JPRS~SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

FINANCE MINISTER SAYS MORE SKILLED PEOPLE NEEDED -

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Jun 85 p 11

[Text]

cso:

: INCREASED power and
authority for all popula-
ition groups within the
local .context, would re-
‘quire, inevitably in-
creased . responsibility,
skill and. productivity,
| according to the Minister
of Finance, Mr Barend du
Pig ie
to the 28th. conference of
‘the Institute. of Town
Clerks of Souther Africa
in Pretoria yesterday, Mr
“Du Plessis said the new
“constitutional _-dispensa-
“tion bad. to be imple-
mented administratively
“on local level as well, and

3400/421

- Clerk. He discussed fac-
tors which could contrib-
ute to an improvement in
the planning capability of
local authorities.

As far as the need for a
reappraisal of the devel-
“opmient and ‘application
of - modern budgeting
techniques at the local
authority level was con-
cerned, Mr Du Plessis
said the preparation of
‘the budget should follow
functional lines and each
local authority should de- ,
vise its budget in accord-
ance with its particular
needs. t

He added that it was es- |
sential that the -budget :

“Iwas accessible to, '-and
easily understood. by the

responsible’ é authorities,

officials and the pub- |

ir Du Plessis said the
of the Town Clerk as '
ief executive and ad- :

isation of the available fi-
mances was concerned. |
a “budgetary
systems could’ contribute ;
greatly to enhanced pro: :
-ductivity. 0 :
“Mr ‘Du Plessis ‘said if
interaction could ©
be achieved atthe local.
egothority level,;the prob- |
“lems at the level of central ;
* :Government © would " be |
considerably eased.

56



Union. ‘The 10-point code of ethics states, among other’ things, that members
of the Press Union of Liberia shall consider all persons equal before the law
and shall. not be (?swayed) in the performance of our duties by political, eco-
nomic, racial or religious convictions, but must ‘be guided only by facts and
fairness. “It also requires all-members of the press to be strong in their
moral conviction and never write, publish,’ or broadcast anything that goes
against our professional conscience.

€S0: 3400/396

22



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Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
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b the” redesigning of the
S "Black education system;
@ Repeal of the Group
' Areas ‘Act. with market
. ‘forces being left to dictate
Heer level of intergration,

control.

igont

‘property ownership for
! Blacks because of it’s im~

‘on “social stability, H

capital 1 formation and in

developing understanding |
tof the free enterprise sys- ‘

+ tem,” said Prof Nasser.
In analysing Black
' ‘ticipation in political
‘ sion-making, the -think-
© tanks » ‘concluded that
‘maximum devolution of
{power with:a limiting of
{central Government pow-
er was the possible direc-
; thon to follow. ‘The way to

“Analysing education,
the think-tanks concluded
J that the creation of a sin-

18 cdcational authorities
iat present—‘was a funda-
10 positive change
‘African

-cio-economic needs of the
community; ~

“@ More cateer aind voca-

cso: 3400/420

@ Sorapping at influx

“In our ‘view, no other :
i jsgue “was tas urgent as °

Ligle ‘ministry as against |

tional training at school’

; @ Flexibility in. the
school curriculum so that
} it may be changed accord-
re ing, ‘oomninpower needs,
| an .

te Cognitive skills devel- |
L opment and greater use of |
educational technology.

Decisions

“The think tanks recog-
&«nised South Africa’s long
¥: history of the demand for
+ racial separation, but still
: { Teoonumended that
iroup Areas Act ‘be re-
‘peed ”’ said Prof Nas-
: sep. “However, ‘they felt
ithe issue of integration or
® separation should be left
' to market forces.- It -was
- also felt that group areas
t policy decision’ should be
 devoluted to local com- '
+ munities.”

ting:
y * implement ‘these -guid-
“ines. Results” are “-ex-
| ested in Novertber, 3

: “mitted workforce and the '
£ ‘only way they are going to
;, be committed is if they
| -have.a vested interest in ,
the system -

65



infrastructure affected by drought and floods in recent months. Others to
benefit from the assistance will include more severely affected districts in
Shinyanga, Mwanza, Tabora and Dodoma regions. WFP will also provide 472
tonnes of wheat to generate funds for defraying up to 50 per cent of the
internal transport and handling of the 8,392 tonnes of maize intended for
distribution. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 May 85 p 3]

CSO: 3400/417

76



cso:

ment contesting for the
posts of departmental
chairman and secretary.

© The local Electoral
Committee shall supers

worker of a given depart-
|
!

the elections at the de- |

partmental level.

© During departmental |
elections, a simple majo- |
rity of votes determines |
the winner to a post. |

ELECTION OF THE
EXECUTIVE COMMIT.

Filing of Nomination:-

Nomination shall be fil-
ed by any worker of the
establishment to contest
for any of the executive
committee positions, viz;
coordinating chairman, ee-
cretary, organizing secre-
tary and treasurer.

© Nomination forms
shall be made available by
the Electoral Committee.

e@ Each nomination
must be supported by at
least, one worker from,
two-thirds of the total
number of departments in
the establishment.

© After nominations the
list of contestants shall be
displayed conspicuously
for the attention of work-

ers.
Vetting of Contesting
didates:-

‘A general meeting of all
workers shall be called
to vet all contestants.
Questions as to integrity,
dedication, commitment
to the on-going process,
respect for the collective
view, etc; are posed by the
electorate to ascertain the
leadership qualities of the
candidates.

Voting:-

© Voting shall be by se-
eret ballot. The counting
bf votes shall take place in
the presence of the electo-
rate, and the results de-
clared there. of

For purposes of eas;
identification of the candi-
dates, there shall be pro-
vided legibly written nu-
merical symbols,

eg. 2, 4,

4, |

10, ete., pinned*to the |

fronts of candidates who
shall then stand in the full
view of the electorate.

3400/409

© The Returning Officer
of the Electoral Commit-
tee shall provide an empty
ballot box to the electora-
te, and place it at a conspi-
cuous point for the receipt
of ballot papers, |
© A candidate wishing !
to withdraw his candidat-/
ure snail do so through ay
notice of withdrawal, tc
the Electoral Committee,
by himself or his proposer.

THE CDR COORDI-
NATING COMMITTEE
e The departmental
executives, together with
the 4-man elected Execu-

tive Committee shall con-
stitute a Coordinating
Committee for the esta-
blishment.

© The coordinating
‘committee is responsible
for general policy formula-
tion, but then they shall be
accountable to the consti-
tuent body of the CDR.

ASCENT TO HIGHER
POSITION

@ When a serving Exe-
cutive officer of the CDR is
elected or appointed to
serve on in a jer execu-
tive position, the incum-
bent shall relinquish his
former post. The ensucing
vacancy thus created shal
be filled in the established
manner for whichever level
it is applicable.

CONDITIONS FOR

‘WINNING AN
ELECTIONS

© In-all cases @ simple
majority of votes determi-
nes a winner.

‘© When only one candi-
date stands for a position,
he is not to be declared
‘un-opposed and therefore
an automatic winner. He
must be able to obtain not
less than sixty-five per
centum (65%) of the tota!
votes cast.

WORKERS
REPRESENTATION
ON MANAGEMENT

AND
COMMITTEES

© Workersrepresentati-
ves on management and
-other committees shal

elected by the general

12

meeting of the Workers’
CDR. Such persone auto:
matically become methb- ;
ers of the coordinatin|
committee of the CDR of '
the Establishment, and j
therefore accountable to it ;
‘and the general assembly ‘
of the CDR. j
© Should eny of such |
expat ofthe wear
expectati workers, |
he shall be made to re- |
spond to specific charges, :
and when
not acceptable, be removed
and a replacement made
cording to procedure.
© It is not also automa-
tic for serving CDR execu- |-
tives to be selected onto
the Management Commit-
tee or any other specialized
one.

COORDINATING ©
COMMITTEE OF CDRs

@ When a particular;
establishment has other}
branches -is a region, the’
various CDR executive
committees shall come to-

ether to constitute
istrict, and then Regio-
nal Coordinating Commit-
tee of the establishment.
With these structures in
place, a National Coordi-
nating Committee shall be
formed, for the establish-
ment.
__® For purposes of elect-
ing executive officers for
tl inating Commit-
tee of the CDRs, fat the
district level, itati-
ves of the Unit CDRs shall
adopt the procedure of fil-
ing of nomination and
other provisions under
‘ELECTION OF THE
EXECUTIVE COMMIT-
TEE’ in this nt.

© The same procedure
shall be applicable in the
formation of the Regional
and National Coordinat-
ing Committee of CDRs,
for any establishment.

ISSUED BY THE
MONITORING AND
COORDINATING DE-
PARTMENT OF_THE
OFFICE OF THE POLI-
‘TICAL COUNSELLOR
FOR THE ECONOMIC
‘DEVELOPMENT OF

CDRs.



PROPOSED BUDGET, CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS FOR ZANZIBAR

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 22 May 85 p 1

[Text]

THE Zanzibar’ House’ of Cloves Act.

Representatives begins a two-
week budget session in: Zanzibar
on May 28 to discuss the
1985/86 budget, the Clerk to the
House, Ndugu _Iddi Pandu
Hassan, said yesterday.

He told reporters in Zanzibar
that during the session three Bills
would be tabled before the House.
and 70 questions would be an-
swered by government ministries.

Ndugu Hassan couid _ not
specify when the budget .would
be announced during the session,
but indicated that under the con-
vention of the House it was likely
to be read on May 29, Shihata
Teported. -

During the 1985/86 ‘financial
year, Zanzibar expects to set aside
1,521,133,802/- for recurrent and
development expenditures and ex-
pects a revenue of
1,214,396,900/-.0 . * .

During the year, the thrust will
be to develop the private sector in
fisheries and tourism against a
background of the prevailing
poor economic situation. .

According to the 1985/86 Develop-
ment Plan, 565,092,000/- will be for

development expenditure while
956,041,802/-. will be for recurrent
‘expenditure. .

The plan also expects a recurrent
revenue of 821,394,900/- against a
development | “revenue of,
393,002,000/- of which 286,256m.+-
will bein the forms of grants and
long-term Joans.

A total of 88° development projects,
including 28 new ones and 60 carry
‘overs from. the current financial year,
are expected to be implemented.

Ndugu Hassan said the Bills to be
tabled include an amendment to the
1984 , Zanzibar Constitution, another

amendment to the Penal. Code, and a*

Bill to repeal and replace the 1970

The Constitutional Act Amendment.
Bill seeks to accommodate’ in Section
65 of the 1984 Zanzibar Constitution a
clause that there stiall be one elected
. Zanzibar Representative from every
Party mass organization in Zanzibar to
the House of Representatives. It_will
be tabled in.the House by the Chief
Minister, Ndugu Seif Shariff Hamad.

If passed, the’ representative will be

mass ofganisations, and The Act will
be effective from January 12, this year
when the Constitution.came into force.

‘The aim of the Bill is to implement
a directive by’ the Party National
Executive Committee (NEC), to in-
clude Party mass organisations in the
Union Parliamertt and the: House of
Representatives.

The inclusion in the Constitution of

the clause will also increase people's

representation in the House, the Bill
says.

"Before ‘the inclusion, the Con-
stitution stipulated that five r2presen-
tatives from ~ the Women’s
Organization (UWT) only would be
elected in the House.

The Penal Code Amendment Bill
‘seeks to change the title under Section
X to read: Corruption, ignoring office,
and offences of economic. sabotage.

The econdimic sabotage offences in-

demand, and causing loss to the
government and’ its: institutions.

‘The aim of the Bill, which will be
presented by the Minister of State in
the (Chief “Minister's. Office, Ndugu
Mohammed Fakhi, is to allow for
diterrent sentences for the offences and
to*abide by the Corruption Act which
has similar. offences under. Section X.

Under the Section, any person
found guilty of the offence will be

liable for a jail term of between three-

and ten years, or a fine of between
50,000/- and’ 150,000/- or both sen-
tences, the Bill says.

'A Bill seeking to repeal and replace
the 1970 Cloves Act, which will also

71

TANZANIA



In other words, SWAPO has ‘earned’ national prestige‘and ‘international recogni~
tion because it was able to define the political goals and objectives of our
revolution for national Liberation ‘and'to lay the. foundation of our future
strategy,’ by taking*into account the historical conditions prevailing in our
country, area, and continent. The Turnhalle puppet regime~+which South Africa
created‘ and ‘later ‘tried’ to impose upon the Namibian people, beginning in 1975--
failed ‘to win support among’ the Namibian people and ‘failed’ miserably. Pretoria's
latest attempt at’ creating a’ new version ‘of that‘ regime, under the form of a
so-ealled provisional: government will. certainly ‘be doomed to failure.

[Zamfirescu] What. are the immediate prospects’ of'‘the national liberation

’ struggle?’ What are SWAPO's plans of action to attain“its political goals?

[Toivo Ya Toivo] The Namibian people*led by SWAPO are determined to:.make new
and greater sacrifices fortheir freédom. They are prepared’ now, more than
ever before, to explore new?political, diplomatic, and military ‘avenues in
their noble andsacred effort to break“the ‘chains ‘of colonial domination.

‘SWAPO-supports. Angola's proposal included in the etter sent last year to the

United’ Nations and wants the. United*Nations to impose broad’ economic sanctions
against’ South Africa. We agree to discuss any*realistic’ political and diplo-
matic proposal capable of ‘leading’ to. Namibia's ~‘immediate’independence.

“Independent Namibia ‘will maintain good relations:with all countries,’ without

exception. We will:maintain economie relations with ‘South*Africa. From a geo-
graphical and historical viewpoint, we are bound’to that’ country. We. know
that the process of socialist construction in Namibia will be long; therefore,
we must ‘take “into” account ‘the historical conditions-in which we“intend to build
socialism.

[Zamfirescu]* In“conclusion, ‘we would like you, comrade Toivo Ya Toivo, to re-
fer to relations between: the RCP and SWAPO and’ to tell-us how the SWAPO leader-
ship values’ Romania's and President Nicolae Ceausescu's position on the Namibian
people's just cause. °

[Toivo ‘Ya Toivo] Relations between the RCP and SWAPO are'very'good. They have
covered a:long distance and have:developed continuously, :particularly as a re-
sult of ‘highlevel meetings ‘between Romania's President’ Comrade Nicolae

~ Ceausescu and. SWAPO Chairman’ Sam Nujoma.. “The SWAPO leadership and all the

Namibian people highly value the’all-round support-=political, diplomatic, moral,
and material~-granted’ by:your party’ and state:and‘ the friendly Romanian people.

I would’like ‘to express profound gratitude and thanks’ to the RCP, Socialist
Romania,’ and: particularly Coniradé Nicolae Ceausescu for their militant solidar-

daty with and’steady and full support for ‘the -just.struggle-of the Namibian
“people aimed at attaining their’ legitimate ideals of ‘freedom and “independence
: Sand against tmperialism, colonialism, racism, and‘ all forms of domination and
“oppression:’:As'a memberof the UN’ €ouncil for Namibia, Romania’has acted con~
: gistently: fer’ granting ‘independence to our people and observing their right to

self-determindation’and ‘free development. “The position adopted by the RCP and
Comrade ‘Nicolae ‘Ceausescu personally’ is a’ constant and-important ‘support for
us. > Our Iiberation movement and al1-SWAPO militants know how to appreciate
your “assistance. .

cso: 3400/387 a . 29



MUSOKOTWANE HINTS AT CIVIL SERVICE OVERHAUL

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 6 May 85 p 1

[Text]

To achieve these objectives,

he said, he will involve every- |

one at his disposal and will
continue to seek guidance
from his fellow leaders on nu-

merous issues that may crop -

up in his work.

“I will have to look at how
the civil service can be made
éffective and see whether we
can improve our agricultural
industry,”’ he said.

The prime Minister noted
that the country was under-
going a critical period which
required summoning expertise
and professionalism of all. its
nationals for the economy to
pick up. .

“As a nation, we should
woik together and see how
best we can run our econo-

: my,” he said pointing out that
the development of the econo-
° my will not depend on what he

will do during the term of offi-
ce but on what all the six

i

- Minister his office Ras been!

-gvertiight.

100

million people in the country ;
will have to offer in their vari- :
ours jobs, - !
He said the problems the na;
tion is currently facing are not -
entirely of its own making but ©
that they have stemmed from |
the tepercussions of the world- i
wide economic recession. |

“We will have to try hard. |
and influence the international |
comnuunity to see what impact
their decisions have on us,"”
he said.

Mr Musokotwane said hav-
ing been in his new office for !
just a few days, he could not!
commit himself into -announc-
ing what fresh strategies he
has in mind but was hopeful
that under the guidance of
President Kaunda and with
the assistance from ministers,
his work will be made easier.

He diclosed that after taking|
up the appointment as Prime!

flooded with over 300 letters
and over 70 telex messages all
carrying views on what People|
expected from him.

He said he will give due
consideration to every’ |
suggestion forwarded to ita
and apply some of thenr where}
possible adding that he ‘was'
open to receive anyone beca-
use he strongly feels that pen-
ple’s views should not be igno-
red.

The Prime Minister further
said that there was still a lot to
be done as an economic boom
was not expected to come

JPRS-SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA


cso:

and mobilisation of the women and the rural masses, to elevate their
involvement in the struggle.

It is also of vital importance that the organised detachments of our
revolutionary. movement, including our Party, should continue to
strengthen their presence among the people, and mobilise the masses to
address, in action, the question of the seizure of power.

The Congress fledged that the SACP would continue to work for the
further strengthening of the revolutionary alliance of the African National
Congress, the South African Communist Party and the South African .
Congress of Trade Unions, which is headed by the ANC. The delegates
hailed the fact of the growth in the strength and popularity of the ANC inside
ourcountry and the further heightening ofits prestige internationally. They
reaffirmed their confidence that the liberation alliance headed by the ANC
would carry out its historic mission of leading the masses of our country to
victory in the struggle for the seizure of power by the people and the success of
the national democratic revolution.

The Congress reaffirmed the urgent need to struggle for ajust and durable
world peace. It therefore welcomed the decision of the governments of the
USSR and the USA to resume discussion on the limitation and reduction of
stratégic nuclear weapons. Sas . .

It expressed its opposition to the continued deployment of Pershing and
cruise missiles in Western Europe and denounced the efforts of the Reagan
administration to gain military superiority over the Soviet Union. It called on
the people of the USA and the peace-loving peoples of the world to compel
this administration to abandon the bankrupt and dangerous policy of
brinkmanship. .

The participants pointed out that the biggest contribution that the
communists of South Africa can make to the cause of world peace and
international security is the defeat and destruction of the bellicose and
aggressive Pretoria regime.

The Congress paid solemn tribute to those members of the Party who had
died in the period since the last Congress. It made special mention of the last
Chairman of the SACP, the late Comrade Yusuf Dadoo who had served the
Party and the struggling people of South Africa with great distinction for
many decades.

It also saluted all political prisoners held by the apartheid regime, among
them many members of the Party. It went on to call for their immediate and
unconditional release. .

The Congress also extended its revolutionary solidarity to all forces
struggling for -national liberation, democracy, socialism and peace,
especially the people of Namibia, Western Sahara, Palestine, El Salvador,
Nicaragua and East Timor.

It agreed that the international situation demands the. convening of a
world conference of. the communist movement in order further to
strengthen the unity and effectiveness of this movement as well as the anti-
imperialist forces as a whole. :

The delegates adopted a new constitution to regulate the work and
functioning of the SACP. ~ .

They also elected a new Central Committee.

~Comrade Moses Mabhida was re-elected unanimously as the General
Secretary of the SACP. .

3400/397

36



JPRS-SSA-85-055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP WANTS. BOTHA NOT TO SIGN SECRET POLICE FUND BILL
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Jun 85 p 4

[Text] 'PRESIDENTS.
COUNCIL. -— The *

t ‘The Bill, which will en-
able the police to draw

‘funds ‘for secret projects, “
passed its second reading ‘opposed to the Bill. |
in the House of Assembly This is hardly surpris.
«and ‘the House ‘of Rep- oe cn terms of the,
aesentatives, Dut Was Tee Minister of Law and Or- |
by: the ‘House of der will be increased.” =!
[Ose y Mr “Rennie * said’ that |
FE Ie was then referred by while he actepted the ar- |
the State Président to the gument “that there “was |
President’s Council for a nothing in the Bill which '
decision. stated that a secret fund |
i Mr. ‘Rennie, *-in | his ‘would ‘be built up; there ©
‘speech, said he felt the ‘was nothing in the Bill to ;
Bill.-was an ‘unnecess [prevent it, and the secret
ipiece of ‘legislation: since activities “of ‘the police
iin terms of the Secret Ser- could conceivably‘ devel-
jvices Account Act,’ the lop beyond the control of
{police had been able to ant
{draw funds for secret pro-
“This, they have done

61



‘constitutionally elected civilian
authorities, more likely to
bury the Nato baby once and,
for all: thus the Tikelihood of
a South African alliance;
“fecedes still further. :
< Association between © the
South American nations and;
the settler colonialists '
:Africa:has in the past ‘taken: pr
jthe. form of aviation co-..°
“operation and cultiral- and
potting litks with Brazil,
Argentina, Chile, Bolivia,
Paraguay and Uruguay. In
fact, co-operation was so close:
that Paraguay and Bolivia at
one time offered European A
settlers in Rhodesia (now.Zim-
babwe) rights of relocation as
farmers’ in ‘their ‘vast  ter-.':
‘ritories.’ The relocation of ©
Rhodesians ‘actually took
place in Bolivia where thie In-
dian population was moved to, .
make room fof the im-::
migrants. The plans were set ,
for the settlement of around .;
150,000 European settlers. i
from Africa. cd

It was also because of this i
-close association that South :
Africa’s European allies in the + 4
“form of Nato seized on the oj
portunity to attempt the exten-.
sion of its hegemony south of
its operational perimeter at the;
Tropic of Cahcer,-into the.’
South Atlantic. As an essen-" -:
tially naval alliance, Sato was
to be composed of Argentina,’
Brazil, South Africa and

possibly Paraguay, Uruguay,

Oneaibly, the alliance was -:
sto keep the South Atlantic free
-of the Soviet navy and thus.“
Secure vital western sed lanes
However, the ‘idea of such a-/*
‘military’ alliance..has _since-"4
betome ‘a casudlity of the:
changing political realities ine i
ithe-hemispheres

The swearing-in of Vice
“president Jose Sarney in Brazil

in March, for example, mark-
ed the end of 21 years of.
military rule in that country.
ind an added oppoftunity for;
© Africa to keep Brazil uncom-"
{mited to South Africa; if not
gon Africa’s side.

On technology — Brazil has!
emerged as a leader in adap-
ting modern-:techhology : to
‘tropical conditions, the kind
of know-how that South.

