JERS-SSA~g5-03)
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

KENNEDY'S DISINVESTMENT BILL CRITICIZED AS INTERFERENCE
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 12 Mar 85 p 14

[Commentary by Dawie in "My Political Pen" column: "Sly Plan to Harm South
Africa Must Be Fought by Any Means"']

[Text] This week one of the potentially most harmful steps in the disinvest-
ment campaign against South Africa was taken with the so-called anti~apartheid
measure which Senator Kennedy and his kindred souls want to make into law

in the American Congress.

Through this, something has started in the United States--one of South Afri-
ca's strongest trade associates--which elsewhere in the world, in the Scandi-
navian countries for example, has already taken on considerable dimensions.

Crippling Blow

The sudden Kennedy concern over South Africa naturally has less to do with
concern about the "oppressed" in South Africa than with the fate of the
Democratic Party which has received a few crippling blows in American
politics, causing the party to reel.

The old democratic coalition of northern liberals, blacks and southern
laborers looks sicker all the time. The democrats are being accused of re~
presenting old and useless ideas and of abandoning the blacks. These are
failures which stand out even stronger against a Reagan philosophy which
has restored pride in America.

Crusade

The primarily democratic anti-South African campaign received momentum right
after President Reagan achieved such an overwhelming success in the presiden-
tial election, Afterwards Senator Kennedy paid a visit to Ethiopia and South
Africa~-and the result is an anti~South African measure!

Why not introduce a bill in congress to force Ethiopia to reform by renouncing

Marxism and making an end to the starvation and misery among the Ethiopian
population?

56



JPRS-SSA-85~031
16 April 1985

IVORY COAST

STATUS OF FOREIGNERS IN NATIONAL LIFE EXAMINED

I. How Many Are There
Dakar AFRICA in French No 69, Feb 85 p 25

[Article by Kebson ‘Ouattara: "The Threat of Aliens"]

[Text] Xenophobia and chauvinism are scourges
specific to times of crisis. Is "akwaba" (hos-
pitality), Ivory Coast's other treasure, also
threatened by the "economic situation?" What
kind of future can the aliens look forward to?
Who are they? How many of them are there? Keb-
son Ouattara amd Christian Nguessan looked into
the problem.

"Hail to thee oh land of hope, the land of hospitality..." These
words (in French) that are the first line of the national anthem,
"L'Abidjanaise," aptly reflect Ivory Coast's calling as the land
of welcome and immigration.

The Ivory Coast President is fond of comparing (in the simple fu-

ture tense, without any shilly~shallying around with conditionals)
Ivory Coast with the United States of America, a country he often

cites as the shining example of a nation that owes its spectacular
greatness to the contributions of immigrants from every corner of

the world.

"The Old Man" believes that foreigners have been of great help to
his country's development. He misses no opportunity to say so.

He also remembers the political struggles in colonial times, in
which he fought primarily with foreigners (mainly Malians and
Burkinabes), most of whom have since settled in Ivory Coast and be-
come Ivorian citizens. The president's sentiments and those of a
majority of his compatriots are a long way from consonance.

What with the economic recession of these last several years, the
unemployment and under-employment, and the housing shortages in
urban areas, the presence of foreigners is increasingly resented,
especially among the middle and lower classes, but equally so in
intellectual circles where the alien presence is held responsible
for the rampant unemployment among young university graduates and
for the dilatory pace of "Ivorization" in certain business sectors.

22



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JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SEVEN CONTEST PE SEATS--Port Elizabeth--Seven candidates--including an
independent--have been nominated for the Parliamentary and Provincial by-
elections in Port Elizabeth's Newton Park constituency on May 1. The
Parliamentary seat will be contested by Mr Sakkie Louw of the National
Party, Mr Izak Smuts of the Progressive Federal Party, Mr Marius Oosthuizen
of the Conservative Party and an independent candidate, Mr Johan Stander.
In the provincial council by-election, the candidates are Mr Ginkel Venter
(NP), Mr Rick McKeiver (PFP) and Mr Jack Engelbrecht (CP).-~Sapa [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITZEN in English 26 Mar 85 p 10]

sO: 3400/874

116



Problem

For this reason, disinvest-
ment and qualified sanctions
are presented as alternatives
to constructive engagement.

This fact presents South
African authorities with yet
another delicate problem —
if, of course, American public
opinion is of any concern to

Us.

This relates to the nature
and timing of initiatives. The
impression should not be cre-
ated that South African ini-
tiatives are the result of the
demands of demonstrators or
disinvestment pressures.

‘This will be detrimental to
the cause of reform and will
inevitably lead to more pres-
sure, demonstrations and
confrontation.

The coming debate in Con-
gress on the disinvestment is-
sue will be seized upon the
demonstrators to further
their cause.

Events in SA will be close-
ly examined in the hope that
they will add fuel to the anti-
South African fires.

Positive news, such as the
repeal of the Mixed Mar-
riages Act, will not win any
applause from these quar-
ters. Their moral consciences
thrive on unrest in black
townships, boycotts, forced
removals and harsh police
action.

Nothing pleases them
more.

The antics of the moralists
should not distract our atten-
tion from the fact that
American public opinion
stems from a political cul-
ture deeply rooted in emo-
tionally cherished ideas on
human rights and individual
liberties.

cso: 3400/908

Resentment

It is therefore understan-
dable why apartheid in gen-
eral and actions like forced
removals, resettlements, in-
flux control and the arrests
of union leaders in particular
generate such strong emo-
tions, resentment and opposi-
tion.

As a matter of fact, the
nature of the American poli-
tical culture explains why
South Africa receives the at-
tention it gets.

SA is accepted as a part of
the Western world, its heri-
tage and its values, but is
seen to be out of step with the
rest of the West.

While events in other parts
of Africa are treated with a
measure of tolerance, simi-
lar events in our country are
judged in terms of Western
standards.

‘This should not surprise us
for we publicly claim to be
caretakers of Christian and
Western standards. And we
are judged in terms of what
we profess to be.

To constructively influ-
ence American public opin-
ion towards a more balanced
view of our country is not
gox to be easy. The anti-

ith African forces in the
States always seem to be a
few steps ahead of our at-
tempts to project an im-
proved image.

The positive effects of re-
form initiatives on American
public opinion are quickly
neutralised by focusing pub-
lic attention on those issues
not addressed by reform.

If the Mixed Marriages Act
and Article 16 of the Immo-
rality Act are repealed, such
matters as the Group Areas
Act, influx control and the
political rights of blacks will

highlighted.

This kind of strategy has
on more than once occasion
been bolstered by, among
others;

@ Our inability to generate

an acceptance of reform ini-
tiatives among blacks,
coloureds and Asians,

@ The continuing unrest in
black townships, boycotts by
children and students, and
police action, The fact that
hey coincide with reform
initiatives and create the im-
pression that the country is

ming more and more un-
governable, undermines the
credibility of reform in the
American public’s mind.

@ The perception that we
lack a well-conceived plan of
reform.

Goodwill

In spite of these negative
factors, a largely-untapped
reservoir of goodwill. to-
wards SA does exist in the
US. In a certain sense the
issue of disinvestment was
the best thing that could have
happened as far as SA’s inter-
ests were concerned.

It forced those who have a
balanced and sincere interest
in SA’s future to make a pub-
lic stand, organising them-
selves into an effective lobby.

It also created a much
greater willingness than in
the past to seek information
on our country and to listen
to alternative views. _

The emotionalism of the
anti-South African forces has
had the effect that many
Americans are now asking
themselves whether SA real-
ly has the ugly face the dem-
onstrators try to project.

Admittedly, much will de-

nd on how South Africa, in

er drive for recognition, ca-
pitalises on the new opportu-
nities.

Our sincere American
friends believe that South
Africa can influence Ameri-
can opinion quite dramati-
cally in the coming months
by putting flesh on some ele-
ments of the President's

65

speech at the opening of Par-
Mament.

These elements — property
rights for blacks, the issue of
citizenship, political rights
and the composition and
powers of the Black Forum
-~ should, according to them,
be presented as a package
deal, thus getting maximum.
publicity,

It should also be highlight-
ed by clear-cut policy state-
ments on such matters as
black urbanisation, influx
control, removals and resett-
Jements.

Mandela

Some of our American
friends believe that the un-
conditional release of Nelson
Mandela and a Jegalising of
the ANC as a political move-
ment would pull the rug from
under the demonstrators and
put them on the defensive.

This estion however is
not regarded as feasible at
this stage, given the ANC’s
official policy of violent ac-

ion.

Terrorist activities during
the past decade in some parts
of the Western world and the
security measures which
have become part of the daily
lives of Americans, have cre-
ated strong feelings against
violence.

_ President Botha’s initia-
tive in this respect is regard-
ed as the most feasible ap-
proach at this stage.

USA-SA relations have en-
tered a crucial phase. The
future of this relationship
will inevitably be deter-
mined by issues like Nami-
bia, the Nkomati Accord and
some other regional prob-

lems.

It will also be determined
by the direction in which our
reform processes develop,
especially as far as the politi-
cal its of blacks are con-
cerned,



COSAS SETS DEADLINE FOR DEMANDS

Johannesburg THE SOWETAN in English 29 Mar 85 p 20

[Article by Ali Mphaki]

[Text]

cso;

3400/890

APRIL 30 has been set
as the deadline for the
Department of Educa-
tion and Training to
meet the students de-
mands.

The Congress of
South African Students
(Cosas) yesterday said
that the students had
made their demands
“quite loud and clear”.
‘Parents committees
have also negotiated,
but the Department had
continued to “fool”
them by continuously
applying delaying tac-
tics.

“The Government is
not prepared to recog-
nise and respond to the
legitimate demands of
the students. Instead,
they detain students,
and close schools.

“Finally, Cosas calls
upon the DET to re-
spond to our demands
and we have set up the
ultimatum that on April
30 our demands must be
met,” the statement
said.

76

Meanwhile the orga-
nisation has also con-
demned the decision by
the Government to ban
all meetings discussing
education matters.

Cosas said: “We view
the State’ response as an
attempt to stop any fun-
damental change to the
crisis in education i
South Africa.” .

“This clearly proves
that the State .and the
Department of Educa-
tion and Training are
stubborn and show an
unwillingness to meet
the students’ legitimate
demands and closing all
possible methods to re-
solve the situation by
negotiating through par-
ents committees.

“Instead, they conti-
nue using repressive
methods against the stu-
dents’ demands. This
cowardice comes at a
time when the Govern-
ment is losing control
and resorts to violence,
closing down schools,
harrassment, etc.”, the
statement said.

JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

BURKINA

CURRENT DOMESTIC, POLITICAL, LABOR PROBLEMS ANALYZED
Ouagadougou SIDWAYA in French 7 Mar 85 p 5

[Article by Ali Zerbo: "A Revelation, a Situation, and a Solu-
tion"]

[Text] The solution first of all. The valiant Burkinabe people
have already proven to the world what they are capable of. To
cite only one example, many of our relatives and ancestors have
fallen on the field of honor at the side of other peoples. The
French people know very well that we were willing to shed our
precious blood for their freedom and independence on many fronts
particularly under the German occupation etc, We were called the
Senegalese infantry and we really were those who, at the head of
the allied troops, braved the formidable heavy fire of the
Nazis. And history says that Adolf Hitler was afraid, very much
afraid of the blacks who would not retreat before anything, not
even before death.

Among the blacks of whom history speaks, there were Burkinabe,
i.e., nationals of what the colonists baptised, debaptised and
rebaptised former Upper Volta or man's land, to make use of Ge-
neral De Gaulle's expression. This describes the recognized
courage of the Burkinabe people as a fighting people. In the
past, Burkinabe soldiers contributed greatly to resolving the
complex problems which confronted other countries, helping them
to secure their independence, ensure their freedom etc,

Today, our young and dynamic army, which finds nothing to envy
in the other armies of Africa and of the world, is engaged in
the most glorious combat, for it is serving the interests of the
Burkinabe people, and doing so despite the undermining efforts
of local and international reactionary forces. Yes, the army has
definitively chosen to side with the people, and that is why it
continues to consolidate its already existing unity, while at
the same time remaining an integral part of the people. As a
matter of fact, the defense of territorial integrity and pro-
duction which, among other things, constitute its favorite
tasks, besides keeping the peace and public order, are conclu-
sive indications, it seems to me, of the break with the old view

12



Beer Hall

Three vehicles were completely burned, however, and three more were badly dam-
aged.

A beer hall was also badly damaged by a fire. ‘The damage may amount to many
thousands of rands," said Mr Steenkamp.

According to Mr Steenkamp, there are now more than 100,000 squatters living
under hand-to-mouth conditions in Crossroads. All told, there are 13,000 slum
dwellings, and each one should be paying seven rands a month in service char-
ges.

Trash

In January, however, only 951 rands was received from the squatters, which
means that notwithstanding the number of people in these 13,000 shacks, only
136 service charges were paid.

Service charges are paid every quarter to the municipal council and the depart-
mental council. For the quarter that included October, November and December
43,730 rands was paid to the municipal council. for water, and during the same
period of time 75,458 rands was paid to the departmental council for the remo-
val of trash and night-soil.

This means that an average of 39,729.33 rands a month was spent on services,
whereas only 951 rands was received.

8117
CSO: 3401/140

71



Following that incident, a lot of Nigerians fled Ivory Coast, de-
spite the forthright condemnation from Ivorian leaders of their
countrymen's behavior. Since then, the Nigerians have kept a far
lower profile; you find them running little hole-in-corner shops
selling spare parts and automobile tires, while the women specia~
lize in selling beauty products at the markets or in making wigs
and braids.

As in every country in the world, the home-grown people are parti-
cularly nasty to foreigners who give them the notion that they are
plotting a "sneak attack" to take over a whole sector of business.
A reassuring statement from the government, coupled with a heated
reproof, is not enough to satisfy the people entirely, because the

malaise runs too deep, and reaches even into the forces of law and
order.

Even so, relations between Ivorians and some Africans are some-
times ambiguous: that is the case with Ghanians. The first pros-—
titutes were Ghanians, at least in Ivory Coast, and that is how
they came to be called "technical assistants," not without some
irony. Furthermore, Ghanians have frequently got themselves mixed
up in some more or less disreputable dealings and the people in
the big cities, especially those in Abidjan, look upon them as

a scurvy lot and fairly dangerous to boot.

Viewed from another side, though, the Ghanian people enjoy great
prestige among their Ivorian brothers. A good proportion of the
peoples who make up Ivory Coast have their "cultural home-base"
in that country. The Agni, the Appoloniens, the Aboures, and the
Baoules, for this reason, feel very close to Ghana, although that
does not rule out all friction.

You find much the same kind of relations with the Malien communities
which, in Korhogo.or Odienne (in the north) or Bouake (central)

feel quite at home. And then, in Bamako, they like to tell you
that Bouake is the "second-largest Malien city."

Mali-born Ivorians are great merchants and find, in the Mali com-
munity generally involved in wholesale or discount trading (export-
import), an energetic partner whose acumen they value accordingly.

The hard reality of the "current situation" triggers xenophobic
behavior and it is not frivolous to worry about a negative turn in
relations between Ivorians and the resident alien community.

Until then, Ivorians were proud of their country's prosperity as

well as of its generosity. These past 20 years, thousands of Sene-

galese have become citizens here under the benign eye of Ivorians.

The Guineans, fleeing the despotic regime of Sekou Toure, were of-

ten welcomed with open arms to a country where it was good to live, “et
and to a time when everybody was certain that one day he would be .
rich.

29



ONS PUSH FOR REDUCTION OF WORKING HOURS

sohannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 Mar 85 p 15

:Article by Joshua Roboroko]

Text]

THE reduction of the
working week by five
nours to help ease unem-
ployment, high wages
and maternity leave in
the metal and engi-
neering industry, will be
proposed by a group of
five trade unions at the
industrial Council nego-
fiations next Tuesday.
The unions will be ne-
gotiating jointly for the
first time under the ban-
ner of the South African
Council of International
Metalworkers Federat-
1on at the Industrial
Council. The meeting
takes place in Johannes-
burg. : .
“rhe unions compnse,
the Metal and Allied
Workers Union
(Mawu), the Steel Engi-
neering and Allied
Workers Union
(Seawu), the South Af-
rican Boilermakers’ So-
ciety (SABS), Engi-
neering Industrial

CSO: 3400/908

Workers’ Union
(EIWU) and the Na-
tional Automobile and
Allied Workers Union
(Naawu).

The SACIMF, which
represents some 200 000
metalworkers in SA, has
since inception, com-
mitted itself to fight pov-

:erty wages, the restric-
tive influx control,
working conditions and
apartheid in all its
forms.

The local IMF's gene-
ral secretary, Mr Brian
Fredericks, told The SO-
WETAN yesterday that
they resolved to nego-
tiate jointly, because
they represented the
Majority of workers in
the Industrial Council.

He said other pro

‘sals include the raising
of the industry’s mini-
mum wage to R3,50 an
hour, an across-the-
board 50c hourly pay in-
crease, reduction of

100

JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

overtime and allowance
on the annual leave.

! ‘Two of the unions —
Mawu and SABS — re-
fused to sign the IC,
wage agreement with
the Steel Engineering
Industries Federation of
SA (Seifsa), an employ-
ers association, last year
and threatened to take
industrial action.

they believed they have

to be tough at the nego-

tiation table, but they
will also take into cogni-
,Sance the country’s re-
cession and the large
scale unemployment.
“We shall finally
make a decision on all
,pending on what the em-
'ployers will be giving to,
jour members,” he said.’
iHowever, he could not
jsay whether they will re-
‘sort to industrial action.
A spokesman for the

IC has confirmed the

imeeting. _



The memorandum submitted for the approval of the delegation, listing several
items, including the Bougouni-Kalana highway and the Diamou cement factory,
will be the subject of a frank and cordial discussion between the two parties.

Finally, it may be noted that the Soviet delegation, after paying courtesy
visits to officials of the party and government, left our country last Friday.

9824
csO: 3419318

36



"If the government doesn't act with a desire to bring the currently prevailing
situation to an end, the country will be so destabilized that the government
will not be able to restore order."

Mr Marais said that the current lack of public order is worse than ever before
in the history of South Africa, "The situation which prevails now is much
worse than at any previous time because riots and violence have actually
taken on endemic proportions."

Mr Marais said that undoubtedly the current series of disturbances were de-
liberate.

8700
cso: 3401/136

61



CSO:

3400/882

unity, the pace of the coun-
try’s development would be-

reduced. .

“*Our task is dévelopment
and building the nation for
‘our ‘children’, said the
President.

He asked provincial com-
missioners to deploy ad-
ministration policemen to
assist the regular police in
combating crime,-noting that
there were not, enough
- policemen. . .

The President said,
however, that the number of
regular police was being
increased. _

He warned chiefs and sub-
chiefs in the country that they
will be sacked outright: if
bhang was found growing in
their areas.

He said bhang grew on
land and wondered how chiefs
and sub-chiefs did not know
about it yet the areas were
under their jurisdiction. _

“A chief or assistant chief.
where bhang is found grow-
ing will be sacked,’’.the Presi-
dent said.

He said bhang was not a
body builder and those who
‘sraoked it got spoilt. ~

32

Touching on the ‘security
situation in Marsabit district,
President Moi thanked. the
Kenya Army for assisting
police in crashing cattle
rustlers and in recor
stolen cattle and goats.

On Monday last week, cat
tle rustlers reportedly killed 40
people in a manyatta in the I:
eret area of Marsabit district
and stole 6,000 cattle and
goats and 2,000 camels.

President Moi said there
were people jailed in 1982 for
involvement in. the distur-
bances who warited their jail

. terms reduced and wondered
whether they were not aware
129 people had died during the
disturbances, ; ;

Present at the ceremony in-
cluded the Vice-President and
Minister for Home Affairs,

“Mr. Mwai Kibaki, Chief of the
General Staff, General J. K.
Mulinge, the Commissioner of
Police, Mr. Njiinu, a Minister
in the Office of President, Mr.
Peter Nyakiamo, Central Pro-
vincial Commissioner, Mr.
Luka Galgalo and an Assis-

‘tant Minister in the Office of
the President, Mr. Ngumbu
Nijururi, andi other local
leaders. .



JPRS-SSA~-85~031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SHIFT FROM DISINVESTMENT TO QUALIFIED SANCTIONS EXPLAINED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 17 Mar 85 p 16

[Article by Willie Esterhuyse:

Disinvestment"]

[Text]

SINCE November 21, when
the demonstrations at our
Washington embassy started,
South Africa has been in the
‘American spotlight as never
before.

Several factors have
played, and are still playing,
a role in sustaining this inter-

est.

@ President’s Reagan's
landslide victory over the
Democrats and the frustra-
tion of his opponents.

@ Constructive engage-
ment and SA’s internal poli-
tics have become the wea-

ons with which those

frustrated by his victory try
to‘harry him into a political
corner.

@ The arrest of union
leaders last year and the con-
tinuing unrest in black com-
munities.

© Bishop Tutu’s high pro-
file visit to the States and the
extensive publicity given to
his views.

@ Forced removals, resett-
Jement schemes and actions
taken against squatters.

All this has given momen-
tum to the drive for disin-
vestment. Among some influ-
ential anti-South African
lobbyists there has been an
important recent shift in em-

hasis — from disinvestment
jo qualified sanctions.

Obvious

‘The strategy behind this
shift is obvious. If some of the
‘elements of the proposals for
qualified sanctions are ac-
cepted, the next step will be
to add to the list.

Astrong drive in favour of
qualified sanctions would
moreover compel moderates
to opt for a compromise.

In our evaluation of the
campaign for qualified sanc-
tions it is important to keep
in mind that the American
process of decision-making is
profoundly influenced by
“public opinion in general and

y lobbying in particular.
\ “Those protesting against
“SA and campaigning for dis-
investment do have lobbying
power and should not be dis-
carded as a bunch of unin-
formed radicals.

If we put any value‘on a
{good and solid relationship

with the Reagan Administra-
tion, care should be taken not
to provide unnecessary am-
munition to those in the anti-
South African firing squad.

It should be obvious that a
discrediting of constructive
engagement by South Afri-
can officials will of necessit:
provide our antagonists with

“proof” that the Reagan
Administration is on the
wrong track.

64

"The One Really Good Thing To Come Out of

Admittedly, to the South
African authorities this fact
oses a rather sensitive prob-
lem.

On the one hand, SA cannot
allow the impression that she
is the victim of American in-
terests and is dictated to by
the Reagan Administration.

On the other hand, we can-
not allow ourselves the
Tuxury of defiantly turning a
cold shoulder on constructive
engagement, claiming that it
is of no concern to us.

What is needed is delicate
diplomatic shuffle on both
sides of the Atlantic, and a
good understanding of each
other's positions,

It is furthermore impor-
tant to note that those de-
monstrating against SA try
to project themselves as the
only force which can affect
developments in this country.

Their strategy is obvious.
If they succeed in Projecting
this image they will also suc-
ceed in eroding the credibil-
ity of constructive engage-
ment and the claims of
American companies that
they have had a positive

bearing on developments in



UNEMPLOYMENT UP BY 75 PERCENT IN NATAL

JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 Mar 85 p 12

[Text]

cso:

3400/908

DURBAN. - - The rate
of unemployment in Na-
tal has rocketed by more
than 75 percent since
January this year, accord-
ing’ to Mr J Hitchcock,
divisional inspector for
the Department of Man-.
power in Durban.

He said this week
29 959 people registered
with the Department as
unemployed last month of
which 19 878 were Blacks.
In January the figure was
17124 of which 9 133
were Blacks.

Mr Hitchcock said the
sharp increase was prob-
ably the result of Blacks
returning from the home-
lands after the holidays to
seek employment. ‘The
figures are expected to in-
crease gradually from
now on,” he added.

Latest figures released
by the Department show
that in the Durban area
alone, 3414 Whites,
1523 Coloureds and
5 144 Indians were unem-
ployed in February.

In the previous months

there were 2 960 Whites,

1229 Coloureds. and
3802 Indians “‘unem-
ployed,

101

Two unemployed
Whites attracted public
attention when they
staged a sit-in demonstra-
tion in central Durban on
Wednesday morning,
complete with their tools
and baggage, to highlight
their plight.

Mr David Douglas (35)
and Mr Desmond van der
Merwe (25), said they had
been battling for a job
since January after their
previous employment
contracts with a Richards
Bay company and the
South African ‘Transport
services ended.

Mr Douglas, a former
instruments foreman, said
he and his colleague had
travelled as far as Cape
‘Town in search of em-
ployment.

He said they had decid-
ed to stage a “polite re-
quest for a job” during
the peak early morning
rush hour in the hope that
somebody would take no-
tice of their plight.

But, by midmorning
when there was still no
prospect of a job, they
packed it in. — Sapa.

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA-35-031.
16 April 1985

NIGERIA

FORMER KADUNA GOVERNOR RECEIVES 21-YEAR JAIL SENTENCE
AB230830 Lagos NAN in English 0803 GMT 28 Mar 85

[Text] Kaduna, 27 Mar (NAN)--'The Kaduna zone of the Special Military Tribunal
on Recovery of Public Property today sentenced the former governor of Kaduna
state, Abba Musa Rimi, to 21 years in prison for corruptly enriching 96
legislators of the defunct State House of Assembly to the tune of N500,000
from the security votes. Rimi, was however, discharged and acquitted by the
tribunal on the first count of expending N922,900 which was part of security
votes of the state government on other things than government business,

The chairman of the tribunal, Brig Peter Ademokai, said a prosecution witness,
Alhaji Abbashe Abdullahi, who was the chairman of the appropriation committee
iu the defunct Legislature, had told the tribunal that he collected the
N50,000 [as received] from Rimi on behalf of members of the assembly. In his
own defence, Rimi admitted giving the money to the legislators "for keeping
law and order in their constitutencies." When asked to plead for mitigation
of sentence, Rimi quoted a verse from the Moly Koran which says: "from Allah
we come and unto Him shall we return."

The tribunal ordered that the sum of N42,000, yet to be refunded by the former

legislators, should be paid within 14 days, adding that defaulters should be
arrested and detained until they pay up.

CSO: 3400/815



[Answer] The South African Communist Party, which receives direct
instructions from Moscow, is the very closest partner of the ANC. A number
of prominent communists are also in the executive of ANC. The influence is
very strong.

[Question] Recently one had the impression that your government is
nonetheless willing to talk with the ANC.

[Answer] As long as ANC carries out sabotage, terror and murder with its
militant wing, there is no possibility of a dialogue.

[Question] Perhaps the confrontation would lessen if you lifted the ban on
ANC?

[Answer] The ANC would have to abjure violence. The policy of our government
and of my party, the National Party, has always been based on encouraging
political debate. People are to organize politically, and to rule them-
selves. Why should we withhold this right from any political organization?

[Question] Yet you are doing it! Recently, a black worker was arrested and
sentenced to jail because he had ANC slogans on the mug which he used during
his lunch break.

{Answer] We have no reason to make concessions to the militant wing of
ANC.

[Question] A political slogan on a coffee mug...

[Answer] Whenever any person in South Africa propagates the interests and
goals of ANC in an open breach of the law, the law takes its course. But
there are also many examples where people wore the ANC colors at meetings
and funerals. But we didn't storm in to persecute those people.

[Question] Yet ever more young black people are declaring war on your system.
[Answer] Some radical organizations, inspired by the Communist Party, the
ANC and other groups abroad, want to destroy South Africa's democratic system
and establish a Marxist-socialist system.

[Question] For the black majority, South Africa certainly does not look

like a democracy. Yet onthe other hand, you do not shy away from talking
with Marxists, with neighboring states such as Mozambique and Angola.

[Answer] If Mozambique and Angola prefer this system, it is their ow
affair. In South Africa, we prefer democracy.

9917
cso: 3420/38

84



[Question] But do you think it is possible that South Africa, because of a
treaty with Luanda, could cut off supplies?

[Answer] I've already mentioned that I have no guarantees and South Africa
has the most diversified interests in this region! I'm not new to politics
anymore, if someone were to come here and swear that he would never again
desert me...I have already been betrayed so often!

[Question] How high is UNITA's annual income?

[Answer] Approximately $85 million. That depends entirely on the funds
available at the time. It could also be $50 or $70 million. The amount is
discussed with the countries who have it. Out budget is flexible. We could
ask for $50 million and we would get it. But it could also work out that
they could give us only $30 million. However we can't make do with any less
than $30 million.

[Question] Who are the financiers?

[Answer] No one knows for sure, but at the moment there are always more and
more.

[Question] So, African and Arabic countries! With regard to what is going
on in France, isn't it about the same as during Giscard's term?

[Answer] But the people there now are also not opposed to us! Although they
don't help us directly. The withdrawal of the Communists from the government
would naturally be to our benefit. The French have understood quite well
what is going on here in Angola.

[Question] And Israel?

[Answer] Never. There are two countries with which UNITA never had any
relations and never will. The first is Israel because of our Arabic friends,
and the other is Taiwan because of our relationship with the People's Republic
of China. And Taiwan actually approached us with many offers when Beijing
recognized the MPLA government, but we always turned them down.

[Question] Among the Arabs, is it probably the Saudis who have been especially
helpful to UNITA?

