that fits his crime, one that will set an example. It makes 1lit-
tie difference to these latter-day conquerors that, in less than
35 years, Casamance has lost more than 75 percent of its forests!
These people don't give a damn about the ecology. They spare no
plant-cover, no animals, no birds, no matter what their size,
neither breeding-grounds nor nesting seasons.

Descendants of the people the Portuguese found at Ziguinchor in
1645, who have never left their home, today cannot find land on
which to build their cabins, not even a patch of paddy to grow a
little rice. Somebody took it all away from them. Meanwhile,
Senegalese recently arrived from Senegal are suddenly owners of as
many as 15 building-lots in the city of Ziguinchor alone, without
so much as opening their pocketbooks.

What can one say about the fisheries? Many Senegalese come to
fish in Casamance have carved out vast occupation and labor
zones, particularly for the fishing, without any authorization,
replaced the imams and village chiefs who welcomed them with new
ones; huge areas are placed: off-limits to’ the people who lived
there and to the Casamancais who welcomed them.

A Generation Barred from Education

Cape Verde and Casamance are the regions with the highest level of
school attendance in the country. In Casamance, the school system
fvas'-founded by the colonists and the missionaries. Even so, all
Casamance is now ordered to manage with the little Djignabo lycée,
and as a consequence hundreds of Casamance children are sent off
to secondary schools in Saint-Louis or in Senegal, without scho-
larships or dormitories, more than 600 kilometers from home, Many
of them are sleeping in the market-place and others under porches,
begging for money to feed themselves at hospices and barracks.

Many families report that people said,"Oh, you're Casamancais?

Fine! The Diola are great dancers. We'll clap hands and you can
dance and entertain us, if you want something to eat. If you
refuse, you'll get nothing at all from us." The horror of begging,
their pride and their dignity forced many young Casamancais, boys
and girls alike, to go for days without a single real meal in that
ancient capital of Senegal. Some families chose to cut their chil-
dren's educations short rather then letting them take their chances
in a city where there was nobody to look after them.

Add to that the dismissal of several hundred students from the
Djignabo lycee, because of the strike, as well as the student strike
in January 1980 in which one student, Idrissa Sagna, was intentio-
nally shot and killed by. a Senegal-born policeman, if you make the
point that educational, vocational, and sports policy is absolutely

56



cso:

At present, nearly 49 per cent of the entire
population has not yet reached the
productive age group; the percentage is
expected to continue to rise substantially
because the population growth.

Among the many other factors identified
by the Wanjigi Report is the inability of the
economy to grow at a rate that would
stimulate enough employment creation to
absorb all jobseckers. Some fo the others
are: Job-selectivity among school-leavers;
seasonality of jobs; skills imbalance with has
resulted in vacancies co-existing with
surplus labour, inappropriate technological
application; and failure of development
programme to focus more sharply on areas
with the greatest employment-generating
potential!

Yet another highly pertinent issue which
the Report mentions is that the many people
who many otherwise be considered to be
employed but whose productivity. output
and income are unacceptably low should be
“regarded as unemployed”.

Here again, as with regard to most of the
Report's recommendations, the White
Paper appears to endorse it by saying: “In
this respect, the report reinforces and
amplifies the concept Of poverty which was
advanced by the International Labour
Organisation (ILO) 1972 Report on
Unemployment in Kenya. The Government
continues to accept the ILO Report as a
basis for employment policy.” .

The Wanjigi Report, says the White
Paper, “correctly sets employment in the
large context of poverty alleviation.
Government's proper concern is not simply
the creation of jobs, let alone jobs in the
modern or formal sector. It is rather for the
enhanced productivity of all workers — those
without jobs who want them; those with jobs
that produce little and pay poorly; and even
those with jobs paying decent incomes who
look forward to further improvements in
their family’s welfare. Thus the discussion
could equally well centre on enhanced
productivity and higher income for all.”

No one in his or her right mind can
disagree with the Government’s thinking on
this matter: Employment opportunities will
grow naturally if productivity is high;
creating more jobs is only one of the means
to this end.

“But many other means should be
employed to raise productivity ... in the
informal sector of our cities and towns ...
because complementary resources of all
kind — land, capital, foreign exchange,
skilled workers and managers —are scarce in
Kenya, they must be used efficiently to
create employment and enhance labour
productivity.

“Tt is no use spending large amounts of
capital to create a few jobs because others
will then go unemployed when the supply of
savings is exhausted.”

The price and incentive structure, says the
White Paper, will be geared towards
encouraging “increasing productivity from

3400/607

22

farms, especially small ones, which use more
workers per hectare than the larger ones;
orientation of agricultural production
towards those crops which earn or save
foreign exchange most efficiently, including
food crops, traditional export and new
exports;

“Growth of regional centres that serve
rural areas as marketing centres and absorb
underemployed rural workers, diverting
them away from Nairobi and Mombasa;

“Manufacturing for export to all parts of
the world, with emphasis on labour-
intensive, high value-added industries
import-substitution when it can be done
efficiently, with protection; development of
efficient markets for all goods and services,
with considerable freedom of entry for small
firms; greater saving by all segments of the
community; etc.”

The White Paper does not stop at that. It
stresses the need for continued development
of effective financial institutions to attract
and channel the savings “to the most
productive private investments”.

__ It says; “The essential elements of such an
incentive structure are already being put in
place by the Government.”

Among these are: Domestic agricultural
prices with appropriate relation to world
Prices, programmes of land consolidation
and agricultural credit for intensive land

utilisation; public investment in the
intrasfructure of potential regional urban
centres other than Nairobi and Mombasa
and the encouragement of private
investment in such towns.

The White Paper gives an indication that’
some more adjustments may be in the offing
with regard to the exchange rate when it says
that it should “adequately reward exporters
and efficient import substituters, one that
maintains its real incentive value despite
inflation.”

The Government is also desirous of giving
additional incentives to exporters, when
necessary, and removing the hindrances to
the development of new exports.

It also intends to gradually reduce
protection in the form of declining tariff
levels and free access to imports and to
encourage private sector competitors in
certain markets dominated by private or
public monopolies.

If one were to be asked to sum up the
recommendations of the Wanjigi Report
and the Government's response as contained
in the White Paper, I would say that both are
exceedingly well reasoned documents which
are substantially in agreement on the basic
recommendation: Be more productive in
goods and services than in bringing forth
more and more mouths to feed and the
unemployment problem will take care of
itself over a period of time.

The Moi Administration will take care of
the rest, as it has been doing for many years.



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
jast line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



TO

cso:

tions put by the PFP related to
issues concerning blacks or mat-
ters pertaining to law and order.

In the House of Representatives,
42 of the total of 78 questions put
to Ministers were concerned with
coloured “own affairs”.

“Inthe House of Delegates, 103 of

the 112 questions were to do with
Indian “own affairs”,

It was furthermore in the House
of Assembly that the opposition,
kept the Government on its toes.

The unrest, violence and shoot-
ings .at Crossroads prompted the
PFP to apply for, and get, a spe-
cial debate on the plight of the
squatter camp as a matter of pub-
lic importance.

PERMANENT

During the debate the Govern-
ment relented on its until-then
rigid policy that the settlement
was a temporary aberration, by
agreeing to grant it permanent

> status on-condition that its inhabi-

tants agreed to upgrade their liv-
ing conditions.

When the police opened fire and
killed a score of people at Uiten-
hage on March 21, the PFP imme-
diately sent six MPs to the scene
to collect witnesses’ accounts and
compile a report.

That account differed so much
from the police version that the
Government appointed a commis-
sion of inquiry into the incident —
the report of which found much to

‘be desired in the way the police

3400/598

65

had acted in the events surround-
ing the shootings. As a result, the
; Government decided to review po-
lice riot contro! methods and set
up a board of inguiry to investi-
‘gate the actions of certain force

Earlier in the session the PFP,
“almost with uncanny foresight,
‘had requested a debate on the eco-

omic crisis of the Port Eliza-
eth, /Vitenhage region? TM bows

«’. ‘On anotheF occasion, the PFP

“-pead to the’Assembly a series of

; affidavits alleging police violence

in the Eastern Cape, and urged the

‘Government to set up a judicial

‘commission to investigate the

* eomplaints.’: °#"

It would not be possible to detail
here the incisive contributions of
MPs such as Mrs Helen Suzman
(Houghton) who raised allegations
of atrocious prison conditions
(prompting an immediate top-
level inquiry) or Mr Harry
Schwarz (Yeoville) who remains
probably the most keen financial
mind in Parliament.

PFP MPs say they are proud of.
their contribution this session, rat-
ing it as one of their best perfor-
mances in years.

Now that the PFP has decided
to spread its support base to all
the country’s population groups, it
may well be that its track record
of genuine opposition to separate
development could be a key factor
in forming a political block of
major consequence,

*



KOORNHOF HINTS AT NEW RACE REFORMS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Jul 85 p 15

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — Im-
portant new moves
away from racial dis-
crimination are likely
to be proposed by the
President’s council in
the next few months.

In an interview in Cape
Town, Dr Piet Koornhof.
Chairman of the Presi-
dent's Council, said that
the Council had received
the Human Sciences Re-
search Council report on
inter-group relations as
well as a separate HSRC
report on infliix control,
group areas and separate
amenities.

“This is where these re-
ports belong,” said Dr
Koornhof. “The Presi-
dent's Council is one of
‘the bodies that will deal
with them.

“There has always been
the closest liaison be-
tween us and the HSRC
and CSIR, as well as
other research organisa-
tions. We take note of all
research done at that aca-
demic level and use it in
performing our function,
which is to seek solutions
to South Africa’s prob-
lems.

e‘What the scientists do
for the sake of science we,

76

as a political body, use as
‘new know-how’ in seek-
ing answers to the coun-
try’s problems.”

Dr. Koornhof quoted
from the statement the
State President, Mr P.W.

Botha made to the Presi-.

dent’s Council last Sep-
tember: “You must im-
Partially look at the coun-
try’s problems, and you
must impartially seek
alternatives and possible
solutions.”

Relations

It was in this context
that the HSRC report on
inter-group relations and
the effects of apartheid on
South African society was
accepted as a working
document.

Apart from the two ma-
jor “HSRC ‘reports, the
President's © Council
already has before it the
whole phalanx of apart-
heid legislation —.group
areas, separate amenities,
Squatters ‘Act, Black
communities  develop-
ment legislation, influx
control, pass laws, techni-
cal offences involving
Blacks only, and the sub-
ject of urbanisation with
particular reference to
Black urbanisation.

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

GHANA

UNIVERSITY DEVELOPS NEW GOLD EXTRACTION METHOD
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 28 Jun 85 pp 1, 4
[Article by Kwaku Nehemia]

[Text] The University of Science and Technology (UST) in Kumasi has in another
technological breakthrough succeeded in evolving a new process of gold extrac-
tion that ensures maximum recovery of the mineral and reduces to the bearest
minimum, pollution of the environment.

The new process also reduces the defoliation of forest and poisoning of human
beings by arsenous and sulphur oxides in gold extraction.

Again, it will enable the country to produce 6,000 metric tonnes of arsenic
trioxide and 13,000 metric tonnes of iron oxide in a year which the available
technology being employed in the country's mining industry has not been able
to recover from gold matarix (ore).

These were disclosed by Mr E. K. Asiam, Lecturer and Head of Department of
Mineral Processing and. Extractive Metallurgy of UST in an interview on
Wednesday.

Mr Asiam said some of the processes being used in the country's mining. indus-
try at present such as the roasting process do not ensure maximum recovery of
gold from the gold ore and in view of this, the UST, with the assistance of
the West German Government, conducted an intensive research in finding out a
new method of gold extraction.

He said the new process is called aqueous pressure oxidation and with it,
99 percent of gold in a matrix can be extracted with only 0.8 grammes per
metric tonne of gold remaining in the residue as compared to between 80 and
90 percent gold with as much as 14 grammes remaining in the residue using
the roasting process.

Explaining the new process, Mr Asiam said after the gold matrix has been
extracted from underground, it is solubilised in a special solution and
undergoes a process to liberate the gold content after which the residue is
treated to remove the arsenic compound as byproduct.

He further explained that with acqueous pressure oxidation, people involved
in the gold extraction do not come into contact with chemicals and other
poisonous materials.

cso: 3400/609 22



JPRS~SSA~85-067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

IMPORTANT TACTICAL ROLE OF GRENADE LAUNCHERS
Pretoria SALVO in English May 85 pp 11-13

[Article by Jacques Lenaerts]

[Text] DURING numerous operations over the Single-shot 40 mm launcher

last ten years, the South African Defence
Force has been able to evaluate accurate-
ly the tactical role that a grenade launcher
can play, especially in terrain where the
vegetation is relatively dense. such as on
the borders with Angola and Mozain-
bique. For troops on foot, direct-fire en-

“ gagements seldom occur at ranges of

more than 200 - 300 m, although thorn
bushes often form a screen which makes
firing chancy beyond 100 m.

This explains why South African units
are equipped with 40 mm grenade
launchers as well as light mortars. The
grenade launcher enables the soldier to
engage the enemy in indirect fire at dis-
tances between the maximum range of
hand-thrown grenades and the minimum
effective ranges of mortars. The standard
weapon at present is the American
single-shot M79 grenade launcher, which
proved itself in the Vietnam War. The
Armscor Group.: with the eventual
replacement of the M79 in the SADF in
view, and also to increase its range of
products intended for export became in- ,,
volved in the design of a series of more
modern launchers which includes two
single-shot weapons and a six-shot semi-
automatic weapon. Two 40 mm launch-
ers fire standard low-velocity 40 mm am-
munition as used in the M79, the Ameri-
can M203 and the West German
HK69A 1, whilst a 37 mm weapon fires
all 37 mm flares, and tear-gas projectiles
and rubber baton rounds for riot control.

71

The single-shot 40 mm grenade launch-
er has a steel barrel with a right-hand
progressive rifling twist. The barrel is fit-
ted to a light body of simple construction.
making abundant use of sheet-metal
pressings. -Most of the components of the
mechanism are foundry-made by the
fost-wax process, thereby reducing con-
siderably the cost of the weapon. The
break-open barrel is locked at the rear by
a catch which is released by a lever at the
back of the body. The lever of the two-
position rotating safety is situated above
the pistol grip. Front and rear pistol grips
give the gunner a very firm hold. A large
butt plate with a ribbed supporting face
is fitted to the telescopic stock. When the
stock is pushed forward into the body.
the length is 475 mm, which is 262 mm
less that the fixed-stock M79.

Aiming is very rapid and accurate
thanks to the locally designed occluded
eye gunsight (OEG) fitted on the barrel.
The user must familiarise himself with this
device because he should fire with both
eyes open. One eye has an unobstruct-
ed view of the target while the other is
presented by the OEG with a red light,
in the form of a thin vertical line, contrast-
ing with a black background. The height
of this line corresponds to that of a hu-
man silhouette at 200 m. The gunner’s
brain puts the two pictures together so
that he sees the red aiming reference su-
perimposed on the target. He has only



SHIPANGA EXPLAINS BATON CHARGE BY POLICE IN KATUTURA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Jun 85 p 10

[Text]

CSO:

3400/617

WINDHOEK. — Swa-
po’s leadership should
take responsibility for cir-
cumstances surrounding a
baton charge by police
against a protest march in
Katutura_ on Monday
night," Cabinet member
of the South West African
transitional Government,
Mr Andreas Shipanga,
said in Windhoek yester-
day.

Police reported earlier
that about 30 people were
injured in the procession
to protest against the in-
auguration of the tran-
sitional Government.

At the first media con-
ference of the new Cabi-
net, Mr Shipanga de-
scribed as “malicious” a
Swapo statement that the
baton charge was one of
the first actions to be
taken by the new Govern-

ment.

Government members
had not been at the scene
of the incident “and what-
ever the police did there,
we did not know,” he
said. . .

Swapo “must stop their
malice or they will make
things very difficult in this
country, and indeed for

- themselves.”

Mr Shipanga added
that Swapo had issued a
‘statement on April 2 in
which it called for the as-

_sassination of “certain

people in this-country.”
A Cabinet member
who will be handling the

29

portfolio of Justice, Mr
Fanuel Kozonguizi, said
Swapo would be allowed
to hold political meetings
in South West Africa if
the organisation de-
nounced violence.

* Swapo had been allo-
wed on Monday to dem-
onstrate against the new
government. “Where else
in Africa will you find the
situation that you can
demonstrate against a
government openly and
freely?” he asked.

Mr Shipanga said ear-
lier that the new Govern-
ment. would work for
national _ reconciliation
and had invited Swapo to
come -to a round-table
conference to work out a
solution to the South
West African dispute.

The Swapo leadership,

- however, had not yet ad-

dresséd itself “to the re-
alism of this country.”

@ The SWA Police
Force said that police had
taken action against the
crowd to prevent the pro-
cession from “turning
into. violence”.

A group of people
gathered in the township
outside Windhoek “and
took part in an unlawful
procession under Swapo
banners and placards.”

The people were asked
to disperse and after they
chad ignored the second

‘request to do so, police

used batons and teargas
to scatter the crowd.

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

NAMIBIA



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

TANZANIA

NYERERE GREETS REFUGEES, WARNS AGAINST PLOTTING

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Jun 85 p 1

[Exe

cSO:

erpt]

PRESIDENT Nyerere has said
that Tanzania will never be used
by refugees as a platform to plot
the overthrow of the govern-
ments in their countries of origin.

Addressing. hundreds of
refugees at the Ulyankulu Set-
tlement in Tabora Region yester-
day,
refugees not to involve them-
selves in such activities, Shihata
reported. _ .

The President, on a five-day
tour of the region, assured the
Government of Burundi that Tan-

Mwalimu cautioned the _

“disgruntled refugees were found”

carrying out sabotage activities
against Burundi, their ring leaders
would be arrested and deported.
If need be, all members of the set-

‘dement would be. deported, he

stressed.

Ulyankulu, established in 1972,
has about . 30,000°° Burundj
refugees, .

» Mwalimu, whd is also the.
current Chairman of the
Organisation of ‘African Unity
(OAU), said Tanzania in
welcoming refugees was doing its
duty as an African state meeting

bouring countries and. that it
would never condone any
disgruntled elements bent on for-

: Menting trouble in countries of

their origin.

Mwalimu Nyerere emphasized’
ithat if Tanzania were to allow its
land to be used by the refugees as

* @ ground for making plotewhich

might disrupt peace in  neigh-
bouring countries, this could
Spark off war, leading to loss of
many innocent lives.

He advised the refugees to in-
volve themselves more in farming
because the country had plenty of

zania would never alow ‘efugees its international obligation... . arable land,
hat country to use Tanzania
tea spring board for sebotare ae ——-Nevertheless, Tanzania, like” The

tivities.
He warned that if any group of

3400/593

any other African country, was
committed to promoting peace
and understanding with its neigh-

100

:Mwalimu Nyerere 10

refugees presented

000 = as
their contribution to’ the Party
Headquarters Building Fund in
Dodoma.



[Answer] If a development project is to be accepted by a people,
the people have to be consulted about it; so we said to ourselves:
"Why not organize ourselves so that the people can participate in
the development decisions? Not only must they be brought into the
planning, but they must also be motivated. That gave us the idea
of the Development Society, and we can say today that we have got
some very good things out of it. Thanks to this initiative, the
people were able to organize and re-group in the aftermath of the
agro-pastoral catastrophe we have gone through.

[Question] Twice in 15 years, Niger's flocks and herds were deci-
mated. Isn't it. very hard for the people to build up new herds
knowing that they may suffer the same fate?

[Answer] During the national debate on cattle grazing, we decided
to change our way of raising cattle: we would reconsitute the new
herds on new principles. There would be fewer head of cattle, they
would require less space, and we would give the Srowers the means
to cope with the feed requirements of their cattle by giving them
not. just hay and grain, but the best possible conditioss for rai-~
sing market and forage crops.

Question}. We have found your people both proud and brave. How do
they react to the drought that struck your country last year? Do
you think that some sort of regional integration might: lead to a
solution that would make your country economically viable?

[Answer] The prime characteristic of the Sahelian is dignity. The
head of the family vests all his pride in the fact that he feeds
his family with what he produces. Accordingly, we have tried to
nurture this quality by making him understand that the purpose of
all aid is to be able to get along without it by doing his level
best to be self-sufficient. At the first signs of impending catas-
trophe, we considered all sorts of solutions that would bring us
through it. Ought we to leave our people in camps where they would
be fed, thanks to foreign aid? Or should we help them by providing
water-holes and seed-grain to get them back to work and enable them
to stand and face adversity? This latter approach is the one the
Nigerien government chose. You mentioned Niger's economic future
in a regional structure. Africa is looking for a pattern of econo-
mic community, something along the lines of your European Community.
You must not forget, though, that the EEC was not built in a day,
and that a lot of years had to go by bétween the time the Treaty

of Rome was signed and the admission of Portugal and Spain! The
West AfricanEconomic Community (CEAO), Africa's first attempt at
community, dates only from 1973. As for the-Economic Community, of
West African-States (ECOWAF), which has more States asmémbers, it
has been in operation only since 1976. We are indeed seeking an
economic institution that would embrace many States, but we will
not deny that there are obstacles, such as the disparities in lan-
Suages, cultures, and economic models. Nevertheless, we are not
discouraged, because if Europe's Twelve can do it, despite flareups
of nationalism and selfishness, why can't Africa?

36



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP'S SLABBERT REVIEWS 1985 SESSION OF PARLIAMENT

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 23 Jun 85 p 20

{Review by Dr F, Van Zyl Slabbert, PFP Leader, of 1985 Session of Parliament]

[Text]

ONE CAN try to wish away ‘the
“confusion bedevilling South

African politics by conjuring up:

a deep-laid hidden agenda in
“which all these paradoxes and
contradictions are resolved in
“some grand plan or master
“scheme over which Government
has final control.
But forget it — the confusion is
.Teal...and worrying. Nothing
contributes more to the inevitable

anxiety 2 accompanying transition

hat ity a and d clarity Srhoneke
'y and clarity are

‘The State President's closing speech
epitomises this dilemma as

hood of 1985's first fui blown trica.
ameral session: a mixture of good senti-
~ments, threats-and confusing policy

si 23
f°. On'the level of good sentiments, who
pean argue ; South Africa;
-talking rather ‘than fighting, negotia-
tion rather than violence; growth

rather than stagnation; participation °

<rather than boycott; involvement
:rather than isolation; investment
eather than disinvestment; and so on
“and so forth. We agree, and so say all
e us. .

. But on the level of threats how must
“we understand the role of the SADF

sand the police against such good senti-
© pot, re-

sport paints urbing
Picture of “Geliberate
rindifference to accepted

61

“riot control procedures.

More and more the
actions of the SADF in
instances such as
Cabinda and Gaborone
create the impression
that its timetable and
agenda function accord-
ing to rules and objec-

-tives which cut across

domestic and diplomat-
‘ic initiatives calculated.

Of course no
government - can
tolerate indiscriminate
violence and terror
within its borders and
of course reaction fe
such instances must
aa aoe ware Bat ig the line between
Landers and Peters in Mitchell’s Plain
cand Gaborone a few days later. so clear
‘and conclusive that all can be put at rest?
* Or is it simply a case of ite
violence being met with indiscriminate
retaliation?

- Confused policy signals -
If this becomes the prevailing pat-
tern of events, sere en aboat . good senti-

ment and .
And then there are a those confusing



cso:

Soviet Union when he made
speeches in Tokyo and Peking
dn which he sketched his
Swanu party's independent
policy.

“Unfortunately, it collided
with Soviet designs to try to
make the whole Afro-Asian
movement an appendage of So-
viet foreign policy,” he said.

Mr Katjiuongua’s stance
shows how willing the various

arties in the territory have

een to reach consensus to
form this national unity gov-
ernment.

His Swanu has been
working with the conservative
Nationalist Party and the other
parties in the Multi-Party Con-

erence (MPC) for almost two
years to reach this point,

it would seem Swanu and the
National Party maké strange
bed-fellows in a govertiment of
national unity. In Mr Katjiuon-
gua’s own words, Swanu has
more in common with Swapo
than with the Nationalists.

However, he said: “The Na-
tionalist Party represents a sig-
nificant political faction in this
country that one cannot ig-
nore.”

He believes white people re-
alize this is the last op ortunity
to make a deat with blacks — if
not with Swapo, then at least
with those black people they

“ean talk to now.

“Of course, working with the
Nationalists makes the whole
process of change slow because
they are basically conservative
and to move them from all
kinds of perceptions will take a
hell of a lot of time, patience
and energy. But they have
moved significantly from the
original positions they took.”

Professor Wolfgang Thomas,
a professor of economics at the
University of the Western

, Cape, said in Windhoek recent-
ly the interim government
would only succeed if it went
-beyond “mere cosmetic adjust-
ments to the status quo of ra-
fially discriminatory, white-
centred rule”,

3400/617

32

Instead, it should work ‘to-
wards open-ended, aggressive
reform aimed at strengtheni:
the bridge between Swapo ant
other Namibian nationalists,
Professor Thomas said.

How did Mr Katjiuongua feel
about breaking through to Mr
Sam Nujoma and Swapo?

“We've got to keep the doors
open, to remain patient and
hope that one day our brothers
in Swapo will wake up to reali-
ty,” he said.

This is a position he has con-
stantly held, but he feels frus-
trated that “those of us who
thave been struggling for their

articipation are somehow left
in the desert”.

He considers neither Swapo
on its own nor the internal per
ities alone can effect stability
‘and independence for Nami-

ia.

Talks about
the future

He also believes -if the two
parties can start talks about the
country’s political future,
SWA/Namibia could be inde-
pendent in the next year or two.

“If we and Swapo can agree
that Namibia will become in-
dependent, that we will not
Pose a threat to.South Africa
militarily, that we are not going
to allow the ANC or anybody
else to operate from here, that
Namibia will be non-aligned
with no Soviet bases, I am con-
vinced South Africa would get
out of this country.

“I think South Africa would
be willing to tolerate a Botswa-
na here which would not pose a
military threat or problems to
them.” :

Mr Katjiuongua makes it
sound easy for peace and sta-
bility to come to SWA/Namibia,
but there are so many ifs in-
volved. One seriously wonders
whether the new transitional
government will really be able
to muster enough national uni-
ty to pull it off.


PFP COULD BE KEYSTONE OF OPPOSITION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Jun 85 p 12

[Article by David Braun]

[Text] CAPE TOWN — One thing that
; Was clear from the session of Par-
‘liament which ended this week
; Was that when all was said and
“done the most effective opposition
; to the Government's separate de-
: velopment policies still came from
_ the Progressive Federal Party.
+ The coloured and Indian politi-
; cal parties which entered the new
; Constitutional dispensation did so
with the laimed intention of
- “dismantling the system from
i “Re Jain
: claim credit for the repeal
‘of.laws banning multiracial mem-
, bership of political parties and
those prohibiting mixed marriages
_and fexual 5 Telatlons.
‘They al t that forced
_ the Government to tatonse pari-
: ty increases in social pensions for

. tswana raid. .

». They were “not particularly
“vocal in their criticism of mea-
‘sures and policies affecting the
lives of blacks, such as police and
Defence Force action in the town-

=that they needed at least one ses-
“sion of Parliament to settle down

and get to with.
fand get Erips, the workings
3 They also had a of re-

fa
yout for their own communities

64

and, conceivably, they had little
opportunity to turn their attention
to national issues.

_ Critics of the coloured and In-
dian parties say that they allowed
themselves to be co-opted by the
Government into administering
ithe overall system of separate de-
‘velopment. Coloured and indian
:MPs, they say, as predicted,

iturned out to be toothless and .

|therefore quite incapable of bring-
: ing about meaningful change.

: jose changes which had been
brought about were essentially
cosmetic — the fundamental laws
of apartheid remained firmly in
place.

NOT IMPROVED

The PFP obviously realises that
the coloured and Indian parties in
Parliament have not improved on
their almost total lack of credibili-
ty in the past five months.

’ That is probably why at a media
conference on Wednesday, PFP
leader Dr Van Zy] Slabbert said
pis party had no intention of. merg:
Ang any existing parties with-
in Parliament or movements out-
side,-but would co-operate with
those who wished to promote the
politics of negotiation.
“An analysis of the PFP’s perfor-
mance during the past session: is
illuminating. . .
-. Of the total of 1758 questions
asked of Ministers in the House of
- Assembly, 1471 were put by the
PFP, 191 by the New Republic
Party, 88 by the Conservative
Party and eight by the National
Party.

