Above all, there is a risk of crystallization, from which the external forces
of domination could profit to subjugate our country, and there is a danger

of a unilateralization of judgments and political behavior that could lead to
a systematic and concerted denial of all that promotes competition and every-
thing related to it( men, ideas, structures, programs, various achievements)
in the name of a blind and implacable antagonism.

To cite only a few examples, is it not regrettable that it has not been pos-
sible to develop a specific national consensus, in one direction or another,
through mutual concessions in direct discussion by the social forces, which
could be publicly announced, even on such issues as the practicability of
getting rid of visas for leaving the country; the status of education and
training; the Senegalese intervention in Chad and Lebanon at the request of
the OAU, the United Nations and the countries conerned; the development of
an energy policy based on use of hydrogen as an energy source; the struggle
against South Africa and its hateful apartheid system; support for SWAPO;
and the elimination of illegal profiteering?

To overcome these stumbling blocks, a group of men and women have decided to
form a group that will offer a means to exchange views, to meet, to make
studies,and proposals. They are all opinions, belonging to political groups
from everywhere on the Senegalese checkerboard, those close to such groups,
and independent people known for their abilities in anaysis, thought and
action and for the courage and forthrightness they have always demonstrated
in defending their ideas, and with a balance of openmindedness to escape the
rigidity of preconceptions. They have neither the ambition nor the motivation
to set themselves up as a party, a union or a means of advancement or
sinecure. Instead their aims are:

--To support all progressive, democratic and positive decisions or measures
that promote the interests of the people and are aimed at a union of hearts,
minds and while toward the same goal of social justice, cultural
renaissance, purification of political, union or administrative practices
and economic efficiency, regardless of their origin or their authors, with
no other objective than that of defending them from the undermining action
of the forces of the status quo, regression and reaction or of sectarian or
infantilist elements.

—To promote a huge body of opinion supporting the need to strengthen the
bases of our young independence on the political, economic, social and
cultural level.

--To constantly perfect the democratic experiment now in process.

--To create, develop and assure an atmosphere of calm and fruitful exchange
of mutually favorable views among the current political actors, understanding,
harmony and social tranquility toward the broadest possible mobilization of:
all people of good will, oriented toward unity and common effort, to build

the nation with respect to differences.

56



SOVIET DELEGATION LEAVES FOR HOME

ETHIOPIA

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 2 Sep 82 p 8

{Text ]

‘The Soviet delegation, led by Com
sade Victor Berezin, Secretary of the
Central Committees of the Educational
and Scieutific Workers’ Union of the
USSR, left for home yesterday at the
end of an eight-day working visit.

While here the delegation was brief-
ed on the establishment of the Ethio-
plan Teachers’ Association (ETA),
the role it played before and after
‘the revolution, its organizational struc-
use and work methods, teachers par-
ticipstion in the national literacy cam-
paign programme and other national
endeavours.

During its visit of the Commission
for Higher Education, the Soviet de
legation was also briefed on the acti-
vities of the commission.

The delegation of the Soviet Educa-
tional and Scientific Workers’ Union
also visited the Ministry of Education

where it was briefed on the country's:

regular educational programme and
the national literacy campeign and
inspected an exhibition of educational
aids and the educational materials pro-
duction workshop.

During its visit to the City Hall,
the Soviet delegation was briefed on
the. organizational structure of the
Urban Dwellers’ Associations and the
activities of the UDAs set up at va-

cso: 4700/1962

ious levels. It also toured the clinic,
the cooperative shop and other facili-
ties in kebele 18,- Higher Five, to
serve the residents of the kebele.

The Soviet delegation has been to
the Addis Ababa University whero it
was apprised with the academio pro
grammes of the various faculties, the
university's relations with similar ins-
titutions abroad and visited the uni-
versity's museum.

The guests also paid visits to the
headquarters here of the Revolutionary
Ethiopia Youth and Women's Asso
ciations and the All Ethiopia Trade
Union. They were familiarized with
the role of the mass organizations in
the revolutionary struggle of the Ethi-
opian broad masses.

Comrade Dr. Alemu Abebe, COP.
WE Central Committee member and
First Deputy Head of the COPWE
Organizational Affairs department re-
eeived the delegation of the Soviet
Educational and Scientific Workers’
Union and briefed the members on
the tempo and momentum of the class
struggle and the efforts underway to
form the working people's party.

The Soviet delegation was seen off
on departure by executive committee
members of the Ethiopian Teachers’
Association and. staff of the Soviet
Embassy here.

22



NOTE

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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

WITNESS SAYS SHE WAS ASKED TO RECRUIT FOR ANC
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Sep 82 p 3

[Article by Sello Rabothata]

[Text] A WITNESS told a

4700/1977

Kempton Park Regional
Court yesterday that one
of the accused in the ter-
ror trial had asked her to
organise youths in the
Cape, whom he would
take to Botswana.

Ms Nomalungela
Gxova. of Cradock. was
giving evidence before
Mr I J J Luther in the
trial of Mr Stanley Ra-
debe. of 718 Senaoane.
Mr Ephraim Madalane.
of 1693 Senaoane. Mr
Ernest Mohakalala. of
795 Molapo, and Ms In-
nocentia Mazibuko of

8109 Zone 6 Diepkloot.

They are appearing
on a charge under the
Terrorism Act or alter
natively recruiting. ineit-
ing and encouraging
people to undergo mili-
tary training outside the
country :

Mr Mohakalala is also
facing an alternative
charge of undergoing
military training in
Libya. They have all
pleaded not guilty.

Ms Gxova told the
court she had met and
fallen in love with Mr
Radebe in December
1979.

Towards the end of

May 1980. she had re-
turned to her home
town. Cradock. in the
Cape. She had received
a letter while at home
from Mr Radebe to
which she had replied.

After some days. he
had phoned and asked
her to organise boys in
Crado whom he
would take to Botswana
in a car he had stolen.
He also told her that
Timothy. a friend she
had met. had lett Johan-
nesburg for Botswana
He had told her that he
wanted the youths. for
his organisation in Bo-
‘tswang. but she had re-
fused to do what he
‘wanted.

Under cross-examina-
tion by advocate David
Soggot. for Mr Radebe.
Ms Gxova said she had
never been interested in
politics and words -she
had ‘seen written on a
book belonging to the
accused had meant
nothing to her.

She had heard of the
ANC only through read-
ing newspapers. The
words on the book had
shocked her as she had
known that politicians
Were always arrested



[Text]

cso:

FACETS of South Afri-
ca’s taxation system, de-
scribed as “fossilised and
counter-productive  —
were slammed in Pretoria
last night by a top accoun-
tant-academic.

In a wide-ranging and
critical analysis of taxa-
tion in the Republic, Pro-
fessor Phillip van der
Westhuizen, of the De-
partment of Accounting
at the University of South
Africa, in particular ham-
mered;
© The double taxation
on company income —de-
scribing it as providing a
fertile field for the sowing
of the seeds of marxism;
© The tax basis of mar-
tied women — a taxation
fact of life that was keep-
ing probably thousands of
women out of the labour

4700/1977

market;

© The side effects of the
application of estate duty
— enabling investment
capital to be drained away
from useful utilisation.

Prof Van der Westhui-
zen said in his inaugural
lecture that there were
certain “fossils” in the tax
system which not only
had an inhibiting effect on
capital investment and
full employment but also
limited optimum use of
scarce factors of produc-
tion.

He particularly criticis-
ed double taxation on
company income; the sys-
tem under which com-
pany income was taxed in
the hands of the company
and then, to a great ex-
tent, in the hands of
shareholders on the distri-
bution of a dividend.

76

SOUTH AFRICA

TAXATION SYSTEM LABELLED 'FOSSILIZED, COUNTER-PRODUCTIVE'

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Sep 82 p 10

“This state of affairs
drains the lifeblood of
free enterprise — some-
thing that is of vital im-
portance to continue to
counter communist infil-
tration,” he said.

He warned that the un-
fair system of taxation of
married women — on the
joint income of man and
wife — could boomerang
into a political force of
which the Government
should be warned.

In addition, high taxa-
tion pressure on married
couples had negative so-
cial implications which
could better be outlined
by sociologists.

But one factor was that
it actively encouraged
couples to “live together
in sin” — resulting in a
crack in the walls of fam-
ily life.



ETHIOPIA

THE HORN OF AFRICA: A THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL PEACE
Addis Ababa ADDIS ZEMEN in Amharic 10 Aug 82 p 2
[Editorial: "People's Struggle Will Not Be Defeated by False Propaganda"]

[Text] Siad Barre's government, which has needed political, economic, and
military help to suppress the Somali people's democratic movement for its
own survival, has taken seriously its false propaganda that, "Ethiopia has
invaded Somalia." Recently, the Somali people, being organized under the
Democratic Front for the Salvation of Somalia, have increased their armed
struggle against the Somali regime.

Siad Barre has been using this "coverup" of an Ethiopian invasion to try
to alter world opinion by saying that his country has been invaded by
foreign forces. However, he has not been able to conceal the truth, for
those who understand this matter have rejected Siad Barre's false propa-
ganda.

Nevertheless, the reactionaries and the imperialists who are afraid of the
peaceful and economic development of the people not only echoed this false
propaganda but also extended a helping hand. The fact that America is
presently supplying arms to Siad Barre's regime proves this charge. This
act by the American government encourages Siad Barre's regime to struggle
for survival in the midst of the people's revolt to suppress the internal
resistance and to start another war with Ethiopia. Such action is opposed
by the Somali people, the people and government of revolutionary Ethiopia,
and by all who support peace in the region and the world as a whole.

Recently, when the Arab League Headquarters echoed this same false propa-
ganda of the Siad Barre regime, Socialist Libya, the People's Democratic
Republic of Yemen, Algeria, Syria, and Palestine Liberation Organization
rejected such false propaganda. Not only did these countries reject
Barre's untrue statement, but they also noted that the reason for the
resistance movement of the people of Somalia presently in progress under
the leadership of DFSS (Democratic: Front for the Salvation of Somalia) is
that the Somali ruling group has close connections with the imperialists
and has sold part of the Somali territory to the American imperialists to
be used for a military base. This action clearly demonstrates the politi-
cal bankruptcy of Siad Barre's regime.

12



cso:

Security in such a cli-
mate becomes a highly
specialised trade. Last
week I spent some consid-
erable time with promi-
nent newcomers to ‘this
business: * Security
Specialists International,
headed by Lieutenant-
General Jan Kleinhaus,
former Chief of the CID
and Zambian-born Mr
John Erasmus.

Educated at Milton
School in Bulawayo,
(where Dr Verwoerd had
previously studied), Mr
Erasmus attested with the
Rhodesian Army in 1947
and transferred to the
Rhodesian Air Force in
1962. Two years later he
underwent security and
sabotage training with
British Military Intelli-
gence, returning to be~
come a Security Adviser
(Counter Sabotage) in the
Rhodesian Prime Minis-
ter’s Office in 1964.

‘As required under the
new Act, SSI has already
applied to the SADF-
NKP licensing group for
an evaluation of facilities
and training processes,
preparatory .to seeking
the necessary licensing.

Under the NKP Act,
security is no longer a
nightwatchman’s club for
pensioners or elderly
Blacks armed with knob-
kieries. Before entering
the country, most terror-
ists have undergone years
of training in special PLO
or East bloc schools, of-
ten with IRA instructors.

Currently the camp is
equipped to train up to
200 men, Black and
White, at a time, though
there is ample room for
expansion. Guards can be
deployed under the SSI
insignia; or independent
Personnel can be trained
for NKP operators, as de-

« sired.

All personnel wear
smartly-cut paramilitary-
type uniforms remines-
cent of those worn by the

‘old Rhodesian Army.

Fabric colour is dark dove
grey, found in security
tests carried out by the

3400/24

71

- FBI to be most suitable

‘for use in industrial

; centres as it merges into

, the concrete surrounds,
providing greater con-

~ cealment for the surveil-
lance officers.

Selection procedures
for recruits are tough,
with the law demanding
that all applicants be sub-

* jected to tight security
screening, fullscale medi-
cal examination and able
to meet minimum educa-
tional standards,

Once accepted for
training, trainee guards
are kept under constant
vigilance. Anyone who
fails to come up to scratch
can pack his bags and go.

The Act lays down a
specific training syllabus
for NKP guards. This cov-
ers unarmed or hand-to-
hand combat; surveil-
lance; knowledge of ex-
plosives and use of radio;
first aid; use of fire-fight-
ing equipment; the essen-
tials of criminal and civil
law, notably relating to
the rights of search, arrest
and detention.

A shooting range has
been set up for the train-
ing of sharpshooters and
instruction in combat
shooting. It is empha-
sised, however, that only
certain guards will be is-
sued with firearms: And
even then they will get the
weaponry considered
Most suitable for use in
particular types of built-
up areas — shotguns,
rifles or handguns.

It is expected that in-
itially there will be be-
tween 500 and 1 000 des-
ignated NKPs. Disclosure
of their whereabouts is
prohibited. The Act itself
stipulates what keypoints,
government, quasi-gov-
ernment, commercial and
industrial, have to be pro-
tected.

Although it will be an

_ expensive business setting
up the necessary protec-

, tion for NKPs, tax con-
cessions will be made to
compensate companies
which incur such expendi-
ture.


GUINEA-BISSAU

ESTABLISHMENT OF HARD CURRENCY ACCOUNTS ORDERED
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 25 Aug 82 p 5

[Text] Through a dispatch of the comrade prime minister, the Government of
Guinea-Bissau determined to establish a service for accounts in international-
ly circulated foreign currency in the Banking Department of the BNG [National
Bank of Guinea-Bissau].

According to the document, this measure is in response to a number of needs;
among them is advantage for the balance of payments; it will facilitate and
encourage the establishment of savings accounts by our emigrants, by providing
a reliable banking service for those who have foreign currency at their dis-
posal.

The decision also had to do with the fact that there are diplomatic organs,
international agencies and other individuals who receive foreign exchange
from abroad for their projects and needs in Guinea-Bissau.

Thus the service of hard currency accounts is in consideration of diplomats
and consular officers accredited to our government; international organiza-
tions of which Guinea-Bissau is a member; experts, consultants and cooperants
in general who perform services in this country and are paid in foreign cur-
rency; firms and agencies executing projects with foreign financing; and
citizens of Guinea-Bissau residing abroad.

Deposits may be in current accounts, on demand, or in interest-bearing ac-—
counts. In the last case, the maturity may be 3 months, 6 months or 1 year,
according to the judgment of the interested party.

Term accounts will earn interest equal to that obtained by the BNG from its
corresponding foreign banks for the same class of deposits, less two points
for administrative expenses.

Among other provisions of the dispatch, we note the article stating that citi-
zens of Guinea-Bissau residing abroad may obtain credit from the BNG in

Guinea pesos up to double the balance in their personal foreign currency ac-
counts, to be used excusively, together with the available funds in said ac-
counts, to build homes in this country or to make repairs, alterations or ad-
ditions to existing homes, or to invest in agricultural and related activities,
such as poultry and hog farming, fruit growing and other similar ventures.

6662
cso: 4742/402

29



Plant life was used during initiations in certain regions to gain
knowledge of our range of medicinal preparations, was used to furnish
medical supplies to our healers, and was used to maintain the ecological
balance which is now disturbed by systematic destruction of nature with
all the consequences of that destruction, the most striking of which--the
drought--has a large part in that destruction.

The animal life--sacred--used to be absolutely harmless, like domestic
animals, It contributed to the ecological balance as well, and people
never needed to go look for that animal life elsewhere for the initiations
during which children used to learn totems.

The sacred huts were themselves in those forests more often than not, and
they contained the objects which were able to contribute toward a
knowledge of their country's history, ethnography, and technology.

Now then, all these elements are essential for our advancement toward our
rendezvous with civilization--a rendezvous at which we must arrive with
our own personality.

There is much talk in the world nowadays of the establishment of natural,
ecological museums, And we have a right to ask ourselves what use it was
to us to walk in Europe's footsteps in the destruction of nature and
sacred forests, so that our children--our young people--are forced to go
to Western capitals nowadays in order to complete their knowledge of our
own people--and to do that on the basis of our own plundered objects
piled up inside buildings and kept in conditions which haven't been
proved better than our traditional preservation techniques,

Fitting schooling into the natural environment has always been desirable,
specifically because education must participate in socio-economic
development,

Whether we're talking about primary, secondary, or higher education,
schools must be involved in, study, and communicate national realities in
terms of what they have for our country that is positive and constructive.
Then our country's opening out onto the world will have done nothing but
enrich our values by the specially selected experiences of other countries
adapted to Upper Volta. The choice of national and foreign values made
by the educational system will be a choice made by the nation; the
educational system is involved in the nation while the nation is involved
in the educational system,

That is why in some countries like Madagascar practical school tasks even
for students are graded by farmers, You have only to look at the
integration of traditional schooling, which some have called initiation,
into overall education to realize that integrated schooling inevitably
contributes to development in all walks of life.

Just as an African mother mixes practical experiences of both language and

duties in a child's upbringing, schooling should combine the learning of
reading and writing with all the practical work.

100



UNRECOVERED ARMS COULD POSE SECURITY PROBLEM

Nairobi NAIROBI TIMES in English 13 Sep 82 p 4

[Editorial]

[Text] NOW that the security situation is back to normal
in Kenya, the authorities should pay particular
attention to a problem which might crop up in the
future as a result of the August | abortive coup
attempt. Following the rout of the Kenya Air
Force rebels by the army and police, many rebels
— in an effort to escape detection — threw away
their guns and ammunition or hid them in nearby
bushes. There is little likelihood that a threat to
state security will arise again from these arms, but
there is every likelihood that arms not recovered
from this episode will fall into criminal hands,
with the consequence that in some months to
come the country may be faced with an increase in
incidents of armed robbery and murder.

For this reason it is important that the
authorities should conduct a thorough exercise in
trying to recover guns and ammunition still
unaccounted for after the abortive coup attempt.
The general public in Nairobi have been very co-
operative in turning over any arms they may have
come across, but a systematic search for arms in
the bushes, especially in the Eastlands, should be
mounted to ensure that whatever may have been
thrown away or hidden there is recovered.
Perhaps men and women of the National Youth
Service could be put to use in this exercise,
combing in a very detailed way every square
inch of bush where such weapons may have been
hidden. Lest all this sound somewhat alarmist, it
should be borne in mind that the only way of
combatting armed robbery and crimes involving
guns is to remove guns from the hands of everyone
who is not authorised to own a gun. In this, as in
other matters, prevention is better than cure.

cso: 4700/1975

36

KENYA



PW BOTHA'S YEARS IN OFFICE REVIEWED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Sep 82 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

It seems only yesterday that South Africa was
plunged into an Info scandal and the Crown
Prince of the National Party, Dr Connie

- Mulder, fell from grace, his political promise
_ _ wrecked.

In fact, Mr P W Botha, the Prime Minister
has been in office for four years.

And if he has not pleased many of the Nat-
ionalists who were in the party when he took
over and who have since left, he has certainly
imposed his will on the party and on the
country.

Looking back on the four years, one can ap-
preciate the problems the Prime Minister
faced and the courage he has shown in sur-
mounting most of them.

He came to power at a time when the Info"

affair rocked South Africa.

Perhaps there was a certain ruthlessness in the
way in which some of the leading lights of
Afrikanerdom were politically and publicly
extinguished.

This was bound to leave a lot of hatred behind.

Mr Botha, by the very circumstances in which
he became Prime Minister and the events
that took place, was the man around whom
the enmities revolved.

Thus, the first part of his Premiership was con-
cerned mainly with the effects of Info and the
need to try and consolidate the National Par-
ty behind him.

It was a traumatic period for both leader and
party as well as for Afrikanerdom, since
many of the beliefs the volk had in its leaders
were shattered by the allegations and count-
er-allegations that were bandied about.

Whether one agrees with what took place or
not, whether once accepts Info as a scandal

61

SOUTH AFRICA



GUINEA-BISSAU

BRIEFS

FREQUENT BLACKOUTS LAMENTED--The electric power outage last Thursday after-
noon in the city of Bissau was not the result of a breakdown in the generator
group, oddly enough. It was because of a fuel shortage, a source linked to
the electric power station reported. Fuel was acquired from DICOL [Fuel and
Oil Distributing Company] by the management of CEABIS. However, we were told,
there was no truck to transport the fuel to the power plant. At the end of
the afternoon, by great good fortune, a tank truck, albeit aged, from the
distributing company accomplished the deed. But, we asked, didn't the Na-
tional Energy Institute [INE] have a truck available to perform this service,
instead of leaving the city without power for so long? Couldn't the INE have
acquired the fuel before reserves were completely exhausted? As it is now,
even the installation of new generators will not resolve the problem. On
Thursday, as well, the city was without light for the entire day because, as
it was explained, a bolt had sheared off. What will it be tomorrow? [Text]
[Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 1 Sep 82 p 3] 6362

CsO: 4742/402

32



REVISION OF SASOL PRIORITIES REPORTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Sep 82 p 22

[Article by Daan de Kock]

[Text]

AVAILABLE cash re-
sorces won't allow Sasol
to tackle any new projects
over the next few years,

three areas of
priority will largely ab-
sorb the available cash

[

High priority will be
given to this in the next
few years to sort out bot-
tlenecks and to make
plant improvements.

In the second place,
substantial amounts will

be invested in the replace-
ment and renewal of plant
and equipment.

In the third place, cash
‘pesources must be re-
served as far as possible
with a view to the acquisi-
tion of Sasol I. “It is still
not anticipated that this
will take place before
1984” Dr De Villiers says.
“For these reasons,
capital investment in
other projects over the
next few years may have
to be limited to smaller
investments in i
‘the group’s objective of
improved balance be-
tween its upstream- and

cso: 4700/1977

downstream petrochemi-
cal operations,” he says.
Dr De Villiers says he

million and profit after

taxto R199,7-million.
Telooks though as if this
's profit after tax

million mark.
Dr De Villiers says one
sof the prerequisites for 2

favourable investment cli-
mate in synfuels is the

linked ta international
fuel prices.

‘He said: “The Sasol or
ganisation is +
‘equipped to deal not only
with the immediate, but
also with the longer-term,
challenges which lie

64

ahead.” He indentifies
some of these challenges

as:

ringing into produc-
tion the biggest under-
ground coal mining com-
“plex in the world at
Secunda Colleries, which
is already producing at
the rate of 17-million tons
ayear.
@ Reaching continuous
production at full capacity
at Sasol II and Sasol IT.
@ Bringing to fruition
the new Secunda fertilizer
project and the establish-
ment of its organisation.
. fimising on the pro-

Chemical sales ‘currently
total nearly R400-million
ayear. .

© Optimising on the op-
eration of the Sasolburg
works and in particular on
developing the program-

Dr De Villiers says it is
obvious that certain prod-
ucts will be affected more
than others by the present
downturn in the econ-
omy.

Sales of pipeline gas by
Gascor have already
shown a downward trend.



Breakdown of Education

And we have reason to believe that some government agencies--in. Upper
Volta, for example, the National Institute of Education, the management
personnel of Functional and Selective Literacy, and the Young Farmer
Formations, to mention just these few--are actively working at that
abovementioned combination effort,

If it is true that a man who can read and write products 4 times more than
an illiterate man does, undertaking educational reforms ought to result in
development for our country.

But the purely cultural content of that educational reform must also
concern us,

Whether we are talking about ethics, philosophy, literature, humanities,
applied sciences--whether we are talking about clothes-making skills or
cooking skills--or if we are talking about techniques of human
development-~schooling must draw its inspiration from our own values, in
accordance with degrees of advancement that will vary with the levels of
instruction.

To that end we will have to recover our own system of traditional education
which will constitute the basis for methodological inspiration in more
than one respect.

Contrary to what one might have us believe, there is nothing about a whole
series of standard educational methods--methods which have not survived
even in the countries where they were devised and which imposed them on
us--that our traditional educational methods have to be jealous about.
And in that regard those countries haven't found their way to this
day--witness their student movements which never stop agitating for a
reexamination of educational systems,

Their mistakes ought to serve us as lessons, so that we turn to
ourselves--that we use ourselves as the starting point in order to better
adapt to the changing cycles of global developments that are imposed on us
as inevitabilities.

Otherwise we will never find our way to the end of that tunnel that is the
great unknown for civilizations, That is the only reason for us to
contribute something to others.

But knowledge seems to me to be the keystone of development. In any case,
knowledge is necessarily one of the principal levers of development. It
reminds us of our traditional socio-economic structures from which our
evolution will in the first instance have to draw inspiration; it displays
to us the types of societies to whose influences we are subjected; and it
provides us the elements for advancement of our own development.

Furthermore, whether we are talking about the field of health, agriculture,

industry, or other fields, everything depends first and foremost on the
knowledge of the person whom we want to cause to develop.

