900 children are already gone, most of them three years ago," she

says. This tallies with unconfirmed reports to the effect that Angolan and

Congolese youth were also sent to Cuba for cadre training three years ago.

The political training starts at the tenderest age. There are 461 preschoolage children living in Seble Abyot, one of the five village barracks of the

Amba; and 56 house mothers and 24 preschool teachers are said to be available

for them. About every 70 children are accommodated in two sections in a

building. The education for the collective starts there; dormitory and

recreation room without cozy corners or hideaways; all the children sit around

large tables, play in unison with building blocks, but do not talk with each

other. In the dining hall they eat on command, in silence; whoever wants to

speak must raise his finger and wait for permission. On the wall of the

dining hall hangs a larger-than-life picture of "big brother," chief of state

and party boss Mengistu Haile Mariam. Whenever a child looks up from its

plate, its glance falls on the picture, and it knows whom it owes for its

food.

"There isn't any political indoctrination," general administrator Zemedkun

claims. Without thinking, one of the house mothers had previously admitted to

the visitor that the preschool children "naturally" were enlightened an hour

every day and three hours on Saturdays about how miserable and exploited the

people were "before the revolution" and how happy they have been "since the

revolution." Was there any religious instruction? Zemedkun hems and haws a

little first, and then says: "To put it briefly, no." Why not? "Our state is

socialist and does not interfere in religious matters." Were priests and —

for Islamic children — imams allowed into the Amba? "No. Anyway, many

children do not know whether they are Muslim, pagan or Christian, Copt,

Catholic or Protestant."

These Ethiopian children see nothing of the real world. They do not see how

adults work, do not see life in the villages or the towns. They see and hear

only what the educators put in front of them, and they do only what they are

ordered. Here arises "the new man," outside of any normal social

relationship, outside of all the traditions of his people. How can this

11
person understand his people, whom he is once to lead? But he is not supposed

to understand them; he is supposedto pass on orders and supervise their

execution. He becomes a human machine. He becomes emotionally a wreck first

Are the children all healthy? "Oh, they are," says a house mother, »but they

are often aggressive, and there are a lot of bedwetters."

At first Unicef had financed this Amba in central Ethiopia. Subsidies also

came from Sweden. Both sources have dried up, Zemedkun complains. Neither

Unicef nor foreign governments, even the Swedish, or private aid organizations

want to promote new Ambas and bear responsibility for more children being

turned into zombies, living bodies without souls. »Hostel accommodation,"

Unicef says, »is the worst of all possibilities.» General administrator

Zemedkun does not share this finding. He says it is »better than giving

children to strange families; it is the best solution overall.» There is

still the Amba on Abijata Lake. But there will probably not be any further

Ambas. Not only is money lacking for them. There is even doubt in the party

whether it is really humane to take children away from their relatives, treat

them as orphans and raise them to be automatons.

The question remains unanswered as to why the party and government brought a

group of foreign journalists to Abijata and showed them this national-policy

educational establishment for socialist cadres. The journalists were not the

tirst foreign visitors there. Those responsible must have expected the horror

on their faces. Maybe what one of the 15 full members of the Politburo — he

also wants to be anonymous — said to the visitor is important: He was

actually glad" that "no more money" was coming into the country "for that."

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12
MOZAMBIQUE

MACHEL REPEATS WARNING ON ANTI-WHITE RACISM

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Aug 86 p 13

[Text] Shortly after Mozambique's independence

in 1975, President Samora Machel went to

the main high school in Maputo to warn its

pupils that he would not tolerate antiwhite racism.

With him was the recently appointed

white rector of Maputo's university, Mr

Fernando Ganhao, who for years had been

a Frelimo militant in exile and whom Mr

Machel said was an example of Frelimo's

non-racialism.

Now 11 years after independence antiwhite feelings have once again come to the

fore and Mr Machel has again warned his

people that he will not tolerate racism

directed at whites.

Earlier this month, at the closing session

of Mozambique's Parliament — the People's Assembly — Mr Machel took time to

speak about what the weekly Mozambican

magazine Tempo called "manifestations

of racism that have as a target white

cadres".

According to Tempo Mr Machel said

that those "manifestations of racism are

primitive.

"I am the declared enemy of the racists.

Against them I will be intransigent. We did

not fight to be racists or tribalists," he

said.

Mr Machel went on to say that "those

manifestations of racism are a crime.

"What matters is the intelligence of'

each, not the colour of one's skin or one's

tribe."

He acknowledged that whites holding

government posts could lose their seats in,

the forthcoming one-party parliamentary

elections because of the poor performance

of the economy.

But, he added, after independence when

thousands of Portuguese had left the country, some doctors and teachers had ensured that the hospitals and schools continued to work.

"They are national heroes and soon I

will award them the honours they deserve," he said.

And to make his point about Frelimo's'

racial policies he added:

"I am the president of everybody and as

such I like to be unpleasant to those who

are racist."

It has always been one of the paradoxes

of the Mozambican revolution that while:

thousands of whites fled Mozambique in a

panic at the time of Frelimo's take-over,

the victorious guerilla organisation had always made a point that it would not tolerate, under any pretext, anti-white feelings.

Unlike other nationalist organisations in

Africa, Frelimo boasted in its ranks several white, Indian and coloured activists —

some of them occupying posts in the

party's highest body, the Political Bureau.

In 1969, after the murder of Frelimo's

first president, Mr Eduardo Mondlane, the

guerilla organisation, then fighting Portuguese rule, went through a deep crisis during which it was swept by a wave of antiwhite sentiment.

Mr Ganhao, then in Tanzania, was threatened with death, and another well-known

white Frelimo member, Mr Jacinto Veloso, had to flee for his life from a group of

Frelimo members who wanted to kill him.

(Later Mr ' Veloso became Frelimo's

chief of security and a member of the Political Bureau. As a Minister he negotiated

the Nkomati Accord with South Africa).

Ironically, the victory of the radical so13
cialists ensured that the organisation remained truly non-racial.

After independence Frelimo continued

with its non-racial policies, appointing several of its white members as Ministers and

appointing other Mozambican whites to

top administrative and economic posts.

At one stage Mozambique had more

white, Indian and coloured Ministers then

blacks.

Then, as now, Frelimo's choice was not

based on colour but on the individual's allegiance to its Marxist-Leninist socialist

policies.

At the time — 1976 — the anti-racist policy caused a wave of discontent in some

sectors, including schools, which culminated in Mr Machel's visit to the Maputo High

School to warn that his party had not

fought Portuguese colonialism to replace it

with black racism.

However, earlier this year, anti-white

feelings came under the spotlight once

again when, at the second conference of

the Mozambican Youth Movement, delegates said that blacks were being discriminated against because of Frelimo's socalled non-racial policies.

They pointed out, for example, that although there were many Mozambican

whites with important posts, there were

virtually no whites, coloureds or Indians in

the army, involved in a bloody struggle

with rebels of the Mozambican National

Resistance movement.

When the congress was held in March,

President Machel promised to look into the

matter but now it is obvious that he will

not change its policies for one of Africanisation.

"I will continue to displease the racists,"

Mr Machel told his country's parliament.

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14
MOZAMBIQUE

COMMENTARY EVALUATES SIGNIFICANCE OF ELECTIONS

MB151453 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 15 Aug 86

[Editorial]

[Text] The second general elections begin today—a process that will involve

all our people from Rovuma River to Maputo River. Mozambican people will

choose their representatives to the people's assemblies at all levels, from

local levels to the supreme organ of state power.

The experience of previous elections is still vivid in our memories and

demonstrates the extreme importance of elections. Through elections,

Mozambican citizens are able to exercise one of their fundamental

constitutional rights. Through elections, we are able to reassert the

sovereignty of the People's Republic of Mozambique, our independence, and the

democratic and popular nature of the Mozambican state. Elections provide an

opportunity for the people to express their wishes. These wishes contribute

to the consolidation of national unity because they represent our people's

fundamental aspirations and interests. They reflect our country's situation

and our people's awareness and determination to build the future all

Mozambicans, regardless of ethnic origin, race, region, sex, and religion.

Mozambicans will elect deputies regardless of their class, color, race, and

religion. They will elect Mozambicans whose distinguishing qualities will be

patriotism, devotion to the people's interest, personal integrity, and a sense

of responsibility.

Elections provide an opportunity to consolidate democracy and national unity.

Imperialist aggression against Mozambique, organized by Pretoria through armed

banditry, is aimed at undermining our national unity. This is also one of the

objectives of our internal enemy. The aim of imperialism is to destroy the

gains of our revolution by promoting armed bandit activities against economic

targets, as well as promoting greed, egoism, and ambition, vices which find

fertile ground where there is division, banditry, regionalism, and racism.

We can be certain that the general elections which begin today are being

targeted by the enemy. For South African racists, Mozambican democracy

demonstrates the equality of all citizens, and they want to destroy this

model. However, our people, under the leadership of Frelimo, are fully

determined to continue on their path. The second general elections which

begin today will become yet another victory of Mozambican people in the

struggle for the defense of the fatherland and the building of a future of

progress, peace, and socialism in the Mozambican nation.

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MOZAMBIQUE

COMMENTARY SEES NO CHANGE IN APARTHEID SYSTEM

MB141219 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1100 GMT 14 Aug 86

[Station commentary]

[Text] A year ago, a government in Africa declared its opposition to a

certain concept of political rule. The government in question specifically

rejected four aspects in this concept: The first was the political domination

of any one community by any other, the second was the exclusion of any

community from the political decision, making process, the third was injustice

or inequality in the opportunities available for any community, and the last

was racial discrimination and its impairment of human dignity.

The government in question was of course referring to the apartheid system in

South Africa. Such a statement could have come from any member-state of the

Organization of African Unity, but this one in fact came from the Government

of the Republic of South Africa, the apartheid regime itself.

The statement was, of course, directed at those Western governments which had

come under pressure from their own people to take some action against the

apartheid system in South Africa. The idea being presented was that

Pretoria's apartheid system was no longer acceptable and therefore was being

abandoned.

One year later, what is the reality? The political domination of the blacks

by the whites continues. The blacks are still excluded from the political

decisionmaking process. The black community still suffers the same injustice

and inequality in opportunities. Racial discrimination and impairment of

human dignity are just the same as they were a year ago. Nothing has changed.

At this week's Congress of the ruling National Party in South Africa,

apartheid leaders made it clear that they are not prepared to move an inch.

White supremacy remains an ideology. The racialism of the men in Pretoria may

sometimes be camouflaged by fire statements that they too want to end

apartheid. But these are mere words. Each racist law is repealed and

replaced by another which serves the same purpose. Even the West, who talk of

reformist change in South Africa, are at best deceiving themselves. At worst,

they are trying to deceive everybody else.

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16
MOZAMBIQUE

FRELIMO CRITICIZES NATIONAL MEDIA FOR INSUFFICIENT COVERAGE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Aug 86 p 9

[Text] MAPUTO - Frelimo's Secretary for Ideological Work, Mr

Jorge Rebelo, has criticised his

country's media for not covering the war in Mozambique effectively.

He also called on the media to

denounce state and government

corruption.

Mr Rebelo, speaking at the

opening of a conference of the

Journalists' National Organisation, said the war being waged

by the Mozambique National

Resistance only appeared sporadically in the media, despite

its profound impact on national

life.

"The image is of a country

that doesn't exist," Mr Rebelo

said. The Mozambican media

was losing credibility and citizens were turning to foreign

radio stations to find out what

was happening in their own

country.

'SERIOUS GAPS'

He said media should present

an accurate picture of the country, explain the true nature of

the war and "desmystify lies

and rumours spread by the

enemy".

He accepted that the problem

was not entirely the media's

fault. There had been "serious

gaps" in Frelimo's approach to

information and a lack of contact with and access to state

bodies that were sources of information.

The media should also criticise abuses, negligence, black

marketeering and other crimes

against the economy.

In his speech Mr Rebelo said

the MNR war was "imperialist

aggression waged through the

South African apartheid regime" and meant to destroy the

country's revolution.

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17
FARMER'S STRUGGLE FOR NEW LAND INTENSIFIES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 13 Aug 86 p 8

MOZAMBIQUE

[Text] MAPUTO — Despite Mozambique's

decision to break up its gigantic state

farms in the rich Limpopo valley, a

combination of economic and social

factors has led to a new struggle for

land in the area.

At independence in 1975, most of the

Portuguese farmers who had settled in

the Limpopo valley left the country.

Local peasants who had lost their land

when the agricultural settlements were

created, believed they would get their

land back.

But the new Frelimo government

nationalised the land and created gigantic state farms which, it was hoped,

would feed the country.

"The government forgot that for

decades this land had been the subject

of disputes between the colonial authorities and the peasantry," said the

Mozambican news agency Aim.

In 1983, after it was acknowledged

that the state farms policy had been an

economic disaster, the government decided to reverse its policy and give

priority to the "peasant sector". The

state farms were carved up.

CRITICISM PERSISTS

But criticism of the little that remains of them persists.

"In the last agricultural season, of

the 1 000 hectares planned for production, only 200 were sown. In mid-May

some 50 hectares of rice were in danger of being lost because of lack of fuel

for the harvesting machines," Aim

said.

It explained that efforts to recruit

local peasants to harvest the rice by

hand had failed because the peasants

had demanded to be paid in goods

which simply did not appear in Mozambique shops — soap, sugar, salt and

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cooking oil.

And, says the news agency, the

struggle for land between peasants,

private farmers and state companies

has intensified.

Floods in 1977, followed by drought

and the war waged by rebels of the

Mozambique National Resistance

movement have led to a concentration

of people in the rich areas of the Limpopo valley.

In the district of Xai-Xai alone,

more than 31 "communal villages"

have been built to provide shelter and

services to thousands of peasants.

"These are sizeable villages, with an

average of about 5 000 inhabitants

each," says Aim.

PROLONGED DROUGHT

"The number of villagers increased

substantially in the 1982-83 period

when peasants trekked to the valley

from the Gaza interior, fleeing both

from a prolonged drought and from the

banditry of the South African-backed

MNR."

Because of the shortage of land

peasants are endangering it by not allowing the land to lie fallow.

"A solution to the land problem must

be found and it must be found soon,"

the agronomist said.

In an effort to combat the problem

of land shortage, the government has

begun to drain swampland lying between the valley and the surrounding

hills.

Villages are sending work brigades

of peasants to clear the channels by

hand with the promise that they will be

rewarded with land once the work is

over.

"It is unpleasant work with water up

to the knees and sometimes up to waist

level," said Aim.

18
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

OPERATIONS IN MANICA—The Mozambique Armed Forces destroyed 7 armed bandit

hideouts and killed 132 bandits in Manica in the first half of 1986. During

this period, another 32 criminals were captured while 6 surrendered to the

Mozambique Armed Forces. This information was disclosed during the expanded

8-day meeting of the Manica provincial military command which analyzed the

defense and security situation in the region. During the meeting, it was also

disclosed that a further 4,800 peasants, who had been forced to live with the

armed bandits, were released by our troops, while some 500 people surrendered

after escaping from the bandits. In the military operations carried out in

the first six months of 1986, the Mozambique Armed Forces captured

considerable amounts of war material, including 48 AKM cartridges, 20 rockets,

56 mortar shells, and 2 boxes of AKM ammunition. [Excerpt] [Maputo Domestic

Service in Portuguese 0400 GMT 12 Aug 86 MB] /12913

ZIMBABWE TOURISTS TO BIERA—Beira will soon be open to Zimbabwean

holiday-makers following an agreement signed between the two countries

recently, says the Mozambican Secretary of State for Tourism, Cde Antonio

Materula. In an interview with THE HERALD just before his departure

yesterday, Cde Materula said that Mozambique faced a lot of difficulties when

it came to the type of amenities offered to tourists. "Now we are busy

upgrading hotels in order to have minimum conditions in Beira, Paradise Island

and Bazaruto," he said. Tourists from Zimbabwe and other neighbouring

countries would soon have access to Beira Beach. The Zimbabwe Tourist

Development Corporation and its Mozambican counterpart, Empresa Nacional de

Turismo, will co-operate in training programmes for running hotels and other

amenities. "Basically, we discussed concrete tasks and time tables to start

working immediately. We hope that by September or October they will have done

something," he said. He said the agreement would benefit both countries.

"Beira is also important because of the Beira Corridor, but we need good

accommodations for businessmen and general services like taxis, rental cars

and buses to make life comfortable for tourists from Zimbabwe to Maputo and

other neighbouring countries." [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 11 Aug

86 p 1] /13104

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19
NAMIBIA

NO CHANCE SEEN FOR ESCAPE FROM SANCTIONS AGAINST RSA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 8 Aug 86 p 1

[lext]

HOPES THAT Namibia could be excluded from sanctions against South Africa are

without foundation and any private or

government initiatives to negotiate such a

deal are unlikely to succeed, diplomats and

political observers here say.

At the same time calls from

local politicians like Hendrik

Witbooi of Swapo and Justus

GaroeboftheDamara Council

for full sanctions against

South Africa are seen as both

short-sighted and naive.

Observers are convinced

that sanctions against South

Africa will not only hit

Namibia but hit it hard.

As is the case in the RSA,

sanctions are expected to hit

the poor more drasticaly than

the wealthy and unemployment, together with inflation,

is bound to have a harsh effect

on Namibia's unskilled and

semi-skilled workers.

It is here where local

businessmen are hoping that

the Western Five could be persuaded to exclude Namibia

from sanctions. ,

Such an exclusion - it is

hoped - would trigger a massive boom in the Territory as

threatened South African business and industry would cross

over the Orange River to escape sanctions.

They feel that Namibia has

proved the viability of radical

reform with its abolition of

apartheid legislation and the

acceptance of universal franchise by even the SWA National Party.

These reforms they feel

should be rewarded and supported as an example to South

Africa of how far one can go

without a multi-racial society

"There is no chance of such

an escape;* said a diplomat

who did not want to be quoted.

"Internationally SWA will

be treated as part of the sanctions deal, and neither Swapo,

nor the United Nations, will

look kindly on anything which

could offer a bonanza to the interim government in

Windhoek.

In fact sanctions are seen by

most diplomats and supporters of Swapo as a way to force

the process towards independence under UN Resolution

435.

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20
NAMIBIA

INTERIM GOVERNMENT BRINGS NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE, SAYS COLUMNIST

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 13 Jun 86 p 11

[Article by Gwen Lister]

l

Text ) THE POMP AND CEREMONY and exhibition of South African

military might which heralded the inauguration of the interim

government on June 17 last year, will probably not be repeated

on Tuesday when the 'first birthday' of this government is

celebrated. Not even the Multi-Party Conference would have the

audacity to celebrate a year of rule by a socalled government

without mandate.

