GREAT DYKE MINE IN PRODUCTION AGAIN

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 10 Oct 86 p 7

[Text]

/13046
CSO:

3400/349

‘THE Great Dyke mine, closed in *
1976, has been reopened by Zi
babwe Alloys under tribute to Rio |
Tinto Zimbabwe. The reopening |
of the mine follows rehabilitation ;
work worth over $300 000.

‘The first chromite at the mine, was |
produced in May this year, and -
production is expected to be 500
tonnes per month.

According to'the latest issue of
‘the Mining and Engineering maga
zine; the mine was reopened as the
production. of low-carbon  fer-'
rochrome requires ore of a high
chrome/oxide grade, and a high
chrome to iron ratio, which is only
available in the North Dyke areas.

“The Great Dyke mine ‘provides
this particular ore close to the sure
face and is in a thicker scam than
ig found at Zimbabwe Alloys’ other
North-Dyke operations, all of which
have been stopped due to the high

costs of mining, at depth, the nar- ,

row chromite seams.

The magazine says the ore at
Great Dyke also is of a very crys-
talline nature. which contributes to
its good melting properties, and*
grades of 48% w 51% chro-
me/oxide have been achieved. This
ccan be further upgraded to 31% af-

tei prvcessing, Says the wBeazine!*

Dewatering of the mine began in
mid-December last year, and ap-

proval to reopen the mine was given :

in February. The tribute agreement
was signed in early March, and the
first staff moved on-site in
mid-March. .

The work involved in reopening
the mine included the rehabilitation
ofthe hoist and headframe, install-
ing stor bins, and modi
rock-handling facilities.
pumping «and compressed air
columns were installed. and perma-
nent pumps were. placed
underground.

@Lonrho Zimbabwe is restarting
operations at its Bérnheim gold
mine, about 12km from Mazowe
Mine. The mine was last operated
as an exploratory project by Lon-
“rho from June 1976 to July 1978.
ning and Engineering
e quoted the manager of the

mine. Mr John Vaughan-Davies. as
saying that re-equipping ot the shaft
and after

began last November.
dewatering of the worki
fieadgear. and comp
installed.

It is hoped to haut 60 tons of ore
a day by road for treatment at, the
nearby Mazowe Mine.

55

ZIMBABWE



KENYA

DELEGATE TO ISLAMIC CALL CONGRESS ON CONVERSION, NEEDED CHANGES
Tripoli AL~DAAWA AL~ISLAMIA in English 1 Oct 86 p 2

[Interview with Mahmoud Okello, Kenyan delegate to the Third General Congress
of the Islamic Call, by Al-Mahdi Al-Jali; date and place not specified]

[Text] --The owner of the bookshop refused to sell to me the book of "Prin-
ciples of Islam" and asked me to read it all first then he will sell it to me,
but when I returned to pay the price he said it is a gift for me,

--I have done a lot for christianity and by God's Will I will do more for
Islam,

~-We are taught that Islam is for Arabs only because the Quran has been re~
vealed in Arabic,

w-Muslims face a dangerous campaign by the Christianization missions.,.Muslims
efforts should be united to confront that danger,

My Journey From Atheism To Faith

Before I declared that I embraced Islam I was one of the Churchs' coordinators
who solve their disputes all over Kenya, In Kanoon (December) 81 I was sent
to the town of Kisomo in Southern Kenya to clear out a large dispute amongst
priests in that region, That took more than three months as the dispute was
a big one, and while roaming in that region I used to pass by newspapers
stands to buy some newspapers and magazines. Meanwhile my attention was
drawn by a book entitled "The Principles of Islam" by Abu~Al-Alaa Al-Maudoudi.

1 wanted to buy that book and the owner of the bookshop inquired whether I am
a Muslim, when I replied negatively he told me that reading it is the price
for me, and requested from me to read it thoroughly then return to pay. I
took the book, which was in English, to the hotel where I was staying and
read it and in the next day when I returned to the bookshop to pay the owner
asked me to keep it as a gift,

Of course he was a Muslim.,.since then I perceived the value and grace of

Islam, and decided to buy a copy of the Holy Quran. I returned to the book-
shop and asked the owner for an English Version of the Translated Meanings

21



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as (Text ]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



BOOST BEEF, FARMERS TOLD

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 12 Oct 86 p 3

[Text]

/13046
cso:

-FHE Minister’ of | Agrtenltare, Cas

has challenged small
eee eae et eee to beont
their beef production, to improve
what he termed out-put below ex-
Peotations.

a speech read on hig behalf in
Mute on Edy by an acting under-
his ministry, Cde Matthew
Zharare, the minister called on com-
maunai farmers to stop ther “selfish”
attitude regarding livestock and con-
tribute towards the nation's beef ex-
port drive.

The speech was read to mark the
official opening of the Cold Storage
Commission’s new. $3,5 million Mutare
sales and distribution facility. t

‘The minister said he wanted to
kee’ an upsurge in cattie sales from
the samail-scale and communal sector.
“They nmst demonstrate to us that
what has been achieved in maize and
cotton can be-done in livestock,” be

_- He atso. said consumers in Z:mba-

“tive were over-dependant on beef,

‘tnd called on people to change their
eating habits to encompasy the other

3400/351

64

Meats such ag poultry, mutton and
Boat meat.
The Government was doing much
to beost beef production in both the
large-scale

of surplus grain by the Nivestock in-
dustry instead of delivering to the.
Grain Marketing Board. ‘Together
with the new premier feeding scheme,
this offered an ideal opportuniiy fur
farmers to Increase their beéf enter-

He noted with satisfaciion the
development af. the Beira Corrktor,
faving that not only would thia help
alleviate the beef industry's depend-
“ace on export routes throngh South
Africa, bat i¢ would also have positive

lous for the Mutare busine business
community,

‘the colourful opening ceremony,
which featured a glow by traditional
dancers, marked the establisament of
the most modern cold store in tha
country, according to CSC geserak
manager. Mr Eddie Cross, ‘The taci-
ty would be fully operationat in ao
month, ang provision had beeu made
z aad an abattoir at a iater stage,

1 said,



RIGHT WING BODY MOVES TO PORT ELIZABETH
Port Elizabeth WEENEND POST in English 11 Oct 86 p 4

[Text] EAST LONDON — A right
wing organisation, the In-
dependent Rights Asso-
ciation (IRA), will move its
headquarters from East
London to Port Elizabeth at
the end of this month. It
intends becoming actively
involved in the issue of
open beaches.

The IRA was formed
when feelings were running
high about the chaotic con-
ditions on Eastern Beach on
New Year’s Day when it
was used by about 25 000
blacks.

Its chairman, Mr Basil
Niemand, said this week he
planned to establish an
organisation in PE to sup-
port the Herstigte
Nasionale Party (HNP) in
its opposition to the coun-
cil’s move to open beaches.

“We also want to work to
unify the right wing — the
HNP, the Conservatives
and the Afrikaner
Weerstandbeweging,” he
said.

“There is. growing sup-
port for the right wing in
Port Elizabeth, especially
among the young.”

He would move to Port
Elizabeth at the end of the
month, establish headquar-
ters and start a recruiting
drive.

Mr Niemand said his
organisation would con-
tinue to operate in East
London and he would visit
the city regularly. .

19274
CSO: 3400/304

75

SOUTH AFRICA



[Box, p 12]

113046
cso:

3400/345

‘Assan Musa ~~

“9
Camara’s Digest | ||

1960 : Independant MP. Ap-
pointed Minister without
porto-folio by the colonial Go-
vernor. :
1961: Labour and Health’
Ministry under the colonial
Government. ‘
1963 : Minister of Education.
1965 : Minister of Works and
Communications.

1966 : Minister of Education. :
1968 : Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs. _ .
1972 : Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs and Vice-President.

1974 : Vice-President and Mi-'
nister of Local Government.

1977 : Minister of Education.

1977 : Minister of Finance.
1978 : Vice-President... *
1982: Out. Elected member ,
of Parliament. . :
1986: Resigned PPP and
formed GPP. .

The Right Honourable
Assan Musa Camara is 62. He
is married and have seven (7)
children.

ll



SOUTH AFRICA

HEUNIS SAYS PROGRESS MADE OVER RSC'S
MB301534 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1529 GMT 30 Oct 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 30 October, SAPA--Considerable progress had been made
with the demarcation of regional services councils [RSC's] and the first could
be established by 1 January next year, the minister of constitutional develop-
ment and planning, Mr Chris Heunis, said today.

In a statement issued after a meeting of the Council for the Coordination of
Local Government Affairs in Johannesburg, he said the impression may have
arisen in some quarters that the RSC's would not be established.

"This impression is possibly the result of the time gap between the publica-
tion of the act and the actual establishment of the councils, which entails a
complex procedure under the guidance of the provincial administration," he
said.

Legislation providing for the councils, which are planned as multi-racial
local government bodies providing joint services for adjoining metropolitan
areas, was first passed in 1984.

Since then, the act has been amended by parliament several times. The dead-
line for the establishment of the first RSC, in Bloemfontein, was set for
January this year but officials of Mr Heunis's department said the complex
procedure for the setting up of a council did not make that deadline feasible.

However, Mr Heunis said today that considerable progress had been made with
the demarcation of RSC's.

"The possibility still exists that the first regional services councils will
be established by 1 January 1987."

The demarcation board's investigations into the Pretoria, Witwatersrand, Port
Elizabeth, Cape Metropolitan and Bloemfontein areas had been completed, Mr
Heunis said.

The board's reports had been submitted to the respective provincial adminis-
trators and the agreement of the ministers concerned was being awaited.

70



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

UK DEFENSE COMPANY DELIVERS FIRST CONSIGNMENT--UK defence company, Hall & Watts,
has delivered the first consignment of a b1.6 million (2.3 million) training
and equipment package to Mozambique to support defence of sections of the rail-
way line from Malawi to Nacala port, which has come under renewed attack from
South African-backed Mozambique National Resistance (MNR) rebels, the UK's
Jane's Defence Weekly reports. The contract--placed by the Mozambique govern-
ment earlier this year--includes supply of 600 Royal Ordnance 5.56-millimetre
Enfield L85Al rifles, light support weapons, ammunition, field equipment,
clothing and boots, and training services. The equipment will be used by a
600-strong battalion now being formed to defend the railway line. Mozambique
has traditionally purchased the bulk of its equipment from the eastern bloc.
Its choice for this contract may have been influenced by contact with British
troops under the tactical training programme in Zimbabwe provided by the UK
army during the past year. However, UK government officials hasten to point
out that the contract is "purely commercial" and does not signify an expansion
of UK military assistance to Mozambique. The UK has so far confined this
assistance to tactical training for teams of Mozambican soldiers in Nyanga, on
the Zimbabwean side of the border with Mozambique, under an agreement set up
last year (AED 13:7:85). Initially teams of 48 soldiers were trained on 12-
week courses, but the teams have now been expanded to 60. In addition the
agreement--which had been due to expire in January 1987--has recently been
extended by a further 12 months. Speaking after the 19 October death of
President Machel, UK government officials said there were "no plans" to work
inside Mozambique (see page 2). [Text] [London AED in English 25 Oct 86 p 30]
/13046

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28



SOUTH AFRICA

AUTO WORKERS UNIONS DEMAND VOICE IN WITHDRAWALS
MBO21022 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0959 GMT 2 Nov 86

[Text] Port Elizabeth 2 November .SAPA--Three major motor industry unions
today said workers job tenure should not suffer when multinationals withdraw
from South Africa, but rather the companies’ profits should "bear the brunt of
the results of apartheid."

In a joint statement the National Automobile and Allied Workers Union (NAAWU),
Metal and Allied Workers Union (MAWU) and Motor Industry Combined Workers
Union (MICWU) said they condemned General Motors “high-handed decision" to
refuse to negotiate with GM workers about their future. GM had drawn profits
for 60 years from South Africa and now wanted to pull out with no cost to
itself, making no provision for the future of workers, The statement said the
pull-out was only of benefit to management.

"Workers are no longer prepared to be the victims of unilateral decisions
taken over their heads by capitalists." The statement said the pressure

for sanctions and disinvestment was a result of apartheid. Jobs and the
safety of workers should not suffer.

MAAWU, MAWU and MICWU demanded that all multinational companies in which they
have organised workers who sell to South African businesses on pulling out
should:

--Give timeous notice to the unions and workers.

--Provide full details of their plans.

--Provide adequate information to allow workers and their organisations to make
a decision on their future.

~--Negotiate the terms of the withdrawal with the following minimum conditions,
The department companies must guarantee:
--No retrenchment or redundancies would follow from the withdrawal or sale.

--Minimum severance pay of 1 month's pay per year of service.

99



SOVIET FRIENDSHIP GROUP DONATES CASH

Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE JOURNAL in English Oct 86 p 44

[Text]

13104
cso:

3400/375

© Ugande-Soviet friendship’ group's

35

UGANDA


ZIMBAPWE

MIDLANDS GOVERNOR PUTS PRIORITY ON FARMING TO HALT URPAN DRIFT

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 19 Oct 86 p 9

{Article by Tendayi Nyakunu]
[Text]

“Undisturbec, that is,
py the hostile activities of
racist South Africa and
jts agents, Zimbabwe
should be left alone to
cevelop peacefully and in
common with its. SADCC
and PTA partners,” Sen-
ator Makombe told The
Sunday Mail in an inter-
view jast week, _

“IT would also like to
see the Prime Minister,
‘Cde Mugabe, given the op-
portunity to exercise his
role of leadership of the
Non-Aligned Movement,
and T call upon all the
country’s citizens to act-
ively participate in the
country’s development. By
that, I mean, the people
of this country must be
united and pursue com-
mon objectives as a united
family for the benefit of
Zimbabwe's development
and progress."

Cde Makombe added:
“[n this connection, I hope
that the unity talks cur-
rently being held between
the Tuling party, Zanu
(PF) aud Zapu will suc-
ceed, soon,”

Spelling out his provin-
ce’s Five-Year Develop-
ment Plan, Cede Makombe
yaid the Midlands would
depend greatly on funds
from the Public Sector
Investment Programme
and Conor agencies to
boost agricultural produc-
tion extensively in an ef-
fort to increase employ-
ment opportunities,

“We are concentrating
on agricultural production
because 86 percent of our
population lives in the ru-
ral areas and if produc-
tion is maintained at a
steady level, that should
curb urban influx,”

Cde Makombe proudly
pointed out that the Mid-
Jands had _ successfully
attained a high level of
agricultural production in
such districts as Gokwe
and Chikomba “but we
still have to increase pro-
duction in other areas,
especially in Zvishavane
and Mberengwa”,

He said that to success-
fully accomplish that
goal, there was need to
expand the province's
irrigation potential to
bring about 18 000 ha
under irrigation.

“We initially hope to
bring a third of the total
area we are aiming to
service under irrigation
within the five-year plan
to the tune of about $40
to $50 inillion, which in-
cludes the construction of
dams and laying of pipes
ior the massive irrigation
expansion drive.”

‘The provincial plan was
also aimed at boosting
small-scale farming acti-
vities for both the com-
munal and_ resettlement
farmers. “We would like
to see this sector given
more loans to facilitate
expansion and diversifica-
tion of their farming acti-

60

vities. For that, we re-
quire about $29 million in
the form of loans from
the Agriculture Finance
Corporation.”

He expressed the regret
that the AFC seemed to
have cut its loan alloca-
tion to the small-scale
and communal farmers
in hig province. “We do
hope that the loans that
have in past been made
available to the peasant
ang small-scale farmers
in Zvishavane and Mbe-
rengwa districty will be
increased or adjusted to
their original levels.”

On the recent call to
both commercial | and
small-scale farmers to re-
duce their maize hectar-
ages this season as a re~
guit of the huge surplus,
Cde Makombe said that
his officials were already
encouraging farmers in
the province to diversify
und inciude cotton and
sorghum crops in their
arming programmes in-
stead of depending entire-
ly on maize,

Turning to reafforesta-
tion, Cde Makombe said:
“The general strategy in
our province has been to
carry out rearforestation
at the rate of 24 wards a
year, of which my pro-
vince hay a total of 162.
_ “The rate of deforesta-
tion varies trom district
to district, but from what
I have observed, it is not
terribly pad. We are worlk-
Ing closely with the De-



SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

PRESIDENT REAFFIRMS PORTUGUESE ECONOMIC PRESENCE
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Sep 86 p 11

[Text] The president of Sao Tome and Principe, Manuel Pinto da Costa, who
paid a 2-day visit to Madrid, said yesterday that “Spain will not replace
Portugal" in his country.

After stressing that he was not seeking to replace the countries providing
‘Portugal with cooperation on this trip to Europe, Pinto da Costa said that
“The Portuguese economic influence is much greater than that of Spain, and it
will continue thus in the future, if that is the desire of the citizens of
Portugal.”

The president of Sao Tome and Principe spoke at a press conference in Madrid
at the conclusion of his private visit to Spain, where he spent 2 days after
visiting France, Belgium and Holland and holding talks within the context of
the EEC in Brussels.

“We will not operate in any orbit, because we have our own, as a function of
the interest and the policy we defend, without forgetting that we are a part
of the world and that it is sometimes necessary to make certain concessions,"
Pinto da Costa said.

The president of the republic of Sao Tome explained that Portugal was not
included in this tour he had just made because there was no need.

“Contact (with Portugal) has been frequent, and I was in Lisbon at the time of
the installation of the new president of the republic,” he added.

Pinto da Costa, who arrived in Madrid on Sunday, talked with and lunched wi th
the Spanish prime minister, Felipe Gonzalez. He then departed yesterday for
New York, where he will participate in the work of the UN General Assembly and
will hold political talks with other government leaders in the coming days.

Concerning the results of his visit to Madrid, Pinto da Costa said that it was
decided to draft and sign a basic agreement before the end of the year to
define the lines of cooperation and the future relations between Spain and Sao
Tome and Principe.

31



/12104
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3400/3267

Soyabeans and sunfiow-
ers are being grown -at
the moment primarly for
the extraction of vege-
table oil, with the residue
being sold on local or ex-
port stockfeed markets.
Since last year COPA hag
been promotiny greater
use of soyabeans in hu-
man foods and beverages.

Groundnuts serve ag a
protein food and as a
confectionery product,

But the significance of
thig increased hectarage
being planted to oilseeds
ig that for the first time
Zimbabwe could be wit-
nessing domestic vege-
table oil production meet-
ing demand.

With. increased oilseeds
production, there is a like-
lihoog that local consum-
er needs may now be met.
and an export trade de-
veloped, said Mr Mc-
Manus,

63



--No benefits would be prejudiced by the withdrawal or sale.

--The full earnings of workers for a period of 12 months from the date of
notification of withdrawal or sale.

--The new management recognised and agreed to‘ negotiate with the representa-
tive unions on any issues affecting workers, including issues arising from
the withdrawal or sale.

/12232
CSO: 3400/357

100



ZIMBABWE

RADIO TRUTH WARNS AGAINST ORCHESTRATED PROTESTS
MB311628 (Clandestine) Radio Truth in Ndebele to Zimbabwe 0400 GMT 31 Oct 86
[Station commentary]

[Excerpts] The official of the ZANU-PF-Mugabe ruling party, have become for-
midable terrorists in their abuse of power against the public. They are the
only ones that enjoy good living in Zimbabwe, while the majority of Zimbabweans
are groaning in poverty and hunger. These officials use the provisions of the
law to further their own desires and also to demand forced respect from the
public. The people can no longer speak freely for fear of being detained by
Mugabe's government. Instead of the public making comment freely on the mis—
deeds of government officials, it is instructed to respect gangsterism and
cruelty perpetrated by the members of the ruling party. Is this the government
based on the will of the majority that is aired daily to the nation by Robert
Mugabe?

We say this is not a democracy, because people are not allowed to criticize
the faults of the government. Robert Mugabe and some of his colleagues are
governing the country in contravention of the accepted legal norms. They are
the ones that encourage the extremist element in the ruling party to stir up
noisy demonstrations within the country.

On 21 October, 5,000 students from the University of Zimbabwe and the Youth
Brigades of the Patriotic Front-Mugabe broke windows in the offices of the
South African Trade Mission, Malawi High Commission, and the United States
Embassy in Harare, while part of the crowd stoned innocent motorists on the
roads. Asked about their uncivilized behavior, they said that they were show-
ing their anger and disgust at the killing of President Samora Machel by the
South African Government. This is a blatant lie.

Samora Michel died in an accident caused by the error of the pilot, who was

at the controls of the Tupolev 134, manufactured in the USSR. The pilot headed
for the mountains instead of landing the plane in Maputo, its original destina-
tion. This, Machel and his entourage died because of the ineptitude of the
pilot.

However, the students of the University of Zimbabwe and the ZANU-PF-sponsored
exhibitionists hurriedly destroyed the windows of the buildings housing foreign

4l



SOUTH AFRICA

ANC UNDERSCORES SERIOUSNESS OF RSA MINISTER'S THREATS
MBO10921 Dakar PANA in English 0902 GMT 1: Nov 86

[Text] Harare, 1 November (PANA)--The ANC has urged the international commun—
ity to take South Africa's threat on Frontline State leaders seriously given
the danger it entails.

Reacting to South Africa's Foreign Minister Magnus Malan's [title as received]
warning to Frontline leaders yesterday, ANC chief representative in Harare
Reddy Mazimba said practical and concrete support from the international com-
munity was urgently needed to help Frontline States defend themselves from
the, onslaught of the apartheid: regime. .He told the Pan African News Agency
yesterday that the world has witnessed the barbaric nature of the regime on
Mozambican President Samora Machel's death on South African soil less than

2 weeks after being threatened that if he chose terrorism and. revolution he
would clash head-on with South Africa.: This shows that the racists really
mean what they.say but we should act collectively to stop this barbaric be-
haviour, he said.

{Words indistinct] escalation of war..in the region and the world which, ‘he said,
would bring untold suffering among the people. The racist regime has reached

a point of no return. It is not ready to listen to anybody. It must be

dealt with now, he said.

Mr Mazimba also appealed for material support to liberation movements to enable
them [to] step up the armed struggle for a speedy liberation of their countries
from South African colonialism and the evil system of apartheid.

He said South Africa continued to pick up neighbouring states to divert issues
and comouflage the resistance which was gaining momentum inside the country as
the international community was about to implement economic sanctions fully. *

Mr Mazimba said the world was [word indistinct] that the people in South Africa
were implementing the ANC call to render apartheid unworkable and the country
ungovernable. From ungovernability to people's power is our cherished goal,

he said, adding we shall intensify the armed struggle until final victory.

Speaking at the Air Force's 89 Combat Flying School in Pietersburg’ on Thursday,
Malan warned Frontline heads of state, [words indistinct] that the propaganda
campaign accusing South Africa of responsibility for President Machel's death
was going too far.

/12232
cso: 3400/355 83



ing to Zimbabwe over sanctions,
one has to grasp the complicated
game Robert Mugabe has been’
playing with Pretoria ever since

e assumed power in 1980. Early
on there was an arrangement
whereby Zimbabwe could send its
fxports through SA; in return, Zim-
babwe promised not to house any
ANC bases.

Then there was the preferential
tariff agreement which allowed
Zimbabwean goods to sell in SA at
a tariff of between 10% and 15%.
Initially, this was a concession SA.
made for the beleaguered Smith

jovernment; after independerge,
er, it. was'renewed ‘by Mu-

gabe and has been renewed twice
again: in 1983 and, most recently,
on July 31 this year, three days

before the Commonwealth summit .

at Marlborough House.

All these’ deals are struck by
Officials either in Pretoria or in
Harare. The details are not pub-
lished in the newspapers in Zim-
babwe and even businessmen are
often kept guessing. This is the “se-
cret” side of the game..

P ublicly, of course, the govern-
ment abuses SA and is allowed to
do so by the canny South Africans.
Sometimes Pretoria gets annoyed
or; more to the point, appears as if
it is arinoyed with the rhetoric and
cracks a whip. This happened in
July 1983, when the preferential
tariff agreement had to be re-
newed.

Initially, Pretoria refused to
sign the deal. Intermediaries —
black and white Zimbabweans —
scurried south only to be told that
‘the deal would not go through un-
less two black Ministers visited
Pretoria. This was impossible, so
the Zimbabweans begged and
scraped till finally Pretoria agreed
to send a team of officials to Har-
are.

There are some who feel this
delicate game of abusing above;
licking below, ended on May 19 this

ear when the South Africans

mbed the ANC offices in Harare.
It was as if SA had broken the
rules; after that the Zimbabweans
could no longer be certain of the
South African response. Accord-
ingly, they see the rhetoric getting

more and more’ emotional after
that date: on Soweto day, July 16,

Mugabe spoke publicly of “killin;
the Boer P y 8

L. the first week of August, with-
out consulting his cabinet, he an-
nounced at. Marlborough House
that he would go.along with Com-
monwealth sanctions. On August 8,
on his return from Lorfdon, he gave
a media conference where he reaf-
firmed his stand on sanctions, pas-
sionately declaring that his people
would live on “one mealie meal a
day” if necessary. «

On August 29, at his media con-
ference on the eve of the NAM
summit, Mugabe committed Zim-
babwe to sanctions which NAM
would agree to over and above the
Commonwealth. package. .

At this same media conference
he tried to pretend that the July 31
preferential tariff agreement was
merely a “routine matter” which
had been signed by officials (“I was
not aware it had been signed”) and
said it would be overridden by the
London decision to impose Com-
monwealth sanctions.

