286186

JPRS 83980

2 6 July 19 8 3

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2825

,# ■■

19980605 181

DTIC QUALITY INSPECTED 2

FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY i NATIONAL TECHNICAL !

INFORMATION SERVICE j

U.S. DEPARTMENT Of COMMERCE I

SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

IGI
NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign

newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency

transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language

sources are translated; those from English-language sources

are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and

other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets

[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]

or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the

last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was

processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the information was summarized or extracted.

unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are

enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a question mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the

original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.

Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an

item originate with the source. Times within items are as

given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the, policies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical

Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In ordering, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and

author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports

Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical

Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of

U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement

may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,

1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.
JPRS 83980

26 July 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2825

CONTENTS

BENIN

Briefs

EEC Grants 1

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Kolinga Reportedly May Go Way of Bokasa

(Martin Bennitt; AFRICA NOW, No 27, Jul 83) 2

GAMBIA

Workers Union Official Discusses Future Plans

(AFRICA NOW, No 27, Jul 83) '... .. • 4

LIBERIA

Fahnbulleh Discusses Domestic Matters, Refugee Issue

(H. Boima Fahnbulleh Interview; WEST AFRICA, 27 Jan 83) 6

Briefs

Refugee Security Measures 9

Measures Against Shop Owners 9

MALAWI

Government To Set Up Storage Facilities for Excess Burley

(MALAWI NEWS, 18-24 Jun 83) ................. •...... •....

10

Improved Nacala Rail Link

(Editorial; MALAWI NEWS, 18-24 Jun 83) 11

SAMACO Seeks Elections Boycott

(DAILY MAIL, 28 Jun 83) 12

NAMIBIA i

Broadbased Meeting Examined Proposed State Council

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 30 Jun 83) . 13

- a - [III - NE & A - 120]
Swanu Threats of Mass Demonstrations Reported

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 29 Jun 83) 15

Stop Misleading the People, Katjiuongua Warns the AG

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 29 Jun 83) 16

Briefs

Okahanja Budget 18

NCDP Demands Action 18

SOUTH AFRICA

Matanzima Rejects President-for-Life Option

(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 6 Jul 83) 19

Commentary on Impact of Nafcoc Suggestions

(Editorial; SOWETAN, 8 Jul 83) 20

Increasing Growth of Government Bureaucracy Noted

(Ivor Wilkins; SUNDAY TIMES, 26 Jun 83) 22

Constitution Seen Opening Up Hope for Meaningful Change

(Willie Esterhuyse; SUNDAY TIMES, 29 May 83) 26

General Malan's Warning To Press Hit

(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 12 Jul 83) 29

Proposed Formation of Greater Soweto Council Sparks Controversy

(Sam Mabe; SOWETAN, 11 Jul 83) 31

Police Use of Teargas To Break Up High School Demonstration Reported

(Mono Badela; SOWETAN, 12 Jul 83) 33

Black Sash To Take Action Against Wrab

(Len Maseko, Mono Badela; SOWETAN, 12 Jul 83) 35

Professor Spotlights Dearth of Science Teachers

(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jul 83) 36

Professor Resigns, Claims SABRA Failed

(THE CITIZEN, 12 Jul 83) 37

Zimbabwean Businessmen Address Nafcoc Congress

(SOWETAN, 8 Jul 83) 38

Gerrit Viljoen Denies Pressing for Colored Homelands

(Fred de Lange; THE CITIZEN, 11 Jul 83) 39

Daring Bid to Free Barbara Hogan Foiled

(Chris Olckers; RAND DAILY MAIL, 2 Jul 83) 40

- b -
Assocom Warns on High Cost of Reform

(John Mulcahy; RAND DAILY MAIL, 2 Jul 83) 41

Standard Bank Issues Warning on Inflation

(Howard Preece; RAND DAILY MAIL, 8 Jul 83) 42

Government Silent on Extent of MP's Salary Boost

(Gerald Reilly; RAND DAILY MAIL, 5 Jul 83) 43

Shortage of Investment Opportunities Reported

(Hannes Hamman; THE STAR, 6 Jul 83) 44

Bishop Tutu Hits SABC Commentary on SACC

(Desmond Tutu; THE START, 1 Jul 83) 46

Mental Ills in Townships Increase

(THE STAR, 5 Jul 83) . 48

Anglo To Spend an Extra R100-M on Mining Operations

(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 13 Jul 83) 49

Low-Income Home Plan Gets Full Loan Support

(THE CITIZEN, 13 Jul 83) 51

Fifty Banning Orders Expire, Ten Get New Restrictions

(RAND DAILY MAIL, 2 Jul 83) 52

'Listed Communists' Now Reduced by 330

(Anton Harber; RAND DAILY MAIL, 5 Jul 83) 53

Homelands Illegal Professor Der Vyver Claims

(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jul 83) 54

Censorship Being Used by SP, Du Toit Claims

(Fred DeLange; THE CITIZEN, 13 Jul 83) 55

Afrikaners Urged To Protect Culture

^ (Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 14 Jul 83) 56

Cruywagen Appeals for Afikaner 'Regeneration'

(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 13 Jul 83) 57

FAK Worried Over Cultural Apathy

(THE CITIZEN, 13 Jul 83) 58

Premier Plant Closure Hits Four Hundred Workers

(Anton Harber; RAND DAILY MAIL, 8 Jul 83) 59

Details on Technicom Conference in Pretoria Given

(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jul 83) 60

- c -
Constitution Reform Battle Looms

(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 14 Jul 83) 62

Recent Supreme Court Decisions Hailed

(Editorial; DIAMOND FIELDS ADVERTISER, 4 Jul 83) 64

NGK Changes, Internal Divisions Noted

(FRONTLINE, Jul 83) 66

Details on Rightwing AWB Given

(Denis Beckett; FRONTLINE, Jul 83) 68

Markinor Gallup Poll on Black-White Relationships Released

(SOWETAN, 14 Jul -83) 73

Relations Remain Unchanged

Editorial on Poll, Editorial

Realignments in Black Politics Reported

(Craig Charney; FRONTLINE, Jul 83) 75

Growing Black Tendency To Reject English Hit

(Harry Mashabela; FRONTLINE, Jun 83) .. 78

Ex-Rhodesians' Contribution To Insulting Racial Terminology Noted

(FRONTLINE; Jun 83) • 80

Black Sash Rejects Wrab's Rikhoto Policy

(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 8 Jul 83) 82

Low-Income Housing Scheme for Blacks Detailed

(Anthony Duigan; THE STAR, 6 Jul 83) 83

First Black Workers' Legal Strike Since 1976 Reported

(Stephen Friedman; RAND DAILY MAIL, 4 Jul 83) 85

Government Warned of Race Friction in Mayfair

(Yussuf Nazeer; THE STAR, 6 Jul 83)

Migrant Labor System Seen Destroying Nuclear Family

(Jean Hey; THE STAR, 7 Jul 83)

Vaal Reefs Experimental Use of Trackless Equipment Reported

(Brendan Ryan; RAND DAILY MAIL, 2 Jul 83)

86

Noted Black Educationist Advocates Revamping Black Universities

(Anthony Duigan; THE STAR, 7 Jul 83) 87

89

90

Problem of Ciskei Cattle Crossing Into SA Examined

(DAILY DISPATCH, 28 Jun 83) 91

- d -
Briefs

Iron Scale Shortage 92

English Language Medium 92

SOWETO Journalist Detained 93

Blacks Oppose Admin Board 93

First Black Policewomen 93

Fort Hare Students 9I4.

CCAWUSA lauds Checkers Strike 9I;

Anticouncil Campaign Grows 9I1

SWAZILAND

Details on lupohlo-Ezulwini Hydroelectric Project Given

(Patrick Bulgerj THE STAR, 5 Jul 83) 96

Swazis Benefit From Hard Times in Europe

(Malcolm Fothergill; THE STAR, 6 Jul 83) 98

Briefs

French Loan to Swazis 99

SYRA Fights Unemployment 99

Maize Gift From Taiwan 99

TANZANIA

Plans for Creation of Auto Industry 'In Serious Trouble'

(AFRICAN NOW, No 27, Jul 83) 101

UPPER VOLTA

Sankara Power Struggle Discussed

(WEST AFRICA, 27 Jun 83) 103

ZAMBIA

Zambian-Tanzanian Banks Streamline Tazara Fund Remittances

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 30 Jun 83) 106

Zaire-Zambia Officials Hold Border Talks at District Level

(Patu Simoko; SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 3 Jul 83) 107

Mundia Praises Nigeria's Role in African Development

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 2.9 Jun 83) 108

Kamaga: CANU Operating Illegally in Nation

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 9 Jul 83) 109

Security Forces Smash Organized International Spy Ring

(SUNDAY TIMES, 10 Jul 83) , HO

- e -
Army General Urges Soldiers To Give Kaunda Massive 'Yes' Vote

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 29 Jun 83) HI

Official Gives Data on Trade, Aid

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 7 Jul 83) 112

Particle Board Plant Scheduled for Production in December

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 29 Jun 83) 113

GDR Delegation Leader Praises Kaunda Leadership

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 29 Jun 83) llU

Most Zambians Reportedly Cannot Afford To Buy Plots

(DAILY MAIL, 28 Jun 83) ll£

World Bank Experts, Ministry Officials Issue Cash Crop Survey

(DAILY MAIL, 30 Jun 83) H°

Shrinking Employment Outlook for College Graduates of Concern

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 28 Jun 83) H7

Fifty Indian Scholarships Unused by Businessmen

(DAILY MAIL, 6 Jul 83) H

8

Nation May Face Critical Maize Shortage by March 198)4

(DAILY MAIL, £ Jul 83) H9

Government Announces New Producer Prices of Farm Goods

(DAILY MAIL, 2 Jul 83) I

20

UNDP Freezes Seven Industrial Projects

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 5 Jul 83) 122

Dam Construction Funds for Southern Province Being Wasted

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 30 Jun 83) 123

USSR To Reschedule Debts, Land Clearing Equipment

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 7 Jul 83) 1

2

U

Soko: Some Joint Permanent Commissions With Neighbors Useless

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 30 Jun 83) i25

IMF 'Happy1 With Nation for Making Loans Available To Farming

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 30 Jun 83) i26

Foreign Exchange To Firms Importing Raw Materials May Be Stopped

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 9 Jul 83) i27

Over 50 Percent of Women Engaged in Manufacturing

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 6 Jul 83) i29

- f -
Passenger Train Service With Zimbabwe To Be Reintroduced

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 9 Jul 83) 130

Mealie Meal Smuggling to Namibia 'Rampant'

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 8 Jul 83) 131

UNZA Animal Science Department Finds Cheaper Chicken Feed

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 28 Jun 83) 132

Briefs

Reorganizing ZECCO 133

Gwembe Water Shortage 'Critical' 133

ZIMBABWE

Reportage on Coal Mining Project in Matabeleland

(THE STAR, h Jul 83) 13U

3500-ton Pick-Me-Up, by Robin Drew

Mining Town Boom

Army Elite Taking New War Studies Course

(Robin Drew; THE STAR, h Jul 83) 137

Employment Agencies Deny Allegations of Discrimination

(SUNDAY MAIL, 19 Jun 83) 138

Railways Lays off Hundreds Due To Drought, Low Production

(SUNDAY MAIL, 3 Jul 83) lUO

Bulawayo Residents Demonstrate Against Tribalism

(SUNDAY NEWS, 19 Jun 83) 1^1

Matabeleland CFU President, Others Selling Out Due To Unrest

(Pascal Mukondiwa; SUNDAY NEWS, 19 Jun 83) lU3

Romanian Barter Deal, Fertiliser Industry Difficulties

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Jun 83) 1U5

Hotel Employees on Short-Time Due to Tourist Slump

(FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Jun 83) 1^7

Tobacco Industry Production Costs Up 2 0 Percent

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Jun 83) lU9

Briefs

Trade With Eastern Bloc Low l£0

Air Zim Engineers in Britain 13>0

Profit Sharing 150

Government Re-Detains Zipra Commanders 1S>0

- g - =
BENIN

BRIEFS

EEC GRANTS—The EEC's Commission has approved financing for projects xn

Benin, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, The Gambia Guinea Sao

Tome and Principe and Upper Volta, under the Fifth EDF. Benxn: Two grants,

l!n5m! ECU for a road project, and 3.64m ECU for a geological survey were

approved. The first loan is to enable the completion of the BohxconSavallu road, which has already received EEC aid. Total cost of the project

is 10 5m ECU;s. The second loan is to enable the completxon of a geological

mapping of the country which is at an advanced stage. The project xs

designed to provide the government with exact informatxon on mxneral

deposits suitable for future exploration and development. [Text] [London

WEST AFRICA in English 27 Jun 83 p 1518]

CSO: 3400/1629
KOLINGA REPORTEDLY MAY GO WAY OF BOKASA

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

London AFRICA NOW in English No 27,Jul 83 pp 27, 29

[Article by Martin Bennitt]

[Text] Heavy jail sentences on two opponents of

General Andre Kolingba's regime in the

Central African Republic have brought

protests from abroad and embarrassment

to the French Government. After a oneday trial held with very little warning,

Abel Goumba, chairman of the Front ' Patriotigue Oubanguien-Parti du Travail

(FPO-PT) and party secretary-general

Patrice Endjimoungou were sentenced to

five years in jail and 10 years' loss of civil

right for allegedly attempting to organise

a secret revolutionary organisation.

Endjimoungou was also fined CFA

francs 200,000 for remarking that the

magistrates at the trial, on April 21, had

served under Emperor Bokassa and that

Kolingba seemed to be going the same

wav as his predecessor. Goumba, a

militant socialist, was arrested at Bangui

University last August, shortly after

Endjimoungou was prevented from

leaving for Paris. Goumba had accepted

the appointment as rector of the

university the previous December, while

warning Kolingba that he was not

renouncing his political beliefs.

Goumba has a long political history,

both before and after independence and

was acting-President in 1959 before being

pushed aside by David Dacko, who

imprisoned him briefly in 1962. He was in

exile during the Bokassa years and, after

the French brought back Dacko in 1979,

stood unsuccessfully for the Presidency m

1981.

In July of that year Goumba, then m

Paris, was made the object of an

international arrest warrant issued by

Dacko after the explosion of a bomb in a

Bangui cinema. The attack was claimed

by Idi Lala, a tormer FPO-PT member, but

friends of Goumba say this was merely to

give Lala's group credibility. The real aim

of the bombing, they allege, was to ensure

that the new-elected Mitterrand

government in France did not pull out the

1,200 troops flown in under Operation

Barracuda, the return of Dacko to power.

Six weeks after the blast, Dacko, a

complete failure, handed over to

Kolingba.

Friends of Goumba now think that he

was "set up" with his nomination to the

university. They point to the virtually

paper-thin evidence against him and the

fact that, while Kolingba banned political

activity, he did not forbid the existence of

political parties.

Goumba's arrest prompted the setting

up of a support committee headed by

Pierre Kalck, Goumba's French

Government chief-of-staff in colonial

days. A petition for his release and that

of the estimated 100 other prisoners of

conscience in the CAR, has received

widespread support, including the

signature of Max Gallo, now the French

Government's official spokesman, and

numerous socialist deputies. But the

party's official line is that it is best to

follow the Mitterrand approach of quiet

diplomacy in human rights cases.

In fact, France, which pays the salaries

of the Central African Government's

employees, could exert enormous pressure

if it chose. Kalck's view is that Kolingba,

with the active backing of conservative

French settlers and companies, is using

Goumba as a hostage in exchange for

continued French financial backing for his

regime and to prevent any idea of a

second Barracuda.
In 1979, Mitterrand, then in opposition

wrote to Goumba that "the socialists will

be by your side as often as necessary so

that human rights are respected in your

country." Many people are waiting for

that promise to become a reality.

Goumba and Endjimougou have been

transferred since their trial to Ngaragba

prison, where Bokassa's massacre of

schoolchildren finally persuaded the

French he had to go. Pierre Kalck told

Africa Now: "It is a classic prison and

conditions are very tough."

For the moment, Kalck discounts FPOPT allegations of torture and says that

things are not as bad as under Bokassa.

"But arrests are just as arbitrary and

there is a serious risk of Kolingba going

the same way as Bokassa," he adds.

Between his arrest and trial, Goumba

was held in the military prison camp at

Kassai. From there he wrote a description

of his daily life in a letter which reached

his lawyer Frederic Weyl in Paris at the

end of last year, almost three months

after it was written.

"We endure the same punishment as

soldiers under close arrest, although we

are civilians," he wrote. "At 5-5.30 the

jailer opens the door of our cell, dragging

us out of a sleep disturbed by the nightly

activities of the camp . . .

"One of the five soldiers on duty

escorts us, gun in hand, to the toilets

about 200 metres away. Afterwards he

takes us back to the cell, from which we

emerge only from time to time, solely to

go to the toilets.

"In the intervening period until bedtime

there is: confinement, no exercise period

to breathe the outside air, no contact or

exchange with the outside world; we have

no right to newspapers or radio, and still

less to visits from our families, of whom

we have no news. Every communication

between a detainee and his family ... must

be transmitted to the camp commandant

for censorship and vice versa. By the time

the reply arrives it is otten too late. More

seriously, this same slowness is observed

for medical consultations and attention.

"Meals are brought to us once a day at

1400 hours by our families, who leave

them at the guard post at the camp

entrance. After a careful search of their

contents the soldiers bring them to us.

Any object considered suspicious or

forbidden is removed."

Of his accommodation, a disused

office, Goumba wrote: "The heat is

unbearable, the single window cannot be

opened, a neon light burns all day and

night because the switch is broken." A

food store next door attracts hordes of

mosquitos and other insects, with

consequent effects on the health of

prisoners.

"At 1800 hours the jailer locks the door

for the night, a night made extremely

uncomfortable by mosquito bites,

sweating from the heat and nauseous

atmosphere, noises of all sorts and the

light which cannot be switched off."

In a subsequent letter to Weyl,

Endjimoungou said that conditions had

worsened. "Political prisoners are mixed

with thieves and criminals in narrow,

dark, overcrowded cells. We are treated

like animals," he wrote.

"What we receive as food from the

state which detains us, the daily ration,

consists of a bowl of manioc as large as a

fist and a 20 gram piece of beef .... it is

so insufficient that no one could live on

it."Endjimougou added that prisoners, held

without trial or charge sometimes for

years, have their salaries stopped from the

moment of arrest and can no longer

support their families. His own brothers

had also been fired from their jobs.

Goumba, 55, suffers from a kidney

disorder and malaria. According to Kalck

he has onlv his own medical qualifications

and experience as a former World Health

Organisation employee to keep him in

reasonable health. Both men have been

adopted by Amnesty International •

CSO: 3400/1638
GAMBIA

WORKERS UNION OFFICIAL DISCUSSES FUTURE PLANS

London AFRICA NOW in English No 27,Jul 83 pp 25, 26

[Text] Ever since the banning of the

Gambia Workers Union almost

seven years ago, trade unionism

in the Gambia has been in the

doldrums. Even though several

other unions continued to exist,

the Gambia Workers Union

proved to be the one with the

most active membership and its

banning was a cue for the other

unions to behave — which they

have been doing ever since. But

now the Gambia Workers

Union has been registered

again. Its registration on

January 23, 1983, however,

only came after years of

lobbying culminating in a

seminar on "Trade-unionism

and National Development"

jointly organised by the ruling

People's Progressive Party, the

Frederich Ebert Foundation of

West Germany, and local

unions. Alhaji M.E. Jallow is

secretly-general of the newly-reregistered Gambia Workers

Union. He spoke recently to

Africa Now.

Why was your union banned in the first

place?

Officially, we were accused of not

submitting our accounts on time. It was true

that we did not submit accounts but I think,

from the climate of hostility which existed at

that time, there were other factors involved.

For instance, we suddenly saw legislation for

essential services and we knew trouble was

coming. This particular legislation was to

make strikes in the essential services illegal

except when notice was given. Previously we

had been accustomed to having wildcat

strikes all over the place. This banning

followed the strike at the Gambia Utilities

Corporation over the non-payment of salary

increases to the workers there.

As a result of this strike action, the

politicians felt it was necessary to create such

legislation. Of course in a small country like

this, if you give notice before going on

strike, they can easily dismantle whatever

machinery you may have to use your

democratic legal right to go on strike. The

President has often said that the worker has

a right to go on strike but that the employer

also had the right not to pay him for the days

he is on strike.

So the President stated his position — but

then, of course, he was siding with the

employer and doing his best to win him for

the government side. This is how trouble

started. We suddenly found we were no

longer relating to the state and harsh

measures were being worked out — some of

our boys were picked up and we had rough

times in the courts.
Why have you been registered again?

Let us say that the government has

courageously taken the step because this is

what the situation calls for. If we talk about

participatory democracy then we must allow

the forces to debate freely and become

involved.

Will the fact that you received your reregistration on a silver platter from the

government not make your union suspect

in the eyes of the people?

It is full of risks because people with many

grievances tend deliberately to misunderstand our relationship with the government.

But this is the state. We did not put them

there. They hold the machinery and

apparatus with which we should do our work

as trade unions trying to represent a broad

cross-section of the people from left to right

— all of them responding to the concept of a

free union but relating responsibility to the

state.

This is why it is inevitable that a union

with that power in relation to our society will

have to work closely with the government of

the day.

So from now on, what is the union

going to be involved in?

The union will function like all unions. It

will try to solve grievances and generally

concern itself with the problems of workers.

But above all, the union is now going to look

for a new role because we were told at the

seminar that everybody is a worker — a

farmer is a worker, so is a fisherman. After

the seminar people started calling us into

little meetings and the next thing was we saw

farmers and fishermen were coming over to

us saying they were also workers.

So ahead of us there is a lot of organising

to come which will be thoroughly put

together and orientated. For example, we are

going to keep alive a young workers

movement as well as involve women more in

the activities of the union • i

CSO: 3400/1639
LIBERIA

FAHNBULLEH DISCUSSES DOMESTIC MATTERS, REFUGEE ISSUE

London WEST AFRICA in English 27 Jan 83 pp 1492-1493

[Interview with Liberia's Foreign Minister H. Boima Fahnbulleh by Eddie

Momoh]

[Text]

IN RECENT months, there has been an apparent hiccough in relations between

Liberia and neighbouring Sierra Leone; first after a newspaper article in

Freetown falsely accused Head of State Samuel Doe of having killed his wife

and more recently because of claims and counter-claims about refugees who

have crossed Sierra Leone's southern borders into Liberia. All these have

stalled relations between the two countries which, anyway, have not been as

good as they used to be under William Tolbert, before Doe's military regime

seized power in 1980. Eddie Momoh talked to Liberia's Foreign Minister, H.

Boima Fahnbulleh about these relations and situations inside his country^

Q. What is the mood now in Liberia

about the new draft constitution?

A. Oh, the people are very enthusiastic:

they are debating the new constitution.

People are selecting members of the Constituent Assembly and, as a matter of fact,

we have a very beautiful programme on

radio and a constitutional forum where

citizens can call and give their views on the

draft constitution. We have also had members of the constitutional committee being

interviewed on radio and TV from time to

time. It has been a fantastic transformation, never before in the history of our

country have the Liberian people given the

opportunity of debating political and constitutional issues. What we have had in the

past was a masquerade of fat pot-bellied

zombies who just deceived the people

while they organised themselves into family relations, masonic lodges, church associations and determined the future and life

of the Liberian people. All these people

did in the past was to misrepresent the

people. But for the first time, our people

are debating issues that affect their lives.

Q People are criticising your regime

saying that, in fact, nothing has changed

from the past ... in particular, that you

now have in government as many corrupt

people as there were in the two previous

set-ups which led to the coup. In other

words, you have as many True Whig

stalwarts in government now as in the past,

which means there is an apparent jockeying for position between you and these

men of the old regime.

A I read that in your paper, west

Africa, a couple of weeks ago and I said to

myself why should a thing like this be ot

primary concern to you. If these elements

are coming back, it shows that we were

right from the start . . .that the regimejo
which they belonged in the past, was

corrupt and decadent. So. the mere fact

that they can come back and work with us,

shows not only that they are Liberians and

want to survive, but that we (the PRC

government) have been right from the

beginning; because in the past, a lot of

them ran away. Some of them had predictions that by the time of the first

anniversary of the PRC government, some

of us would have been dead and out of the

picture. But they have been disappointed:

we survived and the revolution is moving

on. If they have been led astray in the past,!

we are calling on them now to show that

they can give their best for the national

interest. We do not segregate. I told the

Voice of America the other day in

Washington that we'll never discriminate,

because we have been the victims of

discrimination. So. we must stretch out a

hand of solidarity, if they^want to come;

back and help build a better Liberia which

would be truly representative of the mass

of the people, they are welcome. This is

the time for all of us to get together

without anyone feeling that because his

father or generation came from Ohio,;

Philadelphia or Oklahoma, he was superior and destined to be a leader. That

cannot be tolerated; we all must begin1

from the start as true Liberians and Africans. So. I tell you, they must come, they

are our people.

Q. Will this not be undermining the

revolution and become counter-productive

to the system which you sought to replace.

A. No, it cannot undermine the revolution because the process itself has transformed the people. Those who work in the

interest of the nation, and those against it.

truly understand that the proces_s_ofrevolutiorTcannot be turned back. Now, if these

people come back and they intend to live

the same way they lived in the past . . .

very arrogant, very snobbish, ambitious

and completely unconcerned with the welfare of the Liberian people, then they are

'going to run into very serious problems.

What we are happy abput is that the eyes

of the people are on them and so they will

have to conform. And I tell you something,

a lot of them are working very hard

because as you know an individual was not

born corrupt or reactionary. Society and

attitudes impose these conditions on individuals. So We have a transformation

where the sons and daughters of the

majority of our peopk have moved to

hasten the process. If these people are

coming back, it means, also, that they will

have to be educated as to the kind of

services required of them by the masses

and this is all we ask them to do. If they

don't then, of course, the struggle goes on

until final victory.

Q. Let's talk about external relations

... in particular, those with Sierra Leone.

It seems to many observers that these are

becoming increasingly frosty and uneasy.

What is your country's position?

A. Believe you me, on relations with

Sierra Leone, I can say over the last few

months, we have had some misunderstanding and I won't try to concretise the

misunderstanding. I wouldn't even try to

present it as being antagonistic. No, no,

no. We say in our language that the

misunderstanding between our two countries can be considered as non-antagonistic

contradictions between brothers who are

looking at issues in two different ways. We

do not want the misunderstanding between

our two countries to degenerate into open

hostilities because, we ask ourselves, who

will benefit from the hostilities?

The people of Sierra Leone and Liberia

are brothers and they have always been

brothers. If you travel by road, you don't

even know when you leave Liberia and

enter Sierra Leone. There are Mendespeaking people in Sierra Leone, there are

Mende-speaking people in Liberia; there

are Vais in Liberia, there are Vais in Sierra

Leone: there are Kroos in Liberia, there

are Kroos in Sierra Leone. If we are to

engage in hostility, we'll only be doing a

great disservice to our people. We should

be able to discuss and resolve our problems

like one family.

Q. But surely you can't call the matter

of closing borders — and moving troops

across them — with a neighbour as behaving like a member of one family?

A. Well. I tell you at times even in a

household, you have to close your room

door and argue with your wife. We know

very well that in human relations, you at

times get into little face fight with your wife

or so. But what happens afterwards is that

that relationship becomes stronger with

even greater respect. What I am trying to

sav is that, regardless of what happened in

the past, we want to put this behind us and

sit with our Sierra Leone brothers and

discuss issues. We are members of the

Mano River Union and together with our

sister Ouinea. have more to unite us that

"divide us. This is thejreality.___.___———
Q. What about the claims and counterstatements about refugees on your side of

the borders that are said to have come

from Sierra Leone. What exactly is the

situation?

A. We have some brothers and sisters

from Sierra Leone who are, at the

moment, camped on our side of the

borders. We don't know the circumstances

which have brought them across the border; but we would like the Sierra Leone

Government to tell us what the situation is

from their side of the border.„.Our pronouncement, everyday as you can see, is

again simply based on our fear that as time

goes on, we won't be able, with our limited

resources, to take care of the 3,000 people.

We do not intend to impute motives to

people. No. We are simply asking that

these people be allowed to go back to

wherever they came from. Whatever the'

circumstances, we want them to go back so

that we can divert our necessary resources

to other development projects in the country. •

Q. The Sierra Leone Foreign Minister

Conteh told the press while I was in

Freetown that your arrival in that country

was unexpected, so much so that there was

little time to arrange for you the usual

diplomatic courtesies. Officials in

Freetown saw this as a deliberate attempt

to dramatise and over-play the whole

refugee issue.

A. That's not true. I don't know what

gave them the idea that the usual diplomatic courtesies were not accorded me. As a

matter of fact, for me, Sierra Leone is

home. When I went there, there was a

protocol fellow at the airport to receive me

who jtook me into town. Of course, I got in

contact with all the necessary people at the

foreign office . . . I met brother Conteh

and the next day morning, I delivered to

him the note from my Head of State

because at the time President Siaka

Stevens was in the provinces. I joined my

plane and went back to Monrovia. So I

don't know where people come from

with their own interpretations. I lived in

Sierra Leone for nine years and went to

school in Freetown. We have not been

trying to dramatise or over-play the issue at

all; what we have been doing is bring to the

notice of the Sierra Leone government a

serious situation that has developed at the

borders.

CSO: 3400/1627
LIBERIA

BRIEFS

REFUGEE SECURITY MEASURES—At least ten Sierra Leoneans are crossing into

the border refugee camps in Liberia every day, according to the Liberian

independent Daily Observer newspaper, quoting immigration authorities at

the Mano River Grand Cape Mount county. The paper said the total number of

Sierra Leoneans who have crossed the border into Liberia since the crisis

began is a little over 4,000. Meanwhile, immigration commissioner Edwin

Taye has reinforced strict security measures to prevent the illegal rush of

Sierra Leoneans into the Monrovia area. He said all his men assigned at

various check points have been directed to "thoroughly screen" aliens travelling in and out of the country. Mr Taye warned that any "refugees" found

illegally in the capital area would be dealt with accordingly. [Text]

[London WEST AFRICA in English No 3438, 4 Jul 83 p 1583]

MEASURES AGAINST SHOP OWNERS—Full stringent measures to be taken against shop

owners who charge arbitrarily high prices of commodities and fail to label their

goods with price tags. The measures will be adopted by the Ministry of Commerce.

Friday's edition of the NEW LIBERTAN newspaper quoted Assistant Commerce Minister

J. C. Williams as saying that the shop owners have been given 2 weeks beginning

last Monday to regularize their prices to conform to the ministry's approved price

structures. He said after the grace period a rigid exercise will be instituted

by the ministry to ensure that shop owners operate within the Commerce Ministry's

price index. Mr Williams further said shop owners failing to comply with the

price structures could face a fine of not less than $100 and not more than $10,000,

depending on the gravity of the violation. IText] IAB110930 Monrovia Radio ELWA

in English 0655 GMT 11 Jul 83]

CSO: 3400/1658
MALAWI

GOVERNMENT TO SET UP STORAGE FACILITIES FOR EXCESS BURLEY

Lilongwe MALAWI NEWS in English 18-24 Jun 83 pp 1, 2

[Text] MALAWI is to spend

about K20 million for the

purchase of, and the setting up of handling and

storage facilities for

some 18 million kilograms of excess Burley

tobacco produced in the

country this year. The

excess leaf is to be sold

on the international

market next year, it was

learnt yesterday.

This year Malawi produced an estimated 48 million kilograms ofBurley, 18

million kilograms, more

than the market requirement.

In announcement on

Thursday, the Government effected unprecedented steps aimed at ensuring

a cut-back in the Burl y

production next season so

that this year's excess crop

could be* accommodated in

next year's market requirement.

The spokesman said in.

the K20 million project, the

Government is a shareholder in a joint company that

has already been formed to

raise the funds and make

arrangements for the purchase, processing, storage

and ultimate sale ofthe surplus burley tobacco.

"This is a very costly

project and one hopes that

it is not repeated, because

much money could be

spent in the exercise," the

spokesman stated.

Referring to a new quota

that the Government has

enforced in' a bid to limit

production of Burley tobacco to 20 million kilograms during the 1984

growing season, the spokesman said although the

plan may be viewed as drastic or penalising by some

tobacco growers, it has

many side-effects which

are potentially beneficial to

the nation.

He said the benefits include: The clear need for

smallholder farmers to revert back to the growing of

Fire-cured, Sun/air-cured

and Oriental tobacco —

whose producer prices

were handsomely increased

recently.

The equally urgent need

for estates to diversify production by growing more

cotton, wheat, beans and

groundnuts — among

crops whose demand on the

local and international

markets is said to be limitless. This will place the

agricultural sector on a

sounder basis by reducing

dependence on one crop

and by promoting more efficient land use including

livestock production.

And the Government

will set up more efficient

monitoring and enforcement systems vis-a-vis

agricultural statutory provisions and farmer's activities.

"What we see for the future, after the re-organisation and re-structuring of

burley production is not

only a better tobacco industry, but also a stronger agricultural base that will expand in a planned manner

in response to market demand," the spokesman

concluded.

CSO: 3400/1565

10
MALAWI

IMPROVED NACALA RAIL LINK

Lilongwe MALAWI NEWS in English 18-24 Jun 83 p 4

[Editorial: "Back on the Right Track"]

[

Textl THERE must have been happy smiles on

the faces of plenty of big businessmen this

week at the news that Canada is to finance

repairs and improvements to the Mozambique rail link between the Indian Ocean port

of Nacala and the Malawi border.

The railway line is a vital artery along

which an increasing amount of Malawi's

imports and exports normally flow.

The line has not been in good condition

for some time. During the past rainy season, wash-aways forced many exporters and

importers to seek other routes for their

goods.

Other routes were found. But they were

expensive. Which is why we say today that

the happy smiles about the tripartite agreement between Canada, Mozambique and

the Southern Africa Regional Development

Conference on the K107 million project

should not be confined to businessmen

alone.

However remote, a better rail link to Nacala will affect everyone.

The project will not be completed overnight. But that shouldn't stop the smiles.

The agreement is the first step to getting

international trade back on the right track.

CSO: 3400/1565

11
MALAWI

SAMACO SEEKS ELECTIONS BOYCOTT

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 28 Jun 83 p 1

[Text] The Save Malawi Committee (SAMACO) yesterday called for a total

boycott of elections scheduled for this monthend, in protest against

alleged murders of people within and outside the country.

In a circular released in Lusaka and said to have been sent to Malawi,

SAMACO also paid tribute to Malawians for their "quick response" to the

formation of the committee, adding that the channels of communication which

have been established as well as methods of operation should remain secret.

The statement claims that no one in Malawi has enjoyed freedom, justice or

any fruits of independence apart from the top leadership.

The organisation insisted that President Kamuzu Banda was due to take a

one-year sabbatical.

"SAMACO is not asking you to take the bull by the horns or to take arms

and fight...but just stay at home and keep away from voting, we are for

peace, we hate violence because it breeds violence, but if refusing to

countenance or underpin dictatorship means violence, then SAMACO is not

frightened."

"Malawians and the peace-loving world community must be prepared to do a

little wrong in order to perform a great right in Malawi," SAMACO said.

It added that the call for the elections boycott was a clarion call to

unity.

CSO: 3400/1563

12
NAMIBIA

BROADBASED MEETING EXAMINED PROPOSED STATE COUNCIL

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 30 Jun 83 pp 1, 5

[Text]

A UNIQUE GATHERING in

Windhoek last night made an unprecedented contribution to SWA's

political history when just about the entire party spectrum found themselves in

jthe same room, exchanging ideas on the

proposed State Council.

Attending a discussion

evening on "The State

Council: What the people

feel, what the parties

think," were spokesmen

from the Administrator

General's office, Swapo,

the DTA, Swanu and the

Namibia Independence

Party.

And the spectrum was

further broadened when

outspoken businessman

Mr Eric Lang and a church

leader, Father H

Steegmann also contributed from the floor.

The SWA National

Party, which was invited to

slend a spokesman, did not

attend.

While all the spokesmen

presented their parties'

views, the question of alternative strategies to break

out of the independence

impasse, emerged "as the

central theme with which

all political leaders found

themselves grappling. The

prospects of an all-party

conference were repeatedly

discussed.

And although they did

so from different policy

standpoints, there was

general unanimity - and

surprise - that SWA

political leaders could face

each other under the same,

roof at grass-root level to

state their case.

Further. revelations

about the potential content

and direction of the

proposed State Council

came to light which Mrs

Nora Chase of Swanu

greeted with surprise, saying that none of the parties

had been informed on these

aspects during their recent

talks with the AG, Dr Willie van Niekerk.

Speaking for the AG's

office was Mr Fanuel

Kozonguizi who insisted

~tnat there would be ho outside interference from

South Africa or the AG on

the course taken by the

Council before and after

the proposed national

referendum.

He confirmed that the

Council had the scope to

call for the implementation

of Resolution 435, and to

have AG 8 thrown out in

favour of a new interim

constitution.

"The Council's reconv

mendations are going to be

put to the people, not to the

SA Government and the

results of the referendum

are going to be processed

by the State Council, not

the SA Government or the

AG," Mr Kozonguizi said.

VARIOUS POSSIBILITIES

The minority view in the

Council would not have its

case presented to the

public and various possibilities — such as the

casting of secret ballots

within the body to ensure

that party political lines

were not enforced on

delegates — were open..

"This is not 1975 when

the Turnhalle was run by

the SA Government. This

time you are going to run it

i yourself," . assured the

; AG's spokesman.

He admitted that the

State Council "may not be

a credible' experiment, and

may not be a viable

.implementation."

But between SA's "pre1

occupation with communism" and the UN

"with its' pre-occupation

with SA and apartheid,"

Mr Kozonguizi asked:

"Are the people of

13
Namibia so weak that they

must concentrate on SA

and the UN?"

"If you are given the

chance to state your case,

then you state it."

But Mr Daniel

Tjongarero, who said he

was speaking in his private

capacity and not . for

Swapo, replied that the

State Council was designed 'v

to take the heat off

SWA." : The proposed body "will

assume the responsibilities

of the colonial power" and

should be seen against the

background of SA's inbility to carry out its mandate for the country, Mr

Tjongarero added.

The State Council was

historically "the topping on

the cake" and wasa disguised attempt to offer internal parties a say in the

interm government "to

-avoid the decolonisation

programme."

He also raised the question of whose auspices the

referendum would be held

under.

PRIVILEGE

Referring to the outspokesn DTA leader, Mr

Katutire Kaura, Mr

Tjongarero said during

question time he wished he

had the privilege of talking

"without the Defence Act,

AG 26 and AG9 haning

over my head."

Mrs Othilie Abrahams

of NIP echoed the view

that the State Council was

designed to draw local

political leaders into SA's

administration of SWA.

"The NIP will not participate in a body that

forms part of the oppresive

colonial power."

The party would not

deviate from its policy of

non-collaboration. Neither

was she so politically naive

to believe that the

implementation of Resolution 435 would be a

miracle cure for all the

country's problems.

But Swapo had not been

invited to talkds on the

proposed State Council by

the AG and Swapo should

be included in any all-party

conference which might be

arranged.

The NIP did not regard

Swapo as their enemy, but

SA, Mrs Abrahams said.

ENTHANASIA

"The State Council isa

way of artificially keeping

alive parties that should be

dead. Euthanasia is the

only solution for them,"

she said.

Spokesmen for the DTA

had helped achieve reforms

in SWA by participating in

the National Assembly and i the Ministers' Council but

this view was not taken

seriously by the audience.

Mr Mudge re-affirmed

his belief that independence

elections would not be

themselves solve the

country's biggest problem — achieving mutual conciliation amongst the peopie who were presently

divided along ethnic lines.

ANOTHER DOOR

"Even if the State Council is not a wonderful success, something will come

of it— even if only another

door has been opened.

That is why we support the

State Council," Mr Mudge

said.

Mr Mudge went on to

address the question of an

all-party conference, saying the failure of Swanu's

recent attempt, and the

NIP's previously, was

proof that the internal parties could not

operationalise sucha conference.

He agreed that sucha

conference wasa good

idea,, but said: "We will

have to get someone from

outside to do it for us."

Mr Mudge, like Mr

Kozonguizi, said there

were only two options facing political leaders — taking up arms alongside

Swapo, or negotiating the

country's future.

