JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO CONSUMER COOPERATIVE EARNS PROFITS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 18 Mar 85 p 2

[Text] During a year and a half of operation, the Matola B communal district
consumer cooperative in the city of Maputo generated net profits of 406,000
meticals. The results of this fiscal year , submitted in detail at a meeting
of the general assembly of members held yesterday morning, are the first
accounting work of their kind accomplished by a management commission of this
cooperative, because the previous ones had been incapable. They are also
the result of an excellent organization and control shown by the members of
this management.

The account of activities carried out by the management commission of the
Matola B district consumer cooperative was carefully followed by over 400
individuals who completely filled the teacher training school room where the
meeting was held.

Although it was limited primarily to the financial aspects, the account submitt-
ed by the chairman of the aforementioned commission, Andre Pinoca, surprised

us with its insight and objectivity, something unusual in reports rendering
accounts from consumer cooperatives in our city,

With 1,160 members, during the same period the aforementioned cooperative moved
over 25 million (billing price) in goods; a figure which proves their concern
for serving its members better,

Furthermore, this concern which has always guided the management commission was
discussed at length by the secretary of the district mobilizing group.

According to this official, the present commission, the third one since the
cooperative's founding, inherited a deficit situation; because the previous
commissions have not yet submitted the results of their fiscal years.

"With the excuse of lack of organization of members comprising them, the fact
is that the outgoing commissions have not submitted their accounts," remarked
the district secretary, adding, however, that all the steps have been taken to
have the aforementioned commissions submit the results of their management.

56



as being "the most Merina-like of the Cotiers," it is nevertheless the case
that the Merinas view him with suspicion and, by association, the inhabitants
of Tananarive, whom they know make and break governnents,

It is also impossible to ignore the power of the churches, and even more so
that of the military, Coddled by the regime, the "old guard," trained in the
French mamer, seems to be loyal to it, But there is grumbling in the police
militia — 8,000 out of 30,000 men —— who fear that they will be politicized
under cover of their possible integration into the People's Armed Forces, As
for the young officers, who often come from modest backgrounds or the middle
classes, they are in no way ignorant of the economic difficulties their people
suffer from and they are beginning to stir up ideas! A significant incidents
On the evening of 2 January in the capital, a rather tight sergeant took pos~
session of an armored vehicle in order to "go and get Didier," His adventure
ended up against a lamppost, A commentary by his comrades: "If he hadn't
played the fool, he would have succeeded,,.,"

The political edifice is made up of many decentralized mechanisms that check
up on and paralyze one another: the CSR, the government, the Military Develop~
ment Committee, etc, The weight of these structures as well as that of the
interests they represent slows down the progress of the administrative machine,
since there are so many interferences, orders and counterorders, But the chief
of state is profiting from it since in distributing the tasks — or rather the
honors == and material advantages that go with them in this way he lessens the
risks which an ostensibly overly solitary exercise of power would make him rum,

How far will Mr Ratsiraka be willing to go to save what can still be saved?

He is a man of principle who will not make any spectacular about-face, but hie
is not a "free agent;" He concluded alliances when he acceded to power and he
is obligated — or believes he is obligated — to repay his debts, He is too
concerned — almost morbidly so ~- for his personal safety, over which a
Pretorian guard composed of about 1,000 North Koreans keeps watch, to take
needless risks, There is something in the behavior of this admirer of Descartes
that is not very Cartesian,

[22 Mar 85 p 7]
[ext] 2, "Operation Survival"

In power for nearly 10 years now, Mr Didier Ratsiraka does not seem to have
imposed his revolution and must go on being evasive in a complex society, A
confirmed socialist, he is today trying to correct fire by appealing to a re=
turn to traditional values (LE MONDE, 21 March),

Tananarive--Ragged little beggars have collapsed from lack of sleep on the steps
of the big stairway that leads to the Place de 1"Independance, On the terrace
of City Hall, a burned-out hulk left as it was since the revolutionary riots

of May 1972, squatters are drying out a few togs, Here and there makeshift
shelters "have sprung up," made of badly put=together boards, Almost without
shame, Tananarive displays its misery,

22


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JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as {Text ]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
jast line of a brief, indicate how the original. information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor~-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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The Features of the Solution

Ejected from their former bases, the armed bandits now appear to be attempting
to concentrate their forces for the purpose of strangling the vital road
communication between Quelimane, the provincial capital, and the district.

At the end of January, they managed to ambush and burn eight trucks carrying
provisions of prime necessity, four of which were bound for Morrambala (the
others were heading toward Caia).

The last supply delivered to this district dates back to 8 November 1984.

The great significance of the lack of salt, nevertheless, does not preclude
the enumeration of other products on the list, whereon it is followed by soap
and textiles, and the lack of production tools. The situation is all the more
grievous because of the fact that all those rescued, owing to the conditions
under which they arrived at the villages, came to the villages "wringing their
hands," as Zenda Tepo, who traveled 30 kilometers from Mapinha to Anguleti,
where he is settled, put it.

In'the more distant villages which we could not reach, the acting administrator
assured us that the nakedness is such that "many peasants spend the day locked
inside the huts, going out only by night, covered with banana leaves."

It does not cease to be ironic to find that, in the Coelho Organizations' ware-
houses in Quelimane, the goods bound for Morrumbala have been stored for months,
serving as food for an increasing swarm of rats, which gnaw everything from
soap (an enormous pile) to fabrics, salt, chinaware, blankets and countless work
tools. Along the route of the convoys, according to David Antonio Ribeiro,
these storage operators have already lost six trucks and various goods, all
worth 40,000 contos in damages.

Being the ones responsible for supplying the districts of Chinde and Milange
as well, and in order to prevent the increasing damage originating from the
deterioration of goods for Morrumbala in storage, the Coelho Organizations put
forth a proposal to have this quot diverted for consumption in. other areas,
a proposal that appears to be dormant on the shelf, with the obvious inconve-
niences.

Be that as it may, based on reports from David Ribeiro, the enterprise évinc-
ed its willingness to purchase more trucks and to assume responsibility for the
logistics of a special group of military whose exclusive function would be to
protect the convoys to Morrumbala. However, as we learned from closely asso-—
ciated sources, there is the idea among the military that the main problem is
not the armed bandits, "but the road, which is in very poor traffic condition,
particularly on the narrow section running from the Zero crossing to the head-
quarters, 52 kilometers."

While the situation remains at this point the population in Morrumbala, whose
supply situation is worsening daily, received with open arms the project that

65



cso:

* big boats had been designed to

3400/949

go further out to sea and to stay
there longer than the present
schooners. He said the new
schooncrs would carry plenty
of fresh water for up to 14
fishermen and crew on long
fishing expeditions. .

All the new facilities, Mr
Payet said, had been con-
sidered to make fishing a morc ,
exciting occupation, specially!
for young people trained at the
Seychelles Polytechnic. He
said that since Seychelles
wanted to develop its fishcrics
into an important economic ac-
tivity, then fishing as an occu-
pation had to be made more
appealing.

Thus the facilities being pro-
vided aboard the new type of ,
fishing vessels under construc-
tion on La Digue were aimed at
greatly improving both living
and working conditions at sea.

Mr Payet is hoping that tradi-
tional fishermen and young

76

| people who are thinking of
earning a living at sea will get
the opportunity to inspect the
first of these new fishing vessels
when it is launched sometime
in June.

He very much believed that
if this happened, young people
would no longer hesitate to
take up a career at sea. “The
hardships suffered by the tradi-
tional sailors nowadays will
eventually disappear. I think all
sailors will accept the new type
of fishing boats that are being
built now,” he added.

With the vast opportunities
for development that exist in
the fishing industry in Seychcl-
les, this is one sector of the
economy where jobs will be
easily available. And there is
good moncy for people in this
profession since fish is one
commodity from Seychelles
which is fast becoming an im-
portant cxport item, and a
commodity that the Seychellois
will never tire of.


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

LIBERIA

GENERAL KOLLIE URGES INVESTORS TO ASSESS COUNTRY'S BUSINESS CLIMATE

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 28 Mar 85 pp 1, 6

[Text]

cso:

Deputy Vice Head of
State Brigadier* Gener~
al Abraham D.. Kollie,
has called on poten-
tial foreign investors
in Liberia to make
personal assessment
of .the country's bus-
iness climate and not
to rely on "fabricated"
stories ..in foreign |
newspapers by "enemies
of the revolution”.” {|

General Kollie made
the call recently when.
two Dutch businessmen,
Mr. M.J. Jacob and
Aiaana Edward, Presi-
dent and Financial Ma-
nager respectively of
the International In-
vestment Company (IIC),
called on him at the
Capitol.

- The two investors
arrived here recently

{to conduct” féasibility

studies for. possible ,

3400/953

12

invéstment “{n “the” ¢o-*
untry.

m= The Deputy.,Vice. Head |
of. State. re-ectioed gov
ernment 's commitment® to:

protect investors in

keeping with the -na-

tion's free enterprise

System, and ‘called on.
authorities concerned

to institute measures |

aimed at | attracting
more investors into
the country. . ssa

“For his part, Mr. |
Jacob expressed his
company's desire to |
establish a trade cen-.
ter in Liberia, and'
noted many investment
opportunities existed
in Liberia. ad ic)
He said the company
would be interested
in investing in fish-
eries and dogging; |

_ among others.- . i


main purpose of this force is to establish peace in this part
of the world.

Q. How would you descrite your relationship with the Ad-
ministrator General and the Administration.

A. At the moment it is very cordial, there is no problem, we
get along very well. | am responsible to the Administrator
General for certain monies for this Territory Force and we
are working to put the entire SWATF under the ad-
ministrative powers of the Executive Power In SWA so in
fact | have no problems in my liaison with these officials.

Q. Over the years there have been numerous allegations that
the -SWATF is simply an extension of the South African
Defence Force, and is not really independent.

A. At this moment in time it is correct to say that it is not an
independent force, it is working to be an independent
force, but because SWA is not independent so the force
also cannot be independent, but the force in fact consists
only of SW Africans in Its entire structure. The force is in-
dependent in such a way that at present 61% of all
fighting soldiers on the border are members of SWATF
units. So | think that this proves that in the future, should it
become necessary, that this force can become completely
independent and be able to do its stuff.

Q. Where is the recruiting area for.the Force ana wnat
methods do you use to obtain your personnel.

A. The recruiting area Is South West Africa. We recrult for the
various battalions and we recruit in the area where the bat-
talions are established. We simply go out and say we have
so many. vacancies and we normally get an over-
subscription to these vacancles — up to three or four
times. We also have a national service system whereby
everbody is liable to be called up :as a National Ser-
viceman. Basically, the same as in the Republic, the only
difference being that all colours and creeds are included in
the National Service.

Q. And the other racial groups?

A. All of them. Irrespective of race, religion, creed, education.
We have at the moment an education limit of Standard 6.

Q. So you would say then that the racial composition of the
forces is in line with the population percentages of the
country?

A. Yes, definitely.

Q. On your compulsory call up, what is the initial period of
service and what is their on-going military commitment
and will these periods be a fixed period of time or adjusted
to meet anticipated threat?

A. At the moment it is exactly the same as in South Africa
because the two forces are so closely related it is very dif-
ficult to have another system in South West Africa, other-
wise you can get a ‘dodger’ from the one country to the
other. But the initial service is two years and the extended
service later, as In the Republic but, as you say, this could
be and would be amended as required from time to time.

Q. How has the local populace reacted to the need for com-
pulsory military service?

A. The military service we are doing up until now was.viewed
very sympathetically by everybody. | have delegations

71



The universal formula that concludes many of his official speeches: "Long live
Madagascar, which will not kneel," is not a formula devoid of meaning,

For the time being, Moscow's actions here are more on the decline, as are —

a significant fact -— those of the AKYM, which locally serves as Moscow's spokes-
man, Did not the latter recently complain about the "pro-American" tone of
Mallagasy radio broadcasts? True, the media make less effective use of TASS
[Soviet news agency | dispatches than before! In the eyes of a large portion of
the population cyclone Kamisy, which last April ravaged the northern part of

the big island, served to expose the Kremlin's attitude,

France was the first to send two units of its fleet to the aid of victims in
Antsiranana, ‘They were followed by an American Navy repair ship, As for
Soviet ships, they are still waiting for then,

The appearance of the repair ship "hector" in the anchorage at Antsiranana

was, moreover, a new sign of the rekindling of relations between Tananarive

and Washington, ‘The centennial of relations between the two countries had
alxeady -- 2 years ago ~~ been noisily celebrated here, At that time Mr Chester
Crocker, the American assistant secretary of state for African affairs declared:
“Those who succeed us will discover that 1983 was one of the finest years in

the long history of Malagasy~American friendship," It was the end of a long
falling-out marked by the absence of an American ambassador on the big island
from May 1975 to September 1980,

There are no longer any serious misunderstandings between the two countries,
each accepting the other as it is, Last November Mr Ratsixaka sent a congratu~
latory message to Mr Ronald Reagan on the occasion of his reelection, but -—
oddly enough —~ its contents were not divulged! While the Malagasy chief of
state has never made an official visit to Washington — his last stay on the
other side of the Atlantic goes back to 1973 when he was minister of foreign
affairs — he has just, for the first time since 1975, sent a parliamentary
mission there headed by Mx Lucien Andrianarahinjaka, the president of the
National Assembly,

Cooperation with Washington at Its Height

Cooperation is at its height: Since May 1981, Washington. has granted the big
island $50 million in food aid, Three American companies are exploring the
Malagasy subsoil in an attempt to get black gold to gush from it, Under the
present circumstances Mr Ratsiraka wants to keep from offending the United
States, which holds the keys to a possible Ali Baba's cave! The chairmanship
of the Organization of African Unity (oav) is also not for the time being
trying to offend it since it would, in this very visible position, be obliged
to show itself to be unyielding, and that would not please everybody,

Thais realistic decision also marks the new orientation Mr Ratsiraka intends to
imbue his regional policy with, ‘The recent admission of France and the Comoros
to the Indian Ocean Commission, which already included Madagascar, Mauritius
and the Seychelles, is proof of this, The Y gany chief of state today takes
into account certain "realities" and thus recognizes France as 2 “horder power,"

29



JPRS-SSA-85~-036

30 April 1985

SWAZILAND

BRIEF

FARMING AID DISCUSSED--The minister for agriculture and cooperatives, Mr
Hezekiel Mamba, has told his South African counterpart that due weight must
be given to the problems of food supply, with the ultimate goal being to im-
prove the living standards of the peoples of both countries. He said that his
ministry was still busy with detailed preparations for projects which would be
submitted to South Africa for assistance. Mr Mamba was speaking a few minutes
ago, at a dinner in his honor by the South African agriculture minister at the
Mount Nelson Hotel in Cape Town. He said that in the Southern African subre-
gion, drought had shattered the hopes of the farmer and the government and had
brought distress to the people. Mr Mamba said the consumption of yellow maize
in the absence of white maize had ushered a big cry among ‘the Swazi people.
The minister left the country yesterday on a brief visit to South Africa.
[Text] [Mbabane Television Service in English 1815 GMT 10 Apr 85 MB]

CsO: 3400/971

100


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MALAWI

BWANALI OUTLINES ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES FOR 1985

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 26 Mar 85 p 10

[Text]

GROSS estimated expen-
diture on Revenue Account
for 1985/86 is K452.1 mil-
lion, the Minister of
Finance, Mr. Edward Bwa-
nali announced in Parlia-
ment while presenting the
budget statement last

The Minister compared
that the figure represented
an increase of 9.4-per cent
from the 1984/85 revised
estimate of K413 million,

‘With appropriations-in-
aid of K49 milli mn the next
expenditure on enue
account is budgeted at
K402.9 million — ‘an
increase of 8.2 per cent, he
stated.

1984/85
estimates of K155.5 mil-
lion, the Minister said.

He elaborated that this

CSO: 3400/957

Teflected the expected
‘increase in debt service
obligation by 12.5 per cent
from the 1984/85 revised
estimate of K157.2 million
to a high budgeted estimate
for 1985/86, of K175.5
million.

‘A contributing factor to
this, he explained, is the
fact that our period of debt
rescheduling came to an
end in June, 1984 for bila-
teral loans and in August,
1984 for commercial loans,
returning the original sche-
dules with added interest
rates,

The Finance Minister
also said that gross voted
expenditure had increased
by 9.4 per cent to K270.7
million.

“This includes an alloca:
tion for other and
services of K175.6 million,
representing 2.5.7 per cent
increase from the revised
estimates for 1984/85 of
K186.1m, net’ revenues
are estimated at K332,1

36

million.

Mr. Bwanali told the
House that receipts on the
revenue account for -
1985/86 ammounted to
K332,3 million, an increase.
of 7.2 per cent from the
revised estimate of K309.9'
million. The estimated
expenditure of K402.5 mil-
lion and the net revenue of
K332.3 million, yielded .a
deficit on this account’ of
K70.7 million.

He said the deficits on
the development account
and the revenue account
yield.a combined deficit of
K104.4 million.

Part of this deficit will be
financed from programme
and commodity aid, leaving
an unfunded financing gap
‘of. K44.9 million, he said,

This unfunded gap, the
Minister went on, called for
the introduction by the .
government of new measu-
res to close it. Mana


15 children, greeted us, opening with an "I'm doing very well here," when the
explanation was given of our purpose in coming.

Born in Muerundo, he lends substance to his assertion, adding; "I lived with
the bandits a year..and a half." Windo Ambrosio relates: "When they arrived,
they immediately began hunting the officials, some of whom they killed. At
that time, their action was.aimed more openly against the population, from
whom they demanded young goats, flour and other foodstuffs. They abducted
the youngest women and our children."

The old. man's testimony discloses: "It was then that some of us who had let
ourselves .be fooled by the promises of independence and high offices realized
whom they were fighting." Persecuted in particular, "because I have many
young goats and hogs," Windo Ambrosio was one of the first to seek safety in
the village, of which "I had already heard." \

"I left my family during the night, without saying anything to anyone."
Settled in Tiade, with nothing more than his hands, he now glarices peacefully
at the corn and says: "I have a house to live in, and a farm with corn, rice
and sorghum." ‘

Coming to Stay n \

Like all those who come, Windo Ambrosio was treated to the distribution of a
hectare and a half.of land for starting his farm, to which he added more
areas; because, according to Americo Zimba, if "the person has the strength
for more, we give land for cultivation." The result of this entire policy
is that the peasants are viewing this campaign with great optimism regarding
the results from their total of 3,000 hectares planted with corn alone.

For those who, like Dionisio Chotar, consider "every new day a miracle," the
possibilities of remaking a life up to the level existing in this center of
collective existence have not failed to show a "significant change," as we
were told by the secretary of the locality. In the various contacts made with
the village's inhabitants, the memory of the recent past, with the bandits’
atrocitites, could be anticipated, even from the ease and fluency with which
they talked about it.

Dionisio Chotar, who arrived in the village 8 months ago, claimed that, in
Coutinho, where he was living, "After the bandits' arrival I was left alone,
because my wife and daughters were abducted to the\base, where they ground

meal to feed them." Forced to wander through the woods, because "I could

only go home seeking some food at night," he used to sleep lying on top of
trees: "I knew that if they caught’ me I would be shot."

The family's reunification took place much later, when "they were liberated by
the FPLM." Joaquina Amor Oliva is still in ‘a forced separation from her husband
who, at the time of the flight, "went to settle in the village of Muera.”

61



NEW MEASURES ENACTED TO REDUCE DEFICIT

Blantyre MALAWI NEWS in English 23-29 Mar 85

[Text]

THE FOLLOWING meas-
ures were announced
by the Minister of Fi-
nance in Parliament
yesterday to help cover
an estimated K44.9 mil-
lion deficit on the 1985-
86 Budget: .
“eLand rent is to be in-
creased from K7.41 per
hectare to K10 per hectare
per annum. The Commis-
sioner for. Lands has been
instructed to enforce the
collection of this fee, and
will effect land seizure if
necessary upon default of
payment.
10 per cent of receipts
from rent of properties,
royalties, fees and commis-
sions, and supplies to insti-
tutions under tender: or
any other ement
with a value of K200 or
more at any one single
time, will be withheld as
Government tax.
TOBACCO

5 per cent of receipts on

CSO: 3400/956

the sale of iobacco at Auc-
tion Floors, and farm
products sold with a value
of at least K200, will be
withheld as Government
tax.

eNew legislation is to be
introduced on taxation of
insurance companies to
provide new taxation for-
mula for life assurance
business.

Mr. Bwanali also _an-
nounced that Stamp Du
payable in respect of life
insurance policies will be
adjusted downwards by 50
per cent to assist people in
acquiring life assurance
cover.
eA 10 per cent levy is im-
posed on the f.o.b. value of
exports of tea and tobacco
to be paid by an exporter at
the time his goods are be-
ing exported. The levy is
wholly deductible as an ex-

pense for income tax pur- -

poses.
INCOME TAX

eIncome tax collection is
advanced to a financial

32

pp 1-2

JPRS-SSA--85-.036

30 April 19;

MALAWI

year corresponding to the
financial year of each tax-
payer. Each taxpayer will
be expected to pay his in-
come tax no later than 30
days after the end of his or
her financial year. Assess-
ment of tax will now be
made after an estimated
tax has been paid.

eAdjustments are made in
the scale and rates of Grad-
uated Income Tax and
Pay-As-You-Earn Income
‘Tax: The adjustments are
intended to reduce the re-"
gressive. nature, of Grad-
uated Income Tax, and to

: Streamline the rates of tax-
;-ation under PAYE.

The effect of the adjust-
ments will be reductions in
the ‘amount ‘of taxes pay-
able by most taxpayers: af-

fected by the adjustment.

However, in the. e event of
4: worsening -nonfun
deficit, these “reductions
may be reversed and ad+

justed upwards to. cover
such a deficit. :

85



economic potential, Morrumbala would, in any event, be "the center from which
this activity to destroy the bandits' focal points spread."

Bitter Salt

It is enlightening to learn, based on the information that we gathered, that
it was in Morrumbala, or more accurately in Murreremba, that the armed bandits
set up their "provincial main base," the function. of which was logistical
backup for the satellite camps, training, and serving as a center to send out
the countless groups which carried out attack and destruction activities in

other districts.

The destruction of this base, on 27 October 1983, in a sudden operation, "was
the beginning of the collapse" to the bottom,followed by other operations of
lesser scope to dismantle and disperse the advanced camps.

As the statements from the peasants contacted by us attest, the recovery and
the starting of the bases for rehabilitating them date back to the éarly
months of 1984; as a result of the military offensive, but also of the poli-
tical mobilization work that was being done meanwhile, and simultaneouly, on
the front, in a serious manner.

It is with assurance that Mario Angureti tells us: "The situation now has no
possible comparison with those dreadful times in 1982 or 1983." With no false
pride he nevertheless thinks that, although a great deal has been done
already, there is still more to be accomplished to make the cleanup complete;
because in the "dense woods there are still groups of five or six 'madjubas'

at large which, from time to time, desperate from hunger and isolation, attempt
to imvade the peasants."

An awareness of this fact is noted in the consistent action to form a self-
defense, with 6-month courses to which:all the residents of the headquarters
and the communal villages are sent. In early February, the second of these
courses ended, one in which there was participation by students (then on
vacation), officials and district directors.

Evidence of these peaceful times are the cornfields and cassava fields border-—
ing the district headquarters, the squash and sweet potatoes and the distant
echo of voices and the native music carried by the night wind over the kilo-
meters from the nearby villages.

This year promises an abundance of food products, an abundance which will
necessarily contrast with the enormous need. for manufactured products that the
population is undergoing. In Morrumbala, every day there is a procession of
villagers with chickens, ducks and young goats walking through the town, on
the lookout, and craving barter with the local gold: salt.

Present in all the statements made, salt .occupies the leading place in the

concerns voiced to us both in Tiade and in Denguma, tn Anguleti ‘and seven at
the district headquarters.

64


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

TANZANIA

SINOTASHIP VESSELS MODERNIZED
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 22 Mar 85 p 3
{Article by Daniel Mshana]

[Text] Three conventional vessels owned by the Chinese-Tanzania Joint Shipping
Company (SINOTASHIP) have been converted into container cargo vessels under a
modernisation programme already underway.

SINOTASHIP ‘General Manager Nicas Buhatwa said in Dar es Salaam that the
vessels--mv Ruvu, Shinyu and Pinggu--were now carrying containers and break~
bulk cargo.

He said his company decided to phase out conventional vessels which were
designed to carry dry cargo due to increased use of containers in shipping
business.

The programme was deliberately undertaken during this time when there was
clearly recorded slump in shipping business occasioned by deteriorating world
economic trade, he pointed out.

The exercise was also aimed at getting rid of unnecessary and unqualified crew
in order to enhance the performance of the company.

Ndugu Buhatwa further disclosed that discussions were going on with shipbrokers
to buy a modern vessel which would replace the aged mv Chamwino.

The General Manager, who recently returned from the People's Republic of China,
also said that SINOTASHIP signed an agreement with the insurance company of
China to cover losses of cargo as well as war risks.

He said this would provide more security to the shipping company which oc~
casionally faced stiff competition from established conference lines which had
control of a large chunk of shipping trade.

Under the agreement, assessment would also be made to see if the company can

benefit when there was insufficient cargo as the insurance has been extended
to cover "seating losses".

101



JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MARKETING OF GREEN ZONE PRODUCE SAID SUCCESSFUL IN BEIRA
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 14 Mar 85° p ‘5

(Text] Last year, for the first time, Beira marketed the surplus
produce, mainly fromthe family sector, grown’in the green

zones. Although some problems were acknowledged, the experiment
was considered a success, according to the report presented day
before yesterday to the ninth session of the Beira Assembly,

now in progress.

The lack of experience in this area and the national transportation shortage were
the main obstacles to this activity. As a result, large quantities of cassava
and sweet potatoes spoiled in the marketing establishments or while still in

the hands of the family farmers.

Moreover, no solution was found to serve as an efficient basis for the marketing
of these tubers. Cassava, in particular, keeps better when dried than does
fresh cassava. However, since no methods were established for trade with the
producer, fresh cassava was sold in large quantities.

Discussing the matter in the assembly, Raimundo Cossa, director of green zones,
pointed out that adjustments were made as the process went along, and a Marketing
Commission was created, an agency which involves several entities.

The marketing was conducted by the Domestic Trade Ministry through AGRICOM
[Agricultural Products Marketing Company] and the green zones, which participated
directly and through the [cooperative] Hortifruticola. Sales included 3 tons

of rice, 150 tons of sweet potatoes, 13 tons of cashew nuts, 23 kilograms of
dried cassava and 19 of vegetables.

According to Raimundo Cossa, most of the cassava should be sold after drying,
because there is currently no way to preserve it, although fresh cassava can
also be sold in small quantities.

When the problem of the loss of cassava and sweet potatoes was raised at the
assembly meting, Titos Afonso, director of domestic trade in the city, noted
that there was another problem at the trading posts.

AGRICOM had the responsibility of transporting the products for marketing, and
the cassava and other merchandise should be delivered to the city by now.

42


cso:

I believe this shifting was precipitated
not when the Government changed 5 poi
and Asians through

cy towards coloureds
the tri-cameral Parliament, but when it
ton, this country will not and cannot be
governed and dominated by one political
party. We are moving irrevocably to a
future where white, coloured, Indian and
black will, either informally or formally,
indirectly or directly, participate in the
decision-making process and government
of South Africa.

Even the Nationalist Party begins to

in its own Cabinet. :
1 believe the PEP has the talent, the
the will in the

this new process of change? What and
of role must it try
itself? Let me identify some trends against
which the PFP will have to position itself.

It is quite evident that we are well on
our way to experiencing the disintegra-
tion and dissolution of the apartheid policy
and ideology.

know it and the Nats know it.
This coming apart is not the result of
any one organisation, individual or group's

3400/941

and hammer out for

i

84

activity. It is a combination of factors, per-
_faps most important of all the rate of pop-_
ulation incréase, the tempo of black urban-
isation, black demands for education and
job opportunities, the fall in the gold price,
the exchange rate of the Rand to the Dol-
lar, the drought, the Government's mis-
management of the economy and of its
own political programme.

Al these factors somehow in 1985 came |
to a head and defined the crisis in which |
we find ourselves now.

Whether the Government or South Afri-
ca likes it or not, we are already beginning
to prepare ourselves for living in a. post- ;
apartheid society. This is going’ to present
us with new challenges in our cities, in our
Face relations, in education, in labour and
in government administration.