*Aftica’ séek$ in the region.’

32

4 Such technology could be us-
|- for improving ‘South
Attica" 's arms industry. Thits;
maintaining Brazil’s_ pro-:
African stance — arid keeping
ay from South Africa +?
i to Africa’s interests:
t eS a matter of fact despite.
the death of Brazilian.
; President-elect. Tancredo-:
"Neves, all indicators show that,
© Brazil will continue to distance”
ritself. from South Africa
‘whatever. the composition of;
its government. Conimercial,.
* cultural and moral interests.
{dictate this. This is evidenced
“py Brazil’s billion dollar
: counter-trade with Nigeria and
the Ivory Coast and the March
, Visit of-the Brazilian naval
‘flotilla, headed by Rear Adm.
© Bdson Ferrucia, to Nigeria. *
ia Furthermore, joint -naval
exercises by the two nations
were planned amidst talk of an
Angola-Brazil-Nigeria_ naval
axis, “as reported by. the
“Nigerian newspaper, “‘‘The.
Gurdian,” on March 11. The
.idea behind this naval'axis, the
*South Atlantic | Ocean
; Organisation, ‘is to keep the:
Atlantic a super power-and |
‘nuclear-free zone; reported‘
*“The Guardian”.
Another ‘traditional Latin:
‘ American supporter of South :
“Africa, Argentina, has been }
‘Amplementing democratic ;
‘reforms and an anti-apartheid
posttire. The development in
Argentina has been a tradi- 4
tional influence on Uruguay. }
Argentina’s Casa Rosada,
“the presidential palace, has
been occupied by a dermocrat,.
Mr. Raul Alfonsin, since,
* 1983. He became a co-founder’
of the Permanent assembly for:
Human Rights shortly after
‘the military took over in 1976,
under Lt. Gen. Jorge Rafael
Videla. He objected to the
Malvinas/Falklands war andi
has pledged to tnake Argen-:
tina a world spokesman for
human rights and democracy.
Quite clearly Alfonsin’s com-
mitment offérs a chance for
Africa to hold him at his:
‘world, and to senstise Argen-
‘tinians to the massive abuse‘
‘and the lack of. these same:
qualities in South Africa.
Furthermoré, because!
Argentina is: reportedly,
capable of, producing a:



TOP BUSINESSMEN SAY INFLUX CONTROLS .MUST GO

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Jun 85 p 13

[Article by Erik Larsen]

[Text]

Malling productivity.
* Survey

"analysis thiik-tanks, com-
=prising top

executives
jfrom 103 of South Afri- ’

{6a’s major companies, are
:Part of the on-going Pro-

Free _ Enterprise
‘which began more than @ |

“The esearch and |

64

‘tanks
Faction
fully

jthat Black employees in

“Particular -- generally
iviewed «themselves “as
igrossly discriminated
;against by a system that
,channelled most of. the
‘profits made by compan-
ies into the pockets of the
4 The survey -found -a

ity, Bek
Realising

UTR
:
ia

[i
ili

u

&

¥.
A
at

il
F

HY

d

JPRS~SSA~85~055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


cso:

3400/3921

Mr Musokotwane who views’
his appointment as a challenge i
to the youth of Zambia pointed |
out that he will occasionally
liaise with the labour move-!
ment as they are also a vital:
conrponent in the development |
of the country,

Asked whether he succee
ded in his previous appoint.
ment as Minister of Finance,
Mt Musokotwane said during
his ternt of office as Finance
Minister he made a number of
decision which made him un-
popular but never regrets be-
cause some of the decisions
have been workable and pro--
ving good to the economy of
the country.

He cited the ban on peuple
tavelling abroad. for shopping
as a way of curbing misuse of
foreign exchange and wiping
out of tax on farmers as some
of the decisions he made which
have proved fruitful to the na-
tion,

“I cannot really say I suc-
ceeded or failed as minister of
Finance but I will leave it to
the People themselves to jud-
ge." he said.

He admitted, however, ‘that
the Ministry of Finance gave
him headaches and pointed
out that among his other pre-
vious appointments, he was
satisfied in the Ministries of
Youth and sport and General
Education and Culture.

101



Economic Growth and Change

Despite the relative quiescence of the sixties, the structural changes in
employment, output and the impact of mechanisation during the decade
and into the seventies, belied the surface “calm”. Indeed the processes at
work ‘were corrosive to the existing political suppression and form of
industrial relations control. In the space of twenty five years, between 1951
and 1976, all the social contradictions that had previously been on the
agenda multiplied incalculably as foreign investment advanced to sustain
the economy. By 1980, 2000 foreign companies including 65 transnationals
had extended their operations to South Africa. Domestic concerns,
conglomerates and monopoly capital separately or in co-operation
combined to sustain the regime, defend it internationally and determine its
strategies. In return, the state (in close collaboration with the military) acted
to secure the appropriate conditions for the reproduction of monopoly
capital and organise itself to contain the rural poor and the unemployed. At
the same time it developed strategies to cope with the impact of the armed
struggle and internal resistance to class and national oppression. By the time”
Soweto flared up into revolt, the level of growth had surpassed all the
calculations of the regime’s numerous ideologues and social planners, as the
following table shows: :

Growth of employment in manufacture:

1951 1970 1976
Total employment 536,275 1,095,577 1,362,079
Output per man (rands) 1,189,381 3,101,889 4,517,513
Av. value of machinery
per man (rands) 885 1,481 1,639

The impact of the change was felt in the seventies, when wages fell in
relation to inflation; the cost of food escalated and so did the cost of clothing
and transport. Between 1958 and 1971, prices rose by 40%. During that time,
those who were in employment — euphemistically styled structurally or
technically or seasonally out of work — became increasingly desperate.

‘The industrial expansion produced a new level of determination and
militancy among the urban working class and has not abated since it started
at the end of 1972, except for brief pauses.

The new militant unionism
The 1973 strikes that heralded the Wiehahn legislation are, on their own,a
special chapter of South African labour history. Their significance lies in the
scale of strike action — 165,000 workers struck work in Durban in the course
of the year, beginning in January with the brick workers, whose 61,000
strikers demanded a rise from R8 to R20 and marched in a demonstration
with a red flag before them (for the trafic, they explained!) They did not get
all of the rise they wanted but their mass confrontation with the employers
and their unity led to their victory and set the scene for other struggles and
important victories. 7

The wave of militancy was too powerful for the employers to respond to
with customary force. Moreover the changes in technology and their higher
return on capital (profits) made it easier for them to absorb the increase in
wages that the workers had won. Mechanisation in the future would mean
fewer workers and the process of intensified mechanisation therefore

42



JPRS-SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

EMERGENCY FOOD AID NEEDED IN LUANGWA DISTRICT

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 8 May 85 p 1

[article by Austin Chijikwa]

[Text]

MORE. than 9,000 people in Luangwa district and in
\Chief Shikabeta’s area in Lusaka Rural.are starving and
many lives may be lost if relief food is not delivered within

two months.

Luangwa governor
Mr Stanslaus Nyam-
kandeka told me that
the hunger situation
which was caused by
the destruction of
crops. by floods was
reaching frightening
proportions.’

Out of a population of

about 12,000 people, more
than 9,000 were in crying
need of emergency aid and
he feared that if relief
supplies were not forth-
coming within the next two
months they would die.
Some villagers _ had
‘managed to harvest few”
bags of maize but these
were already running out.
The situation has been
aggravated’ by ‘monkeys

which are. _destroyin;
cotton fields. from whic!
farmers hoped to raise
money to buy food. .

DESTROYED

In what villagers said
was a “strange develcp-
ment’’, monkeys have
resorted to eating green
cotton bails.

ZAMBIA

I found a group of monkeys in the council farm and was shown thousands of cot-
ton balls which were destroyed by the animals.

"This is double fate:

Our situation is critical.

Monkeys ‘have resorted’ to
eating cotton balls and we have no hope that we will have yields," said Mr
Nyamkandeka as the monkeys were scampering from the field.

The Party in the area was compiling a list of the worst affected families in
all the 15 wards for submission to higher authorities.

The governor expressed
bitterness with the Zambia
Red Cross Society for not
helping the hunger-stricken
peasants.

The society had asked
the district authorities to
give them statistics in
November last year. These
were supplied but nothing
had been forthcoming.

* 84

“The Red Cross Society
has taken us for a ride. If
jt was not able to help,
then why- ask for stati-
stics?”” he said.

He commended the _
Christian Children’s Fund
(CCF) for its efforts to hep
children with uniforms. and
other school requirements.



Using the same reasoning, Pedro Mutinde, provincial commissioner of Cunene,
stated a few hours later at a rally in the city that, even though Ndjiva was
in ruins, there was no cause to lose hope, that there were people, as in the
USSR, who have witnessed the destruction of many cities and millions of human
beings but that, in the end, the enemies of the people have always been
defeated. - soe '

And in fact, when we landed at the Ndjiva airport, we found in the faces of
the FAPLA combatants as well as in those of the people in general thé same
look of determination and courage as that which they had always’ displayed,

a look which, if anything, was even more frightening to a foreigner. In any
case, the spirit of those people is like an iron which cannot be melted no
matter how high the temperature.

We saw no sad faces. While the inhabitants were not cheerful, their eyes
expressed only hatred for an enemy who had destroyed their possessions, and
determination, even in those circumstances, not to abandon the land where they
were born and had lived, rebuilding it against the tide of difficulties which
must be overcome. We were greatly touched by those difficulties, to the point
where, at times, we were unable to speak; Lieutenant Colonel Kafuxi expressed
it this way at the rally: "It is not easy to speak.at difficult moments like
these when, in fact, these moments are weighing heavily on our shoulders."

"But," Pedro Mutinde said, "we.are no longer a martyred people; rather, we
are a heroic people, for we were born amidst struggle and are growing up
amidst struggle. We fear neither death nor sacrifice, for we have learned
that the construction of scientific socialism requires sacrifices, including
death, if necessary,"

FAPLA Remains Alert

It is that’ spirit of concern which we saw reflected among the rank and file
and in the faces of the military leaders and soldiers stationed in that area.
It is here that we found troops not only well-prepared but also calm, their
only concern being vigilance.

At a camp in the vicinity of Ndjiva, we met Capt Zeca Samukongo, head of the
joint committee's general staff representing Angola, who brought us up-to-date
on the military situation. He told us that certain South African troops had
withdrawn toward Namibia as of 16 April, abandoning the areas of Namakunde,
Chiedi, Kuamato, Mulemba and Melunga. Lastly, the battalion supporting the
South African side of the joint committee followed suit.

However, as he stated, South African troops are still stationed in Angolan
territory in:Calueque (12 km from the border), numbering about 150 men, the
equivalent of a company. South African troops are also stationed in Ruacana
on the other side of the border and along the territorial boundary line
between Angola and Namibia. ~

Questioned about the development of the military situation in the near
future, Captain Zeca said: "We are not stupid enough not to prepare our



Drive To Counter Negative Image of Black Education
(THE CITIZEN, 8 Jun 85) ..ccecececscervcccncscccecccsceces

Secret Rightist Organization Inside NG Church
(DIE BURGER, 25 May 85). ccccecvcccccncvcrcscsccesvscecces

Nation's Jews Launch New-Galilee Project in Israel
(THE CITIZEN, 5 Jun 85) wreccccceccccsscvcvcvcccccceceeeee

Youth Organization Presumably Extension of Volkswag
(DIE BURGER, 24 May 85) sesscevceccccvccevcereceescesseoes

Finance. Minister Says More Skilled People Needed
(THE CITIZEN, 5 Jun 85) ..eceececeeces

Dutch Government Donates Money for School
(SOWETAN,. 6 Jun 85) cescccceccvcccccccecccceccscerseeseees

High Levels of Deadly.Chemical Found in Natal Marine Life
(THE CITIZEN, 6 Jun 85) secccevccccccsecccccccccsnseresces

New Secret Society Calls for Exclusive Afrikaner State

(DIE BURGER, 23 May 85). secccesveccccececccrcsrececeeesoes,

PFP Wants Botha Not To Sign Secret Police Fund Bill
(THE CITIZEN, 6 Jun 85) ssvcasccccsccccceecccescoevees

Millions of Rands Earmarked for Eastern Cape
(THE: CITIZEN, 7 Jun 85) .

Top Businessmen Say Influx Controls Must Go
(Erik Larsen; THE CITIZEN, 7 Jun 85) sscecccceccsevceereee

Revitalized Local Authorities Slated, Demarcation Board Set
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 5 Jun 85) eescccesecscvscveces

Louw Wants Small, Efficient Civil Service
(Brian ‘Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 8 Jun 85) ..eccecsececcevceres

Kentron Distinguishes Itself in Sophisticated Weapons Development
: (SALVO, May: 85). ssccesccevscccccosvcecccesccenecs

TANZANIA

Proposed Budget, Constitutional Amendments for Zanzibar
(DAILY. NEWS, 22 May 85) .cscccccccccceccccnvcsscssvccvcces

New Trade Policy for Zanzibar Announced
(DAILY NEWS, 24 May 85) ....

Kimario Says Defense Policy Under Review
(DAILY NEWS, 20 May 85) .scscceacccscccvccccccecssccscoses

-e-

50

51

53

54

56

57

58

59

61

63

64

66

68

70

7

73

74



industrial negotiation through bureaucrats of the Bantu Labour Office.

The South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) functioned under
the most rigid attempts by employers and the state to institutionalise a
bureaucratic system of racist industrial relations. SACTU grew in defiance of
the harsh anti-trade union legislation of the time, which entrenched racist
"job reservation, recognised NO African trade unions and offered advisory
works committees instead. Employers,bureaucrats and police combined to
provide a classically repressive structure for the management of black
workers. Meanwhile, the last Act of the 50’s legislated against strikes and
legally registered black trade unions.

Wiehahn in Perspective

Between Wiehahn and the early sixties, the period of the greatest economic
growth and technological change, the regime was characterised by the most
rigorous national oppression and class confrontation. The former was
accompanied by the tightening of labour-regulating mechanisms (labour
bureaux — influx controls — pass laws) in order to canalise the workforce
and supply labour to the developing sectors of the economy, especially to the
transnational and other foreign investors, whose capital has invaded the
mining, automobile, textile, hosiery, petroleum, chemical, capital goodsand
engineering industries between the Sharpeville and Soweto uprisings. By the
beginning of the eighties, total foreign investment had gone over the 25
billion dollar mark and manufacturing alone accounted for 43% of the total
foreign investment in 1973 — the year that proved to be a watershed in the
history of the democratic trade union movement.

In that year, the class confrontations were characterised by the 1973 strike
waves and their aftermath. These were directly linked to the economic
growth of the sixties and early seventies, in which profit rates rose to 25%
(compared to 14% in some developing countries and as low as 4% in the
advanced industrial countries), Gigantic changes in the structure of capital
accompanied this growth. This took the form of large-scale replacement of
men by machines ‘and the massive recruitment of women’s labour as
mechanisation changed the labour processes and rendered the work more
monotonous and the least well paid.

A new army of unemployed emerged frorn capital’s assault on the cost of
production. One million Africans were unemployed in the sixties and,
between then and the present, the figure has risen to 3 million, nearly a
quarter of the workforce." The armies of unemployed added to the
populations of the bantustans, in effect, domestic labour colonies where the
inhabitants, already rightless and voteless, were also deprived of their
citizenship.

The state assisted this process by revising the institutional machinery of

- national oppression and revamped the urban areas legislation, the pass laws
and the system of labour bureaux to “harmonise” (i.e. coerce) workers to
supply ‘their labour power to employers where it was most needed,
irrespective of the level of wages or individual choice. Whilst the regime
extolled the virtues of the free market, it institutionalised a system of force and
compulsion in the labour market that has few, if any, equals in the world.

However much the new labour relations system might be projected as a package that
“deracialises” capitalism, collective bargaining is totally undermined so long as it is
accompanied by any form of institutionalised command over the labour force. Workplace

39


JPRS-SSA~85~-055

1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

KENTRON DISTINGUISHES ITSELF IN SOPHISTICATED WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT

Pretoria SALVO in English May 85 p 17

[Text]

cso:

WHEN Armscor showed up at FIDA ’84

in Chile last year, the rest of the exhibi-_

tors were astounded at the sophistication
of South Africa’s weaponry.

It was the Kukri air-to-air missile which
attracted the most attention. In fact, the
system was described as being “ten years
ahead of anything produced in either the
East or West”.

Kentron was the subsidiary responsi-
ble for the development of this sophisti-
cated. weapon.

As a member of the Armscor Group,
the subsidiary is also responsible for the
development, manufacture, testing and
maintenance of guided-missile systems,
optical systems and components.

Kentron’s history dates back to 1968
when a team of specialists began research

“in the field of missile technology. Their

goal was to make South Africa indepen-
dent in the field of guided-missile and
related weapon systems. Kentron was es-
tablished ten years later.

3400/386

Expansion has been so rapid that Ken-

tron now manages two plants:
KENTRON-IRENE, near Pretoria,
accommodates most of the simulation,
electronic, aerodynamic and fine
mechanical development, testing and
production facilities.
— ELOPTRO, Kentron's plant near
Kempton Park, develops and manufac-
tures optical and electro-optical equip-
ment and components.

In addition to these, Kentron also
manages the SADF's test range at St
Lucia, where tests are carried out on
weapon systems.

Kentron completed South Africa’s own
guided air-to-air missile system only a
year after its establishment. This was
soon followed by the 127 mm artillery
rocket system. For these technical
achievements Kentron was granted the
prestigeous National Award of the As-
sociated Scientific and Technical Socie-
ties of South Africa.


[Text]

CSO: 3400/394
|

‘PRESIDENT . KAUNDA - was
yesterday conferred with a
memorial. medal.on the occa-

‘ siun: oft thé; 40th anniversary

of the liberation of Czechoslo-
vakia, |”

Presenting the - medal
to the President at State
House Czechoslovak... amba-
ssador, to Zambia. Mr Josef
Gandel said the medal was a
great honour from the Central
Committee of his country.

He described. Dr Kaunda
as true son of Africa whose

good leadership qualities have .

been applauded all over the
world,

Ambassador Gandel also
pointed out that Dr Kaunda
has maintained good relations
between the leadership of Cze-
choslovakia and Zambia.

Di Kaunda latér called for
closet cooperation. between
the two countries and empha-
sised the need for concerted
efforts to fight forces of repre-
ssivn and opptession.:

He ~ told Ambassador
Gandel thar Zambia will al-
ways cherish the honour he
has been bestowed with.

“This is a great honour
we shall always cherish as a
nation and as. an individual,””

KAUNDA RECEIVES CZECHOSLOVAKIAN MEMORIAL MEDAL

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 10 May 85 p 1

he told his audience which
included Party Secretary-
General, Grey Zulu, Prime
Minister, Kebby Musokotwa-
ne and Secretary of State for
Defence and Security, Alex
Shapi. .
Dr Kaunda said- Zambia
was vey grateful to the people
and leadership of Czechuslo-
vakia pointing. out that the
honour given to“him was in
fact an honour: to the people
of Zambia to whom he is inde-
bted. .
Meanwhile, President Kau-
nda has praised Czechoslove-

‘Kia forthe important” rife:

she: has: played in the fight
for victory over Nazism and
‘Fascism and her continued
-support for the struggling
peoples of the world. still’.
under oppression.

Ina message to Czechoslo-
vak President Dr. Gustav Hu-
sak on the occasion of the 40th
annivetsary of the liberation’
of that country, Dr. Kaunda
said Zambia applauded and.

saluted the heroic achieve-~

ments of the people of Czecho-
slovakia.

The President who wished
his counterpart continued
personal good health»

79

JPRS-SSA~85~055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA


234078
JPRS-SSA-85-055
1 July 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

{DTIC QUALITY INSFECTED 2

eta

‘0

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| REPRODUCED BY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL “SR

|
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INFORMATION SERVICE |
ee sei Spproved for public release;
Distribution Unlimited

MF
Ago



CSO:

3400/389

Gen Masheke took over
at a time when the defunct
national. defence _ force
was disbanded in 1980 and
the new Zambia -Army did
not have: a clearly defined
direction.

It: required a lot of
strength and vision by the
commander to make firm
decisions and implement
them without undue ex:
ternal influence of biased
considerations.

Gen Mashekée had suc-
cessfully resisted _ the
numerous temptations of
his office. There were many
demands from various in-
terests and pressure groups:

““The. office of army
commander is such a vital
pivet in the nation that it
can, if not properly manag-
ed, disturb the country’s
stability and progress. This
is most undesirable and
must be fought with all
strength,” Gen. Tembo
said.

This was what his
predecessor had done
which was why his name
was now synonymous with
the Zambia Army.

105



LESOTHO

Briefs
World. Food Program Aid .

LIBERIA

LUP Chairman Ready To Present Partisan List To Secom
(ELWA, 28 May 85) secceccccccssccenccsensccereessteeeessees

Press Union Sets Up Legal Defense Fund
(BLWA, 31 May 85) .cccevcevenccvccvevcevevesvcnceecessecess

Government. Warns Public Employees Against Strike
_.” (Abidjan Domestic Service, 4 Jun 85) cscscccecscvcncececece

Briefs
FRG Pledges Economic Aid
Student. Demonstrators Stand Trial
Benin Donates Corn
NAMIBIA

Commentary on Caprivi Constitution
(Addis Ababa. Voice of Namibia, 5 Jun 85) ..ccccccccevcccece

SWAPO General Secretary on Necessity of ‘Armed Struggle'
(Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo Interview; LUMEA, No 22, 30 May 85)

SWATF Kills 7 SWAPO, Cites 'Recruiting' Drive
(SAPA, 6 Jun 85) sseccccccceccvcvcevccccvcecceveeseccesenes

SOUTH AFRICA

Deteriorating Relations With South American Nations Discussed
(Olu Sarr; THE KENYA TIMES, 11 May 85) ...cesscceeceevceees

Communist Party Holds Sixth Congress
(THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST, 1985) ...scccccvcecccucvcvcvccceces

Dramatic Growth of Democratic Trade Union Movement
(L.. N., Machlalela; THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST, Second Quarter

1985) cececcecccenctentenseeneseneeceteneeesteessessensees

Business Welcomes Free Trading Plan
(THE CITIZEN, 5 Jun 85) wecceccccccescceccceesceecceerenees

Committee To Probe Indian Land Requirements Welcomed
(THE GRAPHIC, 24 May 85) .cecscccecccccccecvcccvcvcvcvesens

Big Boost for Indian Education
(THE. GRAPHIC, 24 May 85) .ccceeccsvcvecccevccccccevsenseees

-b-

19

20

pal

23

24
24
24

25

28

30

31

34

37

46

47

49


JPRS~SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

NEW EDITORS ANNOUNCED--President Kaunda has appointed ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL Editor-
in Chief Mr Komani Kachinga to head the TIMES newspapers in the same capacity.
In the same move, Dr Kaunda has appointed acting TIMES Newspapers Editor-in-
Chief Mr Cyrus Sikazwe, as substantive editor-in-chief of the MAIL. . Both
appointments are with immediate effect. Mr‘Kachinga, formerly editor-in-chief
of the Zambia News Agency (ZANA) was' appointed to head the MAIL in 1981.

