Å ̈ ̧·­ °ø1a ·2 ̈a2 ̈·±2ø¥¥ß æ¥ø2μÃ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

· ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

‹—›À”¤“Ã fl fl×‘flfi×‘×Ã«

¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 1⁄2±°·a­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ ø2o Æa¥ø ̈ao 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥­ 1⁄2ø2 æa o± ́2o ø ̈Ê 

 ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒ13æ±2oÚ fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa¥ßÙ °ø°aÆ 1⁄2±°·a­ 3øß æa ±æ ̈ø·2ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 

fl·Æ Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ fi±øÆoé­  ̄flŒfi ̃ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 —oo·1⁄2aÙ ÔððÔ × Õ ̈Æaa ̈Ù Ô­ ̈ ⁄¥±±ÆÙ ·­· ̈±Æø2o ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ ÕaÆTM·1⁄2a­ ›a2 ̈aÆÙ Õø1⁄2Æø3a2 ̈±Ù ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÙ ÁÎËÔÏÙ  ̄ÁÔÍ ̃ ÌÓÓÛÓÁÁðÚ 

×o ß± ́ 2aao  ̈ ̧·­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ ·2 ø2 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o±Æ3ø ̈  ̄·ÚaÚÙ fiÆø·¥¥aÙ ¥øÆ1a °Æ·2 ̈ ̃ ±Æ ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ 

¥ø21 ́ø1aÙ °¥aø­a 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ”a¥·­­ø “·aoaÆÆa· ̈aÆ ø ̈  ̄ÁÔÍ ̃ ÌÓÌÛÍÎÈÍ ±Æ 

32·aoaÆÆ‡øÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÚ ÃÃ«ÒÃ‹‹ÒÕ°aa1⁄2 ̧  ̈± Õ°aa1⁄2 ̧  ́­aÆ­ 3øß o·ø¥ ÈÔÔ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Œa¥øß ÕaÆTM·1⁄2aÚ 

›—“Ãfl›ÃÕ

–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 

–¥ø22·21 ø2o Ãa1⁄2 ̧2·1⁄2ø¥ Õ ́°°±Æ ̈ ‹·TM·­·±2 

fl·Æ Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ fi±øÆo 

–Ú—Ú fi±® ÓËÔÎ 

Õø1⁄2Æø3a2 ̈±Ù ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ÁÎËÔÓ 

–Æ±1Æø3 ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ‘·2aÊ  ̄ÁÔÍ ̃ ÏÏÛŸ——‹Õ  ̄ÏÏÏÛÍÍÌÈ ̃ 

–Æ±1Æø3 ¤3ø·¥Ê 13æ±2o‡øÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TM

–Æ±1Æø3 ...aæ­· ̈aÊ  ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒ13æ±2o

—“Ÿ—×“Ÿ ›‘flŒ×⁄×›flÃ×—“ —⁄ –Œ—ŸŒfl” Œ¤œÀ×Œ¤”¤“ÃÕ

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 1⁄2¥øÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ Æa1øÆo·21 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ·­­ ́a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß øÆ·­a øo ̈aÆ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

o·2ø¥ Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ©·¥¥ æa 3øoa øTMø·¥øæ¥a ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈a  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧ 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

‹×Õ›‘fl×”¤Œ

Ã ̧·­ Æa°±Æ ̈  ̧ø­ æaa2 ÆaTM·a©ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ø2o ø°°Æ±TMao o±Æ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú fl°°Æ±TMø¥ 

o±a­ 2± ̈ ­·12·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈a2 ̈­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆ·¥ß Æao¥a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a TM·a©­ ø2o °±¥·1⁄2·a­ ±o flŒfi  ̈ ̧aÙ 

2±Æ o±a­ 3a2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈Æøoa 2ø3a­ ±Æ 1⁄2±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥ °Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈­ 1⁄2±2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a a2o±Æ­a3a2 ̈ ±Æ 

Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ́­aÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

·· ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

Å ̈ ̧·­ °ø1a ·2 ̈a2 ̈·±2ø¥¥ß æ¥ø2μÃ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

··· ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

Ãflfi‘¤ —⁄ ›—“Ã¤“ÃÕ 

×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ô

flÚ ×2 ̈Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈·±2ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ô

fiÚ fl ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ó

ÔÚ –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ì

ÓÚ Õa2ø ̈a fi·¥¥ ËË ø2o fl­­a3æ¥ß fi·¥¥ ÓðÔÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ì

ÌÚ “a© ¥a1·­¥ø ̈·±2ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔÔ 

ÏÚ Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æ Õ1⁄2 ̧©øÆ¶a2a11aÆé­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·TMa­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔÔ

›Ú ‹ao·2· ̈·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔÓ 

××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔÁ

flÚ –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔÁ

ÔÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 1⁄2¥øÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Óð

ÓÚ –Æ±TM·­·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o± 2± ̈ ø°°¥ß  ̈± °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Óð

fiÚ –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄ ́2o·21 ÃøÆ1a ̈­ ø2o –Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÔ

ÔÚ ÃÆøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÔ

ÓÚ ›ø ̈a1±Æß o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÓ

ÌÚ –Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÓ

ÏÚ –Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ ø2o ⁄«ÓððÁÛÔð o ́2o­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÌ

›Ú –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ¤3·­­·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÌ

ÔÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥aÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÌ

ÓÚ œ ́ø2 ̈·oß·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æa2ao· ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÎ

ø ̃ –±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÎ

æ ̃ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÍ

‹Ú –Æ±TM·­·±2 o±Æ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ‘±ø2 ±Æ ‘±ø2 Ÿ ́øÆø2 ̈aa –Æ±1Æø3­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÍ

¤Ú flŒfi –Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̈± fl©øÆo ⁄ ́2o­  ̈± ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a fl1a21⁄2·a­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓË

ÔÚ “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ßÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓË

ÓÚ œ ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓË

ÌÚ ŒaTM·a© ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÁ

ø ̃ ›±3°¥a ̈a2a­­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÁ

æ ̃ ›±2­·­ ̈a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ ¥a1ø¥ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÓÁ

1⁄2 ̃ ›±2­·­ ̈a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß °¥ø2­ o±Æ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ìð

o ̃ flTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o o ́¥¥ o ́2o·21 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ìð

a ̃ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ø2o 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ìð

o ̃ ‹ø ̈ø  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ìð

1 ̃ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ìð

ÏÚ flŒfi aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2ø°øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2±°aÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ìð

ÎÚ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÔ

ÍÚ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÔ

ø ̃ ¤3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­1⁄2±Æa ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÓ

æ ̃ ›±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ­1⁄2±Æa ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÓ

1⁄2 ̃ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÏ

ÈÚ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©±Æμ­ ̧±°­ ±2 a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÏ
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

·TM ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

ËÚ Œa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ o±Æ o ́2o·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÏ

ø ̃ ›±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o øTMø·¥øæ¥a o ́2o­ ø2o o ́2o·21 °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÏ

æ ̃ ⁄ ́2o·21 ¥aTMa¥ o±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÎ

ÁÚ – ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̧aøÆ·21 ø2o fi±øÆo ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÎ

ÔðÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÎ

ø ̃ Õ ̈ø2oøÆo 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÍ

æ ̃ Ÿa2aÆø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÍ

1⁄2 ̃ ⁄ ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÛ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 a¥a3a2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÈ

ÔÔÚ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ¥±ø2 ø2o ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3 ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌË

ø ̃ Õ ̈ø2oøÆo ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÌÁ

æ ̃ Õ1⁄2±°a ±o ©±Æμ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ïð

⁄Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 —TMaÆ­·1 ̧ ̈ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ïð

ÔÚ flŒfi ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ïð

ÓÚ flŒfi a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÏÔ

ø ̃ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÏÔ

æ ̃ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÏÌ

ÌÚ ⁄ ́2o·21 Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa Û flŒfiÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÏÏ

ÏÚ —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÏÎ

ø ̃ —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÏÎ

æ ̃ —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÏÍ

ÎÚ fl ́o· ̈·21 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÏÈ

ø ̃ flŒfi ø ́o· ̈­ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÏË

æ ̃ flŒfi ø ́o· ̈­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Îð

ÍÚ flŒfi Æa°±Æ ̈·21ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Îð

ø ̃ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©aæ­· ̈a ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÔ

æ ̃ fl22 ́ø¥ 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 3aa ̈·21­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÔ

1⁄2 ̃ À°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ⁄·2ø21⁄2aÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÔ

o ̃ flŒfi ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÔ

ÈÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÓ

ø ̃ “±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a o·2o·21ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÓ

æ ̃ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°aø¥ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÓ

1⁄2 ̃ Œa3ao·a­ o±Æ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÌ

ËÚ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÎ 

×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ –Æ±°±­ø¥ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÍ

flÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÍ

ÔÚ ¤®·­ ̈·21 ±Æ Æa ̈ ́Æ2·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÍ

ÓÚ “a© ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÍ

ÌÚ “a© Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÈ

fiÚ ‘a1ø¥ ø2o –Æ±1Æø3 Œa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÈ

ÔÚ ‘a1ø¥ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÈ

ø ̃ ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ 3· ̈·1ø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎË

æ ̃ Œø·¥Æ±øo ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎË

1⁄2 ̃ ¤®·­ ̈·21 flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎË

o ̃ À°1⁄2±3·21 flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÎÁ

ÓÚ –Æ±1Æø3 Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Íð
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

TM ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

›Ú –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­ o±Æ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2·a­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÔ

ÔÚ Ãa1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÔ

ÓÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­ ø2o  ́­a ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÓ

ÌÚ –Æ±1⁄2ao ́ÆaÒ°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÌ

ÏÚ Ÿa±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÌ

‹Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –ÆaÛfl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ›±33 ́2· ̈ß ”aa ̈·21ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÏ

¤Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÎ

ÔÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÎ

ÓÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÍ

ÌÚ –Æ±TM·­·±2­  ̈± 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a °Æ±°±­ø¥ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÍ

ÏÚ ⁄ ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÈ

ø ̃ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÈ

æ ̃ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÈ

ÎÚ fl·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍË

ÍÚ Õ ̈øoo Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍË

ÈÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÁ

ËÚ ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÍÁ

ÁÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Èð 

× Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÓ

flÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÓ

ÔÚ ›±33 ́2· ̈ß ø2o ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÓ

ø ̃ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÓ

æ ̃ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©aæ­· ̈a ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÓ

ÓÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3øÆμa ̈·21  ̈±±¥­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÓ

ø ̃ ”øÆμa ̈·21  ̈±±¥­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÌ

æ ̃ — ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆÒ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÌ

1⁄2 ̃ ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ß  ́°1Æøoa­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÌ

o ̃ — ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ­3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­a­ o±Æ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÏ

ÌÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÏ

ÏÚ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ ø¥­±  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÍ

ÎÚ ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ø2o ‹ø ̈øæø­a a2 ̈Æß ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÍ

ø ̃ ŒaTM·a© ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÍ

æ ̃ ‹ø ̈øæø­a a2 ̈Æß ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÈ

ÍÚ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÈ

ø ̃ ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÈ

æ ̃ ”± ̈±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa­  ̄flfi ÓÈÍÍ ̃ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÈ

1⁄2 ̃ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 oÆ±3 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 

flfi ÔÔËÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÈ

ÈÚ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈË

ø ̃ ¤3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­1⁄2±Æa ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈË

æ ̃ ›±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ­1⁄2±Æa ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÁ

1⁄2 ̃ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÈÁ

o ̃ Œø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ø°°Æ±TMø¥ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ëð

a ̃ Õa¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ëð
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

TM· ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

ËÚ ›±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÔ

ÁÚ “± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÓ

ÔðÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÓ

ÔÔÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÌ

ø ̃ Õ ̈ø2oøÆo 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÏ

æ ̃ Ÿa2aÆø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÏ

1⁄2 ̃ Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÛ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 a¥a3a2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÎ

ÔÓÚ Ãø® Æa°±Æ ̈·21ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÍ

ÔÌÚ –Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÍ

ø ̃ Ÿa2aÆø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÈ 

æ ̃ ‘a1ø¥ ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa °Æ±TM·­·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÈ

1⁄2 ̃ ‘aø­a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËË

ÔÏÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2Æø° ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËË

ÔÎÚ Œa ́­a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ò¥·3· ̈ao ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa  ̈± ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Áð

ÔÍÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Áð

ÔÈÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÔ

ÔËÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÔ

fiÚ —æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­Ù ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­Ù ø2o ¤øÆ2ao ×2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÔ

ÔÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 ±o o ́2o­  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÔ

ÓÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ ±2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÓ

ø ̃ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa oaøo¥·2a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÓ

æ ̃ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÓ

1⁄2 ̃ ×2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­  ̄Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈­ ̃ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÓ

o ̃ ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÏ

ÌÚ ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÏ

ø ̃ ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÏ

æ ̃ Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÎ

1⁄2 ̃ ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÎ

›Ú ⁄ ́2o·21 Œa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa Û ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÎ

ÔÚ –Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æ·21 o ́2o­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÎ

ÓÚ ¤®°a2o·21 Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao o ́2o­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ËÍ

‹Ú —21±·21 ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÍ

¤Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÍ

ÔÚ œ ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß oø ̈ø  ́°oø ̈a­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÈ

ÓÚ Õa3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÈ

ÌÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁË 

 Ú Õ ̈ø ̈a fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÁ

flÚ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÁ

fiÚ ÃÆø2­oaÆÙ —æ¥·1ø ̈·±2Ù ø2o ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o ⁄ ́2o­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÁÁ

›Ú —21±·21 ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o ‘±ø2 ø2o ‘±ø2 Ÿ ́øÆø2 ̈aa –Æ±1Æø3­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ôðð

‹Ú Õ ̈ø ̈a fl1a21⁄2ß Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ôðð

ÔÚ Õa3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ôðð

ÓÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ Ôðð 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

TM·· ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

 ×Ú Ÿa2aÆø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÓ

flÚ —©2aÆ­ ̧·° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÓ

fiÚ Ã ̧·Æo –øÆ ̈ß fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÓ

›Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÓ

‹Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÌ

ÔÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÌ

ÓÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÌ

ÌÚ ›ø­aÛæßÛ1⁄2ø­a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÌ

ÏÚ ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o o·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÌ

ÎÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÏ

¤Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —°aÆø ̈·±2ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÎ

⁄Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2·oa2 ̈ø¥¥ß Œa2oaÆao ×2±°aÆøæ¥a ±Æ Õ ̈±¥a2 ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÎ

ŸÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ÃÆø2­oaÆÒÕø¥a­ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÍ

ÿÚ —° ̈·±2ø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ fi ́ßÛ± ́ ̈ ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÈ 

×Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ “±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÔðÈ 

fl––¤“‹×›¤Õ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ ø2o ‘ø ̈aÆ ⁄ ́2o­ æß Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ›ø ̈a1±Æß

fl––¤“‹×» fl ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚflÛÔ 

flÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚõõÚ flÛÔ 

fiÚ ”ø¶±Æ ”·¥a­ ̈±2a­ o±Æ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±3°¥a ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚõõÚflÛÁ 

›Ú fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚõÚÚõÚflÛÁ 

ÔÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ flÛÔð

ÓÚ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ flÛÔð 

ÌÚ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚflÛÔÓ

‹Ú Õ1⁄2Æø° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚ flÛÔÏ 

¤Ú –±­ ̈Û×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõÚflÛÔÈ 

⁄Ú Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõÚÚÚ flÛÔÁ 

ŸÚ fl22 ́ø¥ Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõõflÛÔÁ 

fl––¤“‹×» fi ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ø2o Œø·¥ «øÆo­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ fiÛÔ 

flÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚõõÚ fiÛÔ 

fiÚ ”ø¶±Æ ”·¥a­ ̈±2a­ o±Æ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±3°¥a ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõÚõõõÚfiÛÍ 

›Ú fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚfiÛÍ 

ÔÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõfiÛÍ 

ÓÚ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõfiÛÍ 

ÌÚ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõÚÚfiÛË 

‹Ú Õ1⁄2Æø° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõ fiÛÔð 

¤Ú fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa  ̈± Õ1⁄2Æø°°·21õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõÚÚfiÛÔð 

⁄Ú –±­ ̈Û×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõõÚfiÛÔÔ 

ŸÚ Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõõfiÛÔÔ 

ÿÚ fl22 ́ø¥ Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõõfiÛÔÓ 

ÔÚ fl22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 o±Æ ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧aÆ ø2o ¥·2aÛ ̧ø ́¥ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­õõõõõÚõõÚÚ fiÛÔÓ 

ÓÚ fl22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 o±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ­ß­ ̈a3õÚ fiÛÔÓ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

TM··· ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

fl––¤“‹×» › Õ ̧·°­ ø ̈ fiaÆ ̈ ̧õõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ›ÛÔ 

flÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚ ›ÛÔ 

fiÚ ”ø¶±Æ ”·¥a­ ̈±2a­ o±Æ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±3°¥a ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ ›ÛÎ 

›Ú fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõ ›ÛÎ 

ÔÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚÚ ›ÛÎ 

ÓÚ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚÚ ›ÛÎ 

ÌÚ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõÚ ›ÛÎ 

‹Ú –±­ ̈Û×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ ›ÛË 

¤Ú Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõ›ÛË 

⁄Ú Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ ›ÛË 

ÔÚ fl22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 o±Æ ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ  ̄1Æ·oÛ ø2o 2±2Û1Æ·oÛæø­ao °±©aÆ ̃õÚõÚÚÚÚ›ÛË 

ÓÚ fl22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 o±Æ ­ ̧·° a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ­ß­ ̈a3õõõÚÚõÚ›ÛÁ 

fl––¤“‹×» ‹ ›±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥ ÿøÆæ±Æ ›Æøo ̈õõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ‹ÛÔ 

flÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚ ‹ÛÔ 

fiÚ ”ø¶±Æ ”·¥a­ ̈±2a­ o±Æ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±3°¥a ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚ‹ÛÌ 

›Ú fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõ ‹ÛÌ 

ÔÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõ‹ÛÏ 

ÓÚ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõÚÚõõõõõõõÚ ‹ÛÏ 

ÌÚ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõÚÚõõõõõõõõÚ ‹ÛÎ 

‹Ú Õ1⁄2Æø° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚÚÚ ‹ÛÍ 

¤Ú –±­ ̈Û×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ ‹ÛË 

⁄Ú Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõ‹ÛË 

ŸÚ Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ ‹ÛÁ 

fl––¤“‹×» ¤ ›øÆ1± ÿø2o¥·21 ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈õõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ¤ÛÔ 

flÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚõÚ ¤ÛÔ 

fiÚ ”ø¶±Æ ”·¥a­ ̈±2a­ o±Æ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±3°¥a ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ ¤ÛÌ 

›Ú fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚÚÚ¤ÛÌ 

ÔÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõ¤ÛÌ 

ÓÚ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõ¤ÛÌ 

ÌÚ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõÚ ¤ÛÏ 

‹Ú Õ1⁄2Æø°°ø1aõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ ¤ÛÎ 

¤Ú –±­ ̈Û×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ ¤ÛÈ 

⁄Ú Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõ ¤ÛÈ 

ŸÚ Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ ¤ÛÈ 

fl––¤“‹×» ⁄ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË ⁄ ́2oflÚ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ÕaÆTM·21 –±Æ ̈­ ø2o ×2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Œø·¥ «øÆo­õõõõõõõõõõõõõÚ⁄ÛÔ 

fiÚ — ̈ ̧aÆ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚõõÚÚõÚ⁄ÛÏ 

›Ú ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõõõõÚÚ ⁄ÛÔð 

‹Ú Õ ̧±Æa –±©aÆõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚõõÚõõÚ ⁄ÛÔÓ 

¤Ú ›±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥ ÿøÆæ±Æ ›Æøo ̈õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõõõÚÚÚÚ⁄ÛÔÏ 

⁄Ú ›øÆ1± ÿø2o¥·21 ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈õõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõõõÚ⁄ÛÔÍ 

ŸÚ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ Õ ̈±°Ò‹·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 ›a2 ̈aÆ ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2õõõõõõõõõõõÚÚõõÚÚ ⁄ÛÔÈ 

fl––¤“‹×» Ÿ ÃÆøoa ›±ÆÆ·o±Æ ”ø°­õõõõõõõõõõõõõõÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚŸÛÔ 

fl––¤“‹×» ÿ ¤øÆ¥ß ŸÆø2 ̈­ oÆ±3 ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË ⁄ ́2o­õÚÚõõõõõõõõõÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ÿÛÔ
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© Ô ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© 

flÚ ×2 ̈Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈·±2

¤3·­­·±2­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a o·a­a¥ a21·2a­ ·2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ù ­ ̧·°­Ù  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù ø2o 1⁄2øÆ1± 

 ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù Æa1·±2ø¥Ù ø2o 1¥±æø¥ ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a o·a­a¥ 

°±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ 1Æaø ̈¥ß ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ±o 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 

Æa­·oa2 ̈­ 2aøÆ °±Æ ̈­Ù Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ù o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­Ù ø2o Æ±øo­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̧·1 ̧  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈Æøoo·1⁄2Ú 

‹·a­a¥ a3·­­·±2­ øÆa ø¥­± ø 3ø¶±Æ 1⁄2ø ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̧·1 ̧ Æa1·±2ø¥ ±¶±2a ø2o o·2a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a 

¥aTMa¥­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øÆ3 3·¥¥·±2­ ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø2­  ̈±oøßÚ 

Ÿ±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈± ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øé­ ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­Ú Ã ̧a ‘±­ 

fl21a¥a­Ò×2¥ø2o ¤3°·Æa Æa1·±2  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a ¥øÆ1a­ ̈ 1⁄2±21⁄2a2 ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ °±Æ ̈­ ø2o Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ ̃Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̧·1 ̧ 2aøÆÛ­± ́Æ1⁄2a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ­ ø2o  ̧·1 ̧ ¥aTMa¥­ ±o 

Æa1·±2ø¥ ±¶±2a ø2o o·2a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a  ̄–”ÓÚÎ ̃ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2Ú ×2  ̈ ̧a ›a2 ̈Æø¥ ø¥¥aßÙ  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·aøÆa ¥a­­ 1⁄2±21⁄2a2 ̈Æø ̈aoÙ æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ Æa¥ø ̈·TMa¥ß 3±Æa  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o Æø·¥  ̈Æøoo·1⁄2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Æa1·±2é­  ̧øÆ3o ́¥ ±¶±2a ø2o –”ÓÚÎ ¥aTMa¥­Ú ×2  ̈ ̧a fiøß flÆaøÙ Æa1·±2ø¥ 

±¶±2a ø2o –”ÓÚÎ ¥aTMa¥­ øÆa 3 ́1⁄2 ̧ ¥±©aÆÙ æ ́ ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ °±Æ ̈Ù ø2o Æø·¥ ßøÆo ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß øo¶ø1⁄2a2 ̈ 

 ̈± 2a·1 ̧æ±Æ ̧±±o­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a­  ̈±  ̧·1 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥·¶ao  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ­Ú ×2  ̈ ̧a Õø2 ‹·a1±Òfi±ÆoaÆ 

Æa1·±2Ù  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °±Æ ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈± Æa1·±2ø¥ ±¶±2a ø2o –”ÓÚÎ 

°±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 øæ±TMa  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø  ̄Õ ̈ø ̈a ̃ ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­Ú 

–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 Ôfi ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́Æa  ̈± ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a  ̧Ô æ·¥¥·±2 ·2 æ±2o o ́2o·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

fl·Æ Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ fi±øÆo  ̄flŒfi ±Æ fi±øÆo ̃  ̈± Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ß Æao ́1⁄2a ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 a3·­­·±2­ ø2o 

 ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ­ oÆ±3 oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ø¥±21 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øé­ °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú Ã ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a 

⁄·­1⁄2ø¥ «aøÆ  ̄⁄« ̃ ÓððÈÛðË æ ́o1a ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ¥a1·­¥ø ̈·±2Ù TM·ø Õa2ø ̈a fi·¥¥ ËË 

 ̄Õfi ËË ̃  ̄› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔËÔÙ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o ÓððÈ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈ao  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 

Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 ̃Ú fl­­a3æ¥ß fi·¥¥ ÓðÔ  ̄flfi ÓðÔ ̃  ̄› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔËÈÙ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ 

±o ÓððÈ ̃ ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ø 3·2±Æ 1⁄2¥øÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a­a æ·¥¥­ øÆa 1⁄2±o·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ ø2o 

Õøoa ̈ß ›±oaÙ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÌÁÍÓÎ a ̈ ­aØÚ Õfi ËË ÆaØ ́·Æao flŒfi  ̈± øo±° ̈ Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa 

 ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa­  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈·TMa­Ú 

Ã ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ao flŒfi  ̈± 3ø®·3·¶a  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 æa2ao· ̈­ 

ø2o ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a aøÆ¥·a­ ̈ °±­­·æ¥a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­  ̧aøTM·¥ß ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ao 

æß 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ́°°¥a3a2 ̈­ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa­  ̈± 1⁄2 ́ ̈ o·a­a¥ a3·­­·±2­Ú fiß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 1⁄2ø2 ±2¥ß o ́2o a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ç2± ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Úå ’aß °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ·21⁄2¥ ́oa o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a 3ø ̈ ̈aÆ  ̄o·a­a¥ –” ̃Ù ø2 ø·Æ  ̈±®·1⁄2Ù ø2o 2· ̈Æ±1a2 ±®·oa­ 

 ̄“—® ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±o æ± ̈ ̧ –”ÓÚÎ ø2o ±¶±2aÚ Ã ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o ́2oao 

 ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ø¥­± °Æ±TM·oa 1⁄2±Ûæa2ao· ̈­ æß Æao ́1⁄2·21 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­a­ ø2o æ¥ø1⁄2μ 

1⁄2øÆæ±2 a3·­­·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈± 1⁄2¥·3ø ̈a 1⁄2 ̧ø21aÚ

Ã ̧a ⁄«ÓððÈÛðËÙ ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁÙ ø2o ⁄«ÓððÁÛÔð Õ ̈ø ̈a æ ́o1a ̈­ aø1⁄2 ̧ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈ao 

·2­ ̈ø¥¥3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̧ÓÎð 3·¥¥·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú ... ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a æ ́o1a ̈ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈ao ́2o·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ù flŒfi 3 ́­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa 1⁄2ø­ ̧ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ­ø¥a ±o æ±2o­ ±Æ ø ¥±ø2 oÆ±3 

 ̈ ̧a –±±¥ao ”±2aß ×2TMa­ ̈3a2 ̈ fi±øÆo  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈­ ±Æ ¥±ø2 °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© Ó ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

flŒfi ø©øÆo­ 1Æø2 ̈­  ̈± o ́2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ °Æ±°±­ao æß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ·2TM±¥TMao ·2 

oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ±Æ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­Ú ¤®ø3°¥a­ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ø2o ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß 

3ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­  ̄ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­ ̃Ù °±Æ ̈­Ù ø2o Æa1·±2ø¥  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2 ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ øÆa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ °Æ±TM·o·21 o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa­  ̈± 

±©2aÆ­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́­ao ·2 oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±TMa3a2 ̈  ̈±  ́°1Æøoa  ̈± 1⁄2¥aø2aÆ  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1·a­Ù 

1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ øo±° ̈ao æß flŒfiÚ fi±2o o ́2o­ o¥±© TM·ø 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ 

oÆ±3 flŒfi  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù  ̈ ̧a2  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ TM·ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ æ·2o·21 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧±­a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ú fl ̈ æ± ̈ ̧ ­ ̈a°­Ù  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·±2 æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ ·2TMa­ ̈ao  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a 

3±­ ̈ æa2ao·1⁄2·ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa o ́2oaoÚ flŒfi 3øß ø¥­± ø©øÆo o ́2o­  ̈± ø2ß Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 

 ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 flŒfi · ̈­a¥o ̃ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ø ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3 

TM·ø ø2 ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo oaTMa¥±°ao  ̈ ̧a­a –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 

–Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̄Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ̃ ·2 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧ ­ ̈øμa ̧±¥oaÆ­Ù 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21Ê ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­Ù 3a ̈Æ±°±¥· ̈ø2 °¥ø22·21 ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­Ù °±Æ ̈ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈·a­Ù ­ ̧·°°·21 

¥·2a­Ù Æø·¥Æ±øo 1⁄2±3°ø2·a­Ù  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ·21 1⁄2±3°ø2·a­Ù  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ ±©2aÆ­Ù oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈±Æ­Ù 

 ̈aÆ3·2ø¥ ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ °±Æ ̈ 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß øoTM·­±Æß 1Æ± ́°­Ù 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 1Æ± ́°­Ù 

ø2o ø·Æ°±Æ ̈­Ú Ã ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ øÆa oa­·12ao  ̈± o ́2o Ø ́ø¥·oß·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a 

a3·­­·±2­ ø2o  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ­Ù ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈a ­·3°¥·1⁄2· ̈ß ø2o aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ßÙ a2­ ́Æa 1⁄2±­ ̈Û

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­Ù ¥aTMaÆø1a ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ù ø2o °Æ±TM·oa  ̈Æø2­°øÆa21⁄2ß ø2o 

ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ 

... ̧a2  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo øo±° ̈ao  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ±2 ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓËÙ ÓððËÙ  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ao 

flŒfi  ̈± Æaø­­a­­  ̈ ̧±­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o æÆ·21 ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo o±¥¥±©·21 

aø1⁄2 ̧ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 ±o o ́2o·21Ú Ã ̧·­ ·­  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈  ́°oø ̈aÚ Ã ̧·­ °Æ±°±­ao  ́°oø ̈a 

·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈a­ ·2 ̈aÆ·3 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­ 3øoa TM·ø fi±øÆo Œa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2Ù ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ­Ù ø2o ­ ̈øoo 

1⁄2¥øÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­Ú × ̈ ø¥­± ÆaTM·­a­  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ ø2o ¥ø ̈aÆ ßaøÆ o ́2o­Ú Ã ̧a  ́°oø ̈ao ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ©·¥¥ 

­ ́°aÆ­aoa  ̈ ̧a ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓËÙ ÓððË Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥·3· ̈ao °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao 

o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××ÚflÚÓÚ ̃Ú 

fiÚ fl ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß

Ã ̧a ¥a1ø¥ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ·­ o± ́2o ·2  ̈ ̧a ÿ·1 ̧©øß Õøoa ̈ßÙ ÃÆøoo·1⁄2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù 

fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ßÙ ø2o –±Æ ̈ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß fi±2o fl1⁄2 ̈ ±o ÓððÍÙ ø¥­± μ2±©2 ø­ –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÙ ° ́Æ­ ́ø2 ̈ 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ o·­1⁄2 ́­­ao æa¥±©Ú Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æ Õ1⁄2 ̧©øÆ¶a2a11aÆ °Æ±TM·oao 

øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± flŒfi ·2  ̧·­ ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈ ±2 æ±2o ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ø2o 

 ̧·­ ­·12·21 ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a ÓððÈÛðË æ ́o1a ̈ æ·¥¥ ä Õa2ø ̈a fi·¥¥ ÈÈ  ̄› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÈÔÙ 

Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o ÓððÈ ̃  ̄Õfi ÈÈ ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© Ì ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

ÔÚ –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 Ôfi 

×2 “±TMa3æaÆ ÓððÍÙ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø TM± ̈aÆ­ ø°°Æ±TMao –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ø3±21 ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

 ̈ ̧·21­Ù ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̧Ô æ·¥¥·±2 o±¥¥øÆ­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a a3·­­·±2­ oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ·2 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·øé­  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú 

ç—2a æ·¥¥·±2 o±¥¥øÆ­  ̄ ̧ÔÙðððÙðððÙððð ̃ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 3øoa øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ  ́°±2 ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 

æß  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́Æa ø2o ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·ø 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2ao ·2 ø 

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a a2ø1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́ÆaÙ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a fl·Æ Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ fi±øÆo o±Æ a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù 2± ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Ù oÆ±3 ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­ Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ±o oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ ø¥±21 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ̆­  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú ⁄ ́2o­ 3øoa øTMø·¥øæ¥a 

æß  ̈ ̧·­ °øÆø1Æø° ̧ øÆa ·2 ̈a2oao  ̈± ­ ́°°¥a3a2 ̈ a®·­ ̈·21 o ́2o­  ́­ao  ̈± o·2ø21⁄2a 

­ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­ ø2o ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 æa2ao· ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a a3·­­·±2­ ø2o ·3°Æ±TMa ø·Æ 

Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ·2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 1⁄2±33a21⁄2·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈a ̆­ ø·Æ°±Æ ̈­Ù ­aø°±Æ ̈­Ù ø2o ¥ø2o 

°±Æ ̈­ ±o a2 ̈ÆßÚå  ̄Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ›±oaÙ Ã· ̈¥a ÓÙ ‹·TM·­·±2 ÔÙ Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÙ › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÓÚÏÁÙ 

flÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a ÓÙ Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ËËÈÁÚÓÌ ̄1⁄2 ̃ ̄Ó ̃ ̃Ú 

ÓÚ Õa2ø ̈a fi·¥¥ ËË ø2o fl­­a3æ¥ß fi·¥¥ ÓðÔ 

×2 fl ́1 ́­ ̈ ÓððÈÙ  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́Æa °ø­­ao ø2o Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æ Õ1⁄2 ̧©øÆ¶a2a11aÆ 

­·12ao Õfi ËË ø2o flfi ÓðÔÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ¥a1·­¥ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

·2 ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ ø2o Õøoa ̈ß  ̄ÿ ̇Õ ̃ ›±oaÙ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄y ̃ ÌÁÍÓÎ a ̈ ­aØÚ Õfi ËË æÆ±øo¥ß ÆaØ ́·ÆaflŒfi  ̈± øo±° ̈ Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·ø ø2o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Ù ø2o °Æ±TM·oa 

°aÆ·±o·1⁄2 Æa°±Æ ̈­Ú 

À2oaÆ Õfi ËËÙ flŒfi 3 ́­ ̈ øo±° ̈ Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i fl2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­Ù ø2o ø2ß ¥·3· ̈­ ±2 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ́­ao ́¥ ¥·oa ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

oa¥·TMaÆß 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

i ›Æ· ̈aÆ·ø o±Æ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ú 

i Ã ̧a 3a ̈ ̧±o æß © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ flŒfi ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ø2 ø·Æ æø­·2é­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ·2 ø1⁄2 ̧·aTM·21 Õ ̈ø ̈a ø2o 

oaoaÆø¥ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·oa2 ̈·oß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ø2o Æa3ao·a­ o±Æ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Ú 

i fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ø2o ø ́o· ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ ø ́o· ̈­ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ ø2o ± ́ ̈1⁄2±3a­Ú 

Õfi ËË ø2o flfi ÓðÔ oa ̈ø·¥ 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ÔÎ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ flŒfi ·­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ © ̧a2 

ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·21 o ́2o­ ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Õ±3a ±o  ̈ ̧a­a 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·ø øÆa 3±­ ̈ 

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß ø°°¥·ao æß  ̈øÆ1a ̈·21 ¥aTMa¥­ ±o o ́2o·21  ̈±  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ø2o a3·­­·±2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ù © ̧·¥a ± ̈ ̧aÆ­ ¥a2o  ̈ ̧a3­a¥TMa­  ̈± ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·21 ø3±21 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a ­ ̈a°­ flŒfi  ̈øμa­  ̈± ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈a o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© Ï ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

i ×oa2 ̈·oß·21 o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ±TMaÆø¥¥ –Æ±1Æø3Ù °¥ ́­ ­a ̈ ̈·21 o ́2o·21 °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ ø2o 

oao·2·21  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μ·21 ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21 ·2 aø1⁄2 ̧ 

ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥aÚ 

i ¤­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ©·¥¥  ́­a  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μ ø2o 

­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21Ú 

Ãøæ¥a­ ×ÚÔ Û ×ÚÌ oa ̈ø·¥  ̈ ̧a­a ­ ̈a°­ ø2o ¥·2μ aø1⁄2 ̧ Æa¥ø ̈ao °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ ø2o Õøoa ̈ß ›±oa Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈± o ́2o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

Õfi ËË ø¥­± a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧a­ æø­·1⁄2 Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ flŒfi ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̄ø¥¥ 

ÆaoaÆa21⁄2a­ øÆa  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÿaø¥ ̈ ̧ ø2o Õøoa ̈ß ›±oa ̃Ê 

i flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ø2 ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́Æa ­ ́33øÆ·¶·21 · ̈­ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·aÆa¥ø ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ±2 ÷ø2 ́øÆß Ôð ÅyÌÁÍÓÈÚÎÃÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ±2 °Æ±1Æa­­ 3øoa  ̈±©øÆo 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÅyÌÁÍÓÎÚðÓ ̄o ̃ ̄Ô ̃ÃÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ø o·2ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ ±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧·2 Í 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æa1⁄2±3·21 ±°aÆøæ¥a ÅyÌÁÍÓÎÚðÓ ̄o ̃ ̄Ó ̃ÃÚ






–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© ÔÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

ÌÚ “a© ¥a1·­¥ø ̈·±2 

fl­­a3æ¥ß fi·¥¥ ËÁÓ  ̄⁄ ́Æ ́ ̈ø2·Ù Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o ÓððÁ ̃ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈± ø©øÆo 

 ́2­°a2 ̈ ±Æ Æa ̈ ́Æ2ao o ́2o­ oÆ±3 °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ß ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß a· ̈ ̧aÆ ø©øÆo  ̈ ̧a­a o ́2o­  ̈± 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ø­ ©ø­  ́­ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ø©øÆo ±Æ 

Æa ̈ ́Æ2  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ Æaø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 

3 ́­ ̈ o·­æ ́Æ­a ø2ß  ́2­°a2 ̈ ±Æ Æa ̈ ́Æ2ao o ́2o­ ±2 ø 2a© 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ï ßaøÆ­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a ø©øÆo ±o  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­ ÆaTMaÆ ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±Æ ̈­ 

×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ßÙ ø2o fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß ×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈ ÿ·1 ̧©øß Õøoa ̈ßÙ ÃÆøoo·1⁄2 

Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß ø2o –±Æ ̈ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß ⁄ ́2o ±o ÓððÍÚ 

fl­­a3æ¥ß fi·¥¥ ÍÈÓ  ̄fiø­­Ù Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o ÓððÁ ̃ ø¥¥±©­ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 

ø°°Æ±TMao –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 Ôfi °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± ø°°¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ ø ç¥a ̈ ̈aÆ 

±o 2± °Æa¶ ́o·1⁄2aå  ̈± ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a o ́ ̈ ́Æa Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈ o±Æ o ́2o­  ̈± æa øoTMø21⁄2ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ø ̈ · ̈­ ±©2 Æ·­μÚ fl¥ ̈ ̧± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥a1·­¥ø ̈·±2 ·­ °Æ·3øÆ·¥ß o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ao ø ̈  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o ́2oao æß –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÙ · ̈ ø¥­± ø°°¥·a­  ̈± ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

1⁄2±TMaÆao æß ø ¥a ̈ ̈aÆ ±o 2± °Æa¶ ́o·1⁄2a ©± ́¥o 2± ̈ 1ø·2 ø2 øoTMø2 ̈ø1a ±Æ  ̧·1 ̧aÆ °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß o±Æ 

o ́2o·21Ú Ã ̧a flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ ±Æ  ̧·­ ±Æ  ̧aÆ oa­·12aa  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± ­°a1⁄2·oß 

 ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø2o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ø°°Æ±TMø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ ¥a ̈ ̈aÆ­ ±o 2± °Æa¶ ́o·1⁄2aÚ 

ÏÚ Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æ Õ1⁄2 ̧©øÆ¶a2a11aÆé­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·TMa­ 

×2 ÷ø2 ́øÆß ÓððÈÙ Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æ Õ1⁄2 ̧©øÆ¶a2a11aÆ ·­­ ́ao ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈ 

 ̧·1 ̧¥·1 ̧ ̈·21  ̈ ̧a ·3°±Æ ̈ø21⁄2a ±o  ̈Æø2­°øÆa21⁄2ß ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ·2 øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21  ̈ ̧a ±TMaÆ 

 ̧Ïð æ·¥¥·±2 ·2 æ±2o o ́2o·21 ø°°Æ±TMao æß ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø TM± ̈aÆ­ ·2 ÓððÍÚ Ã ̧a ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ 

o·Æa1⁄2 ̈­ ø¥¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ a2 ̈· ̈·a­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ a®°a2o·21 æ±2o °Æ±1⁄2aao­  ̈± 

a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ ø  ̈ ̧ÆaaÛ°øÆ ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ê 

i ⁄Æ±2 ̈Ûa2o ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ oao·2a­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·ø o±Æ a®°a2o·21 æ±2o o ́2o­ ø­ ©a¥¥ 

ø­  ̈ ̧a ± ́ ̈1⁄2±3a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­ øÆa ·2 ̈a2oao  ̈± ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMaÚ 

i ×2Û°Æ±1Æa­­ ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa ­ ̈øß·21 

©· ̈ ̧·2 ­1⁄2±°a ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ù ø2o ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o 

⁄·2ø21⁄2a  ̄‹—⁄ ̃Ú 

i ⁄±¥¥±©Û ́° ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ø ́o· ̈­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMao  ̈ ̧a 

·2 ̈a2oao ± ́ ̈1⁄2±3a­ ø2o ©aÆa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ¥a1ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

flŒfi ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ø2o ‹—⁄ ø°°Æ±TMao  ̈ ̧a  ̈ ̧ÆaaÛ°øÆ ̈ ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3  ̄æø­ao ±2 

 ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ̃ ·2 ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓððËÚ Ã ̧a ø°°Æ±TMao ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa ·­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a ±2  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

Ã ̧a Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æé­ ­·12·21 3a­­ø1a ±2  ̈ ̧a ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË æ ́o1a ̈ TM·ø Õfi ÈÈ ø¥­±Ê 

i ›ø¥¥ao ±2 flŒfi  ̈± 3±TMa Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ßâ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ­ø1⁄2Æ·o·1⁄2·21 ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßâ ̈± °Æ±TM·oa Æa¥·ao 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ © ̧± Æa­·oa ø¥±21 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øé­ æ ́­ß  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú 

i ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈ao flŒfi  ̈± a2­ ́Æa o ́2o·21 ·­ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß 

­øoa1 ́øÆo­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© ÔÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

i › ̧øÆ1ao flŒfi  ̈± oaTMa¥±° Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øμa ­a2­aÙ Æao ́1⁄2a æ ́Æaø ́1⁄2Æø ̈·1⁄2 Æao  ̈ø°aÙ 

­·3°¥·oß ø2o a®°ao· ̈a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø©øÆo °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Ù ø2o a2­ ́Æa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

øÆa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ·2 Æa1⁄2±Æo  ̈·3aÚ 

i ›ø¥¥ao ±2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈± ©±Æμ 1⁄2¥±­a¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi  ̈± æa °Æa°øÆao  ̈± ­ ́æ3· ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ o ́2o·21 ø­ ­±±2 ø­ °±­­·æ¥aÚ 

›Ú ‹ao·2· ̈·±2­

Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 oao·2· ̈·±2­ ø°°¥ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

Ãøæ¥a ×ÚÏ ‹ao·2· ̈·±2­ 

ÃaÆ3 ‹ao·2· ̈·±2 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa 

fl1a21⁄2ß 

çflo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ø1a21⁄2ßå  ̄ ̧a21⁄2ao±Æ ̈ ̧ flŒfi ±Æ fi±øÆo ̃ ·­ oao·2ao æß Õfi ËË  ̈± æa  ̈ ̧a 

fl·Æ Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ fi±øÆo ø­  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ °Æ±1Æø33·21 –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o­Ú 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

⁄ ́2oçflo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­å øÆa oao·2ao ø­  ̈ ̧a 3±2·a­  ́°  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥·3· ̈­ oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈± 1⁄2±TMaÆ a®°a2­a­ ·21⁄2 ́ÆÆao o±Æ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 æß 

flŒfi ±Æ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ °øÆ ̈ß  ̈± ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

fl¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 çfl¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2å ·­ oao·2ao ø­  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ø©øÆo 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·aø­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ao ·2 ø fi±øÆo Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2Ú 

fl°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ çfl°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈å ·­ oao·2ao æß Õfi ËË  ̈± 3aø2 ø ç¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß ·2TM±¥TMao ·2  ̈ ̧a 

3±TMa3a2 ̈ ±o oÆa·1 ̧ ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈a ±Æ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2 ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß 

·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈Ú ⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 

øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ø ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3 ±2¥ßÙ ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 3øß æa ø2ß 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 flŒfiÚå Ã ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ 1⁄2¥øÆ·oß  ̧±© flŒfi ©·¥¥ ø­­a­­ ø 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßé­ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ø­ ø –Æ±1Æø3 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈Ú 

fl°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 çfl°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2å 3aø2­ ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ø ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́Æa ·2  ̈ ̧a ø22 ́ø¥ fi ́o1a ̈ 

fl1⁄2 ̈  ̈± 3øμa o ́2o­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±Æ ̈­ ×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ßÙ 

ø2o fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß ×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈ ÿ·1 ̧©øß Õøoa ̈ßÙ ÃÆøoo·1⁄2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù fl·Æ 

œ ́ø¥· ̈ß ø2o –±Æ ̈ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ß ⁄ ́2o ±o ÓððÍ  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 

 ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú

flŒfi ±Æ fi±øÆo çflŒfiå ±Æ çfi±øÆoå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø fl·Æ Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ fi±øÆoÚ Ã ̧a  ̈aÆ3 çfi±øÆoå 

·­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß  ́­ao  ̈± ÆaoaÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1±TMaÆ2·21 æ±øÆo ±o  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o ·­  ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ß 

ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ o±Æ3ø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈± øo±° ̈ Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21Ú 

fl ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß 

Œa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa 

çfl ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMaå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ ̄­ ̃ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̈± ­·12 ±Æ ø1⁄2 ̈ ±2 æa ̧ø¥o ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ç›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ  ̄fl¥­± ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­ ø2 ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ̃ 

›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ÃaÆ3 ç›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ÃaÆ3å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3æ·2ao  ̈·3a °aÆ·±o o±ÆÊ 

Ô ̃ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Â ø2o 

Ó ̃ Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÚ 

 ̄fl¥­± ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­ ø2 ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ÃaÆ3 ̃ 

›±­ ̈Û

¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ 

ç›±­ ̈Û¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈Û©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÙ °aÆ o±¥¥øÆ ±o Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 ·2TMa­ ̈aoÙ a®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o­ 

­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß a®1⁄2¥ ́oao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

‹øß­ ç‹øß­å 3aø2­ 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­Ù  ́2¥a­­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a 2± ̈aoÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© ÔÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

Ãøæ¥a ×ÚÏ ‹ao·2· ̈·±2­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃ 

ÃaÆ3 ‹ao·2· ̈·±2 

‹·a­a¥ 

–øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a 

”ø ̈ ̈aÆ 

 ̄o·a­a¥ –” ̃ 

ç‹·a­a¥ –øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a ”ø ̈ ̈aÆ  ̄‹·a­a¥ –” ̃ ̨ 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a­ o± ́2o ·2  ̈ ̧a a® ̧ø ́­ ̈ 

±o o·a­a¥ a21·2a­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß ø11¥±3aÆø ̈a ø2o øo­±Ææ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ­°a1⁄2·a­  ̈± o±Æ3 

­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa­ ±o 1⁄2±3°¥a® ° ̧ß­·1⁄2ø¥ ø2o 1⁄2 ̧a3·1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±°aÆ ̈·a­Ú ‹·a­a¥ –” ·­ ø ­ ́æ­a ̈ 

±o o·2a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a 3ø ̈ ̈aÆ ÓÚÎ 3·1⁄2Æ±2­ ±Æ ¥a­­ ·2 o·ø3a ̈aÆ  ̄–”ÓÚÎ ̃Ú 

¤øÆ2ao ×2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ç¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈å 3aø2­ ø1⁄21⁄2Æ ́ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ oÆ±3 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ æa·21  ̧a¥o æß  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·2 ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ÛæaøÆ·21 ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈­Ú 

¤¥ø°­ao 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ‘·oa 

ç¤¥ø°­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a a¥ø°­ao ­·21⁄2a °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o 

 ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

—©2aÆ 

ç¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ¥a1ø¥ ±©2aÆ ±o –Æ±1Æø3Ûa¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

ø2o °Æ±1Æø3 o ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o±Æ 1Æ·oÛæø­ao ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈aÆ3 çaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆå ­ ̧ø¥¥ a21⁄2±3°ø­­ ø2ß °øÆ ̈ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± 1⁄2±Ûo ́2oÙ 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈Ù ø2o ±°aÆø ̈a ·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈­ Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 ·2 °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o 1Æ·oÛæø­ao ­ ̧±Æa 

°±©aÆÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ æa ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °±Æ ̈Ù ø 3øÆ·2a  ̈aÆ3·2ø¥ 

±°aÆø ̈±ÆÙ ø2o ­ ̧·°°·21 1⁄2±3°ø2·a­Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ç¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈å 3aø2­ ø2  ́°1Æøoa ±o a®·­ ̈·21 o·a­a¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ TM·ø Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈Ù 

Æa°±©aÆÙ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa ±Æ ø2 a3·­­·±2­ 

1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ­ß­ ̈a3Ù ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú ¤ø1⁄2 ̧ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMaÙ Æø·¥ ßøÆoÙ °·a1⁄2a ±o 1⁄2øÆ1± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù ­ ̧·° æaÆ ̈ ̧Ù 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±° ±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ °Æ±°±­ao o±Æ  ́°1Æøoa ·­ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ø ­a°øÆø ̈a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa 

ç¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMaå 3aø2­ ±2a ±Æ 3±Æa 1⁄2 ̧±·1⁄2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥ ·2 · ̈­ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

›±3°¥a ̈·±2 

ç¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß oa ̈aÆ3·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ øÆa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2 ±o ±21±·21 

3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2aÙ ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ù ø2o ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 2a© ±Æ 

 ́°1Æøoao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú ⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧·­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­  ̈ ̧a ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 ±o 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ø2o ­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1aÙ ·o ÆaØ ́·Æao ̃Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±­ ̈ 

ç¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø2o 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21Ù æ ́ ̈ a®1⁄2¥ ́o·21 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ‘·oa 

ç¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaå o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a 

¥a21 ̈ ̧ ±o  ̈·3a ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·­ ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao  ̄ ́2oaÆ ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ̃  ̈± 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø2o ±°aÆø ̈a  ̈ ̧a æ±2oÛo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —° ̈·±2

ç¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 3a1⁄2 ̧ø2·­3  ̈± Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ø o·a­a¥ a21·2aÙ ±Æ °Æ±TM·oa ø2 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa °±©aÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a 

a3·­­·±2­ ±o o·a­a¥ –” ø2oÒ±Æ “—®Ú fl ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ øÆa 

aø1⁄2 ̧ o·­ ̈·21⁄2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ø­ oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ̃Ú 

¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ç¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æaå 3aø2­ °øß3a2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú çflŒfi a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æaå 3aø2­ 

flŒfié­ °øß3a2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ±Æ ø 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±ÆÂ ±Æ  ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧±­a o ́2o­ o±Æ ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú ç‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æaå 3aø2­ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ °øß3a2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆ ±Æ ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±ÆÂ ±Æ  ́­a ±o  ̈ ̧±­a o ́2o­ o±Æ ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© ÔÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

Ãøæ¥a ×ÚÏ ‹ao·2· ̈·±2­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃ 

ÃaÆ3 ‹ao·2· ̈·±2 

⁄¥aa ̈ ­·¶a ç⁄¥aa ̈ ­·¶aå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o o·a­a¥Ûo ́a¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­  ̈ÆøTMa¥·21 ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

øÆa Æa1·­ ̈aÆao  ̈± æa oÆ·TMa2 ±2 ° ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̧·1 ̧©øß­ ø2o  ̧øTMa ø 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ 1Æ±­­ 

TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21 ±o ÔÏÙððÔ °± ́2o­ ±Æ 1Æaø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa  ́2oaÆ 1⁄2±33±2 

±©2aÆ­ ̧·° ±Æ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ Åø­ oao·2ao ·2 ››Œ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÓðÓÎ ·2  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ øÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a ÏÚÎÙ 

1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÃ æß ø °aÆ­±2Ù æ ́­·2a­­Ù ±Æ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ

⁄Æa­ ̧¥ß 

”ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æao 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa 

¤21·2a 

ç⁄Æa­ ̧¥ß ”ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æao ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ¤21·2aå 3aø2­Ù ° ́Æ­ ́ø2 ̈  ̈± ›±oa ±o ⁄aoaÆø¥ 

Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ Ã· ̈¥a ÏðÙ –øÆ ̈ ÁÓÚÓÙ ø 2a© ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2a © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̧ø­ 2± ̈ æaa2 

Æa3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaoÚ 

⁄ ́2o·21 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

ç⁄ ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æßå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ±Æ 1⁄2±3æ·2ø ̈·±2 ±o ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ o±Æ ° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧·21 o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ ø2o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·±2 æa ̈©aa2 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ ø2o 1⁄2øÆ1± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ øÆa 1⁄2±3æ·2ao ·2 ̈± ø ­·21¥a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ©· ̈ ̧ ø Æa1⁄2±33a2oao 

o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈Ú 

Ÿ±±o­ çŸ±±o­å øÆa oao·2ao ø­  ̧øTM·21  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a 3aø2·21 ·2 ›±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥ ›±oa ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 

ÓÔðÎÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ a­­a2 ̈·ø¥¥ß ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈Ê 

Ô ̃ Ã ̧a 1±±o­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa 3±TMøæ¥aÚ 

Ó ̃ Ã ̧a 1±±o­ æa·21 3±TMao 3 ́­ ̈ æa °øÆ ̈ ±o ø  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2TM±¥TMa­ ø 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ø¥a ±o  ̈ ̧a 1±±o­Ú 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ çŸ ́·oa¥·2a­å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 

–Æ±1Æø3 ä Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±3°ø2ß·21 ⁄·2ø¥ Õ ̈øoo Œa°±Æ ̈ 

øo±° ̈ao ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓËÙ ÓððËÙ ø2o ø2ß ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ ø3a2o3a2 ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧±­a 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ øo±° ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ±Æ a2ø1⁄2 ̈ao TM·ø flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆÚ 

ŸÆø2 ̈ çŸÆø2 ̈å  ̄ø¥­± ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­ ç1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­å ø2o ç1Æø2 ̈ ø©øÆoå ̃ 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o·21 ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao æß flŒfi  ̈± ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ́2oaÆ ø 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈  ̄±Æ 

ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈a 3a1⁄2 ̧ø2·­3 o±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­ ̃Ú 

ŸÆø2 ̈ 

fl1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

çŸÆø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o ø 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

ŸÆø2 ̈ 

fl1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

ÃaÆ3 

çŸÆø2 ̈ fl1Æaa3a2 ̈ ÃaÆ3å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a °aÆ·±o ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ± ́2o  ̈± o ́¥¥ß 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

ŸÆø2 ̈ 

¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa 

ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ 

çŸÆø2 ̈ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ŒaØ ́a­ ̈å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a o±Æ3  ́­ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± 

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ oÆ±3 flŒfiÚ 

×2oa°a2oa2 ̈ 

—©2aÆ —°aÆø ̈±Æ 

ç×2oa°a2oa2 ̈ —©2aÆ —°aÆø ̈±Æå 3aø2­ ø °aÆ­±2 © ̧± æ± ̈ ̧ ±©2­ ø ­·21¥a  ̧aøTMßÛ

o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o °aÆ­±2ø¥¥ß ±°aÆø ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̧ø ́¥ 1±±o­Ú 