[Answer] We have already been working with the Arabs for some time, with
Eqypt as early as Nasser's time...

[Question] And in Africa? Is Morocco again training UNITA soldiers?

[Answer] In Africa there are many countries who help us but it is always
Morocco's name that is brought up! But then again we do not want to name
other countries for strategic reasons. In any case, military training does
not only take place in Morocco.



SENEGAL

Abdoulaye Wade Claims PS Is Minority
(Abdoulaye Wade Interview; WAL FADJRI, 8-25 Mar 85) seoee

SOUTH AFRICA

CP Official Deplores Assembly's Lack of Power
(THE CITIZEN, 27 Mar 85) secccecececvcuccececessorevveres

Botha Says New Council Is Proof of Reform
(THE CITIZEN, 27 Mar 85) cecesceccececveccenccccceueseses

PFP Criticizes Botha's Defence of Le Grange
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 26 Mar 85) seseeesseeeeeeeree

Commentary Discusses Upcoming Judicial Inquiry
(Johannesburg International Service, 26 Mar 85) ....+ee+e

Kennedy's Disinvestment Bill Criticized as Interference
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 12 Mar 85) .sveeeeeeececcecesceeseces

No Invitation to UN Geneva Conference on Famine in Africa
(DIE. BURGER, 12 Mar 85) ssceceeececeseccererenveerecncees

Marais Urges Stronger Action Against Rioters
(DIE AFRIKANER, 7 Feb 85) seescccccececcescccoecsseseeces

Construction Threatened by State's In-House Work
(Alec Hogg; SUNDAY TIMES, 17 Mar 85) ..ssseeessececeeeees

Costs of Parliamentary Additions, Renovation Reported
(Chris Freimond; RAND DAILY MAIL, 21 Mar 85) ..seeseseeee

Shift From Disinvestment To Qualified Sanctions Explained
(Willie Esterhuyse; SUNDAY TIMES, 17 Mar 85) ..seeeeseeee

Government Urges Spending Cuts, Private Sector Hesitates
(DIE BURGER, 7 Mar 85) sseceesececvccceecerecsssceesseees

Secret Document on Integration of Government Departments
(DIE AFRIKANER, 20 Feb 85) wesceeseccceccccseecseuessceee

Crossroads’ Cost to Taxpayers
(DIE BURGER, 28 Feb 85) ssceescccnccccecescconccseeuscees

Anti-Apartheid Bodies Lead in Defence Against Disinvestment
(David Breier; THE SUNDAY STAR, 17 Mar 85) ..seseeee

Church Body Calls for End to Apartheid
(THE CITIZEN, 29 Mar 85) ssescescecescececeecescecers

-e-

45

52

53

54

55

56

59

60

62

63

64

66

68

70

72

74


JPRS-SSA~85~031
16 April 1985

NAMIBIA

NORTH, NORTH-EAST AREAS RESTRICTED TO STOP INFILTRATION
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 6 Mar 85 p 11
[Staff report: "Permits Needed for Areas in SWA"]

[Text] Windhoek--A large part of the northern and northeastern Southwest
may no longer be visited without a permit. Severe punishments await trans-
gressors, as announced here yesterday morning by the Commissioner of the
Sovthwest Police, Lieutenant General Dolf Gouws.

Security districts which are affected are Kaokoland, Ovambo, Kavango, East
Caprivi, Bushmanland and eastern Hereroland.

General Gouws said at a news conference that the order under the Proclamation
on Security Districts had been issued for security reasons. According to
him, the security force can no longer guarantee the security of members of
the public visiting the area. Another reason is to corner infiltrators in
the area.

According to a statement read by General Gouws, the prohibition does not
apply to people whose "permanent homes or permanent residences are located
within these security districts."

“People who have already established themselves within these security dis-
tricts, but only live there for a temporary reason, will have to have a
permit."

The order will be in effect as of 11 March when it will be announced in the
government gazette.

General Gouws said that people who want to visit these areas can apply for
a permit at their nearest police station in the Southwest. Visitors are
advised to apply for the permit at least 3 days before the planned visit.

According to General Gouws ‘the police will take strong action against
transgressors. The punishment upon conviction is a fine of 600 rands
maximum or, alternatively, a prison term of at most 1 year or a prison term
without the option of a fine, or both,

39



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CROSSROADS' COST TO TAXPAYERS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 28 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] Every month Crossroads costs the taxpayer nearly 40,000 rands, simply
to reimburse the Cape Town municipal council for water consumption and the de-
partmental council for trash removal, according to information furnished to
DIE BURGER.

All told, Crossroads squatters should be paying 91,000 rands per month in ser-
vice charges to the development council, but in January only 951 rands was
paid by a number of old, reliable squatters. ‘The others refuse to contribute
anything, and they live there free of charge. They refuse to pay a cent for
water or trash removal into the bargain.

Mr J.H. Steyn, chief executive officer of the Urban Foundation, in a statement
he made to SAPA yesterday, said that he welcomes the possibility that the
squatters’ camp called Crossroads may possibly be redeveloped and become a
residential district.

"Still, the Foundation has always been opposed to compulsory resettlement as
a solution, and has instead recommended upgrading as an alternative," he said.

The Foundation accepts the necessity of resettling some of Crossroads’ inhabi-
tants so that a thorough upgrading program may become possible.

He expresses the hope that this will come about through direct negotiations
between Dr Gerrit Viljoen, minister of cooperation, development and education,
and the Crossroads community.

Meanwhile, Mr Samuel Langa, spokesperson for the Crossroads Committee, said
that he wants "written assurances" from the government before reacting to the
plans for the squatters' camp that have been laid before the parliament by
Dr Viljoen.

This situation has already lasted for a long time, Mr Sampie Steenkamp, the
public relations officer for the West Cape development council, told DIE BURGER.

The extent of the damage caused by the rioting has not yet been determined, be-
cause the insurance agency is still calculating it.

70



DECENTRALIZATION BILL FOR SOUTH AFRICA SOARS

JPRS-SSA-85-031

16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES, Business Times in English 17 Mar 85 p 9

{Article by Amrit Manga]

{Text]

THE South African
Government will have
to finance more than
1600 industries which
are expected to qualify
for decentralisation
benefits in 1984-85.

Although the figures have
not eon felensed® the chair-
man of the Decentralisation
Board, Dougie de Beer, sa}
the number of successful
companies will exceed 150%
of the 1983-84 total.

The board’s financial year
has not ended and its report
is expected to be tabled in
Parliament in May.

Foreigners

Most applications have
eome from industries al-
ready in decentralised re-
gions.

Mr de Beer says the
board’s report for 1984-85
year will reflect a surprising
number of new foreign apple
cations. Only 18% of applica-
tions are from industrialists
in urban areas.

Industrial decentralisation
has not been without prob-
Jems. .

Wessels van Wyk, Ciskei’s
director of communication,
says: “Neither the Ciskei nor

cso: 3400/908

South Africa will be able to
finance decentralisation in
the next few years if the cur-
rent rate of growth contin-
ues”

‘The South African Govern-
ment paid nearly R307-mil-
lion in decentralisation bene-
fits from February 1984 to
January 1985. The projected
figure for 1985-86 is more
than R500-million. The figure
excludes payment by the SA.
Government of 50% of decen-
tralisation costs incurred in
the independent homelands
(TBVC areas).

Incentives

Industrialists in the Ciskei
received R34-million in con-
cessions in 1983-84. Mr van
Wyk says: “We paid out more
than R40-million in 1984-85.”

‘The amount is ex; to
increase to R90-million, of
which R45-million will be
met by the SA taxpayer.

The multi-million rand in-
centives have also attracted
less profitable concerns
which have cashed in on the
benefits.

Researchers at the Uni-
versity of the Witwatersrand
found that 79% of businesses
would not have considered
moving were it not for incen-
tives. The researchers have

79

not vet found the reasons why
50% of applications approved
by the decentralisation board
failed to “take off”.

Mr van Wyk says: “This is
one of the reasons why Ciskei
has shifted the emphasis
from cash benefits to tax con-
cessions, making decentral-
isation to the homeland via-
ble for profitable concerns
only.”

Subsidies

Handsome wage subsidies
are also open to abuse. Mr
van Wyk says the formula
used to calculate subsidies
allows companies to inflate
the average wage, 95% of
which is reimbursed by the
homeland and the SA Gov-
ernment.

According to the Wits re-
searchers, labour costs are
said to be satisfactory by
more than 90% of respon-
dents in decentralised zones.

Mr van Wyk says: “A new
formula has, however, been
worked out to prevent abuse
and will come into effect in

April.

“The decentralisation
package has also been re-
sponsible for lopsided devel-
opment, favouring manufac-
turing industry and
neglecting growth of com-
mercial enterprises.”



an 167070

JPRS-SSA-85-031

16 April 1985

A

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

- t99e0224 190

‘Drtc QUALITY INSPECTED ®

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

~ A
REPRODUCED BY “DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

NATIONAL TECHNICAL ;/ ic release;
A roved for public te
INFORMATION SERVICE Approvec vat Unlimited

US, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
i SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



cso:

economy than any forma),
economic sanctions. . *-

The effects of bans on the
transfer or Lechnology ‘such
as computers, is im] le
to estimate Because of the
likelihood that the country
would be able to acquire’

this technology .under the-

counter, *. Bot
* . Bans: on the sale ‘of. Kru-
errands in the United
{tates “and- cn .new- loans
from United States .banks
(forcing South * Africa: .to.
look for loans'-in Europe)
would be vipeitants, but
would be inlikely'{o lead'to
economic -catastrophe.- ° .
South Africa has had to
live’ with an ojl embargo.for
‘more than’ 15 years, and

while this, has férced ‘the

country -to buy ojl.at-a pre

-mium, it has hardly brought,

the economy to its knees,
.Trade sanctions would hit

.South Africa'more severely
~than an investment boycott,
. but even here the example

of Rhodesia somewhat les-
sens the psychological:
threat,  - :

3400/908

Professor Arnt Spanday,
then. head of. the .Depart-
ment of Business. Econo-

.MmicS at Wits University,

inted out in 1976 that’

hodesia was the, “most as-
tonishing, exatople ‘of sut'-
yival potential, under eco-
ome sanctions”. *
‘Manipulation of ex-
change,control, the suspen-
‘sion of interest payment
United Kingdom loans .and
the wide-open “back. door”

of South Africa were-some

of the adjustments. which
képt ;the Rhodesian eco-
nomy going. a

Prof Spandau. made’ the
last comprehensive assess-
ment of the costs of eco-
nomic boycotts against
South Africa in-1976. *

He ¢ajculated that a
“pure” boycott of 50% of all
long-term foreign invest-°
ments jn South Africa
would lead to the loss of a”
total of 90°911 jobs... 51 789
of them black: =~

Prof Spandau. also esti-
mated that a hypothetical

105

50% export trade boycott
would ‘cost a total of
1983 462° jobs, a figure
which would since have in-
creased marginally. But
this-is a scenario which is a
Jong way from becoming a
reality. * :

"+ Much-of what would hap-
pen under extended interna-
‘tional, economic sanctions
belongs -in the -realm of
“guesswork. -- *

“The fact that one does not
‘yet know what forms new
sanctions will take in the
“future, and- how the South
African’ economy will ad-
just. to -the -new situation;
‘makes, it -impossible- to
make a finite estimate. |

> Just as it is impossible to
estimate. the ,Hrreperable
harm that-has already been
‘done, ‘to thé ‘South African
” my by -the on-going

political climate and inter-
.national.moral indignation
with apartheid, which over
the years has deterred
foreign investors from
‘Moving into ‘South ‘Africa.



IVORY COAST

Status of Foreigners in National Life Examined
(AFRICA, No 69, Feb 85) Were tec eeee nee neeeeeeeencens

I. How Many Are There, by Kebson Ouattara
II, Integration Tomorrow, by Christian N'Guessan

KENYA
Moi Calls for Intensification of War Against Crime
(Job Githinji; THE KENYA TIMES, 2 Mar 85) ...... seeee
Regional Ministers Sign Transit Accord
(THE KENYA TIMES, 26 Feb 85) Steet teen eee e cent eteeseeees
Chotara Argues for University Relocation
(THE KENYA TIMES, 26 Feb 85) Stee e eee w nese eee eerereeeees
MALI
Visit of Soviet Delegation Reported
(G. Traore; L'ESSOR, 9-10 Feb 85) wee eee e een e reese eceee
MOZAMBIQUE
Lisbon: Mozambique Appeals for Aid Following Power Line Damage
(Lisbon Domestic Service, 27 Mar 85) eee eee eee eeneeeeeee
Briefs
Sea Transport Study
Chinese Aid
NAMIBIA
North, North-East Areas Restricted To Stop Infiltration
(DIE BURGER, 6 Mar 85) eee eee cece eee seeeeeeees see
NIGERIA

Idiagbon Calls for Exploitation of Natural Gas
(NAN, 19 Mar 85) Peete cece erm ence cece neneeseseeeessere

Former Kaduna Governor Receives 21-Year Jail Sentence
(NAN, 28 Mar 85) Adee eee weet ene eceeeeeeeeses

Briefs
EEC Aid
Trade Surplus With EEC
Banned Party Chairman Wanted
Gas Recycling Plant Commissioned

-b-

22

22
27

31

33

34

35

37

38
38

39

41

42



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SUSPENSION OF CLASSES IN EAST RAND SCHOOLS LIFTED
Johannesburg THE SOWETAN in English 13 Mar 85 p 5
[Article by Mzikayise Edom]

[Text] The Department of Education and Training has lifted the suspension
of classes at 16 schools in the East Rand-~but six schools in other parts
of the country remain closed.

Mr Edgar Posselt, the deputy chief public relations officer of DET, yester-
day said the turnout of pupils at the 11 Duduza schools was very good when
the suspension of classes ended on Monday. About 82 percent of the nine
primary school pupils attended classes while 86 percent of the two high
school pupils turned up.

He said the suspension of classes at the five Tembisa high schools also
ended on Monday and pupils came back in large numbers. Of the 723 pupils
at Jiyane Secondary School, 540 turned up while at Tembisa High School 800
out of 1 060 pupils attended. The suspension of classes at a school in
Odendaalsrus was also lifted yesterday.

Mr Posselt said DET yesterday suspended classes at the Walmansdal High
School in Soshanguve and that pupils at two secondary schools in Thabong,
Welkom, boycotted classes for no reason at about 10 am. Pupils at the
Soshanguve school did not attend lessons because one of their teachers was
transferred without being informed.

He also announced the suspension of classes of Mophathe Secondary School in
Bothaville, North Western Free State, a secondary school in Wesselsbron

until March 20, a secondary school in Virginia, a secondary school, Vula-
masango in Bloemfontein, will also resume classes on March 18.

cso: 3400/876

106



JPRS-SSA-85 -031
16 April 1985

II. Integration Tomorrow
Dakar AFRICA in French No 69, Feb 85 p 27
[Article by Christian N'Guessan ]

[text] What fate is in store for non-Ivorian Africans in Ivory
Coast? That is a delicate question, because not all these "fo-
reigners" have the same social status, which means they have no-
thing to do with the Ivorians themselves. In general, intellec-
tuals and sound middle-class residents enjoy a degree of prospe-
rity, are readier to complain about foreigners who are not Afri-
cans, mainly the French and the Lebanese, while the difficulties
the African "aliens" encounter stem from the relations that bind
them to the social classes and levels of fairly modest means.

There is nothing astonishing about that. The French hold the top
positions in the administration, in education, in industry and
trade, positions the local intellectuals and industrialists look
upon as their birthright. The Lebanese, particularly since the
recession, have merrily prospered in safe and solid commercial
areas ranging from pure trading to the restaurant business, via
such miscellaneous sidelines as automobile sales.

"African" aliens, on the contrary, are closer to the poor, and
when you come across them in the upper reaches of prosperity,
their life-styles are never really ostentatious. And so there
are indeed some teachers from Benin or Guinea or Togo, but they
don't really bother the Ivorians.

It's quite a different story at the level of the less-affluent
portion of Ivorian society. There you have a problem, compounded
by its persistence.

Pillage and Plunder
It was not until 1947 that the French colonial authorities decided
to split Ivory Coast and Burkina into two separate districts. Un-

til then, we used to speak of upper Ivory Coast and Lower Ivory
Coast. Merely beginning, in 1947, to say "Upper Volta" instead

27



New Council To Tackle Urban Unrest

cso:

3400/874

CAPE TOWN. — The
Government was fully
aware that there were
problems in urban Black
communities which led to
frustration, the — State
President, Mr P W Botha,
said in Cape Town yester-
day.

Speaking at the open-
ing of the meeting of the
Co-ordinating Council on
local government, Mr Bo-
tha said the underlying
reasons for unrest in the
Black urban arcas would
have to receive the atten-
tion of the Co-ordinating
Council.

86

“the Government is
tully aware of and ac-
knowledges that there are
certain problems which
lead to frustration in the
urban Black communi-
ties. ‘The elimination of
these problenis so as to
provide better prospects
for all and acceptable
minimum living standards
will depend on the suc-
cessful functioning of
Black authorities which in
turn can be assisted by the
establishment of regional
cs councils.” =



[Question] But it is uncommon for a constitutional state to arrest people
without having recourse to the courts of law, without ever being brought

before a judge.

[Answer] Not at all. The person is not being arrested in order to be
brought into court for a criminal offense. The arrest for a shorter or
longer period only serves interrogation.

[Question] More unsolved deaths of prisoners in custody have occurred in
South Africa than in any other Western country.

[Answer] A few years ago. But now we try to make the prisoner as comfortable
as possible; we try not to house them together with other criminals in police

or jail cells.

[Question] As comfortable as possible? In reality, South Africa does
not distinguish between criminal and political offenders.

[Answer] I assure you that we are doing everything to detain these people
under humane conditions.

[Question] The arrests of trade unionists were criticized by the three
largest federations of industries. Disturbances in the labor field, they
say, have increased rather than decreased due to police interference.

[Answer] I have had a talk with the federations. I asked them: why, for
heaven's sake, do you criticize the government which sees to it that the
business world, industry and commerce can carry on under normal circumstances?

[Question] Some enterprises seem to see it differently. And the Catholic
bishops' conference describes in a report how brutally your forces of order
proceeded during disturbances against demonstrators and prisoners in black
residential districts. Have you had this report examined?

[Answer] Yes. And I hope to be able to read soon a comment by my people.
The bishops' report did receive our attention.

[Question] The relative balance of police measures seems no longer ensured.

[Answer] Our police forces have strict orders to act within the framework
of the law and their standing instructions. But, of course, this is
difficult during riots when a policeman has to decide in a fraction of a
second, and while running. I .do not reprimand any policeman who under such
circumstances comes to a decision different from what I might have liked,

or different from what the law prescribes. But in general, the South African
police try to do their best. Our motto is: Servamus et servimus--we protect
and serve.

81



JPRS-SSA-85-031.
16 April 1985

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ANGOLA
|
|

CUBAN TROOPS ACCUSED OF POGROM AGAINST CHRISTIANS f

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Mar 85 p 11 |

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

A MASS of substantiated ma-
terial being gathered in Pretoria
tells of a horrifying pogrom of
Christian churchgoers in Angola
by Cuban troops —- troops
South Africa wants removed.

Files of material telling of the
gruesome killings of large num-
bers of Christians and their re-
ligious leaders have been gath-
ered by the Reverend Edward
Cain, for many years a Baptist
missionary in Mozambique and
a recognised expert on the im-
pact of communism on Mozam-
bique and Angola.

Mr Cain told The Citizen that
the one clear message that kept
ing out of Angola, where
stians were practising their
faith in much the same under-
ground ways as the old Chris-
tians of Rome, was to pray for
the withdrawal of the Cubans
from Angola.

He cited a number of cases of
mass killings of Black Christians
by MPLA-backed Cuban troops
and attacked both the World

cso: 3400/877

Council of Churches and the
politically active Council of
Churches of Namibia for their
lack of interest in the plight of
ch s in Angola.

Ife said that a delegation of
Christians from the bush in An-
gola had visited the World
Council of Churches in Switzer-
land as far back as 1982. ‘They
explained the suffering of the
Christians in Angola to senior
officials of the WCC.

“They asked them to help the
churches as they had done in the
past.

The officials listened politely
but have never responded to the
request.” Mr Cain said.

The WCC had plenty of
money for Marxist “liberation
movements” bent on violence
but none for poor Christians
who proclaimed a Biblical mes-
sage, he added.

“specially not for those per-
secuted by the Marxists,” said
Mr Cain.

Similarly, the Council of
Churches of Namibia could not
plead ignorance of the systema-
tic persecution of the church in
Angola

Christians who had fled to
areas dominated by the Unita
forces of Dr Jonas Savimbi had
found that complete freedom of
religion was permitted, he
added.

Atrocities listed by Mr Cain
included the burning alive of
Christians; the axing down of a
pastor and, 37 cattle with his
body left on top of the cattle;
mortaring of hospitals and
schools; use of churches for sto-
rage of Russian-made arms, am-
munition and equipment; and
the wholesale killing of teachers
and nut

Of the Council of Hvangclical
Churches of Central Angola
alone, at least 10 of the 50 pas-
tors in the field had been brutal-
ly murdered.



only a minority by virtue of the fact that only a minority went to the polls.
I think that there are no better elections. I regret that your newspaper did
not analyze those elections.

[Question] You must. have missed it. "The People Win by Abstention" is the
headline of our issue 17 on the day after those elections.

[Answer] I am sorry then. I did not know that. So much the better for me then.

11,464
CSO: 3419/337

51



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON VITAL NEED TO SAVE NKOMATI ACCORD

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 17 Mar 85 p 12

[Article by JHP Serfontein]

[Text]

| T IS JUST possible that the one-

year-old historic Nkomati Accord be-
tween Mozambique and South Africa
may still be saved — although it seems
to be in tatters. .

It is in the short and long term

-interests of both countries to keep it
‘going and each has too much to lose if it
‘inally collapses.

Yet there is little doubt that
ultimately there is far more at stake for
South Africa and in particular for the
Afrikaner Government: its prestige,
honour, international credibility and
even its present new drive of domestic
reforms.

At the time Nkomati was presented as
a dramatic diplomatic coup which pre-
pared the way for Mr PW Botha’s
triumphant visit to Europe.

Cynically, some Frelimo leaders told
me that the collapse of Nkomati, or the
withdrawal from it, would hardly make
any difference to Mozambique at this
stage “because today, after one year, we
are in a far worse situation”.

It is clear that the ball is entirely in
South Africa’s court. The onus is on her
to make the Nkomati Accord work
again. Some dramatic action, not merely

estures or statements, is now needed
rom Pretoria.

The crux of the problem is South
Africa’s failure to have taken sufficient
concrete steps to crush Renamo (MNR)
activities inside South Africa.

With pride the Frelimo Government
points to the harsh measures it took
against ANC leaders and officials in Ma-
puto within weeks after Nkomati. It in-
cluded house searches, detentions and _

93

deportations of people with whom it had
the closest personal friendship, and of an
organisation of which it has been a close
ally for more than 20 years.

th a nutshell, Frelimo demands a
similar quid pro quo, its pound of flesh.
Its maximum demand is immediate and
similar, publicly-announced —_ actions
against Renamo and its
backers inside South
Africa. Its minimum re-
quest would be that,
whatever is done, Mo-
zambique wanted to
experience the lip
service promise in the
form of an immediate
disappearance of
Renamo activities close
to the South African
border.

This week
commentators in
pro-Government
newspapers reflected
anxiety and near panic
about the consequences
of a collapse of the
accord.

Beeld’s columnist Dr
Piet Muller urged that
South Africa should take some tangible
action to save the accord.

He suggested “a symbolic deed” such
as an airbridge to Maputo to provide
supplies, or a contingent of 1 000 sol-
diers to protect the railway and power
lines between Komatiepoort and
Maputo.



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ANTI-APARTHEID BODIES LEAD IN DEFENCE AGAINST DISINVESTMENT

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 17 Mar 85 p 3

[Article by David Breier]

[Text]

THE SOUTH African Government
has been forced to take a back seat
while anti-apartheid bodies lead
the country’s defence against the
international disinvestment cam-
paign. :
International affairs analysts point
out that the government itself can do
comparatively little to thwart the dis-

‘investment campaign because any-

thing it says is tainted by its own poli-
ciés which gave rise to the disinvest-
ment campaign in the first place.

Even though the Department of For-
eign Affairs has set up a special cam-
paign against disinvestment, it has
been up to South African agencies
which oppose the government’s segre-
gation policy, to put the most persua-
sive cases against disinvestment.

These include the Urban Foundation
and South Africa’s most powerful busi-
ness interests which met British and
American counterparts at Leeds Castle
near London recently.

Slabbert

A meeting of top-level directors was
far more likely to persuade overseas
companies to remain in South Africa
than any campaign by the Department
of Foreign Affairs, sources involved
with the meeting said this week.

72

Other examples of anti-apartheid
personalities pleading South Africa’s
case overseas include the visit by Chief
Gatsha Buthelezi of kwaZulu to the
United States. :

Dr Frederik van Zyl Slabbert, the
Progressive Federal Party leader, pre-
sented the case against disinvestment
at a debate of the Oxford Union where
he opposed the motion that all links
with South Africa should end immedia-
tely. _

The motion was carried by the nar-
row majority of 205 votes to 193. The
margin might have been far greater
had an official government spokesman
spoken against the motion. .

Dr Slabbert said in an interview on
his return this week that any govern-
ment spokesman had “an impossible
commodity to sell”.

“Those who oppose apartheid have
much more credibility than those who
have to implement government policy
and sell reform at the same time,” he
added. ‘

Le Grange

Any argument against disinvesment
awas countered by the way the govern-
ment applied security legislation, he
said.



REGIONAL MINISTERS SIGN TRANSIT ACCORD

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 26 Feb 85 p 20

[Text]

cso:

MINISTERS for, Transport
and Communications of
‘Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and
:Burundi on - Tuesday,
February 19, signed the Nor-
thern Corridor Transit Agree-
ment in Bujumbura, Burundi.

According to a press release
signed by’ the engineer-in-
chief, Mr. J, K. Kirika, for
permanent secretary in the

Ministry -of . Transport and
“Communications, the signing
ceremony was witnessed by
<representatives of Unctad, the
“EEC, the World Bank and
Zaire.

The events that led to the
agreement started in 1980
when, as a result of the
representations from various
landlocked states, whose
-essential imports and exports
are routed through the port of
Mombasa, a body known as
the Northern Corridor Perma-
nent Steering Committee was
established.

The committee was given
the task of ironing out the ad-
‘ministrative and logistical pro-

blems associated with the

3400/882

33

movement of transit traffic.
The problems were mainly
connected with the use of port
facilities at Mombasa,
customs and documentation
procedures used for transit

ie A ;

‘he steering committee

‘agreed in 1982 that time had

icome to produce a com-
prehensive agreement that
would deal with all aspects of
transit traffic.

The fundamental objective
‘of such an agreement, ‘the
press released added, would be

to obtain a smooth and rapid
!movement of goods
> originating from or destined to
any party to the agreement.
The drafting of the agreement
was given to officials of the
Unctad.

The signatories of the agree-
ment will benefit in an increase
in transit trade, _

The ministers who signed
‘on behalf of their respective
countries were Messrs Arthur

“Magugu (Kenya), Remy
Nkengurutse (Burundi), An-
dre ‘Ntagerura (Rwanda) and
Yosamu Mugenyi of Uganda, .

JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

KENYA



JPRS-SSA-85-031.
16 April 1985

SENEGAL

ABDOULAYE WADE CLAIMS PS IS MINORITY
Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 8-25 Mar 85 pp 3-7

[Interview with Abdoulaye Wade, secretary general of the PDS [Senegalese Demo-
cratic Party], by Youssoupha Ndiaye and Sidy Lamine Niass; date and place not

given]

[Text] After an absence from the national territory of nearly
a year, Abdoulaye Wade returned to Senegal on 16 February. It
was an absence that caused great speculation. His summons by
police as soon as he arrived also roused questions. On all
these matters, we have tried to shed light with the secretary
general of the PDS. We also looked at the future of his party,
which suffered greatly during his absence.

[Question] Abdoulaye Wade summoned to the Central Police Station: That simple
announcement has everyone buzzing. What was the reason for the summons?

[Answer] I was indeed summoned to the Central Police Station on 19 February.
According to the commissioner with whom I talked, it was on the basis of a letter
written by Jean Collin (letter No 154/PR/SG/JUR of 5. November 1984) and sent to
the director general of security, that it.was decided to question me on two
articles which appeared in the Parisian press. The letter was accompanied by a
number of questions that the commissioner asked me. For two reasons, however,

I could have failed to respond to the summons. First of all, as an attorney, I
may respond only to a dean of the examining magistrates and finally, as deputy,

I enjoy the same privilege. Furthermore, according to the terms of Article 50
of the constitution, a deputy may not be prosecuted for the opinions he expresses.
Furthermore, any proceedings outside the court must be authorized by the bureau
of the National Assembly. Despite all those things, I chose to respond to the
summons.

[Question] What was the substance of the questions?