The NIP's position,

however, was spelled out

by Dr Kenneth Abrahams

who said there wasa third

option which the party was

working on. This consisted

in community work "to

help the people survive in

these troubled economic

times."

SHREDDED

SA's strategic interests

were supreme, and the

State Council's proposals

would be "shredded" if I they clashed with those in- | terests as far as Namibia's

[.future was concerned, Dr I Abrahams said.

Swanu's President, Mr

Moses Katjiuongua said

"only opportunists will say

negotiating with the enemy

is alwaysa waste of time."

And the argument that

there were only two alternative courses of action

was "misleading the

public."

Swanu would usea combination of various activities Mr Katjiuongua

said.

This was partly aimed at

Mrs Abrahams who had

said the NIP refused to

negotiate with the SA

Government— except on

the implementation of : Resolution 435.

Mr Katjiuongua instead

held the position that

Swanu would negotiate

with SA "but not for

L' peanuts," which, in the

party's view, was what the

State Council amounted to.

CSO: 3400/1646

lit
SWANU THREATS OF MASS DEMONSTRATIONS REPORTED

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 29 Jun 83 pp 3, 5

NAMIBIA

[Text]

SWANU yesterday

renewed its appeal to all

pro-independence parties to work together for

a settlement in Namibia,

in the wake of its decision not to take part in

the proposed State

Council.

The decision was taken

at a Swanu consultative

conference during the

weekend, and was explained at a Press conference in Windhoek

yesterday.

In a statement to

newsmen, Swanu President

Mr Moses Katjiuongua

also indicated the party's

future course of action

pending internationally

recognised independence.

Swanu appealed once

more to "the proindependence political

leaders and other responsible people to come

together, through bilateral

consultations, to recapture

the political initiative from

the South African Government and the Administrator General."

He also announced that

Swanu would devise other

forms of peaceful political

struggle, should it become

! "impossible to work

meaningfully within the existing and proposed

political structures."

These would include

mass demonstrations and

protests against "injustices

in the society."

"Boycotts of racist establishments and strikes

against racist and oppresive employers will be

"part of the

he added.

campaign,

NO BENEFITS

On the State. Council,

Mr Katjiuongua said, "We

simply do not see the

benefits of participation for

our party and the people.

"We are not convinced

that the proposed Council

is a meaningful way of using the interim period

'constructively'.

"We do not want to be

, given toys — like the DTA

over the past years - but

tools — political power —

to pull this country out of

the present mess," the

Swanu President said.

The purpose must be to

fight injustices - poverty,

misery and corruption

"and not mere exercises in

constitutional acrobatics."

"Anything we do

now must be an investment^

in the future and not an act

of long-term political

suicide."

CSO: 3400/1646

1*
NAMIBIA

STOP MISLEADING THE PEOPLE, KATJIUONGUA WARNS THE AG

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 29 Jun 83 p 3

[Text]

THE Administrator

General Dr Willie van

Niekerk should "put the

cards on the table" by

publishing a proclamation scrapping the interim constitution AG 8

and clearing the way for

full independence,

Swanu President Mr

Moses Katjiuongua said

yesterday.

Addressing newsmen in

Windhoek to explain the

party's decision not to join

the proposed State Council, Mr Katjiuongua said

the aims of the proposed

body were "extremely

nebulous."

The constitution to be

drafted by the Council

"will not be an independence constitution,

but an interim one."

For this reason "it would

be misleading to make the

participants believe that

they could write anything

they want."

It would be more

"honest and realistic", as

well as necessary for the

South African Government

"to establish the

parameters within which

an interim constitution

could be written."

TWISTING SNAKE

The chances of the

Council becoming an effective instrument for the interim period "have as

many convolutions like a

twisting snake," said Mr

Katjiuongua.

"It also appeared that

'.. there would nö free flow of

ideas among the participants "because delegates

, may not be allowed to vote

as their consciences may

tell them, but they have to

stick to the line of the parties that brought them

there."

He was referring to the

, arrangement that

| nominated delegates could

Jbe recalled by their partic |

at any point in the

proceedings.

And on the DTA majority amongst delegates —

11 parties out of the 16

that have so far agreed to

participate — and the twothirds majority required for

decisions, Mr Katjiuongua

added: "the danger that the

thing will become a

talkshop is enormous."

Tribalism and racialism

were also hidden in the

proposed Council.

PROCRASTINATION

"The fact that racial and

tribal groups who disagree

16
with the outcome of the

nation-wide referendum

may have to be consulted,

and that there is no undertaking that the results of

the two-third majority in

the Council and the

referendum will be

implemented anyway, the

draft constitution could

suffer from a veritable element of procrastination."

"We do not believe that

talking for the sake oftalking will always advance the

cause of progress and

freedom," he said.

•'If the conservative

forces carry the day or this

scheme becomes a stalling

operation, there is no point

for us even to trv to eet in

and then pull out if things

turn out to be sour for us."

That would be an "exercise in futility", and could

"put our political judgment

to a severe test in the

public eye," continued Mr

Katjiuongua.

South Africa must' accept that her goodwill and

the sincerity of her efforts

in Namibia were very often

questioned by the majority

of the people at home and

abroad.

LABYRINTH

"It is incumbent on SA

and Dr Van Niekerk to

pull us out of the present

labyrinth of confusing announcements.

"It is time for SA to

move away from the

methods, mistakes and

failures of the past and try

more credible ways of

resolving her Namibian

dilemma."

Swanu would never participate in any interim ar:

rangement where there was

no possibility to:

• Scrap AG 8 and bring

about national reconciliation;

• Create a political

climate conducive to

economic development;

• Integrate and upgrade

all the essential services including hospitals and

! schools; \

j #~Draw up a comprehen-

• sive reform programme to

deal with the economy, unemployment, housing, land

and the rural areas, the

organisation of local and

regional administration,

the environment, labour

relations, and individual

-rights and obligations;

• Successively

Namibianise all important

positions in the Namibian

armed units, the Police and

all the public services;

• Withdraw the Namibian armed units from the

border war, "to avoid sowing the seeds of a postindependence civil strife";

• Secure the release of

political detainees and

prisoners; and

• Pave the way for internationally recognised independence.

CSO: 3400/1646

17
NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

OKAHANJA BUDGET—The Okahandja municipality this week approved a R2,2m

Budget for 1983/4, providing for surplus of R23 533 after estimated revenues

have been accounted for. Capital expenditure of R430 945 on the building of

pavements (R60 000), provision of electricity (R152 000), water provision

(R56 000), work on the municipal offices (R25 000) and at the Municipality's

workshops (R15 000), are provided for. Okahandja residents and consumers

of municipal services will be affected in the pocket too. Water tariffs

are up by six cent to 34 cent a unit—equal to the hike announced recently

by the Department of Water Affairs. Astronomical basic and monthly electricity tariff hikes are also on the cards. Depending on the cable strength

per outlet, increases in the basic rates varying from 69 to 220 percent were

announced with the Budget. However, the unit tariff for households has been

lowered from seven to 4,5 cent a unit. Large-scale electricity consumers

are in for the pleasant drop from seven cents to 0,057 cent a unit. Other

municipal tariffs to be raised are: —Sewage—from R3,33 to R4 monthly;

—Rubbish removal—from R4 to R5,50 monthly, including two plastic bags

free of charge a week; and —A 20 percent increase in the hire of the

municipal hall. These tariff changes will not come into effect before

October 1, however, when a 12 percent raise on all municipal salaries will

also work its way into employees' pockets. [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK

ADVERTISER in English 30 Jun 83 p 5]

NCDP DEMANDS ACTION—The Namibia Christian Democratic Party has backed the

recent disclosure of a secret Government report confirming worst fears about

the country's financial position and urged the public not to take things

lying down. In a statement released from the party's office in Tsumeb

during the weekend, party chairman Mr Hans Rohr urged the Administrator

General Dr Willie van Niekerk to implement "noteworthy savings" already in

the current financial year and not to wait for the next Budget. This was

to "ensure a more just social climate," the statement said. The NCDP gives

its "wholehearted support" to Mr Lang concerning the revelation of the

"shocking report over the actual financial position of our country," and

Mr Rohr went on to say that he had made repeated warnings in this connection

in the former National Assembly and on other occasions. [Text] [Windhoek

THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 4 Jul 83 p 3]

CSO: 3400/1646

18
MATANZIMA REJECTS PRESIDENT-FOR-LIFE OPTION

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 6 Jul 83 p 2

[Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

CSO: 3400/1648

PRESIDENT Kaiser Matanzima of Transkei has rejec-

: ted the President-for-Life option favoured by two of his

fellow Presidents of South

Africa's nominally independent territories.

In an address to Transkei

Cabinet Ministers and government officials at his pal-

. ace on his return to office

after six weeks' sick leave, he

told them he did not envisage

a life President for Transkei.

His decision is in contrast

with those of President Patrick Mphephu of Venda and

President Lennox Sebe of

Ciskei, who were made President-for-life in May and June

respectively.

In Venda the opposition

Venda Independence Party

(VIP) strongly opposed the

move andls considering whether it should disband in

protest.

The VIP is the only viable

opposition party in the designated "black homeland". It

Won a majority of the elected

seats in both the 1973 and

1978 elections and even today, four years of after independence, still controls more

than half of the 42 elected

seats.

The Ciskei National Assembly consists entirely of

members of President Sebe's

Ciskei National Independence Party and no opposition was offered to the move

to make him life President.

In his address in Umtata

President Matanzima also

turned down the idea of making Transkei a one-party

state by formally forbidding

opposition parties and of converting Transkel's theoretically ceremonial Presidency

into an executive Presidency.

But Transkei is virtually a

de facto one-party state in

that all but two of the 150

seats are held by the ruling

Transkei National Independence Party.

. In addition President Matanzima is known to exercise

a high degree of political control in practice.

President Matanzima

went on to defend the recent

decision to raise his salary to"

R75 000 a year as from July 1,

to give him the biggest salary

cheque of all politicians in

South Africa.

President Matanzima said

it was unfair to typify it with

phrases like "striking it

rich". When he first became

Chief Minister in 1963 his annual salary was a mere

R4 000, he said.

19
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON IMPACT OF NAFCOC SUGGESTIONS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 8 Jul 83 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

IF THE National African Federated

Chamber of Commerce (Nafcoc)

conference in Cape Town is well

placed, then the address by its president Dr Sam Motsuenyane was to

the point,

The people of the Western Cape

are in the throes of the most agonising life and housing problem also

tearing other parts of this country

apart. It would thus have been injudicious for the president of Nafcoc,

which is a somewhat conservative

but widely respected organisation of

black businessmen, to have ignored

their plight.

Among the things Dr Motsuenyane said Were: "The retention of

the strange coloured preference

policy concept and the heavy cost of

social and economic instability suffered by thousands of blacks living

and working in this region is a blatant and intolerable injustice which

must be strongly opposed by all fairminded and peace-loving South Africans." These are strong words

from the kind of organisation noted

for its restraint.

Dr Motsuenyane said the political

agenda in this country cannot be

considered complete as long as

blacks are excluded. He was referring to the new constitutional plans,

we believe, that are causing so much

distress and division in the white

section ofthe population.

, As would be expected from a talk

ranging along those lines, Dr Motsuenyane then touched on the

despicable housing problems in the

area and the on-and-off battle betweensquatters andjrffjciajs^___-^_

"Anywhere in the world, from

Rio de Janeiro to Abidjan and Manila any number of shack-dwellers

will be found, but their shacks will

never be demolished unless alternative accommodation is provided for

them," he said. ,

It is indeed proper that an organisation of respectable businessmen in

Nafcoc should concentrate some of

their attention on such abominable

social ills. They may not have the

kind of clout that would tend to

change government policy,

20
in any event we have always been

•confounded if not deeply distressed

>by the discrimination in the Western

Cape against Africans in favour of

coloureds. We know the reason has

to do with influx control and the

plan to move most blacks into the

'nearby homelands. But with the industrial and social situation as it is

«round the country, this is obviously

a pipe-dream. This is what was said

about Soweto when government

policy categorically stated that urban blacks here were temporary sojourners. It could hardly work.

Perhaps Dr Motsuenyane and his

colleagues should point out these

anomalies in government policy.

When evil measures such as these

iwill eventually be scrapped why is it

I necessary to continue the anguish

for the people?

!: It goes even further than that.

Whenever there is a confrontation

[between squatters and officials, the

whole world becomes interested and

I the spotlight settles on the country.

I There is then widespread vilification

of government polky — as should be

I expectedjn the case where lives are

I involved. ...

Businessmen in organisations like

JNafcoc will not bring about swift

! and dramatic change. There is however no doubt that with the passing

of time some of their suggestions are

[adopted, however, reluctantly by

I the Government.

CSO: 3400/1633

21
SOUTH AFRICA

INCREASING GROWTH OF GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY NOTED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 26 Jun 83 p 33

[Article by Ivor Wilkins]

[Text] South Africa's bureaucracy could be on the threshold of new records.

Given that the most dynamic force in any public service is expansion,

infinite possibilities for rampant growth become available with the new

constitution.

Already, apartheid has ensured a bureaucracy of possibly unique duplication,

structured around the separation of the races. It has also generated job

descriptions undreamed of in the most fertile clerical imaginations abroad.

Where else could employment for thousands of people be provided out of

classifying true blue South Africans into something like 20 different

ethnic hues all needing to be bossed into their appointed places and stations

in life?

The spin-offs of that effort alone have been intensely gratifying for

bureaucratic expansionists, creating bizarre careers for sex-across-thecolour-line snoopers, park-bench signwriters, beach inspectors, not to mention ethnic landscapers who fashion whole new countries and busy themselves

shifting 3,5-million people around the map to match their schemes.

Plus, of course, the equally industrious clerks who issue permits to disobey

all the carefully laid injunctions of the other clerks.

C. Northcote Parkinson, that iconoclastic derider of civil services, framed

the now-famous law which demonstrated that bureaucracies develop their own

expansion dynamic and tend to grow at something like 5,6 percent a year

quite regardless of whether they have any real function to perform at all.

He found, for example, that the civil servants running the Royal Navy grew

from 4 000 in 1914 when Britain commanded the largest navy in the world, to

33 000 in 1967, for a navy virtually extinct.

South Africa's public service is beset with staffing shortages but nevertheless has made valiant efforts to confirm Parkinson's growth.

22
Last year, its complement grew by 10 472 posts to 240 410-an increase of

4,6 percent.

When the new constitution comes into operation, the growth potential,

given a little bureaucratic enterprise, will rocket.

The division of functions into general and own affairs that is central to

the whole philosophy of the new deal could spark enormous multiplication.

Even in purely technical departments, like agriculture and water affairs,

there are going to be own and general divisions.

This means that where there is now one department, in future there will

be four distinct elements of that department.

One element will be for the administration of general aspects, one for

whites, one for coloureds and one for Indians.

Voila. Four mini bureaucracies suddenly let loose on the world.

As Parkinson has found, it is elemental to any bureaucracy that it must

grow, grow, grow. And its growth need bear no relation at all to the

workload.

»The rise in those employed would be much the same whether the volume of

the wort were to increase, diminish or even disappear," Parkinson reckons.

Also fundamental to bureaucracies is that the more they grow the more

people there are on whom to pass the proverbial buck and the longer it

takes for decisions to emerge.

An example of this came in the course of researching this piece.

In an effort to get the views of the Public Servants' Association, I

calSd tnSr office in Pretoria, learned that their president Dr Colin

Cameronfwas at another number, where I learned he was actually m Durban

until next week.

Back at the first number I had to explain the topic of my inquiry to the

sStchboard operator, who put me through to the secretary, Mr Casper van

RenXrg, who reckoned this was a subject for the deputy manager Mr J C

Olivier! who suggested Dr Cameron and finally insisted that only the chief

executive, Mr R.H. Landman, could discuss the matter.

Inevitably, Mr Landman was not available at the time. He was talking

to the Minister.

Four senior people and a switchboard operator had thus busied themselves

lollectively for more than an hour to precisely no result whatsoever other

than avoiding the subject.

23
With government departments multiplying into four distinct elements—each

naturally jealously guarding its patch—whole subjects could disappear

forever.

One would imagine then that South Africa's civil servants on the edge of a

veritable growth binge would be jaunting about with a new spring in their

step and an acquisitive gleam in their eye.

Instead, most of them display no such excitement.

Indeed, the whole new plan might be a case of politicians rushing in where

even bureaucrats fear to tread.

"We shudder to think of all the implications," said one.

"Where the people are going to be found to run the new show, I simply do

not know. We are just groping in the dark."

Questions like these prompted Opposition MP Pierre Cronje to ask the Minister

of Internal Affairs, Mr F.W. de Klerk, whether his department was investigating the restructuring of the public service, which departments would be

affected, how many posts would be required and how much extra would it

all cost.

The reply was that the matter was being investigated and the information

required would be available only after the new constitution had been

finalised.

Mr Cronje has expressed concern about this before. During the Manpower

Budget Vote he predicted the new dispensation would be an administrative

nightmare.

"It increases the number of contact faces between the private sectored

the departments and also between departments by three- or four-fold," he

said.

The creation of four bureaucracies would be a tremendous drain on manpower

in the higher skills and would certainly add to the cost of government.

"There may be some spin-off owing to the increased demand for paper and

wastepaper baskets, but I do not think that outweighs the disadvantages,"

he said.

Head of the Commission for Administration Mr Jimmy van der Merwe is no

stranger to Parkinson's Law, a phenomenon he says fills him with dread.

"In the normal course of events, one of our greatest challenges is just

to contain Parkinson's Law," he said. "That is always our endeavour."

As to the future, he made what was a common response from officials:

"The chief instrument in all this—the constitution—is still a matter

under discussion in Parliament."

2h
While the model was still under debate, it was not possible for the

public service to take decisions, although some practical aspects were

being investigated.

"Once the model is determined, one of our jobs will be to tell the Government all the practical implications," he said.

Just running the three chambers of Parliament (wherever they may be

situated) is going to be a major additional task.

Parliamentary officials have unhappy memories of the burdens of the

old two-chamber system, when the Senate still operated.

Providing administrative back-up for a new Parliament—where incidentally,

some 390 MPs will represent 8-million whites, coloureds and Indians compared

with America's 570 public representatives for 220-million people—will be

an entirely new ball game.

Secretary of Parliament Mr J. Victor said apart from two assistant secre- ?:::L.

taries, no new appointments had been made in anticipation.

"We are waiting for the final outcome of the constitution," he said. "We

cannot put the cart before the horse."

Given the sequence forced on the bureaucracy, at least two conclusions

seem obvious:

—Despite a commitment to a more streamlined bureaucracy, the Government's

plan holds the potential for unprecedented expansion and will tax Mr van der

Merwe's talents for combating Parkinsonian expansion to the utmost.

However, perhaps this should not be surprising:

Under this Government, "rationalisation" has resulted in two more Cabinet

jobs and three more deputy ministerships than previously.

—And it will take years to bring the administrative machinery in line with

the constitution.

While there will be political divisions of functions and operations into

the minutiae of own and general affairs, it seems highly unlikely that

the bureaucracy will be able to match that in any watertight sense for a

long time.

Who knows? By then, the simple logistics of trying to implement so strange

a philosophy might even steer a Government, steeped in a long tradition of

attempting the unlikely, into a more sensible course.

CSO: 3400/1624

25
SOUTH AFRICA

CONSTITUTION SEEN OPENING UP HOPE FOR MEANINGFUL CHANGE

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 29 May 83 p 24

[Article by Willie Esterhuyse: "The Catch-22 Afflicting White Politics"]

[Text]

IN his contribution to Constitutional Forum

(May 15), Professor Marinus Wiechers developed a very convincing argument against the

jnew constitution.

i The main thrust of his argument was based on premises with which I can find no fault.

If I am not completely off the mark, his article implies that

the Constitutional Bill should be allowed to rest in peace in a

filing cabinet and that we should start again from scratch.

* This poses a very crucial question: Is this expectation, seen

from a political point of view, a realistic one?

All kinds of criteria for a process of constitutional reform

could be stated.

One could list, as Professor

Wiechers has done so excellently, various principles and aims

that should be honoured in the

making of a new constitution.

This, unfortunately, is but

one, albeit important, side of the

coin.

The other equally important

side of the coin is related to the

question of whether a particular

process of constitutional reform

is politically feasible or not.

When one talks about constitutional reform, one cannot ignore questions like: what are the

options of a ruling^arty in view

(.of the political context and culture it has to operate in and is it

: in a position to move dramatically from situation A to situation B?

? These questions deal with the

jvital issue of the political feasibility, the rate and the extent of

constitutional reforms.

i Obviously the answer to these

questions is determined by the

'nature ofthe political culture in

which the reform-initiating party has to operate.

A new constitution does not

«volve in a political vacuum —

sits aims, scope and rate are determined by political factors.

Inhibiting

In some instances, tactics of

reform are of more importance

than the content of reform.

South Africa is, in my opinion, a

icase in point.

I In a politically fragmented

society like ours, a constitutional reformer needs a strong and

.stable base of power and authority. He cannot allow himself the

luxury of making too many opponents and enemies among

the ranks of those from which he

«has to draw his electoral

Isupport.

^Whether one likes it or not,

Ifinds it disgusting or not, the

ifact of the matter is that the

realities of so-called "white

politics", the bedevilling influences of racial prejudices,

, apartheid structures, decades of

white superiority and preferential treatment, vested interests

and the luxury of having been

spoilt politically and economically from cradle to grave, make

our political culture an extremely inhibiting factor in the

attempt to execute meaningful

and dramatic constitutional

•reforms.

So-called "White politics"

finds itself in more than one way

in a "Catch 22" — if not absurd

— situation.

The Conservative Party

blames the ruling party for integrationist and liberal policies..

According to it, because of

! the Government's constitutional

sproposals, the NP is selling

-whites down a black drain.

p The PFP, on the other hand,

\ regards the new constitution as

an entrenchment of apartheid

and a mockery of democratic

values.

Hopefully, the truth lies

somewhere in the middle.

Whatever the case might be,

: the fact of the matter is that the

NP could not afford to move in a

more dramatic way on the constitutional issue.

26
The one and only beneficiary

of such an endeavour would not

have beenjSputh Africa or those

:clässified as persons of colour; it

would have been the rightwing

parties. And that, surely, will be

a situation "too ghastly to

contemplate!"

':. In view of this, I would like to

stress that a sound theoretical

and normative approach to constitutional reform, necessary

and important as it might be, is

but one side of the coin.

To describe and analyse a situation A, and to design a situation B that should be preferable

to A, is of vital-importance.

However, for the coin to be of

any value, one should take serious note of its other side; the

feasibility of proposals in view

of the political culture in which

they have to be implemented

and put into practice.

In South Africa, we do not

have too many options in this

respect.

The scope and rate of reforms

are rather limited. To put it

; bluntly: for the ruling party to

follow some of the advice given

to it would amount to political

suicide.

It must be remembered that

the split in the NP did not take

; place on a side issue, but on the 1 constitutional issuö itself. To be

more precise: the dividing chisel

i was a concept — "healthy

I power sharing .

One need not be a prophet to

• predict what will happen if the

pssüe becomes real andeffective

; power sharing. This idea is so

I alien to rank-and-file support-

; ers of the ruling party that it

amounts to sheer political naJ.rvete to expect the NP to propound this idea in all its

consequences.

Moreover, to expect from the

NP, given the nature of its constituency and the real threat

posed by the CP, to strike one or

other kind of formal alliance

Lwith the PFP on constitutional

; issues is such a far-fetched idea

^that one need not waste too

J'many words on it.

For all practical purposes

and in view of what I have said

;

thus far, we are left with what

: we have on the table: the new

Constitutional Bill.

Does itleave us with any hope

; for the future? Or do we find

lourselves in a stalemate

rsituation?

| Inadequacies

f The list of inadequacies of the

f;Bill is substantial and, in some

[instances, even glaring. The Bill

(also failed rather dismally to

generate the kind of widespread

enthusiasm one would have

liked to witness with regard to a

new constitution and which

»would have given one reason to

'believe that the Bill, at this

stage, dould lay claim to a fairly

large measure of legitimacy.

I Our constitutional gurus will

have to accept that having a

proposed Bill accepted as law in

t Parliament does not guarantee

its legitimacy. This is determined by the extent to which

, people identify themselves with

its content and aims.

* A very glaring inadequacy is

the restricted role of the judiciary in terms of the new

constitution.

In one sense, the new constitution is a step forward. By extending the powers of the executive branch of government, a

, move was made to explode the

19th-century liberal myth of the

political sovereignty of

^Parliament.

In a process of reform — and

we have just started with that

process — a strong and stable

executive is a necessary prerequisite. However, by restricting

the role of the judiciary, our

constitution-makers in one way

or another retained the liberal

idea of political sovereignty.

! It is up tothe State President

i to decide whether a matter

'should be regarded as common

S or communal. This state of afi fairs does not give any reason

I for enthusiasm.

i So-called common and communal matters are related to

} rights, and the political processes, especially in our country, do

not have the kind of record on

the maintenance of rights that

would have set my mind at

»peace.

[ A decisive role for the judiciatry in this respect seems a

necessity.

? It is not my intention to dwell

on the technical inadequacies of

I the Bill. Of vital importance is

the question whether the new

constitution opens up the kind of

possibilities that would leave us

with some hope for a future process of more meaningful

change.

27
Bargaining

Personally, I am of the opinion that it does. In spite of the

entrenched position of the white

ruling party in the new constitution, the coloured and Asian participants are in a bargaining

position.

To keep the constitution on

the road, any ruling party will

inevitably have to strike bargains and compromises with the

coloured and Asian participants.

. If it does not, or even worse,

does not want to, the new dispensation will be the breeding

place of conflict that the President, the white majority party

or President's Council will not

be able to resolve.

Only a cynic could believe

that the NP would enter a dispensation with the intention of

creating conflicts.

The fact of the matter is that

coloureds and Asians will become partners, albeit junior

partners, in a dispensation

which needs their co-operation

to function relatively

successfully.

If nothing else, their presence

in Parliament must inevitably

have far-reaching consequences

for prevailing attitudes and

structures.

I Sensitive

j: The Coloured Persons' Repre-

! sentative Council was a toothless institution. It is a completely different story in the new

dispensation — in spite of the

entrenched "white dentistry!"

For the first time in many

decades, white people in government will have to listen seriously to what people, classified in

terms of their colour, have to

say on political matters.

Moreover, they will be compelled to act in a more sensitive

and compromising way than we

have witnessed thus far.

In conclusion, I would like to

mention that the entrenched position of the white majority party and the powers of the President could turn out to be a bonus

for reform.

Given the nature of our socalled "white political culture",

the new constitutional structure

provides a better platform from

which more meaningful reforms

could be launched.

A strengthening of the executive arm of government is in

more than one instance a necessary condition for meaningful

reforms. .

If the new constitution is regarded as a growth point — and

no one in his rightmind can look

at it otherwise — it has the potential to become a bridging

mechanism to a more just South

Africa.

CSO: 3400/1624

28
SOUTH AFRICA

GENERAL MALAN'S WARNING TO PRESS HIT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jul 83 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

WE DON'T think General Magnus Malan has

any valid grounds for warning newspapers

not to aid the country's enemies by publishing "lies" and communist propaganda.

"Up to now the Government has been very

lenient on newspapers but in future the Government will not allow this to continue," he

said at theweekend.

He hinted that the Defence Act might be applied more strictly to the media in future because ofthe "lies".

We do not, for our part, think the Defence

Act has been applied leniently.

Newspapers are very wary about publishing

contentious reports about the Defence

Force.

They are well aware that the military are able

to throw the Defence Act at them if they

transgress.

If you wonder why there are no articles exposing conditions in the forces that may be less

than desirable, it is because the newspapers

are unable to report openly and fearlessly

aboutsuchmatters when they arise.

Everything concerning defence must be referred to the DefenceForce for clearance.

So, when the Ministersays that he has ordered

public relations officers in the Government

not to comment on "lies" dished up by newspaper reporters because comment would give

the "lies" a certain amount of credibility, he

is tampering with a system that his own

people insist on.

For example, if there is a report overseas

about arms purchases, it must be referred to

theDefence Force.

29
If there are claims, say, by Angola, of military

operations by or against the SADF, they

must be referredto theDefence Force.

As a "typical" example of the "lies" about

which he complains, General Malan cites a

recent report by a journalist in Mozambique

that South Africa was planning to attack the

former Mozambique colony and that the Mozambican forces had been placed on fiüT

_alert. ___-—

"The report was sent out after we haaTnrarmed the country's government at diplomatic

level that we were going to hold another

army exercise near the border. This was done

outofcourtesytothat government."

B South African newspapers published the report, mat does not mean they were aiding the

enemy.

lie fact that South African forces were not

going to attack Mozambique was soon evident — and the credibility of the source

whichputout the reportwas damaged.

Besides, if the Defence Force had denied the

report — as it has denied other similar messages — this would have been picked up by

foreign correspondents as well and sent to

their newspapers overseas.

In other words, newspapers here would have

been instrumental in destroying such false

propaganda.

Besides, if newspapers here cannot publish

what neighbouring countries claim, we

wouldn't know whatthe "enemy" issaying.

The vacuum would be filled with rumours far,

more startling and unfounded, and calculated to cause dismay, despondency or fear

among the civilianpopulation;

The SADF's credibility would also be undermined if the Minister clamped down any further on newspapers so that they were not

allowed to publish anything except what was

officially allowed.

It would be a form of censorship that would be

recognised immediately as such — not just

here, but by the media^ and governments

abroad.

Our view is that the Defence Department

should lay offthe newspapers, which play the

game even to the extent of imposing selfcensorship on many occasions.

Any threat to the Press is a threat to the public's right to know what is happening in and

around the country.

Unfortunately, it looks more and more as if

the Government is determined to create a

climate in which newspapers find it increasi ingly difficult to report on defence, police

I and otherissues.

I Itis a tendency thatshould be abandoned.

CSO: 3400/1633

30
SOUTH AFRICA

PROPOSED FORMATION OF GREATER SOWETO COUNCIL SPARKS CONTROVERSY

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 11 Jul 83 p 7

[Article by Sam Mabe]

[Text]

jTHE recently proposed

amalgamation of the

Dobsonville, Diepmeadow and Soweto councils

into a single Greater Soweto Council, has

sparked off such a fiery

controversy among the

leaders of the three

councils that the trio

have at times been on the

; verge ofjumping into the

boxing ring to sort out

theirdifferences.

Mr David Thebehali,

of the Soweto Council,

has supported the idea

since it was mooted earlier this year. He saw it

as the best way of facilitating the administration

pfthe area because ofits

geographic unity.

But Mr I B Mashao,^

; of Dobsonville, and Mr

J C Mahuhushi, of Diepmeadow, were suspicious of the proposal

; and they dismissed it at

first sight. To them, it

was a ploy to get their

councils to help in pay!

ing off the Sowetc«

Council's R18-million

deficit. '

They gave other rea-j

sons which includedl

[among others, their de-1

sire to retain their separate identities. If the

analysis given by Mr

I Thebehali onthe deficits

j of the three councils is

correct, the Soweto

Council's deficit is no

worse than that of the

other two.

DEFICIT

We said Dobsonville

had 4 000 houses and an

annual deficit of Rl-mUlion against Soweto's

76 000 houses and a

deficit of R18-million. If

Dobsonville were to

have 76 000 houses and

a deficit of Rl-million

for every 4 000 of them,

its total deficit would

come to R19-million.

Dobsonville and

Diepmeadow had hoped

that the Black Local

Authorities Bill soon to

be passed by Parliament

was going to grant them

city status.

But Mr John Knoetze, chairman of the

West Rand Administration Board, who is also

31
in favour of amalgamation, said earlier that it

was the Soweto Council

alone which stood a

chance of being granted

autonomy because of its

Isize.

He also said it would

^be a luxury to haveJhree

mayors, three ävic

centres, three town

clerks, three chief engineers and three separate

budgets being submitted

to the Government for

funding. !

LOGIC

Mr Thebehali said

earlier this year that it

only required logic for

one to understand that it

was easier and much

cheaper to run one administration instead of

three. He also based his

argument on the fact

that geographically the

three areas could not be

seen as separate entities.

It has been argued in

some quarters that Mr

Mashao and Mr Mahuhushi oppose the amalgamation because they

fear that their positions

as "mayors" of Dobsonville and Diepmeadow

respectively, would be

in jeopardy after amalgamation since there

j would have to be only

; one mayor for the whole

of Soweto.

But the hue and cry

raised against amalgamation would seem unwarranted as there is

clear evidence showing

that the Government is

i going to amalgamate the

three councils despite

their opposition.

The Soweto Council's !

"mayor" has been pro-1

vided with a mayoral car

and, about a year ago, a

R100 000 house was

built for him in Pimville.

And there is not even

the slightest indication

that the same could be

in the offing for the

other two "mayors".

AUTONOMY

Recently, when

names of townships that

are to be granted autonomy in terms of the

new law were announced, Dobsonville

and Diepmeadow jwere

not among them. This is

in spite of applications

they made that they also

be granted autonomy.

The two councils do

not have civic centres of

their own and although

the Soweto Council has

one in Jabulani, a new

and much bigger civic

centre is currently being

constructed at a cost of

R4,l-million opposite

the existing one.

Mr Thebehali would

not confirm nor deny

i the necessity of building

a new civic centre. Butit

I is clear that the new

: centre is to cope with

the expected increase in

the workload the Soweto Council will be

faced with after amalgamation.

And the fact that

work on the new centre

has been started even

before finality has been

reached on the question

of amalgamation, is a

stronger indication that

Mr Mashao and Mr Majhuhushi's feelings on the

issue are of no consequence. _ _.

CSO: 3400/1633

32
SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE USE OF TEARGAS TO BREAK UP HIGH SCHOOL DEMONSTRATION REPORTED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 12 Jul 83 pp 1, 4

[Article by Mono Badela]

[Text]

CAMOUFLAGE police yesterday fired

tear-smoke cannisters to disperse more

than 1000 schoolkids at a Soweto

school who have rejected the return of a

white principal.

The more than 1 250 pupils at the Ibhongo

High School in Dlami-ii have been refusing to

attend classes since the principal, Mr R T

Venter, took over from another white principal, a Mr Schnei. Mr Venter had earlier this

year received a big farewell after being promoted by the Department of Education and

Training.

When Mr Venter returned to the school as principal, the pupils rejected his presence and demanded

his immediate removal.

During the rumpus yesterday as pupils scattered

in different directions, the police held a car belonging to The SOWETAN and the driver. They also

confiscated a spool of film belonging to photographer, Len Kumalo.

Colonel G May insisted that the driver and the car

would be released if Kumalo submitted all his films.

However, the driver and the car were released after

90 minutes.

The shooting of cannisters followed a decision by

the Department of Education and Training that the

opening of the third term would be delayed because

the past week had disrupted the orderly opening and

the functioning ofthe educational programme.

Earlier yesterday, Mr IJ Loubser, an inspector of

the Department of Education and Training, had distributed circulars informing the pupils that the^

school had been temporarily closed.

But the pupils "refused to leave the school premises even when Mr Venter, using a loud speaker,

announced that the re-opening date would be broadcast on all radio channels and on SABC-TV.

On Friday the pupils closed all the classrooms and

stood outside in protest at Mr Venter's presence.

Police were called in but they maintained a low profile.

A pamphlet entitled "Enough is Enough" was

yesterday also distributed among the pupils calling

for the immediate removal of the principal. It

claimed that Mr Venter treated the school as his

own possession.

The pamphlet claimed that Mr Venter, in a bid to

economise for the building of a stadium for the

school in 1980, had supplied the pupils with an 80

page exercise book for mathematics and history.

"Examination fees were increased to R16 for JC

candidates because the stadium was to cost RS C'CO.

This was later decreased to R8 but we never received any refunds," the pupils claimed.

The pamphlet also claimed that Mr Venter was

the first principal in 1981 to put into practise the age

limit regulation in Soweto.

"No other high school put the regulation into operation. It therefore goes without saying that Mr

Venter wants to frustrate us. Many pupils are still

suffering as a result of this."

The pupils also claimed that since his return last

week," Mr Venter had threatened several pupils

about the age limit regulation. They pointed out that

much as they wanted to continue with their education, they were not prepared to have Mr Venter

back. :

33
WHENEVER THERE is simmering

unrest in one of our township

schools, particularly in places like

1 Soweto, those who experience the

most anguish are the working parents.

The sooner such tension or unrest

is nipped in the bud, the better for

all of us. We might just mention

here that the action of the police at

Ibhongo High School yesterday

seemed unnecessarily aggressive.

We find it most serious that such

strong-arm tactics which have a tra-

| gic history should be repeated with

such nonchalance by the law.

The trouble at Ibhongo is perhaps

a domestic one where the students

believe the presence of one of their

officials is an unhappy one. They |

have since added more grievances to

their list, something which should

have been foreseen and stopped be-

, fore now.

The situation in township schools

: is most sensitive for reasons we will

try to detail. Most parents are unfortunately and perhaps unavoidably out ofthe townships for most of

the day. They do not know what is

: happening at the schools their children attend and if they do, it often

happens after the event.

X : 'Any intervention ana "purely

'physical control on the part of the

parents is virtually impossible.

It is perhaps unnecessary to put

rthe blame on the parents for not

being more attentive to what might or

might not be happening to this very

important area of their lives. The

reasons for that are legion, and lack

of discipline is not amongst them, as

: has been alleged in the past.

I Parents thus place the almost total

responsibility of their children on

teachers and others involved in education. This is an immense responsiI bility which should in fact be jeal-

; ously guarded by such officials.

They are also au fait with the vai rious tensions, the various shifts in

township life affecting the children

they teach and are therefore in a

very good position to control, to stop

and even direct action.

Something must be said and very

strongly too about the presence of

the police at such situations in the

townships. It really is about time

I that those in charge realised the

emotive nature of having their men

at hand when presumed trouble is

reported.

We understand their role is to

maintain law and order. But they

must by now know that the complexity of problems in the townships

seems to be fuelled even further by

their very appearance. It is an unfortunate thing, even an unnatural

thing.

CSO: 3400/1633

3U
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK SASH TO TAKE ACTION AGAINST WRAB

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 12 Jul 83 p 5

[Article by Len Maseko and Mono Badela]

[Text]

IN A move that could

give more clarity on the

historic Rikhoto ruling,

the Black Sash is to take

legal action against the

West Rand Administration Board (Wrab) for

refusing to grant permanent urban rights to migrant workers from independent homelands.

Black Sash national

president Mrs Sheena

Duncan told The SOWETAN yesterday that

her organisation was referring all cases in which

migrants had been "illegally and unlawfully"

turned away by Wrab to

lawyers.

CONTROVERSY

This latest round of

controversy surrounding

the Rikhoto judgment

follows Wrab's

statement last week, distinguishing between two

types of migrant workers — those from independent homelands and

those from other rural

areas. Migrants from independent homelands,

in order to get the Section 10 (1) b qualifications, had to have completed 10 to 15 years'

continuous employment

before these territories

became independent,

Wrab said.

If the migrants applying for the city rights

only completed the term

of service after independence then they could

not claim their qualification under the Rikhoto

ruling, according to

Wrab's interpretations.

Meanwhile several

workers on the East

Rand have been granted

the right to stay permanently in the cities by

the local administration

boards. The workers,

whose applications were

processed in Pretoria

immediately after the

Rikhoto judgment was

handed down, can now

bring their families to

stay with them in the urban areas.

Among the successful

applicants are Tembisa

' Hostel inmates Samuel

Mogaramedi and Reuben Sethoba, whose reference books were

stamped on July 4.

Mrs Duncan said yesterday: "By turning

away migrant workers

from independent

states, Wrab was acting

quite illegally and unlawfully . We are

handing all the cases to

the lawyers, in a bid to

press Wrab to r.rant

these workers the urban rights."

She said one worker

from Transkei applying

for city rights was yesterday told at Wrab's offices in town to "bring a

letter from Prime Minister Matanzima, giving

him permission to seek

the qualifications".

CSO: 3400/1633

35
SOUTH AFRICA

PROFESSOR SPOTLIGHTS DEARTH OF SCIENCE TEACHERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 83 p 14

[Text]

BLOEMFONTEIN.

— More than 60 percent of teachers of natural sciences and

mathematics were

under-qualified, Professor Wynand Mouton, Rector of the University of the Orange

Free State and chairman of the SABC

Board, said at the 10th

national convention of

teachers of Mathematics, physical science

and biology at the university yesterday.