101



KENYA

BRIEFS

FIRM TO RETURN UNIFORMS--A FIRM that has been selling surplus military uniforms
obtained from the Forces Quarter Master's Stores has told The Nairobi Times
that they will give back their remaining stock. The director of the firm

said this following the Presidential ban on the sale of these goods. In his
speech on Sunday, President Moi said that some people wearing forces uniforms
and posing as members of the security forces have struck a number of estates
in Nairobi robbing people. According to the director of the firm who did

not want to be identified they sold almost every kind of military goods with
the exception of camouflage jackets and army trousers. [Text] [Nairobi THE
NAIROBI TIMES in English 14 Sep 82 p 9]

CSO: 3400/22

42



MAIZE ESTIMATE--SOUTH Africa's final official 1981/82 maize crop estimate
has been cut to 8,32-million tons from 8,43-million forecast last month,

the Agriculture Department says. The final estimate, which is based on
conditions at the end of Augsut, is sharply down from 1980/81's record outturn
of 14,66-million tons following a drought earlier this year in main growing
areas. Grain sorghum output is estimate, which is based on conditions at
the end of August, is sharply down from 1980/81's record outturn of 14,66-
million tons following a drought earlier this year in main growing areas.
Grain sorghum output is estimated unchanged from last month at 286,000 tons,
but is well below last season's 545,000 tons actual production. The Agricul-
ture Department estimates sunflower seed production at 297,700 tons against
297,000 and 517,630 and groundnuts at 89,850 versus 93,150 and 210,540. All
South African summer cereals have been adversely affected by drought. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Sep 82 p 23]

TRANSVAAL EDUCATORS--THE President of the Transvaal Educators' Society, Mr

J R Lambson, has sent a message of support to the Transvaalse Onderwysersve-
reniging after TO president Professor Hennie Maree's attack on the English-
speaking Transvaal Teachers' Association at the weekend. Prof Maree told

the TO's annual congress that while the TTA and the English-speaking community
had a right to their own educational viewpoints, the TTA should not be a "bull
in a china shop", attacking the "fine porcelain" of Afrikaner education. Prof
Maree said he deplored the way Christian-national education was being attacked
for polarising Black and Afrikaner nationalists. The text of a telegram sent
to Prof Maree by Mr Lambson yesterday read: "This society for teachers in
English-medium schools will never sacrifice its Afrikaans colleagues on the
altar of multiracialism. "Our first priority is to establish good relations
and mutual understanding between English and Afrikaans teachers and we will
continue to work towards this end." The TES is an unofficial body formed
after a split in the TTA late last year. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

in English 22 Sep 82 p 9]

MARKETING ACT--THE President's Council was warned by the SA Agricultural
Union yesterday that social and political instability would follow the repeal
of the Marketing Act. Lengthy testimony against abolishing the Act was put
to the Committee for Economic Affairs of the Council. The committee is in-
vestigating measures which restrict the effective functioning of free-market
mechanisms. The representatives of the Agricultural Union who addressed the
committee said people who advocated the repeal of the Marketing Act not only
ignored the facts of the matter. "They are also agitating for something which
could directly have very adverse consequences for the consumer and carry with
it the germ of social and political instability." The advantages of the Act
for consumers, particularly poorer consumers, were also pointed out to the
committee, a spokesman for the union told The Citizen in Pretoria yesterday.
The union pointed out in its evidence that agriculture was fundamentally
different to other sectors of the economy. Agriculture was particularly sus-
ceptible to supply problems as the production cycle was of a long-term nature
and could not be planned, while there were many farmers competing to sell
their products. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Sep 82 p 8]

84



--Increasing party influence over all aspects of military life;

--The ideological, political, military and psycholocial education of
soldiers;

--Scrupulous respect for the party program and statutes by party political
bodies and organizations;

--Instilling military personnel with a high degree of patriotism, and
unhesitating devotion to the fatherland, the party, the working class, the
people and the revolution;

--Instilling a feeling of internationalism in the men;
--Inciting hatred for the enemy.

The Congolese Labor Party's participation in the building of a new type of
army assumes a many-faceted character. It is the party which determines
military policy and prepares the scientific foundations for the organization
and the development of the army.. It takes care of equipping it with weapons
and other equipment needed for defense. It selects and trains military
officers; and coordinates, orients, channels and authorizes all military
activity in our country.

The party's political work in the army is the most effective means for
realizing the party's policy in the armed forces. It establishes a high
degree of professional awareness in the military personnel, forms a new
concept of the world, creates unhesitating devotion to the fatherland, and
provides a moral factor in combat.

The party's political work ini:the army provides a politiical approach for
sizing up all military problems and an ideological basis for this activity.
The party's political work in the army and its objective, the principles
and form of its organization are determined by Marxist-Leninist doctrine on
the party and on the defense of the revolution's attainments, by the party's
program and statutes, by the decisions of the Congress and of Central
Committee sessions, and by the orders and directives of the CPA [expansion
unknown] of the Ministry of Defense and the General Political Directorate of
the Army.

Marxist analysis of the function of the army shows that society's military
organization is an instrument of the dominating classes who use it to safe-
guard their interests. The National People's Army is an instrument of

the Congolese working class. In order for the National People's Army to
serve the large masses of the people, the troops would have to be educated
according to Marxist-Leninist concepts and the party line in a class spirit.
It is precisely this activity that the party handles in the army through
political organizations and party and youth organization.



Permits Now Needed for Ugandans, Tanzanians
(Mohamed Warsama; NAIROBI TIMES, 1 Oct 82) .....eeeeeeuee

Catholic Bishops Praised for Political Involvement
(Editorial; DAILY NATION, 15 Sep 82) .....eceeeeeeeeeeees

System Should Prosecute Big Fish, Not Small Fry
(Editorial; THE NAIROBI TIMES, 14 Sep 82) ......seeeeeoee

Kicomi Factory May Close Down
(THE NAIROBI TIMES, 17 Sep 82) ........ pee eee e cece eee

Briefs
Firm To Return Uniforms

NAMIBIA

Canu Denies SA Instigating Secession
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 24 Sep 82) ..

Swanu Refuses Participation in Interim Government
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 24 Sep 82) ....esecceceeeesees .

Botha's Remarks 3een Protracting Settlement
(Editorial; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 24 Sep 82) .........

Rossing Puts Damper on Local Supplier of Manganese
(David Pieters; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 14 Sep 82) .....

Briefs
Swapo At Low Ebb

NIGER
Forestry Official Discusses Antidesertification Program
(Adamou Abdou Interview; SAHEL HEBDO, 3 Aug 82) ........-
SENEGAL
New Group To Promote Communication Among All National Elements
(LE SOLEIL, 27 Aug 82) ......-- cece eee e ences see e cece eee
SEYCHELLES

SPPF Holds Nationwide Unity Meetings
(NATION, 18 Sep 82) .....-.eeeeeeee sec eeecees pce ee ee eee

Relations with Australia Strengthened
(NATION, 22 Sep 82) ....seeeeeeee eee eeneceeeeeeneees see

38

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60



KENYA

CATHOLIC BISHOPS PRAISED FOR POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT
Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 15 Sep 82 p 6
[Editorial: "Linking Politics to Religion"]

{Text] WE are delighted that the Roman Catholic archbishops have come out

in a pastoral letter, with comments about the activities of Dismal Sunday.
Even more welcome is the fact that their letter was published in all the major
newspapers and magazines in the country last week. Obviously they were not
interested in just reaching their usual flock--they could have done that from
the pulpit. By widely publishing the pastoral letter they got to the whole
nation.

Without getting into the merits and demerits of their arguments it is important
to note that they took some of the basic documents of the politics of this
nation and integrated them into doctrinal concerns. This is as it should be.

It is up to the other religious leaders to follow the nyayos of the Catholic
leaders. By so doing religion will become more integrated into the national

leadership. The churches lock into their trained manpower some of the most
educated Kenyans. It is only fair that they should get involved.

cso: 3400/22

39



DETAILS IN ANTI-TERRORIST TRAINING GIVEN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Sep 82 p 12

[Article by Aida Parker:

[Text]

TERRORISTS, _ world-
wide, are thinking big
these days. So is the
South African Govern-
ment. In an era of grow-
ing “super-violence”, the
Government has slapped
on tough new legislation
requiring operators of
high-risk strategic indus-
tries and installations to
ensure their own maxi-
mum security: Or else.
There is no playing
with the “or else.” Under

the new National Key.

Points (NKP) Act ga-
zetted last month, those
controlling NKPs whose
. loss or damage could
prejudice the national in-
terest must now provide
adequate protection: Or
face a fine of up to
R20 000 (or five years) for
failure to do so.
Hardline? Certainly.
~But South Africa is far
from being alone in tak-
ing such measures. British
eatlier initiated extremely
tough similar legislation
_ in Ulster. Since then, with
the spread of radical viol-
ence and Marxist-backed
terrorists as a “hit-back”
mechanism against free
enterprise economies,
such security require-
ments are now routine in
Western Europe, North
America and Japan.
As it is, terrorists have

70

left a long succession of
their violent calling cards
in this country: The Carl-
_ton bomb blast, the Goch
? Street shoot-out and the
R5,8-million Sasol blow-
out high among them.

With South Africa oc-
cupying a particular place
of honour on the terrorist
“hit” list, with well-train-
ed ANC saboteurs known
to be holed up in Mozam-
bique, Lesotho and other
neighbouring states, it is
logical to expect that re-
plays of such ugly scenar-
ios could sooner or later
beon the cards.

Prevention, then, be-
comes the name of the
_game. That is why De-

“fence piloted this legis-
lation: To ensure that
possible “target” NKPs
would, among other safe-

| ty features, be forced to
employ highly-profession-
al security guards well
equipped to meet (and
beat) the saboteur or ter-
rorist at his own nasty
game.

Quite apart from poss-
ible sabotage, of course,
plants and installations
must equally be protected
from the threat of armed
robbery, riot action, pol-
itical violence, arson,
malicious damage, strikes
or other political or crimi-
nalactivity.

SOUTH AFRICA

"There Is More to Security Than Meets the Eye"]



cso:

3400/24

, Teflected the consérvative
“attitudes of Afrikaans
speakers as a whole when
it came to interpersonal
relationships over the
colour line among chil-
dren in general and in the
school situation in par-
ticular.

Other race groups, like
English-speakers, were
found to be consistently
in favour of open sport at
alllevels.

However, Indians were
found to be the most in
favour of open school
sport. floowed by
Coloureds, then Blacks
_and finally, Whites.

As far as the tempo of
change towards multira-
cial sport was concerned,
the investigation found
that fewer English-speak-
ers than  Afrikaans-
Speakers believed the
changes were being made
too fast or at the right
speed. “

The report said that
among Coloureds and In-
dians (reliable data on
Blacks was not available)
there was a considerable
degree of frustation over
sports segregation. .

This was evident from
the fact that the majority
of Indian and Coloured
people interviewed said
they were prepared to ap-
prove of sports boycotts
against South African.

Asked if they believed
integrated sport would
lead to a reduction in
sports boycotts, more
than half the groups i
volved in the investiga-
tion said they were not
too optimistic. Propor-
tionately, White Afri-
kaans-Speakers were the
least optimistic.

79



354062

JPRS 81997

15 October 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2703

820 01608661

FBIS;| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

a

I
WS
AGO |



INCREASE OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS CITED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Sep 82 p 6

[Editorial]

{Text ]

IT’s been a while since we referred to Mr Mu-
gabe in this leader column. Not that things
haven’t been happening in Zimbabwe. It’s
just that we had become a little tired of hav-
ing to point out to Mugabe supporters what a
lousy country he has been turning Zimbabwe
into.

Even sections of the South African Press
which were favourably disposed towards Mr
Mugabe are now finding cause for criticism.

Like “concern” for human rights is mounting
in Zimbabwe after a series of court cases
which have contravened if not the letter of
the Lancaster House guarantees then at least
their spirit.

“The resultant erosion of confidence in the
tule of law could have serious consequences
for this young State in terms of investment,
retention of skills and internal peace.”

We would put it more strongly than that.

There is a supreme contempt for legal niceties.
For example, there was the notorious case of
the York brothers. The Minister of Home
Affairs, Dr Herbert Ushewokunze, openly
defied a High Court: order to produce the
men in court and release them.

They were subsequently freed on the interven-
tion of Mr Mugabe. .

There was also the Goverment-ordered secre-
cy surrounding the “torture trial” of the de-
tained Republican Front Parliamentarian,
Mr Wally Stuttaford.

He won his case for damages of R27 000 for
torture and mistreatment at the hands of
Government security agents, but the Gov-
ernment slapped a ban on reporting of the
judgment. .

Now we have the case of two top-ranking Zim-
babwe Air Force men, accused under emer-

105

ZIMBABWE



GABON

Weekly Wrap-Up of Non-English Press
(Kifle Djote; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 5 Sep 82) ....

Soviet Delegation Leaves for Home
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 2 Sep 82)

Exhibition on Bio-Gas Staged in Asmara
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 31 Aug 82)

Names of 13 Schools in Eritrea Changed
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 4 Sep 82) .....eeeeeeeeeee sees

Briefs
Newly Built Bridge
Power Generator in Bako

Briefs
Road Building Priority

GUINEA-BISSAU

Statistics on Falling Exports Listed

(NO PINTCHA, 28 Aug 82) .....seeeeeeeccec eee eeeeeteeeres
Establishment of Hard Currency Accounts Ordered

(NO PINTCHA, 25 Aug 82) ...... see eeee See c cece eee eeeeceee
Violent Repression of Speculators Urged

(Editorial; NO PINTCHA, 25 Aug 82) ........eeeeeeeeeeees
Briefs

Frequent Blackouts Lamented

Acute Shortage of Diesel Expected
(William Onyango; DAILY NATION, 13 Sep 82) .........-008

Cotu Rejects Government Stand on Seamen Recruitment
(NAIROBI TIMES, 9 Sep 82) ....cceeececeecececeeeeeece eee

Cotu Ouster Plan Exposed
(Noel Okoth; NAIROBI TIMES, 13 Sep 82) ........+-.- sees

Unrecovered Arms Could Pose Security Problem
(Editorial; NAIROBI TIMES, 13 Sep 82) ........ eee eeeee

Somali Envoy Says Kenyan Goods Wanted
(NAIROBI TIMES, 9 Sep 82) ...cssesccccececcccneeceeeeeee

-b-

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29

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32

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cso:

gency regulations of being involved in the
sabotage of 13 planes.

Their attorneys publicly stated this week that
they were tortured and illegally denied access
to their lawyers.

/The men, Air Vice-Marshal Hugh Slatter, de-

puty commander of the White-dominated
Air Force, and Wing Commander Peter Bris-
coe, training officer, were subjected to
“cruel and inhuman” methods of “psychol-
ogical and physical” torture by their interro-
gators, the attorneys claimed. |
These two officers were in tears when a lawyer |
visited them last week. Although they were
forced to make statements, they protest their
innocence.
One would like to think that such treatment is
, isolated. But the cases we have mentioned
“involved Whites and were given prominence
in the Zimbabwean and international Press.

‘Hundreds of unnamed Blacks have disap-

peared into prisons without anyone being
able to take up the legal cudgels on their be-
half.

The Zimbabwean Government refuses to say
how many people are in detention, or give
details of the people being held.

They have simply disappeared.

Of course, if Mr Mugabe could claim in the
third year of independence that everyone
loves him (or at least accepts the justness and

4700/1977

106

inpartiality of his Government), he might be
said to have brought peace and contentment
to Zimbabwe.

But his country is being increasingly destabi-
lised.. In Matabeleland, farmers have just
told him that unless law and order is restored
in the area, where dissidents are responsible
for mounting violence, they will quit the
land.

As if it were not enough to worry Zimbab-
weans, Mr Mugabe has blandly stated that
distortions inherent in Zimbabwe’s constitut-
ion need to be corrected and Parliament
must be reformed to reflect the new order in
Zimbabwe. ~

Zimbabwe could not afford the luxury of pro-
tracted and sometimes nauseating, obstruc-
tionist debates that tie down Ministers and
delay the practical implementation of Gov-
ernment policy.

So what does this “moderate” leader, this par-
agon of “conciliation,” this Marxist so much
admired by the liberals of the South have to
offer in its place?

Why, a one-party Parliamentary system, pro-
vided the one party is his own. “No pro-
tracted debates would then be necessary,” he
declares.

Hooh boy! Mr Mugabe is about as democratic

sas a Russian commissar, and his country as
appealing as a spotted hyena.



GUINEA-BISSAU

STATISTICS ON FALLING EXPORTS LISTED
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 28 Aug 82 p 4

[Text] As we reported in an earlier edition, Guinea-Bissau registered
516,390,000 pesos in imports in the first quarter of this year. Exports in
the same period amounted to 48,562,000 pesos and the rate of coverage was 9.4
percent. The figures were taken from the Foreign Exchange Monthly Bulletin,
published by the General Office of Statistics of the State Secretariat of
Planning and International Cooperation.

In the first quarter of 1981, imports amounted to 418,143,000 pesos, and ex-
ports stood at 159,641,000 pesos, with a coverage rate of 38.2 percent.

Supplies for crafts, commerce, industry and administration led the list of
imports, amounting to 159,039,000 pesos, or 30.8 percent of our imports. In
second place are machines, appliances and parts, amounting to 128,647,000
pesos, representing 24.9 percent of total imports.

By continent, Europe holds first place in our imports. We imported merchan-
dise from the 01d Continent amounting to 367,047,000 pesos, or 71.3 percent
of our imports. The American continent is in second place, with 87,739,000
pesos. We imported 30,349,000 pesos' worth of merchandise from Africa,
representing 5.8 percent of our imports.

Regarding exports, Europe is also in first place with 83.9 percent of the
total volume exported by Guinea-Bissau, and Africa is in second place with
16.1 percent.

As usual, products from the sea head the list of imports, amounting to
36,732,000 pesos (75.6 percent), and in second place are manufactured products,
amounting to 7,474,000 pesos (15.4 percent of all exports).

Portugal is our principal client, purchasing 10,627,000 pesos' worth of
products, and the 10 member nations of the EEC are in second place with
19,785,000 pesos. Portugal also leads the list of suppliers, followed by
the EEC.

In 1981, agriculture and livestock held first place, with exports valued at
83 million pesos. This year the figure did not exceed 0.7 million. In 1981

27



students ever invited to work at the institute which is rated as being among
the top five in the world. The students will be at the institute for eight
to ten weeks working with scientists of international repute and helping them
with important research. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Sep
82 p 14]

INFLATION SAGS--THE inflation rate as measured by the Consumer Price Index
sagged below 14 percent during August for the first time in five months. How-
ever, economists warned consumers against excessive optimism that this signal-
led the start of a downward trend in living costs. This was mainly because of
the one percent increase in General Sales Tax imposed by the Minister of
Finance, Mr Owen Horwood. The big bread price increase from the start of Oc-
tober and the virtual certainty of a substantial petrol price rise in late
October or early November will also fuel inflation. According to the CPI for
August released in Pretoria by the Central Statistical Services, the increase
in August was 1.2 percent, with a 12-month figure of 13,8 percent. It was
14,4 percent at the end of July. Food rose by 0,3 percent with a 12-month
figure of 10.3 percent. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Sep

82 p 14]

CHURCH UNITY--CAPE TOWN--There was no clearcut way of bringing about unity

in the church, the Reverent Dawid Botha, moderator of the NG Sendingkerk for
SA said at the church's synod in Cape Town last night. Mr Botha told dele-
gates in his opening address of the Mission Church's 23rd synod that church
affairs had become clouded by the question of unity and how to achieve it.

By suspending two South African churches in Ottawa last month over the issue
of apartheid the World Alliance of Reformed Churches had not contributed to

a solution which would unite the churches of the world. The alliance had
warned of the obstacles obstructing the road to unity but had failed to reach
a decision on how to achieve true church unity. He urged delegates to turn
to the scripture in their search for a solution to the problem of church unity
and for greater insight into the dilemma. Mr Botha said he had to admit that
there was very little unity in his church and even less in the churches of
South Africa and the world. This was in spite of numerous attempts to bring
about unity on all levels of the church, he said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 23 Sep 82 p 14]

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM--CERTAIN Christian leaders in South Africa--and not the
Government--are the people who are directly responsible for suppressing the
freedom of religious thought, according to Father Lewis. He said yesterday
that while it would be folly to deny that the price of faithfulness was high,
even higher was the cost of warning against a "liberation" theology. This
could only reproduce in South West Africa and South Africa the "justice" at-
tained in Zimbabwe, he said. What the so-called "liberal" churchmen in South
Africa were effectively doing was taking the policies of the would-be rulers
of mankind and dressing them up as the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. "And
in South Africa the English-speaking Church establishment has powerful means
of silencing criticism. "These include ostracism and litigation, apparently
with foreign funds. It is not the Government in this country which suppresses
freedom of religious thought and expression--it is, unhappily, some of the
Christian leaders," he said. Nevertheless believers had a simple duty to

86



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NUMBER OF WORKING WOMEN--FINANCIAL considerations are not the only reason

why more and more women are joining the country's workforce, says the Insti-
tute for Manpower Research at the Human Sciences Research Council. In 1951
only 20 percent of the economically active part of the population were women.
This rose to 32 percent in 1980. However, the view that the "traditional"
role of a woman is to be a mother is still the most important consideration
in a woman's decision to work away from home, the institute says. In 1980,
almost 70 percent of White women worked away from home. After the age of

24 there is a considerable decrease, which can be related to marriage and
starting a family. A noticeable change in the trend takes place once the
youngest child reaches school age. The number of working women stays more

or less stable from the ages of 33 to 55. According to research, women grad-
uated plan, as a rule, for both a career and marriage. In 1978 about 60 per-
cent of women graduates indicated that their families were their prime concern
and that they would work away from home only if decresed family obligations
allowed them to. Twenty-two percent preferred to follow a full-time career
at all costs and the rest were not interested in a career. The report suggests
that if employers want to use women's potential fully they should provide
retraining facilities for women who return to work after a period of interrup-
ted service; create more part-time posts to help women with school-going chil-
dren; introduce job-sharing; and start flexi-time systems. [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 30 Sep 82 p 19]

DURBAN SECURITY TIGHT--DURBAN--Durban has taken the lead in South Africa in
introducing modern lethal security devices to protect important municipal
installations. The installations have been introduced over the last few months
after in-depth investigations and consultations with the Government to obtain
the most sophisticated security systems. The Durban Town Clerk, Mr Gordon
Haygarth, confirmed yesterday that some of the devices have already been in-
stalled. More are to follow. Durban Corporation recently began to adopt

a more aggressive attitude in guarding its property, including the use of
barbed wire, electrified fencing and explosives. The drive to use the most
modern security techniques comes after attacks earlier this year by ANC ter-
rorists on key installations, including a municipal electricity substation,

in which thousands of rands damage was caused. The corporation has also trained
about 80 security guards in the most modern techniques of fighting terrorism.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Sep 82 p 19]

81



CONGO

EFFECT OF LARGE-SCALE IMPORTS ON PURCHASING POWER
Brazzaville ETUMBA in French No 655, 31 Jul 82 pp 4, 11

[Article by Flavien Balaka: "Purchasing Power and Standard of Living of the
Congolese"

[Excerpts] To determine precisely the effect of large-scale imports on
purchasing power and the standard of living in the Congo, it is necessary to
make a brief survey of the wrldwide economic situation, and more specifi-
cally the changes with the most far-reaching efforts, in order to find an
explanation for certain past situations and evaluate their effect on our
economy.

Thus, due to the degree of openness of our economy, the Congo, through our
foreign trade and especially through imports, practically defenseless, will
suffer all the inflationary effects unleashed in the developed countries (the
West). In fact, all the increases in the prices of products manufactured

in developed countries and imported into the Congo have repercussions on
internal price structures, thus seriously affecting the purchasing power of
the masses.

This already alarming situation will be further aggravated today following
devaluation of the French franc to which our currency is related.

In fact, if for France the consequences of this devaluation will be a reduc-
tion in imports and a strengthening of exports (which is a favorable situation
for the French economy); on the other hand, for the Congo and the other coun-
tries in the franc zone, even though in the short term it appears this will
not cause serious problems with France since the CFA franc has a fixed rela-
tionship to the French franc, there is, however, reason to fear the effects
of this devaluation inasmuch as the currency used in trade transactions is
the U.S. dollar, for which the interest rate is very high. So, our invoices
which are payable in U.S. dollars will now be difficult for the people to
sustain (while in 1981 a dollar was equal to 4.65 French francs or close to
233 CFA francs, today it is moving toward 7 French francs or 350 CFA francs).
This means that we may again experience runaway price increases on all pro-
ducts imported from outside of the franc zone and inevitably this will affect
the people's purchasing power again.



--The technical standpoint: From the technical standpoint, aside from comply-
ing with specifications for planting, one must deal with the matter of the work
force to make the project succeed. This work force was procured for us free by
Operation Green Sahel. Indeed, the youth workers, as they are called, comprise
youths from all corners of the world, in addition to Nigeriens. Thus the Waters
and Forests Office has not had to spend money for this item, the Ministry of
Youth, Sports and Culture having assumed responsibility for everything. On this
technical level, we can only mention a few small problems from the standpoint of
compliance with technical specifications, but that can be understood insofar as
these youths are not professionals. In any case, the units in charge are there
to keep things in line.

--The social standpoint: This project has made it possible to bring together
young people from several countries. At this time, cultures and experiences are
exchanged; the youths get acquainted with each other. The most important point
is the influence this project has had on the young people, This effect is per-
manent and facilitates a widespread sensitization of the population to the
problem of the environment. That is one of the project's goals.

[Question] Precisely a propos of the desert encroachment phenomenon, returning
from a recent visit to the country's interior, the head of state sounded the
alarm. With this end in view, the offices in charge should make short- or
medium-term provisions. What are you contemplating at present?

[Answer] It was in fact upon his return from his tour to the Department of
Maradi that the president drew the attention not only of the offices in charge
but also of all the Nigerien people to the problem of desertification, which is
taking over the rest of the country in great strides, Moreover this is not the
first cry of alarm: two others were issued, including one by President Sekou
Toure asking the people of Maradi to plant trees, and a second by President
Kountche from Ouallam in 1981.