[Answer] The commissioner presented me with the two articles: one published in
JEUNE AFRIQUE from 15 to 22 August 1984.and entitled: "Wade Breaks His Silence,"
and the other published in LE QUOTIDIEN DE PARIS, No 1519 of 11 October 1984,
entitled "Senegal: The Settling of Accounts Within the Governmental Party." As
for the first, he took out but a single passage, the one in which I say: "The
soldiers have no shoes, no stockings. They eat very poorly and some even claim

45



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

in the incidence of rape, burglary and serious assault. The police do not ac~
cept the crime situation as a matter of course. They are thoroughly aware of
the problems and the increasing complexity of maintaining law and order ina
modern society, as well as the demands that this makes on them. The annual
report mentions that 37,755 cases of theft, 15,785 of rape, 153,440 of bur-
glary, 44,372 of car-theft and 125 9002 [sic] of serious assault were reported during
the year under review. Terrorist actions have increased to 56, in contrast to
the 31 of the previous year; child abuse increased from 1 159 to 1 341 cases,
shoplifting from 26,224 to 27,245 cases and drunken driving from 24,431 to
27,453 cases. The report mentions that the conclusion of the Nkomati Agree-
ment has definitely had an effect on the domestic security situation and that
there has been a patent decrease in infiltration. In the year under review,
40,845 people in all were prosecuted for possession, use or cultivation of .
marijuana and trafficking in marijuana. ‘The police seized 316,359 kg of mari-
juana and destroyed an estimated 1,700,606 kg. In response to a question,
Minister Le Grange said that 830 murders last year, 686 rapes and 1 605 _rob-
beries were recorded at the four police stations in Soweto-West. [Text] [Jo-
hannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans 5 Mar 85 p 4] 8117

MPS PAID TO LIVE AT HOME-~Members of the Minister's Council in the (Indian)
House of Delegates are paid an allowance of R1 000 a month to live in their
own houses when Parliament is not in session, it was disclosed in Cape Town
this week. Members of Ministers’ Councils in the House of Assembly and the
House of Representatives say they do not get similar allowances. The pay-
ments have been criticised by members of the opposition Solidarity Party in
the House of Delegates. Rentals for comparable houses would be only R400

to R500 on the open market, they say. Members of Ministers' Councils are
paid about R70 000 a year in salaries and allowances. [Text] [Johannesburg
SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 17 Mar 85 p 1]

COLOURED FARMERS' ALLOCATION--House of Representatives--Not only was the
money allocated to Coloureds insufficient to make Coloured farmers competent
to compete with White farmers, but Coloureds still had to get permits to
buy farming land, Mr J.D. Krieger (LP Hantam) said. Speaking during the
resumption of the second reading debate on the Own Affairs Budget, Mr
Krieger said Coloured farmers were hamstrung in obtaining permits, they
had to first get the permission of Whites in the area. "We will be able

to contribute to rural areas that are becoming depopulated...but R7-million
is not enough to encourage Coloureds in agriculture." He called on the
Minister of Housing and Agriculture, Mr David Curry, to do everything
possible to get rid of the permit system and to expedite the implementa-
tion of all legislation that made property ownership for Coloured farmers
possible. [Excerpt] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Mar 85 p 4]

VETERAN SAAF WAR PILOT RETIRES--One
still serving with the South African
has retired after 45 years' service.

of the last Second World War pilots
Air Force, Commandant Pat Conway,

When Commandant Conway stopped flyi
ying
in 1982 at the age of 60, he was one of the most experienced maritime pilots

in the Air Force and was the survivor of five maj
jor flying accidents. t
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Mar 85 p 9] mes 8 Flext]

114



[Question] What answer should be given to the letter from the member appearing in
LE POLITICIEN?

[Answer] I believe that that article was not written by a member of the PDS. It
is a kind of fiction and I think journalists must be given the freedom to write
what they want.

[Question] And the accusations of "Xibaar"?

[Answer] Let us be consistent. I am speaking to you as secretary general of
the PDS and you ask me whether I have resigned.

[Question] As far as we know, you are not only accused of having resigned. Our
colleague rather accuses you of mismanagement, of do-nothingness, on the subject

of "Takusaan."

[Answer] "Xibaar" is remote-controlled; that is a known fact. A11 those
organs which make it a practice to attack me received money to do so. It is
sad, but it is the truth.

[Question] Those are serious accusations.

[Answer] The accusation is not serious at all. We have a company: the
Interafricaine d'Editions. Assume that that company receives 3 billion in
receipts and spends them. How does that affect an employee? It is not his
problem because no one stole money from anyone. Even better, it is false,

The figures of "Xibaar" are completely ridiculous. Charles Seck is even unaware
of the newspaper's real expenses. At most, when the newspaper was seized, the
books showed 7 million in receipts not recovered from newsagents in the interior
of Senegal. That money has not come in yet. "Xibaar" confuses the shareholder
which I am and the company that put out "Takusaan." It is not I who manage the
Interafricaine d'Editions, much less “Takusaan."

[Question] And the unexpended balances of which our colleague speaks?

[Answer] The "Takusaan" staff know that every month, I subsidized the newspaper
with my own money, using my personal checks. The books are there. Even better,
I am paying "Takusaan" debts to banks, amounting to several million, when
nothing other than a moral obligation requires me to do so. A company must not
be confused with its shareholders,

Furthermore, after an experiment of 1 year, "Takusaan" suspended its activities
in agreement with personnel and we are going to resume it, as we promised,
Since my return, I have talked with a number of former journalists on the subject.

[Question] Last, in boycotting the municipal and rural elections, did you not
help the PS?

[Answer] When one cannot prove one's representativeness through elections, one
does so through abstention, which is a way of voting. We proved that the PS has

50



they have not been paid for months." I was referring to soldiers returning from
Leban and who were demanding their discharge pay at the time. Obviously, I saw
that he had underlined passages, particularly those referring to Jean Collin.
Actually, in that article, I said, in short, that Collin is the super prime
minister who exercises the real duties of president of the republic.

You probably noticed that in the bulletin signed by Djibo Ka and published by the
APS and the AFP, mention is made of false rumors. But Djibo Ka does not say pre-
cisely what false news he is talking about. Actually, I defend the interests

of the soldiers, of the military. As a citizen first and next as a deputy, it
is my duty to defend the interests’ of everyone, without even asking anyone's
opinion. Just as this is a moral obligation, I have the right not to reveal

my sources of information.

As for the second article, it was written by a journalist who signed it in his
own name, independently of me and-who does -not even refer to me. In answer to
the commissioner's question "Have you read it?" I answered, "Naturally, I have
read it, just as I read everything written in French and English on Senegal."
He then asked me whether I was behind it. Answer: "That is not your business.
I am not required to answer that question." Another question: "What is your
opinion of the content of the article? Do you believe that the government is in
the street in Dakar as the author of the article maintains?" Answer: "My
evaluations of the Senegalese political situation are always the subject of
regular bulletins from my party, bulletins of which you always receive a copy.
Look at those documents."

To ask people their opinions is what one calls an inquisition, for no law re-
quires me to give my opinion about what T have read,

[Question] Beyond all those questions, what should one point out?

[Answer] Beyond all that, it is also true that I was called for the second

time at Collin's request. The first time was 10 April 1984 following the Thiare
meeting in Sine~Saloum, where I had denounced him. T had stated at that time
that he controlled real power in Senegal and that he was the real president of
the republic. It was on that basis that I attacked him. Actually, I do not
attack him because he is white, yellow or red. I am absolutely antiracist.
Racism would consist precisely in not denouncing Collin’ because he is white:

If my political analysis leads me to observe (I, who fight power) that power is
in Collin's hands, why would I not fight him?

[Question] You can prove that Collin governs without reigning?

[Answer] Proof? Why does he have me’ summoned when the republic has constitu-
tionally established three branches of government? Is there not a Judicial
Branch that is entrusted with the task of carrying out investigations of crimes
while the Legislative Branch passes laws and the Executive Branch has them
enforced? On what basis then, he who acts as state minister, can he have me
questioned over the ministers of interior and justice? What:gives him those
powers? That gentlemen must tell us where he gets powers enabling him, over
and above the judicial authority, to have me summoned and questioned. That

46



EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING APARTHEID 'STAGGERING'

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 16 Mar 85 p 3

[Article by Gerald Reilly]

[Text]

CSO:

3400/908

THE cost to the South Afri-
can taxpayer of the coun-
try’s vast apartheid bu-
reaucratic . machine
increased by a staggering
229% between 1978 and the
end of last year.

And, between December
1983 and December last
year the State’s salary bill
mushroomed by nearly
R1 000-million to
R3 737 572 000.

Soon after taking office
as Prime Minister in Sep-
tember 1978, Mr P.W Botha
promised a leaner and
more efficient public ser-
vice.

Observers say whether
the service has become
more efficient is an open
question, but certainly it
has grown progressively
fatter, and vastly more ex-
pensive in the past six

years.
The number of State de-
artments were slashed
irom more than 40 to 21 as
‘one of the moves to elimi-
nate overlapping and dupli-
cation and raise efficiency.
However, this failed to
slow down the dynamic in-
crease in personnel in de-
rtments.
In 1978, it cost the coun-
try Ri 136928000 to pay

75

301 889 Central Govern-
ment workers.

By last year the cost had
exploded by 229% to a mas-
sive R3 737 572 000.

And, by the end of 1984,
the number of Central Gov-
ernment employees had in-
creased by nearly 100 000 to
400 423 — and increase of

32,64%.

The biggest ‘single in-
crease in the salary bill was
in 1984.

It was geared to make
the service more competi-
tive with the private sector.

Towards the end of last
year it was announced that
salaries in the public ser-
vice would be frozen during
the 1985/86 financial year.

At the time, the Public
Servants’ Association ac-
cepted the freeze provided
it did not again mean an
opening of the gap between
pay in the service and the
private sector.

According to the Central
Statistical rice’s figures
“sundry statutory bodies”
employed 23 508 in Decem-
ber, 1978, and paid them
R113 592 000 for the year.

By 1984 there were 30 059
parastatal employees who
earned R427 922 000 in that
year. .

JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



BLACK APPOINTMENTS MARK HISTORIC STEP FORWARD

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Mar 85 p 9

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — The
appointment of three
Black community lead-
ers to the Co-ordinat-
ing Council, set up to
advise the Govern-
ment on new municipal
structures, has marked
the formal beginning
of Black inclusion in
decision-making at
local. government le-
vel.

“While on the one
hand the Government
will take — appropriate
steps against all elements
who promote violence
and lawlessness, it will
also continue taking posi-
tive steps to improve the
quality of life of the urban
population and to provide
participation in the politi-
cal process,” State Presi-
dent Mr P W Botha told
the Co-drdinating Coun-
cil for Local Government
yesterday.

Mr Botha announced
that the Government had
given official recognition
to the Urban Councils’

ssociation of South
(UCASA) as the
al mouthpiece of
Black local authorities in
South Africa.

Yesterday’s meeting of
the Co-ordinating Coun-
cil was the first to include
Black representatives.

‘The Black community
leaders appointed to the
council are Mr § Kgame
of Dobsonville, Mr Z B
Ndlazi of Mamelodi and
Mr M J Khumalo of
Meadowlands.

Mr Botha said the
special Cabinet commit:
tee dealing with Black
participation in decision-
making had recommend-
ed that Black local auth-
otities should be rep-
resented on the Co-ordi-
nating Council.

He praised those who
served as councillors in
Black local authorities for
making sacrifices for the
good in their people.
‘They did so in the face of
criticism, antagonism and
even harassment.

Stressing the urgent
need to establish regional

ices councils, Mr Bo-
that the necessary |
legislation would be intro-
dticed in Parliament after
the Easter recess.

Immediately after the
Bill was’ promulgated the
Government intended to
establish the first councils
in the major metropolitan
areas,

85

JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

At a subsequent Press
conference Mr Chris
Heunis, Minister of Con-
stitutional Development,
said the Administrators of
the four provinces had
been asked to identify
those areas of the country
where local authoritics
had failed to establish im-
proved communication
with local affairs commit-
tees and management
committees,

Answering questions,
Mr Heunis said the Co-
ordinating Council would
consider the _establish-
ment of municipal devel-
‘opment boatds, on which
all groups would be rep-
resented, in the major ur
ban areas of South Afri-
ca.

He told The. Citizen
that this would include
Johannesburg, Bloemfon-
tein, the Durban-Pine-
town complex, Port Eliza-
beth-Uitenhage complex
and Cape Town.

However, it. was also
thought necessary to es-
tablish development
boards in rural areas
where the demand for
better — communication
and for such structures
was perhaps even greater.



The administration of the proclamation will be handled by the Southwest
police.

Mr Wikkie van Rooyen, deputy director of the Trade and Tourism directorate,
said that he didn't expect tourism to the Southwest to be affected because
few people visit those areas,

8700
CSO: 3401/136

40



UCT PRINCIPAL CONCERNED OVER DAWN ARRESTS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Mar 85 p 17

[Text]

cso:

3400/874

CAPE TOWN. — The
fact that students were
being pursued on a charge
of allegedly holding an il-
legal meeting. while he
knew of no event at that
timc of the year which
was not peaceful or order-
ly “illustrates the degree-
to which citizens are de-
nied civil rights in South
Africa,” Dr Stuart Saund-
ers, vice-chancellor and
principal of the Universi-
ty of Cape Town said yes-
terday.

His statement follows
the recent dawn arrest of
students for allegedly
holding an illegal mecting
on the property of the
University of Cape Town.

Dr Saunders said infor-
mation about members of
the university is held by
the university under nor-
mai conditions of confi-
dence and trust.

“The university's policy
with regard to providing

110

information to a_ third
party, including State
authorities, was laid down
some years ago and was
reviewed in the middle of
1984. In terms of our poli-
cy the university will re-
lease the address of an in-
dividual if a warrant has
been issued for his arrest,
or if a summons or sub-
poena has been issued in

his or her name. The per-
-son concerned will also be

informed immediately by
the university.

“Students are being
pursued on a charge of al-
legedly holding an illegal
meeting on the property
of the University of Cape
Town. I-know of no event
at that time of the year
which was not peaceful or
orderly, and the fact that
a charge can be pressed in
the circumstances _illus-
trates the degree to which
citizens are denied civil
rights in South Africa,”
Dr Saunders said.

UPRS-SSA-85-03)
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

DISSIDENTS ABDUCT COUNCILLORS--The ZANU-PF secretary for finance, Comrade
Enos Nkala, has announced that a group of dissidents has abducted two
councillors in the Gwanda district. Comrade Nkala made this disclosure

when addressing a meeting in Nkalane about 60 km south of Gwanda yesterday.
He said that the two councillors, Comrade Gilbert Mlibe and Paulus Mazvureri,
were abducted for no reason other than that they supported ZANU-PF. Comrade
Nkala, who was accompanied by the party secretary for administration,
Comrade Maurice Nyagumbo, added that several people were also abducted

from the same district. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT
23 Mar 85]

CSO: 3400/869-F END

119



JPRS-SSA- 85-031

16 April 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS

Movement To Support Southern Africa Formed in Burundi
(PANA, 22 Mar 85) cecceecevecevcccecccccevcreeseesereseese

ANGOLA
Savimbi on UNITA Backing, Alliances, Prospects
(Jonas Savimbi Interview; TACESZEITUNG, 11 Feb 85)-....+.-
Cuban Troops Accused of Pogrom Against Christians
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 27 Mar 85) sseceeeevsceeees
BENIN
Visit of Soviet News Delegation Reported
(EHUZU, 13 Feb 85) cevececcscccccecvcccnccscecccccessseees
BOTSWANA
Briefs
Italian Aid to Refugees
BURKINA
Current Domestic, Political, Labor Problems Analyzed
(Ali Zerbo; SIDWAYA, 7 Mar 85) sssseaceeceeccvceeseeveees
GHANA

Economic Ties With Libya, Cuba Discussed
(Y. Salifu; TALKING DRUMS, No 25, 25 Mar 85) ..

Asantes Seen as Dilemma for Rawlings
(TALKING DRUMS, No 25,-25 Mar 85) see.

Briefs
Maritime Academy Graduates
Australia To Close Mission

10

1L

12

16

18

21


cso:

advancement for black workers ... and
international capital could back educa-
tional and development programmes”.

This view — that foreign investment has
a beneficial effect on reform and creates
jobs — has been endorsed by the more
conservative leaders of the national states,
and mayors and members of the various
town councils.

The leading black trade union leaders,
however, believe it is important that eco-
nomic and political pressure be main-
tained against the Government and say
that they have no illusions that big corpo-
rations are the standard-bearers of
change.

They believe black workers have suf-
fered extensively over the years and that it
would be a case of “crocodile tears” for
employers to use the welfare of their em-
ployees as an argument against disinvest-
ment.

The unions have not spoken out against
the disinvestment lobby, but nor have they
come out totally in favour of disinvest-
ment.

Their predicament was summarised by
a speaker at a panel discussion on disin-
vestment in Johannesburg this week, who
Pointed to the razor-sharp line dividing

eneficial pressure from the fact that the
sanctions movement develops a momen-
tum of its own and could lead to economic
chaos,

The Council of Unions of South Africa
(Cusa) has made a strong call for “selec-
tive” disinvestment ... . in effect, endorsing

the legislation before the United States

Congress. .
“Apartheid is a crime against humanity,

and the majority of people are racially

3400/908

103

oppressed. Under these circumstances we
would consider calling for total disinvest-
ment, but we don’t think this would work,”
said Mr Piroshaw Camay, general secre-
tary of Cusa.

According to Mr Camay, the freeze on
new investment would be a control mecha-
nism, to be maintained as long as apart-
heid remains in force, but with the incen-
tive that it be removed once apartheid is
eliminated.

He did not deny that foreign companies
had played a role in uplifting the welfare of
their employees and setting an example to
local companies, but said workers were
demanding fundamental change, not just
the dese; ‘gation of canteens and toilets
at their ‘ies.

“What we are demanding of companies
that stay in South Africa is that they get
pavoly in pressurising the Government

ito fundamental change.”

Mr Joe Foster, general secretary of the
Federation of South African Trade Unions
(Fosatu), said if he stood up in public and
called for disinvestment “our members at
Leyland would kill me”.

While Fosatu felt it was correct for
there to be pressure on the Government,
they were not convinced that disinvest-
ment would bring about the desired
change, ‘he said.

Fosatu believes that the credit for im-
rovements to wages and working condi-
tions should go to pressure from the black

unions and not to the foreign companies.

On the bottom line, the primary pressure
for change should be generated inside the
country.



COSTS OF PARLIAMENTARY ADDITIONS, RENOVATION REPORTED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 21 Mar 85 p 1

[Article by Chris Freimond]

[Text]

CSO:

“PARLIAMENT.

NEW buildings
and renovations
needed for the
new parliamen-
tary system have
saddled taxpayers
with a bill for
R53 732 000.

It includes
R3 350 000 to refurbish
Tuynhuys, the new
Cape Town headquar-
ters of the State Presi-
dent, Mr P W Botha.

Tronically, it was at
Tuynhuys last month that
Mr Botha gave details toa
Press conference of cuts
in civil service bonuses
and other austerity mea-
sures aimed at curbing
Government spending.

Details of the costs of
new buildings and renova-
tions were disclosed in Par-
Jiament over the past three
weeks by the Minister of
Public Works, Dr Lapa
Munnik, in reply to ques-
tions by opposition MPs.

They included:

+ R23 000 000 for extensions

Parliament to accommo-
date MPs, officials, com-
mittee rooms and new de-
bating chambers;

* R10 376 000 for an under-
round parking garage
pped by a ceremonial

3400/908

: geraen on Stalplein outsiae
Uys:

lynhuys;
+ R8 926 000 for houses for
coloured and Indian MPs
and for members of the
Indian Minister’s Council;
oht 580 O00 for Alterations

‘structural changes to

Marks Building, acrues the
road from Parliament,
which houses the (Indian)
House of Delegates, mem-
bers of the Indian Minis-
ter’s Council, MPs and offi-
clals; and
+ R3 700 000 for renovations
to the building housing the
new debating chamber and
offices for the President's
Council.

‘rhe R3 350 000 for Tuyn-
huys included R750 000 for
“essential security installa-
tions” and R500 000 for the
enlargement of a banquet-

ing hall.

it is understood that five
new ministerial houses are
being built in Cape Town
for members of the
coloured Minister's Coun-
cil.

It has also been reported
that renovations at the
Union Buildings in Pretoria
have cost R11-million.

Other costs related to the
new constitutional system
include luxury motor cars
for 10 additional Ministers
and Deputy Ministers for
the three racially separate
chambers, plus personal
staff for the Ministers.

Dr Willie Snyman, the
Conservative Party MP for

63

JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

; Party's s)

Pietersburg who ques-
tioned Dr Munnik on the
costs last month, said: “In
the light of the current eco-
nomic stringency, 1 find it
outrageous that the Gov-
ernment proceeds with this
unnecessary expenditure.
“Another R11-million be-
ing spent on the Union
Buildings, only adds insult

The sive Federal
esman on Pub-
lic Works, Mr Graham
Mcintosh, said that al-
though facilities in and
around Parliament needed
some money spent on them,
it was “a public disgrace”
that so much money was
being wasted on separate
and apparently equal facili-
ties, houses, expensive
chauffeur-driven imported
motor cars and other fringe
benefits for Ministers,
President's Councillors and

“This cost is nothing
more nor less than the cost,
of apartheid, he said.”

The PFP MP for
Houghton, Mrs Helen Suz-
man, who questioned Dr
Munnik on the refurbishing
of Tuynhuys, said the cost
seemed to be out of place in
the current economic cli-

ate.

“T think the taxpayers of
South Africa should take
careful note of the extrava-
gant way in which their
money is being spent,” she
said.



15 parties and then stifle them, not allow them to speak, to live, to exist.

The political reality shows that there is no democracy in Senegal. And I maintain
that elections as in Nicaragua (I am measuring my words), Gabon or the Ivory
Coast are more democratic than in Senegal.

[Question] Some say that you went to France to negotiate power in Senegal.

[Answer] With whom? No, I did not. negotiate power and it is a mistake to say
so. It is not up to me to bargain over power. Nor do I have to seek power from
France. Power is gained from the Senegalese people. Furthermore, Djibo Ka

said that that did not hold water. And yet, I believe that the work of informa-
tion and political contacts abroad is important. Nevertheless, I had no contact,
either direct or indirect, with the French Socialist Party or with the French
Government. On the other hand, we held working meetings in France with our
political friends from the MRG (Radical Leftist Movement), for the group begun
by Mendes France more or less corresponds to our political bent. Naturally, the
MRG is part of the government coalition, but we had no contact with the French
Government.

[Question] Not even through the MRG?
[Answer] No. Contacts were between parties.

[Question] By quoting Djibo Ka as a reference after condemning his "intellec-
tual dishonesty," do you not destroy the credibility of your answer?

[Answer] By nature, I avoid global condemnations. I will give you the tape

of Djibo Ka's statement. For example, when he says that the PDS asked that

the police forces on the day of the elections be made available to the political
parties, that is a monstrous lie because he can exhibite no document proving it,
while we can show our memorandum on the Electoral Code dating from 1981. Never-
theless, when, in answer to a question from Essomba de "Bingo" asking whether

I was not in the process of negotiating power in France, he answered that he did
not think so, he was telling the truth. In one and the same speech, there can
be both lies and the truth.

[Question] When Mr Wade is absent, the PDS loses speed.

[Answer] Not at all. The proof is that I have found my party strengthened.
It has always published the bulletins on its work. When I am in France, I

am in daily contact with the officials. It is obvious that when the secretary
general is present, all activity concentrates around Dakar. But this does not
mean that the PDS was not active during my absence. For example, there was a
regional council of PDS women for the region of Thies in Mbour in January 1985
and a big meeting in Bignona, the city that was our weak spot in Casamance.
Those demonstrations were very popular and had great success.

[Question] What do you think of the League of Black States and the Arab
counteroffensive?

[Answer] I admit that that problem found me in Europe and I do not yet have

enough information on which to judge. The party has not examined it, as far as
I know.

49



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ALL RACE GROUPS TO BENEFIT FROM INCREASE IN SOCIAL PENSIONS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 Mar 85 p 4

[Text] Parliament--Coloured and Indian Ministers had an uphill battle in
getting the Government to pay an equal R14 increase in social pensions to
all race groups, the Indian Minister of the Budget, Mr Boeti Abramjee, said
in the House of Delegates.

Mr Abramjee said the Government originally wanted the increases to be
R18 for whites, R1O for Coloureds and Indians and R8 for blacks.

cso:

At one stage a deadlock
was reached and the Indian

;. ‘The Government, he said,

originally wanted to pay

and (coloured Ministers fad ibe hed ore of Rae to whites,

ow R26 to coloureds and Indians
threatening to have nothing and R18 to blacks.

to do with the payment of
pensions unless the Govern-
ment changed its mind.

He said that for the first
time in the history of South
Africa, the Government had
finally agreed to pay an
equal social pension in-
crease to all race groups.

In terms of the new in-
creases, white social pen-
sioners will now receive
R180 a month, coloured and
Indian pensioners R117 and
black pensioners R79.

Mr Abrainjee said col-
oured and Indian Ministers
had also fought successfully
to get a R36 bonus paid to
pensioners of all race
groups in May this year.

This was being done to as-
sist social pensioners in the
present economic climate.

3400/888

98

Mr Abramjee and the col-

‘oured Minister of the Bud-
‘get, the Rev Andrew Julies,
announced that:

@ Maintenance and family
allowances were to be in-
creased by R3 from R27 to
R30 a child a month.

@ Maintenance allowances
payable to people kept in
‘single care or in licensed in-
stitutions were to be in-
creased by R14 from R103 to
R117 a month.

@ Foster parents’ allow-
ances were to be increased
by R8 a month from R77,50
to R85,50.

@ Attendants’ allowances
were to be increased by R6
a month from R12 to R18.

Similar announcements

were made in the House of
Assembly.



The arrival en masse of foreigners began several decades ago. The
immigrant tide was encouraged by the colonial government's decision
to develop the forested South. The introduction and development of
export crops in the southern part of the country required abundant
manpower, which was "imported" from neighboring countries, mainly
from Burkina Faso. In addition to laborers needed on the plane
tations, building the railroad and the beginnings of the highway
system also called for strong arms that were not always to be found
where the work was. «With the introduction of forced labor large
numbers of foreign workers were herded into Ivory Coast, sometimes
against their will. Later, it was the country's swift growth that
was to exercise the strongest, almost irresistible pull on the peo-
ples of neighboring states.

In 1965, foreigners accounted for 17.5 percent of the Ivory Coast
population. That rate rose to 22 percent in 1975 (26 percent of
the working population), and again to 27 percent in 1983. In other
words, more than one in four inhabitants of Ivory Coast is alien.
About half the population of Abidjan (which had 2 million citizens
in 1983) is foreign-born. And yet, in 1975 foreigners accounted
for only a third of the capital's population. The likely shape of
things by the year 2,000 is not an enticing prospect.

Etienne Ahonzo, Bernard Barrere, and Pierre Kopylov, experts at the
Statistics Directorate, recently published a study setting forth
three.. of the more likely hypotheses. The first is more political
because it purposely underestimates the size of the foreign-born
population in the year 2000: 17 million inhabitants, more than

6 million of whom are foreign-born. The second scenario calls for
a population of 18 million, of whom 6.5 million are foreigners.

The third, and soundest, hypothesis, the authors tell us, predicts
that Ivory Coast's population will top 20 million, 8.5 million of
whom will be foreigners.

All these data shift at the start of the year 2010. The third hy-
pothesis predicts, for that date, more foreign-born than native
citizens of Ivory Coast: a population estimated at 32,956,000 of
whom 16,267,000 are native-born Ivory Coast citizens and 16,658, 000
are foreign-born.To that variant they applied a mean growth-rate

of 4.8 percent, whereas the least reliable is based on a rate of

3-9 percent.

Even with stricter immigration policies, it is impossible to drop
below the second hypothesis for the year 2010. That means, in
real terms, that, of a total population of 27,733,000 inhabitants,
there will be 11,505,000 foreigners as against 16,267,000 natives.
As one can well imagine, there is no way to prevent the country's
becoming a melting-pot in the very heart of West Africa.

Of course, these projections hold only if Ivory Coast remains an eco-

nomically sound country and continues to enjoy political stability
and favorable climatic conditions.

23



demonstrators in order to make it easy
for the delegation to seek refuge in a
waiting helicopter.

A special task force was set to
monitor Asante under the co-
ordination of Mr Ben Fordjoe, Chief
of Internal Security, with the active
collaboration of Mr P. V. Obeng, the
Co-ordinating Secretary, and W. O.
Adjei Boadi, then a member of the
PNDC. Kojo Tsikata hand-picked his
political associate, Mr F. A. Jantuah
(now Secretary for Local Government)
to be the Regional Sécretary in a
desperate attempt to stem the tide of
Asante opposition to the regime.

Secret trips were made to the court
of the Asantehene by the Chairman of
the PNDC, Fit Lt Jeremiah Rawlings.
Jantuah confidently set himself the
task of revamping the’ ‘Defence
Committee secretariats
Regional and District Admin
with considerable resistance from the
now coalesced rank and file. Could he
change the hearts of his kinsfolks?