Tronically, this Nationalist Party ‘Gov-
ernment has the historically important
task to begin dismantling old-style apart-
heid and preparing South Africa: forthe
apost-apartheid era...) = vie +. wite ts |

As. we begin.to prepare for thé next
General Election, whether it.be in:three ;
years, two years or next year, the white |
electorate will have to decide whether |
they want the Nationalist Party Govern |
ment to move back in ie, spirit and att
tude to the futile politics represented by
the Conservative Party, or whether it!
wants to move forward to the reform. poli- ;
‘tics represented by the PFP. i |
, This is the crucial significance of the
next General Election. |

‘The PFP is determined that after’ that |
election no effective reform can take place |
without our mediation, assistance and con:
tribution.

We bove the flexibility and the creativi -
ty to to play a leading role in the decision-'

making processes of this country and nego-
tiation polities. .

Two years ago I started talking about
the “balance: of power” situation
ning to develop i“ the white political
arena. I was laughed out of court by. most |
Nationalist Party commentators. The
laugh is beginning to sound more hollow as
events unfold before us. i

The arena of politics is broadening be-
yond the old boundaries and in that wider
arena the policy, philosophy and the role of
the PEP becoming more not less, rele
vant.


JPRS-SSA-85~036
30 April 1985

GHANA

FRIMPONG WARNS ARMY ON ABUSES, DISCIPLINE

Accra GHANATAN TIMES in English 27 Mar 85 pp 1, 3

[Article by Janet Carboo]

[Text]

cso;

Pre Force Sergeant-Major of the Ghana Armed For
ces, Warrant Officer Class One, Isaac Frimpong,
has called on soldiers to adhere to the discipline In the
Army in order to. make. the country a better place te
Wwe in.

The Force. Sergeant-Major said the Army would
not allow those who would like to’ take the law into
their own hands to stay, “because we want to make the
Army a good place.”

He was talking at the Castle yesterday to a gathe-
ring of soldiers who go on guard duty there. ;

Reminding the soldiers that the: rigorous training and exercises
that they went through’ before and after enlistment was to prepare
them for. the discipline that
would be required of them in the
course of their duty, the Force
Sergeant-Major asked them to
try and do the correct things at
all times.

“Without discipline, there.
would be ho Army”, he stressed,
“Let us obey orders and do
what our seniors tell us to do,
because a house without a

ior is not a proper house.” -
He touched on some: of the
unpopular acts by some soldiers
and advised ‘the soldiers to do
well the work that was required
of them instead of getting invol-

‘yadod activities fat, aeve them

The Force Sergeant-Major cited
instances when some military |
men had given out their uniforms .
and weapons to civilians to use
in armed robberies.

He spoke against practices of
some soldiers’ insisting on pay-

3400/955

ing for commodities at less than
their cost prices.

These, he ‘said, amounted to a
misuse of the uniform and they
were acts’ that made the public
speak ill of the institution.

In-his contribution, the Organi-
zing Assistant of the Armed For-
ces.CDR, WO 1 Kwaku Sem
Anderson, called on the military
te use their position to help
educate the people’ in their va.
rious fields.

For instarice, We said, on a
visit to their villages, it would
be their duty not only to offer
useful suggestion; they stiould
also take the lead in comminity
affairs in order to get the people
involved.

Staff.

i-Sergeam e

secretary to the Armed Forces
CDR, on’ his part, elaborated on
the changes from the PDCs and
WDCs to CDRs, remarking that
the change was a step in the
tight direction..

The CDR secretary said with’

the PDC and WDC, some people :

thought its membership was limi-
ted to a selected few who were
there to defend a certain group
of people.

“The CDR is for all wtio Have
tie interest of the revolution
and country at Heart,” he said.

Fratiole dakpa,”’



Nampula Executive Council Head Comments on Green. Zones ;
(NOTICIAS, 15 Mar 85)...ccceececccccescbeisvece

Marketing Figures for Inhambane Reported :
(NOTICIAS, 18 Mar 85)....ceeceeceeeeneseese

Cotton Cultivation Decline in Mutarara Disttict Explained
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 13 Mar 85).....0.

Growth of Agricultural Cooperatives in Tete
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 11 Mar 85)......

Agricultural Cooperative Growth in Nampula
(NOTICIAS, 16 Mar 85)......

Maputo Consumer Cooperative Earns Profits
(NOTICIAS, 18 Mar 85)..

Pemba Population Satisfied With New Bus Network
(NOTICIAS, 2 Mar 85)..

District Normalizes After Long Period of Insecurity
(Fernando Manuel; TEMPO, 17 Mar 85)....

Briefs
Charges Against Hidromoc Director
Accord Signed With UNICEF
Nampula Military School Approves Plan
Niassa Reorganizes Prison System
Trucks From Holland
Governors Promote Small Projects

NAMIBIA

General Officer of SWA Territory Force on Developments, Functions
(G. L. Meiring Interview; ARMED FORCES, Mar 85)...

SEYCHELLES

Army Grows Own Food in Bid for Self-Sufficiency
(SEYCHELLES WEEKEND NATION, 30 Mar 85)..sssecessccceceeceees

New Fishing Vessel Designed in La Digue
(SEYCHELLES NATION, 28 Mar 85) sssesseeneseseeeeeeececeeeee es

Briefs 7
Soviet, French Navies Assist in Search
First Norwegian Ambassador Accredited

4h

46

48

50

54

56

70

74

75

77
77


Referring specifically to operations in the city of Qualimane, our informant
said that the young men were not reporting on the first few days. He noted,
however, that this phenomenon is observed almost every year, because those who
become eligible “always tend to leave everything until the last moment, not
knowing what repercussions this could cause."

Registration Not Complete

Contacted by this newspaper, Francisco Combe, secretary of the Dynamization
Group for Chaimite District, reported that the registration campaign in that
neighborhood had been the most successful in recent years, both in terms of
organization and participation. ‘During the process, we all took part in the
mobilization, and this enabled our young people to understand that the restora-
tion of peace in our country depended on their participation in its defense."

The official noted that the flow of young men to the registration post began
to increase in the final days, to the point that "many young people could not
be registered."

In view of this situation, Combe felt that "the registration period should be
extended for at least 2 more weeks." In support of his proposal, he notdd that
many young men had been on vacation or had been attending self-defense training
courses during the campaign and had been unable to register.

The district secretary also noted that most of the young men who had not regis-
tered were procrastinators who like to leave everything to the last minute.
"Many young men have shown up here begging to be registered, but we could not
do anything without authorization from the higher organs," he said.

6362
CSO: 3442/225

39



GENERAL OFFICER OF SWA TERRITORY FORCE ON DEVELOPMENTS, FUNCTIONS

Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English Mar 85 pp 11-13

Q. General, as this post that you hold is very much in the eye
of the media could we start off with a brief outline of your
background.

A. | was commissioned in 1961 as a member of Bloemfontein
Commando and after obtaining a MSc in physics was ap-
pointed to the rank of Captain in the permanent force in
1963 as an instructor at the school of signals. Later | at-
tended in the United Kingdom what was called the Officers
Long Electronic Training Course for post graduates. Then |
filled a number of Staff posts until | took over as Director
of Telecommunications. After which | was appointed as
Officer Commanding Witwatersrand Command and then
back to Headquarters and | held the position of Deputy
Chief of the Army before being transferred to my present
command.

Q. What exactly is your function here, and your area of
responsibility?

Q.1 have two appointments. General Officer Commanding of
South West African Command and General Officer Com-
manding of South African Army Forces in South West
Africa, and as such | am responsible for the Western
Theatre of Operations. | am also responsible as General
Officer Commanding the South West Africa Territory
(SWATF) and for building this force.

Q. Thank you, and now that we have established your areas
of responsibility, what is the South West Africa Territory
Force (SWATF) and its present and future tasks?

A. The Territory Force is being established to enable South
West Africa once it has become Independent to safeguard
itself and to have a force and conduct operations. In fact
to have an army at its disposal for all the tasks that such
an army might be required to undertake. In the meantime
we are building this force out of the people of South West
Africa for the people of South West Africa. The force con-
sists of a number of battalions in the field, of the National
Service element and support elements. We will come to
the exact disposition later If you would like to, but the

70

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

NAMIBIA

{Interview with Major General G. L. Meiring, SSAS, General Officer of the
South West Africa Territory Force]


EASTERN CAPE UNREST, FIREBOMBINGS NOTED

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 3 Apr 85 p 1

{Text]

THE. unrest in “the Eastern’ Cape *

claimed its youngest victim so far when
a year-old child burnt to death when the
shack in which she lived was fire-
bombed.

;, The fire occurred on Monday night in the’

shanty town of ‘Veeplaas outside Port Eliza-
. beth and six other shacks were. destroyed be-
‘-fore the blaze could be brought under control
by firemen.

The police liaison officer for the Eastern Cape,

Colonél Gerrie van Rooyen, said the name of the
child had not yet been ascertained. ‘

-In another incident the unrest touched on a white
area for the first time when a car parked in the drive-
way of.a Despatch house was burnt in a suspected
firebomb attack. :

/The car belonged to Mr J Colesky, who told po-
lice he saw two men running from the scene towards
the nearby. black township and fired two shots but
did not hit anyone. _—

Colonel van Rooyen said that police vehicles in
the. townships near Uitenhage, Port Elizabeth and
Grahamstown were stoned and in Langa township
outside Uitenhage barricades were erected in some
streets and set alight. . 5

cso: 3400/950

79

‘He said when’ police moved in ‘to dismantle the’
barricades they were attacked by stone throwers and
in these and other incidents tearsmoke, rubber bul-
lets and shotguns were used to disperse mobs. H

Arsonists
He added that two members of the police force
and four members of the Defence Force were

“ Slightly injured by stones and that five people had

been arrested. .° '

In the Port Elizabeth township of KwaZakhele
two schools were attacked by arsonists.

In Grahamstown the home of the mayor of the
black Rini Town Council, Mr Colley Draai, was al-
legedly attacked by a mob of 500 stone-throwing
youths on Sunday night. Mr Draai said he fired seve-
ral warning shots from a revolver before they dis-
persed. He did not think he had hit anyone.

However,. Colonel van Rooyen said’ that a
wounded 16-year-old youth was found by ‘police in
the same township at 12.30 am on Monday. He had
a bullet wound in. the stomach and was admitted to
Livingstone Hospital in Port Elizabeth. :

Colonel’ van Rooyen said that: it was‘ not yet |
known who had shot the youth and said police were
investigating the incident. .



-\ 172096
JPRS-SSA-85-036

30 April 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

DTIC QUALITY aNSPECTED g

19980224 125

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

ered

‘ RepRoouC a t

"RATIONAL TECHNICAL | aio oo
INFORMATION SERVICE i ae release

oS esi gemmret || proved 19 ited,

—__$ 23 piso / 2



JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

GDR TEAM IN DAR--A three-man delegation from the Socialist Unity Party of the
German Democratic Republic (GDR), arrived in Dar es Salaam yesterday for a six-
day official visit to Tanzania at the invitation of Party. The delegation,
led by First Secretary of the Central Committee (SED), Hans-Joachim Nertwig
from Frankfurt/Oder, was scheduled to hold talks later yesterday with the head
of the Department of Ideology, Political Education and Training of the Party
National Executive Committee of CCM Secretariat, Ndugu Kingunge Ngombale-—
Mwiru, Shihata reported. Others in the delegation are the head of the Africa
section of the SED, Dr. Siegfried Buettner and head of training section re-
sponsible for Africa, Joachim Kindler. The delegation will today visit the
Ubungo Farm Implements (UFI) factory Party Branch and will later proceed to
Coast Region where it will tour Pangani village and the Kibaha Education
Centre in Kibaha District. It will later go to Dodoma where it will meet
Prime Minister Salim Ahmed Salim and deliver a message from GDR President
Erich Honecker to President Nyerere. Ndugu Salim will receive the message

for Mwalimu who is currently on a state visit in Britain. The delegation
will go to Zanzibar on Thursday for a working tour and return to Dar es Salaam
on the same day. Official talks between the two parties will resume on Friday
and the two sides are expected to sign a protocol of co-operation for 1985,
The delegation leaves for Uganda on Saturday.. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY
NEWS in English 19 Mar 85 p 1]

KIMARIO WARNS SOLDIERS--The Minister of Defence and National Service Brigadier
Muhidin Kimario ‘has said that the government will take harsh measures against
soldiers who involve themselves in stealing army money or equipment including
those who misused army vehicles. Speaking to commanders and soldiers of the
Mbalizi People's Defence Unit in Mbeya yesterday, the Minister said that more
than 200m/~ have been stolen from different army stations in Mwanza, Tabora,
Shinyanga and Lindi, Shihata reported. The minister said the Government would
try its best to supply the soldiers with their most essential needs but it was
up to them to take care of the equipment they were supplied with. The Minister
urged the soldiers to go back to the traditions, customs and rules of the army,
He said a number of problems facing it now were because army discipline was
not followed. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Mar 85 p 1]

KOREAN EXPERTS COMMENDED--Agricultural experts from the Democratic People's
Republic of Korea (DPRK) have been commended for their contribution in

modernising agriculture in Iringa Region. Speaking at a farewell ceremony
held at Maguliwa Village in honour of out~going Korean experts, the Iringa

105



LIBERIA

General Kollie Urges Investors To Assess Country's Business Climate
(NEW LIBERIAN, 28 Mar 85)...... eee eee eee eee eee eee

Debtors Detained at Camp Belle Yallah
(G. Kparcon Nardoh; NEW LIBERIAN, 29 Mar 85).....eeeeeeeeeee

Nationals in Ghana Declare Support for Doe

(THE LIBERIAN, 28 Mar 85)...ccececceccccectencecetsscesens on
Fullahs Urged To Unite
(Gus D. Jaeploe; NEW LIBERIAN, 28 Mar 85).....eeeeeeeeeecees
Briefs
Two Israelis Explore Investment
MADAGASCAR

Three-Part Series on Breakdown of Revolution
(Jacques de Barrin; LE MONDE, 21-23 Mar 85).........eeeees .

MALAWI

SADCC Energy Projects Seeking Funding
(Eston Thyoka-Phiri; DAILY TIMES, 27 Mar 85)......seeeeeeees

New Measures Enacted To Reduce Deficit
(MALAWL NEWS, 23-29 Mar 85)....... ee ey

Banda Applauds Army on Community Cooperation
(DAILY TIMES, 25 Mar 85)....-ceeeeeeeee eee ences eee eeeeene

Lower Economic Growth Expected for 1985
(MALAWI NEWS, 23-29 Mar 85)......ssee0- seca cece ee eeeeeeeee oe

Bwanali Outlines Estimated Expenditures for 1985
(DAILY TIMES, 26 Mar 85)......... see c eee ee eeees see eceeeees

MOZAMBIQUE

Obligatory Military Service Registration Successful
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 11 Mar 85)

Bulgaria Donates Soap, Clothing to Cooperatives
(NOTICIAS, 15 Mar 85)....+.+.000-

Marketing of Green Zone Produce Said Successful in Beira
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 14 Mar 85).....+.e4-

12

13

15

16

7

18

31

32

33

35

36

37

40


Regional Party Secretary, Ndugu Athanase Kwilasa, said through Korean assis~-
tance Maguliwa Village had been transformed from a permanent hunger stricken
village to one of the leading maize producing villagesin the region, The
Korean experts had been stationed at the village for the past five years.
Maguliwa village in 1979/80 cultivated 20 acres and harvested 18 bags equiva-
lent to 19 kgs per acre but during the 1983/84 the village harvested some
6,500 bags from a 44-hectare maize farm. During the 1984/85, Maguliwa Vil-
lage expects a harvest of 1,616 bags of wheat from their 202~hectare farm
worth 165,000/-. It also expects to harvest 300 bags of sunflower worth
90,000/- from a 32-hectare shamba, The Regional Party Secretary noted that
such achievements could not have been reached without guidance and supervision
of the Korean experts. He challenged the village leadership to carry on from
where the experts had left. The Korean experts, apart from supervision farm
work, have also established a weather forecasting station. They have also
fabricated various artisanship tools for a village level workshop,. [‘fext]
{Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 21 Mar 85 p 3]

CSO: 3400/945

. 106


Tananarive-—He wants to create "a mystique of French apprenticeship," Nothing
less! Justin Rakotoniaina, who was minister of national. education in 1975 at
the time of the "great upheaval" and who today heads the CSR Cultural and Social
Commission, does not beat about the bush, You do what you have to when you ad~
mit the failure of a system! Moreover, did not Mr Didier Ratsiraka, the chief
of state, set the tone during the ceremony of presenting his wishes for the

New Year? "A pity," he regretted at the time, "no one reads La Fontaine on
Madagascar any more,,.."

According to the "Red Book," Malagasization was nothing but the “harmonization
of educational content and methods with the imperatives of the revolution,"
Now according to Mr Rakotoniaina, "a poor interpretation was made, one that
resulted in an exclusive utilization of Malagasy and a rejection of French,"
At the "secondary level" the latter was taught only as a foreign language,
while at the "higher education level." students did not have sufficient command
of it to properly assimilate the subject matter, particularly the scientific
and technical subjects, included in the program, Probably for ideological
reasons, moreover, French was learned without reference to authors, but on the
basis of topies, for example, work or the cooperatives,

"French Whether We Like It or Not..."

Malagasy officials today admit: "A language of international commmication,
whether we like it or not, French is part of our cultural heritage," They will
also have to work twice as fast to make up for the errors of the past, A
ministerial memorandum recently increased the weekly instruction of French at
the "secondary level" by 1 hour for the first cycle of studies and by 2 hours
for the second cycle, This year at the faculty of letters they anticipate a
"leveling" in French: 125 hours of courses spread out over 14 weeks,

This promotion of French goes beyond the school and university system per se,
Does it not involve development of the library network throughout the country,
specifically by providing them with books in French, increasing the volume of
programs telecast in French and above all creating a second radio network in
French -— it was eliminated in 1973 — that will broadcast 9 hours a day during
the best time "slots"?

This "rebalancing" was made possible by the fact that Paris and Tananarive
ended up by getting together again, that their relations today seem to be sound
and free from mutual suspicions, Mr Ratsiraka and his people are therefore in
a better position to defend themselves against the criticism leveled at them by
those who had staked everything on Malagasization, to wit that of being the
accomplices of a "cultural reconquest by France," For Mr Rakotoniaina, "the
rehabilitation of the study of French is a question of interest, not sentiment,"
As for the chief of state, he continues to be as mistrustful as before of the
idea of French-language use and refuses to join the large family of those who
are calling for it,

France has paid a high price for its "false exit" in 1960 when it gave the big
island independence without really letting go of the reins of power, First,

27



cso:

As you stand there
and smile with satisfac-
tion that they are now
talking like adults,
comes the clanger: “But

you know, that other?

group is irrelevant. They
do not know whether
they are coming or
going. Just the other day
they made this blinder.
Utterly irrelevant.”

And that smile of sat-

isfaction is wiped off.

one’s face.
~~ Ironically, this was’

one of the highlights of
my visit to the United
Nations. Just talking to
as many exiles and refu-
gees as possible. The

nostalgia and the long-

ing to come back home

was sometimes too

much to bear. .
The exiles just énjoy

3400/942

talking to somebody
from home, just to hear
pretty gossip. Standing
there you represent all
that is South Africa to
them,

Emotion

You are in fact more
than South Africa, but
Black. South Africa. It
was emotional.

But, you must watch
it. The exiles themselves
are in two camps, those
‘supporting the ANC and

86

those backing the PAC.
It is so natural — this
taking of sides. f

,, they get together. It is a:

right royal battle —.
some with doctorates,
from Europe’s leading
universities. Armed.
with these Phds, they,

- still find time to’ argue:

over what the PAC or
‘ANC stands for, and
which is the relevant or-
ganisation. :


President’s Council. He
said the “shaking-down
and learning process” of
the new constitutional
systems had taken place
very smoothly.

The three Chambers
were now united through
all being represented on
the standing committees.
Members of each of these
committees were begin-
ning to develop a com-

mon loyalty which he be- |

lieved would present
problems for ministers of
the portfolios concerned
as this common loyalty
within committees ‘in-
creased.

“The essence of the
standing committee is
that members should step
back from caucus lines. I.,
think we are feeling our
way towards that and as it
happens it will change '
politics in South. Africa.
‘The political party itself
will have a different role
to play.”

Mr Sutton said the
NRP believed in the cre-
ation of a House of Dep- ;
uties as a fourth chamber ;
for Black representatives. |

“We also pro, a;
federal council, a Senate. :
like Chamber, as a
guarantor of group rights.
‘This chamber should have
equal numbers drawn
from each of the four
Chambers with rights to
veto legislation which de-
tracts from group rights.
It would possibly take the
place of the President's |
Council.”

The NRP also believed
that in such a system the
Presidency should rotate
from House to House as
in the Swiss constitution.
“This would mean that
the military arm, police
force and so on can never
used by one group against
another.”

Election for the four

Houses should be within
the groups themselves.
Control of “own affairs”
should be guaranteed by
‘allocating to the Houses
specific taxation sources
as in West Germany. Mr
Sutton said that sheer
practical necessity would
force the present three-
Chamber system into a
single Parliament on
“general affairs” issues.

“Once you _ include
Blacks in decision-mak-
ing, you change all of }
politics in South Africa.
The debate is then no
longer about _ political
rights for Blacks, but who
gets what share of the
cake. In other words, you
then talk about the Bud-
get, about the distribution
of the proceeds of taxa-
tion.

“Deciding on the allo-
cation of funds is the fruit
of power. At that time

apartheid is thrown out of
the window.” :

Conservative
Party
‘Process
will be
fatal to
White
rule

The Conservative party
wants the present three-
chamber Parliament
changed to three parlia-
ments ruling over separ-
ate homelands.

Dr Andries Treurnicht,
leader of the CP, said his
party viewed the new con-
stitution of “the begin-
ning of a process which

81

will be fatal to White rule

on White affairs.”

The full effects of the
new system had yet to be
seen, but it reflected an
inability of the White man
to execute his own will
because he was blocked
by the two other Houses.

There were now two

people of colour in the
Cabinet, which would in-
evitably lead to pressure
for greater representa-
tion. ,

Dr Treurnicht _ said:
“Because in our view the
fesults would be so fatal
that they must be stopped
as_soon_as_ possible, we

“see our aim as becoming ‘
the future Government of ;
the. country. And in this ©

regard we do not believe
that ‘becoming the official
Opposition’ is necessarily
a station on the rdad.”

In participating: in the
mew system, the CP

iaimed at creating of each ;

of the three Houses a sep-
arate Parliament, with its

own Cabinet, governing it ;

own territory.

On the practicability of
such a policy, Dr Treur-
nicht said there had been
great success with Bophu-

thatswana, creating a na- |

tion with .its own citi-
zenship and independent
government, from a
group of loose tribes scat-

tered over seven separate °

pieces of territory. Such
as system worked.

He was also opposed to
moves that would merge
the three present Houses
into a single unit, even on
‘General Affairs’. Such a
step would mean an end
to separating “Own Af-
‘fairs’ from “General Af-
fairs.” “You land up in a
single state with all the
consequences of. majority
rule.”

Regarding the future of
Blacks, Dr Treurnicht
said the Government had



SHIFTA LEADER STAMBUL SURRENDERS

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 29 Mar 85 p 1

(Text]

cso:

3400/947

The personal assistant’

to the leader ‘‘of the
shifta movement
known as Northern
Frontier District
Liberation Front,’’
(NFDLF) based in
Mogadishu, Somalia,
surrendered to the
North-Eastern Provin-
cial Commissioner, Mr
Amos Bore yesterday.

Mr Omar Mohammed
Maalim Stambul, who is also+
the brother to Degoh Stambul.
the “leader”: walked in unan-
nounced into the PC’s office
and patiently waited in
the reception as Mr Bore
organised a reception com-
mittee.

He is expected to talk about his
experiences in the movement and
his activities at a press conference
to be organised by the North-
Eastern Provincial Information
Officer.

Mr Stambul, speaking in the
presence of the Deputy PC, Mr
Alex Njue, and other senior
security officers, said he escaped
from Somalia where he had since
1964 been an aide to Mr Degoh

Stambul, president of the libera- ,

tion front.

After careful consideration of |

reports from Kenya, he had

decided to give himself up to the
authorities in the hope that he
would be allowed to settle with
his family, which he left behind.
Mr Stambul told the PC that
he was making arrangements to
bring some members of his family
to Kenya from Somalia as he had
found his home area better than
he had left it over twenty years

ago.

Nir Stambul, ‘clad ina Yoose
cotton shirt and light trousers,
looked unruffled as he sipped a
soft drink while talking to the
Press, He answered question’ put
to him with ease and did not show
any signs of agitation. vealed

le in particular appealed to
his elder brother, the front leader,
to close down the rebel’s office
which was still being manned by
28 members and return home and
see how developed the land they
wanted to “liberate” was.

The former dissident was
advised to try and contact the
remaining people and encourage
them to come back. They would
be protected from harm by the ;
country’s constitution.

Over 350 members of the front
have come back to Kenya from
Somalia, among them 18 |
ministers and senior officers.
They include the 78-year-old
vice-president, Mr Wako Hapi
Taro, the finance minister, Mr-:
Sheikh Ali Abdillali, 47, the
army commander, Brig Ali Fahir
Ibrahim and Mr Sheikh Adam
Bulman, a political advisor.

"The surrender of Mr Stambut
brings to 19 the number of senior
officers who have quit the move- ,
ment. (KNA) ‘

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

KENYA



There are currently about 500 well-sweeps scattered among various communal
villages in Changara district, mainly in the low-lying areas where wells have
been dug for this purpose. They are the ones helping to fertilize the soil, to
make the sorghum, corn, onions, sweet potatoes,beans and green vegetables develop
and reproduce. -

The cooperative movement in Changara district was actually started in 1981, with
particular backing from what was then the CO-1 project, part of the rural develop-
ment program. This backup structure created an interest among the peasants of
the family sector, by demonstrating the autonomy and efficiency of the coopera-
tive movement, aimed at improving the living conditions of the respective

members. At first, it was the Unity, Maputo and Third Congress cooperatives
which received the technical support, with a socioeconomic survey conducted in
each cooperative;.and next it was the turn of the Wiriamu Mass@cre cooperative.

The Demise of Cooperatives

As of the 1983-84 agricultural campaign, Changara district had 22 cooperatives.
Owing to the drought, the others did not produce and were dissolved. There
remained only the Wiriamu Massacre, Eduardo Mondlane, Third Congress, May Day,
25 June, Rovuma, Unity, Cangololo, Chipembere, Fourth Congress, Chiocompende,
Khanimambo FRELIMO, Francisco Manyanga, Cangudze, Doce, Domera, Carata and
Biriri. These were the only ones producing despite the drought. It should be
noted that, in those cooperatives, irrigation with well-sweeps was introduced
in the same way, with the exception of the Wiriamu Massacre cooperative, which
had motor pumps.

The population of Changara, stricken by the drought over 4 years ago, a fact
which prevented the production of grain to feed them, is lending new dynamics
to the cooperative movement.

At present, the Nitimangau center is an enclave for cooperative development in
Changara district, and there are now 10 cooperatives and.an association of
agrarian cooperatives, with headquarters in the respective locality. The work
is being mobilized by the former CO-1 project.

Nhartanda Valley _

In the green zones of the city of Tete, primarily in Nhartanda Valley, the
former CO-1 project started working to back the sector for cooperative develop-
ment in February 1985. At the time, there was only one agricultural cooperative
in Degue, called 7 April.

As a result of several meetings to sensitize and mobilize the population residing
near the valley, new embryonic agricultural cooperatives started to be formed.

The work began with a survey of the family production and the socioeconomic.
potential of Nhartanda Valley. In view of the need for introducing the

51



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93



coming and saying why can’t we get more people from a
specific group to do national service, and so on and so
forth. We are in the process of introducing the extension to
the defence act which came into being in South Africa a
couple of years ago, whereby the so-called ‘Pops’ army
was established and to this there was a hue and cry from
certain elements. But our first voluntary registration for
this service in the areas of Outjo and Tsumeb gave usa
95% response. So! would Say that the population feel very
well disposed to National Service and service in the armed
forces.

Q. What are the criteria within the SWATF for Promotion?

A. We have slightly amended the criteria from those in South
Africa — for arguments sake — to become an officer in
the SADF it is necessary to have a matriculation cer-
tificate. We are putting more emphasis on our system for
selection than on their qualifications but our minimum is
Standard 8, so there is a Slight modification, but apart
from that the courses that they have to attend are exactly
the same as for the Army in South Africa.