To confront this problem, the Office of Waters and Forests has always carried
out campaigns that, while they have had no effect vis-a-vis the process (of
desertification), have become very important in recent years. Two large cam-
paigns represent the most important part of its assistance.

[1] --The protection of the rest of our wooded heritage by:

--Classifying important mountain Massifs

--Protecting valuable fuels

--Fighting brushfires

--Putting people on guard

--Supervising the exploitation of certain mountain Massifs for firewood or tim-
ber ‘by issuing cutting permits.

--Prohibiting the exploitation of wood for timber (temporary ban) in certain

zones. This is the case for palmyras in the region of Gaya. All this to allow
a natural regeneration.

51



A second center established by the Assemblies of God has been operating
since 1978 in Sambisgo near Koudougou. It has 120 residents at present
who get mainly vocational training (welding, dressmaking, mechanics) along
with learning to read and write properly.

A discouraged Mrs Sanou lapses into saying that in spite of all that "the
children cause us anxiety, No sooner have they been sent back to their
parents than they go back hanging around the streets again. Sometimes
they even get away from us on the trip to Orodara and we find them again
in the same old places in the city a little while later," It is the
attraction of the group that captivates them--that environment that grabs
them, dazzles them, and protects them, "And how about if one were to
arrest them all?" said the police superintendent. Where would one put
them? "In a detention section for minors," in the opinion of Mrs Zigani
who says that her department has been calling for one for some 15 years.
Other solutions are specialized boarding schools, training schools with
pay in order to retain the youngsters accustomed to functioning with
money, and public interest jobs with training such as Father Andre Quattara
is doing in Bobo Dioulasso. Since the police record of arrested minors
remains clean, they can subsequently put in for competitive examinations
if they achieve the requisite level or they can put in for employment that
they had learned at the training school. Employers would still have to
agree to hire them on; police officials are skeptical that they would
agree to,

But, most of all, minors need to be kept busy by creating jobs in the rural
environment and by organizing vacation clubs. Specialized educators must
be trained, particularly at the new Ouagadougou school for social work, an
area neglected by young people though it is essential for a social service
team in order to restore, if need be, the family life scene in a home.

Sidwagnan

He is 15 years old and comes from the Ouahigouya area. Sidwagnan shines
shoes in Ouagadougou. With his little wooden box and his complete
shoeshine box's kit he wanders along the streets and in front of offices
and goes into bars and hotels everywhere. It's 50 francs to shine a pair
of shoes, everyone knows the rate, and there is the advantage that it is
within the range of everyone's pocketbook, And then having your shoes
shined when you're out is a solution that saves time and energy, dispenses
from this eventual job, and leaves you looking impeccable at any given
moment-~at least in your lower extremities--and without having to buy new
shoes, Washing, drying, putting on polish, shining--you get everything.
What does it matter if it is always the same general purpose rag that is
used, At the sound of the brush striking the box, the customer presents
his other foot or knows that: the job's done, This rhythmic tempo is a
universal invention of shoeshine boys to kindly jog the memories of
customers so inattentive that they go so far as to forget their
hardworking presence, However, in spite of this lack of a show of
consideration, customers seem to harbor a certain sympathy for these

93



SOUTH AFRICA

ZERO GROWTH, DROP IN INFLATION PREDICTED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Sep 82 p 4

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

SOUTH Africa was war-
ned yesterday to brace it-
self for a possible zero
economic growth rate
next year — and an infla-
tion rate of about 13 per-
cent, or about 2 percent
less than this year.
However, on the posi-
tive side, economists and
financial experts said in
Pretoria there were
‘strong indications of an
upswing in the country's
economy towards the end
of next year, leading to a
recovery in 1984.
Speakers at a seminar
fon the South African
economy, held by the
Pretoria Chamber of
Commerce, said the re-
‘covery. could start even
earlier, next year.
However, the economy
was still in a downswing
which was expected to
‘continue well into 1983.
South Africa’s econom-
ic growth rate was ex-
pected to decline from 4,7
percent in 1981 to 0,2 per-
cent this year and to rise
marginally next year.“

It was predicted that
demand for commercial
bank lending would show
a downward trend gener-
ally, which could exert

cso: 4700/1977

downward pressure on
the prime overdraft rate.

Dr C J de Swardt, head
ot the Economics Depart-
ment of the Reserve
Bank, said short-term
prospects were that the
present downswing would
continue during the rest
of this year and during
most, if not all, of 1983.

Taking everything into
account he expected that
the real rate of economic
growth would fall below 1
percent this year and.
could remain near zero in
1983.

Notwithstanding the ré-
covery in the gold price,
the ‘balance of payments
would continue to show a
large deficit this year.

Provided the gold price
did not fall significantly in
the rest of the year, the
1981 deficit of nearly R4-
billion would probably be
equalled this year. °

But looking beyond the
present economic down-
swing, which he expected
to end towards the end of
1983 or early in 1984,
South Africa was well
placed to resume a higher

72

rate of real economic
growth, said Dr De
Swardt.

Dr Ari Uliel, econo-
mist to a Johannesburg
stockbtoking firm and
senior lecturer in business
management at Wit-
-watersrand:_ University,
said he believed the South
African economy could
prepare for a better inter-
national . economic - en-

» vironment in 1983/84.

“In a nutshell, the defi-
cits onthe current ac-
count of the balance of
payments could turn into
surpluses as early as the
first half of 1983.

“This would be a con-
sequence of increaed non-
gold exports and the high-
er gold price, while the
growth rate of import
continues to decline ow-
ing to’ the economic ad-
justments which are tak-
ing place,” he said.

This scenario could
well develop in the sec-
ond half of 1983, facilitat-
jing a strong economic up-
turn in 1984/85, he said.



ACUTE SHORTAGE OF DIESEL EXPECTED

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 13 Sep 82 p 2

[Article by William Onyango]

[Text] There is an acute shortage of
diesel_in the country and
vaccording to Mr. John
Clymo, the chairman of
United Transport Overseas
company (UTOS), that runs
Kenya Bus Services in Nairo-
bi and Mombasa as well as
buses of the East African
Road Services, unless some
measures were taken, there
was going to be difficult situ-
ation.

Talking to The Nairobi
Times yesterday, Clymo said
he had been advised by the
oil company that supplies his
firm with diesel that there
was no crude oil in the coun
wy.

‘And that a special ship-
ment of refined gas oil was
expected to arrive later in the
month

He said his firm was prepa-
ring emergency schedules to
curtail less essential journeys
that ‘‘prove unnecessary” he
“said

Clymo said the Kenya Bus
:Services, for example, has
:supply, which could only take
them up to Monday or
Pac

To save the situation,
‘Clymo stated, that the

cso: 4700/1975

33

{government recently told all
the oil companies to share
supply of diesel. And that, he
said, has now become the
standard practice. The
co-operation between the
Caltex Oil (K) and other oil
companies has saved the
Kenya Bus Services Ltd and
the East African Road Servi-
ces from experfencing the
shortage

The ministry of energy
recently imposed oil import
restrictions, which according
to the minister, Mr. Kabeere
M'Mbijjewe, would not affect
oil supply especially diesel
and paraffin,

The minister also announ-
ced a 10 per cent cut in the
importation of crude oil.

According to the minister
the measure had been taken
to rationalise and ensure
proper utilisation of petrole-
um

Soon after the ministerial
announcement, fears
of petrol hoarding’ by filling
stations were on, but the oil
companies interviewed by
The Nairobi Times ruled out
the speculations, but mainta-
ined silence over the effects of
ministerial announcement.

KENYA



SWANU REFUSES PARTICIPATION IN INTERIM GOVERNMENT

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 24 Sep 82 p 2

[Text]

cso:

3400/23

A THIRD political
party in Namibia,
Swanu has refused to
participate in a new in-
terim government.
proposed for the Ter-
ritory.

Swanu joins the NIP
and the Swapo-Democrats
who this week refused to
take part in a new interim
government for Namibia
planned by the
Administrator-General, Mr
Danie Hough, and his ad-
visers.

The President of Swanu,
Mr Moses Katujiuongua,
said at a press conference
here yesterday his party
had spoken to officials
from the AG's office and
had informed them Swanu
would not be paticipating
“in the proposed dispensa-
tion”.

Swanu, the NIP end the
Swapo-Democrats have to
date not taken part in any
of the first or second tier
governmental system in the
country.

Mr Katiuongua told the
AG officials: “We had to
make a critical choice
between our credibility as
an agent for meaningful
change based on the long-
term national interests of
this country and tem-
porary political expen-
diency. We firmly opted
for the former;.

The Swanu President
said his organisation could
not comment on something
it had no firsthand infor-
mation about.

45

But the party had
deduced from questions
asked that: “Ethnicity
based on tribal and racial
separation and segregation
clearly seems to be an
organic part of the
proposed arrangement.”

Swanu said there was no
guarantee that the “new
order” would not
significantly delay the
implementation of United
Nations Security Council
Resolution 435 for a
ceasefire and elections.

“Also there is no firm it
dication that the proposed
arrangement will hasten
the process of ending the
war and finding viable
solutions to the many
social problems crippling
this country.” Swanu said
in its statement.

The party refused to
answer the questions sub-
mitted by the office of the
AG.

Swanu was _— “fully
aware” the implementation
of Resolution 435 was “not
around the corner”.

“It is Swanv’s firm opi-
nion that a . cosmetic
polishing up of the existing
Turnhalle institutions by
replacing some of their ac-
tors with new ones will not
cure the disease.”

The party did, however,
recommend to the AG that
the “incompotent and
wasteful” Turnhalle institu-
tions should be abolished
and all political and ad-
ministrative power should
temporarily revert to the
AG. — Sapa.

NAMIBIA



NIGER

FORESTRY OFFICIAL DISCUSSES ANTIDESERTIFICATION PROGRAM
Niamey SAHEL HEBDO Special Issue 3 Aug 82 pp 37-39

[Interview on the occasion of Arbor Day with Adamou Abdou, an engineer in the
Office of Waters and Forests and head of the Forests and Environment Service,
by Hama Askofare for SAHEL HEBDO: "Mass Forestry: The Office of Waters and
Forests' New Assistance Strategy"; date and place not specified]

[Excerpts] On ‘the occasion of Arbor Day, in an interview
granted SAHEL HEBDO, Adamou Abdou, an engineer in Waters and
Forests and head of the forests and environment section,
draws up an assessment of Operation Green Sahel and the ways
and means of carrying out an effective fight against deserti-
fication.

[Question] Our country is one of the Sahelian countries most threatened by the
desert's encroachment. As a result and in conjunction with the efforts exerted
by the field staff to halt the scourge or at least reduce its effects, Opera-
tion Green Sahel was inaugurated in 1975, Eight years later, can we make an
assessment of it? Do you feel that the project has been decisive? If not, what
are the reasons?

[Answer] Niger, as we know it, has an area of 1,267,000 square kilometers of
which two-thirds, the northern and northeastern parts, are desert. Only one-
third of this area, the southern, southwestern, and southeastern parts of the
country, commonly called the Sudan-Sahelian zone and covering a part of the
Department of Niamey, the Department of Dosso, and a part of those of Zinder
and Diffa, experiences population pressure with the resulting problem of agri-
cultural lands. It is in this zone that we find the wooded savanna considered,
after the manner of other forested countries, as this country's forested zone.
The influences of the harshness of the climate and of man and his animals on
this thin vegetated heritage make our country one of the most threatened in the
Sahel by the desert's advance. Confronted with this, the task of the forestry
personnel is not easy. They cannot face the problem alone. A general mobiliza-
tion of the whole Nigerien nation is necessary.

It is in this framework that Operation Green Sahel, which enlists youth from
all over the world in addition to young Nigeriens, began in Niger in 1975. To
answer your question after this brief introduction, let me say from the outset
that the assessment is satisfactory on the forestry level. This satisfaction
is from two standpoints: technical and social.

50



BOTHA'S REMARKS SEEN PROTRACTING SETTLEMENT

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 24 Sep 82 pp 1-2

[Editorial]

[Text]

cso:

Prime Minister Piet
Botha didn’t say much
in Walvis Bay last night
and yet said a hell of a
lot.

Irish, maybe, but its
what has to be read
between the lines that is
important.

He made these points
concerning the future of
SWA:

@ It was not in SA’s in-
terest and, consequently,

not in the interests of”

southern Africa, that
SWA fell into ‘com-
munist’ hands;

@ There can be no set-
tlement in SWA unless
the Cubans leave;

@ And the SA troops
in SWA will not be
removed unless the
Cubans go.

Dealing with the first
point first, it is only too
well known that the SA
Government regards
Swapo as ‘communist’
so it certainly will not
make it easy for Swapo
to get a political
foothold here, irrespec-
tive of its popular sup-
port.
On the contrary, it

3400/23

“majority

can be expected that the
SA_ Government will
adopt the hardest line
possible against Swapo
which means that the
settlement process must
by the very nature of the
aforementioned become
extremely protracted.

Put another way, even
if Swapo did have vast
support in
SWA and could be
regarded as the authen-
tic representative of the
people of Namibia, the
SA Government would
probably regard that as
quite secondary to its
own and Southern
Africa’s best interests.

The rest is self-
explanatory and must
serve as the main point
of departure for all
Namibian _ inhabitants
for the forseeable future.

The rationale behind
the establishment of a
new interim government
in the country is not an
“if factor, but a ‘must’
factor.

That it is said that a
new interim government
falls in line with UN
Security Council
Resolution 435 or not is

46

for the present quite ir-
relevant.

The second and third
points raised by Mr
Botha are ancillary.

Angolan Foreign
Minister Paulo Jorge
made it clear on

Wednesday (reported in
The Advertiser yester-
day) that the MPLA will
refuse to accept the
withdrawal of the Cuban
troops while in any
event there was little
common ground
between the MPLA and
the US Government
concerning the
oustanding points in
their negotiations.

This must surely suit
the Botha Government
down to the ground.

And above all, the
delay will give Unita the
opportunity to eliminate
and replace the MPLA
in Western interests.

The ball game is now
absolutely clear — and
only, thereafter — will
Namibians be able to
talk of reaching a settle-
ment, but probably on
SA terms as much as
ever!



NGK COMMITMENT TO APARTHEID CONDEMNED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Sep 82 p 12

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — The
White Ned Geref Kerk’s
unyielding commitment
‘to apartheid may destroy
‘its ties with members of
sthe Dutch Reformed
‘Church family in South
Africa.

Formally opening the
‘23rd Ned Geref-Sending-
kerk synod in Belhar, the
retiring Moderator, the
Rev David Botha, said
that “some among us”
already believed that con-
tact with the NGK was
pointless while it made a
shibboleth of apartheid.

He said the NGK had
given the impression that
it was prepared to nego-
tiate only on the basis of
apartheid, and this was
unacceptable.

He warned the White
Church that it had set a
“dangerous precedent” in
breaking off relations
with the Gereformeerde
Churches of the Nether-
lands on doctrinal
grounds.

At the time the NGK
had asked: “How great

“must be the provocation

and what must be the
nature of that provoca-

cso: 4700/1977

tion before Church ties
are broken?”

Mr Botha said he
wished to repeat that
question because, without
knowing it, the NGK had
set a dangerous example
to other members of the
Dutch Reformed Church
family in South Africa.

“Would a younger
Church, now completely
independent, be justified
in breaking its ties with
the NGK if it had the
burning conviction that
apartheid, the political
policy which the NGK
supports, is detrimental
and a threat to the people
itserves?” :

In the search for unity
within the DRC family,
the White Church in 1978
again set itself on a path
of its own. “It again con-
firmed its unyielding be-
lief in the principle of sep-
arate churches —_ for
separate race groups.””

For an important pro-
portion of Sendingkerk
ministers and members,
this was seen as a continu-
ation of the persistent at-
titude of the NGK since
the 1930s, that its re-

75

SOUTH AFRICA

lations with other
Churches would be main-
tained only on the basis of
separation.

| “The NGK has in the
past four decades not only
withdrawn from the
Christian Council, the
World Council of Church-
es and certain bilateral re-
lations _ with other
Churches, but has refused
to have bilaterial or ecu-
menical contacts where its
racial policy is continually
placed in the dock.

“For this reason some
among us have reached
the conclusion that it is a
waste of time and sense-
less to negotiate with the
NGK for Church unity,
because its racial policy
has in fact become a shib-
boleth and because unity
talks cannot even begin
until the NGK is prepared
to abandon that policy
totally.

“In other words, the
NGK must totally aban-
don its traditional ap-
proach that negotiations
on Charch unity and ecu-
menical relations can tak:e
place only on its condit-
ions.” —Sapa,_



SWAPO DEFECTORS--THREE alleged Swapo terrorists have surrendered to the po-
lice. The three men gave themselves up to the police at Katime Mulilo on
Monday, a police spokesman said in Pretoria. The spokesman said it was de-
cided two years ago to grant Swapo defectors amnesty and several men have
defected since. Although the reasons for their defection differed, they had
one common complaint. They said Swapo leaders were enriching themselves with
the organisation's money, while the "freedom fighters had to fight under crit-
ical conditions." Defected terrorists also blamed certain Swapo leaders for
discriminating against members of certain tribes, the police spokesman said.
All of them, however, agreed that they were disillusioned by Swapo, he added.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Sep 82 p 5]

TUCSA VOTE--A motion calling for the government to charge or release detainees
sharply divided delgates at the Trade union Council of SA annual conference

in Johannesburg yesterday. The resolution said: "in order to strengthen
respect for, and confidence in, the judiciary and other democratic institutions,
conference calls on the Government to resort to the normal practice of prose-
cuting those who have committed an offence, or to release them forthwith."
After delegates voted 55 to 47 by show of hands in favour of the motion, with
numerous abstentions, a card vote--where unions vote in terms of membership
numbers was called. The ballot result will only become known today. Division
emerged after the conference had voted overwhelmingly for a motion calling

for a supervised code to prevent abuse of detainees. Mr Arthur Grobelaar,
general-secretary of TUCSA, said that while TUCSA was opposed to the system
of bannings and detentions there was "little doubt that existing security
legislation is going to remain in view of the dangerous situation in which
our country finds itself." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Sep
82 p 14]

CIVIL DEFENSE--THE possibility that South Africa could face a state of emer-
gency through enemy action could not longer be ignored, the Minister of De-
fence, General Magnus Malan said last night. He was speaking at the presenta-—
tion of an "A-grade" certificate to Kempton Park's Civil Defence Unit.
Kempton Park is now one of only 11 towns in the Transvaal whose Civil Defence
units have been awarded the pretigious certificate. The majority of towns
have "D-grade" certificates. Gen Malan stressed the importance of civil de-
fence, saying it was as important as having a good defence force. But he
felt women could play a greater role in civil defence, first aid and telecom-
munications, freeing men for other work. More use could also be made of other
race groups in civil defence units in the same way these people were used

in the South African Defence Force, he said. Civil defence units, he added,
were not armed forces or crime fighters. Their job was to prevent chaos
should natural or man-made emergencies arise. To do this, they had to be
well trained and motivated. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

23 Sep 82 p 14]

STUDENTS TO ISRAEL--NINE South African senior science students from four uni-
versities have been invited to serve as vacation assistants to scientists

at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovoth Israel. This was announced
yesterday by Professor S S Israelstam, executive director of the SA Society
of the Weizmann Institute. This is the largest group of South African science

85



SYSTEM SHOULD PROSECUTE BiG FISH, NOT SMALL FRY

Nairobi THE NAIROBI TIMES in English 14 Sep 82 p 4

[Editorial: "Revelry Cases"]

[Text]

cso: 3400/22

OVER the past few weeks there have been a
number of cases where people have appeared in
court charged with having celebrated when they
heard the first reports that said (erroneously it
turned out) that the Kenya government had been
overthrown. It is quite natural that the
government should want to bring such people to
book, but the government should weigh the

.implications of widely publicising such cases

through court’ proceedings against the general
interests of stability and calm in the country. The
position the government has taken is that the
August | disturbances were the work of a few
disgruntled people, mainly in the Kenya Air
Force. The fact, of course, is that more than 2,000
people are in custody following the abortive coup
attempt, and though 2,000 is a sizeable number even
when compared with 17 million Kenyans, the impor-
tant point the government has been trying to make, is
that only a small number of people were involved
in the disturbances and that the nation as a whole
condemned their action. The various court cases
involving people charged with rejoicing over the
prospects of the overthrow of the government
unfortunately tend to mitigate this impression.
That is why it is in the government's and country’s
interest for the government not to waste too much
time and effort in such prosecutions. They merely
give the false impression that there were many
Kenyans who rejoiced at the announcement of a
coup, when in fact only a small number did. The
judicial machinery of the state is overworked as it
is. Let us reserve its meagre energies and resources
for the bigger job which is yet to come — dealing
with the real perpetrators. of the August |
atrocities. ~

40


JPRS 81997

15 October 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2703
ConTENTS
CHAD
French Financing Agreements To Boost Priority Sectors Signed
CINFO TCHAD, 3 Aug 82) .... cece cece cece cere ee eeeeeee 1
Briefs
ADB Emergency Aid 2
Opening of Central Bank 2
CONGO
Details on Political Work in the Army Given
(Norbert Dabira; ETUMBA, 31 Jul 82) ........ceeeeeeece 3
Effect of Large-Scale Imports on Purchasing Power
(Flavien Balaka; ETUMBA, 31 Jul 82) ......c..ceeeeeee 9
ETHIOPIA

AAU Signs Accord with USSR Academy of Sciences
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 10 Sep 82) ........eee0e beeen 11

The Horn of Africa: A Threat To International Peace
(Editorial; ZEMEN, 10 Aug 82) ..........eee00% eee eee 12

Siad Barre's 'Expansionist' Policy Seen as Threat to
International Peace

(Editorial; ADDIS ZEMEN, 18 Aug 82) . 14
Importance of Increasing Foreign Exchange, Discussed

(Editorial; ADDIS ZEMEN, 11 Aug 82) 16
More than 140 Children Depart for Cuban Scholarships

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 4 Sep 82) ....sceeeeeeeeceeeeee 18

-a- {III - NE & A - 120]



USE OF 'GESTAPO' METHODS CHARGED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Sep 82 p 19

{Article by Aida Parker]

[Text]

FIRST positive infor-
mation about the tor-
ture methods used by
Zipolis, _Zimbabwe’s
dreaded new Gestapo-
type secret police force
established to handle
recalcitrant Whites,
has been supplied to
The Citizen by impec-
cable sources in Mata-
beleland.

The victim was Mrs
Grace Cauvin, matron of
the Queen Elizabeth
Children’s Home in Bula-
wayo and stepmother of
Allen Cauvin (21) who
was sentenced to four
years imprisonment in
May this year for being in
possession of weapons of
war. .

On the night of Tues-
day, August 24, four
Black men, claiming to be
police, arrived first at the
Morningside home of Mr
Pat Cauvin, father of Al-

- len Cauvin, arresting him

and leaving his five-year-
old son.in the care of a
‘domesticservant.
Then, travelling in an
unmarked car, the men
went to the Queen Eliza-
beth Children’s Home
where they forced their
way into Mrs Cauvin’s
flat. Without explanation,
they tore the place apart,
tipping contents of draw-

103

ers and cupboards on to
the floor.

They then dragged the
panicstricken Mrs Cauvin
out of her flat. Her
screams attracted the,at-
tention of a coloured
kitchen supervisor, Mrs
Abrahams. Before being
punched in the face, Mrs
Cauvin called out to Mrs
Abrahams to tell a friend
she had been arrested.

_ Mrs Abrahams phoned
the friend, saying Mrs
Cauvin had been remov-
ed by four men dressed in
civilian clothing but wear-
ing combat caps, presum-
ably police. Immediate
inquiries were made
from a senior police offi-
cer who said he knew
nothing of any such ar-
rest.

.. The following day Mrs
Cauvin’s friend was told
that neither the police nor

the Central Intelligence

Organisafion knew any-
thing about the arrest and
would, consequently,
treat it as a case of abduc-
tion. -

* But, later that day, it
was established that both
‘Mr and Mrs Cauvin were
being held at Stops
Camp, Bulawayo. The
friend was told that they
had been taken there “by
a new organisation called
Zipolis.”

ZIMBABWE



HNP PLAN TO STIR UP PTA CITY COUNCIL REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Sep 82

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

cso:

THE six member Herstig-
te Nasionale Party oppo-
sition in the Pretoria City
Council is planning to
make things hot for the
council by bombarding it
with a mass of potentially
embarrassing questions
and motions.

It was learned yester-
day that the HNP caucus
has already submitted
motions. and questions to
the council — most of
them hinging on race mat-
ters — demanding
answers and debate in

council.
rThe HNP members in
the 36 strong city council
are also planning to force
to a head the lingering
controversy over parks
apartheid in the capital

city.

The Pretoria _ City
Council has been particu-
larly susceptible to any
controversy involving
race matters over the past
few years. There have
been several rows which
have not only embar-
rassed the city but also
South Africa overseas.

A former senior Pre-
toria City Councillor, Mr

4700/1977

Etienne Louw said: “In
the eyes of the world any
verkrampte race decision
coming from Pretoria is
seen as South African, re-
flecting the Government
view, and not as coming
from an autonomous

body.

“For a Pretoria date-
line to be on a report
sufficient to bring the
whole country into ques-
tion.”

A spokesman for the
HNP caucus confirmed
yesterday that question-
ing had been put which
ranged from . in-depth
quizzing on facets of the
councillors’ official robes
to embarrassing questions
a group areas applica-

Many of the questions

are clearly loaded.