About 40 percent ‘of those ques-

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



fn

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985
TANZANIA
NYERERE OPENS WESTERN FINANCED APPLIED ENGINEERING INSTITUTE
Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 16 Jun 85 p 1
{article by James Mwakisyala]
[Text]
PRESIDENT Nyerere yesterday i i i
‘inaugurated the Teal. West refrigerator which, will be used
German-built Institute of : Earlier the Director of IPI,
Me Uskeraty of Dare Gey at Ndugu -Klaus-Peter ‘ Stormer,
1¢, Unive! of Dar.es Salaam =“ prodiiwwe goods:which will reduce _- told the Sunday’ Ne) “that the
main campus in the city. posts Of ration: institute was. fiready” accruing

n 4 ion;

Mwalimu Nyerere, who is the The Vice-Chancellor said the half its annual budget from
Chancellor of the University, institute, whose: construction services rendered to the
was told by the Vice-Chancellor, began in 1980 had already started = community. . .
Ndugu Nicholas Kuhanga, that receiving orders from industries “The intention is to make IPI
IPI had made a good start and in Dar es Salaam for self-reliant in all aspects”, he

has Produced tangible results consultancy, fabrication of spare explained. In the same vein,
already”. sees parts and repair work. Ndugu. Stormer said IPI was
IPI, avnich is an institute of Ndugu Kuhanga paid tribute researching on corrosion of

applies esearch paaimed 2 to Switzerland, West Germany, _alluminjum and insulation of the
pu ing fe gap eauabaiey the Norway and The Netherlands electricity cable from the
ieivs pie ngineering and the = which had assisted in the | Mainland to Zanzibar under a
industrial community, was in construction of the institute and contract with Barker and Barton
part an answer to Mwalimw’s training the staff. - Company.
challeny to institutions of | “The  .Ambassador . of - the
higher Tearning to be relevant, " Federal Republic of ‘West
practical and to endeavour to Germany to Tanzania, Mrs
Christel” Steffler, received a
prolonged applause when she
made her introductory remarks
in Kiswahili saying her country’s
assistance “was a good gesture in
the ‘co-operation between my
country and Tanzania.”
Mrs Steffier said IPI was a
milestone in —Tanzania’s
endeavours to boost industrial
production. She expressed hope
that IPI would continue’ to
contribute meaningfully towards
the progress of Tanzania.
e institute, adjacent to the
Faculty of Engineering, has
already started inn®vating a seed
oil ing machine and an
alcoho! distillation apparatus
aimed at extracting fue! alcohol
from. agricultural wastes such as
cashew fruits and mollasses. | *
‘Other research include testing
sugar cane crushers in close co-
operation with the Co-operative
and Rural Development Bank
(CRDB) and conducting a
research on developing a solar

cso; 3400/593
101



Allah--but because one should not be deceived by his good will: Moustapha
Niass has attained a national and international stature that does not allow
him to stand with arms folded. Whether he wants to or not. And that no doubt
explains all this, that is, the concerns in some circles regarding Moustapha
Niass.

Moustapha Niass does not want to recognize it, but the fact must be
emphasized: his departure was necessary in order for the Diouf policy to be
complete. At any rate, that is the impression one gets from a free-ranging,
tactful interview on 8 May with the former Senegalese minister of state. And
it is not difficult to guess that the same conclusion was reached by certain
elements of the present government following 1981 and culminating on 9 October
1984 in the eviction of Niass from the governing team.

Whether it was an eviction or a voluntary departure, as he prefers to present
it, it is certain that the former heir-apparent's ties with Senghor
contributed to the political setback--temporary?--of Moustapha Niass.
Especially since that former minister of state does not regard himself as a
"quitter": indeed, he affirms that he has not abandoned his friendships, and
the 8 years spent under the wing of the father of the nation left their mark.
Yes: Moustapha Niass was developed with and by Senghor.

Although one would hardly recognize it: despite his dream to be "forgotten,"
he represents a certain idea of Senegal that has not been dimmed in the
spirits of many Senegalese, particularly, we should stress, among Senegalese
socialists. The fact that he had the necessary latitude and courage to
request and obtain the opportunity to take his leave, "to turn his back on the
political life on its current diversion course" (he emphasizes these last five
words) and fly on his own wings, started, voluntarily or not, the
psychological process among many activists, who had been chafing in silence
over the way Diouf seeks to operate with the party in power.

By his departure, Moustapha Niass liberated them from that time forth, if we
can dare to put it that way. And the individual contradictory attitudes
affecting the Socialist Party (PS) were reinforced in the direction of a
generalized dissatisfaction. The private fears and aspirations that had been
long suppressed following Diouf's accession to leadership of the PS have
emerged from the collective subconsciousness of an influential ideological
element of the party. And this is because already in January 1984 Diouf had
shown his hand and decreed the victory of the Diouf policy.

Moustapha Niass' departure crystallized the danger of imminent destruction,
which aroused the survival instinct among many in the PS who have not taken
the time to become accustomed to a Diouf whom people have tried to impose at
all costs, without paying too much attention to the manner of doing so.
Questions Without Answers

The exit of Moustapha Niass thus did not at all settle matters as planned.

Indeed, Niass remains more dangerous outside the party than within the PS.
This explains the apprehensions of some in regard to the former minister of

42



IJPRS-SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

UDF MEMBERS FLOCK TO PFP

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 23 Jun 85 p 6

[Text]

cso:

3400/600

DOZENS of United Democratic Front members have already
applied to join the Progressive Federal Party, within days of
the party launching its recruiting campaign among all races.
The PFP hopes for a new realignment in politics now that
Parties can open their doors to all.

But the PFP and the UDF could be heading fora collision s as
the PFP becomes actively involved in coloured, Indian and

. black politics. A UDF spokesman has warned the PFP that if it

stands for election in the coloured or Indian houses of Parlia-
ment or black councils, the UDF will mete out the same treat-
ment to the PFP that it gave the Labour Party and Indian

Parties in last year’s stormy elections. -

Dr Alex Boraine, chairman of the national committee
directing the PFP’s recruiting campaign, said applications had
been received from UDF affiliates in the Western Cape and
Natal.

He disclosed that the first UDF applications for membership
were from affiliates which wanted to join as a group. But as
the PFP accepted only applications from individuals at this

| stage, dozens of UDF Supporters had. filled In application’
forms, he said, SON oe

Anyone hospi he rnp ie PP wool now
be accepted as a member. He sald it had never been PFP
policy to disclose the identity of new thembers. It was rae
members.to make their own announcements. :

However, a spokesman for the UDF In the Wes ‘
scoffed at Dr Boraine’s claim. “T find tt difficult to believe,”
she said, discounting any possibility. of widespread defections
to the PFP.

“49 the PFP gives credibility to these sellouts by taking part
‘a ee rs races willbe regard! as treachery of the
worst kind,” the spokesman sald. .

84



cso:

3400/618

Unlike some objec-
tives, Gaborone is easily
accessible, since it is
near to the South African
border, and there is a
good road leading direct-
ly to it. Efficient vehicle-
borne raiders could hit
their objectives and be
safe on South African
soil within less than an
hour. :



Briefs
Red Cross to Visit

NIGER

President Explains His 'Development Society' Rationale
(Seyni Kountche Interview; NORD SUD, Tun 85). cccccceceeoeee

SENEGAL

Moustapha Niass Pledges Not To Oppose Regime
(Pathe Mbodje; LE DEVOIR, Jun B5) ccc cee cece recs cecccecceees

Casamance Opposition Speaks Diola
(Dominique Darbon; POLITIQUE AFRICAINE, Jun 85) ccc cceeeeeee

Briefs
Financial Agreement With EEC

SOUTH AFRICA ©
Poll Reveals Political Cynicism, Alienation Among Coloreds, Indians

(THE STAR, 24 Jun 85)...eseeceececereeccccccrsssccscererees

PFP's Slabbert Reviews 1985 Session of Parliament
(F. Van Zyl Slabbert; THE SUNDAY: STAR, 23 Jun 85)....eeeeee

PFP Could Be Keystone of Opposition
(David Braun; THE STAR, 22 Jun > eee

Hendrickse Says Communists Using ANC
(THE CITIZEN, 28 Jun [> kia

Political Scientist Says ANC May Have Won Battle of Ideas
(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 27 Jun ts) Seon

Professor Accuses House of Delegates of Inconsistencies
(Kanthan Pillay; POST NATAL, 26-29 Jun B5) vcecccceccececeee

Police To Probe BBB Pamphlet
(Rika van Graan; THE CITIZEN, L Jul 85)... ccc ccceecncoceees

Important Tactical Role of Grenade Launchers
(Jacques Lenaerts; SALVO, May > nee on

Power Struggle Looms for Voortrekkers
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Jul 85)...ceeeseeereccececrcecseececscsrees

Rightwing Problems for Voortrekkers
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 5 Jul .:).) enn

-e-

34

35

41

44

59

60

64

66

67

68

70

71

74

75



[answer] You know, there are already too many organizations!

If they were simplified, it would solve a lot of problems. .Co~
operation with the Arab world is possible: it has its League, we
have the OAU.

[Question] But there are Arabs in the QAUE

[Answer ] That is true, and they also belong to the League. We are
firmly convinced that we have to simplify the organizations, the
present commissions and committees, so as to make them work more
efficiently. We are persuaded that all the issues afoot in Sub-
Saharan Africa and in the Arab world can be perfectly resolved
within the existing organizations.

[Question] About the Israeli-Arab conflict: most of the African
countries have severed diplomatic ties with Israel. What is your
position on this subject? Specifically, in the wake of the con-
crete proposals jointly advanced by ‘Arafat and Hussein of Jordan?

[Answer] That rough’.draft. of the Jordan-Palestinian agreement is
an element that might resolve a situation that has prevailed for
far too long. The key is to find a sovereign territory for the
Palestinian people. Without that, I see no solution. Israel
exists and its birth was sponsored by the great powers; it cannot
disappear. As for the Arab world, it is there, and the Palesti-
nian people have a right to a homeland. Therefore, some compro-
mise, at some level loftier than passions, must be found.

[question] The problem of South Africa and Namibia is poisoning
the inter-African climate. What are your thought on this issue?

[Answer] This is an extremely complex problem. Namibia's indepen-
dence can be recognized only in the context of the United Nations
resolution. We had pinned all our hopes on the Nkomati agreements.
We hailed the courage of President Machel of Mozambique, a man who,
transcending all political considerations, succeeded in negotiating
with South Africa, although he supports the revolutionary movement
against its government. We also believed in the new policy of the
United States. The South Africa problem is very complex, owing to
the enormous interests at stake. Mozambique and Angola won inde-
pendence after many trials and it is regrettable that they have not
acceded to more understanding, considering their own problems.

A chief of State, who is no longer with us, once said: "You can
choose your friends, but not your enemies."

While we firmly denounce South Africa's apartheid policy, we be-
lieve that country must maintain a good-neighbor policy with its
own neighbors and the rest of Africa. The potential on both sides
should prove advantageous to the entire continent.

39



POLICE TO PROBE BBB PAMPHLET

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Jul 85 pp 1, 2

[Article by Rika van Graan]

[Text]

cSO:

JOHANNESBURG

Police “‘are looking into”
the contents of a pam-
phlet distributed at homes
in Triomf and Westdene
last week in which a
Rightwing organisation, ;
Blanke — Bevrydingsbe-
weging van Suid-Afrika
published
allegations
concerning the Westdene

bus disaster and the.

Coloured driver of the

oe organisation head-
lined the pamphlet:
“Westdene busramp en
die moordaanslag op die
Witman op die paaie van

! Suid-Afrika.” (The West-
dene bus disaster and the

murderous attack on the
White man on South Afri-
ca’s roads).

The pamphlets were
apparently distributed be- °
tween Wednesday night -
and Thursday moming ;
because residents found
them in their mailboxes
on Thursday morning.

3400/596

A copy of the pamphlet
was delivered at the office
of Mr Klaus von Lieres,
Deputy Attorney General
for Johannesburg at the
Supreme Court just after
11 am on Thursday.

Mr Von Lieres has to
decide on the police dock-
et concerning the West-
dene bus disaster in which
42 school children of Vor-
entoe Hoérskool were
killed when the bus driv-
by Mr William Horne
Plunged into the West-
dene Dam at 2.30 pm on
March 27.

Yesterday people also
spoke with disgust of the
words sprayed in Black

1 paint on the newly
: erected concrete wall sur-
rounding the dam.

' Virtually at the spot
where the ill-fated bus
plunged into the water,
“BBB joins AWB (Afri-
, kaner Weerstandsbeweg-
ing)” was sprayed in huge
letters.

i ‘The leader of the AWB
Mr Eugene Terre

70

"Blanche last night ex-
his disgust at the
pamphlet and the slogan-
spraying on the dam wall.
Mr Terre’Blanche said
such acts shamed the con-

servative and Rightwing

spectrum in South Africa:

“Tt must be the work of
sick people. I think some-
body is trying to take re-
venge on the AWB.”

In the four-foolscap-
page pamphlet the BBB
claims: the organisation
has Proof of certain facts
goncerning the bus disas-

"Bot pote spokesman
said yesterday: “If the
mystery organisation has
certain facts, we are not
able to check on them be-
cause there is no address
given and nobody men-
tioned with whom we can
check.”

The BBB claims that
the organisation can
prove that “the Johannes-
burg municipality as well
as the South African Goy-

ernment are to blame for,

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

the circumstances which
resulted in the bus disas-
ter.”

The BBB also claims
the organisation has evi-
dence which they say is
also in possession of the
SA Police and ‘eyewit-
nesses about certain hap-
penings at the Westdene
Dam prior to the accident
on March 27.

Several families in
Triomf and Westdene,
whom The Citizen ap-
proached about the pam-
phlet yesterday, were up-

set as they feel “some-

“We are sure that none °

of the families whose chil-

dren were killed in the ac- |

cident wants to be asso-
ciated with the pam-

“Nor with the words
sprayed on the wall con-
cerning the Member of
Parliament for West-
dene,” Mr Pik Botha, a
disgusted father said last
night. an



Vasco and four friends fled
the village not knowing if their
brothers and sisters were still
alive. They took three days to
crosg the Kruger National
Park without food or water.

“We refugees are living in
fear of the police. We run from
family to family so that we
will not be found in one place,”:
said Vasco from his hideout.

- Two other young men also
considered themselves fortu-
nate after a nightmare journey
through the bush.

The men, known only as
Denis and Thomas, were reun-
ited in South Africa after their
village was dest: by Rena-
mo soldiers and they were,
forced to flee. ‘

They had reached South Afri- .

ca after two separate trips of.
terror alone in the Kruger’
- Park, where they feared attack
by wild animals.
Some of the Mozambicans

are fortunate to have family
across the border, others are

, taken in by the local people. {
Many manage to evade de-
tection in this way, ‘but others:
are given away by their ac-
cents and the distinctive polio

vaccination on their fore arm. !

No books

A man who did not want to
be named said, "I have taken
two girls into my family. They
came to us thin and naked. I

3400/599

79

pretend to the outside world
that they are my daughters”,

The villagers also claim the
refugee children as their own
in order to place them in
school.

Without reference books and
because of their illegal status
Mozambicans cannot hope to
be employed and therefore rely
on the goodwill of the local
people among whom they set-
tle.

Described as the “hidden ref
ugees”, they are also being
helped by the South African
Council.of Churches’ newly-
formed Division for Refugee

Ministry.
“Refugees coming to South

Africa do not have internation-

al refugee status and are there-

fore without rights or assis-.

tance. As there is no Unitedd
Nations High Commission for
Refugees in South Africa we’
have resolved to aid the refu-
gees and fill this gap”, said the
Rev Sol Jacobs, director of the
division.

Mr Jacobs described the,
50000 Mozambicans who have
been absorbed into the local
settlements as the ‘hidden refu-
gees‘ because they have been
lost without being detected.

“The refugees do not leave
Mozambique because they are
a rebel movement against Fre-
limo but because they fear the
hostility of Renamo,” he said.



249028

JPRS-SSA-85-067
1 August 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

jgoanete 118

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

Di SFHON STATEMENT A 1D
Approved for public release; “_
a, Distribution Unlimited _ ion

Ado



cSO:

3400/592

They know that their own emancipation from colonialism had no
meaning — nelther for themselves nor for their former colonisers —-

“while their brothers In Southern Africa continued to live under Por-

tuguese domination or Afrikaaner apartheld.

"And this very same logic applies to the Arab world faced with Israel's
Jnacceptable claims to Arab terrifory. No Arab country, however near or
‘far from the battlefield, will repaln unscathed, in its dignity If not in its
existence, by the conseauences Sf the annihilation of Palestine by Israet.

No Lebanese sect or section of the population can put Its own
‘national’ interest above and beyond the right of their Palestinian

neighbours to exist and to have a land of their own. The Lebanese

tragedy itself is she tragedy.of every neighbour to injustice, intransigence
‘military might. <*> sore , .
act's tactics with regard to its immediate neighbourhood are‘no‘dif-
ferent to South Africa's with regard to hers. Invasion, occupation: and
destabilisation are the common currency of these two nations which are
militarily powerful and committed to injastice. :

It Is a grave mistake for any Arab country or any Lebanese’ com-
faunity to believe that It can live in a separate peace with Israel by

.erushing the Palestinians or by driving them out of sight. Such a peace

is at best a subjugated truce and at worst a lull before another storms.

“The ONE most destabilising and dangerous factor in the Middle East
Is not the Palestinian struggle or presence in any single country; It is the
Israeli. military state, And this will remain so even after every
Palestinian will have been" hounded out of every camp in every Arab
country.

The only answer to Israeli aggression everywhere is Arab unity and a
single Arab Front to support and’ sustain the Palestintan resistance.
Onily then will there be peace — and honour — in every Arab homeland,

105



University Develops New Gold Extraction Method
(Kwaku Nehemia; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 28 Jun 85)........

Feeder Roads in Cocoa Areas Under Reconstruction
(Mavis Quaicoe; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 25. Jun 85)........

Briefs
Airport Tax Up
Sympathy for Immigrants Urged

KENYA
KANU Election Results in Surprising Results
(Robert Irungu, Mitch Odero; THE KENYA TIMES » 26 Jun 85)..
Moi Orders Surrender of All Illegal Guns
(THE KENYA TIMES, 22 Jun 85)... ...cceecccuececccccecceccaes
Religious Sect Ordered To Emigrate
(DAILY NATION, 28 Jun £0)
Government Issues White Paper on Unemployment
(Chander Mehra; E A REPORT ON TRADE & INDUSTRY, Jun 85)...
Briefs
Power Agreement Signed
Romanian Trade Agreement
LESOTHO
Radio Welcomes Publication of New Daily Paper
(Maseru Domestic Service, 10 Jul 85).....cccecccccecccccece
NAMIBIA

Possible Political, Economic Scenario at Independence Analyzed
(Lynda Loxton; BUSINESS HERALD, 20. Jun 85).....cececcececes

Shipanga Explains Baton Charge by Police in Katutura
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Jun 85)...cccccecccccecccecccecccnsceccese

SWAPO Intimidation Increases in Ovambo
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Jun 85).....cccceccccecccceccececceseeceus

Biographic Information on Moses Katjiuongua
(Noel Bruyns; CAPE TIMES, 17 Jun 85).....ccccccececccececes

Diamond Profit Tax Reportedly Went Into RSA Coffers
(THE CITIZEN, 26 Jun 85)....cccececccceccececcecevcececcecs

12

13

14

14

15

17

19

20.

23

23

24

26

29

30

31

33



JPRS~SSA~85~-067
1 August 1985

TANZANIA

STAPLE FOOD PRICES CONTINUE TO FALL
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 8 Jun 85 pl

[Text]

THE removal of roadblocks and
prospects for a good’ harvest this
season aré said to be major
reasons behind the recent
favourable consumer prices in the
country.

According to the Marketing
Development Bureau (MDB) of.
the Ministry of Agriculture and
Livestock Development, the com-
bined effect of the two has also
triggered increased quantity and
range of produce sent to markets.

A monthly market bulletin by
MDB made available in Dar es
Salaam yesterday said “the most
notable feature for the 1984/85,
marketing year has been the
evolution of maize prices in the
‘open markets,

“The removal of the roadblocks
earlier this year caused an i
tensified inter-regional trade *
maize and other commodities”,
the bulletin said ‘adding «that
“good rains and the prospects of a
bumper harvest made (peasants)
release their reserve stocks as
early as January and February
1985". :

The bulletin said maize prices
continued to go down in May
during which the average price
was 157/34 per tin or 6 per cent
below the April price. It said the
commodity was expensive in
Musoma and Tarime .where

Prices were around 290/- per tin. _

MDB has forecast, however,
that further price reductions were
not expected in the main
producing areas of the country
but it was hoped that the actual

CSO: 3400/592

price levels will be.. maintained
during the coming months.

Regarding rice, which the
bulletin said did not enjoy a price
evolution as was the case in
maize, MDB said the month of
May might have been the turning
point because prices fell back by 7
Per cent to 37/-’per kilo or 17 per
cent down compared to last year,

The bulletin said that in fact the
down-ward trend of rice prices
began. in March, this year, and
that it was expected it would con-
tinue over the coming months.

The most substantial price
reductions for rice were recorded
in’ the north-western and most
northern centres. The commodity
was most expensive in Musoma,
Tarime, Arusha and Mbeya
where prices were 47/50 per kilo
or more, “

Beans, another important
Protein source, continued to be
rather expensive at an average of
34/- per kilo, the bulletin pointed
out. It said market prices were
quite uniform over the country
and’ that two thirds of all the
markets reported prices between
25/- and 35/- per. kilo,

The commodity has m fact had
a rather ferent evolution
having experienced two periods
of sharp price increases since
August 1984 with prices fluc-
tuating between 32/- and 36/-
per kilo. .

“Because of the continued
strong demand for beans, prices
are not likely to go down much
in future and beans will further
be high-valued food commodity”,
the bulletin observed.

106

Among the cereals, sorghum
and millet - prices were also
characterised by much the same
hhuctuations as was the case with
mae and rice, during the
miiketing season.

llowever, the fall back in
prices after the 1983 increases
was more pronounced for the
(wo commodities and that prices
at the end of the 1984/85 season
were similar to those paid one
year before, whereas rice and
maize prices ‘in’ May this year
were well below last year's
prices, the bulletin said.

Sorghum averaged at 16/75
per kilo in May and millet 25/63
per kilo.’ The. millet prices dif-
fered sighificantly 'fromy region to
region and according to the
bulletin, the lowest prices of 6/-
per kilo was recorded in Sum-
bawanga while the highest price
of 55/- per kilo ‘was recorded in
Moshi.

The bulletin shows that onions
and tomatoes were up in price in
nearly all the markets with half of
them having recorded a price in-
crease tor onions of 10 per cent

“or 42/25 per kilo, 27 per cent
compared to April, or double last
year,

Tomatoes sold at 34/50 per
kilo on the average, a 24 per-cent
increase compared to April. The
commodity became a-lux in,
Morogoro at 90/- per kilo and i
was hardly affordable in Dar es
Salaam, Kahama. Kigoma and
Mtwara at prices above 50/- per
kilo,



Exodus

It appeared that Swapo's top leadership recognised that there would have to
be a prolonged transitional phase, particularly in view of the expected man-
power constraints following the exodus of skilled whites: and various Uw
studies had already been undertaken on the options open to a Namibian govern-
ment in determining development strategy.

"Quite apart from all these considerations, a Swapo government could face
direct leverage by South Africa, whether actual or potential, in view of South
Africa's likely retention of control over Walvis Bay."

Swapo’s leaders had already paid a great deal of attention to the mining in-
dustry--the bedrock of the Namibian economy-~and would "almost certainly seek
to renegotiate existing agreements, to provide for greater control and in-
crease its earnings".

But here the example of Zimbabwe was most likely to be followed with initial
selective state intervention involving equity participation in the existing
mining and other strategic industries, forming part of an overall re-negotia-
tion of the operating conditions for existing multinational-controlled
concerns.

The authors predicted that the relationship between a Swapo government and
British-based Rio Tinto Zinc, which operates Rossing uranium mine, could be
particularly problematic, to say the least.

A UN decree which has outlawed the exploitation of Namibia's natural resources
has been ignored by RTZ and other multinationals and Swapo is preparing a
damage claim against RITZ for its continued illegal operations in the territory.

The most likely scenario is that RTZ's equity interest in Rossing will be ter-
minated and perhaps replaced by a management contract. The same could happen
to De Beers, which controls the diamond industry. “For new mining projects,

a Namibian government is likely to look at joint ventures and form some type
of state mining organisation to negotiate with new partners.

Foreign firms which have not previously invested in Namibia will probably be
sought by preference in order to reduce the economy's present dependence on
the small number of multi-national and South African-based mining companies,
said the authors.

Ironically

In view of the current weakened state of the Namibian economy after five years
of drought and recession, the delay in the finalisation of Namibia's indepen-
dence might, ironically, mean that the new government will take over an econ-
omy in a slightly better state than would have been the case in the early
1980s, said the authors.

27



INKATHA SNUBS GOVERNMENT, MOVES CLOSER TO PFP

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 23 Jun 85 p 6

[t. ext] THE giant Inkatha movement moved away from the
Government and closer to the Progressive Federal Party this
week,

Inkatha, with a membership of one million, dashed
Government hopes that it would become an ally. Instead,
Inkatha has cemented its cordial relationship with the PFP,
now an actively multiracial party.

The kwaZulu Legislative Assembly this week resolved to ask
President P W Botha to defer his visit to kwaZulu, due to be
made later this year, until there were better prospects of con-
sensus on a shared future for all South Africans.

This came within days of a meeting between Chief Gatsha
Buthelezi, Chief Minister of kwaZulu and head of Inkatha, and
the PFP leader, Dr Frederik van Zyl Slabbert, at which they

: agreed there must be a Government declaration of intent on
power-sharing before negotiations on new constitutional
models could begin.

y
L Both parties believe in the need for a national convention to

‘negotiate a new system based on a single constitution, one
|-eltizenship and one franchise for all.

«Sle Datclel old Me Bota seed oe oo
Sp negate Ont a re about
Beton uations that he had had frequent
* with Mr Botha, ‘and sald that in the past four years
discussion and another

Deen only one al mnt

FE Two ‘go today to Cape Town ‘

yand practical Se
[golng were tobe construed as active co

operation
itimising white supremacy politics, I would rather ‘stay
b fhhome in Ulundi and fold my arms,” he said.

cso: 3400/600

86

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



WHITE STAFF STAYAWAY

“At one stage there was a 100 percent failure rate in his class. :
This sparked a month-long class boycott by students demanding his
dismissal.” The lecturer was later removed from by the Universi—
ty Council. :

@A new crisis developed when students sought the expulsion of

another lecturer, who was said to have failed students “unfairly”.

so a result, Students in the Roman Law faculty where the profes-
or was ion gan ‘ing classes. In Aj they were
joined by the entire student body. ting pril they

__ , During a demonstration, the lecturer was allegedly attacked with

acid. . 77
‘The next day the entire white staff stayed away from classes. In
addition to demanding the expulsion of the lecturer, students began

. boycotting classes in protest against the stayaway by white staffers.

@ On April 24 the university was closed indefinitely.

. “The SRC negotiated with the Rector and the university was
reopened on April 29,” said Mr Kekane, a third-year law student.
@On May 10, it shut down again after students boycotted classes,
seeking the scrapping of a subject known as class communication in
the Faculty of Education — because it was “meaningless and use-

jess”. .

‘On June 3, students won a major victory when the subject was
scrapped and the Roman Law professor was replaced. The students
returned to classes.

@ But the resumption of normality was shortlived. On June 10, stu-
dents stayed away from classes, demanding that another white lec-
turer, this time in the department of chemistry, be fired for alleged-
ly failing a high number of students. .

Students added a new grievance: that Mr Vusi Sepamla (23), Mr

Samuel Mamabolo (22) and Mr Goodman Socikwa (24) — charged
with the acid attack on the white lecturer — be granted bail. When
they were, the students returned to their desks.
@A few days later students in the business and economic depart-
ment boycotted classes, demanding that a white lecturer be dis-
missed for an alleged ‘high failure rate in his class, He was removed
on June 14.

The latest in the long list of student demands climaxed on June 16
when chaos erupted on the campus after the commemoration ser-
vice. Police moved in, and in the ensuing skirmish dozens were
wounded and one youth killed. . .

The school closed the next day for what the administration called
a “winter vacation”, even though students had not written their
mid-term examinations. . .

By yesterday, after the weekend graduation ceremonies, authori-
ties had still not indicated when classes would resume.

Unconfirmed reports say white staffers at Turfloop have threa-
tened to resign unless increased security is guaranteed.

During the ceremony on Friday, guest speaker Mr RJ Khoza,
a graduate and managing-director of Co-ordinated Mar-
keting, called for greater communication between students and
white lecturers. 2 —

“Student assertiveness could easily to mistaken for reckless ag:

ressiveness, ter maturity for arrogance,” he warn

. § “Thin are changing fast, Lecturers with attitudes of the 1960s
and early 1970s will invariably have problems relating to students
of the '80s. Adaptability is a crucial attribute.”

NONRACIAL APPROACH

This view was echoed by Mr Kekane and Mr Fatyela, who em-
phasised that students were not against whites per se, but “we have
genuine grievances, and our approach is based on a nonracial con-

81



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

GHANA

RESIDENCE PERMIT, VISA FEES REVISED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 28 Jun 85 pp 1, 5

[Text] Fees charged for entry permits/visas and residence permits have been
revised to be in line with what Ghanaians are being charged elsewhere for
similar services.

A statement signed by the Secretary for the Interior, Mr Kofi Djin, said the
new fees take immediate effect.

For Commonwealth countries, Entry Permit (Ordinary) costs 650, Transit ¢500
or its equivalent in convertible currency, Extension of Visitor's Permit ¢300,
Multiple Reentry Permit ¢@650, multiplied by the number of months granted,
Residence Permit will now cost ¢1,500 and Renewal of Residence Permit for
Commonwealth countries submitted within one month of date of expiration ¢1,000.

For other nationals, ordinary visa will cost ¢1,000 or $19. Austria and Egypt
will attract no fees, Transit visa ¢650, Extension of Visitor's Permit ¢600,
Multiple Reentry Permit ¢1,000 multiplied by the number of months granted;
Residence Permit £2,000 and Renewal of Residence Permit submitted within one
month of date of expiration ¢1,500.

All ECOWAS nationals except Liberia will pay nothing for ordinary visa. Entry
visa for all ECOWAS nationals will also attract nothing.

For Liberian nationals the embassy will collect equivalent of $20. Visitor's
Visa for up to 90 days, Transit Visa and Multiple Reentry Permit will all
attract no fee.

Others are Residence Permit #1,000; Extension of Residence Permit ¢500; Permit
for Mining Areas (Prohibited Areas) ¢,1000; Renewal of Prohibited Area Permit
#500; Aliens Registration Certificate #500; and sale of quota Vetting Forms
¢500.

Additional quota Forms will cost ¢500; Naturalisation Fee ¢1,000; Citizenship
by Birth (Registration) ¢500 and Citizenship Renunciation £1,500.