The interim government has brought about no significant change in

Namibia since it was installed on June 17 last year, and neither has it

gained credibility among the population since that time. Quite the contrary in fact, and unlike its predecessors, this interim government cannot claim that their lack.of progress is due to arbitrary veto by the Administrator General.

UNITING PEOPLE AGAINST THE INTERIM GOVERNMENT

A STATEMENT by the Roman Catholic Commission of Justice and

Reconciliation accurately pointed out that the interim government had

nearly achieved its objective of national unity in that 'most Namibians

stand united against you'. . Without going into the by now wellknown details of the interim government's contraventions of their own socalled Bill of Fundamental Rights,

it has become increasingly evident that the MPC have not gained any

popular support since their installation.

AT PRESENT the interim government is trying desperately to gain some

credibility, or achieve something concrete by their 'first birthday on

^Rumours atthe time of writing this column, of a Swanu MPC/Swapd

D court interdict against the budget because of the massive allocations

to the socalled second tiers, will hardly justify the existence of that government if such application comes about. t

Possibly the only occasion where the government, or a faclion thereof

did appear to be moving forward, was when the Swanu-MPC/Swapo-D

factions threatened an urgent application to set aside the appointment

of Mr Piet van Ser Byl as a Judge and Chairman of the Constitutional

Council They successfully ousted Mr van der Byl, and after getting the

Chairman of their choice, namely Judge Victor Hiemstra settied back

on their laurels and intensified repression in Namibia, rather than introducing progressive legislation.

21
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PROMISES, PROMISES, REGARDING PROCLAMATION AG 8

AG 8 WOULD GO, was a promise often heard from the mouths of the

socalled moderates in the interim government. In fact, much of the local

press believed these somewhat wild promises that 'AG 8 will get the boot'.

Namibia is still waiting for 'AG 8 to get the boot', and it is probably

due to this failure to achieve a new constitutional dispensation on their

part, that Messrs Katjiuongua and Shipanga are now considering a court

application about the budget allocations to the second tier.

FOR THE REST, there have been an abundance of threats which came

from the corridors of the Tintenpalast and forum of the National

Assembly.

Threats to freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom of

association, freedom of movement - you name it, they've threatened it

The latest threat, after a host of others, is that which is levelled at the

Council of Churches in Namibia, and the sudden conviction that 'church

and politics' should be separate.

Once again, the double standards, for the very persons making this

claim, are themselves clerics, earning fat salaries in the employ of the

interim government.

And then the news of a prostitution scandal in those same corridors....

CALL TO STEP DOWN FROM OFFICE

THE INTERIM GOVERNMENT, both the Cabinet and the National

Assembly, if they honestly and openly reviewed their actions (or lack

thereof) in the past year of their 'rule', would resign from office and

call for the implementation of Resolution 435.

They were installed in the seats of power; they made promises to the

people, promises which were not kept; and they were intent only on retrenching their own rule. Any government, in a democratic society, which

had been elected by the people, and which had such a bad record of 'rule'

would voluntarily relinquish their control, and böw to the will of the

people.

It appears not to have penetrated the corridors of the Tintenpalast,

and the minds of those sitting there, that the people of this country are

not interested in a government without mandate, particularly a government which has adequately proven that they have made no progress. Progovernment groups can protest as loudly as they wish to, that Resolution 435 is 'defunct', or 'obsolete', or even 'dead' for that matter. But

it is still what the people want.

And the interim government should take note that the voice of the

opposition is growing. That they are in fact uniting the people against

themselves.

Instead of a 'celebration' of pomp and ceremony and expense; let the

interim government, on their 'anniversary' this year, acknowledge their

failure and step aside for the implementation of Resolution 435 and the

elected representatives of the people of Namibia.

22
NAMIBIA

DEFENSE FORCE SAID TO 'MAKE POLITICS, NOT WAR'

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 13 Jun 86 p 5

[Text]

IT WAS A 'sorrowful' day when

(he Defence Force, through its

movement, Etango, had decided to

'deviate from its function of making war to indulge in politics in

Owambo', said Mr Peter

Kalangula, Chairman of. the Executive Committee of the Ovambo

Administration, in his budget

speech on Tuesday.

'Since then the relations between

this Administration and the

Defence Force has deteriorated to

the point where we have broken all

ties with them. One would have

thought this would have resulted in

some understanding from the armed forces in Owambo of the complexity of the problems experienced in the war zone.

'With their continued activities

through Etango they are bringing

the relationship to a point where

future collaboration becomes totally impossible. They continue interfering with our education and

threatening teachers. The teachers

are greatly disturbed by the interference at their schools and the

taking away of children from their

classes.

'The parents are disgusted

because children are taken away for

more than 24 hours without the

knowledge of their parents.

'The armed forces also interfere

with tribal meetings and appoint

their own people to attend meetings

to try and explain what Etango

stands for. They continue to

disrupt tribal cases at hearings, and

by doing this they think they would

win the hearts and minds of the

people, but in reality this is not the

case. We want the public to know

that we deplore the actions or

methods undertaken by Etango

which are completely out of line

with their actual task as we were initially made to understand (it)'.

The armed forces had no idea of

the meaning of fundamental

human rights, Mr Kalangula said

in his address to the Legislative

Assembly, adding that on Friday,

June 6, a young man was found in

the Onemba area in Ombalantu.

'He was held to the exhaust pipe of

an armed forces' vehicle and his

face was seriously burned ... further I learned that the man was left

on the spot and later struggled all

by himself to reach the nearest

place where he could obtain

assistance'.

'These types of actions,

treatments and atrocities are abhorrent, more so when they are executed by those who are supposed

to protect the people of this country', he said.

Commenting on the investigation into the health services of

Ovambo, Mr Kalangula said the

report had been handed to Mr

Moses Katjiuongua, interim

government Health Minister, on

May 26.

'Until now we have not been advised of the outcome of the inquiry.

I would like to recall what we said

in the beginning that the outcome

of this inquiry should be made

public', he said.

'It is not the right of the self appointed to appoint', Mr Kalangula

said in a reference to Proclamation

AG 8.

'We again wish to emphasise that

Resolution 435 be implemented to

make it possible for the people of

Namibia to elect their own leaders

without interference internally or

externally', he said.

Mr Kalangula then went on to

present 'the largest budget in the

history of this Administration'.

The total amount voted by the

Legislative Assembly for the

1986/7 financial year amounts to

Rl 47 509 900 and this is an increase of Rl 9 088 885.

The Central Government

granted Rl 21 398 000 and the Administration funds Rl 5 200 000

from its own sources to cover the

expenditure.

An increase of 205,36 percent on

capital expenditure over last year's

amount was voted. Four secondary

schools would be built and a

forestry project at Omatale would

be expanded.

/9274

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23
SOUTH AFRICA

POSSIBILITY OF SANCTIONS VIEWED

Cape Town DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 5 Jul 86 p 8

[Op Ed Article by Dawie: "A String of New Devils May Yet Spring From Sanction

Box11]

[Text] The sanction fever abroad has reached a delirium which makes it look

as though the sanction zealots are trying to outbid each other with the worst

threats against South Africa. Nobody knows what all is yet going to come out

of that frenzied storm. Especially in two countries that have close ties with

South Africa — America and Britain — a melee which bears close scrutiny is

in progress.

J

White Exodus

The_ British government tried to regain its former dynamic role in southern

Africa recently under Mrs Margaret Thatcher. The Reagan Administration tried

to take the lead for a while with its policy of »constructive engagement» in

southern Africa. What is motivating Mrs Thatcher to come forward so strongly

now? In the first place, she realizes the importance of her country's

economic ties with the Republic. If they are seriously damaged, tens of

thousands of more Britons may be out of work in a country which already has a

terrible unemployment problem. Secondly, she is afraid that a serious South

African crisis could result in a white exodus whereby South Africans could

cause a large-scale immigration problem for Britain. Figures are mentioned of

up to a million South Africans who would want to take refuge in Britain with

their British passports. That says a lot about what is expected under a

revolutionary regime. Furthermore, she fears that the international balance

of power could be crucially affected if South and southern Africa come into

the communist sphere of influence. Those considerations, all three of

consequence, are why Mrs Thatcher keeps on taking such a strong stand against

sanctions. Fear of a South Africa with its tremendous natural resources in

communist hands is also a principal motive in the Reagan Administration's

attitude toward South Africa.

Red Ties

But there — as in Britain — there is apparently a move going on to obtain

closer contact" with black movements; presumably also the ANC. If the two

24
countries do not let themselves be taken in, who knows, it may bring them to

new insights; for the message is getting through more and more strongly in

America that the ANC is "a communist-infested liberation movement." The

specter of Fidel Castro is walking again. There are still worse hidden

dangers, even for America itself; like the Rev. Jesse Jackson's appeal for the

USA military to intervene in South Africa to defend Blacks against "government

violence." If American soldiers start to shoot and kill whites in South

Africa, forces here and in America are going to be unleashed which would make

the Vietnam nightmare look like a spring parade. However, in America, as in

Britain and elsewhere in the West, leftists are obviously so pumped up that

they keep on raging about just one demand: "apartheid" (whatever that means to

them) must go, and immediately — no matter what the consequences are. Some

say it's just as well that the Botha government be thrown out along with it.

They do not care what or who comes in its place. It does not make one iota of

difference to them that they want to get at South Africa with methods which

they do not see their way clear to use against the dictatorships and military

regimes of the communist and Third World. It is also they who lay all the

blame for violence on the government and continually excuse the terrorists,

with their necklace murders, their kangaroo courts, their landmines and

bombings. The passion to get at the Botha government is comparable to that

which the Boer Republics experienced before the outbreak of the Second War of

Independence [Boer War]. And the desire to punish South Africa is reminiscent

of what happened at Versailles after the First World War, when the West was so

eager to punish Germany that they later conjured up a Hitler.

New Devils

But fortunately there are still important groups in the West that realize what

new devils could appear out of the sanction box, such as the communists being

able to get their way in southern Africa. Mrs Thatcher, for her part,

continually stresses the long South African coastline. She obviously realizes

that full-scale sanctions would require a sea blockade which would hold

alarming possibilities. Whoever really gives full consideration to sanctions

can only see madness in them. The question in the next few months will be

whether there is enough common sense in the West to go against those errors.

13084

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25
SOUTH AFRICA

STATE COUNSEL ADMITS TWO PRESS RESTRICTIONS INVALID

MB201500 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1441 GMT 20 Aug 86

[Text] Pietermaritzburg, 20 Aug, SAPA—Counsel for the state today conceded

before the Natal Supreme Court here that two orders restricting press

coverage of the emergency had been improperly promulgated and were invalid.

The orders, issued by the commissioner of police on June 16 in terms of

Emergency Regulation 7(l).c and 7(1)D, sought to prohibit the announcement,

dissemination, distribution, taking or sending within or from the republic

of any Comment on or news on connection with any conduct of any force

or any member of a force regarding the maintenance of the safety of the

public or the public order or the termination of the state of emergency,

without official permission. They also sought to prohibit the presence of

journalists for the purpose of reporting in any black residential area or any

other area in which unrest is occurring, without prior official permission.

The orders were issued by telex to the South African Press Association.

Mr S. Kentridge, SC, [Senior Counsel] appearing for four newspaper companies,

the Argus Company, SA Associated Newspapers, Natal Newspapers and The

Natal Witness, argued yesterday that the orders were of no effect because

of their method of promulgation. The newspaper companies are asking a full

bench of the Natal division of the Supreme court to declare emergency

regulations 7 to 12 void and without force in law.

Today's concession by counsel for the state Mr Jan Combrink means that the

court need not decide that particular issue.

Judgment in the matter of the emergency regulations themselves was reserved.

/12624

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26
SOUTH AFRICA

»MORE INFORMATIVE* NEWS WITH ONLY ONE NETWORK

MB151720 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1716 GMT 15 Aug 86

[Text] Pretoria, 15 August, SAPA—Another salvo was fired in the M-Net/SABC

"war" today when the deputy information minister, Mr Louis Nel, said in

Silverton that it would not be in the public interest to allow "another

television network" to broadcast news. Mr Nel would not name M-Net

specifically in an address to the Pretoria press club but said: "If we should

allow another television network to broadcast news I have very little doubt

that both the SABC's and the other stations newscasts will become more

dramatic, more agitating and less informative. This will not be in the public

interest." He stressed however: "this is the way I see it." Mr Nel was

addressing the club on the selectivity of newspaper and television news

services.

Currently the government will not allow M-Net to broadcast news unless it is

obtained from the SABC, but it has been speculated that the press-owned

channel would eventually be permitted to present an independent TV news

service.

Due to the nature of competing television services abroad, South Africa had

over the past two years been turned into a "Rambo" show-business item—an

ongoing show with all the action and violence required by the commercially

proven recipe, with a cast of good guys and baddies.

US congressional leaders ran for the Nielsen ratings, while foreign television

had succeeded in pushing governments to take steps against South Africa, Mr

Nel said. The peaceful side of South Africa landed on the editing floor, he

said. Non-competitive newscasts could cover events more in depth, he said.

"In comparing American and British TV newscasts with that of the SABC, we

cannot but reach the conclusion that the SABC's TV newscasts are less

dramatic, less entertaining but more informative," he said.

Mr Nel, criticised the press for affording less coverage for yesterday's Natal

Supreme Court ruling on emergency sub-regulations governing detentions which

contradicted a ruling on Monday by the Durban Supreme Court that they were

ultra vires.

/12913

CSO: 3400/432

27
SOUTH AFRICA

NP STANCE ON ANC, LIBERALIZATION SCORED

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 2 Jul 8b p 4

[Editorial: "Headlong Toward Revolution"]

[Text] Five laws of a far-reaching nature were pushed through in the final

hours of the parliamentary session in the past week or so: the amendment act

on regional service councils, the act on provincial government, the act on

black local authorities, the act on regranting South African citizenship, the

act on identification and the repeal of influx control. Mr Louis Stofberg

pointed out that the laws amount to revolutionary steps and that, apart from

any other consideration, it is extremely unwise to take action at such a pace

in an existing order. History has taught that reform can only occur

successfully if there is a consolidation after each step before a following

step is taken. If reform and change occur at an ever quicker pace, it is

essentially revolution, or at least the indispensable condition for

revolution.

It is clear that the "National" Party, according to a liberal formula, is out

to try to get ahead of the revolution which the communists are trying to

consummate in South Africa through the ANC. It is a recognized argument of

the liberalists that revolution can be averted by eliminating the reasons for

grievance and thereby frustrating the revolutionary aspiration. The repeal of

so many laws and the simultaneous adoption of drastic measures is obviously

being done with so much haste because this must open the way for yet more laws

of a yet more drastic nature, which will be proposed at the second session of

parliament as a consequence of the "National" Party's congress in Durban.

Mr P.W. Botha's position that South Africa is one undivided country with a

single citizenship results in the citizenship laws having to be changed and

citizenship for Blacks having to correlate with Blacks having freedom to move

anywhere in South Africa; therefore the repeal of measures for influx control.

And if there is a single citizenship, the identity documents must be the same.

And if the Blacks have the same citizenship and same identification as the

Whites, they must also have the same political rights, starting with regional

service councils, and the Whites' exclusive right in provincial management

must be abolished so that in due time a black administrator can come, as Mr

Chris Heunis has revealed. With these steps the way is being prepared for

bringing in Blacks at the highest level, the Cabinet, by means of what is

28
called "a National Statutory Council," which has been described by Mr P.W.

Botha as the first step toward permanent powersharing.

The government is evidently living under the delusion that if it moves quickly

with this dismantling of the system of separate development it will

outmaneuver the leftist revolutionary powers and will insulate the black

population against agitation for more concessions. It evidently still does

not understand two things. One is that the American powerholders, with Shultz

and Crocker in front, will not be satisfied with anything less than a black

ANC government. The other is that the communists who are behind the riots and

rebellion will not be satisfied with anything less than a black ANC govenment.

The document of the Politburo of the South African Communist Party, which was

just disclosed by the government, sketches the role of what is called "the

liberal bourgeoisie," of which the organized financial power and its

journalistic and academic appendages are the most important components. They,

the communists say in this document, want to have reform of South Africa that

goes further than what the government now wants, but which aims at buying off

the goals of the revolutionary forces. This, the communists say, is a

significant fact, because a political readjustment in the reigning power bloc

"which favors the liberal bourgeoisie will undoubtedly create better

conditions for the continuation of the revolutionary forces' struggle to

attain the goals of a national democratic revolution."

It is clear from this that the government, in following up its Carlton and

Good Hope deliberations with its latest legislative program, has done

everything that the "liberal bourgeoisie" expected of its. This indicates

that the NP government is getting more and more in step with the organized

financial power, by which better conditions are being created "for continuing

the struggle of the revolutionary forces." While this process is being

accelerated in such a helter-skelter manner by the government's hasty

legislative program, the following phase is already recognizably in progress.

That is to convert the organized financial power's talks with the communist

ANC into talks between the government and the ANC. Two of the organized

financial power's representatives, Tony Bloom from Premier Milling and Chris

Ball from Barclays Bank, have just given the ANC a hearing on TV in London.

And at the same time it is reported from London that the Thatcher government

wants to send the British minister of foreign affairs to South Africa to

mediate talks between the government and the communists of the ANC.

In the light of the South African Communist Party's position in the previously

mentioned document, it is extremely important that "for us to remember that

practically all the revolutionary struggles in the postwar years (Algeria,

Vietnam, Angola, Mozambique etc.) attained their final climax at the

negotiating table. Who can still doubt that the organized financial power,

the liberal powerholders of the USA and the British Conservative Party are

aspiring to anything different in South Africa than what was the case in

Rhodesia—black communist government—and that the Botha administration is the

herald for that?

130Ö4

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29
SOUTH AFRICA

DIVISION AMONG RIGHTIST RANKS DERIDED

Pretoria BEKTP in Afrikaans 23 Jun 86 p 6

[Editorial: "Rightist Circus"]

[Text] The far-rightists talk of cooperation, but sometimes one wonders

whether there is anything binding them together other than their hatred for

the government; for there is so much squabbling going on that the Tower of

Babel gives them the appearance of consensus if one is looking for a common

positive factor. Think, for example, of the Conservative Party [KP] of Dr

Andries Treurnicht, who is so cozy with the AWB [Afrikaner Resistance

Movement]. The AWB is not at all interested in democracy — and then it

simply wants to give, away the whole Cape. What does Dr Treurnicht, who has

made his marks in the Cape, say about that? And what does the KP, with its

Cape leader and Cape parliamentary representation, say? It is indeed betrayal

of one's own principles to make common cause with such people.

The HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party] is just as guilty. Its leaders appear on

podiums along with AWB people, and there is a lot of talk about the wave of

J^t? 1Sti opposition to the "liberal" government. But the bitterness comes

when there is any talk at all about details of policy. The mere mention of

the word Boer State is enough to get a civil miniwar going. And then there is

that enormous bit of irony: one far-rightist wants to be »more conservative»

than the other, so that they pursue radicalism. That is why Mr Jaap Marais

can now be accused by AWB circles of actually being the original sellout, the

first liberal. Let us now rescue a people and a country with such petty

leaders. One sometimes wonders how the poor Dr Treurnicht and some of his

misguided followers can still stand it.

13084

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30
SOUTH AFRICA

PROBLEMS OF AFRIKANER DISUNITY VIEWED

Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 27 Jun 86 p 14

[Op Ed Article by Wille Kuehn: "Useless Afrikaners—Their Country and People

in Crisis Now Need Them"]

[Text] The seriousness of the situation in which the Afrikaner finds himself

will have to lead to political unity in addition to church unity. This

statement by Professor Johan Heyns in his chairman's speech at the annual

gathering of the SA Academy deserves serious consideration.

Political unity? That sounds highly improbable. The Afrikaner spectrum

stretches from Dr Van Zyl Slabbert, with his small far-leftist

extraparliamentary stream, to Mr Eugene Terre1 Blanche, who marches with black

boots over other far-rightist elements. Any realist knows they cannot all be

joined together. For that very reason we should not try to unite all poles

and extremes. Any democracy or semi-democracy has its fringe figures, fringe

movements. They provide one reason for protecting moderate, responsible

politics, for it is often also good to know what one does not want to be.

Restore

But first a few other realities: Do enough people realize that what is now

going on in South Africa is a sort of finale? There was a previous state of

emergency with escalating violence afterward. That made many Whites believe

that a fair solution with relatively little violence is fading away.

Therefore the current state of emergency became necessary. When he instituted

the nationwide state of emergency on 12 June, President P.W. Botha said: The

occurrence and increase in violence is of such an extent that the safety of

the public and the maintenance of public order is seriously threatened by it.

This means that the government will now simply have to restore order and

confidence. Any sign of weakness now will be mercilessly exploited in the

future, for example after the termination of the state of emergency. The

terrorist forces will then believe that control cannot be adequately restored,

and that they must keep on creating greater chaos until they get the upper

hand. That is what the big trial of strength is about. This explains the

state's drastic emergency powers. Many people (so it is claimed in

parliament) are being detained, partial press censorship has been instituted,

31
the commemoration of important dates prohibited, etc. If a state is even

W1i i"g

J:° aCCept sanctioT)S asa reality, it is dealing with matters of life

and death; or perhaps of death and life, for at stake is nothing less than

orderly politics, protection of minorities, negotiations as a principle. These

factors are essential for continued existence for most groups in South Africa.

Solutions

IhaLI

^

t

f ^° aP°litical terminus in South Africa must be kept open and safe

—and that is what the current struggle is about. It can therefore rightly be

said it is a kind of final struggle which cannot be lost. Against that

background, questions can be asked along with Professor Heyns about Afrikaner

unity. And when we start to get answers, a spontaneous pressure for qreater

unity ought to arise. The future must be purely and further understood in

times of crisis. The various solutions in politics are: the Afrikaner volk

[ethnic] state of the AWB, the old Verwoerd dream of the HNP, the NP and its

^?ln^

P

^^r!'J

ideal °f

^stice, but Protection for all population

groups, the leftist dream of one man, one vote in a unitary state (and thus

J?L P°ss-^ll;Lty of oppression by Blacks) and the Marxist dream of dictatorship.

As for the Afrikaner, the volk state is regarded by even many far-rightists as

SL^ST ° T* dan?

e

?

rous that they do not grant it any political oxygen.

The HNP represents policies which the NP tried to carry out, but was not able

l^U^nS% ?** £

an a

9

roi?ld on the roc*s of reality or were shown to be

SS}^n2

efen??le

- v.,

3 leaVSS US With the NP'which is seeki J new K^i T Z S

d

P*??161"

3

'

and the KP, which has not yet been able to

formulate suitable policy - that is precisely why it is so easily taken in

tow first by the HNP and now the AWB.

Unity

What becomes of a political party and its followers if they realize they are

Si^J ^

SS Deans"rebels without a cause and reason? If they realize

they do not have any hope for success and if the dynamics of politics leaves

them ever further behind? Just think of the parliamentary session whicS 2

over and the real contribution that the KP made. There is a little hubbub,

£ f^^^°

f

Jf d?

Äte *" a

^^ to c^513 * h°w a solution can

oe round with respect to forces (some democratic, others not) left of the

government. Obviously that formula will not be found to the right. Do the

SSiiS^S?*^ *"*£ Wh°

haVe become Poetically useless and powerless,

SSTS^i» ^ "

1^^calar ^^ot offer them anything more, realize it?

Then Professor Heyns» utterance about political unity gets significance.

The lost, the useless, the frustrated should reflect on this anew. If they

really care about the survival of the Afrikaner, they will start to think of

positive help to a country in crisis and they will make a contribution so that

the struggle which cannot be lost is indeed won. One wants to believe that

^reasonable people of the right wing will understand, and that a place will

withtonor ^

Any°ne gladly wants to serve his country and his people

13084

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32
SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANERS URGED TO COOPERATE WITH MODERATES OF OTHER RACES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 13 Aug 86 p 4

[Article by Hannes de Wet]

[Text] WARMBATHS — Broederbond chief Professor J de

Lange last night called on Afrikaners to seek a cultural alliance with moderates of all other race

groups.

He told the annual congress of the Afrikaanse Taal

en Kultuur Vereniging (ATKV) at Warmbaths:

"We dare not lose heart and hide in a corner as

some want to. This is a time for us to deliberately

broaden our cultural contacts.

"Through such contact we must address the world

and all other cultures within our country," he said.

The way to achieve that was to seek an alliance

with the moderates among blacks, Indians and coloureds as well.

MUTUAL RESPECT

Mutual respect and understanding should be created which would culminate in co-operation, Professor

De Lange said.

He added that it was up to this middle group in

South Africa to take the initiative and to play a deciding role in the future of the country.

There were a number of conditions which had to be

fulfilled before this could happen.

One was that it should be physically safe for all

moderates to come forward and take part in such an

initiative.

Referring to people who had their houses burnt because of contact with

whites from the establishment, Professor De

Lange said: "We should

protect them with everything we have".

Professor de Lange,

who is also the rector of

the Rand Afrikaans University, said the Afrikaner had become the

"ugly monster" of the

1980s in the outside

world.

The Afrikaner's will to

fight back would be a

crucial factor.

"We cannot escape the

fact that we are moving

towards a new South

Africa," Professor De

Lange said.

/13104

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33
SOUTH AFRICA

OFFICIAL SUPPORTS JOINT PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES

MB271525 Joahnnesburg SAPA in English 1509 GMT 27 Aug 86

[Text] House of Assembly, 27 Aug, SAPA—Joint parliamentary debates on general

affairs bills were already taking place in the standing committee system

and it was significant that under certain circumstances, these discussions

behind closed doors" would be extended to public debates, the chairman

of the Ministers Councils in the house, Mr F.W. de Klerk, said today.

Speaking in the debate on the second report of the joint meeting of

committees on standing rules and orders, which recommended joint debates

m certain cases, he said the fundamental principle of each of the

three houses voting separately would not be affected. The principle in the

standing committees where a majority of representatives of each houses

took their decisions separately would also apply to joint debates

Mr de Klerk said. '

"For how long?" members of the CP [Conservative Party] asked across the

floor in a number of interjections.

Mr de Klerk said the introduction of joint debates was an important part

of the new dispensations implementation and that it would be detrimental

to the system if "petty politics" were made out of it. Such moves by

some opposition members were, however, to be expected.

Mr de Klerk said joint debates would also result in a much more effective

utilization of ministers' time. The proposal in the report had a built-in

flexibility to enable party whips to coordinate and plan the smooth

and efficient operations of debates and parliamentary procedures. There

was a need for this flexibility because in, for example, debates on the

transport and posts and telecommunications budgets, MPS would prefer

separate debates because many used the opportunity to raise specific

constituency matters.

A recommendation by the standing committee in its report that all aspects

and alternatives, of parliamentary sessions also be looked at opened the way

for MPS to explore ways and means of how they could best serve the country.

If, however, the historical agreement according to which Cape Town was the

legislative center, Pretoria the executive and Bloemfontein the judicial

was tampered with, people would be looking for trouble, he said. The heavy

demands on MPS and their need for regular visits to their constituencies,

especially now that provisional councils had been abolished, would also

have to be carefully considered and taken into account.

/12624

CSO: 3400/471 34
SOUTH AFRICA.

CONSERVATIVES REJECT BLACKS' PARTICIPATION IN DECISIONMAKING

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Aug 86 p 11

[Article by Colleen Ryan]

[Text ] The Conservative Party in the

Transvaal has reaffirmed its

commitment to old-style apartheid and has vowed to fight

rather than surrender.

Opening the CP's congress at

the weekend, leader Dr Andries

Treurnicht warned that whites

were not prepared to commit

political suicide.

He said the Governments

promise to include blacks in

decision-making at central

government level would eventually force whites to surrender power.

"It is naive and deceptive to

talk about white self-determination if you invite blacks to

help run the country," said Dr

Treurnicht.

There were 40 discussion

points on the congress agenda,

most dealing with the need to

return South Africa to the Verwoerdian era.

A motion of no confidence in

the Government was unanimously approved, with delegates saying the State had no

mandate to allow black representation in central government. The congress also expressed strong opposition to

the proposed regional services

councils, which they said would

encourage multiracialism and

remove democratic rights.

One sensitive motion dealt

with the CP's opposition "to the

removal of apartheid under the

guise of religion".

/13104

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One delegate condemned the

NG Kerk Moderator, Professor

Johan Heyns, "for trying to

murder apartheid" in the

church. He also expressed opposition to multiracial worship,

saying it would "make whites

soft for integration".

Earlier, Dr Treurnicht had

referred to the issue, saying the

State President, Mr P W Botha,

had no right to link his reforms

to religion.

"There is nothing in Christianity about political powersharing; Christianity says nothing about a multiracial Cabinet

and provincial councils," said

Dr Treurnicht.

He quoted the Bible as saying that different nations

should live separately.

The "liberal" media, and

particularly the SABC, came

under attack. The SABC was

slated for allegedly devoting itself to carrying Government

propaganda and for giving the

right wing a poor showing.

CP member Mrs Gay Gräser

told the congress that she refused to pay her TV licence.

"They can put me in jail, but 1

am not going to pay for something that will expedite my demise." She added that there

were many foreigners at the

SABC, and warned that some

"could be KGB agents using the

SABC".

Delegates were issued with

bumper stickers which said:

"Netwerk is politieke

knoeiwerk." ("Network" is political conniving.)

35
SOUTH AFRICA

TRANSVAAL INDIANS TO BENEFIT FROM DELEGATES' HOUSING PACKAGE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Aug 86 p 8

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — Indians in the TransVaal

will benefit substantially from the R49 million

allocated to the House

of Delegates as part of

the new R750 million

package for housing

and infrastructure.

Mr B Dookie, Minister

of Local Government,

Housing and Agriculture,

said his administration expected to start servicing

land and constructing

about 5 000 low-cost

homes, in addition to activity taking place in

terms of the existing budget of the House of Delegates.

The needs were greatest in the Durban area,

Marburg, Richards Bay,

Dalton, Isipingo, Newcastle, Ladysmith, Lenasia and Bethal, where

projects would be completed in the 1987-88 financial year.

Of the R49-m, R30-m

would be used to buy

much-needed land in

areas where low-cost Indian housing was "desperately needed," Mr

Dookie said.

These areas included

Lenasia, East Rand,

Northern Natal, Southern

Natal and the Natal Midlands.

Mr David Curry, Minister of Local Government, Housing and Agriculture in the House of

Delegates, said that

R67,9-m allocated for

Coloured housing would

be spent in the main to

build homes, upgrade

communities and create

needed infrastructure in

many towns throughout

South Africa.

The allocation to the

House of Delegates was

welcomed by the Indian

community, but with reserve, Mr Dinkie Pillay, a

member of the Lenasia

South East Management

Committee said.

Mr Pillay said the allocation was "long overdue" and that there had

been a very "lethargic approach" to the issue in the

past.

"Nevertheless, I believe the first thing the

Government should consider spending mqney on,

is the Group Areas Act,

which has caused untold

misery for my people,

thousands of whom are

forced to live in Hillbrow

and other places illegally."

/9274

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36
SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER SUPPORTS INTERNAL SCHOOLING FOR BLACKS

MB251825 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1818 GMT 25 Aug 86

[Text] Cape Town, 25 Aug, SAPA—Ample opportunities existed in South Africa

for the education and training of blacks to the highest academic and

professional levels, the minister of education and development aid,

Dr Gerrit Viljoen, said today. He was commenting on weekend reports

that certain bodies and organizations were proposing programs to educate

large numbers of black pupils overseas. People could best be prepared

for "useful" citizenship through education "in South Africa for South

Africans" at school level, he said in a statement released in Cape Town.

His department was implementing the government's commitment to achieving

equal education opportunities for all in South Africa. A new department

of national education had been established in 1984 to lay down uniform

norms and standards for all education departments in the country, he said.

Dr Viljoen said that, as proof of what had been achieved in the education

of blacks, almost 714,000 Standard 8 certificates and more than 191,000

Standard 10 certificates had been issued to blacks since 1960. In spite

of several historical and developmental backlogs, the total number

of blacks who matriculated annually increased from 7,700 in 1977 to more

than 40 000 in 1984. During the past 30 years, almost 15,000 university

degrees were awarded to blacks, while only 1,426 degrees were awarded

during all the years before 1956. At present, approximately 43,000 blacks

are enrolled at universities in South Africa, and about 110,000 black

teachers were trained during the past 25 years."

Dr Viljoen said he welcomed contributions by the private sector to the

improvement of the quality of black education, "but such efforts and

investments can be made more beneficially and cost-effectively within

South Africa, than abroad." Local efforts to improve education would

also stimulate growth and development for the benefit of a much larger

section of the black population than would be possible abroad, he said.

/12624

CS0: 3400/471

37
SOUTH AFRICA

CP MP PROTESTS NEW RANDBURG TOWNSHIP

MB25096 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2049 GMT 24 Aug 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 24 Aug, SAPA-The protest action against the proposed

black township Norweto North of Randburg and Sandton has the "wholehearted

sympathy and support" of the MP for North Rand, Mr J.C.B. Schoeman.

The Conservative Party [CP] MP also said in a statement to SAPA this

evening that the proposals is a "tragedy for the whole community.

"Moves to situate a black residential area north and northwest of Randburg

xn the vicinity of Honeydew and the incorporation of Erasmia in the

Indian area of Laudium were successfully opposed over the years by myself

on behalf of the community, and the general support received in these

instances resulted in further white development such as the establishment

of various holiday resorts along the Crocodile and Hennops Rivers "

Mr Schoeman said. '

"The area is a natural residential area for whites because of its

situation, and because of this I am compelled to regard the actions of

the government as reckless in the extreme.

"A black township will have disastrous effects on the general environment,"

HG S3.X0. •

One of the side-effects will be the pollution of the Crocodile, Jukskei

and Hennops Rivers, Mr Schoeman added.

Another side-effect will be that Lanseria Airport will be neutralized as

an alternative to Jan Smuts airport in a time of crisis, and the black

township will therefore negate the whole purpose of establishing

Lanseria, he said.

"The establishment of the township will endanger the security aspect of

Pelindaba, not to mention the effect it will have on the areas natural

ecological balance," the statement said.

"The surrounding areas of Sandton, Randburg, Lanseria, Brits and Schoemansville

W

-.u

be b

*

anketed b

y

the smoke which is typical of all black township areas,

with a debilitating effect on the white residential areas, the occupants

of which moved to our area in the first place to get away from city pollution.

38
"The final tragedy will of course be the diminished value of properties."

He urged residents of the area to put up a strong resistance against "this

typically arrogant and uncaring attitude by the National Party government.

"This proposed township may not come into being and the conservative party

will do everything in its power and employ all legal methods of

resistance to fight this treachery."

In a statement on the subject being discussed on the SABC television program

network tonight, the Johannesburg regional chairman of the CP, Mr Clive

Derby-Lewis said the Nationaliss "packed the gallery with their paid lackeys

in the program to try and bluff and mislead the beleaguered residents

of north Rand.

/12624

CSO: 3400/471

39
SOUTH AFRICA

PROBLEM OF RURAL DEPOFUIATION REVIEWED

Bloemfontein DIE VOLK5BIAD in Afrikaans 27 Jun 86 p 12

[Editorial: "Save the Countryside1»]

[Text] There are many reasons why the depopulation of the countryside should

be counteracted: strategic, economic and social. The greater S^^iSSon

aredependent, the greater the military vulnerability is. As for the economy

i Jf 5

9BBat SXtent a mtter of distances and tränsportatto oostelbSSi

fS^F*??*; *?^ ** SOCial ^^ ifc ^^ xnucS mSlhS^uS

a sentimental attachment to rural life. It involves established communities

SoSiraff^^ ^ **?i* °

f Ufe

-

M1 °f

**°* are

closely affect ^gs^STmost the daily existence of man.

£ s^st^faS 5? «^ **« °f the cities is purely economic. But it is so strong that it can be stemmed in few countries of the world That i«,

evidenced by the squatter towns near the cities in every developlS o?

r^afS^S? r^' **? flOW °

f

P^P16 acrass ****» ^a^rmo^Sg gfroS

stoXntotTl^^X^^f^t0*^ *

1

*

5

' *** kindling nirf students of rural schools, it is highly improbable that this trend can be>

reverted in South Africa, it is more tha£ possible - it L neisS?-??hS

it be able to be kept within limits and that the countrJsidJ ?s^ev2ted from" being drained and becoming rural slum areas. ^^ prevented from

rt'SSS^n91^*° ^TiOUS a^

eCtS °f

^

problem at

«» «"g^Bs of ROEP

UfTSZ f

9

'

Äe

. State P

resident emphasized that raising the quality of

life in rural areas is part of the national strategy for regional developW

2£L2f P^

ulat

.