Figures showed that at

the senior secondary level

60,7 percent and at junior

secondary level 65,6 percent were under-qualified.

This must affect the

quality of education. It

implied that daily a large

number of teachers stood

in front of their pupils

with the task of conveying

concepts which they,

themselves, had not completely mastered, said

ProfMouton.

Prof Mouton said the

country was indebted to

those teachers who, despite inadequate qualifications, came to the fore

and took on the enormous task of teaching

mathematics and physical

science.

It was a fact that, in the

midst of a shortage of adequately qualified teachers, relatively few classes

Md no mathematics OT

physicalscience teachers.

Plea

Prof Mouton added his

voice to the many pleas

that teachers should be

better equipped for the

task they performed.

"It is urgently important that all useful research results regarding

education which promotes maximum learning

as well as the best educational technology should

be applied to equip and

prepare these teachers

better," he said.

"It was important to

note that several institutions had started to pay

attention to special

l courses for mathematics

and physical science

teachers. This could only

: be commended.

The existence of such a

large number of underqualified teachers (almost!

10 000) required sound

co-operation between the

various departments of

Education, diversifies

and colleges to co-ordinate the application of resources and manpower,

he added.

Prof Mouton said it was

gratifying to know that an

investigation into the

present situation had

shown that certain necessary structures already

existeü. ~

Emphasis, therefore,

rhad to be placed on co-ordination and liaison.

IWhere the necessary

structures and liaison

mechanisms did not exist,

urgent attention would

Iiave to be paid to establishing them.

Prof Mouton emphasised that it had-become

essential to accord the

[correct priorities within

national budgets to this

matter.

CSO: 3400/1633

36
PROFESSOR RESIGNS, CLAIMS SABRA FAILED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jul 83 p 11

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

CAPE TOWN. — Prof

Christo Viljoen, a Stellenbosch academic, has

resigned from the South

African Bureau of Racial

Affairs (SABRA) on the

grounds that he can no

longer associate himself

with the direction followed by the organisation.

He said yesterday he

found SABRA's recent

study document rejecting

the Government's constitutional proposals unacceptable and regarded the

organisation's idea for a

Coloured homeland as

"nonsensical."

Prof Viljoen! Dean of

the Faculty of Engineering atthe University of

Stellenbosch, had been a

life member of SABRA

since 1968.

Speaking from Stellenbosch, he confirmed that

he had submitted his resignation to Sabra in writing.

He is known to be an

enthusiastic supporter of

the Government's constitutional proposals.

Prof Viljoen said he

had tolerated recent

trends in the organisation,

"with great patience." He

was not happy with the direction followed by the

organisation in the past

year.

He was convinced that

SABRA no longer maintained an unprejudiced

opinion on and a scientific

approach to racial affairs.

He could not associate

himself with SABRA's latest direction.

Prof Viljoen said he

found it regrettable that

an organisation which

could have made an important contribution to

sound race relations and

to the search for solutions

.to South Africa's most

urgent problems had

"failed completely" in

thisrespect.

Under present circumstances SABRA coulanot play any significant

role in South Africa's interest and the organisation's attitude could only

be a divisive factor in

Afrikaner ranks, ProfVilf joensaid.—Sapa.

CSO: 3400/1633

37
ZIMBABWEAN BUSINESSMEN ADDRESS NAFCOC CONGRESS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 8 Jul 83 p 4

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

TRADE links between

South Africa and Zimbabwe would continually

be undermined as long

as political, economic

and social institutions in

South Africa were undemocratic.

This was told to about

800 delegates at the 19th

annual National African

Federated Chamber of

Commerce (Nafcoc)

congress by a director of

a top Zimbabwe company, Mr H M Munangatire, this week.

He said it is no secret

that the Government

and people of Zimbabwe found the political system of apartheid'

in^outh^Africa^ajLJS^

sault on the human conscience.

Most disturbing, he

said, was that the South

African Government

was attempting to export the doctrines of

apartheid through attempts to destabilise

Zimbabwe.

WEALTH

He said: "These political factors may appear extraneous at such

a gathering of businessmen, but the fact remains that these factors

impinge on our ability as

people engaged in com-

: merce to -work together

[effectively, to launch

! joint ventures and generally plan for the economic development of

our region."

i He said however, that

I despite these reservations, given the ideal

\ conditions "we want to

i work with all the business community here,

black, white or brown.

Wealth has no colour".

"We believe we can

learn from your experience and expertise in various fields and you

i from us.

1 "We believe the various infrastructures we

have in our country

could be deployed for all

who live in this region

and we also believe that

the resources that

abound in our respective^

countries can be harnessed to our mutual advantage, and that of the

generations that shall

follow us."

: Mr Munangatire said:

"We remain steadfast in

our conviction that the

possibility and the

probability of such commercial co-operation

would be impossible as

long as the political,

economic and social institutions in this country

are undemocratic."

He said: "The chali lenge facing us all therehfore in Southern Africa

1

is the urgent removal of

l those barriers which dii vide us." — Own CorreIspondent.

CSO: 3400/1633

38
SOUTH AFRICA

GERRIT VILJOEN DENIES PRESSING FOR COLORED HOMELANDS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Jul 83 pp 1, 2

[Article by Fred de Lange]

[Text]

THE man who cancelled the South African

Bureau for Racial Affairs R70 000 annual

grant, Dr Gerrit Viljoen, yesterday denied

allegations that he had

once advocated the

idea of homelands for

Coloureds.

Dr Viljoen, Minister of

Education, and a former

chairman of Sabra, was

reported in a Sunday

newspaper yesterday to

have said that Sabra had:

made a study into the

possibility of a homeland

for Coloureds while he

was the chairman, but

that it had been found

that such a homeland

'jwoiild notbeleasäble.

-'•' He told Rapport South

Africa had had good leaders in past decades and

that they would have

started a homeland for

Coloureds if it had been

possible.

"Studies in the past

have shown that a homeland for Coloureds could

not work," he said.

The chairman of Sabra,

Professor Carel Boshoff,

said earlier this week that

Dr Viljoen advocated the

jidea of a homeland for

Coloureds while he (Dr

Viljoen) had been the

chairman ofSabra.

Development

"Dr Viljoen told a

Sabra youth congress in

1970 that a homeland for

Coloureds would be the

only route for the political

development of Coloureds,"

ProfBoshoffsaid.

He said Dr Viljoen also

told an ASB congress in

Pretoria later that year

the same thing, and even

had discussions on the

possibility of ä homeland

for Coloureds with the

Prime Minister at the

time.

| "We at Sabra did not

pluck the idea of a homeland for Coloureds out of

the air. Dr Viljoen gave

|is the idea in 1970," he

said.

E: DrBoshoff also warned

that Dr Viljoen's statement cancelling the tibvernment grant to Sabra

could have a serious effect on the future of The

Africa Institute and the

HSRC. He said it meant

that those two organisations could lose their

Government grants the

moment they said something negative about the

Government.

Constitution

'. In the meantime, the

aew chairman of the Afrikaner Broederbond (AB),

the organisation hardest

hit by the Sabra report on

Jhe Government's new

constitution, Prof J P de

Lange, said the AB would

[not allow itself to be

drawn into the fight between the Government

and Sabra.

Prof De Lange took

over as chairman of the

AB after Prof Boshoff resigned as chairman because ofthe Sabra report.

Prof De Lange said his

organisation would not be

taking sides in the feud

between the Government

and Sabra.

In an interview with an

Afrikaans Sunday newspaper, Prof De Lange

said the AB had respect

for alternative opinions

; and the integrity of viewpoints.

CSO: 3400/1633

39
SOUTH AFRICA

DARING BID TO FREE BARBARA HOGAN FOILED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 2 Jul 83 p 1

[Article by Chris Olckers]

[Text]

A WHITE woman and a man, masquerading as a nurse and a patient, yesterday

* made a desperate attempt to free 30-year-

';. old Barbara Hogan — the first white woman to be convicted of high treason in South

Africa — from the sixth floor of the Johannesburg Hospital.

The dramatic attempt to free South Africa's only white female political prisoner

from the ear, nose and throat ward at the

hospital came shortly after Hogan was admitted after being referred there by a

specialist.

Police and Prisons authorities have

launched an intensive investigation into the

daring attempt, which took place early yesterday morning.

A police spokesman last night confirmed

that they were searching for a white man

and woman who are believed to have attempted to free Hogan who was jailed for

10 years in October last year by a Rand

Supreme Court judge.

The drama started shortly after 9am as

Hogan was being escorted by a 19-year-old

prison wardress, Miss C Benade.

The unsuspecting wardress saw a man

i and a woman approaching her and the

prisoner. The man had plasters and cotton

wool on his face,

i Without warning she was attacked by the

j: woman who emptied an aerosol can into

her face.

The blinded wardress was then pinned

; down by the man, who attacked her from

behind. Struggling with the unidentified

man as Hogan and her would-be-rescuer

fled down the corridor, Miss Benade managed to hit her attacker in the stomach with

her elbow.

The young wardress then started blowing her whistle to attract attention to the

escaping Hogan.

A doctor and a nurse managed to overpower Hogan but the man and the woman

escaped from the hospital.

Police have launched an intensive search

for Hogan's would-be-rescuers:

Last7night Prisons officials refused to

(discuss the attempt to free Hogan. Hospital

authorities also declined to comment on

the attempt

It is not known how the couple knew that

j the political prisoner was due to be adImitted to the Johannesburg Hospital yesi terday morning.

In October last year, Hogan, dressed in

the colours of the outlawed African

National Congress, stood calmly as Mr Jus-

\ tice A P van Dyk sentenced her to 10 years'

jail for high treason and four years for

being a member of the ANC.

As they led her down to the cellsshe gave

shouts of Amandla.

ANN PALMER reports that relatives of

the convicted woman were unaware of the

attempt to free Hogan.

Hogan's father, Mr Paul Hogan, said last

night that he had no comment to make

"about the attempted escape.

The superindendent of the Johannesburg

: Hospital, Dr Neville Howes, said last night

that he had no further information about

; the incident;

"We still don't know exactly what hapi pened and as the matter is still under investigation and sub judice, I am not able to

comment any further," he said.

Late last night it was obvious that a

'complete news clampdown had been or-

| dered and that no further information rejgarding the daring attempt would be

released. <•*

CSO: 3400/1648

Uo
SOUTH AFRICA

ASSOCOM WARNS ON HIGH COST OF REFORM

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 2 Jul 83 p 10

[Article by John Mulcahy]

[Text]

AN article in the Associated Chambers of

Commerce review

raisesserious questions

on the economics and

tax implications of the

new constitutional

proposals.

Pointing to the vigilance of

the business community,

which has led to the postgimement of the fringe tenets tax, the article stresses

the need for similar vigilance

i on the proposed constitutional changes "to dampen official ardour to raise money to

pay for all the idealistic

plans and programmes

which will flow from the new

constitutional dispensation".

"Almost immediately

mdney will have to be raised

to support the vast new bureaucratic infrastructure

which will be part and parcel

of the devolution of power.

"Money will also have to

be found for regional development and for other recommendations which have been

made for the betterment of

the country and its people."

Professor Jan Lombard,

economic adviser to the Reserve Bank, told an Assocom

tax symposium that the constitutional change were likely to give rise to a revolution

of rising expectations of what

the Government could and

could not do.

"Chances are also that the

economics of the tax implications of these expectations

will be seriously neglected in

the political bargaining

'processes.

"The question then is whether this kind of New Deal

political economy will' not

firstly push State spending

and taxation beyond the levels of fiscal soundness; and

secondly, transform the

South African economy into

one which will be chronically

suffering from high inflation

and low real growth."

The Assocom article savs

the danger of overtaxation is

implicit in the devolution of

power because each authority will claim the right to tax.

Each will need money to

pay for its functions, and the

question is where the money

will come from.

One of th$ most important

questions is whether there

will be one money bill, or

whether each chamber will

have the right to raise funds

to finance "own" affairs. _ "If there is one budget with

allocations made to other

chambers will this not be regarded as denigrating the

powers and authorities of

those chambers?"

Further down the ladder,

will loj:al and decentralised

areas of administration and

power have the right to raise

money to finance their own

needs, or will they have to

depend on central Government hand-outs?

There is a strong argument

that if administrations are

allowed to proliferate, the

central Government will lose

control of fiscal and monetary policy, with the threat of

overspending, deficit spending and of the money supply

getting our of control, resulting in runaway inflation.

The article quotes the 1969

report of the Franszen Commission: "Where Various tax

authorities impose different

taxes on the same persons

and incomes, the maintenance of an integrated fiscal

policy is impeded."

Mr Mickey van der Walt,

the Commissioner for Inland

Revenue, said at Assoeom's

symposium: "The ease of collection (of taxes) could lead

to proliferation of levies, duties, etc., which although taken individually appear to be

innocuous, can collectively

iadd significantly to costs.

'"This effect can be greatly

exacerbated if the duties and

levies are not imposed by the

central fiscal authority

; which has regard to the overall view of the level of taxes

in regard to the whole economy, but by various other

boards, bodies and agencies."

Mr Van der Walt said this

not only led to a proliferation

-öf-taxes but to a proliferation

»dffiscal authorities, each requiring staff and laying a different administrative burden

"tjirthe tax-paying public.

» Mr Van der Walt was hot

:-referring specifically to the

implications of the constitutional proposals but to the

existing situation which allows boards, committees and

other local administrations

the right to tax.

From a business and economic viewpoint the pros-

; pect of every legislative body

being given the right to tax is

a nightmare, according to the

Assocom article.

Unless there is overall control on spending, it argues,

government at all levels will

again start swallowing too

large a share of the national

income and wealth, leaving

the private'sector with less

money to finance reinvestment and growth.

CSO: 3400/1648

111
SOUTH AFRICA

STANDARD BANK ISSUES WARNING ON INFLATION

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Jul 83 p 11

[Article by Howard Preece]

[Text] A WARNING that inflation in South

Africa could soar to 17% or 18% during the next economic upturn — unless drastic measures are taken now

— has been made by Standard Bank.

It says that over the short-term such measures

must result in a deepening recession, more unemployment and a slackening of the property boom.

In fact, it seems clear that the Government is already alarmed about the continuing high level of inflation (consumer prices

rose by 12,8% in the year

to the end of May).

The Reserve Bank and the

Treasury have deliberately

: allowed a severe tightening

of monetary policy in recent

weeks. \

Prime rate — the banks'

minimum overdraft rate —

has risen from 14% to 16%

over the past month.

Money market rates are

still facing upward pressures

and another rise, to 17%, is

certainly possible.

The squeeze on home loans

is being felt.

Barclays National Bank

has hardened conditions for

mortgage bonds under its

home-purchase finance

scheme.

United Building Society

has raised its interest rate on

new bonds above R60000

from 15%% to 17%.

Though other building societies will not immediately

follow this move, informed

sources say it is likely the SA

Perm will announce a similar rate change early next

week.

CSO: 3400/1648

Standard Bank says in its

July economic1 report: "An

early bottoming out of the

South African economy has

probably shifted to a later

point than expected early

this year.

"In part this is the result of

the effects of the seriousness

of the drought.

"However, the euphoria

that flowed from plentiful

liquidity and easy money

policies that characterised

much of the first quarter of

the year has also largely

evaporated even though the

stock exchange has yet to reflect this.

"A new sense of realism

characterises the financial

markets." , ,

Standard says, however,

that inflation has remained

"stubbornly high despite the

weak state of demand in the

economy.

"At present the rate of

price escalation is still some

,2% higher than during the

i comparable period in the

jgrevious recession (1975-77).

,; "If not tackled vigorously

there would be a good chance

of inflation ratcheting itself

up to 17% or 18% during the

next expansion period, comi pared to the previous annual

maximum of just over 15%."

But there has now been a

significant Upward shift in interest rates to try and avert

this threat.

Standard comments: "The

extent of the rise in interest

rates and the tightening of

«domestic liquidity have

dimmed somewhat what was

only recently a brighter

short-term economic

< outlook.

"Recessionary trends in industry ... are likely to be

i reinforced again, retail and ! car sales are bound to soften 1 after a first quarter revival

and the boom in home buildi tag is likely to lose some of its

! vigour.

"More seriously,a resumption of broadly-based recessionary trends during the

rest of this year will accentuate an already difficult unemployment position."

k2
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT SILENT ON EXTENT OF MP'S SALARY BOOST

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 5 Jul 83 p 3

[Article by Gerald Reilly]

[Text]

POLITICIANS are to get a

pay rise — but no one is saying how big it will be.

Neither the Office of the

Prime Minister nor the

Office of the Secretary for

Parliament would comment

yesterday on the extent of the

ris6S.

However, the announcement by the Prime Minister,

Mr P W Botha, in Parliament

last week that salary and allowances of MPs were to be

raised has strengthened the

hopes of the country's nearly

one million public sector

workers that they, too, will

get interim financial relief,

in October at the latest.

It is understood that earnings are no longer to be

linked to public servants'

increases.

The link was a move to

muffle criticism of MPs voting themselves pay hikes.

MPs have been dissatisfied

for months because their salaries in terms of the re-organised public service — excluding the parliamentary

allowance — was that of a

Postmaster Grade 2 — and

the feeling was, according to

one MP, "this was not good

enough".

MPs do not regard the

coming rise in earnings as an

"increase" but as a long oveß

due adjustment.

With the restructuring •*£

the public service and the introduction of the professional

salary differentiation system, it is claimed politicians

have fallen behind. ,r

MPs complained that %

assessing their earnings tnih

daily parliamentary

allowance was taken into'

account as part of the salary^

This they complained, was:

unfair, as public servants

also got a parliamentaryallowance over and above/

their salaries. ',.'

Economists said yesterday^

the increases could probablyV

be justified but only if they

were substantially below the*

current 13% inflation rate, i

Trade union sources callett

on the Prime Minister to re^'

veal the extent, of the increases so that the public can*

judge whether or not they

were reasonable. "

At present the Prime Minister earns R52 450 with a

reimbursive allowance of

R26 376; members of his

Cabinet R36 072 and a reimbursive allowance of RIO 992; -

the Leader of the Opposition

R30 567 and a reimbursive'

allowance of R16 761; and

Members of Parliament

R19 863 plus a reimbursive

allowance of RIO 863.

CSO: 3400/1648

1*3
SOUTH AFRICA

SHORTAGE OF INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES REPORTED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Jul 83 p 15M

[Article by Hannes Hamman]

[Text] There is a growing shortage of

new investment opportunities in

South Africa.

This is of concern to financial

institutions, such as our group,

businesses on the lookout for diversification or rationalisation

opportunities, other commentators (as the rereading of a few

back issues of "Viewpoint" will

confirm), as well as Government, going by the public statements of various officials from

the Prime Minister downwards.

No ready or universally applicable solutions are available to

deal with this many-faceted

phenomenon.

In the limited space available,

I shall concentrate on two issues

which, in my view, given a

slight change of heart in official

circles, can go some way towards alleviating the situation.

The two issues deal with extremes in business size, viz:

large State-owned enterprises

and small, undercapitalised new

ventures.

South Africans readily accept

that our economic system is

based on the principles of free

enterprise.

In the past this did not deter

the State sector from building

up one of the largest State-controlled and regulated economies

in the free world.

In the last few years more

and more voices from the private sector, and also the public

sector, were raised to question

this tendency.

' The Prime Minister himself

has on more than one occasion

reaffirmed the country's commitment to free enterprise and

its consequences.

For the first time in our country's history this principle is

also written into the draft new

constitution presently before

Parliament.

We no longer doubt the seriousness of Government's intentions in this regard.

We also understand that a

fundamental change of heart

and direction takes time to implement.

However, apart from the immensely successful listing of

Sasol, little evidence has been

forthcoming that the State is returning anything under its control to the private sector.

As always, the final proof of

the pudding will be in the eating. The private sector is awaiting the next developments, to

see how far Government will go.

Can we look forward to all or

some of the following, in whole

or in part, being quoted on the

Johannesburg Stock Exchange

in the next few years: Iscor,

Escom, Armscor, SABC, SATS,

, Post and Telephone Services,

Foskor, the State's commercial

forestry interests, hospital services, property investments? It

will indeed be a great day.

At the other end of the scale,

the shortage of new investments

is also in part due to the fact

that not enough new businesses

are formed, and far too few little acorns grow into large oaks.

h\x
Certain aspects of taxation

make it difficult or expensive

for companies, especially beginners and small ones, to attract

or generate capital.

Other aspects inhibit investors from providing venture

capital. It is unnecessarily difficult to accumulate enough capital to start a business and, having started, to ensure adequate

capital as the business grows.

In the end this gives rise to

too many failures and premature sell-outs.

Consider the following.

Companies pay dividends out

of taxed profits and to tax dividend income again once it is in

the hands of recipients is undisguised double taxation.

The only parties exempt from

this second bite are financial institutions and businesses regarded as public companies for tax

purposes; there are no small investors or companies in these

categories.

The non-exempt parties, who

are far in the majority, are subject to either undistributed profits tax (companies) or personal

income tax (individuals) on dividend income.

Socialist countries can perhaps afford to regard dividend

income as "unearned income",

which is fair game for additional taxation.

With South Africa's need for

new businesses, we should not

adopt the same attitude.

One rather unusual way to do

away with double taxation _of

dividends would be to treat dividend and interest payments on

the same basis for tax purposes.

Both should be deductible from

pre-tax profits.

Companies would be taxed on

retained profits, whilst dividend

and interest payments would be

taxable income in the hands of

recipients.

This would also make the cost

of share capital more directly

comparable with the cost of

borrowed funds.

An added benefit could be

that the cost of raising capital,

especially through preference

shares, from financial institutions, could come down.

1 A really successful measure

to promote new business formation would be to allow investors,

corporate or individual, to deduct from their taxable income

the cost of making and financing

share investments in new or

young ventures.

The tax man might insist on a

quid pro quo in the form of some

sort of capital gains tax on such

investments. However, such

measures would make it easier

and cheaper to start new ventures, but more expensive to

sell.

: At present the opposite applies, with the result that capital

formation is discouraged, while

selling outis attractive.

The short and the long term

result of a more imaginative

and bolder approach would be

that the dearth of new investment opportunities would be alleviated.

CSO: 3400/1648

h$
SOUTH AFRICA

BISHOP TUTU HITS SABC COMMENTARY ON SACC

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Jul 83 p 6

[Article by Bishop Desmond Tutu]

[Text] I suppose if you are a glutton for

punishment and something of a

masochist you might consider it a

back-handed compliment to be the

gubject of what the SABC euphemistically calls "News Comment,"

usually after the 7 o'clock morning

news bulletin.

If one were so inclined, one might

take some credit for the fact that

this powerful propaganda medium

does think you cannot be ignored

entirely.

I refer to the fact that the SABC

saw fit to climb into the South African Council of Churches and its general secretary in "commenting" on

the John Rees trial, using that as

an opportunity not to be missed of

vilifying and denigrating the SACC.

And then to be at it again last

Monday.

I believe that while facts are sacred in the communications world,

comment is free. You are permitted

to roan* far and wide in dealing

with some news item of note, but I

hope that you are not permitted to

sit too loosely to the truth.

Your comment must bear some

relationship to the truth, which,

sadly in both instances to which I

refer, had singularly not been the

,case.

I I normally treat the SABC with

some disdain, touched with a measure of sadness at the fact that up

there in Auckland Park they have

prostituted a powerful instrument

for good ill employing it for purvey-,

ing a tissue of distortion, innuendo,

half-truths and downright "terminological inexactitutes." __..„..-

! I generally ignore our TV and

'radio service because protest

against misrepresentation washes

off SABC'S back as water rolls off a

duck's back. I also operate on the

principle that regarding self-justification, your friends don't need it

and your enemies don't believe it.

1 I have contravened this principle

Ion this occasion, only because I am

an inveterate optimist, hoping

against, hopf to persuade the SABC 1

to become a potent instrument for

encouraging people to think for

themselves; to become a forum for

debate and discussion as it airs divergent views and so helping to

change the attitudes of us all.

At present, it serves to confirm

most people in their prejudices and

on the whole will not let South Africans hear the other side, but spews

forth propaganda supporting mainly

one political viewpoint.

Can you imagine what would happen if South Africans heard and saw

say Dr Nthato Motlana (chairman

of the Soweto Committee of Ten) on L

rädiö"ana~TV express cogently, intelligently, his opinions and still remaining largely unbitter and indeed

understanding white fears, instead

of the caricatures for which the

SABC is noted.

To refer again to last Monday s

I vituperative tirade, let me indicate

how cavalier SABC treatment of the

truth is.

It says the SACC has a vigorous

campaign for disinvestment. The

fact of the matter is that the SACC

has no such campaign, vigorous or

otherwise.

U6
There are in the SACC those who

support disinvestment and those

who are opposed to it. That is the

official position. .t

The SACC does not seek confrontation with the Government. It has

stated this several times over.

Of course, there will be confrontation between evil and good, jusi

tice and injustice. It was the SACC's

initiative which led to the meeting

between the Government and

church leaders — odd conduct for

those intent on a bad kind of confrontation.

The SACC is forever calling for a

national convention (we did so at

our last conference) to solve our

problems through negotiation and

discussion. There are other untruths

I could refer to in the virulent SABC

attack on the SACC.

If the SABC has so much unsavoury information about me why

does it pass up a wonderful opportunity of demolishing me in a live interview?

I challenge the SABC to give me

such an opportunity in an interview

to respond to its malicious smear

tactics. I doubt that they will, since

they really do not seem to know

how to handle truth and integrity in

those opposed to apartheid.

•Bishop Tutu has been' general secretary of the SA Council

of Churches since 1979.

CSO: 3400/1648

1*7
SOUTH AFRICA

MENTAL ILLS IN TOWNSHIPS INCREASE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jul 83 p 6M

[Text]

I Psychological illnesses

■■ and marital conflict

are growing problems

among urban black

people and efforts

must be made to find

ways of helping this

community.

This was the view of two

psychologists at a conference of the South

African Institute of

Marital and Family

Therapy being held at

'■■■■ Sun City today.

Conference delegates

gave two primary

causes for the increase

in psychological disturbances. These were:

I The urban black community is exposed to a

great deal of stress and

frustration in South

African townships.

There is overcrowding

and unemployment —

two factors internationally recognised as

affecting psychological

health.

•The community is in a

state of change.

Women, traditionally

house-keepers, are now

being expected to find

jobs while maintaining

their inferior status.

\ Seeing the more liberated Western

woman, they were now

challenging the situation, and this caused

marital conflict.

After consulting black

nurses and social workers the psychologists

believed family thera-

[ py could be used effectively in townships.

! The psychologists told

the conference their

job was to train black

psychologists, social

workers and nurses to

i conduct family thera-j

py. White psychologists

did not have a complete understanding of

Mack society and also

might arouse distrust

among black families.

"Instead of only treating

; crisis situations we

should try and prevent

the problems and this

can be done with community work including

therapy with groups of

families.

"The need for action

\ has been recognised,

| clinics established and

} now a lot of research

must be done and new

methods introduced."

CSO: 3400/1648

U8
ANGLO TO SPEND AN EXTRA R100-M ON MINING OPERATIONS

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jul 83 p 22

[Article by Daan de Kock]

[Text]

TOTAL capital expenditure on Anglo

i American's gold mines

i this financial'year will

i increase by about

RlOO-miltion to an estimated R646-mOIion

of which R400-nüHion

applies to tiie Transvaal and the rest to the

Free State, the chairman, Mr Gavin Relly,

says in his chairman's

statement.

Mr Relly said most of

the expenditure would be

on shafts, infrastructure

and the treatment facilities of Western Deep Levels, Elandsrand and

Vaal Reefs, President

Brand and the Erfdeel

division of Western Holdings.

Busy

The company was busy

with extensive exploration programmes in new

areas and also existing

areas in the Free State

andTransvaal.

Some of the areas

showed promising results*

ibut much more exploration remained to be done

and the viability of some

of the areas would require

an appreciation in the

gold price in realterms.

Cost up

Mr Relly said the cost

of exploration had risen

and considerable research

had gone into means of

• reducing costs by improving the delineation and

definition of drilling targets.

A sophisticated geophysical method had

been selected for this purpose and a survey, using

the techniques developed

for oil exploration, was

now under way.

Initial results were encouraging, especially in

the determination of geologicalstructure.

- Commenting on diamonds, Mr Relly said

prospects for the industry

were brighter than a year

ago. The industry had

withstood a very testing

time, and in large this was

attributable to the CSO's

i ability tö protecttheirade

by taking into stock those

diamonds not in demand,

and to the co-operative

nature of its relationships

with themajorproducers.

He said De Beers' substantial investment outside diamonds (R3 400-

! million atthe end of 1982)

constituted a major

source ofincome for Anglo American.

He also pointed out

that both export and

domestic demand for coal

were at the moment low:

Little improvement in the

demand for coal was expected in the current financial year and earnings

would suffer from the

substantial fall in export

prices.

| Amcoal, however, was

well placed to take advan-

\ tage of any improvement

'[ in themarket.

As far as industry and

commerce were concerned, outlook for the

current financial year was

mixed. It seemed there

was a slight recovery in

the world's steel markets

which could benefit companies such as Highveld

Steel and Vanadium. v Most of the industrial

and commercial companies in the group would

! probably also suffer from

! the slowdown in the domestic economy.

h9
Group Areas Act 'A Form of Influx Control'

"IT seems more important than ever that if we

i are to compete with for-

' eign industry our labour

should be able to derive

the maximum benefits

which the South African

system can offer," Relly

said.

"Formal restrictions on

the mobility of Black labour are thus deleterious

~V to productivity, as are the

' informal restrictions on

; the mobility of Indian and

• Coloured workers, where

lack of housing make it

impossible for them to offer their skills in the best

market.

"For example in the

Transvaal, where the

shortage of skills is most

acute, the residential land

set aside for Indians and

Coloureds is so inadequate that for all practical

purposes it is impossible

for them to migrate to the

industrial areas even

when they can afford to

provide their own housing;

or when their potential'

employers would be will-.

ing to provide housing for j

them. i

"Jhus the Group Areas

Act becomes, in effect, a

form of influx control further restricting labour

mobility, indivjdial advancement and economic

\ growth."

| Mr Relly said the Govi eminent deserved full

credit for the progress

that had been made in

certain important areas—

piecemeal though the

political process had

forced itto be.

"The extension of collective bargaining to

Blacks, a substantial increase in expenditure on

Black education and technical training, and the

abolition of barriers to

Black apprenticeship —

which had constituted the

heart of the industrial

colour bar in South Africa

ever since the end of the

last century — are profoundly significant reforms.

"Their significance,

however, lies in the future: improvements in the

quality and quantity_of

| technical education, for

^example, can have no

marked effect on the supply of skilled people in

the short run and South

Africa will, yet again, find

! itself unprepared for the

next upturn in economic

activity which in consequence will be of shorter

duration and more inflationary thanit need be.

"In the all-important

area of Black housing

Government has accepted

some significant breaks

with past policies which

j were based on the fiction

[that tne urban BiacK was

no more than a casual labourer, working but temporarily in our towns and

cities.

"The Government has

decided, in effect, to

transfer to the private sector the responsibility for

housing the urban Black

and to offer for sale the

bulk of its housing stock

at preferential prices on

99-year leases; it is freeing its own resources for

the building of housing

CSO: 3400/1648

50
LOW-INCOME HOME PLAN GETS FULL LOAN SUPPORT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jul 83 p 8

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

MAJOR building societies revealed yesterday

that they will support "to

the hilt" the Government's scheme to sell

500 000 State-owned

houses to low-income families of allraces.

The Permanent, Allied, United and Natal

building societies told

The Citizen yesterday

that they were "ready and

willing to meet all reasonable loan applications"

made to them by prospective State-home buyers.

Mr John Bennet, managing director of the Natal Building Society said:

"We were the first to indi-

-cate our willingness to

participate in the scheme.

"We will make the

funds available as and

when they are required by

thehome-buyingpublic.".

The United Building

Society is prepared to

consider loan applications

worth up to RlOO-million

in the first year according

to Mr Peter Richardson,

managing director of the

firm.

Mr Jim Dodds, managing director fo the Allied

said his firm would give

full support to the

schemes.

"We have already indicated that we are ready

and willing to meet all

reasonable loan applications," he said.

The managing director

of the Permanent Building Society, Mr Bob

Tucker, said yesterday

that his firm supported

the scheme fully.

He predicted however

that the sale of the homes

would start off slowly,

gradually building up until "the whole scheme is in

topgear".

He said the sale of

houses had already

started, but he did not see

sales of any magnitude

going through in the next*

threemonths. -

The super-sale, run by

the Department of Community Development and

the Department of Cooperation and Development, has made available

300 000 homes for Blacks

and 200 000 for Whites,

Indians and Coloureds.

CSO: 3400/1648

51
SOUTH AFRICA

FIFTY BANNING ORDERS EXPIRE, TEN GET NEW RESTRICTIONS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 2 Jul 83 p 3

[Text]

SCORES of previously banned people

were last night celebrating as their restriction order expired.

Only 10 of the more than 60 banned people

were served with new restrictions yesterday

.as their previous orders automatically expired in terms of the new Internal Security

Act.

This means that a total of only 11 people

are now banned.

They are: Mr Johny Issel, Dr Beyers Naude,

Mr D D Makanda, Mr M K Madlingozi, Mr IG

Nathaniel, Mr J B Cekisani, Mr A Cassim, Mr

Rowley Arenstein, Mr F G Mswane, Mr Matata Tsedu and Mrs Winnie Mandela.

This was the seven«? 'time Mr Arenstein

has been banned since'nis first banning in

1953. »."» 6

Some of those who 3ire no longer banned

include: *-

._ Mr Zwelekhe Sisulu, former present of Media Workers Assocation of SA, his mother, Mrs Albertiha Sisulu, lawyers Mrs Priscilla

;Jana and Mr Fink Haysom, Natal Indian Congress leader, MrGeorge Sewpersad, Mr Peter Jones, Durban sociologist Mrs Fatima

Meer, journalists Mr Phil Mtimkulu and Mr Mariemuthu Subramoney and the Cachalia brothers, Feroz and Azar, of Actonville.

In terms of the Internal Security Act, all

banning orders issued under other laws automatically expired at midnight last night.

Each case was investigated by the Direc-

, torate for Security Legislation before being

considered for rebanning by the Minister of

Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange, who

chose to only issue 10 new orders.

This excludes Dr Naude, the former director of the Christian Institute, who was the

only person to have already been banned

under the new Act.

A spokesman for the Ministry of Law and

Order, Lieutenant-Colonel Leon Mellet, confirmed in Pretoria yesterday that only 10

banning orders would be renewed.

In terms of the new Act, they will have 14

days within which to make written represen-

> tations to the Minister of Law and Order as to

why they should not be rebanned.

According to a notice in yesterday's Government Gazette, it will also be an offence as

from today to quote the following people, who

have been restricted in terms of Section 56

(lXp) of the Internal Security Act:

J,. Nyameko Barney Pityana, Kgophu Isaac Moroe, Pule Issac

Tshenkeng, Msizeni Maphumulo, Sipho Mila Pityana and Samuel

Elias Adelman, all of whom no longer live in South Africa.

The Gazette also listed 95 people on whom

new banning orders cannot be served as their

present whereabouts were unknown, or they

were presently living overseas, but who

nevertheless may not be quoted in terms of

the new Internal Security Act.

These include the former editor of the Daily Despatch, Mr Donald Woods, the head of

the ANC, Mr Oliver Tambo, poet Mr Dennis

Brutus and former Port Elizabeth leader Mr

Thozamile Botha.

v Others are:

Dorothy Sophie Adams, Frank Adler, Jennifer Rosalynde Ainsley

(alias Rosalynde de Lanciole), Dorothy Hazel Alexender. Julius

Baker, Godfrey Kenneth Beck (alias Otu'e Beck or Berg), Terence

Albert Bell, Thozamile Botha, Karl Thomas Brecker, Brian Joseph

Brown, Dennis Vincent Brutus, Martha Brutus. Wilfred Cecil Joseph Brutus;

Dr Zuleikha Sarojina Christopher, Dr Percy Cohen, Ernest (alias

Ernest Cole alias Kole or Levi), Wilson Zamindela Conco, Barney

Desai (alias Risik Hiribai);

, Anthony Nelson Hives Eastwood, Vivian Exra (alias Erza Chovt

cious), Dasingee Francis (alias Desmond), John Taelo Gaetsewe,

Stephen Pandule Gawe (alias Popsie), Esme Goldberg, Arthur

Joseph Goldreich, Jack Hanns Heinz Halpem:

Shaik Hassan (alias Hassen Shaick), Enver Hassim, Ronald

Hendricks (alias Ronald Hendrickss), Bob Alexander Hopple, Dennis

Arthur Higgs, Dr Max Joffe, Alfred Kgokong.

Sydney Kitching, Theodore Kotze, Raymond Fakaza Kunene

(alias Mazizi James Desiree), Geoffrey Boyd Lamb, John George

Fräser Lang, Kitchener Eneah Solomon Leballo (alias Potlako), P K,

John Papa, Rasebabi (or Kotola), Benjamin Pule Leinaeng, Moses

Madiba (alias Mbeki), Nelson Hana Mahomo (alias Ken Hamilton).

Johnstons Fanafuti Makhatini (alias Johnstone Fanafuti), Ambrose

Mzimkulu Makiwane, Tennyson Makiwane (alias Xola), Denison,

Gambu (or Juma Rashid Said), Edwin Makoti (alias Letsolo or Tom

Tsekis), Cardiff Marmaduke Marney, Jonas Matlou (alias Joseph,

Mashlovo or Ahmed Abdul), Todd Tozama Matshikiza. Thabo

Mbeki, Joyce Sophia Meissenheimer, Thamsanqa Winnard

. Mhlambiso (alias Chummy), Mncedisi Lyttleton Mngqikana (alias

Ndlomo), William Modisane (alias Bloke);

Johannes Modise (alias Skmile Snodise), Amien Mohamed (alias'

Zoot), Zachius Bofthoka Molete (alias Zedbee), Joseph Saliah Molifs

(alias Joe Thito), H Mackintosch, Sally Poonyane, Florence Gladys

Moposho (alias Flora Mphosho), Lionel Edmund Morrison, Ruth

Motsoeane (alias Matsoeane), Mtukuzela Mpehle, Livingstone Mahlubandile Mrwetyana, Meinrad Themba Bony Msimang (alia;

Mandy, or Msimanga), Sulliman Mohamed Nathie.

Abednego Bhekebantu Ngcobo (alias Abelson, Cole, Sidney oi

Peterson), Matthew Nkoana, Thomas Titus Nkobi (alias Nkobo),

Lewis Phenduke Nkosi (alias Louis). Philemon Pearce Duma Nokwe

Gladstone Mxolisi Ntlabati, Jacob Dumdum Nyaose (alias (ready

Jacobs), Bathetuxolo Alfred Nzo, David Anthony Oldham, George

Edward Peake.

Count Perey Petersen, Cosmo George Leopold Pieterse, Mzwandile Piliso (alias Macpherson, Langweni or Mzwai), Jobe James

Radebe (alias Jimmy, J J Grootbdom, T Gambu, J J Mtimkulu, Seifi

Alii Abdalan or Mzandi Luthimaso, Mzandi Luthimaso), Robert

Resha (alias Robbie, Res or Mabiwane), Neville Nordan Rubin,

Michael Guthrie Scott, Ronald Michael Segal, Marks William Shope,

Isaiah Stein, Isaac Bangani Tabata, Oliver R Tambo, Daniel Canadoce Temba (alias Temba Dan Can, Themba-Dorsay Can or Mevelase), Wycliffe Mlungisi Tsotsi, Memory Vakaliza (alias Miya),

Charles van Gelderen, Robert Kennith Watson. Dennis Ernest Mario

Moses Wessels and Donald James Woods.

CSO: 3400/1648

52
SOUTH AFRICA

'LISTED COMMUNISTS' NOW REDUCED BY 330

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 5 Jul 83 p 1

[Article by Anton Harber]

[Text]

THE Government's new

list of "listed communists", who may not be

quoted, has been trimmed

from more than 450 peojple to about 120, but contains a number of surprising anomalies.

In terms of a clause in the

new Internal Security Act,

the hundreds of people re-

: moved from the list may still

not be quoted for another

four years.

Joe Slovo, exiled ANC and

Communist Party leader often described as the Government's most wanted man*

and Bram Fisher, Communist Party leader who died in

prison in the early 1970's, are

among those left off the list.