All visitors, residents and holders of permits for the Prohibited Area
(Mining Area) who overstay their permits will be made to pay for the permit
fee multiplied by each day of period overstayed, the statement said.

cso; 3400/610



ce) The social message dwelt on the equality of all human beings,
men, women, and children, without distinction of race, religion,
ethnic origin, age, or sex. It preached love for one's neighbor:
mutual help, solidarity, charity. That was reflected in the com-
munity feasts at the times when sacrifices were offered along with
prayers for rain. Hospitality was also given high place among the
virtues. Alsinsiitowe's message also preached unity in diversity,
respect for others in their otherness.

d) The economic message preached gradual abandonment of peanut~
farming, which was destroying forests and sacred woods and has-
tening the encroachment of the desert. It called for a return to
traditionally diversified crops: rice, manioc, sweet potatoes,
beans, fonio, millet, etc. Queen Alinsiitowe urged the people to
set aside rice against hard times: "I see a time coming when the
skies will be shut and we shall no longer have enough water to
reconstitute our reserve stores as in the old times." She sugges~
ted planting rice early because of the scant rainfall, which would
decline even further. She advised against growing-peanuts because
sthey todk a lotof the people's time and attention and would soon
bring very poor prices.

e) Her political message set Queen Alinsiitowe in direct opposi-
tion to the French colonial administration. At a time when France,
cut off from Indochina and Madagascar, was requisitioning rice from
Casamance to feed the people of the Cape Verde Peninsula and espe-
cially the 35,000-man direct~support’ installation’ at Dakar,
Alinsiitowe was telling her countrymen to store up. rice’ against’ an
impending time of drought. While the colonial planter enforced
discipline in the peanut fields with riding-crop or prison, Alinsi-
itowe was anathemizing peanuts as food for slaves, grown by slaves
for slaves to eat, and a prime cause of deforestation.

Vanquished though it might be, France had no intention of giving
up its colonies. But Alinsiitowe spoke: "I see a time coming,

not too long from now, when the White man who rules us will de-
part and return power to the sons of the country who will wield it;
then the taxes and the forced labor that weary us will vanish; then
we shall wonder what to do with all these peanuts they leave on our
hands, because nobody will buy them .any more."

Aliniistowe was exiled on 29 January 1943. Since then, her country-—
men have been petitioning for her return home. That petition was
presented to Senghor during a memorable meeting: he turned a deaf
ear to it. Subsequent.to a lecture given on 23 August 1980 at the
Dakar Chamber of Commerce by Abbe Augustin Diamacoune Senghor on
the subject of Queen Aninsiitowe's message, a few men of good will
persuaded the International Red Cross to: investigate the question.
However, when in August 1981 a CRI delegation from Geneva arrived,
it was turned back and refused permission to enter Dakar.

51



{Article by Bruce Cameron]

[Text]

: Language is one of the key elements in education and
; there is considerable concern that, with the scray
provincial

system;-English could be-
Federal Party MP

eect ele ors agi ngage

and for the
jamunity of South Africa. -

But Minister of Education and Culture Mr Stoffel
+ Botha rejects this.
. Mr Botha said in an interview that, slthongh educa
‘tion was being removed from provincial government
_and would fall under ‘he éontrol of his department,
there would be maximum decentralisation of power.
© Control of. education is to be removed from the

‘provinces next ‘when’ provincial executives be-
:come mult bodies dealing with “general affairs”.
Education is one of the matters which in National
Party eyes must remain racially pure and very much
-an “own affair”.
. REGIONAL ‘PECULIARITIES’ ©
In restructuring the education system, Mr Botha said,
-his department was taking a number of factors into
consideration.
One was to bring the control of education as close
to the people as possible.
Another was to take account of peculiarities of re-
gions, “which must be respected and retained”. Uni-
‘ori sona notte a target bt nly someting io get
of stupid differences such as the treatment of private
"Sohoats (sation ne supports)

cso: 3400/597

93

JPRS~SSA-85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ENGLISH MAY BE VICTIM OF NEW SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Jun 85 p 22

£ fo achieve these targets, is already in
the process of planning sducatlonsl couscts which
be established on basis.

t would a provincial
Various organisations will be invited to nominate
"people for the bodies.

‘The entire top structure of the new department has
ie: ition, despite numerous

The earnest ene by te flrmer ravi

“chief edationdrestor Professor 3 Sooste..

‘One of his deputies is Professor A’ Stone, a former
chairman of the right-wing Afrikaans Ouers'

ing and a prominent parti im the formation 8
ing icipant
the Volkswag,

: OUTSIDER APPOINTMENTS .
je-gfhe other recentl Pr . fs.Mr.Chris
iBlecte, former half of the Natal Afrikaans Teach-

‘Mr Burrows said the Government had powers to

iapprincatsders when p .

. "This system had been uséd in nearly every. other
Government department, he said, to in technocrats
fand he saw no reason why it could not used now to
[bring ‘an English-speaking eucationst into & senior
position.
rf ‘Mr Burrows said that, though the Government talked
Sof whites having aecommon value system and world
“view, this was not correct.

If it. were consistent in its’ the Government
“would have totally separate tion systems for Eng-
and Afrikaans children.

ae He was not for bat more eutur
“al control — ter an Govestmnent control



to point the weapon and line up the top
of the reference with the target to obtain
a correct aim. The sight can be adjusted
in increments of 25 m between 50 m and
375 m; it can also be used in bad light
owing to an integrated light source which
has a life of ten years.

This grenade launcher is easy to han-
dle and to maintain and it is protected by
an anti-corrosion surface treatment which
is then covered by a dry-film lubricant.
Its minimum safe range in combat is
30 m (80 m during training) and its max-
imum effective range is 150 m for pin-

point targets or 375 m for area suppres- °

sion. It can fire a range of ammunition
including anti-personnel (HE) projectiles
(lethal radius 5 m), anti-armour HEAT
Projectiles, smoke grenades. illuminating
and signalling flares, and inert projectiles.

Single-shot 37 mm launcher

The 37 mm“Stopper” launcher, which
was developed from the previous 40 mm
model, differs from it mainly in its
smooth-bore barrel, calibre, sight and in-
tended use. It is generally employed by
police anti-riot units and personnel on
guard and surveillance duties. Apart from
different tupes of flares, it can fire cylin-
drical rubber projectiles, tear-gas, or stun
charges. It is therefore a weapon whose
lethal power has intentionally been limit-
ed and which can cause only minor
damage to installations around the tat-
get in the case of a miss. Instead of ai
sophisticated sight like the OEG, it has,
simple, mechanical sights consisting of i

black notch and a front blade zeroed at
50 m. although the effective range caf
be up to 100 m in optimum conditions
(250 m maximum range). Except for its
dimensions, the “Stopper” closely resem-
bles the 40 mm launcer in appearance.

Six-shot semi-automatic 40 mm;
launcher

The third South African designed launch:
er is a more complicated weapon. Its
semi-automatic operation enables the
gunner to fire six shots at a rate of more
than one shot per second if he finds him-
self in a critical situation. This launcher

is designed both for conventional com- *

bat and for anti-guerilla action. It is

72

* equipped with an OEG aiming system.

identical to the single-shot version, allow-
ing swift and accurate target acquisition
and rapid firing reaction.

Operation and safety

The weapon uses the revolver principle,
with the difference that the six-chamber
cylinder, which is under the tension of a
torsion spring, is activated to turn by the |
propellant gases working on a piston, |
linked to a drive ratchet on the cylinder.
This operating mode, which makes the
firing of a fresh round possible only after
the correct firing of the previous round,
is very safe because it prevents any ac-
cidental explosion, due to a hangfire, of
aibund not aligned| with the barrel. If a |
grenade fails to fire, the trigger mechan-
ismi.can be worked Once or twice on the |
deféctive round. If ipsa does not go off.
it'should be treated as a hangfiré and the
guhner should keep the launcher point-
dion the target for'80 seconds as a safe-
ty precaution. If it sfill fails to ignite, it is
treated as a misfire. The cylinder may
théh be advanced manuaily by pushing
a:knob to align the, Hext chambet with the

‘i
belrel. Py

oy
Construction -

Five assemblies make up the grenade
launcher:

1: The steel barrel, which has a right-
hand progressive rifling twist. The front
grip’ is attached to the barrel.

25 The cylinder, which is machined from
light alloy. i

32 The steel body, which is in two parts.
The first accomodate the barrel and in-
cludes the main beam, the front shield
with the cylinder and the piston. The se-
cond is suspended on the main beam
arid can be hinged to the right. It con-
sists of the rear shield, the pistol-grip and
the trigger mechanism.

4, The OEG, the base of which is fixed
‘to the beam by two screws. | -

5, . The two-arm folding stock: which can

. be-folded over the top of the’ weapon.

Handling and utilisation

The safety is engaged by moving the left
or the right lever. and then the cylinder



DIAMOND PROFIT TAX REPORTEDLY WENT INTO RSA COFFERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Jun 85 p 9

[Text]

cso:

WINDHOEK: — South
fest African diamonds
‘were sold through an in-
'rermediary company in
‘South Africa to ensure
jthat profits were made
‘and taxed in the Repub-
lic, the Thirion commis-
sion of inquiry into the
misapplication of State
‘funds and resources heard
in Windhoek yesterday.

‘The chief evaluator of
the Diamond Producers
Association (DPA), Mr
Fred Rossouw, told in
evidence beforé the com-
missioner, Mr Justice P W
Thirion of Natal, how dia-
monds mined by Consoli-
dated Diamond Mining
Company (CDM) at
Oranjemund were even-
tually marketed through
the De Beers-controlled
Central Selling Organisa-
_ tion (CSO) in London.

None of SWA’s dia-
monds were stockpiled in
the territory.

“CDM diamonds are of
a very high quality and
present marketing condit-

5 Jons are such that we do

not sell many high quality
* diamonds,” Mr Rossouw

3400/617

said.

About 50 percent of
CDM’s diamonds were
sold and the rest were
stockpiled in Kimberley
before shipment to Lon-
don.
Mr Rossouw, who is
also the accredited agent
of the Diamond Board for
SWA (Diboswa), said ar-
rangements for the mar-
keting of CDM’s diamond
production had been in
existence for about 50
years -— since the forma-
tion of the DPA in 1934.

Diboswa’s responsibili-
ties for CDM diamonds
were carried out through
the DPA to the Diamond
Purchasing and Trading
Company (Pty) Ltd,
registered in South
Africa.

Sorting’ of diamonds
was conducted by CSO
evaluators in Kimberley
and checked by Mr Ros-
souw against. ay
sample of the foreign
registered Diamond
Trading Company (Pty)
Ltd which had set a stan-
dard selling assortment.

33

That company in turn
supplied diamonds to the
cso.

According to earlier
evidence, SWA had lost
an estimated R2,65 bil-
lion in diamond ferrous
ore reserves through
over-mining by CDM to
imeet the quota demands
of the De Beers parent

ployee, Mr Gordon
Brown, who had been
technical assistant to the
general manager at
Oranjemund, said the
practice had shortened
the life of the mine by 13
years.

The Oranjemund dig-
gings would not be econ-
comically viable after
1992.

“CDM projections to
the end of the life of the
mine show’ a last: profit
boost in 1988 to 1989 for
technical reasons and the
closure of the. mine in
1992,” he said.

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

NAMIBIA



for the demands voiced spontaneously by the people in the course
of all the uprisings. The prime value of this manifesto is that
it sums up and condenses into a few pages the underlying ¢ causes
and the true nature of the Casamance rebeliion. -

The roots of the Casamance movement are listed in peremptory form,
but are nevertheless invariably stated in detail. On the one hand,
the emphasis is put on the historical and social origins of the
uniqueness of Casamance. On the other, the document lays heavy
stress on the inability of successive Senegalese governments to
grasp and allow for the region's needs. This is reflected in the
systematic under-exploitation of the region's economic potential,
the mounting instances of failure by intervention companies and
development plans, the chronic inadequacy of infrastructures and
the growing Senegalization of the administration, the fisheries,
trade, and land. In this presentation, only the interpretation
of historic events seems open to question. These are indeed the
practical roots of the discontent, of the disputes the peoples
have with the government. But -- and this is the essential ques-
tion :-- what populations are they talking about?

The key question at issue is the nature of the movement. Is it
ethnic? Tribal? Regional? Even nationalist? These are the
questions that arise out of these rebellions. The document
proffered by the nationalist movement enables us to reply without
ambiguity to these questions. By trying too hard to prove that
this movement reflects the emergence of Casamance-style nationa-
lism, the author of the document inadvertently demonstrates that
the "Casamance problem" is first and foremost that of a single
group in Basse Casamance: the Diola. Throughout the entire text,
the term "Casamancais" is in fact equated with the term "Diola
(Islam, peanuts, rice-fields, forests, fisheries...). While the
Diola culture is always the reference base-line, there is not even
a passing allusion to the other groups that make up Casamance,
despite that they are the majority to the east of Ziguinchor: the
Mandingo, for one, and the Peul. As for the claim that Casamance
historically stretched from the Atlantic to the Faleme River, it
is an entirely new intellectual artifact, which uses the effects
of a temporary and totally arbitrary colonial arrangement to add
some semblance of suitable geographic scale to its demands. In
short, it is certain for the present that what is called the
Casamance problem is in fact that of the Basse-Calamance (which

is Diola country). Rooted in real social peculiarites, the risings
were precipitated by the behavior of the government which was in-
terested solely in exploiting resources to benefit the rest of the
country, while doing nothing whatever to develop the region itself.
The current phase is one of ideological warfare, which is exactly
what this document describes. Decidedly, nothing is settled.

Dominique Darbon
Harare, 14 January 1985

45



cso:

3400/624

“police picked up in De-/
cember'1982 on suspicion;
. Of holding an illegal Po,
itical meeting.

«Mr Smith, " said“

. group had gathered for an.

art exhibit and all 20
released without charge.

tion: “The government, i
through the policy of Te-, i
conciliation, wanted to!
unite with the Whites, but '
4 this week's elections show,
that most of them do not’
+ want to do so,” he said
‘during a campaign stop
while stumping for votes
in Monday and Tuesday’ Ss,
* Black election. ° 4 t
+ For two years, and per-,
: haps three beyond that,
the Whites can deny the:
country’s true power bro-’
ker, Prime Minister Ro-
bert Mugabe, two of his
most cherished political
dreams — a one-party,
state and abolition of the
20 seats -reserved for
Whites in the National
, Assembly.
: .Mr Smiths’ Conserva-
tive Alliance of Zim-
babwe victory with 15 of

114

[the 20 seats the Rival in-
dependent Zimbabwe
Group’s four seats and

~, one nonaligned Indepen-
“dent, gave Mr Smith con-
* trol of 15 Percent of the
votes in the 100-member
National Assembly and
; the right to name 10
members to sit in the 40-
., member Senate. 5

Under the — British-
drafted constitution
which this former colony
of Rhodesia inherited
when it became indepen-
; dent and Black majority
* ruled Zimbabwe in 1980,
. Whites were given one-
;» fifth of the seats in Parlin:

A ment. .

1

+ Until 1987, only a

+ unanimous vote by the
National Assembly —-
which is highly unlikely —
can abolish the reserved

* seats for Whites;

After 1987 and until
1990, it would take a 70
Percent vote to take away
the seats. But come 1990,
the constitution is to be
redrawn by the new Black
tulers and the provision
can simply be discarded.

:

JPRS-SSA~85~067
1 August 1985



labor, military service, etc. Not to know that is to be unable to
talk about or understand Casamance resistance, active or passive,
that has endured since 1645, and which is not all that different
from the "Reconquest" of the Iberian Peninsula from 732 to 1492.

That explains the disappointment, the irritation, not to mention
the tantrums and the wrath of Governor-General van Vollenhoven as
he wrote.in exasperation to Lieutenant-Governor Levecque on 17 No-
vember 1917: "We are not masters of Basse-Casamance, we are barely
tolerated here... Something must be done so that Casamance will no
longer be an ugly wart on the colony of which it should be the
jewel."

Queen Alinsiitowe's Message

The Casamance resistance has always been everybody's business --
men's, women's children's alike. The Kasa rising during the se-
cond world war is understandable if you know that at the time we
were forced to pay five different taxes: on silver, honey, rubber,
rice, and on cattle, not to mention the other forced labor and the
hunt for the tse-tse flies that we had to bring home alive in bot-
tles. The psychological climate conditioned the populations to
heed the message from Queen Alinsiitowe.

Let us tell you who our heroine was. Alinsiitowe, from Cabrousse,
was a domestic servant in Dakar when she heard voices entrusting
her with the mission of telling her brothers to resist any and all
forms of oppression by the colonizer. She tried in vain to beg

off, but in the end she returned to Cabrousse and did as her voi-
ces commanded her. Hunted by the French, she surrendered to pre-
vent thedestruction of her village, and was deported first to Saint-
Louis, then to Timbuktu.

Queen Alinsiitowe's message was religious, cultural, social, econo-
mic, and political: °

a) The religious message called for clinging to dogma, to mora-
lity, to the liturgy bequeathed us by our ancestors in the tradi-
tional religion, known as animism. It also called for restoration
of the traditional 6-day week and scrupulous obedience to the rule
of rest on the sixth day, called "Huyiay," or "Royal Day." That
reminder contributed to the retention and enrichment of the anti-*
phonary in animist liturgy. Queen Alinsiitowe demanded continua-
tion of and scrupulous respect for the traditional religious Hier-
archy.

b) The cultural message called for preservation or restoration of
all the values, all the sound heritage left us by our ancestors:
oral literature (proverbs, stories, songs) the arts (sculpture, bas-
ketry, pottery), clothing, food, leisure time, all the old ways,
habits, and customs. That fidelity did not bar acceptance of all
wholesome outside input.

50



The Voice of Casamance

The Senegalese government and its Casamance valets have succeeded
in persuading the rest of the world that the events in Casamance
were a phenomenon confined to the Diola people, whereas, on 26
December 1982, more than 100,000 Casamancais of all-.ethnic groups
had marched and demonstrated in a procession that stretched over
more than 3 kilometers along the Boulevard Edouard Diatta, which
in actuality is the highway between Ziguinchor and Oussouye, and
hence conveniently marked off in kilometers.

In a patently political move, the Senegalese government systematically
dismissed all demonstrators from other ethnic groups who had demanded

to be jailed with their Diola brothers. By laying heavy emphasis

on the fact that the Diola are a majority in Basse~Casamance, the

government duped the world into thinking that the events were entirely

their doing, whereas the nationalist moverent has spread throughout

all of historical Casamance, from the Atlantic to the Faleme, from
Diembering to Kedougou, from Kafountine to Bakel, from Diogue to Tambacounda.

Portuguese and French

The word "Casamance" is derived from the name of the country in

the Diola, Kasa: kasamu Aku , which is to say "land of the
waterways," or more procisely, "land rising out of the great waters
(the River Casamance is in fact called the "Kawungha": derived

from the word Husamu = river, and meaning "great river"). This
makes it Diola country par excellence, surrounded as it is by the
Gambia, and Casamance rivers, Rio Cacheu, Rio Geba, etc. Kasamu Aku
us to this day much more commonly used among our Diola brothers

in Guinea-Bissau.

Governor Honorio Pereira Baretto, who was in office in Bissau in
the middle of the 19th century, noted that, according to what he
had read in old Portuguese documents, the Casamance was the first
river the Portuguese sailed upstream from the West Coast of Africa.
It was in 1645 that Gonzalo Gamboa Ayala established the trading
posts at Farim and Ziguinchor. To the latter, the Portuguese gave
a motto packed with meaning for the Casamance resistance: "Invicta
felix!" (Happy and Unbowed).

That Portuguese presence officially came to an end on Sunday 22
April 1888, at 0807 hours. The French took over from the Portu-
guese and administered the colony, and appointed Senegal as trus-
tee. It is fair to say, though, that Casamance was never subju-
gated: the last of the veterans of the Kasa rising of 1942 did
not come out of hiding in the maquis until 1962. ~

French penetration in Casamance began in 1836. On 22 January of
that year, the King of Cagnout gave the French permission to set
up camp on Carabane Island. There was no sale involved: among

true Diolas, the land is inalienable. The Diola makes his land
available to anyone who asks permission to build, plant, or cul-

46



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RIGHTWING PROBLEMS FOR VOORTREKKERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Jul 85 p 4

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

‘THE Voortrekker Move- 1983 led to widespread tics are excluded. This
ment is not bound to sup- speculation about his fu- .. was so in the past and is
port the views expressed ture.as Voortrekker lead- still so.”
by Professor Carel Bo- er, with calls for him to Regarding the _far-
shoff when he acts within step down. 2 Right involvement of Prof
‘other organisations, says At the time the Voor- _ Boshoff, the executive
the Voortrekker — ex- “trekker executive said it- ° says: “The executive
ecutive in a report to the was a democratic: organi- notes the controversy sur-
four-yearly congress of sation which chose its rounding the leader in
the “movement, taking leaders through free elec- fields outside the Voor-
place in Stellenbosch. tions. These leaders could trekker movement ‘and
While expressing con- also be leading figures in expresses its concern that
cern at the controversy other organisations. this controversy may be
surrounding Prof Bo- Inits report to the Stel- carried into the move-
shoff’s actions in other or- lenbosch congress, the ex- ment.
ganisations, the executive ecutive said there were “The executive again
says his activities are not fundamental and ideol- emphasises that leaders
counter to Voortrekker cogical differences _be- owe one another mutual
principles. . tween Afrikaners and —oyalty and must Protect
T ere
Prof Boshotf was Broe-  Yymsedursly also among one, another
Merbond chairman and “It cannot be expected
executive member of the It remained the pri- that the views of a leader
fFederasie van Afrikaanse mary task of the Voor- _are at all times d
‘Kultuurverenigings trekkers in this period of by all members of the or-
FAK), before taking the Afrikaner Division to be _ganisations in which he
adership of the new uninvolved and neutral. serves. The executive em-
it-wing body, the “Precisely because the ‘phasises that it is not
fl wag. movement provides this bound to the views of the
_ Although now out of service to the Afrikaner Voortrekker leader
10s¢ two bodies, he re- parent it may not and will ‘where he acts within bod-
‘mains within the Volks- not allow itself to be mis- des outside of the Voor-
wag, -Voortrekkers and used by any other body, trekkers.”
the South African Bureau Pressure group or individ- The election of a leader
‘of Racial Affairs (SA- ual. : of the Voortrekkers for
‘BRA). . “The — Voortrekkers the next four years is due
Events __ surrounding move in an purely cultural © to be held tomorrow
Prof Boshoff in August field in which party poli- morning.
cso: 3400/622

75



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POWER OF BROEDERBOND BROKEN

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 23 Jun 85 p 6

[Text]

cso:

“THE power of the Broederbond has been bro-
* ken: political reforms are taking place with

scant regard for its decisions.
This has em from a confidential. Broe-

derbond circular leaked by a disgruntled mem- * -

ber of the Afrikaner secret organisation. The
circular shows that the Government had decided .
to abolish the race-bar sex laws before the
Broederbond made a decision on the issue. :

In February this year the Broederbond execu- '
tive appointed a committee which was to report

3400/600

85

” pack on the desirability of abolishitig the two

sex Acts. But before that came the repeal.

The Broederbond executive hastily decided to
endorse the abolition. Only one member of the
executive voted against the decision...

The Government's snub is in contrast
to the days when policy was effectively made by,
the organisation. Under the administration of
Governnest his systematically placed less re

ronment. f re-
liance on guidelines from the lerbond and
has taken the initiative in its own hands.



[Question] In your opinion, what future awaits the nomad popula-
tions of Niger, so sorely stricken by the drought? Isn't the
disappearance of the cultural traditions of these small peoples
a loss to your country?

[Answer] The plight of the African nomads is similar, in a way,

to that of certain European peoples who vanished because they were
swallowed up or scattered in the process of creation of certain
European nations. With them died all their cultural traditions.
The abolition of nomadism among the Blue People of the desert, or
Touaregs, turned them into culturally rootless souls.“" We are ab-
solutely committed to the‘orderly, phased approach to their perma-
nent settlement. The first reason is economic: in fact, some of
our nomads have been resettled in the mining cities. The second
is the drought that forces the rest of the population to regroup
in settlements around the watering-holes and, consequently, to
change the way they live.

Could we have abandoned these people, left them to contemplate
their starving camels in the name of protecting cultural traditions?
Or was it our duty to give them a new pattern for living?

[Question] What are your reactions to Paris-Dakar's traversing
your territory? Would you let them do it again?

[Answer]. It's a bunch of fake folklore that is good for nothing
except to get publicity for its organizers. This is not a "caravan
of hope": it is a caravan of despair whose. passage does nothing
but churn-up moré dust! :

No. We shall not let them through again... unless the organizers
take steps to clean up the rules for this race and make changes
beneficial to the people of Niger.

6182

CSO: 3419/451

40



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

IRAN DONATES TENTS--The Red Crescent of the Islamic Republic of Iran has
donated 10 tents and 100 blankets to the Tanzania Red Cross Society. The
tents and blankets were presented yesterday by Iranian Ambassador to Tanzania
Seyed Mohammad Ali Lavasani on behalf of the Red Crescent to the Chairman of
TRCS, Ndugu Henry Limihagati, at a short ceremony held at TRCS headquarters
in Dar es Salaam. Lavasani pledged more tents, blankets, medicines and other
essential items needed in running TRCS activities from its Iranian counter~
part, Ndugu Limihagati thanked the Ambassador and the Red Crescent of Iran
for their donation and appealed for more support and the strengthening of
bilateral relations between the TRCS and the Red Crescent. [Text] [Dar es
Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 19 Jun 85 p 3]

cso: 3400/595

110



JPRS~SSA- 85-067

1 August 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Nine States Sign Antipollution Treaty
(DAILY NATION, 23 Jun 85)...ecceesceccccevvcccecccccesseee

ANGOLA
Briefs
Ninth Anniversary of Navy
Vigilance Brigades Visit
BOTSWANA

Reasons for Gaborone Attack Discussed
(CAPE TIMES, 17 Jun 85)...ceeeeececcccerceesccrscccccereees

Masire on Refugees, Gaborone Attack
(THE CITIZEN, 22 Jun 85)..cceccceccceccccccncccescesencceee

Gaborone Security Forces Reportedly Deliberately Delayed Action
(Geoffrey Allen; CAPE TIMES, 17 Jun 85)..--.+eeeeeeececeeee

ETHIOPIA

Briefs
Rights for Kunama People

GHANA

Residence Permit, Visa Fees Revised
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 28 Jun 85)...seeecesescecereercecs

Foreign Currency Accounts Gain Approval
(Wendy Asiama, Koho Sam; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC,

27 Furr 85) scsccccccceeccececececccccesasaseesaceneccccareee

10



state ad emani that it désist immediately from such attacks "upon its ~
neighbours, the Wanton murder of their citizerts and those victims of
apartheid to whom theyhave given the refuge, and from its attempts to
lestabilise independent Affican states.”
Pi .eIn Gaborone, Botswana President Quett Masire said yesterday that he
will call for a UN Security Council debate on the attack by the Sputh African
troops. + 7 ~

CSO: 3400/592

103



ne

bureaucratic monster is beginning to
crumble.

- The frony is that this Government is
accelerating this disintegration by be-
ginning to restore freedom of associa-
. tion in some areas of our life while en-
trenching it yet further in others.

On the very day Mr Chris Heunis
guides legislation through the House
COMPELLING people to participate
in local and regional structures in
terms of the dictates and logic of the
Group Areas Act, the State President
wraps up this first full session of the
tricameral Parliament by blandly de-
claring that one should not force ee.
ple to associate in groups against their
will,

As Mensch would say: “Whoo boy,
are we confused!”

cso: 3400/598

63



Senegalese Colonialism

The Senegalese, worthy heirs to the White colonialists from whom
they took over, wonderfully and radically outclassed them.

To beat down our resistance, they set about killing our forests
which are at once natural fortresses and sources of subsistence
with their fruits, their flowers, their leaves, their roots, and
their edible tubers. What is far worse, they set about taking
over and destroying our age-old matural-rice-fields which, year
in and year out, yielded rice in ample sufficiency, That self-
sufficiency made the Casamancais freer and more independent. That
was not what the new occupiers had in mind when they dangled the
advantages of a policy of dams before the eyes of the unimpressed
peoples of the "land of rivers": a mountain of plans, files, pro-
jects labored mightily, and brought forth a mouse of meaningless
and disgusting models. Should that policy prevail, the natural
rice-fields which the local people control would be replaced by
dams in the hands of the Senegalese masters, in a position from
that day forward to starve us at will.

All of this reveals a failure to understand the Diola society.
Some have alleged that this society is anarchic. Everyone is
etititled to his own opinion. But,..thanks to the solidity and
flexibility of its structures, in this remote land of forests
and rivers, what is supposed to be the weakness of the Diola
society has instead built its strength and its will to hope in
the face of any invader, be he black or white.

The defeat of one of us, even if he were a king, did not necessa-
rily entail: the submission of all. That was discovered at Oussouye
in January 1903, when King Sihalebe Diatta was sent into perpe-
tual exile. The high priest of Oussouye, Diamuyo Diatta, joined
forces with Hulikabang, alias Fode Kaba II, King of Kaluhaye, in
Portuguese Guinea, and together they dealt the French and the
Portuguese some stinging defeats that.are not- adequately chro-
nicled in the archives.

Every good Diola must be a good warrior, a good farmer, a good
maker ‘of palm wine, a good hunter, good with hiis hands, an artist,
a musician, and good at. dancing and sports.

Since wrestling is the king of sports, it is hardly surprising
that, in Kasa country, the young girls from all neighborhoods get
together to organize wrestling meets and demonstrations that draw
large audiences.

The Diola is a man who loves the law, who admires even-handedness,
and is devoted to liberty, independence and -- why not? -~ peace,
which he stands ready to defend with his life.