10

n

n

development program. Other speaker! ttaefSSTS

economic and social matters, and Mr Ton Vosloo touched on a cardinal mint bv

f^fftl°

n

.

t0 ** **«*«* of communication between ^opuSSo^oups

^ S^SStaS .T633^

11!^^^^ the standard of living o? all the inhabitants of an area. This is of the utmost importance in the state of

emergency reigning in the country at present. Th^^fto^s^which arf

hSv^S^Se^wfth^^111^ ^ ^-tion, while oth^forexSpS? have to contend with unrest and consumer boycotts. Something can be learned

SÄ^ in'Se^- ^^-L-tabili^ are a p»»^t^c£5£ development. In the light of the ever more important role that local

SSä-S:ss£Ty'" ta a mtto *

idl wU1 yet ^s

^ ^

13084

CSO: 3401/169

40
SOUTH AERICA

FUTURE URBANIZATION PATTERNS VIEWED AS YET UNPREDICTABLE

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 4 Jul 86 p 15

[Article by Political Editorial Staff: "Influx Requires New Rules—South

Africa Has Great Potential for 'Villagization'"]

[Text] The abolishment of influx control, together with various immeasurable

factors influencing urbanization, bring new rules into an extremely fluid

situation, and one will be not be able to identify a definite urbanization

and/or influx pattern in the [Cape] Penisnusla until two to three years,

Professor Julius Jeppe, professor of development administration at the

University of Stelleribosch, says. If in that period of time urbanization has

not yet significantly occurred in the Western Cape, it can be assumed that

influx has stabilized. Professor Jeppe says various steps, including rural

development, should be investigated in order to meet problems of urbanization.

"South Africa has a terrible potential for 'villagization.' The vacuum which

has been left by white depopulation of the countryside can to a great extent

eventually be filled by Coloreds and even blacks. It's a highly explosive

matter, but something that should be seriously considered. It can lure many

people away from the big cities."

However, influx control, which has now been abolished, is nothing new. It was

already introduced in the 1870's by the diamond mines at that time, and since

then there have always been forms of influx control. So there can be no

guessing about the consequence of abolishing influx control. Some of the

numerous factors which cannot be measured, but which can influence the process

of urbanization, include:

- The sociological resistance to breaking ties with family and the known

environment and moving out of the homelands, as opposed to youth's inclination

to try to escape from the pressure of society by moving to the "bright city

lights;

- In Transkei and Ciskei there are nondiscriminating circumstances keeping

people there, as opposed to rather politically authoritarian conduct pushing

them away;

- The shortage of suitable housing and job opportunities helps to stem greater

influx, but the bus services nowadays operating between Transkei and Ciskei

41
and the Peninsula give greater mobility to people—in particular heavily

toward the side of urbanization.

Professor Jeppe says a factor which should also not be left out of

consideration is the emotional empathy among certain people with "the black

man's plight.» That has led to thousands of Blacks now living in white areas.

That method, of liberals in particular to soothe their consciences, is an

extremely attractive boon to many and can even encourage more people to come.

And nobody will easily get them out again, in view of the fact that the

alternatives are too difficult and also comtain a political element.»

Another factor that one can guess about is the question as to what political

pressure is behind people to move to the Peninsula. Large numbers of people

from the unemployment areas of the Eastern Cape may come to the Peninsula as

pawns for the revolutionaries. »And that's something which one should not

underestimate.» The »Lebensraum» for blacks is still rather limited in the

Western Cape to places like Khayelitsha, and therefore one can expect that

squatting will crop up at unexpected spots, even in residences near Whites.

These are all new rules in an extremely fluid situation, and one will be able

to point out a definite trend only in two to three years. Professor Jeppe

says a decrase in the level of housing is inevitable in future black

urbanization. First-world standards cannot be afforded and an informal sector

**if"6^ .

accePted ^ the house market. Durban is a typical example of

a first-world city with a third-world belt, where a limited modern center is

surrounded by a belt of slums, squatter areas and so-called »closer

settlements» with between 1.2 and 1.4 million residents. Cape Town and

Pretoria are also now beginning to be surrounded by an informal residential

area.

As for rural urbanization, »villagization»—the development of rural towns

—will become more and more important. In its rural context, South Africa has

a good infrastructure with many good and modern facilities, communications,

roads and television, and schools which are unoccupied. Black urbanization is

inevitable, and villagization and rural development will have to be looked at.

Agricultural development and land-ownership systems will have to get attention

to assure that people are not encouraged to leave their land. Professor says

about 86 percent of white South Africans are already urbanized, 92 percent of

the Indians and 68 percent of the Coloreds. Their urbanization process has

thus already been consummated. In contrast, only about 40 percent of the

Blacks have yet become urbanized. The informal sector will have to be used as

an outlet to make provision for greater black urbanization, otherwise the

state will not be able to afford it.

Jeppe says he believes the spirit of enterprise of people ought to be given a

free rein. »It is surprising how many people live well and imaginatively in

tte informal sector. And we will get that more and more.» The advantage of

urbanization is an immediate decrease in the population growth. That has been

proven internationally, and Coloreds have proven it here. »We have enough

knowledge to handle orderly urbanization, but it is sometimes hampered by

political undercurrents and interference. Political and emotional input gives

the radicals a chance to climb in, while bureaucratization can also hamstring

urbanization,» Professor Jeppe says.

13084

CSO: 3401/168

42
SOUTH AERICA

ZIMBABWE'S LESSON IN BIACK RULE EXEMPLIFIED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 2 Jul 86 p 8

[Editorial: "The Example of Zimbabwe'1]

TTextl It seems virtually certain that the 20 white seats in Zimbabwe's

parliament are going to be abolished. That intention was»<****«*jessed

Sis week by the minister of justice, Dr Eddison Zvobgo. As a result^of the

Lancaster House Constitution, the white seats can be eliminated in April of

next year provided that 70 of the hundred members of parliament.approve it.

Until then such a decision must be unanimous. The only stumbling block at

that stage is the question whether Mr Robert Mugabe'sgovernment will get the

70 votel. Observers believe the chance is good that uns «"JggSk

According to many reports, the remaining Whites in Z:^fkMeJ^±^for^f

existence with enough money, big houses, swimming pools and servants. There

are even some ex-Rhodesians who are returning there.

What is now happening in Rhodesia is naturally very interesting to South

Africans. The whites are tolerated in that country by the government.-- not

because it is so fond of them, but because the whites are needed^for the

economy, to keep necessary services going and to produce enough food. They

are economically useful, and in exchange for that they receive many *J*"A

benefits. But they do have to pay a price for that; namely, total Political

powerlessness. Mr Mugabe has already proven himself as a passable P^gmatic

who is willing to partially give up his principles at least for the>time

being. But what guarantee do the whites - as a matter of fact^the blacks as

well — have that Mr Mugabe may not be replaced by a merciless black dictator

in due course, as has happened tens of times in the rest of Africa.The truth

is that Mugabe is alreadynow starting to turn all the political thumbscrews

tighter Smoking ever nearer to a one-party state. Tne South African whites

will thus have to decide what they consider the most important: an uncertain

economic prosperity or the sharing of political power.

13084

CSO: 3401/168

43
SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE MERGER BILL APPROVED

/Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Aug 86 p 12

African ^l^i"0 merf

the S

°

Uth AfriCan Railwa

y

s Pollce w

^h the South ^HniTtt *~^^^ —and

The Transfer of the SA Railways Police to th*> qA pnn« wn SS--TÄÄTS Bää«särSS *

overlapping and enable the available manpower to be used more emotively.

sIpSCh?nmo^r!dr

mberS °f the Rallways Police woul<* not be worse off in the

condition IT £f

tan"s Railw*y Policemen would lose some of their

conditions of service, but as a whole the service package within the SAP was

/13104

CSO: 3400/451

44
SOOTH AERICA

PROSPECTS OF ECONOMY EXAMINED

Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBIAD in Afrikaans 18 Jun 86 p 8

[Editorial: "Injection"]

[Text] The condition of a sick man can change continually — a flicker of

hope now and then a setback; now delirious with fever and without hope and the

next moment again the prospect of speedy recovery. That is the way it is with

the national economy: not yet dead to be sure (there is a lot to be thankful

about), but better days can be witnessed. At the start of the year, when high

expectations were entertained for 1986 and everyone hoped that the eventual

recovery would come this year, there were a few negative factors which kept

the economy confined to its bed: the lingering political uncertainty (which

especially restrained domestic investment); the lack of foreign business

confidence (to dangerous to invest in South Africa); the foreign loan crisis

(when the call-in for borrowed money plunged the value of the rand way down,

with the consequent decrease in the growth rate); and the high inflation rate.

These are all symptoms which are not exactly conducive to the economy's

recovery.

Factors which have already started to count in favor of the sick man are,

among other things, bigger harvests and better agricultural prospects,

interest rates that are going down, trade surpluses, willingness to work

harder for less money, and the government's open stimulation of the economy.

But a new setback or slump has entered the picture in recent months and weeks:

threatening sanctions, the fall in the value of the rand after the nice

recovery, increasing unrest and violence, lack of confidence within and

outside the country, and despair and despondency which have a destructive

effect on the economy and the morale of the people. However, matters look

dramatically better today. The proclamation of the nationwide state of

emergency, whether or not one likes it, was perhaps a good dose against

insecurity and instability. The bitter medicine looks as though it restoring

law and order and bringing greater tranquility.

The minister of finance's strong injection of more stimulating measures to get,

the economy back on its feet may just be the right cure, because with it the

program for economic and social enhancement is being continued, more work

created, skills raised and the infrastructure in backward areas improved. It

deserves the greatest praise and gratitude of all South Africans. May the

recovery be quick and lasting. But until the political situation in the

Republic has been solved satisfactorily and justly, no medicine or injection

will permanently assure the economy of this country — and with it the bread

and butter and well-being of everyone who lives here.

13084 45

CSO: 3401/169
SCOIH AERICA

BIACKS ENCOURAGED TO PARTICIPATE IN EREE ENTERPRISE

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 8 Jul 86 p 10

[Editorial: "Blacks in Free Enterprise"]

[Text] The annual conference of the black Chamber of Commerce [Nafcoc] now

taking place m Cape Town takes on more signififance when the economic as well

as political background against which it is occurring are taken into

consideration. In the past Blacks were denied full participation in the

system of free enterprise by all kinds of laws and regulations, so that some

^

m

?^SerS^ai.aboUt Xt-

Ihe labor of Blacks ^ i^tee* used and sometimes

^iL1^^tbef

e

^

llttle opportunity to rise themselves. Dr Ben Vosloo

of the Small Businesses Development Corporation referred to this at the

conference when he said it is understandable that black people's impressions

of free enterprise is at present very negative. Besides, the system of free

SSÜ2riS? "* ***** AJ^fa has ^oome an important target of revolutionary

1??^U SP °

f that'1

'

500 Blacks are now together to discuss ways by which they can pluck more of the fruits of free enterprise for themselves and

their specific communities.

iLiS *??* hoped that they are not only aware of the economic handicap they

have, but also the of the new possibilities which have arisen. Reform

measures such as opening central business areas for colored people and the

government's adoption of the recommendations of the President's Council

concerning deregulation and the development of small businesses open doors

^^rJ^^^^T ö31

Bed to Blaclcs

-

Blacks wil1 *»* to fully make use of this if they want to enlarge their share in the economy. It is a myth that

a so-called redistribution of the country's wealth would significantly improve

the living conditions of Blacks. Rather, in the long run, the answe? SeTS

entrepeneurship and hard work.

Every opportunity should be seized to create work and generate income in a

country like South Africa with such a high black population growth and already

so many unemployed. It has been proven elsewhere in the world that the

development of small businesses is preeminently suitable for this. It is a

recipe which can mean greater prosperity for Blacks and for the country.

13084

CSO: 3401/168

46
SOUTH AFRICA

WHITE PAPER CALLS FOR MINERAL SUBSTITUTES OVER IMPORTS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Aug 86 pp 1, 2

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — A

Government White"

Paper on mineral policy calls for the use of

substitutes to replace

imported products

and, if necessary, the

creation of strategic

stockpiles.

The White Paper nowhere refers specifically

to sanctions, obviously

having been drawn up

prior to new moves overseas. But in Parliamentary circles it is seen as

having a direct bearing on

South Africa's policy in

the short-term and longterm in combating sanctions.

The publication of the

White Paper in Parliament yesterday follows a

report of the mineral policy committee, and is to be

followed by a White

Paper on the energy policy of the RSA, to be

tabled later.

"The Government believes that the successful

implementation 'of the

strategies outlined will

depend on the degree to

which effective channels

of communication between State and the private sector can be established and maintained,"

the White Paper on mineral policy said.

In a five-point "contingency strategy", it sets

out the country's mineral

priorities:

• Investigation of the

need for creating strategic

. stockpiles of mineral

commodities in cases

where self-sufficiency is

impossible or not economically justified;

• Promotion of the

use of substitute materials, wherever possible, for mineral commodities which until now

have been imported;

9 Diversifying the

sources of supply of imported mineral products;

• Stimulating and supporting exploration for

minerals that are now imported, and,

• The enhancement of

RSA's image as a reliable

supplier to the world of a

wide range of mineral

commodities of consistent

; quality.

A draft of the White

Paper was distributed to

the mineral industry for

comment in February, resulting in the new document published yesterday.

An introduction stated

that mineral exploration

was costly and ithad to be

recognised that mineral

deposits were finite, even

though South Africa was

well-endowed with economic minerals.

47
/9274

CSO: 3400/434

The Government said it

viewed exploration primarily as the responsibility of private enterprise,

but the Government's

function was to ensure

continued and orderly exploration. In this regard,

existing legislation might

need to be altered to encourage and facilitate exploration.

"The Government endorses the view that the i

country's mineral resources should be careful- '

ly and continually re-assessed in terms of prevailing economic conditions.

"Should it become

necessary under certain ,'

circumstances a restric-;

tion on exports of particular commodoties (for example, coking coal

needed by the national

steel industry) could be

opposed."

The Government also

recognised that it would

be in the national interest

to provide some form of

assistance for mines

which still had a considerable future potential.

There was also recognition of the need for a

sound scrap-metal industry.

"The Government

reaffirms its conviction

that the country's mineral

resources should, wherever possible, be used to

promote national priorities, such as regional development.

"Thus, the coal export

programme and the domestic marketing strategy

' reflect the need for the

creation of employment

opportunities in specific

; areas."

i In recognising the contribution of the mineral

. industry to the economy,

the commission of inquiry

into the tax structure of

the RSA (Margo Commission) had been di-

; rected to inquiry into the

; need, if any, for changes

| to the existing mining tax

' structure.

Dealing specifically

with import-replacement

and self-sufficiency, the

White Paper said the

Government acknowledged its responsibility to

implement measures such

as stockpiling in such a

way as to create continuity and stability in the industry.

"In view of the country's international political position, the Government agrees that import

substitution in respect of

mineral commodities

which have to be imported should be considered for strategic reasons.

"This will, however,

have to be approached

with caution, because the

encouragement of uneconomic industries could

so impair the country's

growth potential and

competitiveness that the

strategic capability of the

economy in a broader

sense could be undermined."

48
SOUTH AFRICA

CONSERVATIVE PARTY CRITICIZES GOVERNMENT'S PRIVATIZATION PLAN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Aug 86 p 13

[Text]

THE Conservative Party

has attacked privatisation

plans by the Government

and says the Government

has a responsibility to

provide certain services

for the benefit of its citiPleas by business

groups for privatisation

can only be interpreted as

a ploy to get control of

another source of income,

a statement said.

"The South African

public must not allow itself to be hoodwinked by

the propaganda campaign

for privatisation," said

Mr Jan van Zyl, Conservative Party spokesman

on finance.

"What guarantees have

we that privatisation does

not mean control by big '

business? Privatisation

does not spread economic

ownership but concentrates it in the hands of a

few. It has to date not reduced the costs ofservices :

to the taxpayer — the

costs have increased.

"An example is Sasol

which was privatised in

June 1984. In December

1984 Sasol declared a profit of Rl 130 million

which included R700 million in loan repayments.

In January 1985 the price

of petrol went up 40 percent.

"What guarantees have

we that strategic services,

once privatised, will not

land in the hands of this

country's antagonists?

"Privatisation of the

hospital services is well on

the way at enormous cost

to the taxpayer through

higher medical aid contributions. By keeping nursing salaries down, staff

shortages appeared in the

State hospitals which

were then declared unable to cope. The result

was the mushrooming of

privately-owned nursing

homes and hospitals.

/9274

CSO: 3400/439 -

49
SOUTH AFRICA

FINANCE MINISTER SAYS NOT TO DEPEND ON INCREASED FOREIGN INVESTMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Aug 86 p 3

IText]

SOUTH Africa could

not anticipate further

significant inflows of

overseas investment

and would have to generate its own funds, the

Minister of Finance,

Mr Barend du Plessis,

said yesterday.

This money would have

to be used to help with

the rapid modernisation

of the Third World part of

the economy and not for

First World ideals.

Addressing the Women

of the Year banquet in Johannesburg Mr Du Plessis

said South Africa's

growth rate in recent

years had fallen short of

what was needed to maintain living standards, let

alone improve them.

At 1980 prices, real

gross domestic product

had fallen from R2 064

per capita in 1975 to an

estimated Rl 946 in 1985.

It was evident that

every effort had now to

be made to identify and

remove structural restraints on economic advance.

People were themselves the mainspring of

economic activity. "The

Government has a positive role to play in the

process—one ofstanding

back a little and giving the

dynamic of free enterprise the best possible

run."

Mr Du Plessis said

"outward industrialisation" looked to foreign

trade as the prime engine

of growth. But because of

"recent events and

trends" South Africa

should look more to the

domestic market as its

generator of growth.

This change of emphasis in South Africa's economic strategy would involve the promotion of

this "inward industrialisation". It placed the emphasis on labour-intensive

production of basic consumer goods as the basis

of sustainable economic

growth.

"We have in fact

already taken a significant

step m this direction by

way of the abolition of influx control. The impending measure of deregulation will increase the

momentum."

Mr Du Plessis said that

decentralisation would

still be followed, it was a

fact that sustained economic growth would come

mainly from the country's

urban industrial complexes.

"We should harness

metropolitan growth to

the great end of a higher

quality of life for all.

"But if we are to be realistic and true to challenges posed by the ongoing reconstruction of

South Africa, we have to

accept that the backlogs

built over many years will

take more than just the

freer operation of market

forces to rectify.

"Together with freeing

the economy there will

have to be a significant redeployment of resources

to create and maintain

our physical and social

structures and a widely

acceptable and effective

population development

programme," Mr Du

Plessis added.

"Our people, and all

population groups, simply

have to learn to rely more

on themselves and less on

Pretoria."

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50
SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER URGES PRIVATE SECTOR TO ABANDON NEGATIVE ATTITUDES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Aug 86 p 11

[Text]

THE Minister of Finance, Mr Barend du

Plessis, called on the

private sector last night

to abandon negative

and defeatist attitudes

and accept that South

Africa had no choice

but to move forward.

Addressing the Greek

Chamber of Commerce

and Industries of Southern Africa in Johannesburg, he said the political

and social reforms taking

place in South Africa

needed a strong economy.

"In the attainment of

this, we all have a part to

play."