Ä number of dead people,

such as the three ANC members hanged in Pretoria recently and Mr Can Temba, a

journalist, have been included for the first time.

A former Communist

Party member, Mr Issy Heymann, who served a six-year

sentence in Pretoria, is no

longer listed, but his wife,

Anne, is on the list.

j A new consolidated official

list of "communists" was

published on Friday in the

Government Gazette terms

of the 1982 Act.

The list of 32 people — plus

95 who are now overseas or

dead — was significantly

shorter than previous lists

which included over 450.

Friday's new iist included

many who «had been on the

earlier list, such as Mrs Hellen Jösepflrffie~veteränähtiapartheid camapaigner who

recently completed a banning order, and Mr .Marius

Schoon, an ANC member who

served 15 years for sabotage

and now lives in Botswana.

Alex la Guma, the author,

whose address is given in the

Government Gazette as Havana, Cuba, is also there.

It also includes a number

of people not previously listed, such as Barbara Hogan,

an ANC member who is serving a 10-year sentence for

treason, and the three ANC

members hanged in Pretoria

'recently.

T This is the first time people

| have been "listed" after their

I deaths.

Also included for the first

| time are three men in preventative detention, Mr Abel

Dube, Mr David Mtobela and

i Mr Mordecai Tsatsa.

Hundreds of others have

been left off the new list, including Bram Fisher and Joe

Slovo, but the new Act includes a clause that deems

them only to be removed

from the list four years after

they are actually removed.

This means that the hundreds of peqplejiojOTgejion.

^theTIsfwill stillhave to wait

, another four years before

i they can be quoted — provided they are not added to

the list before then.

i A consolidated list will be

published every three years,

in terms of the 1982 Act.

i The now list is: Jacky Arenstein, Rowley

jÄrenstein, Yettah Barenblatt, Esther BarIsel, David Bopape, Stephen Dhlamini, Florjence Duncan, Bob Hepple, Helen Joseph,

iAIex La Guma, Leonard Lee-Warden, Aljfred Mahlangu, Zoilie Malindi, John Matithews, Mithraaagran Naidoo, Ramsamy

Naidoo, Sylvia Neame, Rose Shlachter,

Marius Schoon, Jean Strachan, Dora Tamana, Violet Weinberg, Barbara Hogan,

; Simon Mogoerane, Suzman Mokoena, Jerry Mosololi, Marcus Motaung, Thembile

i Phantsie, Beyers Naude, Abel Dube, David

Mtobela and Mordecai Tsatsa.

CSO: 3400/1648

53
SOUTH AFRICA

HOMELANDS ILLEGAL PROFESSOR DER VYVER CLAIMS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 83 p 4

[Text]

AFRIKAANS university

students were yesterday

told that the country's

black homelands were

constitutionally illegal —

an independent black

state could lose its independence if somebody

should go to court on the

matter.

Speaking at the Afrikaanse Studentebond

Congress in Pretoria, Professor J van der Vyver

told the students that a

court of law would declare the homelands illegal if given a chance to

do it because certain important aspects in the

Constitution of South

Africa were ignored in

the establishment of the

homelands.

"In terms of the Constitution, a petition must be

sent to the central Government by a province before that province's borders may be changed," he

said.

Professor Van der Vyver said no petitions were

sent to the Government

before any of the homelands were established

and the homelands were,

as such, Constitutionaly

illegal.

"Any South African

court will have to declare

the homelands illegal if

given the opportunity to

do so.

The Professor, who

Reaches law at the University of the Witwatersrand,

said the question of the

homelands were just one

of the consequences of

the disparagement of the

courtsin South Africa.

"The Internal Security

Act is also part of the

country's sick -juridicial

system," he said.

He said it was important for law and order to

be maintained in South

Africa but it should not

be done in such a way that

one gets the feeling that

the pious God's creed in

the Constitution was just

another part of the catacomb in which the decadence of our juridicial

system is stored.

He said the Internal Security Act allowed too

much power in the hands

ofSecurity Police.

He said the code of

conduct published by the

Minister of Law and Order on the handling of detainees were so badly defined that it was possible

"to turn a wagon inside

it."

CSO: 3400/1648

Bh
SOUTH AFRICA

CENSORSHIP BEING USED BY SP, DU TOIT CLAIMS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jul 83 p 5

[Article by Fred DeLange]

[Text]

A WELL-KNOWN

Cape Town political

scientist, Professor

Andre du Toit told the

ASB congress in Pretoria yesterday that

censorship in South

Africa was being used

chiefly to legitimise the

"judgment of the SecurityPolice.

Prof du Toit said about

56 percent of all publications brought before the

Publications Committee

were brought by the Security Police and customs

officials.

Describing the Directorate of Publications as the

"mightiest authority in

the country," Prof du

Toit said the real danger

was the amount of control

its decisions placed in the

hands of the Security

Police.

"If you are just mildly

interested in politics, you

are sure to have at least

one banned publication

on your bookshelves. If

somebody at the security

police doesn't like you,

but cannot get his hands

on you because you are

not doing anything illegal,

he can search your house,

find a banned book, and

have you up in court on a

criminal charge.

"Despite promises by

Government that a small

number of publications

would be banned, the

situation has deteriorated

to such an extent that it is

impossible for the average man to ensure that he

has no banned books on

bis bookshelves," said

Profdu Toit.

Prof du Toit said it was

also cleat to mnrtnat tne

Directorate of Publications no longer acted in

the interests of the general public.

"Only about five percent of all publications

brought before the committee were submitted by

the general public".

He warned that it was

dangerous for the Directorate of Publications to

ban all publications with

political viewpoints that

differ from those of the

Government.

"To eliminate certain

political material will certainly not eliminate

people who believe in

those viewpoints," he

said.

Prof du Toit said the

Black consciousness

groups were a good example of this. "After they

and their literature was

banned in 1978, the

groups have gone from

strength to strength".

He said if one were not

Openly allowed to write or

talk about different political viewpoints, other

people . would not know

enough about those viewpoints to tell you about

theirdangers.

Prof du Toit said in the

past the Directorate of

Publications banned only

Leftist publications but

that it was possible that

the Directorate could in

future also concentrate on

Rightist publications.

"Censorship such as we

have in South Africa

means that the government of the day can dictate political borders in

this country. It means you

can only say and think

what they (the Government) want you to think.

CSO: 3400/1648

55
SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANERS URGED TO PROTECT CULTURE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 83 p 4

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

AFRIKANERS were

warned yesterday to

protect their culture

against threats from

aboard, especially at a

time when they were

threatened with division.

Speaking at the annual

congress of the Federasie

van Afrikaanse Kulture

Verenigjngs in Pretoria,

former minister of Bantu

Education, Mr M C Botha, also urged the Afrikaner to make room in

the ranks of nationalism

for non-Afrikaner nationalists.

This, he said, could be

done against the backdrop of the duty of the

Afrikaner nation to be

the nucleus of the South

African population.

Reviewing other occasions in Afrikaner history

when there had been

threats of division, Mr

Botha said the Afrikaner

must be Wary of relying

too heavily on his culture,

if he became too unruely

within his own ranks.

But every deviation

from the established path,

every difference or conformation between Afrikaners, did not necessari-

;ly mean a crisis, he told

theconference^

—The danger of becoming superficial, bewildered or even impoverished always faced a culture, he said.

"Blowing in on us from

the new world- are many

novelties passing as literature, music and other art

forms, and films.

"We dare not misjudge

these things,'' said Mr

Botha.

And even if all these,

assaults could be fended!

Off, there was still the

danger of cultural impoverishment, he warned.

"We are far away from

our ancestral countries.

We are not only geographically, isolated but

are also being deliberately isolated — and, in addition, we have close to us

cultures which differ substantiallyfrom ours."

At the same time the

Afrikaner should see the

threat as an opportunity

to think more creatively,

to distinguish more carefully and to deal with it.

Mr Botha said he could

see strong and creatively

positive powers at work

— and these must not be

hampered.

These strengths were:

'in the Afrikaans culture

alone, linked with the

1 binding power of the

Afrikaner concept, was

|the strongly unifying pow-

| er of the Afrikaans language in all its forms, in-

! eluding literature and

• journalism;

Secondly, the white

I population as a whole was

j becoming more receptive

to unification.

Lastly, said Mr Botha,

the two main languages in

the white community as a

whole were becoming less

of a dividing force be- i

Itween the two language

[groups.

CSO: 3400/1648

%
CRUYWAGEN APPEALS FOR AFRIKANER 'REGENERATION*

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jul 83 p 5

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

A POWERFUL call to

the Afrikaner to regenerate himself and

maintain his historic,

religious and cultural

values - at a time

when he was becoming

a threatened nation —

was made in Pretoria

last night by the Administrator of the

Transvaal, Mr Willem

Cruywagen.

Formally opening the

annual congress ofthe Federasie van Afrikaanse

Kultuurverenigings, Mr

Cruywagen called on the

A&ikaner nation to maintain its sincerity of purpose as splits in its ranks

were threatening.

He wanted particularly

to stress the importance

of proper upbringing of

the youth at a time when

traditional institutions

were being undermined

and thrust into the background.

Against this back-,

ground it was vital for the

FAK constantly to take

stock ofitself and the situation — to beware of its

"steel structure" becoming ä structure without

foundations.

Culture, he said, must

not only be a object of admiration — as if it belonged to themuseum.

"Culture is always dynamic because it is of the

living person and we must

see it in action as the

manifestation of national

consciousnes." Mr Cruywagen said.

There was considerable

cause for unrest today

and the Afrikaner would

have to be alert, calculating and level headed in

exercising his cultural

duty.

The danger was that

corrupting and confusing

forces, including political

division, were threatening

the strength of the Afrikaner and his cultural

ties.

However, there had

been considerable division in Afrikaner ranks

before in the nation's history and it was amazing

how the Afrikaner had

survived it.

"We can accept that

our national life is loaded

with an inbuilt dynamicism which makes itself

heard in times of uncertainty and seriousthreats.

"Or, put otherwise,

culture is a powerful

weapon, proved in his^

ToryT stronger and more

efficient than a gun barrel,"MrCruywagen said.

But at all times the

Afrikaner must guard

against a shifting in his

basic approach to life;

and he must tackle the future with clear vision and

visionary leadership of

nÄrnkänerYouth.

Particularly the youth

must be led, at a time of

structural divisions in society in which traditional

institutions such as the

family, church, school

and cultural organisations

no longer were primary

moulding factors.

The youth was being

threatened ever more by

influences — and in the

urban contextit was faced

with an entirely new type

of civilisation — a way of

life moulded by the

rhythms of the city and

not stamped by established tradition;

CSO: 3400/1648

57
SOUTH AFRICA

FAK WORRIED OVER CULTURAL APATHY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jul 83 p 5

[Text]

A GROWING lack of interest among

Afrikaners for cultural festivals and

other cultural interests is expected to be

debated in Pretoria today and tomorrow.

Clearly, the climate at the annual congress of the Federasie van Afrikaanse

Kultuurverenigings in Pretoria is one of

concern about present divisions in Afrikaner ranks and the growing disinterest,

particularly among youth, in cultural

ties.

The concern was mirrored yesterday

in the annual report of the body — a

report in which it is noted that the number of bodies affiliated with the FAK has

decreased from over 4 000 to 3 745.

The report expressed the hope that all

Afrikaans communities would awake

and again contribute.

It noted that the FAK's executive had

already «introduced a "guardianship"

system under which members of the executive were nominated to work with

certain cultural boards or bodies, or liai-

~^ncommittees: ""'

It was particularly deplored that

"many" church councils had scrapped

their affiliation.

Since 1981/82 directly related organisations dropped by 342 in number — or

8Vi percent — and a further 300 had not

renewed affiliation. They would have to

be deleted unless they reacted to a final

warning,said the report.

The executive, said the report, had expected some organisations would resign

because ofmwease^membership fees.

"But there is also concern about a degree of non-involvement as a result of

lack ofinterestin the cultural interests of

i the Afrikaner," said the report.

Particular attention would have to be

paid to the situation in the coming year,

i particularly because attacks on Afrikaner culture were becoming ever stronger.

i The report also noted a motion of

gratitude to the SABC for the "patriotic" television series on the high points

ofAfrikaner history and its heroes.

CSO: 3400/1648

58
SOUTH AFRICA

PREMIER PLANT CLOSURE HITS FOUR HUNDRED WORKERS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Jul 83 p 2

[Article by Anton Harber]

[Text]

PREMIER BISCUITS has

told 400 workers that they

I are to be retrenched because

;the company's East Rand

plant is closing today.

And in a statement yesterday, the Food and Beverage

Workers' Union, to which

most of the workers belong,

accused the company of

breaking one of the oldest

\ 'agreements signed with a

black union'.

The union said it would

take legal action if the company did not agree to form a

joint committee to investigate the need for the closure

and the retrenchments.

"The lofty ideals of PreJ

mier chairman Mr Tony

Bloom appear not to be

translated into reality by divisional executives in so far

as members of this union are

concerned," the statement

said.

The union said its officials^

were told at a meeting last,

Wednesday that the plant

was to close. Fifteen minutes'

later the workers were assembled for the announcement that production would

cease today.

The union immediately demanded a meeting with the

Biscuit Division of the Premier Group. A meeting was

scheduled for Tuesday but

was cancelled by management and rescheduled for

Wednesday as a director

could not be found for the

meeting.

The company offered retrenchment pay of one

week's wages for every year

of service.

"It became apparent at the

meeting that the board of directors saw the decision as

an economic one and appeared not to have taken into

account the effect that the

decision will have on 400

workers," the statement said.

At Wednesday's meeting

workers demanded that they

be kept on and said they

would not accept their severence pay until their continued employment within the

Premier Group had been

guaranteed.

They asked that management give "a categorical

guarantee" by yesterday to

establish a joint committee

to investigate the need for

the closure and

retrenchments.

The union would lodge an

urgent, application to the

courts to protect their rights

if there was no such guarantee, the statement said.

A spokesman for Premier

Milling referred questions to

Premier Biscuits, whose

spokesman could not be contacted last night.

CSO: 3400/1648

59
DETAILS ON TECHNICOM CONFERENCE IN PRETORIA GIVEN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 83 p 8

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

A top South African

scientist yesterday urged fellow scientists to work to

improve the public image

of science and technology

— an image he described

as "distorted and unbalanced." . Dr Nico Stutterheim,

former CSIR executive,

told the Technicom Conference in Pretoria that

the average person —

while admitting that

science had brought many

blessings — tended to

blame the ills of mankind

on science and technology.

Dr Stutterheim said

that the proverbial "man

in the street" could not

distinguish clearly between the concepts of

"science" and "technology."

While this might be a

debatable premise, there

was no doubt that the'

general public had to a

greater or lesser extent a

distorted and even unbalanced view of science and

technology.

"Although readily admitting that science has

.brought man many blessings, that certain aspects

of science are 'wonderful'

| and have: improved his

material welfare, the layman tends to attribute to

science and technology

(many otherthings.

"Such as the increasing

deadlyness of war, industrial pollution, of natural

resources the progressive

destruction of nature and

the rich-poor divide."

Dr Stutterheim said

most important of all was

the lack of comprehension by the general public

ofthe scientific approach.

"This results in a mutual absence of effective

communication between

scientists and nonscientists.'Tiesaid.

Scientists and technologists should be far more

Tat pains to reduce the imj pact of unacceptable features of technology and

regularly and intelligibly

inform the public of positive efforts.

6o
Expert's Warning on 'Pidgin' Languages

A Witwatersrand University language expert warned yesterday that "pidgin" languages in working

situations — such as Fanagalo — could have senouSdisadvantages.

But, atthe same time, a

language policy was obvious and necessary in

many work situations in

which people of different

languages were involved,

Mr M V Aldridge told the

Technicom Conference in

Pretoria.

r Particularly in countries where migrant lafbour was utilised it was

not possible to rely on the

official languages for the

i day-to-day communication needs.

In Germany, for instance, migrant workers

such as those from Turi key, learnt to use a simplified form of the nationallanguage, German.

In South Africa the tendency had been to use

either an arüfical language, a complex pidgin

| Fanagalo. This language

had an African language

as a base, with English

and Afrikaansstrata.

Such pidgin languages

had advantages övei

specially constructed languages.

"But they are frequently attended with grave linguistic and sociological

disadvantages which may

outweigh their usefulness" said MrAldridge.

Science Study at All-time Low

DELEGATES to the

_Technicom Conference in

Pretoria yesterday were

told that the interest at

schools in science studied

was "at an all time low"

in South Africa.

Professor Strauss, of

Pretoria University's Department of Physics, said

that schools should be

provided with "open laboratories." "

In these, students could

•experiment informally

with apparatus which had

been designed for this

specific purpose thus prodding more meaningful

^experiences than those of

(formal introductory laboratory training, i

The problem with formal training, the Professor said, was that it was

usually organised for

groups of students guided

by recipe-like notes.

A form of "open laboratory" wasin existence

at Pretoria University.,

Known as the "exploratörium," it had attracted

many laymen from all

walks of life and it appeared that the system

provided a basis for

I meaningful communication with people Who had

no formal science training.

Observations in similar

laboratory-museums in

other countries confirmed

this.

CSO: 3400/1648

61
SOUTH AFRICA

CONSTITUTION REFORM BATTLE LOOMS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 83 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

THE BATTLE lines over the constitutional

reformplan are alreadybeing laid.

From the Right, there is total rejection of the

plan, which is regarded as the beginning of

the end ofWhite sovereignty.

The Conservative Party, the Hersagte Nasio-,

nale Party, the South African Bureau of

Racial Affairs all take thisline.

TheBroederbond is divided.

The argument reaches into Afrikaner cultural

organisations and the Afrikaans churches.

Now the Left, as represented by the Progressive Federal Party, has outlined its objections.

Whereas the Right attacks the reform plan for

sharing power with Coloureds and Indians,

the PFP attacks the plan for excluding

Blacks.

In a leaflet, 200 000 copies of which will be

distributed throughout the country, the PFP

says the plan will increase South Africa's

problems.

"Far from facing up to the biggest problem of

all — Black and White coexistence — it has

run away from it. . . and closed the door on a

peacefulsolution."

The party's main reasons for calling on South

Africans to say No to the plan are listed as

the dangers of a dictatorship, one-party

domination, the degrading of the courts,

racial conflict, the entrenchment of apartheid

and the misspending of millions of rands of

taxpayer'smoney.

The leaflet says the plan will give dictatorial

powers to the President — "a Nat President,

of course" — and in vitally important areas

he will be placed above Parliament and the

courts.

On the danger of degrading the courts, the

leaflet says: "In many important respects the

courts cannot review the President's interpretation ofthe constitution."

On the issue of entrenching apartheid, the

leaflet says: "Instead of moving away from

discrimination (as the Nats piously claim),

theywant to enshrine it."

The PFP concludes that the plan will be a '^disasterforthe country."

Contrast this with the Sabra statement that the

plan spellsthe end ofWhite sovereignty.

"Disaster", according to the Right and the

Left, faces the Whites for completely opposite reasons.

We do not say, as some Nationalist newspapers do, that the PFP is continuing its

negative tactics that began with its boycott of

thePresident's Council.

It has always stood for the inclusion of Blacks

in the political system even though its own

62
federal plan would result in Black majority

rule.

However, the PFP is now out of step with the

sources from which it received its main financialsupport.

Businessmen want reform. They also criticise

some aspects of the Government's plan, but

they do not reject the plan out of hand like

the PFP does.

The PFP won Johannesburg North with fewer!

votes than before; it did not make any real!

advance inWaterkloof.

The reason is that the electorate in the areas in

which it mainly hopes for support is more pro

than anti-reform.

Indeed, outside the Right, most people would,

like to see a start made with change, eve^W

it's not quite the kind of change they^would

prefer.

The PFP may thus find that marr/of its supporters, like the businessmen, will opt for the

reform plan as a beginning, despite the PFP's

dire warnings.

What happens to that,, mainly English-speaking vote in the referendumisimportant.

For what the National Party loses in support

on the Right, it must make up with support

from English-speakers if the vote is going to

go in itsfavour.

The PFP's supporters, when the time comes,

will have to ask themselves whether, together with the Right-wing of Afrikanerdom,

they will block reform—or whether they will

say "Yes" even if the kind of reform is not

exactlywhat theywant at this point.

The outcome of the referendum may well

hinge on the answer.

CSO: 3400/1648

63
SOUTH AFRICA

RECENT SUPREME COURT DECISIONS HAILED

Kimberley DIAMOND FIELDS ADVERTISER in English 4 Jul 83 pp 9, 12

[Editorial]

[Text]

JJW ESTEEM in which" lie South

| African Supreme Court is held has

f risen immeasurably" with three recent

-unrelated but important decisions

The first was the Rikhoto judgement by the Appeal Court in Bloem-

-fontein, the effect of which is to allow

blacks who have Worked for the same

employer for 10 years to earn the right

.of residence in urban areas.

Rightly hailed as a watershed decijsiqn, it will give a sense of permanency

and the right of residence to thousands

, who were previously classed as-migrant

workers.

The second case was that in which

the full Bench of the Natal Provincial

: Division ruled that the legal definition

of the term 'idle and undesirable',

applied for 60 years since the Urban

Areas Act was passed, was incorrect.

The court called on the Government to scrap the section of the Act

which empowered commissioners to

banish people to prison farms for up to

two years on the grounds that they

were 'idle and undesirable'.

The ruling overturned four previous Supreme Court decisions and

will save thousands of black people

from being sent to prison farms and

losing their right to live and work in

urban areas. V !

v Mr Justice Friedman described the

^legislation as 'undesirable', and Mr Justice Didcott commented:

'A number of judgments delivered

by the Supreme Court have called Section 29 drastic in its general effect.

iThat seems the least that can be said of

'it. No counterpart, nothing at all similar, can be found in any system of juris-

! prudence with Which we would like

Jxmrs to be compared.'

In Cape T.WH a supreine "Court

judge allowed 74 year-old Oscar Mpetha

| Rl bail pending appeal after sentencing

Ihim to the mandatory minimum of five

years in jail on a charge of terrorism.

[' Showing deep compassion, Mr Justice Williamson said he would not have

* jailed Mpetha if he had not been bound

to do so by law.

6h
'Mpethä is old. and very ill. He is

suffering from diabetes and its complications and is due to have a leg amputated. His life expectancy is limited and

at best he has only a couple of years

to live, even with the best medical

treatment. Justice does not require imprisonment, and because of Mpetha's

'very special circumstances compassion

is the overriding consideration.'

Speaking of the crimes for which

iMpetha and nine others were convicted,

Mr Justice Williamson commented:

'That these? crimes' flowed from a

sense of grievance was manifest in the

i surrounding circumstances and the

L build-up to the crinie äs indicated

- clearly in my judgment earlier this

; month. We cannot but sympathise with

people who suffer such grievance and

frustration, but the court can only

.strongly condemn the manner in which

>the grievances were expressed.'

And so, in these three unrelated

cases has the Supreme Court exercised justice with compassion. In

Mpetha's case it was truly justice

tempered with mercy.

"The threei jua^mems—wnr win

^increased respect for the law from the

common man and come at a time when

demonstrations of fair play were never

! more greatly needed. For there is

indeed a great deal of injustice written

, into our land by the legislature.

CSO: 3400/1648

65
SOUTH AFRICA

NGK CHANGES, INTERNAL DIVISIONS NOTED

Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Jul 83 p 11

[Text]

rJLc

"T'S noteworthy how the terminology

in such circles as the NGK is subtly

-changing.

One will have to look quite a long

way these days to hear a dominee talking

about the need to preserve "Afrikaner

identity" or even "white identity". Now

the quest rather is to preserve "Christian

Values" or sometimes "Western Christian

Values". The idea is that this concept is

much broader than the old one, and is

good for everyone. You don't need to be

white to embrace Christian values; you

don't even need to "be Christian - for

practical purposes Christian values are

pretty much the same^alues as the values

of any other religion, or of simple

decency, come to that.

However, the "Western" is giving

trouble, and in fact is becoming something of a brandmark of attitudes. Just as

any white South African can tell quite a

lot about any other one's outlook by how

he refers to the majority of his compatriots - as "Africans", "Kaffirs",

"Bantu", "Natives", or "Blacks" - so can

a dominee detect the likely political

approach of another dominee by whether

he talks of preserving "Christian Values"

or "Western Christian Values". The more

emphasis is placed on the "Western" the

more likely the speaker is to be a Treurnichtite - or '"n KP", as the Nats call

them for convenience.

Whether "Western" or not, most dominees still see the preservation of those

values as being best ensured by maintaining separation and/or institutionalising

white leadership. But with the rise of the

liberals in the hierarchy, even that

established axiom is coming slowly under

threat. It's no longer outlandish or heretical for a dominee to argue that the real

route to preserving those values is by

inspiring black respect for them instead

of entrenching a political distortion of

them by force. Which means: end apartheid.

It's not so much that no Dutch Reformed churchmen ever thought this way

beforehand, but that until recently hardly

anyone ever said so. Now, particularly

since the publication of the remarkably

challenging "Stormkompas" the liberals

have been growing bolder, and finding an

unexpected comfort in numbers.

Not only the vocabulary is different

: now; so is the debate.

***************

Not unrelated to this, the NGK is also

having quite a time trying to work out

quite how anti-racist it actually is. At its

quadrennial synod last year, the church

came down heavily against racism, but

defined racism so broadly that practically

no-one was guilty. Differentiation was

fine, just as long as you didn't look down

upon the man against whom you were

differentiating, so Nats, Conservatives,

HNP, Afrikaner Weerstandbeweging, the

lot. . . all are on the right side of the line,

at least as far as their official policies go.

But now muttering can be heard within NGK circles, and suggestions that this

comfortable definition is too comfortable

by half, and is actually ducking the issue.

Church unity, say dissidents, is all very

well, but whatever happened to leadership?

In fact the NGK is a lot less unified

than ever. The CP breakaway has led to

terrible rifts, in marked contrast to the

HNP's earlier breakaway, which barely

gave rise to a ripple within the ranks. The

66
HNP was never considered "respectable"

in church circles. It was for extremists

and for lower-class, less-educated, types.

No self-respecting dominee was about to

be seen flirting too closely with it. And

any who did became, as a leading NGK

man puts it "discredited in church circles,

just as if they had joined the PFP". The

church had one party and one party only,

but Treurnicht's move changed all that.

Treurnicht himself was the essence of

respectability — a dominee and an exeditor of Die Kerkbode — and the

church's secular affiliations are now well

and truly split.

What with a massive chunk of the

ministry moving off with Treurnicht, and

at the same time the sudden coming out

of the closet of the liberals, the NGK's

next quadrennial seems likely to make

the splits and fissures at the last one look

like chicken-feed.

***************

A common response to date has been

that the church must hold Afrikanerdom

together. It must not take sides, and must

avoid the issues which would whip up Nat

or CP emotions. But this peace-making

approach is in itself becoming a cause of

further ructions, not least from devout

servants of the Lord who are themselves

wrestling with the issues and protests that

they come to the church for direction

and not for escape.

Moreover, some CP-minded ministers

protest that the Nats are breaking the unwritten rules. The Nats, they say, are trying to grab the mantle of geregtigheid for

themselves, casting themselves into the

mould of those who are showing true

Christian love and brotherhood to their

fellow men while implying that the CP is

lacking in Christian spirit. There is a

certain irony in this, considering how

angrily the Nats reject the entire basis of

the very similar allegations that they

often hear from their own left, to the

effect that apartheid in itself is unChristian .

***************

To compound the difficulties facing

the reformed churches, there is the

rampant rise of the Apostolics.

Within all the reformed churches -

Nederduitsch Hervormde and Gereformeerde as well as the dominant

NGK, there have always been schools

of thought which have looked upon the

Apostolics as unlettered and unAfrikaans

upstarts, offering frivolous singing and

dancing in place of the cerebal demands

of "real" religion. But despite some

unease over their growing numbers, the

Apostolics were conveniently dismissed

as "sects" rather than proper churches.

Recently, however, the Apostolics

scored a resounding symbolic victory by

having themselves installed on the panel

of churches which produced ministers

to deliver the late night oordenking on

TV. The Hervormdes lodged a firm

protest, but were overruled, apparently

when the Apostolics hauled out a list

of membership figures.

It is understood that within all three

churches there are dominees who are

finding difficulty in coming to terms with

the fact that the Apostolic pastors now

feature regularly in delivering the

epilogue to the nation over its public

broadcasting system.

CSO: 3400/1624

67
SOUTH AFRICA

DETAILS ON RIGHTWING AWB GIVEN

Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Jul 83 pp 18-21

[Article by Denis Beckett: "Finding a Future for the Arch-Ogre's Daughter"]

[Text]

TEARS well in the eyes of the archvillain, the super-ogre, the ominous,

foreboding figure so often depicted

as the South African resuscitation of

Hitler.

"Whyl" He seems conscious of the

damp film spreading across his blue eyes,

and a little embarrassed. "Why do you

want to make him into your mould? Why

can't he have his own? Why can't he have

what we demand for ourselves?"

For whom, I wonder, do those unlikely eyes really water? For the black South

African, whom Terre Blanche has just -

correctly — accused me of wanting to

have think and behave in something of

the same way as I do? Or for himself and

his kind, and the awkwardnesses they —

at least .partway correctly — believe

would be their lot were the blacks to take

their place as an 80% majority of the

citizens of a common society?

Either way, the depth of feeling is

evident. In vain do I protest that my

approach is simply part of the normal

social process; that anyone who ever

propagates any view does so in the hope

that some of his countrymen will adopt

it. To Terre Blanche, I am an oppressor. I

am oppressing the .black man, inflicting

my outlook on him, refusing him the

right to choose his own way, which in

Terre Blanche's view is necessarily and

totally different to anything a white man

could want. And he, Terre Blanche, is the

liberator. He is allowing blacks to go their

own way undisturbed; to have their own

countries where they can do what they

will in the patterns of Africa, unfettered

by the constrictions of Western expectations.

Not another hundred or another thousand exposures to the stunning power of

Terre Blanche's tongue would be likely to

convince me that his path is anything

other than totally wrong. But one meeting alone gave abundant evidence that

however wrong his beliefs may be, he

holds them with a genuineness and a conviction of truly rare magnitude.

GETTING hold of Terre Blanche involves

a batch of contradictions in itself. The

Westelike Provinsie Drankwinkel on the

corner of Prinsloo and Kerk in Pretoria is

your landmark. Then find the Deb E Lee

Restaurant, maak 'n draai down the back

alley, past the brake & clutch joint - ah,

there's an old Mazda with an Afrikaner

Bewaak Jou Belange sticker, must be the

right track - up a narrow back staircase

and along a barren corridor.

It feels incongruous, like a runner trying to throw off the scent on the route to

the Fah Fee king's den. After all this, one

expects a scrappy little spareroom,

furnished with kitchen rejects, and a

grubby old office litho machine spewing

ink in the corner.

But no. A batch of smart offices. Not

such as would turn any advertising agency

jealous, but businesslike and dapper.

In the inner sanctum that heavy bearded face - so familiar from countless

newspaper cartoons depicting its owner as

a chain-wielding Nazi thug - rises, greets,

and immediately lets me know that everything is being taped and do I have an

objection?

Not at all, but the smart off-the-peg

suit is so different from the accumulated

image, the soft courteous voice so removed from the thunderous roar I've heard

68
on recordings of his speeches, that it

takes me a minute to recover enough

composure to say so.

Cards are best laid on the table, I

resolve. So I kick off by advising Terre

Blanche that my own attitude is that

South Africa should proceed with all

possible dispatch towards a fully common

society, with no holds barred. I am mindful that this is probably the first time a

sentiment of this nature has been expressed in these portals, and that it might not

be well received. I don't rationally expect

leather-jacketed heavies to come rushing

in and apply the cosh, although some

thought to that effect flits across my

mind. I do expect some sort of critical

reaction. Wrong. Barely a shadow shows

in Terre Blanche's features. "I respect

your honesty," he says.

Two hours later, the feeling is reciprocal.

Honesty, yes, but common sense, no.

Either way. The gulf is about as great as it

is possible to be. From black to white

with no shades of grey, or browns or

creams, to moderate it.

It's not, however, as wide as it would

be if I was Jewish.

Am I? Terre Blanche asks.

Why, would it matter?

' Yes, because the gulf between us

would be greate'r.

Howcome? There are Jewish people

who believe in apartheid.

That wouldn't change it. The gulf

between a Christian and a Jew is still

greater than between a Christian 'and

another Christian with opposite beliefs.

Is it true then that the AWB would

discriminate against Jews?

No. No. No. That's false from top to

bottom. Terre Blanche can't imagine how

that story got about. It's a total distortion, he asserts. In his South Africa, Jews

would be citizens like all other whites.

The difference is there, but it doesn't

mean anything. Jewish South Africans

have nothing to fear.

Hmmm.

Despite the gulfs, there are a surprising

number of points of agreement. For

instance: that either you have apartheid

or you don't have apartheid, that all these

half measures and attempts to provide for

a mitigated form of apartheid are really

just straws in the wind of history.

For another: that getting rid of apartheid is no simple task. Would I, Terre

Blanche demands victoriously, deny that

the alternative to apartheid is conflict?

Not at all, I say. He's taken aback. I

expand: "There's conflict either way^ But

hanging onto apartheid means more and

worse conflict, just a little delayed."

Terre Blanche agrees that there's conflict either way. His entire vocabulary is

constructed around it. 'n Volk moet stry.

As jy nie stry nie dan gaan jy dood.

There are only two choices: Stry, stry,

totdat jy wen. Of toegee, toegee, totdat

jy omgee.

End of agreement. For me, it is simply

impossible to look upon democracy as

"omgee". To me it's a matter of basic

morality and good sense, and all else is

selfishness. And quite apart from the

moralities, there is simply no possibility

of "wen", in the end. The harder the

stryd, as Terre Blanche defines it, the

surer the ultimate verloring.

To him, the perspective is completely

different. It strikes me that if I were to

suggest to a Frenchman, say, that he

ought to enter into a shared democracy

with China, he would look at me in much

the same way as Terre Blanche is.

(And wrong though it is, I don't take

that perspective to be unreasonable.

White and black South Africans have no

more consciousness of commonness than

do Frenchmen and Chinese. It is sheer

accident that has made an indissoluble

omelette out of the unlikely collection

of tribal eggs we consist of. Not for

nothing is it so that after three centuries

of joint possession of this sub-continent

j we still do not have a . single shared

national symbol.)

Terre Blanche harps heavily on the

totale verskil between whites and blacks.

And nearly as heavily on the fairness of it

all. Separation does not mean oppression,

he repeatedly states. It's even. It applies

to everyone. They can't have rights in our

land; we can't have rights in theirs. Fair

and square. And insofar as it's possible to

accept that anyone can truly believe that

excluding an Mphephu from rights to

South Africa is the same thing as excluding a Botha from rights to Venda, I'll

accept that Terre Blanche does believe it.

There's plenty of contradiction

though. Terre Blanche repeats over and

again that he's not claiming that whites

are any better than anyone else — just

different, that's all. Yet at the same time

the rhetoric of the barbarism and primitivity of Africa is rampant. "You can't

talk of the benevolence of blacks; there is

no such thing. . . When the black man

gets power he removes whites and Africanises Africa. . . There are despots everywhere in black Africa. . . The black man

wants to be baas, he does not want to

share power. . ."

69
Terre Blanche's whole and sole motivation, he says, is Christian. "The Bible

does not tell us to love your neighbour

more than you love yourself. It is not

Christian to create circumstances where

you are going to be destroyed."

He makes much of his own benevolence. When he's away from home, the

black kids cry - "Morena is weg van die

huis. . ." "I even help kids whose fathers

don't work for me. I buy them clothes

and so on. I'm not a racist not in the

least. Ask the blacks at the filling stations

in Ventersdorp. They'll tell you.'"

By sheer coincidence, I happened to

be in Ventersdorp a few days later - an

unusually unspoilt little dorpie, not yet

homogenised by the identical architecture

and facings of the chain stores or fastfoods franchises. Nats and CPs eye each

other balefully across the tiny stoep

which their respective offices share.

Haberdashers and grocers drowse in the

winter sunshine, placidly awaiting the

handful of customers they need to pay

the rent and stay in business. The lettering in the shop windows is hand drawn, as

often as not, and not always spelled right.

Around the piles of incredibly diverse

merchandise in the dark and ancient

general-dealer-cum-village-meeting-place

cluster the owners ofabout half the names

on the local voters' roll, or so it seems,

amicably passing the time of day with the

Indian proprietor, whose sole unhappiness is his uncertainty about how long it

will be before he gets group-aread right

out of town at the behest of those same

voters. Black kids scuffle in the dust outside, waiting for odd-jobs to come up.

Terre Blanche's claims come to mind.

Idly, I ask the petrol attendant whether

he knows Mr Terre . Blanche. (Sorry,

Eugene, but I can't ge't it right to say

Baas, let alone Morena.) I confidently

expect a blank look and a shrug^of the

shoulders.

Instead. . . "You mean Eugene?" says

the man without delay. As soon as I

affirm, he rattles into a set of pointings

and directions of the way to Terre

Blanche's house. Surprised, I push it a bit

further.

"Do you know him well?"

"Very well. Very well."

"Aha. Is he a good man?"

The head, bent over the petrol cap,

peers upward, quizzically. Long look;

long pause. Then turns back to the pouring: "It's difficult to say. "

"I mean, uh, does he help people?"

The eyes turn up again. No delay this

time; no difficulties: "Yes, yes. He helps

people."

(Since this conversation sounds almost

too made-to-order to be true, may I

assure readers that it is as exact an account as I am capable ofgiving.)

Back in the AWB office, Terre Blanche

is going on about his benevolence. It runs

in the family, he says. His grandfather put

up the first church for blacks in the

whole area. It's still there. Anyone can

see it. And on the altar, it doesn't say

"God is liefde". It says "Geskenk deur

A.L. Terre Blanche". The symbolism of

this seems a little awkward to me, but I

let it pass. Instead, the point puts in mind

the rumour about why he spells his name

that way. Howcome he's one of the very

few Terre Blanches, and not a more likely

Terblanche, Terreblanche or even Terre'-

blanche? Did he consciously adopt that

spelling in order to emphasise the meaning - White Land? Not at all, he says.

His family have always kept to the

original, never letting themselves slide. He

inherited it that way. But he does, he lets

on, rather relish the effect.

I tell Terre Blanche about an unpleasant incident I'd seen on the way to

him. A matter of a young white guy in a

car purposefully frightening the wits out

of an elderly black man by giving the

appearance of being about to run him

over, and then screaming abuse at him for

good measure. Terre Blanche shakes his

head sadly. "My attitude towards that

sort of thing is one of just as much disgust as yours." Okay, but accepting that

he wouldn't do that himself, what about

his members? Terre Blanche denies it, but

without total conviction. "We're not anti

anyone," he says. "We're pro-white and

pro-Christian and if other people see a

threat in that then it's they who are being

the racists. We respect everyone."

I'd like to believe that, but I'd believe

it a lot more easily if I could hear that

message coming through Terre Blanche's

public speeches rather than simply and

only the message of white is right.

Who are his members anyway, apart

from being "the most beautiful young

men in South Africa"? Terre Blanche

won't give figures. "That would be doing

PW Botha's job for him." As to the kind

of people they might be, my suspicion is

that they're probably mainly the least

fortunate of white people - those who

have to rely most heavily on their skins

to protect them from^black competition.

70
Terre Blanche insists though that they

"include" people like lecturers and

medical doctors.

And the stormtroopers? "That story

has been blown up horribly," he says.

There's no actual 'corps' it's merely that

some of the members wanted to ride their

bikes in AWB colours and who is to

object to that?" So too has the swastika

emblem been "blown up". In fact it's not

a swastika at all, he says, embarking on a

long explanation about how it's really

three sevens, representing various biblical

symbols and designed to give an overall

image of '"n outjie wat hardloop". "I'm

a Christian Afrikaner Nationalist; not a

National Socialist. There's no connection." Isn't it then a touch embarrassing

that the emblem so coincidentally happens

to turn out to have such a resemblance to

a swastika? Terre Blanche shrugs this off:

"When you're attacked you get defensive.

I'm not going to apologise for it."

When our talk is done an AWB man -

at first I thought he must be the longawaited "heavy", but it turns out he's

the recording boffin, takes the tape away

to make a copy.