Anything that seemed, rightly or wrongly, to endanger these prin-

ciples was rejected out of hand: foteign influence, Christianity,
Islam, colonization, school attendance, hospitals, taxes, forced

49



MEIRING HOLDS PRESS CONFERENCE ON SWATF STRENGTH,

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 27 Jun 85 p 19

[Text]

cso:

con

details ‘of South,
Africa’s order war with.
the South-West African,
People’s Organisation,
which is about.

£450 000 a day were dis-;
closed yesterday by Ma-
Jor-General George,
Melring, the hesd of the
South African Defence’
Force in Namibia and!
the South-West African’
Territortal Force,"
General Meiring, who’
spoke at a Press briefing’
in Windhoek said’ that:
there were up to 40 000:
South African and Na-(
mibian soldiers on she |
Angolan border, 61 pet-
cent of them were Nami- ;
bian. eg a
+ The Namibian Secte-:i
tary of Finance, Dr Jo-i
han Jones, later: esti-¥
mated that the war;j
which started in 1966,)
was costing South Africa?
about £140 million. #:
year and the Namibian?
Government between:
and £35. mallion

3400/619

¥7 General Meiring said)
the South-West ‘
“Territorial Force * iow}
‘numbered 21 000; At!
:the same briefing, Colo-'
inel Johan Vorster ‘said
“61 percent. of the sol-
‘diers in

y black." #
Both men

itary tide ‘was ‘turning’
;4gainst Swapo. General’
iMeiring estimated the!
military strength of:
Swapo at 8'500, of
whom 1 500 were poten-:
tially active guerrillas, A.
further 3 400 guerrillas '
were. being used to fight.
Unita, the rebel move-;
ment in Angola. °°" "7
: | He said ‘that army;
‘units had killed or cap-)
tured 346 Swapo guerril-'
las this year and 584 last.
year. He estimated that!
‘there were about. 220,
guerrillas inside : Nami-
ban 4
ic An éncout ig. de-:
:velopment in the war
twas that the local popu-!
lation was increasingly*

98

IPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SWAZILAND

SWAPO

‘giving information tot
the defence force <al:!
‘though he admitted they

‘were paid ‘for it. Re}
cently, when 225 vacan-§
cies for Ovambo soldiers:
‘were advertised, more{
than 3 000 applied. r
{ “The overall objective!
! was political power and

; “the primaty role of a
, terrorist is political.”?
iCol Vorster said wath
;“good government” waé:

the way to neutralise the!
tevolutionary move-!
ment.

. He predicted that;
Swapo would split from!
‘its army, the Plan,}
‘within “the next couple;
of years.” When the!
Plan was an embarrass-i
ment to Swapo, the rev-5
{olutionaty war would’
pend and Swapo “will!
rhavé to become a politi-*
;¢al organisation again
:and become one of the
(35: political parties in,
-Namibia, Then the
democratic colution will
over.” panier



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

KENYA

BRIEFS

POWER AGREEMENT SIGNED--Kenya and Canada have signed a memorandum of under-
standing. to undertake a project involving the overhaul and rehabilitation of
the Kipevu Steam Plant in Mombasa. The project is designed to repair and
replace older equipment at Kipevu so as to ensure a continued reliable source
of power for Coast area. .By the terms of the agreement, Canada--through the
Canadian International Development Agency--will provide engineering services
and equipment to the amount of Canadian $5,622,600 (about Sh66,346,000).
[Text] [Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 22 Jun 85 p 9]

ROMANIAN TRADE AGREEMENT--Kenya and Romania have signed a trade agreement
under which both countries will buy goods worth £5 million from each other
annually, Mr Peter Okondo, the Minister for Commerce and Industry, said on

May 21. He said the possibility of barter trade between the two countries
should also be looked into. Under the agreement, between the Kenya National
Trading Corporation (for the Government) and the Terra Organisation of Romania,
Kenya will sell to Romania semiprocessed hides and skins, beans, diatomite,
sisal, wool, cashewnut oil, canned pineapples, honey, soda ash, garments,
pyrethrum, hosiery goods, coconut fibre, cassava and pawpaw extract. Kenya
will import from Romania tractors and agricultural implements, motor vehicles
and trucks for assembly in Kenya, electric motors and transformers, refrigera-
tors for local assembly, ball bearings, machine tools, wire rods, PVC granules,
synthetic rubber, medicinal products, building materials, wines, foodstuffs
and so on. The items to be imported will be subject to the normal import
regulations, Mr Okondo said when the Romanian Charge d'Affaires, Mr Vasile
Zama, paid a courtesy call.on him. ‘The agreement was signed in February 1983.
[Text] [Nairobi E A REPORT ON TRADE & INDUSTRY in English Jun 85 p 10]

csO: 3400/608

23



KL
|
|

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

KENYA

cso:

[Text]

Police moved in to quell a
fight between two factions of
the Gospel Church of God in
Nairobi yesterday morning. -

A pastor at the mission, Mr’
Dome Budohi, said the conflict
was over church leadership. He
said the church, which originates
in Zimbabwe, had been in
existence since 1964 and now
Kenyans wanted to take over its
leadership.

Police chased off the road two
groups which were exchanging
stones at Hurlingham.

Pastor Budohi said the fight
started on Wednesday night
when a group of young Kenyan
members of the sect moved into
the mission compound to
“guard” young mothers there.

He said the foreign members of
the church objected to the

resence of Kenyans, and a fight
roke out.

The foreigners fled to their
homes in various parts of the city,
he said.

Yesterday morning, the
foreigners returtied to the mission
and the Kenyans there
resisted. About 700 members of
the group, mainly from Zim-
babwe. Zambia and Botswana,
Nave been served with quit orders

3400/606

RELIGIOUS SECT ORDERED TO EMIGRATE

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 28 Jun 85 p 3

“and are expected to leave Kenya
by month end. : 5

A source at the Immigration
Department confirmed to the
Nation that passports and
visitors’ passes belonging to the
members of the group had been
cancelled.

The Permanent Secretary in
the Office of the President in
charge of international security,
Mr J. S. Mathenge, promised to
issue a statement on the sect.

In October last year, the two.

warring factions sparked off a row
which was later quelled by.
authorities.

Pastor Budohi said then that it
was time for Kenyans to take over
the leadership of the church.

But another pastor. the
Reverend Stephen Motsi, said
‘that although this was accep-
table, the method of his group
being forced out of Kenya at short
notice was.“*most inhumane”.

Four days ago, the Rev Motsi
showed the Nation 51 foreign
passports and 31 emergency
travel documents, which he
claimed had been cancelled by
the Department of Immigration
in Nairobi and whose owners
have been ordered to leave Ken-
yawithin 21 days. «

The travel documents were
cancelled on June 10, according

19

tothe marks in them. .
"The Rev Mots! said his group of
priests, men and children

arrived in Kenya in 1964 and
established a mission at Hur-
lingham after acquiring a three-
acre plot.

Besides the land, the group
owns 10 vehicles, which the
members use. The mission has
branches at Turbo, Maua and in
Murang’a District.

- Members of the sect live in
communities, and their women
knit sweaters and table cloths
which they sell to earn a living.
~The men do manual work,
especially building houses, car-
pentry and masonry.

‘The women wear long dresses
in yellow and white colours with
head-dresses, while the men,
especially church elders and
priests, shave their heads clean
but are free to grow a beard.



NYERERE CONDEMNS RSA RAID ON BOTSWANA

Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 16 Jun 85 p 1

[Excerpt]

TANZANIA yesterday called on the
international community to restrain the racist
South African regime from committing wanton
murders against defenceless South Africans and
refugees living in the neighbouring Frontline
States.

In a lengthy statement to the Botswana President, Ndugu
Quett Masire, President Nyerere condemned the racist
regime for its barbaric attacks on South African refugees in
Gaborone during which twelve people, most of them refugees
were killed in cold blood on Friday. .

Mwalimu called on the international community to bring pressure
to bear on the racist regime and “demand that it (racist regime)
desists immediately from such attacks upon its neighbours.”

He said the racist tegime’s raid on Gaborone “was a terrible escalation of-

the pressure, reinforced by the apartheid regime’s threat to repeat the
operation whenever they feel that this would serve their evil purposes”.

The full text of Mwalimu’s statement:

On behalf of all the people and the Government of Tanzania, as well as:
on my own behalf, I wish to convey to you and to your Government and
people our horror at the dastardly attack on Botswana by the South African
Tacists yesterday. . . .

“This completely unprovoked aggression against a small and peaceful
neighbour, whose only offence is that it stands for decency and humanity, is
yet another example of the evil and aggressive nature of the apartheid
regime. : .

“Ever since its independence, the Botswana government has made two
things quite clear to both the enemies and the friends of apartheid. The first is
that it is fundamentally opposed to racism, will continue to say so, and will
observe the international conventions respecting the reception and care of
refugees from the apartheid state as well as any other area:

“The seconc is that Botswana, is unable to allow its territory to be used as a
base for the opposition forcés of the people of South Africa. The liberation
movements know your position, and have respected your decision. The South
Africans know it, and have never accepted your decision. -

For the existence of a peaceful and Progressive non-racial state on its
borders is a demostration to the South African people of the meaning of real
freedom and independence. }

“The apartheid regime, therefore, continues its efforts of pressuring
Botswana into becoming its puppet, and into acting as its policeman along

our common border. To the eternal credit of the Botswana People and their
overnment, they have reacted with great. courage and refused to succumb
to these attacks on their own human and national integrity. +

“Yesterday’s raid was a terrible escalation of the pressure, reinforced by
the apartheid regime’s threat to repeat the operation whenever they feel that

“I ask you to accept, and to convey to the bereaved and the injured in
Particular but also to all the people of Botswana, our sincerest condolences
and sympathy. We continue to stand in solidarity with your struggle to uphold

he /e also call upon the whole international community, and particularly all
t

102

nd of Squth Africa, to exert the maximum pressure on the apagtheid .

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

TANZANIA



BIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ON MOSES KATJIUONGUA

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 17 Jun 85 p 10

[Article by Noel Bruyns]

[Text]

ONE of the key figures in the
new interim government of
SWA/Namibia, Mr Moses Kat-
jiuongua, is an admirer of Mao

-tung and considers him-
self a socialist.

“I am a convinced socialist,
ideologically. I regard Mao
Tse-tung as a great statesman
and revolutionary,” he said.

Mr Katjiuongua, 43, has an
MA in international affairs
from Sweden, a degree in pub-
‘lic administration from Carle-
ton University in Ottawa and a
solid academic background.
He has also travelled exten-
;sively in the East and West.

He is one of the most able of
“the eight ministers who are ex-
pe ‘to form the cabinet after
‘the interim government is
: sworn in today in Windhoek.

: The government will take
‘over administrative and legis-
}lative power from South. ica.
: When Mr Katjiuongua was a
child in the 1950s, his father,

was involved in petitioning the ©

United Nations to get South
Africa out of SWA.

“His father also sent him to
Botswana in 1959 to attend high
school.

“That was the time when
Bantu education was being in-
iHtroduced ‘here. My father was
‘very much against it as it was
‘likely to rob me of equal oppor-
tunities in education,” he said.

“Different
ideologies’
Mr Katjiuongua left’ Botswa-

na for Europe in 1960 to contin-
ue his studies in East Germany.

31

He left with a group of friends
who wanted to “escape from
South Africa for a variety of
reasons in a hurry”. He re-
turned to SWA/Namibia in

1.

“Throughout the years I had
been able to see different soci-
eties, different political ideo-
logies, the modes of life of dif-
ferent peoples.”

He spent many years in
China, where he met Mao Tse-
tung. :

“J admire his theory on guer-

illa warfare and his way to
bring a unique form of social
change for China without ape-
ing any particular country,” Mr
Katjiuongua said.
’-“But I must point out I don't
transplant the ideas of modern
China. Those that can apply to
our country I will not hesitate
to use, but not those of a purely
Chinese background, or which
are purely part of international
power struggles.

“Though I admire his quali-
ties as a man, there’s no way I
can imitate Mao Tse-tung in
Namibia.”

- Out of favour
with Russia

It was during this time that
his socialist ideas gelled.

While he boasts of his social-
ist leanings, nervous capital-
ists and conservative whites in
SWA/Namibia at least need not
fear Russian interference
through Mr Katjiuongua lobby-
ing in the new political dispen-
sation.

While overseas, Mr Katjiuon-
gua fell out of favour with the

IJPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

NAMIBIA



cso:

3400/624

to work with the Govern-

,dment and that is why they

voted for Smith. If they
want to continue to be
jumpy like mules, they
can go. and do it in South

“After the elections,
which we are going to win
with a clear margin, we
are going to do a clean-up
operation so that we re-
main only with Whites
who want to to work with
the Government.”

* He did not say how he
would do this.

A member of the Inde-
pendent Zimbabwe
Group, Mr Dennis Diva-
tis, has called on Mr Ian
Smith, leadgr of the Con-
servative Alltance of Zim-
babwe, which won 15 of
the 20 seats for Whites in
the Assembly last week,
to resign with his MPs.

Mr Divaris, a long-
standing parliamentarian,
said: “The future of the
Whites as a whole has
been put at risk by the at-
‘titude of Mr Smith and a
callous disregard for the

+ people he claims to rep-

resent. .

“One week had passed
and Mr Smith had re-
mained silent — because
he has nothing to say.”

@ About half-a-million

- Zimbabweans were ex-

pected to vote yesterday,
the last day of Zim-
babwe’s four-day election
for ‘the 80 common roll

The polls close at 10pm
‘but at noon yesterday
2125 $63 people had
voted — 70 percent of the
total electorate of about
three million.

Counting begins this
morning and the first re-
sults are expected later in
the day. -

112

t



The bridges built since independence, like the roads from Bignona
to Sility and from Ziguinchor to Cap-Skiring, were occasions of
major scandals: between the money put into them and the work done
there is a yawning gap. That can be proved by questioning the na-
tions and agencies that provided very large sums in financial aid
over the past two decades.

During the latest election campaign in February 1983, Prime Minister
Habib Thiam carried cynicism so far as to exclaim in ringing tones
over Radio. Senegal: "From Kolda to Ziguinchor, along the North high-
way, you drive on asphalt all the way! From Ziguinchor to Sility,
you need never leave the blacktop! .Even if the prime minister had
been misled by lying reports (which would not be in the least sur-
prising in that land of megillah and mystification), he himself
took the route from Ziguinchor to Kafountine to inspect the oil-
fields;-when he'came through the land of the rivers it was to be.

‘aboard the maiden -Voy.age of the mail-boat "Casamance-Express."

Whe is he ‘trying to fool?

The Heinrich Luebke hospital, a gift from Federal Germany, was
steered away from Ziguinchor to Diourbel. The new Omnisport sta~-
dium in Ziguinchor is known as the "Megillah and Shame Stadium!"

It is Casamance's duty to grow fruit, but it is still waiting for
the long-promised fruit-processing plant, which has yet to materia-
lize. There are plants in Casamance for processing shrimp. Most

of the shrimp catch, however, is diverted to keep the Cape Verde
plants running, thereby condemning Casamance's work-force to job-
lessness.

It is fair to say that 90 percent of the cotton grows in-what. is
historically Casamance (including East Senegal). The textile plant,
though, was built at Thies.

They are ravaging Casamance's forests, but the wood and charcoal
from them, shipped out of the region, go to supply Dakar and the
Cape Verde region. Some dozen or so years ago, Dr Gabriel Carvalho
protested in the columns of the daily LE SOLEIL, the anarchic ex~
ploitation of the Casamance forests. 10 years later, Abdou Diouf,
newly elected president of Senegal, went to Firdu to tell the
Casamancais to plant trees there where, 10 years earlier, he had
allowed his Senegalese relatives to cut them recklessly and with
impunity. He returned to the offensive at a recent national coun-
cil of the Socialist Party, calling on the Casamancais to mount an
all-out effort to reforest the country. Meanwhile, the Casamance
forest is burning, and has been for months, especially in the Bignona
département, purposely torched to deprive maquis groups of cover,
although most of the maquis is active in Ziguinchor.

Yes, the forests of Casamance have been burning for. months. Pre-
sident Abdiouf must tell the people of Casamance why that should be.
The criminal madman who ordered the Casamance forest destroyed by
fire must, however highly placed he may be, be dealt a punishment

55



|

| JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

were "fruitful", Since the Karonga-Kyela road was inaugurated last October,
both TAZARA and Malawi railways have sought to improve traffic in order to
facilitate movement of cargo to and from the Indian Ocean port. Meanwhile,
the Malawi Daily Times, reported that Malawian transporters have responded
in full to using the northern route into Tanzania following the reopening

of the Ipyana Bridge in Kyela. Traffic had been re-rooted to Ipyana follow-
ing destruction by floods of the Ibanda bridge on Kiwira River. [Text]

[Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 17 Jun 85 p 1]

SINOTASHIP BUYS NEW SHIP--The Chinese-Tanzanian Joint Shipping Company
(SINOTASHIP) has bought a 15,000 tonne dead weight (DWT) cargo ship at a
cost of 92.7m/-, bringing the number of modern ships so far bought by the
company to four. SINOTASHIP Joint General Manager, Ndugu N. L. Buhatwa, said
in Dar es Salaam yesterday that the 1980 West German-built ship was purchased
last month and was flying the Tanzanian flag. Ndugu Buhatwa said the multi-
purpose dry cargo ship, christened mv Ruaha, was delivered in Rotterdam, Hol-
land, and was currently loading cargo in Western European free ports ready

to sail to China. From China, she will sail to Tanzania, The ship has the
capacity for 240 cointainers and can carry break-bulk cargo, he explained.
The Joint General Manager pointed out that the ship had been bought using
profits accrued in fixed deposits, interests and sale of old ships. SINOTA-
SHIP had earlier so far bought my Shunyi and my Pin Gu, flying Chinese flags
and my Ruvu "flying a Tanzanian flags under its modernisation programme.

The company sold its old ships, my Zunhua, Ushirika, Asia-Africa and expects
to sell the remaining one, mv Chamwino by the end of this year. [Text]
{Article by John Waluye] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Jun 85 p 3]

CASHEWNUT FIGURES GIVEN--Tanzania earned a total of 313.3m/- from the export
of raw cashew nuts and its associate products between October, 1984 and May
1985, Shihata reported. The General Manager of Cashewnut Authority of
Tanzania (CATA), Ndugu Edgar Makota, said in Mtwara yesterday that of the
total amount, 266,5m/- was realised from the sale of 18,000 tonnes of raw
cashewnuts which were exported to India and China, He said 730 tonnes of
cashew kernels worth 42,3m/- were exported to Holland and US while The
Netherlands purchased 120 tonnes of cashew wastes valued at 370,300/- and
Japan bought 1,200 tonnes of cashewnut shell liquid worth 4,550/-. Ndugu
Makota observed, however, that this year's earning was 112m/- more than that
realised between October 1983 and May, 1984 which was 201m/-, Meanwhile,
CATA has bought from peasants 30,000 tonnes of cashewnuts valued at 290m/-
throughout the country between October 1984 and May, 1985, He said the
figure was 20,000 tonnes less than the estimated amount of 50,000 tonnes ex-
pected to be brought in the season. The General Manager said of the amount
purchased, 16,600 tonnes worth 161m/~ had been transported to CATA godowns
in Mtwara and 13,400 tonnes are still in the villages. The authority expectsd
to export some 4,000 tonnes of raw cashewnuts valued at 56m/- later this
month, he added, [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 19 Jun 85 p 3]

PETROL, GAS AID--The International Development Association has loaned Tanzania
8 million dollars to improve distribution of petroleum products and assist gas
exploration by the private sector. Forty fuel tanks and 55 service stations
are to be put back into service at Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Moshi and Arusha,
and several offshore gas wells at Songo Songo (a field with proven reserves of
41 billion cubic meters) are to be rehabilitated. The Tanzanian Government
and the Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation are to contribute 3 million
dollars to the program. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English
22 Jun 85 p 6] 109



cso:

is freed by pulling its rotation and fixirig ‘

spindle forward. This is achieved By
means of the dismantling hook, which is
the extension of the spindle in front of the
forward shield. The rear part of the body

is swung to the right until it stops; this ac-

tion moves aside the rear shield to ex-
pose the chambers of the cylinder. The

empty cartridge cases are ejected by |

pointing the barrel vertically upwards

and. if necessary, pushing the cylinder *

spindle backwards. This spindle is fitted
with a star-shaped collective extractor.

Loading is carried out with the barrel
pointed downwards. the rounds being al- "”

lowed to slide into the chambers. Before
this is done the cylinder should be turned
anti-clockwise until it stops. The cylinder
is then under the tension of its torsion
spring. The rear part of the body is next
swung back to the closed position until

the spindle clicks into the rear shield. The °

* weapon is then ready to be fired in the
semi-automatic mode when the safety
catch is released.

The arming distance of the grenade .

fuse is between 14 and 28 m. The gun-
ner should therefore make sure that there
, is no obstacle along the trajectory of the
i projectile for the first 30 m, which is the

safety distance for himself and friendly

troops near him.
The butt plate. coveted with hardened
and ribbed rubber, forms a comfortable

base which spreads the recoil energy”

well. The stock. hinged to the rear end
of the beam, can be adjusted to one of
two positions that best suits the gunner,
according to the range of the target and
his own position. He holds the launcher
firmly by the two grips. The launcher can
also be fired with the stock folded over
the top of the weapon. In spite of appear-
ances, the butt plate does not impede the
use of the aiming system in this position.
The OEG automatically corrects for the
deflection to the right imparted to the
projectile by the right-hand rifling twist

3400/596

73

Cocking HI

“The sight can be adjusted in increments
of 25m between 50m and 375m
Zeroing is done at 200 m, by aligning the

| optical sight of the OEG with the rough

aim given by the irof sight which forms
an, integral part of the body.
’ ai !

Ve ios :
When a shot is firdd’ as ‘soon as the
projectile has passed, the gas-bleed vent.
the ipressure of the ‘propellant’ gases

penetrating into the,Vertical gas cylinder ;

' pushes the piston upwards. This move-
ment of the piston! activates a linkage
which advances theiindexing plate of the
cylinder and then moves tHe drive ratch-
et. The six catches df the plate are freed
from the cylinder;|jenabling it to turn
clockwise and to ling up the next cham-
ber with the barrel!i Once this has hap-
péned, the indexing plate takes up its in-
itial position and immobilises the cylinder
(cocking takes approximately 0.3 s). The
weapon is now ready to fire another shot.

Maintenance and accessories

The six-shot launcher has the same dry-
film-lubricant surface protection as the
single-shot launchers. Field maintenance
merely entails cleaning the barrel, the
chambers and the gas cylinder. To dis-

; mantle the gas cylinder. its plug is given
a quarter turn and lifted. In this way one _

gains access to the gas-bléed vent. The
OEG is factory-sealed and. therefore. the
only maintenance it requires is cleaning
of the external surfaces of the lens with
a soft cloth. The weapon is delivered with
a cleaning kit. a carrying strap. an oper-
ators manual and a padded. canvas
cover . :

This weapon has passed its.technical
and operational homologation tests. dur-
ing which the barrel was proved to have
a minimum service life of 5 000 rounds.



The choice of phrase and idiom by THE NATION is, not surprisingly, as
immodest as the venture of producing a daily in Lesotho is a bold and
courageous step. Appearing soon after the disappearance of the popular
and notable South African daily, the RAND DAILY MAIL, it is not, perhaps,
totally coincidental.

Whatever the case may be, it is important that THE NATION should fully be
seen to be meeting the responsibility of the hopes that ibs: management
has raised, and to rise above the euphoria of what it sees as its epoch~
making birth, and settle down to the business of serious journalism

as soon as it can.

Of course, THE NATION is right. in asking the, public to be tolerant and
provide the paper with an opportunity to prove itself. Fortunately
for THE NATION, the Lesotho public has, in the past, displayed immense
resources of patience. Less fortunate for the paper is that it has
made its appearance in the newspaper stalls of Lesotho at an exciting
time of preparations for elections, when there are competing claims
on public generosity.

If the articles headlines Bitter Row Over BDA Status and New Front to
Fight Elections are indicators of future coverage of political
developments, then even Mr C. D. Mofeli of the UDP [United Democratic
Party] should rest assured. His complaints that Radio Lesotho was not
giving him enough coverage should finally be assuaged. At least Radio
Lesotho fnds it difficult to cover statements that border on diabribe,
put if Mr (Moeti's) United Fatherland can command space in THE NATION,
Mr Mofeli's UDP will assuredly find coverage in the célumns of THE

NATION daily.

cso: 3400/630

25



BUSINESSMEN WELCOME EASING OF GROUP AREAS ACT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Jul 85 p 8

[Text]

cso:

3400/622

Businessmen _ yesterday
welcomed the Govern-
ment move to, ease em-
ployment restrictions
based on race.

They were reacting to
the announcement of a
change in the Group
Areas Act.

The Minister of Consti-
tutional Development
and Planning, Mr Chris
Heunis, said the change
means Black executives
can be employed in White
areas and White ex-
ecutives in Black areas
provided they are under
the: full-time supervision
and control of their em-
ployers.

An amendment to the
Act was promulgated in a
Government Gazette yes-
terday,

The president of the
Federated Chamber of
Industries, Mr J R Wil-

-son, said the move would

improve the use of man-
power and increase pro-
ductivity.

He said in a statement:
“The move will enable in-
dustry to make better use
of South Africa’s total
manpower resources.

“It is a further indica-
tion of the Government’s
commitment to the free
enterprise system and of

91

its determination to bring
about change in South
Africa.

“Lifting Group Areas
restrictions should permit
a more effective utilisa-~
tion of skills and, conse-

ntly, tend to raise the
productivity of the South
‘African labour force.”

The executive director
‘of Assocom, Mr Ray-
mond Parsons, said the
change in the Group
Areas Act would make it
easier for businessmen to
employ Black managers
in White areas.

“Success in augmenting
the limited pool of mana-
gerial talent is vital to
South Africa’s future
economic growth pro-
spects,” he said in a state-
ment.

“By allowing additional
flexibility and mobility in
the labour market, the
Government has encour-
aged the private sector to
commit itself more fully
to alleviate the acute
shortage of managerial
skills in the country.”

anised commerce

welcomes the announce- ;

ment as a step in opening
up the economy to all
race groups. It strength-
ens the economic ele-
ments in the reform pro-
cess,” said Mr Parsons.

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



MASIRE ON REFUGEES, GABORONE ATTACK

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jun 85 p3

[Text]

cso:

3400/618

GABORONE. — Botswana President Quett Masire
‘said yesterday Botswana would continue receiving refu-
gees until “there are no more”.

In an interview with a German journalist, Stefan
Klein, he said only South Africa could stop the flow of
refugees,

He told Klein: “When we receive refugees, we do
not distinguish whether they are Black or White, Nat-
ionalist or Progressive, ANC or PAC . . . we receive
them as a duty and as an international obligation.”

The President said in his view the purpose of South
Africa’s raid on Gaborone had béen “more of an inter-
nal thing”.

He noted that South Africa had “gone through a
series of civil strifes” ranging from civil disobedience to
student riots and strikes. :

“On top of that they have had targets blow up here
and there.”

South Africa was beginning to “get restless” and felt
that “people would say they were losing control of the
situation,” he said.

It was “a common thing to find an external cause” on
which to “concentrate attention and in this case, poor
Botswana just happens to provide South Africa with
such a pretext”.

He said “no resonable person believes the claim by
South Africa that the attack (on Gaborone) was
directed at the ANC, because there was no evidence
Prior to the attack and even after the attack that there
were ANC bases in Botswana.”

JPRS~SSA~-85~067
1 August 1985

BOTSWANA



POWER STRUGGLE LOOMS FOR VOORTREKKERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Jul 85 p 5

[Text]

cso:

AFRIKANER Leftwing-
Rightwing battle lines will
be drawn in Stellenbosch
tomorrow when the con-
&ress starts of the Voor-
trekker Movement —with
many parent and worker
delegates expected to
voice criticisms of a con-
servative power move in
the body.

* Sources in Pretoria say
the fight is expected to
erupt when the leader of
the Voortrekkers, Profes-
sor Carel Boshoff — who
was said yesterday to be
on his way to the Cape for

3400/599

the meeting — is nomi-
nated for re-election.

Tipped to replace the
controversial —_Pretoria
University Professor —
son-in-law of the late Dr
Verwoerd and founder of
the Afrikaner-Volkswag
— is Pretoria attorney,
Mr Jan Oelofse.

Mr Oclofse is the pres-
ent chief secretary of the

74

JPRS~SSA-85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Voortrekkers — Afri- /

kaans version of y
Scouts and Girl Guides.
It is understood that
considerable  “‘verligte””
pressure has been build-
ing up against the ré-elec-
tion of Prof Boshoff, par-
ticularly against the back-
ground of the anti-racial
initiatives of the State
President, Mr P W Botha.



NO END IN SIGHT TO BOYCOTTS AT TURFLOOP UNIVERSITY
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Jun 85 p 15

[Article by Sol Makgabutlane and Steve Harvey]

[Text] PIETERSBURG — The University of the North (Turfloop) outside
Pietersburg is in another crisis — the latest in a series that have
plagued the campus in recent months.

It has led to temporary closure of the campus, with hundreds of
students left languishing at home and at the nearby township of
Mankweng. And there is no end in sight.

Curiously described as a “winter vacation” by the authorities,
observers see the recess simply as an attempt by the University
Council to find breathing space in order to restore a calm direction.

In just six months since the academic year commenced, Turfloop
has seen dozens of class boycotts, violence and at least three tem-
porary closures.

The frustration and anger spilled into serious violence last week
after a June 16 commemoration service.

Shadrack Mafokoane (15), a Cosas student activist from nearby
Hwiti High School, died in a confrontation between students and
anti-riot police.

The students’ demands, accusations and grievances are varied
and wide-ranged and there seem no solutions in sight.

Among others, students decry “academic terrorism” on campus,
largely by white staffers.