Mr Sikazwe started his. journalism career with the ZAMBIA. MAIL, forerunner of
the ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, ‘in 1967 and’in 1969 moved to the TIMES OF ZAMBIA where
he served in various capacities ‘including that of editor’ for the SUMDAY TIMES
OF ZAMBIA. He received his newspaper management training from the International
Institute for Journalism in Berlin. [Text] [Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English
24 May 85 p 1]

NAMWALA ELECTION NULLIFIED--A‘Lusaka High Court yesterday nullified the election
of Mr Biggie Nkumbula as member of Parliament for Namwala constituency because

of the large-scale corruption and bribery that characterised his victory in the
last presidential and parliamentarian polls. Mr Justice Ayadurai Sivanandan

said there was overwhelming evidence of bribery, illegal practices and

corruption against’ Mr Nkumbula. Mr Nkumbala, who is son of late veteran politician
Mr Harry Nkumbula was petitioned by. Lusaka Rural Provincial Political Secretary
Mrs Lily Monze.- Judge Sivanandan’ said Mrs Monze proved that Mr Nkumbula and his
agents who: included prominent ‘Namwala businessman Edward Munyinda, committed
several ‘acts of corruption and ‘bribery to win the Namwala seat on 27 October 1983.
He described Mr Nkumbula's witnesses as "shameless liars" who testified merely

to scandalise Mrs Monze. Mr Justice Sivanandan singled out Billie Shamani,
assistant veterinary officer, who°claimed not to understand English but gave
evidence that Mrs Monze gave"him K600 to give K60.each to eight chiefs at a
ceremony that never materialised. The judge said Mrs Monze's star witness
Richard Maseka who campaigned ‘and was’ Mrs'Nkumbula's polling agent was corroborated
by ‘several others who admitted’ receiving-some K40 weekly and free beers at

Mr Munyinda's bar after campaigns.--ZANA. [Text]. [Lusaka “ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL

in English 30 May 85 p 1]

BREAD SHORTAGE HITS LUSAKA--Bread, which of late has been in short supply, has
completely run‘out of consumer shops including those belonging to the state.

A snap survey carried out in Lusaka yesterday showed that bakeries had no

[word indistinct] and most of them were concentrating on making sweet rolls.
Shelves at ZCBC, NIEC, and Mwaiseni were empty of. the commodity while some outlets

106



called for’ the'Balkanisation of Namibia. - We‘call-upon:the people of Namibia to
continue rejecting any dismembering: of. our. country:into “bantustans, and in the
same vein SWAPO salutes the patriotic. Namibian people*in ‘the:eastern part of
Namibia who: have’ and’ continue to. oppose this ‘diabolic’ scheme of racist South
Africa.

The boer scheme -isaimed’at’ weakening ‘the fighting capability: of the People's
Liberation Army ’of"Namibia,. plan, in:accomplishing:its noble:task’ of liberating
every inch of Namibia. Agreeing.*to’this diabolic.:plan is’ tantamount to dis~
honoring:our ancestors’‘and compatriots: who: have gallantly fought’ colonial domi-
nation atid have ‘sacrificed-at'the eastern ‘front for ‘the-total liberation of
Namibia as a‘unitary state.

SWAPO calls ‘upon ‘the international community’ to-reject and’condemn ‘in strongest
terms: South Africa's ‘intrigues.- The international community . should not be
blinded ‘with ‘the smokescreen: of the’ puppet “interim* government in Windhoek only.
It should see“through this’ screen South Africa's evil. scheme ‘to’ Balkanise
Namibia and remain the cause of permanent insecurity.inTMthe*region. Thus the
so-called constitutional development in eastern Namibia’ must be rejected, con~
demned, .and’ stopped -at’.all: costs. We-in SWAPO will continue ‘to fight until the
whole of Namibia, from'the'Kunene ‘River «in the’north to the Orange River in the
south, from the Zambezi River in ‘the east to the Atlantic seaboard in the west
until ‘total’ liberation of our country. Everything and‘every-effort for the
struggle... All for final victory.

cso: °3400/387

27



POLAND OFFERS AID PACKAGE FOR AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURING

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 6 May 85 p 1

[Text]

POLAND has

a package economic deal

_ ord lllons of Kwacha to strengthen agucultaral dove
manufacturing sector.

_ lopment and the
Leader of the Polish |

ry delegation Mr Zi-

(Bien Gory Gertych said. in : Livingstone ‘yesterday that ne;
on with Zambia to identify which fields

mood Polisira assistance.

aboard.the Makumbi cruise boat on the Zam-

bezi River, ae Gentyeh said the Polish government was
prepared to invest millions of Kwacha into development

projects in Zambia.

Mr Gertych. ance
tiations are: completed which
include trade pacts, Poland
would plough some of its re-
sources: into. agriculture, mi-

teams fe
nt . of ‘copper pra-

ducts.
He said, other projects
being discussed are steel

al
cee
8
g
2
8

‘adding that it was up to Zam-

bia to identify the areas. in
which Pash asistane is nee-

most.

oe otter has already been
made to.the Zambian govern-
ment and talks are going on
over trade pacts and technical
assistance and it is hoped the
current visit will help con-
clude these discussions as we
have come to get dg no

tact sighed Mr Gettych
signed,

said his pn would nego-

beet to 9 buy from Zambia such.

fon ifr, which be he eid as of gh sah

qui ality, . other

raw Yanerials ‘ould be ‘im:

Poland would be interested
in importing

Gerty<

would be erected’ in Taper

ting ¢ direct from -

bia wi at the same time

assisting the nation in setting

up its own copper processing
a

“Being a nation exploited
under colonialism for many
decades, Zambia has taken
impressive and valuable stri-
des in its political, social. and
economic structural organisa-
tion, ne the Polish parliamen-

tay acer Southern Pravince
member of the Céntral Come
mittee, Mr Mungoni
applauded the Cucellent
political and econamic rela-
tions between Poland ana
Zambia.

Mr Lisa said Zambia
hada fair share of the Polish
community who were. contri-
buting to the development ‘of
the nation in many spheres

86

JPRS-SSA~85~-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA


COURT REFUSES TO HEAR ZCTU SUIT AGAINST SUBSCRIPTION LAW

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 15 May 85 p 1

[Text]

AN APPEAL by the Zambia Congress of Trade Unions
(zcTU). against the government for the invocation of Sta-
-tutory Instrument Number Six which empowers the: state
to stop deductions. of union subscriptions. for workers: who

go on illegal
High Court.

‘tice Anthony Lawrence: said
the: decision made by the go-

cvernment to enforce Statutory

Instrument Number. Six

“early this. year, could not be

questioned by his court
because it was made under.
statutory powers.

The decision also seemed
tu be. based on policy and.
the Minister of. Labour. and

Sacial Services, Mr _Frede--
tick: Hapnnda, who signed the

statutory instrument, could
only be accountable to Par-
liament, judge " Lawrence:
explained.

-He was making a. ruling on
the “legal. battle between the
ZCTU and the~ government:
in which the former were as-
King: the court to declare.
Statutory Instrument Number

Six. null and ‘void becauseTM

Mr~Hapunda had no power.
or jurisdiction to: make the
order.

The ZCTU, through its:

lawyer, Mr Stephen Malama
of Jacques~-and- Partners,
further contended that: Statu-

tory Instrument — Number~

Six infringed on the rights
of. the labour: movement and
was not in accordance with the
laws of the land.

But this was strongly conte-

was: yesterday dismissed: by the Kitwe:

." High Court Judge, Mr Jus- sted by acting. parliamentary
ig! ig" . te 'y 8. .

ri? :
Kinariwala. for “the | State,
who urged the court to uphold
the decision’ made by the

government in. enforcing: Sta-.

tutory Instrument Number
Six, saying it was aimed at.
discouraging trade’ unions.
from: advocating — for’ illegal
strikes and’ workers from go-
ing on strikes,

In-a 50-minute illegal‘tuling,
Mr Justice Lawrence said: the
Minister of Labour and Social
Services, who. signed the sta-
tutory.. instrument, acted
within: the powers bestowed.
on him under: Sub-Section 12

of the Industrial Relations Act
_and h oi

government policy.

Ministers and government
departments were: accounta-
ble to Parliament for. what
they did in regard to efficiency
and policy and- Parliament
was their only judge, Mr Jus-
tice Lawrence observed.

He told the packed: court,
which included ZCTU chair-
man-general, -Mr Frederick
Chiluba, his’ deputy, Mr
Hubert Bweupe, assistant
general secretary, Mr Chitalu
Sampa and other — senior
labour leaders, that the only

81

JPRS-SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA



JPRS~SSA-85~-055
1 July 1985

AFRICAN’ ECONOMY DISCUSSED-=Mendes de Carvalho, the Angolan ambassador to the
GDR, and (?Mr Bayerlacher), the GDR minister of fofeign affairs:[title as heard],
discussed in Berlin a number ‘of issues concerning the African continent. During
the meeting, “the* two officials discussed. the continent's economic situation, and
that of southern“Africa:in particular. They~deplored the’ economic dependency to
which African.countries are subject. The Angolan ambassador and the GDR foreign
affairs minister cited stornger relations among the various African countries,
and consolidated efforts against ‘imperialism's aggressive designs as ways to
overcome economic ‘dependency. [Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese
0500 GMT 5 Jun 85 MB]

CSO: 3400/388



IJPRS~SSA~85~-055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SECRET RIGHTIST ORGANIZATION INSIDE NG CHURCH
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 25 May 85, pp 1,2

[Text] The new far-rightist secret organization is developing a comprehensive
strategy with the help of "conservative and preservationist theologians," for
the purpose of carrying its "battle" right ‘into the heart of the Afrikaner
churches.

Among other things, this is being done in view of the general synod of the NG
[Dutch Reformed] Church, which isto be held next year, and which, according
to a working paper of the organization, will lead to "a meaningful test of
strength" between leftists and conservative theologians.

The existence of the organization, known as’ Toekomsgesprek [Future Dialog (T¢)],
was brought to light by DIE BURGER on the ‘basis of confidential ‘documents that
have come into its possession.

In one of these documents, SABC-TV [South Africa Broadcasting Corporation-IV]
was taken to task for "serving as a tool of the NP." "All talk-partners
throughout the country are called upon to express their serious displeasure and.
Protests concerning the manner in «which such TV programs as Verslag [Report]
are handling the abolition of the laws against. immorality :and the prohibition
of mixed marriages," read the text.

Monster

The strategy contemplated by TG with respect to ecclesiastical affairs is ex-
plained in a working. paper under the heading’ of "Church Commotions and Disturb-
ances," which was sent out with-Circular No. 7 of March 1985.

In the working Paper, the new constitution was referred to as "a political fu-
neral notice," and was said’ to be causing repercussions in-all. the other cul
tural areas and organizations, even within the churches. "[print obliterated]
++smonster that has risen up out of. the middle of the pond and is making waves
felt from the middle to the edges."

With reference to next year's general synod of the NG Church, it is described
as a meaningful test of strength between leftwingers and conservative theolo-
gians. “By that time the so-called apartheid laws will surely have been re-
pealed. by the neo-progressive government of the NP, but resolutions will defi-
nitely be proposed for integrated church unity." :

51



cso:

3400/390

led the ministry and it was no
longer in a position to effec-
tively arbitrate on labour issu-
ol Mr Zimba charged.

He accused the Ministry
of failing to. act with the ‘pro-
mptness and. decisiveness
befitting a “referee” in indu-
strial relations.

He said all the Ministry
knew was to condemn workers
whenever differences arose
instead of getting to. the root
causes of the problems.

“We have now reached
a stage iwhere workers. are
being subjected to submit
thentselves. as wrong’ doers
and. ntanagements as infalli-

-bles:.This. should--not ‘be: the

case*’ because the ‘ntinistry
should look-at all issues obje-
ctively;”’ Mr Zimba said.”

He said on its part,- the
ZCTU was ready to play
an active part in the improve-
ment of industrial relations
in the country.

ie  ZCTU_recugnises
the fact that interests of orga-
nised workers are. in no way
different from those of ‘the
rest of the Zambian citizens
and that these‘ interests can
best be served by uhions
co-operating with employers

and the government.

“However, this — should
be on a free and responsible
basis to improve our weak
economy because we realise
we can do little to promote
social participation in indu-
strial development if conflicts
of interests squander our
energies and leave us no time
to. think about medium and
long-term — objectives,”” Mr
Zimba said.

He ‘said the labour move-
ment was. aware of the huge
task it has to play in building
Zambia and this is why its
leaders were ready to share
ideas with employers and
attached great © importance
to good industrial relations

“in the country.

93



cso:

3400/416

be tabled by the Minister of State in

the Chief Minister's Office, prohibits:
individuals other than the Zanzibar
(ZSTC)

vessels from transporting the produce
without valid documentation, and adds’
that a police officer'from the rank of
corporal, upon possession of a search
warrant, can conduct inspection

- anywhere if he suspects contravention

of the Act.

Any one found guilty of the offence
will be sentenced to a jail term of not
less than 10. years outside another
penalty of planting not, less than’ 100
seedlings of cloves during his term.

‘All cloves and vessels involved in
‘the offence will be confiscated by the
government.

Also nobody will. be allowed to
move about from one place to another
with fresh (undried) cloves outside the
clove pickers who will be returning to
their homes after the day’s work. The
sentence will be a one-year jail: term
with the reformatory centres and the
planting of 50 clove seedlings.

‘Anyone found guilty of selling the
produce to any person or organisation |
other than the ZSTC will also serve the
same one-! jail term and the Waded
penalty of planting 50 seedlings, the
Bill says.

If the Bill is enacted, it is hoped that
clove smuggling, which the govern-
ment is admitting is too high at
present, will diminish, the Bill con-
cludes.

72



CSO:

‘puctear bomb, Africa” mtist!
‘have recognised the danger of:
sa reversion to.a Buenos Aites-)
jPretoria axis. ye i
“}. Today, Argentina’s official,
‘ sition against Apartheid has‘
‘been elucidated at a Geneya?
‘human rights meeting by the.,
dhead of the Argentine delega-*
ction. An official telegram by‘
‘the delegation head td the!
{Argentine state secretary for
‘international relations ‘and”
human rights. Mr. Canciller, ;
“stated Atgentina ‘deriounced °
;the constant aggravation of;
‘the situation of the African:
population of South Africay
sand the manoeuvres of the;
“South African regime’’.;
; Pretoria’s aims, the telegram}
continued, were designed to!
“distract the attention of the:
Hinternational community and
the inclination of the judicial:
* system and institutions, that in
the end only . seek to:
‘perpetuate the: apartheid
system”’. a oan
‘| Argentina’s “position in:
‘Geneva condemned ban
_ tustanisation, the torture and
* death of political prisoners of
:war in South Africa jails and:
called for tiuman tights and @
¥ free Namibia. It presents the,
“most exact position that Mr.
-Alfonsin’s Radical Party,

which forms the majority of.

the Argentine. ‘government,
thas yet adopted yis-a-vis South.
‘Africa. a 2
. Argentina has responded to
the international sport and
jgultural boycott against
‘Pretoria. It no longer Plays

tugby with ‘South Africa.’

3400/384

33

‘Given Argentina’s f.ndness
“for rugby, South Africa’s na-:
jtional sport,’ such boycotts:
‘must be viewed as significant
moves away froma pro-South”
i African position; Moréover,
‘since 1981, Argentina’s na-
flonal airline, Acrolinas
: Argentina, . has {topped ¥
flights to’South Africa. m
* While Chile and Paraguay.
are still headed by the military,
‘Uruguay has shed its militaty-
image with the inauguration’
‘on March 1, of President-elect
‘Julio Maris Sanguinetti, after
11 .years of military.rule.
The fact..that Presiderit
Sanguinetti’s inauguration
‘was attended by high ranking
‘representatives from Angola,
Nicaragua and other Socialist
torientated countries is signifi-’
{eant. Such attendance may be
‘viewed, at least, as a mild in-;
: dicator that Uruguay may now
“be receptive to other than
“traditional influences. "That-
being ‘the casé, African:
diplomacy will have a chance
jof pursuing an anti-apartheid.
‘policy there. w
> All in all, Africa will gain
smuch more than external trade.
‘and technology in winning
over South America. Such an
coutcome will help speed up the
«destruction of Africa’s last set-
tler colony. In turn, only upon:
this final act and the release of
South Africa’s mineral and
shuman. potential; will the
“African people be in a position
to realise their vast potential;
‘and present .Africa with real
political. and\* economic:
independence, ** a



average membership size of 9,712 have refused to register in the belief that
militant leadership and shop floor unity could force employers to sign
recognition agreements irrespective of formal registration. On principle,
however, they rejected state control and the voluntary submission of
information to the state that could place the union, its personnel and its
membership in jeopardy. The ‘registration debate’ as such began with the
advent of the Wiehahn legislation, although the process of state control and
cooption is not new to the South African labour movement.

The Co-option of the white workers

The industrial conciliation mechanism was the option the state imposed on
the white working class, following the 1922 Rand revolt and nearly a decade
of white union militancy. It was less than an historical compromise but
preferable to outright suppression of trade unions at the time. Instead it
institutionalised the unions’ power and left capital in command. The
historians of the 1924 I.C. Act confirm the state’s success in co-opting and
bureaucratising the labour movement. The Act facilitated the formation of
unions and enabled them to take advantage of the new network of
regulations and institutions. But the ‘adroit negotiator’ and the bureaucratic
office administrator replaced the militancy of the shop floor so that the rank
and file became increasingly alienated from the bargaining process.
Accommodation rather than confrontation was more often the case as the
strike weapon became more or less obsolete. Between the passageof the Act
and 1929, only 6 strikes had taken place and the succeeding years reduced
that numbr still further. A government commission that reviewed the Act 10
years after its passage observed (correctly) “that (statutory) wage regulation
made unions ess militant” and they were quick to confirm that the Industrial
Conciliation Act was an indispensable part of the industrial relations
process. According to Rob Davies (1982):

“Within the union structures power passed more and more into the hands of a

bureacracy of permanent officials who spent most of their time involved in statutory

bodies with employers and government officials. More and more decisions were
taken at the top and almost inevitably ... common interests multiplied across the
table in the boardroom...”

Few would deny the co-option of the white employees. The price they paid
for the entrenchment of their privileges and racial exclusiveness in the
collective bargaining process was the militancy and independence of their
unions, It is a well-worn phrase of Marx that history enacted once is drama:
the second time round it is farce. In this instance, after decades of struggle in
which the black democratic trade union movement has established itself
through the militancy of its members, its incorporation would be little short

of tragedy.
‘SESSSSSSSSSSSSESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

“Remember that .an injury to one is an injury to all, be he black or white.
While the black worker is oppressed, the white worker cannot be free.
“Before Labour can emancipate itself Black workers as well as White must
combine in one organisation of Labour, irrespective of craft, colour or creed.
This is Bolshevism: The Solidarity of Labour”.
From the leaflet “The Bolsheviks are Coming” by D: Ivon Jones and L.H.
Greene, 1918.

SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

cso: 3400/397
45



1

DRIVE TO COUNTER NEGATIVE IMAGE OF BLACK EDUCATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Jun 85 pill

[Text]

cso:

|THE Department of Bau-.

jeation “and Training, is

umaking special efforts to

counter the “ tive”

vimage of Black education,
‘that is being built up as a
Fesult of ongoing town-

3400/419

° ‘solid,

Jager and

. ents ‘and children who re-
alised that their future
and-that of the country
lay in getting a good edu-
cation, received little em-

phasises. °. ~

Were flying the flag,
id have the. backing of
respectable, . re-
sible Black citizens in

; Sof Black children are to
+p gather in Pretoria’s Sho-

shanguve Township today
for the Pretoria English .

50

_Haum, “‘and -

JPRS~SSA-85-055

July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

‘there are many prizes to

be won by Black pupils
and teams-.of pupils: in
classes ranging from Std’
to 10.

Be “Competition, among
the. more than 20 schools
‘in the ‘Shoshanguve, ‘Ma-

keen,” he said,
The plum prize i is {ull

is - sponsorship for three Std

nine and three.Std 10 pu-
pils to be sent to compete

*in’...the _ International



BUSINESS WELCOMES FREE TRADING PLAN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Jun 85 p 35

[Text] DURBAN. —: The Durban Chamber of
Commerce and the Natal Chamber of Indus-
tries have both welcomed the i that
iseven areas in Durban and a num other
‘areas in Natal become “open” acing dis-

‘TiN statement by the Director General of
Constitutional Development and_ Planning
“says the areas will be readvertised soon for
“{nvestigation by the Group Areas Board for
Possible Prodan oe ee ceaet:
‘The, statement, comes, after, the implemen--
‘tation -of Section 19 of the Group Areas
Amendment Act tomorrow. 02°
~. A’spokesman for the Chamber of Com-
merce'and the-Chamber of Industries said
“that the “ trading” areas move was to be
‘welcomed but, they would await further de-
‘elopment ‘before making en. overall com-

a ote Dutban; Point Road is affected esis Sol-
ssdiers “Way, ;

:-sAnother area about to be proclaimed is the
~ area between South Coast, Jacobs and Blam-
Ve ey Roads. hale

‘Various “estate agents said
aN tat eat i pote a
moyes would have. much impact

[som the property market in business areas.

‘some ¢ properties :
ace and
‘to'an area’ te!
‘Soon tppronina ly

cso: 3400/420

46

JPRS-Ss4-g5. 0.
05.
1 July 1985 >

‘SOUTH AFRICA


sprg-SSA-85-055
1 July 1985

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

CZECHOSLOVAKIAN CERAMIC AID--CZECHOSLOVAKIA will provide technical personnel
and raw materials to the ceramics factory in Morogoro presently under con-
struction. This is contained in a statement issued in Dar es Salaam yesterday
after a five-day visit by officials of the Ministry of Industries and Trade to
Czechoslovakia. The officials, led by the Miniser, Ndugu Basil Mramba, began
their visit on May 14, and returned yesterday. According to the statement, it
was also agreed that Czechoslovakia would provide the Morogoro Shoe Company
with technical personnel and provide scholarships to technicians in other
industries and industrial institutions. The statement further said a new
trade protocol between the two countries would be signed before the end of the
eyar, following completion of legal technicalities. It was agreed that some
industries would be provided with raw materials in order to increase their
capacity utilisation and also ensure the local duty-free shops were given mor
goods. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 21 May 85 p 3] :

MKAPA REASSURES MALAWI REFUGEES--THE Minister for Foreign Affairs, Ndugu
Benjamin Mkapa, has assured Malawian refugees residing in Tanzania that they
would not be repatriated to their country following the decision by the two
states to establish full diplomatic relations. In a radio broadcast by the
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) monitored by Radio Tanzania Dar es
Salaam yesterday, Ndugu Mkapa said, however, the refugees will not be allowed
to use Tanzania as their base for subversive acts against Malawi.