Some relate to the use
of a sports field near the
city centre and point out
that non-Whites are using
the field — often in the
company of Whites.

The HNP is demanding
a clear explanation of
council policy on the
usage of municipal sports
fields, and particularly on

63

SOUTH AFRICA

p4

racially mixed usage.

The party also wants to
know why many. non-
Whites are benefiting
from a council decision to
levy reduced rates on
pensioners; why National
Party posters for the
Transvaal party congress
were erected ostensibly
without municipal per-
mission; why a certain
council official had be-
come politically involved
in an election; and it de-
manded an explanation of
how 4 piece of ground ina
White area came to be
sold toa Chinese man.

‘The motions put are
aimed at forcing the coun-
cil into a corner with an

declaration of
whether or not it is in
favour of power sharing
with other races at munci-
pa; government level.

This could be particu-
larly embarrassing as
most of Pretoria’s coun-
cillors are Federation of
Ratepayers nominees —
but are divided among
themselves with some be-
ing Nationalists and
others Conservative Party
members.



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

SWAPO AT LOW EBB--INTENSIFIED action by Security Forces against Swapo terror-
ists had brought about a sharp drop in terrorist incidents in the Operational
Area, Brigadier Jan Klopper, Chief of Staff (Force Deployment) for Namibia
said yesterday. He said in Windhoek that the more aggressive strategy adopted
by the Security Force in operations since June last year had contributed to
the successes. At present, more than 80 percent of all the clashes with ter-
rorists were taking place at the initiative of the Security Force. Greater
active involvement of the Air Force in operations over the past two years

had contributed significantly to the elimination of terrorists, he said.
[Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 Sep 82 p 2]

cso: 3400/23

49



However, generally speaking, our people remain loyal to ancestral spirits;
to realize that one only has to note the resistance of the people put up
when there is a question of having a village moved either for health reasons
or because it is caught in the area of a development project or even
because its inhabitants are allowed to assert their rights over another
piece of developed land.

One of the bitterest issues regarding developed land areas is the
difficulty workers of different ethnic origins who occupy them have in
living together.

Here more than in other areas the solution must be mainly in terms of
culture,

This is the place to say that modern development experts must not
sacrifice men to output. Now then, if we could draw up a balance sheet
comparing the efforts agreed to for the purpose of man's cultural
blossoming with the sacrifices aimed solely toward his output, we would
not be able to show that man is not being sacrificed to his output.

However, we know that production will stop when man realizes the sacrifice
being made of him, That is one of the bad sides of modern development
technologies that we will be subjected to if we do not buckle down to
finding the means to avoid them,

Putting these technologies into practice in a rural environment necessarily
requires preconditions including: consciousness raising meant to lead to
the people's support for the development of land areas without conflicting
with their beliefs; developing a taste for living together among farmers of
different ethnic origins; and, the restoration and stimulation of a sense
of community within our societies,

Cultural means must be strongly activated in this area, in similar fashion
to all other efforts which can make a contribution.

In spite of what those so-called modern technologies can contribute--if
anything--in the area of production, in some ways they increase rural
unemployment, of which there are already many original causes: the poor
land, the unfavorable rainfall, the destruction wrought by money, and
imported beliefs, among others.

All of that has a series of socio-economic and cultural consequences, the
most serious of which are criminality, food insufficiency, and the
deterioration in morals.

Untamed Urbanization

While unemployment in a rural environment is a terrible scourge in our
society, there is another no less serious one, That is the massive
urbanization which at one time was taken for a mark of civilization in the
so-called developed countries; nowadays, those countries find themselves
caught in it as in a vise.

98



EXHIBITION ON BIO-GAS STAGED IN ASMARA

ETHIOPIA

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 31 Aug 82 p 3

[Text]

cso:

ty for mounting the display to demo
nstrate the importance of exploring
alternate sources of energy. He point
ed out that the tools and gadgets dis-
played at the show would enable the
local community learn how - readily
available materiel could be utilized
for generating power. He said this
has particular relevance a this jun-
cture when the Red Star Multi-faceted

" Revolutionary Development Campa-

ign is in full gear.
Comrade Fikru pointed our that

4700/1962

23

bio-gas sources of energy are particu-
(arly useful in the rural areas and that
the application of the method would
help arrest deforestation. He urged
the Forestry and Wildlife Conserva-
tion and Development Authority 10
do every thing possible to produce
bio-gas instruments for mass distribu-
tion. * . a

” Speaking ‘earlier, Comrade Tekleab
Woldu, Regionel _ representative of
the Authority, said” the exhibition
‘was organized in Hme with efforts now
underway to use alternate sources of
energy as part of the broader progra-
mme of protecting the nation's forest
eserves and also in line with the
Red Star Campaign which attaches
importance to ithe conservation of
aatural resources. He said the expo
was organized in collaboration with
the Ministry of Mines and Energy
Resources and the National Energy
Commission.



WEEKLY WRAP-UP OF NON-ENGLISH PRESS

ETHIOPIA

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 5 Sep 82 p 3

(Article by Kifle Djote in column "Views, Comments, Opinions"]

[Text]

The Ethiopian press devoted its

columns, editorials, features and arti--

cles, during the course of this week,
to a depth coverage of revolutionary
achievements during the pest years
of struggle, im cofinection wih the
eighth anniversary of the Revolution
to be celebrated throughout the nati-
on shortly. .

Serto Ader, organ of the Central
‘Committee of COPWE, writing edi-
torisily under the headline, “For Full
Emancipation of Women”, underfines.

the Revolution and the tenacious

which they continue to exert
in ‘the political, social, economic and
eultural arenas of struggle. Writing

im connection with the 2nd anniver.

sary of the founding of the Revolu-
tionary Ethiopia Women’s Association,
which is being obeerved this week,
Serco Ader says that REWA, which
today has a 4.5 million strong mem-
bership, is a nation-wide organization
with over twenty-thonsand basic a»
sociations throughout the country.
The paper says that REWA has,

“during the past two years of its exis-
tance, a commendably Lived up to.

19

its responsibilities to broaden “the ©
horizon of women participation in all
aspects of national endeavour and to
effect a sound implementation of the |
revolutionary directives issued from
time to ‘time by the Revolutionary

“Government and COPWE in the in-

terest of the continued progress of the
Revolution. :

In sharp contrast to the state of
affairs in the days of the fallen regi-
mae, women in Revolutionary Exhiopia
are involved in all areas of the nation.
building’ process on an equal footing
wih their male counterparts, in acti-

sceurity and from domestic to inter-

“ national affairs, Serto Ader furiher

observes.
Unreserved Cooperation
While the task of improving the
lot of Ethiopian women on the basis

* of the various resolutions of COPWE

remains the foremos; duty of REWA,
the society in general is duty bound to
extend unreserved co-operation in all
endeavours to effecting full emanci-
pation of our mothers and sisters,
Serto Ader comments.



In order to partake of development, knowledge must be educational, And
that is where instruction via mass media comes in, which some African
countries have already started to try out.

The lesson to be drawn for our countries--some of which still register
90 percent illiteracy--from such experimentation needs no comment.

9631
cso: 4719/1312

102



What about human rights? One way to defend them is to use violence against
those who constantly disregard them. Someone has said that "violence is a
part of history." We have the right and the duty to counter the speculators’
violence against our people with revolutionary violence. The revolution has
no other alternative.

In a market economy (which our economy surely is), everything has its price.

Speculation must also have its price. Loss of all property, loss of all
lib erties, must be the price for speculation.

6362
CsO: 4742/402

31



SENEGAL

NEW GROUP TO PROMOTE COMMUNICATION AMONG ALL NATIONAL ELEMENTS
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 27 Aug 82 p 2

[Text] Since the return of the multiparty system to Senegal, Senegalese
political life has received new impetus that each Senegalese should be proud
of and that each democrat should support, simply because the multiparty system
in an African state is, in addition to its role as an example, something that
stimulates national life, providing evidence of stability and enrichment.

In Senegal's case it coincides with our people's great natural genius and
with a tradition extending back into the darkness of time.

If only for this latter reason, everyone should firmly and sincerely encourage
and sustain the democratic experiment initiated by President Abdou Diouf and
spare no effort to guarantee its endurance, its irreversibility. However,
this existence of several political organizations competing democratically
and loyally for the people's attention would be even more beneficial if it
were possible for the various groups to compare face-to-face their programs
for society and their technical proposals on economic, political, social and
cultural issues. In this way, they could make useful comparisons or develop
the bases for a common program. Participation by all of the forces of the
nation, all patriots and all individual organizations, would be invited,
without any exclusions and without anyone losing (unless voluntarily) either
his autonomy of thought, initiative and action or his ideological uniqueness
and doctrinal conviction.

Since it has thus far not been possible to achieve such a thing, we should
perhaps be concerned that the multiparty phenomenon and some of the tendencies
of its implacable secret dynamics might give rise to an irrational power
consciousness and in the end paralyze the political structure by fratricidal
struggles and quarrels among individuals or over ideas. Such quarrels, though
not necessarily negative, can sometimes degereraite and raise barriers between
groups, their supporters and various organizations, barriers that end up

in a total lack of communication, such as debates and through discussion of
points of view and programs for society, communication that is urgently needed
by our people to get to know themselves and to locate themselves in the
constantly expanding world of political parties created or to be created and
the objectives they have selected or will select.

55



SENDINGKERK SYNOD ELECTS FIRST COLORED MODERATOR

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Sep 82 p 3

{Article by Murray McNally]

[Text]

cso:

CAPE TOWN. — The
Rev Izak Mentor became
the first Coloured moder-
ator of the Ned Geref
Sendingkerk synod yester-
day amid bitter controver-

who had been tipped to
take the top post in the
synod was defeated by se-

Mr Mentor polled 242

4700/1977

73

because a number of del-
egates who could not write
had had their ballot forms
filled in for them.

A controversial debate
raged on the first day of
the synod over the voting
rights of about 100 White
ministers.

Liberal delegates chal-
lenged the voting rights of
the White ministers who
are members of the Ned
Geref Kerk but claim to
have entrenched rights to
vote although they are not
members of the Sending-
kerk.

After being congratu-
lated on becoming the
president of the SARC Dr
Boesak said South Africa
had become the centre of
worldwide attention.

“Interest has been fo-
cused on us and we can be
certain that every word
and every action will be-
come the subject of atten-
tion,” hesaid.

SOUTH AFRICA



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

NEWLY BUILT BRIDGE--AMBO (ENA)--A bridge over Chole River built at a cost of
10,000 Birr by the peasants producers’ co-operative association of Kelento
locality in Ambo district, Shoa region, became operational this week. The
bridge links nine kebeles embraced by the Kelento peasants producers’ co-oper—
ative association with the town of Guder, 132 kms west of Addis Ababa. The
co-operative which was formed four years ago with an initial fund of 13,314
Birr has now a capital of 36,021 Birr. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN
HERALD in English 4 Sep 82 p 3]

POWER GENERATOR IN BAKO--AMBO (ENA)--An electric power generator installed in
Bako town, Jibat-Metcha province, by the Ethiopian Electric Light and Power
Authority (EELPA) at a cost of 261,500 Birr was put into partial operation
recently. The fuel operated generator was installed in accordance with an
agreement concluded between residents of Bako, Ijuje and Gedo towns in Shoa
region. Inhabitants of three towns contributed about 80,000 Birr towards the
installation of the generator and have contributed immensely in terms of phys-
ical labour, according to Comrade Lemma Dewo, Administrator of Bako district.

A total of 220 houses in Bako town are presently being supplied with electric-
ity as a result of the newly installed generator and with the planting of poles
and extension of lines already completed, inhabitants of Jujeand Gedo will
benefit from services of the new generator soon. Meanwhile, the piped water
supply system currently under construction in Bako town at a cost of 165,000
Birr will become operational in the near future, the district administrator
disclosed. The district administrator said that 90,000 Birr of the total fund
required for the launching of the water supply system was secured from the min-
istry of urban development and housing in loan while the remaining part is cov-
ered by the town's municipality. The Mekane Iyesus church cooperated by pro-
viding technical assistance, it was noted. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN

HERALD in English 5 Sep 82 p 5]

cso: 4700/1962

25



They themselves are never the authors of the crimes, and even when they
admit to a deed they will always tell you that they picked something up
(not stole it) ... of course, The main police station files are filled
with recidivists, "Disco" types, dance-hall partner "boys," fearless
"mugs" and other "hoods" look coldly at you and tell you that they will
go back to a normal life when they get out.

No address other than the Municipal Building, the self-service restaurant,
or the Oubri Movie Theater, and with no associations other than groups of
vagrants or other than So-and-So Alias Such-and-Such--they have no better
occupation other than robbery, Parts of 600,000- and 800,000-franc hauls
in the hands of minors of 12 to 15 have been recovered. In one of those
cases the 16 to 18 year-olds had seized almost all of the total amount,
That is because the law of the jungle between big and small and the
membership rules among the different groups prevail--a kind of genuinely
ruthless piracy.

When they are not released after preventive detention they are handed over
to the public prosecutor's department, But the law is very lenient with
respect to minors, The court will often refer to lack of judgment. And
yet, "They are a real nuisance; it's tragic," the police inspector told
us. "After some 40 of them were picked up when there was a round-up, there
were no more robberies in the city until they were released," he added.
How can one not release them? They are minors, no facilities exist to
accomodate them, and there is the problem of supporting them, Their
parents often don't want them any more: "Do what you like with him--kill
him--I don't want to see him again,"

The circle will continue its course; the little "car watcher" will
continue to play on his two reversible sides, shifting--depending on his
sense of lawfulness--from good to bad without hesitation, That is his
fight for survival.

Prison

The ones who are handed over to the public prosecutor's department will
be transferred to the prison while awaiting their sentence, Although in
that place they are in different cells from those of the older men, they
find themselves in the yard among adults who are not the best example for
them. The young residents, accustomed to good fare on the outside, cannot
get enough to eat in prison, Famished, and armed with new vices, they
become more aggressive toward society when they get out of prison.

What there should be for them, says Mrs Florence Palm, social worker on
duty at the law courts, is a sorting center, an intermediate stage
beforehand, not prison but a reformatory for children, In the absence of
that reformatory, the administrator of the prison might make sure to limit
contacts between his young and adult occupants. He supervises the eating
of the few meals offered on holidays (Christmas, Easter, ...) by the
Ministry of Social Affairs especially for the children,

91



Political Bodies

Political bodes constitute the party's directing bodies in the army. They
play a major role in implementing the party's policy and dec% ions.

Due to the specific nature of the armed forces' tasks and the specific nature
of party structures in the army, abide from directing and orienting the
party organizations, the political bodies exercise administrative and mili-
tary functions. This explains why the officers who motivate these structures
are appointed and not elected.

The political bodies in the National People's Army at present are:

-ch ée General Political Directorate of the Army;

--The political zone directorates; the-political zone divisions;

--The Political sections in the corps;

—The political apparatus in the small units.

a): The role of the political bodies:

~-To control execution of party dndigovernment decisions as well as the
implementation of orders and directives from higher levels;

—To generalize the experience of military and political training and the
party's political work in the army;

--To prepare subject outlines for political courses for each category of
personnel; officers, noncommissioned officers, and privates;

--To examine, select and assign political workers;

—To study and generalize military discipline, morale, the political and
ideological awareness of soldiers and their professional qualifications.

The heads of political bodies assume personal responsibility for the party's
organization and political work. They are the direct and immediate assistants
to the unit commanders and direct leaders of the personnel.

b) Principal tasks of political bodies:

--To take care that the units are in a permanent state of readiness;

--To direct party and youth organizations;

--TIo participate in the choice, selection and assignment of officers;

--To organize and control the ideological education of the troops;



MULTIRACIAL CHURCH USE DENIED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Sep 82 p 4

{Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

cso:

4700/1977

RUMOURS in the Pre-
Universiteitsoord

74

At the same the ex-
ecutive of the church are
standing firm on their “‘no
comment” attitude.

Central figure in devel-
might well be the
Rev Dr Willem Nicol —
son a former Administrat-

in favour of the applica-
tion.
Dr Nicol refused yester-
day to comment on the is-

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

RUSPLATS HIT BY LARGE-SCALE THEFT
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Sep 82 p 25

[Article by Patrick McLoughlin]

[Text] RUSTENBURG Plati- ment was needed because lion) — and tax normali-
num Holdings has re- of the extent of the crime. sation was only R4,5-mjl-
vealed in its results for the Managing director Ken lion (R7-million) — taxed
August 31 year that R13- Maxwell said the ma- earnings were slashed 65,-
million worth of semi-re- terials were worth in the 9 percent to R40,9-mil-
fined materials containing order of R13-million be- lion (R120-million).
platinum group metals fore tax. Diréttors have cut divi-
and gold was stolen from He said nothing on this dends to 35¢ — despite
the Wadeville refinery scale had ever happened some speculation from a
during the year. before. top London broker ear-

The directors says in a “We have stock takes lier that dividends could
note to the figures that twice a year — in March be maintained.
earnings a share were and September — and a
lower by the order of Sc trend we saw earlier was
than they would other- revealed by them.” EPS was 66 percent
wise have been since it He said he could not lower at 32,6c (95,8c). Al-
had been established that comment further on the though the final payout
a “significant quantity” of matter. was pruned to 22,5c
the materials had been Elsewhere, group earn- (32,5c) the dividend cover
stolen. ings took a pounding in has come right ggwn to
They added that the the second half because of 0,9 times (2,1 times).
matter was under “‘active a big drop in business and
investigation” by the the slump in platinum ‘The effect of the slide
South African Police as Prices. in earnings in the second
well as by the company’s Pretax profit dropped half can be seen by the
insurance and legal advis- 71 percent to R67,6-mil- fact that Rustenburg
ers. lion compared to R233,2- earned R28,1-million
Last night an executive million in the previous after tax in the first six
told The Citizen that it corresponding period. Al- months of the year. In the
had been revealed in the though tasyand lease bill second half the group
figures because the board was significantly down at therefore only earned
thought that some com: R22,2-million (R106-mil- R12,8-million.
cso: 3400/24

80



CHAD

BRIEFS

ADB EMERGENCY AID--The African Development Bank [ADB] has just granted Chad
emergency aid involving a $17 million loan, or 5.5 billion CFA francs. This
loan will make it possible to finance the complete restoration of the Ndjamena
airport and the assembling of electric installations in Ndjamena, Sarh, Moundou
and Abeche. An ADB director, Pierre Moussa, arrived last week to announce this
to the Chadian Government. The president of the Council of State, Hissein Habre,
received him on Saturday. Pierre Moussa, who took stock of the situation with
various Council of State commissioners, emphasized that the ADB takes a great
interest in Chad, where enormous potential lies hidden. Unfortunately, its
development has been jeopardized by the succession of events that have occurred
in the country. The ADB expects to revive previous projects; among others, a
few big projects: the lake polders, the OMVSD [expansion unknown], sanitation
improvement in the city of Ndjamena, the INSE [National Institute for Education
Sciences], the highway infrastructure, and so on.... But, during the 3 years of
instability which Chad has gone through, these projects, cofinanced by the ADB
and the World Bank, have experienced increases in costs that will have to be
taken into account. [Excerpt] [Ndjamena INFO TCHAD in French 26 Jul 82 p 1]
9064

OPENING OF CENTRAL BANK--The Bank of the Central African States [BEAC] will re-
open its doors Monday, 9 August. Personnel of this establishment have been
summoned by the national office onthe date mentioned for the resumption of serv-
ices. The Central Bank's teller windows were closed following the incidents of
last 7 June. Several commissions were dispatched to Brazzaville, where an ex-
traordinary board meeting was held on the issue on 26 July, Returning from this
meeting where all the Central African member countries had been present to give
their consent for the reopening, the Finance Commissioner Mahamat Nour Abderamane
said that a satisfactory solution had emerged there. Moreover, the commissioner
emphasized the spirit of total understanding in which this board meeting took
place. The two obstacles raised by the BEAC directors--guaranteeing the security
of property and personnel and outstanding payments that Chad owes this financial
institution--were smoothed out as a result of the efforts exerted by the presi-
dent of the Council of State on his Central African peers, The opening of the
BEAC will certainly have an impact on our country's economic activity. It consti-
tutes the essential support for the activity of the banking sector, which estab-
lishes the conditions for any economic recovery and activity. In fact, the
existence of an adequate national treasury depends on this mother bank of Central
Africa. [Text] [Ndjamena INFO TCHAD in French 6 Aug 82 p 1] 9064

CSO: 4719/1286



MOST SAID TO BACK MULTI-RACIAL SPORTS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Sep 82 p 15

{Article by Marilyn Cohen]

[Text]

’ THE vast majority: of

South Africans are in
favour of multiracial
sport from national
to school level.

This was clear from an
investigation into sport
conducted by the Human
Sciences Research Coun-
cil. The council’s report
regarding multi-racial
sport was released at the
weekend.

The people surveyed
said they believed ending
discrimination in- sport
would lead to improved
human relationships, and

. possibly the end of sports
‘boycotts and isolation.

The majority, 70,8 per-

t, said they were
against organisations
which advocated sports
boycotts against South
Africa.

‘Where people were
found to be opposed to
multiracial sport, was in a
minority of sports situa-
tions where there was in-
timate inter-personal con-
tact and social
interaction.

The respondents’ racial
and language group was
an important indicator of
their attitute towards
multiracial sport. Whites
were found to be more
conservative than non-
Whites while Afrikaans-
speakers were more con-

78

servative than English-
speakers.

However, the majority
of Whites, both English
and Afrikaans, were in
favour of multiracial sport

, especially at provincial

and national levels.
But fewer favoured
open sport at club and

" school levels with the

least support for multira-

cial swimming at schools.

In some sport. situa-
tions, it was found that
while there was strong
support for open sport at
antional levels, there was
less than 50 percent sup-

| portforit at club level.

English-speakers were
found to be more con-
stant in their support for
multiracial sport at all le-
vels than were Afrikaans

speakers.
What especially _af-
fected Afrikaans speakers

more than English speak-
ers in their stand on mul-
tiracial sport was the level
of social intimacy fround
in the different types of
sports.

‘The report found “par-
ticularly noteworthy” the
strong opposition from
White Afrikaans speakers
to multiracial school
sport.

Afrikaans teachers and
school principals attitudes

SOUTH AFRICA



cso:

3400/24

Zipolis was formed
about eight weeks on the
direct orders of the fanati-
cally anti-White Minister,
of Home Affairs, Dr Her-
bert Ushewokunze, to
“deal with Whites who
have not yet fully accept-
ed Black rule.”

Theoretically, Zipolis’
in the Matabeleland area
is answerable to the chief
of police of Matabeleland,
Province. In this case,'
that officer knew nothing
of the arrests until inquir-
ies had revealed that the
Cauvins were being held
at Stops Camp.

It appears that the only
reason Mr and Mrs Cau-
vin, who are divorced,
were arrested was be-
cause of their relationship
with Allen.

‘They were freed from
what is now admitted to
be illegal detention on the
morning of August 30. A
friend of Mrs Cauvin who
saw her immediately after
release declared herself to

ied at the pitiful
‘she was in.”
. Both hands and both

: feet were heavily bandag-

6d .t0 cover extensive

104

cigarette burns appar-
ently inflicted while she
was under interrogation.
In addition, her face and
much of her upper body
was badly bruised, with
eyes and mouth badly
swollen.

She was described as
“most distraught”. She
said: “I will never, never
forget what they have
done tome.”

Mrs Cauvin is now be-
lieved to be in Britain.
The whereabouts of her

former husband are un-
known.

According to Press re-
ports, Zimpolis is made
up of about 300 hand-
picked members of the

* Zimbabwe - Republic

Police, under the com-

. mand of a Sergeant Ma-

Zimbabwe’s White com-
munity. The number of
Whites currently being
held by Zipolis cannot be
established.



Who Are They, What Do They Do?

"Watch your car, mister?" is the refrain repeated a hundred times a day by
Hamidou, age 14, and his older brother who "slave away" in the vicinity of
Ouagadougou City Hall, According to the younger one, they earn about
2,000 francs a day which they divide between them, He was in school up to
CE 1 [elementary school certificate 1]. Their parents live in Paglayiri,
too far from the downtown area for the children to be able to go home
every night. So they have chosen to sleep at City Hall with the watchman
under the veranda. Resplendent with filth, they admit practically never
washing themselves, Their parents don't protest? "No," Hamidou said,
"which is surprising since in addition it's a matter of two elder
children." He asserted that he hands over to his father all the money
earned less the 100-150 francs spent for food.

Customers give what they want to or what they can; there is no set rate.
For each guarding job payment ranges from 5 to 10 francs, sometimes more,
Once in a while Hamidou and his brother have been presented with 300 or
even 500 francs. Of course in those cases it is a question of charity or
generosity rather than pay for the work accomplished. The little boy said
that even when customers don't have change the boys wouldn't commit some
act of retaliation,

However, everyone in Ouagadougou knows that to frequently refuse to have
one's vehicle or car watched arouses a quiet frenzy of destruction in the
hearts of those human parking meters which is expressed either in tires
punctured when a vehicle is parked or in tires punctured when it starts up
(the pointed tip of a spike set beforehand pointing the appropriate way)
or in parts taken off, in objects stolen or in a dirtied car.