Terre Blanche wants to know if I'd

mind if we use first names. Then he asks,

in a by the way fashion, what is my

interest in the issues anyhow.

I tell him. I've got two little daughters,

I explain. I want them to grow up in a

society of safety, security, and justice. To

live in peace as respected citizens of their

society; not to spend the first half of

their hves defending the indefensible and

the rest being harried as hated representatives of an overthrown oppressor. I get

quite emotional about it. A voluntary and

orderly end to apartheid, I say, is not

only what justice and morality call for; it

also gives my daughters a chance, the best

chance there is. He and his like are endangering them. His approach is a surefire

guarantee that South Africa eventually

comes unstuck.

Terre Blanche - Eugene, now - listens

intently. When I wind up, he skommels

in his desk and comes up with a handwritten sheaf. "I've never read this to

anyone," he says, ."but the circumstances

are appropriate."

It's a poem. He too has a daughter. An

adopted one - a direct gift from God, he

says. She's two years old now. I know

how fathers of two-year-old daughters

feel. He's written this poem for her.

For her, he reads, he must do what he

has to do. He must defend her, he must

protect her. He must do what God has

told him to do for her. He must dedicate

his life to securing peace, safety, and

justice for her. He cannot let her down

He cannot deliver her into a fate at the

hands of a barbaric horde. s

The poem is moving. He reads it softly, with a little quiver in that voice which

has spellbound packed halls with its deep

roar.

Thus do we part. Not exactly bosom

brothers, but at least one of us — and I

think both - surprised at the degree of

sympathy for the other's position.

No matter what, I think, he's doing

what he thinks is best for his volk and his

vaderland. His heart is in the right place.

It's just a pity he's got the sense of it upside down.

Terre Blanche is a one-man attitudes

factory, which is largely why the Nats

fear him so much. ("Every time he holds

a meeting he converts a few hundred

ordinary people who thought they were

just coming along to see what is was all

about" as a leading verligte laments.) It's

strikes me that he's like a powerful

engine which has slipped into reverse gear

and is charging backwards creating chaos.

'pie, power unit is in terrific working

order. All that's needed is a change of

gear. If Terre Blanche could come merely

to accept that despite the verskille, and

the dangers and the awkwardnesses, the

only true route to the goal of white

security is by co-operating with the

course of history rather than vainly trying

to defy it, what a powerful boost that

would be for the prospects of my

daughters and his.

True, that's not easy, but then what is,

in the South African equation? And after

all it's only the direction which needs

adjustment. The commitment and the

dedicatiori'arFalready there. I'd rather'

look to the Terre Blanches to change

direction than hope to see commitment

instilled where there is only cynicism, as

in the case of the slick operators who just

want a quick buck, and who knowing and

agreeing that the system is terrible nonetheless live with it happily, relying on it

lasting long enough for them to make a

useful pile to take with them when they

head for foreign parts.

Which is where this story ought to

end. A touching tale. South African

patriots meet across a chasm and find

that their common patriotism binds

them.

The trouble is: as I'm leaving, all handshakes and farewells, Terre Blanche gives

me a copy of his magazine Sweepslag.

71
Which changes the picture. Sweepslag

is without doubt the most offensive piece

of writing I have ever come across. The

hysteria about "international Jewry"

seems to me a certain sign of derangement. And the references to coloureds

and mixed marriages are sheer racist

poison.

Can one still in such circumstances

nurture any respect for the perpetrators,

or any distant hope that their crazy

racism can be converted to a reasoned or

reasonable form of approach? It's difficult. God knows it's difficult. #

CSO: 3400/1624

GoldAagoui*

IT i%mpossibleto;accurately reflect the-vigour and emotiveness of a typical

Tene-Haneheä,speech in the cold black and white pages of newsprint. SpeakmgttTerie Blanche makes? even the' most" unexceptional* point sound apocailypticiltisnti-^xaggeration to say that he couldiread a,telephone book and get

f; people? stirred upi And: purely* in the way he pronounces it, hemakes every one

\ of his frequent references to the word "Botha" sound like a declaration of waii

jl Many of the points which get,a rise out of Terre Blanche's audiences'are

sgcheap and suck: how PW^ Botha finds his friends in "kerrie shops erens in

I* Natal"; how he has Chris Heunis trained like "a weE-trained poodle" etc.

I «v. Bnfit vfy naturally,; theä calltos the blood which haSfthe moststartling effects;"

upon his followers..

|«;:'"Aa'examprek'Tet'us»-itt*the..-clearest;language» spell out to Mt Heunis that

Itwhite man*SEland isr fiereä It fc,Yereeniging£it is-Pretoria; ife is Cape Town, itisSouthAfrica. This land is. our. land^TMs landis sacrifice land. (Offerland)We did

I/notsteal this, landi We prayed for this land froni; our: creator. We promised thir

f, land to the descendants* ofour children and' tdthe Christian ideology„We are not*

| goingtoparcelit outirethemarketsofCapeTown orDurbarfto otherfaiths and

feother colours, to try to find compromise" solutions; and then give each other

& little? presents- and samoosas attea-time. This land is the land of our fathers. And

litis also the; land of our children. Itisthe land where we wölkeep the legacy of

tour: fathers^ td be the legacy of our children. It is a land which in its breast bears

'. the history of struggle and resistance over the centuries, it is the land which

|bearstthe dark memory of Slagtersnek. Itisthe land ofthe; 1914 Rebellion. It is

* therandoftheOssewabrandwag". It is OHrland."

72
MARKINOR GALLUP POLL ON BLACK-WHITE RELATIONSHIPS RELEASED

Relations Remain Unchanged

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 Jul 83 p 3

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

ALMOST half of the

whites think black-white

relationships are improving whilst only a

third of the blacks have

this view, according to

the Markinor Gallup

Poll recently released.

Respondents were

asked to assess the controversial subject in

terms of their personal

relationships with the

other race group and

then to assess the general relationship between the racial groups.

Compared to six

months ago, whites'

confidence in the blackwhite relationship has

not changed. Blacks,

however, have to a certain extent lost confidence during this period. <An exception to

this was in Port Elizabeth/East London, where

positive attitudes were

acknowledged.

Those who say relations are improving say

there is less segregation

and apartheid, more understanding and respect

between the races, more

help from whites (eg. financial), better communication and better

conditions for blacks.

Others cannot see

such "improvements"

and feel whites continue

to exploit blacks. A

number of whites on the

other hand think blacks

want "too much" and

are given too much by

whites who get nothing

in return.

Black-white relations,

the poll concludes, have

changed little in the last

six months — it is still

seen with mixed feelings

and nothing has happened to influence it

either way to any significant extent.

73
Editorial on Poll

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 Jul 83 p 4

[Editorial: "Opposite Sides of Same Coin"]

[Text]

THE SOCIO-POLITICAL polls on

race relations conducted by Markinor's Gallup Poll are interesting

only to the extent that people can

form some interpretations oh subjects that are otherwise most complex.

Such polls are not as popular in

South Africa as in other countries

abroad. There are polls and surveys

on every imaginable subject and

topic in America and in Britain, for

instance. This country is catching on

slowly to the format to test public

opinion.

The latest Markinor survey, as reported elsewhere in this issue, was to

test current views on the

relationship between blacks and

whites.

The poll was made within a representative sample of 800 white

women living in both rural and urban areas and a representative sample of black women living in metropolitan areas of South Africa

(Johannesburg, Reef, Pretoria,

Durban, Port Elizabeth and East

London).

It was found that half the whites

interviewed felt that race relations

were improving while only a third of

the blacks held this view. This finding is only surprising in our view in

that so many whites have the feeling

that the relationship between the

races is improving. The poll, however, further indicates what these

respondents mean by improved race

relations.

The respondents who believe that

race relations are improving feel

that there is less segregation and

apartheid, more understanding and

respect between the races, more

help from whites (eg. financial), better communication and better conditions for blacks. The opposite view is

expressed by blacks who feel blacks

are still being exploited by whites.

An interesting response which is

going to astound some of us is that

some whites think that blacks "want

too much" and are given too much

by whites who get nothing in return,

and that they have no respect for

whites.

Admittedly in these times of socalled reform and progressive thinking in the National Party, there are

many whites who believe blacks are

asking for far too much. There are

whites (rightly so in fact) who believe that the Government is spending far too much on homelands —

what they believe to be their money.

There are whites who genuinely believe that the various concessions,

including the opening of hotels and

parks to blacks is a very great advance in improving relationships between the two races.

It is difficult to fault these perceptions too gravely. The South African

situation in itself makes perceptions

between the two races myopic.

Blacks hardly know what whites

think, or do in their normal lives

and vice versa. The poll is thus interesting in bringing out exactly

these myopic perceptions to this

very complex situation.

CSO: 3400/1650

7h
SOUTH AFRICA

REALIGNMENTS IN BLACK POLITICS REPORTED

Braamfcmtein FRONTLINE in English Jul 83 pp 54-55

[Article by Craig Charney: "Leaking Solidarity"]

[Text]

WHILE white eyes focussed on the

shifts in political allegiances

during the Battle of the Bergs,

significant realignments were underway

behind the scenes in black politics.

Splits have arisen among the organisations which identify with the non-racial

political tradition established by the nowbanned African National Congress (ANC),

leading to some surprising changes of

alliance. At the same time, there has

been a resurgence of Black Consciousness organisations closer to the black exclusivist tradition represented by the

banned Pan-Africanist Congress.

These developments could have considerable importance, for they involve the

two most powerful forces in black politics "outside the system". The clashes

between the non-racial organisations are

essentially over who within the country's

borders, can lay claim.to the tradition of

the ANC, which opinion polls say is the

most popular political movement among

blacks. For the Black Consciousness

Movement, the issue is whether it can

re-constitute itself as a credible alternative to the non-racialists.

In 1980-81, a loose alliance of black

civic, student, and trade union organisations publicly emerged which rejected

the Black Consciousness approach dominant during the 1970s. They rallied

instead to the Freedom Charter, a social

democratic programme endorsed by the

ANC and allied organisations during the

1950s. They also accepted political ties

with like-minded whites, anathema to

Black Consciousness supporters.

Now, divisions-have emerged within

the non-racialist movement, between the

student and community-oriented groups

on the one - hand and two key trade

unions on the other. These unions, the

25 000-strong Food and Canning Workers (FCWU) and the 9 000-member

General Workers Union (GWU), have

agreed in principle to unite with the

country's largest black worker body, the

Federation of South African Trade

Unions (Fosatul.

With several other unions joined as

well, the likely result is the creation of a

new black union federation - the most

powerful in South African history, with a

potential industry-wide presence in at

least six major industries.)

This marks a turnabout for the FCWU

and GWU, who (along with the other

pro-Charter groups) clashed with Fosatu

during 1980-81. However, the community and student bodies have privately expressed hostility to the drive to create the

new union federation.

The split jreflects, in part, differences

in political strategy between the unions

and community bodies.

The community-oriented organisations

are broadly "nationalist" in approach,

seeking to unite blacks across class lines

(along with sympathetic whites) around

civic issues in black townships. This has

gone along with a populist, barnstorming style. Cape Town coloured civic

groups launched petition drives to change

the electricity billing system, while the

Anti-SA Indian Council Committee

stumped the Transvaal to organise the

boycott of the 1981 Council elections.

75
All this is reminiscent in flavour of the

tactics of the ANC and its allies of the

1950s.

The Fosatu position, on the other

hand, is that industrialisation since those

days has created a far stronger black

working class, which needs a workers'

political movement centred around factory organisation. The FCWU and

GWU stand somewhere in the middle.

The clashes also reflect the differences

in aims and background between the New

Left of the 1960s and 1970s (a force in

the unions) and the Old Left (which

enjoyed influence in the ANC and allied

bodies up through the 1950s).

An the trade unions, a crucial role has

been played by white student leaders

from the late 1960s and early 1970s.

They grew up in an era in which the ANC

and the pro-Soviet Communist Party

(CP) had been smashed, and their views

were shaped by the overseas student rebellions of the 1960s and humanistic

New Left thinkers like Herbert Marcuse.

"They would look to Solidarity for inspiration, not the Soviet Union," says

one academic close to them. The classic

exposition of their views was the late

Rick Turner's "The Eye of The Needle",

a call for a democratic, socialist South

Africa based upon worker self-management.

By contrast, the leadership of the community and student bodies contains

figures from Congress-related movements

of the 1950s. Most of these organisations' younger activists have been drawn

from the post-1976 generation, which

matured against a background of riots,

strikes, school boycotts, and ANC guerilla attacks.

During this period, the prestige of the

ANC and CP has risen among blacks, so

it's hardly surprising that they look for

guidance from figures reared in the older

tradition. _.

The split began- to emerge during

1982.

After the large-scale detentions of

trade unionists in late 1981 and the

death in detention of Dr Neu Aggett

(an FCWU organiser) in early 1982, the

FCWU and GWU gave a favourable response to unity moves from Fosatu.

Like Fosatu, they had established industry-wide shop-floor organisations, and

they decided to sink their differences to

defend their hard-won bases against the

onslaught. Fosatu, for its part, took a

more political stance, finding a few good

words to say for the ANC, and pledging

to campaign against the new constitutional proposals.

However, the unity initiative received

a chilly response from other non-racial

unions who were relatively weak in the

factories and strong on community issues, such as the SA Allied Workers

Union (Saawu). Organising primarily

through township mass meetings rather

than at plant gates, they seemed to have

more in common with the community

and student bodies than with industrial

unions like Food and Canning or those

of Fosatu. Although Saawu and other

unions from this group agreed to sit on

a committee set up in April this year to

study the new federation, a big question mark hovers over whether they will

actually join the new grouping.

It became clear that their sceptism was

shared by many of the community and

student organisations at two meetings

called by the FCWU this year to discuss

the unity initiative. The Natal Indian

Congress (NIC), sole surviving co-signatory of the Freedom Charter, registered

particularly strong opposition. These

groups evidently feared that the FCWU

and GWU, by joining the new federation,

would be lost to Hie "charterist" movement and strengthen the Fosatu camp.

The continuing rift was in evidence at

the May 1 Lenasia meeting to re-constitute the Transvaal Indian Congress, a

sister body to the NIC defunct for 20

years. Though representatives of student

and community bodies were present, the

only unions to send messages of support

were Saawu and two small like-minded

unions. The keynote speaker, Advocate

Zac Yacoob of the NIC, launched an unmistakable attack on "workerists" — a

small group of Indian activists sympathetic to Fosatu.

Likewise, at the meeting a few weeks

later to establish a United Democratic

Front against the government's constitutional plans, community, student, and

church groups joined. Fosatu was conspicuous by its absence, and FCWU sent

only observers.

If, as seems likely, the new union federation becomes established, the two sides

are likely to patch up an accommodation,

because they need each other too much

to continue cold-shouldering each other.

The union grouping will probably try to

strike a balance between the pro-Charter

and Fosatu approaches, while the com76
munity groups are too realistic to ignore

an organised force of 175 000-plus

black workers. They key question, however, is whether they will achieve real

unity, or merely paper over a cleavage

which may surface again to disrupt the

non-racial movement.

Meanwhile, there have been new signs

of life from the Black Consciousness

(BC) Movement, which seemed to be

waning until the release of a number of

key leaders from Robben Island last year,

and the expiry of banning orders on

others. These included Saths Cooper and

Strini Moodley, convicted in the South

African Students Organisation (Saso) trial

in 1976, Lybon Mabasa, another Saso

figure, and some of the younger student

leaders from the Soweto Students' Representatives Council.

They have been making some inroads

among black university students, a major

source of activists for non-racial groups. ' Cooper started studying this year at ' Wits, where Black Consciousness has been

little heard-from for three years. He and

his colleagues gained enough of a following to call a political seminar at the black

student residence in May and confront

the non-racialists in shouting matches

afterwards. At the Indian University of

Durban-Westville in April, for the first

time a BC supporter contested a byelection for the Students' Representatives

Council, until now dominated by NIC

people.

The graduates of prison and bans have

also revitalised the major BC political

movement, the Azanian People's Organisation. (Mabasa became President and

Cooper Vice-President.) Azapo has held

more commemorative mass meetings, and

sharply criticised the President's Council

proposals, announcing plans to set up a

"National Forum Committee" in June to

formulate a response. However, it has

saved some of its harshest words for the

re-constitution of the Transvaal Indian

Congress, attacking it as an "ethnic

body".

Since the split with the non-racialists

in the late 1970s, the remaining adherents

of BC have been perceived as less radical

on social and economic questions, such as

the clauses of the Freedom Charter on

nationalising major industries. Recently,

they have been trying to blur the deferences, using some Marxist jargon and

class analysis in their political discourse.

The BCM suffers, however, from a

sizeable lag on the non-racialists in grassroots community and worker organisations. To remedy this they have launched the Black Allied Mining and Construction Workers Union, now 7 500-strong

under Azapo Labour Secretary Letsatsi

Mosala. What remains to be seen is whether the BC forces can break away from

their elitist reputation and form a broad

front of popular organisations.

The ins and outs of black politics may

seem arcane to outsiders, but they will

have a very real impact on South African

society now and in the future. In the

short run, they will shape the conflicts

developing in factories, townships, and

schools, while they may eventually help

determine who will rule South Africa.

CSO: 3400/1624

77
SOUTH AFRICA

GROWING BLACK TENDENCY TO REJECT ENGLISH HIT

Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Jun 83 p 17

[Article by Harry Mashabela: "Isintu Is a Self-Denial"]

[Text]

THE young man, aged about 30

years, glanced furtively at me:

"Yini ukhuluma isingisi?" he

grated. "Khuluma isintu." (Why do you

speak English. Speak our language, the

people's language.) He was obviously not

learned but there was no doubt either

that he understood everything quite well.

His voice was markedly filled with

hate and his words were familiar; I'd

heard those words spoken umpteen times

everywhere: among friends and acquaintances in social discourse in homes,

shebeens, at meetings and they have

cropped up even in interviews.

They are disarming words, striking

shame into the heart of those to whom

they are spoken for they are pregnant

with a terrifying suggestion that he who

speaks isingisi instead of isintu loathes

his people and their language! Latent in

those words is also the assumption that

we have isintu (our language). Oh, I so

wish we had for that would lessen our

problems as a people. But unfortunately

we don't.

What we have are a multiplicity of

languages - Sepedi, Xhosa, Zulu, Tswana,

Seshoeshoe, Swazi, Ndebele, Tsonga,

Shangaan and Venda; languages that are

distinctly different from one another, in

the same way the languages of the

peoples of Europe - English, German,

French, Italian, etc - differ. So much

so that when you speak your mother

tongue, the language you know best,

those who query your speaking isingisi

often find themselves at a loss, faced with

some sort of Tower of Babel, a clash of

languages, to the embarrassment of everybody.

This reluctance to speak English illustrates somewhat starkly just how our

attitudes to abelungu (whites) have

hardened or are hardening. And the

reluctance, God forbid, is fast gaining

currency in the townships today — the

very opposite of days gone by when

speaking English drew admiration, not

scorn.

I remember pretty well. During my

school days in the early 1940s and right

through to the early 1960s thereafter,

any youngster who spoke English was the

pride not only of his school and his

parents but also of his entire community.

Schools went out of their way teaching

pupils to speak the language. Competitions in the form of debates were regular,

with each school represented by its senior

and more articulate pupils. And at boarding schools pupils were forbidden to

speak any other language than English on

certain days of the week. The idea behind

all those efforts was to promote facility

in the use of isingisi. Of course, schools

were then run by missionaries, not the

government.

And at public meetings, usually political, speakers spoke in English; the whole

event was conducted in English with

interpreters translating in some

vernacular, usually Zulu and Sotho here

in Soweto, for the benefit of older folk.

"Oh, how absurd," some people

grumbled, "Africans talking to Africans

through interpreters!" But we still need

and do use interpreters when we use our

different languages at meetings in order

to attain effective communication. So

there can't be anything absurd when we

78
use an interpreter to enable those of us

who don't understand English to get the

message.

But why should we speak English?

What's wrong, if there's anything wrong

at all, in using isintu? And what benefits,

if any exist, can we derive from learning

and using isingisi? If we are serious when

we say we are one indigenous "Azanian

nation" comprising Zulu, Sotho, Xhosa,

Tswana, Ndebele, Venda, Swazi, Tsonga

and Shangaan, then we must appreciate

the need for a common language to give

meaning to that spirit of nationhood.

No one can formulate a language to

suit a situation. A language is what people

speak. We therefore should embrace,

without shame, isingisi for the simple

reason that our youth already have some

knowledge of the language and that it is

being taught in all our schools through-:

out the country. Besides, all African

workers (I mean the masses, young and

old) have a smattering of English, something they have gained through daily

contact with whites. So let English, out

of sheer necessity, be our common

language. Just as it is for black Americans.

Don't misunderstand me. I'm not saying isintu is irrelevantNo. There's nothing

wrong, absolutely nothing wrong, in

speaking our languages where there's

accord. It would be strange indeed if I

spoke English to my mother or any

member of my own tribe for that matter

unless we find it more convenient in the

sense that it expresses better whatever it

is we are discussing. But whenever I speak

to someone whose mother tongue is

different from mine, English may invariably be the only answer to the language

problem.

Let's not be fooled. The people who

sing praises to mother tongue aren't

interested in our welfare, really. They are

keen to see us divided so they can remain

masters and we their servants. By their

very nature our languages foster the oldj

fashioned tribal prejudices which have

bogged us down from time immemorial,

ravaging mutual acceptance of our own

brotherhood as people of colour.

Our languages are also not developed

enough to cope with the times, the technological age, and there is no Zulu,

Sotho, Tswana literature, for instance, to

talk about; whatever literature exists is

too mediocre, not so much because the

people who wrote that literature can't

•write but mainly because, in most cases,

they had to conform to the parochial

requirements of the system itself.

But learning and using English will not

only give us the much-needed unifying

chord but will also land us into the exciting world of ideas; it will enable us to

keep company with kings in the world of

ideas and also make it possible for us to

share the experience of our own brothers

in the world: men such as black Americans W E Burghardt DuBois, Ralph

Ellison, James Baldwin, Richard Wright,

Langston Hughes; Chinua Achebe of

Nigeria, Ghana's Ayi Kwei Armah,

Sembene Ousmane from Senegal, South

Africa's Es'kia Mphahlele, Peter Abrahams

and a host of other men of letters.

Can't we learn from our own history,

from our past and present in order to

secure some future, by following in the

footsteps of our own elders? Wasn't it

through the study and ability in the use

of English that we have produced here in

South Africa men of the calibre of Tiyo

Soga, Sol Plaatje, R V Selope Thema,

Jacob Mfaniselo Nhlapo, John Dube,

Pixley Seme, John Tengo Jabavu, DDT

Jabavu, so on and so forth? Sons of the

soil who made good and, in a sense,

became men of the world because of this

language.

Refusing to speak English seems to me

a self-denial. We are a colonial people

after all, aren't we? Colonialism is part of

the history of Africa, and of our cultural

heritage. ___..

CSO: 3400/1624

79
SOUTH AFRICA

EX-RHODESIANS' CONTRIBUTION TO INSULTING RACIAL TERMINOLOGY NOTED

Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Jun 83 p 29

[Text]

THERE'S a redeeming side, of sorts,

to the Great Rhodesian Invasion,

which is that some of those exRhodies have certainly brought a lot of

colourful language down South with

them.

"Colour" is appropriate in more ways

than one, since what 90% of that

colourful language consists ofis references

to people of different pigmentations.

Most of these are derogatory and offensive, since the whites of Rhodesia had

developed better even than their

conterparts in South Africa the notion

that by running down those who frighten

you you fortify yourself against their

threat.

But the old, abusive, terms are no

longer the only ones. A black man in

Zimbabwe might hear himself described

as a Non-reflective; an Afromatix, or a

Still The first springs from the experiences of night-drivers; the second mainly

comes into play where goods are waiting

to be lifted; and the third sprang into

sudden use after Mugabe announced some

months ago that blacks were welcome to

beat up anybody who called them

"kaffirs". As white Zimbabweans explain,

softly, the term is short for "still kaffirs".

Traditionally blacks have a certain inventiveness of their own ir! terms of

terminology, but this has taken a different

form. It applies mainly to individual

characteristics of various, mainly white

people. These are often purely descriptive

— Mandevu is a man with a beard,

Matatazela is a person who shakes or

trembles. Maspecs wears glasses. The

notoriously scruffy millionaire owner

of a prominent black-oriented company

is Madlakadlaka, "the hobo".

It seems though that purely friendly

nicknames are the exception rather than

the rule, and terms such as Makhahlela, the

man who kicks people, or the selfexplanatory Donnerboer are more

common. Mehlomabi, "bad eyes", is for

someone with a mean look. And the kind

of person who often says "Kom kom,

jong" is likely to become Komkom.

Black terms for other races as a whole

are usually rude. Most words, apart from

the neutral dictionary definitions which

are seldom used, are a little impolite.

Amakwerekwere, for example, which can

mean either Indian or Coloureds or both.

Whitey, "abelungu" in terms of the

dictionary, is more often "amabulu"—

initially "boers" but now meaning any

white man - or "mhlophe" which

strictly speaking means simply white, as

in white paint or white walls, rather than

white person, and which also carries a

critical connotation.

Perhaps the most light-hearted term

applied by blacks is the distinction

between "voters" and "non-voters".

Another is Majatlhapi - fish-eaters, which

initially referred to the English and now

to all whites.

So too with Amadlagusha - sheepeaters. Not that the blacks had not eaten

sheep themselves, but the English in the

19th century frontier wars were reputed

to be particularly fond of mutton. In

80
Xhosa lore this was because the sheep

were the easiest animals to steal. (After

all, it is only in the official history books

that the Xhosa "stole" the settlers' cattle

and the settlers subsequently "recovered"

these. In Xhosa history the understanding

is exactly the opposite).

Xhosa is apparently the only language

whiph draws a class distinction between

whites. Rich whites are often referred to,

in all languages, as Lanies, Amalani and

the equivalent, but in Xhosa there is a

long-standing distinction between Izingamula, "gentlefolk", and Amagxagxa, poor

whites. Lately, the distinction has

changed, and now a rich black can also

be an Ingamula, whereas Amagxagxa has

taken on a connotation of hostility towards blacks and has also, say various

Xhosa-speakers, come to be generally

applied to all whites.

Colourful, and often obnoxious, as the

language of those ex-Rhodies may be,

they are not, after all, unrivalled masters

of racial terminology. _.—- ~"~'

CSO: 3400/1624

81
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK SASH REJECTS WRAB'S RIKHOTO POLICY

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Jul 83 p 3

[Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text]

THOUSANDS of migrant

workers from South Africa's

nominally independentstates

are regarded by the West

'Rand Administration Board

as ineligible for permanent

urban residence rights under

the Rikhoto judgment,

Wrab's chairman, Mr John

iKnoetze, acknowledged

iyesterday. f Wrab's policywas rejected

by a lawyer specialising in

influx control laws as "absolutely wrong" and by Mrs

Sheena Duncan, president of

the Black Sash, as "totally

unlawful".

i: Under the Rikhoto Appeal

iCourt judgment, migrant

workers who have worked

for one employer for 10 continuous years or for more

than one employer for 15 consecutive years qualify for

permanent residence in

white-designated urban

areas under Section 101(b)

of the Urban Areas Act.

; Mr Knoetze distinguished

between two types of migrant workers from the independent states of Transkei,

Ciskei, Bophuthatswana and

Venda:

•Those who completed their

10 or 15 years of service before independence; and

•Those whose 10 or 15 years

of employment ended after

independence.

Applications for Rikhoto

rights from migrant workers

who fulfilled the employment

f requirements before _in*ependence were "favouraflqr

considered", Mr Knoetze

said.

Asked what he meafflT^y

"favourably considered",jfe

; replied: "It means thejrran

; get a 101 (b) endorsement."

, Of workers who completed

) the required conditions after

' independence, Mr Knoetae

said: "Our interpretation J*

that they don't qualify*,but

we have referred their applications to head office -fora

final decision" „:.:

Wrab had not yet receive«

a definite reply from Pr»d£

ia on the matter, he added

About 8-million blacks'are

deemed to be citiaeoT'bt

Transkei, Ciskei, Bophuthatswana and Venda. It is-noj

known how many migrapj

workers from these territo»

ies are affected by WraWs

policy, but it almost certain;

ly affects thousands. >.•*.»<»•

The lawyer specialising *i

influx control said in terms

Section 12 of the Urban Areas

Act all blacks who w«£e

either South African citizens

or citizens of a terntoiy

which used to be part of

South Africa were eligible

for Section 101 (b) rights. T.

Black from the "indepetf

dent homelands" were'JJu

eligible to qualify under, the

Rikhoto judgment, he said?"

Mrs Duncan earlier;"jg|

cused Wrab of responding to

applications for Rikhtrtft

rights with "a clear policy"«

.delay".

CSO: 3400/1648

82
SOUTH AFRICA

LOW-INCOME HOUSING SCHEME FOR BLACKS DETAILED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Jul 83 p 11

[Article by Anthony Duigan]

[Text]

Ninety percent of black

householders earn less than

R450 a month, and the sale

of 500 000 State-built houses

at large discounts means

their only hope of ever

owning even the most

humble home. The scheme

will eventually prove a

boon, but right now it is

bogged down with immense

logistical problems.

Overall pay increases during

the past years aside, nine out of

10 black householders earn less

than R450 a month — meaning

they cannot afford conventional brick houses.

This is the conclusion of a

study quoted in the Municipal

Engineer magazine of

March/April, and it highlights

the positive steps taken by the

Government to put all the estimated 500 000 State-owned

houses pn sale at significant

discounts.

The mass selling campaign

'— and every black, white, coloured and Indian occupant of

a State home is eligible to

apply to buy his or Her dwell

ing — was due to get off with a

bang last week, but the sheer

complications of dealing with

so many units all built over a

considerably long period appear to have bogged the

scheme down for the present.

Mr John Knoetze, chairman

of the 'Vest Rand Administration Board, said the selling

prices of the 40 000 houses eligible for sale in Greater Soweto had already been established, but still had to be

cleared by the Department of

[Community Development.

At the same time it appears

likely that the four-roomed

township houses will sell, with

discounts, for about R1400. It

;is felt that this formula will

put home ownership Within

reach of many black householders who could never pay

anywhere near market value

for a home.

Community Development

spokesmen in Pretoria could

not give breakdowns* of the

number of white, coloured, Indian and black homes involved

because they were still waiting

for statistics to come in from

local authorities..

This figure should be available by the end of July, said Mr

Johan Kruger, CD official in

charge of co-ordinating the

selling campaign.

* One of the "logistical probi lems" Government officials are

grappling with is the selling

prices of the houses which are

83
i worked out by using a formula

% based on the original erection

jcost of the home, and the pres-

{ent cost of replacing it.

\-.. The hundreds of thousands of

(units covering all the major

i local authorities in South Africa were all built at different

.times during the past 30 years

or so and each housing scheme

and type of house requires individual pricing.

The broad outlines of the

scheme are as follows:

•The special sales programme

with stretch over the coming

year at least during which time

there will be special discounts

for buyers. Only those whose

incomes are R800 or below per

month qualify under this

': scheme.

• Once the selling price has

been determined for an individual dwelling the first option

will go to the present occupant.

• For those who pay cash for

their house — and cash includes getting a loan from any

financial institution — there

will be a discount of 25 percent

on the cost. But houses whose

selling prices are R2 500 or

below — like the four-roomed

township houses — may only

be sold for cash. Their discount

' will be 30 percent.

•Other discounts are a further

' five percent for those who have

occupied these houses as ten

I ants for longer than five years,

and another five percent for

those who buy within the first

[ 'year of the selling campaign.

[In other words, a total reduc-

; tion in the cost of these houses

. of between 35 and 40 percent is

possible.

•Leasehold and other charges

that gö "witBTbüying a noTHe"

will be added to the discounted

selling price.

•Those whose incomes are

below R450 a month may apply

to the National Housing Fund

(through the Department of

Community Development) for

a loan if they cannot find the

money privately or through a

building society or employer

loan. If a Housing Fund loan is

granted there is no 25 percent

discount for cash.

•Blacks who buy the State

houses may sell them at any

time at market value. Whites,

coloureds and Indians have to

sell them back to the Department of Community Development at a pre-determined price

during the first year after buying them.

The selling of black homes in

several areas outside Soweto,

like the East and West Rand,

Will be.delayed until surveys

have been completed on the

stands.

People who have queries

about the selling scheme should

contact the regional offices of

the Department of Community

Development in each town or

should phone Mr Kruger at

(012)323-9581.

CSO: 3400/1648

Qk
SOUTH AFRICA

FIRST BLACK WORKERS* LEGAL STRIKE SINCE 1976 REPORTED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 4 Jul 83 p 7

[From Stephen Friedman's "Labour Week" column]

[Excerpts]

LAST week, members of the National

Union of Textile Workers took legal

strike action at a Natal company. This

consists of an overtime ban and they

have set up a strike fund to see them

through.

This would not be news in any other country which lays claim to having a democratic

labour relations systems.

Here, it is a major event. The strike — at

Natal Thread in Hammarsdale — is the first

legal strike by black workers since 1976 and

only the second in labour history.

The figure for blacks is thrown into sharp

relief by the fact that there were about 1 000

strikes by these workers between 1980 and

«nd-1982 alone.

These statistics highlight why there are

growing calls for strikes and lock-outs to be

decriminalised, as they are in all free labour

systems.

Not only are anti-strike-laws unenforcable. But workers like those at Natal Thread

can still be fired by their employer for striking, even though their action is legal. This

means workers have little incentive for

making their strikes legal.

Even if strikes were decriminalised, the

law would still contain provisions which

could be used against striking black

workers.

: If an employer fires a contract worker,

;that worker may not stay in the city to look

for another job. So these strikers would still

face the prospect of losing their livelihood

permanently.

It will, therefore, take much more than an

amendment to the Labour Relations Act to

rid our statute book of anti-strike laws.

Whether NUTW's action means emerging

'• unions will make much more use of the legal

strike weapon remains to be seen.

While some are increasingly using aspects

of the official labour system where they find

this tactically necessary, the red tape ässo-

! ciated with striking legally makes any rush

by workers to use the official dispute machinery before striking unlikely.

RELATIONS between~lhe Chamber of

Mines and two black mine unions flared

briefly last week.

Last month, the two sides concluded their

first-ever wage agreement. Just as everyone

was hailing this, the black National Union of

Mineworkers demanded that talks be reopened and threatened to call a dispute if the

Chamber did not agree.

f The NUNT accused the Chamber' of bargaining in "bad faith" by withholding information from it and said it had only discovered this since the talks. The Chamber

\ denied this and refused to re-negotiate the

deal.

At a meeting late last week, harmony

seemed to have been restored, despite the

fact that the wage issue will not be reT

opened.

What seems to have happened is that,

because the Chamber said wage talks had to

be concluded within a week, the union had no

time to put the agreement to members before signing it.

When it did get back to them, they reacted

angrily and the union returned to the Chamber in an attempt to salvage the situation.

All this proves again that there is little

point in unions and employers signing agreements unless these have majority worker

support..

The Chamber, which is used to dealing

with established unions who do not go back

to their members before signing agreements, seems to have failed to realise that

the situation would be somewhat different

with a new black union.

And NUM seems not to have anticipated

the pitfalls of signing an agreement which

members had not yet ratified.

CSO: 3400/1648

85
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT WARNED OF RACE FRICTION IN MAYFAIR

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Jul 83 p 9M

[Article by Yussuf Nazeer]

[Text]

Mayfair's conservative

whites told a Group

Areas Board hearing last

week that radicals were

suggesting stoning and

burning the homes of

coloured and Indian people to stop them moving

into white Mayfair.

Indian spokesmen said

gthis had frightening implications for relations

between these two

groups.

They feared a Government ruling on Mayfair

in favour of Indians could

play into the hands of

radicals out to embarrass

the National Party's

"toenadering" constitutional proposals, which

provide for the inclusion

of Indians and coloured

people.

' A white backlash in

Mayfair would bring

about this objective, the

spokesmen predicted.

The Transvaal Indian

Congress spelt out in no

uncertain terms at the

hearing its opposition to

any Government intentions of declaring a portion of Mayfair exclusively for Indians.

Members said the Government's new strategy

to give Indians "exclusive

privileges under the diabolical Group Areas Act"

while ignoring the aspirations of both blacks and

whites was calculated to

trigger racial friction.

They said the Group

Areas Act would have to

take full responsibility

for any racial clashes in

Mayfair.

They called for the

Act's immediate scrapping as it was taking a

dangerous course — with

the help of the South

African Indian Council,

which was tacitly endorsing the Act by sanction;

ing an "Indian" area in

Mayfair.

Two leading Pageview

.spokesmen, Mr Chandu

sHari Soni and Mr Ebrahim Kharsany, who both

submitted evidence at the

hearing, also expressed

concern at the "precarious developments" in

Mayfair.

Both were opposed to

exclusively Indian areas

in the city. Mr Kharsany

called for the establish-

;ment of "open" areas

Iwhere people of different

traces who wanted to live

side by side could do so.

f Mr Kharsany suggested that Mayfair and Pajgeview become the first

|such areas as an interesting experiment.

"It has already been

working well in these two

areas, where whites and

Indians are living as

friendly neighbours," he

i said.

"But any Government

legislation to throw

whites out of their homes

is going to upset this

peaceful status quo and

will more than likely unleash a conservative

white backlash against

[Indians," Mr Kharsany

[said. , Mr Soni suggested the

;Group Area* Act be

'amended to allow the status quo in Mayfair to continue.

This was the only way

to avoid the possibility of

racial clashes should

Mayfair be given to Indians and whites be

forced out. It would also

protect Indians from losing thousands of rands on

homes bought with white

nominees if the ruling

went the other way.

"Let us be pragmatic.

The Government is dogmatic aDOUt not scrapping the foundation of its

apartheid policy, the

Group Areas Act; so we

are asking it to amend

the Act for good reasons.

"If the Government

refuses to do this, then

jwe offer it a second practical alternative: make

Pageview an open area

for all races and swop

the homes and properties

Jin Pageview with those

'owned by the Indians and

coloured people in Mayfair," said Mr Soni.

He and Mr Kharsany

both warned that if the

Government decided to

move either the whites or

the Indians out of Mayfair, a serious racial

clash could follow which

would do irreparable

harm to race relations

and further damage

South Africa's image

abroad.

And the Group Areas

Act would be fully to

blame for this, Mr Soni

said.

CSO: 3400/1648

66
SOUTH AFRICA

NOTED BLACK EDUCATIONIST ADVOCATES REVAMPING BLACK UNIVERSITIES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Jul 83 p 11

[Article by Anthony Duigan]

[Text] Fort Hare, Turfloop, Ngoye,

Medunsa — now there is calm,r

but all four black campuses

have had to contend with conflict between students and authorities this year.

At Medunsa there was a boycott of lectures last month

after the suspension of two students. This came in the wake of

tensions on the campus after a

dispute between administration

and students over a new constitution for a Students' Representative Council.

' The two students have sincej

been reinstated. All are back at

lectures.

At Ngoye (University of Zululand) last month 700 students

rampaged through the campus,

burnt a police car and caused R50 000 damage, in .a demonstration against the hanging

of three African National Congress men.

The three hangings also instigated a lecture boycott on

June 9 by Fort Hare students.

The demonstration resulted in

the arrest of 22 students who

were subsequently charged

with public violepce.

Turfloop (the University of

the North) has had most trouble this year — and has continually seen the most bitter confrontations over the years.

When the university opened in

late February there was a

threatened lecture boycott by

students when several of their

number were turned away because of lack of campus accommodation.

An anti:Republic Day demo

at the university resulted in

clashes between police and students but a worse situation developed after a June 16 commemmorative service on campus. Students claim 200 of them

were injured when police beat

them up and fired teargas. Police say they were severely

provoked.

Subsequently adecision was

made at a students' meeting to

boycott examinations and

leave the campus, which the

students did.

They returned to Turfloop

last weekend an$ are now belatedly writing examinations.

The real root of the continual tensions that break out at

these universities is the basis

on which they were established

and are run, said Professor

Zeke Mphahlele, black educationist and author who taught

at universities in Africa and

America for 20 years before returning to South Africa about

eight years ago.

Today he is professor in African literature at Wits University and heads the private Council for Black Education and

Research.