The Minister said the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two
states was consonant with Tanzania's principles to enhance co-operation with
neighbouring states. Under the circumstance, he explained the decision to
establish relation with her southern neighbour was proper. [Text] [Dar es
Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 May 85 p 3]

INDIAN FOOD ANNOUNCED--TANZANIA will soon receive 20m/- worth of food aid from
the World Food Programme (WFP) as a donation by the Indian Government to WFP's
International Emergency Food Reserve (IEFR) to assist the most drought strick-
en areas in Tanzania. According to a United States Information Services Press
release issued to the Daily News yesterday the consignment will consist 5,000
tonnes of wheat and 200 tonnes of rice which will be exchanged on arrival in
the country for 8,392 tonnes of white maize which can be stored for longer
than wheat and rice. Distribution of the food will be made to 233,100
individuals engaged in public works projects for rehabilitation of rural

+15



cso:

3400/393

The World ‘Food: Pro-
gramme (WFP) had given
the district sorghum seeds
for planting in the next
season. os

Sorghum and cotton .are-

the only crops which can

grow well there because
most of the area is hilly.
Chief Mpuka ‘of the Chi-
kunda said his area was the
hardest hit and’ appealed
to the Party and its Govern-
ment to mobilise food for.
them to avert catastrophe.
Speaking at his . farm
where he was harvesting
sorghum the chief blamed

- the heavy’ rains for

wreaking havoc to the

crops.
But Mr Nyamkandeka
was. optimistic saying - the

. people were being encoura-

ged to grow more food next
season. Land would - be
re-allocated so’ that — all
families were given plots.

Since the district was a
battle ground during the
liberation wars in Zim-
babwe and - Mozambique,
many people had run: away
from fertile land. Now that
there was peace they would
be resettled.

Chief Shikabeta said
although a few of his people
had enough food more than
1,700 were starving.

The Soli chief said more
than 300 bags of maize had
been sent there by the
Party and its Government
but these were lying at
Chongwe because of trans-

port blems. (See also
Pages.)

In Lusaka, new: Member
of the Central Committee
for Lusaka Province: -Mr
Bautis Kapulu said “he
needed time. before he
could) comment on - the
plight of people in the
affected areas.

Secretary to’ the Cabinet
Mr Evans Willima said
through his secretary’ that
he was preparing ‘for a
meeting and had no time
to comment on the issue,
while the Zambia Red
Cross Society ,secretary-
general Mrs Faith Mwila
was not available.

85



victories in South Africa have little solidity in the long term without national liberation.
This is the Achilles Heel of “Workerism”, with its base on the shop floor and its isolation
from those forces who are equally oppressed but away from the points of production.

Two phases can be discerned in the period since Sharpeville. The first was
highly characteristic of the sixties, where the colour bar in industry was
upheld by an assortment of strategies including legislation, negotiation
between white unions and management, and customary practice. This
howeyer did not succeed in overcoming the crisis of skills which the 1.4
million white employees could not fill. A policy of “floating” the colour bar
was adopted, together with a search for overseas immigrants and a process of
job dilution which served to increase the entry into industry of African
workers in skilled capacities — at lower rates of pay. This classic
phenomenon of contemporary capitalism, the constant fragmentation ofthe
work process, ‘deskilling’ and job re-classification, was accompanied by
changes in technology which enabled large numbers of the black labour
force to perform the new mechanical skills. The role of whites as supervisors
increased, as well as their wages, the high price of their labour being
recognised (as ever) as the cost of the colour bar. For the moment the
disadvantages were offset by superior profits.

In effect the floating of the colour bar was a substitute for statutoryinaction.
Changes in the racial division .of labour were likely to be as politically
subversive among the ruling party’s traditional supporters (the. white
workforce, the petty bourgeoisie) in the sixties, as they are now in the eighties.

What marked off the second phase from the first was the co-operation of
monopoly interests, whose capital needs were neither satisfied nor
compatible with the existing ordering of the racial division of labour.
Moreover, the regime was prepared to confront its former allies and co-opt
other elements of the population, something it could not do earlier. The
patch-work changes and the ad hoc alterations to the racial division oflabour
were expensive, inadequate, inefficient and, as they stood, inconsistent with
the requirements of monopoly capital. They also did not square with the
codes of conduct which had been established in the USA and EEC countries
to make investments in South Africa more acceptable in the face of growing
criticism.

Employers had for a long time, in the earlier phases of the country’s
growth, capitalised on the historical cheapness and regulation of African
labour power. The extensive changes produced in the two decades between
1960 and 1980 — an industrial revolution in many respects — led employers
to change their patterns of employment, and the state to change its style of
industrial management. But not before the exploitative practices that
accompanied nearly two decades of economic growth produced the
inevitable explosion — during the strike waves of 1973 and again in 1976,
with the urban revolts that started in Soweto.

The industrial scenario that confronted Wiehahn when his Commission
of Inquiry into Labour Legislation met in 1976 was quantitatively different
from the previous decade, or any other time in the country’s history. The
growth in the clothing, textile, metal, machinery and transport industries
had transformed the face of the economy — and with it the size and stability
of the workforce, the density of the urban population, the demands on
housing, transport, schools, services and amenities: the latter being items for
which neither the employers nor their state had traditionally felt much

40



JPRS-SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

JUSTICE MINISTER SUES MAGAZINE--HARARE--The Zimbabwean Minister of Justice,
Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, Mr Eddison Zvobgo, is suing the South African
magazine, Drum, for R625 000 damages allegedly sufferred as a result of an
article published in October last year. Those being sued in the Harare high
court are the Editor, Mr Stan Motjuwadi, the printers, Nasionale Pers,
Keartlands and National Litho, and Kingstons, the Zimbabwe distributors. The
Minister alleges that the magazine published an article containing false,
malicious and defamatory words about him. He took exception to parts of the
article which said, among other things: "Zvobgo has tripped up a few times,
his behaviour is not always perhaps what Mugabe expects of his leaders. He
has been known on at least one occasion to have criticised the country..."
"Sources within Zanu (PF) say he is an unashamed regionalist." [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Jun 85 p 10]

CSO: 3400/422 END

110



JPRS~-SSA-85-055

1 duly 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

German Experts Study Problem of Noninsured Payments Arrears
(FRANKFURTER ZELTUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 20 May 85)

ANGOLA

Oil Production Increase Mostly From Offshore Fields
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 7 May 85)

Correspondent Describes Journey to Cunene
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 28 Apr 85) ccscceccccveccvccvcccesvseres

Briefs :
FAPLA Destroyed UNITA Camps
FAPLA Kills 'Bandits'

FAPLA Kills UNITA Members
African Economy Discussed

BOTSWANA
Briefs
SADCC Projects Reviewed
Canadian Railroad Aid

GHANA

CDR Election Procedures Outlined
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 20 May 85) wscceccceccccerccveccer

KENYA

Controversial Political Issues Threaten Upcoming Conference
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 24 May 85) .ovccccceccceccccscecscccees

Preparations Under Way for UN Decade for Women Conference
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 24 May 85) ssececensvevscscevecncccerse

\© © @ 00

10

11

13

15



JPRS~SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA

ENVOYS MUST ACCOUNT FOR EXPENDITURES PUBLICLY

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 9 May 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

TWO high commissioners and one
ambassador from. Zambian missions
abroad have: been summoned to ap-
pear before the parliamentary public
accounts committee to explain irregu-

‘Jarities reported: to the National

Assembly during its last sitting,
Foreign Affairs acting | permanent
secretary Mr Simataa Akapelwa con-

firmed yesterday.

Mr Akapelwa, who is the ministry’s under-
secretary in charge of administration and
finance’ named the envoys as Mr Putteho
Ngonda, ambassador to: Washington, Lieute-
nant-General Peter Zuze,.high commissioner to
London and Mr Willie Mwondela, high commis-
sioner to Nairobi, Kenya.

Mr Akapelwa did not indicate when the three diplo-
mats arrived in Zambia-except saying: ‘Mr Ngonda, Mr
Mwondela and General Zuze have come to answer the
public accounts. We want them to explain what was said in

the public accounts report.""
e report expressed concern on the unauthorised
expenditure in Zambia's missions abroad.
Tt noted that out of the authorised provision of KS78,109
for the mission. in: Washington,. K111,538 was excess.

expenditure, « - :

The Nairobi mission over-spent by K6,387 fronr the |

authorised total provision of K394,400 said the report.

The committee which was chaired by Kafue Member of
Parliament Mr: Francis Matanda, now Lusaka Rural
district governor, did not cite any test case for the London

, mission.

Mr Akapelwa dispelled
rumours about the fate of a
number of | Zambia's
diplomats serving abroad
currently in Lusaka for

3400/392

103"

routine consultations.

He said many people
were wondering what had
happened to _ Zambia's
ambassador to China, Mr
Mainza Chona, high com-
missioner to Australia, Mr
Jason Mfula and Zambia's
high, commissioner - to
Canada, Lieutenant-Gene-
ral Benjamin Mibenge.

“Please tell the people
that these officers are here
for routine consultations
and nothing else,"" Mr Aka-
pelwa stressed.

Arnold Raphael reports
from London: A meeting to
discuss the investment and
development scene is to
be held next week — with-
out a’ single Zambian
speaker.

It is no fault of the
organisers. The London
chamber of commerce and
industry had been. assured
that they were ‘arranging
for very senior Zambian
representatives to expound
upon the business potential
in Zambia, both for existing
businesses and for the
huge untapped local.
resources"’.

In the event, those
attending the meeting at
the chamber's _head-
quarters will have to be
content with the two
British speakers.



MILLIONS OF RANDS EARMARKED FOR EASTERN CAPE

JPRS~SSA-85-055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Jun 85 p 14

[Text]

cso: 3400/419

‘Port ‘Elizabeth-Uiten-
jhage , would ,,pro-
vide:

slndustries, Dr Dawie de
| villiets said in Port Eli-
_zabeth yesterday. fi

=) Speaking at the offic-
Nal Fnception “of the re-
X gional development ad-
* vice committee for dis-

“million :
ithe Port‘ Blizabeth-Uit-
‘enhage region; thé East-
smn Cape, Development
oard would spend R57
unillion this year... .

*. “This will provide an
jenormous economic sti-
imulois”,-he said."

" “Jn addition, «water
‘and irrigation ‘schemes
irecently announced by

iPresident Botha would
help ease the immediate
junemployment profiem
‘and ‘contribute ‘to fur-
ther ' economic stimu-

Statistics ‘pointed to
‘an upturn in ‘industrial
eactivity .in.-the area
éwhich: should gain mo-
jtnentum when the econ-
somic and investment, cli-

the :motor-in-

East London since new
incentives ‘were imple-;
ymented .in ‘November:
‘last year.

63


BIG BOOST FOR INDIAN EDUCATION

Durban THE GRAPHIC in English 24 May 85 p 18°

[Text]

cso:

3400/386

‘MORE than R208 million would be spent
on salaries for Indian teachers in 1985 and
1986, Mr Kassie: Ramduth, © Minister - of

‘Education and Culture in the House of :

Delegates, said this week.

He said in an interview that his depart- :
‘ment had: big: plans :for Indian ‘education, |

‘which had a budget of R321 million.

: Among the priorities were new: schools, '
‘hostels at high Xchools, ‘school halls, teach- '

sing of. Indian languages, technical high

schools, busing of pupils and a community :

learning: centre at Newcastle,

‘The learning centre, ‘to be built this!

‘year on an 18 ha site donated by the local

‘municipality, would include «a creche,

-pre-primary - school, technical Sch
tre

Indian pupils in uth ‘africa.
‘Five new: primary. and , two..secondary

with . additions ‘to 5° secondary and five
primary schools. ‘Two ‘more primary and
seven secondary ‘schools would be opened
later this year or early next year.”

i grammes ue been earmarked for schools
| at Stanger, Kloof and Wyebank, Germiston,
}/Malagasi iad ae ‘tind Howick West.
“There Would te hostels for ;pupils in
=three Transvaal towns and at ‘Richards Bay
-in Zululand. | a

49

schools had been opened eatlier this year, |

1eMr” Ramduth said “major:“ work” pro-.

IPRS-SSA~85~055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS~SSA~85~055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA

SALARY INCREASES NOT YET IMPLEMENTED

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 16 May 85 p 5

[Text] WORKERS in financial institutions whose unions and managements signed
collective agreements for salary increments ranging from 15 to 27 per cent
early last month have not yet received their benefits.

Zambia Union of Financial Institutions and Allied Workers (ZUFIAW) general
secretary, Mr Chiwala Chibesakunda said in Lusaka at the weekend that workers

are still waiting for their pay rises,

He said that he was aware that the prices and Incomes Commission ratified the
agreements reached between the unions and employers but that there were still
some delays to implement what was agreed upon.

Mr Chibesakunda said the workers should have been given theire benefits a long
time ago and the slow pace at which government was processing the salary in-
creases was a matter of concern. -

He complained that there was a lot of red tape in the manner in which salary
increases were being processed.

"The workers have been waiting patiently for their benefits. They understand
the situation but if it wasn't for the red tape, they should have already go
their benefits," he said.

He pointed out that the salary increases cannot be effected because they have
not yet been gazetted.

The institutions affected include the Zambia National Provident Fund, (ZNPF),
Zambia National Commercial Bank (ZNCB), Zambia National Building society
(ZNBS), Zambia Agricultural Finance Company (AFC), and the Zambia State In-
surance Corporation. :

In March this year, Zambia State Insurance Corporation (ZISC) workers went on
strike demanding salary increments. and only resumed work after their union and
management concluded an agreement for pay rises.

CSO: 3400/391

98



JPRS-SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

LIBERTA

GOVERNMENT WARNS PUBLIC. EMPLOYEES AGAINST STRIKE
A4B042232 Abidjan Domestic Service in French: 1930 GMT 4-Jun 85

[Excerpt] A cabinet. meeting was held this morning’from 1000 .to 1200 at the
presidential palace under the -chairmanship of the head of ‘state, President
Felix Houphouet-Boigny. The meeting heard-reports .by ‘the ministers of labor
and.public.services concerning the harmonization‘of ‘the salaries of staff of
“the national public enterprises. From the two reports,*it has been revealed
that ‘some staff of ‘the national ‘public enterprises have ‘been distributing
leaflets calling on“their colleagues to. embark‘upon.a general strike. This
action is intolerable becausé it ‘tends’ to. run counter ’to efforts ‘by the party
and the government toredress‘our country's economic ‘situation. In fact, it
must be‘recalled that within the framework of measures “tmposed by the world
economic: crisis, the’free housing scheme for -public servants has been abolished,
and salaries of public servants .and government agents have been “frozen for more
than 2.years*while payment. of financial compensation for’ periodic step in-
creases has“been stopped. ‘These were some of the sacrifices accepted, in the
general -interest’ of the people, by nearly 82,000‘ public servants and government
‘agents, while out of 16,000 staffers of the national public enterprises, few of
‘them ‘continue to. think: they must. still enjoy the exhorbitant'and scandalous
fringe benefits ‘they granted themselves. . In“the: face of such aetis, the Council
of Ministers decided’ that any’staffer of ‘the national. public enterprises who
would not report for duty on Wednesday, 5 June 1985, “that ts" tomorrow, will
be regarded. as having resigned his post. He will simply:be dismissed and
replaced.

CSO: 3400/396

23



JPRS-SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

LESOTHO

BRIEFS

WORLD FOOD PROGRAM AID-~The. World Food Program, WFP, will supply’ the Government
of Lesotho with 36,153 metric tons of food to assist in improving the health
status of primary'school children. This agreement was signed today by the
honorable ‘minister of planning, employment, and economic affairs, Mr
Regs'elisitsoe Sekhonyana, on behalf: of the Lesotho Government, ‘and. (Carm
Weinberg), the United Nations Development: Program resident representative, on
behalf ofthe WFP. The WFP will also contribute up’to.a maximum of more than
2 million:maluti as a cost. subsidy*to assist the government ‘in‘defraying the
cost of internal transport’ and handling of the commodity. ‘The assistance is
the continuation ‘of the ongoing feeding programs and will"begin*from July this
year, for.a period of 3:years, in the form-[éf] a nutritionally“balanced midday
meal to approximately ‘280,000 first year primary schoolchildren. “The WFP has
‘ already provided 3,270 tonnes: of maize assistance. to more than 100,000 women
and children, ‘most seriously affected by the recent’ drought conditions in the
country. [Text]: [Maseru Domestic Service in: English 1130 GMT 3 Jun 85 MB]

CSO: 3400/387

19



ILO TO BOOST SERVICES FOR TRAINING, SMALL INDUSTRY

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 7 May 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

THE International Labour Or-

vices in Zambia ta adequately
prepare: workers to. meet in-

ment and
Kitwe Jesteray by ILO ve
adviser for Eastern and
Africa, -Dr Martin

creasing challenges in gavern-
fd industry. .

He said the ILO, through its

3400/390

manpower training progra-
mmes in Zambia, was keen to
help re nation reassess the

-of respective training ins-
titutions to establish how the
existing manpower resources
could be rationalised.

Dr Boodhoo said the inten-
fon ‘of bis organisation was to

run ig programmes
for workers in vital sectors of:
the industry which had a dire-
ct bearing on the econamy and
general economic develop-
ment.

He an that the ILO
with the of the
Warld Bank would soon start

raining wor-
kers the Zambia Fore-
stry and Forest Industries

Corporation (ZAFFICO)
as part of its manpower deve-

Board in addi
bilitation i project for the handi-
capped, Dr Boodhon disclosed:

He said these programmes

102

JPRS~SSA-85~055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA

. undertaken by the ILO were a

practical. approach to assist.
Zambia .develop and utilise:
its. manpower to the maxi-
mum to enable them meet the.
challenges in govern-
ment and industry.
ILO was. ready ta assist"
Zambia i in many ways.so la shed
ie gavernment approached
the organisation after

fying are areas of fer identi
the regional adviser said.

He explained that another
atea the ILO was: actively
involved in was the develop-.
ment of small-scale industries
in collaboration with - the
Small __ Industries
ment Organisation (SIDO).

He lauded the Zambia Fede-
ration of Employers . (ZFE)
for organising the seminar’
saying the question‘of manpa-
wer development did not re-~
quire a theoretical approach
but a practical one.

He said he was generally.
very impressed with the
efforts made by the ZFE,.
the government and other

training institutions. in Zam-
bia in improving, training pro-
grammes for workers. .


DETERIORATING RELATIONS WITH SOUTH, AMERICAN NATIONS DISCUSSED

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 1 May 85 p 8

[Article by Olu Sarr]

[Text] “THE “triangular ‘relatio
ship of South-Africa -
South America — indepen-,
dent Africa is Africa is a;
political jigsaw in which;
the participants manoeuvre:
to create alliances that will
serve «their perceived,
interest.’

South Africa wants trade
and the maintenance of apar-.,

»theid. An alliance with major:

{ South American states serves .
as. booster ‘for -its sagging

+ morale in the face of increas-
in isolation. Retaining strot
relations with tike-minded:
, governments (fascist regimes
“in South Arherica) seemed to :
‘help South Africa in entren-:
ching apartheid or buying time? t
for Pretoria to -instal a

“palatable alternative accep-":

table to Afrikaanerdom. °
Africa, on the other hand,
‘seeks to hasten the destruction”
of apartheid by isolating °
South Africa wherever poss
ble, hence desirable close ties
with Souith America’s giants.

For South Americans, lon;
term. best interest lies’ with:
whoever’ will, conttol the,
‘richest nation in Africa:
Foresight dictates that the
: African majority will control!
‘South’ Africa. ‘Therefore’
_ wisdom calls for the adoption .
“of long term options to.
‘guarantee . political and?
“economic. access to - this.
market.

Brazil. for cxample which!
‘recognised this reality 10 years
“a ago and backed the MPLA

its farsightedness.

ke” Brazil, which had
‘tion links with South Africa,
became the first nation to
recognise thé’ MPLA as the
legitimate government of
Angola in a major policy shift,

juinder the military rule of Gen. -.

Joao Figueiredo in 1975. This
had the effect of .making

‘stillborn, thé South Atlantic .-
Treaty Organisation (Sato), {

the Nato baby in the South

Atlantic, The move. of a j
rightist military government

recognising a socialist, orien-. +
‘gt

government opposed to

ver South African surrogates®
Angola, is being rewarded.

South Africa, negated the '

‘likelihood of Brazilian par-

isi tion in the proposed trea~

etween, South American

slates and their South-African
partner.

Other impediments to the

. ‘ereation of Sato were the an-

tagonism among and between

‘potential Sato and Nato dillies,*

namely Argentina and. Chile
,on the one hand and Ai
hina and Britain on the ot! ner,
‘rendering a harmonious
“Nato/Sato. relationship
‘strerious if. not improbable.
»So, without the participation
zof South America’s two most
“economically, and militarily
“powerful nations, Brazil and
Argentina, Sato was a mori-)
‘bund child.

¢ ‘More importantly, the ma-
sjor powers.of the once touted
“Sato allian

political State power to

31

have returned:

JPRS~SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



antee the Afrikaner "full self-determination in all walks of life." "To be
able to accomplish this, we must convince young Afrikaners, our future electo-
rate, of the correctness of our point of view and prepare and equip them to be
of assistance in by-elections and the coming general election, to bring our
government into power."

Next the role of the AV is highlighted: "The goal of the strategy is to train
young Afrikaners at the secondary and tertiary levels in the objectives of the
AV and to cultivate in them the necessary energy to consolidate these objec-
tives and defend them against people who think otherwise." :

This. year the organization is planning to offer year-long nationwide courses
for young people under’ the auspices of the AV. With this in mind, it is work-
ing out a nationwide zoning plan, with project regulation: committees for every
district.

8117
CSO: 3401/212

55



MUZOREWA WARY OVER FREE ELECTION CLAIM BY MUGABE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Jun 85 p 10

[Text]

cso:

3400/422

DURBAN. — Bishop
‘Abel Muzorewa, leader
of the United African
Council (UAC), one of
the parties contesting the
Zimbabwe election start-
ing on June 27, said yes-
terday he wondered how
yee the election would

| The bishop, ‘former’
Prime Minister of Zim-
babwe/Rhodesia, said
that Mr Robert Mugabe,
the prefent aay Minis-
ter, had repeat stated
that the election would be

* He said the Prime ‘Min-
ister had also stated that
there would be no intimi-
dation of the Black voters
who go to the poll on July

“1 and 2 after the 100 000-
odd Whites cast ‘their
votes on June 27.