Meanwhile, Rawlings employed his
connubial ties with the Asante Stool to
keep the Asantehene in-his fold despite
an estrangement between them in 1979,

It is alleged that Rawlings’ prevailing
influence’ on the Asantehéene ‘has
disconcerted some members. of the
Asanteman Council. The most wily
amongst these malcontents were
Paramount...Chiefs, Nana Kwantwi
Barima II,.the Adansihene and Nana
Amaniampong, the Mamponghene.
The Mamponghene is said to be a
relation of Lt Gen A. A. Afrifa,
former Head of State, who was
executed by Rawlings’ junta together
with others in 1979.

It is alleged that these two powerful
Paramount. Chiefs fanned destoolment
sentiments against the Asantehence. It,
therefore, came as no surprise when in
July, 1984, the Adansihene, Nana
Kwantwi Barima II, was officially
destooled by the Asanteman Council
upon confirmation by an Accra High
Court.

In February of this year, the
destooled Adansihene and five
divisional chiefs in the Adansi
Traditional Area were prosecuted
before a Public Tribunal in Kumasi by
Chief Inspector Elizabeth Adzoho on
charges of illegal collection of stool
land revenue and conspiracy to steal
and stealing. They pleaded not guilty
and were granted bail.

19

All is not well with the
Mamponghene, Nana Atokora
Amaniampong, either. He is also
facing destoolment charges in the
courts. Interestingly, amongst the
plaintiff’s lawyers is Mr Kofi Sackey,
the husband of the Chief of Castle
Information Bureau, Mrs Valerie
Sackey, a British national. Mrs Sackey
exercises effective contro] and
direction of the Press in Ghana.

Effective opposition to the Rawlings
regime in Asante had for the time being
been stalmated. Rawlings’ periodic
visits to the court of the Asantehene
had become an open secret. And it is
said that the Asantehene refers to
Rawlings as his son despite the fact
that the Asantehene’s daughter is
married to a close financial associate of
the late Afrifa.

Now, what has stirred the settled
dust of opposition in Asante is what is
reported to have happened in Kumasi
between January 3! and February 2 of
this year. An assassination plot on the
life of Rawlings was nipped in the bud
by the intelligence machinery. This
time, the Head of State had to skip a
planned schedule and hop from. a
helicopter to a waiting plane and
finally slip to the safer sanctuary of the
Castle in Accra. The Asantehene
immediately distanced himself and the
Asante people from the alleged plotters
and condemned the act and in his own
words said that ‘‘had the evil designs of
the dissidents succeeded, it would have
been a disgrace for the people of
Asante.””

The leader of the plotters is said to
be Alhaji Mohammed Abbas, former
Asante Regional Organiser of the
ruling party deposed by Rawlings on
New Year’s eve, 1981. Alhaji Abbas,
who is now a wanted man, was a
member of the Planning Committee
for festivities marking the Golden
Jubilee of the restoration of the Asante
Confederacy which invited Rawlings to
Kumasi to attend a commemorative
durbar. |

Lending their own interpretations to
the sentiments of the Asantehene, the
people of Asante are whispering that it
was Kojo Tsikata who devised the
plot. The reason being that Kojo
Tsikata is dissatisfied with Rawlings’
strength in Kumasi and also with the
fact that Rawlings’ trusted body
guards are mostly Akan-speaking.



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EFFECTS OF DISINVESTMENT ON BLACKS WEIGHED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 22 Mar 85 p 9

[Article by Phillip Van Niekerk:

[Text]

BLACK South Africans have be-
come a political football in the heat-
ed debate over disinvestment engen-
dered by pending anti-South African
legislation in the United States Con-
gress.

The'key arguments on either side hinge
on the effects economic sanctions will have
on blacks: one side says it will hasten the
end of apartheid; the other that it will
create greater unemployment and starva-
tion‘among blacks.

The dilemma of those who have not yet
made up their minds was summarised by
Bishop John Walker, the Episcopal Bishop
of Washington, DC, who viewed the work-
ings of apartheid first hand during a recent
visit to South Africa.

Although he is a black man and although
he shook with anger after seeing the squat-
ter camps and urban ghettos within a few
hours’ driving distance of Johannesburg's
Carlton Hotel, Bishop Walker is not yet an
advocate of total disinvestment.

“It would be premature for me to call
for total disinvestment until the black peo-
ple a South Africa have made up their

ds and agreed on a unified stance on
the issue,” he said.

Bishop Walker put his finger on the crux
of the : what do blacks think, how
much will the: Suffer and is. it a matter of
making sacrifices for the higher goal of
“liberation”? Hgher goal o
* For this reason, Chief Gatsha Buthelezi’s
recent tour of the United States was prob-
ably the most important card that the anti-
disinvestment lol by could play in the pro-
P°find the demand by Bish

al y Bishop Desmond
Tutu, Bishop of Johannesburg, that the
country dismantle apartheid in 18 to 24
months or he would advocate punitive eco-
nomic sanctions was made to an attentive
world audience, 6

102

"Racial Dilemma of Disinvestment"]

in the black community, among political
and trade union groupings, there are diver-
gent approaches to disinvestment ... but
the debate has been stifled by security
legislation,

‘he widely-framed section 54 of the In-
ternal Security Act is thought to make it a
criminal offence to advocate disinvest-
ment.

The most unequivocal pro-disinvest-
ment stand is that of the African National
Congress (ANC), which holds that forei
investment can only contribute to the
strengthening of the “apartheid regime”.

he ANC sees the call for disinvestment
as both a tactical lever as well as a moral
issue. They believe the removal of foreign
investment will leave the Government un-
doubtedly weakened. “Coupled with mass
political struggle and armed action, the
downfall of the regime will be hastened
that much.” .

‘The ANC holds that its call for disinvest-
ment is a moral question, in that foreign
investors in South Africa are making huge

rofits from an “immoral system that has

n internationally condemned”.

A number of internal political leaders,
such as Dr Nthatho Motlana, of the Soweto
Civic Association, have said that foreign
investment creates stability, and that
there is likely to be less change when the
system is stabilised.

On the opposite end of the spectrum,
Chief Buthelezi argues that the withdrawal
of investments in South Africa by United
States companies would be a strategy
against black interests and not a “punitive
stick” with which to beat apartheid.

He said in the United States that for
large American companies to opt out of
the South African situation was to opt out
of being catalysts in the process of change.

“It is the large corporations which have
broken apartheid barriers, leading to real



MOI CALLS FOR INTENSIFICATION OF WAR AGAINST CRIME

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 2 Mar 85 pp 1, 16

[Article by Job Githinji]

[Text]

PRESIDENT Daniel
arap Moi yesterday
urged the police to in-
tensify the fight
against crime.

The President further’

praised the Commissioner

of Police, Mr. Bernard

Njiinu, and the entire

: police force for their good

work in combating crime
and other acts of
lawlessness in the country
adding that he was satisfied

_ with their work. .

President Moi who is also
the commander-in-chief of the
armed forces said the police
force needed dedicated of-

_ficers ready to resist any form
* of temptation.

_The President was of-
ficiating at a passing-out
parade of 926 recruits at the
Kiganjo Police Training
College. not

Expressing his satisfaction
with the police force for com-
bating a recent crime wave in
the country, President Moi
said the fight will continue un-
til the end.

He told the recruits who in-
cluded 117 women to closely
follow their professional ethics
in executing their. duties in
areas where they have been
deployed.

31

The President further urg-
ed the recruits to resist temp-
tations of bribery and tg try to
excel in their duties of guar-
ding the wananchi against
vcriminals.

; He noted that their work

‘was noble adding, “go ahead
‘and excel in your duties as you
have excelled as I observe to-
day after months of vigorous
training.” :
"President ‘Moi announced
that the government would
‘change the police uniform to
make it more distinct so.that
the members of the: public
could easily identify them.

_ On their welfare, the Presi-
dent said the government had
embarked on construction of
good houses for police officers
in Embu. Other areas, he said,
‘will also be catered for.

‘Fhe President directed the
commissioner of police to add
more policewomen in the traf-
fic section. .

President Moi thanked
wananchi for co-operating
-with the police by volunteer-
ing information which led to
the arrest of cri 5

He said this eration
“was important in helping to
apprehend criminals and en-
sure a peaceful and stable

nation. .
The President emphasised
that without peace, love and

JPRS-SSA~85-031
16 April 1985

KENYA



UPRS-SSA-65-021
16 April 1985

political upheaval." Examining the outlook to 1990, he said the shortage of
skilled workers and managers would have a negative impact on growth. There i
seemed to be a lot of crisis management of the economy, resulting in confu- |
sion and gloom. He urged long-term llanning. SA would have to come to terms
with the fact that it could no longer depend on gold. The public sector
would have to curb its share of the economy "quite drastically," he added.--
Reuter [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 18 Mar 85 p 4]

PWV GROWTH--The relative share of the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vaal Triangle
area in South Africa's gross geographic product (GGP) has tended to stagnate,
according to data from the Central Statistical Services. The relative share
of the Cape Peninsula and adjacent districts, the Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage
region, East London and its environs and the Durban-Pinetown area have shown
a tendency to decline. However, the rest of the country has shown relatively
sharp growth, from 30,9 percent of the national total in 1972 to 34,6 percent
in 1978, The latest Volkskas Economic Spotlight which deals with the figures,
says that although the information is relatively outdated, it is still useful
in that it reflects underlying trends. "These trends change only gradually
and are, therefore, still valid for comparative purposes." Provincial
contributions to gross product between 1972 and 1978 showed the following
rises: Cape--from R3 654 million to R8 285 million; Natal--from R2 024 mil-
lion to R4 683 million; OFS--From R1 145 million to R3 023 million;
Transvaal--from R7 255 million to R18 948 million. Gross product for the
country as a whole rose from R14 078 million in 1972 to R34 939 million in
1978. Volkskas cautions that since the gold price rose sharply between

1972 and 1978, there was a sharp increase in GGP in gold-mining areas.

"This also applies to the figures for the various provinces, and this is one
reason why the shares of the Transvaal and the OFS in the total GGP increased
further," [Text] [Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 17 Mar 85 p 1]

ARGUS DEFEATS SAAN--The Argus company has now succeeded in its campaign to
destroy two SAAN newspapers which stood in its way. It invaded Saturday
morning markets of the Rand Daily Mail and the Mercury in Natal. It used
its immense financial resources to capture the property advertising that
sustained the Sunday Express, and it conducted a similar raid on the property
advertising of the Cape Times. When the Sunday Express was relaunched as a
quality newspaper, the Sunday Star was immediately launched to cripple it.
All this is legitimate commercial competition, and the Argus company is to
be congratulated on its success. That's what makes it so strange that
sentor Argus people are wailing with dismay and covering their heads with
ashes because they have succeeded in killing the newspapers they set out to
kill, [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 17 Mar 85 p 8]

NIP MANIFESTO--Maseru--Lesotho needs to establish diplomatic relations with
South Africa because of the large number of Basotho workers employed in the
Republic, the newly established National Independent Party says in its
manifesto published here. The party under the leadership of Mr Anthony
Manyeli, a former Cabinet Minister, says it also wants to work towards the
termination of existing ties between Lesotho and Communist countries. The
manifesto said there was a need for the establishment of diplomatic relations
between Lesotho and South Africa to ensure that the welfare of Basotho

112



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY DISCUSSES UPCOMING JUDICIAL INQUIRY
MB261742 Johannesburg International Service in English 1500 GMT 26 Mar 85
[Station commentary: "The Enquiry Into the Uitenhage Violence"]

[Text] It is not surprising after a tragic event such as last week's violence
at Uitenhage, in which 19 people were killed, that there should be different
points of view on what actually happened. It is for this reason that the
state president, Mr P.W. Botha, has appointed a judicial commission of
inquiry into the matter. The bandying about of different versions and
accusations and counter accusations cannot serve any useful purpose,

and can be settled only by a proper investigation of the facts.

Following the event last Thursday, the minister of law and order, Mr Louis.
le Grange, told parliament in Cape Town that police had been forced to open
fire when a crowd of more than 3,000 blacks marching toward Uitenhage had
refused an order to disperse, ignored warning shots, and then surrounded
the police and pelted them with stones and petrol bombs.

The following day, six members of the opposition party in the House of
Assembly visited Uitenhage and conducted their own enquiry into the matter.
From their information the members of Parliament allege, amont other things,
that the marchers had been peaceful and that there was no evidence of them
having carried stones or petrol bombs. Allegations will be thoroughly
investigated by the judicial commission of inquiry chaired by Mr Justice
Donald Kannemeyer.

Hearings are to start tomorrow in the Uitenhage Magistrate's Court.

Judge Kannemeyer told newsmen he interpreted his instruction to mean

that he was to investigate the reasons which led to the confrontations

and to the deaths of some of the marchers. Stressing that he was to submit
his report as a matter of urgency, he said that allegations and counter
allegations had been made about a matter of the greatest national importance
and concern. He intended to do all in his power to complete his report
with the least possible delay.

South Africa's proud history of judicial impartiality ensures that Judge
Kannemeyer's report will be freely and widely published giving the true facts
of the matter.

CSO: 3400/869-F
55



ITALIAN OIL FIRM INCREASES INVESTMENT

JPRS-SSA-85-03)
16 April 1985

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 17 Mar 85 p 9

[Article by Don Robertson]

[Text]

cso

3400/908

AGIP, the of] company
owned by the Italian Gov-
ernment, has raised its in-
vestment in South Africa by
Ri-million ‘and will_soon
launch a motor oil and car-
care products.

Managing director Lu-
ciano Alberti says relations
between SA and Italy have
improved after an exchange
of visits by government offi-
clals of the two nations,

Until this development,

erated on a low key
ee and concentrated on
supplying lubricants to the
genera! engineering and
mining sectors.

“Now that the position has
changed, we are here offi-
cially and are looking to in-
crease our share of the mar-
ket,” says Dr Alberti.

Synthetic

The new Sint 2000 motor
oil, used by the Ferrari For-
mula One racing team, will
soon be available in SA. It is
‘a synthetic lubricant and is
blended in South Africa
from imported base oils and
SA-made additives.

Sint 2.000 operates in the
10W/50 range and the com-
pany claims it exceeds all
car manufacturers’ per-
formance requirements in

109

terms of oil change and oxi-
dation stability.

Although conceding that it
will be difficult to break into
the market, Dr Alberti hopes
to gain a 5% share in three
years.

‘Emphasis will be placed
‘on customer service and rep-
resentatives have been
trained in Italy to give them
a background on the product.

The company is the
largest petroleum research
and development laboratory
in Europe — and a history of
innovative technological de-
velopment.

Network

Dr Alberti says: “We have
tried to negotiate the open-
ing of filling stations, but
this has been impossible be-
cause of regulations to re-
strict the number of ga-
rages.”

‘The car-care products in-
clude exterior protection
and treatment items as well
as cleaners, aerosol tyre in-
flaters and emergency start-
er packs.

An agreement bas been
concluded with Alfe Romeo
and Inter City Motor Spares
to provide a network of
agents and distributors.

SOUTH AFRICA



cs:

“Mr Louis le Grange (the Minister of
Law and Order) seems to be oblivious
to the impact that his words and ac-
tions have on outside attitudes to South
Africa.”

An influential foreign affairs ana-
lyst who asked not to be identified, sug-
gested that South Africa’s greatest lia-
bility in the disinvestment campaign
was Mr le Grange and his department
which seemed to be more hawkish than

the rest of the government.

It was the arrests of United Demo
cratic Front leaders and the killing of
18 people at Crossroads that gave new

‘impetus to the disinvestment. cam-
paign, he pointed out.

Professor John Barratt, Director
General of the SA Institute of Interna-

itional Affairs, said the actions of non-
‘government agencies showed South

Africa was not a monolithic country as
was perceived overseas.

He said the issue “out front” was
human rights and the rule of law. South
Africa could not escape reports that,
for example, there were more than
163 000 pass arrests last year, he said.

3400/890

73



The immigrant labor force is essential to the workings of the
Ivorian economy, both in its quantitative aspect +- it constitutes
a full quarter of the working population -- and at the qualita-
tive level, since it, almost alone, keeps some sectors going.

Foreign participation in economic activity is much higher than that
of nationals in the urban areas: although it constitutes only 33.9
percent of the population, its people hold 43.5 percent of the city
jobs. Out in the country districts, the equilibrium shifts to

16.4 percent and 19.1 percent. Of course, sex and age have a lot
to do with these disparities between Ivorians and foreigners.

While the immigrant men hold more jobs than do Ivorians, the picture
among women is almost the reverse. Almost all foreign resident
males .old enough to’ work (85.4 percent of men aged 6 years or over)
are in the labor market, which is not the case for Ivorian men
(64.6 percent).

Netive-born Ivorians hold absolute predominance in two sectors:
first, the primary productive activities, where they probably hold a
preponderant', place in the traditional forms of agriculture (family
farm)rather than the modern patterns of farming (as wage-earning
workers for agribusiness). Then come the new activities that are
not directly productive, but which stem directly from economic
growth: they hold the second-level jobs in the administrative ranks. -
They also hold the majority if not the totality of jobs in the pro-
fessions requiring high-level skills or not. We cannot say that
Ivorians today do not hold most of the best-paying jobs. The only
foreigners with. whom they have any dealings in the public sector

are the French technical assistance experts.

Lebanese

French involvement in the Ivorian economy is heavy. One might even
say very heavy. France holds 31.6 percent of the Ivorian market,
and ranks among the foremost of Ivory Coast's major suppliers. It
overwhelms all its European partners and generally makes life hard
for them, having taken over all the economic nerve-centers of the
Ivorian market to the point of thoroughly disconcerting Germans,
Canadians, Italians and Americans alike. And even the Japanese

who, despite their breakthrough in automobiles and electronics, have
not succeeded in capturing the entire national market in the face.)
of the solidly rooted French presence.

At the industry level, among others, the French claim the lionts
share. In 1982-1983, the French companies for the first time shat-
tered the Trillion-franc turnover barrier. All the major construc—
tion contracts in Ivory Coast have gone to French companies, which
invariably seem to find some way to walk off with the top prize in
response to each "call for bids." They pounce on every really big
project.

25



BLACK RESETTLEMENT FIGURES

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 6 Mar 85 p 4

[Text]

cso:

3400/877

NEARLY 23 000 black
eople were resettled
last year in South Africa,

the Minister of Co-opera-.

tion and Development.

Dr Gerrit Viljoen, said

this week.

Dr Viljoen said 11 455
black people in the Cape
had been resettled, 126 in
Natal, 7 398 in the Orange
Free State and 3957 in

the Transvaal.

He also revealed that
1078 people living in two
“black spots” in the Dis-
trict of Ventersdorp were
resettled last year at
Pachsdraai which is to be
incorporated into Bo-
phuthatswana.

Dr Viljoen gave this in-
formation in reply to PFP
questions in the House.

He told Mr Ray Swart

(PFP Berea) that 22936
black people had been re-
settled in the four prov-
inces.

In the Cape, they in-
cluded people who had
been resettled in the Cis-
kei’ and Bophuthatswana
as well as people who had
been moved from Port
Elizabeth to Motherwell
and from Crossroads to
Khayelitsha.

In Natal, people were
moved from seven differ-
ent areas into Kwazulu
and the Bulwer district.

In the Orange Free
State, people had been
moved to new residential

91

areas in Bothaville and

« Kroonstad, while in two

cases, people had been
moved to Botshabelo.
which is also known as
Onverwacht, from Allan-

ridge and Luckhoff.

In the Transvaal,
people were resettled
into Venda, Kwandabele.
Kangwane, Lebowa, Ga-
zankulu and Bophuthats-
wana.

People had also been
resettled from Germis-
ton, Soweto and Springs
into the Transkei, from

, Springs into the Ciskei,
:and from Germiston,

” Brakpan, Heidelburg and

Soweto into KwaZulu.

He told Mr Swart and
Mr Graham McIntosh
(PFP Pietermaritzbury
North) that 1078 people
at Swartrand and Hart-
beeslaagte in the Ven-
tersdorp district had
been resettled last year
at Pachsdraai.

These people had been
paid RI 222 942 compen-

sation in 1983 and 1984, A
further R5 690 639 had
been spent on transport
and development costs
during the two years, Dr
Viljoen said.

- Dr Viljoen also told Mr
Peter Soal (PFP Johan-
nesburg North) that the
people at Motlatla had
agreed to move as soon as
800ha in compensatory
land had been obtained.

JPRS-SSA~85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



[Question] And how does UNITA get its weapons?

[Answer] There are weapons all over the place. For more sophisticated mate-
rial there is the Middle East. The crucial traders are the Lebanese, who have
been scattered all over Europe following the war in Lebanon.

[Question] But I've also seen material from Portugal. Is UNITA also procuring
weapons over there also?

[Answer] But, that is so simple! The Portuguese have sold so much after the
end of the war in Africa! I don't discount the possibility that the people
of the "Revolutionary Council" at that time had sold the material abroad
themselves.

[Question] But you buy directly from Portugal?
[Answer] No, not that!
UNITA's Angola

[Question] Is it not a paradox, when UNITA calls itself a "liberation move-
ment" and maintains relations with dictatorial regimes such as that of the
former Shah, for example?

[Answer] I know that we are not the only ones! Morocco, for example, has
also helped the MPLA very much. It was just in 1977/78 that that changed.
And the MPLA had also had the best relationship with the Argentinian military!

[Question] UNITA was inspired by Communist guerillas like the Chinese and
the Vietnamese, but is fighting a regime that is governed by Communists.
Isn't there a very strong contradiciton here?

[Answer] There are great contradictions between us. Even before 1974 this
had been the case. The MPLA was and is supported by Moscow; we were supported
by the Chinese. Our point of departure is that, now as in the future, the
farmer should play the most important role. First, we must solve the food
problem that it truely a strategic issue. In Africa today, it is an issue

of feeding its people, not an issue of industrialization. Too many are dying
daily of hunger. And the future solution to this issue is dependent on our
understanding of the mentality of the farmers today. In spite of his back-
wards mentality, the farmer is a self-sufficient provider, different from the
worker. That is quite a different philosophy of Angolan society than that of
the MPLA, and this difference is fundamental!

[Question] What kind of political idealogy does UNITA actually represent?

[Answer] What I am now speaking to you about. The political concepts of
Europe mean nothing to us.

[Question] Does UNITA consider itself a party or a front?



OPRS~SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CHURCH BODY CALLS FOR END TO APARTHEID
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 Mar 85 p 13

[Text]

UMTATA. — The
Transkei Council of
Churches has called on
the South African State
President, Mr P W Botha,
and the Government, to
dismantle apartheid “as a
matter of urgency”.

In an open letter to Mr
Botha, approved in a
resolution at the council’s
annual general meeting in
Umtata this week, Mr
Botha was asked: “How
many people should die
before the State President
and his Government rea-
lise the folly of apartheid?

“We call on the State
President and his Govern-
ment to abandon all su-
per-imposed _apartheid-
dictated solutions to the
country’s problems, and
to involve authentic —not
Government-chosen —
leaders of the Blacks in
the search for peace, jus-
tice and freedom for our
country,” the letter said.

It also criticised the
manner in which the
South African Govern-
ment handled the Uiten-
hage’ unrest and other
similar situations and the
manner in which US
President Reagan com-
mented on the Uitenhage
incident. .

“The manner - clearly
demonstrates the commit-
ment of the State to the
defence of the indefen-
sible and abhorrent sys-
tem of apartheid which is
the direct cause of all the
anger, frustration and
violence in our socicty,”
it said.

“The annual general
meeting was equally
shocked to learn the atti-
tude of the President of
the United States, Mr Ro-
nald Reagan, as revealed
in his reported statements
which condones the bru-
tal killing of defenceless
people.” — Sapa.



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER OF LAW AND ORDER DISCUSSES REPRESSION
Hamburg DER SPIEGEL in German 25 Feb 85 pp 112-113

[Interview with South African Minister Louis Le Grange; date and place
not indicated]

[Text] Louis Le Grange, South Africa's "Minister for Law
and Order, has been head of the police forces for almost

6 years. The 56-year-old giant, a member of the State
Security Council, is one of the most powerful men on the
Cape. Le Grange is responsible for arrests according to
the security laws. He is considered a firebrand who time
and again counters timid moves toward reform. White South
Africans call the longtime champion of target shooting and
successful rugby player "our Clark Gable."

[Text] [Question] Mr Minister, you hold South Africa's most unpopular
government office. You decide on arrests, for instance, on the basis of the
security laws. How many people did you have arrested last year?

[Answer] I hold a difficult office, but that does not worry me. As to
arrests, one must distinguish between several sections of the law for internal
security. Section 29, for example, makes possible arrests for interrogation,
section 28 a type of internment. Last year, about 300 people were arrested
under the provisions of the law.

[Question] In the countries of Ciskei, Venda, and Transkei, not recognized
internationally, an additional 663 people are supposed to have been arrested.

[Answer] We have nothing to do with arrests there.

[Question] The world does not buy that. And even the conservative
governments in Washington and Bonn criticize your many arrests.

[Answer] The arrested people have only to tell us what they know about
offenses against state security. We need these preventive measures in order
to maintain our internal security. Countries of the Western world have
similar laws. The principle is neither new nor unusual.

80



JPRS~SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

ANGOLA

SAVIMBI ON UNITA BACKING, ALLIANCES, PROSPECTS
West Berlin TAGESZEITUNG in German 11 Feb 85 p 11

[Interview with Jonas Savimbi, leader of Angolan liberation movement UNITA,
conducted by TAGESZEITUNG correspondent J. Lechner, date and place not
indicated]

[Text] Jonas Savimbi, the leader of UNITA, the Angolan
liberation movement, lives in the southern part of Angola,
close to the border of Namibia in Jamba, the "moveable
capital." To anyone interested, he talks about his goals.
TAZ is publishing excerpts of an interview with the
publicity seeking guerilla leader which, overall, lasted
several hours.

[Question] Is the possibility that UNITA would form a government in the areas
that it occupies out of the question?

[Answer] Absolutely! Although a few countries have tried to put pressure on
us in this regard. They said that the MPLA [Popular Movement for the Libera-
tion of Angola] otherwise would not speak with us...

[Question] But do you really believe that after such a war, as opponents and
with your extremely divergent positions, that a national reconciliation is
possible?

[Answer] Yes, I believe that. Perhaps two or three leading members of the
MPLA would not accept it, but most of those we know on the other side, I
expect will accept it.

[Question] With this reconciliation, would UNITA exclude anyone within the
MPLA?

[Answer] No. But within the central committee of the MPLA there are a few
who would argue strongly for an incompatability and feel responsible for
that. They would probably not participate.

[Question] You have again and again mentioned contacts between the MPLA and
UNITA. How do these contact take place?



JPRS-SSA~B5~93)
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PRIVATELY OWNED FIREARMS SWELL TO 2 MILLION

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 17 Mar 85 p 3

[Article by David Breier]

[Text]

CSO:

WHILE Transvaal motorists take potshots
at each other, the police continue to issue
thousands of private firearm licences,
swelling South Africa’s awesome private-
ly-owned arsenal to more than two million
firearms.

The number of people licensed to carry
firearms rose from 961437 in 1983 to
986 $34 last year. A total of 2137 030 pri-
vate firearms are legally in the possession
of South Africans.

At the same time the chronic slaughter
on roads is taking on a new dimension,
with three motorists gunned down in the
past week after traffic incidents.

SA Police commissioner General Johan
Coetzee said there had been a steady in-
crease in applications for firearms li-
cences.

The public desire to carry firearms for
self-protection was a reaction to the gen-
eral increase in violent crimes and to the
unrest. Rape, housebreaking and serious
assault have all increased during the last
year while murder has increased by an
alarming 9,4 percent.

3400/890

Violent

The Deputy Minister of Law and
Order, Mr Adriaan Vlok, who has control
over the issue of private firearm licences,
said the authorities were strict in the issu-
ing of licences.

(Figures released in Parliament showed
that about 20000 licence applications
were refused during the past two years.)

Mr Viok said that when the police re-
ceived an application for a licence, they

“investigated the applicant thoroughly.

If he had any record of violence, he
could be refused while a person losing a
firearm could be declared unfit to carry a
weapon for five years.

The Arms and Ammunition Act was
tightened up two years ago to make it eas-
ier for the Minister to declare a person
unfit to possess a firearm. oe

)Mr Vlok said the prime reason for
owning a firearm was self-protection.

The police have begun to get tougher
with applicants — last year 476 people
were declared unfit to possess a firearm
compared to 401 the previous year.

The number of firearm licences issued
during the last two years was more than
120000 annually, but last year the number
of refusals increased by about 2 000.

108



BPP MEMBERS WIN PTA BY-ELECTIONS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Mar 85 p 2

[Text]

cso:

3400/876

TWO members of the Black Progressive Party in
Atteridgeville, Pretoria, have won by-elections which
were held in the township on Wednesday.

The results were announced yesterday morning by
the Commissioner of the Department of Co-operation
and Development in Pretoria, Mr J W Killian who
said a total of 905 people had voted in the two wards.