They also fear that some white employees are working with the
Security Police and the SADF. .

“We merely want to express our sincere and honest hatred for the
police,” say Student Representative Council (SRC) executive mem-
bers Mr Cedric Kekane and Mr Velaphi Fatyela,

‘Mr Kekane, chairman of the Turfloop chapter of the Azanian
Students Organisation (Azaso) — a UDF affiliate — voices the sefiti-
ments of his colleages. :

The two student leaders caution that their stand should not be
misconstrued as resentment against white lecturers.

- “We are not racists,” they told The Star ‘in an interview at'the
weekend. “Racism in not our criterion for judging ‘quality of perfor-
mance. We are not demanding that they (certain white staffers) be
removed simply because they are white, but because students have
concrete evidence that justifies their demands.”

They gave a resume of the what they called the academic victim-
isation of students which has led to the present impasse. |
@ They said trouble first flared when students were subjected to
“racist and sexist insults” by a white lecturer in the mathematics
department. Lo

They claimed he said black students, especially at Turfloop, did
not possess the necessary intelligence to understand mathematics
— and that the females: had an intelligence level inferior to the
males.

80

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



He said that since the initiation of the East African Regional Seas Programme
in 1980 UNEP had spent almost a million dollars on its development.

He said the programme will initially cost around $300,000 per annum and is
expected to climb to a million dollars per annum. by 1989, France had agreed
to cover 25 percent the budget being the only developed country amongst the
nine states.

CSO: 3400/607



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

PARTY DELEGATION FOR ALBANIA--A three-man Party delegation left the country
on Sunday for Albania for a three-week study tour on co-operative develop-
ment, A statement issued by the Political Propaganda and Mass Mobilisation
Department of the Party National Executive Committee (NEC) Secretariat said
the delegation would be led by the Kigoma Regional Commissioner, Ndugu
Christopher Liundi, Other members are the Handeni District Party Chairman,
Ndugu Saidi Hassan Majili, and the Personal Assistant to the Minister of
State in the Prime Minister's Office Responsible for Regional Administration
and Co-operatives, Ndugu Joshua Sizya. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in
English 11 Jun 85 p 1]

NICARAGUAN PLANE DISPOSAL SOUGHT--The Government is processing a court order
to enable it dispose of two Boeing aircraft grounded at the Dar es Salaam
International Airport (DIA) and Kilimanjaro International Airport (KIA).

The two planes--A Boeing 707 parked at DIA and a Boeing 720 B lying at KIA--
grounded for the past five years, were given as presents last year to the
Nicaraguan Government by the Beirut-based Caledonian Airlines Managing Direc-
tor George Hallack. The Director General of the Civil Aviation Directorate
Ndugu Loti Mollel, said yesterday the government, through DCA, was handling
the issue "very carefully" to protect itself against any future claims. He
said: "We have tried our best to communicate with the Nicaraguan Government
several times but nothing much has been done, We very much appreciate the
problems that Nicaragua is facing at the moment and may be that is why it is
failing to deal with these two aircraft." Ndugu Mollel said tenders for the
disposal of the aircraft would be advertised in local and foreign press after
the court order was received. Air Tanzania Corporation first wet-leased the
720B in December, 1979 and received the Boeing 707 under the same terms in
May 1980 for regional and inter-continental routes. But the two planes de-
veloped severe mechanical problems and the contract was terminated in Novem-
ber” 1980. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 13 Jun 85 p 3]

TAZARA MEETS MALAWEAN TRANSPORTERS-~Two officials of the Tanzania-Zambia
Railway (TAZARA) have described their talks with Malawian transporters as
“€maitful."” ‘Tazara's Traffic Manager H. Tegissa and Finance Manager M. A,
Kashonda said in Dar es Salaam at the weekend that their meetings with
clearing and forwarding agents as well as Malawi Railways officials aimed at
monitoring progress on ferrying goods from Dar es Salaam port into Malawi

108



MOZAMBICAN REFUGEES FLEE TO SAFETY THROUGH KRUGER NATIONAL PARK

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 23 Jun 85 p 2

{Article by Wendy Schwegmann]

[Text]

“RENAMO terror is forcing

thousands of Mozambicans
to flee to safety through the
Kruger National Park. .

More than 50 000 people have
already crossed the South Afri-
can border and families are
still pouring into Gazankulu,
Lebowa and neighbouring
areas of the north-eastern
Transvaal to seek refuge with.
the local population.

Unable to be accorded offi-
cial refugee status, they con-
tinue to exist as fugitives even
after their nightmare journeys
are over.

Considered “illegal aliens”
by the South African Govern-
ment, they live in fear of arrest
and forcible return to the tor-
ture, rape and murder of Mo-
zambique’s civil war.

The Sunday Star spoke to
some of the refugees, who have!
gone into hiding and were
afraid to be identified. ~

Two widows were forced to
watch their husbands die grue-
some deaths during a Renamo
raid on their village.

Looted goods

Speaking from the safety of a
relative’s Gazankulu home they
said:

“Ten Renamo men came to
our village and left with all our

food. They returned that night, ’

handcuffed our husbands and

made them lie on the ground. ~

They crushed their heads with
millet grinders, The woman
and children of the village.

78

were forced to watch the kill-,
ings, 19 men were killed”. ‘

. “We were not allowed to
bury the dead but were forced
to carry the bundles of looted
goods to the Renamo camp.

“We then joined a group of
‘women and children who were.
fleeing Renamo. It took three
days to travel throught the
Kruger Park, with 10 toddlers
andiSchildren,

~ We travelled day and night
carrying the little ones and
binding our stomachs to stop
the hunger pains.”

These women considered
themselves lucky‘ to have .sur-;
vived their journey across the’
Kruger Park. Others, with chil-
dren growing weak from hun-:
ger and thifst, had to abandon’
their toddlers in the park for
fear their slowness would jeo-
pardise the entire group.

Killed chicken

An 18-year-old youth called
Vasco told how his family was.
slain during a Renamo raid on
their village. “They came with
Spears and knives, some in uni-
form, some not, but all clearly
identified by their attitude.”

The soldiers said "What do
you eat?” The villagers who did
not have much themselves
gave them a chicken. Renamo
killed all the chickens. ‘Then
they killed their goat; and their
cock. .

They said this was still not
enough and set about killing,
their fathers and mothers. 1

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



SUNDAY NEWS CALLS FOR CONTINUED PLO SUPPORT
Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 9 Jun 85 p 1
[Editorial]

[Text] THE season of violence and Injustice inflicted upon the. people of
Palestine has not yet ended. Every year brings its fresh crop of dead and
wounded out of the women and children living in the refugee camps of
Beirut. .

Every Middle East crisis brings its own contribution tothe
marginalisation of the Palestinian cause. Every member of the Arab
nation looks on ashamed as yet another war erupts between Palestinian
and Arab — be he Syrian or Lebanese, Maronite or Shia. And every
time the Phoenix of Palestine rises up from the ashes and her children
survive and revive and regroup and fight again.

“The terrible irony of this endless cycle of death and resurrection is
that now,'the Palestinians face destruction not only from their Israeli
enemies but also from their Arab brothers.

In fact today, the Israeli factor has taken a back-seat, leaving the field
to the very movement the Palestinians helped to form and train — the
‘Amal — and with whose members they lived in the South Lebanon and
in the suburbs of Beirut.

For it was the Palestinians, led by PLO who in 1975, helped the Shia
majority people of Lebanon, the most dispossessed, the poorest section of
the Lebanese population, to form their organisation — Amal — in order
to win the right to participate in the political affairs and institutions of
their country — hitherto the exclusive-preserve of the Maronite and
Sunni minorities. :

And it was the Palestinians who fought for years with the Amal
militants, side-by-side, against successive waves of Israeli attacks in the
Lebanese south and in the brutal and massive Invasion of Belrut in 1982,

Now in 1985, the brother-in-arms has become, in his turn, the killer
of Sabra and Shatila. What is the world to make of this? Is it surnrising
that it cannot find the words to describe and explain what it sees?

‘The Israelis have claimed, and rightly so, that those many voices:
which so quickly condemned the atrocities in Beirut in 1982 have
remained strangely silent about what is happening now in those very

Same refugee camps. But this silence is not that of compliance or com-
platsance; it Is the silence of incomprehension, of disbelief, of despair.

Every community, every nation, judges contemporary events according
to its own values and its own experience. If Tanzania-bas been in the
fore-front of African support for the Palestinian cause, It is because she
has been in the front-line of the liberation struggle In her own part of
the world,

If Tanzania has always upheld the right — and the duty — of PLO to
people of Palestine to gain @ rightful homeland of thelr own, it is
because she has never hesitated in giving every possible type of material,
diplomatic and moral support to the liberation movements of Southern
Africa.

If Tanzania has always upheld the right — and the duty — of PLO to
lead the Palestinian resistance, it is because it knows — form long and
first-hand experience — the Importance of a single, unified and mass-
based movement in the battle for independence, liberation and national
reconstruction.

‘And if today the Tanzanians urge and plead with their Arab brothers
to stop their fratricidal attacks on the Palestinians, it Is because they
know deeply that freedom is always indivisible and that liberty is never
piece-meal.

104

JPRS~SSA~85-067
1 August 1985

TANZANIA



NATION'S NEW REGIONAL PARTY POLITICS REVEALED AS TURNING
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Jun 85 p 35

[Article by Ken Owen in the "Another View" Column]

[Text] QUARTER of a century after the birth of the
ublic, South Africa still wavers between a post-
colonial dependence on the West and an independent
role as the dominant regional power of south-central
Africa. .

The choice is not absolute, and never can be, but the balance has
swun; ly against the West in recent months. President Botha’s
wi to the United States on Wednesday that it was hea for a
“confrontation” with South Africa tells us just how far we have tilted.

In Mr Vorster’s day, while there was a t deal of talk about our African
identity, it was not serious. Africa was the pathway to Europe’s heart.

Acceptance Africa was the
to ncceptance By the West. 7

Since Mr Botha came to power,
bringing with him the military strat-
Sffferent theory has come nto play
It is based, frankly and even crudely,

ithin the region

>
:
E
E
?
z

89

IJPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



stacked against Casamancais youngsters, if you add that the flower
of that youth was sent to the slaughter in Gambia in a quarrel that
was none of its own, you can see and understand why, at Christmas
1982, the Casamancais had had enough.

The Casamancais no longer feel at home in a country where the go-
vernor and his deputies, the mayor and his staff, the police com-
missioner and the chief of the gendarmerie brigade, the prefect and
his deputy, and the sub-prefect are all Senegalese! The police
commissioner said to one Casamancais arrested in December 1982:
"you want independence for Casamance? Fine! We're going to colo-
nize you as you've never been colonized before!"

The Events of Christmas 1982

On the various events transpiring in Casamance since Christmas 1982,
the Senegalese government has placed lying and trumped-up interpre-
tations that fool nobody in this day of satellites and television.
The government told a bare-faced lie when it claimed that there
were only a few hundred people marching in Ziguinchor on 26 Decem-
ber 1982. We said so» The Boulevard Edouard Diatta has markers
every kilometer: there were more than 100,000 Casamancais who
formed a line of march more than 3 kilometers long, not counting
the crowds who thronged the side-streets, The sound of the first
grenades exploded at the head of the parade enabled those further
back to calculate the length of the line of march and the number

of demonstrators.

The demonstration was totally peaceable. This crowd argued with

no one and touched nothing, These Casamancais, all ethnic groups
intermingled, marched with their hands up, empty-handed. The women,
many of them carrying babies on their backs, carried on their heads
or in their hands gourds filled with ordinary drinking water, which
they sprinkled on the: pavement as a sign of peace and non-violence.
That was also the meaning of the many flags and white robes that
many of the marchers wore.

They hurled grenades into this crowd while it was still 1,500
meters from the first flag pulled down, The Senegalese flag was
pulled down at the Governance, the Prefecture, City Hall, the
Police Commissariat, and the Gendarmerie. Each time, the flag was
carefully and respectfully carried away, as a souvenir. The Sene-
galese flag was not torn, not dirtied, not burnt, not profaned.

In place of the Senegalese colors and while they waited for these
of Casamance to arrive, the Casamancais people raised the white
flag, the banner of peace and non-violence.

In front of the Governance the demonstrators placed a large pile
of weapons and. ammunition taken from the police: "Casamance has

no quarrel with you and does not want to create problems for you
with your superiors. Casamance wants to deal only with the Presi-
dent of the Republic of Senegal. Take your weapons and go back to
Senegal. Casamance has determined to be itself again." The Christ-
mas demonstration was the victory of bare hands

57



stifle the demand for emancipation from this unruly Casamance:
simply drown its "No" votes in a Senegalese ‘sea of "Yea's."

In 1958 and 1960, Casamance might have won independence, on its
own or in a confederation with Senegal. One man took it upon him-
self to speak for the people of Casamance, sole masters of their
own destiny; they awoke one fine morning to find themselves sud-
denly Senegalese, without anyone's ever asking them for a by-your-
leave or an ask~your-pardon....

Abolishing the Casamance "Otherness"

To shield Casamance from any nostalgic yearning for its vice-go-
vernor af colonial days, they created a number of new regions in
Senegal, and assigned a governor to each one. They even set up
regional assemblies, but vested them with no real power whatsoever.
Indeed, one of the appointed governors was from Casamance, but he
was named first governor of the Fleuve Region, based in Saint-—
Louis. Of the region's six départements, four: Oussouye, Bignona,
Sedhiou, and Velingara, were entrusted to Casamancais governors,
but the two most important ones, Ziguinchor and Kolda, remained
firmly in the hands of Senegalese prefects.

That still left one troublesome loophole: the regional assembly
could at any time vote unanimously for a motion calling for Casa-
mance to be formally recognized and made whole again. Should that
happen, Senegal would have no choice but to comply because, under
its colonial status, Casamance is not a region like the rest sof
them, and the East Senegal region is historically an integral part
of Casamance, as we noted earlier. j

Some way had to be found to get around or over this obstacle: it
was: the famous administrative reform, which abolished the regio-
nal assemblies and replaced them with rural community assemblies.
That left only one more thing to be done to lay this Casamancais
"otherness" to rest for good and all.

On 28 July 1980 Abdou Fiouf, prime minister at the time, summoned
Casamance's political leaders and cadres to propose slicing their
region in two. With one exception, all present rejected the idea
as a proposal to dismantle Casamance as an entity forever, and to
wipe out all traces of its existence.

However, at the last extraordinary congress of the Specialist Party
on 21 and 22 January 1984, these kept Casamancais would display a
gratifying unanimity in approving this dismemberment of their coun-
try- By God's grace, however, the people of Casamance had already
voiced their rejection of the plan at the ballot~box on 25 and 26
December 1982. Casamance was, is now, and ever shall be the land
that said "No!"

53



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

KENYA

KANU ELECTION RESULTS IN SURPRISING RETURNS
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 26 Jun 85 pp 1, 24
[Article by Robert Irungu and Mitch Odero]

[Text] Kanu elections entered the second day yesterday with several MPs losing
the battle to newcomers at the grassroot level.

Among the losers were an Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs Mr Philip
Leakey, and Bahati MP, Mr Fred Omido. A former Assistant Minister for Works,
Housing and Physical Planning Mr Joseph Mathenge also lost in his bid to cap-
ture the chairmanship of Thigi sub-Location, Laikipia Distret.

Another outspoken MP, Mr Abuya Abuya lost the Mogcka sub-location chairmanship
to Dr Gideon Ragua and then successfully stood for vice-chairmanship for the
same sub-location.

Omido lost to a less known aspirant, Mr Francis Karani in Bahati sub-branch
in Nairobi while Mathenge lost to the chairman of the Laikipia County Council,
Coun, Julius Waweru.

In the Langata Kanu sub-branch battle for seats, Leakey lost to a former
Nairobi Councillor, Mr Waithaka Machua. Another former councillor, Mr
Richard Kimani, captured the seat of secretary while the former Nairobi mayor,
Nathan Kahara was elected as one of the six delegates to the party's annual
delegates conference.

Meanwhile, it was confirmed yesterday that the Minister for Environment and
Natural Resources, Mr Paul Ngei who had been a chairman for Mbilini sub-loca-
tion did not defend his seat and therefore it went to Wambua Nthenge, while
a nominated MP, Mulu Mutisya, captured Wamunyu locational committee chairman-
ship as vice-chairman.

In Nairobi, two sitting MPs, Mr Charles Rubia (Starehe) and the Minister for
Works, Housing and Physical Planning Mr Maina Wanjigi (Kamukunji had an easy
time. They were elected unopposed as chairmen of their respective sub-branches.

The elections continued to have dramatic turn for the hopefuls in various parts
of the country.

15



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SENEGAL

CASAMANCE, QOPPOSITICN SPEAKS DIOLA

Paris POLITIQUE AFRICAINE in French Jun 85 pp 125-138

[Unsigned opposition paper, with introduction by Dominique Darbon ]

[Text] Everybody remembers the protest movements and the riots
that flamed across the southernmost region of Senegal, known as
Casamance, in 1981 (the Djignabo student strike), especially in
December 1982 and December 1983. These repeated uprisings, which
involved the vast majority of the populations of Basse-Casamance
(the départements of Oussouye, Ziguinchor, and Bignona), arose
from a very old problem which everybody thought had long since
been settled, or at least very effectively stifled by the Sene-
galese government. Well, Casamance, by its population, its geo-
graphical position, the historical circumstances of its coloni-
zation and its incorporation into Senegal, its economic poten-
tial and its agricultural production systems, retains its ex-
tremely specific identity that is deeply rooted among its Diola
populations This specificity explains both the cavalier attitude
of the Senegalese government toward a region it deems politically
and culturally suspect, and, in response, the behavior of its
peoples whe derive only the undesirable effects of their status
as part of the Senegalese nation. Out of these suspicions and
these frustrations were born the risings of 1981, 1982, and

1983, which, costing more than 100.\lives, raised the issue of
the political integration of this region of Casamance. On rea-
ding the text. submitted to us, it would certainly appear that
the reform ..propodsed: in 1983 by the government (slicing the
Casamance region in two, recruitment of young men, less compro-
mised and more representative, into the government, elabora-
tion of a development plan for Casamance) were not sufficient

to win over the local "ideologues."

This document, "The Voice of the Casamance," prepared by the
nationalist movement, attempts to adduce a legitimacy both his-
torical and social to the demands submitted during and subsequent
to the first uprisings. In one sense, this proclamation must be
perceived as the fundamental document of the Casamance nationalist
movement, or, more precisely, as the translation, the "rationale"

44



of Casamance. We might cite, by way of example, Marine Capt.
Protet, killed at the second battle of Hilol, 9 March 1860;

Lt Truche and several others at Seleky, 1 December 1886; Capt.
Forichon, at Sedhiou, in 1891; Adjutant Basser, at Siliti in
1917; Sgt Maurice Scobry, at Effok, 9 February 1943.

There was confirmation of what Pinet-Laprade said about the Casa-—
mance people in 1861; that they are an intelligent, courageous,
and stubborn enemy. Three streets in Dakar were named for some

of the battles fought in Casamance: Rue de Caron (not Garonne,
but actually Hilol, 9 March 1860); Rue de Thionck (Essyl, 11
March 1860), Sindiniery (facing Sedhiou, 10 February 1861), and
One more, Diembering (3 February /1865), -by the master. planner

of the imperial city.

The plan devised by government administrator Brunot, who left
Casamance for good in July 1917, called for the systematic dis-
armament of all Casamance. Put into execution in 1920, it did
not mark the end of the resistance. In 1927, administrator
Maubert had several real Kasa resistance men shot, on the pre-
text that they engaged in cannibalism. The revelation of that
cover-up 1éd, in 1936, to-the suicide of the commanding officer
who had ordéred the arrest of the victims.

A bit of irony, if you like: on the Butte Maubert, where these
"Floups" were executed, France set up the present monument to
the dead of Ziguinchor, with this inscription: "Casamance, to
her sons who died for France." It is worth underscoring:

France says "Casamance," not "Senegal." After independence, the
inscription was changed to read: "Casamance, to her sons who
died for their country."

The city of Ziguinchor is used to citizens' movements: on 22
April 1888, the replacement of the Portuguese by the French set
off protests. On 20 March 1914, posters carried by demonstra-
tors called on the governor-general of French West Africa, Wil-
liam Ponty (not the governor of Senegal) for more than token
financial autonomy, and territorial and administrative autonomy
for Casamance, because they felt the Senegalese trusteeship dis-
gusting, alienating, and ‘stultifying.. Around the same time, women
demonstrated against Dr Olivier's cruelty and the people forced
administrator Marcel de Coppet to release Father Jean-Marie Esvan,
who had been sentenced to a month in prison for an alleged vio-
lation of the health regulations.

Clearly, the Casamance resistance was not born yesterday, more
particularly that of the Diolas, who are so deeply attached to
their forests and their lands. The Whites tried long and hard
to put it down by force of arms, by intellectual intoxication,
by starvation, setting fire to cabins and granaries, destroying
seed-grains, farm tools, kitchen and household utensils...
Nothing worked. .

48



cso:

3400/622

‘sentially “low-

Many of these matters
have been referred to the
President's Council by the
State President for ad-
vice, while others are be-
ing examined by the
Council on its own initiat-
ive.

Dr Koornhof empha-

was es-
ey”. The
executive and legislature
had clearly defined func-
tions in the new dispensa-
tion and the role of the
President’s Council was
to supply information and
proposals based on that
information.

The Council comprised
White, Coloured and In-
dian members of all pol-
itical parties, meeting
under one roof. But it was
not a “debating
chamber”. Its committees
examined issues and
made recommendations
which then came before
the full Council for con-
sideration.

On each issue before
the President's Council.
the public and all interest-
ed bodiés were invited to
submit memoranda and,
if necessary, to give per- |
sonal evidence before the
televant cominittee.

“We are a very open
and accessible body and
we welcome input from
whatever source,” said
Dr. Koornhof.

“We are in the business
of seeking alternatives
and possible solutions.
That is our function.”

77



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

GHANA

FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNTS GAIN APPROVAL
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 27 Jun 85 pp i, 5
[Article by Wendy Asiama and Kojo Sam]

[Text] The Bank of Ghana has authorized seven local commercial banks to
operate foreign accounts for both their Ghanaian and non-Ghanaian customers.

The operation of the accounts which took effect from June 17, will be fed only
with convertible currencies such as the US dollar, pound sterling, deutsche
mark, Swiss franc and CFA franc.

Mr Kwasi Akompong, executive director of the Bank of Ghana, who announced this
at a press conference in Accra yesterday named the banks as the Ghana Commer-
cial Bank, Barclays Bank (Ghana) Limited and Standard Chartered Bank (Ghana)
Limited.

Mr Akompong explained that the operation of the foreign accounts by the deposi-
tors would be free from foreign exchange control restrictions while transfers
abroad from these accounts would be made without exchange control approval.

The others are National Investment Bank (NIB), Social Security Bank (SSB),
Bank of Credit and Commerce (Ghana) Limited and Merchant Bank (Ghana) Limited.

He said customers may deposit their foreign exchange with any branch of the
authorised banks or contact their overseas correspondent banks or agents for
the opening of their foreign accounts.

The Executive Director said a list of such correspondent banks. or agents in
various overseas centres which will act as agents for the authorised banks
in the operation of the foreign accounts and whom overseas customers may
contact would be announced to the public in due course.

On the issue of interest, Mr Akompong stated that all the authorised banks
would pay interest in foreign exchange on time deposits accounts were opened
for their customers at rates comparable to those ruling in the country of the
deposits.

10



From 1945 to 1960

Summoned by M€ Lamine Gueye in 1954, Senghor made his debut in high
political circles in the French section of the Socialist Interna-
tionale (SFIO), where counsellor Gueye was a member of the steering
committee.

Our Casamance brethren, among them Emile Badiane, Edouard Diatta,
Edouard Diallo, together founded the Movement of the Democratic
Forces of Casamance (MFDC) at the Congress of Sedhiou on 4 March
1947. Its natural leader was Victor Diatta, but he was a Diola
and all too highly placed in the political competition at the time.
Leopold Sedar Senghor, having slammed the door on the SFIO, set

up his Senegalese Democratic Bloc in November 1948, at the Con-
gress of Thies. To do it, he needed support from our elders, who
gave it to him.

In order to support Senghor, the MDDC, without ever closing out its
options, halted its activities to make it easier for the BDC to

be formed and get a start. That was the first big mistake our
elders made, because gratitude is not a Senegalese virtue. Sen-
ghor taught them that. Party cards at the time carried the ini-
tials MFDC-BDS in bold letters, which certainly indicates that

the MDFC never dissolved itself; since then, it has never been
officially abolished.

As for Assane Seck and Louis Dacosta's Autonomous ‘Casamance. Move-
ment, it affiliated with the Senegalese Democratic Union, the Se-
negalese section of the African Democratic Rally, Its members
subsequently became active in the Senegalese section of the Afri-
can Regroupment Party, the PRA-Senegal, born in the wake of the
constituent Congress of Cotonou in July 1958. They were, until
quite recently, the most ardent advocates of Casamance's immediate
independence by force of arms.

These days, the political cadres and officials of Casamance origin
who help frame Senegalese government policy have cut themselves
off from their Casamance grass roots, the little people, farmers,
cattle-growers, fishermen, etc., in a word, from the real people
of Casamance who are pro-independence to a man: inside every
child of Casamance sleeps a determined nationalist.

In the broadcast billed as "Confidential talk around the micro-”
phone," a big gun in the BDS, Alioune Badara Mbengue purposely tried
to. misléad’ his listeners by asserting that the MFDC and the MAC
were not autonomist movements, although the former was for indes
pendence in the long run, and the latter was for immediate and
unconditional independence.

At the time of the referendum on 28 September 1958, France threa-
tened to transfer its military base from the Cape Verde peninsula
to Casamance if Senegal voted "No." Ironically enough, most of
the "No" vote came from Casamance. Some way had to be found to

52



Koornhof Hints at New Race Reforms
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 6 Jul 85) cece ececcceccscccceeee 76

Mozambican Refugees Flee to Safety Through Kruger National Park
(Wendy Schwegmann; THE SUNDAY STAR, 23 Jun 85).........022. 78

No End in Sight to Boycotts at Turfloop University
(Sol Makgabutlane, Steve Harvey; THE STAR, 24 Jun 85)...... 80

Desegregated Trains Cause Mixed Feelings
(THE STAR, 25 Jun SD 7)

UDF Members Flock to PFP
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 23 Jun 85) cee ceeee cence cenencencncsvcves 84

Power of Broederbond Broken
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 23 Jun 85) ceceecccceeeccceceseceseresses 85

Inkatha Snubs Government, Moves Closer to PFP
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 23 Jun 85) cece cee cee cee ceveceeceesecsess 86

Language Remains Sensitive Issue
(Bruce Cameron; THE STAR, 25 Jun 85) ccc c ec ee ees cneeseceeces 87

Nation's New Regional Party Politics Revealed as Turning
(Ken Owen; THE SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Jun 85) cc eeceececceececess 89

Businessmen Welcome Easing of Group Areas Act
(THE CITIZEN, 6 Jul [> |

Torture Normal During Interrogations
(Estelle Trengove; THE STAR, 27 Jun 85) ce eecccceeccceeccces 92

English May Be Victim of New System of Education
(Bruce Cameron; THE STAR, 26 Jun B5) ce ecececcccccesccceceee 93

Shortage of Skilled People
. (THE STAR, 24 Jun 85) eee cece cece cece sce seccececeecescess 94

Law Changes Lift Work Restrictions
(THE CITIZEN, 5 Jul 85) cece eee cece cece rec eececeececesceves (95

Advanced New Equipment Unveiled at Reutech Seminar
(ARMED FORCES, Jun 85).....ccccccccccccccccceecssssscsecess 96

Briefs
New Entrants at School 97



Only the PFP kept up to
their initial demand.”

He said it was likely
the House of Delegates
had made a credible

start in the eyes of peo- ;

' ple who voted for them.

{But the people who
voted for them are in the
minority. The masses
who have to be won over
have yet to give their
support and blessings to
the new Parliament.

“One must also look at
to what extent they have

succeeded in winning the |

imagination of the black
people as being people in
a position ‘to do some-
thing positive for them. It
is all very well. making a
noise about majority
rights in Parliament but
no effective measures
have emerged as a result.

“They also have. to
struggle to reconcile the

fact that they are part of :

the Botha Cabinet and at
the same time claiming
on t@e other hand that
they are a more effective
o] ition than the PFP.

are part of the Gov-
ernment and then pre-
tend in open debate that

CSO: 3400/596

they fight for the under-
dog — there they have
not achieved much.

“Here the PFP was
still the most effective
parliamentary watchdog
of black rights.”

Professor Kleynhans
said it was important to

i-Fealise that it was prear-

ranged by President
Botha to have only the
minor issues put through
Parliament so that con-
sensus could be reached
creating the impression
‘that the new system had
withstood the test of
time.

“Even the major-issues

. such as the Mixed Mar-
riages and Immorality
Jaws and the Political In-

+ terference laws had al-
ready been set down for
scrapping by the Govern-
ment and it was only left
to the other chambers to
rubber-stamp it.

* “T would like to have
seen Mr Rajbansi take a
much stronger stand on
black political participa-
tion. The bottom line is
that we have wasted an-
other year. The Cabinet
committee has wasted
three years on the ques-
tion of black participa-

69

tion. We know what has
to be done about the

- litical rights of blacks.
We can’t wait any
longer.”

What should get the
top priority during the
recess was for the NPP
and Solidarity to build up
party membership — re-
spectable, broadbased
masses of card-carrying
members with organised
branches and.offices and
established as geographi-
cally widely as possible.

“Political analysts ex-

ect more from the

louse of Delegates in
terms of fighting for
black rights. We don’t ex-
pect the coloured House
to do much.”