“the bishop said that he
sincerely hoped that Mr
Mugabe would keep his

word and that the law en-
forcement agencies would .

seé to it that there was'no
intimidation.

‘He ‘said he would also :
“be interested to see if the °

many overseas journal-
ists; who are ‘arriving in
Zimbabwe at the week-
end, would be given a

‘free. hand to’ goto any:

‘area they liked.

He said that during the «

last election there was no

109

doubt that intimidation
had playéd a major role in
the landslide victory of
Mr -Mugabe’s Zanu-PF
party. He said that he
hoped journalists would
‘be allowed to go to the
rural areas where very of-
ten villagers were intimi-
dated.
=..The bishop would not |
speculate when asked if
‘he thought’ his” party
" would hold , onto: their
three parliamentary seats.
Mr Mugabe’ has vowed
that he will wipe out the
UACin the election.

The - parties contesting
the election — th

‘nine in all —
tioneering in earnest on.
Monday.

The only Black ‘parties

_ that have any large fol-'
are - Zanu-PF,
Zapu-PF led by Dr. Jo.
shua ‘Nkomo - and the
~ dishop’s - party, - which
, Mainly draws its strength
“from the Harare area and

* has very little following in

the rural districts.

At this stage it appears
that at least 150 foreign

Journalists from all. over ;
,the world, including com-

aunist countries, will be ,
‘reporting on the election. t

Mr Mugabe i is to begin
‘his campaign several
big rallies in Matabele-
land, normally regarded
‘as the stronghold of Dr
Nkomo.

JPRS-SSA~85~-055
1 July 1985

ZIMBABWE



NEW TRADE POLICY FOR ZANZIBAR ANNOUNCED

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 24 May 85 p 1

[Text] ZANZIBAR has introduced a

CSO:

new trade Policy by allowing in-
. dividuals to export commodities
“not Induded “in ‘the: government,

export list.

"The President of Zanzibar who
lis also the Chairman of the Isles
‘Revolutionary Council, Ndugu
vAli Hassan Mwinyi, yesterday
rurged businessmen to export
items outside the government ex-
‘port list and promised ‘that half of |
‘the foreign. exchange accruing |
;from the exports would remain’
with them to boost their imports:

Addressing businessmen’ and
| Party and government’ leaders at-
the Kisiwandui’ Party office in
: Zanzibar, Ndugu Mwinyi said it
! was high time the people took a
direct hand in the exports of
items such as baskets; black and
ied pepper, stitched caps, fruits,

iginger and sea shells in a: bid to ~

rehabilitate the economy.

He,; however, warned that the
‘relaxation should not be mistaken -
‘for permission for illegal. exports
of commodities such as cloves.

The: Isles- President. sdid..in-.
dividual businessmen could form
co-operatives’ or private export
companies.

Non-Tanzanians who wanted
“to invest: in trade, especially in
:oommercial fishing. and the
‘development of tourism, would
be accepted on condition that the

3400/416

| revenue _ aceried would -be-

, firms or individuals involved.

Ndugu Mwinyi,: who hailed.

private businessmen. for respon-
; ding to his earlier call last year to
‘import’. goods for local con-
sumption, said they should con-
tinue with the spirit.

He, however, cautioned that.

prices of the. goods were too high
for the ordinary people.

“I understand that the reasons
‘for the high prices stem from our
poverty, but is it fair to our
cause?” he asked,

The Isles President said it was

- painful to note that a kilogramme .
of maize flour (sembe) which was '

being sold at 5/- in Dar es Salaam

+ twas. selling at 20/- in Zanzibar.

“T advise: you. to lower. your
:Ptices, profit is legitimate but too
“much ‘ profit is illegitimate,” he
: said,

Ndugu’ Mwinyi* also advised
the businessmen to form a cham-
, ber of commerce which would be
their organ in the area of trade.

He also told the fully packed
audience at the conference hall,

amid applause, that effective from.
“:mow: people had been allowed to

build’ houses for renting.
However, the move did not in-
clude leaders of the Party and the
government, he said.

73

JPRS~SSA-85-055

1 July 1985

TANZANIA

scrupulous businessmen to steal
will be dismissed forthwith.
The Zanzibar Chief. Minister,

“Ndugu Seif Shariff Hamad, said.

in Zanzibar yesterday that the of-
‘ficers. would also be prosecuted.
He was responding to claims
by some businessmen during the
meeting at Kisiwandui that there
was pilferage at the Dar es
Salaam Airport and the Zanzibar
Harbour.

The Chief Minister said there

given. false: information. to..un-
derestimate the value ot goods im-..
ported so that little duty could be
paid on them, thus stealing from-
the Government.

‘+ He .also said that although

government efforts. would be
needed to contain pilferage, the
people should also co-operate: by.
giving true information to in-
stitutions responsible to arrest the
situation.

‘Ndugu Hamad told the meeting:
that the government was ‘working
in collaboration with the
Association of ‘Porters/Coolies,
the Union of Tanzania workers
(UWATA) and Zanzibar Whar-
fage: to set charges (prices) for
loading, unloading and carrying
of various items at the Zanzibar
Harbour. '



JPRS~SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

NAMIBIA

COMMENTARY. ON’ CAPRIVI’ CONSTITUTION
EA061120 Addis Ababa Voice of Namibia in English 1900 GMT 5 Jun 85
[Station commentary: "The So-Called ‘Constitution of Caprivi"]

[Text] As attention’is focused on Windhoek, where the Boer regime will be in-
stalling its puppet interim’ government this month, South Africa is discreetly
carrying ‘out ‘another devious plan to dismember Namibia. ‘The Pretoria regime
has put into»motion its secret plan to separate the eastern region of Namibia,
otherwise known’ as ‘the Caprivi from“the rest’ of Namibia.’ The regime's ultimate
aim is to’Balkanise Namibia by“having the Caprivi.as a South African controlled
enclave ‘for geo-political and military strategic reasons just as it is clinging
to Walvis Bay.

SouthAfrica"has’ created..a“so-called constitutional committee for the Caprivi
composed of its stooges and headed byits. so-called commissioner ‘for Caprivi,
racist L.W. “Kruger... The secret ‘:plan“to createa ‘separate bantustan in the
Caprivi‘which-will “not be part of an independent Namibia fits into Pretoria's
grand design ‘to create’a ‘satellite state inthe region which will’ be subservient
to it..-In 'this’grand ‘design knownas the:constellation of states, Pretoria
aims to build:on ‘its bantustan policy ‘inside South Africa by surrounding itself
with weak governments’‘in neighboring African'states which’ would pay homage to
the*apartheid state.

The Caprivi, which borders Angola, Zambia,: Zimbabwe, and ‘Botswana, therefore
“grants South. Africa a strategic position from which it ‘ean*launch military
aggression inthe frontline ‘states and threaten’ the whole of sub-Saharan Africa.
‘the frenzied activities going on of building a‘massive military base at (Mukassa)
“cin Caprivi must “be:seen “in this context of South Africa's evil-designs in the
southern African region.

“Namibia, like any ‘other.‘African country, '‘is made up-of various regions, tribes,
and ethnic groupings.” ‘The :boundaries of Namibia as it ‘is known today were
drawn like the rest’ of African countries by the imperialist colonial parties
at the Berlin Conference: in 1884. Africa and the whole world have come to
accept’ 'these:imposed boundaries as a’ colonial ‘legacy’and a historic necessity.
‘But ‘the ‘racist ‘regime, for its own selfish interests, now (%wishes) to tamper
with ‘the international accepted national boundary of Namibia,

25



JPRS~SSA-85-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA

LABOR CHIEF ISSUES CHECK OFF SYSTEM GUIDELINES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 4 May 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

THE Government
yesterday issued
guidelines on the check
off system after the
revocation of trade
union (deduction . of
subscriptions) regula-
tions of 1985 Statutory
Instrument Number
Six signed. by Minister
of Labour and Social
Services Mr Frederick
Hapunda on January

In. the ‘guidefines _cir-
culated to the Zambia Con-
gress of Trade Unions, the
Zambia Federation of
Employers (ZFE) and all
labour officers, labour
commissioner Mr Musa
Chitangala says the check
off system is characterised
by the principle of “‘volun-
tarism’’.

* Under the system, a trade
union may negotiate with
an employer ‘‘for the pur-.
pose of inducing him, in
principle, to becoming par-
ty to the check off system.
However, neither the
employer nor the employee
can be compelled. or forced
into entering into a check
off system,” he said.

3400/393

When an employer
deducts money from a
worker’s salary, this should
be with the full consent of
the employee.

It will become necessary
for the employer — if
challenged by the employee
— to be able to prove that
permission was granted.

“It is in this regard: that
the employer must satisfy.
himself fully and be able to.
prove it in court of law if
necessary that the employee
authorised him to make
deductions.””

Mr Chitangala says a list
of names of employees pur-
porting to be signed by the
employees themselves:is not
sufficient authority nor ade-
quate evidence,

“It is necessary for each
employee to give his own in-
dividual and personal
authority in writing. A pru-
dent employer will take
steps to see that the authori-
ty is given in the presence of
a witness,” he said.

Any employer. who -re-
jects a list of names sup-
plied. by a trade union will
be legally justified in so do-
ing “since such a list will
not constitute evidence of
adequate authority as en-
visaged in section 19 of the
Act.”

An employer who acts

91

on the list supplied to him
by a trade union and is later
sued by an employee for
making unauthorised
deductions can ‘‘well find
himself. having to refund
such deductions to the
employee and will
therefore, suffer the loss
out of his own pocket.”

He says Statutory Instru-
ment Number Six which is
aimed .at punishing unions
whose members: resort to
strike action is “fully in
force and some trade unions
are now feeling the effects
of this statutory in-
strument.””

“It has since come to my
notice that a number of
trade unions which have
lost the due-shop order
facility by virtue of the ap-
plication of Statutory In-
strument Number Six have
resorted to seeking im-
plementation of a check off
system with the employers
concerned

The cneck system is in
legal terms a means by
which deductions aré made
by agreement

“From tie foregoing, it
can be seen that a check. off
system is basically an exer-
restricted. to an ‘in-
dividual employee. and the
employer, characterised by
the principle of volun-
tarism.”*



troops for any eventuality." Although military tension is relatively light
at this time, Samukongo said that "the situation is precarious. The South
Africans have not withdrawn to South Africa but have stationed their troops

along the Namibian border."

Moreover, to complete the picture, during the occupation the South African
air command did not install any facilities in Angola, and this caused great
damage both in materiel and human resources. Captain Samukongo himself ‘told
us about the violation of the Angolan border by South African planes on 24
April between 0840 hours and 1000 hours, flying over the areas of the former
Santa Clara, Calueque and Ruacana,

These developments lead any observer to conclude that the war could break
out at any moment with the same intensity as always. In addition, Pretoria
not only delayed the removal of its troops, or most of them, from southern
Angola for 1 year (after having promised to-do so within 1 month) but also
took no definite steps toward a cease-fire agreement with SWAPO and the
implementation of the Security Council's Resolution 435 calling for Namibia's
independence,

South African Soldier on Guard Duty

Early in the afternoon we came face to face with the Nambian border at Ochi-
kango in Santa Clara, From the air we could see that territory, bordering
the Kalahari, hospitable, replete with mineral wealth, but especially
inhabited by people who had never surrendered to Boer enslavement.

We landed in a small clearing, surrounded by plain-type bushes and trees.
Despite the proximity of South African troops, the FAPLA, which had occupied
the position for 8 days, was completely at ease, although they did not neglect
the state of alert.

We then continued to the village. Ochikango is experiencing the same drama of
cruelty by the oppressive forces. Houses reduced to ruins or without a

roof. This is the physical aspect presented to any visitor. Close by was a
sort of entrance formed by a temporary border gate and here a few FAPLA
soldiers were keeping watch.

On the other side of this Namibian border village at a distance of 300 to 400
meters, South African guards could be seen among whom one was positioned in a
watch tower. Our colleagues used the opportunity to take some photos. A
moment later the soldier on guard saw what was being done and quickly withdrew
from the field of vision; however, he was too late.

The Other Task: Drive the Puppets From the Province

Returning, we chatted a few moments with some FAPLA combatants who, day and
night, are stationed there to safeguard the country's territorial integrity.
Housed in canvas tents in the jungle (although somewhat hemmed in), they use
their hours of rest to hobnob in a spirit of utmost brotherhood.



KIMARIO SAYS DEFENSE POLICY UNDER REVIEW

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 20 May 85 p 1

[Text]

CSO:

THE Minister for’ Defence. and
« National. Service, Brigadier
Muhidin Kimario, has said the
Ministry was : reviewing the
existing defence policy, Shihata
reported,

He said in Dar es Salaam at the
week-end the exercise was aimed
at including militia training as ‘a
pre-condition for: employment in
the Ministry,

The Minister was officiating at
@ pass-out parade mounted by 49
new militiamen —- all workers of:
the Ministry of Defence and
National “Service —- at the
Ministry's Headquarters int Dar es’
Salaam.

Brigadier Kimnario stressed: the
importance of militia training for
civilians working in various
organs of national. defence.”

Participation of the workers. in
the training, besides improving
national defence, would provide
motivation to other non-defence
organs to put more. emphasis on
the raining for, their workers, he

’ ole called'on workers who had

not undergone militia training to
do so, warning that ‘stern
measures would be taken against
evaders.

. The Minister commended the-
‘role played by members of the
Militia to fight law-breaking ac-
tivities in the country. He said the

Government was working’ out

‘ways to improve’ -defence
techniques provided by ‘the
Mbeya’ ‘and, Morogoro based
militia training’ colleges,

In their | ‘message, the
militiamen requested the Govern-

3400/416

74

ment to review: the prices of
militia uniforms. The current

price is 600/- a pair.

They contributed 600/: for the
construction. of. the Party.
Headquarters building in
Dodoma.

Meanwhile, Temeke District
villages’ request | for special

training in ‘people's militia has
been sent to the Area Com-
missioner for consideration,
Guest Reporter, Dames Kitundu
reports.

The Tanzania Youth
Organisation (VIANA) District
Chairman, Ndugu Omary.
Ramadhani, told the Daily News

at the weekend the request. was.”

earlier put forward to the
VIJANA delegation touring the
Organisation’s branches in the
district early this month.

Ndugu Ramadhani said the
villages requested the training in
order to defend themselves and
their crops against armed bandits.

The villages are _ Kimbiji,
Kibugumo, Mji Mwema, Kibada,
Temba Mnazi, ‘Yaleyale Puna,
Yasemwayo,  Mizimbini and
Mkinze.

The = six-man VIJANA
delegation was on a month-long
tour of Temeke where they
visited 74 branches. to inspect
their activities.

Activities inspected included
registration of jobless youths and
those already involved in produc-
tive work.

Ndugu Ramadhani said 800.
hectares had been set aside for the
registered jobless youths in the
district. The earmarked land is at
Kongowe.

JPRS~SSA-85-055
1 July 1985

TANZANIA


MUDENDA PLEDGES CONTINUED SUPPORT FOR PLO

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 12 May 85 p 7

[Text]

cso:

3400/394

ZAMBIA will continue to
give its unqualified sup-
Port to the Palestine

iberation Organisation
(PLO) in its struggle for a
Palestinian home land.

Chairman of the Appoint-
ment and- Disciplinary
committee Mr Elijah
Mudenda said Zambia
supported. the full im-
plementation of _aill,
United: Nations _resolu-
tions on the creation of a
free Palestine.

Mr Mudenda was speaking
at the official opening of
the PLO embassy in
Lusaka on Friday night
which was attended by
Dr Sami Musaliam poli-
tical . advisor to PLO.
chairman Mr’ Yasser
Arafat.

Mr _ Mudenda said the
PLO’s décision to open
an embassy in the capital
was a clear manifestation
of the warm: relations
that existed between the
PLO and Zambia.

“Today, we re-affirm our
commitment and support
and. we call for. the full
implementation of all
United’ Nations resolu-
tions on-the creation of a
free Palestine. In. this

* respect Zambia will con-
tinue. to’ work with: all
progressive forces of the

80

world in: ‘condemning
Israel’s expansionist.
policies, particularly in

the usurpation of Arab:

land- and’ justified
massacres of Palestinian
Peoples,” Mr Mudenda

said.
The: opening of the em-.

bassy would assist much
coordin:

wards the fulfilment of
the goats of the Palesti-
nian people under’ PLO

leadership.
And Dr Musaliam said
Zambia’s principled

stand contrasted sharply
with the unjust position
adopted by the United

‘States which had refused
to recognise the inalien-
able rights of the Pales-
tinian’ people.

Washington continued to
give unlimited and in-
conditional “support to
Israel enabling it to
continue with its policies
of aggression and war
against the Palestinians
and other Arabs.

And speaking in an in-
terview later, Dr Musa-:
liam who is also member
of the central committee
of the PLO said there
had been attempts by
some states in’ the

- Middle East to disrupt
the unity of the PLO.

JPRS~SSA~85-055 °
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA


JPRS~$54~85~95
“055
1 July 1985

ANGOLA

OIL PRODUCTION INCREASE MOSTLY FROM OFFSHORE FIELDS

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
7 May 85 p 2

[Text] W. An. Frankfurt--In Angola, the former Portuguese overseas province,
oil production in 1984 increased to 9.5 million tons as against 8.3 million
tons in 1983. The foreign currency proceeds increased in 1984 to over one
billion dollars ,roughly 30 percent more than in 1983. The share of oil in the
total export value amounts to about 90 percent. The oil industry is in Angola,
where the insurgent’ movement Unita makes the economic development more diffi-
cult and hampers it, by far the most important pillar of the economy. Since
additional oil fields have recently been discovered, a renewed increase in pro-
duction is to be expected. Production of nearly 12 million tons is expected
in 1985.

The latest increase is attributable especially to the start of production in
the Takula field in the offshore area of the enclave of Cabinda, where the
Cabinda Gulf Oil Company is active. Its shareholders are the state Sociedade
Nacional de Combustiveis de Angola (Sonangol), Luanda, with 51. percent and the
U.S. Gulf Oil Corporation, Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania), with 49 percent. In the
Takua field the production is now about 93,000 barrels a day (1 barrel = 159
liters). Starting in July 1985 it is to be raised to 110,000 barrels a day.

At the end of February 1985, oil production started in the offshore field of
Palanca, which is located in concession block 3. The daily rate initially
amounts to 11,000 to 12,000 barrels and is to increase to 30,000 barrels later
on (1.5 million tons annually). Operating company is here the Elf Angola, a
subsidiary of the French Elf Aquitaine, Paris, which has a 50-percent share in
the block concession. Other partners are the U.S. Mobil Oil Corporation, New
York (25 percent), and the Italian Agip SpA (15 percent). Furthermore, in
Block 3 the Pacassa field was discovered, where production is expected to
start in October or November 1985. .

Further oil discoveries have recently been made in concession block 2, which
is also located in the offshore field. There, first of all the Lebomba East
field was discovered in which a second exploration well was recently sunk.
Test production amounted to 5,000 barrels a day. Furthermore, in the south of
block 2, the Tubarao field was discovered, where the test production of the
first exploration well came to 2,900 barrels a day. The management in this



JPRS~SSA-85-055
1 July 1985

ZIMBABWE

ZAPU ELECTS BLACK BULL AS ELECTION SYMBOL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 3 Jun 85 p 4
[Text]

i the ointry’s problems
» to flee

He said the ban on Za-
‘po cal and other op:

campaign symbol

-. Sere pik ye

cso: 3400/422

108



cso:

3400/392

tule in Namibia and
South Africa itself.
‘But if, the present
Tulers maintain their
stance, they will be
supplanted by force.

African National
Congress (ANC) and
the South-West Africa
People’s Organisation
(SWAPO) freedom.
fighters are determin-
ed to prosecute the
liberation war until
victory is won.

The United States
government will be do-
ing itself a lot of
good by being frank
with South Africans
about what lies. ahead.
They must be told that
change is. inevitable.

Blacks are rioting
day in and day. out.
They are fighting for
social change. They
want the government
to change the laws that
separate them from
their fellow com-
patriots, the laws that
‘underline their in-
equality.

Apartheid is not
democracy; so the
Americans cannot say
they are. protecting a
democratic country.

The world com-
munity is keenly wait-
ing for the day when
the United States will
raise its big stick and
crush apartheid to rub-
ble. It must do a
Nicaragua in South
Africa.

78



MASHEKE PRAISES NEW ARMY COMMANDER, URGES MODESTY

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 15 May 85 p 1

[Text]

THE Zambia national defence forces. must stay clean and
vigilant if they are to successfully. defend Zambia.

Outgoing army comman-
der and new Defence
Minister General Malimba
Masheke said in Lusaka
yesterday that the military
must never be known for
affluence but it should
always reflect’modesty and
self-sacrifice.

At a colourful fareweil
parade staged for him by
the Zambia Army at
Arakan barracks, Gen
Masheke said just as: the
soldiers took oath to die for
their country, they must
show care for the people
they served and the pro-
perty they protected.

“I would like all officers.
and men throughout the
defence force to. work

hard towards. building a .

strong and clean defence:
force. Our. motto and
guiding spirit should be to
leave the force better than
we found it."

The defence forces must
not slacken in. their duties:
despite the obvious cons-
traints they were facing. It
was common knowledge
that finances were scarce
but the little that was
available should be put to

* full use.

“As soldiers, we must
not be known for any
affluence but always reflect
modesty and self-sacrifice.”

The army should feel.
proud that the few things
that it had done - had
caught the eye: of the
appointing authorities who
had “decided that the

Defence Ministry should
now be headed by « soldier.

The entire force should
accept this as a challenge
and should not relent -in
its duties.

He called for cooperation
between soldiers. and
civilians to build a defence
force that will be dedicated
to. duty and: loyal to the
leadership of the Party and
its. Government and. the
people of Zambia.

Gen Masheke told the”

audience, which included
all service chiefs, that his
‘New appointment was an
achievement by the whole
army,

His 21-year service im the
army had shaped. his
character and his. appoint-
ment should not, therefore,
be credited-to him alone.

He appealed to the
soldiers’ to courcrate with

their new . commander, *

Major-General Christon
Tembo who. had been his
deputy for almost five
years.

He described Gen Tembo
as a man: of intelligence
and unquestionable loyalty
whiclt was why President
Kaunda had appointed him
army commander. -

Gen Tembo earlier said
while the soldiers would
miss Gen Masheke, they
wished him well in his new
job.

Gen Masheke had
rendered distinguished and
loyal service to Zambia.