He fooled nobody. That renewal
was not a routine matter and Com-
monwealth sanctions are not goin;
to be imposed in a hurry. Indeed,
the game now is to pitch higher
and higher, to ask for universal
mandatory sanctions, so that you
are not obliged to impose any sanc-
tions.at all “till everyone agrees”.

There are other reasons to be-
lieve that the sanctions rhetoric is
just a distraction. True, Mugabe is
an idealist and would dearly like to
be seen as the man who led the
West into the struggle against SA.

But he is also a pragmatic man
who has behaved circumspectly so
as not to damage Zimbabwe's eco-
nomy. And as Pik Botha told a
black Zimbabwean intermedia)
recently: “We are pleased witl
Robert. We want him to be held in
high esteem throughout the world.
It is better that we should trade
with tough ‘radicals’ than with
puppets like Banda.”

On August 6, when the South Af-
ricans cracked the whip again by
closing the border at Beit Bridge
and trucks began to pile up, the
contingency planning committee
of the Zimbabwean government,



Briefs
Escudo Zone Studied

UGANDA
Politicizations Exercises for NRA
(THE EQUATOR, 15 Oct 86) .. seeee
Soviet Friendship Group Donates Cash
(AFRICAN DEFENCE JOURNAL, Oct 86) .. eevee
Farmers To Receive Seeds, Services
(Betty Balirwa; NEW VISION, 17 Oct 86) .scecescsecccsccece
ZAMBIA
FRG Journal Reviews Key Role of Kaunda in Sanctions Conflict
(Hans Jakob Ginsburg; DIE ZEIT, 15 Aug 86) ...cesceceecees
ZIMBABWE

Radio Truth Warns Against Orchestrated Protests
(Radio Truth in Ndebele to Zimbabwe, 31 Oct 86) ...

New Protocol To Enhance Trade Level With USSR
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Oct 86) ..

New Educational Structure on Way
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 19 Oct 86) ..

Firms Called Upon To Give Jobs to Black Architects
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 19 Oct 86) .ccvccceccccccccccceccscecoes

Police Blamed for Rising Crime Rate
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 12 Oct 86) ..secceceecccececcceccrcceres

Musician Tour Will Raise Funds for ANC
(THE HERALD, 13 Oct 86) cesceceeccsceeccececrccsccescccees

Country's Exports Up by 7 Percent in Real Terms
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Oct 86) .sccecesessceccececcees

UK Outstrips RSA as Largest Export Market
(THE HERALD, 24 Oct 86) .secececcevccccccccvcvcceccceccees

Export Costs Worry Local Textile Industry
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Oct. 86) ..ecccccecccccccceveccs

Japanese Line Introduces New Monthly Service to Beira
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Oct 86) ..cccececececcceccceees

33

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36

37

41

43

45

46

47

48

50

52

53



society. For this reason Kaunda recognizes no enemy more evil than
apartheid, but for this same reason he expresses enthusiasm for any white
who adopts the cause of the black freedom fighters as his own. It was the
Canadian and Australian prime ministers, as he affirmed in London, that
dissuaded him from the idea of leaving the Commonwealth in anger at
Margaret Thatcher. Moreover, the Queen, church leaders and union officials,
he said, had given him to understand that he had good friends even in
today's England.

No one spoke to Kenneth Kaunda publicly in London about the consequences
for his own country of a policy of sanctions against South Africa. The
moralist from Zambia would of course have answered, no sacrifice is to be
shrunk from in the struggle against injustice: it was with similar
reasoning that he explained his costly commitment to the struggle of the
Zimbabwe guerrillas against the white regime of the Rhodesia of that time.
Black African diplomats, who reason more soberly, are today coming to the
conclusion that tough sanctions against Pretoria would really not inflict
any more problems on its black neighbors than does the continuing status
quo of white dominance on the Cape. In this connection, a research
institute in the Zimbabwan capital of Harare put together the following
calculation: Pretoria has inflicted $10 billion in damage on its neighbors
in recent years by financing guerrilla fighters in the neighboring states,
having rail lines and roads destroyed, bombing supposed bases of the South
African ANC, and bringing disorder to the economies of the frontline

states through sabotage and bribes. Therefore, concluded the scholors,
black Africa has also an economic interest in the struggle against white (7?)
Africa. It is, however, still by no means certain that states like Zimbabwe
and Zambia will themselves participate in all the sanctions for which

they have appealed to the industrialized West.

All these deliberations are of course going forward without consultation
with the gentlemen in Pretoria. South Africa did, after all, react
promptly to the London Commonwealth decisions: at the border post of Beit
Bridge, South African customs officials have since last week been stopping
all trucks carrying goods for the anti-apartheid neighbor states of Zimbabwe
and Zambia, having them unloaded, and checking goods and papers--not indeed
as revenge for the attitude of Kaunda and the Zimbabwan Robert Mugabe in
London, but in order "to produce reliable trade statistics," as the
government in Pretoria sanctimoniously made known. This was just the first
step: in recent weeks Zambia's importers have had to put up a high
customs bond for all goods they wish to import by way of South African
ports and roads, so high that the effect on the heavily indebted, exchange-
poor inland states is equivalent to a blockade. Kenneth Kaunda's state,
which lacks its own access to the sea, last year handled about 40 percent
of its exports and over 60 percent of its imports through South Africa.

Zambia, the world's fifth greatest copper producer, has become a miserably
poor country since the fall of copper prices in the seventies. Because
Kenneth Kaunda and his advisers staked everything on the metal in the
first years after independence, Zambia's neglected agriculture is under-
developed, slums have grown up on the edges of Zambia cities (only three

38



SOUTH AFRICA

CONSERVATIVES CRITICIZE U.S. HUMAN RIGHTS EFFORTS
MBO10913 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0901 GMT 1 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 1 November, SAPA--The Conservative Party [CP] has hit-out
at the U.S. Government for "trying to manipulate" the political direction of
South Africa by funding human rights projects. In a statement issued today, the
CP said the increased funding of so-called "human rights" projects aimed at so-
called "disadvantaged South Africans is blatant political interference and is
obviously aimed at the destruction of the existing political structures in this
country.

The statement said the U.S. Government would be well advised to mind its own
business as its track record regarding interference in the internal affairs of
sovereign states is catastrophic. Most countries which have adopted American
recipes for "reform" have ended up in the communist camp and the CP refuses to
allow this to happen to South Africa.

What is even more astounding is the willingness of the South African Govern-
ment to allow undermining organisations like the United States information
Service to freely continue with its programme of sowing dissent within the
South African community. If they really wanted to help "disadvantaged" South
Africans, they should rather invest these millions in providing employment
opportunities where they are really needed. Funding black trade unions is
the same as funding a political movement in this country.

Changing voter trends within the white community will ensure the election of
a Conservative Party government in the near future. The CP will not allow
money into the country for funding this type of activity, no matter which
country of origin. Furthermore, we do not believe other countries will
retaliate as we respect the sovereignty of all countries and would never in-
terfere in their affairs.

/12232
CsO: 3400/356

69



SOUTH AFRICA

UCASA SAYS RSA RENEGING ON FORCED REMOVALS POLICY
MB292008 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1938 GMT 29 Oct 86

[Text] Pretoria, 29 October, SAPA--The government should avoid a repeat of the
Kwandebele/Moutse area disaster and abandon its plans to move the people from
Brits' black Oukasie township to Lethabile, 25 km away, Mr Tom Boyam deputy
president of the Urban Councils Association of South Africa [UCASA] said today.

In a statement in Pretoria he said UCASA expressed "in the strongest terms to
carry out (the) forced removals."

Referring to the abolition by proclamation of the township recently, with the
stipulation that the remaining 10,000 people had to move to lethabile, Mr Boya
said "it is shocking and unreliable of the government to renege on its stated
policy on the issue of forced removals, especially in the light of its recent
announcements on reforms."

The government should realise the contradiction of policy statements would ul-
timately hamper the credibility it was desperately trying to establish.

"I wish to reiterate that although we at UCASA are strongly in favour of up-
grading black townships in whatever manner, we are strongly opposed to and abhor
forced removals and (those) in Oukasie are no exception."

The government's efforts to upgrade black townships was welcomed and appreciated,
but UCASA wanted to emphasise once again the planning for this should be done in
consultation with the people affected so their needs were accommodated.

"The fact that the alternative settlement to Oukasie is situated on trust land
bordering Bophuthatswana creates suspicion and uncertainty among the Oukasie
residents because the government may intend to have the area incorporated into
Bophuthatswana."

The government's decision could only be seen as ill-fated efforts to please
the "verkrampte" [ultra conservative] white constituency in Brits.

He asked why the government could not do in Oukasie what it did in Alexandra
by letting the residents stay and at the same time upgrade the township.

78



920098

JPRS-SSA-86-118
1 DECEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

DTTC QUALITY msEEersy 2

19960219 159.

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| REPRODUCED BY |
i U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE }
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

= : 136


New Flexible, Bridge Designed for Railway
(Boniface Ablekpe; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 13 Oct 86) ...

Efforts To Increase Diamond Production, Export Detailed
(Adwoa Van~Ess; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 9 Oct 86) ..seece

Timber, Wood Product Export Earnings
(Kwame Penni; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 20 Oct 86) .....see

Briefs
Prestea Goldfield Rehabilitation
Southern Sector Cotton Acreage

GUINEA BISSAU

Privatization Up for Study
(AED, 25 Oct 86) cesesecccccceccectcrccceeeesecceeeeenees

KENYA

Delegate to Islamic Call Congress on Conversion, Needed Changes
Qfahmoud .Okello Interview; AL-DAAWA AL-ISLAMIA, 1 Oct 86)

Briefs
Ugandan Minister Brings Message for Moi

MALAWI

Northern Road Tenders Due
(AED, 25 Oct 86) ..cceeecceeeeees

MOZAMBIQUE

t
Banks Reject Debt Request
(AED, 25 Oct 86) cecceccscccecscceceececrsseecceeeeensees

Briefs
UK Defense Company Delivers First Consignment

NIGERIA

OPEC President Lukman Cited on Oil Prices
(Lagos Domestic Service, 31 Oct 86) .

Briefs
Dam Project Funding
Indian Naval Chief Visit

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

President Reaffirms Portuguese Economic Presence
(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 24 Sep 86) ...cscecececceccccecceees

-b-

15

16

17

18

19

21

24

25

27

28

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30

31



stretch of road between Mchinji and Kasungu, and detailed engineering design
work on the 113-kilometre Nkhot Akota~Kasungu section. Funding is being
sought from AfDB.

Ministry officials would not disclose when they propose to announce the

winner. SWKP and Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, also of the UK, have applied,
sources close to the project say.

13046
CsO: 3400/358

26



MOZAMBICAN REFUGEES IN GAZANKULU FEAR BEING REPATRIATED

8

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 24 Oct 86 p 5

[Article by Sophie Tema]

[Text]

MOZAMBICAN refugees who have
fled the onslaught of the Mozambique
National Resistance (MNR) have
vowed not to return to their country
even if ‘the situation there returns to
normal.

‘Those who are already settled in
the camps say. they now see them-
selves as South Africans, despite a
recent warning from the Department
of Home Affairs that they would be
repatriated once trouble-tors
Mozambique returned to ni

Already, schemes involving schools
and farming projects are being im-
plemented by ation Hunger to
assist about 18
families given asylum by the Gazan-
kulu government in the Kildare, Thu-

i, Lilydale and other areas
of the homeland.

“Hundreds of other refugees, men
and women, are still languishing in a
transit camp in the area hoping. to
trace their relatives to enable
to get refugee status.

e plight of thousands more refu-
gees who fled to KaNgwane, Lebowa
and Swaziland has yet to be attended

to.

Business Day visited the Lilydale
camp, where about 3 000 refugee fam-
they teat all ey Pesce hed the of

lost all they when they
fled the MNR. y

And, as the war continues in
Mozambique, more people flee across
the border into the homeland.

starving refugee ~

+ refuse to pay

85

Some of the runaways have sought
employment on né farms,
complaints have already been re-
ceived by the Catholic: Mission in
Gazankulu that farmers take advan-
tage of the plight of the refugees by
“employing” them and then refusing

© Peatholie said: “These
lives to get into

(hey want is to'save themselves from
the violence in Mozambique.

“And when they find jobs farmers
em and, instead,
threaten to report them to the au-
thorities if they complain. They then
have no option but to stay on.

“We know of some who earn less
than R50 a month for their labour, but
they do not complain — instead they
say they would rather work for ‘pea-
nuts’ than go back'to Mozambique.”

Albino Chihess, acting as overseer
of the refugee camp, said: “We fled
when we could no longer tolerate the
conditions under which we had to live.

“Some women living here in the
camp were forced to flee their homes,
lea their husbands in Mozam-
bique — and some men had to leave

ind homes and wives.

“We saw how our livestock was
slaughtered and our possessions tak-
en away.

“We fave seen how some of our
helpless men, women and children



SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI WARNS BOTWA AGAINST IGNORING POPULAR WILL
°
MB300755 Johannesburg SAPA in English 071 GMT 30 Oct 85

[Text] Port Elizabeth, 30 October, SAPA--Chief Mangosuthu Buthélezi today dis-
counted prophecies of inevitable disaster for South Africa and said the state
president, Mr P.W. Botha, had the power to bring about a new fully non-racial
dispensation already accepted in the hearts and minds of its people. The ques-
tion now was whether Afrikaners had learnt to be Africans of Africa or whether
they would perish" as aliens from abroad who were incapable of abandoning politi-
cal tyranny," Chief Buthelezi told students and staff at the University of Port
Elizabeth.

He said he personally believed Mr Botha to be sincere in his commitment to nego-
tiation. But he warned that if the state president thought he had the whip
hand because his party controlled Parliament, black South Africa would abandon
attempts to use the parliamentary process to ratify the decisions of the people.
Black South Africa would then destroy Parliament, he said. There was now no
time left to generate a whole [word indistinct] response to the current crises,
the KwaZulu chief minister and Inkatha president said. "We already have the
answer or we do not."

The Karios document (drawn up by certain churches) held that there was nothing
left but to bring about "the downfall of the tryant, and the ANC said the only
option was to tear society apart, smash the economy and establish a "peoples
government." Chief Buthelezi said he believed they were wrong and that

Mr Botha had now to "play midwife to a new South Africa already conceived and
already accepted in the hearts and minds of the people." The analyses foretell-
ing only doom were limited because of their underlying failure to understand
the richness of man's ingenuity in regulating the affairs of society, he said.
If it were not for this, there would indeed be no hope for South Africa, he
added. Chief Buthelezi said he was aware that (as the Kairos document held)
tyrants did not abandon tyranny voluntarily. Apartheid was not being abandoned
voluntarily but because it had been opposed, he said, adding it could not sub-
jugate the minds and hearts of the people.

Those who saw the NGK (Dutch Reformed Church) synod as "scuttling to define
racism as a sin and jumping off the sinking apartheid ship like a rat" miscon-
ceived South Africa. This was an historic move a long time in the making, and
it supported his belief that there was an all-race, groundswell demand for the
normalisation of South African society.

80



CAPE VERDE

BRIEFS

SAA TO CONTINUE TO USE SAL AIRPORT-~South African Airways (SAA) is likely to
be allowed to continue to use Sal airport as a refuelling stop on its flights
from Europe, President Pereira indicated in an interview with Agence France-
Presse on 20 October. The country may lose revenues of $3 million a year
with the suspension of SAA flights to and from the US, following the recent
US Senate vote in favour of tougher sanctions against Pretoria (AED 11:10:86,
Southern Africa Monitor). Sal airport's total activities earn the country
nearly half its foreign exchange earnings. However SAA is not a major user
of Sal, having only one stop a week on the southbound London-Johannesburg
route and no stops northbound. Pereira described Cape Verde's position as
similar to that of the front-line states in its economic dependence on South
Africa. Cape Verde condemns apartheid but is in no position to impose
sanctions itself, he said. [Text] [London AED in English 25 Oct 86 p 9] /13046

NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN--Cape Verde's 1986-90 national development plan was
studied at a UN Development Programme (UNDP) round-table meeting in Geneva on
22-23 October. Nine donor countries and eight multilateral development
institutions were expected to be represented. Donors were expected to discuss
the plan's overall cost and the prioritisation of sectors within it. A
further meeting is scheduled to be held in Praia from 30 November-4 December,
to which 44 countries as well as international and regional organisations
have been invited. [Text] [London AED in English 25 Oct 86 p 9] /13046

cso: 3400/358



ZIMBABWE

UK OUTSTRIPS RSA AS LARGEST EXPORT MARKET
Harare THE HERALD in English 24 Oct 86 p C3

[Text] The Government's drive to find alternative export markets appears to
be bearing fruit, with statistics showing that last year the United Kingdom
overtook South Africa as our major export market and exports to SADCC
countries are steadily increasing.

According to the latest issue of RAL Merchant Bank's Executive Guide to the
Economy, the value of trade with South Africa fell last year.

Exports to that country fell from $232,2 million in 1984 to $178,5 million
last year and, as a proportion of total exports excluding gold, the value of
goods exported fell to 10,1 percent from 16,2 percent in the previous year.
Imports from South Africa amounted to $275,2 million or 18,3 percent of total
imports compared with $231,8 million or 19,3 percent in 1984.

"To some extent, the fall in exports to South Africa was caused by falling
demand in South Africa and the relative weakness of the rand against the
Zimbabwe dollar. There was also some effort to find alternative markets for
Zimbabwe's goods in the face of calls for sanctions against South Africa,"
said the guide.

The United Kingdom ranked as Zimbabwe's largest export market in 1985, out-
stripping South Africa for the first time in many years. With the weak rand,
South Africa was the cheapest source of Zimbabwe's raw materials and other
imported requirements. However, this advantage has become less apparent
recently as the rand exchange rate has added significantly to South Africa's
domestic inflation.

The volume of trade with SADCC countries rose slightly last year, and is
thought to be rising further this year. Imports from Zambia increased by
28 percent last year while those from Botswana rose 6.5 percent.

Zimbabwe's exports, including gold sales, totalled $1 766,7 million last

year compared with $1 430,7 million on 1984--or 23 percent in money terms
and 7 percent in terms of real value in relation to the weakened dollar.

50

|



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ARAHWU SEEKS RECOGNITION--The African Railways Harbours and Allied Workers
Union (Arahwu) is to seek recognition from South African Transport Services.
A union spokesman said it had resolved at its general meeting at the weekend
to: Seek a recognition agreement with SATS. Promote a working relationship
with SATS and transport sector employers. Work towards the unity of all black
workers. Demonstrate the difference between Arahwu and SATS' black staff
association - which the union claimed was a “stooge” organisation. The union
elected a national executive council and committee. Office bearers' names
were not revealed for fear of harassment. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in
English 28 Oct 86 p 10] /13104

WHITE TEACHERS LAUNCH NEW BODY--The new white teachers' body, the Teachers'
Federal Council (TFC), will be launched in Durban tomorrow to replace the
Federal Council of Teachers' Associations and South African Teachers' Council.
The TFC will negotiate conditions of service, deal with professional
disciplinary matters and conduct registration of teachers. At tomorrow's
meeting, a chairman, vice-chairman and office bearers will be appointed and
TFC policy and constitution discussed. Eight national and provincial
associations are represented. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30
Oct 86 p 4] /13104

POST OFFICE UNABLE TO TRAIN ALL TECHNICIANS--The Post Office is no longer
prepared, nor financially able, to train technicians on a scale to meet the
needs of the entire country, Personnel and Postal Services Deputy
Postmaster-General Johann de Villiers said yesterday. We said the electronic
industry should start training staff. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 23 Oct 86 p 2] /13104

UNIVERSITY NEEDS FUND INCREASE--The trust funds of the University of the
Orange Free State (UOFS) must be increased to about R50m if the challenges
that face tertiary education are to be met in the near future, says university
rector Professor Wynand Mouton. [Text] [Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in
English 28 Oct 86 p 15] /13104

CSO: 3400/368

92



In addition, he said, the administrator of the Transvaal had investigated the
establishment of RSC's in the eastern Transvaal and the Vereening-Vanderbijlpark
region.

A consultation meeting would be held in the northern Transvaal on 3 November,
while other meetings had been held in the western Transvaal.

Investigations would also be held shortly into the establishment of RSC's in
the Cape southern region and the northern Cape.

Mr Heunis said draft financial regulations for the councils had been drawn up
by the Department of Finance and the Coordinating Council had recommended that
regulations necessary for the setting up of the RSC's be published in the
government gazette.

The Coordinating Council had also appointed a working committee under the
direction of the Institute of Town Clerks to draft standing orders to ensure
orderly conduct at meetings of the RSC's.

Mr Heunis also announced that the Coordinating Council had recommended that
the government subsidise RSC's in rural areas.

"The financing of regional services councils for rural areas cannot take place
in exactly the same manner as the financing of metropolitan regional services
councils.

"The Coordinating Council has taken cognisance of this situation and confirmed
the government's acceptance of continuous subsidisation" for rural RSC's.

Mr Heunis said metropolitan RSC's would to a large extent by self-supporting
and the treasury would thus be able to subsidise the rural councils "in part."

The minister also referred to training of local government staff and said this
was not progressing satisfactorily.

A number of courses had been presented and some provinces had achieved "re-
markable success" but the Coordinating Council had nevertheless decided that
the action should be speeded up.

/12232
CsO: 3400/356

71



Spanish cooperation would involve the health, education and professional
training, transportation and agricultural sectors.

The delegation which accompanied Pinto da Costa included Minister of Foreign
Affairs Fradique Menezes, Minister of Planning and Commerce Agostinho da
Silveira Rita and Minister of Health Frederico Sequeira.

Pinto da Costa said that he did not discuss the subject of the acceptance by
Sao Tome and Principe of the alleged members of the Military ETA expelled from
France with Felipe Gonzalez, nor was this question raised in Paris.

Since the third week in August, ETA member Alfonso Etxagarai has been in Sao
Tome and Principe. Having been expelled from France in the spring of last
year, he went to Ecuador, and has now been sent to Sao Tome.

“We explained to the Spanish prime minister what our policy has been and we
indicated our desire for cooperation," Pinto da Costa said.

As to the possibility that Sao Tome will welcome more ETA members, the
president explained that “Anything which is a humanitarian gesture we are
prepared to do, for anyone at all, insofar as we can."

Pinto da Costa denied that there were any negotiations with his country
concerning acceptance of Domingo Iturbe Abasolo Txomin, regarded as the
“number one man” of the Military ETA.

“Our humanitarianism has no limits in these matters, except those imposed by
our own internal situation, that of our territory and other factors," he said.

5157
C80: 3442/18

32



NEW EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE ON WAY

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 19 Oct 86 p 1

[Text]

/13104
cso:

2400/

a

66

THE Ministry of Education is now drawing up a new
structure and content of education which will put its
emphasis on development of science and technology,
says the minister, Dr Dzingai Mutumbuka.

Speaking at Goromonzi Secondary School’s par-
rents day yesterday Cde Mutumbuka said there was a
need for specialist teachers in science.

He said his ministry wants to. raise the quality
of education and localise the examination system.
“My ministry has doubled ita pursuit of the policy of
education with production, and in order for Zimba-
bwe to enter the 21st century, it needs highly skilled
manpower,” he said.

The parents day was attended by more than 500
people including schoolchildren, Fifty students received
book prizes tor their’ outstanding performances
throughout the year. ‘

Like many other schools in Zimbabwe, Goromonzi
Nas had to increase its enrolment, particularly the
Form One and lower sixth intakes.

This year it faced a 200 percent enrolment with
a total number of 936 pupils,

According to Cde Mutumbuka, the enrolment at
secondary schools hag risen from 66000 in 1980 to
550 000 this year. .

In his address to the pupils and parents, the
school’s headmaster, Cde Jeremiah Masaraure, said
there were plans to build more :classrooms at the
school. In line with the minister’s speech, he said he
was going to emphasise education with production to
fully establish self-reliance at the school. i

‘Tho Parents ‘Teachers Association hag carried out
a number of projects at the school. It bought the
school mattresses, water pipes for agricultural projects.
and two television sets.

A fund-raising club at the school has go far raised
#400 to restock the library.

‘The school is also we!l known for its high pass
rates each year, and last year it had a 72 percent
bass rate in O-level and 83 percent in A-level exami-
nations,

Also present at the occasion were the MP tor
Goromonzi, Cde Kenneth Bute, the Governor of Ma-
shonaland East, Senator Rwizi Zlyenge, and other
Government officials.

44

ZIMBABWE



/13046
cso:

1985/86 marketing” year 285.000
tonnes of maize were exported.
Zimbabwe sold 200 000 tonnes to
South Africa earlier this year, but
an additional sale of 250 000 tonnes
has not yet been concluded. In the
first four months of the 1986/87
marketing year exports of grain
reached 205 000 tonnes. For the
marketing year as a whole, over
800 000 tonnes is likely to be ex-
ported,.RAL stated. Other major
‘icultural export earners were cot-
ton, sugar and coffee, which in fact
earned more than maize, totalling
$250m in 1985.
Mineral export earnings have yet
to recover their 1970 levels, but
gold production has increased since

3400/349

49

1980 and bullion exports earned
Zimbabwe $199,1m in 1985. For
the first half of 1986 gold export
revenues, RAL states have been
““substantial’’, Provisional figures
indicate that exports of ferro-alloys
increased from $155m in 1984 to
$170m in 1985, nickel from $63m
to $83,9, and copper from $31,1m
to $36,9m. Iron and steel exports in-
creased in value by 25,9%.
Zimbabwe's visible trade surplus
in 1985 of $266,9m was a 16% im-
provement over the previous year,
based on the first three quarters of
1985. However RAL estimates that
the balance on the current account
will show a shortfall, principally
due to rising service payments.