Mr Lucas Mosuma won by 491 votes against Mr
Edwin Nilaba of the Khudu Party who gathered 352
votes at ward 4, Mr Victor Zobane won by 32 votes
against Mr Joseph Sibisi’s 30 votes in ward one.

The by-election in ward 4 followed an order by a
Pretoria Supreme Court last year who ruled that the
elections held there on December 1983, were irregu-
lar. A number of voters who carried temporary iden-
tity documents were wrongfully turned away, the
court ruled.

The by-election in ward one was a result of the
resignation last year of the mayor, Mr Z Z Mashao,
who cited family pressure as the reason.

Two of the recent candidates — Mr Zobane and
Mr Ntlaba — had their houses petro! bombed re-
cently by unknown persons in an apparent bid to stop
them from participating in the by-elections.

78

UPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

IMPACT OF DISINVESTMENT ON BLACK EMPLOYMENT EXAMINED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 22 Mar 85 p 9

[Text]

THE MOST frequently-
used argument against
disinvestment is that it
would cause unemploy-
ment and harm blacks,
the very people whom

such action would be

designed to benefit.
However, this fear could

“be exaggerated. According

to the co-ordinators of the
Sullivan Code, United
States companies in South
Africa employ only about
70 000 workers ... less than
1% of the country’s total
workforce.

Assuming a total pull-out
by United States companies
— an event which is still far
from becoming reality —
South African companies
could buy up these factor-
ies, probably at discount

rices, saving most of the
jobs.

Mr Stephen Bissenius,
head of the newly-formed
American Association for
Trade and Investment, has
pointed out that the word
“disinvestment” is a misno-
mer. “The campaign, cor-
rectly defined, aims to af-
fect almost all trade, licens-
ing agreements and techno-
logy transfer between the
United States and South
Africa,” he said.

Thus the effects on unem-
ployment could only be cal-
culated in terms of the ef-
fects of a wide range of
economic sanctions on the

104

growth of the South African
economy, a calculation
which is almost impossible
to make.

Here we can only 4 on
the words of Dr Johan
Cloete, chief economist for
Barclays Bank, who pointed
out that the “disinvestment
lobby bodes ill for our eco-
moe targets of the pend

e tary of pend-
ing ‘United. States legisla-
tion include a ban on the
importation of Kruger-
rands, a ban on all sales of
computers and a ban on all
new private and corporate
investment.

The most dramatic — a
freeze on new investment
from the United States —
might not be-as drastic. as
has been imagined.

Since 1976 there has been
a net outflow of. United

States and other direct:

foreign investment from
South Africa, and foreign in-
vestment: has declined as a
slice of the country’s eco-
nomy.*
Economic experts be-
lieve this partially accounts
for the already high unem-
ployment levels in this
country due to the unstable
political climate in, South
Africa, .

This is a situation which,
if accurate accounting were

possible, might prove to
a

ve been far more damag-"
ing to the South African

SOUTH AFRICA



State Level

"Most of the supporters of disinvestment, however, have never been able to
make a case in favor of it. For example, they cannot answer questions such
as: How do you increase your influence if you want to withdraw it, and on
whose behalf are sanctions propagated?"

About 30 to 40 bills have already been submitted in the United States at
the state level, and a great number are expected at the municipal level.

South Africa's side of the story is now being heard for the first time in
the United States also. It has already had a limited effect on views on
South Africa.

There is a danger that the American campaign will sooner or later be able
to influence views in the business world of other countries, Dr Burger said.

8700
CSO: 3401/138

89



» "liberals" such as Senator Kennedy don't see much benefit in that route.
They prefer to avoid fundamental objections in the United States on inter-
ference in the domestic affairs of another country through a crusade against

"apartheid." This is an easier and more likable route. In that manner Presi-
dent Reagan's involvement with this country can be smeared and the American
Blacks appeased.

Foot in the Door

The bill with which they want to corner South Africa is according to some
commentators "more moderate" than originally expected. Just see how they
stress that no one will actually be hurt!

Perhaps those tactics are the result of there being a stronger realization
in the United States itself about the damage which could be caused by boycott
measures. Not the least of those is the fact that especially those who are
supposed to help in the sanctions are the ones which will be affected the
worst.

A Vietnam

On the other hand, the "moderate" bill should surely be seen instead as a
sly attempt to get a foot in the door. With an apparently less controversial
proposal the democratic leaders hope to get support beyond the party line
for a bill which, once it is in the code of law, can be easily changed later
on to tighten the screws.

Opponents of sanctions and disinvestment will have to point that out, just
as they will have to firmly stress the fact that the United States would
create the risk of an economic Vietnam in Africa if this campaign were to
succeed,

Dawie pointed this "Vietnam" danger out already earlier this year. This
means that if sanctions are indeed strictly applied, a dozen or more neigh-
boring states of South Africa will be brought to their knees and an entire
subcontinent can become an economic swamp--which will also become an American
burden.

Due to sharp tensions which will result, and which could end in a struggle
between black and white, the American government ultimately will perhaps
be forced to intervene directly in South Africa itself.

According to some reports, in the United States there are signs of hardening
against the disinvestment campaign. But is that enough?

Obviously Americans who are aware of the dangers of such a campaign for
the United States itself should act in a more coordinated and effective manner
to halt it.

To do so they need all the help they can get from South Africa. A black

leader such as Captain Gatsha Buthelezi recently furnished an important con-
tribution in the United States.

57



BOTHA SAYS NEW COUNCIL IS PROOF OF REFORM

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Mar 85 p 12

[Text]

C80:

CAPE TOWN. - The
question of _ political
vigbts for Blacks was
not whether — they
should have them, but
how it could be done
without one popula-
fion group permancnt-
ly dominating others,
ihe State President, Mr
P W Botha, said in
Cape Town yesterday.

Wit Botha was opening
meeting of the Council
for the Coordination of
Focal Government Af-
fairs, which he said was
coucrete. proof of the
Government’s intention
to bring, about evolutio-
nary and peaceful consti
tational development.

‘the Government re-
mained committed to es-
tablishing, constitutional
structures which would
also afford members of
the Black communities
the opportunity to ex-
press themselves politi-
cally beyond the local
government level.

“The question is not
whether Jack communi-
tics should be given pol
cal rights but how it

3400/875

should be done without
one population group be-
ing placed in a position to
permanently dominate
the other.”

Mi Botha said the indi-
vidual in South Africa
could only achieve full
political rights within his:
own group. The protec-
tion of group rights did
not, as alleged by some,
contradict the protection
of the rights of the indi-
vidual.

“On the contrary, the
individuval’s rights are de-
pendent on his group's
rights being protected.”

He said yesterday's
meeting of the council
was characteristic of the
diversity of the country’s
society. Representatives
of the threc ticts of Gov-
ernment and all the coun-
try’s population .. groups
were present at the meet-
my

f.-
Black local authorities
had been granted official
representation on the
council and would also be
represented on regional
service councils.

The Urban Council’s
Association of South

53

JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Africa (UCASA) would
be officially recognised as
the official mouthpiece of
Black local authorities.

Mr Botha praised
Black local authority
councillors who, in spite
of severe criticism, anta-
gonism and harassment
had proved their devotion
and loyalty to their com-
munities and added that
they would be able to
make a valuable contribu-
tion to regional service
councils.

Mr Botha said the Gov-
ernment planned to intro-
duce the Regional Service
Councils Bill after the
Easter recess and to es-
tablish the first counci
the major centres im-
mediately after the pro-
mulgation of the Bill.

The fact that Blacks
were given official partici-
pation in the Coordinat-
ing Council, local autho-
ritics and in regional ses-
vice councils was an im-
portant component in
building acceptable con-
stitutional structures to
the satisfaction of mode-
rate and reasonable
people. - Sapa.



an intensification of the struggle. Concretely, it is out of the
question to make significant concessions to the enemy on the lo-
cal or international level. For example, we will never allow the
political bandits of the LIPAD/PAI and of the MONAPOL [National
Populist Liquidator Movement] P"CR"V/UGEV [Upper Voltan Revolu-
tionary Communist Party/General Union of Voltan Students] to
engage the Burkinabe people in political adventures since that
would result in misadventures. That is why we are fighting and
will fight without mercy against these trade union anarchists
who are redoubling their efforts in the art of counterfeiting,
lying, and intoxication, These incorrigible putschists have been
trying in vain for some time to create confusion onthe social ,
level in order to bring about what we all know.

Moreover, as we said a while back, and not long ago, we said to
the populists and other PCRV'ists that time would tell and that
right dealings would separate us and would reveal the true ser-
vant of the people. Today, i.e., in less than a decade, what do
we see? We see that some love what they once hated and formerly
fought against, whereas others are fighting against what they
once loved. In other words, the LIPAD is fighting against the
revolution after seeking in vain to be its father or mother or
guardian. As for the populist MONAPOL UGEV and the P"CR"V, they
now form the putschist avant-garde in our country after relent-
lessly fighting the phenomena of the putsch and coup d'etat as
responses to social evils. In short, all these little groups
with their erroneous conceptions are finally showing their real
face, their real nature to the Burkinabe people. We call them
the new Right because in practice, they are no different from
the Gerard Kangos or a Joseph Ouedraogo who fought among them-
selves for power under the former regimes, at the time of the
late RDA [expansion unknown]. Like the men of the reactionary
regimes of former days, the new representatives of international
imperialism present the problems more or less in terms of poli-
tical offices, in terms of the acquisition of power to satisfy
their personal ambition etc. In this, they are detestable,

In any case, the chances for the success of a putsch are nil in
Burkina today because we say that the process is irreversible.
Nevertheless, we will redouble our vigilance and determination
as if something were to happen at any time, It is in this sense
that one should understand the attitude of our valiant people
towards the old or the new Right, the objective allies of our
enemy: international imperialism,

9824 ;
cso: 3419853

15



JPRS-SSA-85~-031.
16 April 1985

GAS RECYCLING PLANT COMMISSIONED-~Port Ilarcourt, 17 Mar (NAN)-~The head of
state, Major General Muhammadu Buhari, yesterday commissioned an 80 million
naira gas re-cycling plant, capable of increasing the country's daily oil
production by 15,000 barrels. The plant, sited at Obiafu-Obrikom, near
Port Uarcourt, is a joint venture between the Nigerian AGIP O11 Company,
NNPC [Nigerian National Petroleum Company] and Philips Oi] Company. Maj

Gen Buhari said at the ceremony that oil companies had not effectively util--
ised Nigeria's abundant natural gas as a foreign exchange earner. Ile said
that the government was prepared to assist the companies to embark on
projects geared toward effective gas utilisation. The head of state com~-
mended AGIP and other oil companies which had set [word indistinct] utilisa-
tion Facilities and noted that the Obiafu-Obrikom plant was the first of its
kind in the country. "With the development of more projects such as this, gas
flaring will become a thing of the past," Maj Gen Buhari said. [Excerpt]
(Lagos NAN in English 1300 GMT 17 Mar 85 AB]

csO: 3400/815

44



that do not always have to do with Senegal. That is the first reason that has
to do with my professional activities that take me abroad,

Actually, that rumor was spread by the PS because our adversaries are annoyed
when I am abroad. That is the truth. As long as we are shut up in the cocoon
which Senegal is, they can do what they want. Our communiques are not even
broadcast on radio or television. But they know that once abroad and in
touch with the international press, they can no longer spread whatever they
want.

[Question] As during the heyday of colonialism, it is therefore in France that
you want to settle Senegalese problems under the arbitration of the former
mother country.

[Answer] We do not need France's arbitration to settle problems concerning only
Senegalese. Those problems must be settled by the Senegalese themselves and
in Senegal.

[Question] Nearly 8 months abroad for the secretary general of a party, it
that not too long?

[Answer] For my fellow members and myself, it is not too much. Listen, I have
to answer only to my fellow members. I do not have to give explanations to those
not of my party. The National Secretariat of the PDS congratulated me for the
work I did during those 8 months and I am convinced that my Political Bureau will
do the same. I will also report to the National Convention of my party. Out-
side of that, the opinions of others, who are free to express them, are of no
interest to me. I am accountable for the strategy I define for my party only

to my fellow members.

[Question] You defend the interests of whom? Those of a few tens of thousands
of members or those of the people, that great mass of over 6 million souls?

[Answer] I believe that today, the PDS embodies the profound aspirations of
the majority of the Senegalese people. Abdou Diouf and the PS know it well and
do not dare to organize honest elections. If our party is popular, it is indeed
because it defends the interests of the masses.

[Question] You spoke before of exposing the so-called Senegalese democracy
before international opinion. Why not begin at home?

[Answer] But that has already been done.
[Question] Not yet.

[Answer] What do you mean? Did the November 1984 elections not adequately
prove, with a participation rate of 23.53 percent and an abstention of 76 per-
cent of the Senegalese people, who followed the instructions of the PDS to ab-
stain, that the PS has been exposed in Senegal? I believe it has. And at any
rate, you have to do both things at once because the other countries have had
the wool pulled over their eyes. It is very easy to permit the creation of

48



PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN MOZAMBIQUE RISING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85 p 4

[Text]

SOUTH African private
sector involvement. in
Mozambique since the
signing of the Nkomati
Accord in March last year
is increasing and any at-
tempts to denounce the
success of the peace in-
itiative are invalid.

This was said by the di-
rector of Mosatur Limita-
da (Pty) Ltd, Mr Johnny
Henn, who established
the company three
months ago in conjune-
tion with the Mozambican
Government to promote
the Inhaca Islands.

Speaking at a Press
conference in Johannes-
burg yesterday, Mr Henn,
who is also chairman of
the Lowveld Liaison
Committee and the Re-
gional Advisory Commit-
tee for the Eastern Trans-
vaal, said an umbrella
body, Rep Mosa, had
been established in De-
cember last year to nego-
tiate any business venture
between South Africa and
Mozambique.

Tourism
Already four compan-
ies — three promoting

tourism and one organis-
ing imports and exports
-— have been established.

cso: 3400/875

“Any efforts to de-
nounce the success of
Nkomati are invalid,” Mr
Henn stressed. “The
communication, comfort-
able working arrange-
ment and joint ventures
with the Mozambican
Government are proof
enough.”

Asked what steps had

been taken to guarantee
the investments of South
African businessmen in
operations in Mozambi-
que, Mr Henn said the
Mozambican — Govern-
ment had passed legis-
lation protecting these in-
vestments, and had of-
fered various other ben-
efit such as tax con-
cessions ~- as well.
He said economic sta~
bility in Mozambique, a
prerequisite for stability
and peace in the region,
would only come with
outside investment and
involvement.

He warned of the dan-
gers of ignoring the po-
tential interaction be-
tween the two countries
— possible loss of life and
certain instability on
South Africa’s eastern
border.

77

JPRS-SSA-85-031

16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

’ Stability

In addition, Mr Henn
said the private sector had
a vital role to play in Mo-
zambique “so our chil-
dren will not bear the
consequences of their
parents short-sighted am-
bitions to make money,
rather than invest in the
long term for stability, co-
operation and progress in
the South Africa, of
which we are all part.”

Mr Henn’s company,
Mosatur Limitada, aims
at promoting the Inhaca
Islands which he said was
“a paradise that had been
physically dead for South
Africans since 1974”.

The second company,
Mosa_ Marinha, ~— was.
formed to provide access
for ski-boat anglers to
some of the finest fishing
grounds on the Mozambi-
can shoreline. Its director
is Mr Peter Rademan.

An aviation company,
Matavia Airlines, operat-
ing between Nelspruit
and various parts of Mo-
zambique, fills the gaps
between the South Afri-
can Airlines services and
the official Mozambican
airline, LAM, the direc-
tor of the airline, Mr Pet-
er Farquhar said.



JPRS-SSA-~85-031
16 April 1985

BENIN

VISIT OF SOVIET NEWS DELEGATION REPORTED
Cotonou EHUZU in French 13 Feb 85 pp 1, 8
[Article: "End of Visit to Benin of the Soviet Journalists Union Delegation"]

[Text] In the framework of the relationship of active cooperation which it
has long maintained with the Journalists Association in Benin, the Soviet Jour-
nalists Union visited our country from 5 to 12 February 1985.

This visit followed that made by the Beninese Journalists Association to the
USSR in 1982.

In the final communique published yesterday at the end of this visit, the two
associations gave a report on the major subjects dealt with in the working
sessions they held.

Thus subjects such as the life of the AJB [Benin Journalists Association], the
training of Beninese journalists, study trips, and exchanges of journalists
between the USSR and the Benin Popular Republic were discussed.

A draft cooperation agreement between the two parties was submitted for the
examination of the Beninese representatives of the AJB.

The date and place of the signing of this agreement will be jointly decided
later by the two associations.

The communique also particularly emphasized the convergence between the views
of the AJB and the UJS [Union of Soviet Journalists] on such questions as the
peace and security of peoples, the struggle against imperialism, colonialism
and neo-colonialism, racism, apartheid and Zionism.

The two delegations approved the peace policy of the Soviet state, the aspira-
tions for socialism, peace and progress of the people of the Benin Popular
Republic, and affirmed their desire to strengthen the ties of friendship and
understanding between the Beninese and the Soviet people. They also expressed
their satisfaction with the spirit of cordiality, solidarity and friendship
with which their various discussions were imbued. The Soviet delegation made
a point of thanking the AJB for its friendly welcome and asked it to convey to
the PRPB [People's Revolution Party of Benin] and to the Beninese state their
gratitude for the solicitude shown them during their stay.

9824
csO: 3419/318

10



JPRSSSA-85~031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CP OFFICIAL DEPLORES ASSEMBLY'S LACK OF POWER

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Mar 85 p 4

[Text]

HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY. —
White voters lived in fear because
the Government had lost control of
the country’s finances, Dr Ferdie
Hartzenberg, deputy leader of the
Conservative Party, said.

“We are busy here with a farce,”
he said in debate on the White Own
Affairs Budget.

The House of Assembly had no
real control over its own affairs,
which were all subject to General
Affairs laws in terms of the consti-
tution.

“This debate is proof this House
no longer has any power.”

Dr Hartzenberg said one of the
most important aspects of self-de-
termination was control of funds
and the Assembly vote for Own Af-
fairs of R2,2-billion amounted ‘to
only 4,83 percent of the main Gen-
eral Affairs Budget of R31-billion
plus the Post Office Budget of R4-
billion and the Transport Budget of
R10-billion.

Even if all the funds voted to the
provinces for hospitals, roads and

cso: 3400/874

52

other services were scen as Own
Affairs funds, these amounted to
only 16,2 percent of all appropria-
tions.

“This Chamber is not even in a
position today to say the drought is
not yet broken and we would like to
take funds from a vote other than
agriculture to provide drought re-
lief without the approval of the
other Chambers of parliament. 1s
this evidence of control over own
affairs?”

Dr Hartzenberg said the As-
sembly could not even impose le-
vies on Whites without the approval
of the other Houses. -

“The only thing the Minister of
the Budget in this House can do
without the approval of the other
Chambers is to receive donations.
He should establish a charity orga-
nisation to provide for the needs of
the Whites. .

“This House has no power that is
not dependent on the approval of
the other Houses and the Govern-
ment says we have sclf-determina-
tion over our own affairs,” he said.



Expense of Maintaining Apartheid 'Staggering'
(Gerald Reilly; RAND DAILY MAIL, 16 Mar 85) ..ccecessesee

COSAS Sets Deadline for Demands
(Ali Mphaki; THE SOWETAN, 29 Mar 85) .csecevsecevceseeces

Private Sector Involvement in Mozambique Rising
(THE CITIZEN, 23 Mar 85) .scccaccevccsccceuccecccecceeccs

BPP Members Win PTA By-Elections
(SOWETAN, 22 Mar 85) veccsccscccceececcenescssenveceseecs

Decentralization Bill for South Africa Soars
(Amrit Manga; SUNDAY TIMES, 17 Mar 85) .cccecececceceeces

Minister of Law and Order Discusses Repression
(Louis Le Grange Interview; DER SPIEGEL, 25 Feb 85) .....

Black Appointments Mark Historic Step Forward
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 27 Mar 85) ..seseseseeseseees

Official's View on Disinvestment Campaign, Blacks' Optimism
(Marc Burger Interview; DIE BURGER, 12 Mar 85) ....sseeeee

Young Church Members Opt for Change
(THE CITIZEN, 26 Mar 85) ...ceeceecceccecccccceeeeeseeees

Black Resettlement Figures
(CAPE TIMES, 6 Mar 85) ......00e

Winter Crisis Fear in Black. Villages
(Janine Stein; THE CITIZEN, 27 Mar 85) ..

Commentary on Vital Need To Save Nkomati Accord
(THE STAR, 17 Mar 85) .......-

Rights of Tribal Groups To Choose Own Representatives Examined
(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 15 Mar 85) .,

All Race Groups To Benefit From Increase in Social Pensions
(THE STAR, 19 Mar 85) .ecceeeseecseees

New Tech Replaces Electronics Workers
(THE STAR, 19 Mar 85) ..sceeeeeeseeeees

Unions Push for Reduction of Working Hours
(Joshua Roboroko; SOWETAN, 29 Mar 85) ...cececeevees

Unemployment Up by 75 Percent in Natal
(THE CITIZEN, 29 Mar 85) Pheer meee cere eee eeeeeeeeetes
a

— -d-

75

76

77

78

79

80

85

87

90

91

92

93

96

98

99

100

101



i
i

the principles of merit and efficiency and avoidance of competition with the
civil service of the black nations.

"Blacks who are in fact hired," states the document, "are employed either as
officials or workers, on the basis of whatever legal and other prescriptions
regulate such appointments, and race plays no role in the matter. Tf a black
is appointed as an official in some post, such a post is considered duly
filled for all purposes. those involved may also present themselves as candi-
dates for promotions or transfers to other posts."

Provincial administrations will also be increasingly multiracial. "As far as
provincial administrations are concerned, close attention must now be given

to the reassignment of the positions in question, in the light of the evolving
new political system. Until this process is completed, the positions that are
clearly set up to satisfy the requirements of specific population”groups must,
insofar as it is practically possible, continue to be staffed by members of
that population group. The staffing of positions that are not clearly set up
with a specific population group in mind, in other words, those ‘positions that
satisfy general needs, must be approached in the same way as in the case of
the general affairs departments.

The appointment of more and more non-whites to civil service jobs will undoubt-
edly lead to serious unrest among white civil servants. The latter will prob-
ably give utterance to their dissatisfaction through the spokesmanship of the
influential Association of State Employees (VSA). In the past it was always
the contention of the VSA that non-whites could not be appointed to white job
situations in the civil service, although numbers of white civil servants

even today fill black situations. These positions must first be filled by
blacks before consideration may be given to the appointment of non-white civil
servants, the VSA explained.

With the implementation of the new constitution, the VSA has changed its posi-
tion, however, and now it maintains that the appointment of non-Whites in the
civil service is a "political" matter. The VSA has already stated, however,
that opportunities for promoting white civil servants are not to be put on the
back burner. The above-mentioned appointment of large numbers of non-white
civil servants will, however, inevitably entail a decrease in the promotion
opportunities for white civil servants.

8117
cs0: 3401/140

69



Nationalities

The non-Ivorian population is heavily Burkinabe. In 1978, they ac-
counted for about 1.5 million inhabitants. Statistics tell us
that these figures are too high. In any event, though, they are
well over a million. Maybe, we are told, they may number 1.2
million. In 1985, they reportedly made up more than 50 percent

of Ivory Coast's entire foreign-born population.

Right behind the Burkinabes are the Maliens (25.9 percent), the
Guineans (9.7 percent), and the Ghanians (3.3 percent). People
from these four bordering countries account for 83.9 percent of
this population of foreign-born, to which we must add 12.6 percent
of immigrants from other African countries: from Nigeria, Benin,
Niger, Senegal, Togo, Liberia, Chad, Cameroon, etc. The census
shows us only 3.6 percent of non-Africans, mainly French and Leba-
nese nationals.

Maybe we shall have to wait for the 1987 general census to get a
look at the right figures. Be that as it may, it would appear that
we have more aliens among us than we think. Most of them do not
bother to check in with their embassies or to register with the
police immigration service. The figures on Lebanese nationals are
also the most controversial. Diplomatic sources report 40,000 in-
dividuals, while other sources tell us that there are 100,000 Leba—
nese nationals in Ivory Coast.

There is only one reliable estimate for 1985, and that is the one
on the numbers of French nationals here. In 1982, there were
45,300 of them, 31,000 of them living in Abidjan. That figure
dropped to 42,000 in early 1983, and to 31,826 at the end of that
same year. In early January of 1985, according to the General
Consul of France in Abidjan, 27,833 French nationals were counted
in the Abidjan region alone. Assuming that there are roughly 10
percent of French nationals here who are not registered with the
consulate, we can estimate that the French population of Ivory
Coast amounts to something close to 32,000 souls, of whom 66.5 per-
cent are men and the remaining 33.5 percent are women and children.

Where do these aliens live? Mainly in Abidjan. Ivory Coast's ca-
pital is still the destination of great numbers of immigrants: «4
often the presence of freigners in the country's other cities is
(or was initially planned to be) merely temporary. These lesser
cities are only way~stations on the migration route to Abidjan.
Abidjan is also where we find most of the "other Africans" (44 per-
cent) and almost all the non-Africans (81.9 percent). Immigrants
settling in the rural areas are overwhelmingly Burkinabe. They are
heavily over-represented there (60 percent) as against 45 percent
nationwide: all the other immigrant nationalities are represented
on the farms as well.

24



Workers in the public sector currently are in the fortunate position that
they cannot lose their job without cause, whereas in the private sector every
month about 8,000 workers lose their jobs.

"The private sector can do no more than what it is doing now. In my opinion,
bonuses should be eliminated completely in the public sector this year,"
Mr MacLeod said.

A spokesman for Anglo American said yesterday that the situation is being
watched closely, but that it is not possible at this stage to announce any
decisons, if there are any, in this context.

Any steps which can be made to improve the economic position will be con-
sidered.

[in box]

The committee of the Association of University Lecturers have noted "with
great regret" the cut in the wage package of civil servants in the public
sector.

According to the committee, the effect of the decrease on university person-

nel is very serious because the state subsidy to universities has already
been cut by almost 13 percent, SAPA reports from Johannesburg.

8700
CSO: 3401/138

67



JPRS-SSA-85-03)
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MARAIS URGES STRONGER ACTION AGAINST RIOTERS
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 7 Feb 85 p 1

[Text] An urgent appeal was made by the leader of the HNP [Herstigte Nation-
al Party], Mr Jaap Marais, for the government to make an end to the con-
tinuous riot conditions in South Africa.

In a statement, the HNP leader accuses the government of demonstrating in-
capacity to take action against leftist elements, thus enabling rioters to
achieve successes,

Mr Marais' statement comes against a background of growing concern among
Whites that the government is not able to maintain the public order. This
concern has increased since the recent series of riots in the Transvaal,
the Orange Free State and near Kruispad [Crossroads] on the Cape Peninsula.

With respect to the recent arrests of UDF [United Democratic Front] leaders,
Mr Marais said that was encouraging. "However, as a single action on the
part of the police, that will not change the situation much if there is no
continued action to get to the root of this riot-problem."

"The real problem," Mr Marais said, "is on the one hand the obvious incapa~
bility of the government to take effective and persistent action against
leftist subversion, This is coupled to the growing kindness of the govern-
ment toward even illegal leftist organizations.

"This attitude of the government has enabled the rioters to achieve successes
and, through those, to create continually higher expectations. ‘These are
the conditions under which people expect an increase in disturbances, unless
appropriate action is taken, That action must be aimed at paralyzing the
organizations which currently organize and initiate the riots.

"The government has tolerated for too long, "said Mr Marais, "racial distur-
bances caused by organizations and their leaders in schools and at work.
Very strong action is now needed, and the whites are sick and tired of the
senseless destruction being initiated and for which they are financially
responsible,

60



Sugar factories in the spirit of true
‘revolutionary’ friendship.

Instead, Northern Ghana around
Bawku where geological survey has
revealed vast deposits of high grade
diamonds was reported to have been
earmarked for the Cuban troops to be

_ stationed and their communications
centre located at Tamale, so that
clandestine exploitations of the
diamonds might have been undertaken
in a revolutionary style unabated in the
area, which would have been
designated as ‘MILITARY ZONE —
RESTRICTED’. Why not? Ghana has
not struck oil of any commercial
significance as Angola to be able to pay
the emolument of foreign troops in
foreign currency.

While Ghanaians are deeply agitated
about the wanton destruction and
pillage of their country, it has not yet
occurred to the tricksters, opportunists
and charlatans who are masquerading
and yapping as revolutionists that
falsehood may be in a very thick crust,
but in course of time truth finds a place
to break through just as day follows
the night.