104

JPRS-SSA-85-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA


cso:

3400/392

Earlier Mr Musokotwane
said Namboard and pro-
vincial cooperative unions
should. coordinate their
operations and ensure that
all produce was hauled to
safety during this. year’s
marketing season.

“We will not. tolerate
professional rivalry from
either Namboard ‘or the
unions. We. expect the two
organisations to work to-
gether because they have
one goal—to buy all the
crops trom farmers.’”

Mr’ Musokotwane was
accompanied by Works and
Supply Minister Mr Has-
well Mwale, Cooperatives:
Minister Mr Justin .Mu-

. kando, Minister of State for

Agriculture and Water
Development Mr_ Daniel
Munkombwe and Minister
of State for Labour and
Social Services Mr Richard
Banda.

The meeting was opened.
by newly-appointed Central’
Province Member of the
Central Committee’ Mr
Rankin Sikasula who. said
the region’s crop produc-
tion figures had shot up by
20 per cent—the highest
throughout Zambia.

Mr Kantbela feared. that
late arrival of grain bags
would result in farmers

89

failing’ to deliver’. their
crops on time.

He called for a ‘“‘decisive
agreement’? over crop
marketing - arrangements
between Namboard and the
cooperatives as discussions
had dragged on for some-
timenow. . .

Government should
define the role of the
unions over marketing of
produce.

Mr. Musokotwane said
cooperatives in Zambia
were a way of life and the
Party and its Government
had no desire to weaken
them. - _
And Chifubu Member of
Parliament Mr Godfrey
Simasiku has appealed to
the Office of the Prime
Minister to retrieve the
more than 70,000. empty
grain bags now lying idle at
the . Zambia ‘ailways
shed in Ndola.

The Government should
repossess the bags which
have been lying there for
more than five months after
the consignment was seized
from a goods train bound
for Zaire.

Mr, Simasiku said there
was a danger of the sacks
lisappearing unless they
were transferred to the

customs and excise yard:



DUTCH GOVERNMENT DONATES MONEY FOR SCHOOL

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 6 Jun 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

3400/419

THE Dutch government.
is giving more than

:RS0 000 to Get Ahead

Limited to run
nine winter schools _in
urban and rural areas.
“Mr Don ‘MacRobert,
managing director of the
company, yesterday said
be

“It very generously
offered to sponsor a
number of winter
schools in the township
and some rural areas,”
he said.

He said the sponsor- |
ship was more: than!
R50 000...» |

“The Get Ahead
schools would be run for
three weeks during the ,
‘June/July ‘school holidays’
and during the Septem- i
ber break.

“Get ‘Ahead, whose i
rectorsinclude Dr. |
Nthato Motlana :{chair-
man) «anw ‘mr. ‘Kaizer |
‘Motaung was founded a
few years ago.” i

The aims and objec-
tives of the company in-
clude?

e "attempls to-cut
(pe wherever possible;
to make Joans. ‘in the
informal sector,

57

JPRS~SsA~g5.
055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



NATION'S JEWS LAUNCH NEW GALILEE PROJECT IN ISRAEL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Jun 85 p 34

[Text] A ‘MULTEMILLION
rand project to involve
South African Jewry in
the devlopment of the

Dr Gissin’ said the

r
i
g
H

Hi
8
r

ite

csO: 3400/420
53

i

JPRS~SSA~85~055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS~SSA~85~-055
1 July 1985

PREPARATIONS UNDER WAY FOR UN DECADE FOR WOMEN CONFERENCE

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 24 May 85 pp 7-8

[Text]

SINCE its withdrawal from the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organisation (Unesco) at the
end of last year, the United States has
been increasingly determined to achieve
its self-declared goal “to restore American
leadership” in all international organisa-
tions in which America is a member, and
especially the UN and its affiliated
agencies. Behind this determination has
been an agressive campaign by the US to
combat what it considers “extraneous
politicisation” of the specialised agencies
and other forums of the UN.

That determination is likely to cause
trouble at the UN Women’s Decade Con-
ference in Nairobi in July, as the US seeks
to block the conference from discussing
issues relating to the new international
economic order and the plight of women
living under the South African racist
regime and the occupied territories of

“Namibia and Palestine, among other

things. The US. insists that such issues
will merely deflect, the conference from
addressing itself to the genuine concerns
of women world-wide. Most third world
nations, however, maintain that the
issues are legitimate business of the con-
ference since they formed part of the dis-
cussions at two previous UN-sponsored
women conferences, in Mexico in 1975
and Copenhagen in 1980, whose achieve-

- ments the Nairobi meeting is expected to

review. A “policy” paper prepared by the
Washington-based right wing think-tank,
the Heritage Foundation, in February this
year, urged the Reagan administration to
use its economic and political clout to
steer the Nairobi conference from such
issues ‘and “influence its outcome”,
failing which the US should threaten to
withdraw’ from the conference and

withhold payment of its share of con-
ference financing, estimated at about 25
per cent of the total budget.

The US assistant secretary of state for
international organisation affairs, Mr.
Gregory Newell, said in Nairobi this week
that his-country was “working very hard”
to avoid the political issues getting on the
agenda of the July meeting, but added
that so far there has not been any change
in America’s plans to go ahead with the
conference. °

Hardly six weeks to the conference,
however, the final agenda has yet to be

-agreed upon. Two preparatory meetings,

one in Vienna in March and the other in
New York two weeks ago, ended in near
chaos as the US and a number of western
supporters dug in their heels concerning
the “political” issues. Meanwhile,
delegates from some 50 countries were last
week meeting-in Arusha, Tanzania, to

_draw up an agenda for South African and

Namibian delegations to the Nairobi con-
ference. And as the day or reckoning
draws near, there are fears that the words*
of the Heritage Foundation paper could
-turn out to be, prophetic, that “US pre-
paration for the conference should not
‘be construed as a commitment to parti-
cipate”’.

Even as the various factions were haggl-
ing over the wording and content of the
final working document, the US is said to
have been especially nervous about a
meeting of non-governmental organisa-
tions (NGOs), dubbed Forum ‘85,
scheduled to take place in Nairobi a week
before the main conference to draw up
strategies for lobbying the delegates on a
wide range of key issues affecting women
in various parts of the world. NGOs have
been playing an increasingly important

15

KENYA



the task of eliminating “bottlenecks” within labour policies — ie to find away
to eliminate strikes. His report was presented on May 1st 1979.

The government responded with indecent haste: a White Paper was
circulated between May and October 1979 and in the latter month a new
Industrial Conciliation Amendment Act was introduced. In the following
month the National Manpower Commission was established, headed by
Professor Wiehahn himself. Industrial relations were seen to be fluid and the
role of the original Wiehahn Commission was more or less to design and plan
alabour policy and programme for the sustained surveillance and control of
the industrial relations system. Its recommendations included one unitary
trade union system rather than separate systems, although there was
provision for racially exclusive trade unions. At the. outset, the
recommendations included the need for registration for full participation in
the industrial relations system. This meant the disclosure of membership
records, names of officials and the union’s financial affairs to the registrar.
Initially, only permanent urban workers were eligible for. trade union
organisation — but following an outcry from the organised movement the
right to trade union membership was extended to contract workers. The
establishment of an Industrial Court to deal with unfair practices was clearly
intended to condition employers to the new dispensation and to provide a
carrot for registration.

Co-option?
There are various interpretations of the Wiehahn legislation. Their
importance lies in the degree to which unions take the legislation at face value
and accept the provisions of the Labour Relations Act and its subsequent
amendments. Full participation in the Industrial Relations System includes
registration, access to industrial conciliation boards, the industrial courts
and the various other ‘concessions’. The danger lies in the possibility of co-
option by the employers and control by the State. Wiehahn set out to design
and plan a labour policy and programme among other things for the
sustained surveillance and control of the industrial relations system, thé
importance of the registration process ought not to be-minimised. It is the
first step in the process of control and the institutional mechanism by which
the finances, membership, office personnel and proceedings of the union can
be monitored by the State.

Itcomesas no surprise that the Labour Relations Amendment Act of July
1984 retrieved the initiative for the state and made it more difficult for
unregistered unions to reach agreements with employers. The amendment
provides that agreements reached between employers and unions are not
enforceable in court if either party fails to supply the Dept. of Manpower with
details of their constitutions, membership, office address, names of office
bearers and fails to keep its finances in good order. The amendment was a
response to the success the unions had in winning recognition agreements
without succumbing to the monitoring processes involved in formal
registration. By 1983, 194 unions with an average membership size of 6,566
had registered and many of them had participated in the industrial
conciliation machinery and the Industrial Court. In the latter case with some
success, although the flexibility and favourable disposition of the Court isin

jeopardy with hints from the state that the interpretation of unfair labour
practice will be more limited in the future. Approximately 46 unions with an



cso:

3400/386

‘* The committee’s terms of reference include
‘establishing the extent of agricultural Jand ex-
spropriated from. Indians under the Group Areas
Act, land expropriated for the ‘consolidation. of
national. states, the type of farming iin which

‘Indians were now. engaged arid “other types of,

‘farming which would be suitable. .
Mr Dookie said Indian farmers owned of

i ‘eased 24844 ha. but ‘the land shiortage ‘was still

In the interim, he said, his department would
lease land which ‘would not bé used in the next

” five to 10 years to Indian farmers for ‘short-
: term cash crop use’. .

48



| U.S. CRITICIZED FOR BOYCOTT HYPOCRISY

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 11 May 85 p 1

|
|
| [Editorial]
| [Text]

THE politics of South
America maybe entire-
ly different from: the
politics of Southern
Africa in relation to
United States foreign
policy.

And yet’ in both

situations, it is the.

United States which
has all the’ political
power and economic
leverage to influence
change — peaceful or
violent.

It is against this
background that the
imposition of a trade
embargo on Nicaragua
by the Reagan admini-
stration last week,
must have surprised
many people’ in these
parts of the world.

While Washington
is. ready to flex its big
muscle against the so-
called Marxists in
Managua, the United
States is totally un-
willing to do the same
against racist South
Africa,

For how long will
the American govern-
ment continue to pur-
sue a policy that

77

thrives on ‘contradic-
tions? The. US is
prepared to apply
sanctions on Poland
(1981) and now. Nica-
ragua but not against
Pretoria. Why? , ‘

We agree with the 36"
American citizeris resi-
dent in Zimbabwe who
yesterday urged their
government to get
tough with President
Pieter Botha and his
clique. Time for this
move is long'overdue.

The trade ban on-

Nicaragua must be lift-
ed immediately and
comprehensive sanc-
tions imposed against
the enemies of peace in
the sub-continent.

It is‘ only by acting
decisively against
Pretoria:that Washing-
ton can influence
peaceful change in
South Africa’ and
Namibia.

President’ Kaunda
and other men of
goodwill throughout
the world would like to
see a peaceful transi-
tion to black majority

JPRS~SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA



JPRS~SSA~85~-055
1 July 1985

BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

SADCC PROJECTS REVIEWED-~The SADCC’ Council of Ministers “meeting ‘held in Maseru,
Lesotho, during the past 2 weeks under the chairmanship ‘of ‘the vice president,
‘Mr Peter Mmusi, has reviewed progress of SADCC projects. The projects included

wildlife, tourism, mining, manpower, industry, forestry, energy, agricultural
research,. animal ‘disease control, transport and communications, soil and water
conservation, and the*Southern*African Development Fund. The council meeting,
which was preceeded by a‘standing committee of officials‘ meeting, also approved
recommendations ‘aimed ‘at“improving ‘the efficiency’ of the organization's opera~
tional structures and procedures. ‘The council also approved the budget for the
SADCC secretariat for ‘the financial year 1985-86, The vice president and minis-
ter of finance and development planning ‘said the council also considered pro-
posals: for the Nordic countries‘to deepen and broaden cooperation between them
and SADCC countries. Dr-Mmusi said’ SADCC.was going to"take part in the OAU sum-
mit on the economic situation’of Africa-to be held in Addis Ababa later this
year. The ‘council also reviewed preparations for ‘next’ SADCC. annual conference,
which would consider SADCC's secretariat strategies covering the next 5 years
of cooperation to-be held in\Zimbabwe’ in January 1986. [Excerpt] [Gaborone
“Domestic Service in’ English 0510 GMT 5 Jun 85 MB]

CANADIAN RAILROAD AID--The ‘Canadian Government, through “the Canadian Inter-
national Development Agency, CIDA,’ will,give Botswana 8.38 million pula for the
purchase of 20 locomotives “for. Botswana Railways. An ‘agreement’ to this effect
“was signed yesterday’ by ‘the vice president and minister.of finance and develop-
ment planning, Mr’Peter Mmusi, and the Canadian high commissioner ‘to Botswana,
Mr Roger Bull. A statement.issued' immediately after the ‘agreement was signed
says 20 new diesel electric locomotives will be bought from.General Motors of
Canada. This’ will add to a. fleet of- 12 locomotives already bought, making
Botswatia self-sufficient in‘locomotive power. Total cost for the 20 engines,
including spare parts and training, is estimated at 43 million pula. Additional
funds are’ being ‘negotiated’ with ‘the”"Export Development ‘Corporation of Canada
and the ‘balance will.come from domestic resources. ~The locomotives are
scheduled to*be delivered next year. [Excerpts] [Gaborone Domestic Service in
English 0510°GMT 6 Jun 85 MB]

cso: 3400/387

10



Those who oppose this liberalism are being called “theological racists." And
bound up with this outlook is the unprincipled misuse by leftist theologians
in the churches--as in politics--of the terms, "change" and "renewal" and the
sacrilegious use of the beautiful word, "reform."

“the liberal 'cold sour mash' that is routinely forced down our throats by the
spoken and written word and through the’ media is concealed under a sugar coat-
ing of misleading terms."

All conservative theologians, at least from the three Afrikaner churches, are
called upon to reflect in a purposeful, penetrating and scholarly manner, on
the Christian-national basis of certain imperatives.

Thus the Christian basis for the diversity of peoples, on which separateness is
founded, must be clearly stated. It is not only theology that must take the
floor in this matter, but the other professional disciplines related to it as
well, because their motivation is also based on. Christian principles.

The close relationship between church on one side and people and culture on the
other, must then be elucidated, in order among other. things, to,make it clear
that the Gospel is truly being served by the separate churches. What unity in
Christ really means. will have to be clearly demonstrated, and this does not im-
ply that all believers of the same widely-professed, reformed creed must be
demonstratively forced together’ into a single church institution and worship
under a single church roof.

According to the working paper, the leftist theologians labor under a “hyper-
spiritualized" notion of a church that leaves the church itself hanging uncer-
tainly in thin air above and outside of the separate peoples and cultures and
still under a falsified spirituality that puts it far higher and more sublime
than the other social relationships such as family, state, school and so on.

"We must now live, work, fight and build in a country that is hard-pressed and
suffering under the affliction of a-neo-progressive government consisting
chiefly of Afrikaners. What we may not forget, however, and it gives deep
meaning to our study task--also concerned with this burning subject--is that
knowledge is power.

"T¢ we have 100 players on our spiritual offensive side and spiritually fit
partners who can manage their own line of business and reasoning, they are
worth more than 5 000 half-hearted dotibting Thomases‘on the other side. Nei-
ther need it be learned theologians who plunge themselves into deep thought
at these study sessions," the document concludes.

8117
CSO: 3401/212

52



ZAMBIA

Briefs
Czechoslovakian Ceramic Aid
Mkapa Reassures Malawi Refugees
Indian Food Announced

U.S. Criticized. for Boycott Hypocrisy
(Editorial; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 11 May 85) .cccecsscecccceece

Kaunda Receives Czechoslovakian Memorial Medal
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 10 May 85) .eccccsecvccccvevcceeeseeee

Mudenda Pledges Continued Support .for PLO
(SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 12 May 85) ..ceccesscceccceccencs

Court Refuses To Hear ZCTU Suit Against Subscription Law
(ZAMBIA DAILY. MAIL, 15 May 85) .eccececccccccccvccccecaeee

GDR Pledges Continued Aid, Training
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 8 May 85) ...cccsccescceccescccssceecs

Emergency Food Aid Needed in Luangwa.District
(Austin Chijikwa; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 8 May 85) ......eeeeeee

Poland Offers Aid Package. for Agriculture, Manufacturing
(ZAMBIA DAILY. MAIL, 6 May 85) ..ceceeee

Bumper Harvest Expected This Year
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 14 May 85) seccccceceecerceccssrssseees

Relief Food Arrives From Zimbabwe
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 11 May 85) ..cccccccccecececececececes

Labor Chief Issues Check Off System Guidelines
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, -4 May 85) .ccsccaccececceccvcecceceseses

Zimba Calls for State-Labor Discussions
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 11 May 85) .....

Malauni Says State Supports Labor in Principle
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 14 May. 85). cescsccecevceccececceccuces

ZFE Bans Striking Workers From Receiving Pay
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 7 May 85) ceccsececvcccseccccceesseces

Salary Increases Not Yet Implemented
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 16 May 85) .ececcsceeccceccecssesssees

District Pays ADB Contractor Instead of State
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 3 May 85) ..scccsccsseeeccvscesceceves

-d-

75
75

77

79

80

81

83

84

86

88

90

91

92

94

96

98

99


CSO:

[ficial tesidence’ and office
© of the State President. In
' Pretoria they will have

‘Union Buildings.

“If I can do something
| to “lighten his burden,
«then J will feel Iam mak-
ing a contribution,” Mr
Louw told The Citizen in
‘an interview,

As Minister of Admin-

: istration and Eoonomic -

‘Services, Mr

‘Advisory
» Louw’s portfolio. will in-
clude the Commission of ,

Administration, Statisti-
cal Services, the Central

! Economic Advisory Ser-

vice and the. soon-to-be
appointed Economic Ad-
visory

from Home Affairs to Mr
* Louw’s department. He
will thus become political
boss of the whole oil ser-

he holds a BA degree,
.with ‘economics and psy-
t-chology as'his major sub-
{.jects;-has worked within
» the Department of Justice
and former Department
:of Labour; has been an
attorney since 1956 and
‘was mayor of ‘his’ home
town of Loeriesfontein in

Finance. _

He has served on select
committees or Cabinet
committees dealing with
-economic, .and finance
matters, energy. affairs,
x justice, social matters and
“constitutional issues. ‘He

3400/419

adjoining offices in the

69

is also a member of the
State President's Com-

‘mittee for National Prio-

Tities. :
Mr Low said ‘he ad-

“mired South Africa’s pub-.

lic servants. “I have a
high regard for our State
+officials. I believe they

:who make ‘an input in this



JPRS~SSA-85-055,
1 July 1985

LIBERIA

BRIEFS

FRG PLEDGES ECONOMIC AID--West Germany has pledged" about 61 ‘million kwacha in
economic aid to Malawi*between this year and next year.” The pledge was made by
“the West ‘German ‘economic cooperation: minister, ‘Mr’ Jurgen Warnke, at’a news con-
ference in ‘Lilongwe before departure at the end ofa visit to Malawi. Mr Warnke
explained ‘that his government decided: to allocate the money’ to "Malawi because
of this country's ‘high degree*of ‘efficiency in development ‘that is currently
‘taking place. Dr‘Warnke also said he was particularly “impressed by Malawi's
persistent efforts in pursuing a policy that sees agriculture: as‘a-basis of
organizing development of other sectors. He. thanked this country's leadership
for encouraging the exchange.of ‘visits’ which, he said, has resulted in the cor-
dial relationship ‘between Malawi and West Germany. [ext] [Blantyre Domestic
Service in English.1600 GMT 17° May 85 MB]

STUDENT ‘DEMONSTRATORS. STAND ‘TRIAL--Freetown, 3 June (AFP)--Two ‘lecturers of the
University of Freetown today gave’ testimony against six‘students of the uni-
versity charged‘with disorderly conduct and ‘willful “damage to property during
demonstrations on the campus on 29 April 1985. One of the lecturers specific—
ally ‘asserted that 2 of the accused were among a group°of about 50 students
which set the’vice ‘chancellor's ‘ear on fire. The trial of the six accused,

who are leaders‘of the students’ union, hasbeen adjourned’ until 1 July. [Text]
[Paris AFP in ‘French 1743 GMT 3 Jun 85 AB]

BENIN DONATES CORN--By ‘a“message dated 15 May 1985, the People's ‘Republic of
Benin, through its embassy ‘in Accra, donated ‘to our country 500 tons of corn

as its contribution toward efforts being made to alleviate the effects of the
drought. This*gesture shows’ the bonds of friendship between the two revolution-
ary peoples, determined*to give an example of active solidarity between the
people [words “indistinct]. [Text] [Ouagadougou Domestic Service in French

1900 GMT 6 Jun 85 AB]

cso: 3400/396

24



cso:

ithe areas of jurisdiction of f committees.
zall local government bod- *

des. authorities which either
‘Demarcation of the do not apply any of the
“areas of jurisdiction of the measures or.do 80. inad-
* proposed ser- equately, with the result
vices councils would also that Coloured and Indian
j be assigned to.the provin- ‘communities do not have
:-¢ial authorities. : | a proper say in those mat- .
.. “These. areas of local ters affecting their lives,”
authority and - regional _ Said the Department.
council jurisdiction will ‘At'its March meeting,
‘be determined after con-° [ te. Co-ordinating Coun-
sultation with the parties : cil ‘unanimously recom. «
‘seoncened and after con- ' | mended tothe .Govern-
~sideration of a written re-' ment: “That ‘steps be '
port by the proposed De- taken to ensure that man-
smmarcation Board. “agement, | “consultative —
’ Demarcation is a gen- ‘ and local affairs commit- {
” eral affair and the Demar- tees now only have advi-
ation Board will, there- sory functions, but that fi-
fore, be appointed by the nal decision-making pow-
Minister of Constitutional ers be allocated to these
Development and Plan- committees.” -.
;:hing in consultation with A select committee of
1 the all-race co-ordinating
The Department says
;in :a*memorandum that
“Yocal “government ‘areas
. “must be able to be.de-
 maracated as a geographi-

| eally,. identifiable unit”
and that the size and de-
‘velopment _.. ..:potential
; Should make them  self-
hay teed Soe ah
y Bill is that Coloured.
and Indian management

‘bodies will be given final
« Becision.making powers
Jocal government is-

i eee
» ent /published regu: .

ions designed :to im-.' will the have direct rep-
"prove communication be- esentation on the Re-
tween White local author- ‘gional Services ‘Councils
ities and management » ‘which are to'be instituted
Bodies — management | in terms of legislation '
., committees, local affairs now before Parliament.

* committees and advisory

3400/421

67



‘Iwo telephone numbers. are furnished for the "talk-partners" to dial during the
election campaign: 72668, the Bloemfontein office of the KP, which. lost the by-
election by a close shave; and 014-392-11112, the numberof Atty (Cehill) Pie-
naar, the KP candidate in Harrismith.