In regard to vehicles being watched over it is true that there are also
parking lots set up in public places (the hospital, the PIT [Postal,
Telephone and Telegraph service agency], the airport, the movie theater,
the town hall) where for 25 or 50 francs you are issued a ticket, a
promise of supposedly certain vigilance. In fact, what with the
existence of our friends mentioned above there is sometimes too much to
do when a single "car watcher" promises 100 customers to watch over their
vehicles simultaneously.

Straddling these two systems you also have those strong-arming youngsters
who offer to look after your means of transportation without making their
ultimate intentions known. They line up your two-wheeled vehicles with
real geometric artistry, they give you eloquent reassurance, and when you
return to get your property back holding out 10 francs they casually inform
you that is not the right amount because their fees--surprise!—-are set at
25 francs like Volta Parking Lot, It is pointless to argue; it's a
judgment considered fair by its authors,

This could be a long list if one were to mention the fringe cases of the

peaceable cripples, the few little girls, and other halfwits who, it must
be said, cannot hold their own against thieves.

89



—To maintain among individuals of sometimes different political and
ideological sensibility relationships of work, mutual understanding,
tolerance, relativity in making judgments and, why not, mutual esteem,
genuine African fraternity and solidarity in action, with no other pur-
pose than to work for the common good.

This group, which is called the Group for Contacts and Discussion on a New
Senegal (GRESEN--Groupe de Recontres et d’Echanges pour un Senegal Nouveau),
will include, without sectarianism or exclusivity, people from universities,
intellectuals and cultural figures, people of both sexes and all religious
beliefs, a variety of people of all opinions, artists, writers, managers,
private and public service representatives, members or leaders of social
groups, peasants, workers, craftsmen, fishermen, religious ministers, men,
women and representatives young and old from across the Senegalese spectrum.
The only qualification is that they all have the same will to wrk ina
completely selfless way to create a policy that will receive virtually
unanimous public support because it encompasses the goals of all Senegalese
without exception, that is: continued progress for the masses, correction of
social ills, strengthening of the state's capabilities and means, increased
production and labor productivity and access for all to healthy and adequate
food, education, health, decent housing, culture and leisure for optimum
development of the full human and intellectual potential of our country

to accelerate its upward progress toward well-being in democracy.

{Editor's Note: Dakar LE SOLEIL in French of 28-29 August 1982, page 1,
publishes a correction to the foregoing noting the omission: of the

names of the organizers and the signers of the document: chairman, Amadou
Booker Washington Sadjii, and Ousmane Blondin Diop, Malick Camara and Papa
Ibra Tall.]

9920
cso: 4719/1379

57



[Question] Any new policy obviously assumes new resources. What resources
does your office have at its disposal and which would you like to obtain to
make the fight against desertification succeed?

[Answer] The resources that the office of Water and Forests has at its dis-
posal do not allow it to confront this gigantic task. The resources in person-
nel, equipment and finances are clearly insignificant vis-a-vis the size of
the problem.

As a guide, in 1982 the office had at its disposal:
--393 agents, staff and assistants as personnel resources.
--85 vehicles in all shapes and conditions as equipment resources.

The financial resources would be difficult to quantify, but we agree that they
are very insufficient. There is the fact that all these resources have been
increased by the projects that are being carried out in the area of the struggle
to combat the desert's advance.

To succeed with the new strategy in the struggle against the desert's advance,
it is not new resources that we need (because that would assume the ineffec-
tiveness of those that we already have at our disposal), but their increase at
all levels. The best way to help would be to have the people's total partici-
pation in this so difficult but noble project.

[Question] Many people think that the fight against desertification would be
more effective in conjunction with the subregional organizations, To this end,
efforts have been channeled into agencies like the CILSS [Inter-State Committee
To Fight the Drought in the Sahel], the Liptako-Gourma, and the Club of the
Friends of the Sahel.... Yet it seems that the slogan, "Fight against
desertification" has not obtained the anticipated effort. What is the exact
status of this?

[Answer] For economic and social development, we can expect effectiveness from
regional and subregional organizations; with regard to the fight against deserti-
fication, to a certain degree that is not the case.

The problem of the fight against the desert's encroachment is very different.
Several parameters enter into the question: motivation, the general mobilization
of the people, material and financial resources, controlling the phenomenon at
the source, and so on.... All these parameters vary considerably from one coun-
try to another, even for those of the CILLS.

To struggle effectively against desertification assumes the mastery of all these
parameters. This, or so I believe, is somewhat impossible at the subregional
organization level. The latter can, if worse comes to worse, solve the problem
of financial, material resources, and of the development of the phenomenon, but
that is not enough. One can have all the material and financial resources of
the world at one's disposal; if the motivation and mobilization are missing,

53



in the area started echoing the false propaganda of Siad Barre. In addition,
they continuously supply unlimited military arms, Today when Siad Barre is
concentrating on oppressing the Somali people and focusing his expansionist
policy against Ethiopia, and when such action threatens the peace of the
region and ultimately the world, the situation should not be taken lightly.

Since the Siad Barre regime has exposed the people to all kinds of hardship
and is now preparing for another war, the people have disowned that regime.
However, America's government is making an all-out effort to keep in power
the fascist government of Siad Barre--a regime that can never learn from its
mistakes and is hated by the people--America is repeating a crime in
Somalia, like the one she is doing today in El Salvador and other Latin
American countries by providing unlimited support to dictators so that they
can suppress the democratic struggle of the people. Such American behavior
should be condemned by African and all other peace loving world communities.

As it has been stated many times, Ethiopia respects others' territorial
integrity and freedom and she wants others to respect her's. To those who
challenge her position, she will be forced to defend herself. Siad Barre's
regime is in violation of international rules and especially the resolution
of the Head of States Member Countries of OAU at a meeting in Cairo in 1956
that declared all the countries to be confined in a territory which they had
when they obtained their independence. On the contrary, Siad Barre follows
a policy of expansionism and it is his expansionist policy that is the main
cause of the threat of peace in the Horn of Africa. When the situation is
well known and Siad Barre will no longer be acceptable to his own people,

to give him such imperialistic support is a crime. Such help to Said Barre
becomes a crime because it obstructs the struggle of the broad masses of the
Somali people and will add a threat to international peace. Therefore, the
American government's unlimited supply of arms to a dictator who is a danger
to the international peace makes the country an accessory to the expansionist
policy of Siad Barre and must be stopped. The world community must under-
stand that whatever consequence follows from the situation they have created,
the Somali ruling class and the American imperialists who have stood by them
must be responsible.

9948
cso: 4503/46

15



@ From 1922 to 1929 it
was administered from
Bechuanaland;

@ And from 1922 to 1939
it was administered from
Windhoek, and from then
onwards from Pretoria.

“Whoever compares
Caprivi with the rest of
Namibia is in fact a
political hypocrite,
demagogue, an oppor-
tunist, and lacks great
knowledge about Caprivi
and = Namibia”, = Mr
Likando adds.

Mr Likando went on to
point out to The Advertiser
that the merger agreement
between Swapo and Canu
clearly named the people of
Caprivi and the people of
Namibia separately.

UN Resolution 435
provided for a peaceful
transition to independence
for Namibia, however, “it
can take a legal decision
but cannot force us into a
meaningless unity which
has already failed for the
past 16 years”, Mr
Likando says.

Even within the libera-
tion movement, progres-
sive parties such as Swapo
and Swanu made no provi-
sion for Caprivi as a
geographical region in
Namibia, the Canu official
stated.

“Those who want to see
perpetual peace in the
south-west subcontinent of
Africa must support both
the independent states of
Itenge and Namibia.”

According to Mr
Likando “almost _ six
African states” as well as
countries in Europe sup-
port the idea of an indepen-
dent Itenge.

44



‘which would necessitate
modification of RUL’s
grinding circuit.

The statement provides
details of previous negotia-
tions between SWA
Manganese and RUL on
the possibility of a long
term supply of locally
mined manganese for the
extraction of dioxide.

After an approach by
SWA Manganese in 1979,
a senior technical manager
from RUL visited Ot-
josondu and took samples
for investigation.

“Jt was found that the
mineral present was not
pyrolusite which is normal-
ly used to furnish
manganese dioxide for ox-
idation of uranium,” the
statement says.

It continues: “Chemical
tests showed that there
were variable quantities of
manganese dioxide in the
samples but that while
some samples were usable
they oxidised the uranium
very slowly compared with
the ore from SA.”

SWA Manganese also
gave Réssing a quotation
for the supply of
manganese but “the price
quoted was exactly the
same as that being paid by
Réssing for the more
satisfactory SA material.”

Because the tests were
“not entirely negative”,
Rossing then arranged for
a geologist to spend a few
fweeks at Otjosondu to do
more comprehensive and
scientific sampling.

NOT SAFE

Although one type of
material was identified as a
possible source of an ox-
idising agent for the
uranium mine, there were
aspects of its metallurgy
which were not understood

cso: 3400/23

and “we did not feel it was
safe to use.”

At about that time
RUL’s supplier had
depleted its deposit in SA
and the company entered
into a agreement with a
new supplier able to supply
material of equal quality,
the statement says.

Earlier this year Réssing
decided once more to try
out Otjosondu manganese

dioxide and purchaséd 100
tons from SWA
Manganese.

The material was put
through the uranium plant
without satisfaction.

“Réssing would require
up to 50 percent more of
the Otjosondu manganese
to do the same job, and
because it is harder than
our usual supply our
grinding circuit would have
to be modified,” says Réss-
ing.

The statement goes on to
state that its requirements
for dioxide are “relatively
modest” and would not
justify the operation of the
Otjosondu mine except as
a secondary product, the
main product _ being
manganese metal.

Rossing does not require
manganese metal which
appears to exist “in abun-
dant quantities at Ot-
josondu,” it adds.

This information is ex-
pected to cause some
prospective buyers pos-
sibly to think again before
making a bid at the auc-
tion.

CONFIDENT

Mr Booysen was confi-
dent that SWA Manganese
had a good product to of-
fer Réssing.

According to him Réss-
ing required manganese
ore with at least about 35
percent manganese dioxide

48

content. Of the five trucks
delivering the 100 tons to
the uranium mine earlier
this year, the ore carried by
four was found to contain
43 percent and by the fifth
truck, 54,5 percent
manganese dioxide.

“Everyone’s eyes
opened, including mine, at
the high grade of ore that
was delivered,” Mr
Booysen said.

Mr _Booysen _also
claimed that a leading
manganese mining com-
pany in SA had “misled”
him on the analysis of ore
samples from SWA
Manganese in its
laboratories in’ 1980. The
dioxide content was
reported as 34,7 percent at
the time, he added.

It is reported that Réss-

-ing’s supply of manganese

comes from Hotazel in the
Cape where it is mined by
an operative of the JSE
listed Assmanco.

The material is reported-
ly also shipped to Walvis
Bay from the Cape.

Two of Mr Booysen’s
properties have so far been

, sold by Order of the Court

— a house in Windhoek
and a farm near the
capital.

Other claimants against
SWA Manganese include
Nedbank, Agra, And
Lafrenz Engineering.

The total of all claims
against the Company
amounts to some R185 0-
00

Enok, who filed for
R108000 against. Mr
Booysen, has a_ notarial
bond on the machinery at
Otjosondu, and will receive
the proceeds from their
sale at the auction.

Estimates of the value of
the mining grant vary from
R500 000 to R1,5 million.



MINE LEADER SEES URGENT MANPOWER NEEDS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Sep 82 p 15

{Article by Dave Spiro]

[Text]

cso:

HUMAN skills are likely
to become scarcer and
costlier in future and the
taining industry will need
to spend _ increasing
amounts on recruitment
and training. .

Speaking at a symposi-
um held under the aus-
pices of the West Wits Re-
gional Planning
Committee at the Carle-
tonville Civic Centre yes-
terday, Mr Mike Tagg of
Goldfields said most
mines in the West Wits
area — Carletonville,
Fochville and Westonaria
— were scheduled to stop
operations within the next
10-50 years.

For the mining industry
to switch from mining
only to more diversified
industries, the mines
would have to weather a
transitional period. To
{help them through this
* period, improved technol-
‘ogy and productivity
‘would . have to be
,achieved.

Mr Tagg said: ‘‘Tech-
nology implies mechanisa-
tion which is greatly de-
pendent on the availability
of skills. Major productiv-
ity improvements must
come about through the
rational use of all our
available human and capi-
tal resources. This has

3400/24

political and social conno-
tations and a period of
hard negotiation on these

« Mr Tagg said the num-

ber of jobs offered by
‘West Wits mines would be
reduced from 137 000 to
85 000 as the turn of the
century, approached. Im-
provements in technology
and employee skills to
would mean the tonnage
mined per employee per
month would need to in-
crease from 24 per month
to 32,1 — an annual pro-
ductivity improvement of
1,6 percent.

Discussing the ratio of
jobs held by Blacks and
Whites on the mines, Mr
Tagg said “many jobs on
the mines will continue to
be occupied by migrant
workers, but they will be
trained to a higher level of
skill than at present.

“<With the total popula-
tion of South Africa, in-
cluding the independent

* homelands projected ‘at

between 40 and 50 million

- at the end of this century,

there will be strong press-
ure for the mines to con-
tinue to offer employment
torural residents.

“The political regime
will nevertheless have to

77

SOUTH AFRICA

take account of the finite
life of the industry and it
would be gross planning
mismanagement to settle
these workers
‘permanently, in the

‘Mr Tagg also said the
mines would increasingly
offer skilled jobs to per-
‘sons of all races.

“With this in view, suit-
able townships for the ac-
commodation of Coloured
and Indian families are in

’ the course of development
“between Westonaria and

‘Carletonville and are due
to be occupied in two or
three years time.

“In order for the indus-
try to develop and sur-
vive, it will be necessary
for capital expenditure to
continue at a heavy rate.
Contrary to general be-
lief, gold mining is not a
labour intensive industry,
but it is certainly labour-
dependent.”

Mr Tagg concluded by
saying, ‘‘it was clear the
production of gold and
certain by-products, such
as uranium, would con-
tinue to dominate life in
the region well into the
next

century.
“Tf the industry is left

- to develop in its own way,

its future will be as-
sured.”



Similarly, if our imports could come only from France, this situation would
also be inevitable to the extent that following the devaluation, France, as
a member of the EEC, would find itself obliged to readjust the prices of
certain products on the EEC list.

In any case, this situation can only have negative effects on the purchasing
power of the Congolese. An example will suffice to justify our assertion:

in France, income (the minimum wage or SMIG [Minimum Interprofessional
Guaranteed Salary]) ‘fluctuates around 3,000 French francs or 150,000 CFA
francs. In the Congo, the guaranteed minimum wage is 23,500 CFA francs, or
470 French francs. A large-size tube of Colgate fluoride toothpaste sells for
less than 5 French francs, or 250 CFA francs, tax included, on the French
market. In the Congo, where income is 6.39 times less than in France, the
same Colgate fluoride toothpaste, tax included, is 3.3 times more expensive
than in France, or 825 CFA francs at Presto (625 CFA francs at Horizon

2000, and so on). Similarly, a 900-g carton of Gloria skimmed milk sells
for less than 14 French francs or 700 CFA francs, tax included, on the French
market. In the Congo, the same carton of milk is 2.16 times as expensive, or
1,510 CFA francs at Presto. The same is true of other imported products.

It is therefore important to note that the Congo's imports continue to show
a steady and considerable growth in volume (up 97 percent from 1979 to 1980).

Although our trade balance is favorable (shows a surplus), this is basically
due to petroleum revenue which is increasing every year. In this regard, it
must be stressed that in this context, tha.trade balance should not be taken
as an economic indicator which can actually reveal the true economic situa-
tion of a country or of foreign trade at the very least. Before concluding
our remarks, the question which comes to mind is the following: What is to
be done about this situation?

This question refers to the problem of our country's development. This is a
complex question to which it is the goal of the 5-Year Plan to contribute
viable solutions. In any case, it must be noted that in any response to this
question, two major aspects must be considered:

First of all, the short- and long-term reduction of large-scale imports of
standard consumer goods (especially food products) must be considered. This
necessarily implies an increase in national production capable of destroying
dependence on foreigners in this regard (imports should be a limited means of
diversifying the range of products sold, and not an absolute necessity).

Secondly, we must consider deployment and orientation of our efforts toward
the acquisition of advanced technology with an eye to controlling our future.

It is true that these two hypotheses are included in the 5-Year Plan. This is
why we must all struggle against all adversity to achieve it.

9693 10
cso: 4719/1278



{2]--The second big campaign is reforesting, called artificial regeneration.
The latter, bigger and more difficult, requires many more material, human and
financial resources. It is currently being achieved thanks to the planned loans
and subsidies, to the FNI [National Investment Fund] and other funds of commun-
ity organizations.

[3]--A third campaign that normally should come ahead of the first two for a
better assimilation, is being carried out as a complement. This is "Mesological
Education," a campaign to sensitize the Nigerien people undertaken by the Office
of Waters and Forests with the help of the media. The goal is to make the peo-
ple realize the serious threat that is weighing on our environment.

[Question] The year 1982 should be decisive in the struggle against the
desert's encroachment. So more stringent and consistent measures should be
taken. What would be themajor points of this new strategy to combat desertifi-
cation?

[Answer] For us, every year we have gone through has been decisive with regard
to the fight against desertification. Should this year, 1982, have been more
decisive than any other, perhaps?

It is still as I pointed out in the answer to your second question: The goal
sought by the Ministry of Hydrology and Environment through the Office of

Waters and Forests is and will remain, even for years to come, the general mobil-
ization of the Nigerien people in the interest of our environment.

In the field, we will assist specifically by establishing mininurseries in
villages and schools which will provide plants for the people themselves to plant
as windbreakers in the fields and gardens, for row and shade plantings in and

in front of concessions, at public and private buildings; in the schools, and

SO ON....

On the other hand, we will increase the supervision of the exploitation of the
remaining mountain massifs to prevent their runaway deterioration,

The main targets of this new policy, this new strategy, are:
--Farmers and herdsmen, woodcutters

--Schoolchildren

--The samariya

--Townspeople

--Public and parapublic offices

--Private offices

In other words, all the people of Niger.

52



SOUTH AFRICA

PW Botha's Years in Office Reviewed

(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 30 Sep 82) ......eseeeeeeeeees

HNP Plan To Stir Up PTA City Council Reported

(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 24 Sep 82) .....seeeeeeeee

Revision of Sasol Priorities Reported

(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 24 Sep 82) .......ceeeeeeeeee

Witness Says She was Asked To Recruit for ANC
(Sello Rabothata; SOWETAN, 22 Sep 82) .......seeeeeee

'CITIZEN' Claims Circulation Increases, Competitor's Drops

(THE CITIZEN, 23 Sep 82) ccssseesecceceescceees eee eeeeeee

Excesses of Liberal Press Hit
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 24 Sep 82) ...s.eeereeecceee

Dead Terrorists Implicated in Number of Actions

(Rika van Graan; THE CITIZEN, 30 Sep 82) .....eeeeeeeeeee

Details in Anti-Terrorist Training Given
(Aida Parker; THE CITIZEN, 27 Sep 82) .

Zero Growth, Drop in Inflation Predicted
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 23 Sep 82) ....

Sendingkerk Synod Elects First Colored Moderator
(Murray McNally; THE CITIZEN, 24 Sep 82) ..

Multiracial Church Use Denied

(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 24 Sep 82) .......seeeeeeee

NGK Commitment To Apartheid Condemned

(THE CITIZEN, 24 Sep 82) ........0.. dee c ee eeeeeeeeeeeeees

Taxation System Labelled 'Fossilized, Counter-Productive'

(THE CITIZEN, 22 Sep 82) ....... cece cence ee eeeeeenerenes

Mine Leader Sees Urgent Manpower Needs

(Dave Spiro; THE CITIZEN, 30 Sep 82) ......... eee e eee ees

Most Said To Back Multi-Racial Sports

(Marilyn Cohen; THE CITIZEN, 27 Sep 82) ...ceseessesseceee

Rusplats Hit by Large-Scale Theft

(Patrick McLoughlin; THE CITIZEN, 30 Sep 82) ....eeeeeeeee

61

63

64

65

68

69

70

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

80



DEAD TERRORISTS IMPLICATED IN NUMBER OF ACTIONS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Sep 82 pp 1, 2

{Article by Rika van Graan]

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] THE two terrorists killed in the grenade explosion in Boks-
burg on Monday night had been involved in several terrorist
actions since last year, the Minister of Law and Order, Mr
Louis le Grange, said yesterday.

cso:

~ The deaths of the
“two men have cleared
up the mystery of four
incidents involving ter-
rorists in South Africa
since April last year.

A statement issued by
police headquarters in
Pretoria said one of the
men had been involved

@ The attack on the
Durban South electricity
supply substation near the
Black township of La-
montville on April 21
1981 when two transform-
ers were damaged by
Russian limpet mines. No
one was injured in the ex-

* plosion.

@ The attack on the
Springs Flour Company
in June 1981. At the time
police declined to com-
ment on the cause of the
explosion.

© The attack on Voor-
trekkerhoogte on August
12 1981 when rockets

3400/24

were fired from the Pre-
toria Indian township of
Laudium. The servants’
quarters of a senior de-
fence force officer were
damaged. In another inci-
dent at the same time an
Indian youth, Zahid Patel
(17), was wounded when
two men in a bakkie
opened fire on him. A
rocket launcher was dis-
covered soon afterwards
near where Mr Patel was
shot.

© An attempt to blow
up the railway line be-
tween South Africa and
South West Africa at
Upington last Friday
morning. A railway em-
ployee saw explosives at-
tached to the railwayline
on the long bridge near
the town. It is believed
that the two terrorists
killed and another were
responsible for the sab-
otage attempt.

‘About six weeks ago a
terrorist was shot dead
when railway policemen

69

found two men in a shed
at Krugersdorp’s West
Rand railway station. The
second man escaped.

Police have established
that the two terrorists en-
tered South Africa from
Mozambique, _. through
Swaziland and that one of
them received training as
an ANC member in An-
gola and lived in Mozam-
bique.

The car in which the
terrorists died belonged
to Miss M E de Bruin, of
Westdene, Johannesburg,
and was reported stolen
on September 14.

Mr le Grange and the
Acting Commissioner of
Police, Lieutenant-Gen-
eral Johan Coetzee,
praised the conduct of
Warrant Officer Solly
Bredenham, who tackled
the terrorists when he saw
them in Boksburg. They
said that his conduct was
a clear indication of the
readiness of the police to
fight this type of crime.



ETHIOPIA

NAMES OF 13 SCHOOLS IN ERITREA CHANGED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 Sep 82 p 3

[Text] ASMARA (ENA)--The Eritrea regional schools' office disclosed Thursday
that the names of 13 elementary, junior and senior secondary schools have been
changed.

Accordingly, the St. Hanna Junior Secondary School has been changed to Northern
Star Secondary School, the Comboni Secondary School for boys to Barka Secondary
School, the Wongelawit Secondary School to Yisshak Tewelde-Medhin Secondary
School, the Bottego School to Zerai Deress Secondary School, the St. Antonios
School to Godaif Junior Secondary School, the Adventist School to Halai Ele-
mentary and Junior Secondary School.

Also changed were the names of Mahdere Berhan School to Mahdere Berhan Junior
School to Mahdere Berhan Junior Secondary School, the Middle East School to
Akriya Junior Secondary School, the Comboni School for girls to Edget Elemen-
tary and Junior Secondary School, the Kidane Mehret School to Maikelai Ketema
Elementary School, the Kale Hiwot School to Gura Elementary School, the Arbe-
loni School to Quwahito Elementary School and the Victoria Apostolico School
to Gejeret Elementary School.

cso: 4700/1962

24



In the AMPS survey in 1977--a year after The Citizen appearance--the Mail had
a total readership of 996 000, of whom 337 000 were White and 596 000 were
Black.

The Mail's total readership in 1982 is 784 000, its White readership 208 000
and its Black readership 472 000. These are far below the figures for 1977.

cso: 4700/1977

67



RELATIONS WITH AUSTRALIA STRENGTHENED

SEYCHELLES

Victoria NATION in English 22 Sep 82 pp 1, 2

[Text]

AN AUSTRALIAN trade mis-
sicn on a tour of South-Wes:
Indian Ocean islands called
on Finance and_ Industry
Principal Secretary Guy Mo-
rel at Liberty House yester-
day.

sources, and Mr. Richard
Greenwell, the Assistant
Trade Commissioner based in
Nairobi. The three men call-
ed on Mr. Morel yesterday
morning on behalf of the
whole mission.

The tour of Seychelles,
Mauritius and Reunion has
been organised by the Aus-
tralian Department of Trade
and Resources but also

The eight-man mission, led
by Mr. David Milne, includes
Mr. Grani Hall, an assistant
director in the Australian De-
partment of Trade and Re-

includes representatives of prominent Australian companies trading in a broad
range of products, including processed foodstuffs, beverages and manufactured
goods,

The mission, here since Sunday, is examining, first hand, trade prospects
between Australia and Seychelles with senior Government officials, the Chamber
of Trade and Commerce and parastatal companies. They have already had talks
with the managers of the National Commodity Company and Works Enterprises

A spokesman for the Department of Finance and Industry said yesterday that
the Australian Government's support for the mission, which was welcomed by
Seychelles, was clear evidence of the two-countries'’ desire to strengthen
already favourable trade ties between them.

The mission leaves on Friday.

Cso: 3400/28

60



While considering ways and means of foreign exchange, there are other areas
which must be examined. There are other agricultural, mineral and other
natural resources, and for some reason that was not used as a source of
foreign exchange. Great effort must be made to discover a new source of
foreign exchange. This will save the country from depending only on some
kinds of agricultural products. It will help the nation during the in-
stability of the world market. On the other hand, by exporting such
products it will help to bring foreign exchange, and by using such
products for local consumption, it will save our foreign exchange.