Y. Salifu
Islington, London

cso: 3400/878

17



JPRS-SSA-85~031
16 April 1985

KENYA

CHOTARA ARGUES FOR UNIVERSITY RELOCATION

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 26 Feb 85 p 3

[Text]

THE Nakuru District Kanu
chairman, Mr. Kariuki
‘Chotaru, said on Sunday that
if the main campus of the
University of “Nairobi. was
transferred to a ‘rural area
there would be litfle trouble
from the students,

He said constant student
“unrest was caused by the fact
that the university was situated
close to several bars, where
many students spent a Jot of
time drinking and being con-
fused = by, unpatriotic
individuals. 7°,
»-Chotara was ‘speaking at 2
messive Kanu recruitment tal-
ly at Subukia market in Bahati
division; Nakuru district.

Chotara, who is also a
nominated MP, said students
could study in peace if the
university was in a rural area
‘which had an atmosphere con-
ducive to serious study
without interference from
misguided elements. .

.. He castigated Professor
Ngugi wa Thiong'o for his
anti-Kenya propaganda itt a

cso: 3400/882

foreign country. |.
Noting that Ngugi had
sought refuge with the very
colonialists that Kenyans had
shed blood to expel, Chotara
said he spend six years in the
forest fighting for freedom

and seven in colonial detention

and wondered what type of
‘professor Ngugi was to betray
his country. °

/

He said a doctor or pro-
fessor ‘should use his
Anowledge to help the coun-
try, and praised women who

supported the freedom strug-

glé by risking their lives to pro-
vide foor: for the freedom
fighters.

Chotars said good leaders
should be honest with wanan-
chi and show by deeds rather
than empty words-what they
could do for them. He lashed
af ledders who cheated wanan-
chi using sweet words at public
platforms -and yet they were
anti-Nyayo at heart.

34

‘Standard Eight pupils.

_ He. commended the Kanu
youth wing in Nakuru district,
saying he would ensure that
they all earned a decent living
.by working on income-
generating projects, and add-
ed that similar projects would
be started for the Kan
“women’s wing. so

Chotara asked youthw-
ingers in Subukia to help the
Police root out thieves. who
were’ stealing - weighing
machines in the area. .

He conducted an impromp-
tu funds drive for schoo! fees
* for two students who had been
expelled from form five and
-shs. 3,980 was raised. He
donated shs. 1,000.

Earlier, CHotara presented
five cartons of text books to
‘three primary schools in the
area and Coun. Lasoi promis-
ed he would at a, later date
bring 700 text books be given
to seven primary schools for

— KNA



PFP CRITICIZES BOTHA'S DEFENCE OF LE GRANGE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Mar 85 p 2

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

THE State President, Mr P W Botha, would
“rue the day” he had defended the Minister of
Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange, over in-
cidents at Uitenhage last week, Mrs Helen
Suzman told a Press conference in Cape Town

yesterday.

Mrs Suzman and other
Progressive Federal Party
Parliamentarians who
visited the Eastern Cape
atthe weekend said there
was substantial evidence
that the police had travel-
led in two Casspirs, one
ahead and one behind the
marching group.

Since Casspirs were
military vehicles, armour-
plated and built to with-
stand land mine explos-
ions, there was no reason
to suppose that sticks and
stones posed any threat to
them. She believed the
group had been a peace-
ful one.

‘The PFP team said they
were personally con-
vinced that the crowd did
not surround a lone
Casspir. as suggested in
the official statement is-
sued by Mr Le Grange
after the event

CSO: 3400/874

Dr Alex __Boraine,
chairman of the Party's
Federal Executive, said
sworn statements showed
that no “March on Uiten-
hage had been planned.
People had intended to
travel by taxi and other
transport from Langa to
KwaNobuble, which
would have taken them
through part of Uiten-
hage.

The police arrived and
stopped people from us-
ing transport. In this way
people started to walk
and the number of walk-
ers increased. If the
police had not prevented
people using motor trans-
port, “the whole ghastly
affair would never have
happened.”

Mrs Suzman said that
what happened next was
the shooting. If, as al-
leged by Mr Le Grange.
there had been a riotous
situation, she would have
expected attempts to dis-
perse the crown with tear-
gas, sneeze gas and rub-
ber bullets before people
were shot with live am-
munition

None of these prepara-
tory steps were taken,

Mr Errol Moorcroft of
Albany quoted Mr Le
Grange as saying the first
shot had been fired into
the ground ahead of the
leader of the crowd.
There was evidence that
the first shot had hit a
man riding a bicycle.

“Have you ever tried
riding a bicycle uphill
while throwing stones at
police in a Casspir?."
queried Mrs Suzman.

Mr Moorcroft and Dr

54

JPRS-S6A-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Boraine stressed that the
presence of Zulu police in
the area had created “a
very angry, very bitter”
reaction from the Xhosa
inhabitants of the area.
The Zulus were referred
to as “‘Gatsha’s impis” or
“the Tsakas”.

Dr Boraine said: “The
whole area is now like a
tinder-box -- Uitenhage.
Somerset East. Graff-Re-
inct, Fort Beufort.” Ask-
ed how seriously the PFP
viewed the national situa-
tion, he replied: “I find it
hard to exaggerate how
serious it is.

“Almost without ex-
ception, every day of
every week somebody is
being killed somewhere.
Going into the township
situation is like going into
a foreign country. The
majority of Whites have
no idea of how endemic
violence is in South Afri-
ca, nor the Government
either.”



On the other hand, there has
developed the academic view that by
the dictates of the Ewe tradition,
Rawlings inherits from his British
father’s side. Rawlings’ mother is an
Ewe. In the eyes of the matriarchial
Asante, Rawlings is an abomination.
But Rawlings is now the ‘‘ward’’ of the
Asantehene. Not to say the least, the
Asante Region is benefitting from this
relationship through stepped up
development projects.

In December, 1982, Rawlings
appealed, in a national broadcast that
“Ghana is my fatherland and has
always been so.”’ If he would be denied
a surrogate father among the Ewes, he
has now found a fatherly tie among the
Asantes by an umbilical cord which the
alleged assassination attempt almost
severed on that fateful ‘31st’.

But the real question agitating the
minds of Pan-Africanists now is how
can the master of revolutionary
strategy, Captain (rt’d) Kojo Tsikata,
who professes to be an Nkrumaist,
superintend over a hybrid revolution
which by all intent and purposes is an
anathema to the dictates of
Nkrumaism? With Ghana, there are
more questions than answers.

CSO: 3400/878

20



JPRS-SSA-35-031
16 Apeil 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

OFFICIAL'S VIEW ON DISINVESTMENT CAMPAIGN, BLACKS' OPTIMISM
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 12 Mar 85 p 9

[Report on interview with Dr Marc Burger, senior official of the Department
of Foreign Affairs: "Black Businessmen ‘Optimistic'"; date and place of
interview not given]

[Text] Black businessmen in South Africa are more optimistic about the future
than ever before~-in spite of the economic climate and the pessimism in the
white business world coupled to that.

That is the opinion of Dr Marc Burger, a senior official of the Department
of Foreign Affairs, who coordinates the anti-disinvestment campaign. The
campaign against investments in South Africa is mainly being conducted from
the United States.

Observers ascribe that optimism primarily to the current federal and other
political developments in South Africa.

“There is great opposition against the disinvestment campaign. If we stand
together, we can certainly overcome that threat," he said in an interview
with DIE BURGER.

Dr Burger was asked for commentary after recent statements against disinvest-
ment by various leaders--including spokesmen from neighboring countries such
as Botswana, Swaziland and Lesotho.

On that problem a wider range of groups and leaders are probably in agreement
than on any other, observants think.

Although he sees disinvestment as an "extremely serious threat," it will
not be able to cause a decisive change in the area of South African politics.

Peaceful
"South Africa does not submit to pressure. We do what is right for us.

The people of this country know better what should be done than do people
on the outside."

87



JPRS-SSA-85~-031
16 April 1985

NIGERIA

IDIAGBON CALLS FOR EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL CAS
AB192100 Lagos NAN in English 1632 GMT 19 Mar 85 |

[Text] Lagos, 19 Mar (NAN)-~The chief of staff, Supreme Headquarters, Maj Gen
Tunde Idiagbon, said today in Lagos that gas worth about 500,000 naira was
being flared daily by oi] companies operating in the country.

Maj Gen Idiagbon said in an address at the opening of a two-day seminar on
natural gas that Decree 99 of 1979 on associated gas re-injection was promul—
gated to rectify the situation. Under the amended provision of Decree 99, oil
companies which fail to utilise gas associated with oil in their fields are
liable to a fine of two kobo per 283 standard cubic metres payable in foreign
exchange as From 1 January.

In the address read by Alhaji Abdullahi Ibrahim, minister of education, science
and technology, the chief of staff said that it was “unforgivable to continue
to flare gas when many communities could benefit from the gas if it was har~-
nessed as a source of electricity generation. He said that although the volume
of gas utilised in the country had risen from 4 percent in 1977 to 20 percent
in 1984, there was the need for a well~drawn up programme to make gas an al-~
ternative economic base to crude oil.

In a paper, Mr Terry Davis, a consultant to Pan Ocean (Nigeria) 0i1 Company,
said that natural gas was a potential feedstock for the country's fertilizer
plants which could be based on small-scale production. He said that small-scale
plants required little funding and were easier to maintain. The development of
the fertilizer sector would contribute immensely to the attainment of the
country's agricultural objectives, he said.

In another paper, Mr Babalola Kumalu, general manager of the liquefied natural
gas unit, Shell Petroleum Development Company (Nigeria) Ltd., said that it was
uneconomical to build a domestic gas pipeline network because the volume of gas
currently being used in domestic cooking was low.

According to the NNPC [Nigeria National Petroleum Company], the country's proven
gas reserves stand at 300 trillion cubic meters. About 200 delegates are at-
tending the seminar, which is being sponsored by the NNPC and the oil producing
and trading section of the Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

CSO: 3400/815
41



[Question] Your service costs many human lives. You yourself have admitted
that in October and November 130 people died during the riots in Transvaal
province, 96 of them through police actions. Since then, there have been
more and more dead. In any European country this would be a national tragedy.

{Answer] I do not want to compare our situation with that of Germany or any
other European state, since the circumstances there and the composition of
the population are totally different. We have a population consisting of
different groups. Of course we are sorry about every human life that must
be lost. During recent years we have studied every method to quell riots
without losing human lives.

[Question] Could you explain that, please?
{Answer] We have sent some of our top officials abroad...
[Question] To which countries?

[Answer] We should not mention the countries' names--our officials studied
techniques of coping with riots in the Western world, various weapons,
ammunition, and equipment such as the "sneezing machine"*, rubber bullets and
whatever else there is. They inspected the masks, nightsticks and shields
used there.

[Question] Why do the South African police, which in most cases only have to
deal with rock-throwing youngsters, not use transparent protective shields?
Why immediately use tear gas, why live bullets and whips of hard rubber,
called "Sjamboks?"

{Answer] We have replaced the "Sjamboks" with lighter "Sjambokkies." And
people who have been beaten by the police, seldom complain about those. Being
hit with it does not really hurt, but the "Sjambokkie" causes a kind of sting.
After that, the person concerned no longer tangles with a policeman.

[Question] What about the shields?

[Answer] We use them in inner cities. But the shields are no good in open
terrain, the men there find them only a hindrance.

[Question] Last year you used soldiers during riots in the Vaal Triangle, the
industrial area south of Johannesburg. Are your police forces no longer
adequate?

[Answer] Compared to other countries, we have very few police. At present,

it is 1.9 policemen per 1,000 inhabitants. In West Germany the ratio is
2.5, in England 3.4, and in Russia even 10 policemen..

* An "air cannon" mounted on the bed of a police vehicle, which blows
irritants into the crowd.

82



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NO INVITATION TO UN GENEVA CONFERENCE ON FAMINE IN AFRICA
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 12 Mar 85 p 8

[Text] The fact that the United Nations can hold a conference in Geneva

on the emergency situation in Africa without involving an important regional
power such as South Africa will not surprise many people. They have already
become accustomed to the dumbfounding shortsightedness and political useful-
ness of that world organization.

Perhaps the United Nations Organization was worried about a repetition of
the incident at the December conference on famine when black representa-
tives from Africa would not allow the proceedings to start until the South
African delegates had left.

However that may be, it is tragic, as Minister of Foreign Affairs Pik Botha
wrote in a letter to the chairman of the conference last weekend. The famine
in a large part of the continent is being described as one of the worst cata-
strophies which have struck humankind. Hundreds of thousands of people died
of hunger last year and millions of people in various African countries are
in danger of starving to death.

But Africa's distress is much greater than the famine or its economic regres—
sion. It doesn't help to give only money and food to Africa. Instead of
trying to find a way out itself, this could dampen initiative in the long
run and create defenselessness and an unhealthy dependence on other countries.

Africa's biggest stumbling block probably is ignorance, especially about
modern agricultural methods, technical development and business know-how.
And in those areas South Africas has valuable means, knowledge of Africa's
circumstances, and expertise sorely needed by the continent.

Not only has South Africa immediately furnished help in the past when a neigh-
boring state was hit by a catastrophe, but African countries are continuously
asking for help behind the scenes and are being helped.

South Africa's absence at the conference is black Africa's loss.

8700
cso: 3401/1239

59



[Question] So that with larger disturbances, strength can be demonstrated
only with the help of the Army?

[Answer] This is not even necessary with normal civilians. These black
people are also South Africans. We did not want to frighten them. They
trust our security forces. But in the Vaal Triangle we had an unnatural
disturbance situation. We wanted to give the people the chance to live
normally again. We helped them to get their children back to school.

[Question] You combed the area for "Communist agitators," but most. of the
victims of the massive raid were petty thieves.

[Answer] Nonetheless, the action was worthwhile. As soon as disturbances
begin, rowdies and idlers appear.. They burn down liquor stores, plunder
shops. We showed them and others that we are capable.of maintaining ‘law and
order.

[Question] The massive raid in the Vaal Triangle reminded Allan Boesak,
president of the Reformed World Federation of Capstadt, of the beginning
of a civil war.

[Answer] Pastor Boesak and some of his friends prefer to use extravagant
language--unfortunately.

{Question] The acts of violence in South Africa's non-white residential
areas do not stop. It is not a question of "rowdies"; rather, there exists
deep-seated political and. social dissatisfaction among the blacks--and Nobel
prize winner Bishop Desmond Tutu of Johannesburg sees it the same way.

[Answer] Bishop Tutu unfortunately also uses this exaggerated language.
It is high time for Bishop Tutu and his friends to realize that their
language and their statements about South Africa in many regards are
contradicted by facts.

[Question] By which ones? Perhaps the Minister of Law and Order has
different facts at his disposal than the clergymen, Tutu and Boesak?

[Answer] Let us deal with the question whether we have a revolutionary
climate in South Africa...

[Question] Do you?

[Answer] My answer is:. Quite certainly we have individuals and organizations
in South Africa who are trying with all their might to produce a revolutionary
climate. But we also know who they are; our enemies know that, too. And
that doesn't make them too happy.

[Question] Why don't you name names--for example, what part do communists

play in nationalist movements such as the outlawed African National
Congress (ANC)?

83



TAZARA CLOSES LINE AS DEBT SOARS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85 p 5

[Text]

CSO:

LUSAKA. — Services on
the Chinese-built Tazara
railway linking Zambia
with the East African
coast have been: sus-
pended because of a sev-
ere shortage of fuel, a Ta-
zara spokesman said yes-
terday.

The lack of fuel re-
sulted from a failure by
the Bank of Zambia to re-
mit more than R3,6-mil-
lion needed to settle debts
with several companies at
the railway’s headquar-
ters in Dar es,Salaam, he
added.

The spokesman said he
did not know how long
the suspension would last,
but it was affecting freight
and passenger services in
both directions.

3400/881

118

Services have been
halted despite an agree-
ment in January to pay
for some Tazara opera-
tions in Zambian kwa-
cha’s and Tanzanian shil-
lings, rather than scarce
foreign exchange.

That agreement fol-
lowed the suspension of
services in November
after the Bank of Zambia
failed to remit foreign ex-
change to Dar es Salaam.

Tariffs were imcreased
at the saine time to tak
into account the devalud-
tion of the two countries’
currencies.

The 1 900 km rail line is
crucial to the frail Zambi-
an economy as‘up to 80
percent of the country’s
copper exports arc trans-
ported on it. Copper is al-
most Zambia’s only
sources of hard currency
— Sapa-Reuter.

JPRS-SSA-85-031L
16 April 1985

ZAMBIA



of "Upper Ivory Coast" didn't change much. Of course, the Burkinabe
got: occasional ‘harrassment from the police. Also, all too often
we would hear rumors to the effect that they were responsibile for
most of Ivory Coast's crime. It is remarkable, though, that they
were never subjected to organized persecution, and that, despite
the fairly negative image people had of them, they were not rejec-
ted. All in all, when you put them alongside the Senegalese,
Maliens, and Guineans, they stand out as one of the communities
that has best dealt with its integration.

Touchier and more distant are relations between Mauritanians and
Ivorians. Two factors seem to underlie these problems. The first
has to do with the fact that the Mauritanians themselves come from
a country where the abolition of Black slavery occurred all too
recently. Those of them who have moved into Ivory Coast, generally
very light-skinned, tend to take a cold and haughty attitude, which
makes it impossible for them to establish friendly relations with
the Ivorians.

The source of the second factor is more practical: Mauritanians
have taken over all the neighborhood retail shops. If you need

a loaf of bread, or cigarettes, or soap, or a sponge, some milk or
a pack of razor blades, you "run over to the Mauritanian," just

as the Frenchman runs down to the grocer's.

Albert Bouabre, a salesman for a big company in Abidjan, speaks
for the average Ivorian: "Nobody knows how they do it, but the
minute they open up a neighborhood shop, it prospers immediately;
the wholesalers give them fine service, and if an Ivorian should
open up a shop next door, he wouldn't have a chance."

Are they really such gifted shopkeepers? Not everybody thinks so.
Some say that the Mauretanians get special favors. Want proof?
Their shops, one hears, are always in the best spots, especially

in neighborhoods built by SICOGI and SOGEFHIA, the two biggest Ivo-
rian construction companies. That is not altogether untrue.

Malaise

Upshot: one afternoon an argument breaks out between a Mauritanian
shopkeeper and a young Ivorian -- this was early in 1980). The
youth was seriously injured in the altercation. Beginning next
morning, several shops were "sacked and looted by the local Abidja-~
nese population, and several Mauritanians were seriously threa-
tened or molested. For several days, their shops stayed shuttered."

"Ten years earlier, the Nagos (Nigerian nationals) were treated
much the same," recalls a young Ivorian executive, with a grin.
"It was because they owned a whole slice of small neighborhood
trade, thereby fueling a sense of frustration among the poorer
residents that needed only the flimsiest pretext to explode into

violence. In the wake of a minor dust-up, their shops were looted
and sacked."

28



[Answer] First of all, South Africa offers us a market in which we can sell
what we produce. Secondly, through middlemen, we can receive those things
that our friends send us...and we receive gasoline that we don't have to pay
for. That is, by the way, the only thing that we receive for nothing. And
when we have badly wounded who cannot be treated in our hospital, they are
transported to South Africa.

[Question] But how do you explain this goodwill towards UNITA on the part of
South Africa?

[Answer] The South Africans understand that we try to fit in. The situation
has changed in this region, and the realities, too. We want to see the
realities as they exist, even when it costs us to do so.

[Question] Certainly the South African support has a political price. Is
there an agreement between UNITA and Pretoria that no ANC and SWAPO bases
would be allowed to be established on Angolan soil if you come into power?

[Answer] No, the ANC issue was not once discussed with us because Pretoria
knows that we do not work with that organization. We know Nelson Mandela,
Oliver Tambo, etc very well, but on the other hand, there was never any
sympathy for the ANC. I do believe that all people have the right to choose
their own method for liberation. That also holds true for the ANC. But I
also do not believe that the armed conflict in South Africa is going anywhere.
It's leading into a dead end.

[Question] Does this mean that UNITA opposes the existence of an anti-
apartheid movement in South Africa?

[Answer] No, they can certainly continue. It's just that they will not
achieve anything. I believe that Pretoria is already making certain headway
that, if it were understood by the African strategists, would make it possible
to achieve a solution for the blacks in South Africa.

[Question] Is UNITA using the South African presence in the southern Angolan
area of Cunere to act as, you might say, an infiltration corridor?

[Answer] No, that's what the MPLA claim. In Cunene our base is very strong.

[Question] UNITA is receiving the greatest portion of its food supplies,

weapons, and munitions over the border from Namibia. What would happen if
the UN Resolution 435 were to go into effect? The one demanding that this
territory remain independent?

[Answer] We would have other options. That depends entirely on the wishes
of South Africa and the other countries that support us. UNITA already has
certain infrastructures and has access to liberated areas. And also with
the UN's 2,000 stationed soldiers, these countries could bring the material
here, perhaps not 250 tons at one time. Then everything would take a little
longer. Don't you believe that a Hercules C-130 could land here?



JPRS-SSA-85-031.
16 April 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

EEC AID--Nigeria is to receive about 150 million naira aid from the REC for
agriculture, desertification and drought control. This was announced in
Kaduna today by the community's director general. in charge of development, Dr
J. R. (Pujie), when he called on Governor Usman Muazu. Dr (Pujie) said the
commissioned had (?retraced) the application for agricultural. [passage in-
distinct].

TRADE SURPLUS WITIL EEC--Lagos, 28 Mar (NAN/PANA)--Nigeria recorded a trade
surplus of about 3.5 million dollars against the European Feonomic Community
(HEC) in the first six months of last year, the director-general for develop-
ment at the EEC, Dr Dicter Frisch, said in Lagos yesterday. He told newsmen
that Nigeria also recorded a trade surplus of about 3 billion {figures as
received] dollars with the community in 1983. ile said that the growing trade
deficit by the EEC would be overcome, adding that Nigeria and the community
were already holding talks on joint ventures in financial and agricultural
projects. ‘The director-general added that the EEC would help Nigeria to solve
problems of desert encroachment, road development and water supply. The EEC
was prepared to grant soft loans totaling about 1.8 million dollars to enable
the government to set up small-scale agricultural companies in certain areas
of the country, he said, adding that 1 percent interest would be charged

on the loan and that a 40-year grace period would be allowed. [Text]

[Dakar PANA in English 1735 GMT 28 Mar 85 AB

BANNED PARTY CHAIRMAN WANTED--Bauchi, 28 Mar (NAN)~-The chairman of the Pro-
scribed Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) in Baucht, Alhaji Bappa Ahmed, has been
declared wanted by the police for allegedly embezzling N130,000 belonging to
the party. A police statement issued yesterday in Bauchi, said that the amount
was dubiously collected and m ppropriated by Alhaji Bappa during the last
electioneering campaign in the state. The statement advised Alhaji Bappa to
report inmediately to the special investigation panel, set up by the state
government for further directives. [Text] [Lagos NAN in English 1250 GMT

28 Mar 85 AB]

43



[Answer] In Lisbon and in Frankfurt...Portuguese individuals are always
informed, yes, they could only come about through Portuguese middlemen.

UNITA and South Africa

[Question] Is it right that South Africa supports UNITA in order to achieve
something in Angola or in Namibia?

Africa's assistance always came later than the other countries! It was
certainly later than the support from Arabic countries. They had founded
the "Safar Club". It had quite a bit of money. Every member paid up to
$50 million in the general fund.

|
[Answer] We could also receive support from other countries as well! South |
|

[Question] Just to finance UNITA?

[Answer] No, they also have other projects but UNITA has top priority. After
that we negotiated first with South Africa so that it would receive the material
and forward it to us...

[Question] Where does UNITA stand regarding apartheid?

[Answer] We are against apartheid and South Africa knows it. It's no secret
to anyone.

[Question] Many African countries criticize UNITA because of its lack of
solidarity in the anti-apartheid movement.

[Answer] Groundlessly. An anti-apartheid demonstration in London makes no
sense because the British investments comprise millions of dollars in spite
of this. For that reason Pretoria doesn't concern itself with demonstrations
like that. However, we are dealing directly with the South Africans and say,
"The reform policies that you are undertaking there to let in Colored and
Indians, is this the end or the beginning of a reform policy?" For we are
concerned that the black remain excluded.

[Question] And what do the South Africans reply?

[Answer] They clearly say that it is the beginning and that the situation in
South Africa is very difficult. They say they did not discover apartheid but
inherited it. In order to abolish it, they need time, etcetera. We under-
stand that. Even Botha's party is under pressure from radical conservatives
that will not accept the slightest change. Botha told us that he has very
serious problems and that he would gladly create a situation that would
enable his successors to go beyond his policies. We are ina much better
situation with regard to the criticism on apartheid than the others. We are
speaking with the South Africans.

[Question] On the whole, then, how does it look in regard to UNITA's ties
with Pretoria?



JPRS-SSA.-g5. 03.
=
16 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

LISBON: MOZAMBIQUE APPEALS FOR AID FOLLOWING POWER LINE DAMAGE
LD280026 Lisbon Domestic Service in Portuguese 2330 GMI 27 Mar 85

[Text] Bad weather in southern Mozambique has brought down over 30 high-
tension pylons in that part of the country and disrupted all power supplies
to the capital, Maputo.

At the end of today's meeting of the Council of Ministers, the Mozambique
Government issued a communique appealing to the international community
for help in the face of this new calamity hitting the south of the country,
particularly the Maputo region.

The government has urged the population to save energy and stressed that
in view of the magnitude of the damage, restrictions will continue for an
indefinite period of time.

The high-tension pylons brought down are part of the power line running
from Cabora~Bassa.

The disruption of power supplies to Maputo has been the subject of speculation
and attributed to possible sabotage attacks by Renamo [Mozambique national
resistance].

CSO: 3442/228-F

37



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

UGANDA

OBOTE CALLS FOR MANDATORY SANCTIONS AGAINST RSA
EA231944 Kampala Domestic Service in Knglish 1000 GMT 23 Mar 85

[Text] President Milton Obote has urged the UN Special Committee Against
Apartheid to ensure that racist South Africa 1s denied all forms of inter-
national support.

In a special message delivered to the chairman of the special committee on
the occasion of the observance of the h anniversary of the Sharpeville
Massacre at the Un headquarters in New York, the president said apartheid
must be dismantled because it cannot be reformed. In this regard Dr Obote
called upon the international community to rededicate itself to the struggle
for the total elimination of apartheid and all forms of racial discrimina-
tions. The president reiterated Uganda's stand that comprehensive mandatory
sanctions must be imposed against South Africa in accordance with Chapter 7
of the UN Charter,

Dr Obote rejected the so-called new constitutional reforms of the South
African racist regime which he said are aimed at perpetuating apartheid and
breaking the backbone of the united struggle of the South African people against
racist oppression. lle commended the people of South Africa for having massive-
ly rejected the sham constitutional reforms. Dr Obote noted that apartheid
South Africa perpetuates racist oppression and aggression because of the econ-
omic and military assistance she obtained from her Eastern [as heard] friends.
The committee, he said, should prevail on these friends of apartheid South
Africa to discontinue rendering comfort to that regime. Dr Obote noted with
satisfaction the emergence of the free South Africa movement in the USA which
has given impetus to the campaign against the current UJS. policy of construc-
tive engagement. towards South Africa.

CSO: 3400/8115

117



ECONOMIC TIES WITH LIBYA, CUBA DISCUSSED

JPRS-SSA-85 -031
16 April. 1985

GHANA

London TALKING DRUMS in English Vol 2, No 25, 25 Mar 85 p 5

[Letter to editor by Y. Salifu]

[Text]

anank you for the publication on
Ghana-Libya Cooperation which
appeared in the Talking Drums, March
4, 1985. As a Ghanaian, I feel greatly
disturbed about the way in which the
PNDC Government is experimenting
with the economic development of
Ghana.

A case in point is the co-operation
agreement between Ghana and Libya
for the establishment of a holding
company to undertake forestry and
wood processing, haulage
transportation and exploitation of gold

deposits in Ghana. One would have ©

thought that Libya which is one of the
leading producers of oil could have
assisted Ghana better in the
development and exploitation of
Ghana’s oil and petroleum resources if
Libya proffered genuine friendship
with Ghana.

It is known that Libya has no forest
lands and gold deposits to be able to
acquire the requisite expertise in the
management of these resources.
Haulage trucks and tankers are also
not manufactured in Libya, and
therefore it cannot be expected to help
Ghana in the development of these
economic sectors in the true sense of
the word.

16

What the co-operation agreement
may entail is that Libya will procure
the haulage trucks, tankers, plant and
machinery from the Western countries
and sell them to Ghana at inflated
prices under suppliers’ credit
arrangement with compound interest.

It will be interesting to see Libya’s
quotations for all the items which will
be supplied to Ghana for the joint
venture scheme and compare them
with the manufacturers own selling
prices. The differences in the prices will
show the extent to which Libya is
committed to the economic progress of
Ghana.