Mr Du Plessis said

there appeared to be a

general lack of business

confidence in the country,

arising to a large degree

from non-economic factors.

"1 would call on the private sector to depart from

negativism and defeatism

and accept, just as does

the Government, that

South Africa has no

choice but to move forward."

Outlining mediumterm Government financial policy, he said a number of bottlenecks had to

be rectified butthat shortterm recovery of the

economy could not be delayed until they had been

eliminated.

Serious attention would

have to be paid to maximising work opportunities, reducing the inflation rate, consolidating

foreign debt and tightening public spending.

"South Africa can simply no longer afford to

tackle unnecessary luxury

projects or to leave any

production capacity unutilised.

"We are still a largely

developing country and

must thus use our resources and abilities optimally."

Referring to sanctions,

Mr Du Plessis said they

would inevitably create

problems.

"But we cannot permit

this threat to undermine

our economy and create

growing unemployment

and poverty for the

people of South Africa

without taking suitable

counter measures.

"We must protect and

manage our economy in a

way best fitted to so unnatural a set of circum-

:' stances."

The best interests of

South Africans would be

the Government's highest

priority in dealing with

these problems.

"The Government will

therefore continue with

its policy, so far as lies

within its power, of creating the needed climate

and conditions for economic recovery, even

should we be forced temporarily to deviate, both

domestically and in our

international relations,

from our accepted principles of a market

oriented economic policy

approach.

"We now have no other

option than to create the

soundest and strongest

basis possible for a future

that, within the framework of the socio-political

changes taking place in

the country, will unlock

the great and exciting

economic potential of

South Africa, to the benefit of all her peoples". —

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51
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT SPELLS OUT FARMERS' ROLE IN NEW 'FOOD STRATEGY'

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Aug 86 p 12

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — An

intcr-dcpartmcntal

Government committee has been set up to

establish a "food strategy" for South Africa

in the face of foreign

economic and political

actions.

Mr Circyling Wentzel,

Minister of Agricultural

Economics, said yesterday that the Government

accepted that with the

present international climate South Africa had to

provide its own needs in

basic agricultural products.

He told a Farmers'

Union meeting at Vryburg that an adequate

food supply was a prerequisite for an acceptable economic, political

and social order as well as

for stability.

The problem lay in determining the level ofselfsufficiency demanded for

vital agricultural products.

"An intcr-dcpartmcntal committee is, however, already giving attention to establishing a food

strategy for South Afri-

/9274

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ca," Mr Wentzel added.

Another inter-departmental task group, under

the aegis of the Depart- , ment of Constitutional

Development and Plan-,

ning, was giving continuous attention to regions in

which security considerations required State action.

In these agricultural

areas, the group formulated "supportive measures" to be provided by

the State.

"Assistance measures

are provided according to

the needs, in order to

achieve the desired aims,

in cost-effective manner,

Mr Wentzel said.

Considering the contributions which a financially sound agriculturl sector

made to the economic development and the social

welfare of South Africa,

urgent attention should

be given to measures to

rebuild the agricultural

sector.

The State President

had asked the Ministers

concerned with agriculture and the Economic

Advisory Council to prepare a strategy on agriculture, and a report was expected before the end of

the year.

Mr Wentzel said that at

the end of 1985 the accumulated debt of the agricultural sector was Rll,2

billion.

Structural problems

could largely be ascribed

to the unfavourable relationship between the

price of agricultural products as compared with the

cost of production materials. Here too an interdepartmental committee

was examining the fast increase in the cost of these

materials.

"A measure of selective protection for inter-

. nal industries, including

agriculture, is in my opinion justified in order to

stimulate economic development and to create a

measure of self-sufficiency in regard to strategic

agricultural inputs," Mr

Wentzel said.

In view of agriculture's

role in the national interest, this should enjoy high

priority.

52
SOOTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SHARING RIVER WITH NAMIBIA—A provisional agreement has been drafted for

negotiations between Southwest [Africa] and South Africa on the use of water

from the Orange River. As a result of the plan, 20,000 hectares of valuable

agricultural land will be made available in the southern part of Southwest,

the minister of agriculture and water affairs in the transitional government,

Mr Eben van Zijl, said here yesterday. Mr Van Zijl will probably conduct

talks next month with the minister of agricultural economics and water

affairs, Mr Greyling Wentzel, and other government officials. According to Mr

Wentzel, the two governments agreed last week to postpone negotiations on

where the Orange River border between the two countries is located exactly,

until Southwest has become independent. The transitional government does not

represent an independent country and cannot enter into a final agreement on

its border with South Africa, he said. - (Sapa) [Text] [Cape Town DIE BURGER

in Afrikaans 3 Jul 86 p 7] 13084

VENDA TROOPS IN NAMIBIA—A company of 232 Venda soldiers are being used in the

operational area in Southwest, that country's president, Chief Patrick

Mphephu, said yesterday. He said in Venda's national assembly that the

soldiers were sent to the operational area for training on 12 May this year

and will return in August. "The Executive Council approved the training and

employment of soldiers from Venda's armed forces in the operational area in

Southwest for periods not exceeding three months," he said. South Africa and

Venda have a common interest in maintaining peace in southern Africa. "It is

also true that Venda is against communism and that Venda will always assist

South Africa in fighting it." - (Sapa) [Text] [Cape Town DIE BURGER in

Afrikaans 3 Jul 86 p 2] Pretoria. - A member of Venda's armed forces was

killed in action against terrorists in the operational area of Southwest,

Defense Headquarters announced. He was Cpl N.G. Bhivshe. The minister of

defense, Gen Magnus Malan, said after that incident that South Africa does not

stand alone in the fight against terrorism in southern Africa. "Venda is

standing with us in the front line." He said Venda's armed forces are not

only ready to make the highest sacrifice for peace and stability, but are also

acquiring valuable operational experience. "That sort of training and

experience can only serve Venda well in the long run," Gen Malan said. [Text]

[Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 4 Jul 86 p 2] 13084

53
RENAMO ASSURANCES—Dr Evo Fernandes, secretary general of the Mozambican

resistance movement Renamo, has made the following offer to Escom [Electrical

Supply Commission] through DIE AFRIKANER:

- Renamo will guarantee the security of the power line from Cahora Bassa to

Pafuri provided that the amount which Escom pays for the power is deposited in

a trust fund;

- Renamo will furnish the labor to repair the power line, but material and

management expenses must be covered from the trust fund;

- After the war has been ended, the trust fund will be paid out to the

Portuguese and Mozambican governments;

A spokesman for Escom explained to DIE AFRIKANER that the rate for Cahora

Bassa power is l.i percent per kwh. The average costs of the power which must

now be generated in place of Cahora power are 4.1 cent [sic] per kwh. The

contract quantity agreed upon with Portugal and Mozambique is 1,400 megawatts.

That means a saving of 375 million rands per year for Escom if South Africa

and Renamo can reach an agreement. [Text] [Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in

Afrikaans 2 Jul 86 p 1] 13084

WARNING ON LISTS FOR GUN ORDERS—.Employees holding military and other sensitive posts have been warned by the official army newspaper UNIFORM about

curious lists being circulated around the country requesting personal information. The lists are "order forms" for PMX90 pistols requiring names, addresses

and ID numbers of employees. Enough names supposedly entitle deponents to a

discount on pistols. Mr David Clark, managing director of Clarbex, the company marketing the pistol, denied all knowledge of the scheme, "For all we

know, the lists may come from the KGB or ANC," he told UNIFORM. He said he

had already been questioned by security service officials. Mr.Clark said

the lists were being circulated at places like Atlas Aircraft Corporation,

Koeberg power station, and military and police shooting clubs. The lists are

drawn up by hand by employees who collect the names, but when asked exactly

who would ultimately receive the lists, they were unsure. It emerged that a

complex chain of people were involved in administering the lists. Police in

Pretoria said they were aware of the issue, but no complaint had been lodged

with them, [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Aug 86 p 11]

/9274

ILLEGAL WORKERS TARGETED-^Employers will have to provide details of illegal

workers to help government in their repatriation. Government claims that

the Influx of illegal job-seekers has increased in recent months and is

calling on employers not to employ them. Those entering SA without the necessary documents will be repatriated. Countries affected by this move are

Mozambique, Lesotho, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Swaziland, Director-general of the

Department of Manpower Piet van der Merwe says the move is being taken to

protect jobs for SA citizens, "South Africa has 1.3-million illegal foreign

workers who will be repatriated and replaced by the 700,000 jobless." He

says the move will not affect workers from the TBVC areas and those with a

service contract. "We must distinguish between the two types. There are those

with a contract and an employer. They number between 300,000 and 350,000.

"Then there are those who enter the country illegally and take up employment.

"These number 1.3-million and they work for very low wages because they fear

being exposed." He appealed to employers to give South Africans preference.

[Text] [By Sophie Tema] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 Aug 86 p 3]

/S274

54
DE KLERK ON GROUPS' SURVIVAL—The minister on national education, Mr F.W.

de Klerk, says cooperation in South Africa will only be possible once all

race groups are confident about their survival. He told the Transvaal

Youth Congress the only options open to the diverse population groups

in South Africa were cooperation or confrontation. [Begin de Klerk video]

Any policy to succeed must make ample and (?sufficient) provision for

the security of each one of these entities, of each entity which forms

a part of the great variety and diversity in our country. [Changes to

Afrikaans] Without that security, cooperation among the groups will not

become reality. There is suspicion and fear and only when the suspicion,

fear, and threats are replaced by a feeling that I could venture to work

with others because I have adequate power and have taken adequate measures

to protect myself against domination and oppression, only then will

everyone venture to cooperate, [end video] [Text] [Johannesburg Television

Service in English 1800 GMT 23 Aug 86 MB] /12624

MINISTER SAYS APARTHEID ALIVE—Apartheid is alive and well, but changing

with the times and that admission comes from a government minister.

Agriculture minister Greyling Wentzel has told about 80 people at a

Klip River by-election meeting that the policy of separate development

is not dead, but has been adapted. He said the homelands system alone

can't solve South Africa's problems and separate political structures

are needed for the different races. Mr Wentzel said the government has

certain border lines from which it won't step back and one of these is

self-determination. This is why, said the minister, the Group Areas Act

is so important. National Party candidate Jacko Maree said discrimination has

to be ended because the government has accepted that many Africans are

a permanent part of so-called white South Africa. If we continue with

discrimination, he adds, you will have a bloody confrontation. [Text]

[Umtata Capital Radio in English 0700 GMT 26 Aug 86 MB] /12624

POLICE CASH REWARD—Cape Town, 25 Aug, SAPA—Police have offered large cash

rewards for information leading to the arrest and convictions of people

involved in the planning and promotion of unrest. A reward of Rl,000 cash

has been offered to anyone supplying information that will lead to the arrest

and conviction of: Anyone making or using fire or acid bombs and; Anyone

promoting, supporting, ordering, intimidating people or taking part in any

form of violence during which a person is seriously injured or killed. Also,

police are offering a R500 reward for information that leads to the arrest

and subsequent conviction of anyone who has been involved or has taken part

in acts of violence where a person has been robbed or property been damaged

or looted during an unrest situation. Several pamphlets will also be

distributed calling on members of the public to inform police anonymously

of anyone preventing their children from attending school, keeping them

from work or from shopping where they want. Information received will

be kept strictly confidential and may be telephoned through to Cape Town

24-3780. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1822 GMT 25 Aug 86 MB] /12624

55
'ILLEGAL ALIENS' HIRING OPPOSED—Pretoria, 25 Aug, SAPA—The director-general

of manpower, Dr P.J. Van der Merwe, appealed to employers today not to

employ illegal aliens as this was not in the country's interest. Dr Van der

Merwe told the three-yearly conference of the SA Society of Municipal

Employees in Pretoria preference should always be given to South African

and TBVC [Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, Ciskei] workers. He said the

official unemployment figure was 702,451, while there were about 1.3 million

illegal foreign workers in the country. Workers should rid themselves of

activist union leaders, he said. Workers suffered the consequences of

activitists who involved themselves in intimidation, stayaways, unreasonable

demands and boycotts. Many of the 331 strikes during the first seven months

this year, which involved 177,661 workers and the loss of 506,870 man-days,

were illegal, Dr Van der Merwe said. There were 264 unions with a total

of about two million members in South Africa. Some 1,700 industrial court

cases were expected to be heard this year. Discussing sanctions and political

events, he said: "The South African cloud has more silver linings than most

people think, particularly when it comes to the spirit and the ingenuity

of our people." [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0823 GMT 25 Aue 86 MBl

/12624

MINISTER ON TRAINING CRISIS—At least 54 percent of South Africa's

economically active population have not graduated beyond Std 5 and employers

have the formidable task of building training on an inadequate educational

basis, warned the Minister of Manpower, Mr Pietie du Plessis. Speaking at the

10th anniversary of the Natal Training Centre last night, Mr du Plessis also

hinted at changes to the artisan training system. He said that a white paper

with "innovatory" alternations would be released within the next month. This

paper would contain the governemnt recommentations on the investigation and

reports by the National Training Board and the Human Sciences Research Council

into the training of artisans. Mr du Plessis said that according to the 1980

census 54 percent of working South Africans were found to have educational

qualifications below Standard 5. This not only increased the need for

in-service training, but also made it more complicated and costly. The

Government did provide financial assistance to employers giving literacy

programmes. Training centres would also have to amend their own training

programmes to fulfil this need. Another major challenge was the upgrading of

training in industrial relations. The growth of the trade union movement had

changed the pattern of collecitve bargaining and employers had to equip

themselves to handle collective bargaining and labour relations more

effectively. Office bearers of trade unions had a similiar need for

appropriate training. There was ample provision in the Manpower Training Act

for financial assistance or tax concessions. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR

in English 15 Aug 86 p 9] [Article by Kym Hamilton] /13104

56
CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION BROADENED—The Defense Act is being changed to

broaden the definition of conscientious objection on the grounds of

religious conviction. Our IRN's [Independent Radio News] parliamentary

correspondent reports. [Patrick Cull] The Defense Amendment Bill tabled in

parliament today is aimed at rectifying deficiencies in the definition

of conscientious objection to military service in the basis of religious

conviction. Presently to qualify the conscientious objector on these

grounds a person has to believe in God or a Supreme Being. In terms of the

amendment, objection on the grounds of religious belief will not be extended

to people whose beliefs are based not only on the teaching of a Supreme

Being but on beings of a divine nature such as in the case of Buddhists.

The bill which came into effect retrospectively as from December 1983 also

clarifies the period of (?community) service to be undertaken by conscientious

objectors as an alternative to military service. [Text] [Umtata Capital

Radio in English 1100 GMT 27 Aug 86 MB] /12624

WEAPONS SURRENDERED—More than 30,000 weapons, illegally owned by people,

have been handed to the police since December last year during an amnesty

period. The minister of law and order, Mr Louis le Grange, said in reply

to a question in the House of Assembly that 220,195 rounds of ammunition

and 30,817 firearms had been handed in to the police. No one had been

prosecuted during this period. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service

in English 0500 GMT 27 Aug 86 MB] /12624

BLACK DECISIONMAKING ADVOCATED—House of Assembly, 25 Aug, SAPA—The ideal

would be for blacks to make the decision in their own educational

institutions while the House of Assembly should only have to vote on the

allocation of their funds, the minister of National Education, Mr F.W.

De Klerk, said today. Replying to the second reading debate of the technikons

(national education) amendment bill he said the community character of

these institutions should be maintained. He said technikons should be

kept racially separate. They could not be reduced to "test-tubes and

screws" becasue there were many classroom and extra-mural activities that

needed to be considered. The problems black technikons encountered did

not have to do with the availability of facilities but entrance qualifications.

They produce few engineers because few black matriculants with the necessary

mathematics and science qualifications were interested in engineering. Mr

Horace van Rensburg (PFP [progressive Federal Party] Bryanston) asked why the

minister could allow people of different races to work together but not

allow them to study together in technikons. Mr De Klerk said multiracial

working environments produced frictions but the government, although aware

of them, had refrained from interfering. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA In

English 1718 GMT 25 Aug 86 MB] /12624

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57
SOUTH AFRICA

KWANDEBELE CELEBRATES REJECTION OF INDEPENDENCE PLANS

Johannesburg CITY PRESS In English 17 Aug 86 p 5

[Article by Derrick Luthayi]

[Text]

TJUiY killed cows in

KwaNdcbclc this week.

Three beasts were dead by

nightfall on Wednesday, slaughtered to celebrate the homeland

government's decision to scrap its

independence plans.

And 10 more were destined to die

later as the jubilation and joy spread

through the dusty homeland.

Bin Tor the people of KwaNdcbclc. ii was more than just sacrificial

cows that died this w cek -the sacred

cow of Pretoria's 30-year grand plan

to separate its people had been well

and truly slaughtered, too.

If it had ever been born, the "independent" state of KwaNdebele

would have been the bloodiest of

apartheid's children - more than

100 people had died in the campaign against independence.

At the centre of the battle was

ibe Imbhckoto vigilante movement controlled by Interior Minister Piet Ntuli - who died in a

carbonib blast two weeks ago

amid widespread accusations

that his organisation was responsible lor the deaths of many antiindependence campaigners.

Like Ntuli, Imbhokoto is now

dead - outlawed at the same

special sitting of the homeland

legislative assembly this week

that decided to scrap independence plans.

justice Minister A Mahlangu

has been told to formulate a law

making it a criminal offence for

anyone to mention the word Imbhokoto or call an organisation by

that name.

There was resounding applause when the decision was taken:

But the real applause came

later, after Ndzudza tribal authority chairman Prince James

Mahlangu stood up to tell the

assembly: "It's time to discuss

the independence issue."

Dressed impeccably in a white

suit, the prince timed his moment well. The assembly had just

voted 10% wage increases for its

members, and announced that an

extra K5 00 hectares of land had

been added to the homeland.

The prince said solemnly: "As

a representative of 80% of the

people, I have been told by my

subjects to go back with an answer on the issue of independence.

"Ifl go home now there wi 11 be

people waiting for me, for a satisfactory answer. What am I going

to tell them?

"This independence issue

must be debated in full today - I

must have an'answer."

The prince received massive

support in, the assembly. His

brother- Health Minister Cornelius Mahlangu - and numerous

other members of the homeland

government joined him in describing the December 11 independence date as "a devil which

brought death, disruption, misery and poverty".

For five hours, they condemned Pretoria's plan to make

KwaNdebele the country's fifth

"independent state" - until, finally, a dejected and somewhat

confused Chief Minister Simon

Skosana rose from his chair.'

"I am surprised." he said.

"Everybody seems to be turning against me on this independence issue, when they had instructed me to run to Pretoria

and Cape Town asking for it.

"Today, even small children in

the street point their fingers at

me and say I am a criminal.