According to these documents, Mr Kallie van der Merwe, chairman of TG, spoke as
follows in.his opening address to a meeting at the national’ executive conference
concerning the primary ideal of the-secret organization:

"The ideal of an Afrikaner nation where the’ Afrikaner can govern himself."

He pleaded for: "total self-determination," wherein "we must plan and realize the
process of disentanglement . in
all facets of life." -To this he added: " Disentanglement is not tantamount
to a covered-wagon cult" [referring tothe historical "trek" of the Afrikaners

away from the British]

The national executive conference, the high command of the organization, has
further recommended that its branches or cells, the conference groups, must be
members of SABRA [South African Bureau of Racial Affairs], the far-rightist body
whose position on colored homelands has contributed to the schism of Dr Andries
Treurnicht and his followers from the NP.

It is being left to the conference groups to come up with a name under which
they will be received as members. It was also further decided that we shall
make use of the study material available from SABRA," Circular No. 6 reads.

In a later circular, reference was made to.“'rightist members" who had resigned
from the Ruiterwag {Horse Guard]. "A. list of Ruiterwag members who have re-
signed will in due time be sent out to all the conference groups, so that they
may be brought in as members after due consideration by us," Circular No. 7

goes on to say.

8117
CSO: 3401/212

60



appealing to women around the world. to
proclaim their solidarity with them and to
give them moral support in their struggle
against Zionism. The US was opposed to
the declaration for its equation of Zionism
with racism, but in spite of that the
declaration was adopted with an
. overwhelming majority. Over the years,
the: special recognition accorded the
Palestinian and Arab women in Mexico
has been extended on record to women in
* Namibia and South Africa.

At, the mid-decade conference in
Copenhagen in 1980, the Palestinian
Liberation Organisation was given obser-
ver ‘status and their large delegation
managed successfully to lobby for the
incorporation in the only official con-
fererice document — the 1980 Programme
of Action — of a request for all inter-
national organisations, governments and
other groups to provide assistance to
Palestinian women “in consultation: and
co-operation with the PLO as the
legitimate representative ‘of the Palesti-
nian people’. The US, which had never,
given recognition to the PLO, went into a
fit.

- As if that were not enough, 1980
Programme of Action also called for “the
complete eradication of .apartheid in
South Africa and Namibia through the
assumption of power by the people” and
commended the efforts of the South West
Africa People’s Organisation (Swapo), the
African National Congress (ANC) and the
Pan-African Congress (PAC) in their
struggle against apartheid. and domina-
tion by white South Africa. (According to
Heritage, Swapo, ANC and PAC conduct
or support terrorism). The Programme of
Action also endorsed the new inter-
national economic order “as a matter of
‘social justice”. All these recommenda-
tions angered the US. .
‘This time, the US seems determined

. that the pdlitical issues should not be
worked into the official working document.

“or the formal agenda of the conference.
And this has led to the breakdown of two
preparatory meetings after the delegates
could not agree on the wording and
content of the document.

In March, officials from the countries
participating in the conference met in
Vienna, Austria, to discuss the working

document, entitled Forward Looking’

Strategies. Right from the start, the
delegates broke into the typical UN
groupings of western group, eastern
bloc and non-aligned Group of 77. All

three parties rejected the original draft:

17

paper prepared by the conference:
secretariat. But when it was agreed that
each group work out a new paper for dis-
cusion to seek a consensus, only the non-
aligned group actually made amendments"

to. the original paper. The eastern bloc:

paper was merely a diatribe of the usual
communist rhetoric, while the western
group, led by the US, merely prepared
guidelines on how they felt the secretariat
and the conference in general should.
approach their business. .

In an effort to seek a compromise, the.
non-aligned group sponsored a resolution ©
requiring that the secretariat reconstitute
the working paper, using the amendments
by the non-aligned group as the founda-
tion but taking into consideration the
views put forward by the eastern and
western groups. The eastern group was
willing to go along with this, but discus-
sions broke down when the US delegation,
led by Ms. Maureen Reagan (daughter of
President Ronald Reagan) rejected the
proposal. According ‘to conference
sources, Maureen. Reagan hurled
some hard words at Kenya’s minister,
Matiba, who, as the leader, of the
delegates from the conference’s host
country had been asked by the Group of
77 to read the proposed resolution to the
plenary session of the preparatory com-
mittee. The meeting ended in discord and
there was uncertainty as to whether or not
there would be a Nairobi conference.

After the failure in Vienna, it appeared
that the original secretariat document
would be taken to Nairobi and the haggl-
ing continued there. The UN general
assembly however, directed that another
preparatory committee meeting be held in
-New York earlier this month. After eight
days of meeting the delegates still could
not agree on 98 out of 300 paragraphs in
the documents: Again, the main disagree-
ments hinged on the question of
apartheid, Namibia and the issue of
Palestinian women. There were also dis-
agreements on the issues of conference
procedures, with the US and most of the
western group trying to ensure that’ con-
ference resolutions would be adopted by
consensus, while the non-aligned and the
socialist groups favoured decision-making
by majority vote. .

While the preparatory committee were
banging their heads in New York, an
international conference on women and
children under apartheid was being held
at Arusha, Tanzania, to work out an
agenda for Namibian and South African
delegates to the Nairobi conference. Items
on the agenda of the conference, attended



COMMUNIST PARTY HOLDS SIXTH CONGRESS

London THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST in English Second Quarter 1985 pp 5-8

[Text]

Recently, the 6th Congress of the South African Communist Party was held.
Attended by tens of delegates, the Congress was characterised by the
revolutionary enthusiasm and confidence of its participants who were
inspired by the continuing mass upsurge in South Africa and the important
contribution of the working class to this struggle.

The Congress carried outan extensive review of the work of the] Party i inthe
period since the last Congress. Discussion focussed on the task of further
strengthening the Party ideologically, politically and organisationally as well
as heightening its contribution to the struggle for the victory of the national
democratic revolution and the advance towards a socialist South Africa.

It also debated all aspects of the developing situation in South Africa,
paying particular attention to the further enhancement of the role of the
working class as the leaderofthe national liberation and socialist struggles in
our country.

The Congress also discussed the international situation. In this regard, it
paid particular attention to the counter-revolutionary offensive of the
apartheid regime in Southern Africa and the role of US impetialism in this
campaign. It also laid special emphasis on the urgent question of world
peace.

The participants noted that the Party had continued to grow in strength,
especially inside our country, drawing into its ranks outstanding working
class and youth activists in particular. Enemy efforts to destroy it, which how
span a period of 35 years, have failed.

Lying enemy propaganda which seeks to project Marxism-Leninism as an
ideology that is foreign to the people of South Africa, and our Party asa tool of
foreign powers, and not a representative and the Vanguard Party of the
working class of our country, has also been rejected by the masses of our

‘ople.

PeThe conditions therefore exist for the further growth of our. Party,
attracting to itself the most advanced and conscious sons and daughters of
the working class of our country. At the same time, this organisational work
as well as the practical, political and ideological involvement of our Party
with the workers in particular, will ensure the continued growth of the
influence of the communist cause and énable the working class of our
country to carry out its historic mission of taking Power from the capitalist
class and building a socialist society.

34

JPRS~SSA-85~055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA~85~-055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

YOUTH ORGANIZATION: PRESUMABLY EXTENSION OF VOLKSWAG
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 24 May 85 p 1

[Text] Secret plans to employ yor Afrikaners under the cloak of the Afrikaner
Volkswag [Afrikaner People's tuned CAV) | for far-rightist party political pur-
poses, with the objective of getting the government out of office, have been
brought to light in documents of the new secret rightist organization, Toekoms-
gesprek [Future Dialog (1G)], which have come into the possession of DIE BURGER.

One of the documents is entitled: "Concept Planning Document: Strategy for
Youth." That strategy contemplates using young Afrikaners, especially “in the
political domain, among other things “by training youths on the secondary and
tertiary [educational] levels in the objectives of the av."

The document indicates, as one of a number of "strong points," that the AV will
serve as the “organization of origin" for the youth strategy. It mentions that
the AV is acting nationwide and that AV members will support the projects of
the secret organization.

Political observers infer from this that the far-rightists have actually chosen
the AV. to play a double role, on the one hand as a cultural front" for far-
rightist politicians such as the conservative. party, and on the other, as a pub-
lic front for the secret activities of the'new rightist organization. (AV lead-
ex Prof Carel Boshoff has thus far continuously denied that the AV is acting as
a front organization for a secret rightist movement. )

Operative

In the concept-planning document, the government is sharply attacked for comply-
ing with the appeal of the UN to make 1985 national youth year, with the main
themes. of committedness,-development.and peace. “Especially as far-as the last

is concerned, the worldwide humanistic tendency is clearly discernible," the
document reads.

TG sets its goal as follows, according to the document: "In particular we must
prepare and equip young Afrikaners for the successful operative implementation
of our fundamental principles, especially in the political area."

The secret organization, which according to the documents advocates an .exclu-
sively Afrikaner nation, is’ striving for a government that is prepared to guar-

54



JPRS-SSA-85-0535
1 July 1985

LIBERIA

LUP CHAIRMAN READY TO PRESENT PARTISAN LIST TO SECOM
AB290912 Monrovia Radio ELWA in English 2000 GMT 28 May 85

[Summary from poor reception] The chairman of the Liberia Unification Party
[LUP], Mr Gabriel Kpoleh, says’ he is ready to present his partisan list to

the Special Elections Commission [Secom]. “In’an interview with ELWA News Today,
Mr Kpoleh said that he wrote the Secom on 27 May to’be‘allowed to formally pre—
sent his list on 29 May but he was informed by Secom's executive director that
Secom Chairman Harmon and“his team of commissioners were presently out of the
country and that upon their return*he would be informed about the date of the
presentation of his partisan list.

Also at the press conference today, “Mr Kpoleh made clarification about what he
termed unfounded rumors. since he delivered a statement to the head of state,
Commander “in. Chief Dr Samuel Kanyon Doe, on.25 April concerning the reported
attempt on his life.’ ‘Mr-Kpoleh said "as a result. of our statement and our
planned measures [words indistinct] rumormongers, CIC Doe gave us $150,000 to
enable us to register the LUP and withdraw fromthe campaign for the presiden-
tial race." Mr Kpoleh further told the press, "to all supporters, sympathizers,
and the public, ‘as well as our critics, we make it known again that we in no
way have’ ‘planned: ta overthrow ‘any official of the NDPL' [National Democratic
Party of Liberia] or any political party, nor are we planning to back the cam-
paign of any other opposing party." Finally, Mr Kpoleh stressed that the LUP
"will ‘not merge with any political party."

csO: 3400/396

20



cso:

3400/394

of economic Sie eating

The. MCC was speaking
Hotel Musi-oa- Tuna Miers
Continental when welcoy

delegation to a cocktail Party
he hosted in their hanaur.

Mr Liso said Zambia has
teceived tremendous support
from Poland since jepe-
ndence and noted that some
Polish nationals who have-
settled in’ Zambia. since. the
1940s, have distinguished
themselves well in industry.

While praising. the
Political relations, Mr
said however, that the econa-
mic relations .left much.to be:
desired.

“While everything is well at
the political level, ‘trade: be-
tween Zambia and Poland is
not what it should be among
friends. We must. trade ‘more
and enhance. our co-opera-
ton, ”? Mr Liso said, wt

replys ea leader of thie Polish
aelage Mr Gertych com-
mended. Zambia for having
achieved: a lot since indepe-
ndence and attributed ‘this to
the socialist path which. the
party UNIP, has taken. *

delegation was-accom-

nied to ingstone & depu-
y opcaker of National
Kombe and Naldle” Me,
Mr Njekwa Anamela,

87



commitment to find resources.

It also highlighted the poverty wages. The ratio of average African to
average white wages in 1977 — one year after the Soweto Revolt — wasone to
four in manufacturing; one to five in construction and oneto seven in mining.
Along with the below-subsistence wages went the dearth in services, the
inflated rents and food prices — and the subordinate legal status of urban
African workers and the differential legal status of migrant workers on
contract.

The changes in the economy and the growth of the urban working
population had made it more difficult for the state to contain resistance than
at any time before. Moreover the economy continued to expand: in
manufacturing, the number of firms had grown by 60% between 1945 and
1976, and led to an increase in employment, output and capital investment.
The low level of wages contrasted sharply with the high level of output per
average firm. Alter World War II, the average output per firm was R117. This
grew three times by Sharpeville and seven times by the Soweto uprising.
What was specially pertinent was the leap in the average investment in plant
and machinery — the major factor that revealed the presence of foreign
capital — which produced changes in the work process, the division oflabour
and giant increases in production. The growth in the number of workers,
work places and output is best appreciated when seen in table from:

Manufacturing 1945 1960 1976
Establishments (firms) 9,316 10,264 15,461
Av. Output - (rands) 117,800 349,600 753,500
Ay. investment in plant

and machinery (rands) 39,200 77,500 151,800

The significance of this for the labour movement — whose resistance in the
mid sixties mirrored the intensified repression that accompanied the urban
expansion and industrial concentration —'cannot be overemphasised.
Compared with the mass strikes of the 1950’s, only 2000 workers went on
strike during the 1960's. The strikes were for increased wages, improvements
in conditions and protests against political repression. But the decade was
nota militant one. It is easy for critics to say with hindsight that had the trade
union activity on the shop floor been stronger, better organised, more
militant, the character of the decade would have been less bleak for the
labour movement. But it was not an era for militant trade union activists: the
intense repression of SACTU personnel, the repressive legislation and
collusion between police, employers and the state to suppress the labour

“movement, provided little scope for a democratic mass movement of the

trade unions. Other critics point to SACT' 'U’s alliance with the Congress
Movementin the fifties, and suggest thatas a reason for the heavy retaliation
ofthe state and the consequent quiet of the late sixties. But this is to deny the very
strength of SACTU: it was from its linkage with the ANC and its allies that it drew its
vitality, resources, political assurance and the confidence of the workers — before and
long after the banning of the ANC. The alternative (a workerist approach) was to
work within the parameters of the apartheid labour legislation and court co-
option by the employers and regime. The problem is not unfamiliar in the
present time.

41



cso:

3400/389

authority which could inter:
vene in their ‘case was Parlia-
ment.

On claims by the ZCTU
that the illegal strike condi-
tion upon which the minister
telied when making Statutory
Instrument Number Six was
extraneous _ and irrelevant
because he did not take into
full consideration _ matters
in. Section 20(2) of the Indu-
strial Relations Act, Judge
Lawrence said:

“Under Section 20 (1)
the minister may by statutory
instrument make orders for
the deductions of subscrip-
tions by employers from the
wages of employees who: are
members of any: trade union
but by Sub-Sectinn 2, certain
conditions should be met.

“The question therefore is
what are these conditions
which justify the mtinister’s
making an order? I do’ not
think they are the conditions
laid down in Section 20(2),’”
Mr Justice Lawrence said.

He said the task of showing
that the minister had. acted
unlawfully and  ‘utra-vires
should haye’ been proved by
the ZCTU but this was: not.
the case,

“It is incumbent on the
applicants to show that what
the minister did. was: unlawful:
and: utra-vires’ if’ regards” to-
the powers conferred on him
by Section 20 of the Industrial
Relations Act#’ Mr Justice
Lawrence said

82



IJPRS-SSA~85~055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW SECRET SOCIETY CALLS FOR EXCLUSIVE AFRIKANER STATE
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 23 May 85 pp 1,2

[Text] An exclusively Afrikaner nation is being advocated by Toekomsgesprek
[Future Dialog (TG)], the new secret rightist organization the existence of
which was brought to light yesterday by DIE BURGER.

That most controversial pursuit, proposed by.FD chairman Kallie van der Merwe,
as the highest ideal for his secret’ organization, in the opening remarks of
his address to a meeting at the national executive conference, will, according
to expectations, have serious repercussions in far-right politics. .

The KP [Conservative Party), which is being used by the secret organization as
its parliamentary arm has for its part. thus far shied away from accepting a
white homeland as official policy. The KP, moreover, is ardently recruiting
English support, even in Natal.

One KP ally, the Afrikaner Resistance Movement (AWB), strongly supports the
concept of a Boer nation. AWB leader Eugene Terre ‘Blanche openly warned in
a recent statement that the old Boer Republic, Transvaal and the Free State,

"must be given back to the people."

The election partner of the KP, the HNP [Herstigte National Party], still
abides by the policy that Afrikaans must be the only binding language, but
does not hold out for an exclusively Afrikaner nation. Among the other far
rightists, the white homeland people, the Orange Workers, have not yet said
that there must be Afrikaners only in their white growth points, either.

According to expectations, the radical partition plans of T¢ will consequently
create problems for the KP and its allies, as well, on account of KP connec-
tions proclaimed by the secret organization.

‘In the secret organization's Circular No. 6 of Feb 1985, one of. the documents

that has come ‘into the. possession of DIE BURGER, not only was it mentioned
that. TG looks upon it as a matter of "vital\necessity" that the results of its
deliberation be "quickly and:precisely" relayed to the conservative MPs, but
also that "telephone calls are being made to talk-partners" to provide help in
the by-election to. be held shortly in Harrismith.

59



GDR PLEDGES CONTINUED AID, TRAINING

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 8 May 85 p 5

[Text]

cso:

-3400/394

THE German Democratic Re-
Beate aly (GDR) has le winied to
a true ally of Zambia in the

country’s 40th anniversary
of liberation. from Nazism,
GDR’s Ambassador to Zam-
site dee
sai count

bia maintain a of frie-

life because of Hitler’s Nazi-
sm that is why it was deter-
mined to stand by Zambia and

igtint Inpro ba .

“te ambassador assured
that his country will continue
te assist Zambia in a areas

development as was
cutrently doing.
upto the end of this year
a ing Zambians
traiaing in — different
Hibletin he OR, ”* he said,

Presently, he said, agricul-
tural experts from his coun-
try were working at the airport
farm in Lusaka. ,

tries’ leaders have exchanged
in the past.

83

JPRS~SSA-85~055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA



1 July 1985

NAMIBIA

SWAPO GENERAL SECRETARY ON. NECESSITY OF :*ARMED STRUGGLE'
AU011635 Bucharest LUMEA in’Romanian No’22,'.30 May 85 p 10

["Exclusive" interview given by Andimba Toivo-Ya Toivo, general secretary of
the South West African’ People's Organization, ‘to Aurel “Zamfirescu in Sofia,
Bulgaria--date not given]

[Text]. [Zamfirescu] Comrade general secretary, please.tell us about the cur-
rent stage of the national liberation struggle waged by’ the Namibian people
under the leadership of their sole legitimate representative, the South West
African People's Organization [SWAPO].

[Toivo Ya Toivo] We have realized ‘thatthe racist government‘in Pretoria will
never willingly renounce its colonial occupation of our country. It has become
obvious to-us that instead of ceding the state’ power to“the Namibian people, the
South African Government will:always, be ready“to'resort to new bloody repressive
actions in the'attempt to:maintain. its colonial. ‘domination and imperialist ex-
ploitation‘ofNamibia. Pretoria persists ‘in its attempt'to turn back the na~
tural course of history. ‘Consequently, the racist regime is intensifying the
policy of:terror and acts:of atrocity ‘against’ our: people.

In SWAPO's opinion, armed struggle+-for want of a political-diplomatic solu-
tion--is ‘the decisive ‘factor for’ Namibia's total ‘liberation. ‘We'can see no way
out of ‘the present deadlock, but to intensify the armed “struggle against the
South African occupation troops. The SWAPO decision to resort to armed strug-
gle for national and social independence was taken after a profound analysis of
the concrete historical: situation’in our country. It'‘became clear to our move-
ment's leadership that the Pretoria regime does not or cannot realize that the
collapse of ‘the colonial system ‘is “a characteristic feature of the comtemporary
age. . The correctness of*the historical ‘decision ‘taken by SWAPO in 1966 to re-
sort“*to armed struggle has’ been fully confirmed.

The pressure exerted by our political-military action has begun to seriously
undermine the confidence of. the colonialists, among whom ‘there is a growing
‘ feeling of insecurity, something’which has shaken one of the pillars of the
colonialist foundation in Namibia.

Through its exemplary courage and heroic anti~colonialist actions, SWAPO has
emerged’as ‘the sole authentic representative of the people's masses in Namibia.

28

JPRS-S8A~85~955 ‘


JPRS~SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

ANGOLA

CORRESPONDENT DESCRIBES JOURNEY TO CUNENE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 28 Apr 85 pp 1, 4

[Text] Lubango--I was headed toward southern Angola. The rumbling of the
helicopter carrying us pounded in our ears, but we paid no attention. Among
the team of journalists, nationals and foreigners, making the trip, there

was an enthusiastic atmosphere of laughing and joking, even though the area
to which we were being taken by the aircraft offered us no absolute guarantees
of safety. 5

Upon our departure from the Lubango air base, an air force officer had told
us confidentially that as recently as the day before South African planes had
violated the Angolan air space. And this was after Pretoria had announced
the withdrawal of its troops from Angolan territory as of 15 April.

Meanwhile, our spirited flight continued. The crew (three young Angolans

not more than 23 years of age) was highly skillful. As our flight progressed,
the crew gave us advance. notice of the areas over which we would be flying.
Among these were Cahama, Xangongo and Mongua, all of which reminded us of the
heroism and boldness of the FAPLA [Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola]
and the people against Boer expansionism and domination.

Ndjiva: City Which Does Not Despair

After a flight lasting 1 hour and 35 minutes, we landed at Ndjiva. From the
air we did not see a city teeming with life (diminutive houses in neat rows,
well-kept gardens or people and vehicles moving around); rather, we saw only
their skeletal remains. It was a horrible, repulsive sight, even for one who
was not acquainted with the city when it was full of life, Houses without

a roof, walls demolished or reduced to piles of bricks and iron; our
impression was that of a city destroyed by an earthquake.

But we were mistaken. In reality, it was an earthquake of bombs and rockets,
an earthquake produced by'man's irony. According to the mythology of
humanism, it would naturally be inconceivable that’ mankind could reach such

a point, although the two world wars of human history (not to mention local
and regional conflicts) are more than sufficient evidence of what is possible,



proceeded throughout the decade. The large-scale investment (capable of
sustaining short-term losses) made employers less dependent on police
intervention in their industrial relations and they sensed the potential for
widespread disruption of production. To some extent this was borne out in
the following year when the strikes assumed a national character: 22,000 in
the Transvaal, 23,000 in the OFS, 18,000 in Natal and 13,000 in the Cape.

Itis from this period that the democratic unions emerge, some new, some
previously formed. In 1971 there were 10 pathetic parallel unions, some of
them a fiction of their parent bodies. By 1974, in the wake of the strike wave
there were twenty five unions with 66,000 workers, 17 of these formed after
1973. Their traditions were informed by SACTU in that political
involvement in the communities and in the struggle for national
emancipation was accepted as indispensable to meaningful advances at the
economic level.