FIRMS CALLED UPON TO GIVE JOBS TO BLACK ARCHITECTS

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 19 Oct 86 p 4

{Text ]

Urging -the archiitec-
tural firms to move with
the times, the country’s
only black full member of
the Institute of Ar-
chitects of Zimbabwe and
of the Council of Ar-
chitects, -Cde Vernon
Mwamuka, told The Sun-
day Mail in an interview
that black. architects
trained outside Zimbabwe
could not get employed
by architectural firms he-
cause they lacked ex-
perience from where they
had trained and were
turned down by. the
white-dominated firms on
their return from abroad.

“To get round that
hurdle, I would like to
take this opportunity to
urge the blacks to spend
at least two years in
their countries of train-
ing to gain experience by
working there before
returning home,” Cde
‘Mwemuka said.

Cde- Mwamuka noted
that there was “a bit of
conservatisia” on the
part of the existing ar-
chitectural practices
when it came to engaging
blacks, “We need more
blacks to come into the
profession since there were
not many who ever
thought of joining the
profession before.”

/12104
CSO: 3400/2566

‘Many more blacks were
being exposed to the pro-
fession. which they did
not know about in the
past and hat was gen-
erating some interest, but
the numbers were still
few compared to whites
as it took not less than
seven years for one to be
fully trained.

‘Another disadvantage
faced by black architects
was that they were
trained in countries where
emphasis was placed on
high-rise accommodation
and public buildings
which was not the case in
Zimbabwe, As a result,
they often had to learn ar-
tistic and low-cost and
middle-income house de-
signs, which were com-
mon to the Zimbabwean
private sector.

“Joining Government
and municipalities still to
some extent, left the ar-
chitects inexperienced 2s
the Government and the
country’s municipalities
also depended on the
private sector to design
taajor buildings and pro-
jects.”

Cde Mwamuka, (31) an
associate partner with a
firm of architects was
‘born at Bonda Mission
and educated at St
Augustine's Mission, Pen-
halonga. He gained his

45

ZIMBABWE

first degree in Architec-
ture from the. Universtity
of .Glasgow in Scotland in
1978, He also did an ad-
vanced diploma in ar-
chitecture in London.

Another factor - which
discourages black ar-
chitects from joining the
private sector was the
need to sit and ‘pass the
professional examinations
before being admitted aa
a-member of the Institute
of ‘Architects of Zim-
pbabwe and automatically
the council of architects.
One did not need to sit
the examination to join
the Government or muni--
cipalities.

“One vannot possibly
practise on his own as a
non-member of the in-
stitute and the council as
he would find it ex-
tremely difficult to find
clients. It also takes time
to. establish oneself in the
profession.”

In order -to survive, an
architect needed projects
costing more than $5 mil-
lion @ year and many
more commissions be-
tween the inception and
completion of each pro-
ject as the operational
overheads in the pro-

fession are phenomenel,
said Cde Mwalnulea,



OPEN-AIR RALLIES GAINING POPULARITY IN N. TRANSVAAL
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 Oct 86 p 4

[Article by Dirk Nel]

{Text ] PIETERSBURG — Open-air rallies seem to have
become a permanent part of the Afrikaner in-
fighting in the volatile Political climate of the
Northern Transvaal.

This weekend, the leader of the Conservative
Party, Dr Andries Treurnicht, travels to Pieters
burg to address a meeting at the local Sports sta-
dium and this is expécted to be a huge show of
right-wing strength: Te

Braaivleis and other trimmings have been ar-
ranged to attract: conservatives from the whole
region. = .

Last weekend, the leader of the Afrikaner
Weerstandsbeweging, Mr. Eugene Terreblanche,
was the guest speaker at'a “boer carnival” at the
Same venue. ‘x

Coming so soon after the Na-
tional Party’s successful inva-
sion of the AWB’s Potgietersrus
stronghold, when President P W
Botha addressed about 1000
people at an. open-air venue,
these rallies are seen by Nats in
the north as an attempt by the
right-wing alliance to re-assert
its authority in the area.

Not that this was necessary as
Mr Terreblanche drew a much;
larger crowd than Mr Botha
during his same-night stand at
another open-air venue in Pot-
gietersrus.

/13104
CSO: 3400/265

74

SOUTH AFRICA

“The advent of open-air ral-
lies can be ascribed to the fact
that political feelings in the
north run higher than in other
Parts of the country and, conse-
quently, more people attend,”
said a leading Nationalist,

GRASS ROOTS

“But we are doing our home-
work at grass roots level. and
have no intention of matching
right-wing numbers at open-air
rallies,” he added.

As if to endorse this view, the
NP’s Northern Transvaal chair-
man, Mr Piet du Plessis, will
address a public meeting in a
school hall in Louis Trichardt
tonight.

The meeting is intended to be
a launching pad for new NP
plans to win back the Soutpans-
berg seat from the CP’s Mr Tom:
Langley.

In any event, Plenty of open-
air fist-shaking, featuring the
“Big Four” (Mr PW Botha, Mr
Pik Botha, Dr Treurnicht, and
Mr Terreblanche) is on the
cards for the new year.

They are believed to be the
only speakers able to consistent-
ly draw large crowds in the
area.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

KHAYELITSHA HOUSING PROJECT--Cape Town, 31 October, SAPA--The key to the first
of 90 houses built under the job creation scheme at Khayelitsha near Cape Town
at a cost of about R900,000, was handed over to its owner today. Sponsored
jointly by the Department of Manpower, the Western Cape Training Centre and the
Office of Community Services of the provincial administration, this pilot pro-
ject introduced an innovative way of building low-income housing with labour
intensive methods, thereby creating jobs opportunities at the same time, SABC
radio news reports. Three similar projects will be tackled next year--125
houses in Langa, Nyanga and Guguletu, the erection of four creches and the
building of a workshop for handicapped people in Khayelitsha. [Text]
[Johannesburg SAPA in English 1111 GMT 31 Oct 86 MB] /12232

CROSSROADS FACTIONS AGREE TO PEACE--A black affairs official says Crossroads
squatter leaders forced off their land by witdoeke [white scarves] in May have
agreed to make peace. Timo Bezuidenhout says Crossroads leader Johnson
Ngxobongwana and three squatter leaders agreed to this during a 2-hour meeting
yesterday. It was allegedly agreed each leader would report back to his
followers and then get together to see how they could make peace. Asked
whether the peace agreement raised the possibility of refugees being able to
return at some stage, Mr Bezuidenhout said he could not comment. The affected
area is presently being upgraded, in line with the government's original plan

for Crossroads. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 1300 GMT 1 Nov 86 MB)
/12232

cso: 3400/355



out of five Zambians are still living in villages, the lowest proportion
in all black Africa), and the government in Lusaka has finally had to
submit to severe austerity conditions from the IMF. Lusaka simply cannot
meet Pretoria's vexatious demands.

Kaunda's state is thus almost cut off from the world market: the roads
north, into neighboring Zaire, end somewhere in the jungle; the railroads
and roads to the Atlantic, through the neighboring state of Angola, are
destroyed again and again by the Angolan rebels in alliance with South
Africa; the southern neighbors of Botswana and Zimbabwe are inland countries
like Zambia itself. Zimbabwe is even more economically dependent on South
Africa than is Zambia.

Thus, only the way to the east remains for Zambia: this would go through
an area in Mozambique that is also controlled by rebels financed by South
Africa--Zimbabwe's premier Mugabe has started talking about freeing this
route with his own troops. Or, should this fail, the only way left would
be to the northeast, through neighboring Tanzania. In the sixties, when
Zambia was surrounded on three sides by white regimes (the Portuguese
ruled in Angola and Mozambique, the settler leader Ian Smith in today's
Zimbabwe), Tanzania and Zambia had the Chinese build them a railroad line
that was always more successful as propaganda than as economics: the line
was prone to breakdowns (without anyone's ever making the repairs) and,

at the Dar-es-Salaam terminus, the port facilities proved inadequate.

The Tanzania Zambia Railway could nevertheless now become a saving supply
artery for Zambia and Zimbabwe--as long as none of the roads and rail lines
farther south is secure from the attacks of the South Africans and their
plack allies.

Does Kenneth Kaunda know what he is risking for his own country as spokesman
for a hardline sanctions policy? The president of the impoverished copper
republic understands but little about economic relationships, but by that
very token he understands all the more about the political constellation

in the south of his continent. As continuous host of the black exile
leadership of South Africa--ANC chief Oliver Tambo has developed into a
close friend of Kaunda's--he feels sure that a black revolution is impending
in the republic on the Cape. A thoroughgoing sanctions policy is intended
to force the whites to yield before it comes to a great ploodbath in a

race war.

Kaunda has, of course, never belonged to the radicals who have been yearing
for the advent of the final struggle. Over the protests of black national-
ists he met twice, in 1975 and in 1982, with South African heads of state;
despite the hardliners' reservations, he organized a conference in Lusaka
between the Namibian liberation organization Swapo and its Southwest
African opponent in 1984; despite all the black South Africans’ anti-
American and anti-capitalist feeling, he is working even today to get
Washington and Oliver Tambo's ANC into conversation with one another.
Kaunda's earlier attempts at mediation failed, and he can no longer
visualize an accommodation with President Botha. Therefore, as Kaunda

39



JPRS-SSA-86-118
1 DECEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Frontline States To Resist Imposing Sanctions

(Xan Smiley; BUSINESS DAY, 6 Oct 86) .. seeeeee 1
Soviets Seen To Have Few Strong Allies in Region
(Dhiren Bhagat; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Oct 86) ..seseeeeeseeees 3
ACCE Urges Improved Communications Systems
(THE HERALD, 14 Oct 86) wecececeveccccscccccccccceeresces 6
SADCC Meets To Encourage Investment in Region
(THE HERALD, 20 Oct 86) .csceseccsceeccecececrcrcscsreres 7
CAPE VERDE
Briefs
SAA To Continue To Use Sal Airport 8
National Development Plan 8
GAMBIA

GPP Leader on Party Formation, Confederation, Goals
(Assan Musa Camara Interview; LE DEVOIR, Oct 86) ..

GHANA

New System for Recruiting Militiamen Announced
(Sulley Agholisi; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 22 Oct 86) .... 12

Agreement Signed With FAO on Rice Milling Project
(Gillian Heathcote, Judith Bagiro; GHANAIAN TIMES,
9 Oct 86) wee

see eececene 13

China Embarks on Integrated Rice Irrigation Project
(Kwaku Nehemiah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 22 Oct 86) ..... 14

-a-



ECONOMIC GROWTH PREDICTED--A real rise in government consumption and a fall
in the stock-depletion rate will contribute to economic growth in 1987, says
Southern Life's latest Economic Comment, Economist Michael Daly expects 4%
growth in real government consumption, and an increase in stocks, to con-
tribute to real GDP growth of 2% in 1986 and 3%-4% in 1987, Private-
consumption expenditure, it is forecast, will show zero real growth this
year, but a rise in real GDP of at least 3% next year. At the same time,
Daly says "no material increase in real fixed investment can be expected be~
fore the economic outlook is significantly improved and capacity-utilisation
rates have risen from the current 79,1%, the lowest in at least 10 years."
The firmer gold price could bring sharp salary and wage increases, [Text]
[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 86 p 3] /9274

NATAL LOSING THOUSANDS OF JOBS--Unemployment is on the increase in Natal, a
Natal University survey has found--and in Port Elizabeth about 3,000 workers
face unemployment if General Motors pulls out, Thousands of Maritzburg resi-
dents are’ now unemployed, a Natal University Development Research Groups
survey-~carried out in the area in late July and August--has found. Black
women are the worst hit. Comparing unemployment figures among the city's
waces, the report give this breakdown: whites (12,528), coloured (2,532),
Indian (14,944) and African (46,312)--dominated by 54,728 unemployed black
women, "In the black labour force 2.7% of males and 27.8% of females are un-
employed, On own classification the gap widens to 27.3% and 35\5% respective-
ly', said the report,' “The unemployed are relatively young. About 80% are
under 35 years of age, 46% less than 25 years old and 15% under 20 years of
age." The study found unemployment had worsened over the past 12 months.
Sobantu township was the only area where unemployment declined since mid-1985,
~-Concerning General Motors in PE, considerable confusion has been caused by
contradictory statements about plans to withdraw from SA. The news from the
US this week that GM was considering its withdrawal from SA due to the slack
economic conditions and the "lack of progress in the termination of apartheid",
has caused consternation amongst GM dealers, One of the largest GM dealer
networks, Williams Hunt, strongly denied that GM was considering withdrawal.
Managing director Brian Joffe said he was assured by GM that it is to remain
in SA, But reports from the US contradict this. GM is "struggling in desper-
ation" with the problem and does not know what to do, reports say, "We must
revise what we arejdoing on a daily basis...and assess the prospects," GM
chairman Roger Smith told the US magazine Automotive News. Smith is discour-
aged about the prospects of the termination of apartheid, Sapa-Reuter reports
from Detroit. [Text] [Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 19 Oct 86 p 1]
19274

UNITED DROUGHT FIGHT--The continuing drought is uniting industry and commerce
in heeding the call to react to the country's plight. Sappi, which is offering
a R8,000 grant to finance a short study tour of an aspect of the environment
related to water, is the latest to join the ranks, The award will also commem-
orate the company's 50th anniversary, Entries are invited from anyone currently
active in environmental work or studies, on a full- or party-time basis. En-
trants must submit an essay outlining the work on which they are currently en-
gaged, the areas they intend to study and the benefit this would have for the
country, Entries close on Wednesday, November 12 and entry forms can be obtain-
ed from Sappi [telephone] 339-5441, [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 23 Oct 86 p 6] /9274

CSO: 3400/334 END
102



FARMERS PREPARED FOR BUMPER OILSEED OUTPUT

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 19 Oct 86 pp 1, 9

{Text ]

FOR the first time-in 4:
the see / 19a sopabeany:
sunflower and~ ut
rops show that the-coun-
try is ‘heading for 2
‘bumper: oilseed output. *
‘This development will’

“I would urge farmers
moving into oilseeds or
increasing hectarages
planted to plant only
what they can adequately
handle at harvest time.
"Timely, efficient
harvesting of both
soyas and groundnuts
is the key to a viable
and effective crop
and if farmers have
planted more than they
can cope with at
harvesting time,
they will suffer
losses of both crops
and money."
> although this develop-
ment pleased him, several
related to oilseeds

factors
worried him, The basis of
farmel new confidence

‘There was, he said
an urgent need for the
combines to harvest the

crop. It had

i
|
i

ay
irae
al
gee ak

ae
il
all

62

ZIMBABWE

highly desirable ob-.
Jective. ‘tha present world
price is US$1700 ai

gro
5.000ha and soyabeans to
60000ha. The total na-

ing estimated at 108 000
tonnes of 90: 5
24000 tonnes of ground-
nuts and 20000 tonnes of
suntiowers,



COUNTRY'S EXPORTS UP BY 7 PERCENT IN REAL TERMS

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Oct 86 p 1

[Text]

ZIMBABWE'S exports, (includ- "

ing gold sales) totalled $1 766,7
million in 1985, compared with
$1 430,7m in 1984. While this is
an increase of -23,5% in nominal
terms, after adjustment for
depreciation of the Zimbabwe dol-
lar, the real growth of the coun-
try’s export trade is believed to be
about 7%, according to the re-
cently published RAL Executive
Guide to the Economy.

‘The bank states that tobacco was

the largest single contributor to ex- -

port earnings, eclipsing gold, and
that trade with South Africa has
declined, while the UK became
Zimbabwe's largest export market
during 1985.

Exports to South Africa during
1985 fell to $178,5m from $232,2m
in 1984. As a proportion of total ex-
ports (excluding gold), the value of

exported to South Africa fell
to 10,1% from 16,2% in the previ-
ous year. Imports from South Africa
totalled $275,2m or 18,3% of total
imports, compared to $231,8m or
19,3% in 1984.

‘The bank said that part of the rea-
son for the decline in exports to
South Africa was falling demand in
that country and the weakness of the
rand against the Zimbabwe dollar.
There was also some diversion of
trade to alternative markets by com-
panies anticipating the imposition of
sanctions.

Exports of Zimbabwe's goods to
the UK during 1985 (excluding
gold) were worth $201,8m or
12,9% of total exports, compared
with $162,6m or 12,8% of total ex-
ports during 1984.

Trade with Sadcc countries im-
proved during the year, a trend
which the bank says is continuing

48

during 1986. Imports from Zambia
last_year.were up 28% to $34m
($26,5m). Trade from Botswana
also rose, but imports from Malawi
and Mozambique declined. RAL
said that this increase in Sadcc trade
had been assisted by_commodity-aid
programmes for which Zimbabwe
‘was qualified to tender.

EEC. TRADE UP

‘Trade with the EEC has increased
as a percentage of total trade, but
the foreign currency value of ex-
ports showed only a small increase
over the 1984 level. °

Among Eastern bloc countries
that are featured in Zimbabwe's.
trade figures are China, Romania
and Yugoslavia. Exports to China
totalled $58,5m, while barter deals’
were concluded with Czechoslovak-
ia and Romania. In the Middle East,
Tran and Iraq were substantial pur-
chasers’ of Zimbabwe tobacco.

Zimbabwe's tobacco industry is.

now the largest single contributor
to export earnings, accounting for
20,5% of total earnings, or
$362,8m in 1985. This was an in-
crease of 27,7% in value and a ri
of 23,2% in volume over the previ-
‘ous year, although the bank states
that increases in value were partly
caused by the depreciation in value
of the Zimbabwe dollar. Tobacco
exports for the first half of this year
are reported to have reached
32 224,7 tonnes, compared with
35 531,2 tonnes in the first half of
1985. More than half of the total
volume was exported to the EEC.

Zimbabwe's maize exports have
been hit by competition from
Malawi and Kenya, which have
substantial surpluses. During the

ZIMBABWE



RANK XEROX CONSIDERING FUTURE PROSPECTS OF STAYING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Oct 86 p 3

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/334

-ANOTHER = American-

based company in South
Africa, Rank Xerox, one
of the largest photo-copi-
er suppliers in the coun-
try, is seriously consider-
ing future prospects of
staying.

‘Xerox has joined vari-
ous other companies
which are reviewing their
positions, following the
decision by General Mo-
tors and IBM to sell out
their shares to South Afri-
cans, which caused inten-
sified pressure on other
US companies to consider
doing likewise.

Twenty-two American
companies have pulled
out of South Africa since
the beginning of the year.
There are 244 remaining,
presently facing both the
slack economical condit-
ions as well as political
pressure from activists.on
American campuses as
well as on American Di-
rector Boards.

‘According to the man-
aging director of Rank
Xerox in SA, Mr David
English, the company’s
chairman, Mr David
Kearns, has said he will
review the prospect of
disinvestment by Decem-
ber this year, and that the
continuance of American
ownership of Xerox in SA
will be conditional upon
further reform progress in
South Africa as well as
external circumstances.

“The pulling out of ma-
jor companies like IBM

and General Motors has
served to enhance the ex-
pectations of the Ameri-
can public. There is no
doubt that Americans are
disillusioned at the halt in
the reform process here,”
Mr English said yester-
day. .

Mr English said an-
other factor which pre-
cipitated the increasing
pressure to disinvest, was
the “Sullivan scoring”,
results, in which US com-
panies in South Africa
score a rating based on
certain codes of practise.

Xerox rated first for the
second time this year, but
according to Mr English,
a number of companies
may not be in this catego-
ry and may therefore ex-
perience further pressure
from the US to pull out.

“Nevertheless, I ques-
tion the validity of the re-
cent moves to disinvest.
These moves have not
changed anything funda-
mentally, and business
will carry on. normally.
The importation of ma-
chines and equipment will
continue and customers
will get the same services
and guarantees as they
have in the past,” said Mr
English.

The reason for disin-
vestment is not always
political pressure, al-
though this can be used as
an excuse for poor per-
formance, as in the case
of General Motors, Mr
English said.

97

SOUTH AFRICA



of the Holy Quran. He aplogized regrettfully and told me if I am still
residing in Kisumu he will bring me that book,

When I returned to Niarobi I bought an English Version of the Translated
Meanings of the Holy Quran and as I opened it for the first time I read the
following Holy Verse:

Sura Al-Araf (The Heights) .--158--"Say 0 Muhammad): O Mankind! Lo! I am
the messenger of Allah to you all~-(The Messenger of) Him unto whom belongeth
the sovereignty of the heavens and the earth, There is no God save Him,

He quickeneth and He giveth death, So believe in Allah and His messenger,
the prophet who can neither read nor write, who believet in Allah and in

His words, and follow Him that haply ye may be led aright",

At the Church they used to teach us that Islam is only for Arabs, and that
Muhammad (S,A,A.W,S,) is sent to them and they worship him and do not worship
God,.., They have, very regretfully, been able to make us, while we were
children, believe in that lying and falsification. Then from this Holy Verse
I knew that God has sent the messenger Muhammad (S.A.A.W.S.) to all people
either they are Arabs or Non-Arabs.

Consequently I decided to declare embracing Islam, and on Friday I went to
the Mosque, met the Chief Justice and declared embracing Islam, Then I
performed absolution, and the Chief Justice named me Mahmoud Oukilo, After
that I performed Jumma, and when the Muslims at the Mosque knew that I was
a Priest then I embraced Islam they rejoiced much and wished me success and
prosperity in my new life.

Then the Propagator Mahmoud Okilo spoke about his activities before embracing
Islam and said: I have done a lot for Christianity and I am very regretful
about that, However, now I have devoted myself for Islam,. and'I read a lot
to educate myself and to know the meanings of the Quran so as to call to
Islam those whom I used to call to Christianity. I actually started with my
friends and family and I was able, during this short period, to convert to
Islam a large number of people.

About the role of Christianization missions he said:

The Christianization missions avail the plagued regions, and the deteriorating
Social and Economic conditions to enter under the cover of Humane assistance.
So they construct Hospitals, Schols and Churches and provide all Social Ser-
vices to the inhabitants as all capabilities and support are extended to them
by the Colonizing Crusade states.

These missions have been met with a positive stand and assistance from the
Christian Governments which provided them with opportunities to build Schools
for children and Hospitals for Medical treatment. Moreover those governments
have regretfully participated in forcing the Islamic minorities to enter these
Schools and Hospitals as there are no Islamic Schools and Hospitals, while in
those Schoolsthe Muslim children are taught with the Christian children and
so they graduate as Christians without being aware of that.