"Hut if everybody docs not

want me," he said, "I cannot

force independence on them."

The decision was taken.

KwaNdebele would stay a selfgoverning homeland - there

would be no independence.

It didn't take long for word to

filter out to the people - and the

streets of Siyabuswa rang with

the sounds of celebration. Car

hooters blared, and people

danced in the street.

Soon afterwards, the first cows

were slaughtered...

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58
SOUTH AFRICA

PLIGHT OF KWAZULU'S RURAL POOR DESCRIBED

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 15-21 Aug 86 p 11

[ArLLcle by Phillip Van Niekerk]

[Text ] OFF the tarred road, where the lush

green of Natal's sugarcane and timber

plantations ends, KwaZulu's deeply

shocking dustbowl begins.

Concepts like reform, sanctions or

KwaNatal indabas have little meaning

in this dustbowl, which is host to more

than a million people relocated from

"white" farms and "black spots" in

Natal, apart from the hundreds of

thousands who lived there before the

removals started here in the Sixties.

Life here consists of a daily struggle

for fuel, food and — most of all —

water. The roadsides are filled with

children carrying buckets and plastic

containers on their heads or pushing

wheelbarrows full of containers to

and from the few water points.

A group of villagers clusters around

a small hole they have dug in a dry

river bed, a little girl crouches down

to extract one jugful at a time of water

from one metre underground — the

water supply for an entire village.

The buses that ply the dirt roads in

rural KwaZulu, approaching in the

distance like sand storms, scatter fresh

layers of dust so that everything is

caked with the same brown-grey

colour. Dust hangs on the

"magogogo" — the relocation huts so

named after the rattling of tin when

the wind blows through them.

The variety of surreal automobile

wrecks outside huts and along the

roads, some home to families of

scrawny chickens, heighten the sense

of travelling through a giant

scrapyard.

Like their discarded relatives in the

country's other nine homelands,

KwaZulu's rural poor have been

shunted to the margins of nothingness

where national and international

debates do not reach them. Their

inclusion in these debates — through

world revulsion at the government's

policy of forced removals — has

faded as the spotlight has shifted to the

resistance in the ghettoes and the

government's two States of

Emergency.

Despite claims by the government

that forced removals have been

stopped, thousands of evicted farmers

pour into the relocation areas every

month, forced off the "white" farms

where they have lived for decades.

And a large number of "black spots"

and "badly situated" reserve areas —

among the most famous of which are

Matiwane's Kop outside Ladysmith

and Reserve Four north of Richard's

Bay — are still threatened with

removal in terms of the KwaZulu

consolidation proposals.

If the interim consolidation

proposals of the Tempel Commission

(which also reprieved a few black

spots when it was published last

September) are implemented, some

240 000 people would have to be

moved, according to Association for

Rural Advancement (Afra) estimates.

In the KwaZulu dustbowl, President

PW Botha's statement in Parliament at

the beginning of the year that

apartheid was obsolete has the sound

of a sick joke. Even if there were

never another forced removal, no

relief has been offered to the millions

of people whom the South African

government moved during the heyday

59
of grand apartheid between 1960 and

1983, 1,3-million of them into

KwaZulu.

The residents ofa white suburb

north of Richard's Bay, for instance,

are blissfully unaware that their

streets, with names such as Crayfish

Crescent, were neatly laid out on what

till 1976 were the fertile fields ofa

"black spot", Reserve Six.

Today, the people of Reserve Six—

moved to make way for the expansion

of Richard's Bay— are living in

desperate poverty in one of the worst

relocation centres, Ntambanana

(population: 20 to 30 000).

One of the residents,a Mrs

Mthiyane, described how they were

removed and dumped on the rocky,

thorntree veld of Ntambanana: "The

white men came there and told us we . were moving to Ntambanana.

"Then our chief left and came here,

so they pushed our houses into the

ground with bulldozers, and gave us

Caravans to live in.

"There was nothing here when we

came here. There were no houses. At

the place we left behind we farmed

cattle, pumpkins, fruit, and bananas.

There was water and everything."

It is some measure of the poverty of

Ntambanana that the only shop

servicing anything up to 15 000

children stocks no sweets.

In marked contrast are the luxuriant

timber plantations and farm fields of

Reserve Four, where up to 20 000

people face removal in terms of the

consolidation proposals.

Unlike the overcrowded, dustbowl

poverty of Ntambanana, where they

are to be moved, the homesteads at

Reserve Four—a section of KwaZulu

which was never conquered territory — are widely spaced and well built

with wattle, daub and wood.

Anthony Mncadi, who hasa timber

business in the area and who has

acquired five tractors over the years

for carting the timber to the nearby

paper mills, is the living contradiction

of the attitude of many whites that

blacks are poor farmers.

"We reject any other alternative

land," he says. "We want to remain in

our ancestral lands. Experience has

shown that all the communities who

were removed from their places were

given worse land where they could not

makea living."

While the people of Reserve Four

defend their rare piece of

unconquered land, the largest single

exodus of people to the dustbowl is

from the white-owned farms in

central and northern Natal.

One potential citizen of the dustbowl

is Ngala Zunqu, permanently stooped

from more than 50 years of work on

farms in the Weenen area. In

February this year he was givena note

by the white owner of the farm telling

him to "clear of (sic).

Until he got the note, Zunqu worked

ona nearby agricultural scheme,

tending and watering vegetables,

earning what in the agricultural sector

isa "reasonable" wage— Rl 10 per

month.

In exchange for his own patch of

land and grazing for his cattle,

Zunqu's wife, daughters and sons

worked for the farmer for nominal

pay. Zunqu lived on what is quaintly

termeda "labour farm"— its main

crop is its people.

Though Natal's quasi-feudal labour

tenancy system— better known as the

"six month system"— has been

outlawed and largely replaced by

capitalist agriculture, which has meant

kicking the surplus people off. the

land, it remains strongly entrenched

in some areas.

Zunqu has to "clear off the land

summarily because two of his sons

have gone to the towns and cities in

search ofa better living and he is

unable to offer their labour in

exchange for the use of the land.

Older than 60, he and his family of

18, including seven grandchildren,

must join the migration to the

dustbowl by August 23 or facea

charge of illegally squatting on the

farm on which he was born and has

lived all his life.

He will be forced to become like

Roger Madontseld,a large elderly

man with Victorian whiskers, an old

black polo neck jersey and torn jeans,

who lives ina bleak relocation village

in the Nqutu district.

Madontsela was forced off the white

farm he had lived on all his life when

his son decided to geta job in town

rather than bind himself to the

servitude of the labour tenancy

system.

Madontsela's story is long and

complex, involving many hardships,

before he and his wife were ordered

by the magistrate at Vryheid to

remove themselves to the isolated

nothingness of their village.

60
From his yard, which is on the

border of the village, one stares up the

crest of the hill at a line of people,

carrying plastic canisters, off to fetch

water. It is a full hour's walk away,

but apart from sitting down and

watching others, there isn't much to

do in the village anyway.

Yet Madontsela beams with pride at

the one product of his stay in the

village — a pip he planted when he

first moved there is now a peach tree,

showing its first blossoms in the glare

of the harsh KwaZulu afternoon.

/13104

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61
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BLACK POPULATION BURGEONS—The black population will exceed 20-million for the

first time within the next 18 months. Central Statistical Services (CSS)

figures released yesterday In Pretoria show that between May 1985 and May

1986 the number of blacks increased by 540,000 to 19,277,000. The figures

exclude the black populations in the TBVC countries. Economists point out

that SA's unemployment problem expands with the expanding population. They

say there is not nearly enough work for the existing labour force and that

when the more than 250,000 new work-seekers a year are taken into account,

the extent of the problem comes into focus. The CSS figures show the number

of economically active blacks In May was 6.5-million. The official unemployment figure was 530,000. This is 3.9% higher than the 510,000 unemployed In

May last year. Unemployment among males increased by 9.4%. The figures conflict with estimates made by leading labour academics who say the total of

unemployed and under-employed blacks could exceed 2-million, The number of

black work-seekers in May was 2,000 higher than the 50,960 of May last year.

[Text] [By Gerald Reilly] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 Aug 86

p2] /9274

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62
SOUTH AFRICA

MALNUTRITION INCREASING AMONG POOR COLOREDS

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST In English 9 Aug 86 p 1

[Article by Raymond Hill]

[Text]

MALNUTRITION was increasing rapidly among poor

coloured children, according to a young Australian

doctor who has been working in Port Elizabeth.

Dr Frank Brennan, 27, who worked at the Livingstone

Hospital to gain a wider experience, said that what he

saw in the hospital's nutrition clinic had touched and

moved him very deeply.

Dr Brennan served his housemanship at Sydney's

Concorde Hospital before coming to Port Elizabeth.

This week he left South Africa for South West

Africa/Namibia on his way back to Australia.

He said the number of malnutrition cases in Helenvale,

Missionvale and Kleinskool was increasing rapidly.

He saw many children between the ages of three

months and five years old who were almost starving

while he was attached to the "very busy" out-patient

clinic at the hospital between 1984 and July this year.

Some of the children were so badly fed that they had to

be admitted to the paedriatic wards of the hospital for up

to three weeks at a time.

Malnutrition, he said, contributed towards the high

incidence of tuberculosis and gastro-enterities.

He blamed unemployment and poverty for the problem but felt mothers could play a bigger role in combatting the disease.

With the help of a nursing sister at the hospital, Mrs

Maxine Barbier, and a clerical worker, Mrs Daphne

Anthony, of Hillside, he started the Help Other People

Eat project — Hope.

The project run by the mothers of patients from homes

in Missionvale, was now feeding up to 600 children a day.

Several volunteers visited the mothers regularly, Dr

Brennan said, advising them on nutrition and budgeting,

and the results had been encouraging.

The women were taught to cultivate vegetable gardens

in their backyards and the crops were used for soup.

Dr Brennan said: "I have noticed a sharp rise in the

number of malnutrition cases in Port Elizabeth's poorer

coloured townships since February last year.

"Every case is heart-breaking. The blame for the

problem, during the past three years, could be put at the

door of unemployment and the economic climate.

"It is a vast problem and I think that it is going to be

here for a long time.

"My advice to the members of Hope and the children's

mothers is to continue with the good work.

"It has been worthwhile working with the little ones

and their mothers. I am sorry to leave and do not know

when I will be back," he said.

/13046

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63
SOUTH AFRICA

UNIONS CONTINUING FIGHT FOR FULL PAY FOR EMERGENCY DETAINEES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Aug 86 p 8

[Article by Sheryl Raine]

[Text] Trade unions are continuing

to fight for full pay for detainees being held under the

state of emergency.

The latest report from the Labour Monitoring Group (LMG)

on the effects of the state of

emergency on industrial relations says negotiations in the

western and eastern Cape over

employers' treatment of detainees are continuing.

The Cape Town Municipal

Workers' Association, which still

has two members in detention,

reports that after negotiations

the Cape Town City Council

agreed to pay workers' wages in

full to their families.

In the Port Elizabeth/Uitenhage area the National Automobile and Allied Workers' Union

(Naawu) has held talks with

Volkswagen and General Motors

(GM). No agreement has been

reached yet.

Supported

Nawu said General Motors

had offered to establish a relief

fund which would pay the five

detained GM workers 50 percent

of their normal wages.

The union is not prepared to

accept this and is pushing for

full pay. Families of detained

GM workers are being supported by donations from union colleagues.

Volkswagen has offered to

pay 75 percent of detainees'

wages and to guarantee their

jobs for 180 days. The company

is proposing to review the situation every three months.

The LMG said that earlier

this week there were 344 elected

leaders and officials of trade

unions in detention. However,

this figure reflected the situation before any releases of detainees arising from a Natal Supreme Court judgment. The

judgment overturned two key

emergency sub-regulations governing detainees.

The total number of unionists

known to have been detained

since the start of the state of

emergency is now 2 735.

/13104

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64
SOUTH AFRICA

DOCTORS WARNED ABOUT DETAINEES* ILL-TREATMENT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Aug 86 p 7

[Text ] The first duty of a district surgeon is towards his patient, says

the South African Medical

Journal.

Stressing that care of detainees during the state of emergency "bears careful scrutiny" the

journal points out detainees are

particularly vulnerable to illtreatment.

In an editorial, Dr RD le

Roex, chairman of the Federal

Council of the Medical Association (MASA) says he has had letters from doctors overseas expressing concern for the wellbeing of detainees.

"The care of those detained

by the State in terms of security

legislation or in the present

state of emergency bears careful scrutiny," he writes.

"The district surgeon must remember his first duty is to his

/13104

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patient. He may be called on to

take a stand against people with

whom he has had long and personal contact, and who are at

times in a position to exert subtle pressure on him.

"A great responsibilty rests

on these colleagues, who carry

out a difficult task, often in unpleasant circumstances."

Dr le Roex hopes that a panel

of doctors at the disposal of detainees wishing a second opinion, will be set up soon.

This innovation does not

imply lack of confidence in the

system of district surgeons, he

said, but it is viewed as a supporting mechanism.

All levels of health care are

being adversely affected by the

turmoil in South Africa.

"We are appalled at the disastrous effects of social upheaval

on the well-being of those least

able to fend for themselves."

65
SOUTH AFRICA.

CSIR HEAD WARNS OF SANCTIONS' EFFECTS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Aug 86 p 21

[Excerpts]

[Text] THE president of the

Council for Scientific and

Industrial Research, Professor Chris Garbers, said

yesterday that not even

multi-billion rand investments would repair the

damage if sanctions

forced the country's economy to a standstill. |

At the same time he

warned of the dangers inherent to the country —

and the development of

Southern Africa as a

whole — if technological

knowledge of sanctions

were stepped-up on the

country.

Addressing, in Pretoria, the Joint Council of

Scientific Societies, he

said he wanted to appeal

specifically to the authorities as the threat of sanctions loomed over a wide

field.

"You have at your disposal a small but dedicated scientific and technological community

which is playing a role of

critical importance in

:ducation, research and i

development, industrial

development and expansion and international

liaison.

"It is in times like these

that efforts should be

made to strengthen this

force rather than decrease

it."

Blanket sanctions and

restrictions on South

Africa would have a serious impact on the flow

of technology to the Republic.

"Let there be no doubt

that measures by the technological, sources to isolate South African scientists, to.refrain from selling US technology

through sophisticated

equipment, to discourage

the flow of technological

knowledge to South Africa and to exert social

pressure on scientists not

to visit or emigrate to this

country, will hurt.

But it is my considered

opinion that they will be

met with ingenuity," said

Dr Garbers.

/13104

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66
URBAN FOUNDATION SPENDING TO SOAR

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 6 Aug 86 p 3

[Article by Linda Ensor]

[Text]

THE Urban Foundation's budget is expected to soar this year by more than

140% to R108m.

About R44m was spent in the year to

March, the annual review shows.

The expected rise in expenditure —

assuming donations of R16m - results

from the expansion of the foundation s

role as agent for social reform in education, housing and work opportunities.

The -newly-formed residential and

construction division is expected to

spend R81m on 28 projects in five metropolitan areas — more than double the

R38m spent in 1985-86.

The division will focus on affordable,

low-cost housing, site provision and settlement upgrading and co-ordinate the

work of the foundation's utility companies.

If loan finance is forthcoming, turnover in its housing utility companies

should grow from R33m to more than

Of the R44m spent in 1985-86, a total of

R37,7m — R32,7m borrowed and R5m

from foundation funds - was invested in

servicing 12 600 stands and building

10 900 houses. - This activity was financed by donations, which rose by 17% to Rll,7m, and

loans. . ....

A sum of R100,7m was raised in loans

from the public and private sectors. < Building societies lent 42,9% of this

sum, banks 22,4% and off-shore sources

24%- President Harry Oppenheimer said in

the review the foundation's activities

and achievements remained a beacon of

hope in a society undergoing an anguished process of transition.

/9274

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67
SOUTH AFRICA

UNION TO PUSH FOR GREATER SECURITY FOR FARMERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN In English 22 Aug 86 p 21

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

THE executive of the

South African Agricultural Union has decided to give even higher

priotity to consideration, discussion, negotiation with the authorities and measures to

protect the country's

border farmers as terrorism escalates.

More specifically, following on the increase in

terrorism and the landmine blasts in the Eastern

Transvaal, the union is to

ask for the same resettlement benefits applying to

farmers on the northern

and north-western Transvaal borders to be extended to the Eastern Transvaal.

A spokesman for the

union said yesterday that

the general council of the

union, at its most recent

meeting, had given priority consideration and discussion to the safety situation on the country's

farms.

The Eastern Cape

Agricultural Union informed the meeting of a

proposal that tax concessions on safety equipment

might play an important

role in encouraging farmers to protect their farms.

It stressed in discussions; he said, that

farmers were not looking

for handouts or subsidies.

At the same time, the

Transvaal Agricultural

Union asked that the

northern and north-western Transvaal resettlement benefits be put into

operation in the Eastern

Transvaal.

The union as a whole

felt that the whole matter

of the stabilisation and

protection of farms

should be re-assessed to

include all areas and all

borders.

The importance of the

protection of all farms, including those in the interior, was stressed since

terrorists could easily

shift their target areas.

"Farmers everywhere

should be safe on their

farms", said the spokes-

'• man.

Nor should the influ-

: ence of terrorism on land

values be underrated and

the council would give

special attention to this.

The president of the

union, Mr Kobus Jooste,

had suggested that the

union work out' a policy

on safeguarding farms

and that talks be held

with the Defence Force

and the Government.

/9274

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68
SOUTH AFRICA

CHOKKA FISHING COULD TURN INTO MASSIVE INDUSTRY

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 9 Aug 86 pp 1, 2

[Article by Jack Dewes]

[Text] There is so much chokka in Algoa Bay that it could support a multimillion rand industry comparable to the giant pilchard industry on the West

Coast which earned fabulous sums for the processing firms.

Some commercial fishermen in Algoa Bay go so far as to say that chokka—far

from being threatened by overfishing—could, by sheer force of increasing

numbers, threaten the existence in the bay of several other species of fish.

"They're like vermin out there, hogging the environment," says one skipper.

"We no longer get the big fish like the yellowtail. Huge shoals of chokka

(squid) are attacking the smaller species of fish, otherwise how could they

remain alive?"

The reason for this, it is said among scientific researchers, is that the

pressure of commercial fishing in the past five years has reduced the populations of the larger species of fish—among them those which feed on chokka—to

such an extent that competition for space has tipped sharply in favour of

chokka.

Added to this is the fact that intensified exploitation of chokka began only

a year ago. Today it is a feverish industry. The small-boat section of the

harbour in Port Elizabeth teems night and day with arrivals from and departures

to the fishing grounds.