"The black universities are

institutions controlled by the

Government which works on

an ideology we all know," he

87
said in an interview. "These un

iversities are run the way the

country is run — based on

white trusteeship.

"When somebody is appointed rector, he must be approved

by the white authority and becomes an extension of the ideology along which the university is run, even if he does not

subscribe to that ideology." , The black student then regards this structure as something set up to monitor his intellectual growth and in these

circumstances he does not believe he is as free as his white

counterpart, Professor Mphah

lele added.

"This will always create a

climate in which violence and

conflict thrive.

"When students^boycott lectures for one reasiii or another

and the autnorities take a hard

line it always happens against

a background which promotes

conflict. In other words, black

university authorities are political authorities."

Professor Mphahlele believes that certain steps could

be taken — in the context of

ethnic institutions — to change

the situation.

' Make university councils

predominantly black with people who have education at

heart as a first step, he said.

Then increase the numbers of

black lecturers and introduce

"a considerable black presence" into university administrations.

But most important was for

black educationists to be called

on to revamp the curriculae at

black universities.

"These universities need to

express the culture of the people they serve," he said. "At

present they do not represent

us as black people. They

express the Establishment and

we have nothing to do with

what goes into the curriculae."

A former rector of troubled

Turfloop, Professor Johan Boshoff, believes separate black

Universities are a failure.

In a letter to "Woord en

Daad", the Afrikaans Calvinist

Movement magazine, he said

black students rejected separate universities because they

saw those institutions as proof

of their rejection as people by

whites.

CSO: 3400/1648

88
SOUTH AFRICA

MIGRANT LABOR SYSTEM SEEN DESTROYING NUCLEAR FAMILY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Jul 83 p 12M

[Article by Jean Hey]

[Text]

J

! For most people in South Africa, daily family life —

parents living with their children — is a dream.

According to the latest issue of "Work in Progress

? — (No 27), a magazine which researches contempoi rary issues in Southern Africa, the migrant laboursystem is destroying the nuclear family:

•One-parent families are rife.

|•Urban illegitimacy is estimated at 60 percent.

; •Tens of thousands bf married men live in hostels as

«"single" men.

!• Marriage no longer attracts many black women.

t The article "On the Family" includes contributions

from Black Sash national president Mrs Sheena Duncan and a post-graduate student of development studies at the University of the Witwatersrand, Miss

Joanne Yawitch.

' Miss Yawitch states that customary law — which

(demands that men take all the major decisions in the

I family — has caused extreme hardship in rural areas

because most men are migrant workers away from

home for 11 months of the year.

< Rural doctors, she says, quote cases of children

dying because their mothers are too scared to allow

; them to be admitted to hospital without permission

jfrom their husbands. More and more women are now

choosing to stay single.

I In urban areas marriage seems to be losing its

popularity as well. •

|; Wives complain they have to hand over most of

Itheir salaries to their men. Overcrowding, crime,

jpoverty and increasing unemployment impose further strains on the individual. --.-....-•

"It is often the family that bears the burden »f

oppression and frustration," says Miss Yawitch.

In her contribution, Mrs Duncan says there is no

advantage in the state of matrimony for blacks* "It

merely creates new anxieties.

"Men and women who will never be able to live

together see no point in the marriage bond. They

form casual relationships and the 60 percent illegitimacy rate in Soweto is one indication of this."

She also claims overcrowding has seriously distorted the pattern of family life in the black community.

"The Government's manipulation of the supply of

housing has always been designed to control the presence of black people in urban areas. Between 1968

and 1978 an embargo on the building of family housing was enforced. During those years the waiting list

in all areas grew to unmanageable proportions."There are now an estimated 39000 qualified

black families waiting for houses in Soweto alone,

and a conservatively estimated national shortage of

140 000 family units in urban areas outside the bantustans.

r "Houses designed for a nuclear family unit are now

bursting at the seams with three or four generations

vying with one another for space. Privacy rarely

exists and the consequent distortions in family relationships lead to brother turning against brother in

their attempts to obtain the tenancy of the family

home on the death of the parents."

The housing shortage has led to children and old

people being abandoned. Mrs Duncan concludes: "We

have a national disaster on our hands."

CSO: 3400/1648

89
SOUTH AFRICA

VAAL REEFS EXPERIMENTAL USE OF TRACKLESS EQUIPMENT REPORTED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 2 Jul 83 p 11

[Article by Brendan Ryan]

[Text]

VAAL REEFS gold

mine is using trackless

mining equipment to

develop a 2 200 m-long

haulage which will

evaluate the potential

of the machinery.

The project, which will

take about a year to complete, is part of the attempt

by the gold-mining industry

to mechanise operations

where possible and so. improve productivity.

The haulage consists of

two parallel tunnels being

developed south-west of No 8

shaft at a depth of 1570 m to

open up an area for future

mining.

The equipment includes an

Atlas Copco Buffalo H38 drill

rig, two Wagner ST5H loadihaul dumpers, an Atlas

Copco H22 Boltec roof bolter

and a Rocor Rand IB2T general service vehicle.

All are diesel-powered and

have been modified to cope

with underground conditions

in gold mines which place severe size limitations on the

equipment.

Operations are continuous,

ilthe machines switching from

one tunnel to the other as the

drill-blast-load cycle

requires.

I Conventional development

methods employ large numbers of hand-held drills operating from rails.

Roof bolting is essential

for adequate roof support.

Conventional roof bolting

techniques use standard rock

drills to drfll^the holes into^

which the rooFboItsare then

, pushed.

The roof bolting machine

to be used in the. project is

hydraulic and much faster

; than conventional techJniques. They have long been

used in coal mines.

A prime objective of the

programme is to show total

costs of the operation can be

held to levels competitive

with those of conventional

development methods, says

Mr George Lundstrom, of

Technical Development Services (TDS), who is in charge

of the operation.

"We Hope to show we can

make this method cost-com-

! petitive. It will cut labour requirements by 40% and increase productivity."

The development team

'consists of 18crew members

f on each shift with one developer in charge. As much of

the equipment is hydraulic

mere are also a fitter and

; two helpers on each shift. An

electrician in available on a

i part-time basis.

! All the black operators

have passed a one-month

training course in hydraulics

rand the jobs are much sought

after.

The workers need at least

a Std 8 education. Mr Lundstrom says they are readily

available from the mine

Iwork forces where their full

potential was not being

I realised.

I The mechanised operation

! can advance at a' rate of

1.3,9 m a blast instead of 2 m

I using conventional development methods.

During the programme

j every aspect of the operation

(is monitored and recorded.

i "At the end of it we will be

able to assess whether this

system is a viable alternative

to conventional development

and answer such questions as

the costs of the operation and

the amount of downtime experienced on the machinery,"

says Mr Lundstrom.

Several separate trackless

jnining and development projects have been, or are being,

tried on other Anglo American Corporation mines including Western Deep Levels

and President Brand.

CSO: 3400/1648

90
PROBLEM OF CISKEI CATTLE CROSSING INTO SA EXAMINED

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 28 Jun 83 p 5

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

EAST LONDON — The

Minister of Foreign

Affairs, Mr Pik Botha,

has been asked to deal

with the problem of the

hundreds ofstarving cattle from Ciskei which

are crossing the South

African border to graze

on bordering farms.

The MP for the Albany

district, Mr Errol Moorcroft, said yesterday that

he had already

approached. the Minister on behalf of the Border farmers but so far

had received no satisfactory answer.

According to farmers

in the area, the raiding

cattle, which are

allegedly driven across

the border because grazing on the Ciskei side

has been exhausted,

have created problems

of grazing out land

which has been kept unused as part of a rotational grazing scheme.

Also, farmers say that

the invading animals are

often tick-ridden and

are infecting herds with

a variety of tick-borne

diseases, among them

red-water, heartwater

and gall sickness.

Mr Moorcroft said it:

was his attitude that the i

farmers who find themselves in the position of

border farmers as a consequence of the government's policy of creating

independent states have

every right to expect the

protection of the state.

"The responsibility of

providing this protection rests fairly and

squarely on the shoulders of the Minister of

Foreign Affairs. The

problem is not ofthe farmers making and until a

solution is reached, I

will pursue the matter

further," Mr Moorcroft

said.

The Ciskeian Minister

of Agriculture, Mr L.

Fani, said meetings had

been held with the South

African GOTj^rnment, _npt

specifically dealing with

the problem of stock

crossing the border but

with matters of a general

nature.

Mr Fani said the reason for cattle crossing

the border was that the

rivers, which acted as

natural boundaries,

were drying up.

"We have also had cattle from South Africa

crossing into Ciskei,"

he said.

"Concerning the matter of ticks," Mr Fani

said, "our instructions

are that people dip regularly. We also have officials that go around and

check.

"Other than this, I cannot comment further

without going into the

matter in some detail,"

he said.

Mr Moorcroft said a

proposal to fence the

border from the Fish

River Mouth to Fort

Brown had been rejected not only for the

reason that the Fish River has been known to

flood unpredictably but

also it would deprive

one or the other side of

valuable riverside grazing. — DDR

CSO: 3400/1648

91
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

IRON SCALE SHORTAGE--YOU may have read that production of fuel from coal at

Sasol is being threatened by water shortage if the drought continues. But

the shortage of a much more obscure commodity, iron scale, is causing the

com*:!;; iz ^^ *«*«*«. n*. »t«^ is «^^^^^

as a useless by-product of the steel-making process, but Sasol buys it by

the ton to make catalysts which are used in its synthol reactors. Local

steel producers who used to dump their scale were delighted when Sasol first

offered them money for it. But because of plant shutdowns due tc> Bluggxsh

steel sales, they now have precious little scale for sale. Catalysts are

vital to Sasol and their production processes are kept secret. Components

of them are made by a company called African Catalysts which is owned by

Sasol, Sudchemie of Germany and United Catalysts of the US. Sasol is

intensifying research into producing a scale subsitute from iron ore. If

^succeeds Sasol will have a better chance of selling its technology

overseas as it will be able to offer a ready-made catalyst to customers

which do not have access to iron scale. [Text] [Broomfontem FRONTLINE m

English July 83 p 30]

ENGLISH LANGUAGE MEDIUM—The - idea of English serving as a lingu franca in

South Africa and helping to facilitate communication between different

sectors of the community and to forge a new nation out of its ^verse

elements was mooted at the black unity conference at the weekend. The

liberation movement has to evolve and implement a democratic language policy,

not for tomorrow but for today," Dr Neville Alexander said in a keynote

address Dr Alexander, a former Robben Island prisoner, mooted a two-tier

langte policy for the "liberation" movement. "All Azanians must have a

sound Some language or a second language. All Azanians must have a conversational knowledge of the other regionally important languages F

°*

example, in the Eastern Province, every person will know EngUsh. Afrikaans

speaking persons must have a conversational knowledge of Xhosa, and XhosaSeakine persons will have a conversational knowledge of Afrikaans In

SoSer paper, Mr John Samuels, director of the South African Council of

Sgher Education developed a similar theme when he spoke on the National

English Language Project (NELP) . "Politically, the project is essential

became o? the fact that only a lingua franca or linking language can in

the long run guarantee the unity of the nation of South Africa," he said,

»ite nation-building aspect of this project is its most fundamental feature.

92
Because of the National Party Government's sectarian insistence on treating

English and Afrikaans as co-equal official languages, state resistance will

be forthcoming. "However, since such a project is necessarily communitybased and national...it will be impossible for any government to stop it.

This language movement will become simultaneously a cultural movement,

since it is clear that different cultural elements will be, or can be,

conveyed to all sections of population through the same language medium.

The NELP will also constitute a guarantee that South Africa will not be

isolated from the rest of the world." Mr Samuels ended on a cautionary note

warning that some English language programme could be inimical to the black

cause. "There are a large number of English language programmes whose sole

aim xs to slot their students more effectively into the apartheid machinery."

[Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 14 Jun 83 p 7]

SOWETO JOURNALIST DETAINED-In a predawn raid the Security Police this

week detained Mr George Sello Seripe, a young Soweto journalist at his

Central Western Jabavu home. The Police Directorate in Pretoria confirmed

hxs detention. In a brief statement the police said Mr Seripe was being

held in terms of Section 29 of Act 74-the Internal Security Act of 1982.

Mr Seripe, a former pupil of Mapetla Tswana High School in Soweto, was

whxsked away from his home, 553 Central Western Jabavu, at dawn on Monday,

SOWTANn?v n

1S tg

l

nS

r Too"' ?* Dora Serlpe'

[Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN xn Englxsh 8 Jul 83 p 3]

BLACKS OPPOSE ADMIN BOARD-Durban-Black residents of Chesterville township

near Durban have followed the example of Lamontville resident! in deeding

that the township be administered by the Durban Corporation instead of the

Port Natal Admxnxstration Board. Both townships have been the scene of

ZTT^S Unrf

S

V

inf tpr±1 thls

y

ear'About 2

000 Chesterville residents

met at the weekend and after lengthy discussions passed a resolution calling

for the township to be administered by the Durban Corporation. Lamontville

residents adopted a similar resolution last week. Mrs P. Simelane, a

member of the Joxnt Rent Action committee at Chesterville, said residents

voted xn favour of the Durban Corporation because it had ample resources

and was dxrectly subsidised by the central Government. Both townships

face rent increases later this year. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

in English 12 Jul 83 p 14]

FIRST BLACK POLICEWOMEN-Twenty Black policewomen started their training

at the Hammanskraal Police Training College at the weekend. The women

moved into their temporary dormitories, took the oath and met the Press on

Friday Brigadier Duveen Botha, commanding officer of the SA Women Police

said the women would receive the same training, salaries, promotions

opportunities and other benefits enjoyed by their counterparts in other

racial groups. 'The women will do uniform work policing and they will wear

the same uniform as the other members of the police force," he said. They

would not be issued with fire-arms because policewomen would not be required

to do duty xn dangerous spots or in the border areas. Brig Botha said

polxce wanted to start off with more women but could not do so because the

women s permanent dormitories were not completed. Thus the number had to

be limited to 20. "We hope to train more women as soon as their dormitories

93
have been completed," he said. The recruits' training will include six

courses—police science, investigation of crime, criminal procedure,

criminal law, law of evidence and police administration. There will also

be practical courses in first aid, self-defence and gymnastics. Basic

training will last six months and, after successful completion, recruits

will be posted to police stations throughout the country.—Sapa [Text]

[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jul 83 p 9]

FORT HARE STUDENTS—King William's Town—An urgent application to reinstate

about 1 500 expelled students at Fort Hare University was lodged by

attorneys representing four of the students in the Ciskei Supreme Court

yesterday. The students, Mr Hazzy Sibanyoni, Mr Sandile Nongxina, Mr

Loyiso Stamper and Mr Simpiwe Mgoduso, lodged an application declaring

the student dismissal invalid. Their expulsion followed a mass student

boycott on the campus last year. A spokesman for T.M. Mdlalala and Company

said the initial application was issued on August 7 last year before the

Ciskei Chief Justice, Mr D.S. de Wet. On September 23 last year, Mr Justice

De Wet upheld the expulsion decision by the university rector, Prof J.A.

Lamprecht. The spokesman said a notice of appeal was again lodged on

October 6, but the Ciskei Supreme Court had no full bench to hear the appeal

at the time. Describing the full bench delay as a "thorn in the flesh," a

statement by the attorneys to the students' parents confimed that "the Chief

Justice of Ciskei is awaiting the appointment of the full bench...as soon

as the appointment has been made, the registrar will set the matter down for

hearing."—Sapa [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jul 83 p 11]

CCAWUSA LAUDS CHECKERS STRIKE VICTORY—The 10 000-strong Commercial

Catering and Allied Workers Union of South Africa (Ccawusa) regards the

labour dispute by over 600 Checkers workers, who returned to work today

after a 10-day strike a "major demonstration of workers unity." The

union's general secretary, Mrs Emma Mashinini told the SOWETAN yesterday

that the workers had made a "great impact" in conscientising other workers

to "stand and fight for your rights." About 700 striking Checkers workers

have returned to work after a settlement was reached following nearly two

weeks of a labour dispute. Johannesburg's management of Checkers has

agreed to transfer the assistant manager of their Killarney store to

another post where he would have "minimal contact with workers," according

to Mrs Mashinin. She said about 70 workers had protested against the

manager's ill-treatment of staff and also accused him of a "racist attitude"

towards workers. Other workers' grievances, such as a R80 wage increase

and the reinstatement of a dismissal of a colleague will be discussed at

a later stage. However, she said, workers' demands that they be paid while

out on strike has been turned down. The workers have been given an assurance

that they would not be victimised on return. Mrs Mashinini also said that

about 10 workers at Jet Store in Sasolburg who went out on a three-day

strike returned to work yesterday. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English

14 Jul 83 p 2]

ANTICOUNCIL CAMPAIGN GROWS—The campaign for the boycott of community council

elections scheduled for September is going to be intensified and nationalised.

A formidable alliance of political, worker and community organisations, spearheaded by the anti-Community Council Committee, is working on plans to high-

_light_the campaign. A spokesman for the committee, Mr Isaac Mogase, said

9k
the campaign was going to be intensified through a series of meetings to be

held throughout the country. "It is important that people must know that

community councils are useless, dummy institutions," Mr Mogase said. Some

of the organisations that are going to participate in the campaign are

the Soweto Civic Association, General and Allied Workers' Union, Federation

of South African Women and the Azanian People's Organization (Azapo). A

significant aspect of the campaign is that it will mobilise for the boycott

of the elections even if community councils are given town council status.

"We cannot accept participation at local level without meaningful participation in the central sturcture of the country," he said. The chairman of the

Committee of Ten, Dr Nthato Motlana said he was confident the campaign would

succeed. Speculation is rife that faced with such a massive campaign, the

Government is likely to postpone the elections indefinitely. The publicity

secretary of Azapo, Mr Ishmael Mkhabela said his organisation would cooperate with the committee. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English

14 Jul 83 p 2]

CSO: 3400/1650

95
SWAZILAND

DETAILS ON LUPOHLO-EZULWINI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT GIVEN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jul 83 p 6

[Article by Patrick Bulger]

[Text]

MBABANE — Swaziland's Ezulwini

Valley — also known as the Valley of

Heaven — was as entrancing to turnof-the-century author Rider Haggard

as it is to visitors today.

Soon the steep incline which forms

part of the panorama is set to make a

more direct contribution to the kingdom when the Lupohlo-Ezulwini hydroelectric scheme comes on line.

The R50 million project is nearing

completion and, although the Lusushwana River which will feed it is at its

lowest level in years, the planners are'

confident there will be no delays.

At its peak it will deliver 20 Mw —

a little less than a third of Swaziland's

requirements.

"We have'200 m left to dig in the low

[pressure tunnel and we are still busy

with the steel liners in the high

pressure tunnel. But we should be producing electricity by early next year,"

said the general manager of the Swaziland Electricity Board, Mr Ken Thomson.

The scheme, which will reduce Swaziland's reliance on South Africa's

Escom power by 15 percent, is the

country's second hydro-electric

project. The first, at Edwaleni, also has

a 20 Mw capacity. ;

The Lupohlo-Ezulwini project consists of three major sections.

The first entails damming the Lusushwana River behind the Lupohlo

mountain which forms one side of the

valley.

Construction workers have had to

pile 800 000 cubic metres of rock to

build a 45m-high dam wall which will

eventually hold back a column of

water 4% km long and 1 km wide.

"In a year of normal rainfall it

should fill in 13 weeks," Mr Thomson

said.

The second section consists of a

water outlet at the bottom of the dam,

[a tunnel downhill through the mountain

connected to a high pressure tunnel on

the other side through which water will

be accelerated towards the turbines.

Two 10 Mw generators, transformers and switchgear equipment complete the scheme.

Contracts to build the scheme were

awarded in October 1981 after loans

had been secured from the World Bank,

the Commonwealth Development Corporation, the European Development

Bank, West Germany's Kreditanstalt

FWR Wiederaufbaw, the African Development Bank, the Swaziland National Provident Fund and the Swaziland Government.

In an average year Swaziland gets 65

percent of the 70 Mw it needs from

South Africa, but this year's drought

has increased its reliance by 10 percent.

The new project should cut this dependence to 50 percent.

"It will make a hiccup in the pattern

of dependence on South Africa," Mr

Thomson said, adding that Swaziland's

96
power needs were growing by 10 percent annually.

The kingdom's advanced agricultural system uses 30 percent of available power, domestic users 15 percent

and commercial users 10 percent. Factories and mines use the remainder..

Mr Thomson says reducing dependence on South Africa is not a priority.

"Obviously Swaziland would not like

to be completely dependent' on South

Africa but we are a small consumer

and economics come into it — South

Africa produces power more cheaply

than we can," he said.

, Although there were no immediate

plans further to increase Swaziland's

power generating capacity, the possibility of using coal was being investigated, Mr Thomson said. This may only

become a reality towards the end of

the decade.

CSO: 3400/1647

97
SWAZILAND

SWAZIS BENEFIT FROM HARD TIMES IN EUROPE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Jul 83 p 14M

[Article by Malcolm Fothergill]

[Text]

The ill wind of Europe's recession has blown some good into an

unlikely corner of the world — a

remote area of north-eastern

Swaziland, where the country's

first brickworks will soon be

taking shape.

The company hired by the

Swazi Government to design,

build and commission the R9

million brickworks is London

Brick Engineering, which hopes

to provide similar services in a

number of countries, including

the homelands, Lesotho and Bot

swana.

Managing director Mr Derek

Lawrence, who has been negotiating the deal for the past year

and a half, stresses that LBE is

not moving into Africa to compete with local brick manufacturers. t

"We are trying to sell our machinery and knowhow. That's

really what we're after."

His firm will take a minority

shareholding — less than 20 percent — in the venture and will

leave the marketing to South

African brick giants Tongaat

Corogroup.

> Toncorö managing director

Mr Cedric Savage says there

should be no problem in placing

the Swazi brickworks' products

in South Africa — the one-million smooth-faced bricks a week

the works will produce will add

up to slightly more than one

percent of local production.

Since the weight and bulk of

bricks makes them costly to

transport, most will go to Northern Natal and the Eastern

Transvaal.

Thanks to Toncoro's close

links with its counterparts in

Europe, Mr Savage has known

about the LBE plans to move

Into Swaziland since they were

first mooted — as he has also

known about the plans of other

recession-hit European firms to

sell their expertise in Southern

Africa.

"It's strange," he says. "We're

a brick manufacturer with

something like 46 plants. If anyone is equipped to help an African country get a brickworks

going it's us.

"But because foreign aid is

often linked to the provision of

technical services we don't get

asked, even though we're right

on the doorstep."

The Swaziland brickworks is

expected to take a year to complete, which means it should be

in production halfway through

next year.

LBE, which is a sister compa-

»hy of EüröpelTTargest brick"

manufacturer, London Brick

Products, will supply a British

managing director. _ Mr Savage is confident the

South African market will be

able to take all the bricks the

works can produce, even though

the present strong demand for

bricks for homes is likely to collapse soon. .

"The residential demand is

probably stronger now than

ever," he says, "but this is

changing. ,

"The market has been out of

phase with the rest of the economy. It's been tremendously

buoyant while the rest of the

economy has been shrinking.

"We believe the buoyancy will

continue for another four

months and will then be reduced

because of constriction of funds.

"We expect demand to fall in

four or five months and then

pick up again with the rest of

the economy."

CSO: 3400/1647

98
SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

FRENCH LOAN TO SWAZIS—Mbabane—The French Government is to provide a loan

of R3 million for the development and upgrading of Swaziland's airport at

Matsapha, to be improved to semi-international standards. The agreement

was signed when a five-man Swazi delegation visited France. The total cost

of the planned expansion for the airport is more than R20 million.—Sapa

[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 83 p 25]

SYRA FIGHTS UNEMPLOYMENT—The Swaziland Youth Relief Association (SYRA) has

stepped up its fight against unemployment. The association is planning a

number of fund-raising campaigns in various parts of the country to achieve

its goals. "Swaziland has a major problem of out-of-school youths without

any job opportunities," said SYRA Secretary, Mrs Delia Nsibandze. These

youths, she said, had no hope for the future, Mrs Nsibandze said. She

invited national organisations and individuals to join hands with her

association in fighting youth unemployment in the country. "Our best

bet for success in this project is to have more people donating or joining

the association," Mrs Nsibandze said. "The proceeds from the fund-raising

campaigns will be used on skills development and job-orientation programmes

for these young people." She said the association has so far been able to

organise tutorship for Form III failures to retake examinations. These

examinations would be held at the Mbabane Church Youth Centre, Mrs Nsibandze said. She appealed to Form V failures to come forward and help

educate their brothers and sisters who had not been able to obtain passes

in Form III. "Some of these Form V failures got good passes in certain

subjects. They could help us with the Form III failures in those subjects."

This was a case of the students teaching each other for the benefit of the

nation, she said. The first fund-raising will be held in Manzini tomorrow.

Mrs Nsibandze said there would be a street collection and a jumble sale.

The association hoped to raise at least E7000 to set some of their plans

in motion. She said donations should be addressed to The Secretary,

Swaziland Relief Association, P.O. Box A125, Mbabane. [Text] [Mbabane

THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 6 Jul 83 p 3]

MAIZE GIFT FROM TAIWAN—The Republic of China has donated about 988 tons of

white maize in Swaziland. The first consignment of 120 tons arrived through

the Ngwenya Border Post yesterday. The food was transported to the Ngwempisi

Rural Development Area depot. It will take about 10 days to complete the

deliveries of the maize from South Africa, the sources said. The Republic

99
of China bargained very hard with South Africa to get the maize," the sources

said. "As you will be aware, it is rather difficult to get maize on the

South African market these days because of drought. They themselves have

to import some of their maize." The value of the maize consignment is being

estimated at El.3m. [Text] [Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English

6 Jul 83 p 1]

CSO: 3400/1647

100
TANZANIA

PLANS FOR CREATION OF AUTO INDUSTRY 'IN SERIOUS TROUBLE1

London AFRICA NOW in English No 27 Jul 83 p 81

[Text] in the mid-70s, when Tanzania's exports

were flourishing and industrial growth was

notably brisk, the time looked ripe for the

Dar es Salaam government to plan a

domestic motor industry. They envisaged

producing passenger cars, light commercial

and four-wheel drive vehicles, motor cycles,

buses and even heavy lorries. The idea was

to create several sectors all fed from local

component manufacturers on the same new

industrial estate.

But in today's economic reality the plan

has been postponed until Tanzania is in a

position to do something beyond shortterm economic measures. At present, it is

unable even to import the spares and raw

materials which the industry badly needs.

Even Tanzania's heavy truck producer, the

only part of the plan so far put into effect,

is running at less than a third of capacity

with little prospect of immediate

improvements.

The future of Leyland Albion

(Tanzania), the country's only other heavy

vehicle assembler, hangs in the balance.

Components makers are few.

Tanzania Automobiles Manufacturing

Company (TAMCO) is the state-designated

heavy vehicle builder. It assembles about

350 Scania trucks and a few buses a year on

a new industrial estate, about 30kms

outside Dar es Salaam. Saab-Scania, the

Swedish manufacturer, holds a !0°7o equity

stake and is responsible for providing the

expertise. The arrangement saves Tanzania - precious foreign exchange. It is estimated

that about shsl.52m is saved every year

through the project. Tanzania has to pay

about 12°7o less to buy kits of parts than if it

imported complete Scanias.

Leyland Albion, like TAMCO, builds its

vehicles from kits. It produces 24U ouses

and trucks every year and also handles

Leyland spares and servicing at its base in

Dar es Salaam. The company is wholly

owned by a British firm, BL^Holdings. But

this Tanzanian company has also become

victim of the country's shortage of foreign

exchange.

Leyland Albion may be forced to stop

assembly of new trucks and buses by the

end of 1983. It needs hard cash to buy parts

kits abroad. Added to this is another headache — the continued shortage of Leyland

spares in Tanzania. This leaves many

Leyland truck and bus owners in a dilemma

whether to drive unroadworthy vehicles.

During the whole of last year, Leyland

Albion received no allocation of foreign

exchange.

By about June, whatever is available by

way of spare parts will have dried up.

Leyland buses, which provide most of

Tanzania's passenger transport, will come

to a grinding halt. At present, one can

already see the strain imposed on these

services. SeverTout^oTlO bus journeys end

up in breakdown far out in the dense

Tanzanian jungle.

TAMCO has the benefit of coming under

the umbrella of a parastatal. But it too is

beginning to feel problems. Originally set

up to produce 1,200 units a year, TAMCO

has run at just about 30% capacity.

TAMCO has had a stroke of luck by the

eleventh-hour arival of its quota of foreign

exchange approved by the Central Bank of

Tanzania. This augurs well for the

parastatal becuase it can order parts kits

from Sweden in advance, which will save

the firm from an unexpected -gap in the

production of vehicles. However, this may

only be a temporary cure, for TAMCO'S

allocation of foreign exchange is believed to

be smaller than expected. Already lower

production levels are predicted unless the

firm gets additional foreign exchange.

The malaise is countrywide — factory

closures are now a common occurrence.

President Julius Nyerere's address to the

annual meeting of the Chama Cha

Mapinduzi ruling party, many observers

101
believe, will escalate the problem. Nyerere

stressed that foreign exchange for industries

would be distributed among fewer

factories, with priority to export-orientated

manufacturers, so that they could operate

nearer capacity.

Last November the Arusha-based

General Tyre plant was closed for the

second time in a year. This has certainly hit

TAMCO.

Nyerere declared that no new cars will be

imported: "We shall concentrate any

foreign exchange we have for transportation on the purchase of spare parts, with

priority given to lorries, bicycles and motorcycles — in that order."

There is a hope for Leyland Albion1

because its role in spares and servicing is

assured. But until recently, what has

concerned Tanzania is the uncertain

outcome of a renewed application to

Britain's Export Credits Guarantee'

Department (ECGD) for underwriting £5m

worth of vehicle kits from British Leyland's

plant in England. The ECGD rejected

Tanzania's first application because of the

country's dismal outlook. Now terms of

business are restricted to strictly confirmed

irrevocable letters of credit.

Apart from that Leyland Albion's one

hope is seeking aid from world bodies like

the United Nations, World Bank or the

EEC. The EEC has already given Tanzania

$15m to rehabilitate 600 stranded vehicles

and to complete bodies on 700 more.

Leyland Albion is worried that with its

foreign exchange problems, the Dar es

Salaam government may be tempted to

accept aid packages from anywhere,

including Japan. Japanese motor

companies are already negotiating with

Tanzania, particularly in the four-wheeldrive sector, and sources in Dar es Salaam

say that Tokyo could back its_efforts_ with

irresistible soft loans • ^''"

CSO: 3400/1640

102
UPPER VOLTA

SANKARA POWER STRUGGLE DISCUSSED

London WEST AFRICA in English 27 Jun 83 pp 1490-1492

[Text]

The struggle for power between younger officers, led by Captain Thomas

Sankara, and the "old style army men", personified by Colonel Gabriel Yorian

Some, an officer of the former colonial army, continues. Our correspondent in

Ouagadougou recounts the latest blows struck in this bataille de tendances and

explains their political significance.

CAPTAIN Thomas Sankara and Major

Jean-Baptiste Lingani have been released

from detention for the second time in two

weeks in an attempt by President Ouedraogo to diffuse a potentially serious revolt

by pro-Sankara commandos based in P6,

near the Ghana border. On release, Sankara travelled immediately to the commando garrison and returned to the capital with

20 of the "rebels" for negotiations. The

party included Captain Blaise Compaore,

Pö's senior officer.

The rebels made three demands of President Ouedraogo; the pensioning-off of

Colonel Some; the formation of a new

army structure with places for all the

original dissenters; and the complete and

unconditional release of Sankara and his

allies. The last two demands have been

met, but the future of Colonel Some

remains unclear.

It is clear, however, that if Sankara has

won this battle, he has yet to win the war.

Ouagadougou remains tense, and on

Saturday June 18 the main arms depot in

the capital was blown up, causing considerable damage and injuries. A veil of official

secrecy has been thrown over these events.

The events preceeding the explosion,

however, can now be detailed, and their

political significance confirmed.

At the time of Captain Sankara's first !

arrest on May 17, the commando unit in

P6, beside the Ghanaian border, immediately went on the alert and took

complete control of the town, including the

sections of the armed forces.

.Following his release from prison at the

end of May, Captain Sankara went down

to P6 on Sunday June 5 to negotiate with

the commandos. He was accompanied on

his journey south by a senior officer. Two

days after this visit. Sankara was put under

house arrest via an order signed by President Ouedraogo. His arrest was guarded

by an army detachment sent down for the

purpose from Ouahigouya in the northwest of the country. On June 10, Sankara

was again placed under full arrest and.

transferred to the Regiment Inter-Armes

police arid customs posts, and-cut telephone communications with the rest of the

country. The military siege of the town was

downgraded two weeks later on May 30,

but the garrison remained in open political

revolt.

The garrison's commanding officer,

Captain Blase Campaore, asked for the

rehabilitation of former office holders of

the CSP; for concrete propositions to

restore confidence in the army; for guarantees of their own safety and for a safeguard

of the "interests of the Voltaic people",

There are just 100 men in the P6 unit, but

they are considered amongst the best

trained in the army, they know the P6 area

so thoroughly that they were confident

they could resist an attack from any other

103
Ouahigouya

r

/

i

\

N *•-»

s\W//

.2 ^ = High Ground #*

"G

V

Kaya *'

i

/

/

i

V OUAGADOUGOU

GHANA •" DPa **•*.. 9

a

Bolgatangaj

(RIA) camp on the outskirts of Ouagadougou. No reasons were given for the

re-arrest.

News of the re-arrest began to spread

through Ouagadougou over the weekend

of June 11-12, initially meeting disbelief

because of the general satisfaction which

had greeted his release and the tensions

"re-arrest were likely to cause. This worry

was heightened when the Ministry of Defence put out periodic announcements on

the radio over the weekend warning people

not to join "false armies". There was only

one Voltaic army, the radio said.

After that weekend, travellers from P6

to the capital reported that Compaore"s

commandos were stopping all travellers

entering or leaving the border town, searching their cars and studying their papers.

Only those with written authorisation from

a senior commando officer at the P6 camp

were allowed through. The commandos

were heavily armed but the atmosphere

was not tense, and police and customs

officers were being allowed to carry out

their normal duties from their posts. The

commandos clearly had no intention of

dramatically "marching on Ouagadougou"

to free Sankara. But they remained in open

political confrontation with the President.

The land around Pö has good cover and

is hilly: with the rainy season approaching,

Compaore knew he would be able to resist

any attack except one reinforced with air

support. Such a heavy-handed approach

was not favoured by the universal conciliator President Ouedraogo. The same

could not be said of the surprising re-arrest

of Captain Sankara, which was taken by

many as one more sign of the increasing

role then being played by the ever-present

Colonel Gabriel Yorian Some.

Appointed on May 25 as General Secretary of National Defence (with ministerial

rank), Some' appeared to be.closer to real

power than he had ever been before,

despite the high offices he had consistently

held since 1966.

Neither Captain Sankara nor the 'commandos at P6 wanted to see Jean-Bäptiste

Ouedraogo fall from power. One reason

for this was the very real fear that the

hardline Colonel Some would seize power

in any resultant confusion. Colonel Marcel

Tamini, who replaced Somd as Army Chief

on May 25, went down to P6 to negotiate

at the start ofJune; those who did not want

to see open conflict were hoping that

Colonel Some did not take charge of the

negotiations.

Colonel Some is an old-style army man

with no love of the ideas presented by

Captain Sankara during his months as

Prime Minister. He would undoubtedly

have taken issue with Sankafa's view -that

the people knew more than the politicians,

as he would with Sankara's statement in

late March, that "the enemies of the

people-. . . are those politicians who are

convinced that only they can save Upper

Volta. But we in the CSP are convinced

that seven million Voltaics are seven million politicians capable of leading this

country".

101;
Addressing himself to his Government,

Sankara had insisted that "the Voltaic

people are not only capable of knowing,

deciding and understanding what is best

suited to their own interests, but they are

capable of building with their hands. To

help then achieve this, the Government

must have confidence in them ... We

must not be afraid of the masses and

barricade ourselves into our airconditioned offices to think loftily in their

place . . . We must help the people to

organise themselves freely, because it is

through organising democratically and

freely that they can express themselves

better, that they can make use of their

experience and[wisdom".

The Government's primary role was,

according to Sankara, to listen to the

people: this was why Sankara established a

weekly radio programme "En Direct avec

le CSP" ("Direct Line to the CSP"), and

an army newspaper "1'Armee du Peuple"

("The People's Army"). Via both

mediums, people were encouraged to participate. This was why Sankara was so

enthusiastic about the visits carried out

around the country by members of the CSP

and why he organised mass rallies at which

people could put their questions or views

to ministers and to the CSP.

For Captain Sankara, there is no point in

looking at economic measures until a

fundamental political restructuring has

taken place. People are still waiting to see

whether the "innovations" will be enacted

or, yet again, postponed.

CSO: 3400/1625

105
ZAMBIAN-TANZANIAN BANKS STREAMLINE TAZARA FUND REMITTANCES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 30 Jun 83 p 5

ZAMBIA

[Text] THE Bank of Zambia and the Central Bank of Tanzania have streamlined trade procedures and the

remittance of Tazara money in both countries.

Announcing this in

Lusaka yesterday governor of the National Bank

of Tanzania Mr Charles

Nyirabu said there

should now be no problems in externalising

Tazara money from both',

countries.

Governors of the two central

banks had been holding discussions in Lusaka for the past

three days to examine how

existing monetary arratieenients between them were

working.

The Tazara case was

specifically examined after

complaints made by the last

Tazara council of ministers

meeting in Lusaka over delays

in remmitting money in either

direction. ..'•*. Mr Nyirabu said it was

necessary to meet in view of a

recent cooperation agreement

signed between the governments of Tanzania and Zambi3Ähd Bank of Zambia

governor Mr Bitwell Kuwani

said existing trade arrangements between the two count

sometime now and the meeting only looked at how efficiently it was operating, and

made changes where necessary.

Under the arrangement

goods bought by a Tanzanian

importer from Zambia were

being p.iid for in Tanzanian

currency to the central bank in

Dar es Salaam which in turn

credited the Bank of Zambia

account there.

The Bank of Zambia for its

part will pay the exporter in

Zambian currency for his

goods.

Mr Kuwani said the major

problem was that commercial

banks did not understand the

arrangement.

Specific instructions had

now been given to commercial

banks who would then instruct

their customers as'they were

the ones who directly dealt

withImporters and exporters.

Mr Kuwani and Mr Nyirabu

said they did not foresee any

problems.

The objective had been to

avoid the use of foreign exchange in transactions between the two countries as this i Dexween xne «»«,. was j h^ ,

nes had been streamlined Mf N irabu

PP

su ted in

after the meeting. tuture >ne tw0

SB

countries

The ««"JF'f.^J* should look at the establishtrade in which foreign ex- ment of border trade between change would not be used. , t

f,em

Mr Kuwani said the arrangement had been in force for

CSO: 3400/1564

106
ZAMBIA

ZAIRE-ZAMBIA OFFICIALS HOLD BORDER TALKS AT DISTRICT LEVEL

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 3 Jul 83 p 1

[Article by Patu Simoko]

[Text]

CSO: 3400/1636

A NEW initiative to solve

blems has been launched in

For the first time officials

from the two countries are

holding talks at district level.

District level joint border

committees have been formed

for Mwinilunga-Kolwezi and

Solwezi-Kipushi areas.

In Mwinilunga, district executive secretary Mr Bernard

Lihonde confirmed during the

week that the first round of

talks took place in Kolwezi

from March 5 to 9 when Zambian officials accompanied by

security advisors travelled to

the Zairean town.

He described the four-day

talks as fruitful and further

discussions were to have been

held in Mwinilunga from June

13 to 17 but were rescheduled

to a later date at the request of

theZaireans.

In Solwezi, Zambian of-j

ficiäls continued that talks

with their Kipushi counterparts were held last month. i

Zaire-Zambia border proNorth-Western Province.

lhe district level consultations are a new strategy

employed to help end the

persistent border problems

between the two countries.

Although the border with

the province is not as volatile

as the Copperbelt-Zaire frontier, authorities in the area said

problems were being experienced.

Acting Mwinilunga governor Mr Johan Chikotola said

some people in Zaire "are not

cooperating very much."

"There was an increasing

traffic of Zaireans crossing the

border into Zambia.