×2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß 

fl1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

ç×2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß fl1Æaa3a2 ̈å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi 

ø2o ø Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

‘·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 ç‘·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o ø¥¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·2 ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú çflŒfi ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ 

a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o ø¥¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

ç‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o ø¥¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 

·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

‘±ø2 ±Æ ‘±ø2 

Ÿ ́øÆø2 ̈aa 

–Æ±1Æø3 Û 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 

ç‘±ø2 ±Æ ‘±ø2 Ÿ ́øÆø2 ̈aa –Æ±1Æø3å 3aø2­ ø °Æ±1Æø3 a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß ø Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈± ±æ ̈ø·2 o·2ø21⁄2·21  ̈± Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a 

 ̧aøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© ÔÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

Ãøæ¥a ×ÚÏ ‹ao·2· ̈·±2­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃ 

ÃaÆ3 ‹ao·2· ̈·±2 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß ç‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßå 3aø2­ ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ±Æ Æa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ oÆ±3 

flŒfiÚ ⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ø ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3Ù ø 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß æa 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ 

øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ́2oaÆ ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ·­ ø¥­± 

ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­ ø Æa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈ ø1a21⁄2ß ·2 Õfi ËËÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß 

fi±øÆoÒ 

›±33·­­·±2 

ç‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a °±° ́¥øÆ¥ß a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao ±Æ ø°°±·2 ̈ao 

1±TMaÆ2·21 æ±oß ±o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ç‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÛ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±°±­a­  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ 

ç‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a 3a1⁄2 ̧ø2·­3 ̄­ ̃ ø 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ±2a ±Æ 3±Æa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ú 

⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ø ­·21¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ø °±Æ ̈ 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 

a3°¥±ß  ̈ ̧Æaa 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­  ̈± Æ ́2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±1Æø3­ ä ±2a o±1⁄2 ́­ao ±2 ø 

¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3 o±Æ o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ±2a ±2 ¥aø­·21 2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ 1ø­  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ø2o 

±2a ±2 ±ooaÆ·21 1Æø2 ̈­  ̈±  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆ­ o±Æ ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ±o 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú ¤ø1⁄2 ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a 

3a1⁄2 ̧ø2·­3­ øÆa ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 

¤2 ̈· ̈ß 

fl ç¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßå 3aø2­ ø 1⁄2± ́2 ̈ßÙ 1⁄2· ̈ßÙ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈Ù ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2Æaø ̈ao æß 

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ø2o ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ °±¥· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ­ ́æo·TM·­·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈aÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ 

° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·a­ o± 2± ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ­ ̈ø ̈a­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈Ú 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa 

Œa3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa 

ç‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa Æa3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æaå 3aø2­ ±2a ±Æ 3±Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ù ° ́Æ­ ́ø2 ̈  ̈± 

›±oa ±o ⁄aoaÆø¥ Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ Ã· ̈¥a ÏðÙ –øÆ ̈ ÁÓÚÓ ̄Ô ̃Ê

 ̄· ̃ Ã± Æa°¥ø1⁄2aÙ ±Æ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o Ø ́ø¥·oßÙ aø1⁄2 ̧ ø2o aTMaÆß °±©aÆ ø­­a3æ¥ß ±o ø 

¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2aÙ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ o ́Æ·21 ø ­·21¥a 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a aTMa2 ̈ ±Æ 

1⁄2 ́3 ́¥ø ̈·TMa¥ß ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø o·TMaÛßaøÆ °aÆ·±oÂ 

 ̄·· ̃ Ã±  ́°1Æøoa ø ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2aÂ

 ̄··· ̃ Ã± 1⁄2±2TMaÆ ̈ ø ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2a  ̈± a2øæ¥a · ̈  ̈± ±°aÆø ̈a  ́­·21 ø 

o ́a¥ ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 · ̈ ©ø­ ±Æ·1·2ø¥¥ß 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æao  ̈±  ́­aÂ 

 ̄·TM ̃ Ã± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ ø Æa3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æao a21·2a ±Æ ø oÆa­ ̧¥ß 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æao a21·2a ·2 ̈± ø 

°ÆaTM·± ́­¥ß  ́­ao ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMaÚ 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa 

Œa°±©aÆ 

ç‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa Æa°±©aÆå 3aø2­Ù ° ́Æ­ ́ø2 ̈  ̈± ›±oa ±o ⁄aoaÆø¥ Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ Ã· ̈¥a ÏðÙ 

–øÆ ̈ ÁÓÚÓÙ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a ·2 ø °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ß  ́­ao ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ©· ̈ ̧ ø 

oÆa­ ̧¥ß 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æao ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2aÚ 

”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ⁄ ́2o·21 ç”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a 2±2Û–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ́­ao ·2 1⁄2±2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o­  ̈± o ́¥¥ß o ́2o °Æ±°±­ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a­a 3øß 

·21⁄2¥ ́oa 3±2·a­ oÆ±3 °Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ø2o oaoaÆø¥ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ ø­ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a °Æ±TM·oao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ø2o oaoaÆø¥ ¥ø©Ú 

”·oo¥aÛfl1ao 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 

⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o ø  ̈ ̧ÆaaÛ©øß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ø ç3·oo¥a ø1ao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μå 3aø2­ 

ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø ”«ÔÁÁËÛÓððÍ a21·2aÚ 

”±oa¥ «aøÆ 

 ̄”« ̃ ÓððÈ 

¤3·­­·±2­ 

ç”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2­å o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ øÆa oao·2ao ø­ a3·­­·±2­ ±o ÔÚÓð 1Æø3­ °aÆ æÆøμa 

 ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆÛ ̧± ́Æ  ̄1Òæ ̧°Û ̧Æ ̃ ±Æ ¥a­­ ±o “—®  ̄⁄¤‘ ø2o ›¤ŒÃ TMø¥ ́a­ ̃Ù ø2o ðÚðÔ 

1Òæ ̧°Û ̧Æ ±Æ ¥a­­ ±o –”  ̄›¤ŒÃ TMø¥ ́a ̃Ù ø­ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao æß  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ flŒfi 

¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±Æ ±2ÛÆ±øo  ́­a ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 ·2 ̈a2oao ­aÆTM·1⁄2a ±o ÿaøTMßÛÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß 

‹·a­a¥ o±Æ o·a­a¥ a21·2a­ ±Æ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß — ̈ ̈± o±Æ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o ́a¥ 

TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© ÔÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

Ãøæ¥a ×ÚÏ ‹ao·2· ̈·±2­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃ 

ÃaÆ3 ‹ao·2· ̈·±2 

”±oa¥ «aøÆ 

 ̄”« ̃ ÓðÔð 

¤3·­­·±2­ 

ç”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­å o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ øÆa oao·2ao ø­ ›¤ŒÃ ø2o ⁄¤‘ a3·­­·±2­ ±o 

ðÚÓð 1Òæ ̧°Û ̧Æ ±Æ ¥a­­ ±o “—®  ̄⁄¤‘ ø2o ›¤ŒÃ TMø¥ ́a­ ̃Ù ø2o ðÚðÔ 1Òæ ̧°Û ̧Æ ±Æ ¥a­­ 

±o –”  ̄›¤ŒÃ TMø¥ ́a ̃Ù 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao æß  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±Æ ±2Û

Æ±øo  ́­a ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 ·2 ̈a2oao ­aÆTM·1⁄2a ±o ÿaøTMßÛÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ o±Æ o·a­a¥ a21·2a­ 

±Æ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß — ̈ ̈± o±Æ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o ́a¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ú 

“±2Û

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 

ç“±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈ ±o 2± ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·21 ±2a ±Æ 3±Æa 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈­ ±o 

ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

“± ̈ — ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a 

ŒaØ ́·Æao æß 

‘ø© ±Æ 

Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 

 ̨“± ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ̨ 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ øÆa 

2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æao ° ́Æ­ ́ø2 ̈  ̈± ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ±Æ oaoaÆø¥ ¥ø©Ù Æ ́¥aÙ ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Â ø2ß 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ·3°±­ao æß  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß fl1⁄2 ̈  ̄›¤œfl ̃Â ±Æ 

ø2ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ·3°±­ao æß ø ¥a1ø¥ ·2­ ̈Æ ́3a2 ̈ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ø ¥a1ø¥ ­a ̈ ̈¥a3a2 ̈ ±Æ 

1⁄2±2­a2 ̈ oa1⁄2Æaa  ̄1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­  ̨¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ̨ ̃Ú 

⁄±Æ ° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ±2¥ßÙ  ̨2± ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ̨ 

o±a­ 2± ̈ ø°°¥ß  ̈± ø2ß  ̈øÆ·ooÙ ±Æo·2ø21⁄2aÙ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ ·3°±­ao æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ̆­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß ø­ ø 3øÆμa ̈ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø2 ̈ ±Æ 

3 ́2·1⁄2·°ø¥ °Æ±°Æ·a ̈±Æ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ̆­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± a2 ̈aÆ ·2 ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ø2o ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­Ú 

“± ̈·1⁄2a ±o 

⁄ ́2o·21 

flTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß 

ç“± ̈·1⁄2a ±o ⁄ ́2o·21 flTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̄“—⁄fl ̃å ·­ oao·2ao æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø­ flŒfié­ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 

ø22± ́21⁄2a3a2 ̈  ̈± æa1·2 ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú 

—æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 çflŒfi ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ ø©øÆo ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo  ̈± 

­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù o±¥¥±©ao æß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ ø2 ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßÚ ç‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ çÕ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ¥±ø2 ø2o 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

fi±øÆo øo±° ̈·±2 ±o ø Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ø©øÆo·21 o ́2o­ TM·ø ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2Ù 2ø3ao 1Æø2 ̈ ±Æ 

·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ø ̈·­oß Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈± a21⁄2 ́3æaÆ o ́2o­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ±2a ßaøÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2Ú 

 ̄—æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 ·­ ø¥­± 1⁄2±33±2¥ß ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­ ça21⁄2 ́3æÆø21⁄2aå ̃Ú 

—¥o ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ç—¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μå 3aø2­ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø ”«ÔÁÁÌ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ a21·2a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈ ̧ÆaaÛ©øß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

–Æ±1Æø3 ç–Æ±1Æø3å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ 

ø­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a 2± ̈aoÚ 

–Æ±1Æø3 ⁄ ́2o­ ç–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3æ·2ø ̈·±2 ±o æ± ̈ ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa 

o ́2o­Ú 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fia2ao· ̈­ 

›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ 

ç–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fia2ao· ̈­ ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æå ±Æ ç›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æå 3aø2­ ø2 ø2ø¥ß ̈·1⁄2ø¥ 3a ̈ ̧±o ø2o 

·2° ́ ̈­ °Æ±TM·oao æß flŒfi  ̈± a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Û

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ⁄ ́2o­ ç–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­  ́­ao o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈±  ́°1Æøoa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ä · ̈ o±a­ 

2± ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa o ́2o­  ́­ao æß flŒfiÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­ o±Æ 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

Œa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao 

⁄ ́2oçŒa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao o ́2o­å 3aø2­ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 2a©¥ß a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 ±Æ Æao·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø2ß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ÆaTMaÆ­·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© ÔÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

Ãøæ¥a ×ÚÏ ‹ao·2· ̈·±2­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃ 

ÃaÆ3 ‹ao·2· ̈·±2 

Œa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈ 

fl1a21⁄2ß 

çŒa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈ ø1a21⁄2ßå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa­ 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ́2oaÆ ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ 3a1⁄2 ̧ø2·­3  ̄o±Æ flŒfi ̃Ú 

Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ çŒa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈ ±o Æa°¥ø1⁄2·21  ̧·1 ̧aÆÛa3· ̈ ̈·21 o·a­a¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ̄­ ̃Ù ø 

°·a1⁄2a ±o o·a­a¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ o·a­a¥  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø ¥±©aÆÛa3· ̈ ̈·21 TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ 

°·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ±o ±2a ±Æ  ̈©± ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø 

2a© ±2a ̃Ú 

Œa°±©aÆ çŒa°±©aÆå 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈ ±o Æa°¥ø1⁄2·21 ø  ̧·1 ̧aÆÛa3· ̈ ̈·21 o·a­a¥ a21·2a ©· ̈ ̧ ø 2a© 

±Æ Æa3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaoÙ ¥±©aÆÛa3· ̈ ̈·21 a21·2a ·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ °·a1⁄2a ±o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú 

Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ çŒa ̈Æ±o· ̈å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈ ±o øoo·21 a3·­­·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ 3±o·oß·21 ø2 

a21·2a ±2 ø2 a®·­ ̈·21 o·a­a¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ °·a1⁄2a ±o o·a­a¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ o·a­a¥  ̧øÆæ±Æ 

1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú Ã ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß æa ø2 flŒfi 

 aÆ·o·ao ‹·a­a¥ ¤3·­­·±2 ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1ßÚ 

Õ ̈ø ̈a 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

–¥ø2 

çÕ ̈ø ̈a ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 –¥ø2å ±Æ Õ×– 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß °¥ø2 øo±° ̈ao æß flŒfi 

ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­  ̄ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a­  ̧±© aø1⁄2 ̧ Æa1·±2 ©·¥¥ 

ø ̈ ̈ø·2 ±Æ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 2ø ̈·±2ø¥ ø3æ·a2 ̈ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­Ù ø­ ÆaØ ́·Æao æß  ̈ ̧a 

oaoaÆø¥ ›¥aø2 fl·Æ fl1⁄2 ̈ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÔðÚ 

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

çÕ± ́Æ1⁄2a ›ø ̈a1±Æßå 3aø2­ ø o·­1⁄2Æa ̈a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ±o a3·­­·±2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú fl ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 3øß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

±° ̈·±2­Ú À2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ù ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ù ­ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧Ù 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ø2o 1⁄2±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥ 

 ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú Ã± a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ ø2o °Æ±3± ̈a ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·±2 

æa ̈©aa2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù flŒfi 3øß 1⁄2±3æ·2a 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø 

ço ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚå 

Ã ̧ÆaaÛ©øß 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 

ÃÆø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

çÃ ̧ÆaaÛ©øß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2å 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2 ̈ ±o Æa°¥ø1⁄2·21 ø 3·oo¥aÛø1ao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

©· ̈ ̧ ø 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÂ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥·21 ø Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a 3·oo¥aÛø1ao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o  ́­·21 · ̈  ̈± 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ø2 ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÂ ø2o ­1⁄2Æø°°·21  ̈ ̧a ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÚ 

ÃÆøoa ›±ÆÆ·o±Æ çÃÆøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æå 3aø2­ ø2ß ±2a ±o  ̈ ̧a o± ́Æ o±¥¥±©·21 Æa1·±2­ ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÊ 

fiøß flÆaøÙ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±oÊ 

Õø2 ⁄Æø21⁄2·­1⁄2± fiøß flÆaø fl·Æ fiø­·2  ̄››Œ Ã· ̈¥a ÔÈ yÍðÔðÔ ̃ 

›a2 ̈Æø¥ ø¥¥aßÙ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±oÊ 

Õø2 ÷±øØ ́·2 ø¥¥aß fl·Æ fiø­·2  ̄››Œ Ã· ̈¥a ÔÈ yÍðÔðÈ ̃

Õø1⁄2Æø3a2 ̈± ”a ̈Æ±°±¥· ̈ø2 ⁄aoaÆø¥ —¶±2a “±2ø ̈ ̈ø·23a2 ̈ flÆaø 

 ̄Ïð ›⁄Œ –øÆ ̈ ËÔ yËÔÚÌðÎÙ °ÚÓÌËËÍÛÓÌËËÈÙ fl°Æ ÌðÙ ÓððÏ ̃ 

‘±­ fl21a¥a­Ò×2¥ø2o ¤3°·ÆaÙ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±oÊ 

Õ± ́ ̈ ̧ ›±ø­ ̈ fl·Æ fiø­·2  ̄››Œ Ã· ̈¥a ÔÈ yÍðÔðÏ ̃ 

–±Æ ̈ ÿ ́a2a3a ·2 a2 ̈ ́Æø ›± ́2 ̈ß 

Õø2 ‹·a1±Òfi±ÆoaÆ Œa1·±2Ù 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±oÊ 

Õø2 ‹·a1± ›± ́2 ̈ß  ̄Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ›±oa yÓÌÔÌÈ ̃ 

×3°aÆ·ø¥ ›± ́2 ̈ß  ̄Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ›±oa yÓÌÔÔÌ ̃
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú —TMaÆTM·a© ÔË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

Ãøæ¥a ×ÚÏ ‹ao·2· ̈·±2­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃ 

ÃaÆ3 ‹ao·2· ̈·±2 

 aÆ·o·ao ‹·a­a¥ 

¤3·­­·±2 

›±2 ̈Æ±¥ 

Õ ̈Æø ̈a1ß 

ç aÆ·o·ao ‹·a­a¥ ¤3·­­·±2 ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ Õ ̈Æø ̈a1ß  ̄ ‹¤›Õ ̃å 3aø2­ ø2 a3·­­·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ 

­ ̈Æø ̈a1ßÙ oa­·12ao °Æ·3øÆ·¥ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o o·a­a¥ –” a3·­­·±2­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̧øæaa2 TMaÆ·o·ao ° ́Æ­ ́ø2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ç aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 –Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa o±Æ ×2ÛÀ­a Õ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­  ̈± 

›±2 ̈Æ±¥ ¤3·­­·±2­ oÆ±3 ‹·a­a¥ ¤21·2a­å ·2  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ›±oa ±o 

Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù 1⁄2±33a21⁄2·21 ©· ̈ ̧ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÓÈððÚ 

 ̄“± ̈aÊ flŒfi  ̧ø­ ­a°øÆø ̈a °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈± TMaÆ·oß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ oaTM·1⁄2a­ o±Æ ­ ̈ø ̈·±2øÆß 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú ̃ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÔÁ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

Ã ̧·­ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ·oa2 ̈·o·a­  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ flŒfi  ̈± øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø© ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo  ̧±¥o ° ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̧aøÆ·21­Ù øo±° ̈ Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù ø2o øo±° ̈ ø 

o·2ø¥ ¥·­ ̈ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ Æa1⁄2a·TMa o ́2o·21 oÆ±3 aø1⁄2 ̧ 

ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoé­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø­ oao·2ao ·2 fi±øÆo 

Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± æa o ́2oaoÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øooé­ o ́ ̈·a­  ̈± øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

oaTMa¥±°·21 ø2o  ́°oø ̈·21 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Â ·­­ ́·21  ̈ ̧a “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o 

⁄ ́2o·21 flTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̄“—⁄fl ̃Â ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈·21Ù ÆaTM·a©·21Ù ø2o Æa1⁄2±33a2o·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21Â a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·21 ø2o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ ø2o ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­Â ø ́o· ̈·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Â  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ±2 °Æ±1Æa­­ ·2 a®°a2o·21 o ́2o­ ø2o 

ø1⁄2 ̧·aTM·21 °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Â oaTMa¥±°·21 ø2o 3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21 ø ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©aæ­· ̈a ±2  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3Â ø2o 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈·21 ©±Æμ­ ̧±°­ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o±Æ3­ ±o ± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ­aaμ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ·2° ́ ̈ 

±2 –Æ±1Æø3 oa­·12 ø2o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

flÚ –Æ±1Æø3 Ÿ ́·oa¥·2afl­ ÆaØ ́·Æao æß Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ù flŒfi oaTMa¥±°ao ø2o øo±° ̈ao  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o ÓððË 

Õ ̈øoo Œa°±Æ ̈ ·2 ø ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ⁄aæÆ ́øÆß ÓËÙ ÓððË fi±øÆo 3aa ̈·21Ú Ã ̧a 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i fl2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­Ù ø2o ø2ß ¥·3· ̈­ ±2 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ́­ao ́¥ ¥·oa ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

oa¥·TMaÆß 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

i ›Æ· ̈aÆ·ø o±Æ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ú 

i Ã ̧a 3a ̈ ̧±o æß © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ flŒfi ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ æø­·2é­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ·2 ø1⁄2 ̧·aTM·21 Õ ̈ø ̈a ø2o 

oaoaÆø¥ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù ø2o 

·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù ·oa2 ̈·oß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Ù ø2o 

Æa3ao·a­ o±Æ oø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Ú 

i fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ø2o ø ́o· ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ ø ́o· ̈ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ ø2o ± ́ ̈1⁄2±3a­Ú 

⁄±¥¥±©·21 aø1⁄2 ̧ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± flŒfiÙ ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ oaTMa¥±°Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

fi±øÆo ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ øo±° ̈·±2 ±oÙ ø2ß ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± 

·­­ ́·21  ̈ ̧a “—⁄fl o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥aÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æa­­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ø2o ø2ß 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­ 2aaoao  ̈± ·3°Æ±TMa · ̈­ aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­Ù °¥ ́­ øoTMø21⁄2a­ ·2 

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ø2o  ́°oø ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø 2aao  ̈± ÆaTM·­a  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ ±o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa øoaØ ́ø ̈a ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß o±Æ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 

·2° ́ ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 Æa¥aø­a ±o ø2ß °Æ±°±­ao  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ÆaTM·a© 

°Æ·±Æ  ̈± fi±øÆo 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ø ̈ ø 2± ̈·1⁄2ao ° ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̧aøÆ·21Ú
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 Óð ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Ã ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ øÆa oa­·12ao ø2o ·2 ̈a2oao  ̈± aooa1⁄2 ̈ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o Õfi ËËÙ 

flfi ÓðÔÙ ø2o flfi ËÁÓÚ ÿ±©aTMaÆÙ ·2  ̈ ̧a aTMa2 ̈ ø °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ 1⁄2±2o¥·1⁄2 ̈­ 

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a æ·¥¥­Ù ±Æ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a a2ø1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÙ  ̈ ̧a Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ 

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú 

ÔÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 1⁄2¥øÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

‹ ́Æ·21 –Æ±1Æø3 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ù ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ·­­ ́a­ 3øß øÆ·­a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa flŒfi ­ ̈øoo  ̈± 

·2 ̈aÆ°Æa ̈ ±Æ 1⁄2¥øÆ·oß  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 1⁄2¥øÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ©·¥¥ æa 3øoa øTMø·¥øæ¥a ø ̈ 

 ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒ13æ±2o  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

ÓÚ –Æ±TM·­·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o± 2± ̈ ø°°¥ß  ̈± °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË 

o ́2oflŒfi ­ ̈øoo aTMø¥ ́ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧a ÓððË Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ù ø2o 

oaTMa¥±°ao  ́°oø ̈a­Ú Ã ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a  ́°oø ̈ao ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø°°¥ß  ̈± °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ¥·­ ̈ao ·2 Ãøæ¥a ××ÚÔÚ 

Ãøæ¥a ××ÚÔ –Æ±TM·­·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ‹± “± ̈ fl°°¥ß  ̈± –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ Œa1⁄2a·TM·21 ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË ⁄ ́2o­ 

–Æ±TM·­·±2 ‹a­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

 ̄fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛ⁄ ̃

fl°°a2o·® ⁄ ­ ̧±©­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ 

⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2oao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

­ ̧±©2 ·2 fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛ¤ ø°°¥ß ±2¥ß  ̈± °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 

⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ ø2o ¥ø ̈aÆ o ́2o­Ú 

“a© ›±3°¥·ø21⁄2a › ̧a1⁄2μ 

—° ̈·±2 

 ̄› ̧ø°Ú × ÚflÚËÚ ̃

fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß 2± ̈ ø¥¥±© ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­ ·2 ø ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ 

⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­  ̈± 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©aÆa 

± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ±o ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± øTM±·o o·­Ø ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­ o±Æ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2·a­ 

 ̄› ̧ø°Ú ×××Ú›Ú ̃ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±TMao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­Ù oa­°· ̈a ø2ß 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧±­a ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­ ·2  ̈ ̧a­a 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

 ̄› ̧ø°Ú × ÚflÚÔÔÚ ̃ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ øÆa 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æao 

 ̈± ø3a2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø2ß øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ÆaØ ́·Æao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß Ã·3a¥·2ao±Æ —æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 ø2o 

¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o ⁄ ́2o­ 

 ̄› ̧ø°Ú ××Ú⁄Ú ø2o × ÚfiÚ ̃ 

⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao ø2o a®°a2oao æß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a¥·2a­ oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ø2ß ø3a2o3a2 ̈ ̄­ ̃Ú ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ ø2o ¥ø ̈aÆ 

o ́2o­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao ø2o a®°a2oao ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ⁄ ́2o­ 

 ̄› ̧ø°Ú ××Ú⁄ÚÓÚø ̃ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ o±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ⁄«ÓððÈÛ

ðË o ́2o­ øÆa ­a ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ø2o ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥aTMa¥ oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ø2o 3øß 2± ̈ æa ø1⁄21⁄2a¥aÆø ̈ao ±Æ ·21⁄2Æaø­ao  ̈± 

 ̧·1 ̧aÆ ¥aTMa¥­ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

Õ ̈ø ̈a fl1a21⁄2ß ‘±ø2 ±Æ 

‘±ø2 Ÿ ́øÆø2 ̈aa 

–Æ±1Æø3 

 ̄› ̧ø°Ú ××Ú‹Ú ̃ 

⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ 3øß 2± ̈ æa  ́­ao o±Æ ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa 

°Æ±1Æø3­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÓÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

fiÚ –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄ ́2o·21 ÃøÆ1a ̈­ ø2o –Æ·±Æ· ̈·aÃ ̧a fi±øÆo ø°°Æ±TMao o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o aø1⁄2 ̧ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 

±Æ 1Æ± ́°­ ±o 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­  ̄ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­ ø o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ̃Ú Ã ̧a­a  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ °Æ±TM·oa 

±TMaÆø¥¥ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ù ø2o 1 ́·oa aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ·2  ̈ ̧a oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ±o 

TM·øæ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­Ú Õ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ 1⁄2ø2  ̧a¥° a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·ø 

øÆa aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao ·2 ø ­ ̈Æø·1 ̧ ̈o±Æ©øÆo ø2o  ̈Æø2­°øÆa2 ̈ 3ø22aÆÚ Ã ̧a­a  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ 

o± 2± ̈ 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo  ̈± ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ·2 o ́ ̈ ́Æa ßaøÆ­ ø2o øÆa 2± ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ø 

°Æ±1Æø33·21 ±o o ́2o­  ̈± ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú ⁄ ́2o·21 o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2 aø1⁄2 ̧ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a ·­ Æa­°±2­·TMa  ̈± °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß  ̈ ̧a 

fi±øÆo ø2o 3øß 2± ̈ æa o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß °Æ±°±Æ ̈·±2ø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈øÆ1a ̈­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa1⁄2±33a2o 

o ́2o·21 ¥aTMa¥­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥  ̄ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ̃ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa oa­·12ao  ̈± Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈øÆ1a ̈­ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ­a ±o  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈·Æa  ̧Ô æ·¥¥·±2 –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

ÔÚ ÃÆøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ 

... ̧·¥a Õfi ËË o±a­ 2± ̈ a®°¥·1⁄2· ̈¥ß ÆaØ ́·Æa ø2 ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 æß  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ · ̈ o±a­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ 

flŒfi  ̈± ·oa2 ̈·oß ø 3aø2­  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ø2 ø·Æ æø­·2é­ ø ̈ ̈ø·23a2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ o±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø2o 

oaoaÆø¥ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ ø2o · ̈­  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 

æa¥·aTMa­  ̈ ̧·­ ·­ 3±­ ̈ aoo·1⁄2·a2 ̈¥ß ø2o aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß o±2a æß  ̈øÆ1a ̈·21 o ́2o·21  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 

1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ æø­ao ±2 °±° ́¥ø ̈·±2Ù 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ a3·­­·±2­Ù ø2o oaoaÆø¥ ø ̈ ̈ø·23a2 ̈ 

2aao­Ú Ã ̧a­a  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ ø¥­± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Æa­·oa2 ̈­ ·2 aø1⁄2 ̧ oao·2ao  ̈Æøoa 

1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ­aa æa2ao· ̈­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú ⁄·2ø¥¥ßÙ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ø ̈a ø  ̈Æø2­°øÆa2 ̈ ø2o 

±°a2 o·­1⁄2 ́­­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ±° ̈·3 ́3 o ́2o·21 ­°¥· ̈­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 ±o 1±±o­ 

3±TMa3a2 ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧ Æa1·±2é­  ̈± ́1 ̧a­ ̈ ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2 ̧ø¥¥a21a­Ú Ã ̧a ÓððË Õ ̈øoo 

Œa°±Æ ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·æa­  ̈ ̧a æø­·­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ̈øÆ1a ̈­Ú 

Ã ̧a o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ø¥¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­Ù øÆaÊ 

‹±¥¥øÆ­ ÃÆøoa ›±ÆÆ·o±Æ

i  ̧ÎÎð 3·¥¥·±2Ê ‘±­ fl21a¥a­Ò×2¥ø2o ¤3°·Æa  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ 

i  ̧ÓÎð 3·¥¥·±2Ê ›a2 ̈Æø¥ ø¥¥aß  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ 

i  ̧ÔÏð 3·¥¥·±2Ê fiøß flÆaø  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ 

i  ̧ Íð 3·¥¥·±2Ê Õø2 ‹·a1±Òfi±ÆoaÆ  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ 

Õ·21⁄2a  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ¥±±μ­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ø ­·21¥a 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

­ß­ ̈a3 o±Æ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 æ±2o 3±2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± 

o ́2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a  ̄2± ̈ ¶ ́­ ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ øÆaø ̃Ú Ã ̧a 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ±Æ ±°aÆø ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ æa ·2 ±2a ±Æ 3±Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 

1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú Œa1·±2­ ¥·μa  ̈ ̧a Õø2 ÷±øØ ́·2 ø¥¥aß ©· ̈ ̧  ̧·1 ̧  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧Û ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o Æø·¥  ̈Æøoo·1⁄2 

©·¥¥ æa2ao· ̈ oÆ±3 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2 ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú 

Ã ̧a o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ­aÆTM·21 °±Æ ̈­ ø2o ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­  ̄ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ 

© ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧±­a oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ øÆa ¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao ̃ ©·¥¥ æa øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ ø¥¥ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ o±1⁄2 ́­ao ±2 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÙ Æa1øÆo¥a­­ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ  ̧±3a æø­aÚ Ã ̧ ́­Ù 1⁄2¥aø2 ́° o ́2o­ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÓÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

fiøß flÆaø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a –±Æ ̈ ±o —øμ¥ø2o 3øß 1±  ̈±  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 1⁄2øÆÆß·21 ø1Æ·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈ ́Æø¥ °Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± ø2o 

oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ›a2 ̈Æø¥ ø¥¥aßÚ ‘·μa©·­aÙ o ́2o­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °±Æ ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ‘±­ fl21a¥a­ øÆaø 3øß 1±  ̈± 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ æø­ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Õø2 ‹·a1±Òfi±ÆoaÆ Æa1·±2Ú 

ÓÚ ›ø ̈a1±Æß o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ 

Õfi ËË Æa1⁄2±12·¶a­  ̈ ̧a 2aao o±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a ø1ø·2­ ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a o ́2o·21 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ 2± ̈ ø1ø·2­ ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2 ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ú Ã± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧·­ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧Ù 

­a ̈ °±Æ ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 øÆa  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 

±2a ±Æ 3±Æa ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ú ›ø ̈a1±Æß o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø2o Æa1·±2ø¥  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ø­ ø °Æ·3øÆß 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a ÓððË 

Õ ̈øoo Œa°±Æ ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·æa­  ̈ ̧a æø­·­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥  ̈øÆ1a ̈­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a ÓðÔð Õ ̈øoo Œa°±Æ ̈ 

oa­1⁄2Æ·æa­  ̈ ̧a æø­·­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ÆaTM·­·±2­Ú 

Ã ̧a  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ø¥¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­Ù øÆaÊ 

‹±¥¥øÆ­ ⁄ ́2o·21 ›ø ̈a1±Æß

 ̧Èðð 3·¥¥·±2Ê ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧ø ́¥ 1±±o­Ù °¥ ́­ ø2ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±° ±Æ 

o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

 ̧Ôðð 3·¥¥·±2Ê ‹·a­a¥ oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ú 

 ̧ÔÍð 3·¥¥·±2Ê ›øÆ1± ­ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧Ù °¥ ́­ 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́­ao ø ̈ ø °±Æ ̈ 

±Æ ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆoÚ 

 ̧ Ïð 3·¥¥·±2Ê ›±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú 

Ã ̧a fi±øÆo o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ao flŒfi ­ ̈øoo  ̈± 3ø2ø1a  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­  ̈± Æa­aÆTMa  ́°  ̈±  ̧Ôðð 3·¥¥·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±3æ·2ao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3±2·a­  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈ a®·­ ̈·21 oÆøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆ­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a  ̈ ̧a ­a1⁄2±2o 

° ̧ø­a ±o  ́°1Æøoa­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a “—® ·2 øoTMø21⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a ÓðÔÏ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a­a °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß 

o ́2o­ o±Æ oÆøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ øÆa ·2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̧ÔÓÎ 3·¥¥·±2 ±o ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2oa®°a2oao o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ ° ́Æ°±­aÚ 

ÌÚ –Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2oÃ ̧a fi±øÆo øo±° ̈ao  ̈ ̧a­a °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­Ê 

i ¤¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ß æa1·2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o oa¥·TMaÆ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß Æa­ ́¥ ̈­Ú 

Ã ̧·­ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± 1·TMa °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a 

aøÆ¥·a­ ̈ °±­­·æ¥a Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ ·2  ̧aøTM·¥ß ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ao 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­Ú Ã ̧a­a 

1⁄2± ́¥o æa 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̧·1 ̧ Æ·­μ­ o ́a  ̈± 2aøÆæß 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­ ±Æ 

1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­ ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̧·1 ̧ Æa1·±2ø¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

a3·­­·±2­Ú 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± øoo o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ­ o±Æ ·33ao·ø ̈aÙ æÆ±øo ­1⁄2ø¥aÙ 

1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa Æ·­μ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 3ø2ß 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­Ú fiø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a­ ·2 Æa¥ø ̈ao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù ©a a®°a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a­a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©± ́¥o ±2¥ß æa 

a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o·21Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÓÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

i –±Æ ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ‘±­ fl21a¥a­Ò×2¥ø2o ¤3°·Æa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ  ̈± 

1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a ­ ́°°±Æ ̈·21  ̈ ̧a –±Æ ̈ ±o ‘±­ fl21a¥a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a –±Æ ̈ ±o ‘±21 fiaø1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2¥aø2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

 ̈øÆ·oo °Æ±1Æø3­Ú Ã ̧a­a °±Æ ̈­ øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ oÆøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ­aÆTM·21  ̈ ̧a °±Æ ̈­ 

æa Æa°¥ø1⁄2ao  ̄©· ̈ ̧ 3±oa¥­ 3aa ̈·21 ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2 ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ ̃ æa ̈©aa2 ¥ø ̈a ÓððË ø2o 

 ̈ ̧a a2o ±o ÓðÔÔÚ Ã ̧·­ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a 3aø2­ ø2ß o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

2aao­  ̈± 1⁄2±3a ·2  ̈ ̧a aøÆ¥ß ßaøÆ­Ú 

ÏÚ –Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ ø2o ⁄«ÓððÁÛÔð o ́2oflŒfi ­ ̈øoo °Æ±°±­a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo øo±° ̈  ̈ ̧a­a °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ ø2o ⁄«ÓððÁÛÔð 

o ́2o­Ê 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ  ́°1Æøoa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ß Æao ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ ·2 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­ 2aøÆ  ̧·1 ̧ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÛ ̈Æøoo·1⁄2 oÆaa©øß­Ù ©øÆa ̧± ́­aÒo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­Ù °±Æ ̈­Ù ø2o Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ú Ã ̧a­a 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø¥­± °Æ±TM·oa ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈±  ̧a¥° 3aa ̈ oaoaÆø¥ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ­ ̈ø2oøÆoo±Æ Æa1·±2ø¥ ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 –”ÓÚÎ ø2o ±¶±2aÚ Ã ̧·­ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± 1·TMa °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a aøÆ¥·a­ ̈ °±­­·æ¥a 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ ·2  ̧aøTM·¥ß ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ao 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·a­Ú Ã± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa 

aøÆ¥ß 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfié­  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æ ́¥a­Ù  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o ́2o­ 2aao  ̈± æa oÆ±2 ̈Û¥±øoaoÚ 

i ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± 1⁄2 ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a a¥aTMø ̈aoÙ a®1⁄2a­­ 1⁄2ø21⁄2aÆ Æ·­μ­ ·2 2a·1 ̧æ±Æ ̧±±o­ 2aøÆ 

Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ù ø­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 flŒfié­  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ ø­­a­­3a2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Õ ̈ø ̈a 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 –¥ø2 Æa¥·a­ ±2 ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa­ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3a1⁄2 ̧ø2·­3­  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2a¥aÆø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 

·2 ̈Æ±o ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2¥aø2aÆ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ø2oÒ±Æ a21·2a­  ̈± ø ̈ ̈ø·2 oaoaÆø¥ –”ÓÚÎ ø2o 

±¶±2a ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ ·2  ̈ ̧a Õ± ́ ̈ ̧ ›±ø­ ̈ ø2o Õø2 ÷±øØ ́·2 ø¥¥aßÚ 

i Õ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ Æao ́1⁄2a o·a­a¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 ·2 °±Æ ̈Û­·oa 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈·aø2o 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­ a3·­­·±2­Ú Ã± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ÷ø2 ́øÆß ÓðÔÏ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o 

flŒfié­ Æ ́¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a­a 3 ́¥ ̈·ÛßaøÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ­ ̧±ÆaÛ

æø­ao °±©aÆ  ̈± ­ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧ 3 ́­ ̈ æa1·2 ­±±2Ú ...· ̈ ̧ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa­Ù ­±3a ±o  ̈ ̧a­a 

·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2­ 3øß æa øæ¥a  ̈± æa1·2 ±°aÆø ̈·±2 aøÆ¥ß ø2o  ̈± ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa a® ̈Æø Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

aø1⁄2 ̧ ßaøÆ  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ 1Æaø ̈aÆ  ́­aÚ 

›Ú –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ¤3·­­·±2­ 

ÔÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a 

fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛ¤ oa ̈ø·¥  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ́°1Æøoa ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ù 

o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø°­Ù 3·2·3 ́3 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÙ ø2o μaß ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ú ⁄±Æ ÆaoaÆa21⁄2a 

° ́Æ°±­a­Ù fl°°a2o·® ⁄ °Æ±TM·oa­  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø°°¥ß ±2¥ß  ̈± 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2 ̧±±­a  ̈± °Æ±°±­a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ 

ø2ß ±Æ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­  ̈± æa­ ̈ øooÆa­­  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 °Æ±æ¥a3 ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈Æøoa 

1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ ⁄±Æ o ́ ̈ ́Æa ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2­ ø2o  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

ø¥­± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 oa3ø2o o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ù  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß øoTMø21⁄2a­ ø2o 

1⁄2±­ ̈­Ù Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a 2aao o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù 

ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 2a© ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÓÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Õfi ËË ·oa2 ̈·o·a­ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

i Ã ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±o  ̧aøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a 

ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ú 

i Ã ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±o o·a­a¥ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2a­Ù ©· ̈ ̧ °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß 1·TMa2 

 ̈± ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧aÆ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2a­Ú 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø2o 

Æa°±©aÆ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ú Ã ̧a 2a© ±° ̈·±2­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æaæ ́·¥oÙ Æa°±©aÆÙ 

ø2o Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ù ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ ø2 a3aÆ1·21 ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa 

ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ­ß­ ̈a3Ú 

i Ã ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o ±2Û­ ̧±Æa a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ °±©aÆ o±Æ ±1⁄2aø2 oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2øÆÆ·aÆ­ 1⁄2ø¥¥·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

Õ ̈ø ̈aé­ ­aø°±Æ ̈­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a  ́­a ±o ø ́®·¥·øÆß ø2o 3ø·2 a21·2a ­ ̧·° °±©aÆ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧Ú 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧·­  ̈ß°a ±o  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÚ 

i ”±æ·¥a ±Æ °±Æ ̈øæ¥a ­ ̧±Æa­·oa o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈ao °±©aÆ 1a2aÆø ̈·±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a¥·3·2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 

2aao  ̈±  ́­a  ̈ ̧a a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2· ̈ß 1Æ·oÚ 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧·­  ̈ß°a ±o  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÙ 

ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ ø2 a3aÆ1·21 ­ ̧·° a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ­ß­ ̈a3Ú 

i Ã ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±o  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±°aÆø ̈a ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈aé­ 

­aø°±Æ ̈­Ú 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø2o 

Æa°±©aÆ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ú Ã ̧a 2a© ±° ̈·±2­ ø¥­± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø2o Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 

 ̧ßæÆ·o  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÚ

Û Ã ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±o 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±°aÆø ̈aø ̈  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈aé­ ­aø°±Æ ̈­ ø2o Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ú 

Û flŒfié­ øo±° ̈ao Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 o±Æ o·a­a¥ 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·21 ø ̈ °±Æ ̈­ 

ø2o ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧·­ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈± æa  ́°1Æøoao  ̈± a3·­­·±2 

¥aTMa¥­ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMøæ¥a  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ±Æ  ̄°±­­·æ¥ß ̃ Æa°±©aÆÚ Ã± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a 

a3·­­·±2­ 2± ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Ù ø2o øÆa 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMaÙ  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ±2¥ß Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±o a2aÆ1ß 

­ ̈±Æø1a ­ß­ ̈a3­ o±Æ Æ ́ææaÆÛ ̈·Æao 1ø2 ̈Æß 1⁄2Æø2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥Æaøoß 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a flŒfi 

Æ ́¥aÚ Ã ̧a 2a© ±° ̈·±2­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a Æa°±©aÆ ±o Æ ́ææaÆÛ ̈·Æao 1ø2 ̈Æß 1⁄2Æø2a­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 

a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2 ±Æ ¶aÆ±Ûa3·­­·±2 °±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3Ù ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ±o 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 ßøÆo  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 

©· ̈ ̧ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2 ±Æ ¶aÆ±Ûa3·­­·±2 ßøÆo 3±oa¥­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ Æao ́1⁄2a a3·­­·±2­ æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a a21·2a ·o¥·21 ø2o  ́­a ±o ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ 1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 

ø ́®·¥·øÆß °±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3­ ø ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­Ù ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ù o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­Ù ø2o 

± ̈ ̧aÆ °¥ø1⁄2a­ © ̧aÆa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 1⁄2±21Æa1ø ̈aÚ 

Û Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧·­  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÚ 

⁄±¥¥±©·21 aø1⁄2 ̧ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± flŒfiÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ø2o 

Æa1⁄2±33a2o o±Æ fi±øÆo øo±° ̈·±2 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± 

1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ o ́2o·21 ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥aÚ Ã ̧a­a ±° ̈·±2­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa øæ¥a  ̈± 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß Æao ́1⁄2a 

a3·­­·±2­ ø2o  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø  ̧·1 ̧ oa1Æaa ±o 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 ̈ßÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ 

±o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 Õfi ËË o±Æ  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2·1⁄2ø¥ oaø­·æ·¥· ̈ßÙ a3·­­·±2 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÓÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥Ù ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ± ̈ ̧aÆ aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ TMaÆ·o·aoÙ øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ ø2o 1⁄2ø2 æa ©·oa¥ß oa°¥±ßao  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a a3·­­·±2­ Ø ́·1⁄2μ¥ßÚ 

›aÆ ̈ø·2  ̈ß°a­ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ æa a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

Õ ́1⁄2 ̧ ·2a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± oa­·12Ù ø1⁄2Ø ́·Æa Æ·1 ̧ ̈­Û±oÛ©øßÙ °aÆo±Æ3 a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Ù æ ́·¥oÙ 

·3°Æ±TMaÙ ±Æ ±°aÆø ̈a  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̄¥·μa Æ±øo­Ù æÆ·o1a­Ù ±Æ 

·2 ̈aÆ1⁄2 ̧ø21a­Â Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ù  ̈Æø1⁄2μ­ ±Æ ­·o·21­Â Æø·¥ ±Æ  ̧·1 ̧©øß  ̈ ́22a¥ ©·oa2·21Â Æø·¥Æ±øo 

1⁄2Æ±­­·21 1Æøoa ­a°øÆø ̈·±2­Â ­ ̧·° 1⁄2 ̧ø22a¥ oÆao1·21Â a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± oa­·12Ù ø1⁄2Ø ́·Æa Æ·1 ̧ ̈­Û±oÛ©øßÙ °aÆo±Æ3 a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ ÆaTM·a©Ù æ ́·¥oÙ 

·3°Æ±TMaÙ ±Æ ±°aÆø ̈a ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥  ̈Æø2­oaÆ ±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­  ̄ø¥­± 1⁄2ø¥¥ao ·2¥ø2o 

°±Æ ̈­ ̃Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a a21·2a ·o¥·21 ø2o  ́­a ±o 

·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ 1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 ø ́®·¥·øÆß °±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3­ ø ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­Ù ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ù 

o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ °¥ø1⁄2a­ © ̧aÆa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 1⁄2±21Æa1ø ̈aÚ 

i Õ1⁄2·a2 ̈·o·1⁄2 ±Æ  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2·1⁄2ø¥ Æa­aøÆ1⁄2 ̧ ø2o oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±1Æø3­  ̈± 

°aÆo±Æ3 a3·­­·±2­  ̈a­ ̈·21 ±2 2a©  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÚ 

i fi ́­·2a­­ °¥ø2 oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ±Æ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈Ù TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù ±Æ ­ ̧·° æaÆ ̈ ̧­ ±©2ao ±Æ ¥aø­ao æß  ̈ ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈Ù 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a 3·¥· ̈øÆßÚ 

i ⁄ ́a¥ ±Æ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2· ̈ß ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a­Ú 

i —°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

i ‘a1ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

i –aÆ3· ̈ oaa­ ±Æ  ̈ø®a­Ú 

i fl2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ 3aa ̈ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

Ã ̧a  ̈·3·21 ø2o Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a oa3ø2o­  ̈± 1a ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß °Æa1⁄2¥ ́oa 

1⁄2ø­aÛæßÛ1⁄2ø­a 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú ×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ́°°±Æ ̈­ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o ø 

1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß o±Æ °±­­·æ¥a ·21⁄2¥ ́­·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a oao·2ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ 

·2  ̈ ̧a 2a® ̈  ́°oø ̈a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

ÓÚ œ ́ø2 ̈·oß·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æa2ao· ̈­ 

ø ̃ –±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­ 

Õfi ËË ·oa2 ̈·o·a­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao o±Æ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3Ê 

i ‹·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a 3ø ̈ ̈aÆ  ̄o·a­a¥ –” ̃Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ flŒfi ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ø­ ø  ̈±®·1⁄2 ø·Æ 

1⁄2±2 ̈ø3·2ø2 ̈Ú 

i “· ̈Æ±1a2 ±®·oa­  ̄“—® ̃ ø2o ­ ́¥o ́Æ ±®·oa­  ̄Õ—® ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a  ̈± o·2a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a­ 

 ̄–”ÓÚÎ ̃ o±Æ3ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ø ̈3±­° ̧aÆaÚ 

i “—® ø2o Æaø1⁄2 ̈·TMa ±Æ1ø2·1⁄2 1ø­a­  ̄Œ—Ÿ ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o±Æ3 ±¶±2a ·2  ̈ ̧a ø ̈3±­° ̧aÆaÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÓÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Õfi ËË ø¥­± øoo­ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­a­ ø­ ø 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ·2 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·21 

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± o ́2oÚ 

fl­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ­·3°¥·oß·21  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ù  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ÆaØ ́·Æa Ø ́ø2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o o·a­a¥ –” 

ø2o “—® a3·­­·±2­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ oÆ±3 æ±2oÛo ́2oao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a­a øÆa 

 ̈ ̧a  ̈©± 3±­ ̈ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈¥ß ·3°±Æ ̈ø2 ̈ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈­ oÆ±3 1±±o­ 

3±TMa3a2 ̈ ·2 ø¥¥ o± ́Æ  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ ¥·μa¥ß  ̈± o·ooaÆ æa ̈©aa2 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 

°Æ±°±­ø¥­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ 

—o  ̈ ̧a  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ù ±2¥ß ­ ̧·°­ øÆa ­ ̈·¥¥ ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ±o Õ—® 

a3·­­·±2­Ú Õ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a ­ ̧·° a3·­­·±2­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧ ©·¥¥ aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß 1⁄2 ́ ̈ 

 ̈ ̧·­ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈Ú × ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a Õ—® a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ oÆ±3 aø1⁄2 ̧ 

1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ›±3°øÆ·21  ̈ ̧a Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 o·a­a¥ –” ø2o “—® 

a3·­­·±2­ ·­ ø2 øoaØ ́ø ̈a æø­·­  ̈± ø­­a­­ ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­ Æa¥ø ̈·TMa  ̈± 

± ̈ ̧aÆ­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ ‹·a­a¥ a21·2a­ a3· ̈ Œ—ŸÙ æ ́ ̈ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ øÆa 

 ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ¥a­­  ̈ ̧ø2 ÔÒÔð ±o  ̈ ̧a “—® a3·­­·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa ­ ̧± ́¥o ø¥­± 2± ̈ æa ø 

oa ̈aÆ3·2·21 oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ·2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­ a3·­­·±2­ ·2 Æa1⁄2±33a2o·21  ̈ ̧a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 

o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­Ù ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ø¥¥± ̈ ̈ao o±Æ ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ ø2o 1⁄2øÆ1± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a o ́a¥ 1⁄2±2­ ́3° ̈·±2Ú Õ·21⁄2a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 ©· ̈ ̧·2 o ́2o·21 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ù  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ 2± 2aao  ̈± Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ oÆ±3 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

æ ̃ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æa2ao· ̈­ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±ÆflŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ oaTMa¥±° ø2o 3øμa øTMø·¥øæ¥a ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈a ø ̈Ê 

 ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒ13æ±2o ø –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fia2ao· ̈­ ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ  ̄›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ ̃ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú Ã ̧a­a ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

°Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a æø­·­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈± Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Û

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o °Æ±°±­ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú ×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·oa2 ̈·o·a­ ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa Ø ́ø2 ̈·o·ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧± ́¥o 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o±Æ 1 ́·oø21⁄2aÚ Ã ̧a ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

ø¥­± °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a æø­·­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈± Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o °Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú —TMaÆ  ̈·3aÙ flŒfi 

­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ æ ́·¥o  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ —2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÚ 

‹Ú –Æ±TM·­·±2 o±Æ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ‘±ø2 ±Æ ‘±ø2 Ÿ ́øÆø2 ̈aa –Æ±1Æø3­ 

flŒfi 3øß 3øμa o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3­Ú ⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a 

±o øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ø ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3  ̄¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ̃ ±2¥ßÙ ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 3øß 

æa ø2ß Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 flŒfi Åÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÎÚÔ ̄ø ̃ÃÚ 

⁄ ́2o­ o±Æ ø ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3øß æa °Æ±TM·oao oÆ±3 æ±2o °Æ±1⁄2aao­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao 

o ́2o­Ú ⁄±Æ ø2ß ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù flŒfi ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÓÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß ±Æ 3øß  ́­a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao 2±2Û°Æ±o· ̈ ±Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2­Ù 

1⁄2±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥ ¥a2oaÆ­Ù  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o·2ø21⁄2·21 1⁄2±3°ø2·a­Ù 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ æø2μ­Ù ø2o 

­3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­ ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a a2 ̈· ̈·a­Ù  ̈± øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3Ú fl2ß  ́­a ±o ø2 a® ̈aÆ2ø¥ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a Õ ̈ø ̈a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈·21 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

Ã ̧a ·2 ̈a2 ̈ ±o ±ooaÆ·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·­  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a 

ø2o a®°ø2o o·2ø21⁄2·21 ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈·a­ o±Æ ±©2aÆ­ ±o ­3ø¥¥aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o¥aa ̈­ © ̧± øÆa 

a®°aÆ·a21⁄2·21 o·oo·1⁄2 ́¥ ̈ß ·2 ±æ ̈ø·2·21 o·2ø21⁄2·21  ̈±  ́°1Æøoa ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a·Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­ ©· ̈ ̧ 

1⁄2¥aø2aÆ  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÚ 

‘±ø2 °Æ±1Æø3­ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

i ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈ ¥±ø2­  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ øÆa  ́­ao  ̈± 3øμa ø ¥±ø2 o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆ ̃Ú 

i ‘±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa­  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ øÆa  ́­ao  ̈± 1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø ¥±ø2 ¥±­­ Æa­aÆTMa  ̈± 

1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa ø ¥±ø2 3øoa æß ø ¥a2oaÆ ̃Ú 

i ‘±ø2 ±Æ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ Æø ̈a ­ ́æ­·o·a­  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ øÆa  ́­ao  ̈± æ ́ß o±©2  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

Æø ̈a ̃Ú 

i ‘aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ øÆa  ́­ao  ̈± ­ ́æ­·o·¶a ø ¥aø­·21 °Æ±1Æø3 © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a 

¥a­­aa  ̈øμa­ ±©2aÆ­ ̧·° ±o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a2o ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥aø­a ̃Ú 

Ã ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ ⁄·2ø21⁄2·21 fl ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ßé­  ̄›–›⁄fl ̃ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ›ø°· ̈ø¥ 

fl1⁄21⁄2a­­ –Æ±1Æø3  ̄›ø¥›fl– ̃Ù ø o±Æ3 ±o ¥±ø2 °±Æ ̈o±¥·± ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2aÙ ·­ ø2 a®ø3°¥a ±o ø ¥±ø2 

1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3Ú flŒfié­ –Æ±TM·o·21 ‘±ø2 fl­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a o±Æ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

 ̄–‘fl›¤ ̃ ·­ ø2 a®ø3°¥a ±o ø °Æ±1Æø3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °Æ±TM·oa­ æ± ̈ ̧ ¥±ø2 ø2o ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa 

°Æ±1Æø3­  ́ ̈·¥·¶·21 °øÆ ̈2aÆ­ ̧·°­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ú 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß ø°°¥ß o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ±2a ±o 

 ̈ ̧a øæ±TMaÛoa­1⁄2Æ·æao ±° ̈·±2­ ±Æ ø ­·3·¥øÆ °Æ±1Æø3 o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈± Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±Æ 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

fia1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 3ø2ß ±° ̈·±2­ ø2o ©øß­  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù flŒfi ÆaØ ́·Æa­ 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2ß °Æ±°±­ao ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ê 

i À­a o ́2o­  ̈±  ́°1Æøoa ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a a¥·1·æ¥a o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ·2 fl°°a2o·® flÚ 

i flo ̧aÆa  ̈± ø2ß o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥  ̈aÆ3­ ø2o 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ·2  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ±Æ 

·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ Æø ̈aÙ ¥±ø2  ̈aÆ3Ù ø2o 3·2·3 ́3 

1⁄2Æao· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o­  ́­ao o±Æ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ ¥±ø2­ ±Æ ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa  ́­ao  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø 