Almost every night now, for weeks on end, the lights of the fishing fleet have

twinkled on the horizon. Fishing goes on round the clock, but now and then a

party of haggard and bearded fishermen gather in the pubs.

All the competent fishermen—that is to say most of them—are earning good

money and together they are spending large sums in Port Elizabeth, Humansdorp,

Jeffreys Bay and elsewhere.

The questions arise: Why this sudden emergence of the chokka industry? Why

was the resource not exploited five or 10 years ago? Did the chokka suddenly

arrive from somewhere else?

69
Scientists say they know little about the species. The Sea Fisheries

Research Institute of the Department of Environment Affairs has appointed a

scientist, Mr Johan Augustyn, to do research exclusively on chokka.

"We are^beginning to think there is no chokka season as such," he said this

week. "They don't appear at a certain time and go at a certain time.

"It seems that if they move at all it is from the deeper parts of the bay to

the sandy shallows near Jeffreys Bay and Port Elizabeth to spawn."

He said the volume of chokka was so vast that the amount being caught was a

tiny fraction of the whole.

Spokesmen for the large fishing companies are reluctant to give figures of the

number of ships and men working in the area for fear of "tipping off" rivals,

but it is obvious the industry is thriving.

The boom began a year ago when companies more or less stumbled on this new

source of income.

Previously boats went out only when pockets of chokka were found, usually near

the mouth of the Kromme River, but the skippers, reluctant to waste fuel,

insisted on firm reports before moving.

There would be two or three days of hectic fishing until the chokka went off

the bite.

A year ago commercial companies began to take the job more seriously and

decided that chokka should be hunted down, and today the larger boats can be

seen from Port Elizabeth, Cape Recife, Seaview and Maitland River Mouth,

prowling in all directions. Soon enough the shoals are found and the trawlers

and ski-boats home in.

Not a week goes by without more boats arriving, some from as far afield as

Walvis Bay.

How all this bustle and money-making ought to benefit the Eastern Cape has

already been the subject of considerable controversy. It seems that the

answer lies with the Government, which effectively controls the industry.

/13046

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70
APPLICATIONS FOR UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS INCREASE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Aug 86 p 11

[Article by Brian Stuart]

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text ] CAPH TOWN. — The

number of applications

for unemployment

benefits increased by

more than 50 percent

last year compared

with 1985, dramatically

reducing the Unemployment Insurance

Fund's reserves.

This emerges from the

1985 annual report of the

UIF, tabled in Parliament

yesterday by the Minister

of Manpower, Mr Pietie

du Plessis.

In 1984, the number of

applications by registered

contributors who had become unemployed was

204 982, of which 186 125

were approved, resulting

in payments totalling

R104,8 million.

Last year the figures

jumped to 332 157 applications of which 304 905

were granted, resulting in

payments totalling

R219.4 million — more

than double the payments

in 1984.

There was a slight decrease last year in the

number of payments to

the invalid widows or widowers of contributors.

However, the financial

position of the U1F "deteriorated somewhat" as a

result of increased unemployment, the report

states.

The amount remaining

in the UIF at the end of

1983 was R254,2 million.

This declined slightly to

R251 million at the end of

1984 and dropped to

R157 million at the end of

1985.

The total reserve at the

end of 1985 was less than

half the payments for

1985 of R364.6 million,

which includes unemployment benefits, illness benefits, maternity benefits

and payments to the dependants of deceased

contributors.

/13104

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71
SOUTH AFRICA

INANDA UNREST VICTIMS FACE EVICTION IF RENTS NOT PAID

Durban POST NATAL in English 13-16 Aug 86 p 2

[Article by RashIda Dhooma]

[TexL] WHAT do we do now? That's the question facing hundreds of former Inanda unrest victims

who are unable to pay their rents for their

one-year-old homes at Caneside, Phoenix.

The former self-employed Inanda families face

another traumatic upheaval and many may again

lose their homes.

Although they have better homes, the quality of their lives has deteriorated.

In Inanda, most families relied on their vegetable gardens for their daily needs and sold the

surplus.

An executive member of the Phoenix Child and

Family Welfare Society, Rajen Chetty, said when

the people were moved

many did not have the

basics to start again.

The average K400 relief vouchers they received helped them for

about a month.

However, welfare officials are now alarmed

at the evictions of the

former refugees. Last

month one refugee family was on the eviction

list. This month another

name appeared.

In other cases, names

do not appear on the list

as some families make

last-minute arrangements the council to

pay off their arrears.

In its bid to help residents, the society has

made available to some

of them R4-a-day jobs.

Mr Chetty said the

response to their adverts for these jobs was

overwhelming. "We

were only able to employ 60 people in these

jobs and there is a waiting list of more than

100."

The project, sponsored by the House of

Delegates, lasts for

three months. Mr

Chetty said he hoped

this sponsorship would

be renewed as many

people now depended on

these jobs.

D Bejahie Harilall, 60,

supports his wife and

child. He said he did not

apply for a house after

the Inanda unrest as he

knew he would not be

able to afford the rent.

D Rajen Ishwarlall, 19,

of 19 Flatside Close,

Unit 20, Phoenix, lost

his job last year.

In Inanda, the family

had their own house,

and poultry business.

All their possessions

were destroyed during

the unrest.

Today, the Ishwarlalls live in a house they

cannot afford. Rajesh

lives with his parents,

and a sister. "We are

R400 in arrears with

our rent and our electricity was recently cut.

I do not know what we

are going to do as there

is no way we can meet

this amount. I feel as

though we have been

abandoned."

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72
SOUTH AFRICA.

TENSION SEEN TO BE RISING BETWEEN BLACK, WHITE MINERS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 13 Aug 86 p 9

[Article by Sheryl Raine]

[Text] Growing tension between

black and white mine employees has led to a dramatic

increase in the politicisation

of their separate unions and

could lead to confrontation, a

mining executive has

warned.

Speaking in his personal capacity, Mr Johan Swanepoel,

manager of the Central'Training

Division of Anglo American,

yes-terday addressed a conference in Johannesburg of the

Southern African Society for

Training and Development.

He said the mining industry

was fraught with white and

black labour tensions, which required attention if flashpoints

and a collision of interests were

to be avoided.

The bond between mine management and both black and

white workers had weakened in

recent years.

Black and white workers

were becoming increasingly polarised and were strengthening

ties with their unions. Unionisation had risen sharply in the

past five years, and was likely

to continue among the sector's

more than 700 000 employees.

He said both black and white

trade unions were rapidly becoming politicised. Both were

fortifying their respective alliances with the ANC and the

Herstigte Nasionale Party/Conservative Party for protection

and advancement.

Mr Swanepoel warned that

unless this trend was interrupted and > ""nony restored, a collision was likely.

He believed the reason why

the relationship between management arid black mineworkers was deteriorating

centred on:

• A growing lack of trust on

the part of black employees.

• Blacks perceiving that they

had no stake in the industry or

free enterprise.

• Poor long-term career prospects for migrant blacks.

•Inadequate development of

black employees and statutory

reservation of 2,8 percent of key

mining jobs for whites.

• Authoritarianism within the

industry, and corporate cultures

which were unattractive and offensive to many blacks.

White workers also reflected

a growing lack of trust in the

face of black advancement and

white job fragmentation.

In reaction, blacks had turned

to unions for short-term benefits

(such as wages), power and a

chance to win back their dignity.

Many mine managements

were in a difficult position to

cope with the deteriorating situation!

WHITE BACKLASH

The potential for a white

backlash was often exaggerated

in management's mind, and the

combined effect of all these fac73
/13104

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tors was to paralyse managements' problem-solving efforts.

In this context, the trainer

was frequently left directionless. Many trainers in the mining sector were competent technical men but were ill-equipped

to handle the human conflicts

being experienced.

Mr Swanepoel believed the

solution lay in convincing black

employees that they had a real

stake in the organisation, and in

striving to give them back their

dignity.

White workers' fears had to

be dispelled. "They must be

made to feel that they are not

fighting a rearguard action to

protect themselves," he said.

74
SOUTH AFRICA

NEWLY APPOINTED AUTHORITY WILL CONTROL HEALTH SERVICES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Aug 86 p 5

[Article by Joe Openshaw]

[ Text ] Health policy and priorities will in future fall under a single authority —

the newly appointed National Health

Policy Council (NHPC).

This was the plan announced in

Sandton last night by Dr W A van Niekerk, Minister of National Health and

Population.

Curative services

A gathering of about 160 top healthcare professionals, administrators and

representatives of national states —

which was also addressed by the Ministers of Health of the three Houses of

Parliament — were told that in future

curative and preventive health services will be combined. The Department of National Health and Population Development and the provincial

health services — respectively responsible for preventive and curative services — will be restructured to make

health services more "cost effective".

"The new dispensation makes it possible to provide a dynamic and comprehensive health service," said Dr van

Niekerk.

Although whites, coloureds and Indians will be represented on the national council, and self-governing national

states will be liaised with on health

matters, the blacks of South Africa are

excluded.

Aparthied in provincial and State

hospitals will not be dismantled. Dr

van Niekerk said hospitals occupied by

over 95 percent of people of one race

would remain own affairs — ethnic

hospitals.

Hospitals occupied by less than

80 percent of one race would be classified as general affairs, and all teaching

hospitals would fall into this catergory.

Dr G de Villiers Morrison, Minister

of Health in the Assembly, announced

that 44 hospital under jurisdiction of

his department would are classified

white own affairs.

Dr van Niekerk said the national

health plan would be carried out as follows:

•Policy, co-ordination

and planning will become

the responsibility of the

NHPC under the chairmanship of the Minister

of National Health and

Population Development.

Other members will be

the Ministers of Health in

the Houses of Assembly,

Representatives and Delegates.

•The council will advise

central Government on

the provision and allocation of finance for health

services.

•The Dapartment of National Health and Population Development will

provide services for

black communities, delegating execution to provincial adminstrations.

EXECUTION POLICY

•Community, regional

and teaching hospitals

will also be dealt with by

the Department of National Health and Population Development with

75
/13104

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execution of policy delegated to provincial adminstrations.

•Provincial adminstration will also act as

agents for other authorities within the national

plan.

•Central management

will be provided by a Coordinating Board of Provincial Adminstrators

under the chairmanship

of the Minister of National Health and Population

develoment.

• Liaison will exist between the national health

policy council and the

self-governing national

states.

•The private sector will

have to play a greater

role as teaching hospitals, providing beds for

indigent State patients

and the building of new

hospitals.

76
SOUTH AFRICA

INFORMATION BURRAU GIVES FIGURES OF THOSE BURNED BY NECKLACING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Aug 86 p 5

[Article by Tony Stirling]

IText]

A TOTAL of 335

people have died from

the horror necklacing

method of execution in

South Africa since the

phenomenon first appeared last year.

'I hese gruesome figures

were revealed yesterday

by Mr Dave Venter, Deputy Director of the Bureau for Information's

Research Division.

The figures excluded

269 people who were

burnt to death by other

methods since burnings

became a feature of the

unrest in 1984.

During 1985, 67 people

were necklaced and 112

burnt to death in unrest

incidents, after two

deaths by burning marked

the beginning of the death

by fire campaign in the

country's wave of unrest

that started in late 1984.

Up until June 11 this

year, the day the state of

emergency was declared,

there had been 228

people murdered by

necklacing and a further

111 burnt to death in

other manners.

In the period after the

emergency was declared,

40 people have perished

by necklacing and a further 44 have died of death

by fire in unrest related

incidents.

Thus in total 604

people have died in firerelated deaths, either by

necklacing or other methods, including the setting

alight of homes, since the

violence erupted.

Looking at the regional

patterns, ' the Eastern

Cape has been by far the

worst area for necklacings

and burnings. In the

period under review the

Eastern Cape has recorded 213 deaths by burning

or necklacing, 106 by the

necklace method and 107

by other methods.

The Soweto Police Division went from recording

no necklacings in 1985 to

22 necklacings in the six

months leading up to the

emergency and one after

the declaration of the

state of emergency. Seven

people were burnt to

death in the township in

1985 by other methods.

Another bad area for

necklacings has been Lebowa with a total of 78

deaths recorded by this

method this year and 38

by other methods. No

deaths attributable to

either necklacing or other

methods have been noted

in the emergency period.

In the Northern Transvaal, which includes

KwaNdebele, 28 necklacings have been recorded

and 25 deaths by fire.

The Western Cape has

recorded 41 necklacings

and seven deaths by burning.

Other areas to feature

are Border with 20 necklacings and 10 burnings to

death, and the Durban

area with nine necklacings and 10 burnings.

The East Rand with a

total of 9 deaths by all

methods, West Rand six

deaths, South Western

Districts 11 deaths, West

Witwatersrand, 10

deaths, Eastern Transvaal, 13 deaths, Northern

Free State, two deaths,

and Western Transvaal,

with one death, have by

comparison been less

hard hit by burnings.

Commenting on the

statistics, Mr Venter said

the decline in the numbers of both necklacings

and the burnings since the

declaration of the emergency indicated the efficiency of the measures

taken, while in general

the number of deaths

caused illustrated the

need for imposing the

emergency.

He said the profound

psychological and intimidatory effects of the necklacings and the burnings

was incalculable on the

Black population, not

least of all because it appeared that the tribal beliefs of many Blacks held

that burning was a dishonourable way to die,

and one which affected

ancestral spirits, in which

many Blacks held strong

beliefs.

/9274

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

UNION RIVALRY SLATED—Rivalry between trade unions in Natal's transport industry is jeopardising industrial relations, says the chairman of the Transport

Employers' Association of Natal (Tean) Rob Olufsen. Olufsen, who is Hultrans

personnel manager, says: "The result is a major problem for management, who

are unable to form enduring relationships with unions. No sooner is a

recognition agreement signed with one union, than another makes Inroads and

a new agreement has to be negotiated." [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in

English 12 Aug 86 p 3] /9274

ERGO, NUM IN DISPUTE—The East Rand Gold and Uranium Company (Ergo) this week

declared a dispute with the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) over alleged

unfair labour practices by the union and shop stewards during wage negotiations

earlier this year. Anglo American said yesterday the negotiations, which took

place between May 26-June 23, were disrupted by work stoppages and sit-ins.

An NUM spokesman said papers had not yet been filed with it. He said disputes

during that period were "largely spontaneous" and in response to Ergo management's reluctance to make an improved wage offer. The union had intervened

successfully to stop them. Wage talks at the Conciliation Board, which took

place last week and on Tuesday, have ended in deadlock. In terms of the Labour

Relations Act, the board's chairman will advise the Minister of Manpower accordingly. Ergo's final wage offer ranges from 16% to 19% in the categories

covered by the recognition agreement. The NUM's final demand is a 30% wage

increase across the board. [Text] [By Dianna Games] [Johannesburg BUSINESS

DAY in English 14 Aug 86 p 3] /9274

MUSLIM YOUTH COLLECT MEAT FOR NEEDY—The Muslim Youth Movement (MYM) of

Lenasia will collect meat this weekend for distribution to needy people,

including many families suffering as a result of unrest. The MYM collects

meat every year for its Operation Qurbani on the Day of Eid-ul-Adha. It

appealed to the Muslim community to contribute to the operation. The target

areas for the distribution of meat this year will be the poorer communities in

Transvaal, such as orphanages and old age homes, a spokesman for Operation

Qurbani, Mr Hussein Ismail, said. Operation Qurbani will also assist the many

families suffering due to unrest and the recession and those who have been

evicted. The Cape Town operation will help the refugees of Crossroads. The

Day of Eid-ul-Adha commemorates the day when Abraham was asked to sacrifice

his son Ismail (Isaac). This year, the collection point for the meat will be

at the LMA Centre, in Duck Avenue, Lenasia. Meat should be wrapped in

greaseproof paper, in one kilogram parcels. The meat will be collected from 2

pm to 5 pm and the MYM made a special appeal to the people to deliver their

parcels before 5 pm, Mr. Ismail said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in

English 15 Aug 86 p 9] /13104

78
CHEMICAL UNION GETS HOLIDAYS—The struggle by emergent unions for the

recognition of May Day and June 16 as paid holidays has been taken a step

further by the Chemical Workers' Industrial Union (CWIU). In a statement

yesterday, the union said in terms of a settlement with a Pretoria firm,

Pretoria Wholesale Drugists, about 200 CWIU members employed by the company

would be entitled to 12 paid public holidays, including June 16 and May 1. A

CWIU spokesman said the agreement signified the progress made by the union in

its campaign for the recognition of the two days as holidays. Together with

other affiliates of the Congress of SA Trade Unions (Cosatu), the CWIU has

recently intensified the campaign, tabling the issue at all wage negotiations

with employers. In addition to the two holidays being granted, the minimum

wage for CWIU members would be raised by 30 percent—from R109 a

week—backdated to July 1. The workers had also won a reduction in the

working week from 45 to 40 hours, said the union spokesman, and improvements

were made to overtime rates, leave and service allowances, maternity benefits

and annual bonus. In the first issue of its recently launched mouthpiece,

Cosatu, Cosatu warns that workers are going to demand a minimum hourly wage of

R3,50 and a 40-hour working week. [Text] [Johannesubrg THE STAR in English

14 Aug 86 p 7] [Article Mike Siluma] /13104

MORE WHITE MALES JOBLESS—Unemployment among white men in Port Elizabeth

increased by 10% last month. And with claims for unemployment funds from

those retrenched by General Motors coming into effect this month, the number

of people registered as jobless is expected to increase sharply. According

to the Department of Manpower, 2 049 white men registered as jobless in July

compared with 1 857 in June. Of these, 546 are professional and clerical

men, 111 are from the motor industry, 231 from general engineering and 684

are operators and semiskilled workers. The number of unemployed white men

dropped in June to 1 857, compared with 1 960 in May. There was a decrease

of 9,3% in the number of African men registered as jobless. Estimates of the

number of Africans unemployed in the area vary between 55% and 65%. The

number dropped from 8 519 in June to 7 725 last month. According to labour

experts, many Africans no longer bother to register as unemployed. Statistics

from the department indicate a reduction in the number of women registering as

jobless in all race groups—marginal in the case of white and coloured workers,

and a steep drop for Africans. The number of registered African women dropped

from 2 701 to 2 182. [Text] [Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English

11 Aug 86 p 4] /13046

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SOUTH AFRICA

INTERNATIONAL BANKS RESTRICTING SERVICES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 Aug 86 pp 1, 2

[Article by Gerald Prosalendis]

[Text}

SOUTH Africa's prospects of raising

further foreign credit have significantly deteriorated as relations with

international banks worsen.

Senior banking sources say foreign

bankers' attitudes to this country have

hardened over the past three months.

Says one: "It is true that the position

has become more difficult since May."

"This includes banks that previously

were favourably disposed to the government," says another.