He warned that Mr
Rajbansi’s party could
not feel too safe in its
position as controlling
party in the Indian cham-

“With the Political In
terference Act scrapped,
other people may come
forward and form a new
party committed to
aligning themselves with
the PFP. Rajbansi will
have to take strong
stands and deliver the
goods.”



JPRS-SSA~85-067
1 August 1985

LESOTHO
RADIO WELCOMES PUBLICATION OF NEW DAILY PAPER
MB101937 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 10 Jul 85
[Station commentary: "Focus on The Nation's Freedom of Foreign Expression"]

[Text] Last Monday the country merrily witnessed the birth of THE NATION,
yet another newspaper, but with the distinct feature of it being a daily.
The appearance of this first daily in Lesotho cannot but. be welcomed by
all who cherish the basic rights of elementary freedoms of expression

and thought.

The paper should fill a void that was a matter of extreme concern to both
the media profession and the avid newspaper audience in Lesotho. For

too long, the public in Lesotho had to rely on dailies published in South
Africa, whose bias was -~ not unreasonably -- towards a focus of South
African preoccupations and peculiarly South African perceptions.

THE COMET/MOCHOCHONONO, LESELINYANE LA LESOTHO, and MOELETSI WA BASOTHO
all made valiant efforts to satisfy the needs of readers. Admittedly, they
could not satisfy every one and, because of stringent financial ceilings,
they could hardly provide news on a daily basis to the public.

That notwithstanding, they are still performing a valuable service to
Lesotho, whatever reservations one might have about the inherent and
intrinsic thresholds of their editorial policies.

It is, nevertheless, important that they do hold those editorial perspectives,
as they represent a substantial body of thought in Lesotho. It is in

this context that the editorial policy of THE NATION is bound to provide

an additional dimension of influcential opinion in the country, if the

paper lives up to the expectations it has raised.

The first issue of THE NATION provides a glimpse of that editorial policy.
Time alone will demonstrate the extent to which the paper is capable of
meeting its own standards. Monday's issue of THE NATION stated the manage-
ment's policy in the following terms: Our standpoint is simple, THE
NATION is an independent newspaper. We intend to remain so. We will
provide news for Lesotho, of southern Africa generally and the world at
large, as accurately as possible.

24



POLITICAL SCIENTIST SAYS ANC MAY HAVE WON BATTLE OF IDEAS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Jun 85 p 11

[Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text]

. The African National Congress may possi-
bly have won the battle of ideas, Dr Tom
Lodge, a political scientist at the Universi-
ty of the Witwatersrand, said last night.”

He said the ANC had widespread legitimacy

, in the townships and had gained acknowledge-

; Ment, at least, as an inescapable fact of politi-
cal life by a significant proportion of whites.

He added, however, that it was an open question
whether the ANC had the organisational ability to
co-ordinate and direct the largely spontaneous vio-

Tence which had flared across

{trained men are func-
“tioning in South Africa
! for longer and longer

cso: 3400/597

ith Africa.

i times”. :
/@ That guerillas
, Seemed less dependent
“ on outside orders, as the
‘bombings: of Anglo
: American and Anglo
“Vaal ies in
Johannesburg almost
‘within hours of the
mass firings at the
mines earlier this year

"7 suggested. ;

‘PROPAGANDA °
Dr . Lodge described

| }the State or white South

’ Africans, but to build a

, Xn contrast to earlier :
‘sabotage, the targets se-

: Pe following.”

67

“lected in this second
phase of the ANC’s
veampaign’ — for. in-

;Stance administra-
tion/development board
Offices — -apy

peared
‘geared to make an im-

“pact in the townships.
* Recent YY

legitimacy of the ANC
in the black community.
Even organisations such

* as Inkatha, which did

not go along with the
present-day ANC, did
not outrightly repudiate
the ANC tradition, Dr
e said.
Addressing. the ques-
tion of the Gaborone

‘raid, Dr Lodge said

South African Police

operational base had
been hit. .

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

It was hard to believe

that the ANC would site
i Beye i

onnel in strik-

a the Maseru and
:. Matola raids, he said.
Details of the most



gprs-SSA~85-067
Taugust 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POLL REVEALS POLITICAL CYNICISM, ALIENATION AMONG COLOREDS, INDIANS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Jun 85 p 24

[Text]

CSO:

3400/598

An HSRC poll among col-
oureds and Indians has
“shown that many people

in these communities do.

not want to participate in
the conventional political
process in South Africa.

Researchers found
when questioning 1000
Indians and 1000 col-
oureds that many of them
were also politically
alienated.

Feelings of political
powerlessness, the re-
searchers found, went
hand in hand with a polit-
ical cynicism and these
two attitudes were prev-
alent among most of the

dents. .

A research report on
‘the coloured and Indian
glections found that the

; 20 percent poll among

| dians and the 80 percent
poll by coloureds was wi-
dely interpreted as disap-
pointingly low.

“The percentage poll
for Indians must indeed
be seen as low in view of
the fact that 28 percent of
the Indian respondents
had indicated before. the
poll that they interided to
- Vote, :

60

“One reason why some
Indian voters did not
carry out their intention
to vote may have been
that the election for col-
oureds took place six
days before the Indian
elections, and intimida-
tion and threats ap-
parently reached a cli-
max in the interim.”

Researchers said that
in a poll before the elec-
tions a greater propor-
tion of both Indian and
coloured respondents had
indicated their intention
to vote under the new
constitutional dispensa-
tion than had done so
under the old dispensa-
vet rhil 10,4 if
. “ le 10,4 percent of
the Indian respondents
said they had voted in the
last elections for the SA
Indian Council, 28 per-
cent said they wanted to
vote for the new trica-
meral parliament.

“And whereas 17 per-

cent of the coloureds in- ,

dicated they had voted in
the last elections for the
erstwhile Coloured

resentative Council,
22,9 percent planned to
wote for thé. new trica-
meral parliament.”



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

KENYA

MOI ORDERS SURRENDER OF ALL ILLEGAL GUNS
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 22 Jun 85 pp 1, 20

[Text] President Daniel arap Moi said yesterday that the country's internal
security was the sole responsibility of the government and there was no need
therefore for people to keep illegal guns in their homes.

He asked such people to surrender the guns in their possession to the govern-
ment and told wananchi to disclose those they knew had such guns.

"Nobody should keep illegal guns on the pretext of self-defence," he said.

President Moi was addressing a goodwill delegation from West Pokot District
which called on him at his Kabarak home led by two sitting members of parlia-
ment from the district, Mr James Korellach and Mr William Sindano, and the
West Pokot District Commissioner, Mr Peter Lagat.

He also advised the people of the district to refrain from cattle rustling,
which he said had robbed the district of livestock and many lives.

The President advised the people of West Pokot district to build more secon-
dary schools to absorb the increasing number of primary school children. At
the moment, he said, the district had an insufficient number of secondary
schools, which were not enough to take in all primary school leavers.

On the forthcoming Kanu elections, President Moi called on the people of the
district to elect only those leaders who promote peace and development, and
those who offered mature leadership.

He further advised them to live in peace and cooperation in order to achieve
faster development in the district, adding that hatred only brought about
misunderstanding and bloodshed.

President Moi assured the delegation that the government would continue to
promote development in the district and continue to assist those affected by
food shortages.

The district, he pointed out, needed leaders who could marshall people's
efforts towards further development, and who displayed mature leadership.

17



JPRS~SSA~85~-067
1 August 1985

NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

RED CROSS TO. VISIT-~The: cabinet of South-West Africa's government for national
unity has unanimously agreed that the representatives of the International
Red Cross be allowed to visit detainees in the Windhoek prison. The

cabinet also decided to set up. a committee td investigate ways of

Promoting security for industrial Plants. This committee will fall under

the supervision of the economic affaird department within the cabinet.

[Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in Afrikaans 0830 GMT 11

Jul 85]

CSO: 3400/630

34



On the heels of this political dispute came another -- this one
economic. Senegal in effect sentenced Casamance to economic death.
Everybody knows how it sabotaged the very important place given
Casamance in the first plan, drafted when Mamadou Dia was prime
minister.

The National Chinese came, followed by People's China. They talked
to us about rice-growing projects in Sedhiou, about the Interna-
tional Land Development Corporation (ILACO), about the Integrated
Agricultural Development Project in Casamance (PIDAC), and the
Casamance River Development Company (SOMIVAC), and so on: a moun-
tain of organizations, hordes of experts and technicians, stacks of
plans, projects, files, financing arrangements, etc., labored long
and brought forth a puny mouse. In 1968, the Taiwan Chinese said:
"we are not free to move about, The Senegalese sent us into
Casamance for pure propaganda purposes. When we are ready to start
work on a project, they put spokes in our wheels. If the Senega-
lese government would let us do all we are capable of doing, in

5 years Casamance would be growing rice enough to feed all of Sene-
gal, and in 7 years there would be surpluses for export. But the
authorities sabotage everything."

Rural development in Casamance has been intentionally sabotaged in
favor of agriculture in the Fleuve region. Ever since colonial
times, they have been spending enormous amounts of money, to the
detriment of Casamance, which is naturally better suited to agri-
culture and far less costly to farm, on providing infrastructures
whose economic payoff is extremely dubious by comparison with the
sums poured into them.

The share proposed for Casamance in the first 4-Year Plan was so
savagely gutted that Mamadou Dia, then in a good position to know
what he was talking about, called Casamance "a region betrayed."
The Senegalese government pushed betrayal into open cynicism when
it began recruiting Diola peasants to work the rice-fields in the
Senegal River valley, and never mind that Casamance had bigger rice
fields that were far easier to plant and manage.

In Basse-Casamance, sugar cane grows in the backyards of cabins,
without any particular attention. The Senegalese government would
rather make. the cane grow in the Fleuve region, with lots of money
for fertilizer! And what quality of cane is it likely to get?

Roads and Forests

That brings us to the road problem. The Trans-Gambia. highway dates
back 30 years. It was built during the colonial era by the OSSUD
Company, The signs along its shoulders, showing the names of
towns between Ziguinchor and Bignona, have not been replaced: they
still read "R.F. 101," meaning "Federal Highway 101." The "fe-
deration" referred to is, of course, French West Africa!

54



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

KENYA

GOVERNMENT ISSUES WHITE PAPER ON UNEMPLOYMENT

Nairobi E A REPORT ON TRADE & INDUSTRY in English Jun 85 pp 4-6

[Article by Chander Mehra]

[Text]

NEMPLOYMENT is a serious pro-

blem everywhere. The richest country
in the world, the United States, has been
facing this nerve- and home-wrecking crisis
which has given many sleepless nights to its
leaders even before it was born as a full-
fledged State amid turmoil in 1776.

Great Britain and France as well as some
other former colonising countrigs in the
West, the so-called First World, are in much
deeper trouble than the New World (USA)
in regard to the same problem.

No much is known about the Second
World, the Socialist bloc, except officially
released figures but it can safely be assumed,
not presumed, that the unemployment
situation in those countries is even more
acute than in the New World and the First
World.

This leaves us with the Third World, the
developing nations whose unemployment
problems are magnified out of all
proportion. The problem in this region is, of
course, more acute than in the rest of the
world. But the governments of most of the
less developed nations tend to hide the facts
behind a shield of rhetoric.

The Kenya Government is one of the very
few which does not flinch from taking the
people into its confidence with regard to the
problems facing the country, unemployment
being one of them. For it is only by frankly
admitting the existence of a problem in the
first place that one can proceed to analyse its
magnitude and the various socio-economic
factors which give rise to it and then devise a
multi-pronged strategy to solve it.

This is the rational and pragmatic way to
solve any problem: To face it squarely and
then attempt to solve it as speedily as
possible. President Daniel arap Moi’s
Government is doing just that.

On May 22, the Minister for Labour, Dr.
Robert Ouko, presented to Parliament a
White Paper on Unemployment which in

20

effect is a proposed Plan of Action for
overcoming Kenya's unemployment
problem on a short- , medium- and long-
term basis.

It will be recalled that some time in 1982
President Moi had set up a committee on the
subject under the chairmanship of Mr.
Maina Wanjigi, now the inister for
Works, Housing and Physical Planning.
The committee has since submitted its
recommendations and these are now
referred to as the “Wanjigi Report.”

The White Paper is the kind of document
which is worth emulating by the rest of the
Third World in terms of good planning on
the part of the Kenya Government.

The implementation of plans is another
kettle of fish and President Moi himself has
often lamented that it is not a lack of good
planning but tardiness in implementation of
such projects that is causing serious
problems in the Kenyan economy, thus
aggravating the unemployment problem,
along with many other which are not the
subiect of this article but are beine studied
very carefully by the World Bank, the
International Monetary Fund, the
International Development Association and
other World Bank affiliates, as well as
bilateral and multilateral lending agencies
funded by countries which have come to be
known as “donors”.

Occasionally, the assessment of the
borrowed “experts” from abroad anywhere
in the world touches only the fringes of any

iven problem. Even so, the widespread

lief throughout Africa that the ex-colonial
masters still carry the “White Man’s burden”
‘still exists, more so now than before the
peoples of the then subjugated colonies
began to realise that some such borrowed
experts (not expertise) do more for the
countries from which they come (and for
themselves) than for the areas to which they
are assigned.



JPRS~SSA~85-067

1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

{Article by Bruce Cameron]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN - The bit-
terness of the Boer-Brit
fight. is fast disappearing,
but it appears to have
left a legacy militating
against the English lan-
guage which could take
many ‘years to overcome.
t year there was se-
vere criticism after the
referendum ‘that the Na-
tional ‘Party had done lit-
tle to acknowledge the
support given by English-
speaking South African
whites for the new Con-
stitution.
The criticisms said Na-
tional Party iets

: were dominated
kaners, and“Government
appointments to stat-
utory bodies favoured
as did senior
appointments in the pub-
lic service.

Speaking at a public .
meeeting in Durban at
the time, President Botha
replied to say, more or
:less, that the critics
would have to eat their
words) i

He followed this u by
appointing English-
speaking Nationalists to
the President's Council,
Mr John ‘Wiley to the
Cabinet, and more re-

a Deputy Minister.
_ But. the most surpris-

LANGUAGE REMAINS SENSITIVE ISSUE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Jun 85 p 13

ing and conciliatory ap-
pointment was Mr Rad-
clyffe Cadman as Admin-
istrator of Natal — a
man clearly not a Nation-

- alist.

SENSITIVE ISSUE

However, questions are
still being asked whether

. these appointments are

tokenism, and whether
the Government still
pays loyalty first to Afri-

anerdom, rather than a
greater South Africa-

nism.
Despite the growing ~
cross-pollination betwee

English and Afrikaans
segments of the popula-
tion, ge remains a
most sensitive issue. -

In some ways it has
been made worse by the
fight within Afrikaner-
dom itself.

The Conservative .

Party, has been using the
as one of

language issue
mr remeios
pr cat te eye Bros

Shere Naflonalists have

tried to rebut.

It is this fight which
might explain the sec-
tional speech made by
Mr Botha recently at the
Taalmonument at Paarl

: to celebrate the 60th an-

87

niversay of Afrikaans as
an officiual language.

If an English-speaker
had made such a speech
about English it would
have earned the wrath of
Afrikanerdom. .

The theme of the
speech was to promote
Afrikaans as the lingua
franca of South Africa.

The CP, because peo-
ple of colour had been in-
fited to the event, was

1e onl; ical ty in
Parliament whet did not
accept the invitation to
attend.

The CP is firmly of the
opinion that Afrikaans is
a “white man’s lan-
Epa ei

gradually
“bond, and not only recog-
nises that other racial

groups speak Afrikaans,

is now starting to ac-

«tively promote it-as a

Janguage across racial
lines.

Though NP politicians
| tend to use- the term
“whites” to include all
whites, they still talk un-
ashamedly about: “die
Volk”.

And “die Volk” ‘means
only one thing — Afri-
kanerdom.

;: The big question re-
mains: Is there a

Acy to push out English?



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SENEGAL

MOUSTAPHA NIASS PLEDGES NOT TO OPPOSE REGIME
Dakar LE DEVOIR in French Jun 85 p 3

[Report by Pathe Mbodje of interview in Dakar on 8 February 1985 with
Moustapha Niass, former prime minister]

{Text] "I will never be an agitator; I will never be a subversive; I will
never be an opponent of this regime" (of President Abdou Diouf). That is all
one succeeds in getting out of Moustapha Niass, the former prime minister and
former minister of state for foreign affairs. In any case, that is all that he
wanted to say.

This man, who intends to do everything in the open, is happy about his current
situation and only hopes that he will be "left in peace." He does add that he
does not feel bitterness or rancor about what happened to him. A fervent
Muslim, he expresses infinite "thanks to God" and refuses to make any comment
about the men and women with whom he worked and among whom he has excellent
friends. Certainly, Moustapha Niass is willing to talk about himself, but
only himself. And in the singular. And about the present.

But who is afraid of Moustapha Niass? For it should not be concealed: in some
circles, mainly political, there has been concern ever since the former prime
minister and former minister of state for foreign affairs declined offers that
would have taken him outside Senegal. The OAU? No thanks! The Cultural and
Technical Cooperation Agency (AGECOOP)? No thanks! Air Afrique? No thanks!
What then? To stay in Senegal with his family, to which he intends to devote
attention from now on.

This was all that was needed to arouse the wildest speculations about the real
or supposed intentions of Mr Niass. Indeed, according to some sources, the
reason why Moustapha Niass declined all these offers in order to stay in
Senegal was not only that he had an idea in the back of his head, but also and
primarily because he had made sure of his support bases and could proceed with
assurance. Of course, Moustapha Niass, whom we met on 8 May, rejected these
accusations and said he only wanted to successfully carry out his new project
of opening a consulting office. Though one feels he was speaking sincerely,
one cannot swear as to what he will do tomorrow. Not because he himself does
not want to think too much about it--putting himself entirely in the hands of

41



‘Commenting on reports that white staffers were seeking greater
security, Mr Kekane said: “The only security they need is their
attitude towards students. We students also need security from the
police and academic terrorism.” .

What is the future of Turfloop? .

. “We think things can return to normal if the administration can
understand the genuine grievances of students and respond accord-
ingly,” was the parting shot from the two student leaders.

82



JPRS~SSA~85-067
1 August 1985

SENEGAL

BRIEFS

FINANCIAL AGREEMENT WITH. EEC--The EEC has granted our country a financial
assistance of 33 billion CFA francs to back up its development efforts.
The money will help to combat desert encroachment and to promote self-
sufficiency in food. Guy (Depeche), general director of development at
the European Commission, and Mamadou Toure, minister of finance, signed
the financial agreement, respectively, for the EEC and Senegal this
afternoon. [Excerpt] [Dakar Domestic Service in French 2000

GMT 9 Jul 85 AB]

CSO: 3400/636

59



DESEGREGATED TRAINS CAUSE MIXED FEELINGS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Jun 85 p 4

[Text]

cso:

3400/599

The desegregation of certain coaches on inter-city
and suburban trains from September 1 has been met
‘with mixed feelings by Johannesburg commuters.
: / The move was announced y by the Minis-
, ter of Transport Affairs, Mr Hendrik Schoeman.

Some commuters interviewed at:the Johannesburg
station during a snap survey said the integration
would not make any difference because petty apart-

heid still affected other areas of everyday life.

Yet Mr Bernard Maswanganyi (28), a Sowetan who
in six years of commuting has had to turn to whites-
only coaches ‘because of overcrowding and faced the
humiliation of being’ thrown off by rs, wel-

,comed the move.: fares will be the
. “Now, perhaps, fares only form of dis-
crimination on Trains” he said.

Miss Denise Jacovie (18) said “it doesn’t matter
who I share a coach with as long as the other com-
muters are well-behaved and decent”.

OTHER FACILITIES :

“These changes don’t really worry me —.'m from
Zimbabwe,” said Mr John Norton with a shrug.

Mr Renier Roets, who was travelling.to Durban

‘with his family, insisted he would be using the whites-
only carriage by, choice”. Pa

*. Mr Gabriel Ndimande, waiting for:the train on
‘Platform Number 14, said he would be pleased if
‘other facilities were also opened. to-blacks. “There is
nowhere to buy refreshments | pe tae

Mrs Jessica Smith, an American, said she felt
Strongly about segregation and said the “whites-only”
‘signs at ‘the entrance to the station were offensive.

An angry. pensioner asked how the dismantling-of
just one aspect of segregation would help the country.
| Reporters of The Star were .asked to leave the
‘station by a Railways policeman and two other Rail

mays employees, od the “whites-only” signs at
assed " signs
the entrance to the station concourse. ‘
: Black commuters presently use the stairs on the
‘east side of the station to get on to the platforms.

83

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



The mining sector had begun to recover with an upturn in demand for diamonds
and some base mineral exports, notably copper. The drought cycle appeared to
have reached an end, for the time being, although it would take several years
to build up cattle and karakul sheep stocks again. Although pilchard and
anchovy catches were still well below those of 20 years ago, there had been
a modest recovery,

Uranium exports, however, were likely to remain depressed because of continued
high world stocks.

But major problems remained and most worrying, was the fact that a new govern-—
ment would inherit a major external debt problem because of substantial bor-
rowing by the Windhoek administration--a problem it could seek to have writ-
ten off because of an International Court of Justice opinion in 1971 that it
was under no legal obligation to honour the terms of loans agreed during the
colonial period.

Another problem area would be to determine just what the country has in terms
of foreign reserves. It does not currently have a central bank and its for-
eign exchange earnings are merged with those of South Africa. Devising an
appropriate formula to determine its share of the Rand Monetary Area foreign
reserves will therefore be "tricky".

On the plus side, however, Namibia had a great deal of as yet untapped poten-
tial which could attract investment, forge ties with neighbouring SADCC coun-
tries and promote development. In addition, independence under a universally-
recognised government would result in the injection of a considerable amount
of aid for development programmes.

CSO: 3400/617

28



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

BOTSWANA

REASONS FOR GABORONE ATTACK DISCUSSED

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 17 Jun 85 pill

[Text] ' THREE reasons can be South Africa as poten-
, found for the South Afri- tially the most sensitive
can attack on certain of the Republic’s inter-
houses in the Botswana national boundaries.
capital of Gaborone: Re- It is likely that the tim-
taliation for the grenade ing of the raid is no coin-
attacks in Cape Town, a cidence. In defence cir-
long-standing concern cles no bones are made
about African National about the fact that the
Congress infiltration strafing of certain tar-
into the Republic and an Sets in the Mozambican
astute internal public-re- capital of Maputo on May
‘lations move. 23 of 1983, two days after
Botswana has been the the Church Street bomb
ANC’s only local spring- explosion, was carried
board and advanced plan- out primarily in retali-
ning and command post ation, and to prove to
since the Nkomati both the ANC and Its host
Agreement of April last that no sanctuary could
year resulted in the be considered sale.
abrupt wind-down of the In the present case, re-
Movement’s operations taliation. would also
from Mozambique. prove that the govern-
With _ Mozambique ment was taking the
closed off and Zimbabwe, strongest ible steps
Lesotho and Swaziland ' to avenge the grenade at-
yielding to South African tacks on two coloured
Pressure to allow only politicians.
militarily inactive ANC There can be little
presences on their soil, doubt that for a long time
the movement’s military the South African secur-
{ wing had only two alter- ity forces have been ana-
t natives: To operate out of jing a flow of informa-
Botswana or shut up shop lon on ANC activities in
altogether. Botswana, and creating
y_ Inevitably Botswana and continuously up-dat-
| was thus igged into ing “target dossiers”.
the struggle between the ‘It ts also very likely
ANC and the Republic, in ‘that planners would have
spite of its policy of non- drawn up. contingency at-
intervention. tack’schemes as a inatter
Unfortunately for ‘of routine, plotting ap-
Botswana, it happens to proach and exit routes
be uncomfortably close and practising various
;to South Africa’s vitally techniques.
‘important industrial On the basis of this
heartland, the PWV (Pre- ground work, it would be
toria-Witwatersrand- , easy to mount a small
Vereeniging) area — in : pre-emptive raid such as
fact, many observers re- ‘last week’s at short
gard its border with notice.



state. These apprehensions are reflected in a questioning to which no one has
yet found an answer: Who supports him, since he dared to stay in Senegal?
Might he not use his society as a cover for engaging in subversion, or at
least trying to revenge himself on his recent detractors? Doesn't he aspire
to play a national role, even though he claims otherwise?

The answer of Moustapha Niass to all these quesions and to others not
expressed is contained in three phrases: "I will never be an agitator; I will
never be a subversive; I will never be an opponent of this regime." At any
rate, that is what he avowed to us himself on 8 May. Why? Because he puts
dignity, a sense of honor, and loyalty among the priorities of a man who seeks
to be responsible.

Certainly, by remaining faithful to his spiritual master he remains fathful to
a certain idea of Senegal: "that of a country of peace, of serenity; a country
where one always operates in the open; a country without opportunism or
activism; a country where all are devoted to the same cause--and here I am not
eritizing anyone; a country where one should help others with generosity,
selflessness, and without demagogy."

Is such an explanation enough then to fully understand him, this former
politician? Or must we credit him with national intentions today? Moustapha
Niass says he knows too well what government is and what power is to run after
it. But what about the future? The former prime minister does not want to
think about tomorrow, entrusting himself to God, who will dispose of his
physical being in accordance with his wise will.

What can he say at this time? That he is happy with his present situation.
"If it was my presence in the government and my functions in the party that
were the concern, then those who wanted me to leave should be comforted;
however, if it is my existence as Moustapha Niass that is the problem, then
they must resort to God."

For the moment, in the easy comfort of his office on Place de 1'Independance,
Moustapha Niass' only wish is to work, pay attention to his family, play
sports, and stay quiet in his corner. However, even though Moustapha Niass
has lost a little weight, through his "jogging" every evening on the coast
road, it will be hard to make people forget him. For we must certainly take
into account his 26 years of militant activity and his vision of a certain
Senegal. These are the compelling influences, if we may be permitted this
pleonasm.

9920
CSO: 3419/438

43



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

NINTH ANNIVERSARY OF NAVY--The People's Navy of Angola [MGPA] today celebrates
its ninth anniversary, 9 years dedicated to the defense of Angola's
territorial waters. The sailors, sergeants, and officers of that branch

of the FAPLA forces, this morning celebrated the occasion with a political
rally at one of the MGPA's naval bases. Those combatants who have

zealously and devotedly fulfilled all tasks the government demands from

them in Angola's current revolutionary phase were promoted to dieutenant,
second lieutenant, first lieutenant, and captain positions. Ina speech

made on the occasion, Captain Gaspar dos Santos Rufino, the acting

commander of the MGPA, eulogized the moral, political, and military

qualities of the late Lieutenant Colonel Manuel Augusto Alfredo, the former
commander of the MGPA, who died in a recent road accident in Luanda. Cap
Gaspar dos Santos Rufino also spoke about the role of MGPA soldiers.

He referred, naturally, to deficienceis within the MGPA, and its

successes over the years. [Excerpt] [Luanda Domestic Service in

Portuguese 1900 GMT 10 Jul 85]

VIGILANCE BRIGADES VISIT--Sofia, July (BTA) -- A delegation of the
National Administration of the People's Vigilance Brigades Gf Angola,
headed by Mr Balthazar Rodrigues de Silva, national co-ordinator of

the Administration arrived here on the invitation of the National

Council of the Fatherland Front. Tdday talks were held between the
Angolan delegation and a delegation of the National Council of the
Fatherland Front, headed by Mr Pencho Kubadinski, member of the Politburo
of the CC of the BCP and chairman of the National Council. Mr Pencho
‘Kubadinski informed the guests about the activities undertaken by the
Fatherland Front. The head of the Angolan delegation dwelled upon the
internal political situation in his country and upon the People's
Vigilance Brigades. Be stated that despite the difficulties brought about
by the burden of the colonial inheritance and the unceasing provications
of imperialist and counterrevolutionary forces, the Angolan people are
defending successfully the achievements of their revolution and are con-
structing steadily the new society. Mr Pencho Kubadinski and Mr Balthazar
Rodriguez da Silva signed an agreement of cooperation between the National
Council of the Fatherland Front and the People's Vigilance Brigades of
Angola for the 1985-1989 period. [Text] [Sofia BTA in English 1800 GMT

3 Jul 85]

cso: 3400/630



Our best and brightest chance for development is not to be found
in individualism or in isolation, but in serious, responsible
groups that are willing to take time to organize; there is the
goal of the OAU.

[question] Apparently you did not ask for international aid last
year, or even this year. Are we right in assuming that you held
back out of reticence and dignity? You know that it is hard to get
any aid without applying for it. We should like to know the reason
for your restraint and, and, also, whether the aid you have received
from Europe seems to meet your expectations. And, lastly, how much
help have you got from the great bloc countries: USSR, USA, and
China?

[answer ] Nigeriens like to do things quietly, without a lot of
noise. We would rather do the’ job ourselves, The -interhational
aid community’ is represented here in Niger by its embassies, which
are quite capable of sound judgments as to our situation, and they
report their findings to their governments. I must tell you how
deeply we were moved by the outpouring of compassion we have felt.
Your Secretary of State, M de Donnea, when he was visiting here,
went straight to the heart of the problem to see for himself, and
that was more important to us than millons of tons of wheat or
maize. What happens during the next few months is going to mean
the most. The new directions given to our cooperation’ will put

us in a position to do business. There are many factors at work:
a fairly long span of time elapses between the day food aid is pro-
mised and the day the promise is kept. It takes at least 5 to 6
months for that aid to reach its destination. In Niger's case,
only 68,000 tons of the 350,000 promised have reached us. These
days, the transport to déliver the food to the people who need it
is one more logistical problem that must be borne in mind. Hence,
of the 68,000 tons of food we did get, we could deliver only
40,000 tons to the people. In order to solve this problem, we
have asked the European Community for help in improving our infra-
structures -- our roads, our ports, and our railroads.