Another important aspect of our foreign exchange question is how to use it
economically. Especially now, when we are endeavoring to protect people's
property and national wealth from corruption, waste and sabotage, it is im-
perative to make sacrifices in order to economize our foreign exchange
which is the foundation of our national economic existence. Foreign ex-
change is one of the mainstays of social and economic development. There-
fore, the foreign exchange obtained by great endeavor must be used on a
priority basis of national economic and social development. And it must
be used economically.

To import items that are not useful and are costly is harmful to the na-
tional economic development. Therefore it is essential to determine the
kinds of items and the quanitity, to be imported, and enforce the law of
import. It is a burning issue of our time to earn enough foreign exchange
for the foundation of our economic development is to be considered. For
that purpose, it is essential to increase the quantity and improve the
quality of our items of foreign exchange, endeavor to discover other items
of natural resources that may bring additional foreign exchange, and use on
a priority basis--and sparingly--whatever is earned as a foreign exchange.

9948
CSO: 4503/46

17



COTU REJECTS GOVERNMENT STAND ON SEAMEN RECRUITMENT

Nairobi NAIROBI TIMES in English 9 Sep 82 p 9

[Text]

THE Central Organisation of
Trade Unions (Cotu) has re
jected the decision for the
recruitment of seamen to be
carried out through the gov
ernment instead of the Sea
men’s Union.

“Cotu has not only rejected
this decision, but cannot re-
cognise it,” said a press re-
lease issued yesterday.

“The labour minister's de-
cision or directive was not
taken in the interests and
welfare of the workers con-
cerned but to please certain
politicians at the coast. It is
sad for the minister for
labour to succumb to the
pressure from these politic-
ians.” Cotu said that in order
to avoid “ugly incidents of
industrial unrest, we expected
the minister to have involved
and consulted both Cotu and
the Seamen's Union before
taking such major decision.”

The statement said Cotu is
urging the Seamen's Union
and the shipping lines “to
ignore the minister's direc-
tives; ‘and instead to strictly
follow the existing procedure
where management (shipping
lines) shall have the sole pre-
rogative io employ people of
their own choice as other
employers are doing in this
country, We must therefore
warn the minister that the
consequences of his decision
will be squarely placed at his
door.”

The organisation pointed
out that recruitment of sea-
men worldwide has always

csO: 4700/1975

34

been done through various
Seamen's Unions by various
shipping lines, just as it has
been the practice between
Kenya's Seamen's Union and
the various shipping lines as
employers. “We cannot
understand how Kenya is
going to be an exception. In
any ase, Kenya does not
have or operate a_ shipping
line of its own; and how are
they going to recruit these
seamen?”

Thanks

We in Cotu recognise and
must thank the Kenyan Sea-
men’s Union for their
achievement in securing
employment for our people in
the past. Government should
have appreciated these efforts
and thanked the Seamen's
Union for that,” said the
Gotu press release which was
signed by _ the _ secretary-
general Mr. Juma Boy.

“In the past we have had
some agencies and individuals
in this country directly re-
cruiting people for contracts
in the Arab countries; and
yet government never stepped
in to take over such recruit-
ment,” said the statement
which pledged in the event of
the Seamen's Union deeming
it fit to take industrial action,
“Gotu will publicly come out
and back them. We view the
minister's action as govern-
ment interference in the
smooth running, of employ-
ment of seamen.”

KENYA



the project fails. With the current economic situation in the world, even the
material and financial resources that subregional organizations can obtain for
us are not guaranteed, There, I think, is why the struggle against desertifi-
cation can find its effectiveness only within the framework of the subregional
organizations.

It is primarily a national problem; its solution should be national.

9064
cso: 4719/1286

54



In a front-page commentary on the
aims, and objectives of the Multi.
faceted Red Star Revolutionary De
velopment (Campaign underway in
Eritrea region, the Amharic weekly,
Yescreitu Ethiopia, carried an analy-
sis of the beckground of the long-
standing problem in the region and the

circumstances that led to the launch: —

‘fing of the Red Star Campaign. “Re-
"galling that the Ethiopian people
have, throughout the ages, been enga-
ged in the defence of the sovereignty
and unity of the nation against the
divisive schemes of eolonialists and
dmnperialigts, the paper cites historical
evidences to prove that Eritrea has

“always been: part and parcel of Ethio- §

On the series of measures taken by
“the revolutionary leadership to bring
ebout a lasting solution to the pro-

blem in the Eritrea region, Yesareiy
refers to ‘the nine-point peace plan ©
issued by the Revolutionary Govern- :

ment and the subsequent steps taken
to resolve the problem. But far from

of the people and the Revolution.
Precccupation by+the revolutionary
leadership and Ethiopian masses in
other areas of popular struggle at the
time provide a chance for the seces-
sionists to cause massive econoniic
destruction, the paper » It was
after affirming the reactionary stance
of the secessionists, and unable to any
longer tolerate the unbearably heavy
havoe played by them that the revo-
lutionary leadership decided that

20

‘there was no alternative to lounch'ng °
the Multi-faceted Red Star Campaign
to do away with the problem in the
region once and for all.

Thanks to the enthusiastic and
unanimous support of the entire wor
king people of Ethiopia, the Red Star
Campaign is producing fruitful re
sult@ in the military, political, econo-
mic and social spheres while fully
exposing the bankrupt and reactio:
nary stance of ithe secessionists, the

paper adds,

The impressive muccesses scored by

-the Red Star Campaign, within

months of its launching, particularly
in the economic reconstruction drive
through massive undertakings rang
ing from supply of basic amenities
to the launching of new industrial
and agricultural projects, truly attests
10 the righieous cause of the Campaign
and the wholehearted commitment of ”
tthe revolutionary leadership and the
masses of the region, the peper writes.

Impressive Contributions

In a commentary carried by the
Ambaric daily, Addis Zemen, Abiy
Fitih Awek outlines the development
of the Non-aligned Movement, its im-
pressive contributions to the cause of
the peoples of the third world and
the role being played by Socialist
Ethiopia in the Movement.

. Enumerating some of the most con-
spicuous achievements of the Non-
aligned Movement ever since its foun-
ding in 1961, the writer singles out
the Movement’s strong anti-imperia-
list, anti-racist and anti-neo-colonialist
stance, its unceasing struggle in sup-
port of detente, and its firm eommit-
ment in efforts to bring about a new
and just world economic order, all of



proclaim that the Gospel was not about changing the Government. "It is about
bringing people to God. And it does suggest that we do something practical
now about the human debris left behind by Christian ideologies," he said.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Sep 82 p 14]

AGRICULTURAL TALKS--THE South African Agricultural Union will hold talks with
the Governments of Transkei, Ciskei, Venda and Bophuthatswana next month with
the object of improving agricultural organisation in the four states, the
president of the union, Mr Jaap Wilkens, said in Pretoria. He said South
Africa, as an agricultural export country, possessed the expertise to help
other countries. Among the topics to be discussed will be the establishment
of co-operatives for marketing produce. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

in English 23 Sep 82 p 11]

TERRORIST TRAINING--MR JUSTICE A P Myburgh heard in the Pretoria Supreme Court
yesterday that a Mozambican terror trialist had been brought up in Daggafon-
tein, Springs, and that his mother had left for Maputo in 1966, leaving him
behind. Mr Eric Dane, defence council for Mr Roderio Hoffsani Chamusso (32),
said this while he cross-examined Ms Mapula Laulang, elder sister of Ms Johan-
na Laulang, who is the mother of the accused's two children. Mr Chamusso

is being charged with murdering two white men in Ogies, near Witbank, of being
a member of the banned ANC, of having undergone military training in Angola
and Mozambique, and of being found in possession of a firearm, rounds of am-
munition and explosives. Mr Chamusso, also known as Patrick Shange, who ac—
cording to the charge sheet is resident of Inhabane, Mozambique, has pleaded
not guilty to all charges. Ms Mapula Laulang told the court that Mr Chamusso
had stayed at her room while she had been still at Florida and had told her
he was going to the army in 1980 in his home country and on his return had
told her he was back at work. The hearing continues. [Text] [Johannesburg
SOWETAN in English 22 Sep 82 p 3]

cso: 4700/1977

87



KICOMI FACTORY MAY CLOSE DOWN

KISUMU, Thursday, (KNA)
— Import restrictions and
the cancellation of the export
compensation scheme are
threatening the existence of
a number of industries in
Kenya. In Kisumu, more
than 2,400 workers at Kicorni
may be declared redundant
soon unless remedial action
is taken to save the factory
from closing down. And in
Mombasa, Bamburi Portland
Cement Factory may cut
back production and lay off a

. sizeable proportion of its
work force.

The trouble-torn shs. 200
million textile factory in Ki-
sumu has been hit by an acu-
te shortage of raw materials
because of the restriction on
imports by the government,
the factory's technical mana-
ger, Mr. P.K. Sehgal, disclo-
sed yesterday.

Sehgal was speaking dur-
ing the discussion with an
assistant minister for labour,
Mr. Shariff Nassir, when he
toured the mills.

He als pointed out that by
October this year there
be a shortage of local cotton
which comes from Thika and
Kisumu. Lack of import lice-
neces had made it difficult for
the factory to get spare parts
and some of the machines

Nairobi THE NAIROBI TIMES in English 17 Sep 82 p 1

were not operational, Sehgal
added.

“Unless these factors are
rectified immediately then
we will have no alternative
but to close the mill and
make the staff redundant,"’
he warned. Nassir assu-
red the management and the
receivers of the mills that the
government would ensure
that the factory does not
close down.

Meanwhile the giant Bam-
buri Portland Cement Facto-
ry in Mombasa, may be for-
ced to curtail its ceinent pro-
duction and lay off a sizeable
proportion of its staff follo-
wing financial problems.

The works director, Mr. H.
Hausen told an assistant
minister for labour, Mr. La-
ban Kitele today that the
company’s financial woes
started with the abolition of
the export compensation
scheme in June this year sa-
ying the action led to a direct
loss of profit in 1982 of
shs. 80 million.

Hausen added that in the
absence of remedial action,
the company’s financial situ-
ation would deteriorate
further ‘and we will be for-
ced unwillingly to take even
more drastic action such as
curtailing production and
laying off staff".



TRIAL ORDER PLEA--CAPE TOWN--Judgment is to be given on October 19 on an ap-
plication for the cases of trade unionist Mr Oscar Mpetha and 17 others to

be heard in a different order to that laid down by the court. The accused,
who have now been in custody for more than two years, are on trial for mur-
der and terrorism. Mr J Whitehead, defending, said the defence counsel agreed
a different order of presentation would be to the advantage of the accused
and cited various instances where this had been allowed. Opposing the appli-
cation, Mr J Slabbert, for the State, said very good reasons had to be given
a deviation "from the established rule" as not only the defence and the State
were involved, but also a third party," the administration of justice." Mr
Justice D Williamson commented that the procedure had been followed only be-
cause there had been no objections previously and asked if this was enough

to "elevate it to the status of a rule". He postphoned the case to October
19 for a decision. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Sep 82 p 19]

TRADE WITH SRI LANKA--COLOMBO--The Sri Lanka Government has defended the coun-
try's plan to expand trade links with South Africa on the ground that a devel-
oping country's economy must always be ahead of political thinking. The single
Communist Party member in Sri Lanka's Parliament, Mr Sarath Muttetuegama
recently became critical of trade between Sri Lanka and South Africa. He
claimed that the open economy started by the present government of President
Junius Jayewardene in 1977 had opened Sri Lanka's doors to trade with apart—
heid. Defenders of Sri Lanka's policy to trade with South Africa and "any-
body else" have been the Minister of Trade and shipping, Mr Lalith Athulath-
mudali, and Foreign Affairs Minister Shahul Hameed. Both inside and outside
Parliament they have questioned the sudden concern of the Communist Party about
this trade link. Mr Athulathmudali said: "If the Communist Party of SriLanka,
in league with their masters in Moscow, are hatching some kind of plot where
trade links are concerned between us and the Republic of South Africa, they

are in for a surprise because we plan to increase these trade links, includ-
ing a possible shipping tie up." Sri Lanka's policy about apartheid was en-
tirely a different matter. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Sep
82 p 16]

UNIVERSITY CHURCH ROW--ANOTHER multiracial controversy is threatening the
Pretoria University community--this time involving the church on campus. None
White Ned Geref kerk congregants said yesterday that they were “angered and
upset" by the decision ofexecutive of the Universiteitsoord university congre-
gation of the church not to allow regular joint church services. The decision
not to allow the services was cofirmed yesterday in a statement by the congre-
gation's council and no further comment was available on the issue. A spokes-
man for the central executive of the church said that the church coulncil
decision was in line with the principle of the general synod of the church--
that church councils were autonomous and could make their own decisions. Rev-
erend Edmond Nkosi, of the Pretoria Mamelodi congregation, confirmed that

he had made a request to the Universiteitsoord church to enable domestic ser-
vants in the area to attend regular services. He described the decision of
the church council as "a shock". It was learnt that the decision was only
taken after lengthy discussions at a recent church council meeting, at which
the feeling was expressed that while there would be no objections to occasional
open services it would not be a good precedent to allow such services to be
held regularly. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Sep 82 p 4]

BLACK PRIORITY BILLS--PREFERENCE was to be given to the consideration of the

Black Communities Development Bill which would be followed by the Orderly
Movement and Settlement of Black Persons Bill. Announcing this in Pretoria

82

Oe —SCSCSCSCS”S


cso:

3400/28

the leadership for considera-

‘tion and action.

Mr. Sinon added that as
many meetings as possible
would be held before the Na-
tional Congress opened on
the afternoon of September
30, so as to get a wide range
of ideas to be put before the
party delegates from all over
the country.

59



last night, the Minister of Constitutional Development and Planning and Chair-
man of the commission to investigate the two Bills, Mr Chris Heunis, said

the commission met yesterday morning to consider the order of business and
procedure in connection with the two Bills. Dates on which the select com-
mittee would sit were also considered, he said. The commission had also de-
cided that persons and bodies who had already requested to submit further
representations would be given the opportunity to do so not later than Octo-
ber 31, 1982. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Sep 82 p 3]

MULTI-RACIAL TRAINING-A MOTION calling on the Government to open technikons
to all races was backed unanimously by the Trade Union Council of South Afri-
ca (Tucsa) at its annual conference in Cape Town yesterday. Introducing the
motion, Mr Ivan der Watt, general secretary of the South African boilermakers,
Iron and Steel Workers, Ship Builders and Welders Society, said that in many
cases students were forced to travel great distances for theoretical training
at technikons which forms part of an apprenticeship. Mr Van der Watt called
on Tucsa's national exsecutive committee to appeal to the Ministers of Na-
tional Education and Training, Coloured and Indian Affairs as well as various
provincial education authorities to urgently remove racial restrictions on
the admission of students to technical colleges and technikons. Mr ICM
Scheepers, general secretors of the National Union of Leather Workers, said
that practical training was identical for all races but when trainees went
for their theoretical training at technikons they were separated according
to race. He said that the various technikons inevitably set different levels
and standards which complicated matters when the students returned to their
places of work which were multi-racial for their practical training. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Sep 82 p 2]

SUBVERSION CHARGED--THE Anglican Church in South Africa has been called on

to declare firmly that it supports South Africa's struggle against communist-
inspired terrorism. The call was made by Mr J J Leontsinis, Chairman of the
Security Forces Support Committee in an open letter to the Church of the Pro-
vince of South Africa. Mr Leontsinis described as a "subversive action" the
request of the Anglican Students Federation to the Episcopal Synod of the
Anglican Church "to appoint a commission to make provision for material de-
signed to help young South African Christians to make a well informed decision
in response to conscription by the SADF or in response to the possibility

of serving in a guerilla army." "This implies that South African Christians
can legitimately join terrorist organisations, having studied 'material' which
may lead them in that direction," he said. It was "high time" the Anglican
Church called a halt to this "nonsense" or "alternatively the Church should
abandon its calling, throw in its lot with the SACP/ANC alliance, and relocate
in Tanzania." In another letter to Archbishop Denis Hurley, chairman of the
Catholic Bishops Conference, Mr Leontsinis asked whether the SACBC was not
guilty of "lamentable double standards" for failing to condemn "authoritarian
behaviour on the part of the Vatican." This results from the fact that Arch-
bishop Emmanuel Milango of Lusaka is "under observation" at the Vatican where
he is being held incommunicado, having been suspended from his position. He
is also apparently undergoing psychological treatment. "How is this to be
justified in the light of the SA Catholic Bishop Conference's oft-repeated
condemnation of similar practices in South Africa?" Mr Leontsinis asked.
{Text ] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Sep 82 p 3]

83



we exported 44.7 million pesos in products from the sea. This year the figure
dropped to 36.7 million pesos. Last year we exported 12.8 million pesos in
wood products and 18.4 million in manufactured products. In the first quarter

of this year the corresponding figures were only 3.2 million and 7.4 million
pesos, respectively.

The General Office of Statistics feels that this sharp drop in our exports

is primarily because of the poor distribution of products and the delayed ar-
vival of some of the goods destined for the agricultural campaign. There was
also the problem of peanuts, which very recently still remained to be shipped
out of the Bafata region.

6362
csO: 4742/402

28



--Applying the decisions of the party and of the government, the orders and
directives of the commander-in-chief, of the president of the Permanent
Commission to the Army, of the itinister of national defense, and of the head
of the General Political Directorate of the Army (DPGA), as well as the
decisions and the functions of the party's basic organizations;

--Party memberships;

--Training, selecting and assigning staff;

-Checking performances of tasks;

-~Party statistics;

--Party leadership of the young people;

--Liaison with local party organizations.

The party's ideological work includes:

--The scientific and theoretical activity of the military and political
staff in directing the training of the troops;

--The ideological and political education of the soldiers;
~--Party teachings;

--Verbal propaganda, the press, radio, cinema, literature, art and cultural
work.

Major Tasks of the Party's Political Work in the Army

These tasks are numerous and are summed up in the following:

--The in-depth étudy and application of Congress decisions and party direc-
tives on the strengthening of the country's defense capability and the improve-

ment of the armed forces;

--Educat ing all personnel to a high level of political awareness and its
confirmation through the party;

--The struggle to achieve military and political/ideological instruction
programs;

--Maintaining order, discipline, and organization;
--Proper maintenance of equipment and weapons care;

--Strengthening the military collective;



CANU DENIES SA INSTIGATING SECESSION

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 24 Sep 82 p 8

[Text]

AN OFFICIAL of
the Capirivi. African
National Union (Canu)
has denied reports that
South Africa authorities
are encouraging seces-
sionist political activity
in Eastern Caprivi.

Reacting to a report in a
Windhoek weekly new-
spaper last week Canu’s
Director-General of Infor-
mation and Publicity
Ernest Likando said: “The
statement that the SA of-
ficials are encouraging
secession of the Caprivi
from the rest of Namibia is
not correct because Canu,
which has been striving
and fighting for the in-
dependence of Itenge since
1964, is still encountering
obstacles in its activities.”

The report stated that
SA authorities, including
the military, were actively
encouraging and — sup-
porting pro-DTA tribal
leaders to form political
party on a ‘secessionist’
platform.

Mr Likando also chal-
lenged the authenticity of

the report that its President
Mishake Muyongo, resi-
dent in Zambia, had
recently twice been
brought to Eastern Caprivi
by SA officials.

Mr Muyongo has not
been in Caprivi since 1964,
the Canu official said.

“This is a naked lie and

43

pure political blackmail to
our leader to discredit
Canu.”

Canu nullified the
merger with Swapo in
1980 after strained rela-
tions between Owambo
forces and Caprivi armed
elements in the Peoples
Liberation Army of.
Namibia reached breaking
point in the late Seventies,
according to Canu reports.

The party is today
operating in Zambia and
Eastern Caprivi striving for
the creation of an indepen-
dent sovereign state of
Itenga.

Referring to the same
newspaper report, Mr
Likando says: “We are not
secessionists. Caprivi is
separate from SWA
historically, culturally,
geographically, ad-
ministratively, ecnomically
and linguistically.”

According to him
Eastern Caprivi has been
recognised as an indepen-
dent entity both within
Swapo ranks and by suc-
cessive colonial ad-
ministrations in the region.

Mr Likando also states
that:

@ German SWA_ ex-
cluded Caprivi; In 1908
renamed Caprivi and

was not called
German SWA;

@ From 1914 to 1922
Caprivi was administered
from Northern Rhodesia;

NAMIBIA



CONGO

DETAILS ON POLITICAL WORK IN THE ARMY GIVEN
Brazzaville ETUMBA in French No 655, 31 Jul 82 pp 5, 7

[Article by Capt Norbert Dabira, member of the Central Committee of the
Congolese Labor Party: "Party Political Work in the Army"]

[Excerpts] The corps of political workers in the army has
been in formation for more than 12 years now. A new
science, a new practice, a new system and new methods of
educating the troops have been established. This mechanism
for educating the troops is foreign to the practice of
bourgeois armies. It is only used in armies in countries
which have chosen a socialist orientation. It involves
"Party Political Work in the Army." This science, which
is not well known by our people, will have to be
popularized and dealt with systematically in the National
People's Army and must in no case be a military secret, as
it forms a part of the overall theory of building the party.

The party's political work in the army is the theory and practice of party
leadership in building and strengthening the armed fotces and in educating
and training the troops.

The party's political work in the army is an integral part of building the
party asa whole. It is also the study of the laws of development of the
party's leadership role, principles of building the party, forms and methods
of organization, and laws which regulate the party's internal operation,

and possibilities for and methods 6f organizational and ideological activity
in the military environment.

‘Building the party includes to major points:

the party's organizational work;
2) the party's ideological wrk.

The party's organization work includes:

— work planning;



SOMALI ENVOY SAYS KENYAN GOODS WANTED

Nairobi NAIROBI TIMES in English 9 Sep 82 p 2

[Text]

SOMALIA would like to see
the abortive OAU Summit
switched from the Libyan
capital of Tripoli to Nairobi,
Somalia's ambassador to
Kenya, Mr. Abdurahman
Hussein, hinted yesterday.
Hussein, whose country
broke off diplomatic relations
with Libya over its support
for the Somali dissidents fight-
ing against President Siad
Barre’s regime, gave the
indication when he called on
the Kenyan minister for
tourism and wildlife, Mr.
Elijah Mwangale. Somalia
was one of the countries
which boycotted the OAU
summit in Tripoli last month.
Hussein said that as proof
of his country’s sincere
desire to co-operate with
Kenya, President Barre had
directed that any goods that
Somalia needed to buy if
available in Kenya should
not be bought elsewhere.
The ambassador also said
that the time had come when
the ministers of tourism of
the two countries should
meet together for direct talks
on promoting co-operation in
the fields of tourism and
wildlife with Somalia.
Speaking earlier, Mwa-
ngale said Kenya was ready
to share its experiences in
the development of tourism
and wildlife with Somalia.
He also agreed with the
suggested need for excha-

cso: 4700/1975

37

nges ot visits and informa-
tion as well as experts
between the two countries.
He said the two countries
shared a long coastline
which was very rich in terms
of fisheries that floated
across their international
boundary.

Mwangale noted that
Somalia was slightly ahead
than Kenya in the fishing in-
dustry, and he suggested that
the two countries could
beneficially collaborate
together in the development
of fisheries. He said Kenya's
fisheries potential was conta-
ined in an area of 60,000
square miles, covering 30
per cent of the land mass. He
said this, if fully developed,
can give Kenya a yield of
100,000 tons at the coast
annually.

Mwangale said that his:
ministry was willing to assist
the Somali ministry of
tourism in the development
of Somalia's wildlife and its
national parks.

He said that co-operation
between African countries in
the field of tourism was
essential because the whole
African continent accounted
for a mere 1.5 per cent of the
world tourist market.

He said relations between
Kenya and Somalia were
getting closer, but called for
instensified co-operation in
anti-poaching operations.

KENYA



ETHIOPIA

IMPORTANCE OF INCREASING FOREIGN EXCHANGE, DISCUSSED
Addis Ababa ADDIS ZEMEN in Amharic 11 Aug 82 p 2
[Editorial: "Increase of Foreign Exchange"]

[Text] For the past years, coffee has been the main national product export-
ed as a means of foreign exchange. In addition, hides, skins, grain, oil
seeds, vegetables and fruits have contributed toward the foreign exchange.

It is also believed that meat and other agricultural products could be ex-
ported as a means of foreign exchange.

However, when one takes into account the need of the nation to import for
the purpose of economic development, the amount of exports is very inade-
quate, and the country could do more to increase its foreign exchange product.
COPWE, in its second central committee meeting, passed a resolution to in-
crease the agricultural products as a main source of foreign export. It
must be increased in amount, improved in quality and should be harvested
in time and transported efficiently. The government and private organiza-
tions must endeavor to see that the harvesting of coffee especially is
properly done. Illegal exportation of coffee to neighboring countries is
controlled, adequate support of coffee producers is provided, encouraging
the participation of the coffee market organization. As a whole by en-
couraging the increase of production of coffee and improving the quality,
our source of foreign exchange could be increased.