In Solwezi provincial political secretary Mr Dusken Kakompe confirmed the illegal

influx affected many areas of

the frontier.

107
MUNDIA PRAISES NIGERIA'S ROLE IN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 29 Jun 83 p 1

ZAMBIA

[Excerpt] "PRIME Minister Mundla

yesterday praised Nigeria for

the role she has played in the

political and economic development of Africa.

Speaking when a five-man

parliamentary delegation from

Lagos called on him at his

office Mr Mundia said it was

in this light that Zambia

wished Nigeria every success

in her development efforts

because her success was

Africa's.

The Prime Minister told the

delegation led by Chief Tom

Egbwoku, who is Africa

regional representative of the

Commonwealth Parliamentary

Association that Nigeria's

commitment to Jhe development of Africa was manifested

in the setting up of the Nigeria

Trust Fund under the aegis of

the African Development Bank

whose money had greatly

assisted development programmes among a number of

African states.

Nigeria was a member of the

Frontline States in spite of its

georgraphic position in West

Africa. These and the material

assistance that Lagos had

rendered to liberation movements in Africa made Nigeria

"a very valuable partner in

Africa's development."

Chief Egbwoku said Nigeria

had great love and respect for

Zambia, its people and Government who through one of

the world's most respected

leaders President Kaunda had

contributed to 4he liberation

struggle in Africa.

The chief warned that the

next few years would be

decisive for' Africa because

they could well mean the split

of the continent or unity.

He applauded Dr Kaunda's

efforts and those of Mwalimu

Julius Nyerere of Tanzania

and President Shehu Shagari

of Nigeria in saving the

Organisation of African Unity

from collapse at the 19th

summit in Addis Ababa,

Ethiopia.

The delegation which is on

a solidarity visit to Southern

African countries has so far

visited Zimbabwe and Botswana and will go to Nairobi

from Zambia.

During its stay in Zambia

the team is expected to meet

Zambian parliamentarians and

hold bilateral talks on issues

affecting the region.

CSO: 3400/1564

108
KAMAGA: CANU OPERATING ILLEGALLY IN NATION

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 9 Jul 83 p 3

[Text]

ZAMBIA

THE secessionist Caprivi African National Union (CANU) is

operating in Zambia illegally Central Committee Member Mr

Reuben Kamanga said in Lusaka yesterday.

Mr kamanga said CANU -' ■■—

which broke away from

SWAPO was not recognised by

the Government and was unregistered under the Socities

Act.

Commenting on leadership

quarrels within the organisation, Mr Kamanga said the

State was not aware of CANU's

existence and this group had

not even bothered to seek recognition.

He reminded CANU members that they were operating

against the law and "there is

nothing to stop the law from

taking its course."

The Government expected

Namibians who broke away

from SWAPO to be refugees

and register as such with the

United Nations High Commission for Refugees.

"Zambia only recognises

liberation movements backed

by the Organisation of African

Unity (OAU). There is no

chance of the OAU recognising

CANU," Mr Kamanga said.

He accused the Press for

keeping the illegal Organisation in the limelight by frequently publishing stories on

the leadership wrangles.

Yesterday it was announced

that two CANU officials Mr

Sischo Chibcya and Mr

Lemmy Matcngu had been

sacked for claiming that acting

president Mr Misheck Muyongo had been expelled from

the organisation. —Zana;____

CSO: 3400/1651

109
ZAMBIA

SECURITY FORCES SMASH ORGANIZED INTERNATIONAL SPY RING

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 10 Jul 83 p 1

[Text] Zambia security forces have smashed a highly organised international

spy ring in which foreign agents were detailed to have a series of talks

with top Party and Government leaders.

A key figure in the network was deported to Zaire last week after security

officers interrogated him for two months in detention during which he is

said to have confessed the clandestine activities.

Commissioner of police, Mr Henry Mtonga has confirmed that Ernest Kumba had

been held and deported last week but gave no further details.

Kumba had produced an "official" document from the anti-Mobutu movement,

the National Front for the Liberation of the Congo which Zambia does not

recognise dated May 10, 1983 in which he is allegedly authorised to organise

people in Zambia to overthrow the Zairean government.

Alleged to have been signed by Ambroise Kalabela, first secretary of the

movement's Europe wing and a member of the central committee, the document

says Kumba was to replace a top leader in the organisation for suspected

collaboration with the Kinshasa government in the abortive 1978 Kolwezi

attack.

On the strength of his new appointment, he drew up a programme of action and

offered to give Zambian authorities "intelligence reports" on how some

Zaireans were being deployed in several parts of the country to undermine

Zambian security.

Investigations showed that Kumba was to ask the Zambian Government for

transit bases for a large contingent of anti-Mobutu insurgents which he

alleged were based in Mozambique.

He was also to contact the Tanzanian government for possible use of bases

which accommodated Frelimo guerrillas during the liberation war against

Portugal.

He claimed that the National Front for the Liberation of the Congo had 400

soldiers inside Zaire and had camped 100 km from the town of Matadi.

CSO: 3400/1651

110
ZAMBIA

ARMY GENERAL URGES SOLDIERS TO GIVE KAUNDA MASSIVE 'YES' VOTE

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 29 Jun 83 p 1

[Excerpt] PEOPLE who feel there is no peace and security under the present

leadership are political malcontents who have no room in Zambia,

second brigade commander, Brigadier-General Ben Bulaya, charged in Kabwe yesterday.

Speaking before permanent

secretary for Defence Mr

Phenias Musukwa closed the

skill-at-arms inter-unit military shooting competition near

Kohima Barracks, Gen Bulaya

urged every soldier to give

President Kaunda a massive

. 'Yes' vote during this year's

presidential and parliamentary

:'.elections.

1 He said the army knew that

|.Zambia„.„ was*-*». one-»,party

»democracy and UNIP was

the sole custodian of people's

^aspirations.

> "While we hope and pray

for peace, we must preserve

our defences. I do not think it

••is an exaggeration to say a

'strong army is our best

.guarantee of peace.

' "Those who think that they

have not enjoyed peace and

security under President

Kaunda are political malcontents and have no place in

peaceful Zambia."

* He said the competition,

which was won by the third

: battalion Zambia regiment and

transport section, both of

Chidwin Barracks, was

aimed at enabling the officers

ito acquire proficiency in the

handling of weapons "against

our internal and external

enemies''.

Gen Bulaya said 1983 was

a special year for Zambians

who would soon be required to

j exercise their democratic

frights enshrined in the Con-

\ stitution by voting -in the

i elections.

While the primary duty of

; the army was to defend the

nation from external enemies,

it was their duty to ensure

that the voting rights of

Zambians were preserved.

"The army is therefore

geared to give President

Kaunda a massive 'Yes' vote

for giving us peace and

stability since Independence,"

> he said.

Mr Musukwa appealed to all

army ranks not to despair

^because of apparent failure by

"The ministry headquarters to

> satisfy them financially and

^materially. This, he said,

was dictated by the present

economic difficulties.

: But the Party and its

Government was aware that

it was necessary for the entire

defence force to be adequately

equipped and prepared at

all times.

"This is, in fact, the firm

resolve of the Party and its

"Government because Zambia

[can only make strides in her

«development effort if the

country is assured of peace

:and security."

The Party and its Government would not shirk from it's

[ responsibility and would coni tinue to provide funds for thispurpose.

; On elections, he appealed to

all army staff to give Dr

Kaunda an overwhelming

; 'Yes'vote "so that we can

continue benefiting from his

wise leadership".

CSO: 3400/1564

111
OFFICIAL GIVES DATA ON TRADE, AID

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 7 Jul 83 p 2

[Excerpt]

ZAMBIA

BRITAIN'S share of.the Za

British good« worth K122.4

Mr Ted Cole, first

secretary (commercial) at

the British high commission in Lusaka, the man

largely responsible for

the prize winning exhibit

of Britain at the just ended Zambia International

Trade Fair, said in Ndola

yesterday Zambia was

72nd in the league table

of Britain's export

market

The British stand won the

Zambia International Trade

Fair trophy for the most.

original concept in exhibit and

second prize in the category of

international exhibits.

Mr Cole said Britain's leading trading partners in 1982

were the US to which goods

worth K14.10 billion were

exported. West Germany,

K10.8 billion. The Netherlands, K9.2 billion and France,

K8 8 billion

mbian market was 24.6 per cent in 1982 and

million* were exported to Zambia.

untisn trade with Zambia's

neighbours amounted to

K207.8 million, exported to

Kenya. K190 million to Zimbabwe and K142.8 million to

Tanzania.

The main products Zambia

imports, from Britain are

machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, textiles and

scientific instruments.

Mr Cole recalled that Britain

was giving Zambia around K32

million in aid this year. He said

latest developments on a

proposed soft loan were that

discussions took place in

Lusaka this week and a dralt

agreement was drawn up under

which finances would be channelled to a number of firms,

but he would not elaborate.

CSO: 3400/1636

112
ZAMBIA

PARTICLE BOARD PLANT SCHEDULED FOR PRODUCTION IN DECEMBER

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 29 Jun 83 p 2

[Text] A NEW project is taking

shape in Ndola's Skyways industrial area. It

is a KfTmillion particleboard (chipboard) factory, to be built by

Wood Processing Industries of Ndola.

The man behind the

project, Ndola businessman Mr Raman Patel,

said yesterday particleboard was widely used to

make furniture and in the

building industry.

the machinery has been

shipped from Sweden and is

expected in Ndola by the eiid

ofJuly.

The project will use local

raw materials in the form of

tree tops, forest thinnings and

sawmill residue. "We shall

buy these materials from

Industrial Plantations," said

Mr Patel.

The factory is scheduled to

Jje ready for production in

December. Mr Patel expects

his project to generate "considerable' ' employment opportunities and the resulting

import substitution will save

foreign exchange.

Particlewood, which is

reconstituted lightweight

timber, was until now

imported from abroad. Last

December Ndola Urban

district council approved.

plans worth K720.000 for a

factory, warehouse and offices

for Wood Processing Industries.

CSO: 3400/1564

113
GDR DELEGATION LEADER PRAISES KAUNDA LEADERSHIP

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 29 Jun 83 p 5

ZAMBIA

[Excerpt] ZAMBIA has a great future under the leadership

of President Kaunda, leader of a visiting four-man

German Democratic Republic (GDR) delegation

Mr Heinz Geggel said in Livingstone. _

Mr Gessel said Zam- On nuclear war, Mr Gegbia's development program- gel said no efforts should be

mes would succeed and the spared to prevent an atomic

prevailing peace would be War because nobody would

maintained under UNIP.

"Dr Kaunda and UNIP

play a big role in ensuring

stability and social development and GDR appreciates

these efforts," he said at a

luncheon in honour of his

delegation on Monday given

by Livingstone district council.

GDR shared same aims

with Zambia which called for

peace for all mankind.

"When we go back we will

tell the people at home what

we have already seen in

your wonderful country. You

have beautiful scenes which

you must protect.''

Livingstone governor Mr

v Mukazo Vunda said the Party

„and its Government aimed at

developing contacts.between

different nations at grassroot levels to know what went

on on the international

Zambia cherished the existing friendship between the

two countries. Mr Vunda

: hoped this would be strengthened. ... ^»,

The GDR delegation has

already been to Victoria

Falls, zoological park and the

museum.

win.

"Instead the billions

Kwacha being invested in

weapons of war should be

pumped into social and economic projects to improve

the welfare of mankind.'

Mr Gaggel said this when

he paid a courtsey call on

Member of the Central Committee for Southern Province

Mr Mungoni Liso.

He attacked the Reagan

administration for wishful

dunking that it would win a

nuclear war. "In this war

nobody wins and that is why

it should be prevented at all

costs for the sake of mankind."

He commended Zambia's

peace efforts in Southern

Africa and wished her success in all development programmes. He said Zambia and

GDR faced the same problem, that of ensuring peace

for both peoples. "There is

therefore need for more contacts."

Mr Liso said the friendship between the two countries continued to grow from

strength to strength.

CSO: 3400/1564

HU
MOST ZAMBIANS REPORTEDLY CANNOT AFFORD TO BUY PLOTS

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 28 Jun 83 p 1

ZAMBIA

[Excerpt] MOST Zambians cannot

afford to buy plots of land

in the country because the

economic set up and the

lending policy does not favour

them, a,spokesman for the

Department of Lands, said

yesterday.

He said while the fees

payable to the state for any

leasehold were about' K250,

most Zambians could not

afford K3P,000 which was

being demanded by most

district councils as service

costs.

The spokesman said ,this

in a statement In reaction

to allegations levelled against

his department by Lusaka

Urban governor, Mr Simon

Mwewa, last week.

Mr Mwewa' charged that

particular racial groups were

being allocated with plots

iin same areas in some parts

of the city and warned that

this was dangerous as it

would spark a "racial war".

But the spokesman refuted

this and said it was not

his department which was

at fault but the economic

set up and the lending policy

currently prevailing in the

country which favoured "only

those with a lot of money."

"That is why there is only

one racial group at Lumumba

Road for instance. The average

charges range from K5,000

to Kl0,000 and this money

must be paid to the council

before titles are issujed,"

he said.

He added that ordinary

Zambians found it. ye/y difficult to pay these large

sums of money Vhile Jhe

others who. have the money

easily afford to do so.

"The result is that most

Zambians who may have been

allocated with plots in the area

fail to pay the service charges

and their offers are withdrawn by the council and the

plots are re-allocated," he

pointed out.

CSO: 3400/1564

115
ZAMBIA

WORLD BANK EXPERTS, MINISTRY OFFICIALS ISSUE CASH CROP SURVEY

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 30 Jun 83 p 3

[Excerpt] ^ TEAM of agricultural experts from the World Bank and

the Ministry of Agriculture

and Water Development has

called for the adoption by

Zambia of an aggressive policy

on the use of crops.

Permanent secretary in the

Ministry of Agriculture and

Water Development, Mr Namukolo Mukutu said in Lusaka

yesterday that this suggestion

is contained in a report compiled following a joint survey on

cash crops by officials from the

bank and his ministry early

this year.

The officials felt that more

agricultural produce should be

supplied to local industries

where they could be processed

into finished products for local

and international consumption, Mr Mukutu said.

The one month crop survey

which was conducted in March

was in response to the government's call to develop exportable crops.

Preliminary findings of the

survey however, indicate that

Zambia can best utilise the

raw materials derived from

crops by feeding the local industry.

Mr Mukutu explained that

the team's proposal was vital

especially now that Zambia is

fighting to conserve foreign

exchange being spent by some

companies using foreign raw

materials which could be supplied locally.

"This policy could facilitate

the substitution of imported

raw materials in industry and

create more employment opportunities in the country," he

said.

Mr Mukutu pointed out that

other details of the team's findings will be known in August

when the World Bank is expected to submit the report to the

ministry. * Among the crops and other

products the survey .team looked at included maize, sunflower,; cotton,,.,bee,f„;, rOilk,

groundnuts,; qof/ee(, and itfe,

the permanent secretary said»

CSO: 3400/1564

116
SHRINKING EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK FOR COLLEGE GRADUATES OF CONCERN

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 28 Jun 83 p 5

ZAMBIA

[Excerpt] SHRINKING employment prospects for graduates

in higher institutions of learning is a major source

of worry in Zambia, director of the Department of

Technical Education and Vocational Training Mr

Richard Lubasi said in Livinastone yesterday.

He warned that education was a "very expensive undertaking" which

should not be run on a

"shoestring budget".

Officially opening a four-

,day principals' conference at

Livingstone Trades Training

Institute, Mr Lubasi said the

running of education was

either properly done or not,

done at all.

Time had come to reexamine priorities in the training of students to. produce

the types" of graduates which

were in great demand in

present day Zambia.

' 'Time has come for üs all to

put our heads together to get

our priorities right. We should

know what types of graduates

are in demand today and

which areas are saturated."

He feared that if that was.

not done, the University of

Zambia, colleges and all

training institutes would continue to train for unemployment in some areas while

there were some jobs crying

for trained manpower in other

sectors.

"We may face a situation

where we have to recruit more

and more expatriates while

less and less of our own graduates are being employed.

This is double loss for the

country.

"In this connection we

! should re-examine our selec-

; tion criteria carefully when we

come to discuss student selection. Let us break with tradition where necessary. Let us,

be bold and innovative and

get rid of the stifling educational inertia. Policies must

change with times."

He said the running of

courses just because they had

been there in the past, or producing the same numbers and

types of graduates as before

was inimical to training. •

CSO: 3400/1564

117
ZAMBIA

FIFTY INDIAN SCHOLARSHIPS UNUSED BY BUSINESSMEN

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 6 Jul 83 p 7

[Text]

FIFTY scholarships offered to Zambian entrepreneurs by the Indian government to visit

industries in that country, have not been taken

up because of inadequate funds to buy air tickets.

This was disclosed by

the Small Industries Development Organisation

(SIDO), director, E(r Chiselebwe Ng'andwe who said

that the scholarships have

been outstanding for sometime' now.

The director, who recently spent a month with

Chief Bright Nalubamba,

Zambia Co-operative Federation (ZCF) chairman in

India and Japan studying

how small-scale industries

are organised, said new

efforts are being made to

send the businessmen for

the courses.

Some individual businessmen are ready to purchase

their own air tickets to

India but there are some

who cannot afford to, Dr

Ng'andwe said.

He explained that the

scholarships are for individual businessmen who

are engaged in some industrial projects; SIDO staff

— for undertaking smallscale industry organisation

studies and for ordinary

trainees.

Dr Ng'andwe said that.

SIDO has already budgeted

for sending its staff to

India in September.

"We have a modest

budget for sending our

staff in September. There

would also be no problem

for businessmen who want

to buy their own tickets

but our main concern is

that they should all go in

one group," he said.

Plans are being considered to approach relevant

government ministries to

assist the businessmen

who cannot manage to

pay for air fares to India.

Besides the Indian government's support on

this programme, a number

of other Indian businessmen have indicated that

they would support and sponsor up-coming Zambian

industrialists, Dr Ng'andwe explained.

He pointed out that the

courses would be vital

in the expansion of the

Zambian industrial base.

The Indian and Japanese

industrial experience offered a good example of the

two nations' determination

to improve .their people's

social and economic positionsl Dr Ng'andwe added.

He also said that the

first local technology seminar and workshop held in

Lusaka last month should

serve as a great inspiration to the business community in the southern

African region.

CSO: 3400/1636

118
ZAMBIA

NATION MAY FACE CRITICAL MAIZE SHORTAGE BY MARCH 1984

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 5 Jul 83 p 1

[Text]

ZAMBIA may face another critical shortage of

maize by March next year as a result of the droughts which have hit the country during the last

two seasons.

Chairman <»f, the Commercial Farmers' Bureau, Mr Barry Coxe, said this shortage will

be ' even worse because the

.droughts had affected the

whole southern Africa.

"The situation might be

marginally improved if farmers make an effort to increase on their present hectaragcs." Mr G>xe said.

"The farmers have not yet

recovered from the toll of the

last two droughts and despite

the expanded plantings throughout the country, Zambia will

again suffer a shortfall in her

requirements." he said.

Mr CoxtTwas commenting

on the recent announcement

by the government that it had

increased prices of agricultural

products which included

maize, wheat, groundnuts,

malting barley, cotton, sorghum, cassava and tobacco.

He said although he welcomed the Government move,

there was still a lot to be done

to help the farmers fight against nature to produce enough

food for the nation.

The drought, whichgets worse southwards, also hit South

Africa and Zimbabwe with devastating effects. The projected output for South Africa will

be down by 14 million bags

while Zimbabwe will be down

by eight million bags.

"Zambia lost about six million bags of maize in ihe last

tw( > years," Mr C< >xe said.

He added that by next March, there might not be any

maize in southern Africa and

that South Africa and Zimbabwe, the largest producers of

the crop in the region, will

have exhausted their surpluses before the end of 1985.

"Right now, we can only

pray that the rain will be good.

Everything depends on a good

rainy, season and" sufficient

plaintings to meet consumption and build up a strategic'

reserve;" he said.

Mr Coxe said while he appreciated the Government's

move to increase producer prices for some crops, he, however, felt that more attention

should be given to lack of spare parts and machinery and

the crippling foreign exchange

problem.

"What we need is the Government's support in reducing

the D>sts of production," he

said.

He explained that once the

costs of production were low,

the producer prices would inevitably fall and this would benefit the consumers.

"I realise the difficult position in which the government

is."

CSO: 3400/1636

119
ZAMBIA

GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCES NEW PRODUCER PRICES OF FARM GOODS

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 2 Jul 83 p 1

[Text] GOVERNMENT yesterday announced new Producer pricesi of agricultural commodities in which maize, groundnuts, wheat, malting barley,

cotton, sorghum, cassava and tobacco have gone up.

Agriculture and Water Development Minister

Mr Unia Mwila said the review of the prices has

been prompted by increased costs of production

particularly in the case of fertilizer prices faced

by farmers.

"The government, is aware of the difficulties

that are encountered by farmers and will, therefore be raising the producer price of agricultural

commodities effective May1,1984 as outlined,"

the minister said. -

He reminded the nation Jhat

government had announced

the last price increases

last year with a view to make

them effective for two years.

But he^said the new prices

were aimed at. encouraging

increased production and

made it clear that they fully

compensate for the increase

in the price offertiliser.

According to the new prices

a 90 kilogram bag of maize

which was costing K18.30

will now cost K21.50. An 80

kilogram bag of shelled

Chalimbana and Makulu

groundnuts which were costing K55 and K52 will now be

K71.50 and K65 respectively.

Unshelled groundnuts

which were K14.00 for both

Chalimbana and Makulu are

now K17.85. Soyabeans

which were costing K45.30

per 90 kilogram bag are now

K52.50.

Wheat prices have also gone

up and a 90 kilogram bag

which used to cost K35.75

is now,. K42.50 while malting

barley which was the same

price has also gone Up by

the same price.

The new price for cotton

which was 52 ngwee per

kilogram has ' gone up to

50 ngwee per kilogram. A

90 kilogram bag of sorghum

which was K16 is now up to

K18.65.

Also up is the price of

millet which was K29 per

90 kilogram bag and is now

K29.5Ö. Cassava has also

gone up from 15 ngwee pe<"

kilogram to 20 ngwee per

kilogram, while Virginia to120
bacco which was K2.70 per

kilogram is now K2.80.

The government last i

increased producer prices 01

crops last July. The increased prices for the 1982-83

and 1983-84 seasons were [

announced simultaneously'

to give farmers a longer pla-'

nning period.

Last year, Mr Mwila said his

ministry would continuously

monitor and review aspects

which could significantly

affect production, such as [

the cost of farm inputs and '

the prevailing world prices. j

There was an outcry from

the farming community recently when fertiliser prices

shot up following the govern- j

ment's substantial reductions

in subsidies on the commodity

because of the worsening economic situation.-

Farmers argued that jthe

high cost of fertiliser and other

production costs had substa- \

ntially reduced their profit

margins, and unless pro- i

ducer prices were reviewed,

they would be operating at a i

loss. _,~——

In May, this year, National

Milling Company and National

Agricultural Marketing Boa-,

rd (NAMBOARD) increased

the prices of mealie meal and

fertiliser by an average of

30 percent.

Announcing the fertiliser

price increases, NAMBOARD

spokesman said the government subsidy to NAMBOARD

dropped from K37.9 million

in 1581 to K30.3 million in

1982 and dropped even further to a mere K19.9 million.

"The result is that NAMBOARD has been forced to

increase the selling prices of

fertilisers to the farmers. This

is the only way in the absence

of adequate subsidies that

NAMBOARD can continue

to bring fertiliser to the farmers. The prices had to be

increased by K183.16 per

tonne or K9.16 per 50kg bag,"

said the spokesman.

Subsidies on various commodities are being gradually reduced because of

depleted government revenue

due to the low copper prices.

CSO: 3400/1636

121
ZAMBIA

UNDP FREEZES SEVEN INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 5 Jul 83 p 2

[Text]

THE United Nations Developmnent Programme (UNDP)

dustrial projects approved last year by its governing

because of falling annual budget contributions.

The projects which included one o\' Nitrogen

Chemicals of Zambia

production were to have

been carried out between

1982 and 1986 but they

had been put on a reserve

list—without an identified donor, says a UNDP

report on implementation of country programmes for 1982 jusl obtained in Lusaka.

The rest of the affected projects are: assistance to the Institute of Standards, development of clay-based industries,

wood consumption survey, industrial feasibility studies,

industrial planning and plan

implementation and general

training.

Early this year, UNDP administrator Mr Bradtord

Morse warned that developing countries were likely to

lose 40 per cent of their targeted help from the body as a

result of falling contributions

by donor governments.

has frozen seven in-'

council for ZambiaAfrican countries which

received about 30 per cent of

the total UNDP resources

would be hit harder by the

problem, he said.

The report says Zambia was

one of the many countries in

the region which was in the

process of implementing its

country programme for the

third cycle when the problem of funds necessitated significant changes.

"Several meetings were held

in November and December

1982 between the UNDP resident representative and the

national coordinating authority, participating government^

ministries ana departments

and representatives of executing agencies to review the programme.

"As a result, the seven pro-'

jects which were well advanced in the pipeline after

I heir approval within the

framework of the new country

programme were withdrawn."

Four other projects, livestock development, irrigated

agricultural development, assistance to cannery development and assistance to the

school of mines (Un/.a) completed their initial objectives

towards the end of the year

bin the agency, was unable •

con t i n uc w i t h t hem.

CSO: 3400/1636

122
ZAMBIA

DAM CONSTRUCTION FUNDS FOR SOUTHERN PROVINCE BEING WASTED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 30 Jun 83 p 1

[Excerpt] THE money which the Government has set aside for

wells and construction of dams in the drought stricken

Southern Province is being wasted because there is no

water there.

This grim picture was

painted by the provincial

political secretary Mr Wachuku Mwelwa in Livingstone

when Lesotho secretary to ths

cabinet MrJoseph Kotsokoane

called on him in his office

yesterday.

He said contractors employed to dig the wells and build

dams were being paid even if

they found no water on the

sites they were given for the

job.

"Very little water is found

in few of the wells which

have been dug."

Mr Mwelwa described the

drought situation in the area

as critical despite efforts made .

by the Party and its

Government.

' He outlined the functions of

the Party and its Government

at provincial level on the basis

ofthe decentralised system.

In February, former permanent secretary for the

province who is now in

Western Province, Mr Edward

Himunyanga reported that the

Government would spend K4

million on the construction of

70 dams to provide water

to the people as well as for

agriculture.

During the same month,

Prime Minister Mundia said

in Parliament about K3 million given to Southern

Province for construction of

dams and weirs was used

contrary to his instructions. -

Instead of digging dams to

beat the drought, some district

councils only bought tankers,

he told Parliament.

Mr Kotsokoane earlier

;. visited the office of the

. province's permanent secretary Mr Pencil Phiri accompanied by secretary to the

yCabinet Mr Evans Willima.

' The visitor went to the

Musi-o-Tunya Zoological Park!

for game viewing before meeting Livingstone district

governor, Mr Mukazo Vünda.

Later the delegation visited

the Victoria Falls, the rail-road

and Knife Edge bridges, the

Maramba cultural centre and

the Livingstone National

Museum before flying back to

Lusaka.

CSO: 3400/1564

123
ZAMBIA

USSR TO RESCHEDULE DEBTS, LAND CLEARING EQUIPMENT

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 7 Jul 83 p 1

[Text]

THE Soviet Union has agreed in principle

Co reschedule Zambia's total debts on more

favourable terms than those offered by the

Paris Club.

Moscow has also pledged to give Zambia land

clearing equipment worth more than Kll million to

help accelerate the operation food production pro- ;

gramme.

Counsellor for economic affairs at the Soviet embassy. in

Lusaka Mr Valcry Tourkin said at a Press conference yesterday

that Soviet experts would carry out feasibility studies at a State

farm along with providing the land clearing equipment.

Zambia's debts to the Soviet Union stood at K200.56 million ' of her K 1.25 billion total external debts two years ago. i

Mr Tourkin did not outline the debts rescheduling terms the

Kremlin was making available for Zambia apart from saying they

were better than those offered by the Paris Club.

He announced that 14 Soviet doctors and 12 teachers would

arrive in Zambia next month under a technical agreement between

Lusaka and Moscow. i

Zambia-Soviet cooperation

in the technical and economic

fields had been growing since

the 'first inter-governmental

agreement was signed in 1967,

he said.

Zambian organisations were

now considering a contract

offer for delivery of the land

clearing equipment from the

Soviet Union.

This offer follows a protocol

signed between Zambia and

the Soviet government which

provides for credit facilities to

Zambia of up to K5 million for

agricultural equipment.

"The Soviet Union was willing to help Zambia in the, event

of attacks from racist Govern-'

ments in Southern Africa

during Rhodesia's freedom

war after Western countries

refused to provide such

assistance." ____!_-

The feasibility studieslcTBe"

conducted on a State farm he

did not name, will cover two

million hectares and will cost

K6.5 million payable in ten

years.

Apart from being used for

agricultural purposes the land

clearing equipment will be

used in the construction of

dams following the drought

that has hit most parts of

Zambia.

Mr Tourkin said plans

were on the drawing board for

Soviet technical assistance in

the production of coal. Soviet

organisations have had vast

experience in this alternative

source of energy.

In 1981 Zambia's debt to the

Soviet Union was the second

highest after the K257.8

million the country owed the

People's Republic of China.

Between 1968 and 1976 ten

diesel power stations with a

total capacity of 3400 kW were

built in rural areas in Zambia

using a Soviet loan.

The envoy defended the

supply of Soviet military aid to

Zambia, saying this was only

provided when the country's

security was threatened.

CSO: 3400/1636

12U
ZAMBIA

SOKO: SOME JOINT PERMANENT COMMISSIONS WITH NEIGHBORS USELESS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 30 Jun 83 p 1

[Excerpt] A CENTRAL Committee member has

charged that some joint permanent commissions Zambia signed with certain

neighbours are useless,

Mr Shadreck Soko morality now because they

who is in-charge of Industrial Participatory

Democracy and the Ministry of Cooperatives

yesterday cited one such

commission with a

neighbouring country he

did not name, but said it

had failed to solve the

crime wave on the Copperbelt.

,, Deviating from his written

speech at the 11th annual

general meeting of the Zambia

Cooperative Federation held at

the" President's Citizenship

College, Mr Soko said foreigners continued to enter Zambia

armed with guns.

These terrorised Zambians

tot food, money and other

[essentials and meetings held

tlby this commission fp resolve

; the problems had failed many

|times,~

Suffering

''This is because those people are suffering and have lost

want food. They cross into

Zambia with guns to terrorise

our people."

Mr Soko, a former chairman

of a commission when he was

member-of the Centrar Committee for the Copperbelt, said

he had experienced the problem for five years.

The problem would never

end for as long äs there was insufficient food in the neighbouring country.

"As long as those people

nave no food, mealie meal7>

soap, sugar, salt and other

essential commodities, the problem will never end.

"Thebnly solution is for our

brother head of state in that

country to provide his people

with all the essential things

they need. Then they will stop

harassing us and we shall have

peace Tn Zambia."

Mr Soko blamed most of the

crime wave on the Copperbelt

on people from the same country in their desperate attempt

to get food.

CSO: 3400/1564

125
ZAMBIA

IMF 'HAPPY' WITH NATION FOR MAKING LOANS AVAILABLE TO FAEMING

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 30 Jun 83 p 1

[Text]

THE International Monetary Fund (IMF) is happy with Zambia for

making loans readily available to the agricultural sector, Prime

Minister Mundia said in Lusaka yesterday.

He said this was because it

was realised that the country's economic survival was

in agriculture.

Mr Mundia was speaking at a

Lusaka hotel when he signed a K37 million syndication

loan given to. the Central

Province Cooperative

Marketing Union (CPCMU)

by financial institutions in

Zambia.

The loan is a follow-up to the

K22 million one given by the

same institutions to the

CPCMU last year.

'Mr Mundia, who is also Minister of Finance, said the

Party and its Government

was happy to see local

financial institutions taking

an active role in the development of agriculture in

Zambia.

The Prime Minister said it was

encouraging to note the cooperation and enthusiasm

which existed among those

involved in agriculture.

It was this attitude which had

enabled Zambia not to feel

the full impact of the

droughts of the two consecutive years.

And speaking before Mr

Mundia, National Commercial Bank managing director

Mr John Mwtla said financial institutions had decided to give the CPCMU a

bigger loan this year because the union had managed to pay back the K22

million loaned to it last year

plus interest.

He paid tribute to the CPCMU

for repaying the first loan

and hoped the trend would

continue.

He expected other cooperative unions to. emulate

the example %et by the

5 CPCMU so that they would

; not be having difficulties in

getting help from financial

institutions.

The institutions which contri-

;' buted the money are:

ZNCB (K15 million),

Barclays Bank of Zambia

(K6 million). Standard Bank

of Zambia (K5 million),

Bank of Credit and Commerce (K4 million). Grindlays Bank (K3 million),

i Zambia National Provident

Fund (K3 million), and the

Zambia State Insurance Corporation (Kl million).

CSO: 3400/1564

126
ZAMBIA

FOREIGN EXCHANGE TO FIRMS IMPORTING RAW MATERIALS MAY BE STOPPED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 9 Jul 83 p 1

[Excerpt]

THE Government

might be forced to

stop foreign exchange allocations

to companies which

deliberately depend

on imported raw

materials without

making efforts to

use local resources,

Prime Minister Mundia said yesterday.

The Government was

giving such firms a transitional period in which

to adjust and diversify

their operations with a

bias towards agriculture.

Mr Mundia said this in

Lusaka at the signing of a

programme aid agreement at

tne Ministry öFFfnance.

Under the agreement 33

designated companies and

organisations would be able to

import goods and services

from Britain worth K8.1

million.

Out of this amount nearly

K5 million would be disbursed

before the end of March 1984

and the balance by March

1985. The loan has an interest

of two per cent a year and

would be repaid in 25 years

withia_ seven-yeargrace period.

< Mr Mundia told the signing

ceremony attended by the

British high commissioner . to

Zambia Mr John Johnson that

Zambia attached great importance to aid aimed at boosting

production.

The Government had taken

care to allocate the loan to

priority sectors with emphasis

on obtaining spare parts for

use in the production line of

the chosen industries.

All the buying would be

handled by the Crown Agents

and the loan facility was

restricted to British-owned

companies.

Mr Mundia, who is Finance

Minister, said Zambia was

equally concerned - about the

need for ensuring that the productive sectors of the economy

should become more productive "so that they contribute to

the national budget as well as

provide employment opportunities'^

The nation's inability to sustain a satisfactory level of performance for the productive

sector had been largely because

of the global recession and the

consequential balance of payments difficulties experienced

, by most developing countries.

Referring to the loan, Mr

Mundia said he was confident

the beneficiaries would gain

their normal foreign exchange

allocations without inconveniences.

127
Among the- companies af

fected, some had been allocated enough foreign exchange|

for their needs during the1983/1984 and 1984/85 periodso that they car. plan "proper-.'

.ly their operations'-. :

Reviewing Tn'e 'economy, Mr

Mundia said an unfortunate

aspect was that most companies operating in the country

depended on raw materials

from outside. | This was unfortunate

although Zambia was one of

the most industrialised coun-J

tries in Southern Africa. I

The Zambian economy was

unpredictable and could not

operate properly since it largely

depended on the sale of copper

at the London Metal Ex-1

change. , |

Dependenceonimportedraw'

materials had put the economy '•

in a dilemma. He appealed to

established companies to adjust their operations and use

local resources.

He noted that some companies had gone into farmirfJT

and singled out Serioes of

Luanshya which would this

year produce more than 80,000

bags of maize.

Firms which did not diversify their operations would be

threatened with closure since

the Government could not be

expected to continue giving

them foreign exchange.

He blasted Zamoian tirms

for not earning foreign exchange for the Government

through export drive campaigns.

Those companies were only

interested in externalising pro^

fits and the Government would

not allow such a situation .tocontinue.

CSO: 3400/1651

128
OVER 50 PERCENT OF WOMEN ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 6 Jul 83 p 1

[Excerpt]

ZAMBIA

MORE "than 50 per cent of the

women in Zambia are marketeers or engaged in some form of

petty trading, according to a

study by a visiting research

fellow at Oxford University in

Britain.

His findings have been

presented in a paper to the

current Commonwealth secretariat workshop on employment strategies for women at

the Commonwealth Youth

Programme Centre at Lusaka's University of Zambia

Great East Road campus

which was officially opened by

Minister of Labour and Social

Services Mr Frederick Hapunda on Monday.

The study Undertaken by

Stephen Chan, in collaboration with Unza notes that job

opportunities in Zambia are

on the decrease.

Statistics showed that the

number of jobs available in

the modern sectors rose from

233,000 to 310,000 in 1966-70;

from 1970-75 however, only

another 2,930 jobs were added to this sector while from

1975 there had been a marked

decline.

I his trend has been heightened by the apparent sense of

concentrating employment

strategies in the informal

sector which has long been

dominated by women.

A study of Lusaka had

shown that in 1969 women

held only 14 per cent of the

formal sector jobs in the

capital. Fifty per cent of the

low-income group women conduct some form of informal

sector activity, almost all of it

concerned with petty trading

such as hair plaiting, selling

fish and vegetables.

This compared favourably

with Ghana where trading was

the primary industry of 57

per cent "of women outside

agriculture.

CSO: 3400/1636

129
ZAMBIA

PASSENGER TRAIN SERVICE WITH ZIMBABWE TO BE REINTRODUCED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 9 Jul 83 p 2

[Excerpt]

ZAMBIA and Zimbabwe are

to re-introduce passenger train

services between the two

countries on July 14 after 15

years since they were discontinued, Zambia Railways

manager for industrial participation and public relations

Mr Alex Lubinda announced in

Kabwe.

The first passenger train

would arrive at Livingstone on

the same day from Zimbabwe

driven by that country's minister oftransport.

"We are making arrangements with our counterparts

from the National Railway of

Zimbabwe, but the first train

will arrive in Livingstone from

Victoria Falls town in Zimbabwe ," Mr Lubinda said.

Passenger train services between the two countries were

discontinued after the breakup

ofthe unitary system in 1969.

Since then, Zambians and

Zimbabweans wishing to enter

either country after' Zimbabwe's independence have

had to walk to either Livingstone or Victoria town to catch

the trains.

From July 14. travellers

would buy train tickets anywhere in Zambia and Zimbabwe to travel anywhere in the

two countries.

CSO: 3400/1651

130
ZAMBIA

MEALIE MEAL SMUGGLING TO NAMIBIA 'RAMPANT'

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 8 Jul 83 p 1

TText] Smuggling of mealie meal into Namibia by Zambians has reached

alSLg proportions, Mambova ward chairman Mr Sikota Sitali saxd in Livingstone yesterday.

Mr Sitali said Zambians were smuggling the commodity at night and a 25 kg

bag was selling at 16 South African rand. He called on the police to

patrol the Zambezi river at night to curb the illicit trade.

A police spokesman in the office of Southern Province division police

chief Mr Basil Chibula said despite transportation and manpower factors,

police were patroling the area.

The spokesman said a police post had been established at Kazungula to

cater for the place including Mambova.

He was not aware of the increased traffic in smuggling of mealie meal into

Namibia because the Kazungula post officer-in-charge had not reported the

matter to the Livingstone office.

But Mr Sitali said smuggling was so rampant that he was forced to call a

meeting with local businessmen to work out a strategy whereby a family

was Sowed to buy 50 kilogrammes of mealie meal, but they had found a

loophole by taking more family members to buy extra bags.

CSO: 3400/1651

131
UNZA ANIMAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT FINDS CHEAPER CHICKEN FEED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 28 Jun 83 p 2

ZAMBIA

[Text]

THE University of Zambia's department of animal

science has successfully bred healthy chickens by

adding feathers to their diet.

The birds, weighing two

/ kilogrammes at.&ght weeks,

result from research by the

department in the school of

agricultural sciences.

i' A statement from Unza

? savs the research is being

done to improve the use of

locally available ingredients

in poultry ration formulations.

It has proved that feathers,

after being boiled for half an

hour, dried and ground to a

fine powder, can replace the

expensive soya beans in

their diet up to 12 per cent.

After treatment, the protein content in feathers fed to

the birds is 80 to 85 per cent.

For the farmer, the find

can mean high turnover

because the technique of

treating feathers is easy and

cheap.

It can be carried out on

their farms without the

deployment of expensive

equipment.