­ ́­ ̈ø·2øæ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̄Æa°øß3a2 ̈­ ©·¥¥ æa  ́­ao  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ¥±ø2­ ±Æ ¥aø­a­ ̃Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o­  ́­ao o±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa­ 3 ́­ ̈ °Æ±TM·oa ø 3·2·3 ́3 ¥aTMaÆø1a a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß 

flŒfiÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÓË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Ã ̧a ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± ø°°Æ±TMa  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa ø2o 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ±o ø2ß 

°Æ±°±­ao ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ·21⁄2Æaø­ao ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a  ̈± ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ ±©2aÆÛ±°aÆø ̈±Æø2o ­3ø¥¥aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ·21 o¥aa ̈­Ú 

Õaa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÚflÚ o±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

¤Ú flŒfi –Æ±1⁄2a­­  ̈± fl©øÆo ⁄ ́2o­  ̈± ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a fl1a21⁄2·aÔÚ “± ̈·1⁄2a ±o o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·­­ ́a ø 2± ̈·1⁄2a ±o o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̄“—⁄fl ̃ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 “±TMa3æaÆ Ìð ̈ ̧

±o aø1⁄2 ̧ o·­1⁄2ø¥ ßaøÆ ·2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­ øÆa ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈ao ±Æ Æaø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́ÆaÙ 

 ́2¥a­­ ­ ̈øoo oa ̈aÆ3·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ­ ̧± ́¥o æa  ́°oø ̈ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧±­a o ́2o­Ú ⁄±Æ 

⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o·21Ù flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·­­ ́a  ̈ ̧a “—⁄fl ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈©± ©aaμ­ ±o fi±øÆo øo±° ̈·±2 ±o 

 ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú ⁄±Æ ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ ø2o ⁄«ÓððÁÛÔð o ́2o·21Ù flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·­­ ́a  ̈ ̧a “—⁄fl 

o±¥¥±©·21 fi±øÆo øo±° ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a  ́°oø ̈a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ­ ̈ø ̈a o·­1⁄2ø¥ 

°±¥·1⁄2ßÚ 

Ã ̧a “—⁄fl ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

i Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·a­ ­aaμ·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 

1⁄2±21⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o ø oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß Ø ́ø¥·o·a­ ø­ ø2 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i Õ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aø1⁄2 ̧ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈  ̧±¥o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ±2a 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 3aa ̈·21 °Æ·±Æ  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± flŒfi  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú‹Ú ̃Ú 

ÓÚ œ ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­ 

Ã ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± æa æ± ̈ ̧ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß ø2o 

±2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2  ̈ ̧a 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ±o oÆa·1 ̧ ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ±Æ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2 ø·Æ 

Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈Ú ⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 

øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ø ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3 ±2¥ßÙ ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø2ß 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ø1a21⁄2ßÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·a­ o± 2± ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ­ ̈ø ̈a­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 

1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈Ú fl ç¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßå ·­ oao·2ao  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø 1⁄2± ́2 ̈ßÙ 1⁄2· ̈ßÙ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈Ù ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 

ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß 1⁄2Æaø ̈ao æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÙ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ø2o ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ °±¥· ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ­ ́æo·TM·­·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a 

Õ ̈ø ̈aÚ 

Ã ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ­ ̈a° ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­ o±Æ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß  ̈± Æa1·­ ̈aÆ ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi 

 ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a “—⁄flÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß ø2o °Æ±TM·oa ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ3 o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ TMaÆ·o·ao 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßÚ 

›±21⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß ©·¥¥ ø¥­± °Æ±TM·oa · ̈­ Ø ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

o±Æ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ø­ ø –Æ±1Æø3 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ­±  ̈ ̧ø ̈ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 1⁄2ø2 æa1·2  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 

oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÓÁ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­a­­ aø1⁄2 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßé­ Ø ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a2 ̈· ̈ß 

3aa ̈­  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø2o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß 

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß °Æ±TM·oa øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧·­ 

ø­­a­­3a2 ̈Ú 

fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Ø ́ø¥·o·a­ ø­ ø –Æ±1Æø3 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 3øß ø¥­± æa ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­ ø2 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ±Æ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

ÌÚ ŒaTM·a© ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø2 ·2· ̈·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o aø1⁄2 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o ·­ 

a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ o ́2o·21Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈·oß ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈ 3aa ̈ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o °øÆø1Æø° ̧­  ̄ø ̃Û ̄1 ̃ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧·2 Óð æ ́­·2a­­ oøß­ ±o flŒfi 

Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °ø1⁄2μø1aÚ “± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 3øß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ TM·ø ¥a ̈ ̈aÆ ±Æ a3ø·¥ 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a oa­·12ø ̈ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈Ù ø ̈ flŒfi ­ ̈øooé­ o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ø2ß oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ø2o oa ̈aÆ3·2aÙ ø ̈ ­ ̈øooé­ o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2Ù © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈± 

o·­Ø ́ø¥·oß  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±Æ ° ́Æ­ ́a Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø2ß oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ °±­ ̈ ø ¥·­ ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ±2  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈a o±Æ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ÆaTM·a© 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 Ìð oøß­ øo ̈aÆ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ øÆa o ́a  ̈± flŒfiÚ

ø ̃ ›±3°¥a ̈a2a­­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a© ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ 

ø¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æao ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú fl ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø2o ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ø 1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2Ú 

æ ̃ ›±2­·­ ̈a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ ¥a1ø¥ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a 

ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa­ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ç2± ̈ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Úå flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2o±Æ3­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a oa­·Æao o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ 

–Æ±°±­ø¥­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±3æ·2a 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o ø¥¥±© a3·­­·±2­Ù 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÙ ±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ¥aTMa¥­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ·21⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ±2a ±Æ 3±Æa 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ øÆa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± o·­Ø ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2Ù o±Æ ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ 

±°aÆø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ›¥ø­­ × Æø·¥Æ±øo­Ù flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 Ìð ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o æa ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ øÆa ±Æ øÆa 2± ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± 

­ø ̈·­oß ø2ß 3ø2oø ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈  ́2oaÆ ø2 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 ø 

Æø·¥Æ±øo 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ø2o ø Õ ̈ø ̈a ±Æ oaoaÆø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ±Æ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈Ú flŒfi 3 ́­ ̈ o·2o 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ øÆa 2± ̈ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ o ́2o·21 Åÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÎÚÎ ̄ø ̃ ̄Ó ̃ ̄fi ̃ÃÚ 

1⁄2 ̃ ›±2­·­ ̈a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß °¥ø2­ o±Æ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o · ̈ 

3aa ̈­  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Æa1·±2ø¥ °¥ø2­  ̄±Æ Æa1·±2ø¥ 

a¥a3a2 ̈­ ±o ­ ̈ø ̈a©·oa °¥ø2­ ̃  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a a3·­­·±2­ oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈Ú 

o ̃ flTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o o ́¥¥ o ́2o·21 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o · ̈ 

1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß ·oa2 ̈·o·a­  ̈ ̧a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ̄­ ̃ ±o ø2ß Õ ̈ø ̈a ø2o 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧·21 o ́2o­Ù ø2o 

oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a­a o ́2o­ øÆa Æaø­±2øæ¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥a ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3aoÆø3a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÚ 

a ̃ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ø2o 3·¥a­ ̈±2aflŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o · ̈ 

·oa2 ̈·o·a­  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ø2o ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ø oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßéøæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a¥·2a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ o ́2o ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 ø2o a®°a2o· ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

o ̃ ‹ø ̈ø  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ 

·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ oø ̈ø  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Û

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú

1 ̃ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o · ̈ 

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ °Æa°øÆao  ̈± øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a oa ̈ø·¥ao °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ±Æ › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÚÙ Æa­°a1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ßÚ 

ÏÚ flŒfi aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2ø°øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2±°a 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o · ̈ 

øoo·Æ3ø ̈·TMa¥ß oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ±Æ ©·¥¥  ̧øTMa  ̈ ̧a 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß 

a®°aÆ ̈·­a ø2o Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a oa3ø2o­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2±°aÙ 

©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a¥·2a­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÌÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ a®ø3·2a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ao ­ ̈ø ̈·­ ̈·1⁄2­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ æø­·­ 

o±Æ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧·21  ̈ ̧a Æa¥ø ̈·±2­ ̧·° æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °·a1⁄2a­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 æa 

 ́°1Æøoao ·2 ø 1·TMa2  ̈·3aoÆø3a ø2o  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̈øoo 2aaoao  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2±3°¥·­ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧±­a  ́°1Æøoa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa¥ß ±2  ̈ ̧a o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 °Æ±TM·oao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o flŒfié­ a®°aÆ·a21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ù  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ –Æ±1Æø3Ù ø2o 

± ̈ ̧aÆ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­  ̈± ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a øoaØ ́ø1⁄2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao ­ ̈øoo Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú ×o 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo oa ̈aÆ3·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈ao  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± 

 ̧ø2o¥a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ß°aÙ æ ́ ̈ ±2¥ß ø ̈ ø ¥a­­aÆ ­1⁄2±°a ±Æ ­1⁄2ø¥a  ̈ ̧ø2 °Æ±°±­aoÙ ­ ̈øoo 3øß 

·oa2 ̈·oß ø2 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa ­1⁄2±°aÚ 

⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ÎÙððð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù æ ́ ̈ ±2¥ß 

oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧a Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ø2o øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ÓÙððð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈·3a¥·2a­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß o·­Ø ́ø¥·oß  ̈ ̧a 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±Æ Æa1⁄2±33a2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1± o±Æ©øÆo  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 

©· ̈ ̧ ø ­1⁄2±°a ±o ÓÙððð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈­  ̄ø ̈ ø °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao o ́2o·21 ¥aTMa¥ ̃Ú 

×o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo oa ̈aÆ3·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±2¥ß ø ¥a­­aÆ ­1⁄2±°a ·­ oaø­·æ¥a æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßéoa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a oa­·12ø ̈ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ·2 

©Æ· ̈·21 ø2o 3±TMa  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ©øÆo  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao °Æ±°±­ø¥ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­ ́3a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

­ ́°°±Æ ̈ o±Æ ø °Æ±ÛÆø ̈ao °Æ±°±­ø¥ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1a3a2 ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æao ±2  ̈ ̧a 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

ÎÚ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 

Õfi ËË o·­ ̈·21 ́·­ ̧a­ æa ̈©aa2 Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o­ ø2o 3±2·a­ oÆ±3 ø¥¥ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 

× ̈ ø¥­± o·Æa1⁄2 ̈­ flŒfi  ̈± 3ø®·3·¶a  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­  ́­ao  ̈± ­ ́°°¥a3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú Ã ̧a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± 1⁄2±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a o·ooaÆa21⁄2a æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø° ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2±3a oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a °Æ·TMø ̈a ­a1⁄2 ̈±ÆÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù 

± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a 3±2·a­Ù ±Æ  ̈ ̧a oaoaÆø¥ 1±TMaÆ23a2 ̈Ú –Æ·TMø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø2 æa °Æ±TM·oao 

æß  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÙ ø2 ·2o ́­ ̈Æß ­°±2­±Æao °Æ±1Æø3Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 

Õaa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × ÚflÚÍÚ o±Æ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

ÍÚ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥  ́­a ø Ø ́ø2 ̈· ̈ø ̈·TMa ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± oaTMa¥±° ø °Æ·±Æ· ̈·¶ao ¥·­ ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧·­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ©·¥¥ æa ø°°¥·ao  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ° ́æ¥·­ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ 

±o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÙ ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ 

±o a¥·1·æ¥a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ¥±ø2­Ú 

Ã ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Ø ́ø2 ̈· ̈ø ̈·TMa¥ß æø­ao ±2 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ä a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o ø 3aø­ ́Æa ±o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ­ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ú Ã ̧a 

1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́­a­  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ –Æ±1Æø3 °Æ± ̈±1⁄2±¥ ±o ©a·1 ̧ ̈·21 

1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 –” a3·­­·±2­  ̄a­­a2 ̈·ø¥¥ß o·a­a¥ –” ̃ æß ø oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±o Óð Æa¥ø ̈·TMa  ̈± ± ̈ ̧aÆ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÌÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

°±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈aÆ  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o –” °aÆ  ̈±2 ±o a3·­­·±2­Ú Ã ̧·­ 

°Æ± ̈±1⁄2±¥  ̧a¥°­  ̈øÆ1a ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a 

1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μÚ 

ø ̃ ¤3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­1⁄2±Æa 

...a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ „ Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 “—® ı  ̄1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 –” ® Óð ̃ 

a3·­­·±2­ ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a øTMaÆø1a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ·2 °± ́2oflŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ¥·­ ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2 oa­1⁄2a2o·21 ±ÆoaÆ ±o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù 

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2  ̈±° ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±©a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2  ̈ ̧a 

æ± ̈ ̈±3Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ ­1⁄2±Æa aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈øÆ ̈·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3 ©· ̈ ̧ ø 

­1⁄2±Æa ±o Ô ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́·21 1⁄2±2­a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ·o  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 

Ë °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­Ù  ̈ ̧a ±2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ©± ́¥o Æa1⁄2a·TMa ø 

­1⁄2±Æa ±o ËÚ Õaa ⁄·1 ́Æa ××ÚÔ o±Æ ø2 a®ø3°¥aÚ 

¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ Õ1⁄2±Æa „ 2 ́3æaÆ oÆ±3 øæ±TMa aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 

æ ̃ ›±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ­1⁄2±Æa 

⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2 ø o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ßé­ a­ ̈·3ø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈Û©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù o·TM·oao æß  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈± ̈ø¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 °Æ±°±­ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±Æ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ Ã± ̈ø¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̄°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ ̃Ù °¥ ́­ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ­  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × ÚflÚÍÚ ̃Ú 

›±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ „ ©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̄¥æ­ ̃Ò ̈± ̈ø¥ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a Õ ̈ø ̈a  ̧ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ¥·­ ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2 oa­1⁄2a2o·21 ±ÆoaÆ ±o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ 

Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆÙ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̧·1 ̧a­ ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ ±2  ̈±° ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±©a­ ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ ±2  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3Ú flŒfi 

­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ ­1⁄2±Æa aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈øÆ ̈·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3 ©· ̈ ̧ ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o Ô ø2o 

1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́·21 1⁄2±2­a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ©· ̈ ̧ Ë °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­Ù  ̈ ̧a 

±2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ ©± ́¥o Æa1⁄2a·TMa ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o ËÚ 

Õaa ⁄·1 ́Æa ××ÚÔ o±Æ ø2 a®ø3°¥aÚ 

›±­ ̈Û¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ Õ1⁄2±Æa „ 2 ́3æaÆ oÆ±3 øæ±TMa aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 

Ã ̧·­ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ·2o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥aTMa¥ ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ú 

fl °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©·¥¥ ø¥©øß­  ̧øTMa ø 1⁄2±3æ·2ø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ø2o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21  ̄oÆ±3 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ±Æ 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ̃  ̈± 1⁄2±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ 

aØ ́ø ̈·±2  ́­a­  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ ©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMao æß  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

o ́2o·21Ù 2± ̈ ¶ ́­ ̈ ø ­ ́æ­a ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 °Æ±°±Æ ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 

1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈Ú fiß 1⁄2± ́2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ ©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

Æa1⁄2±12·¶a­  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ ±o 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­ ø2o ±ooaÆ­ ø 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa øoTMø2 ̈ø1a  ̈± 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ 1Æaø ̈aÆ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÌÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø­­ ́3a  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ±ooaÆ­ o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ́°  ̈± Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o 2a© 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆao æß 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­  ̄Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 ·2 ø 

ÔÊÔ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ̃Ú ”±­ ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±2a2 ̈­ ­aaμ  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù æ ́ ̈ 

°Æ±°±2a2 ̈ » ±2¥ß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ ÓÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

± ̈ ̧aÆ ÈÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆao æß 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­  ̄aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß °Æ±TM·o·21 ø ÌÊÔ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ ̃Ú 

Ã ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ o±Æ ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©± ́¥o ¥·μa¥ß æa ­·3·¥øÆÙ æ ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ øÆa 3 ́1⁄2 ̧ 1Æaø ̈aÆ o±Æ °Æ±°±2a2 ̈ » æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Æa¥·a­ 

±2 ¥a­­ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o­ ø2o 3±Æa 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­Ú 

⁄·1 ́Æa ××ÚÔ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ flÙfiÙ› ­ ́æ3· ̈ 

1⁄2±3°a ̈·21  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̄ ̧ß°± ̈ ̧a ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ̃

›ÛÎÙÓÁÁ  ̈±2­ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ô

fiÛÍÙðÎÍ  ̈±2­ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ó

flÛÈÙÎÈð  ̈±2­ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ì

¤3·­­·±2

Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 Õ1⁄2±Æa

›ÛðÚÏ ¥æ­Ò ̧ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ó

fiÛðÚÎ ¥æ­Ò ̧ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ì

flÛðÚÌ ¥æ­Ò ̧ Õ1⁄2±ÆaÊ Ô

›±­ ̈Û¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ 

Õ1⁄2±Æa

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›Ê ÔıÓ Ì °±·2 ̈­

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ flÊ ÌıÔ Ï °±·2 ̈­

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fiÊ ÓıÌ Î °±·2 ̈­

›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Œø2μ·21

›Ò Œa°¥ø1⁄2a 

Èðð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μfiÒ Œa°¥ø1⁄2a 

Ëðð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μflÒ Œa°¥ø1⁄2a 

ÔÙððð  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μfl1a21⁄2ßÒ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈

Õ ̈ø ̈a 

‹±¥¥øÆ­

...a·1 ̧ ̈ao 

¤3·­­·±2 

Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

 ̄ ̈±2­ ̃

Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±TMaÆ 

ËÛ«aøÆ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ‘·oa

ÎÙÓÁÁ

ÍÙðÎÍ

ÈÙÎÈð

“—®  ̈±2­ –”  ̈±2­

ÓÙÓÔÁ

ÓÙÎÌÍ

ÌÙÔÈð

ÔÎÏ

ÔÈÍ

ÓÓð

 ̧ÓË” ø ̈ 

 ̧ÏðμÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ

 ̧ÓÏ” ø ̈ 

 ̧ÌðμÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ

 ̧Îð” ø ̈ 

 ̧ÎðμÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ

Œa­ ́¥ ̈­ oÆ±3 –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fia2ao· ̈­ ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈±ÆÊ
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÌÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

1⁄2 ̃ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ øoo  ̈ ̧a ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ Õ1⁄2±Æa  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›±­ ̈Û¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ Õ1⁄2±Æa  ̈± 

oa ̈aÆ3·2a  ̈ ̧a o·2ø¥ °±·2 ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æø2μ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß oÆ±3  ̧·1 ̧a­ ̈ °±·2 ̈­  ̈± 

¥±©a­ ̈ °±·2 ̈­Ú Õaa ⁄·1 ́Æa ××ÚÔ o±Æ ø2 a®ø3°¥aÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ø2o æa2ao· ̈­ ±o ø2ß Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±°±­ø¥­ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø2o Æø2μ  ̈ ̧±­a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø1ø·2­ ̈ aø1⁄2 ̧ ± ̈ ̧aÆÙ ·o ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈aÚ 

ÈÚ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©±Æμ­ ̧±°­ ±2 a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̧±¥o 2± ¥a­­  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧Æaa ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©±Æμ­ ̧±°­ ­ ̈ø ̈a©·oa  ̈± o·­1⁄2 ́­­  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ø2ß °Æa¥·3·2øÆß 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ o±Æ o ́2o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú fl ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ±2a ©±Æμ­ ̧±° aø1⁄2 ̧ ©·¥¥ æa 

 ̧a¥o ·2 2±Æ ̈ ̧aÆ2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÙ  ̈ ̧a ›a2 ̈Æø¥ ø¥¥aßÙ ø2o ­± ́ ̈ ̧aÆ2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÚ fl ̈ flŒfi ­ ̈øooéo·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a­a ©±Æμ­ ̧±°­ 3øß æa 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao æa ̈©aa2 Æa¥aø­a ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa 

Æø2μ·21 ø2o oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ±o o ́2o·21 Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ ±Æ øo ̈aÆ oaTMa¥±°3a2 ̈ ±o flŒfi 

­ ̈øoo o ́2o·21 Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú ⁄±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­Ù  ̈ ̧a­a ©±Æμ­ ̧±°­ ©aÆa 2± ̈ 

ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a Åÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÍ ̄1⁄2 ̃ ̄Ó ̃ÃÚ 

ËÚ Œa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ o±Æ o ́2o·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

fiø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ·2° ́ ̈Ù 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥  ́­a ø Ø ́ø¥· ̈ø ̈·TMa ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± oaTMa¥±° Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥aTMa¥ ±o 

o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ̄­ ̃ ·2 aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ Ã ̧·­ 

ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­Ù ø2o °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥aÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­ oÆ±3 ø2ß Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ¥±ø2 ±Æ 

¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3øμa  ̈ ̧a­a o ́2o·21 Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 TM·ø  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈a °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̧aøÆ·21 

1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ o±¥¥±©  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ê 

ø ̃ ›±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o øTMø·¥øæ¥a o ́2o­ ø2o o ́2o·21 °Æ·±Æ· ̈·aÕ ̈øÆ ̈·21 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̧·1 ̧a­ ̈ 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°øÆa 

 ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a øTMø·¥øæ¥a o ́2o­Ù  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈­ o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ ø2o ø2ß °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧±­a o ́2o­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÌÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

æ ̃ ⁄ ́2o·21 ¥aTMa¥ o±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa1⁄2±33a2o © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2 aø1⁄2 ̧ 

 ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ­ ̧± ́¥o æa o ́2oao ·2 © ̧±¥aÙ ·2 °øÆ ̈Ù ±Æ 2± ̈ ø ̈ ø¥¥ ·2 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥aÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß Æa1⁄2±33a2o °Æ±ÛÆø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o·21 ø2o  ̈ ̧a a­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 3aø­ ́Æa­  ̄°·a1⁄2a­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±¥¥øÆ­ ø2o o ́2o·21 °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­Ú 

—21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±33a2oao o ́2o·21 ·­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ­a1⁄2±2o  ̧·1 ̧a­ ̈ 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ·2 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a o ́2o­ ø2o o ́2o·21 °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a  ́2 ̈·¥  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a 

¥aTMa¥ ±o o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ä ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a ä ·­ Æaø1⁄2 ̧aoÚ

fiø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao øæ±TMa o±Æ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·21 ø2o Æø2μ·21 a¥·1·æ¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ ø­­a­­·21  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 ¥aTMa¥Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·­­ ́a · ̈­ ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 

Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1Æø2 ̈ 

o ́2o­Ù ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ ø2ß o ́2o·21  ̈± Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ¥±ø2 ø2o ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa 

°Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

ÁÚ – ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̧aøÆ·21 ø2o fi±øÆo ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

Ã ̧a fi±øÆo ©·¥¥  ̧±¥o ø 2± ̈·1⁄2ao ° ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̧aøÆ·21  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̈a­ ̈·3±2ßÙ ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 

1⁄2±33a2 ̈­Ù ø2o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ o±Æ o ́2o·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ¥±ø2 

ø2o ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a øTMø·¥øæ¥a –Æ±1Æø3 3±2·a­Ú fl ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧aøÆ·21Ù  ̈ ̧a 

fi±øÆo 3øß øo±° ̈ ø Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±TM·21 ø o·2ø¥ ¥·­ ̈ ±o °Æ·3øÆß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ¥±ø2 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø2o 1⁄2±ÆÆa­°±2o·21 o ́2o·21 ø3± ́2 ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧·­ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·­ ̈ 3øß 

·oa2 ̈·oß flŒfi ø­ ø2 øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ ø ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ° ́Æ°±­aÚ Ã ̧·­ fi±øÆo Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ·2· ̈·ø¥¥ß ±æ¥·1ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­Ù ø2o °Æ±TM·oa­ flŒfi 

­ ̈øoo ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± a2 ̈aÆ ·2 ̈± 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ±Æ ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù © ̧a2 æ±2o o ́2o­ øÆa øTMø·¥øæ¥a Åÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÍ ̄1⁄2 ̃ ̄Ì ̃ÃÚ Ã ̧a flŒfi 

¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ 3øß oa¥a1ø ̈a ·2 ©Æ· ̈·21  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ­·12 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­  ̈± ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ 

·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ ±Æ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ ±2 flŒfié­ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa 3ø2ø1a3a2 ̈  ̈aø3Ú 

Ã ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·­ ̈ ø°°Æ±TMao æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo 3øß ø¥­± ·oa2 ̈·oß çæø1⁄2μ ́°å °Æ±°±­ø¥­  ̄øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ ·21⁄2Æaø­a­ ·2 o ́2o·21 ¥aTMa¥­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±TMao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ̃Ú 

Ã ̧a­a æø1⁄2μ ́° °Æ±°±­ø¥­ 3øß æa ø©øÆoao o ́2o·21 ·o ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao o±Æ 

±2a ±Æ 3±Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ·3øÆß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3aoÆø3a ­°a1⁄2·o·ao æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ·2  ̈ ̧a 

Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2Ù ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ·­  ́2øæ¥a  ̈± a®°a2o ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±Æ o ́¥o·¥¥ 

· ̈­ ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­Ù ±Æ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­  ̈±  ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈a ±Æ  ̈Æø2­oaÆ · ̈­ 1Æø2 ̈Ú 

ÔðÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

Ã ̧a fi±øÆoé­ o ́2o·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa1⁄2±3a ¥a1ø¥¥ß a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ú ¤ø1⁄2 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ø ­a°øÆø ̈a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÌÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æa°øÆa ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ o±Æ ÆaTM·a© ø2o ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa  ̈©± 1⁄2±°·a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°Æ±TMao o±Æ æ±2o o ́2o·21Ú Ã ̧a 1⁄2±°·a­ 

3øß æa ­·12ao æß flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a2 ­a2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa æß ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao 

Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ Æa ̈ø·2 ±2a o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±°ß o±Æ · ̈­ o·¥a­Ù 

ø2o Æa ̈ ́Æ2 ±2a o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±°ß  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ —Æ flŒfi 3øß ­a2o  ̈©± 1⁄2±°·a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa æß ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa © ̧± ©·¥¥ Æa ̈ ́Æ2 æ± ̈ ̧ 1⁄2±°·a­  ̈± 

flŒfiÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­·12 ø2o Æa ̈ ́Æ2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±2a o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ o±Æ · ̈­ o·¥a­Ú 

¤ø1⁄2 ̧ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21 a¥a3a2 ̈­Ú 

ø ̃ Õ ̈ø2oøÆo 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

i ŸÆø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆâ ́2·Ø ́a  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 2 ́3æaÆ °Æ±TM·oao æß flŒfiÚ 

i ¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa oø ̈aÚ 

i ÃaÆ3 ±o 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ×2oa32·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± ·2oa32·oß ø2o  ̧±¥o  ̧øÆ3¥a­­  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a o±Æ 

ø2ß ¥·øæ·¥· ̈ß øÆ·­·21 ± ́ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

i ÕaTMaÆøæ·¥· ̈ßâÆa3ø·2·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a ·2 aooa1⁄2 ̈ aTMa2 ·o ø 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 

 ̧±¥o­ ø ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °Æ±TM·­·±2 ·2TMø¥·oÚ 

i ⁄±Æ1⁄2a 3ø¶a ́ÆaâflŒfi ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·øæ¥a o±Æ ø2ß oa¥øß ±Æ oø·¥ ́Æa ·2 

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 oÆ±3 ©øÆÙ 2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ o·­ø­ ̈aÆ­Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ ø1⁄2 ̈­ æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú 

i ŸÆø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ø3a2o3a2 ̈­âø3a2o3a2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ æß 3 ́ ̈ ́ø¥ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

·2 ©Æ· ̈·21 ø2o ­·12ao æß ø¥¥ °øÆ ̈·a­Ú 

i ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ ¶ ́­ ̈·1⁄2aâ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ · ̈­ °Æ±1Æø3­ ·2 ø 3ø22aÆ 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ a2­ ́Æa­  ̈ ̧a oø·Æ  ̈Æaø ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ø¥¥ °a±°¥a ·2  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈aÚ 

i flŒfié­ ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­  ̈± °øß ø2ß o ́2o­ øÆa 1⁄2±2 ̈·21a2 ̈  ́°±2  ̈ ̧a øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o o ́2o­Ú ×2 

 ̈ ̧a aTMa2 ̈ o ́2o­ øÆa 2± ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̧øTMa 2± ¥·øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± °øß ø2ß o ́2o­  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ  ̈± o ́Æ2·­ ̧ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2­Ú 

æ ̃ Ÿa2aÆø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

i fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2â·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈a æß ÆaoaÆa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o 

æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2Ú 

i Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2 1⁄2±2o±Æ3ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ ø¥¥ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈·21  ̈± flŒfi Ø ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß 

oø ̈ø  ́°oø ̈a­Ù ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­Ù ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈­Ù 

© ̧a2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 

i —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ø ́o· ̈­â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø¥¥±© ±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ 

ø2o ø ́o· ̈­ æß flŒfiÙ ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù ±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ oa­·12ø ̈ao Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ̄­ ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÌÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

i Œa1⁄2±Æo­ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø¥¥±© flŒfi ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12ø ̈ao 

Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ̄­ ̃ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈± aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ±Æ ø ́o· ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ú 

i Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± Æa ̈ø·2 –Æ±1Æø3 Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ù aÚ1ÚÙ 

·2TM±·1⁄2a­Ù 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø2o 1⁄2±ÆÆa­°±2oa21⁄2aÙ o±Æ ÌÎ ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a æ±2o ·­­ ́ø21⁄2a oø ̈a 

°Æ±TM·o·21  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ±Æ  ̈± ­a2o ø¥¥ Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̈± flŒfi æß  ̈ ̧a a2o oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ·2 ø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 o±Æ3ø ̈  ̈± æa oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß flŒfiÚ 

i ¤2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈â°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶·21 flŒfi ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa  ̈± ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i “±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

Û ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ±Æ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­Ú 

Û ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ±æ¥·1ø ̈a ±Æ a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao  ̈·3a¥·2a­Ù ±Æ  ̈± 

­ ̧±©  ̈·3a¥ß ·2 ̈aÆ·3 °Æ±1Æa­­  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a­a  ̈·3a¥·2a­Ú 

Û ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ±Æ ©·oa­°Æaøo oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ±TMaÆ­·1 ̧ ̈Ù 

a2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa1⁄2±Æo μaa°·21Ù 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ù ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ø ́o· ̈ 

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ±Æ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ –Æ±1Æø3 a¥a3a2 ̈ ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß flŒfiÚ 

Û ”·­ ́­a ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

Û ⁄ ́2o·21 ±o ·2a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ · ̈a3­Ú 

Û ¤®1⁄2aao·21 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa o ́2o ø¥¥± ̈3a2 ̈Ú 

Û ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ±Æ oø ́¥ ̈ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

Û ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ÆaØ ́·Æao o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±Æ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao oÆ±3 flŒfiÙ ‹—⁄Ù 

±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÚ 

Û –±±Æ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß ø2 ø ́o· ̈ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao æß flŒfiÙ ‹—⁄Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

oa­·12aaÚ 

i Œa3ao·a­ o±Æ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

Û –Æ±æø ̈·±2Ú 

Û Œa1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o o ́2o­Ú 

Û ›±2­ ̈Æø·2 ̈­ ±2 ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ o ́ ̈ ́Æa –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±ÆâÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± ±ooaÆ °øß3a2 ̈­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß 

 ̈± TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ oaø¥aÆ­ ±Æ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ­ ·o ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

i Ãø® ·3°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± 2± ̈·oß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ±o °±­­·æ¥a  ̈ø® 

·3°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ oÆ±3 Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ø2o a21⁄2± ́Æø1a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø2 ̈­  ̈± 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ ø 

 ̈ø® °Æ±oa­­·±2ø¥Ú 

i –Æ±1Æø3 ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao13a2 ̈â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1a  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ø­ ø 

o ́2o·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ·2 ø2ß Æa¥ø ̈ao 3ao·ø aTMa2 ̈­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2· ̈ß 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥Ú 

i ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 Æa1⁄2±Æo­ ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈ ±2 ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

aøÆ2ao ±2 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈­Ù ø2o  ̈± a®°a2o aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i Œa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æaâøæ·¥· ̈ß ±o flŒfi  ̈± Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ ⁄ ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÛ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 a¥a3a2 ̈­ 

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2Ú 

i ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao  ̈± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ o±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ¤¥·1·æ¥a 1⁄2±­ ̈­â1⁄2±­ ̈­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈·ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ø2o ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o  ́°1Æøoao 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ø­ oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ±Æ 

ø1⁄21⁄2±3°ø2ß·21 Õ ̈øoo Œa°±Æ ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÌË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

i ×2a¥·1·æ¥a 1⁄2±­ ̈­âø2ß 1⁄2±­ ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ø­ ·2a¥·1·æ¥a ·2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ±Æ 

ø1⁄21⁄2±3°ø2ß·21 Õ ̈øoo Œa°±Æ ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa °ø·o o±Æ ±Æ Æa·3æ ́Æ­ao ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o·21 1⁄2ø°­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ 1Æø2 ̈ ø3± ́2 ̈Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­ ø2o ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ±o o ́2o­Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a æa21⁄2 ̧3øÆμ­âa®°a1⁄2 ̈ao 2 ́3æaÆ ±o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù °·a1⁄2a­ ±o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù æaÆ ̈ ̧­Ù a ̈1⁄2ÚÙ  ̈± æa  ́°1Æøoao ø2o a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aâ ̈·3aoÆø3a o±Æ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·21  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 3ø¶±Æ 

3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ø2o ø2ß 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2Ú 

i ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aâa­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a o±Æ flŒfi  ̈± a®°a2o o ́2o­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

i ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈â­ ̈a°­ o±Æ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o­Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

°ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̄±Æ o±¥¥±©·21 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 æ ́ ̈ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± °¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ±o ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ±ÆoaÆ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 

±° ̈·±2 ̃ ø2o °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈  ̄a®1⁄2a° ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø­a ±o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ 

°øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ ̃Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2 ±°aÆø ̈·21 ¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù °Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ 

a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a­Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃ ·2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­Ú 

i –Æ±°aÆ o·­°±­ø¥ ±o ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈â¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ 

Ø ́ø¥·o·ao ­ø¥TMø1a ßøÆo­ ø2o TMaÆ·oß ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1aÒo·­°±­ø¥ ±o ±¥o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ TMa­­a¥Ù 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ a21·2aÙ ø2o  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø2ß flŒfi o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± 3øμa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μøTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ Æa ́­aÚ 

i Õ3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­a­â± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ­3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­a­ o±Æ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

ÔÔÚ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ¥±ø2 ø2o ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3 ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

Ã ̧a fi±øÆoé­ o ́2o·21 oa1⁄2·­·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa1⁄2±3a ¥a1ø¥¥ß a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 

·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ø2o  ̈ ̧a ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù  ́2¥a­­ 

flŒfi ·­  ̈ ̧a ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßÚ ¤ø1⁄2 ̧ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ø ­a°øÆø ̈a 

·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

flŒfiÙ ·o ÆaØ ́·ÆaoÙ ©·¥¥ a2 ̈aÆ ·2 ̈± ø2 ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3  ̄¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ̃Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ ̈ø·2 ø¥¥ 

ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao Õ ̈ø ̈a ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa­ ø2o Æa ̈ ́Æ2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ±2a o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 

1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ o±Æ · ̈­ o·¥a­Ú fl2 ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ 

ÆaØ ́·Æao ·o flŒfi ·­  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ø2o Æa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÌÁ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Ã ̧a ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 a¥a3a2 ̈­Ê 

ø ̃ Õ ̈ø2oøÆo ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

i ×2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆâ ́2·Ø ́a  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 2 ́3æaÆ °Æ±TM·oao æß flŒfiÚ 

i ¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa oø ̈aÚ 

i ÃaÆ3 ±o ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

i Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

i fl1Æaa3a2 ̈ ø3a2o3a2 ̈­âø3a2o3a2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ æß 3 ́ ̈ ́ø¥ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ·2 

©Æ· ̈·21 ø2o ­·12ao æß ø¥¥ °øÆ ̈·a­Ú 

i ¤2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈â°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶·21 flŒfi ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa  ̈± ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i –Æ±1Æø3 ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao13a2 ̈âÕ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1a  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ø­ ø 

o ́2o·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ·2 ø2ß Æa¥ø ̈ao 3ao·ø aTMa2 ̈­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2· ̈ß 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥Ú 

i “±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

Û ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ±Æ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­Ú 

Û ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ±æ¥·1ø ̈a ±Æ a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao  ̈·3a¥·2a­Ù ±Æ  ̈± 

­ ̧±©  ̈·3a¥ß ·2 ̈aÆ·3 °Æ±1Æa­­  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a­a  ̈·3a¥·2a­Ú 

Û ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ±Æ ©·oa­°Æaøo oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ±TMaÆ­·1 ̧ ̈Ù 

a2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa1⁄2±Æo μaa°·21Ù 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ù ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ø ́o· ̈ 

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ±Æ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ –Æ±1Æø3 a¥a3a2 ̈ ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß flŒfiÚ 

Û ”·­ ́­a ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

Û ⁄ ́2o·21 ±o ·2a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ · ̈a3­Ú 

Û ¤®1⁄2aao·21 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa o ́2o ø¥¥± ̈3a2 ̈Ú 

Û ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ±Æ oø ́¥ ̈ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

Û ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ÆaØ ́·Æao o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±Æ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao oÆ±3 flŒfiÙ ‹—⁄Ù 

±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÚ 

Û –±±Æ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß ø2 ø ́o· ̈ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao æß flŒfiÙ ‹—⁄Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

oa­·12aaÚ 

i Œa3ao·a­ o±Æ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

Û Œa1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o o ́2o­Ú 

Û ›±2­ ̈Æø·2 ̈­ ±2 ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ o ́ ̈ ́Æa –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ¤øÆ2ao ×2 ̈aÆa­ ̈âÕ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 Æa1⁄2±Æo­ ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈ ±2 ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

aøÆ2ao ±2 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ø2o  ̈± a®°a2o aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­âÕ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈·21 ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ 

Æa°±Æ ̈­ ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈­Ú 

i —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ø ́o· ̈­âÕ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø¥¥±© ±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ 

ø2o ø ́o· ̈­ æß flŒfiÙ ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù ±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ oa­·12ø ̈ao Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ̄­ ̃Ú 

i Œa1⁄2±Æo­ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­âÕ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø¥¥±© flŒfi ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12ø ̈ao 

Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ̄­ ̃ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈± aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ±Æ ø ́o· ̈ Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ú 

i Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­âÕ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± Æa ̈ø·2 –Æ±1Æø3 Æa1⁄2±Æo­ o±Æ 

ÌÎ ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a æ±2o ·­­ ́ø21⁄2a oø ̈a o±Æ o ́2o­ °Æ±TM·oao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 

1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3 ̄­ ̃ ±Æ ­a2o ø¥¥ Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̈± flŒfi ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈©± ßaøÆ­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥ø­ ̈ ¥±ø2 

æa·21 °ø·o ±oo ·2 ø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 o±Æ3ø ̈  ̈± æa oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß flŒfiÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 Ïð ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

i flŒfié­ ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­  ̈± °øß ø2ß o ́2o­ øÆa 1⁄2±2 ̈·21a2 ̈  ́°±2  ̈ ̧a øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o o ́2o­Ú ×2 

 ̈ ̧a aTMa2 ̈ o ́2o­ øÆa 2± ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̧øTMa 2± ¥·øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± °øß ø2ß o ́2o­  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ  ̈± o ́Æ2·­ ̧ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2­Ú 

æ ̃ Õ1⁄2±°a ±o ©±Æμ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

i Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a æa21⁄2 ̧3øÆμ­âa®°a1⁄2 ̈ao 2 ́3æaÆ ±o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­  ̈± æa  ́°1Æøoao ø2o 

a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aâ ̈·3aoÆø3a o±Æ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·21  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 3ø¶±Æ 

3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Ú 

i ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈â­ ̈a°­ o±Æ ø Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ø©øÆoao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ  ̈Æø2­oaÆÆ·21 o ́2o­ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

×o flŒfi ·­  ̈ ̧a øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ ø ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o flŒfi 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ a· ̈ ̧aÆ 

ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ a2 ̈· ̈ßÙ flŒfi ©·¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa ø2 ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ±Æ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­  ̈ ̧a øæ±TMa °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ú 

⁄Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 —TMaÆ­·1 ̧ ̈ 

flŒfi ·­  ̈ ̧a øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ù ø2o ·­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ a2­ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ øÆa ­°a2 ̈ ±2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o Õ ̈ø ̈a ‘ø© 

ø2o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

Ã± 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ­± ́2o o·­1⁄2ø¥ °Æø1⁄2 ̈·1⁄2a­ ø2o a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 1⁄2ø2 Æaø1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 ±21⁄2a 

æa1 ́2Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa ø Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ  ̄±Æ 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a ¥a ̈ ̈aÆ­ ̃ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ 1Æø2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a 

Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̄±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ̃  ̈± 

°Æ±1⁄2aao ©· ̈ ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 æø­ao ±2 ø ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ¥aTMa¥ ±o øTMø·¥øæ¥a o ́2o­Ú ⁄±Æ 

ø  ̧·1 ̧ o±¥¥øÆ TMø¥ ́a 1Æø2 ̈Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß ·oa2 ̈·oß °øÆ ̈·ø¥ o ́2o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2o±Æ3­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

æ±2o 1⁄2ø­ ̧ ±2 oa°±­· ̈Ú Ã ̧a Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ · ̈a3·¶a æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥aTMa¥ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ø2o 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa øTMø·¥øæ¥a ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a æa21⁄2 ̧3øÆμ­ ·2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú flŒfi 3øß ·­­ ́a 

3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̄±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ̃ 

 ̈± ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o ́2o­Ù 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ±Æ ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

ÔÚ flŒfi ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·aflŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o·­1⁄2ø¥ ßaøÆé­ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­ ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧ ·2 Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ù æ ́ ̈ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈aé­ o·­1⁄2ø¥ °±¥·1⁄2·ao±Æ æ±2oÛo ́2oao °Æ±1Æø3­Ú Ã ̧·­ ·­ ø  ̈©±Û­ ̈a° °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù æa1·22·21 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆoéø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o o ́2o­ TM·ø Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2  ̈± ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o a2o·21 

©· ̈ ̧ o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ±Æ ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­Ú 

×o 2aaoaoÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ fi±øÆo 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 

°Æ·±Æ  ̈± ±æ¥·1ø ̈·21 o ́2o­ oÆ±3 2a© ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÏÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

ÓÚ flŒfi a®°a2o· ̈ ́ÆaflŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o·­1⁄2ø¥ ßaøÆé­ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­ ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧ ·2 Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø© æ ́ ̈ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈aé­ o·­1⁄2ø¥ °±¥·1⁄2·ao±Æ æ±2oÛo ́2oao °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

i —21⁄2a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ øÆa ±æ¥·1ø ̈aoÙ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2 ±o Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao o ́2o­Ù ø2ß 

o ́2o­  ́2­°a2 ̈ æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß  ̈·3aoÆø3a­ ÆaTMaÆ ̈ æø1⁄2μ 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±Æ ̈­ ×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ßÙ ø2o fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß ×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈Ù 

ø2o 3 ́­ ̈ æa ÆaÛø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́ÆaÚ × ̈ ·­  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa  ̈ ̧a °±¥·1⁄2ß ±o flŒfi  ̈± 

Æa ̈ø·2 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­  ́2 ̈·¥ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 

øoTMø21⁄2·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 ±o ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o o ́2o·21 ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3Ù ±Æ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 3aa ̈·21 ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­ 

­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧ ·2 Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ú 

i flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ́°±2 Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o ø TMø¥·o ŸÆø2 ̈ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa 

ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao  ̈± flŒfi æß ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa 

ø1⁄2 ̈·21  ́2oaÆ ø o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

ø ̃ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2oflo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ a®°a2oao æß flŒfi o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 3øß æa  ́­ao æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆao æß ø o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú ×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ±2a o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 

flŒfiÙ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao  ́2oaÆ ±2a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 3øß æa  ́­ao  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈ 

·2  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈  ́­a 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ ·2 a®1⁄2a­­ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ ø¥¥±©ao  ́2oaÆ ø¥¥ 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­  ̄·ÚaÚÙ  ̈ ̧a ­ ́3 ±o ø¥¥ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ o±Æ ±2a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ 

a®1⁄2aao Î °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ø©øÆoao  ̈±  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ̃Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ o±Æ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ øÆa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ê 

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± 1a2aÆø ̈a 2a© o ́2o·21 oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a­  ̈± 1⁄2±TMaÆ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ ­aø°±Æ ̈­ ̃ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ao oÆ±3 

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈·21 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ×2 ø¥¥ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2ø­a­Ù ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ o±Æ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ øÆa 1⁄2ø°°ao ø­ o±¥¥±©­Ê 

Û Ì ̊ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø3± ́2 ̈ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ù 1⁄2øÆ1± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ø2o ­ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧Ú 

Û Ï ̊ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø3± ́2 ̈ o±Æ  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú 

Û Î ̊ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø3± ́2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ø2o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ a®°a2oao æß flŒfi o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 3øß æa  ́­ao æß ø Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o ø Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆao æß ø o ́¥¥ß 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÚ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ o±Æ 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ øÆa 1⁄2ø°°ao ø ̈ Î °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 ø©øÆoao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ¥±ø2­ ø2o ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÏÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa  ́­ao o±Æ  ̈ø­μ­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 

± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧Ò3øÆμa ̈·21Ù ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ù ø2o ø ́o· ̈ ø2o ±TMaÆ­·1 ̧ ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21Ê ­ ̈øoo  ̈·3aÂ 

1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ø2 ̈ oaa­Â °Æ·2 ̈·21Ù 3ø·¥·21Ù ø2o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Â °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 ø2o 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 

a®°a2­a­Â ø2o ·2o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ 1a2aÆø¥ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Ù ±oo·1⁄2a 

­°ø1⁄2aÙ ø2o  ̈a¥a° ̧±2a ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Ú 

 ̄Ô ̃ ×2· ̈·ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa 

›±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø2o flŒfi 3øß ·2· ̈·ø¥¥ß 

a®°a2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ù ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ¥·­ ̈ao ·2 Ãøæ¥a ××ÚÓ æa¥±©Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß ø 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßÚ fl Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø2o flŒfi 3øß ø°°Æ±TMa øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ 

 ́°  ̈± Ôðð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈Ù 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

Ã ̧a ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©·¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2  ̈aÆ3­ ø2o 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ 3aa ̈  ̈± ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ o ́2o­Ú 

Ãøæ¥a ××ÚÓ ×2· ̈·ø¥ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ o±Æ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ⁄ ́2oÕ± ́Æ1⁄2a ›ø ̈a1±Æß  ̊ ±o ⁄ ́2o­ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 

 ́°  ̈± Áð ̊ 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ø2o 

Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ 

 ́°  ̈± Îð ̊ 

Õ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧  ́°  ̈± ÓÎ ̊ 

›øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

 ́°  ̈± Îð ̊ 

ÿøÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈  ́°  ̈± Îð ̊ 

ÔÚ flŒfi ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧øTMa o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao  ̈ ̧a 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

ÓÚ fl Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­  ̈ ̧a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa æø­ao ±2 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a æ±2o 1⁄2ø­ ̧Ú 

 ̄Ó ̃ floo· ̈·±2ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ 

›±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ±Æ ø ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß 

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø2o flŒfi 3øß a®°a2o  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa o ́2o­ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ¥·­ ̈ao ·2 Ãøæ¥a ××ÚÌ æa¥±©Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÏÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Ãøæ¥a ××ÚÌ floo· ̈·±2ø¥ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ o±Æ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ⁄ ́2oÕ± ́Æ1⁄2a ›ø ̈a1±Æß  ̊ ±o ⁄ ́2o­ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÆa3ø·2·21 ÔÚ fl Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­  ̈ ̧a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa æø­ao ±2 øTMø·¥øæ¥a æ±2o 1⁄2ø­ ̧Ú 

ÓÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈a­ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ø2o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo TMaÆ·o·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2  ̧ø­ æaa2 ­ø ̈·­o·aoÚ 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ø2o 

Æø·¥ ßøÆoÆa3ø·2·21 

Õ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧ Æa3ø·2·21 

›øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

Æa3ø·2·21 

ÔÚ fl Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­  ̈ ̧a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa æø­ao ±2 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a æ±2o 1⁄2ø­ ̧Ú 

ÓÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈a­ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ôðð ̊ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ø2o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo TMaÆ·o·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2  ̧ø­ æaa2 ­ø ̈·­o·aoÚ 

ÿøÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ Æa3ø·2·21 ÔÚ fl Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­  ̈ ̧a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa æø­ao ±2 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a æ±2o 1⁄2ø­ ̧Ú 

ÓÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈a­ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ø2o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo TMaÆ·o·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧·­ 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2  ̧ø­ æaa2 ­ø ̈·­o·aoÚ 

æ ̃ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ 

 ̄Ô ̃ ×2· ̈·ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa 

›±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø2o flŒfi 3øß ·2· ̈·ø¥¥ß 

a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ¥·­ ̈ao ·2 Ãøæ¥a ××ÚÏ æa¥±©Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß ø 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßÚ ›±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆÙ ø Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø2o flŒfi 

3øß a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ́°  ̈± Ôðð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈  ̧ø­ æaa2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈aoÙ ·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÏÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Ãøæ¥a ××ÚÏ ×2· ̈·ø¥ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ o±Æ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ⁄ ́2o·21

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ›ø ̈a1±Æß  ̊ ±o ⁄ ́2o­ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 

 ́°  ̈± Ôðð ̊ 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ø2o 

Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ 

 ́°  ̈± Ôð ̊ 

Õ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧  ́°  ̈± Ôð ̊ 

›øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

 ́°  ̈± Ôðð ̊ 

ÿøÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈  ́°  ̈± Ôð ̊ 

ÔÚ fl Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­  ̈ ̧a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa æø­ao ±2 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a æ±2o 1⁄2ø­ ̧Ú 

ÓÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ °Æ±TM·oao oø ̈ø ±2 a¥·1·æ¥a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± flŒfiÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo  ̧ø­ ø°°Æ±TMao 

 ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ °±­ ̈ao  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±TMao ¥·­ ̈ ±2 · ̈­ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 

©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

ÌÚ Ã ̧a ø°°Æ±TMao ¥·­ ̈ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a­ ø oa3ø2o o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21Ú 

ÏÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo  ̧ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßéaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈a3°¥ø ̈aÙ ø2o ø2ß ¥aø­aÛ

 ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3­ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

±o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

 ̄Ó ̃ floo· ̈·±2ø¥ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ 

›±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ±Æ ø ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß 

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø2o flŒfi 3øß a®°a2o  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ¥·­ ̈ao ·2 Ãøæ¥a ××ÚÎ æa¥±©Ú 

Ãøæ¥a ××ÚÎ floo· ̈·±2ø¥ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ o±Æ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

⁄ ́2o·21 

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ›ø ̈a1±Æß  ̊ ±o ⁄ ́2o­ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÆa3ø·2·21 

›øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ Æa3ø·2·21 

ÔÚ fl Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­  ̈ ̧a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa æø­ao ±2 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a æ±2o 1⁄2ø­ ̧Ú 

ÓÚ Ã ̧a ø°°Æ±TMao Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a­ ø oa3ø2o 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21Ú 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ø2o 

Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ Æa3ø·2·21 

Õ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧ Æa3ø·2·21 

ÿøÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ Æa3ø·2·21 

ÔÚ fl Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­  ̈ ̧a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa æø­ao ±2 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a æ±2o 1⁄2ø­ ̧Ú 

ÓÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

ÌÚ Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa ©· ̈ ̧·2 Í 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

ø2 ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈ao °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 oø ̈aÚ 

ÌÚ ⁄ ́2o·21 Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ä flŒfi 

× ̈ ·­ flŒfié­ °±¥·1⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ æa ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao ø2o a®°a2oao ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÚ 

Ã ̧a flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ ±Æ  ̧·­ ±Æ  ̧aÆ oa­·12aa  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa o ́2oo±Æ Æaø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ÆaTMaÆ­·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ù ø2o 3øß ø3a2o ±Æ 3±o·oß 

ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ±Æ ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ ø 2a© 1Æø2 ̈ ±Æ ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧·­ °±¥·1⁄2ßÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÏÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

flŒfi 3øß Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ø2o Æaø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈a o ́2o­ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21Ù æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i ⁄ ́2o­ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao ±Æ °ø·o  ̈± ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̄±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ø ¥±ø2 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥  ̄±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ̃ ø1a21⁄2ß 2± ̈·o·a­ flŒfi øÆa  ́2¥·μa¥ß  ̈± æa ­°a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 

 ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ±Æ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß oaøo¥·2a­Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o­ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao ±Æ °ø·o  ̈± ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̄±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ø ¥±ø2 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo oa ̈aÆ3·2a­ øÆa  ́2¥·μa¥ß  ̈± æa ­°a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ±Æ 

­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß oaøo¥·2a­Ù æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥  ̄±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ̃ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ °Æ±1Æa­­ ·2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 

 ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥  ̄±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ̃ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ·2 ©Æ· ̈·21 ±o ø2ß ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 æao±Æa  ̈øμ·21 ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ø2o 

Æaø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­Ú Ã ̧·­ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 ±o ø 1Æø2 ̈ ±Æ ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ Æa ̈ ́Æ2  ́2a®°a2oao 

o ́2o­  ̈± flŒfiÚ 

i ⁄ ́2o­ Æa ̈ ́Æ2ao  ̈± flŒfi æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̄±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ø ¥±ø2 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ̃Ú 

i ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈  ̧a¥o æß flŒfi ±Æ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥  ̄±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ̃ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ø­ °aÆ3· ̈ ̈ao æß Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø© 

ø2o o·­1⁄2ø¥ °±¥·1⁄2·a­Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o­ °ø·o  ̈± ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ æ ́ ̈ Æa ̈ ́Æ2ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥  ̄±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ̃ ø1a21⁄2ß øo ̈aÆ 

 ̈ ̧a o ́2o­  ̧øTMa æaa2 ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈aoÚ 

i — ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß 1⁄2±3a ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 oÆ±3 ± ̈ ̧aÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a o ́ ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ o±¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a  ̧·aÆøÆ1⁄2 ̧ß æa¥±© o±Æ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·21 Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao o ́2o­  ̈± fi±øÆoÛ

ø°°Æ±TMao °Æ·3øÆß ±Æ æø1⁄2μ ́° °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ê 

i ...· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ø2o  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

i ...· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

i Ã± ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ  ̄©· ̈ ̧ fi±øÆo ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ̃Ú 

ÏÚ —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±2 ø2 ±21±·21 æø­·­Ú 

¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ øÆa oa­·12ao  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø© ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈÚ fl2ß –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ a®°a2oao ±2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

flŒfi o·2o­ øÆa 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ao ø­ ø2 øoTMaÆ­a o·2o·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ø ́o· ̈Ú Ã ̧a flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

Æa·3æ ́Æ­a flŒfi  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 ø2 øoTMaÆ­a o·2o·21Ù ±Æ 3øß ­aaμ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

Æa3ao·a­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø­  ̈ ̧a ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ oaa3­ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈aÚ 

ø ̃ —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

—21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ÆaTM·a©·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 1±ø¥­Ú 

¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ 3øß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ø­ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo oaa3­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß ø2o oaø­·æ¥a ©· ̈ ̧ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 

Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÏÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °aÆ3· ̈ flŒfiÙ  ̈ ̧a ‹—⁄Ù  ̈ ̧a fi ́Æaø ́ ±o Õ ̈ø ̈a fl ́o· ̈­  ̄fiÕfl ̃Ù ±Æ ø2ß 

ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao oa­·12aaÙ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­Ù o ́Æ·21 2±Æ3ø¥ æ ́­·2a­­  ̧± ́Æ­Ù  ̈± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o 

o·­1⁄2ø¥ ø ́o· ̈­Ú 

æ ̃ —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

—21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ÆaTM·a©·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Æa1⁄2±Æo­ 

 ̈± a2­ ́Æa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧ Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 1±ø¥­Ù ø2o ­· ̈a TM·­· ̈­  ̈± 

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ a21·2a­Ù TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ o ́2oao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ 

±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 3øß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ  ́2ø22± ́21⁄2ao ø­ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo oaa3 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß ø2o 

oaø­·æ¥a ©· ̈ ̧ øTMø·¥øæ¥a Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °aÆ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ ‹—⁄Ù fiÕflÙ ±Æ ø2ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao 

oa­·12aaÙ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­Ù o ́Æ·21 2±Æ3ø¥ æ ́­·2a­­  ̧± ́Æ­Ù  ̈± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ ±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

° ́Æ°±­a ±o 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaTM·a©  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ±o 

æ±2o o ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù flŒfi 3øß °aÆ·±o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß 3±2· ̈±ÆÙ  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ oaoaÆø¥Ù Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oø ̈øæø­a­Ù ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÙ ±21±·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 

©· ̈ ̧ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

oø ̈øæø­a­ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø fl·Æ Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ fi±øÆo oø ̈øæø­a­Ú 

i ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ”± ̈±Æ a ̧·1⁄2¥a oø ̈øæø­a­Ú 

Û ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ×2 ̈aÆ2ø ̈·±2ø¥ Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 –¥ø2  ̄›fl ×Œ– ̃Ú 

i ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ⁄·­ ̧ ø2o ...·¥o¥·oa oø ̈øæø­a­Ú 

i ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ÃÆø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2 oø ̈øæø­a­Ú

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß oø ̈øæø­a­Ù ø­ øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ °aÆ3· ̈ Æa1⁄2±Æo­ ±Æ °±Æ ̈ 

ø1⁄21⁄2a­­ oø ̈øæø­a­Ú 

... ̧a2 flŒfi o·a¥o ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ù Æø·¥ ßøÆo­Ù  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù 1⁄2øÆ1± 

 ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ø2o ­ ̧·° æaÆ ̈ ̧­ o±Æ 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ 

a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧aß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± ø­­a­­ 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

o±Æ ø2ß æ±2oÛo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ù TM·ø ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ oø ̈øæø­aÙ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMao æ±2o o ́2o·21 ø2o aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a æ±2oÛo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

 ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­ øÆa o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2·21 ø2o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ 3aa ̈·21  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ú 

“± ̈ ̧·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ·­  ̈± æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́ao ø­ ¥·3· ̈·21 ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a øooa1⁄2 ̈·21 ·2 ø2ß 

©øß flŒfié­ a2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß o±Æ a2­ ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

1⁄2±3°¥·a­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø¥¥ –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ ø¥¥ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ 

a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÏÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

 ̄Ô ̃ ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a­ 

...· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o 1Æ·oÛæø­ao ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o  ́­a ±o ø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ ø2o  ́­a 1¥±æø¥ °±­· ̈·±2·21 ­ß­ ̈a3­  ̄Ÿ–Õ ̃Ù ø2o 

Æa°±Æ ̈ oø ̈øÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧a  ́­a ±o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a­ ±2 æ±2oÛo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ø2o  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥±© o±Æ Áð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo Æa1⁄2±12·¶a­  ̈ ̧a °Æ·TMø1⁄2ß 1⁄2±21⁄2aÆ2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß  ̧øTMa øæ± ́ ̈ ø2ß 

 ̈ß°a ±o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2aÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ©±Æμ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈± 

oaTMa¥±° ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 3·2·3 ́3 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 2aaoao  ̈± TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧a Áð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧·­ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ©·¥¥ æa °±­ ̈ao ±2 flŒfié­ ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ø¥¥ oø ̈ø 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao oÆ±3 ø2ß a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a 

ÆaØ ́·Æao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa °Æ±TM·oao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ±Æ · ̈­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ  ́­a ø2o ø2ø¥ß­a­Ú Õ ́1⁄2 ̧ 

oø ̈ø 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ æa ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 2 ́3æaÆ  ̄ ×“ ̃Â oø ̈aÙ  ̈·3aÙ 

ø2o o·­ ̈ø21⁄2a  ̈ÆøTMa¥ao o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æ·°Â Ÿ–Õ ¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2ø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Â a3·­­·±2­ ±Æ o ́a¥  ́­ø1a 

Æø ̈a­Â ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao oÆ±3 1ø ́1a­Ù ­a2­±Æ­Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 

‹ø ̈ø 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a­a 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa o·­1⁄2¥±­ao ±2¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

ø2o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ±Æ · ̈­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ ø­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a °Æ±TM·oao æß ¥ø©Ú Õ ́1⁄2 ̧ oø ̈ø ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

æa °Æ±TM·oao  ́°±2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a o±Æ3 ø2o o±Æ3ø ̈ ø1Æaao  ̈± æß  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·a­ ±Æ ø­ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú ¤ø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa 

ø¥¥ ­·12ø ̈±Æ·a­  ̈± ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1a  ̈ ̧a·Æ  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o·21 ø2o ø1Æaa3a2 ̈  ̈± ø¥¥±©·21  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ø2o · ̈­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao oø ̈øÚ “± ̈ ̧·21 ·2 

 ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±Æ  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́ao ·2 ø2ß ©øß ø­ ¥·3· ̈·21 flŒfi ̆­ øæ·¥· ̈ß 

 ̈± ° ́æ¥·­ ̧ ±Æ Æa¥aø­a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao oø ̈ø ±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ ±o ø2ø¥ß­a­  ́­·21  ̈ ̧a­a 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao 

oø ̈ø ·2 ­ ́33øÆß o±Æ3 ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ °aÆ­±2ø¥ ·oa2 ̈·o·aÆ­Ú ⁄±Æ ° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ù  ̨°aÆ­±2ø¥ ·oa2 ̈·o·aÆ­ ̨ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧a 2ø3a ±o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a oÆ·TMaÆ ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±°aÆø ̈±Æ ø2o  ̈ ̧a oÆ·TMaÆ ̆­ ±Æ ±°aÆø ̈±Æ ̆­  ̧±3a øooÆa­­ ·2 ø¥° ̧øÛ2 ́3aÆ·1⁄2 o±Æ3ø ̈ 

 ̄aÚ1ÚÙ Ôððð fl°°¥a ...øß ̃Ù ·o 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈aoÚ 

ÎÚ fl ́o· ̈·21 

fl ́o· ̈­ øÆa oa­·12ao  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o ́2oao 

 ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú flŒfi ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa­ 

­ ̧ø¥¥ ø ́o· ̈ ø ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

ßaøÆ  ̈± a2­ ́Æa aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa –Æ±1Æø3 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßÙ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± øTMø·¥øæ¥a 

Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÏË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

ø ̃ flŒfi ø ́o· ̈­ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

– ́Æ­ ́ø2 ̈  ̈± ÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÎÚðÓ ̄a ̃ ̄Ô ̃Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 

ø2o o·­1⁄2ø¥ ø ́o· ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­Ú 

Ã± a2­ ́Æa ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ø2o  ̈ ̧a aoo·1⁄2·a2 ̈  ́­a ±o Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ù flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥  ́­a ø Æ·­μÛæø­ao 

ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ ø ́o· ̈ o ́Æ·21 ø 1·TMa2 ßaøÆÚ 

›±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧·­ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·21 1±±o °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a © ̧a2 

ø ́o· ̈ao ©·¥¥ ¥·μa¥ß æa ø ́o· ̈ao ¥a­­ oÆaØ ́a2 ̈¥ß ·2  ̈ ̧a o ́ ̈ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ­·3·¥øÆ¥ßÛo ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧ °±±ÆaÆ ø ́o· ̈ Æa­ ́¥ ̈­Ú 

fl2ß –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ a®°a2o ±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ao ø­ ø2 øoTMaÆ­a o·2o·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ø ́o· ̈Ú Ã ̧a flŒfi 

¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa·3æ ́Æ­a flŒfi  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 

·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 ø2 øoTMaÆ­a o·2o·21Ù ±Æ 3øß ­aaμ ± ̈ ̧aÆ Æa3ao·a­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø­ 

 ̈ ̧a ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ oaa3­ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈aÚ 

Ã ̧a Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈·a­ ±o flŒfi ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa­ o ́Æ·21 ø2 ø ́o· ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao 

 ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i fl ́o· ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao ·2 ø 3ø22aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao¥a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈ß ø2o 

ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß a2 ̈Æ ́­ ̈ao  ̈± flŒfiÚ 

i flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ±°a2 1⁄2 ̧ø22a¥­ ±o 1⁄2±33 ́2·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ́2oaÆ 

ø ́o· ̈Â o±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ o ́¥¥ß a®°¥ø·2·21  ̈ ̧a ø ́o· ̈é­ ­1⁄2±°a ø2o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æa1·22·21 

±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù ·2o±Æ3·21  ̈ ̧a øooa1⁄2 ̈ao °øÆ ̈·a­ ±o °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥ ·­­ ́a­ ø­  ̈ ̧aß  ́2o±¥oÙ 

øoo±Æo·21 2 ́3aÆ± ́­ ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈·a­ o±Æ ·2° ́ ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a ø ́o· ̈Ù  ̈ ̧±Æ± ́1 ̧¥ß 

o·­1⁄2 ́­­·21 ø2ß o·2o·21­ ø2o Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a a®· ̈ ·2 ̈aÆTM·a©Ù ø2o ø¥¥±©·21 

 ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2 ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈± o±Æ3ø¥¥ß Æa­°±2o  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø ́o· ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈Ú 

i Ã± a2­ ́Æa ±æ¶a1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ø2o °Æao·1⁄2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ßÙ flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ æø­a · ̈­ o·2o·21­ ø2o 

Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­ ±2 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥­ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ù  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù Ÿa2aÆø¥¥ß 

fl1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ao fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 –Æ·21⁄2·°¥a­  ̄Ÿflfl– ̃Ù aÛ3ø·¥ 1⁄2±33 ́2·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 

ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù ø2o 

ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ±©2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i fl¥¥ o·2ø¥ ø ́o· ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈­Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ Æa­°±2­a­Ù ø2o Æa¥ø ̈ao 

o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æaøo·¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2Ú

i flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ o±¥¥±©Û ́° ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈·21 o±¥¥±©Û ́° 

ÆaTM·a©­Ù  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2ß ·oa2 ̈·o·ao oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ øÆa °Æ±3° ̈¥ß ø2o aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß 

øooÆa­­aoÚ 

Ã ̧a Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈·a­ ±o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o ́Æ·21 ø2 ø ́o· ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù 

 ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i ¤2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o·¥a­ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 øÆa Æaøo·¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± 

ø ́o· ̈ ­ ̈øooÚ 

i fl ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈Æø21⁄2a ø2o a®· ̈ ·2 ̈aÆTM·a©­ ø2o a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̈øoo ·­ 1⁄2±±°aÆø ̈·TMa ©· ̈ ̧ ø ́o· ̈ ­ ̈øooÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÏÁ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

i ›±33 ́2·1⁄2ø ̈a o ́¥¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø ́o· ̈ ­ ̈øoo  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2± ́Æ­a ±o ø2 ø ́o· ̈Ú 

i ”øμa aTMaÆß aoo±Æ ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈·21 ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a oÆ±3 flŒfi ·o 2a1⁄2a­­øÆßÙ  ̈± a2­ ́Æa 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ øÆa °Æ±3° ̈¥ß ø2o aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß Æa1⁄2 ̈·o·aoÚ 

Ã± ø­­·­ ̈ flŒfi ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ø ́o· ̈ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̈øooÙ  ́°±2 

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈Ù ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈± o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 °aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ 

¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i Ÿa2aÆø¥Ê 

Û —Æ1ø2·¶ø ̈·±2 1⁄2 ̧øÆ ̈­Ú 

Û ›±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o oa­·12ø ̈ao ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 ¥·ø·­±2­Ú 

Û ›±°·a­ ±o 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ø2o ø2ß ø3a2o3a2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

Û ›±°·a­ ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ø2ß ø3a2o3a2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

Û ›±°·a­ ±o ø2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ø2ß ø3a2o3a2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o 

­ ́æ1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ø2o 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ø2 ̈­Ú 

Û Œa°±Æ ̈­ o·¥ao ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfiÙ ·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÚ 

i fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ê 

Û Ÿa2aÆø¥ ¥ao1aÆ 1⁄2 ̧øÆ ̈ ±o ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈­Ú 

Û ›±°·a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °±¥·1⁄2·a­ ø2o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±ÆÊ 

± Œa1⁄2a·° ̈ ø2o oa°±­· ̈ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­Ú 

± ŒaTM·a©Ù ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ù ø2o °øß3a2 ̈ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2TM±·1⁄2a­Ú

± ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

± ÃÆø1⁄2μ·21 ø2o ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·21 ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

Û Œa°±Æ ̈­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 1a2aÆø¥ ¥ao1aÆ ­ ̧±©·21 Æa1⁄2a·° ̈­Ù a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­Ù ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

aøÆ2·21­Ù ø2o ø22 ́ø¥ æø¥ø21⁄2a­ o±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 

ø ́o· ̈ °aÆ·±oÚ 

Û ›±°·a­ ±o ø ́o· ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈­ 1⁄2±TMaÆ·21 o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈­Ù ±°aÆø ̈·±2­Ù ø2o ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥­ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a ø ́o· ̈ °aÆ·±oÚ 

Û fl1⁄21⁄2a­­ o ́Æ·21 o·a¥o©±Æμ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ê 

± ×2TM±·1⁄2a­Ò1⁄2¥ø·3­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 °øß3a2 ̈­Ù ø2o 

·2TM±·1⁄2a­ oÆ±3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ

± Œa1⁄2a·° ̈­Òoa°±­· ̈ ­¥·°­ ­ ̧±©·21 °øß3a2 ̈­ Æa1⁄2a·TMao oÆ±3 flŒfiÚ 

± ×2TM±·1⁄2a­ oÆ±3 ­ ́æ1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ò1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆÚ 

± ›ø21⁄2a¥ao 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­ ­ ́°°±Æ ̈·21 °øß3a2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

­ ́æ1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ò1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ø2 ̈­Ú 

± fiø2μ ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈­ ø2o Æa1⁄2±21⁄2·¥·ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a ø ́o· ̈ °aÆ·±oÚ 

i –Æ±1Æø3 Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ê 

Û Œa°±Æ ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥·­ ̈ ø¥¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3­ ­ ̧±©·21Ê 

± ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

± Õ ́æ1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ø2o 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ø2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

± ‹ø ̈a­Ù 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ 2 ́3æaÆ­Ù ø3± ́2 ̈­Ù ø2o o ́2o·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ a®°a2o· ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

± ⁄·­1⁄2ø¥ ßaøÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 Îð ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Û ›±°·a­ ±o ø2ß ø2o ø¥¥ Æa1⁄2±Æo­ °Æa°øÆao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆÙ ø2o ø2ß  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈·a­ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù ÆaTM·a©Ù ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù 

­1⁄2Æø°°ø1aÙ ±Æ °øß3a2 ̈ ­ ̈a°­Ú 

Û ›±°·a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ ÆaTM·a©Ù ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ù ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o 

­ ́æ1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ·2TM±·1⁄2a­ o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈Ú 

Û fl1⁄21⁄2a­­ o ́Æ·21 o·a¥o©±Æμ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 –Æ±1Æø3 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ê 

± ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

­ ́æ1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ò1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ø2 ̈­Ú 

± ×2TM±·1⁄2a­ oÆ±3 ­ ́æ1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ò1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆÚ 

± ŒaØ ́a­ ̈­  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈ ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2TM±·1⁄2a­Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa ̈ø·2 ø¥¥ Æa1⁄2±Æo­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̈± 3aa ̈ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø2o oaoaÆø¥ æ±2o ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

Œa ̈ø·2ao Æa1⁄2±Æo­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o·¥a ÆaTM·a©­ ±o 

ø22 ́ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈­Ù ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­ °Æ±TM·oao æß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­Ù ø2ß 

Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ́°oø ̈a­ °Æ±TM·oao æß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­Ù o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 Æa1⁄2±Æo­ ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈­ oÆ±3 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±1⁄2aao­ ©aÆa o·­æ ́Æ­aoÙ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ Æa¥aTMø2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa­  ̈± 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ Æa1⁄2±Æo­ ø­ ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

 ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ ø °±­­·æ¥a ø ́o· ̈ o±Æ ÌÎ ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a æ±2o ·­­ ́ø21⁄2a oø ̈a ø2o  ̈± ­a2o ø¥¥ 

Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̈± flŒfi æß  ̈ ̧a ¤2o ‹ø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ·2 ø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 o±Æ3ø ̈  ̈± æa 

oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß flŒfiÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈± ø¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æao Æa1⁄2±Æo­ ø2o °aÆ­±22a¥ ©· ̈ ̧ 

μ2±©¥ao1a ±o ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̈± flŒfiÙ ‹—⁄Ù fiÕflÙ ±Æ ø2ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao oa­·12aa o ́Æ·21 

2±Æ3ø¥ æ ́­·2a­­  ̧± ́Æ­Ù  ̈± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o o·­1⁄2ø¥ ø ́o· ̈­Ú 

æ ̃ flŒfi ø ́o· ̈­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

×2 1⁄2±2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø ́o· ̈­Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ±Æ ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao oa­·12aa ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± 

 ́­a ø Æ·­μÛæø­ao ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú ×o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o·­1⁄2±TMaÆ­ 

2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·­­ ́a­ ©· ̈ ̧ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

2± ̈·o·ao  ̈±  ̈øμa ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú ×o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o·­1⁄2±TMaÆ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ 

2± ̈ ·2 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a flŒfi ¤2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ‹·TM·­·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 2± ̈·o·ao 

 ̈±  ̈øμa ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a a2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

ÍÚ flŒfi Æa°±Æ ̈·21 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa Æa1 ́¥øÆ  ́°oø ̈a­ ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈­ ±2  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÎÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

ø ̃ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©aæ­· ̈a 

flŒfi ·­ 1⁄2±33· ̈ ̈ao  ̈± °Æ±TM·o·21  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©· ̈ ̧ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 Æa1øÆo·21  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o æ±2oÛ

o ́2oao °Æ±1Æø3­Ú ×2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi °±¥·1⁄2ß ø2o ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈÙ flŒfi 

­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa °aÆ·±o·1⁄2 oø ̈ø  ́°oø ̈a­ ±2 flŒfié­ –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÊ 

 ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒ13æ±2oÚ fl ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ °±­ ̈Ê 

i flŒfi ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­  ̈± ‹—⁄  ̄1⁄2±3°·¥ao oÆ±3 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°±Æ ̈­ ̃Ú 

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈­Ú 

i flŒfi ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± oaTMa¥±° ø2o 3ø·2 ̈ø·2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ —2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­a ­ ̧±©·21 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o °Æ±1Æa­­ ±2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧·­ ­aøÆ1⁄2 ̧øæ¥a ‹ø ̈øæø­a ©·¥¥ ø¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̈± o·2o ± ́ ̈ øæ± ́ ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

o ́2oao ·2 ø ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

æ ̃ fl22 ́ø¥ 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 3aa ̈·21­ 

×2 aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±Û ̧±­ ̈ ø¥±21 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·aøo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ±2a ø22 ́ø¥ 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 

3aa ̈·21  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ø2  ́°oø ̈a ±2 ø2o ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈± o·­1⁄2 ́­­ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ À°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ⁄·2ø21⁄2a 

flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o 

⁄·2ø21⁄2a  ̄‹—⁄ ̃Ù æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈­ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao æß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·aÅÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÎÚðÓ ̄o ̃ ̄Ô ̃Û ̄Ó ̃ÃÚ 

o ̃ flŒfi ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æa°øÆa ø2 ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ ±2 °Æ±1Æa­­ 3øoa  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

Åÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÈÚÎÃÚ Ã ̧·­ Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́Æa ø2o ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21 3·2·3 ́3 a¥a3a2 ̈­Ê 

i ‹a­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o ́2oao æß  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ê 

Û fl3± ́2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈aoÚ 

Û ‘±1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

Û ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­Ú 

Û Ã ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù °·a1⁄2a­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ­ ̧·° æaÆ ̈ ̧­Ù a ̈1⁄2ÚÙ a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈± æa 

 ́°oø ̈aoÚ 

Û ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMao ±Æ a®°a1⁄2 ̈aoÚ 

Û fl2ß 1⁄2 ̧ø21a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2±°a ±Æ ø©øÆo ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ o ́2o­ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈aoÙ ±æ¥·1ø ̈aoÙ ø2o a®°a2oao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3  ̈± oø ̈aÚ 

i fl1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́2oaÆ ̈øμa2  ̈± a2­ ́Æa ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÛo ́2oao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa æa·21 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao 

·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß oø­ ̧·±2 ø2o ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a æ ́o1a ̈ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÎÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

ÈÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 

–Æ·±Æ  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3øμa ø 

Æaø­±2øæ¥a aoo±Æ ̈  ̈± ©±Æμ ©· ̈ ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̈øoo  ̈± øooÆa­­ ø2o Æa­±¥TMa ø2ß ·­­ ́aÆa¥ø ̈·21  ̈± –Æ±1Æø3 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a 

© ̧ø ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ©·¥¥  ̈øμa  ̈± ±æ¥·1ø ̈a ø2oÒ±Æ ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ±Æ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß oaøo¥·2a­Ù ·o · ̈ ø°°aøÆ­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß æa  ́2¥·μa¥ß  ̈± 3aa ̈ 

 ̈ ̧±­a oaøo¥·2a­Ú 

ø ̃ “±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a o·2o·21 

×o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ·oa2 ̈·o·a­ ·2­ ̈ø21⁄2a­ ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·­­ ́a 

ø ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a o·2o·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù ·­­ ́a­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2ß ±2a ±Æ 

3±Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 øÆaø­Ê 

i ”·­ ́­a ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o·21 ±o ·2a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ · ̈a3­Ú 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ±Æ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­Ú 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ±æ¥·1ø ̈a ±Æ a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao  ̈·3a¥·2a­Ú 

i ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ±Æ ©·oa­°Æaøo oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ±TMaÆ­·1 ̧ ̈Ù 

a2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa1⁄2±Æo μaa°·21Ù 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ù ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ø ́o· ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Ù 

±Æ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ –Æ±1Æø3 a¥a3a2 ̈ ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 

i ¤®1⁄2aao·21 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa o ́2o ø¥¥± ̈3a2 ̈Ú 

i ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ±Æ oø ́¥ ̈ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ÆaØ ́·Æao o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±Æ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß flŒfiÙ ‹—⁄Ù ±Æ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÚ 

i –±±Æ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß ø2 ø ́o· ̈ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao æß flŒfiÙ ‹—⁄ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

oa­·12ø ̈ao ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±ÆÚ 

æ ̃ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°aø¥ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 

À°±2 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ø 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a o·2o·21Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̈øoo ±Æ 3ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ 3øß 

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø 3aa ̈·21 ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi 3ø2ø1a3a2 ̈  ̈± o·­° ́ ̈a ±Æ o·­1⁄2 ́­­  ̈ ̧a TMø¥·o· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 2±2Û

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a o·2o·21Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a o·­ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a TMø¥·o· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 

o·2o·21 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa Æa­±¥TMao ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 3ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ ¥aTMa¥Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ 3øß 

ø°°aø¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆÙ ±Æ  ̧·­ ±Æ  ̧aÆ oa­·12ø ̈ao Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMaÙ © ̧±­a 

oa1⁄2·­·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa o·2ø¥ ø2o æ·2o·21Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÎÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

1⁄2 ̃ Œa3ao·a­ o±Æ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 

 ̄Ô ̃ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±æø ̈·±2 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±2 °Æ±æø ̈·±2 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ø 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 

o·2o·21 ·­ ­a2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±2 °Æ±æø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ oaTMa¥±° ø 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 °¥ø2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ æa 

­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao  ̈± flŒfi ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ìð oøß­ ±o Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a o·2o·21 oÆ±3 

flŒfiÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø°°Æ±TMa ±Æ o·­ø°°Æ±TMa ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 °¥ø2 

©· ̈ ̧·2 Ìð ©±Æμ·21 oøß­ ±o Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ Ã± æa 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao o±Æ ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ù 

 ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 °¥ø2 3 ́­ ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa øoaØ ́ø ̈aÙ a®°ao· ̈·± ́­Ù ø2o a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a 

1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈­  ̈± øooÆa­­  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±æ¥a3­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈·3aoÆø3a­ 

 ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a aø1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈Ú 

×o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 °¥ø2 ·­ ø°°Æ±TMaoÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±TMao 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 °¥ø2Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈·3a¥·2a­Ù  ̈± 

oa ̈aÆ3·2a © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3a ̈ · ̈­ 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈­ ø2o o ́¥¥ß øooÆa­­ao  ̈ ̧a ·­­ ́ao±Æ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ · ̈ ©ø­ °¥ø1⁄2ao ±2 °Æ±æø ̈·±2Ú flŒfi 3øß ø¥­± ·3°±­a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù 

oa°a2o·21  ́°±2  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2±°a ±Æ ­aTMaÆ· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 2±2Û1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ 

–Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

“± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ±2a ßaøÆ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ ±Æ·1·2ø¥¥ß °¥ø1⁄2ao ±2 °Æ±æø ̈·±2Ù 

flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ o± ±2a ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ flŒfiÙ ·2 · ̈­ ­±¥a o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2Ù oaa3­ 

ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈aÊ 

i Œa3±TMa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß oÆ±3 °Æ±æø ̈·±2 oa­·12ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ŒaÛoa­·12ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±2 °Æ±æø ̈·±2 o±Æ ø °aÆ·±o ±o  ́°  ̈± ±2a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ßaøÆÚ 

i ŒaÛoa­·12ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±2 °Æ±æø ̈·±2 o±Æ ø °aÆ·±o ±o  ́°  ̈± ±2a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ßaøÆÙ 

ø2o ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥Ù ±Æ ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±oÙ  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21  ́2­°a2 ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 

o±Æ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa æß flŒfi ø2oÒ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °¥ ́­ ø2ß  ́2­°a2 ̈ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ øÆa 

a· ̈ ̧aÆÊ 

Û Œa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao æß flŒfiÙ ±Æ 

Û ŒaTMaÆ ̈ æø1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±Æ ̈­ ×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ßÙ ø2o fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß 

×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈Ú 

flŒfi 3øß ø¥­± ÆaØ ́·Æa ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ±2 °Æ±æø ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±Æ ­ ̈·° ́¥ø ̈·±2­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± o ́ ̈ ́Æa flŒfi a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­  ́2oaÆ a®·­ ̈·21 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ̄­ ̃Ù ±Æ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± flŒfi 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o o ́ ̈ ́Æa ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

×o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 °¥ø2 ·­ o·­ø°°Æ±TMao æß flŒfi ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̧øTMa Ìð oøß­  ̈± ÆaTM·­a  ̈ ̧a °¥ø2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ù ø2o 

Æa­ ́æ3· ̈ · ̈  ̈± flŒfiÚ flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø°°Æ±TMa  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 °¥ø2 ø­ ÆaÛ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧·2 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÎÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Ìð oøß­Ù ±Æ oaTMa¥±° ø Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2  ̈± ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥Ù ±Æ ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±oÙ  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa æß flŒfi ø2oÒ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °¥ ́­ ø2ß 

 ́2­°a2 ̈ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ øÆa a· ̈ ̧aÆÊ 

i Œa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao æß flŒfiÙ ±Æ 

i ŒaTMaÆ ̈ æø1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±Æ ̈­ ×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ßÙ ø2o fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß 

×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3øμa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈± ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ °Æ±æø ̈·±2øÆß ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2Ú 

 ̄Ó ̃ ⁄ ́2o ÆaTMaÆ­·±2 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ø ́ ̈±3ø ̈·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ÆaTMaÆ ̈ æø1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±Æ ̈­ ×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ßÙ 

ø2o fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß ×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ê 

i ⁄ ́2o­  ̧a¥o æß flŒfi ÆaTMaÆ ̈ ·o flŒfi o±a­ 2± ̈ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a o ́2o­ ±Æ ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈a o ́2o­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 

oaøo¥·2a­ ­a ̈ o±Æ ̈ ̧ ·2 Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o­  ̧a¥o æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaTMaÆ ̈ ·o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±a­ 2± ̈ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a o ́2o­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 

 ̈©± ßaøÆ­ ±o a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·21 ø 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfiÙ ±Æ a®°a2o o ́2o­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 o± ́Æ 

ßaøÆ­ ±o ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß Æa ̈ ́Æ2  ́2 ́­ao o ́2o­ ø ̧aøo ±o  ̈ ̧a ÆaTMaÆ­·±2 

oaøo¥·2a ·o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±21⁄2¥ ́oa­ · ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ ­°a2o  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­ o±Æ ø2ß Æaø­±2Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o­  ̧a¥o æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß øÆa Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧oÆø©­ oÆ±3 

 ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ±Æ · ̈­ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ·­  ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈aoÙ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ Õ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ù 

·ÆÆa­°a1⁄2 ̈·TMa ±o © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­  ̧øTMa æaa2 ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ ßa ̈ a®°a2oaoÚ 

fl¥¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÆaTMaÆ ̈ æø1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±Æ ̈­ ×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ßÙ ø2o 

fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß ×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈ øÆa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ÆaÛø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a ‘a1·­¥ø ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

flŒfi ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ øÆa Æa¥aø­ao oÆ±3 o ́2o·21 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈­ ·2 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ±Æ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÙ o±Æ ø2ß ø2o ø¥¥ o ́2o­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ÆaTMaÆ ̈ao æø1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

–±Æ ̈­ ×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ßÙ ø2o fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß ×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈Ú Ã ̧·­ Æa¥aø­a o±a­ 

2± ̈ ø°°¥ß  ̈± ø2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß  ̧øTMa ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆ ±Æ ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­Ú 

 ̄Ì ̃ ⁄ ́ ̈ ́Æa 1Æø2 ̈ ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈·afl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­  ̈Æø1⁄2μ Æa1⁄2±Æo ·2 øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ø oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ·2 flŒfié­ 

1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ o ́ ̈ ́Æa o ́2o­Ú 

flŒfi 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±Æ °Æ·±Æ °Æ±æø ̈·±2 oa­·12ø ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß 

©· ̈ ̧ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±Æ ­ ̈·° ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù °Æ·±Æ  ̈± flŒfi 1⁄2±2­·oaÆø ̈·±2 ±o o ́ ̈ ́Æa o·­1⁄2ø¥ 

ßaøÆ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú Ã ̧·­ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

i ¤®1⁄2¥ ́­·±2 ±o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß oÆ±3 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́a  ̈± °ø­ ̈ 2±2Û

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·­­ ́a­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ÎÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

i fiø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2  ̈ß°a­ ø2o ­aÆ·± ́­2a­­ ±o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ °ø­ ̈ 2±2Û

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·­­ ́a­Ù ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ ±2 o ́ ̈ ́Æa 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o·21 ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈·a­Ù ¥aTMa¥­Ù 

TM±¥ ́3a ̄­ ̃Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃Ù ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß flŒfi ±2 ø 1⁄2ø­aÛæßÛ1⁄2ø­a æø­·­Ú 

i Ã ̧a  ̈Æø1⁄2μ Æa1⁄2±Æo ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ø¥­± æa 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao æß flŒfi ·2 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈·21 

· ̈­ ø ́o· ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

ËÚ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 

–Æ·±Æ  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3øμa ø 

Æaø­±2øæ¥a aoo±Æ ̈  ̈± ©±Æμ ©· ̈ ̧ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̈øoo  ̈± øooÆa­­ ø2o Æa­±¥TMa ø2ß ·­­ ́aÆa¥ø ̈·21  ̈± –Æ±1Æø3 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·­­ ́a ø ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a o·2o·21 ·o flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ·oa2 ̈·o·a­ ·2­ ̈ø21⁄2a­ ±o 

2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÚ 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù ·­­ ́a­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2ß ±2a ±Æ 

3±Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 øÆaø­Ê 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ±Æ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­Ú 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ±æ¥·1ø ̈a ±Æ a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao  ̈·3a¥·2a­Ù ±Æ  ̈± ­ ̧±© 

 ̈·3a¥ß ·2 ̈aÆ·3 °Æ±1Æa­­  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a­a  ̈·3a¥·2a­Ú 

i ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ±Æ ©·oa­°Æaøo oao·1⁄2·a21⁄2·a­ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ±TMaÆ­·1 ̧ ̈Ù 

a2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa1⁄2±Æo μaa°·21Ù 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ù ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ø ́o· ̈ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ 

±Æ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ –Æ±1Æø3 a¥a3a2 ̈ ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß flŒfiÚ 

i ”·­ ́­a ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o·21 ±o ·2a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ · ̈a3­Ú 

i ¤®1⁄2aao·21 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa o ́2o ø¥¥± ̈3a2 ̈Ú 

i ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ±Æ oø ́¥ ̈ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ÆaØ ́·Æao o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±Æ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao oÆ±3 flŒfiÙ ‹—⁄Ù ±Æ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÚ 

i –±±Æ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao æß ø2 ø ́o· ̈ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao æß flŒfiÙ ‹—⁄Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

oa­·12aaÚ 

Œa3ao·a­ o±Æ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

i Œa1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o o ́2oi ›±2­ ̈Æø·2 ̈­ ±2 ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ o ́ ̈ ́Æa –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÎÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ –Æ±°±­ø¥ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥¥ß Æa1·­ ̈aÆ ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a 2± ̈·1⁄2a ±o o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̄“—⁄fl ̃ æao±Æa ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈·21 ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

“± ̈aÊ Õ·21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ©·¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa ø ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥ ·2TMa­ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈·3a æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßÙ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo a21⁄2± ́Æø1a­ aø1⁄2 ̧ a2 ̈· ̈ß  ̈± 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈ aøÆ¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo Æa1øÆo·21 

· ̈­ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø2o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈± Ø ́ø¥·oß ø­ ø2 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈Ú

flÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

×2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø­ ÆaØ ́·Æao æß  ̈ ̧a 

“—⁄fl ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ o±Æ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo  ̈± ø­­a­­  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈· ̈ßé­ Ø ́ø¥·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø­ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßÙ 

æß  ̈ ̧a oaøo¥·2a ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a “—⁄flÚ 

ÔÚ ¤®·­ ̈·21 ±Æ Æa ̈ ́Æ2·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øTMa ­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥¥ß Æa1·­ ̈aÆao ø­ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

o±Æ °ø­ ̈ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a­ o± 2± ̈ 2aao  ̈± Æa­ ́æ3· ̈ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a­a 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ê 

i ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ ±o ·2 ̈a2 ̈  ̈± flŒfi  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ß1⁄2¥a ̄­ ̃ 

ø22± ́21⁄2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a “—⁄flÚ 

i fl2ß ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

i fl2ß øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 

ÓÚ “a© ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øTMa 2± ̈ °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ß Æa1·­ ̈aÆao ø­ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ̈± oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈± flŒfi  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß øÆa a¥·1·æ¥a 

 ̈± ø°°¥ß ø­ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ßÚ Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù 

 ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i Ãß°a ±o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̄ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈Ù ­aø°±Æ ̈Ù  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2 ø1a21⁄2ßÙ a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i ÷ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 1a±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 æ± ́2oøÆ·a­ ø2o  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

i ”·­­·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±Æ ° ́Æ°±­aÚ 

i Ÿa2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈· ̈ß  ̄ ̈± ̈ø¥ æ ́o1a ̈Ù ±TMaÆø¥¥ ©±Æμ °¥ø2 ±Æ °Æ±1Æø3Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i ‘a1ø¥ 1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2­ ø2o  ̈a® ̈ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a ¥a1ø¥ 

ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø Æa1·±2ø¥ ­1⁄2ø¥a ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3 o±Æ oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ê °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2Ù 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·±2 o±Æ o ́2o·21Ù o ́2o·21 ø©øÆo­Ù 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø1⁄2Æ±­­  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈·Æa  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ 

© ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß ·­ æø­aoÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÎÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

i fl oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o  ̧±©  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß ·­ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2 oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ±Æ ø·Æ 

Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈Ù ø­ ÆaØ ́·Æao æß  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈aÚ 

Ã ̧·­ oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈· ̈ßé­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 Æ±¥a­Ù ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈·a­Ù Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈·a­Ù 

ø2o ø22 ́ø¥ æ ́o1a ̈ o±Æ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i fl ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ø­  ̈± © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß o ́¥o·¥¥­  ̈ ̧a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ Ø ́ø¥·o·a­ ø­ ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ æa1⁄2ø ́­a · ̈Ê 

Û ×­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ±°aÆø ̈·21 ø oÆa·1 ̧ ̈ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ß  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ ­aø°±Æ ̈ ±Æ 

ø·Æ°±Æ ̈ ̃Â ±Æ 

Û ÿø­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß o±Æ oa­·12·21 ø2o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ­ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­ ø2oÒ±Æ °¥ø2­  ̈± 

Æao ́1⁄2a a3·­­·±2­ ±Æ  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ oÆ±3 ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ø2o ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß 3ø2ø1a3a2 ̈ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ̃Â ±Æ 

Û ÿø­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß o±Æ °¥ø22·21 ø2o o ́2o·21 Æa1·±2ø¥ 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ 

·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ Æa1·±2ø¥  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2 °¥ø22·21 ø1a21⁄2ß ̃Ú 

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈ß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa ø2ß øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 2± ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao øæ±TMa 

 ́°±2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ æß flŒfiÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥¥ß Æa1·­ ̈aÆ ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o ø 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

ÌÚ “a© Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ø ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3 ±2¥ßÙ ø2ß Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 flŒfiÙ ·­ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± ø°°¥ß o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21Ú fl¥¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

°Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·2  ̈ ̧a “—⁄fl  ̈± Æa1·­ ̈aÆÚ 

fiÚ ‘a1ø¥ ø2o –Æ±1Æø3 Œa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

×2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ o ́2o·21Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©± ́¥o 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø2o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú Ã ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 

o·­1⁄2 ́­­a­  ̈ ̧a ¥a1ø¥ ø2o –Æ±1Æø3 Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2 a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

ÔÚ ‘a1ø¥ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©± ́¥o ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 2± ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 Åÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÎÚÎ ̄ø ̃ ̄Ô ̃ÃÚ  ̨“± ̈ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ̨ 3aø2­  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ øÆa 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æao 

° ́Æ­ ́ø2 ̈  ̈± ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ±Æ oaoaÆø¥ ¥ø©Ù Æ ́¥aÙ ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Â ø2ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

·3°±­ao æß  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß fl1⁄2 ̈  ̄›¤œfl ̃Â ±Æ ø2ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

·3°±­ao æß ø ¥a1ø¥ ·2­ ̈Æ ́3a2 ̈ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ø ¥a1ø¥ ­a ̈ ̈¥a3a2 ̈ ±Æ 1⁄2±2­a2 ̈ oa1⁄2Æaa  ̄1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß 

ÆaoaÆÆao  ̈± ø­  ̨¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ̨ ̃Ú ⁄±Æ ° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ±2¥ßÙ  ̨2± ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a 

ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ̨ o±a­ 2± ̈ ø°°¥ß  ̈± ø2ß  ̈øÆ·ooÙ ±Æo·2ø21⁄2aÙ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ ·3°±­ao æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ̆­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß ø­ ø 

3øÆμa ̈ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø2 ̈ ±Æ 3 ́2·1⁄2·°ø¥ °Æ±°Æ·a ̈±Æ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ̆­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± a2 ̈aÆ ·2 ̈± 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ø2o ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÎË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 øÆa a®ø3°¥a­ ±o ¥ø©­ ±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a æa a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú Õ ́æÛ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄o ̃ æa¥±© 

o·­1⁄2 ́­­a­ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß æa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± o ́ ̈ ́Æa flŒfi 

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ú 

ø ̃ ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ 3· ̈·1ø ̈·±2 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ±Æ a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æao ø­ ø ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß fl1⁄2 ̈  ̄›¤œfl ̃ ±Æ “ø ̈·±2ø¥ 

¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ –±¥·1⁄2ß fl1⁄2 ̈  ̄“¤–fl ̃ 3· ̈·1ø ̈·±2 3aø­ ́Æa ·2 ø 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao ›¤œfl ±Æ “¤–fl 

o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈Ú 

æ ̃ Œø·¥Æ±øo ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ 

⁄±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ù  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ÆaØ ́·Æa­ flŒfi  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o æa ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ 

2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ­ø ̈·­oß ø2ß 3ø2oø ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈  ́2oaÆ ø2 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

æa ̈©aa2 ø Æø·¥Æ±øo 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ø2o ø ­ ̈ø ̈a ±Æ oaoaÆø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ±Æ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 

Åÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÎÚÎ ̄ø ̃ ̄Ó ̃ ̄fi ̃ÃÚ 

flŒfi  ̧ø­ ­·12ao  ̈©± ”a3±Æø2oø ±o À2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o·21  ̄”—À ̃ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ›¥ø­­ × Æø·¥Æ±øo­ ä 

À2·±2 –ø1⁄2·o·1⁄2  ̄À– ̃ ø2o fi ́Æ¥·21 ̈±2 “±Æ ̈ ̧aÆ2ÛÕø2 ̈ø ⁄a  ̄fi“Õ⁄ ̃ ä  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2­ 

ø2o  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μ­ oÆ±3 ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ±°aÆø ̈·±2­Ú –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ æa  ́­ao o±Æ ·o¥a 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±2 ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­  ̄ÆaØ ́·Æao æß  ̈ ̧a ÓððÎ ”—À ̃ ±Æ o±Æ 1⁄2¥aø2aÆ 

¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ 1⁄2Æao· ̈ao  ̈±©øÆo­  ̈ ̧a Æø·¥Æ±øo­é 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ÓðÔð o¥aa ̈ øTMaÆø1a 

a3·­­·±2 ­ ̈ø2oøÆo o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Õ± ́ ̈ ̧ ›±ø­ ̈ fl·Æ fiø­·2  ̄ÆaØ ́·Æao æß  ̈ ̧a ÔÁÁË ”—À ̃Ú 

‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa Æa°±©aÆ­ ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1± æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a · ̈a3·¶ao ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a­a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ æ±2o o ́2o·21Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ ¤®·­ ̈·21 flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ±Æ a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

øÆa  ́­ao  ̈± o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ a®·­ ̈·21 Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ú Ã ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2±Ûo ́2o a¥·1·æ¥a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± a®·­ ̈·21 ±Æ o ́ ̈ ́Æa Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù æ ́ ̈ ±2¥ß ·o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́°1ÆøoaøÆa aøÆ¥ß  ̄1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø ­a ̈  ̈·3a °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a oø ̈a ̃ ±Æ a® ̈Æø  ̄ ̈ ̧a  ́°1Æøoa 3 ́­ ̈ 

1± æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù ø­ °Æ±TM·oao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ̃Ú 

¤®·­ ̈·21 flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·aø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i “a©  ̧aøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­ ä ¤® ̧ø ́­ ̈ ¤3·­­·±2­ Õ ̈ø2oøÆo­ ø2o Ãa­ ̈ 

–Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ÛÔÁËÎ ø2o Õ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ ”±oa¥ ÿaøTMßÛ‹ ́ ̈ß ¤21·2a­ ø2o a ̧·1⁄2¥a­  ̄›±oa 

±o Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̄››Œ ̃Ù  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ Ô yÔÁÎÍÚË ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÎÁ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

i ×2Û ́­a ±2ÛÆ±øo  ̧aøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ø2o æ ́­a­ ä Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2  ̈± Œao ́1⁄2a ¤3·­­·±2­ ±o 

‹·a­a¥ –øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a ”ø ̈ ̈aÆÙ —®·oa­ ±o “· ̈Æ±1a2 ø2o — ̈ ̧aÆ ›Æ· ̈aÆ·ø –±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­ oÆ±3

×2Û ́­a ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥Ûo ́a¥ao a ̧·1⁄2¥a­  ̄››ŒÙ  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÙ øÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a ÏÚÎÙ 

yÓðÓÎ ̃Ú 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­aÆTM·21 °±Æ ̈­ ø2o ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ ä ×2ÛÀ­a —2ÛŒ±øo ‹·a­a¥Û⁄ ́a¥ao 

ÿaøTMßÛ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹Æøßø1a ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄››ŒÙ  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÙ øÆ ̈·1⁄2¥a Ì yÓðÓÈ ̃Ú 

i ÿaøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ·o¥·21 ä ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈± Œao ́1⁄2a ×o¥·21 ¤3·­­·±2­ oÆ±3 “a© ø2o 

×2ÛÀ­a ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­Ù fia1·22·21 ·2 ÓððË  ̄››ŒÙ  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ yÔÁÎÍÚËÙ yÓÏðÏÙ yÓÏÓÏÙ 

yÓÏÓÎÙ ø2o yÓÏËÎ ̃Ú 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ­3±μa ø2o a3·­­·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ä ÿaøTMßÛ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ Õ3±μa 

¤3·­­·±2 Ãa­ ̈·21Ù ø2o ÿaøTMßÛ‹ ́ ̈ß a ̧·1⁄2¥a ¤3·­­·±2 ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ Õß­ ̈a3 ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­

 ̄››ŒÙ  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÌÚÎÙ yyÓÔËðÛÓÔËÁ ̃ ø2o –aÆ·±o·1⁄2 Õ3±μa 

×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±o ÿaøTMßÛ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ –±©aÆao a ̧·1⁄2¥a­  ̄››ŒÙ  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ 

1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÌÚÍÙ yyÓÔÁðÛÓÔÁÏ ̃Ú 

i ›øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ä Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 o±Æ ”±æ·¥a ›øÆ1± ÿø2o¥·21 ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ø ̈ 

–±Æ ̈­ ø2o ×2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Œø·¥ «øÆo­  ̄››ŒÙ  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ o·TM·­·±2 ÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ Ô yÓÏÈÁ ̃Ú 

i Õ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧  ̄­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ ̃ ä fl·Ææ±Æ2a Ã±®·1⁄2 ›±2 ̈Æ±¥ ”aø­ ́Æa o±Æ fl ́®·¥·øÆß ‹·a­a¥ 

¤21·2a­ —°aÆø ̈ao ±2 —1⁄2aø2ÛŸ±·21 a­­a¥­ fl ̈ÛfiaÆ ̈ ̧ ·2 ø ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±Æ ̈  ̄››ŒÙ 

 ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÎÚÔÙ yÓÓÁÁÚÌ ø2o  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÈÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÙ ­ ́æ1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÈÚÎÙ yÁÌÔÔËÚÌ ̃Ú 

i ›±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ a21·2a­ ä ¤3·­­·±2 ‘·3· ̈­ ø2o ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ ‹·a­a¥ 

¤21·2a­ ±2 ›±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥ ÿøÆæ±Æ ›Æøo ̈ —°aÆø ̈ao ...· ̈ ̧·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ...ø ̈aÆ­ ø2o ÓÏ 

“ø ́ ̈·1⁄2ø¥ ”·¥a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø fiø­a¥·2a  ̄››ŒÙ  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÌÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÎÚÔÙ yÓÓÁÁÚÎ ø2o 

 ̈· ̈¥a ÈÙ 1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÙ ­ ́æ1⁄2 ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÈÚÎÙ yÁÌÔÔËÚÎ ̃Ú 

×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 Æa1øÆo·21 a®·­ ̈·21 flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ 1⁄2ø2 æa 

o± ́2o ±2  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 flŒfi ©aæ­· ̈aÊ  ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒo·a­a¥Ò3±æ·¥aÚ ̧ ̈3Ù ±Æ ·2  ̈ ̧a 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ›±oa ±o Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a —oo·1⁄2a ±o flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ‘ø©Ê 

 ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©Ú±ø¥Ú1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒ1⁄21⁄2ÆÚ ̧ ̈3Ú 

o ̃ À°1⁄2±3·21 flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø2o a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́°1Æøoa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ø o ́ ̈ ́Æa flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2  ́°  ́2 ̈·¥  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o fi±øÆo ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± øo±° ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Ú 

fl­ ±o  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o fi±øÆo ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ±2¥ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ 

æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa a®a3° ̈ oÆ±3 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2  ̈·3·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ ­°a1⁄2·o·ao 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ±Æ ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a øo±° ̈ao 

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a oø ̈a o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́°1Æøoa ̃Ú 

—21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo  ̧ø­  ̈øμa2 ø1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ø°°Æ±TMa ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2Ù ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2  ̈·3·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1± æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a 

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 Æa1øÆo·21  ́°1⁄2±3·21 flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­ 1⁄2ø2 æa 

o± ́2o ±2  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 flŒfi ©aæ­· ̈aÊ  ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒo·a­a¥Ò3±æ·¥aÚ ̧ ̈3Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Íð ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

ÓÚ –Æ±1Æø3 Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈Ù ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ù ø2o o ́2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ oÆ±3 ø¥¥ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ © ̧± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù 

­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ø2o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú “± ̈©· ̈ ̧­ ̈ø2o·21  ̈ ̧a øæ±TMaÙ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß a®1⁄2¥ ́oa oÆ±3 o ́2o·21 a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ø2ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ © ̧±  ̧ø­ ø 

oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈ao ·2øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± 3aa ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ °Æ±°±­a ±Æ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø2ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ·21⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ 

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21Ù æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°¥ß·21 o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ ¥·3· ̈  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ o ́2o­  ̈± ±2¥ß 

1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ 

øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈·Æa o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ø °ÆaoaÆÆao ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥Ù 1⁄2±3°ø2ßÙ 

æ ́­·2a­­ a2 ̈· ̈ßÙ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ oao·2ao 1Æ± ́° ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­Ú 

i — ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú›ÚÏÚÙ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±°aÆø ̈a­ ­±¥a¥ß ±Æ °Æ·3øÆ·¥ß 

©· ̈ ̧·2 · ̈­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2ø¥ æ± ́2oøÆ·a­Ú 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æao ±Æ ­±¥o æß ø ­°a1⁄2·o·ao 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ±Æ 1⁄2±3°ø2·a­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥¥±© ø¥¥ a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2­ 

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ¥aTMa¥ oa ̈ø·¥ao ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­  ̈± 

1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21Ú 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ­±¥o æß ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

oaø¥aÆ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ TMa2oaÆ ©· ̈ ̧ ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ ”—À  ̈± o± °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ °Æ±°±­a ±Æ ø¥¥±© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ¥a­­ 

 ̈·3a ·2 øoTMø21⁄2a ±o ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø2 °Æ±TM·oao o±Æ ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ ·3°±­a  ̈ÆøTMa¥ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2 –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a ±°aÆø ̈·21 ¥·3· ̈ø ̈·±2­ oao·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o ø2ß ø°°Æ±TMao 

ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú›ÚÏÚ ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2ø22± ̈ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄±Æ ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ̃ ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ±Æ ¥·2aÛ ̧ø ́¥ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­  ̈± ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø 

­·21¥a 1⁄2· ̈ßÙ 1⁄2± ́2 ̈ßÙ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈Ù ø·Æ æø­·2Ù  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ ±Æ ­·3·¥øÆ 1a±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 øÆaø 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ ­3ø¥¥aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a o± ́Æ  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÚ 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ o ́2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ oø·¥·21  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a 3·2·3 ́3 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao ·2 fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛ⁄Ú ×2 1⁄2±2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

3·2·3 ́3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ o ́2o  ̧·1 ̧aÆ 

a3· ̈ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù °øß 3±Æa °aÆ °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù 3±o·oß  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ±° ̈·±2­Ù 

Æa3±TMa  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù ±Æ Æa¥ø®  ̈ ̧a ±°aÆø ̈·21 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ø­ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2Ú 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ ·3°±­a 2±2Ûø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̄¥·μa oaa­ ±Æ a3°¥±ßaa 

oÆ·TMaÆ­ ̃ ±2 –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

›Ú –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­ o±Æ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2·aÀ2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ù ø ç¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈å ·­ oao·2ao ø­  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÛ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 

·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±°±­a­  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21Ú 

Ã ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ¥·3· ̈ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ·2 

±2a ±Æ 3±Æa  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú ¤®1⁄2a° ̈ ø­ °Æ±TM·oao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ­ ×××ÚfiÚÔÚ ø2o ×××ÚfiÚÓÚÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a  ̈ ̧a·Æ °Æ±°±­ø¥ ̄­ ̃ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ æß ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈·21 

ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­ ¥·­ ̈ao æa¥±©Ù ·o 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß ­ ̈ø ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o 

ø°°Æ±TMao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øßÙ ø ̈ · ̈­ o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2Ù a®°ø2o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ¥·­ ̈ ±o ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 

øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ · ̈a3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o± 2± ̈ o ́2oø3a2 ̈ø¥¥ß ø¥ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·øÙ 

 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ù ±Æ  ̈ ̧a aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o 

 ̈ ̧±­a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ·2 Æao ́1⁄2·21 a3·­­·±2­Ú 

ÔÚ Ãa1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMaÃ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈Ù aTMø¥ ́ø ̈aÙ ø2o o ́2o ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ø¥¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ 

©· ̈ ̧·2 ø o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a · ̈­ °Æ±°±­ø¥ æß 

·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈·21 ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ø°°Æ±TMao  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­Ê 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ±ooaÆ 2±2Û–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­ 

ø2 a3·­­·±2­ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ­ ̈ø2oøÆo  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa­ ¥±©aÆ a3·­­·±2­  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a 

­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù °Æ±TM·oao  ̈ ̧a  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­ ̈ø2oøÆo ·­ 

oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈aoÙ TMaÆ·o·ao æß flŒfi  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃ ø2o 1⁄2±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥aÚ Ã ̧·­ 

ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa ·­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ê 

Û Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ±ooaÆ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ø ̈ ø ¥aTMa¥ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a®1⁄2aao­  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø°­ ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

Û Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3aa ̈·21 ¥±©aÆ a3·­­·±2 ­ ̈ø2oøÆo­ 

 ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a a3·­­·±2­ ¥aTMa¥­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

Û Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ °Æ±°±­a  ̈± Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21  ̈± 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ́ ̈·¥·¶a  ̈ ̧a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o ́2o·21  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±©aÆ a3·­­·±2 

­ ̈ø2oøÆo­  ̄·ÚaÚÙ ø2ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­  ̈ ̧a 3·2·3 ́3 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 

øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ̃Ú 

⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2± ́¥o °Æ±°±­a ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±1Æø3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa æ ́ ̈ 

±ooaÆ­ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o ́2o­ o±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ 1ø­Â ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 °øß·21  ́° 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3  ̧ÍðÙððð °aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±TM·o·21 o ́2o·21 oÆ±3 