Sometime ago, the PNDC
Government was alleged to be
negotiating for the supply of 3,000
Cuban troops to be stationed in the
Northern part of Ghana. We are aware
that Cuba, a staunch friend of the
PNDC Government is a major
producer of sugar. Since Ghana has
horrendous production problems with
its sugar industry located at Komenda
and Asutuare in the Southern part of
the country, it would have been
understandable if the troops were to
stay at these*places to assist in the
cultivation of sugar cane to feed the



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

ITALIAN AID TO REFUGEES--The Italian Government has given six vehicles

to the Botswana Government to increase the means of transport for political
refugees at the Dukwe refugee camp. The keys of the vehicles, four trucks
and two ambulances, were presented to the undersecretary in the office of
the president, Mr Forster Kokoret, by the commercial attache in the Italian
embassy based in Lusaka, Dr Colela, at a ceremony in Gaborone yesterday.
Making the presentation, Dr Colela said that the Italian authorities had
decided to grant extraordinary emergency aid consisting of the vehicles,

as well as substantial number of spare parts, to assist the Botswana
Government in the humanitarian effort of caring for refugees. Dr Colela
expressed the hope that the vehicles would go a long way in assisting the
government to solve the problems of refugees at Dukwe. He added that Italy
had in the past responded to emergency appeals from Botswana. He noted
that Italy had granted a supply of pharmaceutical and veterinary equipment
toward the drought relief program in Botswana. Dr Colela further said

that Italy would grant $1.5 million over a period of 5 years to the Botswana
Government toward the establishment of a Southern African Center for
Cooperation in Agricultural Research at Sabele. [Text] [Gaborone Domestic
Service in English 1110 GMT 26 Mar 85]

cso: 3400/869-F

1



Effects of Disinvestment on Blacks Weighed
(Phillip Van Niekerk; RAND DAILY MAIL, 22 Mar 85) weeeeee

Impact of Disinvestment on Black Employment Examined
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 22 Mar 85) ceceecescececeseesererscsees

Suspension of Classes in East Rand Schools Lifted
(Mzikayise Edom; THE SOWETAN, 13 Mar 85) ..sceseeeeeeees

Katlehong Council Buys Firearms
(THE SOWETAN, 22 Mar 85) sececeevcecccvceececessseecesers

Privately Owned Firearms Swell to 2 Million
(David Breier; THE SUNDAY STAR, 17 Mar 85) ssseeeeeeeveee

Italian Oil Firm Increases Investment
(Don Robertson; SUNDAY TIMES, 17 Mar 85) ssssseeeeeeseece

UCT Principal Concerned Over Dawn Arrests
(THE CITIZEN, 26 Mar 85) cocesesecceccccvcssccceceesesere

Briefs
PRC Maize Imported
Indian MPs' Consortium
Economic Growth Rate
PWV Growth
Argus Defeats SAAN
NIP Manifesto
Counter-Action Organized Against Disinvestment
Crime Increase of 9.39 Percent
MPS Paid To Live at Home
Coloured Farmers' Allocation
Veteran SAAF War Pilot Retires
Bank To Stop Loans
Indian Affairs Budget
Indian Education Probe
Mixed Marriages
Seven Contest PE Seats

UGANDA
Obote Calls for Mandatory Sanctions Against RSA
(Kampala Domestic Service, 23 Mar 85) ...see-
ZAMBIA
Tazara Closes Line as Debt Soars
(THE CITIZEN, 23 Mar 85) seveceececseccsereversescceececs
ZIMBABWE

Briefs
Dissidents Abjuct Councillors

-e-

102

104

106

107

108

109

110

1il
111
111
112
112
112
113
113
114
114
114
115
115
115
115
116

117

118

119



KATLEHONG COUNCIL BUYS FIREARMS

Johannesburg THE SOWETAN in English 22 Mar 85 p 4

[Text]

cso:

3400/876

THE Katlehong Town
Council has bought more
than 60 shotguns worth
about R48 000 for use in
the control of rioting in
the township in the near
future.

Reliable sources close
to the council informed
The SOWETAN yester-
day that the guns were
purchased a few weeks

:8g0.

Our sources also said

“the guns will be used by
«the 120 policemen who

will be -hired by the
council.

The SOWETAN was
also told that the coun-

cillors “granted” them-
selves 50 residential and
business sites in the past
few months, without ad-
vertising the sites to the.
public.

Mr SS Lukhele, the
new mayor of Katle-
hong, refused to discuss
the isste. He said the
council will be meeting
soon to discuss the mat-
teranda Press
statement will be issued
thereafter.

107

Mr Lukhele also den-
ied that the councillors
had granted themselves
the 50 sites.

He said: “There is
nothing like that and if a
councillor is granted a
site he applies first and
is interviewed by the
council. like any other
member of the com-
munity.”

The Katlehong Town
Council decided to buy
the shotguns last year in
September, according to
minutes in the posses-
sion of The SOWETAN.
According to the min-
utes the firearms will be
kept at the local offices
of the council and will
mainly be used during
the disturbances in the
township.

Our sources said the
council had also decided
that in case there are no
tiots in the township,
the shotguns will be
used by the council po-
licemen.

JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS~SSA-85~031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT URGES SPENDING CUTS, PRIVATE SECTOR HESITATES
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 7 Mar 85 p 10

(Report by our economic editorial staff: "Salaries, Bonuses: Private Sector
Still Uncertain"]

[Text] The private sector was still very uncertain yesterday about the

state of its salaries and especially bonuses for the rest of this year.

It is being questioned by various parties whether the private sector can
indeed make further sacrifices in that context.

Mr Pierre Steyn, the designate executive director of SANLAM [South African
National Life Assurance Company], told DIE BURGER that decisions still have
to be made in that context.

Uncertainty also prevails as to what will happen to thirteenth checks [extra
month] and bonuses, but currently there are certain categories in which the
public sector is ahead and which will be taken into consideration in the
future,

SANLAM will definitely follow the example of the government and keep wage
increases low this year, he said.

Mr Tom Morse, personnel director of Ou Mutual, said that although his company
supports the fight against inflation, in determining wages it must also take
into account the position of its own personnel as well as the prevailing
situation in the labor market.

Mr Brian MacLeod, director of the Cape Town Chamber of Commerce, said that
the feeling of members of his organization is that the private sector already
has had to make many sacrifices and that expecting additional sacrifices

is asking too much,

The public sector is causing a stir because it is losing only part of its
bonuses, whereas many workers in the private sector cannot expect anything.

It must be borne in mind that the private sector can pay bonuses only if

the company has prospered in the year in question, and that is unlikely in
the current economic climate.

66



JPRS-SSA~85-031
16 April 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

MARITIME ACADEMY GRADUATES--On 11 December 40 cadets at the regional
maritime academy in Accra received their diplomas and were called
upon to put their knowledge and skills at the service of their coun-
tries. Addressing the graduates: 36 Ghanians, six Cameroonese,
three Nigerians, and an Indian, Egyptian Rear Admiral Samin Ibrahim
said that the main objective at the academy was to provide a regular
contingent of highly-trained maritime personnel. The director
announced that, to this end, the academy would be modernized. It

is jointly operated by Ghana, Gambia, Cameroon, Liberia, and Sierra

Leone. [Text ][ Paris AFRIQUE DEFENCE in French Feb 85 No 83,p 17]
6182.

AUSTRALIA TO CLOSE MISSION--Australia is closing its High Commission in
Accra. Radio Ghana quoted the Australian High Commissioner Geoffrey Allen
as telling Flt-Lt Rawlings that the closure was for economic reasons. He
said that Australian assistance to Ghana would continue through the High
Commission in Lagos. [Text] [London TALKING DRUMS in English Vol 2,

No 25, 25 Mar 85 p 23]

cso: 3400/878

21



[Answer] Certainly it is a front, a movement and not a party.

[Question] Does it then not run the risk of falling apart when it comes into
power?

[Answer] This risk always exists. But we must go beyond our Angolan situation.
It is a lesson to us--today the lesson of national. liberation and tomorrow that
of governing. The essential factor at the moment is the struggle against the
Cubans and the attempt to form a common front with the MPLA, to mobilize the
farmers, to raise an army... That is a type of bare bones program. Even now
we would not be able to discuss thoroughly all of Angolan society...

[Question] There are just two words on UNITA's emblem. "Negritude" is one
of them. Is that not apartheid with reversed premises?

[Answer] I don't believe that Aime Cesaire and Leopold Senghor who introduced
that word, "negritude," in the political and philosophic dictionary could be
considered racists. ‘Aime Cesaire was of mixed blood and Senghor was married
to a white... The way we use it in Angola, it means our common cultural
heritage. Otherwise we would have nothing against assimilation...

[Question] The second word is "socialism." Does UNITA then consider itself
a socialist movement?

[Answer] Yes, we are a socialist movement. But socialism must be interpreted
relative to the form and capacity of human production in each individual
country. Even when the key principles are the same, Portuguese socialism

is certainly different from the French! We are for socialism because it is
necessary to nationalize production. Only in this way can values be instilled
in people.

[Question] Does that mean a state controlled economy?

[Answer] We would like a mixed economy, not a fully collective one. We do
not have enough cadre; for that one needs a very long political indoctrination.
A bus driver with no political education, for example, would not care if his
bus broke down because it belongs to the state...

[Question] And what would be the priorities in the first years?

[Answer] In the first place, stands agriculture, then the creation of a
market which implies peace in the streets. You see, if we do not succeed in
creating a market, then the agriculture would also bring us nothing.

[Question] A few retornados (Portuguese refugees from Africa) look to UNITA
with great hope. Could you give them any guarantees?

[Answer] We are encouraging them through contacts that we have in Portugal...
It is in the interests of all Angolans that the Portuguese return. But in an
open dialogue and with a different mentality that understands that Angola is
now an independent country. When peace reigns once again in Angola, then the
Portuguese who consider Angola their homeland (and many of them were and are
respectable people) will come back...



Even so, the French play a healthy role in the country's develop-
ment, at the level of technical cooperation where their input is
considerable, particularly in secondary and technical training.
They do a good job; too, in military cooperation. Despite the
recession and the hard jobs market, the French presence is as dy-
namic as ever. Besides, the recession has allowed the French
companies to review their trading and industrial strategies, and
to keep their position as unchallenged masters of the Ivorian
market.

It is always best to describe things as they really are: the Le-
banese are most unwelcome in Ivory Coast. Theirs is the alien pre-
sence most deeply resented by Ivorians.

The Lebanese? In Ivory Coast, that word is a synonym for "corrup-
tion," for "deal-cutters," for "bribe-passers," for "cheats"...

you name it. The moment anybody mentions "fraud" in Ivory Coast,
listeners instantly think "Lebanese." They are perceived as frauds
who pay no taxes, as smugglers, who pay no customs duties.

The Lebanese in Ivory Coast today make up a very dynamic and very
close-knit community.

Beginning as petty exchange-dealers under the colonial government,
then moving into wholesale and cut-rate trading, the Lebanese have
become skilled and knowledgeable businessmen and highly competi-
tive industrialists. As the sixth-ranking investment group in 1978,
the Lebanese community today holds second place with its 165 indus-
trial firms covering almost every area of enterprise. They have
the total confidence of the banks, which never hesitate at giving
them loans very few Ivorian businessmen could hope for. They are
giving the French savage competition, especially in the areas of
industry and construction. None but the French companies, these
days, can stay ahead of them in Ivory Coast.

26



In the latter country the funds are ap-
rently provided by the Hans Seidel
‘oundation, linked to the CSU of Franz
Joseph Strauss. This is the same founda-

tion which has pumped in millions of
rands into the ocratic Turnhalle
‘Alliance (DTA) in Namibia and bought
two newspapers in Windhoek in 1978.

It is highly significant to note that all
these financial and other sponsors of
Renamo belong to the international
lobby which Pretoria would call
“friends” of South Africa. Various SA
Government departments and key
individuals have over the years
developed the closest relationship with
them.

Internationally, a number of countries
with embassies in Maputo are watching
the situation like hawks. These include
the US, France, China, Portugal and the
Soviet Union.

‘One myth that has to be demolished
immediately is that the Russians are

waiting for Nkomati to break down so

they can move in, or that Moscow is aj

plying pressure on Mozambique to with-
"aw.

Claims to that effect by some military
instances in South Africa show total
ignorance of the real politics of the
region, or it is deliberately. Malicious,
intended to create — without
justification — an atmosphere of
continued hawkishness toward
Mozambique and tacit support or
sympathy for Renamo.

Perhaps one of the outstanding, yet
untold, achievements of Nkomati has
been that it destroyed the myth of the
“total onslaught” against South Africa
_conceived and manipulated by Moscow,
with Angola and Mozambique the two
faithful rubberstamp tools.

3400/888

95

The fact is that remo, as an African
Marxist movement, has always been
fiercely proud of its independent stand
from Moscow. Ever since my first
discussion with Frelimo leaders at the
third in February 1977, this
point has rn

And over the years there have been
numerous examples and incidents illus-
trating this claim and fundamental disa-

reements between Maputo and
loscow.

Claims now about a “new line” by
Frelimo and its “pro-West attitudes” ~
show total misunderstanding about the
nature of Frelimo. And senior Western
diplomats I spoke to in Maputo are con-
vinced that the Soviet Union does not

- want to be drawn into Mozambique or

South Africa.

However, the Soviets could become
more deeply involved when Mozambique
totally reorganises its army to enable it
to fight an effective counter-guerilla
war. .

For this it would have to rely heavily
on the Soviet Union, which could in-
crease Russian presence and involve-
ment, basically against the wishes of
Frelimo.

In view of the above, one can under-
stand the recent remarks to me by a
member of the Frelimo Politburo: “It
will not serve the interests of South
Africa to allow a chaotic situation to ”
develop here. Whilst the Soviets may'not
‘want to become involved, their prestige,
too, is at stake, es) lly if it seems
that they are leaving in the lurch a
country which is their ally.

“Such greater Soviet involvement will
be contrary to South African and US ef-
forts to counter Soviet influence in South

rica.”



Economic sanctions will undoubtedly be harmful to South Africa's ability
to effect changes in a peaceful manner. The solutions which the country
seeks cost money.

"Since we already do not have enough work opportunities for everyone and,
moreover, we have to carry the burden of the hundreds of thousands of people
from neighboring countries who come here to work, the loss of a job opportu-
nity is a serious matter. A black person is the provider for five to six
persons,

About 14 countries are "substantially or even critically" dependent on South
Africa. "Just one example: If you buy a Krugerrand in New York for $350
(728 Rands), $49 (101.92 Rands) of that goes to the family of a mine worker
from Lesotho, and altogether there are 104,000 of those workers in South
Africa. Lesotho gets 51 percent of its gross national income from those
workers."

Frustration

The disinvestment campaign--a strategy, and not a goal in itself-~must be
seen in the light of prevailing political tendencies in the United States.

After the most recent presidential election, many frustrations arose among
black Americans who thought they had not achieved anything. The Democrats
are defeated and divided. Moreover, their leader--the honorable Jesse
Jackson, has not achieved anything whatsoever.

Lever

Those who conduct the campaign are largely groups who need a controversial
issue in order to find a common denominator. As a result, South Africa has
become somethingof a political football.

The disinvestment advocates cannot be seen as a sort of coalition in the
sense of there being agreement on most issues, They cover a range from

a few elements within the Republican Party on the one hand, as well as the
majority of the democratic legislators, to pressure groups such as TransAfrica
and, all the way to the left, the ANC and PAC.

They have two common denominators: Distaste for South Africa's domestic
policy--or at least as it is seen by them--and the decision to utilize an
economic lever.

It is important to differentiate between the motives for that step. Most
of those groups are composed of people who say that economic measures are
the "peaceful alternative" to violence.

Only a minority of radical elements thinks that a climate for revolution
should be created.

88



[Question] You are weighing the thought of the return of the Portuguese in
order to reduce the shortage of experts. And what of their property? Will
that also be the same as previously?

[Answer] Even the great financial capital can come back! But then even the
Americans would come and then there would be competition.

[Question] But what's the outlook on the political freedom of expression?

[Answer] We cannot dream. The Angola that we would like to see would be one
in which UNITA by itself would control the power, in that our party program
would be the national program. But that's not possible. We must accept the
situation in Angola as it is, that is, there would be a plural party system--
two, three or four parties. But there must be parties organized in line with
the majority of the members.

[Question] If UNITA were to come to power by virtue of its own strength,
would there then be free elections?

[Answer] Of course! We would not be satisfied governing like the MPLA.

[Question] But would UNITA, which has fought for so many years to gain power,
give up that power through a plebiscite?

[Answer] But we do not want to win the armed conflict just to turn around
and have to continue it! For that reason there must be a coalition, inde-
pendent of the results of the election. I doubt. that the MPLA will receive
a majority. It does not have the ability to mobilize the people, quite in
contrast to us--UNITA...

12348
cso: 3420/39



However, it is important to note that
the present crisis about Nkomati
involves far more than just the Renamo-
South Africa link, There are a number of
important dimensions which reflect the
domestic and international

-ramifications of the accord.

First, Mozambican-South African re-
lations, particularly the philosophy and
strategy of the Frelimo Government in
this regard.

Secondly, the international network of
support for Renamo across four
continents. .

Thirdly, the international interest,
intrigue and manoeuvring around the
accord,

It is crucial to understand that
President Samora Machel had far more
in mind with the Nkomati Accord than
the destruction of Renamo which would
enable his country to make an economic
recovery.

It reflects the Frelimo view on South
Africa, the whites and the Afrikaner in
particular. It is not seen as a colonialist
situation, often to the anger of the ANC
and Frontline states such as Tanzania.

The Afrikaners are seen as people
who, like President Machel himself and
millions of Africans, came from peasant
stock, and are here to stay. In fact,
some Frelimo Cabinet Ministers and of-
ficials are at present reading “The
Covenant” by James Michener. They
told me that for the first time they
understood the religious feeling of the
Afrikaner and his fears for group
survival.

Differing fundamentally from the
ANC on the issue of an “armed struggle
of liberation” from outside South Africa,
Frelimo believes in a solution evolv-
ing from inside SA, involving compro-
‘mises.

I n‘ terms of broad Strategy, the
Frelimo Government, therefore, had
three aims in mind with Nkomati:

@ It wanted to de-internationalise the
East-West conflict in Southern Africa by
keeping the United States and Soviet
Union out of the regional conflict. This
has been largely achieved.

@ It wanted the removal of large
numbers of South African military
forces from her borders — which was
seen as a threat to her sovereignty. This,
too, has happened. .

@ By signing the accord with maximum
publicity, giving South Africa tremen-
dous international credibility, Frelimo

94

wanted to ensure two things: to remove
all further excuses for South Africa to
“destabilise” its neighbouring states.
Once that happened the focus would re
vert back to the domestic situation in-
side South Africa. And it would then be-
come clear that the domestic apartheid
Policy and nothing else was ultimately
responsible for the tension in the region.

It was hoped that a successful Nkoma-
ti would create a new atmosphere in
South Africa and provide confidence to
President Botha to initiate new radical
changes.

Frelimo claims that without Nkomati
the Lusaka agreement with Angola,
which produced the Joint Monitoring
Commission, would not have been possi-

ie.

Moreover, Nkomati and the contin-
uous public meetings between Marxist
Frelimo and National Party leaders pre-
pared the public climate for Mr Botha’s
dramatic and historic statement to re-
lease Nelson Mandela and to talk to the
ANC under certain conditions — a reyo-
Jutionary departure from NP strategy
over 25 years.

And today President Machel believes
that if such talks should materialise in
the future, it would be vital to have at
hand a neighbouring state such as Mo-
zambique which has an understanding.
and sympathy for the historic positions
of both the NP and the ANC.

‘Concerning the position of Renamo,
Frelimo admits that even if Pretoria
should destroy its South African links,
the movement would still be supported
from all over the world in a kind of
zealous anti-Marxist drive.

Three months ago I revealed for the
first. time that Renamo receives supplies
from the Comores Islands several
hundred kilometres away from the
Mozambican coast. These supplies come
via Somalia from Saudi Arabia.

This support is prompted by allega-
tions of the oppression of the Muslim re-
ligion in Mozambique, which has a large

luslim population in the central and
northern parts.

M...: and Israel also fea-

ture in the picture. According to Mo-
zambican intelligence, several hundred
Renamo fighters are been trained se-
cretly in police camps in remote areas
in Malawi. Training is under control of
Israel.

Renamo is financially supported by
rightwing financiers in Brazi} and Portu-
gal — with former Mozambican connec-
tions — the United States and West Ger-
many,



JPRS-SSA-85-031.
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW TECH REPLACES ELECTRONICS WORKERS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 Mar 85 p 9

[Text] .
About 500 workers at a ment production present-
major electronics com- ly being phased out is
pany in the Pretoria area highly labour-intensive
are to lose their jobs due and the new printed elec-
-to new technology. tronic circuitry we make
The fected by th is far less so.”
ose affectes ie
switchover to medern The severance pay
electronic telephone package includes | four
equipment include main- weeks’ wages in lieu of
ly unskilled, semi-skilled notice, an additional
and administrative em- week’s pay for each year
ployees at the Siemens of service ne banca
- ni aj
Le reesboert and Walt each year of service over |
. 10 years.
70 BE AXED Attempts are also
- Roughly 200 coloured being made to place
people (half the coloured workers with other com-'
labour | component), 30 panies and Siemens is
percent of the black force probing ways of offering
(almost 300) and about 50 redundant workers train-
white wage and salaried ing courses for alterna-
staff will be axed in the tive employment.

next few weeks. Courses are being of-

To soften the blow Sie- fered at the Government
mens has called for vol- In-service Training Cen-
untary redundancies. tre in Waltloo.

About 50 People have At the same time, Sie-
m interest in us
offer so far. mens has about 30 posts

available for skilled tech-

A Siemens spokesman nicians and engineers.

said: “It is unfortunate Part of the modernisa-
that this move has come tion will also mean the
at the time of an econom- closure of the Koedoes-
ic downswing, but these poort factory, where
redundancies are not re- pre-assembly of the old
lated to economic consid- telephone equipment took
erations. place. New buildings will

“The telephone equip- be constructed at the site.

CsO: 3400/908

99



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

BANK TO STOP LOANS--The First National Bank of Boston is to stop granting
loans or issuing lines of credit to private banks in South Africa because

of the country's policies. A spokesman for the bank, Mr Wayne Taylor,

said in a statement that the policy would come into effect immediately.

He said the total amount of Bank of Boston loans to nine South African banks
was now about 150 million rand. Mr Taylor also said that existing loans

to private South African banks by the bank expired by the middle of next year.
[Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 26 Mar 85]

INDIAN AFFAIRS BUDGET--House of Delegates--The Indian "Own Affairs" Budget
of under R600-million was inadequate to meet the community's requirements,
Mr Ismail Kathrada (Sol Verulam), said. Speaking in the debate on the
Appropriation Bill, he said the Minister of the Budget (Mr Boetie Abramjee)
should go back to the Minister of Finance (Mr Barend du Plessis) and demand
a bigger allocation of money for the administration of Indian affairs.

Mr Ahomed Lambat (Ind, Actonville), said the Budget had to be seen in the
light of the current depressed economy, and the country would save a lot
of money by scrapping the tricameral system in favour of a single parlia-
ment for all races. He objected to the state cutting down on the 13th
cheque bonus to civil servants to save money, he said. The leader of the
official opposition, Dr Jagaram Reddy, said he wished to pay tribute to
the Minister of the Budget on the presentation his first Budget-~but with
reservations. [Excerpt] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Mar 85

p 4)

INDIAN EDUCATION PROBE--House of Delegates~~The time had come for the insti-
tution of a thorough investigation into Indian education in South Africa,
the Leader of the Opposition Solidarity Party in the House of Delegates,

Dr J.N. Reddy, said. Speaking in the resumed Second Reading Debate on the
Budget, Dr Reddy said such an investigation was necessary so that Indian
students could know where they stood. "We don't want them to come out ade-
quately trained and find out that there is no work for them." He believed
the structures existed to help the students. Dr Reddy said he felt, also,
that Indian members should not sit in Parliament merely to find fault with
the priorities, but rather to contribute to establishing them.--Sapa [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Mar 85 p 4]

MIXED MARRIAGES--There are "very good reasons" for repealing the Mixed
Marriages Act but these have nothing to do with suggestions that Whites are
in any case "Coloured" by the inclusion of other blood, says. the National
Party organ, the Nationalist. Commenting on Groep Sonder Grense, Dr Hans
Heese's book about racial mixing in the 18th century, the Nationalist said
it was unacceptable that fistfights should occur at city council meetings
over a claim by one member that he was of a whiter shade than another.

“What counts is the acceptance of people as members of their respective
communities and not whether they picked up a drop of ‘otherblood' somewhere
along the road," the article said. The issue was whether established tradi-
tions and customs required legal sanctions or not. "The question is whether
measures such as the Mixed Marriages Act still serve a useful purpose,
particularly as they are perceived to be denigrating certain population
groups. "The National Party's approach is that their abolition may be
considered provided this does not break down the continued social, education
and constitutional order based on the reality that the South African social
order is arranged in the context of groups." [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 27 Mar 85 p 3]

115



UPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CONSTRUCTION THREATENED BY STATE'S IN-HOUSE WORK

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 17 Mar 85 p 3

[Article by Alec Hogg]

[Text]
4 .
THE construction in- ‘State bodies’ in-house
construction arms have
dustry, hammered by grown sharply in recent
recession, faces an- years and now take RI 000-
other threat — bur- Million of business from the
geoning Government Private sector.
construction. Growing
‘The civil-engineering. sec-
Wesple in the Ge? boom, has of all Government Tee ine
: ym, has vernment fixed-in-
Jobe for ‘only, 90 000 today. vestment work and the figure
Matters will get worse as is ving.”
the State undertakes more of major problem is that
its own contracts. This year State departments’ account-
the private sector's slice of ing make it easy to
the State capital spending convince cabinet ministers
cake has dropped by 15%. that keeping the business in-
Conflict house Is cheaper than con-
onflic racing It ou
and machinery are
In conflict with the offi. voted for and no allowance i
clal-free ente epartmnent 4 made for financing costs, an
and provincial administra- important factor to any pri-
tions Pare expanding their vate-sector operation, par-
construction actvities. Hieularly because of record
paisa colprits are the interest rates.
rtment of Water Af-
Ribs. provincial administra More costly
toto aan part “In addition, 8Uy visors
ma} ugh another
her ee account and their cost not be
noyed that the Transvaal Tine eojects on spe-
Provincial Administration “Tf these factors are in-
has spent R10-million on im- cluded, it can be proved that
ported construction machin- doing the work in-house is ef-
orlerner Aab, chairman of fectively man Jit out toten.
Concor and an executive on der. P i
the SA Federation of Civil “To us, time is money. In
Engineering Contractors, the public sector, construc-
told Business Times yester- tion units often try to keep
day: “This is entirely wrong. projects going for as long as
cso: 3400/908

62

possible to justify their exist-
ence, The shorter the period
ofp contract, the cheaper it

Mr Aab says the govern-
ment is buying equipment un-
necessarily." re is a large
surplus of machinery in
industry. Plant-hire com-
panies are falling like flies,

“It is irresponsible for
State bodies to buy plant,
most of it imported, when it
could 1 gupport ‘SA companies,
Imported plant not on! iy costs
foreign currency, but it cre-
ates no new jobs. -

“Most of these State bodies
have too much plant and ma-
chinery. You often see sites
where two or three machines
are standing idle ‘just in
case’. Privat tor engin-
eers could never afford this.”

Competitive

Mr Aab does not recom-
mend immediate closure of
State construction divisions
and retrenchments.

“A start must be made
somewhere. State bodies
should be forced to stop buy-
ing plant. The empires some
public servants have built
‘will run down.

“The civil-engineering sec-
tor is highly competitive. But
with the State taking an ever
increasing slice of the busi-
ness, all but the biggest com-
panies could be squeezed out
of the market.”



JPRS~SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SECRET DOCUMENT ON INTEGRATION OF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 20 Feb 85 p 1

[Text] South Africa stands at the threshold of a fully multiracial civil ser-
vice. The cabinet has decided that not only must Coloreds, Indians and blacks.
be employed in general affairs departments, but also that non-whites will be
able to fill posts in departments that handle whites-only matters.

A highly confidential document from the commission for administration, in
which guidelines for employment are given, has just come into the possession
of DIE AFRIKANER.

The document, entitled "Employment and utilization of the various population

groups in the civil service under the new political dispensation," was sent,

about the middle of last month, to the several administrations. It contains

complete instructions for the implementation of a fully integrated civil ser-
vice for South Africa.

The fact that the guidelines come directly from the cabinet is evident from
the very first paragraph: The cabinet has set down, at the recommendation of
the commission (for administration) revised policy guidelines pertaining to
the employment and utilization of personnel in the civil service, for imple-
mentation by administrators and department heads."

The commission points out that "under the new political dispensation there will
still be a single central civil service in the Republic of South Africa." All
“subjective favoritism and discrimination" must be eliminated from personnel
administration. "Insofar as general affairs departments are concerned, staff-
ing will be made from the ranks of whites, Indians and Coloreds, and in certain
circumstances, from those of blacks as well."

All population groups will henceforth have equal opportunity to aspire to ap-
pointments and promotion within general affairs departments. Accordingly, job
appointments have no direct connection with any population group, states the
document in question.