Similarly, other sources of foreign exchange could be increased and im-
proved in quality. Skins and hides could be processed to maintain the qual-
ity until it is brought to the market. Instead of selling it raw, it could
be sold after it is partially or fully processed. This wuld be another
way of increasing foreign exchange. Since vegetables and fruits are per-
ishable, it is necessary to find a market in advance, and planting and
harvesting must be done in a well-programmed manner. Meat production must
be reorganized and expanded--that is the government must control illegal
export of cattle and providé. training to those who are doing the farming

or trading in meat. Furthermore, special attention must be paid to products
like meat, vegetablws and fruits, and special means of transportation must
be found and necessary facilities provided to encourage such production

and export which will help to increase the foreign exchange.

16



ETHIOPIA

AAU SIGNS ACCORD WITH USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 10 Sep 82 p 6

[Text] The Addis Ababa University has signed academic and scientific cooper-
ation agreements with the USSR Academy of Sciences--Institute for African
Studies, Kiev, the Order of Lenin, T. G. Shevchenko State University and the
State University of Vilnuis (USSR).

The two inter-university agreements provide for a wide range of direct co-oper-
ation between the universities in the field of exchange of visiting scholars,
research fellows, scientific literature and publications, and academic staff
development in general, the Addis Ababa University disclosed in Addis Ababa
yesterday.

The agreements also stipulate reciprocal invitations of delegations on anni-
versaries, jubilees of the universities and other national functions.

In addition, the agreements will facilitate continuous transmission of infor-
mation on the questions of pedagogy, methods of training in institutions of
higher learning, structure and contents of higher education and the training
of young specialists under conditions of contemporary scientific and social
progress.

The agreement between the Addis Ababa University and the USSR Academy of Sci-
ences especially emphasizes mutual cooperation in the study of Ethiopian
history and culture, history of Africa, Inter-African relations and interna-
tional relations and Africa. Exchange of findings of scientific research,
joint research undertakings and the like will also be undertaken under the
agreement, according to the Addis Ababa University.

cso: 4700/1976

11



Briefs

Number of Working Women 81
Durban Security Tight 81
Trial Order Plea 82
Trade with Sri Lanka 82
University Church Row 82
Black Priority Bills 82
Multi-Racial Training 83
Subversion Charged 83
Maize Estimate 84
Transvaal Educators 84
Marketing Act 84
Swapo Defectors 85
TUCSA Vote 85
Civil Defense 85
Students to Israel 85
Inflation Sags 86
Church Unity 86
Religious Freedom 86
Agricultural Talks 87
Terrorist Training 87

UPPER VOLTA

Causes, Effects of Juvenile Delinquency
(CARREFOUR AFRICAIN, 16 Jul 82) ............ nes 88

Need To Adapt Adopted Values
(Sonde Augustin Coulibaly; CARREFOUR AFRICAIN,
16 Jul 82) ..... tee eee e eect eee nene eee e ee eeeecee . 96
ZIMBABWE

Use of 'Gestapo' METHODS CHARGED
(Aida Parker; THE CITIZEN, 30 Sep 82) ...

Increase of Human Rights Violations Cited
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 22 Sep 82) ...... eee e eee eseee 105

Home Affairs Minister Portrayed as 'Grand Inquisitor’
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 23 Sep 82) ........ seeee 107



ZIMBABWE

HOME AFFAIRS MINISTER PORTRAYED AS 'GRAND INQUISITOR"
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Sep 82 p 14

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

cso:

A STREAM of feedback
to South Africa on offic-
ial sadism and brutality
in Zimbabwe is rapidly
growing into a flood,
according to sources in
Pretoria.

But at the same time,
say Church sources,
there are growing indi-
cations of a spiritual re-
vival in the former Rho-
desia.,

. > Emer; as Zim-
babwe’s grand inquisitor
is Dr Herbert Ushewo-
kunze, former Minister
of Health and now Min-
ister of Home Affairs —
which means he is head
of the police.
- Dr Ushewokunze, it is
is personally re-
sponsible for the grow-
ing number of detentions
without trial in Zim-
babwe and has declared
he intends to ‘make life
hell” for Whites, re-
maining in the country.

Father Arthur Lewis,
head of the expatriate
Rhodesian Christian
Group and a missionary
for many years in Rho-
desia, said yesterday his
files on well documented
and’ corroborated" re-
ports of brutality by of-
ficialdom were growing

daily.

Father Lewis is in con-
tact with a constant
stream of people to and
from Zimbabwe and still
has direct links with
churchmen and other

4700/1977

le in the country.

rae outlined a number
of cases — over and
above the relatively wel-
known and_ publicised
cases of the British den-
fist, Dr Bertrand, the
Stuttaford case, and that
of the two young Figtree
brothers, Noel and Alan
York.

Father Lewis  de-
scribed two cases in
which motorists had
been forced off the road
by the Presidential mo-_
torcade — and the Presi-
dent of Zimbabwe is a
Methodist minister in
good standing with the
Church.

In one case gunmen in
the motorcade opened
fire and wounded a
White couple in the “‘of-
fending” car, and in the
other a 72-year-old man
‘and his wife were beaten
up at gunpoint by Army
guards.

‘A young woman who
witnessed a motor acci-
dent while walking home
was taken to the police
station in Harare and
was kept waiting hours
for her testimony to be
taken.

In frustration and
anger she snapped:
“This darned Govern-
ment” — and was im-
mediately set on by
policemen, stripped
naked in front of a male
guard and kept in a cell

END

107

for hours until her re-
lease was secured.

A courier lost her job
‘on an assignment in a
bus, in which was riding
the Minister of Legal Af-
fairs, Mr Eddison Zvog-
bo, who was apparently
considerably the worse
for wear of liquor.

Father Lewis said the
woman was berated and
jostled after a slip of the.
tongue in which she re-
ferred to “‘Rhodesia”’.

Only the intervention
of overseas tourists on
the bus saved her from
severe injury. She was
subsequently dismissed
from her post.

Father Lewis outlined
other cases, but said it
was encouraging to note
that as the peril to Chris-
tianity was becoming
more evident more
people were becoming
Christians.

“Whites who were
formal Christians are ex-
periencing genuine con-
version and becoming
pioneers of the faith.

“Blacks who have
heard nothing but Marx-
ism for years are weary
of its emptiness and are
seeking Christ,”’ he said.

He appealed for pray-
ers for Christians in
Zimbabwe who were
prepared to sacrifice all
‘for their faith.



SOUTH AFRICA

'CITIZEN' CLAIMS CIRCULATION INCREASES, COMPETITOR'S DROPS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Sep 82 pp 1, 3

[Text]

How the readership of the Mail has plunged is shown by figures since The Citi-

The Citizen, —_six
years old this month, has
‘overtaken the White read-
ership of the Rand Daily
Mail, founded in 1902, by
47000 readers.

This remarkable

achievement is disclosed
in AMPS °82, the All
(Media and Products Sur-
yey conducted for the
South African Advertising
Research Foundation by
MRA.
._ The independent survey
ghows that The Citizen
_has 255 00 White read-
“ers, compared with the
“Rand Daily Mail’s 208
000.

In the 1981 survey, The
Citizen had 236 000 White
readers to the Rand Daily
“Mails’s 239 000.

Since then The Citizen’s

White readership has in-
creased by 19 000 and the
Rand’ Daily Mail’s has
fallen by 31.000.
* “These,” figures, plus
those for Black readers,
‘demonstrate what the in-
dustry has known for
some time — that the
Rand Daily Mail is becom-
ing increasingly a Black
newspaper.

The Citizen’s Black
readership totals 146 000,

an increase of 31 000 on

the 1981 figure, but the
Mail’s Black readership
shot up by 60 000 to 472
000.

The Citizen’s _ total
feadership is 420 000, as
‘against the Mail’s 784
+000.
But whereas 60,7 per-
cent of The Citizen’s re
ers are White, 67,9 per-
cent of the Mail’s readers
are Black.

These figures are most
important to advertisers
who aim for the more af-
fluent sections of the mar-
ket, or who have products
which appeal more to the
White section.

Significantly, The Citi-
zen has 171 000 White
male readers to the Mail’s
131 000, the Citizen’s fig-
ure representing an in-
crease of 27 000 as against
a drop in the case of the
Mail of 2000.

‘The Citizen now has
more White female read-
ers than the Mail —84000
for The Citizen compared
with 78 000 for the Mail.
Although ‘The Citizen’s
figure represents a drop of
8 000, on a smaller circu-
lation, the Mail’s figure
represents a fall of 28 000

ona higher circulation.

zen's appearance in September 1976.

66

More White housewives
read The Citizen (75 000)
than read the Mail (68
000).
The Citizen also has
more White A-B (higher-
income) readers than the
Mail. There are 150 000 in
the combined A (R2 200
plus) and B (R1 400-plus)
group, compared with the

“Mail’s 125 000.

In terms of language,
The Citizen has 157 000
English-speaking White
readers to the Mail’s 153
000, and 98 000 Afri-
kaans-speaking readers to
the Mail’s 55 000.

These figures, in terms
of the White market, are
regarded by advertising
experts as an important

is a bullpoint in terms
advertising aimed at
the White and Black mar:



cso:

4700/1962

contemporary world.

Asa founding member of the Non- ~
aligned Movement, Ethiopia has
always strictly adhered to the princi-
ples and policies of the Movement,

* Abiy writes, quoting the message sent

by our revolutionary leader in con:
nection with the 21st anniversary of
the founding of the Movement in
which the Revolutionary Leader un-
derscored, “unity of purpose of mem-
bers is, no doubt, the major factor
behind the Non-sligned Movement's
past achievements. In view of the
continuing subversive acts being car
ried;out by imperialists to weaken
ithe Movement and erate disunity
among its members, it is the respon-
sibility of all members to further
unite their ranks and be able to keep
high the Movement's ‘commendable
record of worthwhile sccomplish-

“ments. Revolutionary Ethiopia will

spare no effort to extend all co-opers-
tion in this direction”. The writer of

“the article is of the conviction that

the forthcoming Conference in the
{Indian capital, Delhi, of non-aligned
heads of stae will come up with con-
crete measures to frustrate imperia-
Hst designs aimed at weakening the
Non-aligned Movement.

21



--To constantly concern themselves with the spiritual and material wellbeing
of the troops;

~--To organize and carry out educational efforts in view of obtaining
discipline and order;

--To contribute to the maintenance of a high degree of political awareness
and an unhesitating devotion to the party;

--To teach party organizations how to conduct party work in the units;
--To build awareness in order to bring advanced fighters into the party;
--To educate youth on the possibilities of the working class;

—To direct the work of youth organizations and orient them toward applying
party decisions.

Party Organizations

The party organizations represent the party's advance troops in the army. They
They are subject to the party program and statutes and to the specific
instructions of the head of the General Political Directorate of the Army.

Party organizations in the army are:

The cells and the nuclei of the party in the corps, companies, troops and
ships. Here the specific characteristic is that on the military zone level
there can be no party committees.

a) Tasks ‘and roles of party organizations:

Party organizations in the army play an important role in strengthening
unity of command and military discipline. They concern themselves with
absolute respect for the party program and statutes by its members, and build
their awareness of the exemplary accomplishment of political and ideological
preparation for combat. They supervise respect for the party line.

b) Tasks and roles of basic party organizations:
--To accept candidates to the party;

--To safeguard the party from penetration by petty bourgeois elements or
those who compromise themselves by making statutory errors;

--To educate party members in the spirit of devotion to the cause of the
people, to create in them ideological conviction, strictness about infractions
and a high degree of responsibility;

--To continue with the study by party members of Marxist-Leninist theory in
close connection with military life according to party policy at the current
stage of our revolution;



GABON

BRIEFS

ROAD BUILDING PRIORITY--A cabinet meeting, held at the Restoration Palace yester-
day gathered around the head of state, El-Hadj Omar Bongo, the prime minister and
the head of government, Leon Mebiame, and the ministers, Pascal Nze and Jean
Pierre Lemboumba-Lepandou. The prime minister revealed that during the meeting,
the president of the republic gave instructions to the minister of plan and minis-
ter of finance for road building to be priority number one in the projects to

implement under the 5-year plan. [Excerpt] [Libreville L'UNION in French 4 Aug
82 p 1} 9064

CsO: 4719/1286

26



Serious situations sometimes arise. When it's a question of life or

death the "kid" finds himself in the hospital all alone, There as well
Mrs Quedraogo will go to his assistance if she is informed in time, She
told of the tragic case of a youngster wounded by bullets recently, Taken
to the hospital by the police he underwent successful surgery. In the end
he was to die a few hours later for lack of post-operative supervision.
Mrs Ouedraogo was called and arrived too late to see the transfer to the
morgue. The child had struggled so much that he had inevitably undone

the sutures.

What happens to the bodies in these cases? "It is the prisoners who take
care of burial," Mrs Ouedraogo told us, After their drop-out life, there
is anonymous death which leaves no trace other than perhaps a form at the
police department,

Some Figures

In 1980, 1,391 arrests of minors were recorded in Upper Volta, 1,164 of
them in Centre-Ouagadougou department,

Sixty-one percent were for crimes of theft and about 10 percent for
vagrancy and identity checks.

These youngsters are often homeless and even more often unemployed.

Out of a total of 574 cases recorded in 1980 in the Ouagadougou main
police station there were by age group:

3, which was 0.5 percent, among 7-9 year-olds;

55, which was 9 percent, among 10-12 year-olds;

173 (12 girls), which was 30 percent, among 13-15 year-olds; and,
343 (23 girls), which was 59 percent, among 16-18 year-olds.

Comment: There were 35 girls that made up 6 percent of the total. Girls
from 13 years of age are to be found in the streets, The situation of
girls will be the subject of a subsequent investigation since it is quite
a different matter.

9631
csO: 4719/1312

95



UPPER VOLTA

CAUSES, EFFECTS OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Ouagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French 16 Jul 82 pp 13-18

[Feature article by Beatrice Damiba: "The Poisonous World of Street Kids:
The Double Life of Delinquents Without Home, Without Occupation--Who Is
To Blame?"]

[Text] There are a great number of them in our cities, those youngsters
cut off from family environments who live haphazardly for the moment,
heedless of their future and with their so-called freedom as their only god.

All the people--indifferent, paternalistic, bombastic, sometimes

intolerant, but rarely bad--who see these public thoroughfare kids moving
around or who benefit from their services usually only become aware of the
problem the day that they are relieved of their wallet. And, furthermore,
that awareness only lasts as long as it takes for them to recover from their
rage when they are unable to collar the person who did it, The rest of

the time people quite comfortably accept fairly peaceful coexistence with
the children,

What is being done for their rehabilitation? Very little compared to what
could be, At the national level only eight social services officials in
the Ministry of Social Affairs are struggling to help with juvenile
delinquency. In Ouagadougou 75 out of 100 young vagrants could be
completely rehabilitated if one were to go about it with the necessary
means and organization, In the meantime, most of them experience the
closed cycle of arrest, police station, prison, rehabilitation center on
occasion, and the streets again.

Very often they went to school in town or in their village. Boredom, the
desire to earn money, the desire to free themselves from inadequate
parental supervision, or adventure for the sake of adventure motivated
them to leave, "Lawless and godless," the differently organized life of
these street children--who are sparrows and eaglets at the same time-~is
governed only by their group's solidarity and the authority of the gang
leader. Some of them agreed to talk about themselves--oh, not under oath,
because untruthfulness is one of the basic rules of the group-~and talk
about their front occupations,

88



4-To educate party members in a spirit of extreme political vigilance, in
hatred for the class enemy, and in ability to overcome all the difficulties
of military life;

--To permanently elevate the avant-garde role of party members in political/
ideological preparation and combat;

--To direct the activities of youth organizations;
--To organize and conduct propaganda efforts and agitation among the masses;

~-To concern themselves with the wellbeing of military personnel, organiza-
tion of their vacation and leisure time, and development of culture;

--To maintain close links with local party committees.
Youth Organizations

The UJSC ‘Union of Congolese Socialist Youth] is the party's mass organiza—
tion which unites in its ranks the youth of the avant-garde. The youth
organization in the army:helps the party to train young people in the spirit
of Marxism-Leninism. They constitute the party's active auxiliary and
breeding ground in the army. They take the UJSC program and statutes and the
specific instructions of the head of the General Political Directorate of the
Army as their basis in directing the youth.

Major Tasks and Roles of the Youth Organizations

--To train the young soldiers in a spirit of unhesitating devotion to the
party and the Congolese nation based on Marxism-Leninism, the fighting
traditions of the Congolese people, and the precepts of Comrade Marien
Ngouabi;

--To establish in the soldiers a firm ideological conviction and a spirit of
revolutionary sacrifice;

--To help the unit commanders, the political bodies and the party organiza-—
tions to assure a permanent state of readiness among the troops. To
reestablish discipline, strengthen unity of leadership and command, and to
supervise the good professional and athletic qualifications of the youth;

--To make an effective contribution to strengthening the unity of the army
and of the people, to train the soldiers in a spirit of patriotism and
proletarian internationalism and of hatred of capitalism;

--To train youth in a spirit of communist ethics and to watch over their
spiritual and material wellbeing.

9693
cso: 4719/1278



youngsters with their expert hands and quickwittedness that serve them
well. A kind of complicity and temporary or lasting friendship arises
between the "mister" and his little shoeshine boy whom he gets a kick out
of teasing.

Sidwagnan fearfully said that the daily earnings of a shoeshine boy can
get up to 1,000 francs--obviously a lie even though it was timidly spoken.
Then he acknowledged that he earns easily 2,000 francs in a day. He
sometimes has 10 customers in the same spot. By observing him you see
that he easily gets 500 francs in an hour. Of course there is his daily
sustenance and replacement of materials which he buys at the stands of
Yoruba tradesmen, Apart from that, what does Sidwagnan do with his
money? He maintains that he entrusts it to a big brother who has a
business in the central market. What does he intend to do with that
patiently accumulated wealth some day? Well, he doesn't really know yet.
Has he ever thought about it? And does the money really exist? We
suggest to him having a shop like his brother, Yes-~all right--he'd have
a shop. He would have just as easily agreed to anything, But why doesn't
he take care of himself--personal cleanliness and tidy clothing? For he
is wearing rags that are nearly as greasy as his shoe rag. He promises
to wash and dress decently. With these youngsters the most remarkable
thing is their receptiveness to advice and suggestions, They never fail
to agree as long as nothing is binding on them.

Charge Actual Figures Projected Figures
1976 1980 1984 1988
Total Percent Total Percent Total Total

Number of Total Number of Total Number Number

Theft and

equivalent

crimes 417 74.5 850 61 1283 1716
Assault and

grievous

bodily harm 54 9.6 99 7 144 189
Vagrancy 43 7.6 161 11 279 397
Miscellaneous 45 8 281 21 517 753
Total 559 1391(83 percent 2223 3055

in Ouagadougou)
Source: Ministry of Social Affairs (Department of Child Protection)
Dropout Life Followed by Anonymous Death

When health problems (malaria, wounds, stomach aches) arise for
delinquents, they know who to go and see, Mrs Rachel Ouedraogo from the
Yennega Maternity Hospital responds to their SOS, She makes herself
available during her off-duty hours to attend to them. They meet her at
her home and trust her, especially when they have wounds resulting from
gunshots, She sometimes gives them anti-tetanus vaccinations, The
fathers of St Camille give her a "hand" with medicines,

94



While our society is breaking up in large part due to the failure to adapt
Western development technologies, an even more serious reason is that it
is gradually breaking up as mass urbanization increases,

Because of the scope of this urbanization, much that is scathing has been
written about it in the world, and the urbanization's broad scope does not
fail to harm the economy, culture, and the political scheme of things.

Although Africa experienced urbanization before Whites did, that earlier
urbanization did not have the aspect--exploitation of peoples for the
benefit of city minorities--which characterizes urbanization today to such
an extent that urban centers have become poles of attraction. In fact,
among the many causes of the exodus to our cities, there is the fervent
desire on the part of citizens to benefit from the fruits of their labor
amassed in those centers in the name of a civilization which breeds
criminality.

One only has to refer to the difference between the crime levels in the
same city at different stages of its development to realize that crime is
proportional to the level of urbanization of populations,

Although we don't have the statistical data to know the difference
between the crime levels in what are nearly 90 percent-urbanized countries
like the United States of America, on the one hand, and in certain African
countries like Upper Volta in which the population is nearly 90 percent
rural, on the other hand, the idea of this comparison should already show
us the seriousness of Western-style urbanization,

However, any urbanization has its advantages as well as its disadvantages.

But when the disadvantages, at the expense of the advantages, become
disastrous for human beings, there is cause to reflect about the phenomenon
of urbanization and to draw inspiration from our own social structures in
order to devise another type of development for our cities.

If Upper Volta is a land of human beings, every city in that land must
become a city of humankind—a city of all the human beings that live in it,

Many actions--the development of the citizenry's sense of civic
responsibility among others--must be carried out to get to that point,

Systematic Destruction of Nature

The West has introduced into Africa a notion of museum-type preservation
which it is in the process of abandoning these days--the notion that
consists of gathering things inside four walls in order to get a lucrative
profit out of people visiting them,

Now then, everyone knows that we used to have natural museums in which one

used to find plant life, animal life, things of all kinds, Those were the
sacred forests some of which still exist in our countryside,

99



cso:

or whether one regards the exposure of Info
fronts abroad as a terrible price to pay for
what was essentially a political power strug-
gle, the fact remains that the Prime Minister
had a grave problem, but managed to survive
this period with the toughness and resolute-
ness that have been a feature of his political
career.

:, After that initial period, he was able to settle

* down to running the country, taking it on the
* road to reform despite the dark mutterings of
conservatives in the ruling party.

Other Prime Ministers before him did not out-
distance themselves from their followers. He
decided that he would go under if he must,
but he would proceed with the policy he be-
lievedin.

Whether that was foolhardiness or the brave
approach of a committed leader, only time
will tell.

But nobody can doubt that Mr Botha had the
strength of his convictions.

And so the inevitable split came about, a split
that has torn the volk apart as nothing else
has done since the declaration of war in 1939.

A less determined leader might have faltered.
He might have said to himself that reform to
an extent that was rejected by many Afrika-
ners was not worth pursuing. But Mr Botha
has pressed on, regardless.

In terms of his party, he has achieved a re-
sounding victory, getting his reform plan

3400/24

62

passed by the Free State, Natal and Trans-
vaal provincial parties with only a handful of
delegates objecting.

“Outside the party,.the plan has met with either
total opposition, qualified acceptance, quali-

' fied rejection or great suspicion.

Whether it can be sold to Coloureds and
Asians, remains to be seen. Whether the!
mainly English-speaking Official Opposition,
the Progressive Federal Party, will accept it,
as a first step, despite criticism of the plan,
remains a matter of conjecture.

The New Republic Party will go along with it,
although it has reservations; the Conserva-
tive and Herstigte Nasionale Parties will fight
it to the bitter end— and beyond.

What can one say, then, about the Prime Min-
ister’s first four years in office? He has been
controversial, his policies have been divisive

. among his people, but his courage and faith

have not faltered.

One wishes him well in the period that lies

ahead, since it is what he does, and what
favourable response he can engender, that
will determine not just South Africa’s im-
mediate future, but the country’s destiny.

With the great burdens that lié on his shoul-
ders, we hope he will match his determina-
tion with an awareness that, as our country’s
motto emphasises, “unity is strength.”

And it is unity that we need most at this mo-
mentous time in our history.



EXCESSES OF LIBERAL PRESS HIT

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Sep 82 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

cso:

“THE GOVERNMENT has announced that
the ruling African National Congress has
taken over the Rand Daily Mail, Sunday
Times and Sunday Express.

“Ata later stage; the newspapers of the Argus
group will be taken over.

“Afrikaans newspapers,’ since they do not
serve the purposes of the ruling party, will be

- closed down.”

A fanciful announcement?

No, this is the kind of thing that could happen
if South Africa became a Black-run State.

What grounds do we have for saying this?

In Zimbabwe, the newspapers owned by the
Zimbabwe Printing and Publishing Company
were taken over by a State trust.

Nobody was fooled.

It was Mr Mugabe’s way of grabbing control of
the Press (he had already taken over tele-
vision ‘and radio as outright propaganda
media for the “comrades” in power).

In Zambia, President Kaunda has just con-
firmed that the ruling United National Inde-
pendence Party is to take over the Lonhro-
owned Times of Zambia and the Sunday
Times of Zambia from October 1.

In Kenya, the editor-in-chief of the Kenyan
daily newspaper, the Standard, was recently
fired by his board of directors after he pub-
lished a biting editorial condemning the Gov-
ernment for a spate of detentions without
trial.

Since then President Moi has warned Kenya’s
privately owned newspapers that they will be
banned jf they continue to “confuse the
people” and sensationalise “small events.”

He charged the Kenya Press with abusing the
freedom accorded it by the Kenya Constitu-
tion, particularly in the reporting of the Au-
gust 1 coup attempt, which he described as
“nothing but robbery committed by thieves.”

4700/1977

68

The newspapers, he added, had exaggerated”
everything.

We don’t give Kenya’s newspapers much
chance of surviving as free and independent
publications.

All of which should be warning enough to our
liberal Press of what is likely to be in store for
South African newspapers if Black rule came
to this country.

But they will not worry about the dangers.

They will continue to complain incessantly
about conditions here; they will continue to
demand citizenship for all; they will continue
to reject the present limited democracy and
pretend that a Bill of Rights is all that is
necessary to safeguard minorities (including
the Whites) under Black rule. ; ...

They never look beyond our borders and say
to themselves — if South Africa goes the way
of Zimbabwe, or Zambia, or Kenya, we will
end up as one-party States with newspapers
taken over by the ruling party or the Govern-
ment, or threatened with closure.