Q. Colour does not enter it?
A. No, colour does not enter into it at all.

Q. Up until recently the recruiting was to some extent based
on the idea of voluntary service. Will this system be retain-
ed and incorporated in the structure?

A. Yes, definitely.

Q. As this is a new army that you are building, what are you
doing in respect of a command element?

A. The command element at the moment is our biggest pro-
blem for such a new army. We are trying our utmost to get
as many people from South West Africa to qualify for com-
mand and to enter into officer courses. We are building.our
leader element from the ground — we have lots of
volunteers from the former ex Citizen Force people who
want to become our officers in the SWATF. But it will take
time for a complete command structure to be established,
but we are working to this objective.

Q. In relation to the previous question, two other points arise:
firstly, how does this newly created army cope with the
training requirements?

A. Basic training for National Service and certain officer
training we are doing here. We have a military school
Okahamdja where we do advanced training; we have also

basic training elements in Otavi and we use some of the
SADF training facilities at Walvis Bay. And for more ad-
vanced courses we have an arrangement with the SADF to
send people on specific courses there. There are a number
of people on these courses and on technical courses with
them at present.

Q. Secondly, what are you doing in respect of equipment?

A. The equipment we use at the moment such as armoured
vehicles are from the SA Army and the SADF. We are at the
moment buying certain support equipment in South West
Africa itself. As for Arms, we are getting these arms from
South Africa.

Q. So the embargo is not hampering you in any way?

72


BANDA APPLAUDS ARMY ON COMMUNITY COOPERATION

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 25 Mar 85 p 1

[Text]

THE CO-OPERA-
TION existing be-
tween the Malawi
Army, Police Force
and civil servants on
one hand and the
general public on the
other since indepen-
dence, has ,ensured
continued peace and
calm, law and order

and has ushered in a.

measure of prosper-
ity in the country, His
Excellency the Life
President, Com-
mander-in-Chief of
the Armed Forces,
has said.

The Ngwazi was speak-
ing on Saturday at Zomba
Catholic Secondary. School
ground after he commis-
sioned 17 Army officer
cadets who had completed
their 10-month training at
the Kamuzu Military Col-
lege in Salima. Six of these
were students from the
Kenya Army.

The Life President
stated that whatever might
be the case in other African
countries, here the Army
was not a separate entity
from the community; and
so too the Police Force and
the civil service.

He recalled that during
the colonial era the Army,

33

Police and civil servants
were keeping the people
down by ill-treating them.
Asa result there was no co-
operation between the two
groups and consequently
no peace and calm and law
and order in the country,
the Ngwazi said.

It was understandable -

that such a_ situation
existed in the colonial era
because the administrat-
ors, right from the Gov-
ernor to provincial com-
missioners and district
commissioners, were white
people who behaved ruth-
lessly towards Africans,
the Malawi leader pointed
out. :
In an attempt to please
the white district commis-
sioners, chiefs also treated
people ruthlessly, the Ng-

wazi said.

“J had to put an end to
that,” the’ Life President
declared, adding: “I told
them that: previously you
were under the whites and
those days were over.

“Now that I am in
charge I want people to see
the difference between a
foreign government and
their own,” the Ngwazi
stated.

The Life President
pointed out that he had
told the Army, Police and
civil servants in plain lan-
guage that here they could
not be a separate com-

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MALAWI



Since the adoption of this measure, the results have been encouraging. In
addition to private farms, there are now 30 production. cooperatives in opera-
tion, 10 of which are considered pilots. . Both the private sector and the
cooperative one are ensuring supplies to social institutions (boarding schools,
hospitals, hotels and restaurants), with the rest of the production remaining
for sale on the local market.

Our reporter, who visited a farm of a private citizen and a cooperative located
4 and 8 kilometers from the city, respectively, was ‘able to witness the purchase
of various products by several enterprises.

Government Backing for Production

In view of the important role that the production from these sectors plays in
the area of combating famine, the city government agencies have been backing
those sectors in various ways, prominent among which is the supply of seed,
as well as the construction.of dams for irrigation and protection of the
farms, in addition to the availability of motor pumps for irrigation.

Moreover, we must cite the matter of livestock raising, which has been given
special attention by the executive council. We might mention as an example
the private farmer, Antonio Rodrigues Oliveira, whose farm is located in the
vicinity of the psychiatric hospital. He has a project (already under way)
for raising livestock: beef cattle, hogs, goats and ducks. According to the
director of the Green Zones Office, Pinto Luciano, contacts are already in
progress between that agency and the livestock one to supply specimens of the
animals that the farmers need.

Production From Green Zones Being Marketed

As a result of the efforts that are being expended, aimed particularly at
increasing production, and hence reducing the problems of famine, we were
told by the chairman of the executive council: "The surplus production from
the city is being placed on the agricultural market. Last year, a total of
302 tons of various products were sold."

That official announced that, for this year, it was decided to expand the
cultivation areas, both for the family and the cooperative sectors. For this
purpose, a mobilization effort is being made among the Population so that this
goal may be attained.

2909 :
cso: 3442/230 i

45



JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

GROWTH OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN TETE
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 11 Mar 85 p 9

[Text] The cooperative movement in the agricultural area, has undergone definite
growth in Tete during the past few years. The culmination was attained between
1979 and 1980, particularly in the districts of Angonia,. Maravia, Mutarara,
Moatize and Macanga, and declined later. Starting in 1981, an intense effort
was started by members and militants of the party to make the population
realize the need for creating communal villages and, with them, agricultural
cooperatives. Some of the mobilizersnow admit that they were mistaken in making
promises about an imaginary world that never came into existence. Because of
those promises, several villages reached an embryonic phase, but soon
disappeared, as did the respective agricultural cooperatives.

In other words, the peasants had been given the erroneous idea that the govern-
ment had to take care of the cooperatives. So they came to view the coopera-—
tives more as state property than their own, per se.

The mistake was discovered. Starting in 1982, the party and state agencies
began an offensive to sensitize the population and correct the wrong. Once
again, the family sector was apprised of the need for collectivized production,
but were told that its members would have to rely on their own forces, in
particular. Starting then, the genuine agricultural cooperatives were created,
with emphasis on the district of Angonia, in view of its excellent weather
conditions.

Changara: Enclave of Cooperative Development

Located south of the provincial capital, just 90 kilometers. distant, Changara
has had five consecutive years of drought in recent times. The local peasants
are always striving to find the means that will enable them to fight more
effectively against that :inclemency of nature. They adopted new production
techniques, and the use of the well-sweep irrigation system has become famous.

The technology was not imported: The peasant himself sensed the need to fight
that natural obstacle (drought) so that famine would cease to torture him.
The experiment using well-sweeps started in one locality and later spread to

all the others.

50


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MARKETING FIGURES FOR INHAMBANE REPORTED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 18 Mar 85 p 2

[Text] Last year, Inhambane Province marketed over 8,500 tons of various farm
products, with a total value of 1.43 million contos. This index is considered
the best in the agrarian marketing area for the past 2 years.

The marketed products during 1984 correspond to 67 percent of the goal planned
in the province. Prominent among the products purchased from the peasants

in the agricultural marketing campaign process were corn, cotton, seasoning
oil, copra, cashew nuts, cassava and green vegetables.

"During 1984, agricultural production met with satisfactory results in compari-
son with the previous year," notes a report submitted at recent sessions of
the Inhambane government and provincial assembly, which discussed the level
of fulfillment of the central state plan and the territorial program last year.

The document also observes that, nevertheless, there were problems of damage
to machinery and lack of fuel, as well as scarcity of rainfall, particularly
in the northern part of the province, where the lack thereof has been felt
nearly all year long.

Agricultural-Livestock Production

As the document in question stressed, throughout last year 11 seed multiplica-
tion centers were created, the most significant being those in Mubalo, in

Homoine district; Mapinhane, in Mabote district; Vilanculos, in Massinga
district; Nhaccongo, in Inherrime district; and Malaia, in Morrumbene district.
At these centers the multiplication of seed for corn, peanuts, cassava, nhemba
beans and squash is carried out, in addition to the production of green vegetables
and fruit.

With regard to the development of small projects, the recovery of irrigation
began in the valleys of Mutamba, Mubalo, Julius Nyerere Communal Village and
Mahangue, in the districts of Jangamo, Homoine, Panda and Morrumbene, respec-
tively. For this year, it is planned to introduce different irrigation systems,
such as aero-pumps and well-sweeps.

46


NEW FISHING VESSEL DESIGNED IN LA DIGUE

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

Victoria SEYCHELLES NATION in English 28 Mar 85 pp 1, 10

[Text]

The first of these large two-
masted fishing schooners to be
built by the La Digue-based
Boatbuilders Ltd, a 21.5-
metre vessel made of wood, has
been completed and remains to
be fitted with engines and
generators before launching in
about three months’ time. A
second boat is half-finished and
the keel fora third is being laid.

It is the facilities for comfort
and safety on board that are
exciting the interest of Seychel-
lois fishermen, in particular
current and aspiring ' young
sailors, the most. Stretching
over 20 metres, the schooners
will be tar more spacious than
the 10-metre single-mast boats
used today. The current vessels
are sometimes crammed with
up to 10 men for trips to the
far-away fishing banks.

The new boats will have
modern kitchens using gas
cookers and where food can be
cooked in all types of weather

The sleeping quarters in the
bow will be away from the scc-
tions where fish will be stored

and will be fitted with sculp-
tured bunks, each with an over-

head lamp. Each bunk will have
its own locked cupboard.

Proper toilct and shower
facilities will also be available
and the vessels will even be fit-

ted with sick bays.

75

Recreational facilities to al-
low reading and other activities
have also been thought of.

Communications with the
shore or other ships will be
through modern radios and the
boats will also be fitted with
sophisticated navigational aids
such as radars.
iermen who have been
looking forward to the day
when Scychellois vessels are fit-
ted with modern technology for
catching fish will be happy to
learn that the schooners being.
built at La Digue will also have
echo sounders and fish finders.
The schooners will carry sails as
a safety measure and to save
fucl when the wind is up.

These fishing vessels will also
be the first to be built in Sey-
chelles complete with
generators for making ice on
board to kecp the fish fresh.
Each of the boats will be able to
carry 25 tonnes of fish.

To make fishing casier and
more productive, each
schooner will carry two long-
boats which will enable
fishermen to move away from
the mothership to nearby fish-
ing grounds.

Commenting on this new
gencration of fishing vessels,
the Gencral -Manager of
Boatbuilders Ltd, Mr.Gregoire
Payet, said this week that these

SEYCHELLES



JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

and Pan Africanist Con-°
gres (PAC).

‘While the one will:
claim it has nothing to:
do with the other and is
only fighting Pretoria,
but beneath this show of
uncorcerneéd lies the
most intense of rivalries.
So intense that even
some of the African
states feel embarrassed
byit.

After the session last

Against

olution had to be adopted,
While speakers had all
been united in their con-
demnation of apart-

the two organisations
were in a congress. They
were debating the full:
stops, commas and:
words to be. used in the:
resolution condemning:
apartheid and calling on
the world to take action.

Rivalry

One UN official suc-
cinctly put it: “Man!:
These people of the,
ANC and PAC are argu-

; ing about where to put
: full stops and commas.

And this is a continuing

; battle.”

The United Nations,
the rest of the interna-.
tional community and

world forums are hunt-

85

ing these two organisa-
tions is an illustration of
the intense rivalry be-
tween the United States
and the Soviet Union.
They vie for the sup-
port of just about every
pressure group, and

some of these pressure:

* groups have thrown in

their lot with one or the
other. It is a mammoth.
battle fought every
other day.

But being a South Af-
rican and conscious of.
the fact that these orga-
nisations represent me
and millions of other
blacks — I found the ri-
valry most interesting, if
notamite tragic. ..;

SOUTH AFRICA
RIVALRY BETWEEN ANC, PC EXPLORED
Johannesburg THE. SOWETAN in English 1 Apr 85 p 8
{article by Thami Mazwai]
United Democratic |
Front and Azanian |
Peoples Organisation: '
aie are probably. " ‘heid, the differences oc-' |
of: a mountain! cured when the resolu-’
outofamolehill. tion had to be adopted. .
This rivalry is a Sun- >
day school: picnic com- - Behind closed doors in —
g ground for the orga-
pared to the one be-| __ ast tater learnt —of- nisations. There is a lot ,, P&®,, Saving _ grace
tween the African .Na-! ¢ ‘ about this rivalry is that ;
tional Con; (ANC ficials of the committee of wheeling and dealing, tres. of politicking '
gress (ANC). pius representatives of and the intrigue involv- years Of Po i

the organisations have:
at last made one major!

* gain — they can now ig-

nore each other. Their:
tivalry is not confronta-°
tionist. They pretend:
that the other does not !
exist but underneath’
they work.day and night -
to maintain an edge over;
the other. j
Unusual
It is not unusual wo!
find one of their officials
say: “Look, we are con-
cerned with Pretoria and |
bringing freedom to our ‘
people back at home.
‘We do not have'time to |
fight our own brothers |
and sisters. The

- sor would benefit.” i



JPRS-SSA-85-036

30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BULGARIA’ DONATES SOAP; CLOTHING . TO. COOPERATIVES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 15 Mar 85 p 8

[Text] Yesterday morning, the ambassador of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
to our country, Andrey Takanhatzov, turned over large amounts of clothing;
shoes and soap to be sent to the population in the provinces of southern
Mozambique, at a people's meeting held in the Georgi Dimitov District of Maputo.

In attendance at the ceremony to present the items was the chairman of the
executive council of the city of Maputo, Alberto Massavanhane, as well as
the OMM [Organization of Mozambique Women] secretary in the city, Cristina
Tembe, heads of the No 5 Urban District political agencies, representatives
from the home trade office and officials from the Bulgarian Embassy in our
country.

On this occasion, the ambassador underscored the cooperative relations that
exist between our two countries, in this connection recalling ‘the visit that
President Samora Machel had paid to Bulgaria in 1980, and claiming that it
"solidified the relations between our two peoples and states."

Moreover, Andrey Takanhatzov congratulated the leadership of the FRELIMO Party
for having given the name of the first president of the People's Republic of
Bulgaria, Georgi Dimitov, to a district in the capital; noting that the latter
had been an untiring fighter for the ideals of the socialist revolution.

Andrey Takanhatzov told the population of Georgi Dimitrov District: "For this
reason, you must also participate actively in the battle against famine, by
increasing production."

The chairman of the executive council of the city of Maputo, in turn, expressed
gratitude for the gesture of solidarity from the Bulgatian people to the
Mozambican people, declaring that this solidarity dates back to the time of our
armed struggle for national liberation.

Alberto Massavanhane also reminded the population of the cooperation that

exists between the cities of Maputo and Sofia, in the context of a friendship
agreement signed between the two capitals in 1982.

40


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

TRAINING PROGRAMS TO HELP AFRICAN FARMERS STEPPED UP
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 24 Mar 85 p 5
[Text]

People will be trained this this technology not . International Maize
is training -year. - reached BY, toons Wheat Tnaprovement
farmers because Centre. .

director of the training Mr Rukuni, who Is a because it Is no use ex- ‘paid close to $100 000 each;
gramme tural at the tinent bach peat He c08-|

tinent year. .
Land will not adopt “It ig our mandate to

cso: 3400/944

110


GHANA

KENYA

JPRS- SSA- 85-036

30 April 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

Economic, Technical Agreement Signed With Italy
(Tetteh Quaynor; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 27 Mar 85)........

Brazil To Aid Four Agricultural Projects
(Adwaa Van-Ess; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 29 Mar 85).......2.

Irrigation Equipment From Bulgaria in Route
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 21 Mar 85)....seeeeeesseceees eeeee

Political Exiles Request Review of Cases
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 20 Mar 85)...eeeeeeeeccccerececeee

Frimpong Warns Army on Abuses, Discipline
(Janet Carboo;  GHANAIAN TIMES, 27 Mar 85)...ceeeceseeeveee

Changes Made in Cocoa Board To Ensure High Yield
(GHANAIAN TIMES, 19 Mar 85)...seeeececcceceeresceceececeees

Briefs
Cocobod To Stress Coffee
CDR Reorganization Progressing

Koigi's Continued Party Membership Questioned
(THE EXPRESS, Vol 2, No 1, no date)....ccccccceceeeececene

Shifta Leader Stambul Surrenders
(DAILY NATION, 29 Mar 85)..ccceeseessccccccececseccsscceers

Briefs
Aringo Denies Luos Bribable
Tea Growers Exceed Estimates
First Ambassador to Ireland Announced

10
10


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

TANZANIA

MAIZE SEED IMPORTED FROM ZIMBABWE
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 16 Mar 85 p 5

(Text] The first consignment of 90 tonnes of hybrid maize seed from
Zimbabwe has arrived’ in Arusha by road and another 60 tonnes are on the
way, Shihata reported.

An official of the Arusha~based Tanzania Seed Company (TANSEED) said yester-
day that a total of 600 tonnes of maize seed, worth 10.5/~ in foreign ex-
change were being imported from Zimbabwe to supplement locally grown hybrid
seed,

He said the 600 tonnes which were already in Mbeya were being hauled by
lorries to Arusha for distribution to the main maize growing areas in Arusha
and Kilimanjaro regions. The whole lot is expected in by the end of this
month, he said.

The official also told Shihata that TANSEED was now processing the importa-
tion of 650 tonnes of maize seed from Kenya at a cost of 9m/-.

He said the Kenya Seed Company had lifted a ban to export seed imposed last
year as a result of drought. Four hundred tonnes are of variety 632 and the
rmaining 250 tonnes are of variety 622.

With the importation of seed from both Zimbabwe and Kenya, there would be
enough seed for the farmers in the northern zone and some would be stocked
for next year, the official said.

TANSEED distributes the seed through its stockists, the Tanganyika Farmers"
Association and the regional and district agricultural offices. The
Kilimanjaro Native Co-operative Union also acts as an agent in Kilimanjaro
Region,

Meanwhile, it has been learned that investigations have started on complaints
by farmers in Hanang and Mbulu districts that maize seed sold by TANSEED was
not good because of poor germination.

Karly this month, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) in Arusha Region called on TANSEED
to look into complaints. The Regional Party Executive Committee had directed
VANSEED to reimburse the peasants. The committee also advised the peasants to
use their own seed instead of waiting for supplies from TANSEED.

CSO: 3400/946
103



Pingaca Catruza, "I only managed to take a few of our children. The others
went later on."

In fact, at this pace some progressed farther, ending up by settling in a
neighborhood next to the district headquarters, in Anguleti, while still others
went even farther into the interior, as far as Pinda. The village of Dénguma
already has an agricultural production cooperative "in which. the peasants'
participation is voluntary." Whether.or not they participate, the peasants
have 2 hectares available for themselves, on which they produce for self-
sufficiency.

With three schools built by the residents, this village plans to expand educa-
tion up to the fourth grade this year.

These’ centers of communal life are an example of many others created at the
end of 1983 and the beginning of 1984, covering five of the 13 localities in
the district of Morrumbala, according to the acting administrator, Mario
Angureti. The nearly 23,000 peasants rehabilitated in them represent, still
according to him, 60 percent of the population rescued’ from the armed bandits'
zone of influence..

Data obtained at the district headquarters indicate that the banditry began
appearing in this district during August 1982, with indications that it was
the work of groups of defectors from Sofala, where consistent military action
was taking place at the time to destroy bases and persecute the survivors.

It was in Morrumbala that the development may have begun, eventually leading
to the spread of such action to other parts of the province. The information
about the frequency and type of crimes committed throughout that year and in
part of the next, still very vividly remembered in the conversations with
people from’ Morrumbala, prompted us to conclude that, at present, nothing in
their lives could remind them of that period of insecurity and terror that was
experienced previously, even in the district headquarters.

In the interview that we held with the district leaders, we learned, for
example, that, before the great offensive of the Popular Forces started, at
the end of 1983, "In the district headquarters. no.one slept at night. The
shops were always closed and weeds were growing everywhere." Commenting on
the manner in which we traveled to visit the villages to which we went, it
was described as "simply unthinkable: the 'madjuba’ patrols used ‘to make their
rounds as close as 500 meters from the district headquarters, causing shooting
in broad daylight."

The most definite change in the district's military situation, according to
sources close to the military command, started in August 1983.. "It was a
joint effort, involving several commanders in the province," specifically,
those in Mauquia, Lugela, Maganja da Costa and Morrumbala. Owing to its

63



But several problems, caused particularly by the drought and the rainfall,
jeopardized the existence of some cotton growers, because instead of profits
the peasants were reaping damage.

Then a study was made of the possibility of transferring the production units
to other sections of Tete, and Chiuta appeared to be the district offering the
best conditions.

At that time, Mutarara was considered to have the major "flaw of suffering the
effects of the disasters: when it was not the rain, it was the drought." The
Chiuta agricultural fronts were opened up.

Only the infrastructure and the two ginning factories remained in Mutarara.
Even the number of family producers declined. And the growing areas were
neglected and subjected to the flooding from the Dzue-Dzue, a branch of the
Zambeze River, which crosses that area. The large prairies, previously white
during the harvest season, showed only an appearance of abandonment.

During the current campaign (consider the irony of the figures), it was planned
to cultivate 50 hectares for the private sector and 15 for the cooperative
sector; of course, in addition to the small family farms.

We should not forget that cotton is a strategic export product; and the country
has a difficult economic situation.

And yet we continue to make ludicrous plans.

But the district agricultural agencies see the danger that this could mean for
the economy (not so much that of the country, but that of the town and district
itself); and they have begun campaigns to prompt the peasants to open up farms.
This year, the priority will be food production and drought-resistant crops.

Little is expected for this agricultural campaign, but something has already

been accomplished and perhaps Mutarara will, in the near future, again come
to be the land of "white gold."

2909
CSO: 3442/227

49



JPRS-SSA~85-036
30 April 1985

SWAZILAND

FOREIGN MINISTER MNISI INTERVIEWED IN UK
MB041308 Mbabane Domestic Service in English 0512 GMT 4 Apr 85

[Text] Swaziland's foreign minister, the Honorable Mhambi Mnisi, is. visiting
in Britain as a guest of that country's government. He has met ministers,:in--
cluding Foreign Secretary Sir Geoffrey Howe, and has also visited a‘farm and
met industrialists. Towards the end of what is generally acknowledged to have
been a very successful visit, James Locke asked him what message’ he’ had brought
for-the foreign secretary.

[Begin recording] [Mnisi] Well, we were really interested to reassure Great
Britain that the friendship which existed during the time of the late King *
Sobhuze II definitely would continue between Great Britain and Swaziland; and
we also wanted to assure Great Britain that whatever takes place in Southeastern
Africa, as we are part and parcel of that area, definitely, we are trying our
best to make that part of the world as peaceful as possible because a’ number of’
things are taking place in that part of the region and:everybody is worried
what is going on, well, about the relationship between the various countries

in that part of the world. So we wanted to assure Great Britain:that' Swazi>° °
land was still following a policy of good neighborliness with our friends, et
trying whatever we can in order to help them-out through all the difftoulties
which we are experiencing in that part of the region. 5

[Locke] With that background, how would you in fact characterize the relation="
ship between Swaziland and Britain at the moment? .

[Mnisi] Well, the relationship between Swaziland and Great Britain is:really
very, very good indeed, and Great Britain is also trying her best to see*to‘it
that Swaziland should play a major role towards the stability of that’ area.
And we are really grateful to Great Britain for her help on that score, and
we can assure Great Britain that definitely, Swaziland will try her best to#
improve the general situation and conditions of that part of the region.

[Locke] I believe you met Britain's overseas development minister, Timothy
(Rayson). When you met him were you able to discuss the progress of the Big
Bend Bridge building projéct which Britain is helping with?

{Mnisi] Yest, he was really sympathetic with our problems which we had con-
cerning Cyclone Domoina, and again we were really impressed because when Cyclone

98


The capital, which has about 800,000 inhabitants, has doubled in size in 10
years, Its "floating" population —~'peasants who come and go as the opportunity
arises — is estimated at nearly 200,000 individuals, Some even assert that,

+o put the regime to shame and expose the failure of its policy, some opponents
are promoting vice to the point of luring the "low castes" from the rural areas
to the big city, .

It is true that shortages are less acute than in 19815 at that time the basic
necessity products: rice, oil, soap, light bulbs, etc,, had disappeared from
the market stands, Today the stands are better stocked, but current merchan-
dise is prohibitively priced for many pocketbooks, An unskilled worker or
low-level white-collar worker earns on the average 20,000 Malagasy francs a
month (about 270 French francs), barely over the guaranteed minimum wage, Or
the price of a bottle of whisky or three medical prescriptions!

A “Horse Cure"

In the rural areas, isolated by a lack of roads fit for use by wagons, the
situation is scarcely any more brilliant, Since there is no way of getting to
the towns to sell their products and thefts of crops in the fields have become
common, peasants have become resigned to living in strictly self-sufficient
families, cultivating only the land they can be sure of keeping watch over,

In this economic context people scarcely trouble themselves with scruples,
Everyone steals from everyone else and everyone mistrusts everyone else, It
has become a commonplace to emphasize the deterioration of morals, the rise in
banditry and the increase in corruption, On entering certain hospitals, one
has to pay a "toll" to have access to free care, There is no profit that is
too small, even if it is made at the expense of the poorest of the poor! All
these acts are ascribable to what some call “operation survival,"

World Bank experts make no secret of the fact: "The vigorous recovery efforts
conducted by the government,,, represent socially intolerable consequences, "
they note in a recent report, In their eyes the purpose of the maneuver is
ttto as soon as possible return to a course of sustained economic growth likely
to ultimately improve the standard of living of the population,"

While the experts read signs of encouragement for the future in the indices,
the man in the street notes that he does not have much of anything to stir in
his soup pot, How long will this go on? Mr Didier Ratsiraka, the chief of
state, has knowingly and courageously assumed a major political risk in con-
senting to administer his country a "horse cure," But is not the severity of
the treatment on a par with the mistakes that have been made?

Even Mr Rakotonixina Manandafy, the chiarman of the MIM [uilitents for the
Establishment of a Proletarian Regime] party —- for putting the lowly in
power — which at one time represented the leading, indeed leftist, wing of
the revolution, today admits "that there is no other alternative but to stick
to the language of truth with the people," And he addss "Without economic
efficacy we cannot guarantee our independence,"

23



except for the fact that none of them puts its finger on the theme of the pre~
sident's message, namely the necessary transformation of attitudes,

While he is getting ready to celebrate the 10th anniversary of his accession
to power next June, Mr Ratsiraka with bitterness avers that the Malagasy have
not been up to the hopes he had set on them, that it is a long way from the
revolutionary dream to reality, He would have wanted his fellow citizens to
be virtuous and disciplined, "like the North Koreans," This admirer of
Napoleon. and De Gaulle is not far from thinking that they are, on the contrary,
behaving like "calves," He has even gone so far as to admit in private: "I'm
ashamed for my people...."

The authors of the 1972 revolution, which overthrew the "neocolonial" regime of
Mr Philibert Tsiranana, had a bit naively believed that by exchanging men and
structures the situation would automatically improve,

"at thet time we absolutely had to find a political theme round which to rally
nationally; union was achieved by rallying round the slogan of the class
struggle," explained Mr Rakotovao Razakaboana, a member of the Supreme Council
of the Revolution (CSR), who has today reached the conclusion that "there is
no place for Marxism in a profoundly deistic country,"

Many recognize the facts Since the 1972 revolution which freed them from their
inhibitions and awakened in them a real independence of spirit, the people of
Madagascar have been difficult to govern, They had gotten it into their heads
that, henceforth masters of their destiny, any and all means to attain their
goals were good, No sufficiently solid structure had been built on the ruins
of the former regime that might have checked this relaxation of morals, There
had been a mistake at the start,

The Lesson of 4 December

On that fine morning Admiral Ratsiraka tried to correct the course, Hence that
almost pathetic appeal to a return to traditional values through the lessons of
a few masters at thinking: Descartes for whom "virtue implies perfect control
over one's passions," Pythagoras for whom the law of the universe is equilib—
rium and order, not voluptuousness, passion and disorder," Many Malagasy inter~
preted this speech as that of a leader who has failed in his undertaking and

is appealing for help,

"Ratsiraka does not know how to handle the Malagasy," a resident of Tananarive
commented, "It's -a pity because what he's saying to them is worth being said,"
He is criticized for being "ill at ease," He is a Cotier who grew up in the
capital, on the high plateaus, a Malagasy whose graduate studies kept him in
France for a long time, a confirmed socialist who was raised by the good Jesuit
fathers, Also against him is the fact that he is only 48 years old and is
surrounded by collaborators of his generation, Now people here only have re~
spect for the old, the wise, The chief of state has not succeeded in being
pardoned for his youth,...