As for aid from Western Europe, I want you to know that we perceive
a difference between the Western world and Eastern Europe. The
West has brought as a degree of development and, at the recent
meeting of the European heads of State in Dublin first, and then
in Bonn, some very positive commitments were made.

The USSR, a great power which we respect, has a doctrine that does
mot allow it to behave like the Western world. As of this moment,
Niger has yet to receive a single gram of food from the USSR. Yet
China, a very distant country, has done its bit to help us.

{guestion] Niger's principal resource is uranium. What are your

markets right now? Is it true that Iran wants to buy 2,000 tons
of that mineral?

37



In Nanyuki, KNA reported that a matatu owner, Mr Alfred Gakuya, defeated a
Nanyuki councillor, Mr Gitonga King'ori for the post of Municipal Kanu
chairman.

And in Karatina, new officials swept the Karatina town Kanu leadership after
defeating stalwarts such as the township chairman Coun. Stephen Njeru and a
prominent businessman J.K, Mugambi, The chairmanship was captured by Mr
Timothy Wangai Muruki.

In the meantime, the Nyeri District Kanu chairman, Mr Henry Wariithi was
defeated in a fight for his Muhito Locational chairmanship by Mr Dickson
Gachie, a businessman who polled 146 votes against Wariithi's 29, KNA reported.

The chairman of National Housing Corporation, Mr William ole Ntimama captured
the Narok Town Kanu chairmanship.

Education Minister, Prof. Jonathan Ng'’eno, was elected unopposed as the

chairman of Kisiara location in his Buret constituency while an Assistant
Minister in the Office of the President, Mr Isaac Salatt, was also elected
unopposed as the chairman for Longisa location in his Bomet constituency.

In Kirinyaga, elections for the Mutira location had to be delayed until the
afternoon because some delegates refused to enter into the polling hall at
the Mutitu New Polytechnic because they were waiting for an assistant
minister for Transport and Communications Mr Matere Keriri, adds Joseph
Wachira.

The elections were eventually conducted in the absence of the assistant
minister who never turned up.

In the meantime, a former head of the civil service, Mr G.K. Kariithi was
elected chairman of Kabare location. General Kasam Njogu was also elected
chairman of Baragwi location.

The incumbent Kirinyaga branch chairman, Mr James Njiru was elected unopposed
as chairman in his Inoi location.

CSO: 3400/606

16



He, however, indicated that interest on such foreign accounts shall be
exempted from Ghana tax and said further details or information about the
operation of the foreign accounts may be obtained from the authorised banks.

Mx Akompong explained that adequate measures have been taken to protect the
interest of customers by giving the assurance that "the principle of banking
secrecy will be adhered to under this new scheme."

He said the operations of the scheme will be free from interference by the
Bank of Ghana because "we are sure the government will not do anything to
jeopardise the successful implementation of the scheme."

"In fact, if anything at all, the government would want to tap the foreign
exchange resource of Ghanaians overseas," he added.

Mr Akompong assured the public that "the government has realised the impor-
tance of the banking sector in the economy and will not do anything that will
derail the scheme." ~

The Executive Director announced that the Exchange Control Laws currently in
force are going to be changed to conform to the new scheme.

In addition, he said, certain restrictions would be removed to attract more
people to operate foreign accounts to ensure the successful operation of the
scheme.

This is so because in 1980 when a similar scheme was introduced it could not
work due to so many bottlenecks enshrined in the laws then.

It would be recalled that in his budget statement in April, this year,
Dr Kwesi Botchwey, Secretary for Finance and Economic Planning, gave hints

of the government's intention to have such accounts operated by the local
banks.

cso: 3400/609

11



SWAZILAND

Meiring Holds Press Conference on SWATF Strength, SWAPO
~ (SOWETAN, (27 Jun 85)...sscececececccscercecececererecsceee

Briefs
Swazis Urged To Observe Traditions
South African Publications Banned
Delegation to RSA

TANZANIA

Nyerere Greets Refugees, Warns Against Plotting
(DAILY NEWS, 18 Jun 3) he

Nyerere Opens Western Financed Applied Engineering Institute
(James Mwakisyala; SUNDAY NEWS, 16 Jun 85) ..cceeeeeeeeceeee

Nyerere Condemns RSA Raid on Botswana
(SUNDAY NEWS, 16 Jun 85)...+eeerceeeecescereererercerrerers

SUNDAY NEWS Calls for Continued PLO Support
(Editorial SUNDAY NEWS, Q Jun 85). ccceceeccecccececsevesess

Staple Food Prices Continue To Fall
(DAILY NEWS, 8 Jun 3) ee ae

Power Shortage Prevents Glass Plant Opening
(DAILY NEWS, 21 Jun 3) ed

Briefs
Party Delegation for Albania
Nicaraguan Plane Disposal Sought
Tazara Meets Malawian Transporters
SINOTASHIP Buys New Ship
Cashewnut Figures Given
Petrol, Gas Aid
Iran Donates Tents

ZIMBABWE

Purge Threats by Mugabe Make Whites Wary of Returning
(THE CITIZEN, 5 Jul 0)

Mugabe Says Whites Don't Want Reconciliation
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Jul 85)....-eeeeeeeeees

98

99

99

99

100

101

102

104

106

107

108
108
108
109
109
109
110

111

113



JPRS~SSA~85-067
1 August 1985

TANZANIA

POWER SHORTAGE PREVENTS GLASS PLANT OPENING
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 21 Jun 85 p 3

[Text]

THE CONSTRUCTION of
the Mbagala sheet glass plant in
Dar es Salaam has been
completed. However,
roduction cannot begin
immediately - because _ the
supply of electric power is
unreliable.

‘The plant,- under the
Tanzania Saruji Corporation
(TSC), has a capacity of
producing 15,000 tonnes of
sheet glass annually. The plant
could have started operations
shortly but for. the power
constraints, the TSC General
Manager, Ndugu__Rumisha

Kimambo, has said. -

Although the... Tanzania’:
Electric _ Supply: - Company
(TANESCO) had installed
power there — about 1.3
megawatts — they had not
guaranteed it was sufficient to

ensure smooth production:
At full production” - the

sophisticated machinery, worth
over 200m/- would need over 2
megawatts, he added. aan
* The construction of the plant
began in 1981 after TSC signed
an agreement with a Belgian.

3400/593

firm for the supply and erection
of machinery and equipment
valued at 204.1m/-. Estimated
total construction costs then
were over 376m/-."
Ndugu Kimambo said they

‘could switch dn the electricity
_ to start production unless the

question of who would pay in
case of any machinery damage
was settled between SARUJI
and TANESCO.

The TANESCO Director for
Operations, " Ndugu Silvan
Kimaryo, admitted yesterday
that his company was unable to
supply the plant with enough
power because of lack of
materials such as electric
conductors and poles. :

He ‘said TANESCO had.
advised TSC to use the present
power for initial production
and instal a stand-by diesel
generator in case of any power
interruptions or failures.

Ndugu Kimarvo said at
present TANESCO did not’

ave enough materials to cover

the distance of about ten
kilometres from Kurasini
power station to Mbagala.

lowever, efforts were being

107

made to solve the problem, he
said.
At full production, the plant is
expected to employ 140 workers,
besides administrative _ staff.
Loeal quaries' will supply
dolomite, limestone —-and
feldspar, needed in the
manufacture of sheet glass,
especially for windows.

Materials to be imported are soda
ash, salt coke and miscellaneous
chemicals.

The plant was built some 10
Kilometres from the city so as to be
near places where raw materials can
be obtained, For instance, sand will
be obtained from Mbande, a nearby
village.

In 1983, there were 25 Belgian ex-
Perts working on the plant and 25
more are expected to join them to
assist in initial production, pending
Staff localisation at the plant,

Twenty six Tanzanians were then
earntarked to go to Europe to train in
{ariows fields in sheet glass produc-

According to a United Nations In-
dustrial Development Organisation
(UNIDO) survey on’ sheet glass
market in East Africa in 1980, Tan-
Zania consumed 3,500 tonnes of the
commodity, Uganda, 2.500 tonnes
and Kenya 7,500 tonnes.



JPRS~SSA~85~-067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HENDRICKSE SAYS COMMUNISTS USING ANC
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 Jun 85 p4

[Text] . _.
CAPE TOWN. — The chairman of the Minister's
Council of the House of Representatives, the Reverend
Alan Hendrickse, said the Communist bloc, through its

" surrogate, the African National Congress, has focused
its attention on the country and is not merely opposed
to the present system of government.

Speaking at a passing out parade of policemen and

; women at Bishop Lavis in Cape Town, Mr Hendrickse
said that, in reality, the communists were against any
system of peaceful evolution from the old style of gov-
‘ernment to one in which the various population groups
could reach consensus about their daily lives and the
social, economic and political development of all.

Unlike many other countries, Mr Hendrickse said,
South Africa was going through a period of political
development and change that could only be to the ben-
efit of all its peoples. — Sapa.

CSO: 3400/597

66



The White Paper on Unemployment is an
extremely well-thougit-out document
which shows that the Kenya Government is
not only concerned about the problem but
that it is also taking every conceivable step to
solve it and overcome its effects on the
country’s economy and vice-versa. .

Before going into the details of the White
Paper and the Wanjigi Report it may be
appropriate to look at the employment
trends in 1984. The 1985 Economic Survey
issued by the Ministry of Finance and
Planning in early June says last year was
“one of mixed performance as far as
employment and inflationary tendencies are
concerned.” .

Modern sector job-creation was about
half the level recorded in the previous year.
But the inflation rate came down
substantially, from 14.6 per cent in 1983 and
22.3 per cent in 1982 to 9.1 per cent, a
phenomenal achievement.

Nominal average wages rose by 9.5 per
cent although, in real terms, the rise was less
than one per cent, taking into account the

inflation factor. .

The total number of wage:employees in
the modern sector of thie economy was
estimated at slightly more than 1.11 million
last year, compared with 1.09 million the
previous year — an increase of some 21,400

new jobs, substantially short of the target of
42, per annum set in the Fifth
Development Plan (1984-88).

In the informal sector, however, total
employment rose to about 200,000, an
increase of 8.1 per cent. Between 1983 and
1984, wage employment went up by 2 per
cent.

But the number of self-employed and
unpaid family workers dropped by almost
50 per cent. This dramatic change occurred
mainly in agriculture and forestry. The main
reasons were the restriction on the
exploitation of forests rightly imposed by
the Government as well as the accelerated

rtitioning into smaller holdings of large
farms. The allocation of these holdings to
the number of former joint owners of the
large farms often altered -their status to be
excluded from enumeration by the Central
Board of Statistics. Therefore, care should
be exercised in interpreting the data.

Altogether, wage employment areas in
Kenya accounted for 51. per cent of the
country’s total in 1984. This means there
were 2.70 million wage earners throughout
the country.at the end of last year in a total
estimated population of 19.54: million, an
extremely creditable performance,
especially when it is taken into account that
a very large percentage of the population
does not fall under the working-age group.

Even so, the Government is not satisfied.
That is as should be with a good
Government. And that is why the Wanjigi

21

Committee. was appointed, its. report was
carefully studied and the Moi
Administration’s considered response was
presented to Parliament on May 22.

The Government’s approach, like that
propounded by the Wanjigi Report and
enunciated under the various Plans, is that
“employment generation is one of the
critical linkages between economic growth
and equitable distribution of income” and
that rapid job-creation “can come only from
rapid growth.”

The White Paper is also in full agreement
with the Wanjigi Report in respect of
employment in the larger context of the
Government’s aim’ to alleviate poverty,
enhanced productivity and higher income
for all.

“Although Government is, and will
continue to be, the single -biggest wage
employer in the economy, its greatest
leverage over employment creation can be
exercised through measures to stimulates
and guide the private sector. .

“It is firms of all sizes, individual
entrepreneurs, and large established firms in
all fields that must bear the brunt of
economic expansion and employment
creation.

“The Government's critical role is to
adopt policies and support programmes
that help make this expansion possible. In
the short term, one to two years, the only
way to increase employment dramatically
would be to expand aggregate demand by
increasing Government expenditure and/or
reducing taxes and expanding credit and the
money supply.”

However, in an open society like Kenyaa
large fraction of the stimulus thus provided
would spill over imports and quickly deplete
reserves to the point where drastic
deflationary steps might have to be taken.
Alternatively, the Government “might
control imports”. But, then, “demand would
spill over into rapid inflation.”

Between the devil and the deep sea! And
the Government admits it. “Either way,
short-term job-creation would soon turn
into sharp recession. Little would have been
accomplished and the prospects would be
dim for resumption of long-term growth.”

The Government, therefore, opts for the
only way out: Its major contribution on a
short-term basis “must be to lay the
groundwork for medium- and long-term
growth”, .

This, in turn, implies a continued policy of
fiscal and monetary restraint, “while prices
and other incentives are restructured to
encourage productive, employment-
generating investment.”

Asa result of the rapid population growth
estimated at 3.8 per cent annually, there will
be about a 14.6 per cent rise in the labout
force by the end of the current Plan period.



JPRS-SSA~85~067
August 1985

1

GABORONE SECURITY FORCES REPORTEDLY DELIBERATELY. DELAYED ACTION

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 17 Jun 85 p 11

{Article by Geoffrey Allen]

[Text]

cso:

GABORONE. — There
was considerable specu-
lation here at the week-
end that the local secur-
ity forces may have
deliberately delayed in
getting to the alleged
ANC targets while these
were still under attack
by the South African De-
fence Force.

One woman who wit-
nessed part of the strike
said: “The Botswana re-
sponse time was just on
an hour and the South
Africans were officially
said to have been in Ga-
borone for 45 minutes.”

Several sources, in-
cluding senior reporters
in Gaborone, were also
convinced that the South
Africans left a party of
men behind to make a
full assessment of the
strike.

No comment

However, there was no
official comment from
either country to con-
firm or deny either alle-
gation.

‘What is clear is that
the South Africans
missed killing several
ANC members who were
on their way to a sched-
uled ANC conference.

The meeting was to be
the most important since
1969 and was to elect
office-bearers and plan
strategy for the future.

Postponed
It has subsequently

3400/618

-nine South African

been postponed.

Botswana’s President
Dr Quett Masire said ata
weekend press confer-
ence that attacks by
‘South Africa in foreign
countries were were
ps of a total onslaught

y Pretoria to impose its
will on the region.

Dr Masire, told a press
conference that he

would call for a UN Se-
curity Couritil debate on
the attack. ©

Reading a prepared
statement to reporters, a
grim-faced Dr Masire
called the raid “a brutal
and premeditated act”.

He said the dead were

gees, two Botswana citi-
zens and a Somali. Six
others injured, among
‘them a pregnant Dutch
woman, were fighting
for their lives” in hospi-
tal, he added.

He said: “Botswana re-
jects with contempt
South Africa’s claims
that the raid was direct-
ed against ANC mem
bers. Pretoria has not
produced any weapons
or military equipment
captured in the raid and
the victims were defen-
celess civilians who
could not fight back.”

General Constand Vil-
joen, Chief of the De-
fence Force, described
the operation as a “suc-
cess” though’ they had
found some of the target
houses empty, when they

should not have been,
and they knew of larger
groups of terrorists not
in the target houses.

Intelligence

Apart from a few
small-arms recovered,
they had captured a
mass of documentary in-
telligence which would
take weeks to go through
and assess.

South Africa said the
attack was directed at 10
bases of the ANC.

The identities of the
victims have not yet
been officially released.
However, sources sad
here that they included
musician Mr Michael
Hamlyn (the only white
killed in the raid), Mr
George Phahle and his
wife Lindiwe, Mr Thami
Mnyele, Mr Basie Zondi,
Somalian Mr Ahmed
Gaiya, whose pregnant
Dutch wife is in hospital
with serious bullet
wounds, Miss Eugenia
Kobole and Miss Gladys
Kelape.

General Viljoen said
10 targets were hit,
among them safe houses
for visiting members of
the ANC underground
and for ANC ggerillas in
transit to Séuth Africa,
as well as venues for
crash-training courses
for guerillas.

Also ‘hit was the Soli-
darity News Centre, at
the Cycle Mart Building,
an office in Gaborone.

BOTSWANA



JPRS~SSA~-85~067
1 August 1985

NAMIBIA

POSSIBLE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC SCENARIO AT INDEPENDENCE ANALYZED
Harare BUSINESS HERALD in English 20 Jun 85 p 1
[Article by Lynda Loxton]

[Text] A SWAPO government in independent Namibia will have to counter wide-
ranging measures aimed at ensuring economic dependence on South Africa and
will probably follow Zimbabwe's lead by adopting a pragmatic approach to the
implementation of socialism.

This is the conclusion of a recently-completed in-depth study on Namibia's
economic prospects at independence, published by the London-based Economist
Intelligence Unit.

The authors, leading Namibia-watchers, Mr Donald Sparks and Mr Roger Murray,
admit that an internationally-recognised settlement in the territory is still
a distant prospect, but examine in detail the potential, and sometimes daunt-
ing, economic problems and challenges an independent Namibia could face,

They chronicle the convoluted history of the territory; the systematic plun-
dering of its natural resources first by multinational and then, increasingly,
South African interests; the effects of the recession on major exports like
diamonds and uranium and of the drought on the economy as a whole; South
Africa's manoeuvres to ensure a political solution suited to its needs and
the fact that Swapo will have to be included in any eventual political
settlement.

While South Africa would no doubt try to impose a whole string of political
and economic conditions on Swapo's accession to power~-including maintaining
control of the economically strategic Walvis Bay--the report examines the
likely scenario under a Swapo government.

This government, the authors believe, would largely take its cue from the
Zimbabwean experience and would be pragmatic in its implementation of
socialism.

"In particular, a Namibian government will wish to sustain or boost activity
in the main sectors of the economy, so as to provide adequate levels of state
revenue and ensure Namibia has access to international donor finance from the
World Bank and other sources," they said.

26



[Text]

Cso: 3400/622

LAW CHANGES LIFT WORK RESTRICTIONS

FROM today Whites will
be able to move freely
into Black areas to work
and vice versa — in terms
of a major crack in the

id facade an-
nounced in the Govern-
ment Gazette yesterday.

JPRS-SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Jul 85 p 2

Certain changes had
been made to the Black
Urban Areas Consolida-
tion Act which permitted
White employees working
in Black areas to move
into them freely.

Certain’ proclamations
in the Group Areas Act in
terms of which exemp-
tions had to be obtained
for a “person of colour”
to work in a White area
except under direct super-
vision of his employer

Making the announce-

i> He said the latest an-
‘nouncement . followed
other moves by Govern-
Sment in the field of trade
jand commerce, namely

95



~ “Thefe is ‘plenty of evi-
_dence for anyone who
. supports this view.

+ ‘Take for instance the
“¥ecently-appointed re-
: gional councils for cul-
- tural affairs. :

These are the bodies
which the Government is
using to promote white
cultural interests.

- In @ rough division of
, the members of the Natal
:council — the so-called
English province — only
. five of the 13 members
can be considered to be
of English stock. on

In the Free State — the
Afrikaans province —
there is no English-
speaking representation.

. In the Eastern Cape,
where English also pre-
dominates, only three of
the 16 members are Eng-
lish. :

LOADING DENIAL

The Minister of Educa-

. tion and Culturé; Mr Stof-
fel Botha, denies there is
a loading.

He says the problem is

_ that English-speakers do
not make themselves
available.

This argument has also
been used to justify the
overwhelming number of
Afrikaans-speaking ap-
pointments in the public
service. .

But the counter-argu-

cso: 3400/600

ment has been that Eng-
» lish-speakers do not join

the public service be-
~ cause they feel they do

not have equal promotion
. opportunities.

Mr Stoffel Botha
its that appointments
‘to favour Afrikaans-
Speakers, but claims this

; 1s something of the past.

....Mr Roger Burrows MP

(Progressive Federal
, Party, Pinetown), an edu-
; ¢ationist, has been rais-
; ing the language ‘issue in
» in various ways in past
‘. parliamentary session.

; . He rejects arguments
* that there is a conspiracy
; to ush out ‘English, but
_ feels South Africa has in-
* herited the legacy from

when Afrikaans was the

downtrodden language

and had to fight its way

up.
He is not happy with
the situation and feels
> that many Government
actions are harshly dis-
criminatory against Eng-

~ lish-speakers — but often -

for political rather thsn
Isnguage reasons.

For example, he cites
the poor use of English
on SABC news pro-
grammes.

The SABC works close-
ly with Afrikaans cultur-
al and language organisa-
tions, but does not do the
‘same with English organ-
isations because they are

88

seen as “too liberal”,

The political theory is
also in evidence with ‘ap-
pointments to various
statutory bodies.

It is held that when

, English-speakers are ap-
‘pointed, they are often
jot chosen because they’
are representative of the
English community but
. because they are Nation-
alists,

PLEAS REJECTED

One of the most incred-
ible examples of lan-
guage discrimination

_ Which Mr Burrows gives

lis the new requirement
that all members of se-
nior public servant man-
agement have to undergo
a seven-week manage-
ment course before being

- appointed,

* The course is fine, but
the catch is that it can be
done only at the Univer-
sity of Pretoria — and in-

_Struction is in Afrikaans
only.

Mr Burrows feels that
there should be greater
proportionality in ap-
pointments, and rejects
arguments of the Com-
mission for Administra-
tion that appointments
are made only on merit.

He said the “weight of
history counts against the
English”.



JPRS~SSA~85~-067
1 August 1985

ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

RIGHTS FOR KUNAMA PEOPLE--In a statement issued yesterday, the EPLF
[Eritrean People's Liberation Front] announced that it has freed

all the Kunama people who were captured while fighting on the enemy's

side in the battle of Barentu. It also announced that it has allowed

all those who fled in the company of Dergue soldiers to reburn to

their towns and areas. The EPLF also gave a guarantee that the Kunama
people living in Barentu, which was liberated on 6 July, and those

living in the vicinty are allowed to visit their families and relatives
serving within the colonial Dergue system. The people have also been
assured that their right of movement will be protected. In yesterday's
statement, the EPLF said one of the main reasons for deciding to destroy
the enemy force at Barentu was to liberate the Kunama people who, until
today, had not been able to breathe the air of freedom. The statement
added that the Kunama people have not gained anything from the Addis

Ababa government -- apart from being deceived and forced to bear enemy arms
to face death, displacement, and [word indistinct]. [Text] [(Clandestine)
Voice of the Broad Masses of Eritrea in Tigrinya 0400 GMT 9 Jul 85]

CSO: 3400/636



SHORTAGE OF SKILLED PEOPLE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Jun 85 p 5

[Text]

cso:

3400/598

‘South’ African industry
jean help.to develop a

. technologically competi-

tive labour force through
aro aii of _Stalt
and proper job training,
‘says. the National Insti-
‘tute “for Personnel - Re-
/search.

The institute reports in
-its newsletter that de-
spite the recession South
Africa has a shortage of
-skifled labour, particular-.
ly technical.

It says: “Young black
matriculants who are en-
tering the job market in
increasing numbers have

Jneeds and the nea needs ma of to
jthe young people who are

94

willing and able to par-
ticipate constructively in
the economy, °
“Research done at the
National - Institute for

Personnel Research on:

mechanical aptitude of
blacks should help indus-

try to select the right’

people for skilled jobs in
‘the technical field.”

‘The institute says the

importance of job train-"

ing cannot be over-em-
phasised but the rst step
in the carefi
selection of staf.
Institute tests and
other procedures can be
recommended for the se-

i lection of personnel.

“and the listitute’s divi-

‘ei

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



IJPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

SWAZIS URGED TO OBSERVE TRADITIONS--MBABANE--Swaziland's Prime Minister, Prince
Bhekimpi, has warned the Swazi nation that the government is to inspect all
rural homesteads to see whether the communities are observing and practising
Swazi culture. He said teams would check the people's wearing of traditional
attire, their behaviour and their respect for others, in particular, their
elders. Speaking to thousands of workers and their families at Bhunya in the
Usutu forest in western Swaziland at the weekend, Prince Bhekimpi said the
elders of the nation were extremely perturbed about the rapid decline in the
interest shown, especially by the younger generation, in attending traditional
ceremonies, the wearing of traditional dress and the lack of respect they have
for each other and their elders. Swaziland's Minister of Education, Mr Dabu-
lumjiva Nhlabatsi, has ordered that one day a week, at least, must be set
aside when Swazi traditional dress must be worn in all schools. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Jun 85 p 11]

SOUTH AFRICAN PUBLICATIONS BANNED--MBABANE--Two South African publications,
City Press newspaper and Drum Magazine, have been banned in Swaziland. The
banning order, signed by Swaziland's Minister of the Interior, Mr King Mtetwa,
also declared the editor of Drum, Mr Stan Motjuwadi, and City Press's chief
reporter, Mr Desmond Blow, prohibited immigrants. The order, backdated to
May, appeared in the latest Swaziland Government Gazette. Meanwhile, two
other South African newspapers this week appeared on Swazi newsstands. They
are the Star and the Sowetan, which now provide the first news from outside
Swaziland since the Rand Daily Mail, which previously circulated in the coun-
try, closed. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jun 85 p 3]

DELEGATION TO S.A.--MBABANE--A 15 member Swazi delegation is to pay a five-
day visit to South Africa next month to study soil erosion, soil conservation,
and land reclamation. They will also discuss stock reduction and quality im-
provement matters with South African officials. The Minister of Agriculture,
Mr Sipho Mamba, said the delegation will be headed by Senator Mabalizandla
Nhlabatsi, accompanied by chiefs, parliamentarians, and agricultural exprests.
The visit is seen as a further practical steps towards strengthening economic
relations between the two countries. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in Eng-
lish 29 Jun 85 p 9]

cso: 3400/619

99



policy signals — too many to cluster into
an article of this nature. From Minister

F ineg
f 7 ‘with me” a) ch
} = to the State President on
that he is ‘open for negotiations about
power sharing but not in one constitutic
; Whether Federal or Unitary.’ ee
{ , Are they changing the constitution from
ithe top down, or the bottom up, or ‘both,
and who have they got on board to help
Tone ban add ty the confusicn simpl
“One can gi e confusion ‘sim,
by trying todecertto ie SE Py
However, there is a consistent thread of
erplexity being revealed, which is
- largely and, it would appear, deliberately’
of the Government's own .
ng This involves the principle of freedom.
of association, The very manner in which,
the Government thas dealt with it shows’
that it does not understand it, nor what its
: ‘implications are lkely to ‘be for the
; essence of its own constitutional tinkering
over the last $5 years.”

Freedom violations

ion we have had three clear-
cut legislative actions which have

. Testored freedom of association, whereas
most of the Government’s constitutional
initiatives, including the Tricameral Par-
liament, is a fundamental denial of free-
dom of association.

The repeal of Section 16 of the
Immorality Act clearly restores freedom
of association across racial barriers for
the purpose of sexual intercourse.

ie repeal ‘of the Prohibition of Mixed
Marriages Act clearly allows freedom of
: ehoice across racial lines for the purpose

ppryemee ony

Of choosing one’s marriage

4" The repeal of the Political Interference

ythe purpose of

Act now allows freedom of association for
s associating wit
ing a political party of one’s choice and

‘ conviction rather than the colour of one’s

skin.

“However, at the same time, freedom of

Facial 4

association is constitutionally denied on
to one’s mem! ip of a

} chamber in Parliament, ‘a residential

area, a school or university, a local

* government or regional

ety

” Let us consider some ‘scinating
permutations: given these confusing
. Policy

It now appears possible that: °-
@ A mixed couple ‘can have children
without being clear which area

“they can automatically live in; where
the children can go to school an which

62

section of a southern suburbs train in
., Cape Town they will be allowed to sit
in as a family. .

@ The husband will, by law, be allowed
; to vote for an MP in one house; the
, Wife for another in another house,
“although they both belong to the same
} Party and believe in the same policies
x, and principles.

Heaven knows where their children
‘Will. be allowed to vote in these cir-
cumstances, ae

‘It Is even possible that either the
wife or husband (depending on who is
1 dnvoluntarily classified black), will not
‘. be allowed to vote for any MP at all.

‘

re

Logical contradiction

The only thing that will divide
members in Parliament into separate
houses will not be political conviction
but the racial classification of the
’ individual according to the Population
‘Registration Act.
In other words you can ENJOY
FREEDOM of political association as
j ‘Jong as you ACCEPT YOUR COMPUL-
*- SARY recial group classification,

What the Government fails to under-
stand or come to grips with is that
freedom of association is the most nor-
mal of human interactions.

‘In most normal societies it is denied
“only to minors, criminals and the men-

For decades this Government has
built. up a political, social and
economic order dependent on the
fundamental denial to adult human

, beings of freedom of association
_Yanging from ‘séx to’social and
economic to political interaction. What
else was.the Population Registration
“Act, the Separate’ Amenities Act,’ the
Group Areas Act, Prohibition-of Mixed
Marriages Act, influx control, pass
laws, compulsory ethnicity “etc,
cgalculatéd to achieve?”
Pe 5
rtheid is a monstrous constitu-
tional monument that can survive only
as long as the bureaucratic
instruments of cohersion can deny
* freedom of association to the ordinary,
‘everyday people of this land.

"” The monster crumbles

: Through force of circumstances’
‘beyond any government's control, this



PROFESSOR ACCUSES HOUSE OF DELEGATES OF INCONSISTENCIES

Durban POST NATAL in English 26-29 Jun 85 p 2

[Article by Kanthan Pillay]

[Text]

THE Indian chamber
of parliament has not
made any headway
towards gaining cred-
ibility with the peo-
ple it was supposed
to represent, says
Professor Willem
Kleynhans, -head of
the Department of
Political Science at
the University of
South Africa.

Professor Kleynhans
said the House of Dele-
gates had shown glaring
inconsistencies between
policy and practice and
although they had made
a lot of noise in Parlia-
ment, not much had
come of it.

He also said that the
first session had shown
that NPP leader Ami-
chand Rajbansi and La-

. bour Party leader Alan
Hendrickse could not
claim to be “opposition”
leaders as long as they
were part of President
PW Botha’s central Cab-
inet.