22



GHANA

DRIFFS

PRESTEA GOLDFIELD REHARILITATION--Under a five-year rehabilitation programme,
the Prestea Goldfield expects to increase production of gold from the current:
monthly level of 1,855 ounces to 4,590 ounces by the year 1989. The
rehabilitation exercise under the management of the Chana-Canadian Mining
Company in September this year exceeded its monthly target of 1,855 ounces to
1,929 ounces. Mr Merlin Royea, General Mines Manager, disclosed this when the
Western Regional Secretary, Col. (rtd) W. A. Thompson accompanied hy the
Regional Organising Assistant, W.0 Il Issa Salifu visited the mines as part of
a three-day tour of the Asankragwa and Tarkwa districts. Mr Royea explained
that the mine had been operating for a number of years with obsolete equipment
which contributed to the decline in productivity. Through the 25.5 million
dollars rehabilitation programme and with the active support of the workers
led by the CDR the decline has been arrested. Col. Thompson stated that the
PNDC has embarked on a major rehabilitation of a number of industries in the
region to make it more viable. This includes the Africa Timber and Plywood
Company at Samreboi, the Bonsa Tyre Factory, Aboso Glass Factory and the
Mines. “With so much money and resources going into the rehabilitation
exercise, we have to work hard and take proper care and maintenance", he said.
Col. (rtd) Thompson stressed the need for the transfer of technology both in
engineering and managerial capacity. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in
English 13 Oct 86 p 16] [Article by Fiifi-Mensah] /13104

SOUTHERN SECTOR COTTON ACREAGE--With inputs and technical assistance from the
Ghana Cotton Company, cotton zones in the southern sector of the country have
cultivated a total of 1,170 acres for cotton. The areas are Afram Plains, 259
acres; Accra Plains 479 acres; Kpando 342 acres and Ho 90 acres. Mr A. M.
Gariba, an official of the Ghana Cotton Company, disclosed this in an
interview here. He said some first cycle institutions in the region had also
gone into cotton farming. These include the SoKodo-Bagble LA Middle School
which has nine acres; Tokokoe Middle School, four acres, and the Sokode-Ando
Primary and Anyinawase Middle Schools, one acre each. He appealed to the
Farmers Services Centre to assist the farmers with fertilizers to expand their
farms. [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in Fnglish 9 Oct 86 p 8} /13104

cso: 3400/363

18



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS ‘

REGISTERING MOZAMBICANS RESPONSE POOR--An official of the Department of Home
Affairs has said at Nelspruit that so far there has been a poor response by
Lowveld farmers to appeals to have their Mozambican workers registered. Or-
ganized agriculture in the area says about 4,600 of the estimated 8,000 workers
have been registered at this stage. The official pointed out that workers in
the employ of farmers before 7 October were allowed to be registered and that
all registration should be dealt with by 28 November. [Text] [Johannesburg
Domestic Service in English 1100 GMT 29 Oct 86 MB] /12232

FREE TRADE AREAS DECLARED--Pretoria, 31 October, SAPA-~The Central Business
Districts of two Cape towns, Somerset West and George, have been declared

free trading areas, according to notices in the GOVERNMENT GAZETTE in Pretoria
today. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1101 GMT 31 Oct 86 MB] =/12232

FOREIGN INVESTMENT APPLICATIONS RISE-—The number ‘of applications from foreign
companies for incentive measures to develop regional industries in South
Africa has increased by almost 20 percent over the past financial year, despite
the intensified disinvestment campaign. +» The 1985-86 annual report of the

South African Decentralization Board says that 92 applications were received
from companies all over the world to establish industries in South Africa and
in the self-governing states. This has led to the creation of about 20,000
jobs. The South African minister of trade and industries, Dr Dawie de Villiers,
told a news conference in Pretoria that ‘the interest shown in South Africa by
foreign companies show that there were numerous undertakings that availed
themselves of the development possibilities in South Africa, despite the dis-
investment campaign. [Text] [Johannesburg International Service in English
0630 GMT 31 Oct 86 MB] /12232

AUSTRALIA WITHDRAWS SAA LANDING RIGHTS--Johannesburg, 31 October, SAPA--South
African Airways [SAA] landing rights in Australia are to be withdrawn from
next year, the SAA announced today. In a statement to SAPA, the chief execu-
tive of SAA said that the Government of Australia made it known today that
landing rights for the South African carrier would be withdrawn with effect
from 1 November 1987, "South African Airways regrets this step as we believe
that mutual international communication, understanding, trade and influence
will be affected negatively," the statement said. "South African Airways sin-
cerely regrets any inconvenience to its passengers, but assures all that we
will constantly stand by you and offer alternative routes. With the support of
all South Africans and other loyal passengers the airline will continue to play
its role as an international airline in the travel industry," the statement
concluded. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0926 GMT 31 Oct 86 MB] /12232

101



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

DAM PROJECT FUNDING--The United Bank for Africa is leading the syndicated
financing of a N100,500,000 dam project in Jibiwa, Kaduna State, embarked upon
by the Sokoto/Rima River Basin and Rural Development Authority, A statement
from the bank on Wednesday said that a consortium of banks will provide a
loan of N25 million toward the project while the Federal Government and a
group of Italian banks will provide N22 million and N53,500,000 respectively.
According to Alhaji Suleiman Baffa, UBA's executive director (states banking
sector, who signed on behalf of the bank's managing director, Alhaji Umaru
Mutallab, the project "is a priority project of the Federal Government" as it
falls under the preferred sector of Nigeria's "Agro-Allied Revolution,"

He said that the N25 million loan, pepayable in five years including a two
year moratorium, qualified for classification under agricultural lending.
[Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 26 Sep 86 p 12] /9274

INDIAN NAVAL CHIEF VISIT--The Indian Chief of Naval Staff Admiral R. H.
Tahilieni is expected in Lagos today, His visit to Nigeria would last four
days, Admiral Tahilieni, his wife and members of his entourage would be re~
ceived at the Murtala Mohammed airport by his Nigerian counterpart, Rear
el ae {Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 29 Sep 86
p 24] /9274

CSO: 3400/319

30



LOCAL COMPANIES URGED TO USE BEIRA PORT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Oct 86 p 6

[Text]

/13046
cso:

3400/351

BEIRA is the natural outlet for
Zimbabwe’s exports, and local
companies should start using it
before other countries do. So says

‘Mr Peter Brewis, chairman of

the Freight Forwarding Associa-
tion and managing director of Ex-
‘Citive Freight.

“If we cast our minds back 17
years, the Mozambique ports of
Beira and Maputo handled about
80% of our cargo, and whereas
Maputo is non-operational from our
point of view, Beira is definitely
working," he said.

“Over the past six months there
has been an enormous amount of ac-
tivity in Beira. Several delegations
from CFM and clearing and for-
warding agents have come to Zim-
babwe and, from a customs clear-
ing angle, all they are now waiting
for is the cargo which they are ex-
tremely confident they can handle.

“‘Regarding the railway line, a
fair section has been relaid and it is
expected that the Beira-Mutare sec-
tion will be fully completed by the
end of the year.

“Beira is serviced by conference
and non-conference shipping lines
and, due to the upgrading of the rail-
way line, long gone are the days
when it took two to three months to
get a container to Harare. It now
takes between four days and two

* weeks.

54

“I think Zimbabwe importers
and exporters should appreciate
what has been done and start using
Zimbabwe's port before companies
in other countries do so.

MAJOR FACTOR

“An important factor in any im-
Port or export is transit costs and the

- saving on a 20ft container shipped

via Beira can be anything up to
Z$600 over existing routes.

“Whilst I-know that commerce
has been concerned about the
availabilty of’ insurance on this
route, it is available for’ normal
coverage.

“*Turning to documentation, there
is very little change and the systems
which companies and agents have
adopted and which work, can con-
tinue to be used with a few minor
adjustments.

“Getting documents to the port
for customs -clearance is no longer
a problem. They can be handed in
at all main centres for dispatch by
bag on a regular basis. Telex and
telephone communications can
sometimes become intermittent. If
people persevere, however, they
will find that it works. .

“The Freight Forwarders’ As-
sociation is promoting Beira be-
cause it saves foreign exchange and
brings down the cost of goods.”

ZIMBABWE



SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER YOUTH LEADER CONTINUES SEARCH FOR POLITICAL ALTERNATIVES

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 31 Oct - 6 Nov 86 p 10

{Article by Shaun Johnson]

[Text] PHILLIP VERSTER, immediate
erstwhile chairman of the
Stellenbosch student council, has in
the last two years travelled a long and
perilous: political road at breakneck
speed.

The controversial: and’ engaging
Afrikaner youth leader will be
remembered for irrevocably altering
the nature and scope of student politics
at South Africa’s most prestigious
Afrikaans university.

It was Verster who led an attempt to
meet the African National Congress in
Lusaka on behalf of Stellenbosch
students — an initiative unthinkable
only a few years ago — and who
issued a call for release of Mandela
and the unbanning of political parties.

He openly propounds a one person-
one vote solution for South Africa and
has now launched a political
movement at Stellenbosch which
draws, on the Freedom Charter as a
guiding principle for a democratic
future in the‘country.

He sees common ground with the
approach of a. grouping ‘like the
United Democratic Front. His new
organisation is called the United
Stellenbosch Front.

Verster, who has survived
accusations of “base perfidy” from
conservative students and has had his
passport seized on government
orders, has now given way to a more
conservative student council at
Stellenbosch — but is adamant that his
political travels have only just begun.

It has been an extraordinary journey
even thus far, For Verster was, less
than three years ago, head of the

72

National Party’s Stellenbosch branch
and the party’s blue-eyed boy. Many
tipped him to go “all the way” within
the party.

He was born in Pretoria in 1963, the
son of a student dentist and a
housewife. After his father qualified,
the family moved to Worcester in the
Cape,. where the young “man
completed primary school before
being sent to high school in Paarl.

From there he went directly to
Stellenbosch to study engineering, and
rose swiftly within the National Party
campus structure. He went to
Stellenbosch determined to do well
academically and also to “learn how
politics worked, to get:to know the
Spectrum of people around me.

“T was looking at a future business
career, and decided I needed to get to
know how people in power — in
parliament -—~ -worked:-I-saw the
National Party governing the country,
and doing one hell of a job.”

Then in 1984 the young leader had
his first contact with black South
Africans on a basis of equality. As a
function of his political outlook of the
time, the first leaders he met were
members of Inkatha.

“I regarded Inkatha as a
conservative political organisation. I
thought ‘they are one of us, they are
on our side in the struggle against
radicals in South Africa’. [ was.
astonished to hear even them saying
that no solution was possible without
the unbanning of the ANC and the
release of Mandela.

“This was a new idea for me. Then I
met members of the UDF, and it



KENYA

BRIEFS

UGANDAN MINISTER BRINGS MESSAGE FOR MOI--The minister for foreign affairs,
Mr Elijah Mwangale yesterday praised the good relations between Kenya and
Uganda governments, despite many problems Uganda has undergone. However,

Mr Mwangale said that Uganda now needed reconciliation, peace and stability.
The minister made the remarks when he met in his office the Ugandan minister
of state for internal affairs, Dr Kizza Besigye. Dr Besigye delivered a
special message from Ugandan President Mr Yoweri Museveni to Mr Mwangale

for President Daniel Arap Moi. The content of the message was not disclosed.
Mr Mwangale assured Dr Besigye that he would hand over the message to
President Daniel Arap Moi as soon as possible. [Excerpt] [Nairobi KNA in
English 0825 GMT 23 Oct 86 EA] /12858

CSO: 3400/376

24



A CHANCE FOR THE GIFTED CHILD

The obvious advantage of such a system is thé
chance for the gifted child to proceed without being
held back, while the slower child goes at a pace in
line with his or her own ability.

In the South African context, this system also
makes provision for students with educational dis-
Parities to slot in at their existing level and advance
according to intellectual ability.

“We believe these schools offer a viable solution to
the academic needs of our nation,” says Mr Ashton
Sparrow, principal of the King’s School.

Standardised workbooks at all levels are supplied
in mathematics, social studies, science and: lan-
guages. These are worked through at various paces
on a basis of self-reading. Comprehension is tested at
the end of each book. Tests and marking (which is
done by the student) are based on trust, violation of
which results in demeriting, withdrawal of privileges
or detention.

To encourage responsibility and independence, stu-
dents set their own goals at the start of each day.

In compliance with provincial education require-
ments, each school endeavours to follow the recog-
nised syllabi, using the ACE programme. While South
African history is covered, significant emphasis is
placed on world history. English is the medium used
in all schools.

INTERNATIONAL USE OF ENGLISH

“Afrikaans, Zulu and Tswana parents recognise the
international use of English and are happy to consent
to its use in the system,” says Mr Sparrow.

Unlike conventional schools, the ACE pass mark
requirement is 80 percent. Where this mark is not
achieved, the pace is repeated. “In the existing sys-
tem, there is seldom a review of what has gone be-
fore. The class goes on and often, at the end of the
year, the child may be promoted while getting 35 per-
cent,” says Mr Sparrow, who sees this as the major.
cause of students unnecessarily dropping subjects at
the end of Standard 8, because of the lack of a sound
foundation.

Students from Grade 2 — having learnt to read —
are all housed in a single learning centre under the
same roof. The model used for this concept is remi-
niscent of the “little schoolhouse” which still exists in
rural areas.

Character development and not age is the criterion
on which recognition is based.

In an environment where different aged pupils are
all working at a variety of levels, a well-defined dis-
cipline system is necessary. A privilege status based
on academic and behaviour requirements has proved
a realistic incentive for advancement.

Supervisor Miss Lynn Garrard of the King’s School
in Bryanston believes the opportunity of working
with the child as a whole — academically, spiritually
and emotionally — to be the key which unlocks poten-
tial.

She also views the imposition of an absolute stan-
dard to which everyone irrespective of race is given
the opportunity to aspire as a solution to the gaping
discrepancies in educational levels and low pass
mark requirements.

90



headed by Finance Minister Chid-

zero, met for the first time and

asked for the most basic data —

het the effects of sanctions on jobs,
ade.

l is easy to argue that this unpre-
paredness is typical of Third World
incompetence; easy but wrong. It
is farther evidence that Zimbabwe.
is not going to rush into anything as
foolhardy as sanctions.

Foreign journalists and other:
Western “observers” in Harare do
not see sanctions as an issue where
opinion is divided on tribal lines.

During the NAM circus, I busied
myself winning the confidence ofa
couple of Zimbabwean interme-
diaries who shuttle between Har-
are and Pretoria. From those busi-
nessmen I learnt a quite different

story.

It is well known that politics in
Zimbabwe is divided on tribal
lines, in particular that Mugabe
runs his Zana (PF) government by
cleverly balancing the interests of
the three main Shona tribes: Kar-
anga (25% of the population), Ze-
zuru (21%) and Manyika (11%).

Prominent Karangas include
Simon Muzenda, the Deputy Prime
Minister, the Minister of Security,
the Minister of Justice, the army
Chief of Staff and the air force
commander. Everybody concedes
the Karangas “made” Mugabe:
what is less well known is their
extreme pragmatism and the links
several top Karangas have with
SA.

The pragmatism of the Karan-
gs over sanctions is heartening.

‘or however desirable it may be to
bring down the racist régime south
of the Limpopo, this is not a realis-
tie prospect for the Frontline
states, After hearing Mugabe's So-
weto day speech about “killing the

Boer”, Samora Machel remarked:

“If Mugabe goes on like this, in 10
ears’ time Harare will end up
looking like Luanda or Ma) uto.””

In 1965 Zambia excused itself

from the obligation of imposing
sanctions on Rhodesia on the quite
reasonable ground that sanctions
would destroy its economy. In 1973,

however, Ian Smith closed the bor-
der for a few weeks. When Smith
decided to reopen the border
Kenneth Kaunda would not play

Hl.

The international community
promised to help out Zambia finan-
cially. Most of these promises
were never kept and Zambia suf-
fered tremendously. In 1978
Kaunda was forced to reopen the
border.

With this experience behind him,
Kaunda is naturally more cau-
tious. Though he enjoyed himself
lashing out at Sir Geoffrey Howe in
Lusaka, and later at his media con-
ference at the Churchill Hotel in
London in the first week of August,
Kaunda had already begun to
backtrack on sanctions.

A. the SADCC meeting at
Luanda he refused to answer news-
men’s questions on air links. In
Harare he went so far as to say
that without the “major trading
partners of the racist régime” join-
ing in it would be “meaningless”
and “suicidal” for Zimbabwe and
Zambia to impose sanctions.

Then he went on to suggest that
the US hold talks with the Front-
line states, a brilliant delaying tac-
tic. As we have learnt — and as we
knew all along — Ronald Reagan
will have none of that.

Though the Zambians survived

. the Seventies without trade with

SA, it will not be so easy today.

A day before I left India for
Africa, I found myself on a plane to
Delhi sitting next to a new MP, an
old friend of Rajiv Ghandi. The
talk came round to sanctions.

“There’s a fire burning at
home,” he muttered in Hindi. “All
we do is to go abroad and yell.” At
first I was impressed by his forth-
right stance. I had expected him to
be full of idealistic guff.

Thinking back on it, I realise
that in his honesty he was naive.
Rajiv knows better. Politics is all
about making a noise when you
can. When you get tired of rioters
throwing stones at home, it is a
good idea to go abroad and throw
some stones yourself.



became clear to me that without
political freedom in South Africa it is
pointless even to talk about
negotiation. I realised that the political
situation of the country was
dramatically going to pieces.”

Verster quickly broke with the
National Party. He sat on a university
commission and recommended that
the National Union of SA Students
(Nusas) — a UDF affiliate — be
allowed to operate on campus. Then
came the momentous decision to see
the ANC.

“[ asked myself, must I believe the
government’s version of the ANC’s
policy, or must I find out for myself?”
But news of the proposed visit to
Lusaka was leaked to the press two
weeks before departure (Verster
believes the organiser’s telephones
were tapped), and he and his
supporters faced tremendous hostility,
culminating in the seizure of their
passports by officials from the
Department of Internal Affairs.
Verster is still without his passport.

Verster rode out his term of office
under heavy criticism from
conservative groups at Stellenbosch
such as the Popular Students’ Alliance
(PSA), receiving intimidatory
telephone calls and finding his tyres
slashed, But he retained a growing
base of support as well.

In the recent election campaign
which ousted the majority “liberal
approach” from the student council,
Verster was branded a “traitor to
Afrikanerdom” and was subjected to
virulent personal attacks. He believes
the conservative campaign “was
fought with money that we can never
have, and backing we believe came
from institutions involved in
government structures, — let me put it
like that”.

But he is in no way dissuaded by the
apparent defeat of the approach he has
come to represent. He believes the
potential exists for many current SRC
members to “swing to the Left” — by
which he means adopt a liberal line in
terms of Afrikaner student politics.

He sees the break-up of the
Afrikanse Studentebond as an
important development for Afrikaner
youth, and envisages “radical: change
in the political approaches of those
Afrikaans campuses which have
disaffiliated”.

Verster hopes to further his studies
overseas in the near future — he is
presently completing his Master’s
degree — and then return to play a
political role in South Africa.

“That role will be dictated by the
political situation. I can’t now say if it
would be intra- or -extra-
parliamentary, but I doubt it would be
within parliament,” he says.

He sees a future South Africa
governed by universal franchise, with
an independent judiciary and a bill of
rights, as well as “some sort of free
enterprise system which actively
protects the worker and includes
structures which check the actions of
management against the views and
principles of workers”.

He believes he has a role to play
within his own community in swaying
people towards the concept of non-
racial democracy, but warns against
the odds of working against “daily
newspapers, SA television, Christian
National Education and the rest.

“Before wé can sway people we
have to get the basis of politics right in
South Africa,” he argues. “If the ANC
and other political parties like the Pan
Africanist Congress and the South
African Communist Party aren’t
unbanned and political leaders
released, there is no free
representation of people, and no
chance for negotiation of a solution.”

Verster does not want to be seen
simply as a’rebel who has changed
sides. He aims to stay in touch with his
‘own constituency — Afrikaner youth
— so that his views, still seen by so
many as heretical, are taken seriously.
He is a South African and an African,
he insists, and he intends to make his
yoice heard in the painful process
towards democracy.

/13104
csO: 3400/2365

73



"It must be pertinently made clear by the government what the status of
lethabile, as well as Soshanguve, is in order to once and for all remove any
doubts in the minds of all concerned.

"If the government must avoid a repeat of the Kwandebele/Moutse disaster, it
must immediately heed UCASA's call to abandon forthwith its evil plans to re-
move the people of Oukasie to Lethabile," Mr Boya said.

It was insensitive of the government to ignore its own stated policy on urbani-
sation and to turn a deaf ear to international calls for the abolition of the
Group Areas Act by continuing to implement the antiquated policy of forcing
blacks to move from white neighbourhoods, industries, and central business dis-
tricts when the opposite should be the order of the day.

/12232
cs0: 3400/355

79



FRONTLINE STATES TO RESIST IMPOSING SANCTIONS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 6 Oct 86 p 6

[Article by Xan Smiley]

[Text]

HE DEATH of Mozam-
bique’s President Samora
Machel presents an awk-
ward puzzle for the Krem-
lin’s African policymakers. Con-
trary to popular opinion in the
West, the record of Russian pene-
tration in Africa has been very
mixed, with failures outnumber-

ing successes.

the harsh light of Soviet strat-
egy, Machel was proving an in-
creasingly. disappointing ally in
Southern Africa and it is unlikely
that the Russians have a favoured
Mozambican friend ready to step
into the dead man’s desert boots.

Clearly they would enjoy Mo-
zambique’s strategic vantage point
peering into South Africa. Yet the
country’s internal horrors are so
great that there are also grave
snags in being identified with so
shambolic and unstable a regime.

Mozambique cannot be marked
down as a Soviet success.

In the late Sixties, when Machel
rose to command the Frelimo
guerrilla group fighting the Portu-
guese colonial power, his inspira-
tion and weaponry came mainly
from China. After independence in
1975, however, the Chinese began
to retire as the Russians and East
Europeans arrived in strength.

1, the past three years, though,
Machel became noticeably less

friendly to the Russians — who
provided. neither the economic
answers nor the counter-insurgen-
cy skills so desperately need by
his crumbling regime. Instead, he
shunned the once much-mooted
idea of joining Comecon and began
to accept more aid from the West.

Worse, from the Russian point of
view, Machel’s Nkomati Accord
with SA meant the expulsion from
Mozambique of the main South
African guerrilla group — the Afri-
can National Congress (ANC) —
which is heavily backed by the So-
viet Union.

‘Thus, since about 1980, the Sovi-
et position in Mozambique has de-
clined, just when the growin tur-
moil in Southern ‘ica_ should
have been turning alignments in
the region increasingly to the Sovi-
et advantage. :

Of Africa’s 50 independent coun-
tries there are, in fact, only three
which have in the past decade had
really strong ties with the Soviet
Union — Angola, Mozambique and
Ethiopia.

There is also a handful of less
consequential countries, such as
Congo and Benin, whose pro-Soviet
Marxist rhetoric is largely the
paper-thin product of 8e0-Po itical
or even tribal factors and cannot
therefore be relied upon to provide
the Russians with solid bonuses.

The extraordinary Moscow fan-
fare which has recently greeted
Thomas Sankara, the Left-wing
leader of Burkina Faso (formerly
Upper Volta), who visited the Sovi-



'TERREBLANCHE RACKS RIGHRWING UNITY--The Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB)
today came out strongly in favour of unity between the right-wing forces in
South Africa. "That is what we are striving for, and that is what the volk is
asking,” AWB leader Mr Eugene TerrePlanche told THF STAR. But he called on
the Conservative Party (CP) and Herstigte Nasionale Party (HNP) “not to make
the AWB the culprit in their struggle to find each other". He was commenting
on the row between the two parties over a CP plan to hold a conference next
year to consolidate right-wing support. HNP leader Mr Jaap Marais is opposed
to such a conference because there are, in his view, still serious policy
differences between the two parties ~ including views on the AWB. Mr
TerreBlanche said it was not up to him to tell the CP and the HNP how to come
to an agreement "as we have as yet not been involved in the negotiations
between them". He said he is due to have talks with the CP on the question
next week. So far, no meeting with Mr Marais on the cards. [Text]
Wonapnesbure THE STAR in English 30 Oct 86 p 4] [Article by Hannes de Wet]
13104

SADF NEEDS ‘SUPPORT OF POPULATION'--South Africa's enemies are deliberately
trying to drive a psychological wedge between the country's civilian
population and the South African Defence Force (SADF), according to Minister
of Defence, General Magnus Malan. He told a function organised by the
Rietfontein Commando in Evenvale last night that the reason for this was
clear: "If our fighting forces do not have the loyalty and support of the
population, they cannot carry out their duties. "From history we learn that
revolutions can only succeed when the security forces have lost the ..-
support of the civilian population," he said. "This emphasises the necessity
of co-operation between the populations and the Defence Force." [Text]
(Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Oct 86 p 5] 113104

cso: 3400/365

77



DETAINEES' RE-EDUCATION DEPLORED

SOUTH AFRTCA

Johannesburg ‘THE WEEKLY MATL in English 24-30 Oct 8&6 p 3

[Article by Jo-Ann Bekker]

[Text] THE SA Prisons Service has disclosed
that 27 national servicemen are
involved in programmes to prepare
detainees for “re-integration into
society”,

The servicemen, posing as “do-
gooders” in plainclothes, run
recreation and educational courses
aimed at altering detainees’ hostility
towards the government, according to
Jan van Eyck, chairman of the
Progressive Federal Party’s Unrest
Monitoring and Action Committee in
the westem Cape.

He said the move was more sinister
than the Department of Education’s
re-orientation camps, because
detainees were a “captive audience”
and were not told who the servicemen
were. The SA Defence Force and not
the Prisons Service trained selected
servicemen to re-educate detainees,
Van Eyck added.

The Prisons Service yesterday said
27 soldiers were involved in the
Programme, but declined to give
details of how they were selected, or
what their duties entailed.

Lt-Col AE van Vuuren, the

/13104
CSO: 3400/3568

88

service’s liaison officer, issued the
following reply to Van Eyck’s
allegations. .

“It.is a longstanding Principle made
possible through the amendment of
the Defence Act and the Prisons Act
Some years ago to allow young men to
cam credit for their national service
in the prison context for a number of
years.

“It'is also possible now for many
years to second national servicemen to
other departments through application
of Section 16(2) of the Defence Act.

“Ina similar manner a number of
national servicemen ,have recently
been.allocated to the Prisons Service
in sview of. their. specialised
educational background. They were. in
fact willing and Prepared to do so. It is
Customary that servicemen, serving in
this type of. capacity .wear civilian
clothes. .

“The. upliftment and education of
Prisoners and detainees to prepare
them for their re-integration into
Society is a very high Priority of the
Prisons Service.”



NEW GOLD FIND NEAR HARARE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Oct 86 p 1

[Text]

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CLUFF Mineral Exploration
(Zimbabwe) Limited (CMEZ) re-
cently made an important gold
discovery about 65km north of
Harare. This development is ex-
pected to transform the fortunes
of its UK-based parent company,
Cluff Oil Holdings ple, whose ex:
tensive oil exploration activities
have been curtailed due to low
world prices, says the company’s
annual review for 1986.

The mine, called the Rebecca
Prospect, is situated within CMEZ's
recently gazetted exclusive
prospecting order within the Harare
mining district, as reported in the
Gazette of October 10.

Rebecca Prospect is believed
capable of yielding 188 000 ounces
of gold at the rate of 250 000 ounces
a year, and is expected to contrib-
ute profits of between $8m to $9m.
within the next two years,

According to Cluff Oil Holdings’
chairman, Mr J G Cluff, the discov- ;

56

ery of gold at the Rebecca Prospect
is ‘‘of the greatest significance for
us”’ in view of the slow recovery of
oil prices.

Being a post-Independence ven-
ture, Cluff Oil Holdings will be able
to remit overseas 50% of its gold
profits.

Mr Cluff said: ““The proposed de-
velopment plan envisages the treat-
ment of some 30000 tonnes per
month over a five-year period. Our
aim is to retain a 100% interest in
this mine and to finance it from cash
flow and borrowings locally.’’ The
project will be put on stream within
the next 12 months.

“*CMEZ has also discovered a
possibly significant resource of ox-
idised gold mineralisation known as
the Freda Prospect at Bindura. Ear-
ly production will start during the
initial construction phase of the Re-
becca processing facility.""