ø2± ̈ ̧aÆÙ 2±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ·21⁄2Æa3a2 ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o 2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ 1ø­Ú ⁄±¥¥±©·21 flŒfi 

ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±©aÆ a3·­­·±2 2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ 1ø­ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ ø­ ©a¥¥ 

ø­  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ ¥·­ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ±ooaÆ 2±2Û–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 

±Æ  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a­  ̄¥·μa 1¥±æø¥ °±­· ̈·±2·21 ­ß­ ̈a3­  ̄Ÿ–Õ ̃ ±Æ Æøo·±ÛoÆaØ ́a21⁄2ß 

·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̄Œ⁄×‹ ̃ oaTM·1⁄2a­ ̃Ú ×2  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø­aÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± 3±2· ̈±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± 3øμa °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o±Æ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a oø ̈ø 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao ±2 ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù 

TMa­­a¥­ ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o °aÆ·±o·1⁄2 oø ̈ø Æa°±Æ ̈­Ú 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ±ooaÆ 2±2Û–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ß  ́°1Æøoa­Ù 

¥·μa øaÆ±oß2ø3·1⁄2 oaTM·1⁄2a­ ±2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

ÓÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­ ø2o  ́­a ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æfl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ ·­ oao·2ao ø­  ̈ ̧a 3a1⁄2 ̧ø2·­3 ̄­ ̃ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ø 

­·21¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ 1Æø2 ̈­  ̈± 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆ­ o±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o  ̈±  ̧·Æa ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß  ̈± Æ ́2 

ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ °Æ±1Æø3Ú ¤ø1⁄2 ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a ·­ ø2 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a · ̈­ °Æ±°±­ø¥ æß ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈·21 ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21 ø°°Æ±TMao ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­ ø2o  ́­a ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ù ·o 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß ­ ̈ø ̈ao 

·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø°°Æ±TMao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÊ 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a ø 1⁄2±3æ·2ø ̈·±2 ±o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­  ̈±  ̈øÆ1a ̈ 

Æa1⁄2Æ ́· ̈3a2 ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±o o ́2o­ o±Æ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ø°°¥ß o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± æa øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao ·2 o ́¥¥ ±Æ ·2 °øÆ ̈ æß 

ø  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±Æ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ù æ ́ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa ̈ø·2 o ́¥¥ Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o oaøo¥·2a­ ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfiÚ fl2ß  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß ±TMaÆ ̧aøo ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

1⁄2± ́2 ̈ ø1ø·2­ ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø° a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

o ́2o­Ú 

–Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ê

i Œa1øÆo¥a­­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­  ́­a ±o 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­ ±Æ 

 ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 3 ́­ ̈  ̈øμa °¥ø1⁄2a ø1⁄2Æ±­­  ̈ ̧a 

a2 ̈·Æa o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß  ̈± a2­ ́Æa oø·Æ ø2o aØ ́· ̈øæ¥a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·±2 æa ̈©aa2 a¥·1·æ¥a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ 1⁄2±33· ̈ ±Æ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ø ­·21¥a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ø °±Æ ̈ 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± a3°¥±ß 

 ̈ ̧Æaa 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­  ̈± Æ ́2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±1Æø3­ ä ±2a o±1⁄2 ́­ao ±2 ø ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 

°Æ±1Æø3 o±Æ o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ±2a ±2 ¥aø­·21 2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ 1ø­  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ø2o ±2a ±2 ±ooaÆ·21 1Æø2 ̈­ 

 ̈±  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆ­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ±o 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú Ã ̧a­a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ 1⁄2ø2 aø1⁄2 ̧ 3øÆμa ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a·Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧ ø2o ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù 

1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a °±Æ ̈ 3 ́­ ̈  ̈ ̧a2 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μ  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ oÆ±3 ø¥¥  ̈ ̧Æaa 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­  ̈±1a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a 

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©·¥¥ æa o ́2oaoÚ Ã ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ 1⁄2ø2  ̈ ̧a2 øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ 

 ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

ÌÚ –Æ±1⁄2ao ́ÆaÒ°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMaÃ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a · ̈­ °Æ±°±­ø¥ æß ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈·21 ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́ÆaÒ°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­Ù ·o 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß ­ ̈ø ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o 

ø°°Æ±TMao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÊ 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2ø2 ­ ̧±Æ ̈a2  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ø¥¥±©ao oÆ±3 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æa1⁄2±3·21 ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥Ù 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥ ø2o 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3øÆß 

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2ø2 a®°ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ ±o ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æao ±2 ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ú 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2ø2 a®°ø2o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±Æ ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

ÏÚ Ÿa±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 ±°aÆø ̈·±2­

⁄±Æ 1⁄2¥øÆ· ̈ßÙ  ̈ ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 oa­1⁄2Æ·æa­ æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1a±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

3 ́­ ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2­ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 

1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a · ̈­ °Æ±°±­ø¥ æß ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈·21 1a±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß oa­1⁄2Æ·æaÙ ·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÙ ø2ß °Æ±°±­ao 1a±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo a®°a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ©·¥¥ °Æ±°±­a  ̈± øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±°aÆø ̈a­ ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

Ã ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ¥·3· ̈ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ·2 

±2a ±Æ 3±Æa  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ú ¤®1⁄2a° ̈ ø­ °Æ±TM·oao æa¥±©Ù ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß 2± ̈ 

°Æ±°±­a ±Æ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈± –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21  ̈± 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·21 ø ̈ ø ­·21¥a oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ß ±Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø ­·21¥a 1⁄2· ̈ßÙ 1⁄2± ́2 ̈ßÙ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈Ù ø·Æ 

æø­·2Ù  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ ±Æ ­·3·¥øÆ 1a±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 øÆaø  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ ­3ø¥¥aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a o± ́Æ  ̈Æøoa 

1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÚ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø°°¥·a­ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o ́2o­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa1⁄2Æ ́· ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

 ̈ÆøTMa¥ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o o ́2o ø¥¥ a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a o± ́Æ  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­Ù 

Æa1øÆo¥a­­ ±o © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧±­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ øÆa æø­aoÙ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ÆaTM·a© ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 

øoo ø2 a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3 ́­ ̈  ̧øTMa  ̈ÆøTMa¥ao ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ôð 

°aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o · ̈­ ø22 ́ø¥ 3·¥a­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ 

¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧·­ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ ©± ́¥o æa øooao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a æø­a –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈ÆøTMa¥ao ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ÈÎ °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o · ̈­ ø22 ́ø¥ 3·¥a­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ø2o 

 ̈ ̧a 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o · ̈­ ø22 ́ø¥ 3·¥a­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a o± ́Æ  ̈Æøoa 

1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ Áð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±Æ Ôðð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o · ̈­ 3·¥a­ ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÙ ø­ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÚ fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­ ø2o o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆa¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21 æa ¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ 

¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

i ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø°°¥·a­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa o ́2o­ 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ æ± ̈ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a ±¥o ø2o 2a© ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧aÆ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ±°aÆø ̈a o ́¥¥Û ̈·3a ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ © ̧aÆa 

 ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ °aÆ·±o·1⁄2 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a ·2 ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ Æa1·±2 

±Æ 2a·1 ̧æ±Æ·21 ­ ̈ø ̈aÚ fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ±ooaÆ ø2 ±° ̈·±2 o±Æ Áð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ 

±°aÆø ̈·±2 ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ø ̈ ø Æao ́1⁄2ao o ́2o·21 ø3± ́2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o ø 1¥±æø¥ °±­· ̈·±2·21 ­ß­ ̈a3  ̄Ÿ–Õ ̃Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ø¥­± ÆaØ ́·Æa 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ±¥o ø2o 2a© ¥·2aÛ ̧ø ́¥ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ±°aÆø ̈a ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ôð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a 

·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ø2o o ́¥¥Û ̈·3a ©· ̈ ̧·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÙ 

a®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ °aÆ·±o·1⁄2 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a ·2 ø 2a·1 ̧æ±Æ·21 ­ ̈ø ̈aÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

Æa1⁄2Æ ́· ̈ ø¥¥ a¥·1·æ¥a ¥·2aÛ ̧ø ́¥ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ±°aÆø ̈·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ Æa1øÆo¥a­­ ±o 

© ̧aÆa ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ øÆa æø­aoÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­·3·¥øÆ¥ß o ́2o 

ø¥¥ a¥·1·æ¥a ¥·2aÛ ̧ø ́¥ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ­aÆTM·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ­Ù ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± 

ÆaTM·a© ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú fl 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21 ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ ø ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa 

a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ­ß­ ̈a3 ¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

i ÿøÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø°°¥·a­ o±Æ  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ o ́2o­ 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± 

Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± TMa­­a¥­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa  ̧±3aÛ°±Æ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±°±­a  ̈± ±ooaÆ ø2 ±° ̈·±2 o±Æ Áð 

°aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ø ̈ ø Æao ́1⁄2ao o ́2o·21 ø3± ́2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o ø 1¥±æø¥ °±­· ̈·±2·21 ­ß­ ̈a3  ̄Ÿ–Õ ̃Ú 

i Õ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø°°¥·a­ o±Æ ­ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧ o ́2o­ 3øß Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ 

a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ­aø°±Æ ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

i ›øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø°°¥·a­ o±Æ 1⁄2øÆ1± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ o ́2o­ 

3øß Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·21 ø ̈ °±Æ ̈­ ø2o Æø·¥ ßøÆo­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 

1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

“± ̈aÊ fia1⁄2ø ́­a ­aø°±Æ ̈­ 1⁄2ø2 ø°°¥ß o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈± flŒfiÙ æ ́ ̈ Æø·¥Æ±øo­ 1⁄2ø22± ̈Ù ø ­aø°±Æ ̈ 

ø°°¥ß·21  ̈± øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3æ·2ao ­ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧ ø2o 1⁄2øÆ1± 

 ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 3 ́­ ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈Ù aTMø¥ ́ø ̈aÙ ø2o o ́2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø ̈ ø2ß ­aø°±Æ ̈ ±Æ Æø·¥ ßøÆo ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

 ̧ø­ ¶ ́Æ·­o·1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

‹Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –ÆaÛfl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ›±33 ́2· ̈ß ”aa ̈·21

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̧±¥o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ±2a 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 3aa ̈·21 °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ·2° ́ ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æ·a­  ̈± æa 

øooÆa­­ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 

·2° ́ ̈ ø­ · ̈ oaTMa¥±°­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

fl ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·oa2 ̈·oß © ̧a2 ø2o © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 3aa ̈·21 ̄­ ̃ ©ø­  ̧a¥oÙ ø2o © ̧ø ̈ 3a ̈ ̧±o­ ©aÆa  ́­ao  ̈± øoTMaÆ ̈·­a  ̈ ̧a 

3aa ̈·21 ̄­ ̃Ú Ã ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ø ̈ ̈a2oø21⁄2a ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±33a2 ̈­ Æa1⁄2a·TMaoÚ 

¤Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 a2 ̈· ̈·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øTMa ­ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥¥ß Æa1·­ ̈aÆao ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈©± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa æß ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao  ̈± flŒfi æß 

 ̈ ̧a “—⁄fl oaøo¥·2a ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ·2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a “—⁄flÚ Ã ̧a 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i ›±3°¥a ̈ao ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ø ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß °Æ±Û

Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø ̈ ø ¥±©aÆ ¥aTMa¥ ±o o ́2o·21 ø2o °Æ±°±Æ ̈·±2ø¥¥ß 

¥±©aÆ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 3aø­ ́Æa­  ̄TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ ±Æ æaÆ ̈ ̧­  ̈± æa 

 ́°oø ̈aoÂ ø2o  ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ̃Ú 

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú¤ÚÁÚ ̃Ú 

fl¥¥ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa °Æ±TM·oao ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao 

·21⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÚ À°oø ̈a­  ̈± ø2ß ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ oaøo¥·2a ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

±2¥ß æa ø¥¥±©ao ±2 ø 1⁄2ø­aÛæßÛ1⁄2ø­a æø­·­Ù ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o·­1⁄2Æa ̈·±2 ±o flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ ø ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

ÔÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 1a2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 ±oÙ 

ø ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i fl oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ a®°aÆ·a21⁄2a øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa 

°Æ±1Æø3­Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ±2a  ̈ß°a ±o ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa 

°Æ±1Æø3Ù oa­1⁄2Æ·æa  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ 3±­ ̈ ­·3·¥øÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥ o·Æ­ ̈Â  ̈ ̧a2 

ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­Ú fl ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o °Æ·±Æ a®°aÆ·a21⁄2a ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

Û – ́Æ°±­a ±o  ̈ ̧a ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3  ̄aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́°1Æøoa­Ù 2a©  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1·a­Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

Û ÿ±© ¥±21  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3Ú 

Û fl22 ́ø¥ o ́2o·21 ø3± ́2 ̈­Ú 

Û Ÿa2aÆø¥ oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ø2o Ø ́ø2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­ao  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±1Æø3Ú 

Û Õ ́1⁄21⁄2a­­o ́¥ ± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧ ­ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­  ́­ao  ̈± ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2Ú 

Û —TMaÆTM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧a 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3Ú 

i Õ ̈øoo 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

Ã ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 1a2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈·21 

±oÙ ø ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i Ãß°a ±o Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̄a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥Ù o·2ø21⁄2aÙ æ ́­·2a­­Ù  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i ”·­­·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ±Æ ° ́Æ°±­aÚ 

i Ÿa2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈· ̈ß  ̄ ̈ß°a ±o °Æ±1Æø3­ ø2o æ ́o1a ̈ ̃Ú 

i fl oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o  ̧±©  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ ·2TM±¥TMao ·2 °Æ±TM·o·21 o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2aÙ 

­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ 1Æø2 ̈­ ±Æ ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3­Ú Ã ̧·­ oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 

 ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 Æ±¥a­Ù ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈·a­Ù Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈·a­Ù ø2o ø22 ́ø¥ æ ́o1a ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a­a 

°Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

i Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

ÓÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 

°Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ê 

i ×oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ ̄­ ̃  ̈øÆ1a ̈aoÚ 

i ×oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ̄­ ̃Ú 

i ×oa2 ̈·oß ø2ß °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­Ú 

i ×oa2 ̈·oß ø2o oa ̈ø·¥ ø2ß °Æ±°±­ø¥­  ̈± ø¥¥±© ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

i ×oa2 ̈·oß ø2ß °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú›Ú 

i ‹a­1⁄2Æ·æa  ̈ ̧a ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß °Æ±æ¥a3­ ø2o μaß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·21 °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 

1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

i ‹a­1⁄2Æ·æa  ̧±©  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø2o Æa1·±2ø¥ °¥ø2­  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a 

a3·­­·±2­ oÆ±3 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­Ù ±Æ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Æa1·±2ø¥ ­ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­ 

·2 flŒfié­ ÓððÍ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –¥ø2 o±Æ –±Æ ̈­ ø2o Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø

±Æ  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 –¥ø2Ú fl ̈ 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧·­ oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a 

­ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­ ±Æ 3aø­ ́Æa­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a 1±±o­ 3±TMa3a2 ̈ °¥ø2­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa øooÆa­­ao 

æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥Ú 

i — ̈ ̧aÆ Æa¥ø ̈ao ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 

ÌÚ –Æ±TM·­·±2­  ̈± 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a °Æ±°±­ø¥ 

Ã ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈aÙ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ ·o  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ 

°Æ±°±­·21  ̈± 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3·¶a · ̈­ °Æ±°±­ø¥ æß ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈·21 ø2ß ±o  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±TMao –Æ±1Æø3 

±° ̈·±2­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú›ÚÊ 

i Ãa1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø°°Æ±ø1⁄2 ̧a­ ø2o  ́­a ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­Ú 

i –Æ±1⁄2ao ́ÆaÒ°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­Ú 

i Ÿa±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 ±°aÆø ̈·±2­Ú 

Ã ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ oa­1⁄2Æ·æa  ̈ ̧a Æaø­±2­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa °Æ±°±­aoÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

ÏÚ ⁄ ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

¤¥a3a2 ̈­ ±o o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧·­ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ 

¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ o·­1⁄2ø¥ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i fl 1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 3±­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ o·2ø¥ o·­1⁄2ø¥ ø ́o· ̈Ú 

ø ̃ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao

i Ã ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a a­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ  ́2· ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ o±Æ 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

⁄±Æ 1Æ·oÛæø­ao ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß 

a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a ø2 ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈ao 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 ßaøÆÚ 

i Ã ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao oÆ±3 flŒfiÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a æÆaøμo±©2 ±o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­Ù ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥·3· ̈­ ·2  ̈ ̧a­a 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

æ ̃ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ±Æ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·oa2 ̈·oß ø¥¥ 2±2Û–Æ±1Æø3 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ø2o °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21 3·2·3 ́3 o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ê 

i Ã ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧·21 o ́2o­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ·TMø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù 

ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ø2o 2±2Ûø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × ÚflÚÍÚ 

Æa1øÆo·21 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧  ̈ß°a­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 øÆa ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a o±Æ ° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o 

1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ̃Ú ×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­a­ 

 ̈± 1⁄2±Ûo ́2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 3±2·a­ oaÆ·TMao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a ±2 TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 

Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao æß flfi ÁÓÌ  ̄› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÈðÈÙ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o ÓððÏ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a­a 

3±2·a­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o­ ·2  ̈ ̧·­ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

i ⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ê 

Û “ø3a ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3Ú 

Û Ã ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈Ú 

Û fl2ß 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ±Æ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ · ̈­  ́­aÚ 

Û fl2ß  ̈·3aoÆø3a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ · ̈­ a®°a2o· ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

i fl oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ 2±2Û–Æ±1Æø3 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­ øÆa Æaø­±2øæ¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥a ©· ̈ ̧·2 

 ̈ ̧a  ̈·3aoÆø3a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aÚ 

×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©·­ ̧a­ flŒfi  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ  ̈ ̧a øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o 2±2Û°Æ·TMø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­ ø­ ø 

­ ́°°±Æ ̈·21 oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ·2 · ̈­ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø©øÆo ±o –Æ±1Æø3 1Æø2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ 

­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ê 

i ⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ a2 ̈· ̈ß ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ø­ ø ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧·21 o ́2o­Ù ø ̈ ̈ø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈· ̈ßé­ ø°°Æ±TMao 

1±TMaÆ2·21 æ±øÆo ±Æ 1⁄2±33·­­·±2 Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2  ̄·o ø ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø1a21⁄2ß ̃ ±Æ ø ¥a ̈ ̈aÆ ­·12ao æß 

ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa  ̄·o ø oaoaÆø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ̃Ù ­ ̈ø ̈·21Ê 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

Û fl 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈· ̈ß  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ao ° ́Æ°±­aÙ 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈Ù ø2ß 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ø2o Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a·Æ  ́­aÙ 

ø2o ø2ß  ̈·3aoÆø3a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a·Æ a®°a2o· ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øßÙ ±2 ø 1⁄2ø­aÛæßÛ1⁄2ø­a æø­·­Ù ø¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈  ̈± æa ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao 

 ́°  ̈± Óð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2aÚ 

ÎÚ fl·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥  ́­a  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ —2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­a  ̈± Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a 

a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o ø °Æ±°±­ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ a2 ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æao o ́2o·21 ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÚ 

fiø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a ‹ø ̈øæø­a ©·¥¥ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a a­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈­ 

ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·oa2 ̈·o·a­ ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ æa Ø ́ø2 ̈·o·ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

‹ø ̈øæø­a o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧± ́¥o 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o±Æ 

1 ́·oø21⁄2aÚ fl2ß Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°¥ß·21 o±Æ o ́2o­  ̈± øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ ø ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa 

°Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̧± ́¥o 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o±Æ ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Û

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­Ú 

ÍÚ Õ ̈øoo Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2aÃ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·oa2 ̈·oß ø2o oa­1⁄2Æ·æa  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈øoo Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± 

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥Ú Ã ̧·­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 

a®·­ ̈·21 ø2o °¥ø22ao ­ ̈øoo·21Ù ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o © ̧a2 °¥ø22ao ­ ̈øoo ©·¥¥ æa  ̧·ÆaoÚ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ øoo·Æ3ø ̈·TMa¥ß oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ±Æ ©·¥¥  ̧øTMa  ̈ ̧a 

2a1⁄2a­­øÆß Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ·2 °¥ø1⁄2a  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a oa3ø2o­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ̄­ ̃  ̈ß°a ø2o ­1⁄2±°aÚ 

Ã ̧a ­ ̈øoo oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa æø­aoÙ ·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÙ ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ °Æ·±Æ 

a®°aÆ·a21⁄2a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ­·3·¥øÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ·2 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ø¥Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ °Æ·±Æ a®°aÆ·a21⁄2a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­ 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ­ ̧± ́¥o 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ flŒfi ±Æ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa1·±2  ̈± 

±æ ̈ø·2 ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ ø­­a­­·21  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈øoo Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ©·¥¥ 2aao  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a 

oa3ø2o­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ̄­ ̃Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 Æa1øÆo·21  ̈ ̧a Æa¥ø ̈·±2­ ̧·° æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a 

2 ́3æaÆ ±o °·a1⁄2a­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́°1Æøoao ·2 ø 1·TMa2  ̈·3aoÆø3a ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

2 ́3æaÆ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̈øoo 2aaoao  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2±3°¥·­ ̧  ̈ ̧±­a  ́°1Æøoa­Ú Ã ̧a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21  ̄æø­ao ±2 a®°aÆ·a21⁄2a ̃Ê 

i – ́Æ°±­a ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ·±Æ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3 ̄­ ̃Ú 

i Ã·3a øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ·±Æ °Æ±1Æø3 ̄­ ̃Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa o ́2o­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ·±Æ °Æ±1Æø3 ̄­ ̃ ·2 

 ̈ ̧a ¥ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ °·a1⁄2a­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ·±Æ °Æ±1Æø3 ̄­ ̃ ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÍÁ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

i Ã± ̈ø¥ ­ ̈øoo °±­· ̈·±2­  ̄·2 aØ ́·TMø¥a2 ̈ –«­ ̃ ø­­·12ao  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa o ́2o­  ́2oaÆ 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ·±Æ °Æ±1Æø3 ̄­ ̃ ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­Ú 

i –¥ø2­  ̈±  ̧·Æa ±Æ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ­ ̈øoo  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ o ́2o·21 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÚ 

i ‘·­ ̈ ±o ­ ̈øoo 1⁄2¥ø­­·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ù ·2 aØ ́·TMø¥a2 ̈ –«­Ù  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa øTMø·¥øæ¥a ±Æ ©·¥¥ æa øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21Ê 

Û –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̈øoo  ̄3øÆμa ̈·21Ò± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧Ù 1Æø2 ̈­Ù 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ù ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ø ́o· ̈­Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

Û ”ø2ø1aÆ·ø¥ ­ ̈øooÚ 

Û flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ ­ ̈øooÚ 

Û ⁄·­1⁄2ø¥ ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 ­ ̈øooÚ 

ÈÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a 

fl ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ 

±o ©aaμ­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2±3°¥·­ ̧ aø1⁄2 ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao æa¥±©  ̄o±¥¥±©·21  ̈ ̧a 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ oÆ±3 flŒfi ̃Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 3øÆμa ̈·21Ò± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ÆaTM·a© °aÆ·±oÚ 

i ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ©aæ°±­ ̈·21Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÚ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÚ 

i ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa °aÆ·±oÚ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÚ 

i ‘·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÚ 

Ã ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a μaß 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

ø°°Æ±®·3ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o ©aaμ­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2±3°¥·­ ̧ aø1⁄2 ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Ù 

o±¥¥±©·21  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø2 ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈  ̄© ̧aÆa ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃ ø2o 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

oÆ±3 flŒfi  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ æ±2o o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± æa1·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

ËÚ ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß ø2o ·2 ̈a2 ̈  ̈± o ́¥¥ß ø2o 

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa¥ß ­ø ̈·­oß aø1⁄2 ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ oa ̈ø·¥ao 

·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21Ù æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧±­a ¥·­ ̈ao æa¥±©Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ 

1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21 ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­ ­·3·¥øÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 3øß  ́­a a®·­ ̈·21 

°±¥·1⁄2·a­ ø2o °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa 3±o·o·ao  ̈± Æao¥a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a  ́2·Ø ́a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ú 

i Õ ́°°±Æ ̈ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ›±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ 3øÆμa ̈·21 ø2o ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao 

± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧ ø2o ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a  ̈± ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆÛ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­ ̃Ú 

i ŒaTM·a© ø2o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ©aæ °±­ ̈·21 ̃Ú 

i Õa¥a1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 

ø°°Æ±TMø¥ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Èð ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

i ›±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ­Ú 

i “± ̈·oß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ¤2­ ́Æa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a © ̧aÆa ÆaØ ́·ÆaoÚ 

i ›±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±o 2a© ±Æ  ́°1Æøoao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ oÆ±3 flŒfiÚ 

i –Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·2TM±·1⁄2a­ ø2o ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ oÆ±3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ 

°øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­ ø2o Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈­ ̃Ú 

i ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ú 

i ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o ø­­a­­ ±2Û1±·21 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ú 

i –Æ±TM·oa ÆaØ ́·Æao Æa°±Æ ̈­  ̈± flŒfi  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ­ ́æ3· ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

oø ̈ø a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2ø¥¥ß © ̧a2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao ̃Ú 

i –øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2 –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o o·­1⁄2ø¥ ø ́o· ̈­Ú 

fl Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa 

ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̈± ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø 

oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o °Æ±°±­ao ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈± aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ¥±ø2 ø2o ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±2 ø2 

±21±·21 æø­·­  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o Õfi ËË ø2o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æé­ 

¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈÚ 

ÁÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2­

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa flŒfi ©· ̈ ̧ ø Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1±TMaÆ2·21 

æ±øÆo ±Æ 1⁄2±33·­­·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± a2 ̈aÆ ·2 ̈± ø 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

©· ̈ ̧ flŒfiÙ ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ o ́2o­Ù ø2o °Æ±TM·oa ø2ß 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧·21 o ́2o­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a o·o ́1⁄2·øÆß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± 1⁄2¥aøÆ¥ß ·oa2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßéæ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 Æ±¥a ±Æ æ±øÆoÒ1⁄2±33·­­·±2 oa¥a1ø ̈·±2­  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̈øoo o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̈± ­·12 ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̈± ­·12Òa®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a ø 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

i Ã ̧a ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o ø 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·­ ̈ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao o±Æ o ́2o·21 ø2o ø æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̈± ­·12Òa®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̈± ­·12 ŸÆø2 ̈ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ŒaØ ́a­ ̈­ ø2o 

oa¥a1ø ̈a ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ø ̈·±2  ̈± ± ̈ ̧aÆ­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±°±­ø¥

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± ·oa2 ̈·oß ø¥¥ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o 2±2Û°Æ·TMø ̈a 

3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧·21 o ́2o­ 1⁄2±33· ̈ ̈ao  ̈± –Æ±1Æø3 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø2o ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ̈ø ̈a ø2ß 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ø2o  ̈·3a 

1⁄2±2­ ̈Æø·2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧±­a o ́2o­Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øßÙ ±2 ø 1⁄2ø­aÛæßÛ1⁄2ø­a æø­·­Ù ø¥¥±© ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± ­ ́æ3· ̈ · ̈­ ø°°Æ±TMao 

Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2  ́°  ̈± Óð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2aÚ 

⁄±Æ ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ·o ÆaØ ́·Æao æß  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈·21  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­Ù  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ø1a21⁄2ß ©·¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa flŒfi ©· ̈ ̧ ø Æa­±¥ ́ ̈·±2 ±Æ ­·3·¥øÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶a­  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± a2 ̈aÆ ·2 ̈± ø2 ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ o ́2o­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

× Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

flÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ÔÚ ›±33 ́2· ̈ß ø2o ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 

ø ̃ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·oa2 ̈·oß ø2o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ 3a1⁄2 ̧ø2·­3­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa 

·2° ́ ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao 

¥·­ ̈ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a °aÆ·±o·1⁄2 °Æ±1Æa­­ Æa°±Æ ̈­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ́°oø ̈a­ ±2  ̈ ̧a flŒfi ©aæ­· ̈a  ̄ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©aæ­· ̈aÙ ·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± 1⁄2±Û ̧±­ ̈·21 ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ±2a 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 

3aa ̈·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ßaøÆ  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa  ́°oø ̈a­ ±2  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

æ ̃ – ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©aæ­· ̈a 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈a øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2Ú –Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

o·Æ­ ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø2 aø­·¥ß ·oa2 ̈·o·øæ¥a –Æ±1Æø3 

 ̧ß°aÆ¥·2μ TM·­·æ¥a ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TMa o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 3ø·2 ©aæ°ø1a  ̄±Æ  ̈ ̧a 3ø·2 °ø1a 

o±Æ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­ ̃Ú Ã ̧a ©aæ­· ̈a ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2Ù ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ê 

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

i fl ¥·2μ  ̈± flŒfié­ –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈a  ̄ ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒ13æ±2o ̃Ú 

i ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2­Ú 

i Ã ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·­ ̈ ̄­ ̃Ù © ̧a2 øTMø·¥øæ¥aÚ 

Ã± a2 ̧ø21⁄2a ± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧ aoo±Æ ̈­ ø2o –Æ±1Æø3  ̈Æø2­°øÆa21⁄2ßÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ø 

©aæ­· ̈a ¥·2μ  ̈± flŒfi 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2·21 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±1Æø3 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2 1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 3aa ̈·21­ ±Æ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©±Æμ­ ̧±° ø22± ́21⁄2a3a2 ̈­ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ©·¥¥  ̈ ̧a2 

æa °±­ ̈ao ±2 flŒfié­ –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

ÓÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3øÆμa ̈·21  ̈±±¥­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥  ́­a 3øÆμa ̈·21 ­ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß  ̈øÆ1a ̈  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ­ ±o 

–Æ±1Æø3Ûa¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÙ Æa1øÆo¥a­­ ±o © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ æø­aoÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2·1⁄2ø¥ ø2o øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­  ̈±  ̧a¥°  ̈ ̧a3  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o ø2o ø°°¥ß o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

ø ̃ ”øÆμa ̈·21  ̈±±¥­

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ øoTMaÆ ̈·­a  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3  ̈± ø æÆ±øo ø2o o·TMaÆ­a ø ́o·a21⁄2aÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ­ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­ ­ ̧± ́¥o ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ­±3a ±o  ̈ ̧a 3øÆμa ̈·21  ̈±±¥­ æa¥±©Ê 

i ‹aTMa¥±° ø2o 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ¥·­ ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ao °øÆ ̈·a­Ú 

i À­a ©aæÛæø­ao 3øÆμa ̈·21Ú 

i floTMaÆ ̈·­a ø2o °±­ ̈ ø22± ́21⁄2a3a2 ̈­ ·2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 2a©­°ø°aÆ ̄­ ̃ ø2o  ̈Æøoa ¶± ́Æ2ø¥­Ù 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 2±2Û¤21¥·­ ̧ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú 

i À­a Æøo·± øoTMaÆ ̈·­a3a2 ̈­Ú 

i ×­­ ́a ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 2± ̈·1⁄2a­Ú 

i ‹·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈a æÆ±1⁄2 ̧ ́Æa­Òoø1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧aa ̈­Ò1⁄2±33 ́2· ̈ß 2a©­¥a ̈ ̈aÆ­Ú 

i –øÆ ̈2aÆ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈Æøoa ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈·±2­Ù oaø¥aÆ­ ̧·°­Ù  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­Ù °±Æ ̈­Ù ø2o Æø·¥Æ±øo­Ú 

i ÿ±¥o ± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧ aTMa2 ̈­ ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ © ̧aÆa  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao ø ́o·a21⁄2a ̄­ ̃  ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ß 1⁄2±21Æa1ø ̈aÚ 

i À­a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ 3ø·¥ 1⁄2ø3°ø·12 ̄­ ̃Ú 

æ ̃ — ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆÒ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­

⁄±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±1Æø3­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ oa­·12 ø2o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao ± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧ 

°Æ±1Æø3 o±Æ ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ ±©2aÆÒ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­  ̈± ·2o±Æ3  ̈ ̧a3 øæ± ́ ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 

±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈·a­ ø2o  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈  ̈ ̧a3 ·2 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧± ́¥o  ̧±¥o ­±3a ± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧ aTMa2 ̈­ ± ́ ̈­·oa ±o 2±Æ3ø¥ ©±Æμ·21  ̧± ́Æ­  ̈± ø¥¥±© 

3±Æa ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­  ̈± ø ̈ ̈a2oÚ 

Ã ̧a ± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù ø2o ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ú ”øÆμa ̈·21  ̈±±¥­  ̈± 

Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧·­ ø ́o·a21⁄2a 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i ¤o ́1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a TM·ø ø μ·±­μ ­a ̈  ́° 2aøÆ ø ¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 © ̧aÆa 

·2oa°a2oa2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ oÆ·TMaÆ­ 1⁄2±21Æa1ø ̈aÚ 

i fl  ̈±¥¥ oÆaa 2 ́3æaÆ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

±Æ 1a ̈ ° ̧±2a ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a ·2 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·21 ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ø1⁄21⁄2a­­ ·2 ¥ø21 ́ø1a­ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ¤21¥·­ ̧Ú 

i fl 2± ̈·1⁄2a ·2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ °ø°aÆ­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥ ±o o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 

°ø°aÆ­ ° ́æ¥·­ ̧ao ·2 ¥ø21 ́ø1a­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ¤21¥·­ ̧ ̃Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ß  ́°1Æøoa­ 

⁄±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±1Æø3­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3øμa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆ­ Æa1øÆo·21  ́°1Æøoa­  ̈± ·3°Æ±TMa o ́a¥ aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ßÙ a­°a1⁄2·ø¥¥ß o±Æ ¥±21Û ̧ø ́¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

Ãa1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·3°Æ±TMa o ́a¥ aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ß o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa oaTM·1⁄2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a 

øaÆ±oß2ø3·1⁄2 oÆø1 ø2o Æ±¥¥·21 Æa­·­ ̈ø21⁄2aÚ flaÆ±oß2ø3·1⁄2 oÆø1 3øß æa Æao ́1⁄2ao  ́­·21 

oaTM·1⁄2a­ ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ 1⁄2øæ Æ±±o oø·Æ·21­Ù 1⁄2øæ ­·oa 1ø° oø·Æ·21­Ù 1⁄2øæ ­·oa ­μ·Æ ̈­Ù ø2o ±2  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈Æø·¥aÆ ­·oaÙ  ̈Æø·¥aÆ ­·oa ­μ·Æ ̈­Ù 1ø° oø·Æ·21­Ù ø2o  ̈Æø·¥aÆ  ̈ø·¥Ú Œ±¥¥·21 Æa­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a 3øß æa 

Æao ́1⁄2ao  ́­·21 ­·21¥a ©·oa  ̈·Æa­ ±Æ ¥±©ÛÆ±¥¥·21 Æa­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a  ̈·Æa­ ø2o ø ́ ̈±3ø ̈·1⁄2  ̈·Æa ·2o¥ø ̈·±2 

­ß­ ̈a3­ ±2 æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æø·¥aÆÚ Ã ̧a­a  ́°1Æøoa­ ±ooaÆ  ̈ ̧a °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥  ̈± 1⁄2 ́ ̈ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

a3·­­·±2­ ±o 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­a­ ø2o 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·ø °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­Ù ©· ̈ ̧ ø  ̈©±  ̈±  ̈ ̧Æaa ßaøÆ °øßæø1⁄2μ 

°aÆ·±o  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ¥±©aÆ o ́a¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú Ã ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ øÆa TMøÆ·øæ¥a æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a  ̈ß°a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

±°aÆø ̈·±2­Ú 

—2 ‹a1⁄2a3æaÆ ÔÔÙ ÓððËÙ flŒfi øo±° ̈ao ø Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 Ã± Œao ́1⁄2a ŸÆaa2 ̧± ́­a Ÿø­ 

¤3·­­·±2­ ⁄Æ±3 ÿaøTMßÛ‹ ́ ̈ß a ̧·1⁄2¥a­  ̄››ŒÙ  ̈· ̈¥a ÔÈÙ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÁÎÌðð ̃Ú Ã ̧a Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 

ø°°¥·a­ °Æ·3øÆ·¥ß  ̈± ±©2aÆ­ ±o ÎÌÛo±± ̈ ±Æ ¥±21aÆ æ±®Û ̈ß°a  ̈Æø·¥aÆ­ ÆaØ ́·Æ·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μø2o  ̈Æø·¥aÆ­  ̈± æa1⁄2±3a 3±Æa o ́a¥ aoo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ú ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß æa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2·21 ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ̈·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ øooa1⁄2 ̈ao TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­ ©· ̈ ̧ aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ß  ́°1Æøoa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o· ̈  ̈ ̧a·Æ 

±°aÆø ̈·21 °Æ±o·¥aÚ ... ̧·¥a  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 o±a­ 2± ̈ °Æ±TM·oa o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a aoo·1⁄2·a21⁄2ß 

 ́°1Æøoa­Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­ 3øß  ̧a¥° ±oo­a ̈  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±Æ  ̧a¥° o·2ø21⁄2a 

 ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ±o  ̈ ̧a  ́°1Æøoa­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 flŒfié­ –Æ±TM·o·21 ‘±ø2 fl­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a o±Æ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈  ̄–‘fl›¤ ̃ –Æ±1Æø3  ̄ ̧ ̈ ̈°ÊÒÒ©©©ÚøÆæÚ1⁄2øÚ1±TMÒæøÒ¥±ø2Ò±2ÛÆ±øoÒ±2ÛÆ±øoÚ ̧ ̈3 ̃Ú 

o ̃ — ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧  ̈± ­3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­a­ o±Æ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2

flfi ÈÍÔ  ̄› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÍÔÔÙ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o ÓððÈ ̃ ·3°±­a­ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±2 Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·aø©øÆo·21 æ±2oÛo ́2oao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± a21⁄2± ́Æø1a  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 ±o ­3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­a­ ·2 

 ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈aé­ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÚ Ÿ±TMaÆ23a2 ̈ ›±oa Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÏËÌËÚÔÚ 

À2oaÆ Õfi ËËÙ flŒfi 1⁄2ø22± ̈ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß ø©øÆo 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± æ ́·¥o ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ø2o ·­  ̈ ̧aÆao±Æa 2± ̈ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o flfi ÈÍÔÚ ÿ±©aTMaÆÙ flŒfi 

1⁄2ø2 ·3°±­a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ­°·Æ· ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥ø© © ̧a2 · ̈ °Æ±TM·oa­ o ́2o­ TM·ø 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈± æ ́·¥o  ̈ ̧a a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ æ± ̈ ̧ 1Æ·oÛ

æø­ao ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ o±Æ ­ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧ ø2o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °aoa­ ̈ø¥­ ø ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­ ±Æ 

o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­Ú 

⁄±Æ 1Æ·oÛæø­ao ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ ø2o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ oa­·12 ø2o ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø  ̈øÆ1a ̈ao ± ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±1Æø3  ̈± a21⁄2± ́Æø1a 

­3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­a­  ̈± °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ø¥ ̈aÆø ̈·±2Ù oa3±¥· ̈·±2Ù Æa°ø·ÆÙ ±Æ 

·3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa o ́2oao æß  ̈ ̧a æ±2o –Æ±1Æø3Ú — ́ ̈Æaø1⁄2 ̧ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

·21⁄2¥ ́oa øoTMaÆ ̈·­·21 ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈·a­  ̈± æ·o o±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̄ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ù °Æ±TM·o·21  ̈ ̧a æ·oo·21 

°Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­Ù ø2o °Æ±TM·o·21 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ­3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­a­ ©· ̈ ̧ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2 øTMø·¥øæ¥a 

 ̈Æø·2·21 ø2o  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2·1⁄2ø¥ ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2a o±Æ  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o·21 ø2o æ·oo·21 ±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa­ o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a­a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ß°a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ μaa° 

­ ̈ø ̈·­ ̈·1⁄2­ ±2 ­3ø¥¥ æ ́­·2a­­ ø2o 3·1⁄2Æ±æ ́­·2a­­ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 ·2 ø2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧·­ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a­a ­ ̈ø ̈·­ ̈·1⁄2­ ·2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ oø ̈ø 

 ́°oø ̈a­ ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈­  ̈± flŒfiÚ 

ÌÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù aTMø¥ ́ø ̈aÙ ø2o o ́2o a¥·1·æ¥a 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ø¥¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ ø2o æø­a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ 3±Æa  ̈ ̧ø2 ±2a ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 1Æø2 ̈Ú ×o 

3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2­ øÆa 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈aoÙ  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ­aØ ́a2 ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ æao±Æa 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ·±Æ ±2a ·­ 1⁄2¥±­aoÙ  ́2¥a­­  ̈ ̧a oa3ø2o o±Æ o ́2o­ ·­ ¥a­­  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 

ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±æ ̈ø·2­ ø°°Æ±TMø¥ oÆ±3 flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 

i –Æ·±Æ  ̈± ±°a2·21 ø ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ3 ̄­ ̃Ù °Æ±1Æø3 ø22± ́21⁄2a3a2 ̈ ̄­ ̃Ù ø2o ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °ø1⁄2μa ̈ ̄­ ̃ 

 ̈± flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o±Æ ÆaTM·a© ø2o ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̧øTMa ø 3ø®·3 ́3 ±o Ë æ ́­·2a­­ 

oøß­  ̈± ·oa2 ̈·oß ø2ß 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß ÆaTM·­·±2­Ù ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °ø1⁄2μø1a ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ø°°Æ±TMaoÚ 

Ã ̧a o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ø2o a2o oø ̈a­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÚ 

i fl ¥·­ ̈ ±o 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °ø1⁄2μa ̈  ̄­aa æa¥±© ̃Ú 

i fl ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ©· ̈ ̧ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Ú 

fl­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3 ø22± ́21⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3øμa ø2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

°ø1⁄2μa ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ © ̧± 3øß æa ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ao ·2 ø°°¥ß·21 o±Æ o ́2o·21Ú 

Ã ̧·­ °ø1⁄2μa ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù °¥ ́­ 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·æa 

ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ̄ ̧±©Ù © ̧aÆaÙ æß © ̧a2Ù  ̈± © ̧±3 ̃Ú 

i Ã ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o ° ́Æ°±­a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o ø2ß ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ̈± æÆ·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈± ø oa­·12ø ̈ao ¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ù ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ±o ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3­Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2 © ̧ø ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3 ́­ ̈ o±  ̈± 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 

°Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ3­  ̄ø¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æao ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a 

fl°°a2o·® ̃Ú 

i ‘·3· ̈­ ±2 øTMø·¥øæ¥a o ́2o·21 °aÆ °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa ¥ø21 ́ø1aÙ ø2o ø 1⁄2¥aøÆ ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 2a© 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ o ́2oao æß  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 1⁄2ø2 ±2¥ß æa ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­ao ±Æ ±ÆoaÆao ±21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a 

a®·­ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̧ø­ æaa2 °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ao ø2o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ·­ ­·12ao æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ 3øß æa °ÆaÛ±ÆoaÆao °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ø2o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aß 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ø Æao ́1⁄2ao o ́2o·21 

ø3± ́2 ̈  ̈± ·3°Æ±TMa  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa2a­­Ú 

i Ã ̧a °øß3a2 ̈ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 ·2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­ ø2o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­ 

 ̄ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

i Œa3ao·a­ o±Æ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÚ 

i Ã ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ±21±·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø ́o· ̈·21 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

ÏÚ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ © ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

·­ ø¥­±  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 

⁄±Æ 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2  ̈ß°a­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß øo3·2·­ ̈aÆ·21  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ oÆ±3 

flŒfi 3øß ø¥­± æa  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 o±Æ o ́2o·21  ̈±  ́°1ÆøoaÚ 

⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ø °±Æ ̈ 3øß æa ø1⁄2 ̈·21 ø­ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o ­aaμ·21 

o ́2o·21 ø­  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ ø 1Æ·oÛæø­ao ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú fl2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ ø©øÆoao 1Æø2 ̈­ oÆ±3 flŒfi  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥­± ©ø2 ̈  ̈± æa  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ Æa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈ 

±o  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao æa¥±©Ù ø2o ø2ß 

­ ́°°¥a3a2 ̈ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÙ  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̧aÆa2 ̈ 1⁄2±2o¥·1⁄2 ̈ ±o 

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ê 

i –Æ·±Æ  ̈± ±°a2·21 ø ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̈øoo  ̄o±Æ 

ÆaTM·a© ø2o ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ̃  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ3 ̄­ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a 

­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2Ò°Æ±1Æø3 ø22± ́21⁄2a3a2 ̈ ̄­ ̃ ø2o ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °ø1⁄2μa ̈ ̄­ ̃ o±Æ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­Ú 

i Õ±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ æa ­a2 ̈ ·2 ø ­aø¥ao a2TMa¥±°aÚ 

i Õaø¥ao ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa ±°a2ao ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æa­a2 ̈Ú 

i Œø2μao ¥·­ ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ æa oaTMa¥±°ao ø2o ø°°Æ±TMao ·2 1⁄2±2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ ­·12 ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi  ̈± Æa1⁄2a·TMa ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ø ̈·±2  ̈±  ́­a 

 ̈ ̧±­a o ́2o­  ̄ ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ·­ ·2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆ­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 1Æø2 ̈ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈·a­ ̃Ú 

ÎÚ ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ø2o ‹ø ̈øæø­a a2 ̈Æß ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈a2 ̈Ù 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·­ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·2 1±±o oø· ̈ ̧Ù 1⁄2Æao·æ¥aÙ ø2o ·2 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

ø ̃ ŒaTM·a© ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

fl ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaTM·a© ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ±©2aÆ øÆa a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i ‹a ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ oø ̈ø ø2o ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a æa2ao· ̈­ ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈­ 

1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø°°Æ±TMao flŒfi 3a ̈ ̧±o­ øÆa ·21⁄2¥ ́oaoÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

æ ̃ ‹ø ̈øæø­a a2 ̈Æß ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­

flo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ a2 ̈aÆ 

a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ —2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÚ Ã ̧a 

‹ø ̈øæø­a ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø·o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o flŒfi ·2 ÆaTM·a©·21Ù Æø2μ·21Ù ø2o  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

ÍÚ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

ø ̃ ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈­ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ 1⁄2±3æ·2a o ́2o·21 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 

›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 ±2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̄·ÚaÚÙ o ́2o­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao 

 ́2oaÆ ÿ ̇Õ yÏÏðÁÔÚÔ ̄ø ̃ ø2o – ́æ¥·1⁄2 Œa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ›±oa yÏÓËËÁ ̃Ú 

×2 Æa­°±2­a  ̈± ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­Ù flŒfi ­ ̈øoo  ̧ø­ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈ao © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ­±3a ç°ø­­Û

 ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧å TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́­ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 3øß ø¥­± 

æa  ́­ao o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú À2oaÆ flfi ÁÓÌ  ̄› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÈðÈÙ 

Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ ±o ÓððÏ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a ±2  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa 1⁄2ø2 æa  ́­ao o±Æ 

3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ±o –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 Ôfi °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ­ ̈ø ̈a ¥ø©Ú 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a 3øß æa 1⁄2±3æ·2ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

·o ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ øÆa 3a ̈Ê  ̄ø ̃  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3aa ̈­ æ± ̈ ̧ æ±2o 

–Æ±1Æø3 a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·øÂ  ̄æ ̃  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈ a®1⁄2aao  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ¥·3· ̈Ù 

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 æ± ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 ø2o flfi ÁÓÌ o ́2o­Â ø2o  ̄1⁄2 ̃  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó 

­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a o ́2o­ øÆa 2± ̈ 1⁄2± ́2 ̈ao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o ø2 ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈é­ ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈Ú 

⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μ·21 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ù  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ ·2TMa­ ̈ao 3 ́­ ̈  ̈Æaø ̈ æ± ̈ ̧ æ±2o 

–Æ±1Æø3 3±2·a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̧Ó ­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a 3±2·a­ ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o­ ­·21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a 

­ ́Æ1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a 3±2·a­ ©± ́¥o ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a æa  ́­ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3Ú 

æ ̃ ”± ̈±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa­  ̄flfi ÓÈÍÍ ̃

fl­­a3æ¥ß fi·¥¥ ÓÈÍÍ  ̄flfi ÓÈÍÍ ̃  ̄”± ̈±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa­Â › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ÔÈðÎÙ Õ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a­ 

±o ÔÁÁð ̃ °Æ±TM·oa­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o ø2 øoo· ̈·±2ø¥  ̧Ï ·2 3± ̈±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 oaa­ 

 ̈± o ́2o TMøÆ·± ́­ ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 aoo±Æ ̈­Ú ⁄±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ù flfi ÓÈÍÍ o ́2o­ 1⁄2ø2 

æa  ́­ao o±Æ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o øÆa 2± ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o­Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ ”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 oÆ±3 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa­Ù 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 flfi ÔÔË

Õfi ËË o·Æa1⁄2 ̈­ flŒfi  ̈± 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2 ́ ̈ 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­ a3·­­·±2­  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈aé­ 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 1±ø¥­Ú Ã± a21⁄2± ́Æø1a 1Æaø ̈aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

o ́2o·21 o±Æ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ­·12·o·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­ Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ø2o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 1⁄2ø2 ­ ́°°¥a3a2 ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ©· ̈ ̧ 3±2·a­ oÆ±3 ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ·2 ̈a2oao  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­a­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̄æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈± ̃  ̈ ̧a flfi ÔÔË 

fl¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa ø2o Œa2a©øæ¥a ⁄ ́a¥ ø2o a ̧·1⁄2¥a Ãa1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß –Æ±1Æø3 øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß  ̈ ̧a 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ¤2aÆ1ß ›±33·­­·±2Ú –Æ±TM·oao  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈±®·1⁄2 ø2o 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·ø °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈ a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ øÆa ±2¥ß 1⁄2Æao· ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a –Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 Ôfi –Æ±1Æø3  ̄2± ̈  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 

­± ́Æ1⁄2a ̃Ù ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ 3±2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa a®1⁄2¥ ́oao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o­  ́­ao  ̈± 

oa ̈aÆ3·2a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o ø °Æ±°±­ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú Õ·21⁄2a 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­a­ øÆa 2± ̈ Ø ́ø2 ̈·o·ao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈ ­·oa ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈Û

aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2Ù Õ ̈ø ̈a ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa­  ̈± 1⁄2 ́ ̈ 1Æaa2 ̧± ́­a 1ø­a­ 1⁄2ø2 ­·3·¥øÆ¥ß æa 

a®1⁄2¥ ́oao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈ ­·oa ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2Ú 

ÈÚ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ a2 ̈aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ 

”±TMa3a2 ̈ —2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­a  ̈± 1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧·­ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ©·¥¥ æa ø°°¥·ao  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ́2oaÆ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú Õ ̧± ́¥o  ̈ ̧a ‹ø ̈øæø­a 2± ̈ æa øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ±2 ø2 ¤®1⁄2a¥ ­°Æaøo­ ̧aa ̈  ́­·21 ø 

 ̈a3°¥ø ̈a °Æ±TM·oao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 

Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈± Æø2μ ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa 

æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a Ø ́ø2 ̈· ̈ø ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­ flŒfi ©·¥¥  ́­a  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μ ø2o ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú¤ÚÍÚ °Æ±TM·oa­ øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ a®°¥ø2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a a¥a3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ 

°Æ±1⁄2a­­ ø2o ⁄·1 ́Æa ××ÚÔ ·¥¥ ́­ ̈Æø ̈a­  ̧±©  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ©±Æμ­Ú 

Ã ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Ø ́ø2 ̈· ̈ø ̈·TMa æø­ao ±2 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ä a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø2o ø 3aø­ ́Æa ±o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±2­·oaÆ­ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21Ú Ã ̧a 

1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́­a­  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3 °Æ± ̈±1⁄2±¥ ±o ©a·1 ̧ ̈·21 

1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 –” a3·­­·±2­  ̄a­­a2 ̈·ø¥¥ß o·a­a¥ –” ̃ æß ø oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ±o Óð Æa¥ø ̈·TMa  ̈± ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

°±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈­  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈aÆ  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ ·3°ø1⁄2 ̈­ ±o –” °aÆ  ̈±2 ±o a3·­­·±2­Ú Ã ̧·­ 

°Æ± ̈±1⁄2±¥  ̧a¥°­  ̈øÆ1a ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ Æ·­μÚ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ° ́æ¥·­ ̧  ̈ ̧a flŒfiÛø°°Æ±TMao ¥·­ ̈ ±o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

±2  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ©aæ­· ̈a ø2o °Æ±TM·oa ø ¥·2μ  ̈± flŒfié­ –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

ø ̃ ¤3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­1⁄2±Æa 

⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥  ́­a  ̈ ̧a 

Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ —2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÙ ±Æ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈a 3aø2­ °Æ±TM·oao æß flŒfiÙ  ̈± 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a 

 ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈Û©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÙ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÚ 

¤3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ „ Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2 “—® ı  ̄1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 –” ® Óð ̃ a3·­­·±2­ ·2 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ·2 °± ́2o­ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÈÁ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ¥·­ ̈ ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ø2o 

a¥·1·æ¥a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ·2 oa­1⁄2a2o·21 ±ÆoaÆ ±o 

a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2  ̈±° ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±©a­ ̈ 

a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3Ú Ã ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ ­1⁄2±Æa aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

­ ̈øÆ ̈·21 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3 ©· ̈ ̧ ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o Ô ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́·21 1⁄2±2­a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

⁄±Æ a®ø3°¥aÙ ·o  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa Ë °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­Ù  ̈ ̧a ±2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ©± ́¥o Æa1⁄2a·TMa ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o ËÚ 

¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 Õ1⁄2±Æa „ 2 ́3æaÆ oÆ±3 øæ±TMa aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 

æ ̃ ›±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ­1⁄2±Æa 

⁄±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥  ́­a 

 ̈ ̧a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÙ ±Æ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈a 3aø2­ °Æ±TM·oao æß flŒfiÙ  ̈± 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °±¥¥ ́ ̈ø2 ̈Û©a·1 ̧ ̈ao 

a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 °± ́2o­  ̄ø­ oa ̈aÆ3·2ao øæ±TMa ̃Ù o·TM·oao æß  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a 

Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 °Æ±°±­ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã± ̈ø¥ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a Õ ̈ø ̈a o ́2o·21 ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2  ̈±  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù °¥ ́­ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a 

o±¥¥øÆ­Ù ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × ÚflÚÍÚ ̃Ú 

›±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ „ ©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̄¥æ­ ̃Ò ̈± ̈ø¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a  ̧ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ¥·­ ̈ ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ø2o 

a¥·1·æ¥a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ·2 oa­1⁄2a2o·21 ±ÆoaÆ ±o 

a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆÙ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̧·1 ̧a­ ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ ±2  ̈±° ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±©a­ ̈ 

2 ́3æaÆ ±2  ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ ­1⁄2±Æa aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈øÆ ̈·21 ø ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a æ± ̈ ̈±3 ©· ̈ ̧ ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o Ô ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́·21 1⁄2±2­a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ⁄±Æ 

a®ø3°¥aÙ ©· ̈ ̧ Ë aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±°±­ø¥­Ù  ̈ ̧a ±2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1Æaø ̈a­ ̈ a3·­­·±2 

Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ ©± ́¥o Æa1⁄2a·TMa ø ­1⁄2±Æa ±o ËÚ 