Feathers are plenty in

rural and urban areas, particularly at abattoirs or

slaughter sites.

The research has been

conducted under the supervision of Dr Silvester Ochetim. head of the department

of animal science in conjunction with Mr Andrew

Chimwann, a lecturer at

Un/a.

CSO: 3400/1564

132
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

REORGANIZING ZECCO—ZIMCO has started reorganising the Zambia Engineering

and Construction Company (Zecco) which recently came under its umbrella.

As a first step to give the trouble-torn firm a new lease of life a chief

executive is being sought. Zecco was formerly a subsidiary of the Party

holding company, Zambia National Holdings. It was transferred to Zimco

last month after its near collapse. Indiscipline, pilfering, over-staffing

and misappropriation of funds were largely responsible for the demise of

this giant construction company. According to advertisements in the Press

by Zimco, as a beginning of the reconstruction of the firm a new chief

executive is being sought who should be a man of drive, energy, initiative,

a high level of integrity and be able to give the company a "new lease of

life." Announcing the takeover of Zecco by Zimco, Chairman of the Finance

and Economic Sub-Committee, Mr Elijah Mudenda said the company was an

important national asset whose operations should continue. The reorganisation of Zecco followed President Kaunda's disclosure that he was studying a

special report on its operations. [Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in

English 6 Jul 83 p 1]

GWEMBE WATER SHORTAGE 'CRITICAL'—Ten wells just sunk in Gwembe have not

helped alleviate a critical water shortage in the district, governor Mr

Nicholas Nchimunya has said. And because of the water crisis in the area

the holding of the district agricultural show might be affected. The

district was expected to sink 35 wells and seven boreholes while 66 old

wells had been earmarked for equipping. Another 70 would be deepened.

"Lack of water for animals and people is the order of the day and this

have an adverse effect on our agricultural show." Despite the severe

drought this year, the district would produce more cotton, but the governor

could not say how much because the crop was still being harvested. [Excerpt]

[Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 5 Jul 83 p 5]

CSO: 3400/1636

133
ZIMBABWE

REPORTAGE ON COAL MINING PROJECT IN MATABELELAND

3500-ton Pick-Me-Up

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jul 83 p 5

[Article by Robin Drew]

[Text]

HARARE — The massive blue and white machine,

as high as a 16-storey building, dominates the sunscorched landscape in the middle of the Matabeleland bush 100 km south of the Victoria Falls.

In just 13 months the 3 500-ton monster dragline

excavator has been put together at the opencast

workings of the Wankie Colliery Company.

It is the central feature of a R140 million expansion

programme at the mine which will supply coal for a

thermal power station whose first phase is due tocome on stream next month. The power plant will

eventually cost R890 million and have an output of

920 Mw.

For jaded Zimbabwe enthusiasts, a visit to Hwange

is a tonic.

There men from all over the world are getting on

with the job of developing a vital source of energy

which Zimbabwe will need to avert the shortage of

power forecast for mid-1985.

South Africans, Britons, Frenchmen, Germans and

Italians are working alongside Zimbabweans in an

international team effort backed by a spectrum of

financial institutions including the World Bank.

The partnership between state and private

enterprise has turned

Hwange into a boomtown

oasis in a country which

has had more than its

fair share of declining

confidence, political turmoil and the rule of the

gun.

, Wankie Colliery Company's general manager,

Mr George Julyan, who

has occupied the hot seat

in Hwange for the past eight-and-a-half

years, says that from the company's

point of view the project has gone exceedingly well since the go-ahead was

obtained just over two years ago.

Huge coal shovels, drills, 90-ton

dumper trucks, bulldozers, cranes and

the centrepiece — the walking dragline — were moved smoothly and efficiently to the site through the dissident-affected areas between Hwange

and Bulawayo.

.: From Milwaukee in the United

States through New Orleans to Durban

and on to Zimbabwe, the components

of the R22 million dragline arrived

in sequence and on time.

An erection team from South Africa,

including highly skilled black welders,

promised to put the jigsaw puzzle together in 13 months.

On June 1, one day behind the promised deadline, the electric motors

hummed into life and the giant dragline lowered its shoes that are 19 m

long and heaved itself along to an

opencast pit.

The dragline's bucket at the end of a

100 m boom bites up 100 tons of soil

and rocks at a time, removing the

overburden to expose the coal s_earo_

13U
Its attendant machine is a D 9 L bulldozer looking for all the world like

a pilot fish next to a whale as it scurries about smoothing out the working

area.

But in addition to the import and assembly of machinery and equipment

the past two years have seen millions

spent on projects such as the huge

concrete coal bunkers which hold up to

15 000 tons. It will be fed by conveyor

belts stretching more than 8 km.

Dissident problems in Matabeleland

have not directly affected the development at Hwange, but they have made

life more difficult.

"People cannot travel as freely as

they used to," said Mr Julyan. "There

is a feeling of being pinned down here.

"Schoolchildren are flown the 300 km

. to Bulawayo instead of going by road.

We consider it too risky to send them

by bus."

there has also been an influx of

black refugees from dissident-affected

areas into the colliery settlement,

where the hospital helped treat many

victims of army brutality when the

Government sent in troops to reinforce

its authority.

But the people I spoke to at the Wankie mine shrug off these problems.

The opencast manager, Mr Eric

Bowker, is a dedicated and enthusiastic

proponent of "sunshine mining" who

numbers among his staff men who

have been elsewhere but come back to

Hwange.

"There is job satisfaction here. We

also have tremendous sporting and recreational facilities."

The opencast mine which is producing about two million tons of coal a

- year is set to double its output over

a three-year period.

When the power station which is

being built for the Electricity Supply

Commission in a number of stages is

fully commissioned it will burn about

a ton of coal every 10 seconds.

A major advantage for the Wankie

mine is that the furnaces take high-ash

grade coal from the top of the seam

which up to now has been dumped.

Work on the power station is about

six months behind schedule but the

first of four 120 Mw generators is due

to come into operation at the end of

this month.

Mr Bowker estimates it will take a

year to get the dragline operating at

maximum efficiency when it will be

on the job 24 hours a day, six days a

week.

Mining Town Boom

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jul 83 p 5

[Text]

HARARE — Knysna-born George Julyan is proud of his town. And he can

safely say that Hwange is his town.

As Wankie Colliery Company general manager, he runs not only a coal

mine but a town of 40 000 people.

The company, in which the Government took a 40 percent stake last year,

has a 17 000 ha concession in Matabeleland which includes the town of

Hwange.

Mr Julyan came to Hwange to the

Anglo American Corporation-run colliery in 1973 from Swaziland with two

valuable years of experience of life in

an independent African country. Before that it was Vaal Reefs and '

Free State gold mines and

Rhodes University.

He took over as general manager in 1975. Since then his responsibilities have included,

overseeing the R140 million expansion programme and looking

after the interests of the company's 5 000 employees (of whom

234 are white) and their families

as well as those of the non-company people living in the town.

The company runs a hospital

staffed by seven doctors and

Franciscan sisters. It has an SPCA office, schools, sports clubs, a

town fire-brigade, its own funeral parlour and parks department.

An 18-hole golf course, a soccer stadium, squash courts, a delightful village green cricket field and a theatre are some of the amenities provided for the mining community and the commercial people

who serve the town.

135
The difference between Hwange and other Zimbabwe communities is not only that it is company-run —. it is also booming.

At the local hotel sited among the baobab trees, the beer flows

freely down the throats of construction workers, technicians and

artisans from France, Italy, Germany, Britain and South Africa

working either at the colliery or the huge new thermal power station being built for the Electricity Supply Commission.

It is a place where development is not something that people

merely talk about. They are getting on with it whatever the problems Zimbabwe is facing.

CSO: 3400/1641

136
ZIMBABWE

ARMY ELITE TAKING NEW WAR STUDIES COURSE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jul 83 p 7

[Article by Robin Drew]

[Text]

HARARE — Zimbabwe

army officers taking a

new war studies course

inaugurated at Harare

University are looking at

Anglo-Boer War strategy

and tactics.

At the opening ceremony Prime Minister Mr

Robert Mugabe said military doctrine needed continuous study for the

analysis of defence problems in a constantly changing security environment. The absence of a conflict at

any particular time should not not lead to complacency- /

"Peacetime soldiering must be characterised by

continuous training in combat, for the self-evident

purpose of the armed forces is to fight and to prepare

for war," said Mr Mugabe.

The course, the first of its kind in black Africa,

will lead to a diploma or a Master of Arts degree

for postgraduate students in war and strategic studies.

tt is being run by the Department of History in

tie Faculty of Arts to which the army has seconded Major Michael Evans, holder of a London

University M A in military history.

! Major Evans said Zimbabwe's understanding of

armed conflict — having fought the bloodiest conflict in sub-Saharan Africa — made it supremely

capable of teaching the rest of Africa about modern war's multidimensional nature and the importance of military history.

Studies will include European, American and

Asian military thought from the distant past to nuclear strategies.

STUDY OF LENIN, MAO AND BOERS

The students will learn of the influence on modern warfare of Clausewitz, Lenin, Trotsky, Mao Tsetung and the Anglo-Boer War generals.

, They will study civil wars in post-colonial Africa

such as Biafra and Katanga, and the wars of national

independence in Zimbabwe, Algeria, Mozambique,

Angola and Namibia — and the future implications of

South Africa's military build-up, Major Evans said.

Other topics will include the security role of the

Organisation of African Unity, regional conflict in

Africa and the feasibility of a pan-African military

force.

Zimbabwe's own army offers a unique subject

for'study as it was formed out of three distinct

forces — Mr Mugabe's Zanla guerillas, Mr Joshua

Nkomo's Zipra army and the Rhodesian security

forces. '

»The new national army itself has two arms. The

one, totalling four brigades, is structured on British

military lines and is being assisted by a British military team.

The other, the notorious Five Brigade recently

involved in anti-dissident operations in Matabeleland,

arid the Presidential Guard, has been trained by

North Korean instructors.

Recently Mr Mugabe appealed to the 3000-strong

Presidential Guard to show civilians "humanity and

humility" as part of a government programme leading to a one-party state.

Defence currently absorbs nearly 20 percent of

the national budget of R330 million, which includes

demobilisation pay for ex-guerillas who are not taken

on the permanent strength of the army now being

reduced from an initial 60 000 men to 40 000.

CSO: 3400/1641

137
EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES DENY ALLEGATIONS OF DISCRIMINATION

Harare SUNDAY MAIL in English 19 Jun 83 p 1

ZIMBABWE

[Text]

COMPANIES and individuals looking for

staff, particularly secretaries, still stipulate

race in their requirements, employment

agencies in Harare

admitted when they

denied allegations of

discrimination.

"We have jnst as

many people asking for

-staff &£ any "race- as we

have people who stipulate that they want a

black or White. This

has nothing to do with

racism," was the rather

confusing remark of

one agent last week.

Another Insisted: "We

think it as wrong' to put

a black person Into a job

just because they are

black as It is to put a

white person In a job because they're white."

But he later added:

"We have large numbers

of clients who show preferences for one er other

race. This is their prerogative and we of course

must abide by that . . .

"But I would emphasise

that this is done on a

completely non - racial

basis."

The agencies said it was

important to point out

that they were not employed by job-hunters but

by clients looking for

staff, and it was their

responsibility to find applicants who filled clients'

requirements.

The allegations of discrimination were made by

four black women who

claimed that they were being ignored at several Harare agencies because they

were black.

"We are never sent out

for interviews, yet we can

be sitting in an agency

when whites who come in

after us go away with

white envelopes for interviews," said one woman.

The Sunday Mai: discovered that one of the

women, who said she had

worked for an international company in the city

for four years, was on

none of the company's

personnel records.

Another had been fired

from the company she

claimed to have left because of the small salary

she was earning.

The third bad difficulty

remembering the name of

the shop she said she had

served in and the fourth^

138
had only recently completed a secretarial course.

The agents said this

was "typical" and that

there were so many companies in urgent need of

competent staff that anyone who could do the job

could find work.

An agent who said

"anyone making such

false racist allegations

must be unemployable"

also admitted that "we

have black arms asking

for secretarial staff and I -

can guarantee you that

95 percent will specify

that they want whites".

Another said: "Charges

of racism are completely

unfounded. People are

selected on their ability

and suitability to do a particular job best; on their

background and experience

and ability and the requirements of our clients."

But he later confessed

that, "depending on the

job, it could be true" that

it was difficult to place

blacks.

"That would depend entirely on the position. A

very large number of receptionists in this town are

blacks — male or female.

But when you get to the

private secretarial level

it is more difficult."

An agent who had admitted that she regularly

asked clients if they had

any racial preference said:

"I don't feel chat that is

racist Some if the African girls' Snglish isn't

good enough tor confidential secretaries ... and you

have to remembei the

difficulties of getting rid

of unsatisfactory employees."

This point «as echoed

by her colleague,1 who

explained: "Before the

labour regulations came

out they may have been

prepared to give a chance

to someone, but now they

are not prepared to do

so . . .

"People have become

much more selective In

staff selection than ever

before. They can't afford

to be otherwise."

One employer said: "I

insist on a certain racial

balance on my staff. That

is not racism at all. It is

a recognition of the racial

composition of our society.

It is in harmony with the

Government's policy of national reconciliation and

contributes to national integration."

CSO: 3400/1631

139
ZIMBABWE

RAILWAYS LAYS OFF HUNDREDS DUE TO DROUGHT, LOW PRODUCTION

Harare SUNDAY MAIL in English 3 Jul 83 p 1

[Text]

BULAWAYO.

THE National Railways of Zimbabwe is

laying off hundreds of

short • term workers

because of the drought

and low production

from the mines, Cde

Anderson Mhungu, the

secretary - general of

the Zimbabwe Amalgamated Railway

Union, said last week.

"We as a union have

always opposed this. Towards the end of List

year the railways wanted

to retrench 1 200 workers

on short-term contract.

We challenged this and as

a result the railways extended their contracts,"

Cde Mhungu said.

"According to Government regulations seasonal

workers and those temporary workers who stayed

for more than six weeks

were to be regarded as

permanent.

PERMISSION

'"The railways then ap-'

plied for permission from

the Ministry of Labour

and Social Services to lay

ofl contract workers, ar.d

they gave their reasons

for doing this. They got

the green light from the

ministry last~A.pril and are

now retrenching these

workers. We as a union

can't stop this now."

Cde Mhungu said contracts in fhe railways

were awarded, for specific

work, auch a? the loading

of -afttan and fertiliser

during good seasons, the

electrification of th» railway system, the clearing

of fire-paths, and other

similar work.

"We have asked the

railway authorities to give

preference to contract

workers whenever vacancies oceur in their permanent establishment.

This they have agreed to

do. We have also suggested to them that it would

be better to offer contract

work to sons of railwaymen to help them. This

they are going to do."

Cde Mhungu also mentioned the plight of nundreds of workers who had

responded "very positively"

to an invitation by the Minister of Transport, Cde

Parai Masango, to rejoin

the railways. These were

employees who had resign-'

ed or been dismissed for

"flimsy reasons" since

1970.

"These people filled in

application forms from the

ministry. Since then fhey

have received no offers ot

employment, with the exception of security vorkers. These workers have

been told there are no

vacancies for them."

Last week an NRZ

spokesman replied: "In

effect the services of

those employees whose

contracts have expired

and whose continued employment would not be

gainful can be terminated."

Referring to the plight

of unemployed former

workers -who had not

received replies, the

spokesman said a committee was convened ry

the Ministry of Transport

last year to consider their

applications.

"Those found suitable

for re-employment were

placed on a waiting list

pending a suitable

vacancy becoming available. To date a large

number have been reemployed, the rest will be

employed as and when

vacancies arise in which

the> can be placed."

CSO: 3400/1631

U4O
BULAWAYO RESIDENTS DEMONSTRATE AGAINST TRIBALISM

Bulawayo SUNDAY NEWS in English 19 Jun 83 p 1

[Text]

ZIMBABWE

ABOUT 400 placard-waving residents yesterday

demonstrated outside the Bulawayo civic centre

against tribalism which they alleged was rife in the

Bulawayo civic administration system.

A- spokesman for the

demonstrators, Cde Humphrey GomOj c'arged that

Shorias were being discriminated against in the allocation of houses in the western areas and jobs in almost

ail municipal, departments.

Cde Gomo said: "Jobs

within the City Council are :

being given to one tribe; the

same happens in the allocation of houses. Houses in

the western areas are given

to single, women while

r

.rried couples go without.

"Some women are given

up to three houses, some of

which they turn into

shebeens," he said.

He added: "We also want

the Mayor to show us the

dissidents who told him

that they (dissidents)' were

killing people because they

had been demobilised."

Cde Gomo's challenge on

tie dissidents was an apparent reference to a statement

Clr Ndlovu made last year

on February 6.

Clr Ndlovu said then that

Bulawayo's spate of robberies was bein^ perpertrated by a "forgotten

army" of former freedom

fighters whom the Goverarm nt had rejected for deobilisation benefits because they had run away

from Gwaai assembly point.

He called for the "disowned" men to be given a

second demobilisa' ,n exercise.

Some of the placards yesterday read: "Down with

Mayor Ndlovu; houses being

allocated to unmarried women for shebeens," "We

want the Mayor of Bulawayo to show all the people of Zimbabwe the dissidents who told him that

they killed people because

they were. demobilised."

One of the demonstrators,

Cde Percy Zimunya, said

jobs in almost all municipal

departments were reserved

for one tribe. "But this is

especially conspicuous in

the security department,"

he said.

He said Shonas who had

lived in their houses for

years were being turned

out under the flimsiest of

reasons such as failing to

pay rent when there is provision for tenants to be

given time to pay. He said

these houses were later

given, in most ewes, to

mother tribe.

31(1
Yet another demonstrator, Cas Rose Rutanhire,

charged that women organisations under the' Bulawayo City Council had

been turned into a tribal

organ.

"i also know of many

Shonas who have lived in

Bulawayo for a long time

but have failed to secure a

roof over their heads and

lived as lodgers with their

large families," she said.-

"The Mayor said there

are no- dissidents in Bulawayo when arms are being

discovered every day, most

of them from municipalowned houses in the western areas," she said.

Cde Rutanhire was referring to a statement by the

Mayor on the ZTV current

affairs programme, The

Nation, last month.

Or Ndlovu told his interviewers he had denounced

acts of banditry which had

occurred in Bulawayo, such

as armed robberies and the

murder of businessmen,

but said these were not

politically motivated

crimes, but were committed

by. people who only

wanted money.-

"Bulawayo should only

be accused of those things

for which it is responsible.

It is not responsible for

dissident activity. I am

sure Harare suffers as

much, if not more, banditry

than Bulawayo," said Clr

Ndlovu in. the ZTV

programme.

The demonstration yesterdav comes a week after the

Minister of National

Supplies, Cde Enos Nkala.

warned that the Government would not hesitate to

take action against the

Mayor if reports of his

maladministration and mistreatment of ZANU(PF)

members in the rrmnicipaiitv proved to be true.

The Mayor later challenged the Minister to

prove the allegations. Clr

Ndlovu charged that Cde

Nkala had taken on a new

role and had set in motion

a witch-hunting and smear

campaign aimed at weakening the fabric of local

government in various

parts of this country.

He said he had discussed

these allegations with Cde

Nkala on April 4 and felt

they had come to >"

amicable understanding.

The Mayor, Clr Ndlovu.

was not available for comQMS* Ust night.

CSO: 3400/1631

2h2
ZIMBABWE

MATABELELAND CFU PRESIDENT, OTHERS SELLING OUT DUE TO UNREST

Bulawayo SUNDAY NEWS in English 19 Jun 83 p 1

[Article by Pascal Mukondiwa]

[Text]

THE president of the Matabeleland branch of tne

Commercial Farmers' Union, Mr Rob Sayers, is

gelling his dairy farm in Figtree and says many other

farmers are quitting as well.

Mr Sayers said last week

he knew that a lot of land

was up for sale in Matabeleland, going as far south as

Kezi.

"There is a steady erosion

of our members in the area,

where we seem to have a

quiet period for some time,

and then, bang! The dissidents strike again, before

! they go to ground," he said.

Most farmers were

worried about the security

of their families, Mr Sayers

said, adding that were it not

for this most of them would

be prepared to stand their,

^ground-,.-.— -"-

Mr Sayers said the latest victim of the dissidents, Mr Ian Brebner of Lushabi Outspan

Farm in Figtree, was his neighbour.

Mr Brebner (39) was gunned down by eight

dissidents on Monday, June 13.

"On Saturday, June 11, dissidents ambushed

a farmer in the Kezi area, missing him narrowly,

then on Monday they killed Mr Brebner who,

during the war of liberation, had survived

another ambush.

"I don't know why they killed him because

last season he helped communal farmers nearby,

ploughing their lands with his tractors. He

also offered them water from his boreholes."

Mr Brebner had also allowed his ranch workers

to keep their cattle and grow crops on his farm.

Mr Sayers said it was becoming increasingly

apparent that the dissidents were getting support

from the peasants and from some farm workers.

Iii3
. ''If we could be assured

that the situation will take,

say a year, to be contained

we could stick it out. But

tliL u-certainty kills our

morale; one cannot carry

on indefinite', ,**, he said.

Mr Sayers could not discuss his future plans.

| Mr Brebner is the ninth

member of Matabeleland's

farming community to be

murdered by the dissidents

this year.

Last April» Mr Sayers

said the security situation

in it - region was Improving.

He also reported that there

was close co-operaton betwe i the army and the

farmers in the battle

against the ex-ZIPRA dissidents. Meanwhile, estate agents

in Bulawayo have confirmed

an increase in the number

of farms up for sale in^

Mätäbelelanar Most were

ranches, but there were

also four dairy farms, including Mr Sayers.

A spokesman for Knight

Brothers said: "The number

iof farms on sale has gone

up in the last couple of

months we have more farms

than we havs had for a

long time."

He said although offers seemed to be fairly widespread, most notable

were the number of farms in the West Nicholson and Nyamandhlovu areas.

"For a long time I had on my books the larger type of farms in the West

Nicholson area, but of late smaller farms have come up, some of them on

offer to the Government.

"The number picked up just after the death of Senator Savage and it is obvious

it's not only drought that has caused farmers to sell their property," he

said.

He added: "A new trend is that of the dairy farms which are now being

offered; at the moment I have four on my books. It should be noted that

while ranchers rely on grazing, dairy farmers mostly penfeed their cattle and

so drought cannot be the main cause for selling the farms."

But a spokesman for Reg

Hart and Sons, said he had

not noticed any spectacular

upsurge in farm sales.

"It was once at its

height in the Nyamandhlovu area and farms

there were on offer to. the

Government, but for the

rest of Matabeleland, I

would not say so. There is

no rush by farmers to sell

•their property.

"Some farms are1 on sale

in the West Nicholson area

but they are not saleable

because of the drought.

Otherwise anyone with a

farm that has good grazing

will not sell. Of the ranches

that are available, we have

very few with good grazing," he said.

i "The Nyamandhlovu area

{ offered to Government irrigation farms only because

of the security situation

! that was ugly at the time."

CSO: 3400/1631

Ikk
ZIMBABWE

ROMANIAN BARTER DEAL, FERTILISER INDUSTRY DIFFICULTIES

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Jun 83 p 1

[Text]

WELCOME news for hard-pressed cattle and maize farmers is on

the way following a successful

barter deal involving $3 million

worth of urearfertiliser from

Romania for Zimbabwe this year.

The deal is a trade-exchange of

local low-carbon ferrd-chrome for

Romanian urea. Reliable agricultural sources said this week that

the first- consignment of about

25.000 tonnes of the fertiliser is

expected to arrive by about

September as a result of the agreement.

This confirms a forecast made by

The Gazette recently. during a

report covering problems being.

faced by Zimalloys. It was said

then that moves were being made

by Government to open up new

ferro-chrome export markets in

Eastern Europe on a barter basis.

Urea is ah essential component

widely used, together with molasses, (at present in very short

supply) in cattle and livestock

feeds. It is also very important as a

nitrogenous fertiliser for maize

and other crops instead of ammonium nitrate, ft is badly needed in

present drought conditions where

grazing is poor or even nonexistent in many areas in the

country.

Farmers all over Zimbabwe now

are awaiting official news of the

new prices for all fertilisers for the

season ahead. These were expected

to be announced on or about June

1 but so far no Government statement about controlled fertiliser

prices has come. '_ C

There js little doubt that they

will have to be increased over the

present fertiliser prices set last year

which are still in force. Reliable

estimates put the likely increases at

about 15% for phosphates and at

about 20% for nitrogenous fertilisers this year. ..

The sources point to rising

power costs alone which are

seriously affecting the Sable

Chemical Industries at Kwekwe.

This company uses considerable

electric power to process nitrogenous fertilisers essential for all

food crops.-

Following electricity price

surcharges since last year the

power bill for Sable Chemicals has

doubled from about $6 million per

annum to $12 million during its

current financial year — and electricity surcharges are likely.to increase again throughout

Zimbabwe next month.

All other input costs have also

risen due to the effects of devaluation, importation, freight and

storage costs of the volatile

ammonia base for.its nitrogen fertiliser. Rail charges also went up by

25% in May for freight and so will

increase fertiliser transport costs

for farmers.

~ The demand' for ammonium

nitrogen fertiliser in Zimbabwe is

estimated at about 240 000 tonnes

a year. The Sable Chemical plant's

production at present is only about

200 000 tonnes a year, largely due;

to a shortage of the imported

ammoniahase.

The production of phosphates,

1U5
also vital for crops in Zimbabwe,

largely depends on the continued

operations of the Dorowa Minerals company on the Sabi River.

But the processing ofthe mineral is

being hampered by lack of water intheriver, as previously reported.

This is the only phosphate mine

in the country and normally produces about 1 260 tonnes a year

from low-grade ore.

PHOSPHATE PRICE UP

Due to increased costs- being

faced by the mine and its parent

company, Zimbabwe Phosphate

Industries which is part of the

Chemplex group, agricultural

sources estimate that phosphate

prices are certain to increase appreciably. . ~

-It is known that price increase

application? submitted by various

sectors of the fertiliser industry are

still being discussed at Government

level.

The farmers, in turn, are

anxious to-plan their next season's

operations very carefully. They are

facing a make-or-hreak new season

in view of critical problems (financial and otherwise) presented by

the catastrophic drought and lack

of water in the country.

So it is vital for them to know

what lies ahead regarding costs and

production prices.

But one of the most notable

points emerging with talks with

farmers this week was their determination. The majority is determined to carry on producing food

for the nation in the face- of

security and many other problems

— providing they get some positive assistance to enable them to

plan ahead.

"Farmers in this country have

survived disasters before. We are

determined to do it again in the

coming year. But we do need sufficient and sound financial backing so that we can continue with

normal agricultural operations,"

said one experienced fanner.

"The arrival ofthe urea will be a

big help. At least that is some of

the good news we've been hoping

for." .

CSO: 3400/1630

1U6
ZIMBABWE

HOTEL EMPLOYEES ON SHORT-TIME DUE TO TOURIST SLUMP

Harare FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Jun 83 p 1

[Text] HIT by a slump in the tourist

industry Zimbabwe hotels are

having to adopt a policy of shorttime work at reduced wages for

part of their staff in order to

avoid the worse evil of retrenchment.

A large number of hotels all over

the country now face mounting:

losses in -view of the drastic

shortage of holiday visitors and,

together with the Government and

the Tourist Board, are trying to

keep as many hotels as possible

open. ,

The Zimbabwe Sun Hotels

management has been grantecT

Government agreement to placing,

more than half its total 1 800s

employees at its 12 hotels in the

country oifca five-day week instead

of their normal six-day shifts. The

short-time work is to come into

effect on July 1.

This step was taken only after

calling in ail managers and chairmen of the various Workers

Committees to attend a meeting at

Harare in May when they were

exhaustively briefed on the present

situation.

In addition Mr John Moore,

Group Marketing Manager for the

company and also chairman of the

Hotel and Restaurant Association,

said a campaign to boost the'' morale of the workers and also to ! encourage local and overseas :

tourism had been undertaken by '

the group. . |

"We briefed all our workers on '

the position and issued pamphlets [

saying: "We need our guests more

than they need us," said Mr Moore '

this week. _

"^"Their response" was terrific.

•"*» know it was a necessary step,

why it v,staken amj wnat we ^g

doing to «y t0 neip ^ tnose

affected an<Ta«0 t0 keep ^i our

hotelsopen."

Among steps takeiKy the group

is the setting-up of a loan iMn{j for

its employees throughout the

country under the guidance of each

Workers' Committee. These

-committees recommend to each

hotel manager which short-time

employees' may need an interestfree loan until the end of the year

in order to help them meet

financial commitments such as

school fees on their reduced

salaries.. — '-.-'

The amount involved in this

loan fund would amount to several

thousand dollars, said Mr Moore.

Key workers at the group's

hotels who continue to work pn a

six-day full time basis,, as their

duties • are essential, have been

approached to volunteer contributions towards a Relief Fund which

is also aimed at helping their

colleagues on short-time. As' a

guideline the management has

suggested that about 1% of the

full-time employees' salaries might

be involved.

' "This suggestion has received a

very good response. In some cases

people have even asked to contribute more than that percentage,"

Mr Moore said. "The whole spirit

among all our workers including

those affected by reduced shifts

and salaries is very good at* this

time. They know that everyone

concerned is doing the utmost to

cooperate and help." —

1U7
The relief fund money will be

used as a Tree grant for short-time

employees who face urgent

financial problems.

Mr Moore said that about 900

workers would have to be placed

on short-time^ Wage increases,

were also frozen at present.

"But there will be no retrenchment' if we can help it. The

situation may last during this year

but everyone, including the Tourist

Board and competitors in' the

industry, is cooperating to boost

the tourist industry and keep

employees in jobs," he said.

"As far as the man in the street

is concerned I can say that there

are some tremendous holiday

bargains now available at subeconomic hotel rates in Zimbabwe.

These can't last long, so now is the

time to take advantage of them

and enjoy a break at exceptionally

low costs."

Another hotel group, Cresta

Hotels Pyt Ltd, also applied to the

Government m May for permission to place workers at its three

hotels on a five-day week instead

ofthe normal six-day week.

But Mr Roy Meiring, the company's Group General Manager,

told ä Gazette reporter this week

that so far no official permission in

writing had been received.

"Like the other hotel group, we

have kept all our workers and

Workers' Committees fully

informed of the position and we

hope to hear something very soon.

We have been waiting for some

weeks how for a decision," he

said.

"We are making losses and we

cannot, unfortunately, avoid goingon to a short-time basis for some

of our employees in view of the

present conditions. But we shall

not retrench if we can help it and

we shall not go below the National

Industrial Council wages

minimum.'.'

Bad Overseas Publicity Affects Level of Tourism

THERE is a'40% drop in the Bomber of tourists who visited Zun?

babwe during the first four months

of this year, as compared with the

same period last year,' dropping

from a total of 100 888 tourists between January and April last year

to 60 036 tourists during the same

period this year.

According to the latest tourist

and migration statistics there is

also a 33% drop- on the overall

-number of visitors from abroad, • dropping from 118 843 visitors be- (

tween January and April last year ' to 79^939 visitors during the same

period this year. _j .'

The figures seemed to reflect the

sensitivity of the tourist industry to

political instability. During the

latter part of last year and early

this year Zimbabwe received negative publicity in the overseas press

during army operations against

dissidents in Matabeleland. This,

undoubtedly affected the local

tourist industry.

. While a total of 25 479 tourists

visited the country in January last

year, only 16 361 came during the

same month this year. In February

last year 18 843 tourists visited the

country and this year only 11 586

visited in February.

In March this year only 14 080

tourists were registered as com:

pared to 23 051 during the same

month last year. In April 1982 the

figure peaked at 33 515 as compared to 18 009 in April this year.

The overall number of visitors

from abroad also dropped considerably during the four-month

period this year. In January this

year 21 744 people visited the

country as compared to 30 16« in

January 1982.

In February this year 15 954

people - visited, (February 1982:

23 135). The drop in the number of

visitors also continued into March

with only 19 564, as compared to

28 002 in March last year. In April'

only 22 677 people came from

abroad as compared to 37 538 in

April 1982. -- -

Ä

-'—

CSO: 3400/1630

lii8
ZIMBABWE

TOBACCO INDUSTRY PRODUCTION COSTS UP 20 PERCENT

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Jun 83 p 1

[Text]

A STRONG warning to input, suppliers and to Government Ministries that the tobacco industry did

not have "endless potential" to

absorb increasing costs was given

by the president of the Zimbabwe

Tobacco Association, Mr

"Tuppy" Wrench,, this week.

He also announced that the

association could only recommend

a very minor increase in tobacco

production levels of some 5% to

l(Wo for the coming year, giving-a

potential target of about 105

million kilograms.

He added: "1 stress once again

that this provisional figure is

designed to help, in planning strategies only. A final figure will be1

announced In August when both

the performance of this year's

auctions can be assessed, together ' with bur export record."- j

Mr Wrench covered-these points

when he presented his report at.the/

ZTA's annual congress in Hararej

on Wednesday.

-He outlined price depressant

factors and the "dauntingly" diffi- i

cult growing season >hich

producers had faced for the secor.a

year running.

In» the leaf section at the sales he

said that prices had been somewhat

firmer from the start and were

currently running about 5% higher

than last year. ,

There was an "absolute necessity" for this trend to continue and

even go higher as prices being

paid for.the better quality leaf at

present were not sufficient incentive to produce really high quality

but lower yielding tobacco.

- Mr Wrench also said that the

trend towards the lowering of

ceiling prices for very good leaf

was striking at the very heart ofthe

industry.

. Summing up all market factors,

Mr Wrench said he was disappointed with price levels which had not

risen in parallel to ever-increasing

production costs.

He referred to the world tobacco

market which was not buoyantmainly due to declining consumption levels caused by recession,

very high taxes oortebacco and the

consequent inability" of people in

developed countries-to pay high

prices fora packet of cigarettes.

This together with rising production costs made a generar picture

that did not bode well -for the

industry.

Mr Wrench stressed the "frighteningty rapid escalation" in

production costs of about 20% for

the coming year and said growers

would be taxed to the absolute

limit to continue with the viable

production of tobacco.

Efforts to maintain viability in

the future would have to be shared

with every agency, input supplier,

Government department, indiyit.

duals and growers.

He added: "To the Government *

Ministries f must warn that the

tobacco^ industry does not have

endless potential to absorb increasingly costs, whether they be

wages, transport charges or taxes.

"To suppliers of input items I

would caution on-the dangers of

killing the goose thatjays the golden egg. Our. industry does not

have the capacity to absorb dramatic Increases in the cost of fertili-

.sers, chemicals, fuel electricity,

farm machinery, spares and services.

_{'A Tediiction in profit margins

facer producers straight in the

face. It is essential that everyone

involved in the industry shares this

highly unpalatable fact. I urge all

suppliers of inputs to consider very

carefully the implications when

demanding higher prices."

Mr Wrench commented on the

low level of prices in the early

weeks of sales and. reminded the

trade that it was partly as a result

of their recommendations that a

later start to the season had been

considered. It was "blatantly"

unjust that producers who had

tried to fulfil those obligations had

beeji penalised. '

"I appeal to the trade once again

to try and make an early assessment of commercial values for

tobacco and pay those prices right

from the start," he said.

CSO: 3400/1630

1U9
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

TRADE WITH EASTERN BLOC LOW—South Africa, the United States of America, and

western European countries remained Zimbabwe's major trading partners during

1982, according to figures released in the latest issue of the digest of

statistics. The figures also show that trade with the socialist countries

of eastern Europe is still low. Romania is the only country from that

region registered as having traded with Zimbabwe last year. The only other

socialist countries registered are China and Mocambique. As reported in

last week's Financial Gazette, during the period January to December 1982,

Zimbabwe's imports from South Africa were valued at $239 448 000 while this

country's exports to South Africa amounted to $137 817 000. This left a

trading deficit of $101 631 000. Exports to the United Kingdom totalled

$76 946 000 while imports from that country were valued at $161 965 000,

a trading deficit of $85 million. While Zimbabwe imported goods valued

at $103 538 000 from the United States, it exported goods valued at

$63 579 000. The other major partners were West Germany which imported

goods valued at $64 606 000 from Zimbabwe, while this country's imports

from West Germany amounted to $88 563 000. From the socialist bloc, Romania

imported goods valued at $2 702 000 from Zimbabwe while Zimbabwe imported

nothing from Romania. Zimbabwe's exports to other African countries went

to Botswana, Egypt, Malawi, Mocambique, Zaire and Zambia. Imports were

from Botswana, Malawi, Mocambique, and Zambia. Botswana showed a trade

surplus with its exports to this country totalling $34 116 000. Zimbabwe's

exports to that country were valued at $25 504 000. All the other African

countries registered showed trade deficits in their trading results with

Zimbabwe. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Jun 83 p 8]

AIR ZIM ENGINEERS IN BRITAIN—British Airways are currently training aircraft

engineers from Air Zimbabwe in response to an appeal by the IATA Training

Advisory Board. Last year IATA stated that at least 7 000 staff of their

member airlines required training, much of it in specialised areas. "We

are currently training aircraft engineers from Air Zimbabwe," a spokesman

for British Airways said. "On the same course we have a number of engineers

from Kenya and the Sudan. "With 35,000 staff throughout the world, we

require training facilities that are both extensive and professional," the

spokesman continued. "Smaller airlines, like Air Zimbabwe, are not in a

position to offer comprehensive training in all aspects of the aviation

industry through no fault of their own. We feel it is our responsibility ^

to offer our training facilities to airlines based in developing countries.

The airline has six training centres in Britain and, with the exception of

the helicopter base in Aberdeen, Scotland, they are all within easy distance

of Heathrow. [Text] [Harare THE FINANZIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Jun 83 p 9]

150
PROFIT SHARING—Masvingo—The Government accepts the private sector exists

partly to make reasonable profits but businessmen must accept the rewards

they earn must be compatible with worker participation in these rewards and

in decision-making. The Deputy Minister of Trade and Commerce, Mr John

Landau said this when he addressed the Masvingo branch of the Zimbabwe

National Chamber of Commerce yesterday. He said that what constituted a

reasonable profit could be a matter on which the Government and the business sector had "differing thoughts" but there was no reason why agreement

could not be reached through a frank exchange of views. Mr Landau said

he could not speak out strongly enough against the trader who resorted to

overcharging or conditional selling to exploit temporary shortages.

Businessmen must "take a long hard look at the selling and pricing policies

of particular items in demand by the majority of people." "I am not suggesting that any businessman sells at a loss but I expect him to keep profits

at reasonable levels." The Government could not stand by where unreasonable

increases in service charges were concerned and had instituted an investigation into these charges. The Government was convinced it was essential to

have a price control policy which recognised the aspirations of the masses

to improve their quality of life but also accepted the need for the production and distribution sectors to remain viable and create sufficient

reinvestment, replacement and development reserves and pay reasonable

dividends to shareholders, he said. Mr Landau said there would be no

dramatic increase in foreign currency earnings in the immediate future.

Indications were that it would be difficult to maintain current levels.

On the difficulties faced by importers with low levels of import allocations trying to import goods in economic quantities, Mr Landau suggested

that an importer could arrange to order goods together with another

importer with a reasonable level of allocation in the same tariff.—Ziana

r.Tpxt-1 FHprqrP THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 26 Jun 83 p 1]

GOVERNMENT RE-DETAINS ZIPRA COMMANDERS—Harare—The government has information which makes it necessary to continue detaining former Zipra commanders,

the Prime Minister, Mr Robert Mugabe, told the House of Assembly yesterday.

Responding to questions during Parliament's first "Prime Minister's Question

Session" which was broadcast live, Mr Mugabe said the government decided to

re-detain former Zipra commanders after they were acquitted by the high court

because it had more information about their activities than did the court.

Mr Mugabe was answering a question by Mr Sydney Malunga (Zapu, Matebeleland

North) who wanted to know why, despite the high court verdict to acquit

former Zipra commanders, including Mr Dumiso Dabengwa and Lieutenant General

Lookout Masuku on treason charges and arms possession, the government continued to hold them. Mr Mugabe told the House, the men were still being

held because the government held them responsible for the caching of arms and

had more information about them. "In our opinion, it is harmful to release a

man if we consider him a threat to the security of our people," he said.—

Sapa [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 83 p 5]

CSO: 3400/1641 EKD

151