ZIMBABWE



EXPORT COSTS WORRY LOCAL TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Oct 86 p 2

[Text]

/13046
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THE local textile industry, tradi-
tional users of land and sea routes
for bulk exports, is concerned that
political developments in the
region could cut those routes off
— and that with the substantial in-
creases in airfreight rates, exports
could not bear the costs involved.
This according to Mr Raymond
Woolley, managing director of
David Whitehead Textiles, would
force a major “change of strategy"’,
because only value-added goods
such as manufactured clothing could
bear the new airfreight costs.
‘The chairman of the Central Afri-
can Textile Manufacturers Associa-
tion, Mr Alan Smith, told the
Gazette this week that while few
textiles companies are using air-
freight at this time, all are current-
ly exploring the possibility, partic-
ularly for exports to Europe.
“Although the South Africans put
up their box rates by 43%. recent-
ly,"* he said, ‘‘we are living with

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52

that. Our main concern is about the.
Possibility of having our land and
sea routes cut, because we would
have no alternative but to use air-
freight. And there we are talking
about a basic 27% increase in-costs,
which no one can take lightly. It will
be very costly’’.

ALL SURFACE

Mr Woolley said that while his
company’s exports are all surface at
the moment, ‘‘they could not bear
the costs of airfreight. We mostly
export bulk cloth and cotton yarns"*,
he said, ‘*so we would have to look
at-a change of strategy, because only
value-added goods like boxed shirts
or cotton sheets could bear the costs
of airfreight. Bales of cotton cloth,
no way”.

Mr Alistair Fullarton, director of
Cone Textiles. said that airfreight
for traditional textile exports would
be “‘completely uneconomical”.

ZIMBABWE



CUINA RMEARKS ON INTEGRATED RICE TRRIGATTON PROJECT

Accra PFOPLE'S DATLY GRAPHIC in Fnelish 22 Oct 86 p 1

{Article by fwaku Nehemiah]

[Text] THE Chinese Govern-
ment under its technical
co-operation agreement
with the Ghana Go-
vernment, is to embark
on an integrated rice ir-
rigation project at No-
beweam in Ashanti.

To this end, a four-
member Chinese experts
led by Mr Guan Guan-Fu,
has arrived in the country
to conduct feasibility stu-
dies on the project.

The team is expected to
submit its report on the
project to the Chinese and

1a Governments after
two-and-a-half months’ of
studies,

\ Speaking to newsmen
after the team has con-
ducted the first in the se-
Ties of the studies at Nobe-
weam on Monday, Mr Kofi.
Frimpong, Chief Executive
of the Irrigation Develop-
ment Authority (IDA),
said if the results of the
studies are favourable, it is
most likely that the pro-
Ject will take off in October
1987.

/13104
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14

Describing the project as
a clear departure from the
existing irrigation projects
in the country, Mr Frim-
pong said, the project if
undertaken, will help to
increase rice production
and make the country
self-sufficient in 10 years’
time.

He said the project,
apart from rice production,
will involve fishery deve-
lopment and livestock
rearing projects.

The idea behind the,

project, Mr Frimpong said,
is that improved techno-
logy and farming methods
would be imparted to indi-
genous farmers by Chinese
experts through demons-
tration farms.

Mr Guan-Fu described
the project as a demons-
tration of the co-operation
that exists between Ghana
and China and expressed
the hope that every assi-
stance will be given to
them to help in its success-
ful realisation.

The team was welcomed
by Mr Collins Agyarko-
Nti, Secretary for Ejisu-
Juaben-Bosomtwe
District.

GHANA



NEW PROTOCOL TO ENHANCE TRADE LEVEL WITH USSR

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Oct 86 p 5

[Text]

/13046
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TRADE levels between Zimbabwe
and the Soviet Union are expect-
ed to increase significantly follow-
ing the signing of a trade protocol,
currently being negotiated, and a
joint commission on trade, which
shor 1 be established by the end
ear. -

; trade protocol will be for pri-
ority imports and exports for both

Zimbabwe.and the. Soviet Union, +

and will be operational between
1987 and 1990. The Zimbabwe
Ministry of Trade and Commerce

and the Soviet Foreign Trade office '

are expected to sign a bilateral agree-
ment later this year.

The Soviet Union's trade’

representative in Zimbabwe, Mr T

iashvili, this week told the
“This year, so far, trade
between Zimbabwe and the Soviet
Unies has reached only about $4.5

million, which is very low consider- *
ing Luth countries’ import and ex-*

port potential.
“We exported to Zimbabwe
prawns .and other commodities,

while we imported raw sugar,

mainly. -

**We are interested in importing
Zimbabwean canned meats, raw Su~
gar, cotton, car batteries, ship and
automotive paints, and textiles,
whil’ Zimbabwe has expressed in-
terest in Soviet-manufactured min-
i ors, fertilisers
s, electrical
goods and machinery.

“When the protocol and the joint
commission have been established.

3400/349

43

we hope that trade between the *

Soviet Union and Zimbabwe will
improve significantly, and.we also
hope to establish business contacts
“with government organisations and

the private sector in Zimbabwe", he =

said.

+ The Soviet Union's state planning
committee and the Zimbabwe'
Ministry of Finance, which are in-
volved in negotiations for the joint
commission's formation, will cre-
ate a programme: for “*balanced
trade’ in the four-year period.

‘A Zimbabwe delegation present-
ly. touring- Hungary, Bulgaria,
Romania, and the Soviet Union,
will arrive in Moscow next Tues-
day (October 22) to discuss the for-

mation of the joint commission,

which will be represented by both
countries at senior official level.
Mr Kvaliashviti said there had
also ben discussions on participa-
tion in trade fairs in the Soviet Un-
ion, and in Zimbabwe. The Soviet
Union will, for the first time, have
a full stand at next year’s Interna-
tional Trade Fair in Bulawayo,
where at least eight Soviet compa-
nies will exhibit. .

However, he said. trade fairs in
Zimbabwe were organiscd on a
different format to those in the
Soviet Union, where “specialised”
trade fairs — dealing with a partic-
ular industry — are held.

A delegation from the Soviet
Ministry of Foreign Trade recently
spent three weeks in Zimbabwe.

ZIMBABWE ,


MUSICIAN TOUR WILL RAISE FUNDS FOR ANC

Harare THE HERALD in English 13 Oct 86 p 5

[Text]

LOCAL imusician Love-
more. Mi
rare on

vinn countries where he
will take part in
concerts to raise money
for the African Nationat
Congress of South Africa.
Majaivana will
Sweden, Denmark

in
millions of dollars to help

the duration of the tour
from Zulu to Bashise

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ivana left Ha- |
day night for
a tour of the Scandina-' !

Band to fit the mood of
the Bashise

concerts. ina
Zulu word for
them”,

people burn
also,” said Majaivana.
Sw are

Majaivana for a tour of
the Frontline States to
continue the fund-raising

campaign.

Lovemore sald he was
chosen for the Scandina-
vian musical concerts be-

eause of his commitment -

4o the struggle against
apartheid. He has sung a

of songs dedicat- .

ed the fight again
to fi a st
apartheid, including Free

47

ZIMBABWE

Umkhonto we
Sizwe (the name of the
mili wing of the

and Ngugama in which he
calls on Cde Walter Si-

‘Tambo to
use vor ‘weapon.
they can overthrow
the a



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

RENT COLLECTION LEGISLATION POSSIBLE--Johannesburg, 30 October, SAPA--A govern-
ment body has recommended that legislation be introduced to help local authori-
ties collect unpaid rent and service fees. This was announced by the minister
of constitutional development and planning, Mr Chris Heunis, today after a
meeting of the Council for the Coordination of Local Government Affairs in
Johannesburg. Mr Heunis said in a statement after the meeting that one of the
most serious problems faced. by local authorities was a lack of funds to pro-
vide services. In some cases, insufficient sources of income played an im-
portant role, but the inability of some local authorities to collect revenue
due to them "has had a particularly harmful effect," Mr Heunis said. The coun-
cil had appointed a sub-committee to suggest solutions. "The report was con-
sidered by the council and the council has recommended that appropriate amend-
ing legislation be enacted to facilitate the collection of rent and service
fees," Mr Heunis said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1547 GMT 30 Oct
86 MB] = /12232

UNIFORM LAWS UNDER STUDY--Johannesburg, 30 October, SAPA--The government is to
investigate the drafting of uniform legislation for local authorities of all
population groups, according to the minister of constitutional development and
planning, Mr Chris Heunis. The Council for the Coordination of Local Govern-
ment Affairs had decided to appoint a committee to investigate the desirability
of such legislation at a meeting in Johannesburg today, he said in a statement.
At present, different legislative measures applied to local authorities of the
various population groups. "With the transfer of the general functions in con-
nection with local authorities to the provinces, it seems desirable to have uni-
form legislation for the local authorities of all population groups," Mr Heunis
said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1559 GMT 30 Oct 86 MB] = /12232

TREURNICHT SPEAKS ON DIFFERENCES--The leader of the Conservative Party [CP],

Dr Andries Treurnicht, says although the CP and the Herstigte Nationale Party
[Reformed National Party, HNP] agree on several matters, the two parties

differ mainly on an official language for South Africa, the Afrikaner
Weerstandsbeweging [Afrikaner Resistance Movement], the country's Indian people,
and the influence of Mr John Vorster. Dr Treurnicht said at a meeting at
Pietersburg that although HNP rejected the idea of a unification movement, the
CP would go ahead with a meeting to establish such a movement in Pretoria on

24 January next year. He denied press reports that the CP was planning to dis-
band in view of the unification movement. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic
Service in English 1900 GMT 1 Nov 86 MB] /12232

76



GPP LEADER ON PARTY FORMATION,

Dakar LE DEVOIR in English Oct 86 p 12

CONFEDERATION, GOALS

GAMBIA.

{Interview with Assan Musa Camara, secretary-general and party leader of the

Gambia People's Party, by Pathe Mbodje; date and place unspecified]

[Text]

@ Mister President, how do you
explain your resignation from
the PPP and the subsequente
formation of GPP if one knows
that for year, you have been the
highest ranking offical in The
Gambia ?
TM@ We start falling apart early 80’.
Members of Jawara’s cabinet told
him a lot of things. I realy don’t know
and I don’t want to suggest anything
to him. I was accused of connivence
with dissident elements within the
Party. That was lie, absolute lie. I
think that Jawara was prepared to
fight me. Balde’s election in 82 was
the last drop that brought me to the
conclusion that Jawara wanted to
ruin my career.

Another incident occured during
the 25th anniversary of the PPP
where I had 23 years of participation.
They did not pay me the respect due
but asked me to go and play football
to entertain the people.

So many things were happening
and the conclusion I came to was that
Jawara wished to ruin my career. I
planed to stay and fight. There was
cormuption of the whole administra-
tion and lies. And Jawara was liste-
ning and accepting lies of people who
wanted to get his favours. PPP has
new ideas.

But as soon as we get into power,
we will amend the Constitution.
There will a two-term offices of five

years each. Our second commitment
is that we want more political contre!
of the government here. The gover-
nment here is separated from the
party. People are voting for us in that
way. .

@ What is the real situation of

the GPP?
TM@ Our strategy is to establish the
party throughout the country. Our
priority is to get the party established
in a short period (March 87) and to
put it in the political map of the
country.

@ Would you be a candidate for

the next presidentiel elections ?
@ (With enthousiasm). There is no
doubt about that. We have to main-
tain the momentum up to February to
guarantee the victory. Indications are
that GPP is going on top of all the
three parties. We focus on 20 seats
and we already have fifteen sure seats
we grasp at. .

@ How do you feel about the
+ senegalese intervention in The

Gambia in 1981 ?

18 On the moming of the coup, I was |

in charge of the whole government.
Very early, | escaped from my resi-
dence and came to the Central Police
Station with Lamin Saho,’ Former
Attomey General, and Saihu Sabaly,
present Minister of Agriculture, the
Former Inspector General of Police,
M.M’Boop and some of his loyal
men.



Unmanufactured tobacco was the largest single contributor to export earnings,
bringing in more than $362,8 million or 20,5 percent of total export earnings.
The total volume of tobacco exported increased by 23,2 percent compared with
the previous year while the value went up by 27,7 percent.

Maize exports were constrained by rising competition from regional producers
such as Malawi and Kenya, which have had substantial surpluses. During the
1985/86 marketing year, 285 000 tonnes of maize were exported. For the
1986/87 marketing year as a whole, over 800 000 tonnes are expected to be
exported.

Assessments of the foreign exchange earnings from minerals exported in 1985
reflect the generally sluggish demand and prices on the world market. There
has been little new investment in the industry for the same reasons and the
production values of base metals since 1980 have yet to recover to their
generally higher levels in the 1970s.

Gold production however, has increased since 1980 and gold mining has
attracted most of the new investment in mining. Gold exports earned Zimbabwe
$199,1 million in 1985 and exports in the first half of this year are
pelieved to have been substantial.

Provisional figures show that exports of ferro-alloys increased from $155
million in 1984 to $170 million in 1985, nickel from $63 million to $83,9
million and copper from $31,1 million to $36,9 million. Iron and steel
exports increased by 25,9 percent in value.

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51



Local Companies Urged To Use Beira Port as Soon as Possible
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Oct 86) ..ssevceecceesccesceees

Great Dyke Mine in Production Again
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 10 Oct 86) ..

New Gold Find Near Harare
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Oct 86) .ecseseccescccceccceree

Prospectors Return to Harare District
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 10 Oct 86) ..eccseccsecceecceerces

Main Points of Manicaland Five-Year Development Program
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Oct 86) ..cseceececcecceveccees

Midlands Governor Puts Priority on Farming To Halt Urban Drift
(Tendayi Nyakunu; THE SUNDAY MAIL, 19 Oct 86) ..

Farmers Prepared for Bumper Oilseed Output
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 19 Oct 86) ..

Boost Beef, Farmers Told
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 12 Oct 86) .ccceccecseceecevcrceeceveecs

Three Options for NRZ Electrification Expansion
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Oct 86) ..ccecvecccveccececeees

Local Pipes for Zaire
(THE HERALD, 24 Oct 86) .secceveceesccecccescescceeeceeees

Briefs
Railways Defends RSA Bike Deal
Over 5,000 Trainees Overseas
Refugees Repatriated
Urban Poor Face Inflation
Magazine Urges Frontline Assistance

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Conservatives Criticize U.S. Human Rights Efforts
(SAPA, 1 Nov 86) ..ccccececececececccecvcececucvcvcecvcece

Heunis Says Progress Made Over RSC's
(SAPA, 30 Oct 86) .eeccecscccccccescecceceeceesesencescues

Afrikaner Youth Leader Continues Search for Political Alternatives
(Shaun Johnson; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 31 Oct-6 Nov 86) ......e.

54

55

56

57

58

60

62

64

65

66

69

70

72



the Botswana government by the district commissioner in Francistown, Mr
Christopher Sekga. Yesterday's repatriation brings the total number of
Zimbabwean refugees repatriated since December 1985 to 780. The number of
Zimbabwean refugees in Dukwe refugee settlement at present is about 3 800.
Mr Awuye said that the Zimbabwean High Commissioner to Botswana, Cde Alois
Chidoda, was expected to be present at Plumtree when the refugees would be
handed over to the Zimbabwean authorities.--Ziana-Bopa. [Text] [Harare THE
HERALD in English 24 Oct 86 p 5] /13046

URBAN POOR FACE INFLATION--Lower income urban families spend about 55 percent
of their cash on food, it was estimated yesterday. The latest quarterly
review of the Ral Merchant Bank of Zimbabwe says the current rate of
inflation for both lower and higher urban families averages 19,6 percent.--
Ziana. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 11 Oct 86 p 1] /13046

MAGAZINE URGES FRONTLINE ASSISTANCE--A special issue of the ZIMBABWE NEWS
magazine has called on Zaire and Malawi to join hands with other Frontline
States in searching for peace in southern Africa. In its editorial the
magazine called on the two countries to cooperate with the other Frontline
States in striking the final blow to the South African-sponsored bandits,
especially those operating on the border with Malawi and Mozambique. The
magazine noted that the greatest tribute to the late Mozambican leader,
President Samora Machel, is to continue the struggle for freedom, independence,
sovereignty, and peace in southern Africa. In recalling Comrade Machel's con-
tribution to the liberation of southern Africa, the magazine said the attain-
ment of Zimbabwe's independence in 1980 owes much to the support given by the
Mozambican leader in [words indistinct]. It added that Comrade Machel died on
the battlefield fighting for the noble ideals and principles of sowing the
seeds of the revolution in southern Africa. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service
in English 1115 GMT 29 Oct 86 MB] /12232

CSO: 3400/353

68



--What do you demand for confronting that?

(1) I call for unifying the efforts of the Islamic Nation and employing the
available capabilities to assist the Islamic minorities through constructing
Schools for teaching Arabic language and the Holy Quran. Hospitals for treat-
ing the sick and Mosques for performing the religious rites.

(2) Establishing many investment projects in the poor regions,

(3). Publishing books and circulars and widely availing the information media
for the Islamic Call,

(4) Cooperation amongst the Islamic Organizations, Institutions and Societies
in establishing joint projects which need huge Funds, so that Muslims benefit
from the returns of those projects,

(5) Encouraging self reliance amongst Muslims in every region.
What are your impressions about this big Islamic gathering?

In this happy opportunity I intend to express my respect towards the great
efforts of the W,I.C.S. which has found this big gathering which included
Propagators and Scholars from everywhere and it was actually a gathering in
which the spirit of devotion and fraternity prevailed, a gathering of brothers
in Islam,

We have benefitted much from the researches which were recited and the discus-
sions and debates which followed. I pray God to assist these who work in the
W,1.C,S, in performing more for the Islamic Call, and to assist the Muslin
Revolutionist Muammar Al-Qathafi who is the guardian of this Society in con-
fronting the Crusade Aggression which strives to halt the flow of Islam which
is supported by the Great Jamahitiya,

19274
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23



LOCAL PIPES FOR ZAIRE

Harare THE HERALD in English 24 Oct 86 p C3

[Text]

/13046
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3400/347

TUBS and Fipe in-
dustries are no new
comets to the competitive
dield of export markets,
sme tt is to their credit
‘tnat their products are
used widely in the’
SADCC and PTA coun-
tries and elsewhere on
the sub-continent.

& recent export
prenisthrough was in the
supply of a wide range of
piping for use in the cop-
yer iaines of Zambia, The
ring of this partic-
: market is worth mi
Mons of dollars annually
to our export trade. Tube
and Pipe also supply
uther of their products to
all sectors of the Zam-
hlan economy. .

Wollowing on the suc-
cess of their mining pro-
ducts in Zambia, the cora-
pany, through Import and
export agencies, now sup-
plies similar equipment to
Zaire, A new line is cur-
rently being introduced ta
Zaire, one which  im-
proved the company’s ex-
ports to Zambia, and it is
hoped this will also in-

66

crease exports to the
mines of Zalre.

Irrigation equipment
forms a large part of the
production at Tube and
Pipe and, In conjunction
with Turnall Asbestos,
piping for irrigation
systems is being exported
to Mozambique.

Square and rectangular

structural tubing is yet .

another product finding
its way from the factory
at Willowvale to coun-
tries beyond our borders,

These products are pro-
ving their worth in such
countries as Burundi,
Rwanda and Malawi.
Malawi gets a range of
water piping that is
utilised by that country's
general - market and
government bodies.
Botswana provides
regular customers for all
products produced by
Tube and Pipe Industries,
and a good market has
heen ‘established there
amongst the private sec-
tor, the mining sector
and government bodies.

ZIMBABWE



and existing plantations will be ex-,
tended. Foresty commission nurs-
eries and offices will be established
at district level, and ward and
school ,nurseries will also be
established.

‘A tourist-potential feasibility
study for Manicaland will be ‘under-

recreation
In the sector as a whole, $29,3 mil-
lion «will be required for the
projects’ implementation.

‘The housing and infrastructure
sector, with the second largest
budget of $427,6 million (28% of
total plan amount), includes the ex-
pansion and construction of infras-
tructure at six major rural centres,
the construction of 599 standard
houses, 9 000 mixed-site and serv-"
ice housing, a high-density housing
upgrading project, 500 low-density
middle-income houses, and 750
middle-income flats.

In the road construction and
maintenance sub-sector, new road
construction will include almost
600km of road, including a Mutare
by-pass linking. with the Beira cor-
ridor and other major routes, and a
total of 1 616km of road to be con-
structed under a District Develop-
ment Fund (DDF) programme.

For water resources and supply,
a project will be carried out for the
provision of 4 000 water points, a
growth point and service centre
reticulation programme servicing 31
growth points and service centres,
and major reticulation and normal
supply programmes serving
Zimunya and Nyanga areas.

A total budget of $30,9 mi
willbe required for the projects:
which will be implemented by the
Ministry ‘of Health and the Luthe~
ran World Federation.

Major expansion and upgrading
programmes are envisaged for elec-
tricity, posts and telecommunica-

tidns, and transport, including a
$3,5 million project for the develop-
ment of the Grand Reef military air-
port as an international airport, and
the upgrading and development of
rail infrastructure to the Beira
corridor.

The ‘rural electrification
programme will be extended to 28
major rural centres, while for posts
and’ telecommunications, 11° post
offices will be constructed and five
postal agencies established.

A $202,1 million social services
budget will include projects in edu-
cation, health, social welfare,
youth, sport, and culture, law and
order, and community development
and women’s affairs.

As the provincial population. is
‘expected to increase by 16% be-
tween 1982 and 1992, enormous
pressure will be placed on social

in the education’ sub-sector,
$119,9 million will be required for

the building of 60 more schools, the
purchase of equipment, and the in-
crease of teaching manpower.

It is estimated that 60 new rural
health centres need to be construct
ed in the province. A training and
manpower development programme
will assist in providing adequate
manpower at three levels of health
services, and a multi-purpose health
training centre will also be
established.

‘There is need for 14 ambulances
and 21 vehicles in the province, and
radio telephones will be installed in
all existing health facilities.

Specialised services such as psy-
chiatric rehabilitation will” ‘be
provided at provincial centres, and
water/sanitation programmes will
be concentrated in Buhera,
Chipinge, and Makoni. 13 300 ven-
tilated latrines are also required
throughout the province to reduce
the incidence of disease, says the de-

velopment plan.“ "~.

‘An $11.6 million budget has been .

made for child welfare, remand and
probation accommodation, the re-
habilitation and care of the han-
dicapped and the aged, and the es-
tablishment of an additional camp
for Mozambican refugees.

$13,2 million has been provided
for youth, ’ sport, and cultural
programmes, including the estab-
lishment of 21 youth cooperative
projects in all districts, and the for-
mation of income-generating

Projects.

In the law and order sub-sector,
new magistrate, community, and
periodic courts will be constructed,
and. the Mutare court is to be ex-
tended. $4,5 million has been budg-
eted for this project.

A budget of $8 941 has also been
made for community development
and:women’s affairs projects. :

Funds to finance the entire plan
will be- sourced from central
government, the vote of credit spon-
sored by foreign borrowings and
grants in aid, local authority budg-
ets, administration and services
votes of central government agen-
cies, public works programmes. and
private sector investment. .

‘The projects will be implement-
ed by the relevant ministries, some
through parastatals such as the IDC.
Progress on the five-year plan will
be reviewed on an annual basis, and
by the end of May of each financial
year, provincial development com-
mittees will submit completed an-
nual plans for submission to the-
Zimbabwe Treasury as the annual

development budget.

‘The report says the proximity of
the province to the Beira port, and
the improved trading links with
Mozambique will provide an oppor-
tunity for significant growth and de-
velopment in the province in gener-
al, and the City of Mutare in
particular.

/13104
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59



FPFORTS TO INCREASE PTAMOND PRODUCTION, FXPORT RETATLED

Accra PROPLR'S DATLY GRAPHIC in Eaglish 9 Oct 86 p 16

[Article by Adwoa Van-EFss]

{Text ] THE Ghana Consolidat-

/13104
CSO:

éd Diamonds Limited:
{GCD) hopes to achieve
an expected one million
carats mark by early
next year, Mr George
Adamu, Secretary for
Lands and Natural Re-
sources has said. .

This, he said, is due to
the initiation of the Biri
Project by the GCD to
crease production to maxi-
mum rate and the provi-
sion of suitable running
equipment, haulage facili-
ties and spare parts for the
rehabilitation of existing
plants by the government.

Mr Adamu made these
disclosures when inaugu-
rating a seven-member
Board of Directors of the
GCD at the Diamond
Housé in Accra yesterday.

He said the government
is doirig everything to re-
habilitate the mines to en
able them contribute their

uota to the Economic
ecovery’ Programme
(ERP).

He observed that even
though the mining in-
dustry has been in the fo-
refront of the country’s
economy, the industry has
declined due to lack of
equipment, capital repla-
cement and declining re-
serves, among others.

The Secretary noted
with concern the decline in
the production of dia-
monds from 2,340,000 ca-
rats in 1975 to 346.000 ca-

2400/361

16

rats in 1984, .

He also ’ expressed
dismay at the large-scale
smuggling of about half of
the gems produced and
said it hampers all efforts
being made by the govern.
ment and the GCD to re-
suscitate the diamond in-
dustry.