"The last few months have seen a significant deterioration in the services international banks are prepared to provide in trade-related facilities and

dealing lines," he adds.

In particular, the relationship between

government and German banks, traditionally well-disposed towards SA, have

suffered.

"Overseas perceptions, which improved dramatically in January, February and March this year, have deteriorated again. One has only to look at the

discount on the financial rand to realise

this." . However, the monetary authorities

say the harder attitude has not affected

the availability of trade finance. "Any

order from Escom for finance for capital

goods will be met. Credits guaranteed by

overseas agencies will continue," says an

official.

And for a third time SA warned that

sanctions could compromise its ability to

meet its foreign debt commitments.

Yesterday Finance Minister

Barend du Plessis said at the

National Party federal congress

in Durban that sanctions would

limit South Africa's ability to

80
export and this would seriously impair

its ability to repay its foreign debt.

"The disinvestment campaign and the

pressure on overseas bankers to refuse

any new loans to South Africa is steadily

increasing and in these circumstances

we must continue to seek, through negotiation, the co-operation of overseas

bankers to roll over as much as possible

of their existing loans to South African

banks and other institutions in the private and public sector instead of immediate repayment," he said.

Said another senior source: "People

must not read too much into Du Plessis'

statement. If effective sanctions are imposed and have a harmful effect on the

current account surplus, logic tells us we

may not be able to repay foreign debt.'

The first hint that SA might be forced

to renege on its debt commitments came

early in July when SA's ambassador in

London, Denis Worrall, told the UK

House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committe that "SA would consider not repaying its international loans," if sanctions

on the scale indicated by the EPG report

were implemented. This was followed by

another hint by the Finance Minister in

private toa group of bankers.

"Government's attitude is that on the

one hand foreign bankers want to beat us

and on the other milk us. Foreign bankers have pointed out that itis the government's political dispensation that is pulling international wrath down on to our

heads," saysa source.

Some bankers have speculated that

tension exists between the Department

of Foreign Affairs on the one hand and

the Reserve Bank and Treasury on the

other over the handling of the debt crisis

and apparent sabre-rattling by government.

The monetary authorities, however,

have strongly denied the split.

Other points made yesterday by Du

Plessis were: D Sanctions would create problems for

the economy. But SA could not,permit

this to undermine the economy and to

create growing unemployment and poverty without taking suitable countermeasures; . D The government would continue with

its policy, as far as it lay within its

power, of creating the heeded climate

and conditions for economic recovery,

even should South Africa be forced, temporarily, to deviate, both domestically

and in her international relations, from

the accepted principles ofa market-orientated economic policy approach; and, D South Africa could not expect to attract any important new foreign invest-'

ment in the near future.

/9274

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SOUTH AFRICA.

FOREIGN CURRENCY EARNINGS SEEN THREATENED BY CAPITAL OUTFLOW

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 17 Aug 86 p 1

[Article by David Southey]

[ Text ] THE increased gold price is unlikely

to give the economy a major boost.

Economists and businessmen fear that the

increased foreign-currency earnings will be

swallowed up by stepped-up capital outflows

ahead of sanctions.

The failure of the rand to rise above

US$0,38 in spite of a $40 jump in the price of

gold points to the seriousness of SA's capital

leakage.

It also indicates continued low confidence

among both domestic and foreign businessmen In SA's political future.

Cofferfiller

Economists estimate that every $10 an

ounce rise in the gold price translates into an

annualised $200 million boost to SA's earnings. If the gold price remains above $380,

nearly $2-billion could be added to SA's depleted foreign-currency coffers by the end of

the year.

However, with an estimated 60% of SA's

outstanding foreign debt falling outside the

standstill net and foreign creditors nervous of

further restrictions on repayments in the!

event of sanctions, capital outflows are likely

to rise.

Speculation is that the Reserve Bank is

trying to stockpile dollars in anticipation of

lower forex earnings under sanctions. The

bank's purchase of dollars from the private

sector bolsters liquidity by virtue of cheap

rands being exchanged for expensive dollars.

Gold-mine earnings along with tax revenue

from them receive a fillip from a high dollar

price of gold combined with a low rand. If the

Reserve Bank remains an active net buyer of

dollars from the private sector liquidity in

the money market will Increase and depress

interest rates.

Gilts look good

Traders in short-term paper report a severe shortage in money-market assets, which

means rates could fall further.

Long-term rates seem to have consolidated

around 15%, but traders think easing is possible under the weight of funds. Relative to

equities, which are expensive, and property

which is depressed, gilts may yet offer the

best Investing opportunities.

But both gilts and equities are likely to

react more strongly to bad news than to good.

/13104

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SOUTH AFRICA

URANIUM PLANT CONVERTED INTO GOLD PROCESSING PLANT AT WDL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Aug 86 p 25

[Text]

THE metallurgical project team at Western

Deep Levels gold mine,

near Carlctonville, has

cngiteered a world first

— tie conversion of a

urnniim plant into a gold

procc;sing plant.

Wh;n uranium production vas discontinued at

WDL in 1985 due to the

depressed market and

falling »rades, the metallurgical project team investigated the possibilities

of an alternate use for theuranium plant process

stages. On their recommendation the leaching,

counter current decantation (CCD) and clarification stages were changed

into gold processing

stages.

A final recovery stage,

incorporating carbon adsorbption elution and regeneration was added.

The changes and additions were done relatively

easily and inexpensively.

The WDL No 3 shaft

waste-rock dump is now

being processed for the

recovery of gold. Over

the next 11 years about 16

million tons of waste material, expected to yield

21 tons of gold, will be

treated at a monthly rate

of 120 000 tons.

Conveyors for dump

reclamation, a jaw crusher for the reduction of

rock size to ISO mm, two

60 000 tons-per-month

mills with feed silos and

two dewatering thickeners have been provided at

No 3 shaft. Slurry is

pumped from the thickeners to the cyanidation

stage, a distance of 2,5

km, by five pumps in series.

After the cyanidation

stage, liquid/solids separation takes place in the

CCD process where a

wash solution picks up the

dissolved gold moving

counter current through

six stages. The gold-bearing solution is clarified

and passed through activated carbon columns

where the gold is adsorbed.

Absorbed gold is removed by an elution process using hot caustic soda

and cyanide. A relatively

small amount of concentrated gold solution is

pumped into the normal

zinc precipitation circuit

for final gold recovery.

The design throughput

of 120 000 tons per month

is being achieved and the

CCD process in particular

is proving to be highly efficient. The total cost of

the project was about R'K)

million, R3,5 million of

which was used to convert

the uranium plant.

/9274

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83
SOUTH AFRICA

BATTLING FOOD RETAILERS LOOK INCREASINGLY TO BLACK MARKET

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 17 Aug 86 p 1

[Article by David Carte]

[Text The three major food chains are on the brink of a price

war and the trading background is changing fast.

It is a moot point whether the present balance of power

will continue, But it is no easy matter to back a winner.

First the megatrends. In 1965, whites took 70% of disposable income in SA. By 1985 their share had declined to 55%

of a much bigger cake. By 2000 the white share of the cake

will be down to less than half.

The all-important size of the cake by then depends on

many things, from the gold price to socio-political dispensations still to be worked out.

The size of the cake will ultimately determine how many full bellies there are — and

how many contenders remain in retailing

by 2000.

But for the present the white market is

virtually saturated. Unless they can increase their share of the white market at

others' expense, retailers looking for

growth in the next decade or so will have to

turn increasingly to the black market.

If Third World urbanisation trends are

valid in SA, the scrapping of influx control

and the erosion of group areas mean that

blacks will be concentrated in CBDs and

whites in the suburbs.

The drift from rural to urban areas

means less reliance on the land and more

turnover for food retailers.

A final megatrend will be heightened

political consciousness among black consumers. The will prefer to deal with blackowned stores — provided the shops offer

competitive prices.

AImong the major retailers, Pick 'n

Pay still has the edge. It is overwhelmingly

food based, which is reassuring in a lowgrowth scenario — but unless it can increase exposure to the black market, it may

find its lead threatened.

Raymond Ackerman's shops are nearly

all in white suburban locations, but he says

he does not think about race in his strategy.

Pick 'n Pay'has successful shops in Mitchells Plain and Bisho and opens soon in

Mmabatho. It has long sought black partners, but they have been reluctant.

OK has always derived a large part of

turnover from the black market, with a

strong CBD presence, it is well positioned

for the megatrends described here. OK has

a bigger portion of non-food lines, which

makes profits far more cyclical than Pick 'n

Pay's. In a low-growth scenario OK will

probably lag, but In an upturn it could leave

the others standing.

Checkers appears to believe in specialisation for the black market. It is handing

more and more of its black shops over to its

aggressive cousin in Tradegro, Jazz Stores,

wliose arm's-length ally Blackchain also

means business in the black market.

Checkers has thrown untold millions at

gaining market share. Clive Weil savs it is

working and increased volumes will mean

improved rebates from suppliers. He contends Checkers has more to gain from improving efficiency than Pick 'n Pay, which

he concedes is the slickest.

Mr Ackerman does not dispute that

Checkers has improved its market share to

everyone's discomfort. But he says profits,

not market share, are the name of the game.

While Checkers aims to break even this

year, Pick 'n Pay is looking to improve on

last year's pre-tax profit of R66-million. It

hopes to do this on low turnover growth and

in spite of an expensive strike and lower

interest receipts on its cash holdings.

Mr Ackerman believes his financial

strength and the fact that he does more

turnover than the others with half the number of stores will tell into the foreseeable

future. The final placings will be determined by economic growth and politics.

/13104

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SOUTH AFRICA

STATISTICS REVEAL JULY RISE IN VEHICLE SALES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 Aug 86 pp 1, 2

[Article by David Furlonger]

[Text]

VEHICLE manufacturers believe the

worst of the industry's woes may be over

— at least for now.

Figures released yesterday show sales

of cars and light commercial vehicles

last month exceeded industry expectations, continuing the improving trend

shown in June.

At 16 788, car sales in July were 6,4%

up on June's 15 779. Industry sources say

they expect sales to fluctuate between

15 500 and 17 500 a month for the rest of

the year.

Sales of light commercial vehicles in

July also continued to reflect underlying

strength, improving 8,2% on June, from

6 881 to 7 449. Manufacturers expect this

area to record further improvements by

the end of the year.

No such recovery beckons for medium

and heavy commercial vehicles. Sales of:

both declined against June figures. Industry officials are becoming increasingly concerned at the pressures being

placed on these important sectors.

Naamsa — the National Association of

Automobile Manufacturers — says that

although car and light commercial sales

so far this year are 12% down on those of

1985, recent stimulatory measures are

clearly helping to bolster «ales.

Naamsa director Nico Vermeulen

says that in addition to lower interest

rates and the perks tax standstill, "the

continuing recovery in new car sales can

be attributed to a combination of factors

such as pent-up replacement demand,

the positive influence of recent new

model introductions, aggressive marketing and sales campaigns, and the greater

number of trading days during the month

of July".

"Consumer sentiment could improve

further and, in particular, new-car sales

are likely to gain additional momentum

during the last four months ut the year

once the new basis of valuation of company-owned cars; for purposes of fringe

benefit taxation, is officially implemented."

Toyota was once again the leading car

manufacturer in July, selling 4 000 cars

to regain the place it lost for one month

to Samcor. Samcor was second, with

3 604. Volkswagen was the big surprise,

its Golf-Jetta range proving the month s

biggest single seller, with 2 994 cars sold.

In all, VW sold 3 462 cars in July.

/9274

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85
SOUTH AFRICA.

WATER PLAN WITH LESOTHO UNDERWAY

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 17 Aug 86 p 1

[Article by Udo Rypstra]

[Text] SOUTH Africa and Lesotho

will sign an agreement in the

next few weeks to go ahead

with the multi-billion rand Lesotho Highlands water

scheme.

The project will provide the Witwatersrand with enough water to get

by until the year 2020. Lesotho will

also benefit.

The go-ahead comes after more

than 30 years of negotiations. It paves

the way for work to start on the first

Rl,2-billion stage of the project,

deemed "overdue" because of the water crisis gripping South Africa's industrial heartland.

The Deputy Director-General of

Water Affairs, Theo van Robbroeck,

told Business Times: "We hope the target date for completion of the first

stage — January 1, 1995 — can be

met."

Stumbling blocks

This phase includes the construction i

of a 1245-million cubic metre Katse

Dam in Lesotho and a tunnel through

the Maluti Mountains to feed a hydroelectric power station and then the

Vaal River scheme.

Katse will be the biggest dam structure south of the Limpopo. The projected flow of 2 200-milIion cubic metres

a year into Vaal reserves from Lesotho plus the automatic re-use of return flows will "buy" 25 years for the

Wilwatersrand — but only If the water

comes on stream by 1995, says Mr van

Robbroeck.

The final agreement — removing

several technical stumbling blocks —

virtually coincides with the completion of a feasibility study costing R12-

million and the release of a report by

the Raubenheimer committee.

Financial package

The committee, headed by former

Water Affairs Minister Braam Raubenheimer, has been investigating the

Vaal supplies for the past two years

and is believed to have made several

recommendations in favour of Lesotho

Highlands.

Fears have been expressed that

foreign finance might be withdrawn

because of sanctions and political considerations. Although confirmation is

still awaited by SA, the European Development Fund will go ahead with its

R24-million financial package for the

design of the hydro-electric component of the scheme..

i Suggestions that the World Bank is

reconsidering its R20-million package

for Lesotho cannot be confirmed. But

the bank is unlikely to change its mind

because other neighbouring pro-sanctions nations, such as Mozambique and

Zimbabwe, have joined forces to programme and co-ordinate the distribution of water from the Limpopo River

basin with South Africa and Botswana.

As soon äs the Lesotho agreement is

signed, advisers will be appointed to

translate the first phase of the scheme

into projects for which tenders will be

invited.

' Legislation enabling SA parastatal

Organisations to work across the border and to oversee the construction

and running of foreign water projects

was tabled in Parliament only six

weeks ago.

Water resource experts agree that

acceptance of Lesotho Highlands will

eliminate the need for other more

costly schemes, some of which would

have made SA independent of its military-ruled neighbour.

Although much of the finance will

come from loans by the International

community, SA is expected to provide

an estimated R228-millioh of total

costs.

/13104

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86
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

INDIA IMPORTING UNCUT DIAMONDS—New Delhi—A government Minister confirmed

yesterday that Indian companies were importing rough diamonds worth millions

of dollars from a London-based company partly owned by South Africa's De Beers

Consolidated Mines Ltd. The Indian Prime Minister, Mr Rajiv Gandhi, has been

an outspoken critic of South Africa's apartheid system. India has no diplomatic links with South Africa and bans trading with the country. Mr Brahma

Dutt, Minister of State for Commerce, told Parliament 49 private companies

imported rough,diamonds valued at about R692 million from the London-based

Diamond Trading Company (DTC) in the year ended last March. He was responding to a charge by opposition Telugu Desam Party member Satyanaryan Reddy

that the companies were importing South AFrican diamonds from the De Beers

subsidiary for cutting and re-export. {Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in

English 13 Aug 86 p 10] /9274

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87
SOUTH AFRICA

INDUSTRY DRAWS UP STOCKPILING PLANS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 Aug 86 p 5

[Text] SA COMPANIES in most manufacturing industries

have developed contingency plans to increase stocks of

imported materials and components in case of increased foreign trade sanctions and government reactions that could limit such imports.

From all accounts, however, few companies have

actually begun to stockpile. Executives in the automobile and computer industries, both dependent on

foreign-made components, said privately yesterday

that they had already drawn up plans for a range of

actions, including withdrawal from operations.

Several companies which distribute foreign-made

products, in addition, said they had examined the

possibility of purchasing manufacturing operations to

replace lost imports.

Stockpiling, one MD said, was "part of a contingency

plan somewhere down the line". But the same executives said sanctions being considered by the Commonwealth and the US Would not affect their companies

directly, so stockpiling was not of immediate concern.

"There's ä lot of speculation on what could happeh,"

said Bob Frost, an executive at handtool distributor

Stanley Tools. "But we're looking at it very optimistically. My own opinion is that sanctions will not come

down to the trade level"

Economists said, too, that with financing charges

still at least 15% and many companies weakened by

lower than normal demand, carrying more than minimum stocks Was expensive for most manufacturers.

As a result of continuing high inflation and interest

rates, stocks in general have fallen steadily in the last

two years. Levels have improved slightly in recent

months, however, as interest rates have dropped.

"The only thing that might make you pre-buy is the

fear that import controls might come," an economist

said. Import controls have not been suggested officially as an alternative for government to take.

Manufacturers expressed concern about the uncertainty created by the current deliberations on sanctions by Western nations. "At this stage of the game,

the threat of sanctions probably is more damaging

than sanctions would be Once imposed, because nobody

knows which way to jump," an executive said.

An executive in the motor industry said business

was trying to guess what government had already

done and what it Would do in its battle against sanctions before taking any strategic actions itself.

/9274

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SHORTAGE OF PILOTS PREDICTED*-Cape Towa—<A critical shortage of experienced

professional pilots in South Africa is foreseen in the aviation industry,

once the country has pulled out of the current economic slump. And a recent,

widely criticised decision by the Directorate of Civil Aviation (DCA) to restrict the validation in this country of foreign commercial and airline transport licences will, it is said, exacerbate the problem. "Airnews," the official

mouthpiece of the commercial Aviation Association of Southern Africa, says

there appears to be just cause for criticism of the DCA's decision to require

foreign pilots wanting jobs in South Africa to write all the necessary examinations and not just air law, as In the past. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

in English 12 Aug 86 p 12] /9274

LASTER SYSTEM 1ST FOR MATIES—Cape Town—A new R184,000 laser system has been

commissioned by the atom and spectrophysics group of the Department of Physics

at the university of Stellenbosch. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in

English 20 Aug 86 p 15] /9274

AVIATION ACTS TO CIRCUMVENT SANCTIONS—Stellenbosch, 15 August, SAPA~The

aviation industry should act timeously to circumvent the possible imposition

of sanctions on the supply of aircraft and spares to South Africa, the

director-general of transport, Mr A.B. Eksteen, warned in Stellenbosch

tonight. Mr Eksteen told the annual meeting of the SA Airline Association

that it was not yet clear how extensive sanctions against the country's

aviation industry would be. He was convinced, however, that they could be

bridged thanks to the skills and contacts of the associations members. ^

Mr Eksteen gave the assurance that the government would "keep a wakeful eye

on the bans on landing and overflight rights. He added that the tourism

board had found that South Africa had more friends abroad than was generally

thought, and that tourists would still visit the country, albeit in smaller

numbers. South Africa's civil aviation fleet exceeded 4,000 aircraft, he

said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1013 GMT 15 Aug 86 MB]/ /12858

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89