›±­ ̈Û¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ Õ1⁄2±Æa „ 2 ́3æaÆ ·2 øæ±TMa aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 

1⁄2 ̃ ›±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ øoo  ̈ ̧a ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 Õ1⁄2±Æa  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›±­ ̈Û¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ø2o 

”ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ Õ1⁄2±Æa  ̈± oa ̈aÆ3·2a  ̈ ̧a o·2ø¥ °±·2 ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

Æø2μ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 1⁄2±TMaÆao æß  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

oÆ±3  ̧·1 ̧a­ ̈ °±·2 ̈­  ̈± ¥±©a­ ̈ °±·2 ̈­  ̈± 1⁄2Æaø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ¥·­ ̈Ú 

“± ̈aÊ a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈±  ́°1Æøoa ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧aÆ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø ́ ̈±3ø ̈·1⁄2ø¥¥ß æa Æø2μao 

øæ±TMa ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ß°a­ ±o 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ù 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± 1·TMa o ́2o·21 °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± ­©· ̈1⁄2 ̧aÆ­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Ëð ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

o ̃ Œø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ø°°Æ±TMø¥ °Æ±1⁄2a­­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ ­ ́æ3· ̈ Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈­  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o±Æ ø°°Æ±TMø¥ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈·21 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21 ±Æ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ oÆ±3 flŒfiÚ Ã ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ 1a2aÆø ̈·21 

ø2 ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o ø Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ·­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao æa¥±© ø2o 3øß æa ÆaTM·­ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ø­ 

2aaoao ø2o °±­ ̈ao ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

i fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß a2 ̈aÆ­ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ‹ø ̈øæø­a  ̈± 

1⁄2Æaø ̈a ø °Æa¥·3·2øÆß 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ø¥­± ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 TM·ø ø2 ¤®1⁄2a¥ ­°Æaøo­ ̧aa ̈ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ©·¥¥ æa 

·3°±Æ ̈ao ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ ø°°Æ±TMø¥ · ̈­ ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ TMaÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

i flo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao · ̈­ ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ ÆaTM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao oø ̈ø ø2o 

 ̈ ̧a °Æa¥·3·2øÆß Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß 2± ̈·o·a­ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo  ̄æß aÛ3ø·¥ ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Æø2μao 

¥·­ ̈ ·­ Æaøoß o±Æ ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ÆaTM·a©­  ̈ ̧a Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ø2o ·o 2aaoaoÙ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ 

øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ 1⁄2¥øÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ø2oÒ±Æ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̈± a2­ ́Æa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·2 

 ̈ ̧a ‹ø ̈øæø­a ·­ 1⁄2Æao·æ¥aÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ·oa2 ̈·o·a­ ø2ß ·­­ ́a­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ TM·ø 

a3ø·¥  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

i flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 2± ̈·o·a­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈  ̧ø­ æaa2 ø°°Æ±TMao ø2o ·­ 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± æa °±­ ̈ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

a ̃ Õa¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥  ́­a  ̈ ̧a flŒfi ø°°Æ±TMao Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈  ̈± ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø°°¥ß  ̈ ̧a øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1Æø2 ̈ o±¥¥øÆ­  ̄3·2 ́­ ø¥¥±©ao øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

o ́2o·21 ̃  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥·­ ̈ ±o 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 

1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø©øÆo 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a 

o±©2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ¥·­ ̈  ́2 ̈·¥  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­ øÆa a® ̧ø ́­ ̈aoÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 

·21⁄2Æaø­a ·2 a3·­­·±2­ ±Æ 2a1ø ̈·TMa 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ øÆa 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21Ú flŒfi 

­ ̈øoo 3øß ·oa2 ̈·oß ø 3·2·3 ́3 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 3±2·a­ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa 

 ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈a2oao æa2ao· ̈­Ú fl2ß 3·2·3 ́3 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ 2± ̈ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß 

·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ©·¥¥ æa °±­ ̈ao ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈ 1⁄2±3°Æ·­ao ±o  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ¥·­ ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·o 2± ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa o ́2o·21Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

±2  ̈ ̧·­ æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈ øÆa øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21Ù ·2  ̈ ̧a ±ÆoaÆ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao ±2  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ¥·­ ̈Ù ·o øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ o ́2o­ æa1⁄2±3a øTMø·¥øæ¥aÚ ⁄ ́2o­ 3øß æa1⁄2±3a 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a © ̧a2 ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao o±Æ o ́2o·21 o±a­ 2± ̈ °ø­­  ̈ ̧a °ÆaÛ

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù © ̧a2 ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ TM±¥ ́2 ̈øÆ·¥ß ©· ̈ ̧oÆø©­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 °Æ·±Æ  ̈± 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù ±Æ o±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ Æaø­±2­Ú 

fl­ o ́2o·21 æa1⁄2±3a­ øTMø·¥øæ¥aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3øμa ø Æaø­±2øæ¥a aoo±Æ ̈  ̈± 

1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈±°  ́2o ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa Æø2μ·21 ¥·­ ̈  ̈±Ê  ̄ø ̃ oa ̈aÆ3·2a ·o  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ·­ ­ ̈·¥¥ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ao ·2 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·21 ·2 

 ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Â ø2o  ̄æ ̃ ±æ ̈ø·2 ø2  ́°oø ̈ao ­·12ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa 

­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈  ̈± TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ̧ø­ 2± ̈ ø°°¥·ao o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

a¥­a© ̧aÆaÚ ×o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­  ́2øæ¥a  ̈± °Æ±1⁄2aao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈±° aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ øo ̈aÆ 

ø Æaø­±2øæ¥a aoo±Æ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß °Æ±1⁄2aao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 2a® ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±2 

 ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°a ̈· ̈·TMa¥ß Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈Ú 

ËÚ ›±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ ø 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ ±2  ̈ ̧a ±¥o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ o±Æ ø¥¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ °Æ±°±­ao o±Æ 

o ́2o·21 °Æ·±Æ  ̈± a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·21 ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈± a2­ ́Æa æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

ø2o ±©2aÆ o± 2± ̈  ̧øTMa ø2ß ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2ÛÆa¥ø ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­Ú Ã± 

­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ a2 ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ÆaØ ́·Æao 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ —2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÊ 

i Œa1·­ ̈aÆao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 2ø3aÚ 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 2 ́3æaÆ  ̄ ×“ ̃Ú 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a ¥·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ø¥­± a2 ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ±° ̈·±2ø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÊ 

i ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ÿ·1 ̧©øß –ø ̈Æ±¥ 2 ́3æaÆ  ̄›fl “ ́3æaÆ ̃Ú 

i ÀÚÕÚ ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ÃÆø2­°±Æ ̈ø ̈·±2 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ×2 ̈aÆ­ ̈ø ̈a ›±33aÆ1⁄2a ›±33·­­·±2 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

‹ ́a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥øÆ1a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2± ́¥o ÆaØ ́·Æa 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ­Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ øÆa a21⁄2± ́Æø1ao  ̈± ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a­a oø ̈ø ø­ ­±±2 ø­ °±­­·æ¥a øo ̈aÆ Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

flŒfi –Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ ©±Æμ ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfié­ ¤2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ‹·TM·­·±2 ­ ̈øoo  ̈± ±æ ̈ø·2  ̈ ̧a 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o o·­°¥øß  ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ ·2  ̈ ̧a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÚ flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 

©·¥¥ a2oaøTM±Æ  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ôð ©±Æμ·21 oøß­Ú Ã ̧a 

 ̈ ́Æ2øÆ± ́2o  ̈·3a 3øß ·21⁄2Æaø­a oa°a2o·21  ́°±2 ©±Æμ TM±¥ ́3a ø2o øTMø·¥øæ¥a flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 

Æa­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 

⁄±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù ·o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ ø2 

± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 TM·±¥ø ̈·±2 °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 oø ̈aÙ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

­ ̧ø¥¥ æa o·­Ø ́ø¥·o·ao  ́2¥a­­  ̈ ̧a TM·±¥ø ̈·±2 ·­ o±Æ ø2 a21·2a ¥øæa¥Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

·2o±Æ3  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·2 ©Æ· ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̧ø­ æaa2 

o·­Ø ́ø¥·o·ao o±Æ o ́2o·21Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a TM·±¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o °øß ø2ß 

ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a o·2a­Ú 

⁄±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù ·o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a­  ̈ ̧aÆa ·­ ø2 ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 

TM·±¥ø ̈·±2 ±2 ø2ß TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø2 ±©2aÆé­ o¥aa ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ±ooaÆ ø¥¥ øooa1⁄2 ̈ao 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈ ̧a ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈ß  ̈± Æa ̈ø·2 1Æø2 ̈ a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß æß 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a TM·±¥ø ̈·±2 

ø2o °øß·21 ø2ß o·2a­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ̄­ ̃ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ ×o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ 2± ̈·o·ao  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a TM·±¥ø ̈·±2Ù 

ø2o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ o±a­ 2± ̈ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a TM·±¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o °øß ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a o·2a­ ·2 ø 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

 ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·2o±Æ3  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·2 ©Æ· ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̧ø­ æaa2 o·­Ø ́ø¥·o·ao o±Æ o ́2o·21Ú 

ÁÚ “± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÃ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈·oß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú “± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·2 ©Æ· ̈·21Ù ø2o ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 ø Æaø­±2øæ¥a  ̈·3a øo ̈aÆ 

 ̈ ̧a a2o ±o  ̈ ̧a ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÚ 

fl ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i fl 1⁄2¥aøÆ ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ ±Æ 2± ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ×o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ a¥·1·æ¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø 1⁄2¥aøÆ ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ 

·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 © ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©ø­ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao o±Æ o ́2o·21 ±Æ °¥ø1⁄2ao ±2  ̈ ̧a 

æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈Ú 

i ×o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao o±Æ o ́2o·21Ù  ̈ ̧a 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

Û Ã± ̈ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ø3± ́2 ̈ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Û ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o oaøo¥·2a­ o±Æ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥·21 ø °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

Û ‘ø21 ́ø1a ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ·­ 1⁄2±2 ̈·21a2 ̈ ±2 °ø­­·21  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

Û ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 Æa1øÆo·21 © ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ o±  ̈± 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ßÚ 

Û ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o oaøo¥·2a­ o±Æ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø°°¥ß·21 o±Æ 

o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ù °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù 

oaøo¥·2a­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ ±æ ̈ø·2·21 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 

 ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ·2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­Ú 

i ×o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ °¥ø1⁄2ao ±2  ̈ ̧a æø1⁄2μ ́° ¥·­ ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥ o±Æ o ́ ̈ ́Æa o ́2o·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ×o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ æa·21 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21Ù  ̈ ̧a 2± ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 øæ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± ø°°¥ß o±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa o ́2o·21 ±°°±Æ ̈ ́2· ̈·a­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ·2 

o ́ ̈ ́Æa ßaøÆ­Ú 

ÔðÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ o ́2o·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ú –ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ ±° ̈·±2 3øß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ±Æ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o 3 ́­ ̈ æa 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao æß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ oa­·12ø ̈ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

oaø¥aÆ­ ̧·°­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·2· ̈·ø ̈a ø2o 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ ”—À ©· ̈ ̧ ø2ß 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ oaø¥aÆ­ ̧·° °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈± a2­ ́Æa –Æ±1Æø3 °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ øÆa 3a ̈Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ­±¥o æß ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ oaø¥aÆ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ TMa2oaÆ ©· ̈ ̧ ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ”—À  ̈± o± °ÆaÛ

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

–ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa a2 ̈aÆao ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ 

—2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÚ 

Ã ̧a °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ­ ̧ø¥¥Ù ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

i ›±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆé­ 2ø3aÙ øooÆa­­Ù ø2o  ̈a¥a° ̧±2a 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a  ̄æ ́­·2a­­Ù ­ ̧·° æaÆ ̈ ̧Ù ±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ß ̃Ú 

i ›±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a æø­a¥·2a a21·2a ø2o ø2ß øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ø­­·­ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a TMaÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a æø­a¥·2a a21·2a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

⁄±Æ a21·2a­ ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ø TM·­·æ¥a ø2o ¥a1·æ¥a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ 

3 ́­ ̈ ­ ̈ø3° ±Æ  ̈ø1  ̈ ̧a a21·2a æ¥±1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ›±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o æø­a¥·2a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2 ­ ̧·° ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æaÆ ̈ ̧Ù ±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±° ±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆÚ 

i – ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2Ù o·1· ̈ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o·¥a ±o aø1⁄2 ̧ °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

æa·21 °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈aoÚ Ã ̧a ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

Û Ã ̧a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a  ̄·o ¥a1·æ¥a ̃ ±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

2 ́3æaÆÚ 

Û ‘·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ o·­ ̈·21 ́·­ ̧·21 ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ TM·­·æ¥a ±2  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

Û fl ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa­ ø o ́¥¥ TM·a© ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ æa·21 ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ao  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ  ̈ ̧a 

a2 ̈·Æa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ TMa­­a¥Ù ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMaÙ a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i ‹a­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 3a ̈ ̧±o o±Æ 1⁄2ø ̈ø¥±1·21Ù ÆaoaÆa21⁄2·21Ù ­ ̈±Æ·21Ù ø2o 

aø­·¥ß Æa ̈Æ·aTM·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Û­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ° ̧± ̈±­Ú 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 æß 3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́­ø1a  ̄ ̧± ́Æ­ ±Æ 3·¥a­ ̃Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

 ́­ø1a Æa°±Æ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·­ Æaø­±2øæ¥a 1·TMa2  ̈ ̧a  ́­ø1a 

3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21Ú 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a21·2a ·­ ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥  ̄©· ̈ ̧ ø ­ ̈øÆ ̈Û ́° ̃ ø2o ·­ ©±Æμ·21 øoa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̄o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 ø2o  ́­a ̃Ú 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a21·2a­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­±o ̈©øÆa  ́°1Æøoa­ o±Æ o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̄·ÚaÚÙ 1⁄2 ̧·° Æao¥ø­ ̧ ̃  ̧øTMa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao  ̈ ̧a  ́°1ÆøoaÚ 

ÔÔÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a o ́2o­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú Ã ̧a­a o ́2o·21 1⁄2±33· ̈3a2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa1⁄2±3a ¥a1ø¥¥ß a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a ±2¥ß  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

⁄±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­Ù ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧·2 

ÓÏ 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ 

a® ̈a2oao  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈ o±Æ ø2ß  ̈·3a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©ø­ °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ao æß flŒfi oÆ±3 

·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈Ú 

⁄±Æ ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ ø2o ¥ø ̈aÆ o ́2o­Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ 

 ̈ ̧ø2 ÔË 3±2 ̈ ̧­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ±Æ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ÔË 3±2 ̈ ̧­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a flŒfi ·­­ ́a­ ø Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ 1⁄2±3a­ ¥ø ̈aÆÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æa°øÆa ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ o±Æ ÆaTM·a© ø2o ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa  ̈©± 1⁄2±°·a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21  ̈± æa ­·12ao æß  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ flo ̈aÆ ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­·12  ̈©± 1⁄2±°·a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa ̈ø·2 ±2a o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±°ß o±Æ · ̈­ o·¥a­Ù ø2o Æa ̈ ́Æ2 ±2a o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±°ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ ⁄±¥¥±©·21 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ a2 ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ 

—2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÚ 

fl ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø·2  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ê 

ø ̃ Õ ̈ø2oøÆo 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

i ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆâ ́2·Ø ́a  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 2 ́3æaÆ °Æ±TM·oao æß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ¤ooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa oø ̈aÚ 

i ÃaÆ3 ±o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̄°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2  ̈·3a °¥ ́­ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ̃Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ×2oa32·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± ·2oa32·oß ø2o  ̧±¥o  ̧øÆ3¥a­­ flŒfi ø2o 

 ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ ø2ß ¥·øæ·¥· ̈ß øÆ·­·21 ± ́ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a æß  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆÚ 

i ÕaTMaÆøæ·¥· ̈ßâÆa3ø·2·21 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a ·2 aooa1⁄2 ̈ aTMa2 ·o ø 1⁄2± ́Æ ̈ 

 ̧±¥o­ ø ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °Æ±TM·­·±2 ·2TMø¥·oÚ 

i ⁄±Æ1⁄2a 3ø¶a ́ÆaâflŒfiÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·øæ¥a o±Æ oa¥øß ±Æ 

oø·¥ ́Æa ·2 °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a Æa­ ́¥ ̈·21 oÆ±3 ø1⁄2 ̈­ æaß±2o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥Ú 

i ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø3a2o3a2 ̈­âø3a2o3a2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ æß 3 ́ ̈ ́ø¥ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ·2 

©Æ· ̈·21 ø2o ­·12ao æß ø¥¥ °øÆ ̈·a­Ú 

æ ̃ Ÿa2aÆø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

i fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2â·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈a æß ÆaoaÆa21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈·21 ø22 ́ø¥ 

Æa°±Æ ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ  ́2¥a­­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a 2± ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ ­°a1⁄2·oß Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao ·2 

 ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a fl°°a2o·®Ú 

i —21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ø ́o· ̈­âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø¥¥±© ±21±·21 

aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ø ́o· ̈­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ 

±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ oa­·12ø ̈ao Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ̄­ ̃Ú 

i Œa1⁄2±Æo­ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ 

flŒfiÙ ±Æ  ̈ ̧a·Æ oa­·12ø ̈ao Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ̄­ ̃ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­  ̈± aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ±Æ ø ́o· ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 

Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ú 

i Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± Æa ̈ø·2 ø¥¥ Æa1⁄2±Æo­ 

°aÆ ̈ø·2·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 aÚ1ÚÙ ·2TM±·1⁄2a­Ù 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø2o 1⁄2±ÆÆa­°±2oa21⁄2aÙ o±Æ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ 

 ̈©± ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa a2o­ ±Æ  ̈ ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ o·2ø¥ °øß3a2 ̈Ù 

© ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ ·­ ¥ø ̈aÆÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

i ¤2o±Æ1⁄2a3a2 ̈â°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶·21  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

 ̈± a2o±Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3­Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±TM·­·±2­  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú×Ú ̃ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù 

æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

Û ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ø2o 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ±o ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈Òa21·2a ·­ 2±2Û±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥Ù 3ø¥o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2·21Ù ±Æ oø3ø1aoÚ 

Û ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ±°aÆø ̈a ±Æ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆéÆa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

Û ×2 ̈a2 ̈·±2ø¥ oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

Û ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao oaøo¥·2a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ú 

Û ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ø¥¥±© o±Æ ø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2aÙ ·o ÆaØ ́·ÆaoÙ ±Æ  ̈ø3°aÆ·21 ©· ̈ ̧ 

ø2 ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao oaTM·1⁄2a ±Æ oø ̈øÚ 

Û ”·­ ́­a ±o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­ °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ú 

Û ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ±Æ oø ́¥ ̈ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

Û ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ÆaØ ́·Æao o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±Æ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÚ 

i Œa3ao·a­ o±Æ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

Û Œa1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o ø¥¥ ±Æ ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

Û — ̈ ̧aÆ o·­1⁄2ø¥ °a2ø¥ ̈·a­ ±2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ­aTMaÆ· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 2±2Û

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÚ 

Û ›ø21⁄2a¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Û fl æø2 ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2 o ́ ̈ ́Æa Õ ̈ø ̈a ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa 

°Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

Û –Æ± ̧·æ· ̈·21 ø ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ oÆ±3 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·21 ·2 ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a 

·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3Ú 

i ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈Æø2­oaÆ ø2o æ ́ßÛ± ́ ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ­ ×Ú⁄Ú  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ×ÚÿÚ ̃Ú 

i ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± oaø¥aÆ­ ±Æ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ­âø¥¥±©ø21⁄2a o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °øß3a2 ̈­ 

 ̈± 1± o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈± TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ oaø¥aÆ­ ±Æ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ­ ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø­a ±o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ 

°øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­Ú › ̧a1⁄2μ­ 3øß æa 3øoa °øßøæ¥a  ̈± æ± ̈ ̧ °øÆ ̈·a­Ê aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆ ø2o oaø¥aÆ ±Æ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆÙ ·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÚ 

i ×2oa°a2oa2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±ÆâaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·­ ø2 ·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ø2o 2±2a ±o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ ø1a2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́ao ø­ ø1a2 ̈­ ±Æ a3°¥±ßaa­ ±o flŒfi ±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2aâaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21 –Æ±1Æø3Û

o ́2oao a21·2a­ ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 

3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ù ø2o ø­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i Ã·3a ·­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a­­a21⁄2aâ ̈·3a ·­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a­­a21⁄2a ·2  ̈ ̧a °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ±o ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i –Æ±1Æø3 ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao13a2 ̈âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1a  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

ø­ ø o ́2o·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ·2 ø2ß Æa¥ø ̈ao 3ao·ø aTMa2 ̈­ ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2· ̈ß 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±ÆßÛ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 a¥a3a2 ̈­ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ æÆaøμo±©2  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ßÒaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­aÙ ¥øæ±Æ o±Æ 

Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈Ò·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

i ¤¥·1·æ¥a 1⁄2±­ ̈­â1⁄2±­ ̈­ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈·ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ±o flŒfiÛø°°Æ±TMao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i “±2ÛÕ ̈ø ̈a 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o­ ø2o ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ̄­ ̃ ±o  ̈ ̧±­a o ́2o­â·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ 1⁄2ø­ ̧Ù ·2Ûμ·2oÙ ±Æ 

± ̈ ̧aÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú 

i ×2a¥·1·æ¥a 1⁄2±­ ̈­â1⁄2±­ ̈­ 2± ̈ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈·ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ±o flŒfiÛø°°Æ±TMao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÚ 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a æa21⁄2 ̧3øÆμ­â ̈ ̧a a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ a­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø22 ́ø¥ 

3·¥aø1a ±Æ a21·2a  ̧± ́Æ­ oÆ±3 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̃ ø2o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̄a­ ̈·3ø ̈ao “—® 

ø2o –” Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥·oa ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈ao Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ ̃ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 

2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­âaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1Æaa­  ̈± °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

±o ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ±Æ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù ø2o °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o 

 ̈ ̧a 2a©Ò ́°1Æøoao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± o·2ø¥ °øß3a2 ̈Ú ×o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ·­ ­·12ao æao±Æa 

°ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ ±ÆoaÆ  ̈ ̧a 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́2 ̈·¥  ̈ ̧a 

a®·­ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̧ø­ °ø­­ao °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥aâ ̈·3aoÆø3a ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 3ø¶±Æ 

3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Ú 

i Õ1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a  ̈± a®°a2o o ́2o­âa­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

i ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈â­ ̈a°­ ÆaØ ́·Æao o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈± ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa 

±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ßÒ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2aâaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ­a1⁄2 ́Æ·21 

©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ø2o 3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21 ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a ±2  ̈ ̧a 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈  ̈± Æa°øß  ̈ ̧a 

Õ ̈ø ̈aé­ ·2TMa­ ̈3a2 ̈ ·2 1⁄2ø­a ±o 3ø¶±Æ oø3ø1aÚ 

i ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a­â°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ÆaØ ́·Æ·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈± ø1Æaa  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o  ́­a ±o ø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2a ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú ⁄±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­ ø2o  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈  ́ ̈·¥·¶·21  ̈ ̧a Áð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ

±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ±° ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·­ Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­·21Ù ·2­ ̈ø¥¥·21Ù 

ø2o 3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21 ø oaTM·1⁄2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø2 °Æ±o ́1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 Æa°±Æ ̈­ ÆaØ ́·Æao æß flŒfiÙ 

ø­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ao ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

ÔÓÚ Ãø® Æa°±Æ ̈·21 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø¥¥ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø2o oaoaÆø¥  ̈ø® Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °øß3a2 ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­Ú Ã ̧·­ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 

ÆaØ ́·Æ·21  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o  ̈ø® ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ́­·21 oaoaÆø¥  ̈ø® ⁄±Æ3 ...ÛÁÙ ø2o ·­­ ́·21 ø 

oaoaÆø¥ ⁄±Æ3 ÔðÁÁ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± Æa°±Æ ̈  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̈ø® ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ⁄Æø21⁄2 ̧·­a Ãø® fi±øÆo 

ø2o oaoaÆø¥ ×2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ ŒaTMa2 ́a ÕaÆTM·1⁄2aÚ 

ÔÌÚ –Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3­

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 3øß  ́­a ø ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3 ̄­ ̃ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß ÆaTM·­a  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÔÌ ø­ 2aaoao 

ø2o °±­ ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

ø ̃ Ÿa2aÆø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

‘aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 3·2·3 ́3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ê 

i Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ æa ­·12ao ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̄ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ ̃Ù ø2o 3 ́­ ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± æa Æa°¥ø1⁄2aoÙ 

 ̈ ̧a 2a© Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao ¥a­­aaÚ

i Ã ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ æa  ̈ ̧a ¥a1ø¥ ±©2aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ±o ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o 

3 ́­ ̈ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3 ø­ a· ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­±Æ ±Æ ¥a­­aaÚ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 3øß æa ø3a2oao  ̈± 1⁄2 ̧ø21a  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈é­ 

°øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 ·2 ø ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3Ù ±Æ 1⁄2 ̧ø21a  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­±Æ ·o ø°°Æ±TMao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ßÚ fl¥¥ ø3a2o3a2 ̈­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao °Æ·±Æ  ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2Ú 

i ŸÆø2 ̈ o ́2o­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß æa  ́­ao  ̈± ±oo­a ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø°· ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æao ́1⁄2a 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ·21⁄2·°ø¥ ±©ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­aa  ̈± ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÚ Ã ̧a ¥a­­±Æ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ ·3°±­a 

ø 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a ±2  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­aa o±Æ ø2ß °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ø­ ø 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

¥aø­a °øß3a2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a ¥a­­±Æ 3øß ­a ̈ ø ¥aø­a °øß3a2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æa1⁄2± ́°­  ̧·­ ±Æ 

 ̧aÆ ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ°±1⁄2μa ̈ ·2TMa­ ̈3a2 ̈  ̈± ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a  ̈ ̧a 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o ø Æaø­±2øæ¥a Æø ̈a ±o 

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥aø­aÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ æa ø°°¥·ao 

 ̈±©øÆo øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

i fl­ ø Æa3aoß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ±o ø ¥a­­aa  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­±ÆÙ ©· ̈ ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ù 3øß  ̈Æø2­oaÆ  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± ø 2a© 

¥a­­aaÙ ­± ¥±21 ø­  ̈ ̧a 2a© ¥a­­aa ø1Æaa­  ̈± ­·12 ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 

 ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ù o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú 

i fl  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·21 ·2 ø ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a 

–Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø­ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 1⁄2±3°a ̈·21 o±Æ o ́2o·21  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ä  ̈ ̧aß 3 ́­ ̈ 1⁄2±3°a ̈a ø1ø·2­ ̈ ø¥¥ ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ø2o  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

i –Æ·±Æ  ̈± a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3 ̄­ ̃Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ 

­ ́æ3· ̈ °Æ±1Æø3 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o ­ø3°¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o±Æ ÆaTM·a© ø2o 

ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ú ‹a¥·TMaÆøæ¥a­ o±Æ ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

Û Õø3°¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ̄­ ̃  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©·¥¥ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

¥a­­±ÆÙ ¥a­­aaÙ ø2oÒ±Æ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa a2 ̈· ̈·a­ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

Û Õø3°¥a ¥aø­a Æ·oaÆ  ̄­aa  ̄1⁄2 ̃ æa¥±© ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ æa a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao æß ¥a­­±Æ ø2o ¥a­­aaÚ 

i — ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ­°a1⁄2·o·ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ø2o °±­ ̈ao ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

æ ̃ ‘a1ø¥ ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̧±¥o æ± ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­±Æ ø2o ¥a­­aa ¥a1ø¥¥ß ¥·øæ¥a  ̄·ÚaÚÙ 

¶±·2 ̈¥ß ø2o ­aTMaÆø¥¥ß ̃ o±Æ 1⁄2±3°¥ß·21 ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

Ã ̧aÆa øÆa 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a ©øß­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ ø ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ a2­ ́Æa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­±Æ ø2o ¥a­­aa øÆa ¶±·2 ̈¥ß ø2o ­aTMaÆø¥¥ß ¥·øæ¥aÚ ¤®ø3°¥a­ øÆa 

­ ̧±©2 æa¥±©Ê 

Û fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ ø2 ø°°Æ±TMao øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a­ ø ¶±·2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

¥a­­±Æ ø2o aø1⁄2 ̧ ¥a­­aa © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ø¥¥ –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú Ã ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ 3øß ø¥¥±© 1⁄2aÆ ̈ø·2 °Æ±TM·­·±2­  ̈± ø°°¥ß ­±¥a¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

¥a­­±Æ  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ̃ ±Æ ¥a­­aa  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ̃Ù ­± 

¥±21 ø­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2­  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± a2o±Æ1⁄2a ø¥¥ Æa3ao·a­ o±Æ 2±2Û
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ̄­ ̃Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o o ́2o­ ±Æ 

Æa°±­­a­­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ ·o 2a1⁄2a­­øÆßÚ 

Û fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ ø2 ø°°Æ±TMao øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ 3øß ø¥­± a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ ­a°øÆø ̈a ¥a1ø¥¥ß 

æ·2o·21 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­±Æ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­aaÙ ±Æ  ̈ ̧aß 3øß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a ø 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø¥¥ –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø ¥a­­±Æ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­±Æ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a­ ø 

¥aø­a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ aø1⁄2 ̧ ¥a­­aaÚ –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 1⁄2ø2 æa o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈ao 

æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­±Æ ø2o ¥a­­aaÚ fi± ̈ ̧ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ 3 ́­ ̈ ­°a1⁄2·oß  ̈ ̧a øæ·¥· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o ¥a­­±Æ  ̈± a2o±Æ1⁄2a ø¥¥ Æa3ao·a­ o±Æ ø2ß ¥a­­aaé­ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 

 ́2oaÆ ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i Õaa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú×Ú o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ ‘aø­a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

i ‘a­­±Æ 3 ́­ ̈ o·­1⁄2¥±­a  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·2 ©Æ· ̈·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­aa °Æ·±Æ  ̈± 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·21 ø ¥aø­a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ê 

Û ›±­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a  ̄ ̈± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ¥a­­±Æ °ø·o o±Æ  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ¥a­­  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

1Æø2 ̈ ̃Ú 

Û fl3± ́2 ̈ o ́a ø ̈ ¥aø­a ­·12·21 ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 · ̈a3·¶ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a­Ú 

Û ×2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ Æø ̈aÙ 3±2 ̈ ̧¥ß °øß3a2 ̈Ù ø2o 2 ́3æaÆ ±o °øß3a2 ̈­Ú 

Û fl ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ±o °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥ ¥ø ̈a oaa­Ù °a2ø¥ ̈·a­Ù 3·¥aø1a 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a­Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ · ̈a3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

1⁄2ø2 æa 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­aaÚ 

Û Œa­·o ́ø¥ ±Æ æ ́ß± ́ ̈ ø3± ́2 ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­aa ©·¥¥ æa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± °øß ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a2o ±o  ̈ ̧a 

¥aø­a  ̈aÆ3 ·2 ±ÆoaÆ  ̈±  ̈øμa ±©2aÆ­ ̧·° ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÚ

Û Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈  ̈± ¥a­­aa  ̈±  ̈øμa ±©2aÆ­ ̧·° ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a2o ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥aø­a  ̄ ̈± ̈ø¥ ±o oaa­Ù 

1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a­Ù 3±2 ̈ ̧¥ß °øß3a2 ̈­Ù ø2o Æa­·o ́ø¥ ±Æ æ ́ß± ́ ̈ ø3± ́2 ̈ ̃Ú 

i ×o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±a­ 2± ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈a ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­aaÙ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­±Æ  ̈± ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ·2 ø ¥aø­a Æ·oaÆÚ 

Û Õ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·o ø2ß °Æ±TM·­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥aø­a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2o¥·1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a ¥aø­a Æ·oaÆÙ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥aø­a Æ·oaÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1±TMaÆ2Ú 

Û ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ °Æ±TM·oa o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥a­­aa  ̈± ø­­ ́3a ±©2aÆ­ ̧·° ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Û

o ́2oao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a2o ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥aø­a °aÆ·±oÚ 

Û — ̈ ̧aÆ ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ù ø­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ø2o 

°±­ ̈ao ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

ÔÏÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2Æø° ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ ­1⁄2Æø°°ao  ̄°aÆ3ø2a2 ̈¥ß Æa3±TMao 

oÆ±3 ­aÆTM·1⁄2a ̃ ø2o ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥­ o·­°±­ao ±o ·2 ø2 a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥¥ß ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈øæ¥a 

3ø22aÆÙ ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o ø2ß ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a oaoaÆø¥Ù Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

¥ø©­Ù Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù ±Æ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

Õ1⁄2Æø°°·21 ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ ø2o 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥ o·­°±­ø¥ ø°°¥·a­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ­ ø2o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ÿøÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ­ ø2o TMa­­a¥ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ‘±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ­ ø2o 2a© Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i ›øÆ1± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ Æa°±©aÆ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ËÁ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ o±Æ 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·21 ø¥¥ 

2a1⁄2a­­øÆß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ­1⁄2Æø°Òo·­°±­ø¥ ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈·a­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ̃Ú 

fl¥¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈ao ø2o Æa1⁄2±Æoao 3 ́­ ̈ æa Æaøo·¥ß ø1⁄21⁄2a­­·æ¥a  ̈± TMaÆ·oß  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­1⁄2Æø° 

ø2o o·­°±­ø¥ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ ©aÆa 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a a21·2aÙ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ TMa­­a¥Ù ±Æ 

¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMaÚ ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± flŒfi ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa  ̈± ­ ́°°±Æ ̈ 

±21±·21 –Æ±1Æø3 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ ø ́o· ̈­ ø­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆßÚ

Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao o±Æ ø¥¥ Æa°±©aÆ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ê 

i –Æ·±Æ  ̈± oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ æa ·2 ±°aÆøæ¥a ©±Æμ·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ¥a1ø¥ 

o±Æ  ́­a ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÙ ø­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i Ã ̧a ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ a21·2a æ¥±1⁄2μ  ̄o±Æ Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ̃ ±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÒTMa­­a¥Ò¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMaÙ 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a oÆø3a ø2o a21·2a  ̄o±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ̃ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ° ̧ß­·1⁄2ø¥¥ß 

oa­ ̈Æ±ßao ·2 ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø 3ø22aÆ  ̈± a¥·3·2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a °±­­·æ·¥· ̈ß ±o o ́ ̈ ́Æa ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú ¤21·2a 

æ¥±1⁄2μ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ° ́21⁄2 ̈ ́Æao ø2o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ TMa­­a¥Ù ±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa oÆø3a ­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa 

­ ̧ø¥¥ æa o·­3ø2 ̈¥aoÙ 1⁄2 ́ ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧Ù ø2oÒ±Æ oa3±¥·­ ̧ao  ̈± Æa2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́­a¥a­­ 

ø2o  ̈± °ÆaTMa2 ̈ o ́ ̈ ́Æa  ́­aÚ 

i ‘·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ­ øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± a2 ̈aÆ ·2 ̈± ø2 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

 ̈± Ø ́ø¥·oß o±Æ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2Ú ‹·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ­ øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± æa ¥·1⁄2a2­ao æß  ̈ ̧a 

‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ”± ̈±Æ a ̧·1⁄2¥a­  ̄‹”  ̃  ̄o±Æ ø ́ ̈±Ûo·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ­ ̃Ù ø2o ø¥­±  ̧øTMa ø TMø¥·o 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ¤2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥ –Æ± ̈a1⁄2 ̈·±2 fl1a21⁄2ß  ̄›ø¥Ò¤–fl ̃ ÿø¶øÆo± ́­ ”ø ̈aÆ·ø¥­ 

Ÿa2aÆø ̈±Æ­ –aÆ3· ̈Ú ×2 øoo· ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ a2­ ́Æa 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ ø2ß 

oaoaÆø¥Ù Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥ o·­°±­ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ù Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù °aÆ3· ̈­ ±Æ 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o·21 ·­ 2± ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ ø2ß ­ø¥TMø1a ±Æ 3ø ̈aÆ·ø¥ o·­°±­ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 

 ̧ø¶øÆo± ́­ ©ø­ ̈a øæø ̈a3a2 ̈ oaa­Ù ¥øæ±Æ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ù o·2a­Ù °aÆ3· ̈­Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1aÆa­ ́¥ ̈·21 oÆ±3 oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±Æ o·­°±­ø¥Ú 

i fl¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈± æa ­1⁄2Æø°°ao 3 ́­ ̈  ̧øTMa ø 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ TM·­·æ¥aÙ ø2o ¥a1·æ¥a ­aÆ·ø¥ 

2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ ø ­ ̈ø3° ±o  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ ø°°¥·ao ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ±o 

°ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aaÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa 3 ́­ ̈ ±æ ̈ø·2 o·1· ̈ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a 

a21·2a ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·­  ̈ ̧a ±2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ 

 ̈± æa ­1⁄2Æø°°aoÚ Ã ̧·­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ° ̧± ̈±­  ̈± æa  ̈øμa2 æao±Æa  ̈ ̧a 

a21·2a ·­ oa­ ̈Æ±ßaoÙ ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ ° ̧± ̈±­ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a a21·2a ·­ oa­ ̈Æ±ßao ø­ °aÆ  ̈ ̧a 

­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a  ̈øæ¥a­ ·2 fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÙ fiÙ ‹Ù ø2o ¤Ú 

Ã ̧a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o ø2ß a21·2a ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈ ø TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 2 ́3æaÆ ­ ̈ø3°ao ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 

o±a­ 2± ̈ o ́¥o·¥¥  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

øÆa  ́2oaÆ ̈øμa2 ø­ °aÆ  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a  ̈øæ¥a­ ·2 fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÙ fiÙ ‹Ù ø2o ¤Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Áð ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

ÔÎÚ Œa ́­a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ò¥·3· ̈ao ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa  ̈± ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μflŒfi 3øß ÆaØ ́·Æa ±Æ ø¥¥±©  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± 3øμa a®·­ ̈·21  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ æa·21 Æa°¥ø1⁄2ao  ́2oaÆ 

 ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ ¥·3· ̈ao Æa ́­a  ́2oaÆ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °Æ±1Æø3­ ø°°Æ±TMao æß flŒfiÚ Ã ̧a 

flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ 3øß ø°°Æ±TMa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ́­a °Æ±°±­ø¥­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a­a 1⁄2Æ· ̈aÆ·øÊ 

i ‹a¥·TMaÆ ø2 aØ ́·TMø¥a2 ̈ ±Æ 1Æaø ̈aÆ ø·Æ Ø ́ø¥· ̈ß æa2ao· ̈ ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø  ̄1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈± 

­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ±o  ̈ ̧a 3·oo¥aÛø1ao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa ø2ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ́­ao ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø  ̈± æa Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø –” o·¥ ̈aÆ  ̈± a2­ ́Æa ø 

¥±1⁄2ø¥·¶ao  ̧aø¥ ̈ ̧ æa2ao· ̈Ú 

i ŒaØ ́·Æa ø2ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ́­ao ± ́ ̈­·oa ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø  ̈± æa °ÆaTMa2 ̈ao oÆ±3 ÆaÛa2 ̈aÆ·21  ̈ ̧a 

Õ ̈ø ̈aÚ 

i flÆa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ·21⁄2·°¥a­ ø2o 1±ø¥­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

i ‹± 2± ̈ ·21⁄2Æaø­a –Æ±1Æø3 1⁄2±­ ̈ ø2o o± 2± ̈ ­ ́æ­ ̈ø2 ̈·ø¥¥ß ·21⁄2Æaø­a  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ©±Æμ¥±øoÚ 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈·oß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±o ø2ß 2a© 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧·­ °Æ±TM·­·±2Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ±2  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 

3øoa øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ Æa ́­a ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈Ú 

ÔÍÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±2 ø¥¥ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú –±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

a2 ̈aÆao ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ —2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÚ 

Ã ̧a °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ æao±Æa o·2ø¥ 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o·21 °øß3a2 ̈­ øÆa 3øoa æß  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÙ ø2o øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ ø TMø¥·o ·2TM±·1⁄2a 

°Æ±TM·oao æß  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

–±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ o±Æ ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a 

o±¥¥±©·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ê 

i ›±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ 2ø3aÙ 3ø·¥·21 øooÆa­­Ù ø2o  ̈a¥a° ̧±2a 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧ 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a 

2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·oa2 ̈·o·aÆ­ ø2o ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ ×“ 2 ́3æaÆ o±Æ 

2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ­ o±Æ 2a© a21·2a­Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i ‹·1· ̈ø¥ ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ æa·21 °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ao o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o·¥aÚ Ã ̧·­ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ 

Û fl ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2aÚ 

Û fl ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ o·­ ̈·21 ́·­ ̧·21 ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ 

TM·­·æ¥a ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

Û fl ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa­  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̄·ÚaÚÙ  ̈ ̧a a2 ̈·Æa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ 

TMa­­a¥Ù ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMaÙ a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·­ æa·21 ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈aoÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÁÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

i ”a ̈ ̧±o­ o±Æ 1⁄2ø ̈ø¥±1·21Ù ÆaoaÆa21⁄2·21Ù ­ ̈±Æ·21Ù ø2o aø­·¥ß Æa ̈Æ·aTM·21 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧­Ú 

i ·­ ́ø¥ ©· ̈2a­­ ø2o TMaÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÒa21·2aÒaØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø­ 

­ ̈ø ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ 3 ́­ ̈ TM·­ ́ø¥¥ß ©· ̈2a­­ ø2o TMaÆ·oß ø¥¥ a21·2a ­ ̈øÆ ̈ 

 ́°­ ø2o 3±æ·¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±°aÆø ̈·21 °Æ±°aÆ¥ßÚ 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ±¥oÒÆa°¥ø1⁄2ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̄a21·2aÙ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ TMa­­a¥Ù 

±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ̃Ù © ̧aÆa ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÚ Ã ̧a ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈±Æ 3 ́­ ̈ æa °Æa­a2 ̈  ̈± °aÆ­±2ø¥¥ß TMaÆ·oß 

a21·2a Æa3±TMø¥ ±Æ 3 ́­ ̈ æa °Æ±TM·oao o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o ° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 aTM·oa21⁄2a ±o 

 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ æao±Æa ø2o øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a a21·2a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a­a a21·2a­Ú 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1a2aÆø¥ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ øæ±TMaÙ fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛ¤ °Æ±TM·oa 

øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

±° ̈·±2 ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÚ 

ÔÈÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2oÃ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­ oÆ±3 flŒfi æß ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈·21 ø TMø¥·o ŸÆø2 ̈ 

¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ ­·12ao æß ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ø1⁄2 ̈·21  ́2oaÆ 

ø o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú Õaa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú⁄ÚÓÚ o±Æ flŒfié­ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ú 

ÔËÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa  ̧a¥o Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Õaa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ××Ú⁄ÚÈÚ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ø2o 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

fiÚ —æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­Ù ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­Ù ø2o ¤øÆ2ao ×2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

ÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÍÚÎ ̄æ ̃ ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± ø©øÆo  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­ TM·ø 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ó ßaøÆ­ ±o flŒfi ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·21 o ́2o­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ° ́Æ­ ́ø2 ̈  ̈± ø 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ø¥­± ÆaØ ́·Æa­  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈a o ́2o­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 

Ï ßaøÆ­ ±o  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a ø©øÆo ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆÚ Ã ̧a o ́2o­ ÆaTMaÆ ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø –±Æ ̈­ ×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ Õa1⁄2 ́Æ· ̈ßÙ ø2o fl·Æ œ ́ø¥· ̈ß 

×3°Æ±TMa3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈ ·o  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß  ̈·3a oÆø3a­ øÆa 2± ̈ 3a ̈Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß °Æ±TM·oa 

o·Æa1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ Æa1øÆo·21  ̧±©  ̈ ̧·­ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈a ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ø°°¥·ao ·2 ­· ̈ ́ø ̈·±2­ 

© ̧aÆa  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ øÆa a®°Æa­­¥ß °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ao oÆ±3 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a·Æ 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ ø °aÆ·±o ±o  ̈·3a o ́a  ̈± ­ ́­°a2­·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈aé­ æ±2o °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

ÔÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2 ±o o ́2o­  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 

⁄±Æ ⁄«ÓððÈÛðË o ́2o­ ±2¥ßÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ TM·ø a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ÓÏ 3±2 ̈ ̧­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ a®1⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a °aÆ·±o ±o  ̈·3a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©ø­ °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ao oÆ±3 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÁÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

⁄±Æ ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ ø2o ¥ø ̈aÆ o ́2o­Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ 

 ̈ ̧ø2 ÔË 3±2 ̈ ̧­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a ±o  ̈ ̧a a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 flŒfi ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ±Æ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ÔË 3±2 ̈ ̧­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a oø ̈a flŒfi ·­­ ́a­ ø Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ‘a ̈ ̈aÆ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ 1⁄2±3a­ ¥ø ̈aÆÚ 

ÓÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ ±2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

ø ̃ ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa oaøo¥·2a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 oaøo¥·2a­  ̈± ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈a –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

Ã ̧a­a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa oaøo¥·2a­ Æa°Æa­a2 ̈  ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3  ̈·3a ø¥¥±©ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 oø ̈a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø2o 

1⁄2¥±­a ± ́ ̈ ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ê 

i ÔË 3±2 ̈ ̧­  ̈± TMaÆ·oß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ò1⁄2¥±­a ± ́ ̈ °øß3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈Ù Æa°±©aÆÙ 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧ÆaaÛ©øß  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø2o 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ó ßaøÆ­  ̈± TMaÆ·oß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ò1⁄2¥±­a ± ́ ̈ °øß3a2 ̈ o±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù 2±2Û

1Æ·oÛæø­ao ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ ø ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa ±Æ ­ ̧·° 

a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ­ß­ ̈a3Ú 

i Ì ßaøÆ­  ̈± TMaÆ·oß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ù ±æ ̈ø·2 ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ±2a ßaøÆ ±o oø ̈ø ±2 ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥  ́­aÙ 

ø2o 1⁄2¥±­a ± ́ ̈ °øß3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±° ±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i Ï ßaøÆ­  ̈± TMaÆ·oß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ò1⁄2¥±­a ± ́ ̈ °øß3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø2o 

1Æ·oÛæø­ao ­ ̧±Æa °±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

æ ̃ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

¤®1⁄2a° ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø­a ±o ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa­Ù ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ Æa·3æ ́Æ­a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­ o±Æ ±ÆoaÆ­ ±Æ ø2ß °øß3a2 ̈­ ±2 ø 2a© a21·2aÙ °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈øμa °¥ø1⁄2a °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø°°Æ±TMø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2Ú 

‹aø¥aÆ­ ±ÆoaÆ·21 a21·2a­Ù aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ø­­ ́3a ø¥¥ 

o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ Æ·­μÙ ø2o øÆa ·2 2± ©øß ø­­ ́Æao 1Æø2 ̈ o ́2o­Ú 

fl2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß 2± ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa a21·2a­Ù aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù 2±Æ 3øß ©±Æμ 

æa1·2 ±2 ø Æa°±©aÆ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ ø °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÙ  ́2 ̈·¥ 

 ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ·­ o ́¥¥ß a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈aoÚ 

1⁄2 ̃ ×2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­  ̄Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈­ ̃ 

...· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2 ±o ø°°Æ±TMao o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­ ø­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × ÚflÚÔÔÚÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ·2TM±·1⁄2a 

°øß3a2 ̈­Ú ×2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­ °Æ±TM·oa –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ±2 ø 

Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈ æø­·­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÁÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

flo ̈aÆ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ø ­ø ̈·­oø1⁄2 ̈±Æß °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±2 ø 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ ø2 · ̈a3·¶ao ·2TM±·1⁄2a 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ 2a© a21·2aÙ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ ±Æ °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

o±Æ Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈Ú ÿ±©aTMaÆÙ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß 

Æa·3æ ́Æ­a  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ́°±2 ­ ́æ3·­­·±2 ±o ø TMø¥·o ·2TM±·1⁄2a ±21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ øÆa 3a ̈Ê 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ±Æ oaø¥aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ oa¥·TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̄­ ̃  ̈± ø ¥·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ 

©· ̈ ̧·2 Ìð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o Æa1⁄2a·TM·21  ̈ ̧a 2a© o ́¥¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ TMaÆ·oß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̧ø­ æaa2 

oa¥·TMaÆao ø2o ·­ ·2 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±oß ±o  ̈ ̧a o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆÚ 

fl2 ·2TM±·1⁄2a ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa · ̈a3·¶ao  ̈± ·21⁄2¥ ́oa a2± ́1 ̧ oa ̈ø·¥  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

°Æ±TM·oa­ Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈ ±2¥ß o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ù ßa ̈ æa 1⁄2¥aøÆ ø2o 1⁄2±21⁄2·­a a2± ́1 ̧ 

 ̈± æa  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2oøæ¥aÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a · ̈a3·¶ao ·2TM±·1⁄2a ø2o ±2¥ß °øß 

o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ́°  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø°­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ø2o  ̈ ̧a 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ±Æ Æa1⁄2a·TMa °øß3a2 ̈­ o±Æ a21·2a­Ù TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ù 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa 2±2Û±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥Ù  ̈ø®a­Ù 1⁄2±2­ ́¥ ̈·21 ­aÆTM·1⁄2a­Ù 

¥·1⁄2a2­aÙ °aÆ3· ̈ oaa­Ù Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ù ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2aÙ ±Æ ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 

o ́2o­Ú 

› ̧øÆ1a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o °øÆ ̈­ ±2 a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa ±2¥ß a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ 

o ́2o·21 ·o  ̈ ̧aß øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a 2a© 

a21·2a ø2o ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao a3·­­·±2­ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥ 

TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a ±Æ Æa°ø·ÆÚ ¤®ø3°¥a­ ±o ·2a¥·1·æ¥a Æa°±©aÆ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ 

·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê  ̈·Æa­Ù ø®¥a­Ù °ø·2 ̈Ù æÆøμa­Ù ø2o 3 ́oo¥aÆ­Ú 

”±­ ̈ ¥øæ±Æ a®°a2­a­ øÆa 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Â  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2­ 

øÆaÊ ¥øæ±Æ  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ ø o·a­a¥ –” o·¥ ̈aÆ ±2 ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ ¥øæ±Æ  ̈± 3øμa 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß TMa­­a¥ 

3±o·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o ·2­ ̈ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a 2a© a21·2a ·2 ø  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù ø2o ¥øæ±Æ  ̈± ·2­ ̈ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a 

a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈± ­ ́°°¥ß ø ­ ̧·° æaÆ ̈ ̧ ±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °aoa­ ̈ø¥Ú ... ̧a ̈ ̧aÆ Æa·3æ ́Æ­øæ¥a 

©· ̈ ̧ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±Æ 2± ̈Ù ¥øæ±Æ a®°a2­a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2  ̈ ̧a · ̈a3·¶ao ·2TM±·1⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a oa ̈ø·¥ao 2 ́3æaÆ ±o  ̧± ́Æ­ 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1ao ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ̧± ́Æ¥ß ©ø1aÚ

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß ­ ́æ3· ̈ ø ­·21¥aÙ · ̈a3·¶ao ·2TM±·1⁄2a o±Æ 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥aÙ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ú

×2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­ 3øß æa 3øoa o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±Æ a21·2a oaø¥aÆ ±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈±Æ 

±2¥ß ·o ­ ́1⁄2 ̧ °øß3a2 ̈ øÆÆø21a3a2 ̈­ øÆa ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 1⁄2±°·a­ ±o ø¥¥ ·2TM±·1⁄2a­ ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o °øß3a2 ̈ ·2 

 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o·¥aÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÁÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

o ̃ ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ·2TM±·1⁄2a °øß3a2 ̈­  ̄oa­1⁄2Æ·æao 

øæ±TMa ̃ ±Æ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ ±° ̈·±2 oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

Ã ̧a o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ ±° ̈·±2 ·­ ±2¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù ø2o  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈ Æa°±©aÆ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø°°Æ±TMa ø¥¥ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­ ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a·Æ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú ‹·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈aÆ3­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ Ã ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈aÆ3­ ­°a1⁄2·oß·21 øÆÆø21a3a2 ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± 1± o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß  ̄±Æ ¶±·2 ̈¥ß ̃  ̈±  ̈ ̧a a21·2aÙ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ ±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaø¥aÆ ±Æ 

3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆÚ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß ·­­ ́a ø 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ 3øoa °øßøæ¥a  ̈±  ̈©± °øÆ ̈·a­Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 

ø2o  ̈ ̧a oaø¥aÆ ±Æ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆÙ ±21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ øÆa 3a ̈Ê 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̧ø­ a2 ̈aÆao ·2 ̈± ø2 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ ø TMaÆ·o·ao Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ±o  ̈ ̧a 

oaø¥aÆ ±Æ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆÚ 

i Ã ̧a TMaÆ·o·ao Æa°Æa­a2 ̈ø ̈·TMa ±o  ̈ ̧a oaø¥aÆ ±Æ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ  ̧ø­ ° ̧ß­·1⁄2ø¥ 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±oß ±o  ̈ ̧a 

±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o  ̧ø­ ø1Æaao  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ oa¥·TMaÆao  ̈± ø 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ìð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ·­­ ́ø21⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μÚ 

ÌÚ ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̈Æø1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao ±2 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ̧a¥o ·2 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈­ æa1·22·21 ·33ao·ø ̈a¥ß øo ̈aÆ Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ oÆ±3 flŒfiÚ 

ø ̃ ›ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ 1a2aÆø¥ ¥ao1aÆ ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈Æø1⁄2μ 

·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao ø2o a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­ ±2 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ×o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2­ · ̈­ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·2 ø 2±2Û­a1Æa1ø ̈ao ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈·21 Æa1⁄2±Æo­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·Æ­ ̈ ­a°øÆø ̈a­ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2ooÆ±3 ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o­ øo3·2·­ ̈aÆao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a2 o ́Æ ̈ ̧aÆ ­a°øÆø ̈aaøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧a Æa¥ø ̈ao a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa­Ú 

i Ã ̧a 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa æø­ao ±2 ø2 øTMaÆø1a oø·¥ß æø¥ø21⁄2a ±Æ ­±3a ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

Æaø­±2øæ¥a ø2o oa3±2­ ̈Æøæ¥a 3a ̈ ̧±o ±o Æaø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1⁄2aao­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a o ́2o 

æø1⁄2μ ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

i ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa  ̈Æø1⁄2μao ­ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧ø ̈ · ̈ ·­ ­a°øÆø ̈a¥ß ·oa2 ̈·o·øæ¥a oÆ±3 ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ¤ø1⁄2 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ 3a ̈ ̧±o±¥±1ß o±Æ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·21  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao ±2 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̧±© · ̈ 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a­ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ o±Æ · ̈­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 

o·­1⁄2ø¥ °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÁÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

æ ̃ Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao ø2o a®°a2oao ±2 ø¥¥ 

–Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈Ú 

i ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ 1a2aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa ̈ø·2ao o±Æ ø 

3·2·3 ́3 ±o ÌÎ ßaøÆ­ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ oø ̈a  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ oaoaÆø¥ ø2o ­ ̈ø ̈a 

æ±2o ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

1⁄2 ̃ ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa °Æ±TM·­·±2­ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ a®°a2o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao oÆ±3 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±2 a¥·1·æ¥a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú›Ú ̃Ú 