19



Meanwhile, the General Manager said senior officials of the company would
visit the Gulf states shortly to assess the possibility of using the firm's
vessels to carry cargo from the area to Zanzibar.

This is in response to a call last December by Vice-President Ali Hassan Mwinyi
who suggested that the firm's vessels should be used to haul Tanzania—bound
cargo from the Gulf States,

He said although such plans were already underway, implementation was delayed
because his Chinese counterpart, Ndugu Fang Qiang Gong, had fallen sick.

Ndugu Mwinyi said last year that although many Zamzibaris wanted to buy var~
ious goods from the Gulf states, they were unable to do so because of trans-
port snags.

He said those who managed to air freight them paid very high tariffs.

SINOTASHIP's four vessels do not call at the Gulf ports.

CSO: 3400/946

102


SADCC ENERGY PROJECTS: SEEKING FUNDING

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 27 Mar 85 p 1

[Article’ by Eston Thyoka-Phiri]

ext] : .
THE SOUTHERN
Africa, Development

Co-ordination © Con-’-

ference (SADCC) is
seeking nearly K100
million to enable Ca-
hora Bassa electricity
to be transmitted
across. ‘Malawi : to
Mozambique’s north-
eastern province, it
was learnt this week.

The project would also
enable Malawi .to tap
power from the proposed
220 kilovolt transmission
lines.

The giant Cahora Bassa
hydro-electric project near
Tete is Mozambique’s big-
gest power producer.
Transmission lines
through Malawi territory
would be the most econ-
omical way of providing
electricity to the north-
eastern areas of Mozambi-
que, an SADCC official
told the ‘Daily Times’. -

The project, which
would get ynderway as
soon as funds had been

CSO: 3400/956

found for it, was one of
eight presented by Malawi
at last month’s SADCC
ministerial meeting [in
Swaziland on regional ¢n-
ergy requirements, he
said,

Malawi’s other projects,
which were also approved
and for which SADCC will
seek finance, are:

@ A five-year forestry
programme, costing nearly
K10 million, to -alleviate
fuel problems in the City
of Blantyre.

,About 10,000 hectares

* “of fuelwood will be planted

in the Ndirande forest
area, on the Chikwawa es-
carpment, on Chingale
Hills, in Mpemba,
Mwanza, Mchini, Namisu
and on the slopes of Mu-
lanje Mountain.

@ A hydrocarbon explo-
ration project along the
Malawi, Rift Valley (Lake
Malawi through to ‘ the
Lower Shire Valley). This
isa K2.5 million project.

e Intensified coal explo-
ration and evaluation
work, including pilot exca-

31

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MALAWL

vation works near Liv-
ingstonia in the Northern
Region. This will cost
nearly K4 million.

@ The establishment of a
coal analysis laboratory,
costing K500,000, for the
Department of Geological
Surveys at Zomba. .

@ The establishment of a
small hydroelectric power
station at Karonga to re-
place the diesel generators
serving the townships.

Under this project, cost-
ing nearly K3 million, two
hydroelectric stations will
be constructed at the con-
fluence of the North Ru-
kuru River and the Sere
River in Karonga district.

e The exportation of
electricity from Malawi to
Mozambique under a K2.5
million project to connect
Mangochi to Mandimba on
the eastern side of Mozam-
bique, Mwanza to Zobue
on the western side of Mo-
zambique and Ntcheu-
Dedza to Villa Ulongwe in
Mozambique.



JPRS-SSA~-85-036
30 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

PLO ENVOY MESSAGE TO MUGABE--A special envoy of the Palestine Liberation Or-
ganisation, Cde Samir Baker, has met the Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, and
praised Zimbabwe's role in support of the struggle of the Palestinian people.
"I came to deliver a special message to Cde Mugabe from the PLO chairman,
Yasser Arafat, in recognition of the role Zimbabwe is playing within the
Non-Aligned Movement in support of the Palestinian struggle," he told The
Herald, The PLO needed the support of "all the Arab countries and our brothers
in the Non-Aligned Movement to force the United States government to accept
the PLO as the sole representative of the Palestinian people, with the right

to self-determination and to establish an indepéndent state on Palestinian
soil". Cde Baker, who left Harare for Lagos on Sunday, said the PLO-Jordanian
agreement was not an attempt to find a separate solution to the Middle East
problems, but was a step towards creating an Arab counter-weight to the policies
of the US government in the region. [Excerpt] [Harare THE HERALD in English
26 Mar 85 p 5]

TRANIAN ASBESTOS PURCHASES-~Iranian imports of Zimbabwean steel and tobacco
totalled $16 million last year and the country is now working on securing an
order for $20 million worth of Zimbabwean asbestos. The country's Charge
d'Affaires here, Mr Mustafa Aghaie, told newsmen yesterday that Iran was
ready to buy all sheep hides that Zimbabwe could export. Purchase of Zimba-
bwean cigarettes was also under consideration, he said adding that the quan-
tity of steel and tobacco bought from Zimbabwe would be increased “very much"
this year. He expressed optimism that the existing trade volume would be
further boosted by the signing of an envisaged economic, cultural and scien-
tific cooperation agreement. Plans were already afoot and provision had been
made for a Zimbabwean trade delegation to visit Iran soon. [Text] [Harare
THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 24 Mar 8&5 p 2]

cso: 3400/944 END

112


Food Producers Deserve More Backing

Because the cooperative (production). sector plays a role of key importance
to the population's supplies, the government of the city of Nampula, through
its Green Zones Office, has devoted particular attention to the sector,
providing seed and fertilizer, ahd giving priority to the supply of fuel
for the machines assigned to the cooperatives as.well as allocating basic
agricultural technicians for back the production.

The construction of reservoirs and dams for irrigation is another activity
that is being backed by the Executive Council.

An Example of a Growing Cooperative

One example of a constantly growing cooperative is what we might call the 7
April Production Cooperative, located 8 kilometers from the provincial capital.

When it was founded in 1981, it’ consisted of seven persons. At present, it
has a total of 58 members.

Information provided to our reporter by the head of that collective production
unit illustrates ‘the progress, not only in terms of more members, but also the
physical growth of the cooperative itself.

In 1981, that group “produced a hectare and a half of green vegetables; and,
the following year it produced corn over an area of 6 hectares, rice on 4
hectares and green vegetables on 2 hectares.

The next year,.the area for growing corn increased to 10 hectares, with 12
for rice and over 4 for. green vegetables. For the current agricultural
campaign, work is being done on an area of 21 hectares for corn(part of it
is already seeded), and 12 for rice; while at the same time another area is
being prepared for other crops.

The head of the cooperative, Fausto Nimia, told us: "With regard to supplies
of seed, fertilizer and other production factors, we have backing from the
Green Zones Office. _MECANAGRO is also supporting us with machinery for
preparing the soil." ~ :

The 7 April Cooperative is one of the production units whose members have a
guaranteed wage at’ the end of each.month. “Every member receives 600.00
meticals. At. first, we were receiving 100.00 meticals, but with the growth
of our cooperative, the wage increased," as the head of ‘the cooperative's
finances, Favorite Lavique, reported. .

The head of the cooperative noted that the’ unit has a guaranteed quota of
products of prime necessity, which prevents the cooperative members from.
leaving productive ‘work when the products appear in the stores. As the green
zones director Pinto Luciano, disclosed, all the collective production units in
the city of Nampula recédve this backing.’ This enables the population affiliat-
ed with cooperatives to devote all its time to production.

2909

cso: 3442/230

55



DUTCH OFFER OF TOP EXPERTISE

JPRS-SSA~85-036
30 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Mar 85."Business Herald Supplement p 3

* [Text]

cso:

3400/951

ZIMBABWEAN com-
panies have been invited
to make use of a Dutch
service aimed’ at making
experienced managerial
skills available to them
for a minimum outlay.

Mr Bob Hameleers, one
of the more than 400
managers from 51 dif-
ferent sectors available
for service in developing
countries, this week ex-
plainea that the Nether-

idg management con-
suitancy programme for
developing countries
(NMCP) was similar to,
but not in competition
with, personnel de-
velopment
offered  b: other
dustrialised countries.

Established in the late
19703 by the Dutch
Ministry of Foreign Af-
fairs Development Aid
and two central em-
ployers’ federations
‘NMCP recruits retired
captains of industry,
leading technical experts
and top managers who
are keen to spend any-
thing between two and
six months advising com-

in developing
countries on how to solve
specific managerial and
technical problems.

NMCP pays for air
travel, insurance, clothing

in-

programmes +

109

and “pocket money” al-
Jowances for both the ex-
ecutive and his wife,
while the company which
has asked for the ex-
ecutive’s help bears the
Jocal costs of board and
lodging, transport and of-
fice facilities. 4

‘AS a result, the de-'

veloping com- °
pany need spend no
valuable foreign ex.

change; and if a company
is really not able to meet
local costs, the Dutch
government will, in cer-
tain circumstances, pick :
up the bill. |

Mr -Hameleers said:
preference wag given to
requests from small to
medium sized companies
which were unable to ‘ob-
tain professional advice
on a commercial basis,
and the consultants could
give advice on all aspects
of general management, ;
finance and banking, pro-
duction accounting and
auditing, technical and
Maintenance matters in
all sectors of trade, in-

Companies wishing to
make use of the service
should contact the Dutch
Embassy in Harare or
NMCP direct c/o NCW,
P.O, Box 84100, The
Hague, Netherlands,



CSO:

3400/961

A. It is not hampering me any more than it ‘is South Africa
because at the moment we are being assisted and sup-
plied as an integral part of the South African forces.

Q. How would you describe the philosophy of the SWATF?

A. This question would require a long answer, but | think we
can summarize by saying It is a force, it is a people's army,
for the people and for the safeguard of the government of
the day.

Q. Have you had time to analyse the results of the recent large
scale military exercise conducted by your force?

A. | think a bit of over-emphasis was placed on that exercise.
It was a normal exercise that we were conducting. It was
quite large. | was very satisfied with it. As you know, this
exercise was more of a conventional nature — it consisted
more of South African elements than it did of Territory
Force elements because as you know the SWATF is most-
ly made up of semi-conventional elements, not so much a
conventional force. But, personally, | was very satisfied
with it. It was part of the force that was trained that was
my quick reaction force. | was very happy with it.

Q. Are you planning for a large permanent force or is the idea
to base the force more on a Citizen Army?

A. It is yes and no. We have a fine Permanent Force and we
have got most of our elements in our South West Africa
Territory Force at this moment in time. It is so called full
time force elements. It is a voluntary service — people
come In voluntarily and they do It for extended periods. At
the moment they can be there for life, they can be as per-
manent as they wish but, as in every other line, we have
found that there is a sort of rotation period of about 5°
years. People tend to do work in any sphere and then go
and look somewhere else; but to come back to your ques-
tion: yes, ! think the major elements of this force will be of
a permanent nature. It is not the same as what is called the
permanent force as in South Africa but rather of a perma-
nent nature, but we will also have large elements of the
voluntary and national service nature.

Q. General, will the force you are building be adequate for the
defence of the territory accepting that the threat does not
escalate beyond the existing situation?

A. | think the force will be able to counter any revolutionary
threat against this country, provided of course that it
does not escalate. We will not be able, in the near
foreseeable future, to be able to confront a large conven-
tlonal army, for that we will have to have outside help such
as that from South Africa. But for any other operation, as
for instance as the war is belng conducted at the present
time, | feel that in the near future.that.this force will.be very
adequate, equipped and able to cope with such even-
tualities.

Q. Are you expecting to be able to develop some type of work-
ing arrangement with other military organisations that
could be beneficial for training and the overall standard of
the Force?

A. f think anyone bullding an army will be very stupid not to
do that. | think this will be an on-going thing and we look
forward to continuing our workings with the SA Defence
Force even when this country becomes independent. | fancy
other forces find it necessary to invite us, we will be very
happy to go into any sort of liaison with them.

73



Are the representatives of the private sector being criticized for lacking
“punch"? hey reply that "a scalded cat is afraid of cold water," Be that
as 1t may, "the economy is already largely nationalized," the minister of
finance noted, "The state holds a majority of shares in 70 percent of the
companies existing on Madagascar, It is essential that these companies be
nanaged efficiently,"

The government is all the more hesitant about turning the reins over to the
private sector since it knows beforehand who would profit from it, The Merinas
of the high plateaus, of course, sure of themselves and domineering, who would
thus have an opportunity to avenge themselves on a regime that is too "Cotiex"
for their taste, one whose creation they nevertheless favored, The Indo-
Pakistani commnity, which is composed of about 17,000 members —~ only 1,000
of them have taken out Malagasy citizenship — would not be the last to profit
from this "liberalization," Pioneers of the textile industry, very mach in
evidence in the food~-growing industry and in the import=export trade, the
Kananas exercise a discreet, but considerable influence in the economic life
of the big island, In Morondava 90 percent of the houses belong to them; in
Mahajanga (formerly Majunga) they probably own nearly half of the real estate,

‘My primary objective is the transfer of income to the rural axeas, where 84
percent of the population lives," Mr Rakotomavo insisted, Hence his policy of
raising the price of paddy paid to the farmer: up 15 percent in 1984, Hence too,
the reintroduction of "private operators" in the marketing networks for this
staple, Thanks to an extension of cultivated land area, the minister of finance
thus hopes to by 1987 totally eliminate rice exports, which have already dropped
from 356,000 tons in 1982 to 114,000 tons last year, But in 1985 the rural de~
velopment and agrarian reform budget amounted to barely a tenth of the national
defense budget!

Will he win his gamble? ‘Farming is performed by peasants who must have the
feeling that they are working for themselves," Me Rakotomavo explained, "You
can't produce if you're not a landowner," So, for 2 years now several thousand
hectares have been reassigned to private individuals in the rice-growing Lake
Alaotra area, Elsewhere this transfer has been effected to the benefit of big
private companies or implemented by the signing of tenant farming contracts,

But, for a peasant to decide to plant his fields, aside from profitable prices,
he has to have roads suitable for trading his products for others and an irri-
gation network in good condition, which the World Bank and the European Economic
Community in particular are occupying themselves with, Our peasant. also wants
to be sure that his harvest will not be misapprorplated by others, that his
profit will not be nibbled away at by some Chinese middleman, From this point
of view "liberalization" does not necessarily simplify people's lives,

The problem of the foreign debt —- $1.7 billion — remains unsolved, If there
had not been an agreement to again stagger repayments last October, the burden
of the debt would have absorbed 80 percent of all export receipts; it still

represents 60 percent of them, "It's discouraging: We restructure, readjust

25



FIRST WHITE MAN JOINS ALL BLACK ZION CHRISTIAN CHURCH

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 24 Mar 85 p 15

[Article by Wim Vanvolsem]

[Text]

A 36-YEAR-OLD bachelor has shocked his family anda”
_ conservative Northern Transvaal. community by be- :

coming the first known white member of Bishop B E

Lekganyane’s 4,5-million-strong black Zion Christian

Church.

‘ Johannes Brits has furned his back on the Nederduits Gerefor-
mee! erk in Potgietersrus where he grew up. He was baptised i
traditional Zionist ritual a few months Seo. P P ma

Every Sunday he attends
traditional three-hour Zionist
church gatherings with hun-
dreds of blacks in Magoler-
eng township near Pot-

ietersrus. During the week Hl

proudly wears the ZC\
star on a green piece of cloth.
on his lapel.

“T have seen the light and
found the right path to a
clean life for God,” he said at
‘his mother’s modest house in
Pretorius Street this week.

“Lused to be a fighter and a
smoker and a no-good. But
since joining the Zion Chris-
tian Church, my life has
changed for the better.

Shock

“I feel like a new and
better person. I am no longer
involved in brawls in town
and I have no more racist
feelings,” he said. -

Mr Brits’s membership of

the church has met with op-
ition and shock from his
ily and friends.

‘His sister does not want to
have thing to do with him
and his former friends openly
mock. him in the streets.

cso: 3400/941

| His mother, elderly and wi- |
dowed Mrs Lea Groenewald,
said she was shocked at her
son’s conversion to a black «
' ona disappointed it
“Tam ve ppointed in
him, although T must admit
that he has changed his ways
for the better. a!
“[ don’t understand why he
has to go and sing with the
Bantus to achieve that. He is
chasing me to. my grave,” she

sai
‘His sister, Mrs Maria le
Cante of Pretoria, does not:
allow him to visit her: j
, , But Mr Brits is not per-
turbed. “When my friends ask
me_to have a drink or when
they laugh at me or make
remarks I just turn my back
on them and walk away,” he
said. “That is the best.” {
He said he always had rac- |
‘ist feelings, “especially to-
wards the Indians in Pot-
gietersrus”, but that had now
changed.
“I see. things differently
now and have peace of mind
with every human being,” he |

said. ‘
ij, He said he became. inter- |

91

1

ested.in the Zion church by”

talking to black members at

work. t
“They told me all: about
their ‘church and it stirred

something inside me. I decid-

ed to-go and have a look and {

ast year I went to their large
Easter gathering at Moria
near Boyne, not far from
Pietersburg.

“{ thought about it for
several months and then sud-
denly it became all clear to

. me that this was the way. I

applied to become a member
and was baptised and offi-
cially accepted as a brother.”

Code

He follows the ZCC ethical
code to the letter and does
not smoke or drink or eat

k.
Pe attends their services,
conducted in Sesotho, Shan-
gaan, English and Afrikaans
at the black Potgietersrus
township every Sunday.

“I felt no spiritual satisfac-
tion with the NG church in
which I was. originally bap-

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

tised,” he said.
“=, He sald most of his, whit
friends drank too much: life
“My Philosop! hy for
now is that one must always
be friendly to all people and
not touch liquor, Then you
have no troubles,” he said.
“In the past I used to swear
at the in town. Now I|
don’t swear at all,” he said. :
Potgietersrus. NG church :
dominee The Rev K Opper-
man said: “Mr Brits is free to
do what he likes in terms of |
choosing his own church.”
: Mr Mike Smith, head of the:
| evangelisation commission

—! of the NG’s general 53

Prevori, sail he chong Mr

| Brit’s action was “extraordi- :
nary”.

\

Sectarian

He said the ZCC had a very
high and admirable ethical

But on theological as
| he'saie, it was, difficult to,
the ZCC because it!

ist church based on many an-

|  cestral traditions mixed with :
Old Testament as; 4
He said he found Mr Brits’!
Ca en eee:
Te-

Wing ediional ries and
Fer hite o tijoin|
“Fora person 1
them is rather unusual, but |
| then T don't know what Mr:
i Brits’s personal

oh. |
j cal make-up is,” said |



CHANGES MADE IN COCOA BOARD TO ENSURE HIGH YIELD

Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 19 Mar 85 pp 1, 3

{Text]

cso:

Tt Ghana -Cocoa- Board -has instituted certain, drastic meseures
“to ensure that the. country’s cocoa production reaches over
$60,000: tonnes. within the next: three years. re

“Under ‘one ‘such,’ measure, the board has’ scrapped off © thei

‘Farmers’ ‘Services -Unit- under’ the Cocoa. Services Division. which:

hires out farm’ labour. to: cocoa: farmers. teri

~ -FitLt ‘Joe Atiemo, ‘Deputy: Chief: Executive (Operations) of the:
COCOBOD, ennaunced ‘these at Breman Asikuma at the week-end
‘when he.presented awards to 65 district and illiterate society,
treasurers. of the. Produce Buying Company whose services have!
been withdrawn ‘following -the introduction of the Akuafo Cheque

” He’ explained ‘that’ the- board had’ discovered that cocoa tarm-!
~ - . “ens did not derive ‘the proper:
benefit from the. hired: labour due:

to lack of effective supervision.

fn’ its place, the “board has
decided to attach a. sever.

member team of: extension. servi

ce personnel .to every 3,000"

acres of land under . cultivation:

throughout the cocoa growing

Zones. . tet

This is to. ensure effective and

reliable. extension. services to the

farmers. to increase yieid. 7

FitLt Atiemo said the exten:

sion service teams ‘would ‘com.

prise field assistants, miatblowe

3400/929

GHANA

er technicians, seed. garden ex:
perts and: labourers. ; ‘
The Deputy Chief . Execiltive:
announced that the aged per
sonnel of the Farmers ‘Service
Unit would be retired under the
testructuring exercise. :
On labour, FitLt .Atiemo said
Negotiations were underway to
increase the’. producer price: of
cocoa to such a: level’as to. en-:
able farmers to hire labour from
bets tatour | market without
relying on. the Cocoa. Services
‘Division, ‘

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

, SEYCHELLES
|
|

ARMY GROWS OWN FOOD IN BID TOR SELF-SUFIFICIENCY

Victoria SEYCHELLES WEEKEND NATION in English 30 Mar 85 pp 1-2

“SELF—SUFFICIENCY” is a
key word on the lips of not just
fishermen, farmers and manu-
facturers, but of soldiers too.

The country’s army camps
are all producing as much of
their own food as possible so as
to-reduce their reliance on the
state, contribute to food pro-
duction and economic develop-
ment and remind the soldiers of
the importance of being able to
feed, as well as defend,
yourself.

To people travelling along
the’ east coast road, the neat,
well-stocked vegetable garden
of the Pointe Larue Amy
Camp (PLC) at the southern
end of the airport runway has
been a familiar sight for a tong
time.

With all the soldiers taking
their turn tending the vegetable
beds, the 200 metre by 75 metre
garden not only produces all
the eggplants, cabbages, chil-
lis, green beans and other crops
the camp needs, but also turns
out a surplus to be sold to the
Seychelles Marketing Board.

But unknown to most
people, the soldiers’ farming
efforts at the PLC have not en-
ded there. The soldiers also
keep some goats and cultivate

large banana plots.

Some time ago the former Ile
du Sud-Est, a small island op-
posite the PLC néw joined to
Mahe by the southern end of
the airport runway, was de-
signated a restricted area for
security reasons.

‘That of course did not mean
that the land had to be left idle.
As the new National Develop-
ment Plan states: “The Gov-
ernment believes that no land,
especially @TMble land, should
be left idle or und>~-utilized as
long as there are- people to
cultivate it and make it
productive.”

So three months ago; PLC |
soldiers got busy with their
machetes and hoes, clearing ,
land and planting three large |
banana plots. I

Now the PLCis not only self-
sufficient in cooking and table
bananas also, ‘but it sometimes
has enough to share with other H
army camps. The plantations, |
which also contain some paw
Paw trees, yield no less than
nine different types of bananas.

A spokesman for the Pointe
Larue Army Camp - said
yesterday that farming and re-
lated activities were popular
among the soldiers. “They gen-
crally show a lot of interest,” he
said.


SPOKESMAN FOR PARTIES IN PARLIAMENT ON NEW CONSTITUTION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Mar 85 pp 12, 13

[Interviews conducted by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

‘EXPERIENCE with-
‘out the new constitut.
ion over the past three
months has not
changed the basic ob-
ijections to it by the
Opposition _ political

‘parties. But then none ;

would think of with-
‘drawing. .

| Interviews with leaders
and spokesman of all pol-
itical parties in. the new
constitution show that the
one over-riding issue on

which there is consensus :

is that some accommoda- ©
tion must be made for :

‘Black South Africans.

Mr P W Botha has in- |”

itiated urgent talks aimed !

at solving the crucial is-
‘sue, namely that of citi-
zenship rights. In political
circles there is agreement
that all other factors af-
fecting Blacks will depend
on the Government’s so-
lution to this problem.

| The National Party says
the constitution is “‘open-
ended” in regard to how
Blacks are to be accom-
modated, while at the

same time stating the Par- .
ty’s opposition to direct |

representation in the exit-
‘ing Parliament.

“" It is here that it. parts :
company with all the Op-

‘position parties, accord-

ing to their spokesmen. |
But there is no agreement ;
among them on how |
Blacks should be rep-:
resented in Parliament, |
with the exception of the :
Conservative Party which :
Proposes ethnically separ-
ate states for all.

The other oppésition
parties still maintain their
objection to a constitut-
ion based on separation in
three different Houses. ||

‘Reject |
idea of |
fourth |
chamber’.

THE National Party feels
that the new Parliamen-
tary system is working
well at all levels. §  -
Mr Chris Rencken,
chief information officer
of the National Party,
said the new constitution
had been in operation
since last September and
the Cabinet and Parlia-
ment had been func-
tioning since January.
“During this first. six -
months of its operational
existence, I think the con-
stitution has worked
singularly well.” i

80

Consensus had “been |
reached on:all the “Gen- !
eral Affairs” Bills pres-
ented to the standing
committees, with the sin-
gle exception of the
Police Special Funds Bill,
which would not be dealt
with by the other mechan-
isms provided in the corft
stitution for such a situa-
tion.

“This is a very good re-
cord and shows that the
system is working well at
every level from the
Presidency and Cabinet
down to the committees.”

Mr Rencken said the
NP’s ultimate goal was
“to provide everybody
who lives in South Africa
with equality of opportu-
nity, constitutional, poli-
tical and in every other
sphere.”

This was why the NP
‘was now concentrating its
efforts on resolving the
remaining. contitutional
questions, which con-
cerned political expres: |
sion for Black people out- |

side of the National States |

up to the highest level.

“The NP will continue
its efforts in this direction
until its stated goal of |
equality of opportunity /
‘has been reached.”

JPRS~SSA-85~-036
30 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

His party did not envi- |
sage the tricameral sys-
tem developing into a sin-
gle House of Parliament
‘and also rejected the idea
of a fourth chamber for
Blacks.

“Because of the diver- -
sity of origins, traditions '
and customs of the vari-
‘ous population communi-
‘ties in South Africa, the
‘National Party’s point of
‘departure is that it is im-
possible to accommodate ;
all of them constitutional- ,
ly and politically in exact-
ly the same way.”

Mr Rencken said NP
policy of Black inclusion
in decision-making rested
on dialogue with leaders
of the Black community
itself. In this respect its ,
constitutional policy was
“open-ended.” {

The NP would not pre-
scribe how Blacks were to !
exercise their political as- ‘
pirations — this de-
pended on negotiation. i,

THE New Republic Party |

believes in a fourth
chamber for Blacks, with
all four chambers sitting
together on “general af-
fairs”.

“Mr Bill Sutton, NPR
leader, is a member of the


BRAZIL TO AID FOUR AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 29 Mar 85 pi

[Article by Adwaa Van-Ess]

[Text]

4GHANA and Brazil have
under an economic and
technical co-operation
finalised agreements in
four fields, Dr I. K.
Adjei-Maafo, Secretary
for Agricuiture, has
disclosed.

The agreements cover
irrigation and the setting
up of a fertilizer formula-
tion plant which would
enable Ghana to produce
her own ferti
‘priate for her so

He was sp g to
newsmen on arrival at the
Kotoka International Air-
port yesterday from Brazil
at the head of a three-
member government dele-

CSO: 3400/954

gation.

Dr Adjei-Maafo said the
others cover the protocol
on the rehabilitation of the
Asutsuare and Komenda
Sugar Factories and the
establishement of a soya
beans project in the
country.

The modalities of fund-
ing these projects he said
are yet to be worked out,

The Agriculture Secte-
tary also said Brazil would
provide machines and
technology while Ghana
provides the cedi require-
ments for tthe projects
which are scheduled to
take off by the end of the
year.

He observed that the
Brazilians have an effi-

cient extension service sy-
stem. and said the-two
countries - will ‘soon’
undertake a joint exchan;
programme to enable
Ghana to benefit from the
Brazilian experience.

Dr Adjei-Maafo was of
the opinion that banks in
the country should be
made to sponsor farmers
more than those in the
distribution sector, adding
that a Brazilian team is.
expected in the country
soon to advise how best
Ghana can adopt the
Brazilian system.

Other members of the
delegation were Dr Kofi
Awoonor, Ghana’s Ambas-
sador to Brazil and Col
Seidu Ayuma, commander
of the Second Infantry
Brigade. °

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

GHANA


HOPES FOR EXTENDING PAKISTAN

Harare THE HERALD in English

[Excerpt]

cso:

THROUGH close. Haison
and discussion Zimbabwe
wants to see more areas
of possible co-operation
with Pakistan identified,
the Minister of Foreign
Affairs, Cde Witness Ma-
ngwende, said yesterday.