Make no mistake: We will have a lowering of
standards, we will have no free Press, we will
have no democracy, even the limited one
which we have now, but what we will have:
will be one-party rule and economic disaster.

This is the story of the countries where the
Whites have been ousted in Africa.

We do not mean that there should be no
change — but that change to a one-party
Black State is the way to ruin.

Our solution must be one that satisfies the as-
pirations of all our peoples, but does not end
in the White man and everything he stands
for being destroyed.

All that the liberal Press is doing is fighting for
a system which would result in its own throat
being cut.

And the country’s as well.



It is a known fact that under the leadership of the Democratic Front for the
Salvation of Somalia people of Somalia are resisting Siad Barre's rule. In-
stead of solving the economic, political, and social problems left by the
previous Ethiopia-Somalia war, Barre has sold parts of Somalia, namely,
Berbera and Kismayu, and is preparing to start another war using the economic
and military aid received from the sale of this territory. Barre's intention
is known by the several peace-loving countries previously mentioned and by all
the African countries and the other peace-loving countries of the world.
Recently, a popular Italian newspaper commented that the solution Siad Barre
has found to his problem is to pretend that his country has been invaded and
to obtain American economic, political, diplomatic, and military aid to start
another war in Ogaden.

This Italian newspaper has rightly stated that the Ethiopian Government's
purpose is to mobilize the Ethiopian people so that the objective of economic
building and improvement of the social life of the people will be achieved,
and that Ethiopia has no objective nor plans to start a war with Somalia.
With the exception of those who will not admit the truth, all others know
that today and in the future Ethiopia is focusing on the struggle to build

a national economy, not, like Siad Barre, by using an expansionist policy and
by trying to implement such an impractical dream. Siad Barre's false propa-
ganda that his country has been invaded will not be a "coverup" for the
bureaucratic oppression of his government and the increased armed resistance
of the people against his government.

As has been explained often before, revolutionary Ethiopia has always been
on the side of peace and supports the principles of international law:
national sovereignty, respect for territorial integrity, and non-interference
in the internal affairs of another nation. It supports the idea that any
conflict that arises between nations should be solved by peaceful means, It
will also do its utmost to implement that principle. By contrast, the Somali
regime is being encouraged by its patrons to divert the attention of the
people from the country's internal problems and to direct its false propa-
ganda toward the beginning of another war. Ethiopian policy has been dis-
torted, and its position has been undermined. Not only has Ethiopia opposed
such behavior, but it has also taken necessary steps toward its prevention.

The anxiety promoted by the disturbance of peace has been caused by the ex-
pansionist policy of Somalia aided by the support of the imperialists. The
attempt by Siad Barre and the imperialists to hide the truth will just expose
them more. Repetition will not chance this falsehood into truth, and the
people's struggle will not be defeated by false propaganda.

9948
CSO: 4503/46

13



UPPER VOLTA

NEED TO ADAPT ADOPTED VALUES
Ouagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French 16 Jul 82 pp 21-24

[Article by Sonde Augustin Coulibaly under the heading "Opinion":
"Tradition, Culture, and Development: Adapting Imported Values to Our Own
Values"]

[Text] In the face of the numerous socio-economic and
cultural problems confronting our country, we in Upper
Volta must select from among imported values, which

are not all negative, and adapt them to our own values.

That is, in substance, the guiding idea in Sonde
Augustin Coulibaly's thoughts on development he gives
us today. The author sets forth his thoughts
concerning four key phenomena: technology transfer,
some aspects of which are considered negative by A. S.
Coulibaly with regard to our communal societies;
urbanization, which in its aspect as a mass phenomenon
contributes to the breaking up of our societies; the
systematic destruction of our natural environment;
and finally, the tailoring of education and the role
of the news media.

We are confident that Sonde A, Coulibaly's reflections
will not fail to interest anyone who is concerned about
issues of development, culture, and tradition,

No one fails to see that Upper Volta, like all African countries that were
formerly under foreign domination, is faced with a number of socio-economic
and cultural problems most of which are due to the trials and tribulations
of their colonial history. Although conflicts of civilizations increased
during that colonial period, the fact remains that we have been faced with
such conflicts from time immemorial, and that today more than ever we must
struggle against currents which are ways of life that quite powerfully
support so-called modern technology and ideologies.

These civilizational currents have what the harmattan does: fresh air, and

beneficial effects, but also dust, and harmful effects. And it is up to us
to make our way in the darkness which does, however, hide some stars.

96



ETHIOPIA

MORE THAN 140 CHILDREN DEPART FOR CUBAN SCHOLARSHIPS

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 Sep 82 pp 1, 3

Excerpts]

cso:

A group of children, the sons and
daughters of heroes of Revolutionary
Ethiopia who fell in ‘the struggle for
tthe defence of the Motherland, left for
Havana yesterday to benefit from the
scholarship opportunity offered by
the Republic of Cuba. .

The children numbering 141 and
the fifth batch to benefit from similar
scholarship offer by Cuba were seleci-

-ed from the fourteen regions of the

country under the duspices of the
Ministries of Defenee and Interior.
Comrade Kassa Kebede, Minister
of Labour and Social Affairs and CO.
PWE Central Committee Alternate
member gave directives to the deper-
ting children of heroes of Revolutio-
nary Ethiopia a; a farwell function
held Thursday at ‘the military-run or
phanage for children of deceased
Addressing the departing children,
Comrade Kassa urged them to always
bear in mind the history of the herdic
sacrifices of their parents and of the
relentless struggle of the broad masses
and to dedicate themselves to the no-
ble cause for which their fathers and
mothers have lived and died. :

4700/1962

18

‘The’ Minister’ bf Labotir- and So-
cial Affairs fusther stated that the
scholarship opportunity won by the”
children is a standing testimony to the
sacrifices paid by thelr heroie parents
for the freedom and unity of Revolu-
tionary Ethiopia and urged them to
pursue their education with. diligence
and to. maintain the exemplary discip+

- Hine? and. eonduay. of the ~ Ethiopian
_ youth -in- Cuba's Isle. of Youth.”

Speak ing. earlier, Comrade Atnafu

‘ ‘Acting ager of the Reha-

Agency for’ the “ Disebled,

gaat that out of the’ 141. depart.

dren” $6 are girls’ wil eduea-
onal status’ above the sisth: grade.
ssent at the. farwell Bevin’
‘government! at - officials, invited |
“yelatives Gf “the children.”
2 EL CENA)

‘were



ROSSING PUTS DAMPER ON LOCAL SUPPLIER OF MANGANESE

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 Sep 82 p 5

[Article by David Pieters]

[Text]

ROSSING Uranium

Limited have dashed

hopes that a manganese
mine near Okahandja
could be commissioned
on the strength of long
term supplies of
manganese dioxide to
the world’s _ biggest
uranium mine for its ore
treatment process.

However, there is keen
interest amongst prospec-
tive buyers of the assets of
the liquidated SWA
Manganese, when they
come up for public auction
next week.

There are a number of
interested potential buyers
of the mining grant cover-
ing 12 farms about 100
kms north-east of Okahan-
dja and the insolvent com-
pany’s mining equipment.

grant, totalling
about 60000 ha, will be
auctioned at a Windhoek
hotel and the plant, on site,
where experimental mining
operations have been un-
dertaken. .

SWA Manganese’s
proprietor and Namibia’s
‘baron’ of mining royalties,
Mr GT ‘Giep’ Booysen, is
bitter about the sequestra-
tion of his entire estate
which is in the process of
liquidation.

He is bitter at Enok who

47

filed the largest claim —
R108 000 plus interest —
when he thought he was on
the verge of possibly
clinching a long term con-
tract supplying manganese
dioxide to Réssing; and
also bitter at Réssing for
dragging out the negotia-

~ tions around the contract

unduly long. ,

If the mining operation
does get underway, it could
generate around R2,2m a
year in gross income on
sales of dioxide to RUL
alone, calculated at some
4000 tons a month at ap-
proximately R45 a ton.

It seems destined not to
be the case, however.

Enok wants its money
from Mr Booysen who
signed personal suretyship
for the loan to SWA
Manganesé, and Rossing
does not want the
manganese at all.

In a statement to The
Advertiser, 'RUL points
out that a 100 ton trial run
from SWA Manganese’s
Otjosondo workings “did
not perform satisfactorily.”

Réssing mine would re-
quire up to 50 percent
more manganese from Ot-
josondu to do the same job
with its current supply
from SA.

In addition, the state-
ment says the local
manganese is much harder

NAMIBIA



In preparation for sentencing a team from the social services department
carries out the social work investigation in order to categorize the
causes for delinquency within the child's surroundings. A report will be
delivered to the judge, and the child will have the benefit of social work
aid, After trial he will get 6 months in prison at most unless he is
turned back over to his parents,

According to Mrs Madeleine Zigani, who is in charge of the family and
child protection department, the principal cause of delinquency, apart from
the rural exodus, unemployment and the break-up of the traditional family,
is found in the family unit: parents who lack understanding and are
scolders, unstable marriages, divorce . . . can be seen in the child in
terms of lack of affection, Then there is the size parameter, which is
poverty often coexisting with a rapid increase in the number of children
and the inevitability of pregnancies,

The other cause is attributable to a society which tends to reject any
element that has infringed one of the established rules of its existence.

The child takes off, opts for adventure, He is more often from the city
than from the country. His parents might belong to any set, even to the
intelligentsia. And—-talk about paradox!--we saw the children of a
policeman and a CRS man [Republican Security Companies(State Mobile
Police)] among their number. Many of the children had gone to school or
were still going, which explains the swelling of their numbers during the
vacation, Some parents appeal to the social services department to ask
them to find a home for intolerable offspring.

It should be observed that nobody considers going to a psychologist to try
and understand and if possible to turn to psychotherapy for an emotionally
disturbed child. Even social workers in Upper Volta are not yet working
with psychologists, which they should be doing. It is true that we have
practically no psychologists, which is also the situation in other
scientific specialties for which the need is not perceived for the simple
reason that they are not immediately productive. So for lack of
preventing the trouble from getting worse, one might try to treat it.

When sent back to their families or taken charge of by a well-intentioned
relative after trial or on leaving prison, the little vagabonds——accustomed
to their unsupervised freedom, alas--have difficulty readjusting, and they
run away. The other alternative would be the rehabilitation center. A
single national center does exist; it is the Orodara one with a capacity
of about 60. Children go there either by legal decision or on request

of their parents, always in conjunction with the preference of the child
involved. He might refuse because he has a wrong idea about the center,
thinking it is repressive. In actual fact, at the center they are taught
about living in a community while they are being educated as to the meaning
of discipline. Furthermore, they receive training in farming and
livestock-raising and attend classes to learn how to read and write, When
the children leave the center, their parents, helped by the social services
department, will find them a job in business or agriculture... A living
example of post-Orodara success was mentioned to us--an individual who is
very well known in Upper Volta and is outside the country but who shall
remain nameless here.

92



GUINEA-BISSAU

VIOLENT REPRESSION OF SPECULATORS URGED
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 25 Aug 82 p 8
[Editorial: "The Price of Speculation"]

[Excerpts] It does not take an expert to understand the difficult situation the
country is experiencing.

The living standard of the people is reaching alarming levels, which brings up
the question: Are all the people suffering from this situation? The answer
is obvious: No! Is everyone seeing his income diminishing by the day with
the galloping inflation? No!

Strange as it seems, there are people who are profiting, and profiting great-
ly, from this situation. Experience teaches us that the situation produces
people who take advantage of it to turn an illegal profit.

During the armed struggle for national liberation, while our soldiers and our
peasants were being killed by napalm, in the cities there were people who were
making rivers of money. The situation is the same today; speculation is every-
where. No matter what sector of the economy we examine, we always find specu-
lation. There is speculation involving the scarcity of imported products.
There is speculation based on the imported inflation. There is speculation
based on the shortage of foreign exchange. There is speculation with domes-
tic products, by withhholding them from the market. Our economy is gradually
becoming controlled by real vultures.

Having originated in the disruption of supplies, speculation is now partly
responsible for the situation in which we find ourselves.

It must be combated! Any program to restore our economic health must involve
a merciless war against these vultures.

You will say: This is not enough! If we do not attack the causes, the effects
will persist. We agree. It is not our intention to eliminate speculation,

the black market, with one blow. What we wish, and what we are convinced we
can do, is to limit it to its simplest expression. We must control the specu-
lators, confine them to "ghettos." Otherwise, they will dictate their own
laws. How can we control them? One alternative: repression! The executive
must be stern; if necessary, it must even resort to violence.

30



ETHIOPIA

SIAD BARRE'S 'EXPANSIONIST' POLICY SEEN AS THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL PEACE
Addis Ababa ADDIS ZEMEN in Amharic 18 Aug 82 p 2
[Editorial: "Support That Must Be Stopped"]

[Text] The declaration of a state of emergency in many parts of Somali
territory by the fascist government of Siad Barre point to the increased
arms struggle of the people gainst the regime and it has been demonstrated
that the regime, in desperation for its own survival, will take any drastic
anti-people action. However, the oppressive measures that the regime may
take are an additional burden to the people who are already suffering from
various political, economic and social problems. Such measures will not
stop them from resisting. On the contrary, it will prepare them for a hard-
er struggle.

It is not the first time that the fascist government has declared a state

of emergency and attempted to put down the people while they are trying to
express their grievances. In the past, when Siad Barre was trying to im-
plement his expansionist dream, he started a war with revolutionary Ethiopia
that led to unimaginable hardship on his own people. Because of the diffi-
cult situation, whenever the people expressed their grievances, various anti-
people measures were taken, i.e., many Somali citizens were executived, im-
prisoned or were forced to become refugees. The more cruel the measures,

the more the people hated the regime and their opposition became stronger.

The Somali people are opposing the corrupt family rule of Siad Barre and
his preparation for another war. To change the situation the people have
been struggling for a long time. Those who oppose Siad Barre's rule are

the Democratic Front for the Salvation of Somalia and the resistance is
becoming very strong. The armed struggle of this organization is a great
challenge to the regime and it seems that the overthrow of Siad Barre's gov-
ernment is nearing.

The Somali people being organized under the leadership of DFSS are gaining
victory in their armed struggle. At the same time the volume of false
propaganda that Somalia has been invaded by foreign forces has increased.
The excuse given for the prevailing state of emergency is always the same.
Although those who knew the truth have explained the fact of the matter, the
American imperialists who are always ambitious to have military superiority

14



SEYCHELLES

SPPF HOLDS NATIONWIDE UNITY MEETINGS

Victoria NATION in English 18 Sep 82 p 1

[Text]

A SERIES of nationwide dis-
cussions with SPPF members
aimed at bolstering party and
national unity against at-
tempts to destabilise Seychel-
les and divide its people will
be launched by Secretary Ge-
neral Guy Sinon teday.

Mr. Sinon and other mem-
bers of the Seychelles Peo-
ple’s Progressive Front Cen-
tral Executive Committee will
meet as many district bran-
ches as possible before the
Front’s annual National Con-
gress ait the Maison du Peu-
ple on September 30, October
1 and 2.

The Secretary Genera! told
Seychelles Agence Presse
yesterday that starting with
last November's unsuccessful
mercenary aitack, there had
been more attempts to desta-
bilise the Seychellois Social-
ist Revolution by trying to
turn the people against each
other. This, he said, was stil!
continuing through a massive
spreading of reactionary and
subversive rumours.

COMBAT RUMOURS

58

“So the aim of the meet-
ings is to get the party mem-
bers to do the talking, to ex-
press their fears and opinions,
and to seriously and positive-
ly advise the Central Execu-
tive Committee on how best
to combat these insidious and
divisive rumours,” Mr. Sinon
said .

“It is very important that all
Front members attend and
also actively take part in
these meetings in the inte
rests of party and national
unity and discipline, if we
are going to get this country
working even better tian be-
fore.”

The SPPF, the Secretary
General continued, had al-
ways urged the people to
speak their mind construct-
ively through the right chan-
nels and not _ negatively
where it would do more harm
than good.

The meetings, the first of
which will be at English River
this afternoon, form one of
these channels whereby ideas
and complaints from the
grass roots can be taken to



CHAD

FRENCH FINANCING AGREEMENTS TO BOOST PRIORITY SECTORS SIGNED
Ndjamena INFO TCHAD in French 3 Aug 82 pp 4, 5
[Article: "France-Chad Agreement: To Boost the Priority Sectors"]

[Excerpt] Six hundred and eighty five million CFA francs. Such is the aggre-
gate sum of four financing agreements signed on 2 August 1982 by Vice Commis—
sioner of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Brahim Mahamet Tidei, France's
ambassador to Chad Claude Soubeste. Messrs Hassan Djamous and Abdoulaye Douto,
commissioners of planning and public health respectively, and Gabriel Massa,
head of the French Cooperation Mission in Ndjamena, attended the ceremony,
which took place in the office of the commissioner of foreign affairs.

In the short speech which he gave, the French diplomat said that the signing
of the agreements drawn up between France and Chad denotes the continuation of
French-Chadian cooperative activities. "It further strengthens the ties that
join the two nations so that none of their sincerity or stability is lost and
the stock of friendship and reciprocal consideration remains intact." The four
projects agreed on, Claude Soubeste added, "were chosen because of their social
and humanitarian objectives. They concern sectors to which we are especially
sympathetic: health, the prevention of animal diseases, management and trans-—
portation (the construction of a ferry)."

The vice commissioner, in an eloquently improvised speech, placed in perspec-
tive the capital importance of this French assistance. It comes just in the
nick of time and particularly addresses priority aspects. In the area of health,
the 150 million CFA francs will be used to make up for the manifest shortage of
medicine from which the Ndjamena Central Hospital suffers. Deploring the pathe-
tic fate which Chad's livestock are experiencing at this stage, their destruc-
tion by the drought that is rampant in a large part of the country, Brahim Maha-
mat Tidei pointed out that with the aid of the vaccines which Farcha laboratory
will produce, the rest of the animals will be protected and saved from death,

As for the construction of a 60-ton ferry, the French action is very beneficial
to Chad, a completely landlocked country. Its principal access to the sea is
insured primarily by means of navigation on the Chari River. All national recon-
struction activity is doomed to failure if management's wheels do not turn
normally. For this reason, the representative of the Council of State expressed
his gratitude to the French Government, which has not lost sight of this prime
area.

9064
CSO: 4719/1286



Madam's Basket

Another front for delinquency is bagboy work, Twelve to fourteen year-old
children have chosen to earn their living at the main market by carrying
ladies' shopping baskets or offering a cardboard box for the ladies"
purchases for 50 francs which the boys themselves will carry.

"Do your carrying, Ma'am?" Most of the time the strength being offered
for this chore is probably not up to the job, The applicant--determined--
insists on his ability to manage it,

Depending on whether her planned purchases are big or not, Madam will
accept or refuse the offer.

When the errands are finished they go to the parking lot, and the little
bagboy takes off again from there at a gallop after having pocketed a few
well-deserved coins. Here too it is left to Madam's judgment, which does
not mean protest is out of the question when the "little fellow" feels
there isn't parity.

"A Real Nuisance"

In this apparently peaceful atmosphere, socially reprehensible instincts
develop, starting with robbery, It is an easy way to make money--occasional
at first, for staving off hunger--and gradually turns into a "degree" in
the subjects "thievery," "pickpocketing," "stealing from parked vehicles,"
"burglary," and even "armed robbery." This is a scourge that is growing
as urbanization increases and with what that entails by way of scenes from
films, illustrated dimenovels, and other harmful currents such as
drugtaking and homosexuality. In spite of their innocent look, the

street urchins are, in fact, far from being little angels. They steal
mopeds, headlights, spare tires, traffic lights, When a little thief is
caught redhanded and his life is spared it is only thanks to a policeman,
to how fast his legs can go, or to the size of the nearest sewer, Our
“hare" will dive into a sewer and won't emerge again until hundreds of
meters further along. That is how the big drain which passes in front of
the Supreme Court regularly accomodates guests anxious to be lost sight of
by their pursuers, and similarly, it seems, how it harbors stolen spare
parts meant to be put back in circulation and sold off.

They do sometimes get caught either in the act, or by being hunted out, or
even under the nighttime vagrancy provisions, Between 2200 and 0600 all
minors in the streets who are unaccompanied or without any reason of
absolute necessity can be rounded up by the police.

So a young delinquent's history is punctuated with repeated stays in
prison via the main police station (preventive detention), like the young
bike-watcher from the P and T [Post and Telecommunications Office] that we
saw again behind bars. He said by way of defense that it was the others
who had shared their loot with him.

90



COTU OUSTER PLAN EXPOSED

Nairobi NAIROBI TIMES in English 13 Sep

[Article by Noel Okoth]

[Text]

cso:

4700/1975

THE secretary-general of the
Railways and Harbours
Union Mr. Ochola Ogaye
Mak’Anyengo has called on
the Central Organisation of
‘Trade Unions (Cotu) execu-
tive board schedules to meet
this Thursday to discuss the
month-long claims that plans
were a foot to oust three top
Cotu officials, Ina letter to
the Cotu. secretariat issued
Friday, Mak’Anyengo propo-
sed that the originator of the
claims be asked to substanti-
ate on the ouster plan at the
prospectve executive board
mecting.

‘The ouster claims were first
made early last month by the
general secretary of _ the
Union of Posts and  Tele-
communications _ Employees
Mr. Ali Mohamed, who con-
tended that the plotters for
the plan were quietly rallying
support among the member:
ship of the executive board.

According to Mohamed,
proponents of the plot wan-
ted to oust Cotu's secretary

82 p 2

general Mr. Juma Boy, the
chairman-general Mr. Philip
Mwangi and the
teasurer-general Mr. Were
Dibo Ogutu. However,
Mohamed did not name the
plouicrs but promised that
he would submit a comp-
rehensive report on their acti-
vities to the Cotu executive
board.

But Mak’Anyengo  conte-
nded that concealing [identi-
ty of the plotters was “causing
alarm and despondency in
the labour movement ”.

Said, he, “Workers can
ill-afford a divided leadership
in Cotu as the memories of a
divided leadership is still very
fresh in their minds”. By late
last week, the agenda for the
‘Thursday meeting had not
been communicated to the
members. But the meeting is
expected to discuss the recent
minimum wage level increase
and food price increases, the
developments of which Cotu
is opposed.

35

KENYA



Everything in imported systems of development is not negative, but what we
have to do is select from among those values and adapt them to our own way
of life, which has the advantage of being halfway between those systems,

In order to do that, we must diagnose the ills of our society which is
willingly or forcibly caught up in foreign ideologies.

In the search for those ills our attention focuses mainly on the following
phenomena:

- transfer of technology

- untamed urbanization

systematic destruction of nature
breakdown of education

1

Some Negative Aspects of Foreign Technologies

What strikes us first of all is the negative character of certain aspects
of so-called modern technologies with regard to our communal societies,

One has to be a farmer to realize that modern technologies, whatever their
beneficial effects, nonetheless attack man and nature in many respects.
That is because they are at strict variance with our way of life which has
its source in our beliefs--beliefs the effects of which are not negative.
Mastery of and domination over nature is the essence of Western
civilization, Whereas, for us Africans, our existence is linked to the
existence of nature, whence comes the need for a reconciliation-~a
communion--with nature, In some respects that can be a curb on development,
just as the violence development does to nature becomes invisible to
development,

In any case, most of our people are fundamentally opposed to the destruction
of sacred forests, burial grounds, and places of worship. That opposition
is found to a lesser extent in Islamized and Christianized localities,

However, the use of individual-oriented technological means is gaining
ground at the expense of collective work which used to be supported on the
spot by the music of an orchestra, The community is gradually shrinking
from the village to the family line, and from the family line to an
individual's household,

The griot [African poet/storyteller cum wandering musician to whom
supernatural powers are attributed] himself, who used to be the center of
community events, tries to keep up through other means than gathering
together men who fall between two stools--between two civilizations, At
any rate, he will never go play his tomtom to put energy into oxen dragging
a plow.

The sense of community, therefore, is dying along with the figure who
embodied it in society.

97



KENYA

PERMITS NOW NEEDED FOR UGANDANS, TANZANIANS
Nairobi NAIROBI TIMES in English 1 Oct 82 p
{Article by Mohamed Warsama]

[Text] ALL citizens of Uganda and Tanzania resident in Kenya will now be
required to apply for entry permits. A legal notice directing the nationals
of the two countries to apply for entry permits within 30 days is contained
in today's September 10 issue of The Kenya Gazette.

It was signed by the Minister for constitutional affairs, Mr. Charles Njonjo,
and dated September 9.

The order states that the minister has instructed immigration officers to
require all persons who are citizens of Uganda and Tanzania, and the wives,

de- dependent children and other dependants (other than citizens of Kenya)

of such persons, who are resident in Kenya, to apply within 30 days from the
publication of the notice to such immigration officers in the manner prescribed
under the immigration regulations for entry permits or, as the case may be,
dependants’ passes or other passes.

The order stated that the instruction is without prejudice to any previous
requirement made in respect of certain citizens of Tanzania. In 1979, the
Kenya government directed Tanzanian nationals working in the country to obtain
work permits in a move aimed apparently at responding to the ouster of Kenyan
workers from Tanzania.

The latest order virtually places the nationals of neighbouring Tanzania and
Uganda at a par before the immigration laws with resident non-citizens of

other countries working in Kenya. Foreigners arriving in Kenya to take up
employment are required to have entry and residential permits plus work permits.

cso: 4700/1975

38