Mr Adamu therefore
urged the-directors to
think of measures to arrest
and minimise smuggling
and assured them of his
support for any meaning-
ful move to help eradicate
this scandulous situation,

He also urged the Board
and Management of GCD
to feel free to consult and
liaise with each other on
the issue,

The nation, Mr Adamu

pointed out, expect much
rom them and advised
them not to regard their
membership to the Board
as an opportunity to enrich
themselves,

He advised them jo
avoid all tendencies of
bossiness and seek the good
of the company and welfa-
re of the workers since that
is the only way they can
contribute their quota.

Mr Kofi Agyeman,
Chairman of the Board,
said they hope to diversif;
the operations of the GcD
and to explore the possibi-
lities of cultivating rice on
a commercial scale.

TAMA



SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

BRIEFS

ESCUDO ZONE STUDIED--The president of the republic of Sao Tome and Principe
said yesterday in Brussels that his country has embarked upon a period of
contemplation of the potential advantages of establishing an escudo zone.
Pinto da Costa spoke at a press conference at which he assessed the results of
his visit to Belgium and the European Commission. The president of this
former Portuguese colony made this statement after asserting the absolute
need, in terms of the economic development of the country, for linking Sao
Tome and Principe with the French-speaking regional organizations. “We must
take the existing organizations in this area into account,“ he stated. “It
would be Utopian to contemplate any economic development. without intensive
cooperation with the French-speaking area," he added. “This does not mean
that we have decided to join the free zone,” he explained. “We are in a
period of consideration of the definition of the type of monetary cooperation
we will choose,” he explained. [Text] [Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 20 Sep 86 p 7] 5157

CS0:3442/18

33



ZIMBABWE

JAPANESE LINE INTRODUCES NEW MONTHLY SERVICE TO BEIRA

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Oct 86 p 1

[Text]

CONTINUING efforts to im- Zimbabwe and the Mitsubishi for Japan.
prove transport facilities from Corporation, its agents for the Both MMCZ and the NYK
Zimbabwe through the Beira sale of asbestos to Japan, have steamship company are confi-
corridor and port to the out- arranged with Nippon Yusen dent that this practical step to
side world are being greatly Kaisha (a Japanese'steamship increase the potential of Beira
assisted by a number of company) to extend its East port will lead to a growing
western countries and aid African service to Beira, so flow of cargo through Beira to
agencies. Now Japan is con- providing a monthly service and from Japan, said the
tributing another shipping from that port to Japan. spokesman,
link. ©@ It is understood that as .
At present one of the main FIRST IN NOVEMBER from this week the South Afri-
restrictions on the use of Beira A. spokesman for . the can authorities are to restrict
port is the limited range of MMCZ told the Gazette this publication of the names and
destinations served by ships week that the first vessel in this details of ships calling at South
calling there on a regular service is due in Beira at the African ‘ports, following the
basis. beginning of November. It will imposition of the list of sanc-
However, the Minerals load a “‘substantial consign- tions measures accepted by the
Marketing Corporation of ment” of Zimbabwe asbestos United States government.
/13046
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53



GUINEA BISSAU

PRIVATIZATION UP FOR STUDY
London AED in English 25 Oct 86 p 10

[Text] The government has asked five international firms to bid for a study
making recommendations on the future of public-sector companies. The
invitations, sent out on 30 September, have a mid-November closing date.

The successful company is expected to be known by the end of the year and the
study is likely to take 12-18 months to complete.

The studies will be vital to the government's assessment of companies that
should be maintained, privatised or liquidated. Decisions on re-organisation
of state enterprises are expected to form part of the government's structural
adjustment efforts, scheduled to receive World Bank backing in the course of
1987 (AED 23:8:86).

The invited companies are Arthur Young, the Mac Group and Price Waterhouse &
Company of the US, Berenschot-Moret~Bosboom of the Netherlands and
Sociedade Nacional de Empreendimentos & Desenvolvimento Economico (SNEDE) of
Portugal.

A preliminary assessment of the role of state companies might lead to early
identification of those due for restructuring by mid-1987, donor sources
have told AED.

The key import agency Socomim and the people's shops, Armazens do Povo, are
already under study, but observers recently in Bissau say neither privatisa~
tion nor liberalisation of trade are likely to proceed quickly.

There has been little evidence of an upsurge in private commercial activity
since the government issued a decree in August allowing private enterprise
to participate in imports and exports, observers say. This may partly be due
to the state's continuing control of imports of rice, petroleum products,
pesticides and other goods.

The main opportunities for private-sector involvement in imports are in
supplying rural areas with cotton cloth, bicycles, simple generators, hand
tools, basic medicines, soap, sanitary towels and shampoo, observers note.
Pressure for a shake-up of commerce has arisen in recent months from farmers
who now have more cash than formerly, thanks to the government's encouragement

19



/13046
CSO:

were butchered to death by members '

of the MNR...

“Others were kidnapped, scream-
ing, from their homes — taken to
isolated places and then brutally
killed.

“Those of us who are here today
thank God for having made it possible
for us to escape.

“One of the women — known as
‘Nwangala’ (of the lion family)
Ndlovu, was almost killed when she
was attacked by a young lion while
walking at night. It tore off her ear.

“She was taken to hospital, where
the partly mutilated ear was sewn
back on, but she was taken away by
Security Police and sent back across
the border to Mozambique. :

“A few days later she returned to
the camp and is now living in tear ot

3400/336

86

being kidnapped and taken back °
again. :
“We see little chance of foing back

to Mozambique and we will do all we
can to live in South Africa as part of
its people.” !
‘arming projects are to be intro- |
duced within the next two weeks and '
building of the first school for refugee
children has been started by the
Mozambique Relief Committee.

The school — The Mhlahle Lower
Primary School, which will cost
R56 000, is expected to be completed
by the end of this year and will take
on pupils from Sub Standard A to six. -

‘the Rhulani Creche, costing
R10 000, is catering for 249 under-
nourished children ranging in age
from three to nine years,



told Margaret Thatcher's foreign minister last month, without Western
sanctions a "holocaust" is threatening southern Africa--the Pretoria regime
is as repulsive as the Nazis' Germany.

Not a happy comparison--but who can be surprised if, faced with milder
judgments on South Africa, Kenneth Kaunda expresses the suspicion that his
interlocutor puts a low value on the death and suffering of black human
beings?

13070/9190
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40



The KwaZulu chief minister blamed the country's deepening international aliena-
tion and spiralling violence on the present constitution and said that he and
millions of other blacks would rather die than ratify it either in part or in
whole. He said it was wishful thinking to hope for a national convention which
would settle the future without involving the government. The state president's
role was critical, but this did not mean that negotiation endeavours had to be
confined to the parameters Mr Botha had enunciated. Change had to come’ from
above as well as from below and ultimately it should be Parliament's role to
enact the will of the people. What that would be would be in part--and per-
haps in substantial part--determined at the local, regional and provincial
levels.

He said such an attempt was being made at the ‘KwaZulu-Natal Indaba. This was
not his nor the NRP's [New Republic Party] Indaba but one of all the race groups
living in that part of South Africa, he added. Chief Buthelezi said it was a
vital demonstration that negotiations could take-place in, this country. He
said it remained absolutely trwe that negotiations would have to culminate in
acts of Parliament.

°
"But," Chief Buthelezi said, "If the state president thinks that he has the
whip hand because the National Party controls parliament, then black South
Africa will abandon all attempts to use the parliamentary process to ratify
the decisions of the people. "The decisions of the people will have to go to
Parliament even if we do not have the vote. But if they do not go to Parlia~
ment because we do not have the vote, the people will destroy Parliament."
He said the vast majority of white South Africans actually believed this.
They knew that apartheid had failed, that prescription politics had ended.
They were aware of the high stakes but they wanted a new South Africa, born
in democratic negotiations and effectad through acts of Parliament.

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81



MAIN POINTS OF MANICALAND FIVE-YEAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Oct 86 p 4

[Text]

THE LARGEST single project in
the agricultural sector is that for
land aquisition and settlement, for
which $144 million has been
budgeted. ;

This involves the replanning of 60
ward development committees
(Wadcos) to maximise land use and
efficiency. and the acquisition of un-
derutilised land to provide land for
an estimated 3 000 people.

In the conservation sub-sector,
$12.6 million will be used for major
schemes including the expansion of
conservation measures, by methods
such as demarcation and the con-
struction of contours, and a pilot
conservation programme will be un-
dertaken in the Buhera area, affect-
ing approximately 465 000 people.

Noting that production levels in
the province are currently estimat-

ed to be below those sufficient to
support the existing population, the
report lists as priorities: a project
for the increase in the numbers of
extension workers, more demon-
stration and education programmes,
and a separate Honde-Pungwe de-
velopment plan integrated in the
five-year plan. Approximately
$14,2 million will be required for
this sub-sector.

For veterinary projects, $2,9 mil-
Tion has been allocated over the plan
period to reduce the flow of infect-
ed animals into Zimbabwe. The
border with Mozambique represents
a major weakness in veterinary con-
trol, and extensive inoculation and
control measures have been pro-
posed to curb indigenous diseases.

The development of irrigation is
considered important in increasing

employment opportunities in
agriculture, and irrigation develop-
ment will be planned as part of land-
use reforms, and will be organised
on a membership basis within the
Village Development Committee
(Vidco) planning units. It is pro-
posed to construct Osborne Dam
near Odzi to provide additional
water storage, and to release water
from the Lesapi Dam.

In the marketing and credit sub-
sector, the level of credit offered to
communal farmers will increase
from 3% to 11% over the plan peri-
od, and the total cost of financing
credit over the five-year period is
estimated to amount to $253,3
million.

In the economic sector, $345,9
million has been allocated for large-
scale and small-scale industry
projects, distribution and trade, and
manpower development.

Four new large-scale industries,
expected to create 5°750 jobs in the
agro-processing industry, are: an
ethanol plant at Chisumbanje in the
Chipinge district; a chemical pulp
factory, using timber from
Chimanimani, Chitepo, and Nyan-
ga commercial forests; a pencil fac-
tory project, to be implemented
through the Industrial Development
Corporation (IDC); and a grain-bag
factory for the storage of agricul-
tural commodities.

Small-scale industry projects,
with a budget estimate of $4,6 mil-
lion, include a plan for the establish-
ment of small-scale industries such
as fruit-canning in the Chipinge,
Chimanimani, and Nyanga districts,
coffee pulperies in the Chipinge,
Mutasa, and Mutare districts, and

58

ZIMBARWE

groundnut and sunflower extrac-
tions in the Mutare, Makoni, and
Buhera districts, and bakeries in all
districts.

There is also an opportunity for
the establishment of core factories
or franchise development centres
for potential use by small-scale car-
penters, welders, tinsmiths, and
tailors.

A $5,3 million distribution and
trade development project will in-
clude the establishment of an indus-
trial free zone where high-
technology goods can be manufac-
tured using tax-exempt components,
and a domestic marketing scheme
through the period marketing sys-
tem, which will: coordinate . the

delivery and distribution of goods
at 160 centres in the province.

For manpower development. an
estimated $20.5 million will be re-
quired to provide sufficient training
facilities for private and public sec- ;
tors. This includes the upgrading of
training institutions, and the Mutare!
Technical Training College. still un-
der construction, will accommodate
2.000 students. *

Projects in the natural resources
and tourism sector include a
Tesource inventory study to provide
sufficient data upon which to base
a detailed provincial conservation
strategy, land reclamation projects,
and the establishment of consolidat-
ed communal vegetable gardens.

The strengthening of punitive
measures within natural resources,
legislation, and the exten
education programmes, will also be
pursued,

For the commercial forestry sub-
sector, felled trees will be planted



SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI CRITICIZES NAFCOC OVER SANCTIONS STAND
MB300656 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0556 GMT 30 Oct 86

[Text] Ulundi, 30 October, SAPA--It was time black businessmen rose to the
burdens of carrying apartheid to show where they stood in the struggle, Chief
Mangosuthu Buthelezi, said today. "Black businessmen are important opinion-
makers. Now, for the first time, white businessmen are prepared to recognise
the important role which black business must play.

"I am, therefore, shocked and appalled at: the emerging trends in the National
African Federation Chambers of Commerce, [NAFCOC] which are the results of
intimidation against it."

Chief Buthelezi, chief minister of KwaZulu and president of Inkatha, said
black businessmen of today were no’ better than-white businessmen of yester-
day who were intimidated by apartheid into doing the wrong thing.

“This trend in NAFCOC emerged first when Mr Sam Motsuenyane and some of his
colleagues trotted off to Lusaka to have discussions with the ANC. NAFCOC
have never been the same since, and they are now behaving as though they
bought immunity from attacks from black radicalism.

"They returned to South Africa to betray their black customers to support
sanctions," Chief Buthelezi said.

He urged the Kwazulu-based Inyanda Chamber of Commerce to challenge NAFCOC
for its sanctions attitudes even if it meant splitting the national black
chamber.

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82



MOZAMBIQUE

BANKS REJECT DEBT REQUEST
London AED in English 25 Oct 86 p 30

[Text] London Club bank representatives have turned down major elements
of Mozambique's proposals for rescheduling some $200 million in commercial
debt, AED has learned. The decision, made at a 29 September Washington
meeting with government officials, makes prospects for an early agreement
look very bleak, financial sources say.

Mozambique's proposals--presented prior to the informal meeting--included a
12-year rescheduling of all debt and interest, a four-year grace period and
a request for new money (AED 27:93:86).

The steering committee of banks, led by France's Banque de 1'Union
Europeenne, is reported to be particularly unhappy about rescheduling of
interest and short-term debt. The latter--which takes the form of out-
standings on letters of credit, a forfait paper, and overdraft finance—~
accounts for at least half the total debt. Banks also say they are not
prepared to put in any new money.

The committee--which also includes France's Societe Generale, Portugal's
Banco Pinto & Sotto Mayor and the UK's Standard Chartered Bank--is reported
to have asked the Mozambicans to revert to earlier London Club proposals put
forward in 1985.

These included an 11-year rescheduling on medium-term debt, and interest to
be repaid within one year. The banks were prepared to roll over short-term
debt for two years, and set up a revolving arrangement making credit
available again as outstandings were repaid. No new money was included

in the 1985 proposals.

However, as one banker told AED, the issue of conflicting proposals has now
been dwarfed by President Machel's death and the path of subsequent dis—
cussions will be very much determined by the attitude of Machel's successor.
Mozambique could now go the way of Sudan or Bolivia--or it could get a lot
better," said one banker, "it all depends on who takes power now" (see
page 2).

/13046
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27



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

SOVIETS SEEN TO HAVE FEW STRONG ALLIES IN REGION

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 86 p 8

{Article by Dhiren Bhagat]

[Text]

ECENTLY I called on the

general manager of Bar-

clays Bank of Zambia at

its head office in Lusaka.
After keeping me waiting for
nearly an hour, the urbane Fran-
cis Xavier Nkhoma sent for me
and apologised. He lit a cigar and
smiled.

“When I saw your calling card I
thought Bhagat was some old Eng-
lish name. So I told my secretary:
‘While he is waiting outside, serve
Mr Bhagat a cup of tea and then
throw a stone at him’.

“She was shocked. She said: ‘Sir,
I cannot throw stones at visitors, it
is not done.’ I said: ‘No, that’s per-
fectly OK. Bhagat is English.
These days when you throw stones
at the English you are merely de-
fending your national rights’.”

I have just come from Harare
where, thanks to the Non-Aligned
Summit (NAM) throwing stones at
the West is no longer a weird hobby
but has become the fastest-grow-
ing industry in recent times.

Shooting about in cars imported
from SA, lounging around in villas
designed in SA and sipping South
African wine, the leaders from 90
countries took a casual bash at
“the major trading partners of the
racist régime” and, with equal
ease, advocated sanctions.

That these resolutions — drip-
ping with easy piety — should have
been passed in Harare is a capital
joke. Ever since the Rhodesians
got their UDI act together, Harare
has been the world’s centre for
sanctions-busting expertise.

A.. even though Johannesburg
is now rapidly taking over, there
are enoug! experienced business-
men in the Zimbabwean capital
who could have instructed the
visiting heads of state on how 60
countries. co-operated between
1965 and 1980 to make a joke of the
phrase “comprehensive manda-
tory sanctions”.

in fact, there was no need to
meet the experts. To learn about
the efficacy of sanctions all that
the NAM delegates had to do was
to keep their eyes open and count
the number of Renaults, Peugeots,
Toyotas and Mercedes on the
streets that looked between six and
21 years old.

All this would explain why sanc-
tions won’t work; to understand
why sanctions won’t be applied, at
any rate by the Frontline states,
the visitors would have had to look
deeper. Of the eight real Frontline
states (Tanzania is not a Frontline
state), five have made it clear they
will not be imposing sanctions:
Malawi, Lesotho, Swaziland, Bo-
tswana and Mozambique. The oth-
er three — Angola, Zambia and
Zimbabwe — say they will.

Angolan sanctions don’t mean
much: outside the Yugoslav-run.
duty-free shops there is hardly
anything you can buy in that coun-
try, and the black market the Zair-
eans run in Luanda is so vicious
that an egg ends up costing you
five US dollars.

To understand what is happen-



missions before ascertaining the truth about the circumstances of the acci-
dent that killed Samora Machel. All this proves beyond a doubt that the
leader of the Patriotic Front-Mugabe ruling party were involved in organizing
an orchestrated illegal demonstration over the death of Machel.

We at Radio Truth want to warn the students about their actions, which will
Prove troublesome in the future. Robert Mugabe killed many thousands of people
in Matabeleland, but we never witnessed a single demonstration by the Univer-
sity of Zimbabwe students protesting these killings. We at Radio Truth strongly
urge persons to desist from these orchestrated demonstrations.

/12232
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42



/13104
CSO:

et Union this month, served only to
t the insignificance of
those African countries with whom
the Russians do have close ties.
Burkina Faso is one of Africa’s
well-nigh hopeless cases, yet
Pravda devoted about a of
an entire issue to the Sankara visit.
‘An even sharper measure of
African-Soviet friendship is the
pro-Soviet African vote on. Af-
ghanistan at the United Nations.
ly Angola, Ethiopia and Mozam-
bique have consistently voted for
pro-Russian resolutions over the
Afghan war and, of late, the Mo-
zambicans have sometimes ab-

stained.

Angola, a more dogged member
of the Afro-Soviet troika, remains
locked in the grip of a debilitating
war, with Soviet support going to a

overnment whose popular is

founded on the country’s second
tribe, the Kimbunda, whereas the
rival Ovimbundu, who provide the
core of Dr Jonas Savimbi’s Unita
guerrillas, are nearly twice as nu-
merous. ~

In Ethiopia the Soviet connec-
tion looks strong and more hopeful,
though the Eritrean war seems as
unending as ever, and the general
economy remains disastrous.

Witness Ethiopia: practically all
African governments have noted
that in time of drought the Soviet
Union remains peculiarly incapa-
ble of providing large-scale emer-
gency relief, let alone long-term
economic development aid.

The big Soviet hope, of course, is
SA. Here the Russians are better
placed. The ANC is a long-standing
traditional minded movement
with roots going back to 1912. Its
leader-in-exile, Oliver Tambo, is a
straightforward, racially tolerant

3400/373

moderate who sent his son to an
English public school and is as
comfortable in Western boar-
drooms. as in guerrilla camps.

But, in the late Fifties, the ANC
formed a tactical alliance with the
South African Communist Party
(SACP), which has since beavered
its way into many positions of in-
fluence in the ANC and can boast
at least 12 members of the move-
ment's top body, the 30-strong
national executive.

P ractically all the ANC’s. mili-
supy comes from Russia

and ‘the tern Bloc, much of it
channelled through SACP place-
men. The SACP has recently tried
to infiltrate the increasing]
powerful black-dominated Sout
African trade unions, but it was
slow on the draw, preferring to
support a much smaller under-
ground SACP-connected alterna-
ve.

The Soviet Union, like many
ple and governments in the West,
supports the broad ANC move-
ment. If the ANC does eventually
take over from the white regime, it
1s then that the Kremlin’s Africa
Planners will be poised for a possi-
le final power struggle between
their own SACP ers and the
moderate Left-wing nationalists of
the Tambo stamp. '

But with the tragic example of

-Machel in mind, and many other

African failures besides, the
Kremlin must bé increasingly
aware that, on the whole, Africans
do not often seem to make good
communists.



FARMERS TO RECEIVE SEEDS, SERVICES

Kampala NEW VISION in English 17 Oct 86 p 16

(Article by Betty Balirwa]

[Text ]

PRIME Minister Dr Sam-
son Kisekka said yesterday
the government will soon
provide essential services,
high technology and equip-
ment, and improved seeds
to farmers.

The prime minister was
speaking in Jinja on the
occasion to mark the sixth
anniversary of the World
Food Day. .

He said the Uganda seed
project is being implement-
ed to ensure availability of
sufficient seeds. Improved
cattle will soon be imported
to boost meat and milk
production.

The poultry hatchery at
Entebbe has already been
rehabilitated. And livestock
diseases sre being fought
with development of locally
made vaccines.

The prime minister said
the NRM government is
persuing .a policy to support
and supplement the farmers’
etforts in crop and animal
production.

Dr Kisekka said the
governments’ policy of an
independent, _ self-sustaining
and integrated economy
assumes a sound basis of
food production. He in this
connection emphasised the
need to effectively imple-
ment the “back to land
policy” as a means to in-
creased food production.

He discouraged “squating
on small plots of land
in slims around urban

112104
CsC: 3400/2375

centres” but said people
should go back to villages
and engage in productive
activities other than living
by specuiation in towns.

He‘’added that for the
country to achieve meaning-
full independence, Ugandans
must be able to feed them-
selves to export their sur-
plus products from which
foreign earnings will come
to uplift our industrial sec-
tor.

In this regard the NRM
government lays much em-
phasis on supporting the far-
mers. But to enable increa-
sed production, he added
“priority has been given
to providing security without
which no effective produc-
tion can take place in, all
sectors”.

Dr Kisekka called for
an integrated approach to
achieve food security. He
regretted that due to ne-
gligence and ignorance of
Ugandans themselves, © the
country’s potential has been
much underused.

There were cases of in-
discriminate felling of trees
and the general forest de
struction, unguided re-
clamation of swamps which
he noted have resulted in
soil erosion and the sub-
sequent deterioration of soil
fertility. He discouraged
overgrazing and the general
destruction of the country’s
environment which are as

36

UGANDA

Pending dangers to desert
enc.roachment.
fe charged relevant mini-
stries and institutions to take
corrective measures.to avert
the vendine desert.
Assistance in the fishe-
ties industry, he noted, has
already been given by inter-
national organisations, which
include a recent grant of
15 million US dollars by
the Italian government, con-
tributions to artisanal fisher-
men by the Food’ and
Agricultural Organisation
(FAO), the European Eco-
nomic Community, and
other foreign governments.
The FAQ Representative!
to Uganda Mr Amir Abdalla
Khalil called for full parti-
cipation of everybody to
achieve food security. He
pledged to assist Uganda to
increace the farm ontiut,
The minister of renuwih-
tation who is also hoiding
the portifolio of the mini-
stry of agriculture ‘and for-
estry, Mr Kirunda Kivejinja,
said’ the goverment is deter-
mined to uplift the stand-
ards of technology to in-
crease agricultural prvav..i-
vity and the farmers’ income.
He said government has
allocated. nearly 25 percent
of the budget to agriculture.
Government has also created
the Agricultural Finance
Agency (UAFA) . to lend
farmers money at reasonable
rates.



NEW FLEXIBLE, BRIDGE DESIGNED FOR RATLWAY

GHANA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 13 Oct 86 p 16

[Article by Boniface Ablekpe]

[Text]

113104
CSO:

ANCHOBRIDGE — a flexible
multiplate-pipe-culv ert bridge
designed by a Ghanaian engi-
neer and built by the State
Construction Corporation
(SCC) for the Ghana Railways
Corporation has been com-
missioned at Dankran near
Bekwai.

Believed tobe the first in Africa, the
bridge with some imported parts replaces
a temporary bailey bridge which also
helped in the re-alignment of the railway
line between Kumasi and Takoradi thus

eliminating five dangerous curves on the
old line. :

Its construction, protection, river di-
version and the new alignment is estimat-
ed to cost: about 64,000 pounds sterling
plus a local component of 65 miilion cedis.

Commissioning the’bridge, Mr Kwame

Preprah, Secretary for Transport and”

Communications, said the bridge was one
of-the first projects started by: the PNDC
under the Economic Recovery Program-
me (ERP). : .

With the completion of the bridge. the
rehabilitation of the Western rail line

3400/361

15

shows an indication that the various pie-
ces constituting the railway project have
started coming into place.

He hoped the bridge will help improve
the reliability and efficiency of the railway
operations.

According to Mr Peprah, the PNDC
realises the vital role railways play in the
transportation of primary commodities
which forms the basis of the economy.

He commended the staff of the Rail-
ways Corporation for their enthusiasm
and initiative adding that the sound sense
of maturity and objectivity displayed by
the CDRs and the Union of the Railways
Corporation has contributed to the pro-
gress of the project.

He reminded them: however, that the
credit received from the International
Development Association (IDA) for the
rehabilitation exercise will be exhausted in
December 1986 when the funds would
have been fully committed.

Some of the equipment and spares
would however continue to arrive in the
country by 1987 and urged ail of them to
ensure that the project is completed and

: targetted capacities realised in 1987.
le

He observed that the country has seen
ih many projects dragging on for ages

thout any compiesign and said it, is the
duty of at ilway Workers to ensure that
such projects dq.not delay.



“It was in ‘that moming that we

organised the resistance group.