Speaking at a reception

kistan’s. national day, the
iminister expressed the
hope tt; the close
friendship the two coun-
tries shared would con-
tinue to deepen,

The co-operation had
taken place on a varlety
of levels, “The many

training programmes
generously provided by
Pakistan for  Zimba-
bweans employed in both
Government and para-
statal institutions have
led to a2 marked {mprove.
ment in the functional
efficiency on these vital
sectors and have been
of immeasurable benefit
to the nation.”
Turning to problems in
Southern Africa, Cde Ma-
le said the deliber-.
ate, unprovoked killing of

3400/944

COOPERATION

26 Mar 85 p 5

innocent civilians in
Uitenhage by racist South
African police last week
clearly shows that the
regime had lost none of
its barbarism,

Almost ali the problems
“facing the region were 3
result of South Africa’s.
hostile activities ag it
manoeuvred both within
its borders and through-
out. the entire sub-region
to protect and defend. its
vile policy of apartheid.

“We reject them totally
and will not be swayed
from our chosen course.
Apartheid is an evi] and
it must, and indeed will
be overcome.”

Zimbabwe and Pakis-
tan shared the same con-
cern at the rising level
of international. tension”
and the race by the!

“«vorld’s major powers for‘

military superiority, Cde ‘
Mangwende sald. '

Both countries were
determined to see the re-
sources being used in the
arms race redirected to-
wards development pro-
jects to alleviate misery

108

JPRS-SSA-85-036

30 April 1985

and poverty in developing |
countries, .
Pakistan’s Ambassador '

said his country
enjoyed the best of rela- |
tionships with Zimbabwe.
“Pakistan came for- |
ward with technical as- «
sistance in the fields of }
defence, health, telecom-
munications and trans-.
port,” he said andthe two'|
countries looked at inter- ;
national problems as
human problems “needing |
a healing touch of friend. .
ship -and sympathy”. |
That wags why the two
‘countries had voted on
the same side in the
United Nations. ¥ '

ZIMBABWE


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30: April 1985

SOUTH. AFRICA
SADF ASSISTS POLICE IN TEMBISA MOB ACTION CONTROL
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 3 Apr 85 pp 1, 2
{Article by Tony Stirling] 1
Utevel
SOUTH African: De- ! ; 7 :
fence. Force units were : Police have, however,! ‘The police action had”) Northern Free State,
yesterday deployed jin | emphasised since the: been in response to vari- | said the unrest in the ,
Tembisa, on the East ‘ deployment of troops at' ous incidents, inchiding township broke ‘out |
“Rand; to support the : the weekend that the the setting up of burning when agitators stoned a
police. ...- rel SADF men are. being! .Toad blockades by a Development Board ve-
“This was confirmed | eed fo assist the police! “Folios and! peat ig of hicle. .
yesterday by  spokes- in patrols and the man-| police and te _ve- ‘The vehicle was badly |
than for the SADF in: ning of roadblocks. | ‘icles. ; damaged. ‘The coun,
Pretoria, which has Meanwhile, the situa-' “ The spokesman con- cillor was attacked when
already said that the / tion in the Eastern Capel firmed the arrest of five he got out of the vehicle
SADF is lending sup-* appeared to have quiet people for an incident in | to inspect the damage.
port to the police in the | ened yesterday after al the Port Elizabeth area | He was hit on the head !
Eastern and Northern ' night in which sporadic! in which two Black | with a sharp object and
Cape ees incidents of violence: schools were set alight, chased by the agitators
‘A police. spokesman | were reported. © | causing damage esti- when he fled. *
was yesterday unable to : Just before dawn yes- mated at R50 000. | ‘Two shots were’ fired
confirm the nature of j terday a one-year-old! In the Free State a at the crs. Mr
the operation involving { baby was burnt to death! man was shot in the | Nyanbene 0)
SADF members in the.! at Veeplaas, near Uit- head and a woman in | Nelson y
township .where De-! enhage, when a‘ shack fhe chest in the Tha | Gold Mine wae nin
fence Force members! was petrol-bombed, set-' bong township near the head and Mrs Susan
were involved in a ma-i ting alight eight others. Welkom yesterday after ; (25), in the
jor ‘crime prevention A police spokesman} a group of agitators at- Noanyo, 23),
exercise last year. 1 said bird shot, tea-| tacked a vehicle. A Tha- was ‘desorbed as se.
He said he could not pmoke and ad rubber bul- bong « councillor was hit 2 wes descr aan
. confirm the presence of! were on vari-| ‘on with a sharp nous. aa!
troops in’ Tembisa, nor ‘ous occasions to dis- fnstrument. i oe yee said
Point to any specific op-" Perse ‘mobs during un-| peat ttie potion incidents and further
in seven Eastern!: y * 4 normal”.
relations officer for | was “back to !

eration in progress in
the township. - ~ |

CSO: 3400/950 . ’

78


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

TANZANIA

YOUTH URGED TO SOLVE CONTINENT'S PROBLEMS

Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 17 Mar 85 p 1

[Article by Lucas Liganga]

[Text]

THE Pan ~ African Youth:
Movement (PYM) has been urged i
to. seriously address itself to
questions affecting. the “Afcican |
youth.

In addition the PYM should,
now more than ever before, be
able to involve itself in such
Crucial issues as youths rights and
youth development.

Closing the PYM sixth General '

Conference at the Arusha In-
ternational Conference Centre
(AICC) here yesterday, the head
‘of department of ‘Ideology,
Policital Education and Training
of the Party: National Executive
Committee (NEC) Secretariat
Ndugu Kingunge Ngombale-
Mwiru said by so-doing the youth
would be able to find appropriate

solutions to the problems such as '

hunger, ignorance and disease
Plaguing the continent.’

He said: “You must make sure
that the PYM, far from being a
democratic set up concerned with
issues of . protocol ‘and usage,
becomes a true instrument of the
youth of Africa for their develop-
ment”.

By engaging itself fully in this.

CSO: 3400/945

: continent also should be the cen- |

the continental youth movement’ '
would win the hearts of millions
of young men and women in, > Which had threatened: to wreck
Africa, he said, i the organisation...

Ndugu Neombale-Mwiru told; \? This,’ they - pointed” out, ‘was
the youth that the struggle for | _ Possible because of the wisdom
total liberation of the African ~ and intelligence of its leaders who

could overcome such divisions.

On South “Africa, the con-
ference hailed efforts by ‘the
African National Congress (ANC)
at organising the South African
People with a: view to making
them participate actively in the
liberation struggle,

They demanded the correct ap-
plication of global mandatory !
role in, consolidating ;the con- economic sanctions against the’
tinent’s"independence, ‘unity an apartheid regime and denounced |
development; Shihata* reported.’ TM the - diplomatic, military and |
' The -youths stressed, that economic. collaboration between |
Africa’s vulnerability ‘to some South Africa and Israel.
political, cultural or economic The youths resolved.to support !
aggressions called for them to in- : the intensification of the armed!
crease their vigilance. - struggle for the Namibian in- i

They noted that the: continent dependence in view of the failure
which was now experiencing of international initiatives due to
many political problems had lack of will in South Africa for a |
shown muturity . by» showing dialogue with Namibian patriots.
unity. The conference expressed sup-

The Conference cdmmended “port. to the Frontline States and
the Organisation of African Unity, condemned the aggression per-

petrated against these countries,

HOAU) for consolidating unity. in!
the face of several * problems

tral theme of PYM efforts.
Such efforts, he added, should
go hand in hand with more em-
phasis placed on the correct
analysis of _imperialist
manoeuvres... : . ot
-Meanwhile, the youth ' of.
Africa. have reaffirmed their
commitment to play a. leading

104


BAN LIFTED ON BOOK CONSIDERED EXTREMIST

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Apr 85 p 9

[Text]

cso:

THE chairman of South
Africa’s “new look” Pub-
lications Appeal Board,
Professor Kobus van
Rooyen, yesterday cel-
ebrated the start of his
third term of office. — by
lifting the banning on a
political book which had
been described as a
“threat to State security”.
Sitting in Pretoria, the
board lifted the ban on
The Theory of Black Re-
sistance to Apartheid by
Dr Mokgethy Motlhabi.
The book, a doctoral
thesis by Dr Mothabi

3400/942

submitted to Boston Uni-:

versity in the US was pub-
lished by Scotaville Press,
Braamfontein, Johannes-
burg and was summarily
banned by a Publications
Committee.

The appeal against the
banning was argued: by
Witwatersrand law pro-
fessor, John Dugard.

Among other things,
the book outlines the his-
tory of Black power and
resistance in South Africa
and covers the history of
the African National

Congress.

‘According to the Pub-
lications Committee it de-
scribed certain theories
which could be practically
applied.

The popular 42-year-
old Pretoria University
law professor, Kobus van
Rooyen, has. been hailed
by academics and others
in South Africa as having
made an increasingly en-
lightened breakthrough in
his first 10 years as
censorship chief towards

89

more enlightened
censorship.

He is the man who,
when he was appointed,
said: “We have an Act
and we: are applying it.
We don’t want to clamp!
down on knowledge, but :
on trash...”

He sees the Publica-°
tions Act as being mo-
delled to serve a diversity
of interests and as a
guarantee to civilised liv-
ing standards.

Throughout his wo!
previous terms of office,’
Prof Van Rooyen has de-.
terminedly guarded the:
right of people to criticise
the Government — even
demands for one man one.
vote — as long as sab--
otage, or violence, are:
not promoted.

While he has shown an
increasing tendency to:
clamp down on senseless
violence, he has adopted
a far more broadminded ;
and balanced approach to
sex and nudity, particu-
larly in films. j

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



Social Aspect

In. fulfillment of the socioeconomic functions for which the consumer coopera-
tives were created, the Matola B consumer cooperative has a social. fund, with
20 percent of the previous year's profits deducted. This fund is used to
provide for unforeseen situations among its members, ‘in instances of death
or other situations, and to hold recreational activities.

It also has a collective farm on which small-sized animals, as well as green
vegetables, are produced.

Participating in the meeting was the head of the intercooperatives agency for
Urban District 8, Abel Bonifacio, as well as members of the party residing in
the district.

2909
cso: 3442/230

57



Angonia

The cooperative movement is facing serious difficulties in Angonia.district.
During the previous campaign, there were 13 cooperatives operating. Disor-
ganization and lack of labor are fundamental problems, The bank’.debts
contracted by the cooperatives are something that has been occurring in that
district.

Hence, the party and state agencies have already started working with the
cooperative members to enable them to increase their production areas in

order to pay off their debts. The introduction of cattle into the cooperatives
for farming work is a noteworthy feature. The Eduardo Mondlane, Down With
Exploitation, 23 June, 7 April and 24 July cooperatives already have livestock
for animal hauling.

2909
CSO: 3442/227

53



NATIONALS IN GHANA. DECLARE SUPPORT FOR DOE

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 28 Mar 35 p 8

[Text]

The Liberian commu-
nity in Ghana “has
jpledged its
iand support to ¢
[samuel K. Doe, Stan-
|dard Bearer of the Na-
‘tional Democratic Par-
ty of Liberia, (NDPL).
| According to press
‘Secretary Patrick E.
Kugmeh at the. Execu-
tive Mansion, this was

contained in a letter |

to Dr. Doe, signed by
one paramount
and 14 sub-chiefs,
representing the in-

terest of over 5,000'

Liberian citizens
residing in Ghana.

In:tHeir letter to
Dr. Doe,they said that
the NDPL is the only
party capable of en-
suring unity, peace
‘and justice for the
Liberian people.

They praised Dr. Doe
for his “leadership
ability" and the able

cso: 3400/953

chief, '

loyalty on
DP, ,

manner in which he .is.
steering the ship of
‘state. ° :
The Liberian. citi-:
zens in Ghana also

,used the occasion to

thank Dr. Doe and the,

Government. of Liberia
for the welcome and

interest shown to the
124 Liberians who re-
turned from Ghana re-'
cently. -~ LINA
Meanwhile, the Pre-
sident of the Liberia
Marketing Association
(LMA), Mr. Ignatius

Weah, has praised the .

for
ef-

Liberian Leader
his development
forts.

He noted that every
Redemption Day anni-
versary Celebration
has been marked by the
dedication of market
and other projects.

Mr. Weah was speak-
ing Tuesday at the
launching of the 1985
Redemption Day T-

15

JPRS-SSA-85-036

30 April 1985

LIBERIA

shirts, lappas and

shirts, as well as the ,

National -. Democratic
Party of Liberia(NDPL)
registration cards at
the
headquarters
Point here.

_Mr. Weah said it was
because of the. in-
terest Dr.° Doe has

in West

association's *

manifested in the. LMA —

that the association
in July last year
nominated him as their
Presidential Candidate
for -the forthcoming
general elections.

He said the LMA’ has
taken interest.in dis-
tributing NDPL.regis~
tration ,cards to mar-
keteers and other ci-
tizens to demonstrate
that rade declaration
on July! 25 last year
came from "the bottom
of our hearts, and not
out of emotion." ~~
LINA



JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NAMPULA EXECUTIVE COUNCIL HEAD COMMENTS ON GREEN ZONES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 15 Mar 85 p 8

[Text] At the present time, giving an incentive to the production of green
vegetables, corn and other products, with a view toward making the city self-
sufficient in supplies,is the main concern of the executive council members in
the city of Nampula. Interviewed by our newspaper, the chairman of that city's
executive council, Germano Jose. Joaquim, reported that the first step taken

in that direction was to turn over-under-utilized zones to private farmers

who are engaged not only in green vegetable production but also in raising
small and large-sized animals. This activity received a significant impetus
upon the creation of the Green Zones Office in 1980.

The residents of the city of Nampula were not accustomed to engaging in agricul-
tural or garden produce production, taking advantage of the idle land existing
in that city; something which made them dependent upon supplies from populations
residing outside the city.

Thus, the creation of the Green Zones Office appeared as a "waking up" to the
need for them to produce the food that they required by themselves.

It should also be noted that, up until now, there have been vast areas in
which everything could have been produced, from green vegetables to corn,
peanuts, cassava, sweet potatoes and other crops. Unfortunately, those
areas still remain unused.

Turning Over the Land to Those Who Need It

One of the first policies established initially and aimed at making use of the
land was turning over former (abandoned) properties to the enterprises. From
this standpoint, the enterprises had to create conditions for producing for
their workers’ consumption and for supplying the social institutions and the
population.

However, this measure did not produce the desired effects, because the land
continued to be under-utilized.

In view of this situation, the executive council, through the Green Zones
Office, adopted as an option the turnover of land to private farmers and to
the population. .

44


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

COTTON CULTIVATION DECLINE IN MUTARARA DISTRICT EXPLAINED
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 13 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] In far-off times, Mutarara district was the great area which gained a
reputation for cotton production. Most of the peasants from this area of Tete,
working either privately or for state enterprises, were always engaged in
growing the "white gold."

It is located in the western part of Tete Province, bounded by the provinces
of Sofala, Manica and Zambezia, and also forming a border with Malawi.

Since colonial times, the major producers were settled in this region, and the
cotton crop became most familiar to the population. In view of the situation.
existing then, the farmers were forced to accept the importance attached to
cotton by the foreign and Portuguese capitalists.

During that period, Inhangoma, Doa, Charre, Vila Nova da Fronteria and Nsucami-
ala were established as the areas with a cotton influence. Because of the
good features for growing the "white gold," the Textafrica and Saza (Zambezia
Cotton Company) became set up in the area.

Other inherent requirements accompanied the increased agricultural production,
especially that of cotton. Two ginning factories were created and installed.

Textafrica and Saza had largeexpanses of land on a prairie between Inhangoma,

Vila Nova da Fronteira and Charre, and their production warranted the presence
of factories, supplying them.

In 1979, the Saza company was subjected to intervention and its productive
sector came under the control of the Tete cotton enterprise, which was also
operating in Manje, in the district of Chiuta.

Meanwhile, most of the farmers were located in the area of Inhangoma, and in
Doa and Vila Nova da Fronteira the cotton growing was mainly done by families.

With the creation of the Tete cotton enterprise, goals were established: to
intensify cotton production, to give an incentive for growing “white gold" to
the peasants and to provide suitable material and technical backing to allow
for bigger and better production.

48


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS i

SOVIET, FRENCH NAVIES ASSIST IN SEARCH--A Soviet warship and a French recon-
naissance plane joined Seychellois aircraft and vessels over the past five
days in searching for three men missing off Remire island since last week, a
Seychelles spokesman announced yesterday. The three men are Mr Yvon Marine,
Mr Michel Tamboo and Mr Jimmy Hoareau, all workers on Remire, a coral island
245 kilometres west of Mahe. ‘They left to go fishing on calm seas at 11 a.m.
last Wednesday in a yellow-five-metre, open fibre-glass boat powered by a 25
horsepower outborad motor. When the men did not return late that afternoon,
the island alerted Port Victoria. The Seychelles People's Navy and Airforce
searched the Amirantes group of islands, of which Remire forms part, late
into the night and requested the help of a Soviet frigate and a Brequet
Atlantique reconnaissance plane of the French navy that were visiting Mahe
at the time. ‘Two local inter-island schooners which were in the area, the
Argo and the Curieuse, also gave a helping hand. The French plane is still
involved in the operation. Search authorities have appealed to all vessels
in the area to keep a sharp look-out for the missing boat. [Text] [Victoria
SEYCHELLES NATION in English 27 Mar 85 p 10]

FIRST NORWEGIAN AMBASSADOR ACCREDITED--Norway's first Ambassador to Seychelles,
Mr Olav Dorum, presented his credentials to President Albert Rene at State
House yesterday. Mr Dorum, who is based in Dar es Salaam, arrived in Sey-
chelles last weekend for a week of introductory calls on government leaders.
The Ambassador, who is 63, started working in foreign affairs in 1964. Between
then and 1974 he served in his country's Permanent Mission at the United
Nations, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Norway's Permanent Mission in
Geneva, and as the resident representative of the Norwegian Agency for Inter-
national Development (NORAD) in Zambia and Botswana. Mr Dorum was appointed

a Wead of Division in the Norwegian Foreign Ministry in 1974, Counsellor of
his country's embassy in Cairo in 1978, and Charge d'Affaires in Beirut the
following year. Since 1982 he has been Ambassador to Tanzania. [Text]
[Victoria SEYCHELLES NATION in English 27 Mar 85 p 1]

cso: 3400/949

77



JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

KENYA

BRIEFS

ARINGO DENIES LUOS BRIBABLE--An Assistant Minister for Education, Science
and Technology, Mr. Peter Aloo Aringo said Luo people were not for sale
because they had their own principles to follow. Some people claim that
Luos can be sold. "Let me tell you clearly that we have no price tag,"

he said. Aringo, who took five minutes lecturing his collegues about the
principles of the ruling Kanu said it’ meant one President, one party and

one government. He wondered that in several Kanu recruitment meetings which
he had attended, nobody bothered to explain to wananchi the meaning of Kanu
and what it represented. We said the country had just come out of "political
Mafia" which has threatened leaders and it was time for leaders to unite

and help the president run the country. Aringo said during the time of
“political Mafia" some leaders were seriously threatened and could not serve
the country property. [Text] [Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 29 Mar 85
p 5)

TEA GROWERS EXCEED ESTIMATES-~By the first half of the current KYTDA year
(July 1984-June 85) tea growers under KTDA had produced green tea leaves far
more than had been estimated. The total estimated production as per January 31
this year stood at 147,022,055 kg, but the actual tea plucked and delivered at
KIDA factories was 151,811,928 kg, 4.7 million kilogrammes better than ex-
pected. The leading districts were Murang'a which achieved 19 per cent of
the estimated yield, Nyeri 111 per cent, Kirinyaga, 102 per cent, Embu 127
per cent, Meru 103 per cent and Nandi, 102 per cent. By January 31, 1985,
Murang'a growers had delivered to KTDA 31,956,697 kilogrammes, while it had
been estimated they would manage about 26,944,852 kilogrammes. Nyeri managed
to pluck and deliver 17,615,596 kg, while the estimates stood at 15,911,689
kg. Kirinyaga farmers delivered 16,728,719, against an estimated 16,362,682
kg. KIDA had estimated about 5,944,159 kg for Embu, but the growers improved
this estimate to 7,577,582. Meru managed 11,486,231 kg against the estimated
11,136,249 kg. Nandi had 1,632,588 kg while the estimated were 1,600,870 kg.
Kiambu, Kericho, Kitale and KTDA nurseries performed below expectations. While
it had been estimated that Kiambu would get a yield of about 15,465,133 kg,
it only managed 12,363,532 kg. Kitale got 468,563 kg (505,554 kg); and the
nurseries 495,150 kg (609,353). [Text] [Nairobi DAILY NATION in English
28 Mar 85 p 19] [Article by Patrick Ngugi]

10


irrigation system into the valley, the local peasants were informed of the
importance of working in collective fashion ‘to solve their problems jointly.

Thus, four cooperatives were founded in the center of Nhartanda Valley, as a
result of the merger of 120 peasants from the Sansao Muthemba district who
enlisted, forming the We Shall Conquer Famine, Moeda Massacre, Worker-Peasant
Alliance and Robert Mugabe cooperatives, covering an area of 24 hectares.

In less than a year and a half, a well was dug to collect water at a depth of
70 meters, equipped with a submergible electric pump with a capacity of 60
cubic meters per hour and 1,400 meters of underground piping, which supplies
the four tanks constructed there. The latter have a storage capacity for 1,000
cubic meters of water. The. cooperative area benefits from a drainage system
to protect the land in the valley from the cyclical rainfall.

With the weather conditions in the city of Tete, irrigation represents the
only solution that will ensure a significant increase in food production from
the green zones. The former CO-1 project, in coordination with the rural
development program sector, has decided on the creation of irrigation infra-
structures as the priority in its work, according to the report submitted

at the recent meeting on agriculture in the province.

In Nhartanda Valley, the original idea was irrigation using wells equipped
with small electric pumps.

The irrigation system was completed in December 1984. This system will be used
to irrigate an area of 12 hectares during the first phase; and, in the second,
an area of 20 hectares will be cultivated for the 1985-85 agricultural campaign.

There Is Now Water

The cooperative members are already capable of collecting water to irrigate
their crops and of harrowing the production land with animal hauling. Men,
but particularly women from the suburbs are managing the cooperatives. They
are accountants and bursars, among others. The unemployed are also being
organized there. . .

In this agricultural campaign, the peasants are growing watermelon, okra,
Kalahari corn and ana-sorghum. The members have already started selling the
okra. Success is’ expected at the end of the campaign.

The diversification of production by means of planting fruit trees, the raising
of livestock and the development of fish breeding are other priorities in

the plan of the four agricultural cooperatives of Nhartanda Valley, in the
capital of Tete Province.

Also this year, the cooperative members plan to open two child day-care centers
in addition to installing a mill. :

=

52


SOUTH AFRICA

SADF Assists Police in Tembisa Mob Action Control
(Tony Stirling; THE CITIZEN, 3 Apr 85)..... aebasecevcecceces

Eastern Cape Unrest, Firebombings Noted
(SOWETAN, 3 Apr 85)........e0ee see eee c ee bee ree ceeeeseeeees
Spokesman for Parties in Parliament on New Constitution

(THE CITIZEN, 30 Mar 85).....scececcceeccecnccccccccsseseens

Slabert Explores PFP's Future
(Frederik van Zyl Slabbert; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Mar 85).....

Rivalry Between ANC, PC Explored
(Thami Mazwai; THE SOWETAN, 1 Apr 85) ees eee

UCASA Says Councils Not Enough :
(Alinah Dube; THE SOWETAN, 1 Apr 85)........

New Homes for Ministers of New House
(SUNDAY STAR, 24 Mar 85)....cccseceeccecececcecsccccessseees

Ban Lifted on Book Considered Extremist
(THE CITIZEN, 2 Apr 85)...cecescecsccccecvscccccccceccsesees

Schoeman Moves to Defuse Row Over Rajbansi
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 2 Apr 85)...ccccesccccccccnscees

First White Man Joins All Black Zion Christian Church
(Wim Vanvolsem; SUNDAY TIMES, 24 Mar. 85)........ cece eee weens

Description of Air Assault Brigade Task Force

(James R. Harding; ARMED FORCES, Mar 85) s..esscessccoccccece
Briefs
Support for SADF
Military Study Group
R4-M Thunder Chariot
SWAZILAND

Bhekimpi To Support Niger's Oumarou for OAU Post
(Mbabane Domestic Service, 9 Apr 85)..cccccccsecccccceseneee

Foreign Minister Mnisi Interviewed in UK
(Mbabane Domestic Service, 4 Apr 85)....cccccccccccccccceece

Briefs
Farming Aid Discussed

78

79

80

83

85

87

88

89

90

91

92

95

95

96

97

98

100


Moises announced to the news media. ‘The reorganization, which will be conducted
throughout this year, is basically intended to take in the principal crime foci.
Thus, district delegacies will be established where there are penal establish-
ments. Each district office will be responsible for enlisting the prisoners

in productive activities so they may contribute to the nation's economic: —
development, in accordance with the principle that work is rehabilitative,

Moises noted. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 12 Mar 85 p 3]
6362

TRUCKS FROM HOLLAND--The Netherlands recently delivered 22 DAF trucks to the
provincial department to prevent and. combat natural disasters in Sofala [DPCCN],
to back the operations assisting the victims of the drought, according to the
DPCCN provincial director, Manuel Nogueira. Of these trucks, 14 are to go to
Manica Province, and eight to Sofala. The DAF'’s will be used primarily to
carry corn donated by the Dutch Government to the areas stricken by the drought,
and there are plans for the arrival of 4,000 tons of this grain donated by that
European country, within a short time. Previously, the Sofala department

to prevent and combat natural disasters had received 16 trucks of the same

type and 8,000 tons of corn from the Netherlands. Of the vehicles, 11 remained
for Sofala and the rest went to Manica, according to the distribution plan
devised for this purpose. As the reporter from DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE learned,
during a visit paid yesterday to the DAF truck maintenance station, the govern-
ments of the Netherlands and Mozambique’ have signed an agreement guaranteeing
technical maintenance for these trucks for a 2-year period which has been

implemented since mid-1984. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese
13 Mar 85 p 3] 2909

COVERNORS PROMOTE SMALL PROJECTS--The governors of Maputo, Inhambane and Gaza
and the chairman of the city of. Maputo's executive council have decided to
devote more attention to the development of small projects for multiplying
the surplus agricultural production. During the first phase, the decision
will affect mainly the corn, sorghum, peanut, rice, cassava, nhemba bean,
sweet potato andgreen vegetable crops. The resolution was adopted at the

end of the meeting held between Governors Jose Moiane, Pascoal Zandameta and
Aurelio Manave, and the EC chairman, Alberto Massavarnhane, which concluded
in the city of Inhambane. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese

13 Mar 85 p 3] 2909

cso: 3442/227

69



What can we say, for example, about this "all-out investment" policy, launched
in 1978 on the eve of the oil crisis because there was at the time a bit of
money in the banks and funds? Projects that were operated for a short time —
tanneries, an oilworks, a fertilizer plant, etc, — have oddly enough increased
the country's foreign debt, They began to be aware of this fiasco, aggravated
by the rise in value of the dollar, about the mid-1960's, It took over a year
for the chief of state to convince the ideologists of a sound economy [of the
need for] reorganizing things, "It was hard, hard," noted Mr Rakotovao
Razakaboana, the chief counselor of the revolution (CSR), who was then minister
of finance and the economy and who in January 1982 relinquished his post to

Mr Pascal Rakotomavo, a man who came from the world of business, A turning
point,

Since then, both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have
only been able to congratulate themselves on the assiduousness with which the
Malagasy authorities have followed their advice, The classic and complete pan~
oply in this kind of situation: monetary adjustments, limitation of state ex
penditures, raising of public tariffs, increases in farm prices and production,
elimination of consumer subsidies and liberalization of the marketing of rice
and the prices of certain industrial products, In the final analysis, in
"nacromeconomic" terms encouraging results: the trade balance deficit cut in
half between 1980 and 1983, the balance of payments deficit during the same
period lowered from 17 to 9 percent of the GDP and the growth rate once again
positive at 0,8 percent in 1983, On the other hand, these cleanup measures
were accompanied by a drop in investments and a sharp vise in the cost of
living,

The Malagasy Government does not intend to stop in the middle of such a favor~
able course of action, Its "plan for the rehabilitation and profitable appli~
cation of existing capital" (1984-1987) provides for an average annual. increase
of 3 percent in the GDP, To accomplish this, they will have to set the indus~
trial sector, which is operating at about 30 percent of its capacity, in motion
again, With respect to this, the World Bank has just granted a loan of $40
million, which will particularly serve to provide businesses with raw materials
and spare parts, Mr Rakotomavo has, moreover, given the IMF his pledge to re
move price controls on two-thirds of 211 industrial products between now and
the end of the year, And lastly, he is putting the finishing touches on the
formulation of a new investment code,

Working for Themselves

Is the private sector henceforth being called on to play a merely representative
role? “We are moderately optimistic," Mr Andre R maroson, the president of the
FIV MPA MA [expansion unknown], an association of small and medium-sized busi-
nesses, He admits that, since his meeting with the chief of state in January
1983, relations with the government: have eased up, But he expressed his wish
for the "concrete application of this political determination," whi h is namely
being effected through the elimination ~— in progress = of all the phantom
companies produced by the economic crisis, which axe benefiting from unjustifi~
able credit terms without their being listed in the trede register and without
their possessing bank accounts,

24


The unusual corn production this year has made the hopes for the future even
more gloomy, because the same diesel fuel that the oil lamps have lacked since
the end of last year is also lacking in the mill, where the grain would be
converted into flour. It is for lack of diesel that the electric power plant
is at a standstill and the traveler in Morrumbala is forced to go to bed at
1900 hours.