×o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao  ̈±  ́­a ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ o±Æ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­Ù 

 ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß  ́­a ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ o±Æ øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa 1⁄2±­ ̈­  ́°  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a 3ø®·3 ́3 ø¥¥±©ao æß  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ 

øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

×o ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­  ́2øæ¥a  ̈± a®°a2o ø¥¥ ±Æ ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ø­ ­°a1⁄2·o·ao 

·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú›ÚÙ  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa ̈ ́Æ2ao  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ ÆaÛ

ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú

›Ú ⁄ ́2o·21 Œa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ä ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß 

ÔÚ –Æ±1⁄2a­­ o±Æ Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æ·21 o ́2ofl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a ø2o a®°a2o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÚ fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß 3øß 1⁄2 ̧±±­a  ̈± Æa ̈ ́Æ2  ́2 ́­ao o ́2o­  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ Æaø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø ̧aøo ±o ø ÆaTMaÆ­·±2 

oaøo¥·2a ·o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2ø22± ̈ ­°a2o  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÆaTMaÆ­·±2 oaøo¥·2aÚ Ã ̧a 

flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆ ±Æ  ̧·­ ±Æ  ̧aÆ oa­·12aa  ̧ø­  ̈ ̧a ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̈± Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa o ́2o­ o±Æ 

Æaø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ÆaTMaÆ­·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ù ø2o 3øß ø3a2o ±Æ 3±o·oß ø2 

·3°ø1⁄2 ̈ao 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù ±Æ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ ø 2a© 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ù  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧·­ 

°±¥·1⁄2ßÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø1Æaa  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

Œa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao o ́2o­ 3øß æa1⁄2±3a øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·2 ­aTMaÆø¥ ©øß­ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21Ù 

æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ê 

i fl¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈ao  ̈± ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß æß flŒfiÚ 

i ⁄ ́2o­ ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa Æa ̈ ́Æ2ao ±Æ 2± ̈ 

­°a2 ̈ °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈ø ̈ ́ ̈±Æß oaøo¥·2aÚ 

i ¤øÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ú 

i ⁄ ́2o­ °ø·o  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß æß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ TM±¥ ́2 ̈øÆß æ ́ß± ́ ̈Ù 

·2TM±¥ ́2 ̈øÆß æ ́ß± ́ ̈  ̄aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ Æa2oaÆao ·2±°aÆøæ¥a ̃Ù ±Æ °a2ø¥ ̈·a­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÁÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

ÓÚ ¤®°a2o·21 Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao o ́2oÃ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈a ø2o a®°a2o Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao o ́2o­ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 

 ̧·aÆøÆ1⁄2 ̧ßÊ 

i ¤¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±2  ̈ ̧a flŒfiÛø°°Æ±TMao Æø2μao ¥·­ ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 

1⁄2±TMaÆao æß  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1a2aÆø ̈ao  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­Ú 

i ¤¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ oÆ±3 ø 2a© ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 1⁄2±TMaÆao 

æß  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1a2aÆø ̈ao  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­Ú 

i À°±2 flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ø°°Æ±TMø¥Ù a¥·1·æ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o±Æ ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß 

1⁄2±TMaÆao æß ø2 a®·­ ̈·21 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o flŒfiÚ 

Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa ̈ ́Æ2 Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao o ́2o­  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ ÆaÛø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·o · ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ 

a®°a2o  ̈ ̧a3 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a­a °Æ·±Æ· ̈·a­Ú 

i ...· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a a®1⁄2a° ̈·±2 ±o o ́2o­ ø1⁄2Ø ́·Æao  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ æ ́ß± ́ ̈­ ø2o °a2ø¥ ̈·a­Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥  ̈Æø1⁄2μ o ́2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß æß ßaøÆ ±o ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈·±2Ú fl ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± 

 ̈Æø1⁄2μ ø¥¥ o ́2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß æß o·­1⁄2ø¥ ßaøÆÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥¥ß ø¥¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß  ́­·21  ̈ ̧a 

Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ —2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÚ 

‹Ú —21±·21 ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±2 ø2 ±21±·21 æø­·­Ú Ã ̧a ±21±·21 

aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­ ·­ oa­·12ao  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o Õfi ËË ø2o 

 ̈ ̧a Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æé­ ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 aoo±Æ ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê ±21±·21 oa­μ 

ÆaTM·a©­ ±o Æa°±Æ ̈­ ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ́°oø ̈a­ °Æ±TM·oao æß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­Ù 

ÆaTM·a© ±o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ́2· ̈ oø ̈ø  ̄ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ù ­· ̈a ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù ÆaTM·a© ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ¥±1­Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3aø­ ́Æaoaa3ao ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a æß flŒfi ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °aÆ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ⁄·2ø21⁄2aÙ  ̈ ̧a 

fi ́Æaø ́ ±o Õ ̈ø ̈a fl ́o· ̈­Ù ±Æ ø2ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao oa­·12aaÙ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­Ù o ́Æ·21 2±Æ3ø¥ æ ́­·2a­­ 

 ̧± ́Æ­Ù  ̈± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ ±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

¤Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ ̈ø·2Ù TMaÆ·oßÙ ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi ø¥¥ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø­ ± ́ ̈¥·2ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÁÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

ÔÚ œ ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß oø ̈ø  ́°oø ̈a­ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi Ø ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß oø ̈ø  ́°oø ̈a­ ±2 ø¥¥ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

ø2o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ aø1⁄2 ̧Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a­a 

 ́°oø ̈a­  ́­·21  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ —2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­a © ̧a2 øTMø·¥øæ¥aÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß Ø ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß oø ̈ø  ́°oø ̈a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa1·2Ù ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù ±2a Ø ́øÆ ̈aÆ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a 

æa1·22·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÙ ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a  ́2 ̈·¥  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±TM·oaflŒfi ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈  ̄­aa æa¥±© ̃Ú Ã ̧a­a Ø ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß oø ̈ø 

 ́°oø ̈a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2 ́3 ́¥ø ̈·TMaÙ Æao¥a1⁄2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a 3±­ ̈ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß  ̈a3°±ÆøÆ·¥ß a¥·3·2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧·­ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ 1Æø2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa 

­ ́­°a2oaoÙ ±Æ  ̧øTMa Æa1⁄2a2 ̈¥ß æaa2 ­ ́­°a2oaoÙ o ́a  ̈± ¥ø1⁄2μ ±o æ±2o o ́2o·21Ú 

œ ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß oø ̈ø  ́°oø ̈a­  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ù ·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÊ 

i Õ ̈øÆ ̈ ø2o a2o oø ̈a­ ±o 3±­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

i À°oø ̈a­  ̈± aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 Æa1⁄2a·TMao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21Ê 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

Û ⁄ ́2o·21 ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao o±Æ o ́2o·21Ù 2± ̈ o ́2oao ̃Ú

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

Û ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­  ̄ø1⁄2 ̈·TMaÒ©· ̈ ̧oÆø©2Ò·2a¥·1·æ¥a ̃Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±æ¥·1ø ̈aoÚ 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ a®°a2oaoÒÆa3ø·2·21  ̄æÆaøμo±©2 æß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­ ø2o 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 o ́2o­ ̃Ú 

ÓÚ Õa3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ 

—2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­a ±Æ ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ 3a ̈ ̧±o a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß flŒfiÚ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa1·2  ̈ ̧a ßaøÆ o±¥¥±©·21 ·2· ̈·ø¥ flŒfi °øß3a2 ̈ ±o 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

flŒfi ­ ̈øoo 3øß ­ ̈ø2oøÆo·¶a  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ oø ̈a­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a­a Æa°±Æ ̈­ ø2o 2± ̈·oß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ±2  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao 

æß flŒfi Åÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÎÚðÓ ̄o ̃ ̄Ô ̃ ø2o ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈÃÚ Ã ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o  ̈ ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈ 

·­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aø1⁄2 ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ æa·21 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß oø­ ̧·±2Ù ©· ̈ ̧·2 

 ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2±°a ø2o æ ́o1a ̈ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao © ̧a2 flŒfi ø©øÆoao o ́2o·21Ú 

fl ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a ­a3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ê 

i fl¥¥ oø ̈ø ÆaØ ́·Æao ·2  ̈ ̧a Ø ́øÆ ̈aÆ¥ß Æa°±Æ ̈Ú 

i fl3± ́2 ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao oÆ±3 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i Œa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao o ́2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß  ̄­aa › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú›Ú ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú ‘±1⁄2ø¥ fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÁË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

i Ã ̧a ø2 ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈ao 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a­ ̈·3ø ̈ao 

1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

i fl1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ́2oaÆ ̈øμa2  ̈± a2­ ́Æa o ́2oao ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ æa·21 ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ao 

ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± æ ́o1a ̈ ø¥¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ ø °¥ø2 o±Æ ø1⁄2 ̧·aTM·21  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ æß 

a· ̈ ̧aÆ o±©2Û­1⁄2±°·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ æß ·oa2 ̈·oß·21 ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o ́2o·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­  ̈± 3aa ̈ 

ø2ß ·oa2 ̈·o·ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·21⁄2Æaø­a­ ø2o Æa3ø·2 ©· ̈ ̧·2 æ ́o1a ̈Ú 

i Ã ̧a ø2 ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈ao o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ 

­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©ø­ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈aoÚ 

i Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈Æø1⁄2μ·21 aoo±Æ ̈­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ ±°aÆø ̈·21 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­  ̄·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a Æa­ ́¥ ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆ­Ù ±21⁄2a øTMø·¥øæ¥a ̃Ú 

i Õ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2aÚ 

i fl o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ ­·12ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßé­ › ̧·ao flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa —oo·1⁄2aÆÙ › ̧·ao 

⁄·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ —oo·1⁄2aÆÙ ±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 ŸÆø2 ̈ flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈±Æ TMaÆ·oß·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ oø ̈ø ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø ̈aÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

 ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± μ2±©2 ·2­ ̈ø21⁄2a­ ±o oÆø ́oÚ 

i fl2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 

ÌÚ ‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ 

‘±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ 

 ̈ ̧ø2 ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­ o±¥¥±©·21  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ Åÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÎÚðÓ ̄o ̃ ̄Ó ̃ÃÚ Ã ̧·­ Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 Æa1øÆo·21 

 ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±2 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ø2o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

fl ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ù øø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÙ æø­ao ±2 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 1 ́·oø21⁄2a oÆ±3 flŒfi ­ ̈øooÊ 

i Ã ̧a o·2ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a­ ̈·3ø ̈ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a 

1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

i Ã ̧a o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈·3a  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©ø­ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈aoÚ 

i Ã ̧a °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ± ́ ̈1⁄2±3a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̄2 ́3æaÆ ±o °·a1⁄2a­ ±o 1⁄2¥aø2aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

ø2o Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2 –” ø2o “—® a3·­­·±2­ ̃ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 

æa21⁄2 ̧3øÆμ­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a 1Æø2 ̈ ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ Ú Õ ̈ø ̈a fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÁÁ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

 Ú Õ ̈ø ̈a fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

flŒfi ©·¥¥ a2 ̈aÆ ·2 ̈± ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ øÆa ø©øÆoao 

o ́2o­ o±Æ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±1Æø3  ̄¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ̃Ú ×o flŒfi ·­  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ø1a21⁄2ßÙ 2± ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ·­ ÆaØ ́·ÆaoÚ Ã ̧a ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

­°a1⁄2·oß  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ø2oÒ±Æ · ̈­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ̄­ ̃ 3 ́­ ̈ 3aa ̈Ú 

Ã ̧a­a ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ·3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ø2o o ́2o·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

flÚ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

fl Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ·3°¥a3a2 ̈·21 ø ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̄a· ̈ ̧aÆ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß ±Æ  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ̃ 3 ́­ ̈ 

3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­Ê 

i À­a o ́2o­  ̈±  ́°1Æøoa ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a a¥·1·æ¥a o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ·2 fl°°a2o·® flÚ 

i flo ̧aÆa  ̈± ø2ß o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥  ̈aÆ3­ ø2o 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÙ © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß 

·21⁄2¥ ́oa ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ Æø ̈aÙ ¥±ø2  ̈aÆ3Ù ø2o 3·2·3 ́3 1⁄2Æao· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i ”ø·2 ̈ø·2 ø ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ©aæ­· ̈aÚ 

i À­a 3øÆμa ̈·21 ­ ̈Æø ̈a1·a­ ·2 °øÆ ̈2aÆ­ ̧·° ©· ̈ ̧ flŒfi ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­  ̈±  ̈øÆ1a ̈ 

·2oa°a2oa2 ̈ ±©2aÆÛ±°aÆø ̈±Æ­ ø2o ­3ø¥¥aÆ o¥aa ̈­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 2aao o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2aÚ 

⁄±Æ ¥±ø2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­ © ̧± øÆa 2± ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TM·21 ø –Æ±1Æø3 1Æø2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ 

· ̈­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ̄­ ̃ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­±Ê 

i ‹a ̈aÆ3·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈­ 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i ›±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ ø 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μ ±2  ̈ ̧a ±¥o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ø2o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ 

i –aÆo±Æ3 °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±o ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i –aÆo±Æ3 °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ±o 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i ¤2­ ́Æa ±¥o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ ­1⁄2Æø°°aoÚ 

fiÚ ÃÆø2­oaÆÙ —æ¥·1ø ̈·±2Ù ø2o ¤®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o ⁄ ́2o­ 

⁄ ́2o­ ©·¥¥ æa 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao © ̧a2 øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ø2o  ́°±2 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú flŒfi ©·¥¥  ̈Æø2­oaÆ  ̈ ̧a o ́2o­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a 

ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

×o 2± ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao æa1⁄2ø ́­a flŒfi ·­  ̈ ̧a Æa1⁄2·°·a2 ̈Ù o ́2o­ øÆa 

1⁄2±2­·oaÆao ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao © ̧a2  ̈ ̧aß øÆa ø©øÆoao æß  ̈ ̧a fi±øÆo ø2o øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± flŒfi o±Æ 

a®°a2o· ̈ ́ÆaÚ ⁄ ́2o­ øÆa 1⁄2±2­·oaÆao a®°a2oao  ̄¥·Ø ́·oø ̈ao ̃ © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ · ̈­ 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ̄­ ̃  ̧ø­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 © ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÊ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·21 ¥±ø2 

o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­Ù  ̈Æø2­oaÆÆ·21 o ́2o­ ·2 ̈± ø2 ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈ o±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa­Ù ±Æ  ̈Æø2­oaÆÆ·21 o ́2oo±Æ ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ Æø ̈a ­ ́æ­·o·a­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ Ú Õ ̈ø ̈a fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Ôðð ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

›Ú —21±·21 ¤TMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ±o ‘±ø2 ø2o ‘±ø2 Ÿ ́øÆø2 ̈aa –Æ±1Æø3­ 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­ ø2o ø2ß 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈±Æ ̄­ ̃ ­ ̧ø¥¥ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a ¥±ø2 ø2o ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ±2 

ø2 ±21±·21 æø­·­  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ø1⁄21⁄2± ́2 ̈øæ·¥· ̈ß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o Õfi ËË ø2o  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±TMaÆ2±Æé­ 

¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ ÕÛðÓÛðÈÚ Ã ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·2 · ̈­ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

 ̈± flŒfi o±Æ o ́2o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·æa­  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ aTMø¥ ́ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a­a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú flŒfi 

­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ o±Æ ±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °aÆ3· ̈  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ  ̈ ̧a ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ⁄·2ø21⁄2aÙ  ̈ ̧a 

fi ́Æaø ́ ±o Õ ̈ø ̈a fl ́o· ̈­Ù ±Æ ø2ß ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao oa­·12aaÙ ø1⁄21⁄2a­­Ù o ́Æ·21 2±Æ3ø¥ æ ́­·2a­­ 

 ̧± ́Æ­Ù  ̈± 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈ ±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a ±o 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ú 

‹Ú Õ ̈ø ̈a fl1a21⁄2ß Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ÔÚ Õa3·Ûø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±æ ̈ø·2Ù TMaÆ·oßÙ ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈·21 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao æa¥±©Ú 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o ́2oaoÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈­ ø2o 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈­ æß ¥±ø2  ̈ß°aÚ 

i Ã± ̈ø¥ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±æ¥·1ø ̈ao ø2o ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈aoÚ 

i fl3± ́2 ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ aøÆ2ao oÆ±3 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i fl 1⁄2 ́3 ́¥ø ̈·TMa ¥·­ ̈ ±o ø¥¥ ¥±ø2 ø2o ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o ́2oao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 

·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

i fl o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ ­·12ao æß ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß TMaÆ·oß·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ oø ̈ø ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø ̈aÙ 

ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± μ2±©2 ·2­ ̈ø21⁄2a­ ±o oÆø ́oÚ 

i fl2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÚ 

ÓÚ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ 

Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2·a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈  ̈± flŒfi ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ 

 ̈ ̧ø2 ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­ o±¥¥±©·21  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ¥·Ø ́·oø ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a 

·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ Åÿ ̇Õ yÌÁÍÓÎÚðÓ ̄o ̃ ̄Ó ̃ÃÚ 

Ã ̧·­ Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 Æa1øÆo·21  ̈ ̧a a®°a2o· ̈ ́Æa ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ±2 

øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ø2o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ Ú Õ ̈ø ̈a fl1a21⁄2ß –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ÔðÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2

Ã ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21Ù ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a 

æø­ao ±2 ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 1 ́·oø21⁄2a oÆ±3 flŒfi ­ ̈øooÊ 

i Ã ̧a o·2ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a­ ̈·3ø ̈ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß 

ø1Æaa3a2 ̈Ú 

i Ã ̧a o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a  ̈ ̧a 

·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ©ø­ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈aoÚ 

i Ã ̧a °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ± ́ ̈1⁄2±3a­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̄2 ́3æaÆ ±o 1⁄2¥aø2aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ o ́2oao 

1⁄2±3°øÆao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a æa21⁄2 ̧3øÆμ­ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ·2 ̈aÆø1a21⁄2ß ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ ̃Ú 

i fl ¥·­ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ¥±ø2 ø2o ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i fl3± ́2 ̈ ±o ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2Æ ́ao ±2 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i ‘·­ ̈ ø2o oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ o ́2oao ©· ̈ ̧ aøÆ2ao ·2 ̈aÆa­ ̈Ú 

i fl o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ ­·12ao æß ø2 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ·¶ao ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a ø1a21⁄2ß TMaÆ·oß·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ oø ̈ø ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈ ·­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø ̈aÙ 

ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± μ2±©2 ·2­ ̈ø21⁄2a­ ±o oÆø ́oÚ
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú Ÿa2aÆø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ÔðÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­

 ×Ú Ÿa2aÆø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

flÚ —©2aÆ­ ̧·° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ­·12ao ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ æa  ́°1Æøoao ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2aoÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ­ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧ ø2o ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMa a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ­ß­ ̈a3­ 

­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ­·12ao ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a o ́ ̈ ́Æa ±©2aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ æa1⁄2ø ́­a  ̈ ̧aÆa 

·­ 2± a®·­ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú “±2Û±©2aÆ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ øÆa 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ o ́2o·21Ú 

×2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ ±Æ 1⁄2±3°ø2·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±°aÆø ̈a  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́2oaÆ ø ¥aø­a ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 

©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ øÆa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ao oÆ±3 ø°°¥ß·21 o±Æ æ±2o o ́2o·21Ú 

×2o·TM·o ́ø¥­ ±Æ 1⁄2±3°ø2·a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈¥ß ±©2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ æ ́ ̈ ©·¥¥ ±°aÆø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́2oaÆ ø ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 ø1Æaa3a2 ̈ 3øß °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·o ø ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û

±©2 °Æ±1Æø3 ·­ ±ooaÆao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ± ́ ̈¥·2ao ·2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ × ÚflÚÔÌÚ 

Ã ̧a ±©2aÆ ±o a®·­ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø°°¥ß·21 o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈  ́2oaÆ ø ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 

°Æ±1Æø3 3øß ø°°¥ß ¶±·2 ̈¥ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao ¥a­­±Æ ±Æ ¥a­­aaÚ 

fiÚ Ã ̧·Æo –øÆ ̈ß fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

Ã ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ øÆa 2± ̈ ø¥¥±©aoÚ Ã ̧a ±©2aÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ ­·12 

ø2o ø1Æaa  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

fl  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß 3øßÙ  ̧±©aTMaÆÙ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a ø2 ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̄·2 © ̧±¥a ±Æ ·2 °øÆ ̈ ̃ ±2  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆéæa ̧ø¥oÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈·a­Ú 

Ã ̧a  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ­·12ø ̈ ́Æa ø2o oø ̈a ¥·2a­Ù ø2o æ¥ø2μ­ o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß  ̈± ¥·­ ̈  ̧±© 3 ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧aß øÆa æa·21 °ø·oÙ ·o ø2ß ̈ ̧·21Ù  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a  ̈ ̧a 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o © ̧ø ̈ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ±o o ́2o­ øÆa æa·21  ́­ao  ̈± °øß  ̈ ̧a3Ú 

›Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß ÆaoaÆ  ̈± fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛ⁄ o±Æ oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2­ ø2o ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±3°¥ß 

©· ̈ ̧ ø¥¥ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ø2o Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ·2  ̈ ̧a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧±­a ø¥¥±©øæ¥a 

ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­ ø°°Æ±TMao  ̈± ·3°¥a3a2 ̈Ù 1⁄2±2­·­ ̈a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×××Ú›Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ øÆa øoTM·­ao  ̈± 1⁄2øÆao ́¥¥ß ÆaTM·a©  ̈ ̧a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 °ø1⁄2μa ̈­ °Æ±TM·oao æß 

¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±oÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú Ÿa2aÆø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ÔðÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­

‹Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ÔÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2 ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2 fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛ⁄Ú Ã ̧·­  ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2Ê  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÙ  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̄©· ̈ ̧ o ́2o·21 ¥aTMa¥ ø2o °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ̃Ù 1⁄2±­ ̈­Ù ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a­Ù ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥Òø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß 

oø ̈ø  ̈± Ø ́ø2 ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

ÓÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a 

fl­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± 3aa ̈·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 3ø¶±Æ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a­ ¥·­ ̈ao 

æß ­± ́Æ1⁄2a 1⁄2ø ̈a1±Æß ·2 fl°°a2o·1⁄2a­ flÛ⁄Ú Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ­ ̧ø¥¥ ø¥­± æa 

·21⁄2¥ ́oao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­·12ao æa ̈©aa2  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆÚ flo¶ ́­ ̈3a2 ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a °Æ·±Æ  ̈± 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·±2 3øß ±2¥ß 

±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 1⁄2±2­a2 ̈Ú 

ÌÚ ›ø­aÛæßÛ1⁄2ø­a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 

—2¥ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­ æaß±2o  ̈ ̧±­a ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a­a 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ 3øß æa Æa1⁄2±33a2oao  ̈± flŒfi ­ ̈øoo o±Æ ·21⁄2¥ ́­·±2 ·2 o ́ ̈ ́Æa Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a  ́°oø ̈a­Ú 

ÏÚ ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o o·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ø2o o·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa­  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­·12Ù  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ê 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±21⁄2a  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ́æ3· ̈­  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ ·2 ø2ß 

 ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ o±Æ o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMaÙ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù TMa­­a¥Ù æaÆ ̈ ̧Ù ±Æ 

oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ß  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3 ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ›øÆ¥ ”±ßaÆ °Æ±1Æø3Ú Ã ̧·­ °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈·±2 o±a­ 2± ̈ 

·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ ¥±ø2­ ±Æ ¥±ø2 1 ́øÆø2 ̈aa­Ú 

i ‹·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa ±o ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ̄­ ̃ ±o o ́2o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ̧ø­ ø°°¥·ao 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©± ́¥o æa  ́­ao o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a o·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·oa2 ̈·oß 

 ̈ ̧a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ±o o ́2o­Ù  ̧±© 3 ́1⁄2 ̧ ·­ æa·21 ø°°¥·ao o±ÆÙ ø2o © ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a o ́2o·21 ©± ́¥o æa 

 ́­ao o±ÆÚ 

i ‹·­1⁄2¥±­ ́Æa ±o  ̈ ̧a TMø¥ ́a ±o ø2ß a®·­ ̈·21 o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·Æa1⁄2 ̈¥ß Æao ́1⁄2a­  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ø® 1⁄2Æao· ̈­ ±Æ oao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ù 1Æø2 ̈­Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ 

ø­­·­ ̈ø21⁄2aÙ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ̧ø­ ÆaTM·a©ao  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·­ 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 2a· ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ 2±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̧ø­ ø2ß ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ±o flŒfi Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú Ÿa2aÆø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ÔðÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ·­ Æaø­±2øæ¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥a  ̈± 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao  ̈·3aoÆø3aÚ 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ ©aÆa 2± ̈  ́­ao  ̈± °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ß  ́°1Æøoa  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

·oa2 ̈·o·ao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ù a®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ o ́2o­ Æa1⁄2a·TMao  ̈± Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ø 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø o·a­a¥ –” o·¥ ̈aÆÚ 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ̧ø­ ø¥¥  ̈ ̧a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 2aaoao  ̈±  ́2oaÆ­ ̈ø2o 

© ̧ø ̈ 3 ́­ ̈ æa o±2a  ̈± 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 a¥·1·æ·¥· ̈ß o±Æ –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú Ã ̧·­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­ 

3ø·2 ̈ø·2·21 Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Â μaa°·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2 ¥a1ø¥ ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2Â 1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈·21 

ø2ß ø·Æ °±¥¥ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2­Â ø2o Æa°±Æ ̈·21Ù Æa°ø·Æ·21Ù ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧øæaa2 oø3ø1aoÙ oa­ ̈Æ±ßaoÙ ±Æ ­ ̈±¥a2Ú flŒfi ­ ̈øoo ­ ̧ø¥¥ oaTMa¥±°Ù ø2o 3øμa øTMø·¥øæ¥a 

±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈aÙ ø oø1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧aa ̈ o±Æ ø¥¥ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2·a­ o±Æ ·21⁄2±Æ°±Æø ̈·±2 ±Æ 

ø ̈ ̈ø1⁄2 ̧3a2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú

Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß æa ø¥¥±©ao  ̈± ÆaÛø°°¥ß o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 ·o ø 

°ÆaTM·± ́­ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̧ø­ æaa2 Æa¶a1⁄2 ̈ao ø2o ·­ 2± ¥±21aÆ æa·21 

1⁄2±2­·oaÆao æß ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ o ́2o·21Ú 

fl2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ © ̧± ·­ o± ́2o  ̈±  ̧øTMa ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao 3 ́¥ ̈·°¥a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ­ø3a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø2o 2± ̈ o·­1⁄2¥±­ao ø2ß ± ̈ ̧aÆ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÙ ±Æ Æa1⁄2a·TMao o·2ø21⁄2·ø¥ ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa 

3øß æa o·­Ø ́ø¥·o·ao oÆ±3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ a21·2a ±Æ °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ú Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß ø¥­± æa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈ao oÆ±3 ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈·21 o ́ ̈ ́Æa 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­  ̈± ø2ß ø2o ø¥¥ flŒfi ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­Ù ±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa °Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

ÎÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ¥·­ ̈  ̈ ̧a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a ̄­ ̃ o ́2o­  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±°±­ao –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ù ø2o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧·21 o ́2o­ oÆ±3 

± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù oaoaÆø¥Ù ±Æ °Æ·TMø ̈a ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­Ú Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± 

oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a o ́2o øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ß ±Æ °Æ±TM·oa °Æ±±o ±o ø°°Æ±TMao o·2ø21⁄2·21 ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21 

 ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ÆaTM·a© °Æ±1⁄2a­­Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 3øß ·oa2 ̈·oß ø2ß ¥±ø2 ±Æ ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3­  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ·2 ̈a2o­  ̈±  ́ ̈·¥·¶a  ̈± o ́¥¥ß o ́2o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

Ã ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a °Æ·1⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 

­ ̧·°°·21 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a­Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±Æ 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄ø­ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú ×2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 

1⁄2±­ ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±2¥ß ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈­ 2a1⁄2a­­øÆß  ̈± ±°aÆø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­ 3øß ±2¥ß æa  ́­ao o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­Ú 

i —° ̈·±2ø¥ · ̈a3­  ̄­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø­ 1⁄2·1øÆ ¥·1 ̧ ̈aÆ­ ±Æ 1⁄2 ́­ ̈±3 3 ́o o¥ø°­ ±2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ̃ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa °ø·o ø ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆé­ a®°a2­aÚ 

i Ãø®a­Ù oaa­Ù ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2aÙ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ 1⁄2 ̧øÆ1a­ 3øß 2± ̈ æa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú 

i ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2· ̈ß ø2o o ́a¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ 3øß 2± ̈ æa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú Ÿa2aÆø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ÔðÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­

i ›±­ ̈­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o °øÆ ̈­ ±2 a21·2a Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa ±2¥ß a¥·1·æ¥a o±Æ 

o ́2o·21 ·o  ̈ ̧aß øÆa ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a aooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ø2o o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2·21 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

2a© a21·2aÙ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̧·aTMa  ̈ ̧a a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao a3·­­·±2­ °aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ °øÆ ̈ ±o 

 ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a ±Æ Æa°ø·ÆÚ ¤®ø3°¥a­ ±o ·2a¥·1·æ¥a Æa°±©aÆ 

1⁄2±­ ̈­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê  ̈·Æa­Ù ø®¥a­Ù °ø·2 ̈Ù æÆøμa­Ù ø2o 3 ́oo¥aÆ­Ú 

Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a  ̈± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ ßaøÆ ±o ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

¤Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —°aÆø ̈·±2 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ©· ̈ ̧ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ 

 ̈ ̧a ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ o ́2oao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ –Æ±1Æø3Ù ·2 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú ¤®1⁄2a° ̈ o±Æ ø°°Æ±TMao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 °Æ±1Æø3­Ù 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß 2± ̈ ø­­·12Ù ­a¥¥Ù  ̈Æø2­oaÆÙ ¥·1⁄2a2­aÙ ±Æ ­ ́æ1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2ß Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ ±Æ 

±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­  ̈± ø  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß ©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a a®°Æa­­ °Æ·±Æ ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 1⁄2±2­a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

⁄Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ fl1⁄21⁄2·oa2 ̈ø¥¥ß Œa2oaÆao ×2±°aÆøæ¥a ±Æ Õ ̈±¥a2 

×o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß oa ̈aÆ3·2a­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

–Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈  ̧ø­ æaa2 ø1⁄21⁄2·oa2 ̈ø¥¥ß Æa2oaÆao ·2±°aÆøæ¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

±©2aÆ 3øß Æa°¥ø1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ·2±°aÆøæ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao  ̈± aØ ́ø¥ ±Æ ¥±©aÆ 

a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­Ù ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈  ̈± 1⁄2¥±­aÛ

± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈·oß 

 ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±©2aÆ 1⁄2 ̧±±­a­  ̈±  ́­a  ̧·­Ò ̧aÆ ±©2 o ́2o­  ̈± Æa°¥ø1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a 

·2±°aÆøæ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao  ̈± aØ ́ø¥ ±Æ ¥±©aÆ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­Ù ø2o 

1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ °Æ±TM·o·21  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧  ́°oø ̈ao ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 2a© 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

×o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ Æa°±Æ ̈­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 

 ̧ø­ æaa2 ­ ̈±¥a2Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧·­ ·­ 1⁄2±2o·Æ3ao æß ø °±¥·1⁄2a Æa°±Æ ̈ ø2o ø2 ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a 1⁄2±3°ø2ß 

oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2 ±o ¥±­­ o ́a  ̈±  ̈ ̧ao ̈Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß Æa°¥ø1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a ­ ̈±¥a2 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao  ̈± aØ ́ø¥ ±Æ ¥±©aÆ a3·­­·±2 ¥aTMa¥­ ø ̈  ̧·­Ò ̧aÆ ±©2 

1⁄2±­ ̈Ù ø2o 1⁄2±2 ̈·2 ́a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈  ̈± 1⁄2¥±­aÛ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a 

 ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·o  ̧a ±Æ ­ ̧a 1⁄2 ̧±±­a­  ̈± 1⁄2¥±­aÛ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ o ́a  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2·oa2 ̈ ±Æ  ̈ ̧ao ̈Ú Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa ­ ́°°±Æ ̈·21 

o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ ­ø¥TMø1a  ̈· ̈¥aÙ °±¥·1⁄2ß Æa°±Æ ̈Ù ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a 1⁄2±3°ø2ß oa ̈aÆ3·2ø ̈·±2Ù 1⁄2±°ß 

±o ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a 1⁄2±3°ø2ß Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈ Ø ́± ̈aÒ1⁄2 ̧a1⁄2μÙ ø2oÒ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ̃  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

a® ̧·æ· ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©ø­ ø1⁄21⁄2·oa2 ̈ø¥¥ß Æa2oaÆao ·2±°aÆøæ¥a ±Æ ­ ̈±¥a2 ø2o Æa3· ̈ 

 ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ø3± ́2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÊ 

×2­ ́Æø21⁄2a Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈ ø3± ́2 ̈  ̄3·2 ́­ ø2ß ¥·a2 ø3± ́2 ̈­ ̃Ù ±Æ 

„ Û l

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ‘·oa

›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø¥ ́a ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ Œa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa fl3± ́2 ̈ ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø¥ ́a ¤¥ø°­ao ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ‘·oa
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú Ÿa2aÆø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ÔðÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­

¤®ø3°¥aÊ fl2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ Æa1⁄2a·TMa­  ̧ÎðÙððð ·2 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ±©2aÆ ­·12­ ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ o·TMa ßaøÆ­ 

 ̄Íð 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ̃Ú Ã ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­ ø2o ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­  ̄ÏÓ 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ̃ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̧ø­ æaa2 °±­ ̈Û

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ao ø2o °¥ø1⁄2ao ·2 ̈± ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ Æa2oaÆao ·2±°aÆøæ¥a ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a øæ±TMa oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2Ú Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈  ̈± 1⁄2¥±­aÛ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o °øß  ̧ÔÎÙððð  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ Œa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æa fl3± ́2 ̈Ê  ̧ÔÎÙððð „  ̧ÎðÙððð ä  ̄ÏÓ 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ®  ̄ ̧ÎðÙðððÒÍð 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ̃ ̃ 

ŸÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ÃÆø2­oaÆÒÕø¥a­ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ©· ̈ ̧ a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

æa o ́¥¥ß ø2o ¥a1ø¥¥ß Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ o ́2oao  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ 

–Æ±1Æø3 ·2 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß 2± ̈ 

ø­­·12Ù ­a¥¥Ù  ̈Æø2­oaÆÙ ¥·1⁄2a2­aÙ ±Æ ­ ́æ1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2ß Æ·1 ̧ ̈­ ±Æ ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­  ̈± ø  ̈ ̧·Æo °øÆ ̈ß 

©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a a®°Æa­­ °Æ·±Æ ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 1⁄2±2­a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

×o  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ±©2aÆ ±o –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2 ̧±±­a­  ̈± ­a¥¥  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ o±Æ 

ø2ß Æaø­±2Ù ±Æ ·­ ÆaØ ́·Æao  ̈± Æa°¥ø1⁄2a  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧ 1⁄2¥aø2aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ·±Æ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

a2o ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÙ  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o 

Æa1⁄2a·TMa °Æ·±Æ ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 1⁄2±2­a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

–Æ·±Æ  ̈± 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·21  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·2o±Æ3  ̈ ̧a °øÆ ̈ß ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­·21 

 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ù ø2o o·­1⁄2¥±­a  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú Ã ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧·21 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ æa ̈©aa2 

 ̈ ̧a 2a© ±©2aÆ ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß  ̈± oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æø2­oaÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ø2o 

 ̈aÆ3­Ú Ã ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ °Æ±TM·o·21  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a °Æ·1⁄2a ±o ø¥¥ ­±¥o –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

Ã ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a °Æ±­°a1⁄2 ̈·TMa 2a© ±©2aÆ ©· ̈ ̧ TMø¥·o 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ 

·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­±  ̈ ̧a 2a© ±©2aÆ 1⁄2ø2 ø­­ ́3a ¥a1ø¥ Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈ß  ́2oaÆ 

 ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ±Æ a2 ̈aÆ ·2 ̈± ø 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ßÙ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2oaÆ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú Ã ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ © ̧± 

Æa1⁄2a·TMao –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈ æa Æa¥·aTMao ±o  ̧·­ ±Æ  ̧aÆ ¥a1ø¥ ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2  ̈± o ́¥o·¥¥  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ́2¥a­­  ̈ ̧a 2a© ±©2aÆ  ̧ø­ ø­­ ́3ao Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈ß  ̈ ̧Æ± ́1 ̧ ø2 

a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

×o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ ­±¥oÙ ø2o  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ oø·¥ao  ̈± o ́¥o·¥¥  ̈ ̧a 

Æa­°±2­·æ·¥· ̈·a­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2  ̈ ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ù Æa3ao·a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 2±2Û

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·3°±­ao  ̄­aa ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 × æa¥±© ̃Ú
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú Ÿa2aÆø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ÔðÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­

ÿÚ —° ̈·±2ø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ fi ́ßÛ± ́ ̈ 

×o  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ±o –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ±æ¥·1ø ̈·±2­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ ø2ß Æaø­±2 ø2o o±a­ 2± ̈  ́­a  ̈ ̧a ±° ̈·±2­ ·2 ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ⁄ 

ø2o Ÿ øæ±TMaÙ  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈  ̈± æ ́ßÛ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2·21  ̈·3a ±2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ °Æ·±Æ 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a a2o ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3Ú Ã ̧a ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ 2± ̈·oß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o Æa1⁄2a·TMa 

°Æ·±Æ ©Æ· ̈ ̈a2 1⁄2±2­a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 

­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa3· ̈  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ æ ́ßÛ± ́ ̈ ø3± ́2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a Æa3ø·2oaÆ ±o 

 ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ TMø¥ ́a ø2o ø2 øo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa oaaÚ fl2ß 3±2·a­ Æa1⁄2a·TMao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 

 ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧·­ æ ́ßÛ± ́ ̈ °Æ±TM·­·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa  ̈Æaø ̈ao ø­ Æa1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æao o ́2o­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × Ú›Ú Ã ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ æ ́ßÛ± ́ ̈ ø3± ́2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa oa ̈aÆ3·2ao 

ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o±Æ3 ́¥ø ­ ̧±©2 æa¥±©Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ fi ́ßÛ± ́ ̈ ⁄±Æ3 ́¥øÊ 

flo3·2 ⁄aa

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ‘·oa

¤¥ø°­ao ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ‘·oa ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø¥ ́a ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ fi ́ß — ́ ̈ fl3± ́2 ̈ ›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø¥ ́a ıl

Û „ Û

Ã ̧a flo3·2·­ ̈Æø ̈·TMa ⁄aa ­ ̧ø¥¥ æaÊ 

i  ̧ÎÙððð o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i  ̧ÔðÙððð o±Æ ¥±1⁄2±3± ̈·TMaÙ 1⁄2±33aÆ1⁄2·ø¥  ̧øÆæ±Æ 1⁄2Æøo ̈Ù ø2o 1⁄2øÆ1± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

i  ̧ÓÎðÙððð o±Æ ­ ̧·°­ ø ̈ æaÆ ̈ ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 

¤®ø3°¥aÊ fl2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ Æa1⁄2a·TMa­  ̧ÎðÙððð ·2 –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o·21 o±Æ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a ±©2aÆ ­·12­ ø2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ o±Æ o·TMa ßaøÆ­ 

 ̄Íð 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ̃Ú Ã ̧Æaa ßaøÆ­ ø2o ­·® 3±2 ̈ ̧­  ̄ÏÓ 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ̃ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̧ø­ æaa2 °±­ ̈Û

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈ao ø2o °¥ø1⁄2ao ·2 ̈± ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈­  ̈± 1⁄2¥±­aÛ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a 

± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈  ̈± 1⁄2¥±­aÛ± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ø2o °øß  ̧ÓðÙððð  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

›±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ fi ́ßÛ± ́ ̈ fl3± ́2 ̈Ê  ̧ÓðÙððð „  ̄ ̧ÎðÙððð Û  ̄ÏÓ 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ®  ̄ ̧ÎðÙðððÒÍð 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ̃ ̃ ̃ ı  ̧ÎÙððð 

×Ú ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ “±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 

fl¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈­ ­·12ao æß  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa 2±2Û

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a °Æ±TM·­·±2­ a2o±Æ1⁄2aøæ¥a æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ “±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a ·21⁄2¥ ́oa­Ù 

æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈aÆ3­ ø2o 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ±o ø2 a®a1⁄2 ́ ̈ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù 

·21⁄2¥ ́o·21Ù æ ́ ̈ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2­ ø2o 1a±1Æø° ̧·1⁄2 

Æa­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈Òa21·2a ·­ 2±2Û±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥Ù 3ø¥o ́21⁄2 ̈·±2·21Ù ±Æ oø3ø1aoÚ 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ±°aÆø ̈a ±Æ 3ø·2 ̈ø·2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆéÆa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

› ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×Ú Ÿa2aÆø¥ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ÔðË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± 3aa ̈ a­ ̈øæ¥·­ ̧ao oaøo¥·2a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ú 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± ø¥¥±© o±Æ ø2 a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21 oaTM·1⁄2aÙ ±Æ  ̈ø3°aÆ·21 ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao 

oaTM·1⁄2a ±Æ oø ̈øÚ 

i ”·­ ́­a ±o o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈­  ̈± TMa2o±Æ­ °Æ±TM·­·±2­Ú 

i ×2­ ́oo·1⁄2·a2 ̈Ù ·21⁄2±3°¥a ̈aÙ ±Æ oø ́¥ ̈ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

i ⁄ø·¥ ́Æa  ̈± °Æ±TM·oa ÆaØ ́·Æao o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±Æ Æa°±Æ ̈­ ·2 ø  ̈·3a¥ß 3ø22aÆÚ 

Œa3ao·a­ o±Æ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 2±2Û°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2a 3øß ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ øÆa 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i Œa1⁄2±TMaÆß ±o ø¥¥ ±Æ ø °±Æ ̈·±2 ±o –Æ±1Æø3 o ́2o­Ú 

i — ̈ ̧aÆ o·­1⁄2ø¥ °a2ø¥ ̈·a­ ±2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ æø­ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ­aTMaÆ· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a 2±2Û

°aÆo±Æ3ø21⁄2aÚ 

i ›ø21⁄2a¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i fl æø2 ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ øæ·¥· ̈ß  ̈± °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈a ·2 o ́ ̈ ́Æa Õ ̈ø ̈a ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa 

°Æ±1Æø3­Ú 

i –Æ± ̧·æ· ̈·21 ø ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 °·a1⁄2a ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ oÆ±3 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·21 ·2 ø2± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a ·21⁄2a2 ̈·TMa 

°Æ±1Æø3Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

fl––¤“‹×›¤Õ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

Å ̈ ̧·­ °ø1a ·2 ̈a2 ̈·±2ø¥¥ß æ¥ø2μÃ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

fl––¤“‹×›¤Õ flÛ¤ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

o±Æ ⁄«ÓððËÛðÁ ø2o ‘ø ̈aÆ ⁄ ́2oæß Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ›ø ̈a1±Æß 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

Å ̈ ̧·­ °ø1a ·2 ̈a2 ̈·±2ø¥¥ß æ¥ø2μÃ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

fl––¤“‹×» fl ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ 

 ̄›±3æ·2a­ –±Æ ̈ÒŒø·¥ «øÆo ø2o — ̈ ̧aÆ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ̃ 

flÚ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ 

¤¥·1·æ¥a 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

ÿaøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ́­ao  ̈± 3±TMa 1±±o­  ̄ø 3ø¶±Æ· ̈ß ±o  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ̃ ©· ̈ ̧ ø oa1⁄2¥øÆao 

ŸÆ±­­ a ̧·1⁄2¥a ...a·1 ̧ ̈  ̄Ÿ ... ̃ ±Æ oa1⁄2¥øÆao ›±3æ·2ao ŸÆ±­­ a ̧·1⁄2¥a ...a·1 ̧ ̈  ̄›Ÿ... ̃ ±o 

ÍðÙððÔ ¥æ­ ±Æ 1Æaø ̈aÆ ±2 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ‹a°øÆ ̈3a2 ̈ ±o ”± ̈±Æ a ̧·1⁄2¥a  ̄‹”  ̃ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̄‹” 

©a·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±oa ç’å ±Æ  ̧·1 ̧aÆ ̃ ø2o ø 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ 1Æ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21  ̄Ÿ ...Œ ̃ ±o 

ÌÔÙððð ¥æ­ ±Æ 1Æaø ̈aÆ ¥·­ ̈ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o TMaÆ·o·ao ø ̈ °ÆaÛ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈aÊ 

i fl ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ÈÎ ̊ ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­Ú 

i Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ê 

± ›±2 ̈·2 ́± ́­ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̄›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao ±Æ ×2 ̈aÆ2ø ̈·±2ø¥ Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 

–¥ø2  ̄×Œ– ̃ ̃ ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­Ù ±Æ 

± › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ø2o 3·2·3 ́3 Ë 3±2 ̈ ̧­ øTMø·¥øæ¥a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø 

‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̧·­ ̈±Æß ­ ́°°¥a3a2 ̈ao æß ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈a o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧±©·21 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ±°aÆø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­Ú 

i “a© a21·2a­ o±Æ Æa°±©aÆ ±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ 3aa ̈  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a –Æ±1Æø3 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ê 

± ”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­ 3aø2­ ðÚÓð 1Òæ ̧°Û ̧Æ ±Æ ¥a­­ “—®  ̄⁄¤‘ ø2o ›¤ŒÃ 

TMø¥ ́a­ ̃ ø2o ðÚðÔ 1Òæ ̧°Û ̧Æ ±Æ ¥a­­ –”  ̄›¤ŒÃ TMø¥ ́a ̃ ø­ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao æß ø2 flŒfi 

¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±Æ ±2ÛÆ±øo  ́­a ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 ·2 ̈a2oao ­aÆTM·1⁄2a ±o ÿaøTMßÛÿaøTMß 

‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥  ̄ÿÿ‹‹ ̃ o±Æ o·a­a¥ a21·2a­ ±Æ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß — ̈ ̈±  ̄ÿ‹— ̃ o±Æ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o ́a¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ú 

± ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2­ 3aø2­ ÔÚÓð 1Òæ ̧°Û ̧Æ ±Æ ¥a­­ “—®  ̄⁄¤‘ ø2o ›¤ŒÃ 

TMø¥ ́a­ ̃ ø2o ðÚðÔ 1Òæ ̧°Û ̧Æ ±Æ ¥a­­ –”  ̄›¤ŒÃ TMø¥ ́a ̃ ø­ 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao æß ø2 flŒfi 

¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±Æ ±2ÛÆ±øo  ́­a ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 ·2 ̈a2oao ­aÆTM·1⁄2a ±o ÿÿ‹‹ o±Æ o·a­a¥ 

a21·2a­ ±Æ ÿ‹— o±Æ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o ́a¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ú 

i “a© ±Æ  ́­ao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­ao o±Æ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̧øTMa ø 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆéŸ ...Œ ±o ÌÌÙððÔ ¥æ­ ±Æ 1Æaø ̈aÆ  ̄›¥ø­­ Ë ̃Ú 

‹Æøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±©2aÆ­ øÆa a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± ø°°¥ß o±Æ °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß oÆøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o ́2o·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3øß æa 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ ±Æ –” ı “—® Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ·o  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈aø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a a®·­ ̈·21  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± æa  ́°1ÆøoaoÊ 

i ”aa ̈­ ø¥¥ ±o  ̈ ̧a ± ̈ ̧aÆ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

i ”øoa ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ÔÓ TM·­· ̈­  ̈± ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø °±Æ ̈­ ø2o Æø·¥ ßøÆo­  ̄1⁄2±3æ·2ao ̃ ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥ø­ ̈ 

ÔÓ 3±2 ̈ ̧­Ú 

i ⁄±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̄—° ̈·±2 Ô ̃Ù  ̧ø­ ø ”«ÔÁÁÏÛÓððÌ a21·2aÙ ø2o ©øÆa1·­ ̈aÆao ·2  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ‹Æøßø1a ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ Œa1·­ ̈Æß ø2o ©ø­ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 flŒfiÛ

TMaÆ·o·ao ‘aTMa¥ Ì o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ æß ÷ ́2a ÌðÙ ÓðÔðÚ 

i ⁄±Æ –” ı “—® Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­  ̄—° ̈·±2 Ó ̃Ù  ̧ø­ ø ”«ÓððÏÛÓððÍ a21·2aÙ ©øÆa1·­ ̈aÆao ·2  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ‹Æøßø1a ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ Œa1·­ ̈Æß æß ÷ ́2a ÌðÙ ÓðÔðÙ ø2o ©± ́¥o æa 

 ́°1Æøoao ©· ̈ ̧ ø –” ı “—® Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 2± ¥ø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ‹a1⁄2a3æaÆ ÌÔÙ ÓðÔðÚ 

×2a¥·1·æ¥a 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± flŒfié­ ° ́æ¥·1⁄2 ø2o  ́ ̈·¥· ̈ß o¥aa ̈ Æ ́¥aÚ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± flŒfié­ ­±¥·o ©ø­ ̈a 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈·±2 TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a Æ ́¥aÚ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± flŒfié­ o·a­a¥ 1⁄2øÆ1±  ̧ø2o¥·21 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ Æ ́¥aÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃

Ÿa2aÆø¥ 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

 ̄ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a  ̈± 

ø¥¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

±° ̈·±2­ ̃ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ­°a1⁄2·o·ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2Ú 

i flo ̧aÆa  ̈± ø¥¥ –Æ±1Æø3 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÚ 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2  ̄±Æ Áð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 o±Æ ø 

Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ù ·o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±° ̈·±2 ·­ ±ooaÆao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o  ̧ø­ æaa2 

­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ̃ ø2o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø æø­aÛ°¥ø ̈ao Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ±Æ 

›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ×Œ–Ú ‹ ́ø¥ °¥ø ̈a­ ø2o ± ́ ̈Û±oÛ­ ̈ø ̈a Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2­ øÆa °Æ± ̧·æ· ̈aoÚ 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð ̊ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a o± ́Æ  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a o ́Æø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÚ 

i ”ø·2 ̈ø·2 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧ ø oa1⁄2¥øÆao Ÿ ... ±Æ ›Ÿ... ±o ÍðÙððÔ ¥æ­ ±Æ 

1Æaø ̈aÆ  ̄‹” ©a·1 ̧ ̈ 1⁄2±oa ç’å ±Æ  ̧·1 ̧aÆ ̃ ø ̈ ø¥¥  ̈·3a­ o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÚ 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± ø1⁄21⁄2a° ̈ ø2 ±2Ûæ±øÆo a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2 3±2· ̈±Æ·21  ́2· ̈ ø ̈ ø2ß  ̈·3a o ́Æ·21  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 

¥·oaÚ 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i ›±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±ÆoÛμaa°·21Ù Æa°±Æ ̈·21Ù ø2o ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i Õ·12 ø ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a ø2o 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ú 

i –Æ±°aÆ¥ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆéÆa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

i ”ø·2 ̈ø·2 1⁄2±¥¥·­·±2Ò1⁄2±3°Æa ̧a2­·TMa ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2a ±2  ̈ ̧a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o±Æ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈­Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a °Æ±±o ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ±2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i ›±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 flŒfi aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆé­ a2 ̈·Æa 

o¥aa ̈ ±o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a­Ú 

flŒfi ©·¥¥ °±­ ̈ ø2o  ́°oø ̈a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ±2  ̈ ̧a –Æ±1Æø3 ©aæ­· ̈a oa­1⁄2Æ·æ·21  ̈ ̧a ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 

ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ oaøo¥·2a­ ø2o © ̧a2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©·¥¥ æa1⁄2±3a a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± 

æa ·21⁄2¥ ́oao ·2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ Õ ̈ø ̈a©·oa ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ø2o fi ́­ Œ ́¥a o¥aa ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥·ø21⁄2a 

­ ̈Æø ̈a1ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2Ú 

”±o·oß·21 ø2 

fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 3øß 1⁄2 ̧ø21a  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2Ù o ́2o·21 ±° ̈·±2 ±Æ ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 

°Æ±1Æø3 °øÆ ̈·1⁄2·°ø ̈·±2 øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±o  ̧ø­ 1⁄2¥±­ao ·o °aÆ3· ̈ ̈ao æß 

 ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ø2o ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ê 

i Ã ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø21a 3 ́­ ̈ Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ·2 ø o ́2o·21 ø3± ́2 ̈ aØ ́ø¥  ̈± ±Æ ¥a­­  ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a ø3± ́2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

©ø­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã ̧a 1⁄2 ̧ø21a 3 ́­ ̈ Æa­ ́¥ ̈ ·2 ø 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈ao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ aØ ́ø¥  ̈± ±Æ 1Æaø ̈aÆ 

 ̈ ̧ø2  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·­ ̈ao ·2  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ 1⁄2ø22± ̈ ­ ́æ­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a ø o·ooaÆa2 ̈ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ±Æ 1⁄2 ̧ø21a  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ­ ̧·° ±o  ̈ ̧a 

a®·­ ̈·21 TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ·oa2 ̈·o·ao ±2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2 °aÆ·±o  ̧ø­ 

1⁄2¥±­aoÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃ 

–” Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

–øÆ ̈·ø¥ o ́2o·21  ̄­aa ±° ̈·±2­ æa¥±© ̃  ̈± Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÔÁÁÏÛÓððÍ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ 

a21·2a ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 flŒfi TMaÆ·o·ao ‘aTMa¥ Ì –¥ ́­ o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a­ –” æß ËÎ ̊ 

±Æ 3±ÆaÚ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ ­aÆTM·21 °±Æ ̈­ ø2o ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ Æø·¥ ßøÆo­  ̄ø­ ·2o·1⁄2ø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ‹Æøßø1a 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ Œa1·­ ̈Æß ̃ øÆa 2± ̈ a¥·1·æ¥aÚ 

⁄ ́2o·21 

—° ̈·±2­ 

ÔÚ  ̧ÎÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ±o Ó ßaøÆ­Ú 

–Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥  ̄°±­ ̈ 

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ̃ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Í 3±2 ̈ ̧­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

ÓÚ  ̧ÔðÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ±o Ï ßaøÆ­Ú 

–Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥  ̄°±­ ̈ 

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ̃ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ÔÓ 3±2 ̈ ̧­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿa2aÆø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ßÙ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2ß 3·oÛÔÁÁð­ a21·2a ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­±o ̈©øÆa  ́°1Æøoa­ o±Æ o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄·ÚaÚÙ 1⁄2 ̧·° Æao¥ø­ ̧ ̃  ̧ø­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao  ̈ ̧a  ́°1ÆøoaÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃ 

–” ı “—® 

Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈

–øÆ ̈·ø¥ o ́2o·21 ±o  ́°  ̈±  ̧ÓðÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÓððÏÛÓððÍ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß 

o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ a21·2a ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao o·a­a¥ a3·­­·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ­ ̈Æø ̈a1ß  ̄ ‹¤›Õ ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

Æao ́1⁄2a­ “—® a® ̧ø ́­ ̈ a3·­­·±2­ æß ø2 ø3± ́2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­  ̈ ̧a ÓððÈ ±Æ ÓðÔð ”±oa¥ «aøÆ 