Professor Kleynhans -
said he had found that
the Progressive Federal
Party had remained the
most effective opposition -
to the Government. The
image of the Indian
chamber was that they
made a strong stand but

yielded again at a differ-
ent level.

“The National People’s
Party raised their voices

and were vocal in the de- ;
bates but at the end of ©

the day when the division
bells rang, they were on

the side of the Minister,” :

he said.

He said the Indian MPs
had failed to realise that
for bargaining power to

be used as effectively as _
possible, matters of prin-

ciple especially should be
dealt with consistently.
“The Indian chamber
must have no second
thoughts and split views
on contentious ‘matters.
If they. have madeé'a prin
cipled stand, they must
stand by it: Their credi-
bility suffered in the eyes

: of the Indian people if

they did not do so.

“The National Peoples
Party decided to oppose
the-Local Government
Affairs Amendment Bill

"so that it had to go before

the President’s Council
for decision. This was an

- example of where Mr

Rajbansi and the House
of Delegates said on prin-
ciple that they rejected
the concept of ethnic
local authorities.

“What did they do with
the vote over regional
services councils? They
approved it. And these

68

JPRS-SSA~85-067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

are ethnically constituted
bodies. There is no con-
sistency in their prac-
tices. You reject at one
level the idea of ethnical-

ly constituted bodies but

approve it at anothel
‘+ This damages credibi
ty.”

Besides the lack of
consistency, he said, the
House of Belegates had
a record of taking strong
stands on principled
issues, and then backing

1. down ata later stage.

‘The question of the
second access road into
Chatsworth was another
example where Mr Raj-
bansi had taken a prin-
tipled stand stating he

ould resign if the mat-

“_ der was not resolved to -

his satisfaction. The mat-
:_ ter was not resolved and
\ he has not resigned.”
Professor Kieynhans
\ said he could give cred-
' it for two occasions
where the Indiari House
i.moved towards establish-
image of their own — the
first being with their veto
of the Police Secret
Fund, and the second
being the Local Govern-
ment Bill.

“But again there was
lack of consistency. The
call for Minister le
; Grange to resign over the

Uitenhage incident was
: blurred and lost some-
! where down the line.



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

GHANA

FEEDER ROADS IN COCOA AREAS UNDER RECONSTRUCTION
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 25 Jun 85 pp 1, 4

{Article by Mavis Quaicoe]

[Text] The Ghana Cocoa Board (COCO-BOD) and the Department of Feeder Roads
(DFR) are jointly to undertake the reconstruction of 766 kilometres of feeder
roads in four cocoa growing regions in the country at an estimated cost of
¢527.5 million.

The reconstructional work would be undertaken in the Ashanti, Eastern, Brong-
Ahafo and Volta Regions.

Mr B.M. Oppong, Principal Engineer of the DFR.who disclosed this in an inter-
view in Accra yesterday explained that the project which is being financed
by the COCOBOD is aimed at repairing all bad roads in the cocoa growing areas
in the country to make the hauling of cocoa easy.

The DFR, Mr Oppong said, offers technical advice including the supervision of
work in the various regions.

The Principal engineer also said that as a result of the huge cost involved
in the project, the DFR has proposed to the COCOBOD to spread the rehabilita-

tional work over a three-year period.

He, therefore, said that repair work in the four regions would, begin immedi-
ately the COCOBOD accepts the estimates made by the DFR and gives its consent
for the commencement of work.

Already, Mr Oppong said, the department has reconstructed 233 kilometres of
feeder roads in the Western and Brong-Ahafo Regions at a cost of ¢30 million.

He gave the total mileage of feeder roads to be rehabilitated in the two
regions as 480 kilometres at an estimated cost of $91.4 million adding that
work is still going on in those regions.

In another interview with Flt Lt. Joe Atiemo, Deputy Chief Executive (Opera-
tions) of the COCOBOD, he said rehabilitational work in the four regions
would start after officials of COCOBOD had inspected the completed recon-
structed feeder roads in the Western Region and were satisfied with it.

cso: 3400/609
13



JPRS-SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ADVANCED NEW EQUIPMENT UNVEILED AT REUTECH SEMINAR

Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English Jun 85 pp 18-20

[Text]

The Reutech Group of Companies held a Seminar
at the Military Base Wonderboom during May, en-
titled “The Application of Electronics to Modern
Defence Systems”.

The delegates for this Seminar were invited
from all the divisions of the SADF and Armscor
and it was presented by various local and
overseas speakers.

The objectives of the Seminar were to discuss
the various aspects of C5! (Command, Control,
Communications and Intelligence).

The problem of Cl throughout a complete
Defence Force requires substantial planning,
forethought and the infeed of other people’s ex-
periences. No two battle environments will use
the same Cl Infra-structure and achieve the max-
imum efficiency. Therefore, we cannot take a
developed system from one Country or Region
and put it, in its entirety, in another and expect it
to be as effective. The lessons that have been
learnt by others, however, are important con-
sideration when developing or expanding one’s
own systems.

This was the first of a series of Seminars that
Reutech will arrange to bring knowledgeable
guest speakers to discuss their approach, ex-
periences and applied C*l systems. This Seminar
discussed the need for Cl at the level of Battle

CSO: 3400/596

96

Fields, Head Quarters and Joint Services,
discussing the types of communication needed to
be conveyed and the different types of equipment
needed to do this.,

After discussing the principles of Cl the
Seminar went on to discuss the various specific
applications such as Artillery, Armour, Logistics,
Infantry, Sub-Systems and how these, in turn, in-
tegrate into a complete ground forces system and
its ability to then inter-communicate with systems
used by the Air Force and Navy.

The Serninar itself was well attended for the
two days it ran. Many intriguing and interesting
aspects were discussed, with a substantial in-
volvement from the delegates.

Reutech took the oportunity of putting on
display some of its Electronic Products which in-
cluded new generation VHF Radios, a single unit
HFIVHF Radio, Mine Detector Equipments, Elec-
tronic Fuzes and Digital Fire and Gun Control
Systems, all of which are in the latter phases of
development to supercede existing equipments.

The speed of Technology improvements has
defined the need for flexible integrated systems
that can have a sub-system or component part
changed without the need for major system re-
design. .

The SADF and Reutech’s objectives are to
define these flexible systems by adding overseas
experience to our own real time experiences.



The President said that in the past, development efforts of the people of
West Pokot had been wasted in such antideveloping pursuits as infighting and
cattle rustling.

The two members of parliament from the district thanked the government for
fighting cattle rustling and for providing famine relief foodstuffs to those
in need.

Present during the occasion were the MP for Narok West, Mr Francis ole Sompi-
sha, a nominated member of parliament, Mr Mulu Mutisya, and the chairman of
the National Housing Corporation, Mr William Ole Ntimama.

At another function, President Moi received shs. 20,000 from the Redeemed
Gospel Church in aid of the National Famine Relief Fund.

The money was presented to the President by Bishop Arthur Kitonga.

Kenya's ambassador to the United States, Mr Wafula Wabuge, donated shs 5,000
in aid of the National Famine Relief Fund and another shs 5,000 in aid of the
Presidential Commission Tree Fund.

President Moi thanked the donors for being mindful of the welfare of others.

President Moi has sent a message of greetings to the Spanish Monarch King
Juan Carlos on the National Day of Spain to be observed on Monday, June 24.

In his message, President Moi said:

On behalf of the. Government and people of Kenya and on my own behalf, I
convey to Your Majesty, government and people of the Kingdom of Spain warm
greetings and congratulations on the auspicious occasion of your country's
National Day.

The President noted that Spain and Kenya had over.the years enjoyed warm and
cordial relations and it was the desire of his government to maintain and
strengthen the existing ties for the mutual benefit of the two peoples.

He wished King Carlos continued good health and prosperous future for the
friendly people of the Kingdom of Spain.

CSO; 3400/606

18



tivate that land for generations, or even for centuries, if it
is needed. Should the incumbent die, though, or should the
incumbents or their heirs return it or leave it, the land re-
verts to the traditional holders. So when the French say they
bought Carabane Island, they are not on the same wave-length
with the Diolas.

One just. cannot mention Carabane, where the French penetration
began, without thinking of good old Emmanuel Bertrand Bocande:

he ruled that island in the middle of the last century, serving
France's interests, but not neglecting his own. He was the great
advocate of the occupation’ and development of the island, but
also of the colonization of:all Casamance by Sénegalese brought .in
for the purpose. That policy.in.1891 found a grand champion in
the person of Governor Martin. That also explains the events of
Christmas 1882.

A decree. dated 12 October. 1882..reached: Goree:.and the present~

day region of Sine-Saloum at. Saint-Louis du Senegal and made Ca-
samance an autonomous territory to be governed from Goree by a
lieutenant Governor. In 1894, Governor Henri de la Mothe moved
the capital from Goree to Sedhiou. Lieutenant Governor Farque
took over the title of chief administrator for Casamance, with
the functions of vice-governor. At that time, the kingdom of
Moussa Molo Balde, which embraced portions of Gambia, Casamance,
and both Guineas, became a portectorate under the chief adminis-—
trator, whose representative was permanently attached to Moussa
Molo's court at Hamdalahi.

The Franco-Portuguese Convention of Paris on 12 May 1886 offi-
cially raised Casamance to the status of single entity stretching
from the Atlantic to the Faleme, declared it an autonomous ter-
ritory censtituted as a protectorate’ to be managed by the colony
of Senegal. In November 1908, Governor Camille Guy moved the ca-
pital from Sedhiou to Ziguinchor. The transfer was completed in
1909, while the chief administrator was Maclaud. This state of
affairs prevailed until independence: most Senegalese, and evén
most Casamancais had forgotten this particular quirk in the
legal status of Casamance.

And so the seeds were sown for this very serious dispute that today sets
Casamance against Senegal, politically, economically, socially, culturally,

and morally.
A Century of Resistance to French Colonialism

Our. French.masters abandoned us. like. piague~carriers to our Casa-—
mance devices, administrative and others, for fear we should
contaminate the other peoples by transmitting the virus of resis-
tance to them. And so these same French, seeking to apply the
principles of colonization laid down by Faidherbe and picking a
fight with the Portuguese in Casamance, spent a good deal of their
time relentlessly fighting us. A lot of administrators burnt out
in that job, and a lot of French soldiers fell on the battlefields

47



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TORTURE NORMAL DURING INTERROGATIONS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Jun 85 p 13

[Article by Estelle Trengove]

{Text]

Torture had become the
“normal ‘means” through
which the police extract-
ed statements from peo-
ple arrested under secu-
rity laws, the director of
the South African Council
of Churches’ (SACC) divi-
sion of justice and recon-
ciliation, Dr Wolfram
Kistner, said yesterday.
In his report tabled at
the SACC national con-
ference being held in

Johannesburg, Dr Kistner’

said this was the result of
an obsession with being
threatened by an outside
enemy. _

CSO: 3400/597

Prompted by ‘the
widespread use of torture
in South African prisons”,
his division consulted
with institutions in other
countries about the grow-
ing usé‘of -torture and
methods of combating it.

Concreté-definitions of
torture had been worked
out in recent years, which
took {nto account t the “m
tensifying sophisticat
of torture, particularly
with regard to psycholog-
ical methods.

According to one defi-
aa ‘ prise fe aa

ly. com; ical,
but also mental pain that
is intentionally inflicted
by a public official.

92

i
of lack. people that bas. _

become legalised. by the tock place in the public
political, economic and : {00k plac P he
social ‘structures of the said.

South African State. =: He -asked if churches
“We ‘suggest that the

origins of physical tor-
ture and the torture and
manipulation of the
human mind, and the use
of public institutions for
practising such torture trained le to use
and even for co-opting wea t also served
the approval of the vic-‘ ta» their - attitudes
tims, requires far more towards society. ©

”

miner a the issue of
Kistner said it not only



SWAPO INTIMIDATION INCREASES IN OVAMBO

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Jun 85 p 10

[Text]

cso:

3400/617

WINDHOEK. — There had been a sharp increase in
acts of intimidation by Swapo insurgents against the
People of Ovambo, in northern South West Africa, in
the last two months, the Officer Commanding the SWA
Territory Force, Major-General George Meiring, said
in Windhoek yesterday.

General Meiring gave no figures, but said the latest
situation was in contrast to last year when acts of intimi-
dation reached an all-time low in the bush war.

He ascribed that to Swapo having tried to bring home
its political message in other ways, but he did not
specify what they were.

The downturn in intimidation persisted until about
‘two months ago when there was a sharp increase, he
told a military briefing of foreign and local journalists,

In contrast, General Meiring said almost 100 acts of
sabotage were reported last year.

The figure was the highest for any year to date in the
bush war.

In the first five months of this year, 58 sabotage

‘attempts were reported.

The increase had been largely due to Swapo’s belief
that sabotage was the easiest means of making propa-
ganda.

Swapo's armed forces’ had decreased from ‘about
16 000 insurgents in 1978 to just over 8 000, despite
continued recruitment attempts.

30

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

NAMIBIA



JPRS~SSA~85~-067
1 August 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

AIRPORT TAX UP--Airline passengers going through Kotoka International Airport
will now pay ¢200 tax instead of ¢20. Deputy Commissioner Income Tax, Mr
C.0. Lamptey-Mills, said yesterday the new increase took effect from Saturday,
June 22, Travellers at the weekend were rudely shocked when they discovered
that the airport tax had gone up 1,000 percent without any prior information,
As a result of customs regulations that travellers can carry not more than
¢20 on them, many Passengers were caught unawares and could not undertake
their journey. He agreed that the implementation of the increase should have
waited until the public was adequately informed. However, the go-ahead was
given by the Commissioner for Income Tax, Mr A.D. Krah he added. Mr Krah was
not immediately available for comment.--GNA. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY
GRAPHIC in English 25 Jun 85 p 85]

SYMPATHY FOR IMMIGRANTS URGED--The Nkwenta District Secretary, Mr J.K.
Benyingi, has appealed to farmers here to treat immigrants from the drought-
stricken Sahelian areas as brothers.and sisters who had been forced by circum-
stances beyond their control to leave their houses. Any attempts by the peo-
ple to look at them with suspicion and maltreat them would not be encouraged,
The Secretary's appeal followed rumours in the area that there was a plan to
throw out the immigrants from the town because "they have brought bad luck
resulting in insufficient rainfall in the area." The farmers contended that
the immigrants have carried with them a bad omen. Mr Benyingi told them that
the drought in the area was not man-made. He advised them to plant more
trees if the situation facing the immigrants in their countries should not
affect Ghana. He asked the immigrants to live within the confines of the
laws of the land and they would have nothing to fear. [Article by Kush
Agudetse] [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 25 Jun 85 pl)

cso: 3400/611

14



The Senegalese government saw fit to paint these demonstrations

as the work of the Diolas alone, whereas it was Casamancais of

all ethnic groups that went down to Ziguinchor, from as far away
as East Senegal. The police commissioner was furious with his men
when they brought in only non-Diola demonstrators. They. demanded
to be jailed with their Diola friends. Abdou Diouf's men turned
them away anyway, telling them that they needed only Diolas.

Diabolical is the only word for the tortures to which the Casaman-
cais who were arrested were subjected: they were burned with ci-
garettes and paper torches, handcuffs tightened to stop the circu-
jJation, electric shocks, hang up by their feet, and so on? many
whose names we have) died in jail or at the hospital.

We shall cite only one case, that of E.S.: stripped naked, beaten
about the genitals, he was passing bloody urine and left without
medical attention. He lay unconscious for 3 hours as a result of
the beating he had taken. Just as he. was beginning to regain con-
sciousness, the police took his hand and forced him to sign docu-
ments that had been typed ahead of time and even several blank
‘Bheets of paper. As they were beating him, they kept urging him:
"Admit that the abbe Diamacoune is your leader and I'll let you go!"
"Admit that Libya is backing you... that you have weapons in Casa-
mance, in Gambia, and in both Guineas... that the military are with
you, and I'11 let you go!"

Abdou Diouf, through his henchmen, has gone so far as to arrest,
imprison, torture and even kill our grandmothers, our mothers, our
sisters and our daughters. They have dared to strip these women
naked. and to burn their genitals. As they thrust the butt-—ends ‘of
their riding-crops into those: bodies, they said: "That is the way
you let your children into this world where they are decimating
us. We are going to start the car that will send you to join our
dead."

Once you know that some of these women were arrested while they were
helping the wounded who had fallen in the street before their homes
or while they were gathering rice in their own fields, you urider-
stand that, for the Diolas, who never touch women in battles, the
Senegalese in Casamance had reached the depths of abomination.

The Casamance emancipation movement had reached the point of no
return.

Senegal is not empowered to settle, by itself and in its own favor,
this dispute that sets it against the autonomous territory of Casa-
mance which it has declared a mere region. France, which delegated
its territorial mandate over Casamance to Senegal, must make

the claims of this territory heard before all tribunals. It must
also give Senegal to understand the language of truth, of justice,
and of peace. If France fails to do so, Casamance will be forced
to engage in a war of liberation, in which it will have the last
word, but which may very well prove costly from any point. of view
to all concerned. The law enforcement brigades there have already
lost 200 men. The time for ambiguity and evasion is long gone.

6182 -

CSO: 3419/448 38



fg

[Text]

DURBAN. — A com-
ment by the Prime Minis-
ter of Zimbabwe, Mr Ro-
bert Mugabe, that’ will
“pul the 100 000
Whites” in his country
after.the election results
are known, has been
greeted with dismay by
the large ex-Zimbabwean
community who five in
Natal.

Mr Mugabe, angered
by the fact that: most
Whites in the - separate
ballot voted for the for-
mer Prime Minister, Mr
Ian Smith, reportedly said
in Harare yesterday that
he planned to get rid of
those Whites who did not
want to co-operate with
his government.

He is reported to have
said that they could “get
‘out and go to South Afri-
ca”, .

Many ex-Zimbabweans
interviewed by The Citi-
zen did not want to be
identified because they
still have relatives there

111

PURGE THREATS BY MUGABE MAKE WHITES WARY OF RETURNING ;

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Jul 85 p 8

employment and the fact
that many particularly the
elderly, have funds frozen
by the Zimbabwe Gov-
ernment and planned to
go back so that they could
use this money.

Among about 18
people interviewed yes-
terday, only Mr Tom
Holden, an ex-Bulawayo
businessman, said he did
not mind being quoted.

Mr Holden, who mov-

_ €d to South Africa about

five years ago, and who
ran a small clothing busi-
ness.in Bulawayo, said he
had become “‘brassed off”
with the present econom-
ic situation in South Afri-

ca,

He charged also that
“the Blacks are getting
right out of hand”. -

Mr Holden said he had
plans to move back to Bu-
lawayo because he still
has money there.

“But in view of the hos-
tile attitude of Mr Mu-
gabe and the fact that he
does not appear to like
any opposition, I will
have to think again. -

“T’'m astounded at his
anti-White statement and
it just goes to show that
he still hates the Whites
as much as he did during
the bush war.”

Sapa reports from Ha-
tare that Mr Mugabe told
a rally in Norton west of
Hatare on Wednesday:
“The Boers did not want

JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

ZIMBABWE



¢ HARARE. — The leaded:
yf the Conservative Allis \
ance Zimbabwe, Mr Iart ¢
Smith, whose party won 4 {
“Commanding majority in |
Vthe ‘White ‘lection ast!
‘week, said yesterday he;
‘welcomed the hand of re!
joonciliation extended tq /
“Whites by the Prime Mini,
ister, Mr Robert Mugabe! |
“Our electoral victory:
is nota victory against
ZANU-(PF) or whoever
the next government may ;
be,” Mr Smith said. ~s.

‘on’ Thursday ‘when hig”
party won 15 of the 20 rei
served White seats in the

emote al
“7 Wish to re-emphasisd

that our policy is one of
full co-operation with thd :
‘elected majority rule gov:
‘ernment and that we, ard !
lentirely’ récontiled, ’ a8 |
have said on many occa!
sions, to living under suct

‘a.’ cons! govern:

‘ment.””

Pl He said ‘that,

113

MUGABE SAYS WHITES DON'T WANT RECONCILIATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Jul 85 p 3

past few yéars, it “bad
been his continuing en:
‘deavour to communicate _
{with the Prime Minister.

1 "Maybe in the latter
batt of the last Parliament
‘the Prime Minister in}
joerely believed the Inde}:
‘pendents were the true.
2 spokesmen for the White
Nelectorate and, for that
; Treason, preferred to use
| them as his means of com: ‘
munication ‘” with ".. tk
White electorate. ©”

£. Mr Mugabe: came to °
Power in 1981, preaching
Teconciliation —_ between
‘Whites and Blacks and
‘Mr Smith, as undis

leader of Zimbabwe's
White community im-

> mediately after indepen-
gdence,:,, welcomed © the
qgverture.

5. But the one-to-one fe-:
zlationship between the
ztwo leaders has. always

; been acrimonious.

ZIMBABWE



JPRS-SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

NINE STATES SIGN ANTIPOLLUTION TREATY
Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 23 Jun 85 p 3

[Text] Nine East African countries have signed an anti sea-pollution treaty
in a bid to keep the Indian Ocean and the coastal areas clean.

The East African Treaty and Action Plan on Marine Protection were adopted
at the end of a one-week meeting of the countries in Nairobi and will serve
the countries involved by intensifying regional networking exchange of
knowledge and training experts.

Addressing a press conference in Nairobi, the president of the talks, Mr
James Simani, and his deputy Capt James Ferrari said the agreement was part
of the regional seas programme of the United Nations Environment Programme.

They said that this programme had been identified by UNEP as its most success~
ful and that the countries involved were Comoros, France (Reunion), Kenya,
Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, the Seychelles, Somalia and Tanzania.

Mr Simani and Capt Ferrari said the potential dangers to the sea and its
living resources inthe East African region was soil erosion, public and
private sewage disposal, run-offs of fertilizers used in agriculture, oil
spills from oil tankers, industrial pollution, destruction of mangroves and
coral reefs and overfishing.

They said that matters for priority action identified by the states were the
protection of coastal and marine areas, research related to the sources and
levels of pollution supported by the training of regional expert personnel
and planning for marine emergencies such as accidental oil spills.

Endangered also by the threat of oil spills was the arrow channel between
Mozambique and Madagascar where over 250 oil tankers and medium sized ships
pass daily from the Middle East to Europe and the US.

To date, Capt Ferrari added, only Kenya had a national contingency plan for
oil spills and Mombasa and Port Victoria the Seychelles were the only ports
with operational equipment.



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4

7, at
it — as the
strated — lack the capacity for
sustained military action so far from
home. Ni ig a swamp, uncon-
querable but irrele-

ree
Ef
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a

;

their own ot
South Africa on the Unit-
a States ioe contain the Soviet Union
a scale; »
roles are often +
When South African diplomats
compliment Dr Chester Crocker for

his management of American poli
in this region, they are not thinking

cso: 3400/600

i Government
. leave le an incredinie ates ati
‘. the Americans ,

of his advocacy of constructive en-
resent as in-
frican affairs;
they refer rather to his skill in using

, the South African military capability
4 £ the Soviet-Cuban presence

a it, which
ference in South

region.

Without South African power, Fre- -
Puppet.

{ ica would have taken great

ican lives and

. Now the t does

Tage.

I, Namibia, despite the opposition

; _ of the only two powers that can still

be relied uy fo veto a Securi

Korea
Botha has installed an loternal gor,
ernment. Britain and America can
like it or lump it.

In Botswana, beloved of the West
because it is Africa’s only remaining

90

democracy, South African troops
destroy selected targets and, as is
inevitable in these matters, kill some
of the wrong people, and then offer
only a ske hy and unconvincing ex-
planation to the West. Again, take it

or leave it.

None of this has happened by acci-
dent. Mr Botha, in Windhoek on Mon-
day and in Parliament on Wed-
nesday, id down five ground rules
for relations within the region:

No regional state should become a
base for attack on another, no
foreign forces should be
intervene here; should be
solved peacefully rather than by
force; solutions ld be ‘found hy
the leaders of the region; and no state
should intervene in the internal af-
fairs of another.

M. Botha’s midweek rhetorical
peal to South Africans to choose
whether wish to settle their own
affairs, or fet fc do so for
them, was the end of a policy
not its It marked the
where South Africa, harried at the
United Nations, threatened in Wash-
ington, condemned around the worl
boycotted and isolated, crie:
“Enough!”

Mr Botha has now taken us on a
new course of regional power poli-
fics in which the sensib ities the

festern powers, approval or
disapproval’ are simply one factor
among many to be taken into
‘account. Our. diplomacy, like our
military strategy, has turned in-

"It is never easy, if it is even possi-
ble, to see historical watersheds
when they occur. But this may be one
of them.



JPRS~SSA~85~067
1 August 1985

NIGER

PRESIDENT EXPLAINS HIS 'DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY" RATIONALE
Paris NORD SUD in French Jun 85 pp 6-8

[Interview with Niger's president, Gen Seyni Kountche, conducted by
Christian Tavernier; date and place not given]

[Text] Niger, with its 800,000 inhabitants spread over 1,267,000
square kilometers, has been governed since 1974 by President. Seynhi
Kountche. On first acquaintance, he seems a shy man. You can tell
that there is a fever in him that devours all his energy, as he
strives to solve his country's problems. Austere, under constant
tension, this uncompromising mam commands respect from all who
approach him. He is truly close to his people. During our trip
with the Secretary of State for Cooperation Xavier de Donnea, we
found a well-organized country, where order and security are the
norm everywhere. To the journalist as well as to the tourist, two
things are nevertheless astonishing: the first is the ban on pho-
tographing government buildings without permission, or even with
permission (!). For the European landing here, that rule seems
archaic in a time when satellites of both East and West can pick
up a detailed image of a hen's egg in the desert. The second stop-
per is the number of military roadblocks, the purpose of which
nobody can explain. The most amusing episode was our meeting here,
at an official reception, with the Soviet ambassador. We learned
from him that Belgium was pursuing a "neo-colonial" policy in
Niger so as to get its hands on the country's mineral resources!

We also learned that the proudest claim of Soviet cooperation was
to have three ministers, all of them former students in Moscow,

in the Nigerien government. The dear man was not even aware that
if these men are ministers, the only reason is that they have
changed their coats. This ambassador, posted here for the past 6
years, is, like most Soviet officials, unable to dismiss his own
propaganda. Decidedly, the USSR, aside from armaments, is 25 years
behind the West in every other sector, including -- and this is the
ultimate irony -- the area of political analysis.

Mr. President, the concept of the Development Society was born in

1974. What are the goals it was designed to reach, and what is
its status today?

35



JPRS-SSA~85-067
1 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NEW ENTRANTS AT SCHOOL--THE South African Defence Force today stands between
a future of bloodshed and anarchy or peace and prosperity, Deputy Minister of
Defence, Mr A J Vlok, said at Voortrekkerhoogte yesterday. He was welcoming a
new intake of National Servicemen to the Personnel Services School. This unit
has taken in 1 300 new men, 250 of whom are immigrants. Mr Vlok made a spe-
cial point of welcoming these immigrants who he referred to as "the new citi-
zens of South Africa". "All of us want peace, prosperity and security for
ourselves and our children and it is the SADF which stands between a future
of bloodshed and anarchy or peace, prosperity and security," he said. "You
are now standing on the side against enemies who want to bring tears and vio-
lence to our part of the world. But the price of peace is always a high one
and only those of us prepared to pay that price will in the end have peace,"
he told the new recruits. "We are fighting on different levels and at differ-
ent places but we are all fighting for South Africa," Mr Vlok added. He told
the men that they were now going to be "part of the solution to problems and
not remain part of the problems". [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
5 Jul 85 p 11]

CSO: 3400/622

97



[Answer] The uranium market right now is very slack and we, un-
fortunately, have no use for it ourselves. Our only outlets are
our partners: France, Italy, Germany, and Spain, in Europe; in
Asia, we have Japan. Approaches from Iran have led to naught be-
cause neither we nor our partners approve of some of the condi-
tions that country demands.

[Question] To get back to the domestic situation, we learn that
you have waged a successful war against corruption,

[Answer] Corruption has been in this world as long as prostitu-
tions It dates back to the dawn of time. It is not the essential
stuff of a people, but it is the product of that people!ss- stage of
development. Level of development and rising expectations go hand
in hand: some people lose all sense of moral values and this is
the critical point at which corruption creeps in. We have no
illusions about it, though, because we know that fighting corrup-
tion smacks more than a little of Don Quixote.

[Question] Let's move now to the domain of international poli-
tics, and, more particularly, the OAU. It would seem that this
organization is spinning its wheels, that it is concentrating on
trifling fictions, like the business of the Sahraout, whereas the
real concerns of Africans are, first and foremost, their living
conditions. :

[Answer] Of all the five continents, Africa is the only one with
an organization whese members! heads of State meet at least once

a year. As a consequence, the OAU is a valuable tool, but one that
needs improvement. I would not claim that the OAU has solved every
political or economic problem brought before it. There are seve-
ral important issues to which this organization has yet to find
solutions. The first is the matter of Chad. It will take a great
deal of understanding on the part of Chadians on both sides to

put an end to the conflict. Another thorny problem is that of the
Western Sahara. A propos, a dialogue based on a regional referen-
dum there may well come to pass, and an agreement among the Magreb
countries would be highly desirable.

The very highest priority, though, must go to Africa's economic
problems. The last summit opened the way in that, without minimi-
zing the political problems, more attention was paid to the econo-
mic tangle. If they have solved the problem of famine in Asia,
why can't we do it on our continent? Africa has not only enormous
natural and human potential, but also intellectual resources that
could be set to work on eur economic and agricultural problems,
and thereby find a way to cope with the famine that stalks the
continent.

[Question] What do you think of Marshall Mobutu's idea of crea~
ting an organization for Sub-Saharan Africa?

38