"It is a grievous situation," remarks Jose Vicente Antao, aged 47, a merchant
who has resided in the district 23 years. The owner of a store (which has only
its shelves), a bar and a mill, Jose Antao claims that the last supplies,
provided at the end of last year, "I sold in a little under 2 hours." In
January of this year, he went in person to Quelimane "where I obtained diesel
and a vehicle made available by defense for transportation." The car broke
down before the departure and did not operate. "It's just as well," he claims,
"because if it had run it would have been caught in the ambush in which the
other eight trucks were caught."

His situation is no different from that of other merchants who, regularly,
every morning, fling open the doors, push out a chair and greet those passing
by, seated at the door of the shop.~ Nevertheless, Jose Vicente Antao considers
himself lucky because of the fact that he doesn't “have to pay rent on the
house, because it is mine."

This cannot be said of the management of the Ship Inn, the only one operating
in the district headquarters, with 13 beds. Since the times when "there were
people even requesting to sleep sitting up, on chairs," Alfredo William Chauque
and Inacio Lucas Novel now cite the fact that, "sometimes a month goes by
wdithout’. our even receiving one customer." It is a situatioh that has reached
the point of being paradoxical, because, "While we need the customers in order
to pay the 7,300 meticals for house rent, their arrival poses for us the
problem of how to feed them."

There is food in Morrumbala, and plenty. What is lacking is salt and cloth
for bartering. Realizing that "the only solution for'this is supplies," Jose
Vicente Antao began raising chickens, ducks and hogs, with which he guarantees
lunch and dinner every day in his bar. He comments: "This land is rich; I
have my savings here and I am going to die here."

It cannot be denied. During the second week of February, classes began. The
usually quiet main avenue of the district headquarters was filled with noisy
groups of children, up and down, carrying grass to cover their old classrooms.
And in April the harvests begin....

2909
CSO: 3442/235

67



JPRS-SSA-85-036

30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

DISTRICT NORMALIZES AFTER LONG PERTOD. OF INSECURITY
Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese 17 Mar 85 pp 16-25
[Article by Fernando Manuel: "Morrumbala, the Return to Life"]

[Text] Since the beginning of last year, Morrumbala, 200 kilometers from Queli-
mane, in Zambezia Province, has been resuming normal life after nearly a year
and a half of insecurity and terror which the armed bandits had imposed on it
since the end of 1982. The most telling evidence of this change lies in the
nearly 23,000 peasants who had been evacuated and who are currently reinstated
in communal villages, where they are producing, building their houses and
restoring the foundations of their lives. "There is hope here," they told us,
"but not in the jungle."

It is 0845 hours on Sunday morning, 10 February. The small line of walkers
among whom we were included was arriving at Tiade, 15 kilometers from the
Morrumbala district headquarters in Zambezia Province. The hike was made
cutting brush, along a narrow, winding path on which the dense woods were
alternated with broad green cornfields, taking 2 and a half hours.

The communal village of Tiade, in the locality of Boroma, occupies a vast
expanse of land extending into valleys through which the river that gave it
its name flows. Constructed in May 1984, it currently houses nearly 4,500
inhabitants, the vast majority of whom are families evacuated from the zones
stricken by the armed bandits up until that time. There are in the locality
of Boroma two other villages like it (Muera and Boroma, the headquarters); and
according to Americo Zimba, secretary of the locality, the total population
is estimated at 17,500.

These are temporary numbers, since our source added: "We are still taking in
more people every day."

In Tiade, the Sunday visit surprised the villagers, engaged in the most varied
types of work, crouched next to their dwellings making mats, with children
hanging around the grinder in which their mothers were crushing the corn.
Seated in the shade of his house, the elder Windo Ambrosio, 46 years old, with

60



JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

LIBERIA

BRIEFS

TWO ISRAELIS EXPLORE INVESTMENT-—-Two Israeli experts are here to hold dis-
cussions with government officials for possible investment in the country.
The experts, Amram Ben-Zvi, land development consultant and Lazar Frintz,
development and construction engineer, arrived here a week ago to present
investment proposals to government. The experts have already held talks
with Foreign Minister T. Ernest Eastman and Agriculture Minister Joseph N.
Boakai, as well as officials of the public and private sector. Mr. Ben-Zvi
comes from the Israeli-based multi-national company, Agridev, while Mr. Frintz
is proprietor of a Construction and Development Corporation in Jerusalem.
They are expected to depart for Israel this week. [ext] [Monrovia NEW
LIBERIAN in English 25 Mar 85 p 8]

cso: 3400/953

17



cso:

3400/957

munity from the people.
The armed forces and
civil servants had all lis-
tened to him and asa result
there was no enmity be-
tween them and the gen-

eral public, the Ngwazi ob-
served.
The Malawi leader

noted that the existing co-
operation has made it eas-
ier to enforce peace and
calm and law ‘and o order in
the country.

People throughout the
country minded their busi-
ness, that of farming, be-
cause they lived free from
any fear of the Army or
Police, the Ngwazi said.

He reiterated -that as a
result of the peace and
calm se ore hyve: re
spended to his appeals for.
hard work ‘in. the fields,

34

thereby making Malawi
one of the few countries in
Africa that feeds itself.

Malawi had earned itself
a reputation as a creditwor-
thy country which knows
what to do with its econ-
omy and politics, the Ng-
wazi said, thanking his
people for the unity which
has led to the sustenance of
the agro-based economy.

Earlier the Commander
of the Malawi Army, Gen-
eral. M.. M.., Khanga,
pledged the Army’s total
loyalty and support for the
Ngwazi, the Party and the
Government. :

General Khanga ‘said
that the Army was united
with the people to deal se-
riously and ruthlessly with
anyone who tried to sub-
vert the nation. ~ ‘


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE GROWTH IN NAMPULA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Mar 85 p 8

[Text] Thanks to the efforts that their members have been making, reflected in
a constant rise in production, and the backing that the city government has
been giving to the sector, the production cooperatives in the city of Nampula
are currently undergoing both quantitative and qualitative growth. In many
instances, the cooperative members are now earning wages at the end of each
month as a result of the sales of their products.

Statements made to our newspaper by the chairman of the Nampula City Executive
Council, Germano Joaquim, and the director of the Office of Green Zones, Pinto
Luciano, agree that the constant growth that the cooperative movement has been
having in that city is a result of the understanding (on the part of the
population) of the advantages of collective production.

At the present time, there are 30 collective production units registered, 10
of which are considered pilots, in view of their'state of development, parti-
cularly from the standpoint of management organization and even the production
process itself.

As those officials explained, most of the cooperatives have a management system
in operation, which enables them to administer their production in an organized
manner.

As part of the search for better courses of action to develop the production
cooperatives, during January, in that city, a seminar was held, attended by
representatives from all the cooperatives in the provincial capital.

According to the chairman of the Nampula Executive Council, the need for making
work methods uniform was the underlying aspect of the meeting. We should
mention here the decision made by the participants regarding the programming
of the production areas based on the existing capacity.

The chairman of the Executive Council added: "It was at this seminar that it
was decided to introduce pay. During the first phase, the cooperative members
receive 600.00 meticals per month, an amount that could increase concurrently
with the rise in output from each cooperative."

54


God knows <~ and it is appropriate to say so ~- that Mr Ratsiraka, by dint of
wanting to swim upstream, has not ceased to amaze his fellow countrymen, or
even to worry some of his partisans, like Pastor Richard Andriamanjato, the
chairman of the pro=Soviet party, the AKIM [Congress Party for Malagasy Inde-
pendence], who asks: "Do we have to take a step backward in order to better
take a leap forward?" How astounded, in fact, many were to see the chief of
state honor with his presence last 27 January an ecumenical rally organized on
the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the translation of the Bible into
Malagasy and deliver a veritable homily in the form of a profession of faith,
"I am a confirmed socialists; I accept Marxism in terms of its economical ap-
proaches, but I also firmly believe in God, even at the cost of my life," he
asserted, "For several years now my speeches have found their roots in the
Holy Scriptures,,,, Everything is coordinated by Providence; nothing has
happened by chance,,,, God commands the world; may his name be blessed,,,,"
As if he wanted to harmonize his faith with life, he finally announced that he
would not attend any "Joro," ritual sacrifice of zebus, A strange resolve
for a man who likes to surround himself with the counsel of sorcerers!

MADAGASCAR MATIN, which is never late with a commentary as soon as the "boss"
has spoken, conmiserated with the lot of the "Christians of some socialist
countries (who) have a thousand and one reasons for envying their Malagasy
brothers and sisters in the face of the systematic and permanent muzzling of
their faith in God," The president's sermon was not without ulterior motives
in a country in which 90 percent of the inhabitants believe in Zanahary, the
creator God of the Bible, Was it not necessary for the chief of state to in-
gratiate himself with the churches, which have set themselves up as a resistance
force against the government in the face of "a situation that is deteriorating
in all walks of life," as a recent pastoral letter emphasized? ‘the signs of
this unrest, according to the Catholic bishops: "An absence of truth, injus—
tice, different forms of exploitation, trampling of [the rights of] others and
regarding them as a negligible quantity, scorn for the lowly, an absolute re~
fusal to see and listen to the aspirations of the great mass of the people,"

The bloody beating received last 4 December by the "Tanora Tonga Saina" (TTS),
the "enlightened youths," the government's thugs, eloquently illustrates this
popular dissatisfaction, What at the start promised to be nothing more than a
settling of accounts —— one more —— between these outlaws and the Kungu Fu
experts who set themselves up as righters of wrongs very quickly degenerated
into an abominable bloodbath, Drunk with vengeance, the anonymous mob thronged
into the Pochard section of town, in the very heart of the capital, the lair
of these hoodlums who with complete impunity have exacted money from, kidnaped,
raped end killed anyone who falls into their hands, the poor as well as the
rich, No quarter! “If we don't kill them now, they'll kill, us tonight," the
demonstrators shouted, The official count for this massacre at which the. police
were present without so umch as stirrings 138 dead,

Unemployed young people, the TTS constitute a subproletariat which actively
participated in the overthrow of President Tsiranana in May 1972 and which the
government had sought to’ place under its control, then enlisted it in its ser-
vice for all sorts of dirty jobs, Mr Ratsiraka's regime has specifically uti-
lized these TTS to "take care of" all the riots it has had to deal with since

20


UCASA SAYS COUNCILS NOT ENOUGH

Johannesburg THE SOWETAN in English 1 Apr 85 p 2

[Article by Alinah Dube]

[Text]

cso;

THE Urban Council As-
sociation 6f South Africa
has called on the Minis-
ter of Foreign Affairs,
Mr. Pik Botha, to with-
draw his statement that
the Black Local Authori-
ties could fulfil the politi-
cal aspirations of the ur-
ban black people.

Mr Steve Kgame,
Ucasa president, made
this call in a statement
released in Pretoria at
the weekend.

He was.reacting to Mr
Botha’s comment in a
recent TV debate
against the Anglican
Bishop of Johannes-
burg, Bishop Desmond
Tutu.

According to Mr_

3400/942

Le men a .
Kgame, the Minister’s

claim that black people
had voting rights in the
homelands or the black
local authorities, had
‘wrong implication. He.
pointed out that Ucasa
was in no way a political
organisation and had to
be treated as such.

“Ucasa has in the past
stated in no uncertain
terms that its members
are only ‘interested in
local government mat-
ters and that we have no
intentions to regard our-
selves as bodies where
blacks can exercise their
political rights.”

“The statement by Mr
Botha reflects Govern-

87

* ment thinking that local

authorities have been’
established to meet the
political demands of the '
urban blacks”, he said. |

Ucasa strongly urged ;
the Government to open
up avenues where black;
people will be able to
participate fully in the‘
level higher. than that of!
local authorities. It also.
stressed the need for Mr!
Botha to realise the!
amount of damage and
disrepute his statement!
had caused the organisa-
tion and its members‘
and asked him to with-
draw and put the allega-
tions in proper perspec- '
tive.

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



The agreement between the two cities calls for, among other things, the develop-
ment of a fruitful cooperation and an exchange of views, for the purpose of
improving the living conditions of the residents of the two capitals, during
the period 1982-85, as well as mutual assistance in carrying out ‘the major
development tasks.

It should be noted that the items now delivered and on display at the consumer
cooperative in Georgi Dimitrov District are part of a donation recently given
to our country by the government of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, worth
$3.5 million (nearly. 140,000 contos) and are intended for the population of
the city and the provinces of Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane.

The donation consists of 258 tons of laundry and toilet soap, 291,000 meters
of fabrics, 36,000 pairs of shoes, 40,000 items of clothing for men, women
and children, and other items, to be distributed on a priority basis among the
consumer cooperatives in the city and the provinces of the country's southern
section.

2909
CSO: 3442/230

41



been warned that if it in-
cluded Indians and
Coloureds, it had no mor-
al grounds on which to ex-
clude Blacks.

The future, ‘as the CP
saw it, was one of inter-
dependence with inde-
pendence, implying a
wide measure of co-oper-
ation between indepen-
dent states in Southern
Africa. In this respect, ur-
ban Blacks should exer-
cise. their political rights
within the context of their

eultural and ethnic home-

Democratic
workers’ |

party
Democratic

Workers’ |

Party

THE Democratic Work-
ers’ Party, official opposi-
tion in the House of Rep-
resentatives, says the La-
bour Party is being “too
accommodating” to the
NP, which is delaying re-
form.

Mr Dennis de la Cruz,
leader of the three-man
Opposition party, said

CsO: 3400/941

that in the tricameral sys-
tem, it was the White rep-
resentatives who had to
be persuaded that dis-
criminatory __ legislation
had to be scrapped.

On the other hand, his
party saw the LP, because
they formed party of a co-
alition Government with
the NP, as being prepared
to set fairly long time-
tables for an end to cer-
tain discriminatory meas-
ures which affected all
people of colour. :
; “But I do believe we
can never again revert to
square A. The process
has begun, and inevitably
the three separate
chambers of Parliament
must merge into one.
That will definitely take |
place.”

Mr De La Cruz said the
system was working in
that people were finding
one another, were dis-
cussing issues, in the
standing committees, :
Coloured and Indians
MPs also found that the
Government's doors were
also open. i

“We as the Democratic
Workers’ Party are using
the system’ to underline
the grievances, shortcom- |
ings and disparities that |
exist in South Africa. We |
have brought these issues |
to the urgent notice of the ;
Government.

|
“Because of the loaded
nature of the system and
the built-in majority of.

82

the NP, which is still the
governing party of Parlia-
ment, success or failure in
reform will depend on
how soon they, the NP,
are prepared to scrap the
most discriminatory ,
laws.” i

At present the NP con-
trolled the country
through Parliament,
through Government de-
partments, Provincial.
Councils, control boards
and a large array of other
bodies all dominated by
Whites.

The DWP believed in a
federal system of govern-
ment based on regional
representation. “I do not
believe in a’one-man-one-.
vote system. We will have
to have ‘a qualified fran- |
chise, with equal qualifi- |
cations for. White, Brown}
or Black.”

“That Blacks must be
represented in obvious.
The average’ White, In-
dian or Coloured person *
is completely ignorant

~ about the’real situation in

Black areas. We are ‘out
of touch.
i

“At the same time we
must récognise'that Black
people are not separate.
They are part and parcel
of the South African ‘na- :
tion and we cannot be
surprised when they give
vent to their frustrated
feelings while they are éx-
<cluded:'"- =


and they take seats away from the workers. It is more worthwhile transporting
the children than the adults, because they understand and bring the amount of
the fare with them. We are continuing our work in a spirit of comradeship and
patience."

The passenger Dade Aibo, aged 39, widowed and the father of three children,
claims: "I am quite pleased with the creation of the TPU, because I used to
walk many kilometers on foot and arrived at work late. Now, the problem of
transportation shortage that the city of Pemba was experiencing has been
solved to a minimal extent. I no longer arrive at work late; and if I ever
do arrive late it is due to the number of buses, which does not suffice to
accommodate everyone. Therefore, as a personal opinion, I would suggest that
the number of buses be increased; there should be at least two circulating
on each route."

2909
CSO: 3442/230

59



JPRS-SSA~85-036
30 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SLABERT EXPLORES PFP'S FUTURE
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Mar 85 p 16

[Article by Dr Frederik van Zyl Slabbert]

[Text]

make up with you and the
think party politics is going to become

», Don’t you

‘There is no doubt that there is me |

more and more irrelevant as we move to- | ly to come to terms with black urbanisa-
wards a government of national unity” ete | tion, with citizenship, with influx control |
etc and “What is the PF'P’s game plan of | and with their own traditional

strategy after the next ” The Government finds ‘itself in a clas- |
I wish to make two | to these sical political squeeze-play, . between ;
statements. The one is that it is quite ; rightwing pressure change and re-
remarkable that these questions are being form for change. It is either going !

many commentators wrote us off after the
referendum.

to be pulled back by those behind it, or it is
going to be pulled forward by those ahead "

: of it.

Sn ion sine are stint et | Its aginst the background of these
dence that such conclusions were entirely , trends and develoments that the PFP has -
Offtne sovond response is that the nature | bl gs strategy ans role In the next
of the and the statements are ' the Pi is not left or right of Govern-

or the bets been placed.
We are entering a

dynamic phase of ':
white politics in which opportunities and ;
strategies will continually have to be re- |

assessed and redefined. As long as one:
has clarity about the goal one is. pursu

ing, one should be flexible about the strate-_ .

gies which are employed to achieve that
goal,

ment, but ahead of it when it comes to the ‘
process of reform.

This Government after _ three-
and-a-half decades of trying to implement -
a policy that has now failed, does not have *
the ABILITY, the WILL, the TALENT
or. the CREDIBILITY to govern. effec- '
tively and successfully in post-apartheid |
South Africa.

It is being overtaken by the time-table _

for reform. It cannot fix this country on
its own, even if it wants to.

a j Negotiation and reform politics cannot
Ay from a certain irksome on be singh party, grouy Single indi- H
aun whe is implied in the statements be nal politics single group oF

and questions, I do believe they are indica-
Bee tae orang aumate in white pai
tics at'the moment. .

83

7 vie eetcter the next General Elec- 4

(paragraph incomplete]



the 1972 revolution was conducted against it through him who might in the eyes
of many appear to be its proxy: Philibert Tsiranana, Today, Paris has "re~
evaluated" the role it should play here and has under the present circumstances
refrained from any "gloating," Cooperation has been resumed better than ever
on a sound basis, France, which locally maintains 607 technical assistants,
granted Madagascar 613 million francs in aid last year, It is still the chief
supplier of aid, but is no longer Madagascar's chief customer,

It is probably more out of a spirit of contradiction than out of conviction
that, when it had things out with France, Madagascar turned to the Soviet Union,
Once he was installed in power, did Mr Ratsiraka sign a secret military pact

in due form with Moscow, or at least a sort of "life insurance policy" which
would include a personal protection clause through the intermediary of the
North Koreans, as some have whispered about? It is not forbidden to think,

in connection with this, that the chief of state has some "string attached to
himself" that hampers his freedom to maneuver,

Moscow's Actions on the Decline

Must we conclude that the big island has fallen into Moscow's orbit, that
Kremlin leaders are running the show? As far as we know, the Soviet presence
is not as massive as some claim: about a hundred experts, according to agreom
ing Western sources, Madagascar has a fleet of 12 Mig~21's —~ not yet paid
for -~ operation of which is shared by native and Soviet personnel and which
are based at the civil airport at Ivato near Tananarive, In addition to this,
there is a flight composed of four Mig-17's on loan from Pyongyang, piloted
by North Koreans in Malagasy uniform,

No Soviet warship has ever put in at the port of Antsiranana (formerly Diego~
Suarez) for a "courtesy visit," On the other hand, from time to time Soviet
freighters unload light armored equipment: guns, antiaircraft guns, for ex~
ample, at Toamasina (formerly. Tamatave), Between 100 and 150 Malagasy soldiers
are in short or long-term training in the Soviet Union, about as many as in
France, It seems that there is no longer anyone in training in North Korea,
Cuba and Romania,

No one denies that Kremlin leaders have designs on the big island, But for
the moment their approach maneuvers do not seem to have "paid off"very well,
which does not discourage them from offering their services, from putting in
an active appearance, They thus succeeded in obtaining the opening of a con~
sulate in Toamasina last August, On the other hand, in the face of the concern
expressed by some Western powers, several months ago the Malagasy authorities
decided to "dismantle" the three land~based centers for long-range marine de-
tection which the Soviets were building,

Even though certain public attitudes work against him, as if he were the prix
soner of a willingly provocative person, even though certain positions he has
adopted on Afghanistan, for example, lead us to think that he has chosen sides,
Mr Ratsiraka has after all succeeded in keeping his Soviet friends at a distance,
in without any major hangups pursuing an all-out policy of nonalignment, The

28


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

GHANA

POLITICAL EXILES REQUEST REVIEW OF CASES
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 20 Mar 85 pp 1, 4-5

[Text]

MORE Ghanaian exi-'
les, including AFRC:
convicts, continue to
take advantage of the

governinent’s reconci- |
liatory offer for a re-'
view of their cases and |
to vindicate themsel- |
ves of various charges!
brought against. the:
by the state, :

to. avail
of the oppor-
de the former
spector-General of Po-’
live, Mi

of Parlia-
ment in the“Linann
Administration:

Mr Kwamena Ahwoi;
Co-ordinator of Investi- +
gations, Vetting and |
‘Tribunals, who disclosed |
this to the Ghana News '
Agenc interview,
in Accra yesterda
sabout 90 exil

ts
had either had their pet

S,
te
tions pracessed or were at

cso: '3400/929

- cial

various stages of provess-

"Kecording to Mr Ahwo1,-

the petitions of the AFRC
convicts are currently
under review by the Spe-
PND Sub-
Committee on AFRC Af.
fairs while those of the
‘others had been referred to
ithe National investiga.
tions Committée (NIC)
and its sub-regional com-
mittees, ©

*. He said some of the exi-
les, mostly resident. in
“Burkina Faso, Togo and
‘Nigeria, were given safe-
conduct documents to éen-

~ able them to return home:

The exiles include Mr
Charles Amankwaa, Po-
pular Front Party (PEP)

lember of Parliament for
Manhyia, Mr James Isaac
Asaman, Mr Dubique

“ Konlaa, Alhaji Mohamed

Tanko, Mr P. A. Dzila, Mr
Hans Kofi Boni, Mr Pa-
trick Anipare, Mr M. L.
Awuni and Mr Emmanuel
Arthur, All People's Na-
tional Party (PNP) func-
tionaries. :
Others are Mr E. K. Ag-
yokum, formerly of the
jank of Ghana, Mr T. D.
Brodie-Mends, a Cabinet
Minister in the‘ Busia Go-
vernment, Mr Marcus

Kwaku Demanya, a Pio-
heer Tobacco Company

(PTC) distributor in the

Volta Region, Mr E. K.
Wiredu alias Nana Adu
Gyamfi and Mr Kwasi
Prempeh, Managing Di-

‘rector -of Handyman

Paints Limited, Kumasi.

Mr 8. K. Kanda, for-
merly. of the Ministry of
Industries Science and
Technology who was sen-
tenced to 10 years impri-
sonment by the AFRC
Special Court has also re-
turned home and is to ap-

ear before the Special

NDC Sub-Committee.
tomorrow. —GNA


“The spoilage probably occurred because of problems with transprtation. The
trading posts are waiting for AGRICOM to ship the produce to Beira," Tito
Afonso said.

According to Afonso, this has been impossible; although it had been agreed that
AGRICOM would be paid a certain rate for shipping it, it did not have the means
at its disposal for this shipment.

Prospects

In this regard, Raimundo Cossa said that “there are prospects for a more perma~
nent marketing arrangement, with the installation of some stores in the city
for the purpose. Some contacts have already been made and we are still waiting
for approval."

According to the director of green zones, the stores would permit continuous
trade, without waiting for the periods that are essentially devoted to marketing,
and the family farmers could bring their produce to these establishments.

This was one of the proposals offered to prevent the problems which have impeded

the operations and it could help to insure the provision of some surplus produce
from the family sector that is needed in the city.

6362
C80: 3442/225

43



IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT FROM BULGARIA IN ROUTE

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 21 Mar 85 p 8

[Lext]

BULGARIA has shipped
tons of” irrigation
equipment and medici-
ne to Ghana in support
of Ghana’s national re-
construction program-

mine ‘Bulgarian Ambas-
sador in Ghana, Mr Ko-
Stadin Ghiaourov, an-
nounced this in Sunyani in.

-an address read on his be-

half by his First Secretary,
Mr Nikolas Tehonkov, at’
the inauguration-of the’
Brong Ahafo Regional,
branch of the Ghana-
Bulgaria Friendship So-
ciety (GBFS).

Mr Ghiaourov said the
consignment is expected to’
the country soon.
He said because Bulga-
rians have great respect for
the late Dr Kwame Nkru-
mah, First President of the
Republic of Ghana, who
visited Bulgaria in 1961,
they were doingeverything
possible to consolidate and
strengthen the cordial re-
lations between the two,
countries.

Mr Ghiaourov, who ‘ist
also Dean of the Diploma-
tie Corps, said the visit of
the Bulgarian Prime Mi-
nister to Ghana in June
last year and Ghana's par-
ticipation in important ce-

* lebrations in Bulgaria were

steps in the right direction
for Ghana and Bulgaria to
cooperate in all fields of

national reconstruction...

cso: 3400/929

Mr Ghiaowrov charged
the Brong Ahafo branch of
the GBFS

farming,

Sto embark ony. wards Ghana’s green revo-

poultry and'animal rearing

lution. — GNA.

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

GHANA



JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

OBLIGATORY MILITARY SERVICE REGISTRATION SUCCESSFUL
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 11 Mar 85 p 5

{Text] In all the districts of the city of Beira, today marks
the conclusion of the process of issuing registration cards to
the young men recruited for Obligatory ‘Military Service [SMO]
during the recently-ended campaign. A preliminary assessment
of the results this year indicated that the campaign was gen~
erally successful, despite various problems.

In this reagrd, Lt Artur Charles, chief of the Recruitment and Mobilization
Center in Sofala, noted that the success was due basically to the moral and
material support from the local political structures and the education and
mobilization provided by the parents and teachers of the young men of eligible
age.

Another factor that contributed to the massive flow of young men to the regis~
tration post was the introduction of new organizational methods and the detailed
preparations for the process, from top to bottom.

According to our informant, it is also important to note the efficiency of the
operation. The cards were issued immediately after registration, unlike the

procedure last year.

The young men signed up and received their respective cards within 2 days, which
prevented confusion and the loss of their registration slips.

The lieutenant praised the work of the dynamization groups, particularly their
respective secretaries, for the way they conducted the operation: “There was
no irregularity in the districts. They.all knew how to interpret the registra-
tion regulations correctly, and the brigades were equally helpful."

Referring to one of the problems that tended to impede the campaign, in addition
to the difficulty in obtaining photographic material [for the photograph required
of the recruits], our informant noted that some opportunists shamed the uniform
of the Defense and Security forces, seeking to foment panic and upheaval among
the young people of Beira.