Later in the day, around 9, we

discovered that the situation’ was
getting out of hand because the State
House, the Military Depot at Bakau,
the National Radio and the National
Airport were in the hands of the
rebels..And reports have reached me
: that three people were shot in Bakau.
I decided that we’ should invoque
the Mutual Defence Agreement
between us and Senegal. We called
the Senegalese- High Commission
and requested assistance under the
Defence Agreement. He informed me
that his govemment would not agree
with verbal request but. with written
one. So I wrote it and handed it over
to them. 2
The Senegalese Forces came here,
did excellent job, lost lives. And I'm
very delightful because they are very
disciplined, That discipline saves a lot
of lives. I never had the opportunity
to thank formally the Senegalese
Authorities. What I would. like to do
through your newspaper. So I would
like to thank’ sincerely. President
Abdou Diouf, Senegalese: Army for
what they did for all of us in Th
Gambia. .
@ Are you satisfied with. the
Senegambian confederal  evolu-

tion ? What would you do in you

“were in charge ?

10

@ 1 am not able to answer that ”
question because Jawara is in power
now. Let him assume his responsibili-
ties, be Senegambian Confederation
be a success or a failure. All I can say
is that the situation in unsatisfactory
because both sides are not satisfied.
One, on the gambian side, Jawara is
dragging his feet. We hope that when
in power, we'll. commit ourself in
improving the situation that is exis-
‘ting, to the interest of both parties.
We have some ideas but we don’t
want to disclose them now.

As a whole, the factual situation is
that nobody in. The Gambia can’t
think that he can live-in isolation,
without Senegal. That's §irrealistic.
Closer co-operation between Senegal
and The Gambia is a matter of must.
We believe that with understanding
and good will from both sides, the~
problems of the Confederation. can
be solved.

@ And how about Saho’s.ar-
rest ?

§ When he has arrested, I was not in
Banjul, I was up in Basse. This is not a
GPP affair. This was a private visit.
Saho acted in.his private capacity as
Lamin Saho. Saho has-not been
Officially apointed as deputy leader of
the GPP. .



BLACKS

Open-Air Rallies Gaining Popularity in N. Transvaal
(Dirk Nel; THE STAR, 30 Oct 86) ..ccccececeesccvcscceccees

Right-Wing Body Moves to Port Elizabeth
(WEEKEND POST, 11 Oct 86) ..ccsccececcvecccevcccccevesvees

Briefs
Rent Collection Legislation Possible
Uniform Laws Under Study
Treurnicht Speaks on Differences
Terreblanche Backs Right-Wing Unity
SADF Needs 'Support of Population'

UCASA Says RSA Reneging on Forced Removals Policy
(SAPA, 29 Oct 86) cccccecccscccccccceeccscsenscceessceeess

Buthelezi Warns Botha Against Ignoring Popular Will
(SAPA, 30 Oct 86) ccccseececcccecsccccesseccscsseeccceeees

Buthelezi Criticizes NAFCOC Over Sanctions Stand
(SAPA, 30 Oct 86) .cccescccccceecceccccvereccessescesesees

ANC Underscores Seriousness of RSA Minister's Threats
(PANA, 1 Nov 86) ceccececerccccccccccccecccecceseeccesess

Briefs
Khayelitsha Housing Project
Crossroads Factions Agree to Peace
SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Mozambican Refugees in Gazankulu Fear Being Repatriated
(Sophie Tema; BUSINESS DAY, 24 Oct 86) w.eccceceececcecees

Black Members of Conservative Church Feel Threatened
(Estelle Trengove; THE STAR, 28 Oct 86) ..ssceccccccvccees

Detainees' Re-Education Deplored
(Jo-Ann Bekker; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 24-30 Oct 86) .....eeeeee

New Private School System Offers Equal Education
(Val Pauquet; THE STAR, 28 Oct 86) ...ceceseesceeeceeccees

Briefs
Arahwu Seeks Recognition
White Teachers Launch New Body
Post Office Unable To Train All Technicians
University Needs Fund Increase

74

78

80

82

83

84

84

85

87

88



THREE OPTIONS FOR NRZ ELECTRIFICATION EXPANSION

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Oct 86 p 1

[Text]

113046
cs:

‘THE PLANNING of Stage If for
the electrification of the national

railway system is well advanced, -
and

the preparation of specifica-

-tions and.tender enquiry docu-

ments is now being worked on.
Subject to approval from the Zim-
babwe Government, a financing
enquiry. could be initiated in De-
cember this year.
Following the successful comple-
‘tion of Stage I, the electrification of
the Harare to Dabuka line, the
government is now reviewing three

options as to which section ould ©

be electrified next, says the M
try of. Transport.
In a statement to the Gazette, a

spokesman for the ministry said this _

week that three options for electrifi-
cation were now being reviewed.
These were Dabuka (in Gweru) to
Chicualacuala in Mozambique;
Dabuka to Bulawayo; and Harare to
Mutare.

In view of the huge capital out-
lay that.would be involved, no de-
cision has yet been taken, but the
economic viability of the next phase
would be a major criterion, he said.

Preliminary work has also been
completed for each of the three al-
ternative routes, and this included-

3400/349

preliminary physical planning, con-
struction budget estimates, project
description and outline specifica,
tions for a financing enquiry, and

full tender enquiry specif

prepared for consideration by the

government.

On the period of time forecast for
the completion of Stage II, the
spokesman said that it was estimat-
¢d it would take 24 months from the

initiation of a financing enquiry to._

the start of construction.
On actual construction, it was es-

timated that the Dabukd to Chicu-

alacuala route would take 48
months, the Harare to Mutare route
36 months, and the Dabuka to
Bulawayo route-30 months.

The notional cost of electrifying
an NRZ railway section, including
substations, overhead catenary or
contact wire systems, télecommu-
nications, and remote control sys-
tems, is $500 000 Per route
kilometre.

Progress on the planning of

end

it ion ings

End re seconations of the Zim-
whee National Transport Study..

65

ZIMBABWE



of agriculture and better prices for their crops. Even the flow of smuggled
goods from neighbouring Senegal has been subject to fluctuation and often too
expensive for average local consumers.

Arrangements for a new export regime are unlikely to emerge until local
private business has formed appropriate associations with government
representation, the observers add. The government's main concern will be to
regulate the flow of hard currency earned directly by private exporters. The
government may insist that it retains some of the foreign exchange earned by
the private sector.

/13046
CSO: 3400/358

20



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ACCE URGES IMPROVED COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
Harare THE HERALD in English 14 Oct &6 pl

[Text ]

AFRICA needs its own independent
and modern communication system if
its countries are to achieve their
national development goals, the acting
Minister. of Labour, Manpower Planning
and Social Welfare, Cde Ernest Kadu-
ngure, said yesterday.

He was addressing delegates to the
fifth biennial conference of the African
Council on Communication Education at
the Harare International Conference
Centre.

The week-long conference, which
also marks 10 years of the ACCE com-
munication activities in. Africa, is being
hosted by the labour ministry: through
the Harare Polytechnic’s division of
masg communications, member of the
Nairobi-based council.

Attended by more than 120 dele-
gates mostly from African states, the
conference brings together communi-
cation educators and experts _from!
about 60 media “institutions on the
continent who are members of the
A

Also taking part are information
officers of the Southern African. libe-
ration movements, the African National
Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress
and Swapo.

Opening the conference, Cde Kadu-
ngure called on African communication
experts to work towards bringing tech-
nological advancement on the con-
tinent,

Airican communication technicians
and engineers had to involve themselves
in’ relevant technological innovation
and the design of needed hardware.

Although vast strides had been
taken in the field of African media
programming, “we remain frighteningly
aware of the media’s dependence on
foreign programmes” which had be-
come attractive to ang had impact on
the continent.

/13104
cso: 3400/272

“Are we to be culturally shaped by
foreign values which are skilfully im-
planted, in the television soap operas,
music and other cultural forms with-
out seriously designing our training to
tap the rich resources in Africa more
Positively?” asked Cde Kadungure.

He noted that the conference would
address the question of common com-
munication research, communication
textbook development, ° theatre for
development and new ‘corhmunications
technology.

These, he said, required assessment,
rethinking in terms of usage and clear
guidelines regarding strategies for
action by the ACCE,

African governments needed to be
guided by informed communication re-
Search if their media channels were to
be used creatively for national develop-
ment, and experts had to explore more
indigenous forms of communication to
send development messages to the
masses,

“Our reliance on communication
textbooks concetved, produced and pub-

in the East and the West must
be replaced with the active develop-
ment of African communication text-
books, seen through the eye of the Afri-
can researcher and produced in Africa
for African. readership,”

On modernisation, the minister said
video and satellite technology held the
potential for reaching millions of Afri.
cans in the shortest possible time, with
Progressive development intormation
that would improve the lot of the Afri-
cans,

On apartheid, he called on African
communication educators to create a
more informed public, on the evil
system and said they hag a mission to
come up with measures to counter
South Atrica’s psychological warfare
of disinformation.



MALAWI

NORTHERN ROAD TENDERS DUE
London AED in English 25 Oct 86 p 29

[Text] The Works & Supplies Ministry will invite tenders for major rehabili-
tation and construction works on the northern 51-kilometre Karonga-Ibanda
road in November, ministry sources told AED.

The present earth road will be bitumenised, to form the final northern
section of the main arterial north-south Ml route, linking Malawi with
Tanzania and the northern corridor transport scheme. Consultants are the
UK's Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick & Partners (SWKP) and Greece's Adronis Drettas
Karaftis. The project is funded by the EEC under finance allocated for the
northern corridor. .

Meanwhile, to the south, the African Development Bank (AfDB)-financed contract
for upgrading the 47-kilometre stretch of the Ml between Champhoyo and Mbowe,
with an 18-kilometre spur to Mzimba, has been awarded to the UK's Stirling
International, which put in the lowest of 10 bids for the project at MK 14.7
million ($7.5 million--AED 5:7:86).

Stirling also scooped the EEC-funded contract to upgrade the 94-kilometre Ml
section between Blantyre and Lilongwe (AED 20:9:86). Stirling's low bids
on both projects reflect the fact that the company already has substantial
manpower and machinery in place~-used for its work on the now near-completed
Ml section to the Mozambique border (AED 30:8:86).

Meanwhile, on the same route, companies have been invited to prequalify for
rehabilitation of the 144 kilometre section of gravel road linking Salima to
Balaka on the Ml (see TENDERS). Work is divided into two contracts: the
first--funded by West Germany's Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau--includes a
62-kilometre stretch between Salima and Mua, with a 2.5-kilometre spur to
Chipoka harbour; the second covers the 82-kilometre route from Mua to Balaka
and is funded by the International Development Association. .Works include
upgrading and construction work on road and pavements, installation of new
drains and river training works.

In Central Malawi, plans are forging ahead to strengthen two linked roads on

the east-west route to Zambia. A shortlist of consultants has been drawn up
for the two jobs, which include preliminary design work on a 90-kilometre

25



ASSOCOM CONGRESS:

CALL FOR LOANS, NOT BOYCOTTS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 86 p 6

{Article by Mick Collins]
[Text]

INSTEAD of im-

sing sanctions,

A’s major trading

partners should

make a joint effort

to extend financial

aid in the form of

soft loans, says

House of Representatives MP
JN Reddy. 7

He told the congress in Johan-
nesburg yesterday that the mon-
- ey coming from these soft loans
could be used to fund pro-
grammes which would help un-
der-developed sectors of SA’s
population.

“They could make a positive
contribution to improving the

19274
cso: 3400/334

quality of life of the less privi- ”

leged of our society and to help
satisfy their rising expectations.”

Speaking on the facing the
local business community, he
said to retain public confidence
in the years ahead, business
should demonstrate it had the
vigour and will to meet its obli-
gations in a free economy.

He said an understanding busi-
ness community could do much
to erase the hardened attitudes of
people of colour whose black
skins had for decades condemned
them to slums.

“The business sector has a duty
to play an active role in influenc-

94

SOUTH AFRICA

ing change in SA.

“The future of the free enter-:
prise system is.dependent on the
creation of a constitutional
framework which is acceptable .
to all the people of our land.”

He said only an expanding eco- ©
nomy could contribute to a cli-
mate conducive to reform and to
this end, what SA needed from its
overseas trading partners was an
understanding of the complex.
problems that existed here.

He wanted to see “a positive

involvement which will help SA

to find the political accommoda-
tion which will set this country
on the road to peace and prosper-
ity for all”.



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK MEMBERS OF CONSERVATIVE CHURCH FEEL THREATENED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Oct 86 p 15

{Article by Estelle Trengove]

(Text ] Lives and property of members

of the black Hervormde Kerk:
in Suidelike Afrika (HKSA)
were endangered because they
participated in a system of ra-
cially segregated churches,
said a top church official.

Tension is building up be-
tween the ultra-conservative
Hervormde Kerk and its black
daughter-church, the: HKSA,
over the controversial Article
Ill, which dictates that differ-
ent ethnic groups should each
have their own churches within
the Hervormde family.

During recent talks between
the Hervormde Kerk and the
HKSA, the chairman of the
HKSA general assembly, the
Rev JZ Banda, said church
members received death
threats, and the safety of
church property was in danger
because the church was seen as
part of an objectionable system

/13104

cso:

3400/368

87

which rejected blacks.

As a result, church members
were becoming increasingly
reluctant to speak out and to
become involved in missionary
work.

In reaction to the HKSA's
claims, the Hervormde Kerk
said that it remained convinced
that a policy of separate but
equal opportunities for differ-
ent ethnic groups remained the
most reasonable option.

The Hervormde Kerk said
that it “understood” the threa-
tening situation members of
the HKSA found themselves in.

“It is, however, clear that the
same threats are being made
against other black Christians
who were not associated with
the Hervormde Kerk,” it said.

The relationship between the
Hervormde Kerk, the second
largest Afrikaans church, and
the HKSA was described in the
Hervormde Kerk’s newsletter
as “healthy but more tense”
following the talks,



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

SADCC MEETS TO ENCOURAGE INVESTMENT IN REGION

Harare THE HERALD in English 20 Oct 86 p 1

(Text ] ABOUT 60 SADCC businessmen, public sector repre-
sentatives and finance officials meet in Victoria Falls
today for the first SADCC meeting to discuss their
role in increasing investment in production in the

region.

Bie to SADCC’s executive secretary, Dr
Simba Makoni, the aim will be to give the business
comnmnty a eee aude it xo highlight ateps
programme of action to get 8
that need to be taken to increase investment im the
region by both regional and foreign business interests.

At the moment, very few businessmen appeared
to know anything about SADCC and its various pro-
grammes to increase self-reliance in the region — a
fact that was borne out by the fact that few tendered
for development projects in’ the region, which were
now worth US$65,4 billion.

He hoped that the two-day meeting would give
them “a deeper sense of the process under way’ as it
was in their own interests to play a larger role.

Dr Makoni will open the m with a fbroad
overview of the SADCC programme of action and the
recent Nordic/SADCC initiative focusing on the pro-
motion of trade and investment in production both in
the region amd between Nordic and SADCC states.

‘The Nordic view on this will then be put by the
Norwegian Secretary of State for Co-operative Devel-
opment, Mr Hans-Christian Brugge, after-which posi-
tion papers on industry and mining, and trade and
finance will be presented. The delegates will then
break up into sectoral groups ta views on-
investment opportunities and ways in which’ the in-
vestment climate in the region csutd be improved.

“We have no preconcieved idea on what will
emerge, but are very excited about this involvement
of the productive sector,” said Dr Makoni, .

He said the meeting was a natural offshoot of
SADCC’s emphasis so far on building up transport and
communications infrastructure in the region, Frojects
in this field had now “gained a certain momeiitum”
and were being matched by efforts to. increase trade
between member states to make use of the infrastruc-
ture.

The next annual consultative conference, to be
held in Gaborone in February, will have the theme. cf
investment in production and will be preceded by a
cne-day meeting of SADCC and foreign businessmen.
Dr Makoni said the Victoria Falls meeting would help
prepare SADCC businessmen for this meeting and it
was plamned that ideas generated at the one-day meet-
ing would be incorporated into the government-to-
government consultative conference.

112104
csc: 2400/272



SOUTH AFRICA

ASSOCOM CONGRESS: RAMPANT INFLATION 'IMPEDING GROWTH'
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Oct 86 p 6

{Article by Stephen Rogers]

[Text]
THE high rate of inflation con- unemployment remained bleak,
tinued to be a major stumbling a surge in aggregate consumer

block on the road to meaningful
economic recovery, Trust Bank

tuted a significant impediment
to promoting economic growth.

spending was unlikely. .
However, Van Wyk believed a

MD Chris van Wyk said at Asso- Higher government spending; modest rise in consumer spend-
com’s annual conference in Jo- _ a better performance from the ing would occur as consumers
hannesburg yesterday. export sector, particularly min- made more use of the large pool

With SA’s inflation rate well
above that of its international

ing; and a rivival in consumer
spending should result in real

of consumer credit available.

‘ ; gross domestic product rising by Helping this trend was the ex-
wading | Partners and cad pap. about 3% in 1987. + pectation that bank lending rates
7 But Van Wyk warned: against would continue to decline slight-

idly blunt any competitive ad-
vantage gained through a weak
exchange rate:

The high rate of domestic cost
inflation would only make it easi-
er, in conjunction with sanctions,
for major competitors such as
Canada and Australia to make
inroads into SA’s traditional
markets, he said.

Van Wyk expected the rate of
consumer price increases to re-
main in the 16%-18% range next
year, and said such a level consti-

recent reports of a revival in
consumer spending.

A significant impoverishment
of a large section of SA’s wage
earners had occurred since mid-
1984, and this tended to argue
against an upsurge in consumer
spending.

In addition, consumers’ aggre-
gate spending capacity was in-
fluenced by employment trends.
While the outlook for significant
job-creation and a reduction in

ly, with the overdraft rate stand-
ing between 12%-13% by mid-
1987.

Rates would then start to rise,
and the prime rate should in-
crease to about 15%-16% by
year-end.

Although the gold price would
probably rise and a surplus on
the current account of the bal-
ance of payments would con-
tinue, the exchange rate was ex-
pected to remain under pressure
next year.

19274

CSO: 3400/334

93



FOREIGN BLACK WORKERS DOMINATE HIGHER SKILL MINE JOBS

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 24-30 Oct 86 p 5

{Article by Jean Leger and Phillip Van Niekerk]

[Text]

/13046
CSO:

| FOREIGN black workers dominate
ithe higher skilled jobs in South,

African gold mines and their
repatriation would be a devastating
blow to gold production. ~

An analysis of skills of foreign
mineworkers by International Labour
Office researcher Fion de Vietter, has

found that 71 percent of workers in.
the most. senior grades are from.

countries such as _ Lesotho,
Mozambique, Swaziland and
Botswana.

Conversely, only 30 percent of the’
lowest unskilled jobs are held by:
foreigners says the report.

The research is highly significant’
coming at the same time as threats by
the government to repatriate foreign
workers. Mozambican workers are
already having their employment
terminated.

De Vletter’s research is based on
computerised statistics obtained from
Anglo American, the largest
employer in the industry. Anglo has a
proportion of foreign to local
workers — 40 to 60 — which matches
the gold mining industry as a whole.

Foreign black workers in South
Africa are concentrated in the mining
industry, comprising 83 percent of the
total 350 000 legally employed i in the
country.

However, on the mines the
proportion of foreigners has declined
dramatically over the last fifteen years
— from over 80 percent of the total
mine workforce to less than 40
percent.

3400/348

De Vletter notes that foreign
workers still retain huge clout,
dominating occupations which
“though small in number are critical
to the operation of the mines”.

He warns, however, that this
position of leverage is likely to
deteriorate quickly in the near future.

He says the data suggests that
through rapid attrition of more
experienced foreign workers and low
novice intake, a sharp decrease in the
percentage of foreigners is likely over
the next five years.

Other new findings which the report
reveals are that new labour supply
areas are-supplanting more traditional
areas within South Africa itself.

Transkei and Ciskei — once the
mainstays of labour supply inside
South Africa — are declining in
relation to newer labour supply areas
such as KwaZulu, Bophutatswana and
the Orange Free State.

This would indicate that the massive
changes to the political economy
which has characterised other labour
supply areas in the past are now taking
hold in these areas.

Data reveals that foreign miners are
less educated than South Africans and
that one quarter do not have any
formal education at all.

An interesting fact to emerge from
the report is that despite special
government dispensation allowing the
mines to house-three percent of their
black employees in family
accommodation, only 1,5 percent are
in married quarters.

98

SOUTH AFRICA



partment of Natural’ Re-
sources and the Forestry
Commission in the reaf-
forestation exercise, The
Forestry Commission and
Redd Barna have also
increased interest in
the project by intro-
ducing competitions _be-
tween schools. and com-
Munities to make them
more aware of the need
to conserve our natural
resources.”

Cde Makombe said the
realisation of these goals
depended entirely on an
effective communications
system within the pro-
vince,

“Our priority is the
speedy completion of the
new Mvuma-Gweru
and then also the Kwe-
Kwe-Gokwe one work on
which has been going on
for some time now.”

“We also envisage the
upgrading and eventual
tarring of the Chivhu-
Sadza road via Masase,
the Mvuma-Chiwundura,
the Shurugwi-Tongogara,
the  Zvishuvane-Buchwa.
and the Mberengwa-Ma-
taga roads,” Cie Mako-
mbe said.

Still on communication,
the governor hoped that
the airlink plans between
his province's capital

would be investigated and
worked. out urgently.

Cde Makombe sees de-
centralisation ap two
Yevels: the general de-
centratisation of industry
to the Midlands Province;
and decentralisation from
for Chikomba and the
other for Gokwe.

“For the successful im-
plementation of the edu-
cational expansion pro-
gramme, we are appeal-
ing to locai authorities
and communities to exer-

113104
C80: 3400/3266

shavane fx ming, go that
they mey pick up the
tempo of development
again, at the same time,
decentralisation = must
move to the new centres
— rural growth points
like Gokwe, Mataga, Sa-
dz, Tongogara, Chiwu-
ndura and Zhombe, which
I see ag the Midlands
towns of the future.”

‘Three of the centres —
Gokwe, Tongogara and
Mataga — already have
electricity and water, but
the aim is to electrify all
the remaining centres,
have them permanently
connected to a clean
water supply and tar all:
the roads leading to and
from them.

“We shalt go all out to
direct and attract invest-
ment to these ‘centres a8
a means of decentralising
and; promoting  smsll-
scale industrial develop-
ment,” he said, *

An extensive conatruc-
tion programme to pro-
vide more clinics, rural
and district hospitals as
well ag mobile clinics wil
be undertaken as part of:
the five-year plan.

‘The S4-yenr-old gover-
nor, who is a teacher by
profession satd that edu~
tion programmes would
be expanded in the Mid-
Jans within the context
of the provincial develop-
ment plan,

“We are looking for-
ward to the provision of
more secondary schools
during the five-year plan
period in accordance with
the Ministry of Educa-
tion’s own plan, We shall
also require a total of
4.000 trained teachers. We
will ask the Ministry of
Education to authorise the
establishment of two more
sixth form schools; one

61

more established centres
Lke Gweru and Kwekwe
to the aAitherto disad-
vantaged centres.

“I have ‘places Hke
Shu ‘Mvuma, Chi-

rugwi,

vhu, Lalepanzi and Zvi-
else -their self-reliance
skills and help provide ac-
commodation for the tea-
chers in an effort to at-
tract and retain the serv-
ices of qualified teachers
to their areas,”

Cde Makombe called op
the Ministry of Lands,
Agriculture and Rural
Resettlement to make
More land available for
resettlement in the pro-
vince. “We are continu-
ously being inundated
with requests for more
land for resettlement and
we would like to impress
upon the responsible min-
istry to make more land
available as this gives us
the opportunity to estab-
lish new aettlement pat-
terns which conform to
modern _ villagisation,
whose pilot projects. we
have in Mberengwa and
Chiwundura = communal
areas,”

The drive for an in-
crease in agricuiturai
productivity in the Mid-
lands Province is expect-
ed to be matched with an
equally vigorous drive to
expand industrisi activi-
ties. “Greater industrial
activity. in the urban
areas should attract a few
more people to. the towns
which should help reduce
pressure on the land
creating an opportunity
for a greater and more
efficient utilisation. of
land, Altogether, we hope
to generate a record
75 000 jobs in the next five
years through a total in-
vestment programme in-
volving $900 millon in
the province.”



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

RAILWAYS DEFENDS RSA BIKE DEAL--Bulawayo. The Railways has defended its
decision to award a contract for the supply of motorcycles to the parastatal
to a South African company. In reply to written questions from The
Chronicle, a spokesman said Suzuki (South Africa) had been awarded the
contract to supply 22 100 cc motorbikes, because their offer had been the
cheapest and the most technically acceptable. Local companies, who were last
month reported to be surprised and unhappy about the Railways decisions, were
considered and their tenders discounted because of the prices they asked.

The tender had been thrown open to countries worldwide through the inter-
national competitive bidding system and had been open from October 4 1985

to December 1985. The spokesman said that motorcycles were bought with the
assistance of loan funding and the loan agency conditions required this type
of tender to be conducted on an international competitive bidding basis.