According to the guidelines of the commission, blacks may be appointed to jobs

in general affairs departments "if the specific service and manpower situation
warrants it." The conditions required for such appointments are adherence to

68



of the army as a class, meekly serving the interests of a cer-
tain class, that of the bourgeois. This means that we are at a
transition stage, a stage of change, I should say, a stage which
is characterized especially by the transition from a classic
type of army to a popular army in which defense becomes popular,
that is to say, everyone's business. Having said this, during
the whole transition phase, and even more so afterwards, one of
the wagers which our army must win is that at least of the bat-
tle for "stability." It must labor in such a way as to replace
our country's image of "instability" with one of "stability."
Fortunately, with us Burkinabe the army has only one goal: to
serve the people. Without any personal political ambitions, it
continues to cast out from its ranks soldiers and officers with
other ideas and all those who champion reactionary interests.
This is why it has refused and rejected people like Jean-Bap-
tiste Ouedraogo and a Some Yorian Gabriel; this is why no one
heeded their false alarm, and why the ignorant Saye Zerbo and
his CMRPN [Military Committee of Recovery for National Progress]
lost, and why, finally, the just line of the CSP [People's Sal-
vation Council] and of the people triumphed. Today, like tomor-
row or yesterday, the Burkinabe military, in the Burkinabe sense
of the word, only use their rifles to serve the people. This, in
my opinion, marks a difference from what prevailed before.

So much for the preliminaries. Now the revelation, The LIPAD/PAI
[Patriotic League for Development/African Independence Party]
was not behind the popular support marches organized on 20, 21
and 22 May 1983, i.e., the support marches made particularly for
the prime minister, Captain Thomas Sankara, and Major Lingani
and their comrades in the struggle. Contrary to the rumor spread
and the shameless lie developed by our trade union anarchists,
history will attest that it was the Burkinabe people which gave
its spontaneous support to the cause of the progressive wing of
the CSP because that wing was theoretically and practically
defending the same interests as the people.

The proof? No one will insult our valiant people by confusing
it, by limiting it to that obscure LIPAD/PAI with its limited
circle and restricted social position. In fact, the students,
scholars, workers and unemployed who demonstrated in the streets
of the capital or throughout the nation, these different social
strata, I say, never marched, walked under the banner of any
party, the LIPAD/PAI or any other. In the minds of the demon-
strators, it seems to me, it was a matter of a common struggle
of that progressive wing and the rest of the people against the
rightist wing and the feverish reaction stirred up by Jean~Bap~
tiste Ouedraogo's clique and Yorian. This clarification is un-
doubtedly an important one to make inasmuch as our LIPAD trade
union anarchists advance from confusion to confusion to obscure
the account and ascribe to themselves what they do not deserve.

The truth is that there were perhaps some LIPAD members among

13



JPRS-SSA-85-031

16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RIGHTS OF TRIBAL GROUPS TO CHOOSE OWN REPRESENTATIVES EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Mar 85 p 10

{Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text]

When the Minister of Co-operation
and Development, Dr Gerrit Vil-
joen, announced earlier this year
that South Africa had seen the last
of forced removals, communities
under threat of relocation looked
suspiciously for the catch. .

They latched on to the Minister’s
proviso that, where the leaders
agreed to it, communities would
still be moved.

Representatives of 21 communi-

‘ ties immediately asked: “What lead-

‘ers is the Government talking about
— the chiefs and ‘leaders’ they have
put over us, or our real leaders?”

This possible link between gov-
ernment-appointed leaders and re-
moval provoked special interest in
the recent court action by residents
of the “black spot” kwaNgema to
suspend their acting chief.

The judgment, handed down by
Mr Justice T T Spoelstra in the Pre-
toria Supreme Court on Wednesday,
is not good news for communities
fighting removal.

It suggests that, if the Govern-
ment were to use appointed “lead-
ers” to achieve removals, residents
would be hard put to block this by
dislodging such chiefs or headmen.

The judge dismissed, with costs,
the application by the Ngema Com-
mittee for an interdict temporarily
preventing Mr Cuthbert Ngema
from acting as chief and: govern-
ment officials from recognising him
as such.

96

Mr Justice Spoelstra said it had
not been shown that the community
would suffer irreparable harm if Mr
Cuthbert Ngema continued in office.
He argued that the chief would not
be able to negotiate the removal on
his own. He would be bound to con-
sult the family council, the “um-
deni”.

Further, the judge accepted that
the Government fully intended dis-
cussing the removal with all in-

parties, not only the acting
chief it had put in office.

The applicants’ argument on
these two points was that:

@ Mr Cuthbert Ngema and the auth-
orities had redefined the composi-
tion of the “umdeni” to suit their
purposes.

@There was extensive evidence
that the Government intended the
chief to play a decisive role in set-
tling the removal issue.

Mr Justice Spoelstra also said he
could not really understand the
right which the applicants sought to
protect — that is, to be governed by
an individual or body legally en-
dowed to do so. He said it was a
right “so vague and general as to be
almost non-existent”.

But the Ngema Committee did
not see it that way. Its chairman,
Mr Moses Ngema, ‘said after judg-
ment: “What we have been trying is
to follow the law. We know that the
law. says that leaders are chosen by
voting — this is what happens in



JPRS~SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

GHANA

ASANTES SEEN AS DILEMMA FOR RAWLINGS

London TALKING DRUMS in English Vol 2, No 25, 25 Mar 85 pp 14-15

[Text]

The Asantes, it is believed, have been
sceptical about the second seizure of
state power by Fit Lt Jeremiah
Rawlings from the start, The pangs of
their exacting experiences under the
Rawlings Armed Forces Revolutionary
Council regime in 1979, however brief,
was still familiar, when they felt that
they had been singled out as the
epicentre of economic sabotage.

The advent of Rawlings’ Provisional
National Defence Council (PNDC)
with the~ bogey Citizens Vetting
Committee, National Investigations
Committee and the Bureau of National
Investigations (successor to the Special
Branch) respectively headed by Dr Kofi
Awoonor (now Envoy to Brazil), Mr
C. R. Mawuenyega (now Operational
Assistant to the PNDC Secretary for
Interior) and Mr Mike Hamenoo all
bosom friends of the Special Adviser to
the PNDC,- Captain (rt’d) Kojo
Tsikata, was also seen as another
opportunity to place the maligned
entrepreneurial spirit of the Asantes
under searchlight.

The Asantes have always felt uneasy
with Kojo Tsikata since the 1976
subversion trial when Tsikata was
reported to have claimed that the Ewes
were angry because the government
showed no respect for. their chiefs, and
treated them as “thewers of wood and
drawers of water’. Tsikata was
therefore claiming that the
Acheampong junta was serving the
Akan-speaking majority in Ghana. Dr
Kofi Awoonor’s latest book,
Background to the Ghana Revolution,
gives credence to this claim.

18

The-Asantes-saw- themselves, there:
fore, as an aggrieved nation within a
nation. It was openly expressed in
Kumasi that the Asantes had their own
Head of State, the Asantehene.
Consequently, at the intitial stages of
the revolution, the political thrust of
the PNDC by way of the Defence
Committees in the Asante region was
made possible through Ewe-speaking
cadres drawn to the revolution, some
believed, by the ethnic configuration of
the regime. This configuration was
made apparent by those hand-picked
to control the spontaneous outburst
within the ranks of the Armed Forces,
Police and Judiciary and also by the
esoteric army of advisors who paraded
the corridors of power. With the
exception of the Nkrumah regime, it
appears, all post 1966 regimes have
hinted their stability on muted ethnic
appeals.

The spectre of the nationalisation of
land hanged in the air and a trip to
Kumasi by officials of the regime led
by the Secretary for Lands and Mineral
Resources, Mr Kwesi Renner, met a
mourning city clad in the traditional
kobene and birisi. The message was
clear and manifest. Kwesi Renner was
shaken to the bone and beat a hasty
retreat out of the Asante capital.

Another trip led by Dr Kwesi
Botchway, the Secretary for Finance
and Economic Planning, to explain the
IMF induced Economic Recovery
Programme was met by a hostile crowd
delivering missiles of protest. The
police and military had to fire warning
shots and teargas to disperse the



is why I went to the Supreme Court. Is that not proof that he has exorbitant
powers that go beyond the constitution?

Furthermore, in his own party, you know that he is the master as chairman of the
conflict committee. At the same time, hé is a super prime minister in the
country. Proof of this'is that no minister can correspond with the Office of
President without going through Collin, who gives his opinion and who handles
all the problems. For example, what industrial development project can go from
a minister to the president without Collin's opinion? None.. Furthermore,

our election code was drafted by whom? Normally, it should be by the minister of
interior and the keeper of the seals, as it is done in all countries of the
world. But here, it is in Collin's offices that it is.done. So do-not ask

me for proof!

[Question]. But those exorbitant powers of Collin.... One would say that
you just noticed them.

[Answer] I came to that analysis starting in 1983-1984, after the election of
President Abdou Diouf, in other words, when he was named secretary general of
the Office of President. The straw that broke the camel's back came at the time
of the visit of former Guinean Prime Minister Diarra Traore. Commenting on that
visit, LE SOLEIL mentioned that Traore had been received by his Senegalese
counterpart, Jean Collin, naturally, thus confirming my evaluation.

Concerning my summons, I was saying that there is an abuse of power because
that authority was not to take such measures that are the province of justice.
That is why I went to the Supreme Court, not only to obtain the annulment of
that decision, but above all, the confirmation that there is indeed an abuse
of power. As an administrative act authorized by no law, taking the law into
one's own hands is nothing less than a flagrant abuse of power.

[Question] When one hears you exposing Jean Collin, one feels that one is
very far from the period of the national consensus, a period of euphoria during
which you were on good terms with him.

[Answer] Actually, it is not a matter of personal relations. Under Senghor, I
had normal relations with Collin although he was the artisan of elections that
I often contested. But there are operations which, within the context of a
country, can be understood even if one does not agree. For example, that
there should be from 10 to 15 percent election fraud in Senegal, with all the
problems of structure, sociology, and so on, can be understood and one hopes to
find methods for solving such problems in time, when seen from the perspective
of a plan. What one asks for in a country is for progress, evolution.

[Question] Let us go on to another theme: your stay in France. Was it not
a voluntary exile? :

[Answer] There was no voluntary exile. We were not participating in the
elections and there were no major activities. I do not see why I would have
remained in Senegal when I am not a civil servant, but an international lawyer.
I have a number of cases to work on and I earn my living by working on matters

47



WINTER CRISIS FEAR IN BLACK VILLAGES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Mar 85 p 13

[Article by Janine Stein]

[Text]

A CRISIS situation in
Black rural villages is
expected during the
coming winter months
with a large majority of
the residents unem-
ployed, many of them
young people who
have not been able to
find work after leaving
school.

This is the opinion of
Mrs Ina Perlman, ex-
ecutive director of Opera-
tion Hunger, which is cur-
rently feeding 600 000
people in the homelands.
She was speaking at anew
slide presentation “Oper-
ation Hunger — The Ru-
ral Crisis” in Johannes-
burg recently.

A Jewish welfare and
religious organisation, the
United Sisterhood, hand-
ed over a cheque of al-
most R9 000 to Operation

cso: 3400/875

Hunger at the slide show
and talk by Mrs Perlman.

Mrs Perlman said the
critical situation was a re-
sult of factors such as the
drought, increased influx
control, _mechanisation,
and, most recently, the
spread of urban retrench-
ments.

- Speaking about a num-

ber of Venda villages she
had recently visited, Mrs
Perlman said that over 50
percent of the men were
unemployed and funds
from severance pay and
unemployment insurance
were running low.

There were also many
youngsters in the 16 to 24-
year-old age group who
had never had a job and
had no chance of finding
one despite _ battling
against enormous odds to
achieve an education.

92

JPRS-SSA~85-031
1G April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

“Their bitterness and
frustration were frighten-
ing to see,” Mrs Perlman
said.

Although some of the
youths had approached
her for advice, most had
kept “sullenly” away.“I
am afraid these boys are
going to become major
trouble-makers when the
cold winter comes and
times are really hard,”
she said.

Mrs Perlman appealed
to the Government to in-
stitute a programme, such
as the one in 1983, when
R44-million was spent on
job creation schemes
when one person from
each family was employed
for a maximum of 22 days
a month a R2 a day, en-
abling each family to earn
R44 a month.



Times, though, have changed.

All of a sudden, Ivorians began to notice things. For instance,

that half the population of Abidjan is made up of foreigners. Is it

true? Yes, says the Interior Ministry. Some even add that if things
don't change by then, by the year 2005 the whole of Ivory Coast's —~

population will be 50-percent alien.

That is not all. Ivory Coast is one of the few countries where
aliens (in this case non-Ivorian Africans) can easily become voters.
"All of a sudden," an Ivorian journalist notes, with a smile; "you
see people who are bitterly xenophobic but who harbor very lively
political ambitions forced to pay assiduous court to these foreigners
whom they cordially detest." There you have a vicious circle which,
true, will affect only the municipal elections.

Are we to conclude that Ivory Coast is a powder-keg for the "alien"
Africans who live here? That is probably putting it too strongly.
The fact remains, though, that the Ivorian government is going to
have to come to.grips as soon as possible with this thorny question,
making due allowance for the new parameters that govern this coun-
try's life. Prevention is invariably better than cure.

6182
CSO: 3419/313

30



the demonstrators, But there were also people belonging to other
leftist political factions, and there were even people who did
not belong to any political party. In short, the high priests of
the LIPAD/PAI are gatecrashers trying to make public opinion
believe that they are behind everything, No doubt it is this po-
litical and historical falsification, this highway robbery,
which naturally leads them to triumphalism, to declare for exam-
ple that the CNR [National Council of the Revolution] is the
offspring of the CSB (CSB)’ [expansion unknown], that they are
the conscience of all these top-notch people etc. In short, the
LIPAD/PAI is nothing but a liar and opportunist. I defy it to
prove that it was behind the marches,

This truth reestablished, I will say a few words on the situa-
tion, which our enemies label "troubled and complex." From our
point of view, the political and social situation is more than
clear; at least it is becoming more and more clear, The masks
are falling and it gets easier to know who is who, who is doing
what and why. Questions remained without precise answers only
yesterday, i.e., just a year ago at a time when the enthusiasm
and euphoria of the first moments of victory prevailed. Today,
the whole world knows that a hyena-goat type alliance was estab-
lished between the trade union anarchists and the August revolu-
tion, On that score, we should listen to popular wisdom which
declares that "even when the hyena shows compassion for the sick
goat, it is only the better to devour it, the more so when dema-
gogically it claims to associate with the goat in order to con-
sider some of the shepherd's doings." The LIPAD/PAI was the
hyena that wanted to devour us. The comrades! vigilance saved us
and saved our ideal as well.

In order to overcome the enemy once and for all, we should equip
ourselves with the experience in struggle of other peoples and
continue to meditate on this profound thought. Speaking of the
limits of coalitions, Gilles Paurrault uttered these striking
words: "History abounds with coalitions which came apart before
bearing fruit. To be allies means to look in the same direction
while keeping an eye on one's neighbor at the same time, It is
to advance at the same pace while looking out for those who
would trip you up; it is publishing joint declarations in which
the ulterior motives and the doubts which haunt each partner do
not appear. Consequently, the best alliance is never very far
from legal separation and division of property if not from di-
vorce,"

In a word, the defeat of the enemy will save us and will save
our ideal, Any compromise is dangerous. Any collaboration is
dangerous. We must not delude ourselves with the thought that
reaction and counterrevolution will disarm themselves on their
own. We will therefore choose to disarm them Undoubtedly, it is
for this important reason that we speak of clarification, of
explication, terms which imply a radicalization of the struggle,

14



Broader Support

People like him deserve broader support however, beyond party- and other
lines of separation, for the disinvestment campaign is, after all, the type
of reflex which will barm everyone in South Africa, no matter who or what
you are.

It should be remembered that South Africa's most effective deterrent against
any kind of foreign attack, including disinvestment campaigns, is a strong,
healthy economy.

People who now protest against necessary steps to bring the economy back
to a healthy foundation again should keep that in mind as well.

8700
cso: 3401/139

58



JPRS-SSA-85~-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

PRC MAIZE IMPORTED--South Africa has imported 20 000 tons of maize from
communist China. Maize Board chairman Hennie Nel says the grain is being
offloaded in East London and will be used to make up the shortfall in SA's
requirements. South Africa has a standing contract to export 1,8-million
tons of maize to Taiwan, but because of successive droughts only 700 000
tons has been delivered. Mr Nel says the board has used an escape clause
in the contract to delay delivery until there is a surplus crop. The price
of the communist Chinese maize was "R18 a ton cheaper than American grain
and of a much better quality." This means the Chinese maize cost about
$133 a ton at current exchange rates compared with the American price of
$142. The deal has added to the confusion surrounding the size of South
Africa's mealie crop. Grain distributors Kahn & Kahn, renowned for the
accuracy of its annual predictions of the maize crop, expects "not less
than 6,5-million tons" this season. South Africa's needs are 6-million
tons, However, the Maize Board says the crop will be about 5,5-million
tons. Negotiations have taken place with Zimbabwe to import white mealies
"if they are willing and if the price is right." Zimbabwe is thought to
favour an exchange of 50 000 tons of SA wheat for its maize. The possibility
of a barter deal is denied by Mr Nel. He says the SA crop is by no means
certain as yet. [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 17 Mar 85
pp i, 3)

INDIAN MPs' CONSORTIUM--Cape Town--A group of 18 Ind-an MPs have formed a
business consortium to buy a large block of flats and offices in the city's
Woodstock suburb for more than a million rand, a member of the House of
Delegates said yesterday. The 18 shareholding MPs, mostly from Durban,
plan to contribute R60 000 each towards the company's capital fund at the
rate of R1 000 a month each.--Sapa [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 29 Mar 85 p 11]

ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE--Stellenbosch--The average economic growth rate is
unlikely to exceed 3% a year over the next five years, while an average
annual inflation rate of 10% seems likely, according to a leading economist.
"Taking into account projected population growth and the number of new
entrants into the labour market, these figures are disturbing," said Professor
A.J.M. de Vries, director of the Stellenbosch Bureau for Economic Research,

in a prepared speech for a conference on long-term growth. "In fact this
could be a classical recipe, from an economic point of view, for social and

111



JPRS-SSA-85-031.
16 April 1985

living in South Africa was safeguarded. Lesotho also had a large volume of
trade with South Africa which needed to be strengthened. The National Inde-
pendent Party joined several small opposition parties in Lesotho which have
announced their intention to context the first general election for 15 years
in Lesotho later this year. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English

19 Mar 85 p 8]

COUNTER-ACTION ORGANIZED AGAINST DISINVESTMENT--An aggressive campaign against
American disinvestment was begun yesterday in South Africa. An organization
called the American Association for Trade and Investment (AATI) was established
in Johannesburg, and plans are now being made to thwart the disinvestment cam-
paign in an aggressive and very direct way. Mr Stephen Bisenius, the former
executive director of the American department of commerce, heads the new orga-
nization, which will shortly open offices in Johannesburg and Washington.
Countries such as Swaziland, Lesotho and Botswana, "which will be very much
affected by a successful disinvestment campaign," will also be involved in a
counter-campaign of the AATI. Two pilot committees--one in America and the
other in South Africa--will handle the activities of the organization in the
two countries. In South Africa the pilot committee will consist of American
and South African businessmen. Work has already begun on an emergency plan

of action intended especially to point out to legislators in the American con-
gress and the various state governments the serious and detrimental consequen-
ces that disinvestment holds for both South African and American workers. One
of the first tasks of the organization will be to combat anti-South African
legislation now being brought before the American congress. "We shall have to
throw all our resources into the battle to work against this legislation, for
as soon as it is approved, it will be almost impossible to have it removed
from the statutes again," said Mr Bisenius. In addition to the American de-
partment of commerce, the AATI plans to join together the interests of Ameri-
can business firms represented in South Africa and the some 8 000 firms not
represented here, but which do business here. The campaign against South Af-
rica, says Mr Bisenius, is very serious and openly aimed at completely anni-
hilating the trade relations between the two countries. "To keep our oppo-
nents effectively in check, we must toil day and night. Our task will require
constant vigilance against anything that threatens the trade relations between
America and South Africa. The goal of the organization is to protect the ex-
isting trade relations between the two countries and even to expand them con-
siderably." The AATI will endeavor to insure that alternative and positive
legislation concerning South AFrica is accepted in America. Legal aid organi-
zations in America will be used in order to fight in the courts the right of
American firms to do business with South Africa. [Text] [Johannesburg BEELD
in Afrikaans 2 Mar 85 p 5] 8117

CRIME INCREASE OF 9.39 PERCENT--Cape Town: Murder is alarmingly on the in-
crease, but the total crime picture in South Africa does not call for con-

cern, claims the annual report of the South African police. In the year under
review, from 1 July 1983 to 30 June 1984, 9 462 cases of murder were reported,
in contrast to the 8 573 of the previous year--an increase of 9.39 percent.
The incidence of serious crime increased less than in the previous year--1.64
percent as contrasted with 3.74 percent--and robbery, car-theft and cattle-
theft have truly decreased, by 1.26, 0190 and 1.23 percent, respectively.
‘There were, however, increases of 2.80, 3.04 and 2.62 percent, respectively,

113



JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS

MOVEMENT TO SUPPORT SOUTHERN AFRICA FORMED IN BURUNDI
FA240156 Dakar PANA in French 1115 GMT 22 Mar 85

[Text] Bujumbura, 22 Mar (ABP-BUR/PANA)--A Movement of Support for Southern
Africa (MSA) was officially formed in Bujumbura on Thursday on the occasion
of the international day for the elimination of racial discrimination. The
MSA is committed to the launching of a long-term process of awareness with a
view to demonstrating active solidarity with the liberation struggle in South
Africa and in Namibia in order to completely isolate the apartheid regime
and to consolidate true independence and peace in the souther part of the
African continent.

There is no compromising (?with) the apartheid (?regime), it is intolerable.
It must be dismantled by any means and [word indistinct] with the arms at
hand, stressed the president of the Provisional Bureau of the National Anti-
Apartheid Committee, Mr Julien Nahayo, after presenting the philosophy of
apartheid which feeds itself with myths, historical falsifications, and
specious biblical interpretations.

According to its statutes, the MSA will campaign for effective solidarity

with those states directly concerned and other indepdndent African states
which are victim of troubles created by the Pretoria regime an order to

enable them to defend their sovereignty and territorial integrity. Its ac-
tivity will cover all fields related to resistance in southern Africa. In

this respect, various activities will be organized on that theme notably
drama, conferences, and public debates, exhibition, film shows, and fund
raisings and contributions for the liberation movements and the bereaved people
of southern Africa.

The MSA has elected a national anti-apartheid committee comprised of 21 mem-
bers, which set up a bureau composed of a president, two vice presidents, a
secretary general, an assistant secretary general and a treasurer. It has
also drawn a program for the first 3 months.

CSO: 3419/347



YOUNG CHURCH MEMBERS OPT FOR CHANGE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 26 Mar 85 p 10

[Text]

CSO:

3400/877

THE younger members
of Afrikaans speaking
churches were now clear-
ly opting for change, Prof
Essor Pieter de Villiers,
the C B Powell professor
for Biblcal Scholarship at
Unisa, said yesterday.

He made a powerful
plea for dialogue — and
said that at all times there
should be “hope”.

“Hope forces us to dia-
logue. Were people fail to
understand how they viol-
ate the dignity of others
they should never be iso-
lated.” he said.

Tt was true that South
Africa was a county fil-
led with suffering. This
was proved by the tragic
events of the past few
days.

90

“Many people suffer
with those families and
those members of our
community who lost rela-
tives and friends.

“We, ourselves, suffer
because we are part of so-
ciety were other members
are unequal, are often
treated in an unjust man-
ner and are subjected to
many dehumanising
laws,” he said.

But there were many
examples of how dialogue
changed people — and he
personally detected a
change, particularly
among the younger mem
bers of the Afrikaans
churches.

“Dialogue changes —
even though we some-
times become despon-

| dent.”

JPRS-SSA~85-031
16 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



VISIT OF SOVIET DELEGATION REPORTED

Bamako L'ESSOR in French 9-10 Feb 85 p 7

JPRS-SSA-85-031
16 April 1985

MALI

[Article by G. Traore: "“UDPM-PCUS: A Positive Visit for Berezin's Delegation"]

[Text] The second part of the working session of the delegations of the PCUS
[Soviet Union Communist Party] and the UDPM [Democratic Republic of Malian
People] was held on Wednesday 6 February at the House of the People under the
“chairmanship of the second BEC conflicts commissar, Ambagarai Guindo, assisted
by the Malian ambassador to Moscow, S. E. Abdoulaye Amadou Sy, by Abdrahamane
Toure, the BEC political secretary's cabinet director, and other persons.

In the speech he gave for the occasion, Ambagarai Guindo said that the presence
of this large Soviet delegation was testimony to the excellent relations exist—

ing between the Malian and Soviet peoples.

He expressed his appreciation of

the USSR's constant willingness from the first years of independence to the

present time to come

regularly to the aid of our country.

The second BEC con-

flicts commissar added that Mali would like this assistance to be extended to

various other areas.

Guindo expressed his desire that Soviet-Malian relations should lead to the
promotion of cooperation of all kinds between our two peoples, our two parties,
Finally, he thanked the USSR for its friendly contribu-
tion to our country, and added that the Malian party and government are in
agreement with the PCUS in the struggle against imperialism and Zionism, and
in bringing an end to the arms race.

and our governments.

The head of the Soviet delegation, Anatoliy Berezin, said that this meeting
the UDPM had the goal of further consolidating cooperation
USSR. He stated that his delegation had profited greatly

between the PCUS and
between Mali and the
from its stay in our
the Malian people in
Selinque, and Niono,
ities to improve the

country since, he emphasized, '

"we made good contact with

our travels throughout the country, particularly in Segou,
and we were convinced of the concern of the Malian author-

living standard of the Malian people."

He said he was

favorably impressed by the plans and perspectives and the enormous possibili-
ties of the Segou area before going on to express his positive appreciation for
the meetings which his delegation had with the representatives of the UDPM.

35



cso:

places like Soweto and also in Par-
jiament.

“Voting is the only fair way of
choosing leaders. Instead, we are
not allowed it.”

He questioned especially the Gov-
ernment’s refusal to take up the
judge’s suggestion during the first
day of the case, that the parties set-
tle out of court, creating channels
for the community to choose its
leader democratically.

In his judgment some days later
Mr Justice Spoelstra expressed the
view that, if the legality of Mr Cuth-
bert Ngema’s appointment were
tested in a further court action, it
was unlikely he would be ousted.

The Ngema Committee argued
that an acting chief could only be
appointed to govern a tribe. Since
the Ngema community did not con-
stitute a tribe it could not have a
chief.

Mr Justice Spoelstra countered
there was legal precedant for
adopting the everyday usage of the
word and excluding highly technical
evidence. In such circumstances the
word “tribe” would hold good for al-
most any group bound by common
ancestry — including, probably the
Ngema family.

3400/888

97

The Black Sash has commented:
“If the anthropological and histori-
cal evidence about a community is
regarded as irrelevant as to wheth-
er it can be defined as a tribe, very
many communities are vulnerable
to finding themselves with govern-
ment-appointed chiefs as their rep-
resentatives.”

The powers of a chief over his
tribe are extensive. He appoints the
community authority, ensures com-

liance with Government orders —
Theluding those relating to the occu-
pation of land — and determines
when meetings can take place.

He is entitled to “the loyalty, re-
spect and obedience of all native
residents and may take such steps as
to secure from them such loyalty,
respect and obedience”.

Whether all these powers will be
used to the end of securing kwaNge-
ma’s removal remains to be seen.
But the Black Sash points out: “The
Officials involved in the Ngema re-
movals are the same people respon-
sible for the removal of Mogopa last
year.”

In Mogopa, Mr Jacob More, a
headman deposed by the tribe but
still recognised by the Government,
had secretly agreed to the removal
— and that had contributed even-
tually to the total destruction of the
Mogopa settlement near Venters-
dorp, the Sash recalled.



JPRS-SSA-85-031
J6 April 1965

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

SEA TRANSPORT STUDY--An agreement was signed in Maputo today by the transport
study institute of the Italian (Drieta) University and the Southern African
Transport and Communications Commission [SATCC] to carry out a cooperation
study on sea transport. The documents were signed by Dr Guadeni on the side
of Italy and by Engineer Figueiredo on behalf of the chairman of the SATCC
coordinating committee. The project was approved in March 1983 by the SATCC
committee of ministers and the Italian Government agreed to finance it
during the Southern African Development Coordination Conference meeting in
February 1984. The study, which is budgeted at $230,000, provides a survey
of sea services in the nine SATCC countries, including the flow of merchandise
from and to ports of the region, the sea courses used, and the companies
offering freight services in Southern Africa. [Text] [Maputo Domestic
Service in Portuguese 1700 GMT 25 Mar 85]

CHINESE AID--A donation from the Chinese People's Association for Friendship
with Foreign Countries which included 550 pieces of clothing was delivered
in Maputo today. The donation delivered by Wang Hao, Chinese ambassador

to Mozambique, was received by Abdul Bargina, a member of the Mozambican
Association of Solidarity and Friendship with the Peoples. [Text] [Maputo
Domestic Service in Portuguese 1400 GMT 26 Mar 85]

CSO: 3442/228-F

38