“As soon as we learned of the irregularities perpetrated by some militamean,
we acted to correct these errors and we made the brigades understand that
recruitment into the SMO is not by force and is not an act of punishment, as
they had thought," he explained.

37



FULLAHS URGED TO UNITE

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 28 Mar 85 ps8

[Article by Gus.D. Jaeploe]

[Text]

cso;

The “newly-inducted :

acting governor of the
fullanh Community in
“Monrovia, Mr. Ahmed
Bah, has appealed to
Fulani nationwide to
hold together in order
to assist government

lopment of the nation.
Mr. Bah who was
speaking during his
installation at the
Monrovia City Hall on
Sunday, said if the
Fulani should embrace
one another for the
common good of nation-
; a1 development, they
and the Liberian peo-
| ple would live as one
family.

Mr. Bah, a veteran
Pharmacist said, under

his administration, '

the, community would
embark upon "the im
provement of
Conditions of citi-|
zens and Fulani na-
tionwide as its first
priority in assisting,
to improve the living
standards of the Peo~
Ple, Menten ree nena

health!

|

3400/953

‘in the overall deve-'

16

Mr. Bah was inducted
into office by Assis-
tant Internal Affairs
Minister for Culture
and Legal Affairs, Mr.'
Beuford, J. Taylor. i

Speaking during ‘the
ceremony, Minister
Taylor who deputized
for Internal Affairs
Minister Col. ‘Rdward
K. Sackor, called on
the Liberian .Communi-
ty to be united in or.
der to Maintain peace
and’unity in the so-
clety. i

Mr. Taylor who is
also Chairman of the
Montserrado County
Branch of the National
Democratic (Party of
Liberia (NDPL), praised
the new governor, a
veteran of the "Congo
War", a brave soldier
who risked his ‘life
while serving in the
Liberian Frontier
Force (LFF) ‘at the}
time. The pro-
gram was attended by
government officials,
muslem leaders, Fula~
‘nis,among others.

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

LIBERIA


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

FIRST AMBASSADOR ‘10 IRELAND ANNOUNCED-~Kenya has appointed its first ambas-
sador to the Irish Republic. Mr Benjamin Kipkulei takes on the post in ad-
dition to his duties as High Commissioner in London. Mr Kipkulei presented
his letters of credentials to President Patrick Hillory at a colourful cere-
mony in Dublin. He was met at his hotel by the Irish Republic's chief of
protocol, and was driven in ceremonial style through the streets of the Irish
capital, with an escort of motorcycle outriders and a battalion of the Irish
Army. Mr Kipkulei was taken into the presidential palace by the Irish Cabinet
Minister, Mr Peter Barry, for the ceremony. After chatting informally with
President Hillory and conveying greetings from President Moi, the two men
inspected a guard of honour and the band of the Irish Army played the Kenya
national anthem. Although this is the first time that Kenya has had diplo-
matic relations with Dublin at ambassador level, the links between the two
countries go back many years. There are a number of Irish Catholic priests and
nuns working in Kenya, some of them since pre~independence days. The Irish
Republic also has several doctors in the country. The republic buys sub-
stantial quantities of Kenya tea and coffee. [Text] [Article by Antony
Denton] [Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 26 Mar 85 p 14]

C80: 3400/925

11



TANZANIA

SINOTASHIP Vessels Modernized
(Daniel Mshana; DAILY NEWS, 22 Mar 85)..

Maize Seed Imported From Zimbabwe
sos. KDATLY NEWS, 16 Mar. 85)..seseeeeeeeees

Youth Urged To Solve Continent's Problems
(Lucas Liganga;. SUNDAY NEWS, 17 Mar 85)...

Briefs
GDR Team in Dar toon t ©. 105
Kimario’ Warns Soldiers . woe % 105
Korean Experts Commended 105
ZIMBABWE .-

Exports Bid by Botswana Doubtful of Success

(THE HERALD, 29 Mar Se ee or .- 107

Hopes for Extending Pakistan Cooperation

(THE HERALD, 26 Mar 85)..ceeveescvccctcccvesrescere 108

Dutch Offer of Top Expertise

(THE HERALD, 28 Mar 85)...eeeestccteeesererecsiee 109

Training Programs To Help African Farmers Stepped Up

(THE. SUNDAY. MAIL, 24 Mar 85)..++eeeeeeeeeeveree 110
Mangwende Salutes Catholic Church Role in Struggle
.. +« (THE HERALD,: 28° Mar 85).eseeeeeseceeeeeeie - li
Briefs
PLO Envoy. Message to Mugabe . B 112
Iranian Asbestos Purchases 112



EXPORTS BID BY BOTSWANA DOUBTFUL OF SUCCESS

Harare THE HERALD in English 29 Mar 85 p 1

[Text]

“A TOP-LEVEL Ba.
tewana delegation
visited Harare last
week in a bid to in-,

crease textile and .

clothing exports to
Zimbabwe bur _ local,
sources “Were ~~ this’
week doubtful about
their chances of suc-

cess

The Ministry of Trade
and Commerce would
only confirm that discus-
sions had been held with
the delegation and “Boing
lem areas are still

Manufacturers’ Associa-
tion said it would not
‘support any easing of
restrictions on textile ©
imports from Botswana.
Barlier this year legis-
ane pon ees,
ghten up on
tion of textiles and clo-
thing. This was to. én-
sure that items could not
be imported under open
general import licences
unless they met a 25 per-
cent. local content cri-
terion, including labour
and raw materials.
Botswana has not al-
ways been able to meet
this criterion and a re-
cent issue of the Gabo-
rone weekly, Business Ga-

cso: 3400/951

zette, reported that as a ;
result “20 million ala |
worth of annual exports
and. over | 1000. jobs" |
‘were at stake in Botswa- :

na, i
Last week’s meeting
in Harare was held at
the request of Botswana
‘and the visiting delega-
tion included _ officials .
from the ministries of |
finance, commerce and
industry, the Department
of Customs and Excise,
the Attorney - General’s
chambers and the De-
partment of External |

ae “Dennis Kennedy,
co-ordinating officer of |
Catma, .said yesterday '
that tightening restric-
tions on imports from
Botswana had become
necpssary to protect local
indystry from “unfair
competition”

Concessions. |

| He pointed: out that
| Botswana companieg had
| lower operating costs,
{ received’ a- wide variety
! of concessions from the
government -.and: could '
get what they liked in
the way of essential im- |
ports for synthetics. !
Whereas “local industry :
now gets 40 percent of |
‘the currency it received ©
for imports last year”, :
he said, oy :
As a result, products

107

JPRS~SSA-85-036

30 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

fromi  Motswane, were
cheaper and this, coupled
with reduced loca, spend:
ing power ‘because of
drought, and recession,
had put’ many local com-
panies in the position of.
either having to close
down or on to short-
time working. .
- He said employment in
eee industry res O00
. tt of the 18000
employed. in the peak
year of 1982, while out-
‘put volumes were 64 per-
cent of their 1982 levels.
Mr Kennedy said that
although there was “an
air of optimism in. the
; industry, it is just_an alr
‘ at the moment, The in-
dustry is

stil making
losses and it wilt take |

some time before we feel
the full benefits of in-
creased consumer spend-
ing power because of the
end.of the drought”,
Other industry sources
claimed the main reason

Botswana. was unable to |
meet the 25 percent j

Mmit wag because it did
minimal processing of

_ raw materials it Import:
ed before

|

Some also expressed |
concern about the fact |
that most of the com-.

panies seemed to be
South African owned and
could be seen as fronts
to enable the apartheid.
regime to break through
into the PTA market,



exists to construct a runway for the landing of the "Antonovs," and is willing
to put in hours of work on the clearing and the filling and leveling. The
Coelho Organizations themselves have already expressed readiness to back the
advancement of the project, contributing 96 million meticals and fuel.

The greatest obstacle now appears to lie in bureaucratic matters, because they
told us in Morrumbala that, "we cannot go ahead without a decision from the
province," to which they have sent the proposal. Dissatisfied, the most
impatient see in the helicopter the least troublesome solution and the one
most likely to be accomplished within anideal period of time.

"We admit that the supply situation is worrisome," claims Mario Angureti, “and
that the population cannot be mobilized with mere words. The continuation
of this situation could jeopardize all the work accomplished up until now."

Everyday Dramas

Morrumbala is still present in the memories of Zambezia as a "paradise," where
travelers coming from various locations: used to spend weekends, with game and
domestic animal meat, alleviating the over-abundance of agricultural produc-
tion and that of small species. The largest in Zambezia Province, located at
a high point with a high rate of rainfall, this district contains land of
unlimited generosity. Half jokingly, the inhabitants claim that, "If you bury
a rock during the night, the next day you'll have a mountain."

Hence, it was not by chance that the bandits concentrated their attention on
this district, where they also set up their "provincial main base," From a
talk with peasants in the villages which we visited concerning their lives
before the enemy action, we learned that the count of the number of young
goats and hogs belonging to each family ranged between 20 and 30, or more.
An embarrassing question was that regarding chickens, ducks and pigeons, the
count of which not a single one could give: "There were many," was all that
they would claim.

Much of this family wealth disappeared, destroyed by mere sadism or by the
greed of the bandits. The cattle, which the district's economy
secretary estimates as) having been about 4,000 in number (we also heard
estimates of 7,000), that escaped are now roaming through the dense woods
which used to supply the abundant and varied lumber from Morrumbala, "in a
semi-wild state."

With the memory of the times when "everyone mistrusted everyone else," and
when the nights were spent in the bush while weeds invaded homes and schools,
erased, Morrumbala is again putting its potential in human hands. Instead
of weeds there is corn, cassava and sweet potatoes. Unworried, the men now
rove through the tembas in the dark until late at night, drinking sorghum
beer and socializing on weekends to the sound of the drum.

66


1975, with the result that these bands of hoodlums have ended up benefiting
from collusion with the highest levels of the government, So it is really no
accident that we have these past few years been witness here to a rapid de~
velopment of the martial arts, In this climate of political violence was it
not natural for everyone to concern himself with organizing his own defense?

"This Force of Inertia..."

With the economic situation contributing, things have reached such a state of
deliquescence that the chief of state has really been forced to admit that the
revolution is on the skids and people are "balking".at socialism, "When a
Malagasy sits down, it's all over," a resident of Tananarive noted, “There is
no worse attitude toward the government than this force of inertia," We are
somewhat at this point today, Mr Ratsiraka's concern is to set the machine in
motion again without betraying the great principles inscribed in the "Red Book,"
without in the eyes of some passing for # "misbeliever in socialism,"

We mst admit that in 1975 Mr Ratsiraka inherited a country in a pitiful state,
on the verge of anarchy, and that, by dint of his skilfulness and tenacity,

he nevertheless succeeded in keeping its head above water, even in stabilizing
it, without, however, having been able to impose on his partners — and this
he xegrets — the single~party system, He therefore had to create his own
political party, the Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution (ARHMA), which holds
4115 of the 137 seats in the National Assembly and which coexists with six other
parties in a very loose National Front for the Defense of the Revolution, A
way of trapping those who would be tempted to set up their own coalition,

The ideological crisis has spared no party and all of them suffer from internal
dissension: ‘There ia an AREMA of the Right and an AREMA of the Left, Even in
the MONIMA [National Movement for the Independence of Madagascar ]— "Madagascar
packed. by the Malagasy people" —- some challenge their leader, Monja Jaona, the
"number-one" opponent of Mr Retsiraka, against whom he ran in the November 1982
presidential election, This old political fighter is today no more than a
symbol, He is convinced that he has the majority of the population behind him,
put he no longer harbors any ambitions, "I am," he said, "a sort of prophet..."

When he acceded to power, people did not place much hope on his political
future: Mr Ratsiraka has already hung on for 10 years, Up to now he has known
just how far he can go, how to navigate among cross currents, He has realized
that he has to handle "areas of freedom" with kid gloves, like so many alarm
systems consisting of blinkers that keep him from going astray, So the Malagasy,
who often pass for glib talkers rather than men of action, enjoy a certain free~
dom of expression, They manage to say a lot of things, but there is a way to
say them, .

The Tight Sergeant
Even if he wanted to, Mr Ratsixaka would have a hard time behaving like a dio~
tator inasmuch as the political game forces him to use subtlety, even Machia~

vellianism, to maintain certain balances, specifically ethnic ones, While the
chief of state can, because of his ocial origin and level of education, pass

21



JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

COCOBOD TO STRESS COFFEE--Coffee nurseries are to be established in the Bepong
zone the largest producer of Ghana's coffee,:as part of intensified efforts by
the Ghana Cocoa. Board to. boost coffee production, Mz Mac Bonsu, managing di-
rector of thé Produce Buying Company (PBC) Limited who announced this at a
meeting with coffee. farmers at Kwahu-Bepong, in the Eastern Region at the week-
end, said the PBC would give every encouragement to farmers to sustain their
interest in ‘coffee farming. At the meeting, 98 retired society treasurers
with the PBC in. the.Mkawkaw zone were presented with special awards of a
certificate and a-piece of was print each in appreciation of their services.
Mr Bonsu said he was touring coffee producing areas to acquaint himself with
farmers problems and“to re-assure them of government's continued commitment

to help them increase production. He said problems like lack of transporta-
tion, low producer price and finance among others had been identified and
steps were being taken to rectify them. . The Kwahu District Secretary, Dr N.
Ababio~Apah, called on the COCOBOD to-increasé extension services to the farm-
ers by organizing seminars to’teach them new techniques. [ext] [Accra
GHANAIAN TIMES in English 26 Mar 85 P 8] =

CDR REORGANIZATION PROGRESSING—~Thé Monitoring ana Co-ordinating Department
of the Office of the Politiaal Counsellor for the Economic Development of

CDR has embarked on a re-organization exercise of CDRs throughout the country.
A statement from the Office of the Coumséllor.said in Accra yesterday that as
a start, all CDRs at workplaces in the Greater-Accra Region whose tenure of
office had expired should contact their district and regional secretariats for
guidance. [Text] [Accra GHANALAN TIMES in English 26 Mar 85 p 3]

cso: 3400/954



and reorient our economy simply to repay our loans without its being possible
for the funds thus released to serve development," a high official noted,

No more short-week negotiations: "We must achieve a global and reasonable re~
adjustment of our loans," the minister of finance felt, In his opinion, the
idea of a "debtors' club" raised by Mr Ratsiraka, which would be a counterpart
to the Club of Paris, "is ripening,"

Black Gold Fever

Kerosene tomorrow? Since the chief of state announced the opening of a drill~
ing campaign, many people have been a bit too quick to think that prosperity is
within range of a derrick, Some interpret as a good omen the fact that the IMP ~
is playing for all it is worth the card of Madagascar, a country it has since
June 1980 already lent $148 million, Begun during Mr Tsiranana's regime, oil
exploration was interrupted in 1974, at which time indications of the presence
of black gold were revealed, Today exploration has been resumed on the west
coast of the big island around Majajanga and Morondava, Four "blocks" have
already been distributed there to three American companies: Amoco, Western
Petroleum and Mobil, and to one Italian company, AGIP [Italian Petroleum mnter-
prise], in the original form of a special partnership in which the state holds
a majority of 51 percent of the stock,

Amoco started its first drilling operation at the end of 1984; the others will
follow, "Results are expected without delay," Gen Hubert Andrianasolo, the head
of the National Military Office for Strategic Industries (OMNIS), indicated,
Negotiations are already in progress with other companies for the distribution
of "blocks" elsewhere on the big island, As for the minister of finance, he
wisely refuses to take into account in his calculations what is still only
speculation, .

No one, not even those who stand most to gain from the "new economic policy,"
is insisting on the fact that a veritable reversal of trends is involved, Mr
Rakotonavo speaks cautiously of "a recovery period with more pragmatism," For
Mr Manandafy, “certain gains remain, namely our departure from the franc zone,
economic independence with respect to Fuance, the concern for social justice
and the effort for decentralization, ‘ Our social plan has not been laid open
to question," For Mr Razakaboana, who represents the right wing of the AREMA,
the president's party, "we must see to it that the process now in progress is
irreversible and we must be wary of the strategic withdrawals of those who have
not resigned themselves to burying the dream of 1975," A dream that has today
vanished,

[23 Mar 85 p 8]

[Text] 3, A Country "That Will Not Kneel"

Following a succession of serious errors in the economic domain, Mr Ratsiraka's
regime is trying to straighten things out, But these belated efforts have run

up against general scepticism and the problem posed by a burdensome foreign
debt remains unyielding (LE MONDE, 21 and 22 March),

26


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS :

SUPPORT FOR SADF--For almost a decade Armed’ Forces has been propagating the
establishment of an organisation that. will support the South African Defence
Force, much in the same manner as old established institutions such as the
Defence Awareness Association and the United States. Army Association do in the
United States, while in Australia thé Returned Services League often became
very involved in setting: the record straight when wrong ideas about defence
are bandied about. It is with agreat deal of satisfaction that we are able
to report that a group of retired senior SADF officers and leading personal-
ities have got together in Cape Town and informed the first Chapter of the
Military Study Group. No doubt other Chapters will be formed in the Transvaal
and Natal. The present members are froma cross section of the community who
not only have an interest and experience ‘in matters of a military nature but
their knowledge in their chosen professions covers a wide spectrum, including
Many aspects of our ‘economy. . This new organisation has provided this short
preliminary description of their principles and intentions. We will be
pleased to pass on any enquiries. [Text] [Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in
English Mar 85 p 5]

MILITARY STUDY GROUP-~A ‘Military Study Group has been formed in the Western
Cape by a small number of retired officers and other interested persons. Mem-
bers of the group have an interest in Defence matters. They are conscious of
the importance of promoting the image of the SA Defence Force and of its role
in ensuring the security of the Republic and stability in Southern Africa. The
group is non-political and non-partisan. All members have pledged themselves
to support and assist the SA Defence Force by making contact with foreign
friends, acquaintances and organisations and placing in perspective the true
role of the SA Defence Force in maintaining peace and security in South and
Southern Africa. The group will arrange to receive and entertain overseas
visitors and to discuss matters of military interest with them. The group will
liaise with other organisations which may wish to avail themselves of its ser-
vices. It is possible that similar groups will be established in other centres
of the Republic in due course. [Text] [Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English
Mar 85 p 5]

95



NEW HOMES FOR MINISTERS OF NEW HOUSE

Johannesburg SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Mar 85 p 4

[Text]

cso:

3400/950

EIGHT large homes for Min-
isters and Deputy Ministers in
the new House of Delegates
have been completed at Peli-
can Park on the banks of Zee-
koeviei, near Cape Town.

Bellandia Homes was
awarded the R1,7-million con-
tract in July last year. lt

The houses were designed
by the Department of Com-
munity Development in three
categories. The first _ two
cover 352 sqm each and the
third 280 sqm. The smaller
homes are for the deputies.

All units have three bed."
rooms, a guest suite, a living ;
room, family room, a break-
fast area, kitchen, pantry, ser-
vant’s quarters and a double
garage. Some houses also
have verandahs.

More news from this very
active company in the Cape is
that Bellandia has won a
R1,1-million contract for a
housing project at Ocean
View near Kommetijie.

There will be 78 two-bed-
room homes built of concrete
blocks, with asbestos roofs. '
The\ contract is for six
months.

88

JPRS-SSA~-85-036
30 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

KOIGI'S CONTINUED PARTY MEMBERSHIP QUESTIONED

Nairobi THE EXPRESS in English Vol 2, No 1, p 3

[Letter from Publisher]

[Text]

cso:

RECENTLY, the Kanu National Ex-
ecutive Committee meeting under Presi-
‘dent Moi suspended a former Minister
for Higher Education, Joseph
Kamotho, and several other politicians,
some from Nakuru district, from party
membership. Sot

The move is seen by observers as yet
another of a series of measures which
the President has initiated in his clean-
up campaign to weed out disloyal
elements from the ruling party.
Eyebrows were raised, however, by the
omission from the list of those suspend-
ed from Nakuru of former Nakuru
North MP and ex-detainee Koigi wa
‘Wamwere, an avowed Marxist. It is
puzzling, to say the least, why the
Nakuru Kanu branch did not submit
Koigi’s name for suspension by the com-
mittee considering his past record as MP
prior to his detention.

While in Parliament, Koigi! had never ‘

uttered a single word of praise for the
-Government of President Moi. Instead,

he engaged himself systematically in
sponsoring motions. which advocated
the total socialisation of the economy
and land in true Marxist fashion. Koigi’s

3400/925

‘utterances to ‘Nairobi University

students in May, 1982 in which he said
change in Kenya:can only come about
through the gun and his. derogatory
remarks - about the President when
speaking about corruption, were record- |
ed and duly filed away by the Kenya
Special Branch whose men covered the
lecture talk incognito. a

..This was reported by The Express i in}
its October edition. It was the first time |
ever that Koigi’s unpublished remarks |
were brought to the attention of the |
public by this magazine. Similarly the!
reasons which led to Koigi’s detention |
six days after the attempted coup of
August 1, 1982 were reported for the
first time by this magazine in ‘the same
edition. These reasons were divulged to
this publisher bya high ranking member
of the Government at the time, who ‘
although no longer holding a parliamen-
tary office, is still in the good books of
the President and the Government. |

Considering all this, we are puzzled
why the Kanu Nakuru branch failed to
include Koigi in the list of those it
recommended to the National Executive
Committee for suspension. The Pubile
would like an explanation. :. -. 1

KENYA


cso:

3400/960

ing batteries, mortar platoons, and infantry units by
helicopter. The responsiveness of these methods provides
the manoeuvre commander the flexibility to shift well-
supplied combat forces about the battle area.

The division’s 2nd Brigade Task Force uses a jump suppot
team..(JFST) to further enchance flexibility and respon-
siveness. This is a task-oriented team of support personne!
whose mission Is to. provide limited commodities and ser-
vices to support an air assault operation. While mission
tailoring is essential, two standard Jump team “packages”
have been developed and used.

The tight package consists of 20 soldiers, 6 vehicles, in ad-
dition to petroleum, oils, and lubricants equipment. Totally
mobile, it:provides. ground refueling support; limited receipt,
storage, ‘and issue of all supply classes; and limited vehicle,
armament, ‘and:communications equipment. maintenance.
“Tailgate” medical services are also provided. This package
can be used to provide area support and in-depth support
when the brigade sector is wide or when a single infantry bat-
talion is separated from the bulk of the brigade task force.

The heavy JFST package (see chart above) provides ground
and air refueling support; fuel blivet exchange; medical
evacuation; receipt, storage, and Issue of all classes of supp-
ly; some vehicle, armament, and communications equipment
maintenance; and limited vehicle recovery and transportation
services. This package frequently supports the brigade
trains. It supports battalion task force operations when a bat-
talion is operating independently or almost independently. It
provides a means to disperse supplies and equipment when
the enemy air threat is high. It is also a means of phasing sup-
port into a new operational area concurrent with manoeuvre
forces. The JFST can be formed from personnel and equip-
ment from the division support area. In any case, flexibility,
imagination, and continuous coordination with operational
planners are essential.

Combat service support in the 101st Airborne Division (Alr
Assault) is an essential element of a brigade task force. The
responsive support provided by the jump forward support
teams demonstrates that logistics activities can be. carried
out efficiently and effectively, even by a small supporting
force. Making the most of this efficlency in logistics, the Air
Assault Brigade Task Force can fully realise its unique com-
bat capabilities — quickly, day and night, over . great
distances, and with enviable precision.

Reprinted with permission of ALOG. ~

94


Domoina attacked Swaziland, Great Britain was the first country to come to our
rescue. She supplied us with technical experts who did a valuable job and also
with road engineers. Materially we got the road—building bridges [as heard]
and again Great Britain promised to help us with the Big Bend Bridge, and

that was very kind of Great Britain. My country valued that help from Great
Britain, and we are also looking forward .to that she might be of great help
tous with other aspects of our economical development in Swaziland.

[Locke] Now you especially asked to visit a (?food) farm. Did anything come
out of that visit which might be useful’ to agriculture in Swaziland?

{Mnisi] Yes, indeed. We enjoyed our stay with the Taylor's there. We learned
a lot about how they got about with their crops, the machinery for agriculture
which they use there, and-as a mixed farm we were really impressed to see how
they go about with the crops together with their animals, because I for one

as a farmer myself, I am interested in mixed farming so'I gained a lot of valu-
able information from Tom Taylor and his family. Indeed when I looked at the
manner they raise the cattle, I was really impressed. So I would sincerely
hope that with the information I have gained from them, I will be able to im-
part it to my people at home so that they could also be able to carry out mixed
farming on their farms.

[Locke] Honorable foreign minister, what impression generally of Britain in
the 1980's will you be taking back with you when you return to Swaziland very
soon?

[Mnisi] Well, I have been greatly impressed with Great Britain. I remember
the first time I came here I found that Great Britain was under the problems
of unemployment. Now I was really impressed to see that Great Britain has
tackled that problemvery, very successfully as far'as we are concerned because
this problem has not only:befallen Great Britain alone. The whole world has
been affected by it. The same thing with Swaziland. We had a number of firms
and our business people leaving the country looking for green pastures in South
Africa and so forth, so with the knowledge we have’ gained from Britain, defin-
itely we shall be able to talk to our business investors in the near future
and try and encourage them with incentives so that they could be able also to
bear the burden with us in Swaziland. We are quite aware that the recession
has hit the world very, very hard, but with the knowledge we have gained from
Great Britain we will be able to sustain the problems which were brought by the
recession in the world.

[Locke] Foreign minister, thank you very much indeed. [End recording]

CSO: 3400/971

99



In Tiade, the temporary huts which all of them build during the first days
after their arrival are gradually being replaced by more solid structures,
because "we have come here to stay," as was claimed by Herculano Ndjize,
aged 45, who lives with two younger daughters rescued from the bandits, "who
raped them." :

Bernardo Claudio, district secretary for economy, informed us later that..the
population is being encouraged to resume the raising of small species, the
planting of shade and fruit trees and the improving of the housing. "This is
work which was impossible for us. to organize properly last year, because we
gave priority to agricultural production."

Last year, the communal village of Tiade taught the first grade, with 450
pupils, and it is planned to introduce the second this year. At the same
time, the peasants made contributions totaling 56 contos, the original purpose
of which was to create a consumer cooperative. Later, based on consensus, it
was opted to make this sum available for. the creation of the cooperative, but
a production one, in which, besides the tradtional crops, an attempt would be
made to introduce others, such as potatoes and cotton. .

According to the estimates, this cooperative should go into operation by the
1985-86 campaign. "There is hope here, but not in the jungle," remarked
Americo Zimba, secretary of the locality of Boroma.

The Change

The Tiade River, which fertilizes and has given its name to’ the village that
we are discussing, is shared by another communal village, that of Denguma,
which we visited the next day, Monday, after covering another 6 kilometers.
Planned for the morning period, the trip ended up taking the afternoon period
because, with the flash floods at night, the journey, which was made by fording
the river, was more difficult at that point.

The village of Denguma, belonging to the headquarters locality, offers a land-
scape quite different from that of its twin, Tiade, which displays streets and
houses arranged in geometric patterns in each, neighborhood. In Denguma,. one
enters by way of side roads broken up by farms growing corn; and,to the visitor,
the houses appear suddenly.

Most of the villagers living here come from Marrabuanha, nearly 15 kilometers
away, which many visit in the still of the night to avoid the "madjubas"

[RENAMO spies]. Showing hands that are splayed and calloused, Rosca Adela, with
seven children, remarks: "The whole history of my suffering with bandits lies
here."