“—® ¤3·­­·±2­ ¤Ø ́·TMø¥a2 ̈ ø2o Æao ́1⁄2a­ o·a­a¥ –” æß ËÎ ̊ ±Æ 3±ÆaÚ 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao ‹¤›Õ ø2o o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ 

 ̄°±­ ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ̃ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ì ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú ⁄±Æ o¥aa ̈­ ±o Ì ±Æ oa©aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈± 

 ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a©·oa ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ø2o fi ́­ Œ ́¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ø2o 

±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ 

±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß 

øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

Ã ̧a ÓððÈ ”±oa¥ «aøÆ “—® ¤3·­­·±2­ ¤Ø ́·TMø¥a2 ̈ ·­ oao·2ao æß  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ›±oa ±o 

Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÓðÓÎ ø­ ø ÓððÏÛÓððÍ 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ  ̧aøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ a21·2a 

aØ ́·°°ao ©· ̈ ̧ ø ‹¤›Õ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a­ “—® a® ̧ø ́­ ̈ a3·­­·±2­ æß ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ïð ̊  ̄flŒfi 

”øÆμ Ó Æø ̈·21 ̃Ú 

Ã ̧a ÓðÔð ”±oa¥ «aøÆ “—® ¤3·­­·±2­ ¤Ø ́·TMø¥a2 ̈ ·­ oao·2ao æß  ̈ ̧a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ›±oa ±o 

Œa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­Ù Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÓðÓÎ ø­ ø ÓððÏÛÓððÍ 3±oa¥ ßaøÆ  ̧aøTMßÛo ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ a21·2a 

aØ ́·°°ao ©· ̈ ̧ ø ‹¤›Õ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a­ “—® a® ̧ø ́­ ̈ a3·­­·±2­ æß ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ ËÎ ̊  ̄flŒfi 

”øÆμ Î Æø ̈·21 ̃Ú 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿa2aÆø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ßÙ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ±o Î ßaøÆ­ ±Æ ÎððÙððð 3·¥a­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ 1⁄2±3a­ o·Æ­ ̈Ú 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃ 

Œa°±©aÆ 

–øÆ ̈·ø¥ o ́2o·21 ±o  ́°  ̈±  ̧ÌðÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± Æa°±©aÆ ø  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a ”«ÔÁÁÏÛÓððÍ 

 ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ a21·2a ©· ̈ ̧ ø 2a© a21·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­ ”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­Ú 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao a21·2a ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥  ̄°±­ ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aoÙ 

a®1⁄2a° ̈ ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ̃ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ì ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß 

±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß 

øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú ⁄±Æ o¥aa ̈­ ±o Ì ±Æ oa©aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a©·oa 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ø2o fi ́­ Œ ́¥a ø2o ø¥¥ a¥·1·æ¥a ÔÁÁÁ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿa2aÆø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ßÙ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ±o Î ßaøÆ­ ±Æ ÎððÙððð 3·¥a­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ 1⁄2±3a­ o·Æ­ ̈Ú 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

i Õ1⁄2Æø°  ̈ ̧a ±¥o a21·2aÚ 

i – ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ø 3·2·3 ́3 ±o ø ÔÛßaøÆ ±Æ ÔððÙðððÛ3·¥a 3ø¶±Æ 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈ a21·2a ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ a21·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆ­ °øÆ ̈­ ø2o ¥øæ±ÆÚ 

i –Æ±TM·oa ø 1⁄2±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a© a21·2a 3aa ̈­ 

”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ï ̃ 

Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

–øÆ ̈·ø¥ o ́2o·21  ̄­aa ±° ̈·±2­ æa¥±© ̃  ̈± Æa°¥ø1⁄2a Ô ±Æ Ó  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̄­ ̃ aØ ́·°°ao ©· ̈ ̧ a¥·1·æ¥a 

”«ÓððÌ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥ a21·2a ̄­ ̃ ©· ̈ ̧ ø o·a­a¥ ±Æ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o ́a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÚ 

⁄ ́2o·21 

—° ̈·±2­ 

 ̄oÆøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ̃

—©2aÆ­ ±o a¥·1·æ¥a oÆøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø ”«ÔÁÁÏÛÓððÌ a21·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± Áð ̊ ±Æ 

Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2 3øß  ̧øTMa  ̈ ̧a ±° ̈·±2  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ °Æ·±Æ· ̈·¶ao o ́2o·21 øo±¥¥±©­Ê 

ÔÚ  ̧ÎðÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o±Æ ø Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 a21·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­ ”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­Ú 

ÓÚ  ̧ÌðÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o±Æ ø Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 a21·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­ ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2­Ú 

Ã± æa a¥·1·æ¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3 ́­ ̈  ̧øTMa ¥a­­  ̈ ̧ø2 ÎððÙððð 3·¥a­ ©· ̈ ̧ 

±o±3a ̈aÆ TMaÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

“± ̈aÊ ×o °Æ·±Æ· ̈ß oÆøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o ́2o·21 ·­ a® ̧ø ́­ ̈ao æao±Æa ø¥¥ a¥·1·æ¥a oÆøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ øÆa 

o ́2oaoÙ ø2ß Æa3ø·2·21Ù  ́2o ́2oao oÆøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ©·¥¥ 1⁄2±3°a ̈a ©· ̈ ̧ ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

⁄ ́2o·21 

—° ̈·±2­ 

 ̄± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ̃ 

—©2aÆ­ ±o ø¥¥ a¥·1·æ¥a 2±2ÛoÆøßø1a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±33· ̈  ̈± Áð ̊ ±Æ Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß 

±°aÆø ̈·±2 1⁄2ø2 1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ o ́2o·21 ø­ o±¥¥±©­Ê 

ÔÚ  ̧ÍðÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o±Æ ø Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 a21·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­ ”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­Ú 

ÓÚ  ̧ÏðÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ o±Æ ø Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 a21·2a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­ ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2­Ú 

Ã± æa a¥·1·æ¥aÙ  ̈ ̧a  ́­ao Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3 ́­ ̈  ̧øTMa ¥a­­  ̈ ̧ø2 ÎððÙððð 3·¥a­ ©· ̈ ̧ 

±o±3a ̈aÆ TMaÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø ̈  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ –Æ±1Æø3Ûo ́2oao Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥  ̄°±­ ̈Û

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aoÙ a®1⁄2a° ̈ ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ̃ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ì ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú ⁄±Æ o¥aa ̈­ ±o Ì ±Æ 

oa©aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a©·oa ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ø2o fi ́­ Œ ́¥a ø2o ø¥¥ a¥·1·æ¥a ÔÁÁÁ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø 

Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿa2aÆø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ßÙ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Î ßaøÆ­ ±Æ ÎððÙððð 3·¥a­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ 1⁄2±3a­ o·Æ­ ̈Ú 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2  ̄±Æ Áð ̊ ·o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ±° ̈·±2  ̧ø­ æaa2 ­a¥a1⁄2 ̈ao ̃Ú 

i Õ1⁄2Æø°  ̈ ̧a ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̄­ ̃Ú 

i – ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ø 3·2·3 ́3 ±o ø ÔÛßaøÆ ±Æ ÔððÙðððÛ3·¥a 3ø¶±Æ 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈ a21·2a ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆ­ °øÆ ̈­ ø2o ¥øæ±ÆÚ 

i –Æ±TM·oa ø 1⁄2±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ a21·2a 

3aa ̈­  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ”«ÓððÈ ±Æ ”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃

—° ̈·±2  ̄Î ̃ 

Ã ̧ÆaaÛ...øß 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 

ÃÆø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

ÔÚ  ̧ÍðÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ø2 a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̧ø­ ø ”«ÔÁÁËÛÓððÍ a21·2a  ̄ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ̃ 

©· ̈ ̧ ø o·a­a¥ ±Æ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa o ́a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̄ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ › ̃ 3aa ̈·21 ”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­Ú 

ÓÚ —° ̈·±2ø¥  ̧ÎÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈± aØ ́·° ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao ‘aTMa¥ Ì –¥ ́­ o·a­a¥ 

°øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ Æao ́1⁄2a­ o·a­a¥ –” æß ËÎ ̊ ±Æ 3±ÆaÂ ø2o 

ÌÚ Õ1⁄2Æø° ø ”«ÔÁÁÌ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̄ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fi ̃ ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ flÚ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ flÊ ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ”«ÔÁÁËÛÓððÍ a21·2aÚ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fiÊ ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧ ”«ÔÁÁÌ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ a21·2aÚ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ›Ê ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̄o·a­a¥ ±Æ ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈·TMa ̃  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 3aa ̈­ ”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­Ú 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ › ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥  ̄°±­ ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈aoÙ a®1⁄2a° ̈ 

­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ̃ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ì ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ 

±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß 

øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú ⁄±Æ o¥aa ̈­ ±o Ì ±Æ oa©aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Õ ̈ø ̈a©·oa 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ø2o fi ́­ Œ ́¥a ø2o ø¥¥ a¥·1·æ¥a ÔÁÁÁ ±Æ ±¥oaÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 

·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ °Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

 ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ  ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß 

°Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ú 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa aØ ́·°°ao ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Í 3±2 ̈ ̧­ 

°Æ·±Æ  ̈± ø Æa1 ́¥ø ̈±Æß ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß ±Æ ¥aTMa¥ ±o a3·­­·±2­ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ́2oaÆ 

 ̈ ̧a æa­ ̈ øTMø·¥øæ¥a 1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥  ̈a1⁄2 ̧2±¥±1ß °Æ±TM·­·±2­ ±o ø2ß øo±° ̈ao Æ ́¥a o±Æ ·2Û ́­a  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ·o 

±° ̈·±2ø¥ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ o ́2o·21 ·­ Æa1⁄2a·TMao o±Æ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ flÚ 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a Ÿa2aÆø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ±©2aÆ 

±o ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ø2o 2a© ±©2aÆ ±o 2a© ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ › ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ¤Ø ́·° ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ©· ̈ ̧ ø2 flŒfi TMaÆ·o·ao ‘aTMa¥ Ì –¥ ́­ o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ø2o  ̈Æø2­oaÆ 

±©2aÆ­ ̧·°  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ ±o ±¥o ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fiÚ 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ±o Î ßaøÆ­ ±Æ ÎððÙððð 3·¥a­Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ 1⁄2±3a­ o·Æ­ ̈Ù ±2 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ›Ú 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± Áð ̊ ±Æ Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

i – ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ø 3·2·3 ́3 ±o ø ÔÛßaøÆ ±Æ ÔððÙðððÛ3·¥a 3ø¶±Æ 1⁄2±3°±2a2 ̈ a21·2a ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß 

o±Æ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ›  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 1⁄2±TMaÆ­ °øÆ ̈­ ø2o ¥øæ±ÆÚ 

i –Æ±TM·oa ø 1⁄2±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ a21·2a ·2 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ › 3aa ̈­ ”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø2ß 3·oÛÔÁÁð­ a21·2a ­ ́æ¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ­±o ̈©øÆa  ́°1Æøoa­ o±Æ o·a­a¥ 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄·ÚaÚÙ 1⁄2 ̧·° Æao¥ø­ ̧ ̃  ̧ø­ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao  ̈ ̧a  ́°1Æøoa ±2 ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ flÚ 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a Ÿa2aÆø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ßÙ  ̈ ̧a ±Æ·1·2ø¥ ±©2aÆ 

±o ±¥o ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fi ø2o 2a© ±©2aÆ ±o Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i Õ1⁄2Æø° ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fiÚ 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± ø °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oa ±o Ó ßaøÆ­ ø2o ø¥¥ ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a –Æ±1Æø3 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ±2 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ flÚ 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± Ôðð ̊ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃

¤¥·1·æ¥a 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­Ù ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ù o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ °¥ø1⁄2a­ © ̧aÆa ›¥ø­­ Ë 

 ̧aøTMß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­  ̄±TMaÆ ÌÌÙððð ¥æ­ ̃ 1⁄2±21Æa1ø ̈a ·2 ø  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Í ̃ 

¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

×2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa 

o±Æ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ Õ ̈±° 

±Æ ‹·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 

›a2 ̈aÆ 

‘ø2o­·oa a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈± Æao ́1⁄2a o·a­a¥ a21·2a ·o¥·21 ø2o  ́­a ±o o·a­a¥Û

o ́a¥ao ·2 ̈aÆ2ø¥ 1⁄2±3æ ́­ ̈·±2 ø ́®·¥·øÆß °±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3­ 3øß æa o ́2oao ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ¥±©aÆ ±o Îð ̊ ±o 

a¥·1·æ¥a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ±Æ ø ¥aTMa¥ 1⁄2±33a2­ ́Æø ̈a ©· ̈ ̧ ø 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ±o ðÚÓð °± ́2o­ ±o 

©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2­ Æao ́1⁄2ao °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ ·2TMa­ ̈aoÚ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ 

a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa a¥·1·æ¥a  ̈± 1⁄2±3°a ̈a o±Æ o ́2o·21 ±2¥ß ·o  ̈ ̧a 

1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­ ·­ aØ ́ø¥ ±Æ 1Æaø ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ðÚÓð °± ́2o­ ±o ©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2­ Æao ́1⁄2ao 

°aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ ·2TMa­ ̈aoÚ 

¤¥·1·æ¥a 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­a ø2o ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̈±Ê a2øæ¥a 

 ̧aø ̈·21Ù 1⁄2±±¥·21Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧a  ́­a ±o 1⁄2øæ °±©aÆ o±Æ °øÆμao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ø ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­Â ø2o a2øæ¥a 

 ̈ ̧a  ́­a ±o °±©aÆ o±Æ  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ ÆaoÆ·1aÆø ̈·±2  ́2· ̈­ ø2o ø ́®·¥·øÆß °±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3­ ø ̈ 

o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­Ù ·2 ̈aÆ3±oø¥ oø1⁄2·¥· ̈·a­Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ °¥ø1⁄2a­ © ̧aÆa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ 1⁄2±21Æa1ø ̈aÚ 

Œa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a a¥·1·æ¥a 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa æø­ao ±2 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈ao  ́­a ±TMaÆ  ̈ ̧a o·Æ­ ̈ 

ßaøÆ ±o ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

×2a¥·1·æ¥a 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ±2Ûæ±øÆo ø ́®·¥·øÆß °±©aÆ  ́2· ̈­ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ±2 

 ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ ÆaoÆ·1aÆø ̈·±2  ́2· ̈­Ù a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2· ̈ß 1⁄2±­ ̈­ ø2o ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ø2o 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a 

1⁄2±­ ̈­Ú 

ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿa2aÆø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ßÙ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥Ê 

i ›±33· ̈  ̈± Ôð ßaøÆ­ ±o ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

i fl1Æaa  ̈± aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ú 

i ›±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ Æa1⁄2±ÆoÛμaa°·21Ù Æa°±Æ ̈·21Ù ø2o ø ́o· ̈ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i Õ·12 ø ¥a1ø¥¥ß æ·2o·21 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 3·¥a­ ̈±2a ø2o 

1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 oaøo¥·2a­Ú 

i –Æ±°aÆ¥ß 3ø·2 ̈ø·2  ́°1Æøoao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·2 1±±o ±°aÆø ̈·21 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2±Æo·21  ̈± 

3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ Æa1⁄2±33a2oø ̈·±2­Ú 

i ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈a °Æ±±o ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©øÆÆø2 ̈ßÚ 

i ›±3°¥ß ©· ̈ ̧ ø¥¥ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ °aÆ3· ̈ ̈·21 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±­ ̈ 

fl­­ ́3° ̈·±2­ 

i —° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃Ê flTMaÆø1a 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ø o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ·­ ¢ ̧ÔÎÙðððÚ 

i —° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃Ê Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ø “—®ı–” Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ·­ a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈± æa  ̧ÏðÙðððÚ 

i —° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃Ê Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ø Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·­ a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈± æa  ̧ÍðÙðððÚ 

i —° ̈·±2  ̄ÏÙÎ ̃Ê Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ø 2a© ”«ÓðÔð 1⁄2±3°¥·ø2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ·­ ¢ ̧ÔÓðÙððð  ̄o·a­a¥ ̃  ̈± 

¢ ̧ÔËðÙððð  ̄2ø ̈ ́Æø¥ 1ø­ ̃Ú Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ ±o ø  ́­ao ”«ÓððÈ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̄·2 ÓðÔÔÛÓðÔÓ ̃ ·­ 

a®°a1⁄2 ̈ao  ̈± æa  ̧ÍðÙðððÛ ̧ËðÙððð  ̄o·a­a¥ ̃Ú 

i —° ̈·±2  ̄Í ̃Ê Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ o±Æ o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­ ·­  ̧ÔÙÎððÛ ̧ÈÙðððÒ°¥ ́1 ø ̈ o±1⁄2μÂ 

 ̧ÓÙÎððÛ ̧ÁÙðððÒ°¥ ́1 ·2 °øÆμ·21 øÆaø­Â  ̧ÎððÛ ̧ÓÙðððÒøoø° ̈aÆ o±Æ  ̈Æø·¥aÆ­ ø2o ÃŒÀ­Ú 

Ã± ̈ø¥ 1⁄2±­ ̈ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­ ·­  ̧ÍÙðððÛ ̧ÔËÙðððÒ°øÆμ·21 ­°ø1⁄2aÂ  ̧ÌÙðððÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3±o·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÁ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð

fiÚ ”ø¶±Æ ”·¥a­ ̈±2a­ o±Æ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ›±3°¥a ̈·±2 

ø ̃ ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μi ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±ÆoaÆÚ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ø1⁄2Ø ́·­· ̈·±2Ò·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Õ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o ·2TM±·1⁄2a  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ °øß3a2 ̈Ú 

i Õ1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ±o ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±Æ a21·2aÚ 

æ ̃ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2 ̧ao ́¥a ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ù  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 

3·¥a­ ̈±2a­Ê 

i ›±3°¥a ̈·±2 ø2o 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ø2ß ÆaØ ́·Æao ›¤œfl o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­Ú 

i fi·o ­±¥·1⁄2· ̈ø ̈·±2Ù aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø©øÆoÙ ø2o 1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ú 

i fl1⁄2Ø ́·­· ̈·±2 ±o ø2ß ¥±1⁄2ø¥ °aÆ3· ̈­Ù ±Æ ± ̈ ̧aÆ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

i ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ß­ ̈a3 oa­·12Ù  ́2· ̈ ø1⁄2Ø ́·­· ̈·±2Ù ø2o oa¥·TMaÆßÚ 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2Ú 

i –±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

i Œa°±Æ ̈·21  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±o ø1⁄2 ̈ ́ø¥ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥  ́­a æß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ o ́Æ·21 o·Æ­ ̈ ßaøÆ ±o 

±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

i Õ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ø¥ ±o ·2TM±·1⁄2a  ̈± ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ Æa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈Ú 

›Ú fl°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ×2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø2o o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ·2 øoo· ̈·±2 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ oa­1⁄2Æ·æao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ ×ÚÙ ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 flŒfi ±Æ ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2·a­ 3øß ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ ±2  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ 

a2 ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ·2 ̈±  ̈ ̧a Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ —2¥·2a ‹ø ̈øæø­aÚ 

fl¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ 3 ́­ ̈ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa  ̈ ̧a ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ­°a1⁄2·o·ao æa¥±© ·2Ê 

i Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 Ô ä Ÿa2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 Ó ä › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

i Õa1⁄2 ̈·±2 Ì ä –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú  ̄×21⁄2¥ ́oa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ù øø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÙ o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2 ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔð ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

ÔÚ Ÿa2aÆø¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

Ã ̧·­ ­a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø°°¥·a­  ̈± ø¥¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±° ̈·±2­Ú 

i “ø3a ±Æ ø°°¥·1⁄2ø2 ̈  ̄1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ±o a®·­ ̈·21  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μÙ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 o±Æ °± ̈a2 ̈·ø¥ ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û

±©2 ·2­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈·±2­ ̃Ú 

i fi ́­·2a­­ 2ø3aÚ 

i ”ø·¥·21 øooÆa­­Ú 

i –Æ·3øÆß 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ 2ø3a ø2o ° ̧±2a 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i –aÆ­±2 ©· ̈ ̧ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ ­·12·21 ø ́ ̈ ̧±Æ· ̈ß  ̄±©2aÆ ̃Ú 

i –Æ±±o ±o ·oa2 ̈· ̈ß ±o 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ  ̄ø2o ¥a­­±Æ o±Æ ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 ̃Ú 

i fi ́­·2a­­ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ê 

± ⁄¥aa ̈ ­·¶a  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

± “ ́3æaÆ ±o a3°¥±ßaa­Ú 

± “ ́3æaÆ ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­°ø1⁄2a­  ̄ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°­ ̃Ú 

± “ ́3æaÆ ±o o±1⁄2μ­  ̄o·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ­ ̃Ú 

i fl ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈ ­·12ao ø2o oø ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø1⁄2μ2±©¥ao1·21 ø¥¥ 

ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 · ̈a3­ øÆa  ̈Æ ́aÒ1⁄2±ÆÆa1⁄2 ̈ ø2o  ̈ ̧aÆa øÆa 2± ± ́ ̈­ ̈ø2o·21 flŒfi TM·±¥ø ̈·±2­ ±2 

ø2ß aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ©· ̈ ̧·2  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆé­ a2 ̈·Æa o¥aa ̈Ú 

ÓÚ › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

ø ̃ ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μi ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈øÚ 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù ø2o 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÚ 

± a ̧·1⁄2¥a ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 “ ́3æaÆÚ 

± ‹a1⁄2¥øÆao Ÿ ... ±Æ ›Ÿ... ø­ ­ ̧±©2 ±2 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

± ŸÆ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21  ̄Ÿ ...Œ ̃Ú 

± a ̧·1⁄2¥a ¥·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù a21·2a ßaøÆÙ ø2o ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°aÚ 

± › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±o±3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21  ̄a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈± ̈ø¥ a21·2a 3·¥aø1a ·o ±o±3a ̈aÆ ·­ 

3·­­·21 ±Æ æÆ±μa2 ̃Ú 

± ‹ø ̈a ø o·a­a¥ °øÆ ̈·1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈a o·¥ ̈aÆ ©ø­ °ÆaTM·± ́­¥ß ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ±2  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o TMaÆ·o·ao 

1⁄2±2 ̈Æ±¥ ¥aTMa¥ ±o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ o·¥ ̈aÆ  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

± › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 Æa1·­ ̈aÆao ±©2aÆÚ 

± Œa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2 ­ ̧±©·21 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ±°aÆø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ ±Æ Ë 3±2 ̈ ̧­ ±o 

øTMø·¥øæ¥a ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̧·­ ̈±Æß ­ ́°°¥a3a2 ̈ao æß ø¥ ̈aÆ2ø ̈a 

o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ­ ̧±©·21 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø ±°aÆø ̈·±2 o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­Ú 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ̧·°  ̄1⁄2±°ß ±o  ̈· ̈¥a ±o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ o±Æ ø2ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈ ̧ø ̈ 

©·¥¥ æa ­1⁄2Æø°°ao ±Æ Æa ́­aoÚ Ã ̧·­ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈ o±a­ 2± ̈ ø°°¥ß  ̈± Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±Æ 

Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔÔ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

i ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­  ̄ ́2¥a­­ 2± ̈ao ± ̈ ̧aÆ©·­a ̃Ú 

± ±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ̄­ ̃ ä  ̈ ̧a  ̈ß°a­ ±o 1±±o­  ̈ß°·1⁄2ø¥¥ß  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈aoÚ 

± ‹Æøßø1a ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ Œa1·­ ̈Æß  ̄‹ÃŒ ̃ ­ ̈ø ̈ ́­ ø­ ±o ÷ ́2a ÌðÙ ÓðÔðÚ 

± “ ́3æaÆ ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø °±Æ ̈ ø2o Æø·¥ ßøÆo TM·­· ̈­  ̄1⁄2±3æ·2ao ̃ ·2  ̈ ̧a °ø­ ̈ ÔÓ 

3±2 ̈ ̧­Ú 

± fl22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥  ̄ ”Ã ̃ ·2 ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÚ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ·2Ê 

fiøß flÆaø  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

›a2 ̈Æø¥ ø¥¥aß  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

‘±­ fl21a¥a­Ò×2¥ø2o ¤3°·Æa  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

Õø2 ‹·a1±Òfi±ÆoaÆ  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2  ̈± TMaÆ·oß Æa°±Æ ̈ao ”Ã 3øß æa ÆaØ ́·ÆaoÚ ¤®ø3°¥a­ ±o 

o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ¥±1æ±±μ­Ù o ́a¥ Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ù 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ù ±Æ  ̈ø® 

Æa1⁄2±Æo­Ú 

± ⁄±Æ 1⁄2±21⁄2Æa ̈a 3·®aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù o ́3°  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ø2o ± ̈ ̧aÆ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈ß°a­ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø¥¥ß 

·oa2 ̈·o·ao æß flŒfi ­ ̈øooÙ  ̈ ̧a ±©2aÆ 3øß °Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a –±©aÆ Ãøμa —oo  ̄–Ã— ̃ 

 ̧± ́Æ­ ·2 1⁄2±2¶ ́21⁄2 ̈·±2 ©· ̈ ̧ ”ÃÊ 

‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a  ̧± ́Æ 3a ̈aÆ  ́2· ̈ ·­ ÆaØ ́·ÆaoÚ 

–Ã—  ̧± ́Æ­ ©·¥¥ æa 1⁄2±2TMaÆ ̈ao  ̈± 3·¥a­ æø­ao ±2 oø1⁄2 ̈±Æ­ ­ ́°°¥·ao æß 

flŒfi ø2o 1⁄2±3æ·2ao ©· ̈ ̧ ”Ã ·2  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2ø¥1⁄2 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ±o a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 

ø2o 1⁄2±­ ̈Ûaooa1⁄2 ̈·TMa2a­­Ú 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 3øß æa ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 

æ ̃ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

i ‘±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø2o oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ß © ̧aÆa a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa ·­ °Æ±°±­ao o±Æ 

·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2Ú 

i œ ́ø2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o 1⁄2 ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ø22 ́ø¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ ø2o ÃŒÀ ±°aÆø ̈·±2­ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a oø1⁄2·¥· ̈ßÚ 

i fiø­a¥·2a a3·­­·±2­  ̄©· ̈ ̧± ́ ̈  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ̃ o±Æ o·Æ­ ̈ Ôð ßaøÆ­ ±o ±°aÆø ̈·±2 ±o °Æ±°±­ao 

a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa  ̄oaTMa¥±°ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 1⁄2±21⁄2 ́ÆÆa21⁄2a ±o  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø·Æ o·­ ̈Æ·1⁄2 ̈ ̃ ä  ̈ ̧·­ 

a3·­­·±2 a­ ̈·3ø ̈a ­ ̧ø¥¥ o ́¥¥ß Æao¥a1⁄2 ̈  ̈ ̧a æa2ao· ̈­ ±o ø¥¥ øo±° ̈ao Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2­ ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 

flŒfi Æ ́¥a­ o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­Ù ·o¥·21Ù ø ́®·¥·øÆß °±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3­Ù ÃŒÀ­Ù ø2o ÃŒÀ­ ©· ̈ ̧ 

1a2aÆø ̈±Æ­ ­a ̈­Ú 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 3øß æa ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔÓ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

ÌÚ –Æ±°±­ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2

ø ̃ ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­

 ̄· ̃ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ô ̃Ê –” Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

i Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a oø ̈øÚ 

± flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ø2o 2ø3a ±o oaTM·1⁄2aÚ 

± flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ 2 ́3æaÆ o±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2aÚ 

± flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao “—® Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø2o –” Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄°aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a­ ̃Ú 

i × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÚ 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃Ú 

± ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao °¥ ́­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ̃Ú 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ 

 ̄·· ̃ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ó ̃Ê –” ı “—® Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

i Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a oø ̈øÚ 

± flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ø2o 2ø3a ±o oaTM·1⁄2aÚ 

± flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ 2 ́3æaÆ o±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2aÚ 

± flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao “—® Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø2o –” Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄°aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a­ ̃Ú 

i × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÚ 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃Ú 

± ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao °¥ ́­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ̃Ú 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ 

 ̄··· ̃ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃Ê Œa°±©aÆ 

i ¤21·2a Æa°±©aÆ oø ̈øÚ 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ a21·2a 3±oa¥Ù ø2o a21·2a ßaøÆÚ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°aÚ 

i Œa°±©aÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2Ú 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o ø¥¥ a21·2aÒ ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 3±o·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­ °¥ø22ao ø­ °øÆ ̈ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú ×21⁄2¥ ́oa oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ±o  ́°1Æøoa­  ̈± ­ ́1⁄2 ̧  ̈ ̧·21­ ø­ a® ̧ø ́­ ̈ 

­ß­ ̈a3­Ù a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ±2·1⁄2­Ù a ̈1⁄2Ú 

i × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔÌ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÚ 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃Ú 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao °¥ ́­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ̃Ú 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ 

 ̄·TM ̃ —° ̈·±2  ̄Ï ̃Ê Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

i “a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ oø ̈øÚ 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù ø2o 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÚ 

± ”ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ 1Æ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21  ̄Ÿ ...Œ ̃Ú

± Ÿ ... ±Æ ›Ÿ...  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ æa oa1⁄2¥øÆao ±2  ̈ ̧a 2a© ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ a21·2a 3±oa¥Ù ø2o a21·2a ßaøÆÚ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°aÚ 

i × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÚ 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃Ú 

± ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao °¥ ́­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ̃Ú 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ 

± ×2 ̈aÆa­ ̈ ·2 ¥aø­aÛ ̈±Û±©2 ±° ̈·±2Ú 

 ̄TM ̃ —° ̈·±2  ̄Î ̃Ê Ã ̧ÆaaÛ©øß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl  ̄Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ̈ao  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ oø ̈øÚ 

± flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2a 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ø2o 2ø3a ±o oaTM·1⁄2aÚ 

± flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa —ÆoaÆ 2 ́3æaÆ o±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ oaTM·1⁄2aÚ 

± flŒfiÛTMaÆ·o·ao “—® Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø2o –” Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄°aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a­ ̃ 

± × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃Ú 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÚ 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃Ú 

± ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao °¥ ́­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ̃Ú 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ›  ̄2a©  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ ‹ø ̈ø 

± ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù ø2o 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÚ 

± ”ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆé­ 1Æ±­­ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ Æø ̈·21  ̄Ÿ ...Œ ̃Ú

± Ÿ ... ±Æ ›Ÿ...  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ©·¥¥ æa oa1⁄2¥øÆao ±2  ̈ ̧a 2a© ‹” Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

± ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ a21·2a 3±oa¥Ù ø2o a21·2a ßaøÆÚ 

± ¤21·2a  ̧±Æ­a°±©aÆ ø2o o ́a¥  ̈ß°aÚ 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ › · ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 o±Æ a¥·1·æ¥a a®°a2­a­  ̄TMaÆ·o·øæ¥a Ø ́± ̈a ̃Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔÏ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̄1⁄2±3æ·2ao ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fl ø2o ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ › ̃ 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈Ú 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÚ 

± Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ oaoaÆø¥ ̃Ú 

± ŒaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ ø o·Æa1⁄2 ̈ °øß3a2 ̈  ̈± TMa2o±Æ  ̄·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥a ̃Ú 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao °¥ ́­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ̃Ú 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ 

æ ̃ —° ̈·±2  ̄Í ̃Ê ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

i ¤¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ·2oÆø­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈ ́Æa ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2Ú 

± –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ oa­1⁄2Æ·° ̈·±2 ø2o oa­·12Ù ·21⁄2¥ ́o·21 2 ́3æaÆ ø2o ¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

 ́2· ̈­  ̈± æa ·2­ ̈ø¥¥aoÙ ©· ̈ ̧ ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ ø2o  ̈± ̈ø¥ °±©aÆ ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­Ú 

± ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ TMa2o±Æ ̄­ ̃Ú 

± × ̈a3·¶ao 1⁄2±­ ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 æß ° ̧ø­a  ̄aÚ1ÚÙ oa­·12Ù a2TM·Æ±23a2 ̈ø¥Ù 

1⁄2±2­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ̃Ú 

i –Æao·1⁄2 ̈ao ø1⁄2 ̈·TM· ̈ß oø ̈ø ©· ̈ ̧ 2a© aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø22 ́ø¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈± a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2 °±©aÆ ø2o øTMaÆø1a 1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈·±2 

 ̈·3aÚ 

± ¤­ ̈·3ø ̈ao ø22 ́ø¥ ÃŒÀ 1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈± a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ °±©aÆ ø2o øTMaÆø1a 

1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̈·3aÚ 

± ¤®°a1⁄2 ̈ao °±©aÆ  ́­ø1a o±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­ ø2o ÃŒÀ­  ̄­a°øÆø ̈a¥ß ̃Ù aø1⁄2 ̧ ßaøÆ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

o·Æ­ ̈ Ôð ßaøÆ­ ±o ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ao a3·­­·±2­ ø2o æa2ao· ̈­ ±o  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈Ú 

± ¤3·­­·±2­ ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ±TMaÆ ø ÔðÛßaøÆ °aÆ·±oÚ 

± ¤3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ ø ̈ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈øæ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈  ̄æaß±2o  ̈ ̧±­a ÆaØ ́·Æao æß ¥ø© 

±Æ Æa1 ́¥ø ̈·±2 ̃ o±Æ ø ÔðÛßaøÆ °aÆ·±o æa1·22·21 ·2  ̈ ̧a Ô­ ̈ ßaøÆ ±o ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

± ‹a3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ©a·1 ̧ ̈ao a3·­­·±2 Æao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆ 

·2TMa­ ̈ao ·­ aØ ́ø¥ ±Æ æa ̈ ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧ø2 ðÚÓð °± ́2o­ °aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈a o±¥¥øÆÚ 

i ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o ́2o·21 oa3±2­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

± –Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈aoÚ 

± ⁄ ́2o·21 ­± ́Æ1⁄2a­ ø2o ø3± ́2 ̈­ ±o ± ̈ ̧aÆ o ́2o·21  ̄°Æ·TMø ̈aÙ ¥±1⁄2ø¥Ù ± ̈ ̧aÆ Õ ̈ø ̈aÙ 

oaoaÆø¥ ̃Ú 

± Ã± ̈ø¥ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈  ̄–Æ±1Æø3 o±¥¥øÆ­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao °¥ ́­ ± ̈ ̧aÆ 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 ̃Ú 

± ‹±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 ±o 3ø ̈1⁄2 ̧ o ́2o·21 øTMø·¥øæ·¥· ̈ßÚ 

‹Ú Õ1⁄2Æø° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 1a2aÆø¥ ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao ·2 › ̧ø° ̈aÆ × ÚflÚÔÏÚÙ ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2 

ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ Æa°±©aÆÙ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧ÆaaÛ©øß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈Æø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ øÆa 

­ ̧±©2 ·2 Ãøæ¥a flÚÔ æa¥±©Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔÎ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

Ãøæ¥a flÚÔ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ1⁄2Æø° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —° ̈·±2 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß 

‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ì ̃ 

Œa°±©aÆ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a ·3°± ́2o ø2o  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ 

±o  ̈ ̧a ±¥o a21·2a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ ©· ̈ ̧·2 

Ìð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 2a© a21·2a æa·21 °¥ø1⁄2ao ·2 ̈± 

±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ o·­3ø2 ̈¥a ø2o oa­ ̈Æ±ß  ̈ ̧a 

±¥o a21·2a ©· ̈ ̧·2 Íð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o Æa1⁄2a·° ̈Ú Ã ̧a 

a21·2a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ æa o±2a ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a­a Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i Ã ̧a a21·2a æ¥±1⁄2μ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa ° ́21⁄2 ̈ ́Æao ø2o oa­ ̈Æ±ßao ·2 

­ ́1⁄2 ̧ ø 3ø22aÆ  ̈± a¥·3·2ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a °±­­·æ·¥· ̈ß ±o o ́ ̈ ́Æa 

±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa °Æ±±o ±o ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ôð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2aÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ±Æ · ̈­ oa­·12aa 3 ́­ ̈ °Æ±TM·oa o·1· ̈ø¥ 

° ̧± ̈±1Æø° ̧­Ù oa­1⁄2Æ·æao æa¥±©Ù ­ ̧±©·21  ̈ ̧a oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 

±o  ̈ ̧a ±¥o a21·2aÚ Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß 3 ́­ ̈ Æa1⁄2a·TMa  ̈ ̧a­a 

° ̧± ̈±­ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ôð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a a21·2a æa·21 

­1⁄2Æø°°aoÚ 

i Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 o·1· ̈ø¥ ° ̧± ̈±­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa  ̈øμa2 ø2o ¥øæa¥ao 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o·¥aÊ 

ÔÚ ¤21·2a  ̈ø1 ©· ̈ ̧ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆÙ a21·2a oø3·¥ß 2 ́3æaÆÙ 

ø2o a21·2a 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÚ 

ÓÚ ‹a­ ̈Æ±ßao a21·2a æ¥±1⁄2μÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔÍ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

Ãøæ¥a flÚÔ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ Õ1⁄2Æø° ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —° ̈·±2 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Ï ̃ 

Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ 

×2 øoo· ̈·±2  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao øæ±TMa o±Æ a21·2a 

Æa°±©aÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­ ÆaØ ́·ÆaÊ 

i Ã ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ­ ̧ø¥¥ a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧a ·3°± ́2o ø2o  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ 

±o  ̈ ̧a ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ  ̈±  ̈ ̧a o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ìð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ 

±o  ̈ ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a æa·21 °¥ø1⁄2ao ·2 ̈± ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

i Ã ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ o·­3ø2 ̈¥a ø2o oa­ ̈Æ±ß  ̈ ̧a 

±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ©· ̈ ̧·2 Íð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o Æa1⁄2a·° ̈Ú Ã ̧a 

oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ æa o±2a ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a­a 

Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­Ú 

i ÕaTMaÆ  ̈ ̧a ±¥o TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a oÆø3a Æø·¥­  ̈± a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 

TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a ·­ Æa2oaÆao  ́­a¥a­­ ø2o  ̈± °ÆaTMa2 ̈ Æa°aø ̈ao  ́­aÚ 

i Ã ̧a o±¥¥±©·21 o·1· ̈ø¥ ° ̧± ̈±­ 3 ́­ ̈ æa  ̈øμa2 ø2o ¥øæa¥ao 

o±Æ  ̈ ̧a °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ o·¥aÊ 

ÔÚ ¤21·2a  ̈ø1 ©· ̈ ̧ ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆÙ a21·2a oø3·¥ß 2 ́3æaÆÙ 

ø2o a21·2a 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÚ 

ÓÚ ‹a­ ̈Æ±ßao a21·2a æ¥±1⁄2μ a· ̈ ̧aÆ ·2­·oa ±Æ ± ́ ̈­·oa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

æ±oßÚ 

ÌÚ a ̧·1⁄2¥a ×oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 “ ́3æaÆ °Æ·2 ̈ao æß 

3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ ·2­·oa 1⁄2øæÚ 

ÏÚ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ TM·a© oÆ±3 oÆ±2 ̈ ø21¥a 1⁄2ø° ̈ ́Æ·21 a2 ̈·Æa  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 

©· ̈ ̧ Æaøoøæ¥a ¥·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈aÚ 

i Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ±Æ ¥·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ 3 ́­ ̈ o·¥a ø 

 ×“  ̧±¥o ©· ̈ ̧ ‹” Ù ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ a· ̈ ̧aÆ Œ¤Ÿ ÏËË› ç“±2Û

Œa°ø·Æøæ¥a a ̧·1⁄2¥a ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈aå ±Æ Œ¤Ÿ ÏÓ ç“± ̈·1⁄2a  ̈± 

‹·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆÙå  ̈± ‹” Ù ø2o ­ ́æ3· ̈ ø 1⁄2±°ß  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ 

ø1a21⁄2ß ø ̈  ̈ ̧a  ̈·3a ±o  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú fl2ß øoo· ̈·±2ø¥ 

­ ́æ­ ̈· ̈ ́ ̈a o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 3 ́­ ̈ æa TMaÆ·o·ao æß flŒfi  ̈± 

a2­ ́Æa  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a ­1⁄2Æø°°ao aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ·­ °aÆ3ø2a2 ̈¥ß 

Æa3±TMao oÆ±3 ­aÆTM·1⁄2aÚ 

i Ã ̧a ¥·1⁄2a2­ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa °Æ±±o ±o ­1⁄2Æø°°ø1a 

 ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ©· ̈ ̧·2 Ôð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a 

oa­ ̈Æ ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÚ 

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß 

‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ 

—° ̈·±2  ̄Î ̃ 

Ã ̧ÆaaÛ©øß 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 

ÃÆø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

i ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ fi  ̄±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ̃ 3 ́­ ̈ æa ­1⁄2Æø°°ao ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧ 

 ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ­1⁄2Æø° ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ ¥·­ ̈ao ·2 

—° ̈·±2 ÏÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔÈ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

¤Ú –±­ ̈Û×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 

i ⁄±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 

Íð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o  ̈ ̧a ±¥o  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ æa·21 oa¥·TMaÆao  ̈± ø 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·ao o·­3ø2 ̈¥aÆÚ 

i ⁄±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 

Ìð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a o ́¥¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

i ⁄±Æ  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈­Ù  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ±1⁄21⁄2 ́Æ ©· ̈ ̧·2 

Íð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o ±©2aÆ Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o o ́¥¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

Ãøæ¥a flÚÓ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ –±­ ̈Û×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —° ̈·±2 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

–” Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ±Æ 

–” ı “—® 

Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

i “ø3aÙ øooÆa­­Ù ø2o  ̈a¥a° ̧±2a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ̄­ ̃ 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao  ̈ ̧a Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈Ú 

i “ø3a ±o  ̈ ̧a Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ ̄­ ̃Ú 

i Œa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 3±oa¥ ø2o ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ̄­ ̃Ú 

i «aøÆ  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ©ø­ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́Æao  ̄·o 2± ̈ ¥·­ ̈ao ±2 

oaTM·1⁄2a ¥øæa¥Ù ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 3øß æa ±æ ̈ø·2ao oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 

Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆ æß ÆaoaÆa21⁄2a  ̈± ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ̃Ú 

i ‹ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ ©ø­ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥aoÚ 

i ×o 2± ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o·¥aÙ 1⁄2±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa 

—ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧a Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 3aa ̈­  ̈ ̧a ­°a1⁄2·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2­Ú 

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß 

‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μŒa°±©aÆ i “ø3aÙ øooÆa­­Ù ø2o  ̈a¥a° ̧±2a 2 ́3æaÆ ±o 1⁄2±3°ø2ß ̄­ ̃ 

 ̈ ̧ø ̈ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao  ̈ ̧a 2a© a21·2aÚ 

i ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a oø3·¥ß 2ø3a ø2o 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a ­aÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ‹ø ̈a  ̈ ̧a 2a© a21·2a ©ø­ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥aoÚ 

i ×o 2± ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o·¥aÙ 1⁄2±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa 

—ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a 2a© a21·2a 3aa ̈­ 

”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­Ú 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔË ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

Ãøæ¥a flÚÓ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ –±­ ̈Û×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­  ̄1⁄2±2 ̈Ú ̃

Õ± ́Æ1⁄2a 

›ø ̈a1±Æß 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ 

–Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ —° ̈·±2 

floo· ̈·±2ø¥ ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

Œa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈ i a ̧·1⁄2¥a  ̈ß°aÚ 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a ·oa2 ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 2 ́3æaÆ  ̄ ×“ ̃Ú 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥Ù 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÚ 

i ›±3æ·2ao ŸÆ±­­ a ̧·1⁄2¥a ...a·1 ̧ ̈  ̄›Ÿ... ̃Ú 

i ⁄ ́a¥  ̈ß°aÚ 

i a ̧·1⁄2¥a ¥·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ  ̄o±Æ ø 2a© TMa ̧·1⁄2¥aÙ ±©2aÆ 

­ ̧ø¥¥ °Æ±TM·oa ¥·1⁄2a2­a °¥ø ̈a 2 ́3æaÆ  ́°±2 Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ oÆ±3  ̈ ̧a 

‹”  ̃Ú 

i ›fl ÿ·1 ̧©øß –ø ̈Æ±¥ 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a 3øμaÙ 3±oa¥ ßaøÆÙ a21·2a ßaøÆÚ 

i ¤21·2a oø3·¥ß 2ø3a ø2o 2 ́3æaÆÚ 

i ×o 2± ̈ ·2  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 o·¥aÙ 1⁄2±°ß ±o flŒfi ¤®a1⁄2 ́ ̈·TMa 

—ÆoaÆ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈·21  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ a21·2a 

3aa ̈­ ”«ÓðÔð a3·­­·±2­ ±Æ ”«ÓððÈ a3·­­·±2­Ù øø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÚ 

Ã ̧ÆaaÛ©øß 

ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ 

ÃÆø2­ø1⁄2 ̈·±2 

ˆ Õaa ·2o·TM·o ́ø¥ °±­ ̈ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ÆaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ o±Æ Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈ 

ø2o Æa°¥ø1⁄2a3a2 ̈Ú

ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß 

‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μÃÆ ́1⁄2μ Õ ̈±°Ò 

‹·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 

›a2 ̈aÆ 

i “ø3a ±o °±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÆÚ 

i ÕaÆ·ø¥ 2 ́3æaÆ ø2o oø ̈a ±o 3ø2 ́oø1⁄2 ̈ ́ÆaÚ 

i Œø ̈ao ø3°aÆø1aÙ TM±¥ ̈ø1aÚ 

i aÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈ aø1⁄2 ̧ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈é­ °aoa­ ̈ø¥ ø2oÒ±Æ a® ̈aÆ2ø¥ 

ø·Æ 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2·21Ò°±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3 ·­ ±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥Ú 

i ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa TMaÆ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ±°aÆø ̈·±2 æß 

1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈·21  ̧aøTMß o ́ ̈ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ 1⁄2øæ ø2oÒ±Æ  ̈Æø2­°±Æ ̈ 

ÆaoÆ·1aÆø ̈·±2  ́2· ̈  ̄ø­ ø°°Æ±°Æ·ø ̈a ̃  ̈± ø Æø2o±3 2 ́3æaÆ 

±o °aoa­ ̈ø¥­ ±Æ a® ̈aÆ2ø¥ ø·Æ 1⁄2±2o· ̈·±2·21Ò°±©aÆ ­ß­ ̈a3Ú 

i ×2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­Ê 

± fl2 ·2· ̈·ø¥ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧·2 

Íð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o ±©2aÆ Æa1⁄2a·° ̈ ±o o ́¥¥ß 

±°aÆø ̈·±2ø¥ aØ ́·°3a2 ̈Ú 

Ã ̧a ·2· ̈·ø¥ ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oa ø ÆaTM·a© ±o 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ °Æ±1⁄2ao ́Æa­  ̈± 1⁄2±¥¥a1⁄2 ̈  ́­a 

oø ̈ø o±Æ o·Æ­ ̈ ßaøÆ ±o ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

± fl ­a1⁄2±2o ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2  ̄© ̧·1⁄2 ̧ 1⁄2±ÆÆa­°±2o­  ̈±  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±°aÆ °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ̃ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧·2 

Íð 1⁄2ø¥a2oøÆ oøß­ ±o ±©2aÆ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 ±o o·Æ­ ̈ ßaøÆ ±o 

±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

Œa·3æ ́Æ­a3a2 ̈ ±o aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ 1⁄2±­ ̈­ 1⁄2ø2 ±2¥ß æa 

ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao øo ̈aÆ ±æ ̈ø·2·21 ø ­ø ̈·­oø1⁄2 ̈±Æß ­a1⁄2±2o 

·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2Ú
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÔÁ ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

⁄Ú Œa1⁄2±Æoμaa°·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ Æa ̈ø·2Ù ø ̈ ø 3·2·3 ́3Ù ø¥¥ o±1⁄2 ́3a2 ̈­Ù ·2TM±·1⁄2a­Ù ø2o 

1⁄2±ÆÆa­°±2oa21⁄2a ø­­±1⁄2·ø ̈ao ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a ø°°¥·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ø©øÆoÙ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù ° ́Æ1⁄2 ̧ø­aÙ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ø ̈·±2Ù 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±°aÆø ̈·±2  ̄ø2o ·o ø°°¥·1⁄2øæ¥aÙ Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ù ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2aÙ ø2o ©øÆÆø2 ̈ß ̃Ù ø2o 

Æa°±Æ ̈·21 o±Æ ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Ó ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ  ̈ ̧a a2o ±o  ̈ ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈  ̈aÆ3 ±Æ 

Ì ßaøÆ­ øo ̈aÆ o·2ø¥ °øß3a2 ̈Ù © ̧·1⁄2 ̧aTMaÆ ·­ ¥ø ̈aÆÚ Œa1⁄2±Æo­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æaøo·¥ß øTMø·¥øæ¥a ø2o 

ø1⁄21⁄2a­­·æ¥a  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÙ flŒfiÙ ±Æ flŒfi oa­·12aa  ́°±2 ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a ° ́Æ°±­a­ ±o 

±21±·21 aTMø¥ ́ø ̈·±2­ ±Æ ø ́o· ̈­Ú 

ŸÚ fl22 ́ø¥ Œa°±Æ ̈·21 ŒaØ ́·Æa3a2 ̈­ 

ø ̃ ÿaøTMß o ́ ̈ß o·a­a¥  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ­

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß a®1⁄2a° ̈ 

o±Æ ±©2aÆ­ ©· ̈ ̧ –” Æa ̈Æ±o· ̈­ ©· ̈ ̧ ø ÓÛßaøÆ 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈ © ̧± ±2¥ß 2aao  ̈± Æa°±Æ ̈ ø ̈  ̈ ̧a a2o ±o 

 ̈ ̧a Ó ßaøÆ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÚ Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ­ ́æ3· ̈ ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈­ o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÚ Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆé­ ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ 

¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i ›±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ̄±©2aÆ 2ø3aÙ øooÆa­­Ù ° ̧±2aÙ a ̈1⁄2Ú ̃Ú 

i –Æ±±o ±o ›ø¥·o±Æ2·ø Æa1·­ ̈Æø ̈·±2Ú 

i –Æ±±o ±o ·2­ ́Æø21⁄2aÚ 

i › ́ÆÆa2 ̈ ±o±3a ̈aÆ Æaøo·21  ̄a­ ̈·3ø ̈a  ̈± ̈ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥aø1a ·o ±o±3a ̈aÆ ·­ 3·­­·21 ±Æ 

æÆ±μa2 ̃Ú 

i fl22 ́ø¥ ”Ã ­·21⁄2a ¥ø­ ̈ Æa°±Æ ̈Ú 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o  ̈ ̧a ÆaØ ́·Æao Áð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±Æ Ôðð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ›ø¥·o±Æ2·øÛ±2¥ß ±°aÆø ̈·±2Ú 

›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ±o ø ̈ ¥aø­ ̈ Îð °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2  ̈ ̧a o± ́Æ  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±Æ­ ø­ ©a¥¥ ø­ 

°Æ±TM·oa  ̈ ̧a °aÆ1⁄2a2 ̈ø1a ±o ø22 ́ø¥ TMa ̧·1⁄2¥a 3·¥a­ ±o  ̈ÆøTMa¥ ·2Ê 

± fiøß flÆaø  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

± ›a2 ̈Æø¥ ø¥¥aß  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

± ‘±­ fl21a¥a­Ò×2¥ø2o ¤3°·Æa  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

± Õø2 ‹·a1±Òfi±ÆoaÆ  ̈Æøoa 1⁄2±ÆÆ·o±ÆÚ 

i Õ ́33øÆß ±o 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a °aÆo±Æ3ao ø2o ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈aoÚ 

i ›aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æ±2oÛo ́2oao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©ø­ ±°aÆø ̈ao ·2 ø1⁄21⁄2±Æoø21⁄2a ©· ̈ ̧  ̈ ̧a 

­·12ao 1⁄2±2 ̈Æø1⁄2 ̈Ù ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao ·­  ̈Æ ́a ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø ̈aÚ 

i — ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ 
–Æ±°±­· ̈·±2 ÔfiÊ Ÿ±±o­ ”±TMa3a2 ̈ ¤3·­­·±2 Œao ́1⁄2 ̈·±2 –Æ±1Æø3 ⁄·2ø¥ ÓðÔð Ÿ ́·oa¥·2a­ o±Æ ×3°¥a3a2 ̈ø ̈·±2 

fl°°a2o·® flÚ ÿaøTMß ‹ ́ ̈ß ‹·a­a¥ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ­ flÛÓð ”øÆ1⁄2 ̧ ÓðÔð 

æ ̃ ÃÆ ́1⁄2μ ­ ̈±°Òo·­ ̈Æ·æ ́ ̈·±2 1⁄2a2 ̈aÆ a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 

¤Ø ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ­ ­ ̧ø¥¥ æa Æa­°±2­·æ¥a o±Æ ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈·21  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß o±Æ  ̈ ̧a 

°Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ¥·oaÚ Ã ̧a aØ ́·°3a2 ̈ ±©2aÆ ø22 ́ø¥ Æa°±Æ ̈ ­ ̧ø¥¥ ·21⁄2¥ ́oaÙ æ ́ ̈ ·­ 2± ̈ ¥·3· ̈ao  ̈±Ê 

i ›±2 ̈ø1⁄2 ̈ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2  ̄±©2aÆ 2ø3aÙ 1⁄2±3°ø2ßÙ øooÆa­­Ù ° ̧±2a ̃Ú 

i ⁄ø1⁄2·¥· ̈ß ¥±1⁄2ø ̈·±2Ú

i –Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ 1⁄2±3°¥a ̈·±2 oø ̈aÚ

i ”±2 ̈ ̧¥ß  ̈Æ ́1⁄2μ ø2o ÃŒÀ 1⁄2±22a1⁄2 ̈·±2­  ̈± a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2ø¥ °±©aÆ ø2o a¥a1⁄2 ̈Æ·1⁄2· ̈ß  ́­ø1a o±Æ aø1⁄2 ̧ 

3±2 ̈ ̧ ·2  ̈ ̧a Æa°±Æ ̈·21 ßaøÆÚ 

i Õ ́33øÆß ±o 3ø·2 ̈a2ø21⁄2a ø2o ·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2­ 1⁄2±2o ́1⁄2 ̈aoÚ 

i Õ·12ao 1⁄2aÆ ̈·o·1⁄2ø ̈·±2 ­ ̈ø ̈a3a2 ̈  ̈ ̧ø ̈  ̈ ̧a æ±2oÛo ́2oao °Æ±¶a1⁄2 ̈ ©ø­ ·2­ ̈ø¥¥ao ø2o ·­ 

±°aÆø ̈·21 ø­ · ̈ ©ø­ ø°°Æ±TMao ·2  ̈ ̧a °±­ ̈Û·2­°a1⁄2 ̈·±2 ø2o  ̈ ̧ø ̈ ø¥¥ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 

­ ́æ3· ̈ ̈ao  ̈±  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ß ·­  ̈Æ ́a ø2o ø1⁄21⁄2 ́Æø ̈aÚ

i — ̈ ̧aÆ ·2o±Æ3ø ̈·±2 ø­ ÆaØ ́a­ ̈ao æß  ̈ ̧a ¥±1⁄2ø¥ ø1a21⁄2ßÚ