The contract had to be awarded to the cheapest technically acceptable offer.
As the Railways was a parastatal, the tender had been sent to the Government
tender board for ratification, before the order for the motorcycles was
placed. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 13 Oct 86 p 5] /13046

OVER 5,000 TRAINEES OVERSEAS--Zimbabwe has more than 5 000 trainees under
scholarship programmes all over the world, the Minister of Labour, Manpower
Planning and Social Welfare, Cde Frederick Shava, said in Washington on
Friday. He was addressing Zimbabwean students studying in the United States
under the Zimman programme, at the Institute of International Education
conference. He said that, although Zimbabweans training in various countries
were expected to return home to assume their duties in national development,
there would be a gradual tapering off of overseas programmes for some
Zimbabweans in certain specialist areas. . It would not be viable to set up
the institutions to train them, because of the limited numbers required or
lack of financial and technical resources to set up the programmes. Cde
Shava said although there had been intensive manpower expansion programmes
in the country, the exercise had not met the total manpower requirements.
[Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 13 Oct 86 p 5] /13046

REFUGEES REPATRIATED--Gaborone. The seventh batch of 104 Zimbabwean refugees
left Dukwe Refugee Settlement yesterday morning and was due to arrive at
Plumtree yesterday afternoon. According to the United Nations High Com-
mission for Refugees representative, Mr Sylvester Awuye, the UNHCR was
represented during the repatriation exercise by the protection officer and

67



NEW SYSTEM FOR RECRUITING MILITIAMEN ANNOUNCED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 22 Oct 86 p 8

[Article by Sulley Agholisi]

[Text] A SYSTEM of vetting.

113104
CSO:

for entry into the
People’s Militia has
been introduced by: the
Civil Defence Organisa-
tion.
‘This is to ensure that
People with questionable
acters and criminal
records and tendencies are
weeded out of the system.

Militiamen are expected
to defend the interest of
the nation as well as render
services to their communi-
ties. They are also to offer
assistance in times of
em

To meet these challen-
es, the training syllabus is

igned to produce an all
round militia jonnel
who will be able to fight
fire, give first aid, do farm
work and assist in security
duties.

Brigadier Tehn-Addy,
Commander of the Civ

rganisation an-
gpeniag of the Klukpo Mi
opening i-
litia Camp near Sogakope
in the Volta Region. Ho-
wever, he did not disclose
the new vetting \-

He emy that the
militia cannot be effective
in their operations without:
sympathy and support
from the community in
which they live.

To this end, he warned:
against acts of vandalism.
and arrogance on the part
of militiamen.

“The militia is not for
the “sadist” he said, adding
that it is“for the humane
nationalist, prepared to
offer service truthfully

3400/362

12

without any monetary ex-
pectations.”

It_will be recalled that
the Klukpo Militia Camp
was closed down about six
months ago following re-
ports of malpractices in-
volving militiamen in the
Tongu District.

On the allegations that
led to the closure, Brigadi-
er Tehn-Addy described
them as “exaggerations
calculated to cause alarm”
and warned those engaged
in such nefarious acts to
desist from them forth-
with,

The Commander reite-
rated that the militia is
only to assist the. various
organs of state but not to
take over their duties and
responstbilities.

He likened them to the
traditional Asafo Com-
pany which seeks to foster
the social dictum of “all for
each and each for all’? and.
said the militia is fashioned
on the Traditional Asafo
Company concept.

The 30-strong  mutitia
made up of 24 men and six
women have put about
nine hectares of land under
cultivation. Among the
crops cultivated are maize,
beans, onions and pepper.
Brigadier Tehn-Addy later
inspected some of the
farms. He also inspected
about seven hectares cot-
ton farm of the Mobisquad
in the area and commend-
ed both organisations for.
their zeal.

CHANA



SOUTH AFRICA

STUDY SAYS ELECTRIFICATION OF HOMES SHOULD BE PRIORITY

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 24-30 Oct 86 p 11

[Article by Moira Levy]

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA produces nearly 60

percent of. Africa’s total electricity :

supply.

Yet.22-million South Africans, out
of a population of 31,4-million, have
no access to electricity.

For their energy requirements, the
vast majority of the country’s
population is forced to use fuels like
paraffin, gas, coal and wood, which
are considerably more expensive than
electricity.

A survey ‘by Anton Eberhard,
director of the Energy Research
Institute at the University of Cape
Town, showed that township families
without electricity paid up to three
times as much for domestic energy
than those households with access to
electricity.

“This data clearly dispels the
popular myth that most black
households cannot afford electricity.
The truth is they can no longer afford

not to have electricity,” Eberhard

writes in the latest study to come out
of the second Carnegie Inquiry into
Poverty and Development in Southem
Africa.

In his study he calls for more urgent
investigation into alternative energy
sources for the rural areas.

“Until now, only trivial amounts
have been invested in energy supply
for the underdeveloped areas, while it
is clear that it is in this sector that the
most serious shortages and problems
occur.” Eberhard warms against the
“misallocation of research and
development funds which have
focused mainly on non-renewable”

95

types of energy, in particular nuclear °

energy, with little regard to the
environmental consequences of
depleting resources.

In underdeveloped rural areas,
wood is the most common fuel,
accounting for 80 percent of energy

used. The result has been “enormous +
and severe scarcities” of natural ‘

woodlands and a new reliance on
purchased wood which, although

relatively cheap, needs to be!

transported — at approximately 80
percent of the price of the load.

“The social costs of dependence on
fuelwood are high. The average
woman spends most of the working
day labouring over the provision of
basic services which are simply taken
for granted in most urban areas.
Fuelwood and water collection trips
are arduous. and time-consuming,”
Eberhard writes.

“Wood scarcities have meant that
more and more households are having
to switch to alternative fuels,
particularly in peri-urban and urban
areas. With many of these households.
denied access to electricity, they are
forced to use inferior and expensive
fossil fuels.”

It is the families in the peri-urban
areas, “sandwiched between the
metropolitan and rural areas”, who
are denied access to agricultural land
and woodland\and who are forced to
rely on these “most costly, and
perhaps least reliable fuels”. .

Eberhard found in his survey that
most householders consider paraffin,

gas, coal and batteries to be too-



TIMBER, WOOP PRODUCT XPORT EARNINGS

Acera PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 20 Oct 86 p 1

[Article by Kwase Penni!

[Text]

113104

THE Timber Ex-

ort Development
Board (TEDB) ex-
ported 80,000 cubic
metres of wood
products valued at
27 million Deuts-
che Marks between
July and Septemb-
er this year. It is
the highest figure
recorded since
1978.

Mr Michael J. Lyons,
Managing Director of
TEDB, disclosed this when
briefing newsmen on the
board’s export promotion
activities at Takoradi at
the week-end.

He said by the end of
December this year, the
board would be expected to
have exported 50 million
dollars of wood products as
against a total export of
28.7 million dollars last
year and 18.7 million dol-
lars in 1984.

Giving reasons for the
achievement, Mr Lyons
mentioned the rehabilita-
tion of the timber industry

nder the Economic Reco-
very Programme (ERP)
and said the timber sector

for the past two years
absorbed about 100 million
dollars mainly in the form

3400/26]

17

of logging, processing and
transportation equipment.

The possibility now
exists in the country for
substantial increases in the
export of logs, lumber, ve-
neer and processed pro-
ducts, he added.

According to Mr Lyons,
exports this year could
have been more but for the
Takoradi Harbour which
he said has been creating
some bottlenecks. The si-
tuation is expected to be
rectified by middle of
next year, provided the
ports rehabilitation pro-

‘amme goes on as sche-

luled.

My Lyons noted that in
order to increase timber
exports from 200,000 cubic
metres in 1985 to around
700,000 cubic metres by
1990, the board is finding
ways to capture a share of
non-traditional logs and
lumber market and also
explore new markets for
processed products.

To change the image of
the timber trade, the board
has embarked on a planned
programme including ex-
hibiting at trade fairs in
selected countries, formed
exploratory. trade missions
to look for new markets
and concentrated public
relations emphasised in se-
veral languages.

GHANA



POLICE BLAMED FOR RISING CRIME RATE

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 12 Oct 86 p 3

[Text]

THE record of the.

Zimbabwe ‘Republic

Police in the preven. |

tion. of crime has not
been impressive in
combating the crime
rate which has heen
imereasing alarmingly
year after year, the
chairman of the Ca-
tholic Commission for
Justice and Peace, Mr
Mike Auret, said’ in
Harare on Wednes-
-day.

Speaking at 9 meeting

of the Zimbabwe Associa -

tion for Crime Preven-
tion and Rehabilitation of

the Offender; Mr Auret |
said the dramatic rise in ©

the number of private
security firms ond the
personnel they employed
‘bore witness to this, _,. .

/13046
cso: 3400/351

“While I am
that these security ey
have employment, I find
it difficuit to | justify
paying taxes to pay poli-
cemen and at the same
time paying private secu-
rity-men to do the work
of these men,” he said.

He said there was a de-
sperate need for uniform-
ed policemen to be more
visible, espectally in high
crime areas such as the
main post offices, iid
‘ket places and bus stops.

He said thousands of
reports had been made
about the iate ar noi
reaction of the police io
reports of crime, with
the excuse usually giver
by the police of lack of
transport, or manpower
or fuel. He said this
situation could be reme-
died by more efficient
planning, and by police
vehicles being more care-
fully driven so that they
‘spent less time off the
road,

46

ZIMBABWE

He also criticised the
polize force for being
slopnily dressed and suid
the this was reflected in
their work. He called or
higher levels of discipiine
and loyalty to be instilled ©
in policemen to ensure
that standards improved. -

Mr Auret said crime‘
prevention began in the |
home and at... school,
where discipline could be
taught ang young child-
ren could be brought up
to be law-abiding citizens
with a realisation of the
real values of honesty,
int rity and truth.

Té was not impossible
to create a law-abiding
, he said, olting
amipie of Shwitzer-
which he deseribea
‘2. very orderly society
a very low crime

rate.

“Crime is not simply
an injustice or a violation
ct idividuai rights and

privacy, but it ig a burden
to the country, both fi-
nameially and morally,”
eo xid.



/13104
CSO:

3400/369

~- BRIDGING MANY ACADEMIC GAPS

“The result of this would be students who deserve
their certificates because of their attitudes and abili-
ty to work,” she says.

A graduate and TED-trained teacher, Miss Garrard
attributes the success rate which students. have
achieved at the school to the bridging of their many
academic gaps. This applies especially to mathemat-
ics where improvement has been dramatic.

That the absorption of students with vastly differ-
ing cultures and backgrounds will be accompanied by
problems, is a challenge workers believe can be over-
come. “It has to begin with small children. Watching
them play together, one sees a unity which knows no-
prejudice,” says Mr Bernard Yeowart, principal of:
the King’s School in Bryanston.

Fees vary from school to school, but are well
below general private school fees. Most schools are
already registered as private schools.

In line with their policy of providing a relaxed
family environment, the school buildings are a far
cry from the conventional state institutions.

Spread over three hectares, the Robin Hills school
— which cost R750 000 — is a modern, spacious three-
tiered complex. Most of the money was provided by
parents who, seeing changes in their children after
two years at the school, sold their houses and-bought
smaller ones to release amounts of R20 000, R30 000
and R40 000. Others have cashed in their insurance
policies. Combined contributions amount to R500 000.

91



NIGERIA

OPEC PRESIDENT LUKMAN CITED ON OIL PRICES
AB312210 Lagos Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 31 Oct 86

{Text] The minister of petroleum resources and president of the Organization
of Petroleum Exporting Countries [OPEC], Alhaji Rilwanu Lukman, says Britain's
cooperation with OPEC in its effort to stabilize oil prices will be in that
country's long-term interest. Reviewing the outcome of the just-concluded con-
ference of the organization at a news conference in Lagos today, Alhaji Rilwanu
stressed that if Britain refused to cooperate, she would be the loser in the
end.

The minister disclosed that a technical committee on pricing will meet next
month to prepare grounds for the ministerial conference coming up in December.

Answering a question, he disagreed that there was any political consideration
influencing production capacity of any member nation of OPEC. Rather, he said,
everything centered on negotiations at which every country took cognizance of
their population and the domestic interests of the home government. He ex-
pressed satisfaction with the stand of member countries of OPEC, who he said
looked for a permanent solution to the problems of the oil market rather than
let the organization's collapse. [as received]

The minister said OPEC was discussing the possibility of fixing oil prices of
between $17 and $18 a barrel, and expressed optimism that oil prices will go
up given the recent cutback by OPEC member countries.

/12232
cso: 3400/346

29



GHANA

AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH FAO ON RICE MILLING PROJECT
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 9 Oct 86 p 5
{Article by Gillian Heathcote & Judith Bagiro]

[Text] Ghana and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) yesterday signed
a technical co-operation project agreement for the rehabilitation of the rice
milling industry in Ghana.

Under the agreement, the FAO will contribute 250,000 dollars and provide
equipment and spare parts.

It will further provide one thresher for the five Ghana Food Distribution
Corporation (GFDC) rice plants in Northern Ghana.

It will, among others, be responsible for its operation and maintenance, as
well as rice post harvest technologies and general operating expenses.

Ghana will provide a counterpart fund of C15.2 million for the construction of
the buildings, access roads, water and electricity supply and pay the wages of
the technicial staff and labourers.

Commodore Steve Obimpeh, Secretary for Agriculture, signed for Ghana, whilst
Mr. N. Doumandji, FAO Deputy Regional Representative for Africa, signed for
the organization. The GFDC will be the government agent on the project.

In a speech before signing the agreement in Accra, Commodore Obimpeh said
though the country had not achieved self-sufficiency in rice production, the
potential was evident with the country already producing 60 per cent of its
rice requirement. Saying that there was an indication of a good harvest in
rice production this year, he said the Ghana Rice Production Company (GRPC)
would be taken over by the GFDC to enable it to mill its C250 million worth of
paddy expected to be purchased this year.

13104
cso: 3400/362

13



PROSPECTORS RETURN TO HARARE DISTRICT

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 10 Oct 86 p 13

[Text]

A RELATIVELY new name to |

mineral exploration in this coun-

try, Cluff Mineral Exploration ;

(Zimbabwe) Limited (CMEZ), 2
subsidiary of Cluff Oil Holdings
ple of Britain, has been granted

.an exclusive prospecting order

(EPO) to explore for copper,

tungsten, arsenic gold and other .

ious metals over an area

precious of 5
about 8 054 hectares within the ;

Harare mining district. ~

‘The rights, which were gazetted ”

last Friday ‘by the Minister of
Mines, Mr Richard C Hove, cover

a three-year period, from Septem- -
ber 26, 1986 to September 25, °

1989, inclusive.

The Harare mining district is.a
vast area from about the north-east
quarter of Zimbabwe, where the
Sengwe River enters Lake Kariba,
and stretches down to the north of:
Chimanimani and then follows a
boundary that runs north-east to
Kadoma.

In addition to this EPO, the com-
pany is also heavily in other explo-
ration work at the Royal Family
Mine in Filabusi, Mt Darwin, the
Rosa Prospect about 75km north of
Harare and Emerald Prospect,
100km north-west of Kadoma.

‘A geologist with the company, Dr
A Martin, told the Gazerte that the
area for which it has been granted
the EPO has a potential of yielding
substantial quantities of gold and

/13046
CSO: 3400/349

other ihetals. If the results prove
successful after three years of ex-.{
ploration work, Cluff Mineral will 4
then startefull-scale commercial !
production. . :
“The whole area within our EPO
has |, we are told, in excess
of 30 tonnes of gold since records |
were kept. We feel it is a favoura-
Be Tato be ramon
i . is the reason
why ‘we applied for the EPO early
this year”, said Dr Martin. :
“We are now looking at some of '
the claims in the area and regional
exploration will begin some ‘time in
1987. We will use geo-physical and
‘chemical methods, and the whole
area will be covered thoroughly”. °
Two field teams. have’ been
deployed and ‘are presently doing .
the initial soil sampling and survey-
ing. Several bags of soil samples
have already been brought to the
Harare office of Cluff Mineral.
Exploration work is also well un-
derway at the Royal Family Mine
at Filabusi in Matabeleland South.
The EPO for that area expires in’
January 1987. ‘‘We intend to fin-
ish our exploration work at the end
of this year’’, said Dr Martin.
Improvements have already been.
carried out at the mine, including
new buildings to t:ouse the mine’s
analytical laboratory, a new carbon
elution unit, and an electrolytic and
smelting plant to enable the mine to

57

ZIMBABWE

produce gold bullion without using *
the former facilities. . i

“Our exploration work at this
mine has proved quite successful’’,
Dr Martin said. :

‘As at December 1985, the mine’s
ore reserves exceeded. 580 000
tonnes, including 760 000 tonnes in
the two tailing dumps and 180 000
tonnes of possible reserves — mak-
ing a total of over 1,5 million tonnes
containing 49 000 fine outices of *
gold. At the present extraction rate,
the mine has a lifespan of about
eight and and a half years. -

A financial and technical review
is presently underway to establish
the most cost-effective way of in-
creasing gold production by
ing ore reserves in the two tailing
dumps.

‘Active exploration work is cur-
rently underway within EPO 609 in
the Mt Darwin area, covering about

An extensive exploration
programme is being planned by
another subsidiary of Cluff Oil,
Cluff Gold Mines (Zimbabwe)
Limited (CGMZ), for the Emerald
Prospect, 100km north-west of Ka-
doma. Preliminary trenching on the
Rosa Prospect 75km north of Ha-
rare has been completed by CGMZ,
and basic exploration work is ex-

to start soon.

“Lam confident that all work in
this country will meet with suc-
cess’’, Dr Martin told the Gazette.



ECONOMIC

/7310

Assocom Congress: Rampant Inflation ‘Impeding Growth'
(Stephen Rogers; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Oct 86) ...scececcececees

Assocom Congress: Call for Loans, Not Boycotts
(Mick Collins; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Oct 86) ..cccsseccecevcece

Study Says Electrification of Homes Should Be Priority
(Moira Levy; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 24-30 Oct 86) .....

Rank Xerox Considering Future Prospects of Staying
(THE CITIZEN, 24 Oct 86) .....e0e

Foreign Black Workers Dominate Higher Skill Mine Jobs
(Jean Leger, Phillip Van Niekerk; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 24-

30 Oct 86) cesccseccceecenecceeceenecenvceeesseeeenecsaees

Auto Workers Unions Demand Voice in Withdrawals
(SAPA, 2 Nov 86) .....4.

Briefs
Registering Mozambicans Response Poor
Free Trade Areas Declared
Foreign Investment Applications Rise
Australia Withdraws SAA Landing Rigkts
Economic Growth Predicted
Natal Losing Thousands of Jobs
United Drought Fight

93

94

95

97

101
101
101
101
102
102
102



NEW PRIVATE SCHOOL SYSTEM OFFERS EQUAL EDUCATION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Oct 86 p 16

[Article by Val Pauquet]

[Text ]

Equal education has become a reality for some 1 000
students attending 12 non-racial private schools
around the country. Fifteen more such schools will
open next year.

Based on Accelerated Christian Education (ACE)
— the programme makes provision for students to
slot in at their existing academic levels, and has been
successfully used over the past two years in Nel-
spruit, Pretoria, Hekpoort, Magaliesburg, Bryanston,
Randburg, Krugersdorp, Newcastle, Kimberley and
Cape Town.

ACE is used in more than 8 000 schools in 87 coun-
tries around the world. Its founders here are pro-
claiming it to be the answer to the gaping disparities
responsible for the current crisis in black education.

Utopian as the concept may sound, Christians from
a wide range of inter-denominational churches be-
lieve the establishment of such a system could be-
come the foundation for meaningful communication
and change.

In South Africa, the schools are established in three
provinces. Headquarters is the King’s School in Robin
Hills, Randburg, where staff training takes place and
which is viewed as a pilot project for those interested
in the scheme. .

ACE is a self-learning programme in a classroom
situation under the guidance of a teacher, where the
emphasis is placed on the child learning, rather than
the teacher teaching.

Main areas of emphasis are on individualised
learning, group interaction, teacher participation and
self-discipline. Although the system provides interna-
tionally accepted academic qualifications, character
development is viewed as the most vital aspect, as is
recognition and development of the potential of a
child as a whole — academically, spiritually and
emotionally.

A unique aspect of the programme is that students.
are not grouped according to chronological level.
Candidates are tested up to two or more years behind
their chronological age to determine the existence of
any academic gaps, the bridging of which is a
pre-requisite for advancement. The learning process
is accelerated or slowed down according to pupil re-
sponse in such diagnostic testing.

89

SOUTH AFRICA


UGANDA

POLITICIZATIONS EXERCISES FOR NRA
Kampala THY FQUATOR in English 15 Oct 86 p 1

[ext] Policitisation programne of the rank and file within the NRA, is
slowly but effectively taking root spreading to all Brigades throughout. the
country.

According to a political commissar, at the N.R.A. Central Prigade Commandor ,
the politicisation exercise of officers and men is already showing positive
signs.

Those who are already exposed to the programme admit that there is alot to
gain from it that can help to mould an army free from tribal tendencies that.
have in the past been mainly responsible for sowing seeds of disunity and
antipeople among the soldiers.

A strong feeling of nationalism is starting to show anong those who have
already undergone the exercise.

4 political commissar has commented; "the soldiers are slowly realising that
one cannot wite one's country when at the same is practising tribalism.”

“the soldiers are realising one important factor that most of our past leaders
have gone astray because they opted for tribalism other than uniting the
country as one nation. ‘he N.R.A. soldiers are therefore rejecting tribalism
at any level,” he said.

/13104
cso: 3400/375

34



/13046
cso:

éxpensive, and fear that gas and
candles constitute a fire hazard. Many
families “complained that paraffin and
candles are messy to use, that they
provide poor light, and that smoke
from wood and coal fires permeate
clothes”.

Eberhard argues that in spite of the

initial costs involved, electrification in ,

the urban and peri-urban areas would

be the best solution to energy.

shortages.

He ‘estimates ‘that supplying
electricity to the households in and
around the metropolitan cities and
towns would require less than 8 000-

million kwh each year, or seven:

percent of the total electricity
produced by Escom in 1984,
“Unfortunately, it seems that the
provision of services such as
electricity is still being regarded as of
secondary importance in the planning
of townships and the up-grading of

peri-urban and informal settlements,”

Eberhard writes.
The massive housing project at
Khayelitsha in the Cape is another

example where the electrification of '

houses has been ignored. “There is no

doubt that by denying electricity to,

these areas, communities are further.
impoverished by having to meet the
higher costs of fuels such as coal, gas,
paraffin, candles and batteries, and

quality of life expectations are:

frustrated by being denied the
opportunities and benefits of
electrification.”

3400/348

The installation of electricity is!
expensive, Eberhard concedes — the:
World Bank lent $60-billion (in 1982):
to Third World’ countries for!
developing electric power sources —
and he proposes that solar heating and
a more energy-efficient design for
low-cost housing also be considered in
remote rural areas far from the
electricity grid.

“The creation of energy-efficient
building requires a greater
appreciation of the way climate,
orientation, design and building
materials can be used to increase
comfort levels.” - .

Eberhard also calls for state or
community-initiated afforestation
projects, especially in the homelands.
He says South Africa’s fuelwood
production is about 420 000 tonnes,
way below the country’s basic
requirement of 5,3-million tonnes. To
meet this demand, he estimates, nearly
750 000 ha of woodlot needs to be
cultivated.

This is “clearly a huge task when it
is recognised that the total area under
commercial plantations in South
Africa is 1,2-million ha and that the
total area in the homelands currently
under woodlots is only about 26 000 -
ha.”

Besides increasing the availability of
wood, energy supply could be
improved if wood were used more
efficiently. An experiment by UCT’s
Institute for Energy Research has
produced a stove that uses woodfuel
50 percent more efficiently than the
usual model, Eberhard reports.

96



ZAMBIA

FRG JOURNAL REVIEWS KEY ROLE OF KAUNDA IN SANCTIONS CONFLICT
Hamburg DIE ZEIT in German 15 Aug 86 p 2

[Article by Hans Jakob Ginsburg: "A High Price for Morality--Zambia's
President Kenneth Kaunda Wants to Stay the Course on Economic War with
Pretoria]

[Text] Kenneth Kaunda, the president of Zambia, lost patience with Margaret
Thatcher. For three and a half days, seven Commonwealth heads of govern-
ment had argued in London over a common South Africa policy for the
community of the heirs of the Empire. Six of the conference participants
were agreed on a comprehensive package of measures against the racist
regime on the Cape; only the British prime minister was putting up a
delaying action. When the six opponents of apartheid finally informed

the press of their suggestions, Kaunda got personal: "Margaret Thatcher

as prime minister is committed to British economic interests in South Africa
at the expense of human beings. She adores platinum and gold, she kisses
apartheid." No harsher reproaches are known to Kenneth Kaunda, consecrated
priest of the Church of Scotland.

In contrast to most present-day politicians of black Africa, the 62-year-
old Kaunda has experienced in his own person what the separation of races’
means. As a young preacher and teacher, he worked in a community of black
miners who at that time were not allowed to spend their hard-earned money
in the whites’ stores--at least not if they wanted to enter the shops
through the normal entrances. "If we wanted anything, we had to creep
through a hole in the wall of the shop building," Kaunda still remembered
decades later. The young missionary's son experienced his first big
political confrontation when he ordered a sandwich in a cafe designated
for whites only, and some whites beat him up for it.

The British colony of Northern Rhodesia, in which blacks were second-class
human beings, made way 22 years ago for the black republic of Zambia, which
has been governed since independence by the former civil rights fighter
Kenneth David Kaunda. He has turned gray in the meanwhile, and is one of
the oldest heads of state in Africa, both in age and in service. But it
is not the long years in the presedential palace of Lusaka (whose grounds
he has had developed into a golf course) that have put their stamp on hin,
put rather the struggle for the dignity of black people in a colonial

37