Now well along in years, which she cannot count, Rosca Adela was captured and
taken to the base, "where day and night I was grinding and making flour which
I myself was not even eating.” In her escape, which she made with her husband,

62



JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

CHARGES AGAINST HIDROMOC DIRECTOR#-Beira--The diversion of 500 contos in company
funds; the lack of consideration for the party structures and for the workers;

the suspension of literacy classes in 1984, in the middle of the school year:

these are some of the charges against the branch director of HIDROMOC [Mozambican ‘
Water Company] which this newspaper learned from a source in the City Committee
and which were leveled during a visit by Lourenco Marra, first secretary of

the city of Beira, to the water company yesterday, According to our source,

the director is also accused of having beaten a worker when the latter demanded
his rights and of spitting in the face of some of his subordinates employed

as mechanics, saying they were "going around dirty." The source added that
HIDROMOC is not complying with Law 4/80, the workers are prevented from present-
ing their problems to the proper authority and last week the director threatened
an employee in the accounting department. According to the source, [because

of] these and other issues presented by the HIDROMOC workers, the party structures
will study the matter and arrive at a solution, taking the necessary measures

to restore labor harmony in the company. [Text] [Beira DIARTO DE MOCAMBIQUE in
Portuguese 13 Mar 85 p 2] 6362

ACCORD SIGNED WITH UNICEF--An accord has just been signed in Tete Province to
guarantee an accelerated recovery program for the food supply system and mutrition
in Changara District. A group of technicians of various specialties is already
in that region to carry out the program. The agreement was signed by Eduardo
Arao., governor of Tete Province, and by the UNICEF representative in Mozambique.
The UNICEF regional director for southern and eastern Africa was also present
at the signing ceremony. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese

13 Mar 85 p 2] 6362

NAMPULA MILITARY SCHOOL APPROVES PLAN--The Nampula Military School approved

its supplementary plan for the 10th anniversary of the proclamation of national
independence, in a 2-day conference last week, The participants, who included
the commissioners of the military units and subunits in Nampula Province, also
assessed the degree to which the decisions of the national meeting of the FAM/
FPLA [Mozambican Armed Forces] Political Commission had been implemented. ‘The
Participants in the recently-ended meeting also approved the plan of activities
for the current year. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 13 Mar
85 p 2] 6362

NIASSA REORGANIZES PRISON SYSTEM-~The prison system in Niassa Province will
soon be reorganized by the provincial People's Court, presiding judge Arlindo

68


DEBTORS DETAINED AT CAMP BELLE YALLAH

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 29 Mar 85 pp 1, 6

[Article by G. Kparcon Nardoh]

[Text]

‘Several debtors. of
the Liberia Produce,
Marketing Corporation
(LPMC) and the Liberia
Petroleum Refining
:Company (LPRC) were
yesterday ordered de-
,tained at the Camp
Belle ‘Yallah maximum
iprison in Lofa Coun-
"ty by the Chairman of
‘the Debt Collection
“Task .Force, Defense
Minister Maj/Gen. Gray
D. Allison.

Four of the debtors,
Messrs. Mamadee Kro-
‘mah, Kamofa Fofana,
Seika Keita and one
of the Jabateh Bro-
thers who’ owed LPRC
over $6,3 million,were
sent to Belle Yallah
‘because they neglected
:to. make settlement, ;
according to Chief of
Staff Lt/Gen. Henry
S. Dubar, who headed
the LPRC debt collec-
tion team. i

Justice Minister!
Jenkins K. Z. B. Scott
who headed the debt
collection team at,

13

LPMC,’ said the number

‘of debtors booked for

imprisonment would be
determined from a list
of commitments he was |
preparing up to press '
time. .

Among those who have
already been dispa-
tched to Belle Yallah :
are: Oscar Quiah,
Augustine Tamba, Pre~ |
sident of the District ,
Trust Corporation, and!
Moses Glay.

Defense Minister
Allison said those |
sent to Belle Yallah!
would remain there
until full settlement)
of their arrears ‘is
made. |

Police Director Wil-
fred Clarke who headed
the debt collection
team at the National
Housing and Savings
Bank, said a little
over $155,600 was col-
lected as interest due
on loans, adding that
a considerable  num-
ber of debtors were
paying. .

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

LIBERIA


R4-M THUNDER CHARIOT--Parliament--The direct cost of exercise Thunder Chariot
to the SA Defence Force last year was R4,3 million, the Minister of Defence,
General Magnus Malan, said this week. The balance of the total cost of R24,6
million would have been spent in any event on the yearly training exercises
of the participating units, he said in reply to a question by the leader of
the Opposition, Dr Van Zyl Slabbert. Direct costs included the daily allow-
ances and rations of permanent force members, printing and publications,
travelling and catering costs for guests, fuel and lubricants, ammunition

and transport of personnel and equipment. General Malan said it had cost
R375 000 for the repair of vehicles and equipment damaged in the exercise.
Answering earlier questions by Dr Slabbert in the session, General Malan

said it had cost R90 000 to plan exercise Thunder Chariot. [Text] [Johannes-
burg THE SOWETAN in English 28 Mar 85 p 4]

cso: 3400/941

96


JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MADAGASCAR

THREE-PART SERIES ON BREAKDOWN OF REVOLUTION

Paris LE MONDE in French 21, 22,.23 Mar 85

[Serial article by Jacques de Barrin]

(21 Mar 85 pp 1,5] : ; _ a
[Text] 1, "Narx Is Not Everything..." “ben

Tananarive~~The notables and diplomats who one morning in January flocked to
Ambohitsorohitra Palace for the traditional New Year's wishes ceremony had no
idea of the kind of speech that was going to be made to, or rather inflicted
on, them by Mr Didier Ratsiraka, the Malagasy chief of state, since lengthy
passages of the presidential address did not fail -to go over their heads! In
this masterly lecture -- backed by blackboard and pointer — was it nét ‘a ques-
tion of Cartesian morals and Pythagorean philosophy? *

In the middle of this esoteric expose, however, a little sentence did not seem
right to the ears of many listeners: "For a country which, like Madagascar,
has chosen socialism, it is ‘perfectly normal, even indispensable, to be very
familiar with the philosophical foundations of scientific socialism, ‘the ideas
of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Mao Tse-tung, But stopping with these authors alone
seems to me not only incomplete, but particularly clumsy, even dangérous!* -’
And MADAGASCAR-MATIN's editorialist dotted his i's: "It was a pleasure ‘to hear
the president say, as he did, for the first time without beating about the bush
that Marx, Lenin, Engels or Mao are not everything,"

Commentaries and interpretations were rifes "It's a diversionary maneuver +o
make people forget the harsh realities of the moment...’ a complete reversal,,,
a wink in the direction of academicians,,, a warning to leftist intellectuals,,,
the speech of a Cotier [coastal inhabitant] who wants to get the’ better of the
Merinas of the high plateaus, nay, even that of a pedant who doesn't <know how
to behave with ordinary people,"* There is some truth in.@ll of these analyses,

* Inhabitants of the high plateaus and in the majority in Tananarive, ‘the Merinas
form a highly structured society of Asian origin with its own traditions and
its old castes, whereas the "Cotiers," more often of African origin, have dif~
ferent customs, The distinction between Merinas and Cotiers is sometimes arbi~
trary and, above all, it does not express the complexity of Malagasy society,
But the antagonisms between the two groups continue to play a role in the
country's political and social life,

18


In the livestock sector, there was a 40 percent decline in the supply of
cattle in Inhambane Province from the figure in 1983. According to the inven-
tory taken last year, the province had a supply of 56,678 head of cattle,
Massinga, Homoine and Panda being the districts with the largest supplies.

Industrial Production

In the industrial area, the provincial government's report notes that the Nova
Mambone salt-works in Govuro district produced 1,246 tons out of the 6,500
tons of salt planned for last year. This non-fulfillment was due to damage
in the motor pump during the second half of the year.and the irregular fuel
supply. However, 5,000 tons of salt produced in previous years are still
awaiting removal.

In the lumber sector, the Funhalouro, Chitanga, Mawaela and Mazucane sawmills
were recovered; the latter having been destroyed by the armed bandits in the
middle of last year.

As a corollary to this work, MADEMO [Mozambique Lumber Enterprise] managed to
exceed the production goals for crossbeams and sawed lumber by over 4 percent
and 182 percent, respectively. Last year, lumber production in general in
Inhambane Province was 268 percent higher than in 1983.

However, the production of logs was 45 percent of the set goal. There were
also rather. low indexes for the production of construction materials. A total
of 9,890 cubic meters of stone were produced, corresponding to 19 percent of
the plan. . On the other hand, 51,198 bricks were produced, compared with
120,000 units in the plan,.and in prefabricated items, 74 percent of: the
planned goal was produced.

In the construction area,.works projects included in the central state plan
were executed, amounting to 64,448 contos, or 87 percent of what had been
planned.

Prominent in the transportation and communications sector was the movement
recorded in port activity, wherein the figure on cargo handled was exceeded
by over 27,000 tons.

In the supply area, last. year it was possible to reopen 114 stores, out of a
total of 267 establishments closed up until 1983.

2909
CSO: ..3442/230

47



DESCRIPTION OF AIR ASSAULT BRIGADE TASK FORCE

Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English Mar 85 pp 7, 8

[Article by Colonel James R. Harding]

[Text] The Air Assault Brigade Task Force is a unique, well-
balanced, powerful, and highly flexible fighting force.
Representing the combat organisation of the 101st Airborne
Division (Air Assault), itis composed of 3 infantry battalions;
2 assault helicopter companies (each with 15 .UH-60
helicopters); an attack helicopter platoon (with 8 Ch-47's); an
alr cavalry troop;: an artillery battalion; and engineer, in-
telligence, signal, alr defense, military police, and combat

service support units.

Using organic Army aircraft, the task force can airlift its in-
fantry, artillery, alr defense artillery, and most of its combat
support and service support units. The task force works best
at night, moving quickly — 100 miles per hour — and using
not lights but nightvision goggles to focus on deep targets.

Use. of this ‘hard-hitting capability requires a mobile,
responsive support system. The foundation for this support is
provided by the division support command’s supply, service,
maintenance, and medical forward support companies.
These organisations, controlled by the forward area support
coordination ‘officer, are usually positioned deep in the
brigade sector to avoid battle losses. From this position they
take advantage of the unique airlift capabilities of the brigade
task force to move supplies and personnel about the bat-

tlefleld.

Asingle Black Hawk can easily move 1,000 gallons of fuel,
and a CH-47D will deliver over 10 tons of ammunition, food,
fuel, or water. Supplies from the division to the brigade sup-
port area are best delivered by air; for example, C-130's and
C-141's can airdrop or airland supplies configured for direct
and immediate air movement forward by task force aviation
eiements. In some cases, these supplies are delivered direct-
ly to the battalion trains by Air Force aircraft.

The focus of the supply effort is to “push” supplies for-
ward. Organic forward area arming and refueling points
(FARP's and FARE’s), positioned as far forward in a sector as
tactically ‘possible, ensure continuous availability of air
assets. The FARP’s are, in turn, resupplied by direct ex-
change of 500-galion blivets from the brigade rear area or divi-
sion supply points using UH-60 or CH-47 helicopters.
Likewise, ammunition is delivered rapidly and directly to fir-

92

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


Is it not in fact in the interest of the big island to reactivate trade with
the neighboring department of Heunion, as has begun to be the case? Last year
it sold the latter 6,000 tons of corn, A start,

Mr Ratsiraka has set aside his allergies to renew the dialogue with the Comoros,
whose government means nothing of any importance to him: Since 1977,. relations
between the two countries had been practically nonexistent, Now, at the end of
January, the Malagasy chief of state sent Mr Nirina Anriamanerasoa, one of his
closest collaborators and the bearer of a message which its addressee judged to
be "particularly warn," to Mr Ahmed Abdaliah, his counterpart, It is important
to note that this visit to Moroni came only a month after that of Mr "Pik", Botha,
the South African minister cf foreign affairs,

A change of tactics in Tananarive, It is no longer a matter of systematically
denouncing those who shake hands with the South African "devil," Mr Ratsiraka
would, on the contrary, like to try to stem the advance of the racist Pretoria
regime with the feeble means at his command in order not to incur the criticism
of having remained aloof, There is the precedent of Mozambique, criticized for
having signed the Nkomati pact by the same ones who did not lift a finger to
release it from the grip of its powerful neighbor, Did the Malagasy chief of.
state get wind of the fact that South Africa is planning to place a Boeing 747
at the disposal of Air Comores to open a new route to Europe? He immediately
proposed that its Jumbo Jet make a stop at Moroni on its Paris flight, It is
only fair, And now Mr Abdallah is facing a political choice,

Mr Ratsiraka, who at one time saw white mercenaries in the pay of Pretoria's
leaders everywhere, ready to destabilize his regime, has ended up admitting
that the latter for the time being have other things to worry about, At any
rate, it will be some time before this former naval officer forgets the bitter
humiliation the South African authorities subjected him to when he was on a
cruise aboard "La Jeanne": They had forbidden this officer cadet, who in
their eyes was not quite like the others, to go ashore when the ship put in at
Durban, There are memories that leave their mark,

11,466
C80: 3419/361

30


cSO:

The Debt Collection:
Committee chairman,
Maj. Gen. Allison
told the press that
the time for talking;
was over and now wasi
the time for action.
He said the debt col-
lection team had star-!
ted off with a general
appeal to debtors to
pay up, but the re-
sponse . was not. en-
couraging.

He said the ‘Task
Force exercised pa~
tience, tolerance and:
gave ample chance for
the debtors to arcange|
with the Ministry of
Winance, ‘the Housing
Bank and the two cor-
porations for settle-
ments, “but to our
surprise, some of them
ignored the plea to

3400/953

14

honor their
tions." ,

The Defense . Mini-
ster.said government
was ‘not at war with’
the public, but ad-
ded that something had
to be done to serve
as a deterrent to ci-!
tizens and foreign
residents who were
bent on economic sa-
potage of the nation;
by refusing to pay.
millions of dollars
they owe the state or
state enterprises. :

The Task “Force
Chairman has meanwhile
given the remaining deb-
tors up to this .af-
ternoon to settle
their obligations,
failing which they"
would be sent ‘to Belle
Yallah..

obliga-


IPRS~SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

PEMBA POPULATION SATISFIED WITH NEW BUS NETWORK

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] Now that the first weeks since the introduction of an urban transport
service into Pemba have elapsed, the residents are expressing satisfaction
with the quality of the respective service. The residents, especially those
who live far from the city and work in it, have been benefited with the elimi-
nation of delays in arriving at work. However, the bus drivers are complaining
about the behavior of some users, who attempt to ride while intoxicated,
carrying large amounts of goods or avoiding payment of the fare.

The drivers claim, in particular, that many passengers on the line in the
Muchara urban zone ride while intoxicated and always carry: various kinds of -
alcoholic beverages, using improper language and creating problems inside the
buses with drivers and fare collectors.

The driver Dade Relaia, aged 35, married and. the father of three children,
remarked: "Since the opening of this TPU service in the city of Pemba, we
have never been affected by the problem of poor operation of the buses. The
service begins at 0430 hours and runs until midnight. Right now we are
complaining a great deal about the passengers, who are very lacking’ in an
understanding of our work; because many of them, mainly from Muchara, damage,
abuse and dirty the buses, as well as quarreling with the crew personnel.

We often try to make them understand, but up until now those conflicts have
only increased."

The fare collector, Muanarabo Chaque, aged 28, and married, explains: "I am
quite satisfied with my work. I have been serving in this sector for 4 years,
and with the passage of the. years I have been gaining experience too. Upon
the creation of the TPU services, I have been faced with several problems with
the passengers, concretely, on the Pemba airport route. Every day problems
are created: passengers refusing to pay, intoxicated persons and bad
language."

Muanarabo Chaque stresses: "The capacity of the buses is 54 seats but, with
Pemba's transportation shortage, this.:figure is not adhered to, owing to the
excessive number of people using its services and children going to ‘school.
There are individuals who ride around in the buses. They have no ‘destination’

58



MANGWENDE SALUTES CATHOLIC CHURCH ROLE IN STRUGGLE

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Mar &5 p 13

[Text]

cso:

3400/9521

ZIMBABWE is grateful
to the Catholic Church
for its role in the in-
dependence struggle, the
Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs, Dr Witness Ma-
ngwende, said yesterday.

ig at a luncheon
in *e to bid. farewell
to the Apostolic Pro-
Nuncio of the Holy See,
Archbishop Frapcesco
Colasuonno, Cde Mangwe-
nde said the chureh had
revealed to the inter-
‘national community the
atrocities of the Smith
regime on . defenceless
civilians,

He thanked the priests
who had sacrificed their
lives for
cause.
ma’ noted that before |

lependence Tcent. ,
of African education wes
mm the hands of the
Catholic Church. One
out of four secondary
‘scnools had belonged to:
the church while over 50i
percent of the 118!
church-run rural hospitals

111

and clinics had been un-|
der ita control.
de Mangwende sald!
hea role Siunged ghureh;
now ¢l one
working in close-co-
Sheration with the Gov
ernment to provide
essential services instead
of ‘hattling or competing
with fake as on the past.

th should re-
fect “ose. Mpoctallst ideais
of ang people it served
Zimbabwe was con~
fdent that the

friendship between the
two would continue to be
without friction.

. Archbishop Colasuonno,
leaves to take up another
appointment tn Yugos-
lavia after four years tn
Zimbabwe.

The archbishop,
was based in Mozambi-
que before he came to
Zimbabwe, said it was

contacts

igh his
swith ‘the local Seaders

who

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

ZIMBABWE


ECONOMIC, TECHNICAL AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH ITALY

Accra PEOPLE'S DALLY GRAPHIC in English 27 Mar 85 pp 1, 5

[Article by Tetteh Quaynor]

[Text]

CSO;

3400/955

DR Kwesi Botchwey,
Secretary for Finance
and Economic Planning
and the Italian Under
Seeretary for Foreign
Affairs, Mr Mario Raf-
faclli yesterday signed
an economic and tech-
nical co-operation
agreement etween
Ghana and Italy.

The two-sides also re-
viewed the state of mutual
relations, particularly in
the area of economic and
technical co-operation
within the framework of
Ghana’s Economic Reco-
very Programme.

In this connection, the
Government: of Ghana
submitted a number ot

ridrity project proposals
for consideration by the
Italian government among,
which are a water.and se-
werage programme which
the government is tackling
with an IDA assistance to
supply water to about 1.5
million people: in the
Accra-Tema metropolitan

area.
~The Ghanaian side re-

quested the Italian Go-
vernment to finance a part
of the project with a soft
Joan of 3.7 million dollars
which the Italian side ex-
“pressed the willingness to
co-finance on the basis of
technical and-economic
evaluation.
Other areas where the
“Italian side agreed to hely,
finance are a mechanisa-
tion’ programme for food
roduction where the Ita-
lian Government is already
helping and the financing
of a Co-operative Tractor

“Rehabilitation and Upera-
tional Maintenance Pro-
gramme with a grant of 1.3°

million dollars.

‘he Ghanaian t
underlined the need for re.

-habilitation of a number of,

sub-stations of the Volta
River Authority (VRA)
and asked for the financing
of the second phase of the

roject for which a soft
loan of about €10 million
will be needed.

The Italian team ex-
pressed its willingness to
co-finance the project tak-
ing into account the eva-
luation being currently
undertaken by the World

jank,

Technical assistance for
an Aluminium Rolling
Mill, extension of Power
Grid to the northern sector
of Ghana and the rehabili-
tation of Ghana's timber’
equipment of Italian origin
were also areas where the
two sides agreed to co-
operate.

The two sides: finally
agreed to hold annual con-
sultations to review econo-
mic and technical co-
operation between their
respective countries. ‘The
date and venue of tlie first
meeting will be agreed-
upon through diplomatic
channels.

Present at the meeting
were Dr Bortei-Doku,
Ghana‘s Ambassador to
Italy, Mr Kwame Peprah,
Secretary for Transport
and Communications, Mr
Louis Casely Hayford
Chief Executive of the!
VRA and Mr Luigi Du-
rante, Italian Ambassador
to Ghana.

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

GHANA



JPRS~SSA-85-036

30 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SCHOEMAN MOVES TO DEFUSE ROW OVER RAJBANSI

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Apr 85 p 5

{Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

THE Minister of
Transport Affairs, Mr
Hendrik ‘ Schoeman,
has agreed to hold dis-
cussions with National
Peoples Party leader
Mr Amichand Rajban-
si in an attempt to clear
up, a _ controversy
which has led: to
threats of Mr Rajbansi
quitting the Cabinet.

Mr Rajbansi told the
Citizen “the whole situa-
tion has been defused
somewhat” Mr Schoe-
man’s willingness to re-
view a decision on an ac-
cess road to Chatsworth
in Durban.

Mr Rajbansi said: “I
like him (Mr Schoeman)

. and we as a caucus don’t

cso:

blame Mr Schoeman for
what has happened.

“In any case I would
not take so serious a step
as to withdraw from the

3400/942

Cabinet without first dis-
cussing the matter with
the State President who is
a very sincere and ded-
icated man on the subject
of reform in the country.”

Mr Rajbansi said an in-
correct impression had
been created about the
threat to withdraw from
the Cabinet “simply over
a road.” He stressed that
a matter of principle was
involved.

When Chatsworth was
developed about 25 years
ago the Durban City
Council had agreed on an
access road which today
would _ serve about
250 000 Indians living in
constituencies represen-
ted by eight members of

90

Whites. when —_ about
250 000 Indian voters are
involved. :
“We cannot sit here!’ ”.
toothless.”
As another example he
mentioned the ' recent
Yet after pressure from| Opening of a community
a small number of White! centre for Indians at
voters in the Yellow Phoenix. Health and wel-}*
Wood Park area, the Na- _ fare were “own affairs” in
tal Provincial Adminis- _ terms of the new consti-
tration and Durban City | tuion yet the Natal Prov-
Council had rejected the " incial Administration had
long-standing route for not even invited a mem-
the access road and de- _ ber of the House of Del-
cided on an alternative ‘- egates to attend an issue
route which would have | which rightly belonged to
cost about R10-million | the House of Delegates.
more,” said Mr Rajbansi. : “This is the principle
“The principle is that | involved. Either we are
provincial powers should : the responsible ministry '
have been transferred to : OF we are irrelevant. It is
the ministry of the House | Rot just a difference of
of Delegates in terms of | pinion about a road and
the constitution and we ! general affairs is not sim-
cannot have a White Min- Ply a White issue.”
ister making decisions | Mr Rajbansi said the
that favour about 50 Minister had at first’
agreed to “the shortest
and cheapest” route to
Chatsworth, then done an
about turn and endorsed
the alternative route. “Mr
Schoeman spoke to our.
caucus last Friday and
said he would discuss the
matter after the Easter re-
cess. We will issue a state-:
ment in due course” said.
Mr Rajbansi. :

the House of Delegates. |



LOWER ECONOMLC GROWTH EXPECTED FOR 1985

Blantyre MALAWI NEWS in English 23-29 Mar 85 pp 1-]

[Text]

Presenting the 1985-86
Budget, Mr. Bwanali said
the prolonged rains had af-
fected. the tobacco crop
this year. As a conse-
quence, the economy was
expected to show a growth
of 3.9 per cent —a positive
growth but well below
1984’s “remarkable” 7.6
per cent rise in Gross
Domestic Product.

The. agricultural sector,
which includes most of the
export sector, was €X-
pected to register reduced
growth of 1.6 per cent.

This would create a
strain on the balance of
payments. . Since these
were the results of devel-
opments in one crop, it
was “imperative that ef-
forts to diversify the econ-
omy were taken strenu-
ously” so that Malawi was
not overly dependent on a
handful of crops or com-
modities for export pro-
ceeds, he said.

Last year’s Peeps
improvement, jite ma-
jor problems, particularly
in international transport,
had been propelled by the
agricultural sector in gen-
eral and the small holder
sub-sector in particular,
Mr. Bwanali said.

RECORD

Agricultural output rose
by 6.3 per cent compared
to 4.2 per cent in 1983, and
the smallholder sector in-

CSO; 3400/956

creased its output-by a re-
markable 7.8 per cent.

Admarc had purchased a
record quantity of 373,000
metric tonnes of agricul-
tural produce in 1984, at a
cost of K73 million.

“What this meant is that
people in ‘the villages
earned up to K73 million
from their crops as op-
posed to K45_ million
earned in 1983. This is a
substantial amount and it
vividly shows the result of
His Excellency the Life
President’s appeal to his
people that they should
work hard in the fields,”
the Minister said.

Despite transport diffi-
culties, total exports in
1984 increased by a sub-
stantial 59 per cent, while
imports increased only
marginally by six per cent.

The position on the bal-
ance of payments was also
remarkable in 1984. In
1983 Malawi had an overall
deficit. on its balance of
payments of K54 million.

st. year, the country
showed a net incrgase in its
reserves of K88 million.

Statutory corporations,
too, registered excellent
growth last year. “The
combined net profits of the
nine largest statutory cor-
porations in 1984 has been
recorded at K11.049 mil-
lion, a very remarkable im-
provement over the almost

35

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

MALAWI

continuous series of losses
in, the past,” the Minister

said.

~ Mr. Bwanali said the
1985-86 budget would con-
tinue with the objective of
reducing the internal and
external imbalances in the
economy and the reduction
of budget deficits to sustai-
nable levels.

Under a structural read-
justment programme being
negotiated with the World
Bank, emphasis would be
placed on ‘providing the
appropriate and necessary
incentives for the strength-
ening of the export sector
and at the same time ef-
forts to mobilise domestic
resources for optimum

would be intensi-

‘fied.
The 1985-86 Budget

projects estimated expen-
diture of K402.9 million
on the Revenue Account
and K156.4 million on the
Development Account. A
total deficit of K104.4 mil-
lion would be financed

ly by — programme
funding and other external
borrowing. A total of
K44.9 million would be
met by. local borrowing
and domestic fiscal meas-
ures.



sma ctescercracccecrcccmccmcmmmmmcacc——————————————————————_—__  ___ _— _— ——___——— rz

JPRS-SSA-85-036
30 April 1985

SWAZILAND

BHEKIMPI TO. SUPPORT NIGER'S OUMAROU FOR OAU POST
MB091724 Mbabane Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 9 Apr 85

[Text] The prime minister, Prince Bhekimpi, today received a message from
Niger's president, General Seyni Kountche, seeking support for the appointment
of Niger's foreign minister, Mr Ide Oumarou, as secretary general of the OAU.
The message was delivered to the prime minister on behalf of President Kountche
by Niger's ambassador to Ethiopia, Mr Abodu Mallam Mousa.

Receiving the message, Prince Bhekimpi assured the envoy that Swaziland will
abide by the resolutions of the OAU to elect the secretary general. The King-
dom of Swaziland, said Prince Bhekimpi, will support Niger's candidate for the
OAU's secretary general's post, and this will depend to the majority of the
OAU members. Prince Bhekimpi said ‘the message from President Kountche sym-
bolizes that Swaziland is greatly appreciated by the OAU, and Swaziland is
quite aware of the problem faced by the organization to elect the secretary
general. He said the OAU is a continental family organizaiton which groups
together African countries to pursue one goal. The prime minister said due

to the element of mistrust in the OAU, the organization has on several
occasions failed to elect the secretary general. Prince Bhekimpi said he does
not know what will happen this year during the OAU summit in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.

Delivering the message, the Niger's envoy to Ethiopia said President Kountche
is sure that his foreign minister will play a leading role for the OAU. Mr

Abodu Mallam Mousa said his country's foreign minister is a strong man and
will do a good job and serve the interests of the OAU.

cso: 3400/971

97



Lieutenant Charles made it very clear, however, that the patrolling of the city
would continue, to bring the citizens of eligible age who are violating the
Obligatory Military Service Law into the recruitment center.

Young people of military service age who have not registered or who go from
one province to another without authorization from the respective centers are
in violation of that act. Also punishable under the law are young men who have
signed up and who do not report for duty to defend the country, or those who
have already been assigned to a military unit and who desert and go home,

Final Accounting

At this time, the enlistment slips are being collected, after which there will
be a meeting to take an overall accounting of the most recent registration cam-
paign for obligatory military service in Sofala Province.

The meeting is scheduled for this week, barring the unforeseen, and will be
attended by the leaders of the brigades and representatives of the organs involved
in the process.

At the same meeting, the participants will study the action to be taken during
the following phase (induction), which will also call for detailed preparations
and should involve various party and state organisms, The entire process will
culminate in a farewell party for the young men who have been called up to
defend the Mozambican nation.

Good Results in Zambezia

Registration for obligatory military service in Zambezia Province proceeded
satisfactorily, since the young people responded very positively, we learned
from Antonio Matias, political commissioner of the Military Recruitment Center
for that region, when he apoke with our reporter a few days agow

The success of the recently-ended campaign is owing to the intensive work of
mobilization and public education on the importance and objectives of SMO.

“Many young men reported to our registration posts, which demonstrates their
high level of political awareness, because it is only with the massive engagement
of the young people that we can fill the ranks of the FAM/FPLM [Mozambican Armed
Forces] and insure the physical elimination of the armed bandits," our informant
said.

According to Antonio Matias, throughout the process, the party and state organs
participated actively in the mobilization brigades and in the search for solu-
tions to possible problems that could jeopardize the program. The registration
officers were organized and received training beforehand, and this also con~
tributed to the success achieved in Zambezia.

However, the shortage of transportation and communications means was noted as

a problem hampering the delivery of leaflets and registration slips, as well
as the collection of statistical data.

38