The unions learnt by trial and error on the shop floor or in the process of
organisation. What characterised the new militant unionism was their
determination to confront the power of the employers, despite the heavy
social, political (and physical) consequences. They developed their unions
without the institutional procedures of collective bargaining that the
subsequent Black Labour Relations Act provided, although they were to
learn that not even this gave them immunity from the state, employers or the
police. They were formed despite the lack of information about the formal
methods of trade union organisation — or difficulties normally associated
with the organisation of those who had never before been unionised. «

Conflict — Settlement
The Soweto uprising fuelled the flames of the new unionism, demonstrating
once again the significance of struggles beyond the shop floor. It is significant
that Wiehahn followed closely on the Soweto uprising, his Commission
beginning in 1976 and addressing itself to the potentiality of crisis in labour
relations — but not immune to the wider ramifications of industrial conflict.
The Commission, appointed to investigate labour legislation, was
confronted by a rapidly expanding number of black independent trade
unions, The economic development over the past decade had run into crisis,
described by the ruling class as structural. But it was clearly deeper.
Wiehahn was ordered to cope with “the crisis in labour” and_ the drift of
capital away from South Africa in the aftermath of Soweto: to deal with the
increased internal disputes, especially mechanisms of conflict-settlement
that did not include the security police and which were more consistent with
the various recommendations and conventions of the International Labour
Organisation and the codes of conduct referred to above. ,
Transnational investment in South Africa reflected a sensitivity to
accusations of coercive labour practices: not only at the point of production
but in the framework of the system itself. Its investment in South Africa was
dictated by the high annual return it yielded, and the earlier capacity of the
regime to contain industrial and political conflict. The entrepreneurs had in
asense invested in the regime as much asin the various economic enterprises.
The conditions that would be most conducive to the reproduction of their
capital required a re-ordering of the institutional arrangements, particularly
those that were overtly discriminatory. Together with the task of finding a
formulation that would meet these requirements, Wiehahn was finally set

43



concession lies in the hands of the U.S. Texpro, which is part of Texaco
Incorporated, New York. Its share in this concession is 40 percent. Syndicate
partners are furthermore the Sonangol with 25 percent, the Companie Francaise
des Petroles (CFP-Total), Paris, with 17.5 percent and the Brazilian Braspetro
also with 17.5 percent.

On the continent, where Texaco ‘Incorporated and the Belgian Petrofina S.Acy
Brussels, are jointly active in the Soyo field, a.decline in production, which
is now 32,000 barrels a day, is feared on account of exhaustion of the reserves.
Following discovery of a further field (Pambo) and by employing new production
methods, it will be possible to maintain production at a level of 30,000
barrels a day.

12356
CSO: 3420/62



JPRS-SSA-85~055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DRAMATIC GROWTH OF DEMOCRATIC TRADE UNION MOVEMENT

London THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST in English Second Quarter 1985 pp 51-62

[Article by L. N. Machlalela]

[Text]

“Qur struggle is advancing in a defiant way so that the regime
cannot rule in the same old way”. (South African Congress of
Trade Unions, National Executive Committee statement,
November 1984.) oe

The growth of the democratic trade unions in the last ten years has
accompanied the accelerated resistance to national oppression. The urban
working class have at last pressed back the boundaries of state and employer
repression and joined the trade union movement in their thousands. They
totalled 713,134 in 1975; 974,970 in 1980 and 1,545,824 in 1983, an increase of
58% in less than three years.

For the first time in the industrial history of South Africa, the African
workers form the largest single group of organised workers (43.4% as against
33.34% for white and 22.7% for Coloured and Indian workers). Yet only 15%
are unionised, and 4.5 million workers remain to be recruited. The
democratic trade union movement nonetheless is already a forrhidable force
and despite the fact that it is still in its infancy, itis, alongside the women, the
youth and the rural poor, a major component of resistance to the regime, the
employers and the state.

Ofthe one and a half million workers who are attached to trade unions the
most important formations are the democratic and independent unions that
in greater or lesser degree link their struggles for wages and greater control
over the conditions of production with the urban conflicts concerning rents,
housing, education, influx control and struggle for political rights. While the
federations (with the exception of CUSA and the independent GWU) have
not yet formally affiliated to the United Democratic Front, their constituent
unions have directly or indirectly identified themselves with the political
campaigns for national emancipation, which they recognise (at times more
sharply than their leaders) as indispensable to their success on the shop floor,
and the ending of social and economic inequality.

The major configurations of the democratic trade unions are: ©

37


role within the UN system with their
intensive lobbying and headline grabbing
statements. The US seemed nervous that
some of the more radical NGOs represen-
ted at Forum ‘85 may pose potential. con-
flict. According to the Heritage Founda-
tion, NGOs are dominated by “extremist
and anti-American” members and Forum
’85 could be turned into an effective tool
against the US strategy for the world con-
ference. .
. To avoid both the main conference and
the NGOs meeting becoming political
forums the Heritage paper had proposed
the following:

@ that the US should apply pressure on
the Kenya government to exercise tight
controls on entry visas into Kenya to
.exclude “the most radical of prospective
delegates and observers (such as those
from the PLO)”;

@. that Kenya should use hotel space
allocation to keep the number of “poten-
tially troublesome delegates” as small as
possible;

@ that the US should offer to reimburse
the. Kenva government for the cost of
hosting Forum '85;

@ that the:US should “help prepare”
those Kenyans who will be serving in top
conference posts.

: Kenya’s minister for culture and social
services, Mr. Kenneth Matiba, whose
ministry is responsible for women’s affairs,
told The. Weekly Review: this week that
he was aware of the. proposals by

Heritage, but-no requests of that nature

had been made to Kenya by the US
government, or any pressure applied.
United States officials dismissed the
Heritage paper as just another piece of
work by a private US institution, saying it
had no relevance to the administration’s
policy on the conference. But it was an
interesting coincidence that not only are
the points raised by the paper prepared in
February the same ones on which the US
has taken a tough stand at all the
preparatory meetings, but also that the
American approach to the issues at the
meetings has been almost to the letter as
suggested by the Heritage paper. In some
cases, the statements made by US
officials on the subject have been almost
an echo of the Heritage paper. For
instance, the Heritage paper proposed
that “there should be no US hesitation
about using its financial leverage, nor any
apologies about monitoring the use of the
funds provided by US taxpayers to assure
an effective, productive outcome for the

16

conference’’. In Nairobi, Newell said the
US would use any “mechanism that was
most effective, and we do not apologise for
it”.

While American officials were denying
that there had been proposals to get the
Kenya government to use hotel accom-
modation as an excuse for screening
delegates to both the world conference
and the NGOs’ Forum ’85, US
newspapers, among them the New -York
Times, were publishing stories that
tourists would-not be allowed into Kenya
during July due-to a shortage of hotel
accommodation in the country as a result
of the conference. The director of tourism,
Mr. David Musila, refuted the’ report,
saying that the conference would only
take up hotel space in Nairobi, leaving
about 19,000 hotel beds in the rest.of the
country. The report would appear to have
been geared towards preparing the way
should the Kenya government agree to
use hotel space to keep out radical delega-
tions.

The Nairobi conference, scheduled for
duly 15-26, will mark the close of the UN
women’s decade which began with the
Mexico City conference in 1975. The deci-
sion to hold a ‘closing conference was
taken at the mid-decade conference in
Copenhagen in 1980.

The issues that threaten to disrupt the
Nairobi conference go back as far as the
very first conference. The main working
document at the Mexico conference was a
draft/convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination Against Women,
which had originated from the UN Com-
mission on the Status of. Women, ‘and.
which was eventually adopted by the UN
general assembly in 1979. Towards the
close of the conference, however, the
delegates also adopted a Declaration on
the Equality of Women and Their Con-
tribution to Development and Peace,
which forms the original basis for the
theme of the Nairobi conference — “E-
quality, Development and Peace”.

Among the articles in the declaration
was one that said that “International co-
operation ‘and peace require the ‘achieve-
ment of national liberation and indepen-
dence, the elimination of colonialism,
neo-colonialism, foreign occupetion,.
Zionism, apartheid and racial discrimina-
tion in all its forms as well as the recogni-
tion of the dignity of peoples and their
rights to self determination”. The
declaration also singled out Palestinian
and Arab women for special mention,


CDR ELECTION PROCEDURES OUTLINED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 20 May 85 p 3

[Text]

WITH the call ‘for the
re-organisation of Com-
mittees for the Defence
of the:Revolution, and
also with the keen in-

terest and initiative that

it
is being attached to th
exercise, the Monitoring
and Coordinating D:
partment of the O: of |
the Political Counsellor

wishes to make the fol-|
lowing clarifications to

guide ~the

re-
organization of the Or-:

gans of the Revolution,
particularly those of the
workplace. ;
Theelectionsinherentin
the re-organization exerci-
se are also a further.deve-
Jopment in the bid to ens-
ure that-all Ghanaians, ir-
respective of their social
origin Ry political inclina-
ions, in 8o.far as they aré
to Uj the de-
Fence of the sovereignty
and integrity of the

Country, become eligible
members of the CDRs, and

therefore direct to,

decision making that affect
the nation’s forward drive
and their own wellbeing.

To however curb the
es OF

tendencies
.self-seeking faction’ to
“commandeer the CDRs

and thereby hijacking the
objective direction of the

the following pro- |

cedures for democratic re-
presentation are to be

ELECTORALCOMMIT-

TEES:
‘@ Immediately preceed-
ing electi

Hions, a general
Aitical clucation/durbar is

to be’held with all the
management

| workers and
‘_of the establishment. This

11

_ general elections.

. with a staff strength of ten

: into a newly demarcated

- for purposes of CDR acti-
_vities.

: DEPARTMENTAL
ELECTIONS \

develops into a question
and answer forum to en-
able all workers and ma- {
nagement to understand

: thoroughly, the whole |
“electoral

procedures. i

‘An Electoral Committee |
cof five is headed by |
a Returning O cer to take i
charge of preparations to-
‘wards the elections.

© Any worker who opts
for membership on the
-Electoral Committee can-
not present himeelf for the

DEMARCATION OF
DEPARTME! /SEC-
TIONS '
@ Demarcation of de-
partments or sections, if
not in place, is then made
to allow the broadest par- |
ticipation of workers at all

~ levels, in the activity ‘of the :
ils

CDR. This entails that |
any existing department

(10) or more, could have
Departmental CDR. ~

re the staff strength
falls short of ten, the de-
partment shall be merged
with another.

The number of de-
partments demarcated for ;
the purposes of CDR orga-
nization could be as many
as is convenient.

© It should further be
noted that the demarca-
tion does not imply that
direct administrative con-
trols over them would be
dislodged. Whoever falls

department does so only

© Departmental elec-
tions are held with any

JPRS~SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

GHANA



Musokotwane Hints at Civil Service Overhaul
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 6 May 85) wvssscceeccceccessecevceees

ILO. To Boost Services for Training, Small Industry
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 7 May’ 85) sovsccececevccccscvccvecves

Envoys Must ‘Account for Expenditures Publicly
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 9. May 85) .ccevsccvccsceovsccecvevseses

Masheke Praises. New Army Commander, Urges Modesty
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA; 15 May 85) cesecececoccccvcvscccascvens

Briefs ;
New Editors. Announced
Namwala Election Nullified
Bread Shortage Hits Lusaka
Security Groups in Chisamba

ZIMBABWE

ZAPU Elects Black Bull as Election Symbol
(THE CITIZEN, 3. Jun 85) .sevececcecccccccescecesceseecons

Muzorewa Wary Over Free Election Claim by Mugabe
(THE CITIZEN, 6 Jun 85). csceceecscccccrcecrererecscccees

Briefs
Justice Minister Sues Magazine

100
102
103
104

106
106
106
107
108

109

110



JPRS~ssa~g 5~05,
1 July 1985 >

[words indistinct] and in other residential areas were also empty. Workers at
Carousos [word indistinct] where they were found cleaning the premises, and
there was no flour from the National Milling Company. Officials at National
Milling Company were tight..[word indistinct] over the issue, [phrase indistinct].
[Text] [Lusaka ZAMBIA’DAILY MAIL. in English 23 May 85 p 5]

SECURITY GROUPS IN’ CHISAMBA~-Central ‘Province. member of. the Central Committee,

Mr Rankin Sikasula has called for the formation.of security committees in sections,
branches and wards in Chisamba in Kabwe Rural to’reduce crime there. Mr Sikasula
was in‘Chisamba to make investigations on reports that.a new "breed" of cattle
rustlers is on the loose in Kabwe Rural and farmers had called for intensified
police’ patrols to curb the crime rate. At Ploughman's Arms, managing director,
Mr: Richard Kasanda commended the police for their efforts but told Mr Sikasula
that the police needed reliable transport and fuel ‘to carry out their work
effectively. Mr Sikasula*also ‘heard that on Tuesday last week a man was gunned
down by bandits in the Chisamba’ area. Farmers visited:by Mr Sikasula called
on him to initiate moves aimed at making the police’ make patrols during the day
and night.-~ZANA [Text] [Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 23 May 85 p 5]

CSO: 3400/437

107



REVITALIZED LOCAL AUTHORITIES SLATED, DEMARCATION BOARD SET

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Jun 85 p 11

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

A DRAMATIC
shake-up in local gov-
ternment in South Afri-
ica is to take place with-
+ in the next few months
in terms of the new dis-
“pensation.
‘New measures now be-
‘fore Parliament will give
executive teeth to Black
‘Focal government institu-
“tions ‘and to Indian and
Coloured: management
‘bodies. .
' In terms of legislation
iblished yesterday, a
pe tion Board pill
appointed to ‘define
ithe areas of, jurisdiction of
“all local authorities —
| White, Black, Indian and

Coloured.

Black local authorities,
which have fallen under
the Department of Co-

|,operation and Develop-
ment, are being moved to

‘Mr Chris, Heunis’s De-
of Constitution-

val Development and Plan-

ae Black townships
were - administered by
White local authorities
‘until the — Community
"Councils “Act of 1977
‘opened the way for the
‘evolution of representa-
“tive institutions, however,
“they~-lacked --executive
‘powers. 8.

In 1982 the Black Local
Authorities Act enabled

66

local government institu-
tions to be set up with
} More meaningful powers.
These local authorities
, Are soon to take over the
property at present own-
ed and controlled by de-

“velopment boards, which |

_in turn will lose their pow-

ers.

‘This transfer of land to
established “Black local
authorities will take place
-step by step in each local
sauthority. :. -.:»

Setting the stage for
even greater self-govern-
;ment'is & Local Govern-
‘mient Affairs Bill, pub-
dished in Cape Town yes-

terday and due to be mov-

-ed in Parliament by Mr
Heunis.
This will amend the

“Black Authorities Act “so

as to further regulate the
establishment of ‘town
councils and ‘village:coun-
cils.” Lota

The areas. of Black
local authorities are at

present:.demarcated by !
the Minister of Co-Oper- '

ation and Development.
This power. will now be
assigned to'the new “gen-

affairs” ‘provincial
ir ro to be set up

jMext year, x

+ The new Bill, read with
-other legislation, would
«empower. the - provincial
jauthorities to demarcate

JPRS-SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

LIBERIA

PRESS UNION SETS UP LEGAL DEFENSE FUND
AB311908 Monrovia Radio ELWA in-English 1710 GMT .31 May 85 AB

[Text]. The Executive Committee of ‘the Press Union of: Liberia has expressed con-
cern about the confusing circumstances, surrounding Mr: Tom Kamara's detention
and alleged disappearance. “A press release issued ‘in"Monrovia ‘yesterday re~
quested government -to intensify its: efforts already announced by the minister
of justice"to investigate the whereabouts of Mr Kamara.° The release by the Ex-
ecutive Committee of the Press Union:also ‘regretted ‘the eontinued closure of the
DAILY OBSERVER ‘newspaper, ‘the“recent detention of a-journalist from the Liberian

“New. Agency, LINA, andthe’ detention without. charge or: trial of ‘certain persons

in the community ‘including’ students.. In‘ this connection, the committee has
written'a letter to the Special Elections Commission [Secon] seeking. clarifica-~
tion’ about ‘the ‘recent’ newspaper report indicating that a local. journalist, Mr
(John Vamo) of" radio station ELCM-[Eternal Love*Cultural Mission] has been

‘banned from entering the premises of Secom..” It also expressed grave concern

at the deteriorating relationship‘ between members of.‘the local “press and some
public*and government officials... The ‘concern: expressed by the ‘Executive Com-
mittee’on behalf of Mr‘Tom Kamara comes 3 days following: the announcement by
the Justice Ministry‘that a photocopy of a letter reportedly ‘written by Mr Tom
Kamara had been found. A LINA report on Monday. quoted the ‘Justice Ministry as
saying the letter dated 16 April. 1985 was written to the National Security
Agency “director Sylvester Moses by Mr”’Kamara prior *to his escape from ptison.

In another development, ‘the Press Union of Liberia‘hasset up a press legal
‘defense fund and'has also adopted: a code of ethics to govern “the conduct of

the working media.in Liberia.. The legal defense fund*will assist’local journal-
ists who'might fall into trouble while in. pursuit of their professional duties.
The fund" will’also“contribute to ‘the defense of journalists-in Africa ‘and other
parts ofthe’world‘who may find themselves insimilar situations. ‘The terms of
reference for the fund therefore called for cash contributions by-‘members of the
Press Union of Liberia as well as by. individuals and professional” groups in the
community. “It"also called upon lawyers inthe’ country’who cherish freedom to
volunteer’ their services ‘in defense of a journalist. of media setup ‘who might get
into trouble because -of professional activities. [Sentence as heard]

- As regards the code of ethics, the press ‘union*has resolved ‘that the code is

necessary in'order to raise the standard of the journalism profession in our
society and to show professional’ and ethical conduct’ by members of the Press

21



In addition to the defense of the territorial integrity, another not less
important task is to drive the puppets from the national soil. At the
aforementioned rally, the provincial commissioner had stressed this as one
of the "number one" tasks of all the people. Moreover, Pretoria gave no
indication of ceasing its support for those renegades. According to Pedro
Mutinde, those who surrender voluntarily will, as always, be well received
and invited to participate in national reconstruction. Those who persist in
committing crimes against the people will not be pardoned. "When Namibia
becomes independent," he said, "they will have to follow their racist masters
as did many of those who collaborated with the PIDE-DGS [Police for the
Control of Foreigners and Defense of the State~Directorate General for
Security] ."

And in fact, for a long time terrorist acts by puppet gangs have been rejected
by the people. According to that official, thanks to the vigilance of the
people, the Defense and Security Forces, who were guarding a supply colum,
succeeded a few days ago in putting 60 puppet gang members out of service on
the road which connects Xangongo with Ndjiva; they also managed to recover the
carts and oxen being used to carry the food stolen from the people.

8568
CSO: 3442/299



According ‘to reliable information reaching us from'eastern Namibia, “the apar=
theid regime of Pretoria, through its imposed commissioner’ for Caprivi, racist
Kruger, announced on the 17th and“the ‘18th January ‘to ‘the’ two tribes in the
region, “the (Masuvia and Mapwée), the setting'up of a: so-called constitutional
~ committee to work out a*constitution ‘for ‘the’ region as“a prelude to its seces—
sion, from ‘the rest of Namibia which willbe under its puppets of the so-called
interim government’ in Windhoek. “Apart fromthe constitutional:committee, Pre-
“toria has imposed’ an ‘executive committee and a legislative assembly. A11 these
‘bodies reveal ‘one objective: The establishment’ of eastern Namibia as‘a separate”
state [word indistinct] from"the rest of the country. The committee according
to South Africa, will. be composed of 31. members, 15 from each tribe and racist
‘Boer Kruger as ia-chairman. ‘This deceptive move is not only aimed at separating
* the eastern part of Namibia from’the rest of the-country, but it is also aimed
at perpetuating tribal conflict and civil war among the two tribes, thus cul-
tivating a viable political.'climate for Pretoria ‘to’ continue oppressing and ex-
‘ ploiting our people.

The ‘destructive constitutional “development. for Caprivi* has been rejected from
its inception by the patriot Namibian people in the Caprivi. This scheme is
only supported by a’ handful’'of South African servants ‘such as Chief (Richard
‘Muhinda Mamili)., a prominent stooge of South Africa, together with SWAPO rene-
gades such as opportunist (Wilfred George Mutuwa) and (Benjamin Sika Magugu)
who were expelled from SWAPO “in: July 1980: because of ‘their regionalist tendency
of trying to separate the eastern: part of Namibia’ from the rest’of the country.
These puppets have now’come out in their-true colors.

Having received.a negative’ response: from ‘the patriotic’Namibians, who are
generally opposed to this /diabolic scheme, the Pretoria ‘regime ‘through its im-
posed commissioner 'in'Caprivi, racist Kruger, wrote a ‘threatening letter on

12 February this year threatening to ‘deport. Chief (Mora Lithuani) and his deputy,
(Gambela Singula) and all those’who are. opposed to the so-called ‘constitution of
Caprivi. . According to. Kruger; people opposed to the constitution can be deported
together with their“families and property ‘to.some other part of Namibia. Racist
Kurger ‘has also threatened Chief (Mora’Lithuani) to be replaced by his son,
(George Mutuwa), a puppet of the South African regime.

In our assessment, ‘the aim ‘of the ‘Pretoria regime ‘is like in ‘the case of Walvis
Bay-+to utilize the eastern part:of our country as ‘a“springboard to launch
attacks on:an independent: Namibia under the SWAPO Government after South
Africa's inevitable downfall”in Namibia. A*testimony' to this is a continuous
military build-up at’ (Mukassa) :involving ‘mercenaries, ‘puppet'elements of UNITA,
FNLA, and the so-called South-West Africa territory force. South Africa wants
to cut Namibia away :from'the rest of ‘the outside world during post-independence
period ‘by utilizing Caprivi.as its stronghold in*the east and:Walvis Bay, in
‘the western part of ‘our country.

Caprivi, like any other ‘region ance our country is part ‘and parcel ‘of Namibia and
the people of Namibia will not sit-down and watch South Africa separating an
inch of. our country’ from:the rest of Namibia in’ order to. accomplish its selfish
imperialistic interests at the expense of the oppressed but fighting people of
our country: under the’ leadership of SWAPO. SWAPO, therefore ‘rejects and de-
nounces the“unwanted consolidation of. the (?occidental) plan’ of 1964 which

26



cso: 3400/389

95



BUMPER HARVEST EXPECTED THIS YEAR

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 14 May 85 p 1

[Text]

ZAMBIA expects a
bumper harvest this year
and ten million grain bags
have been ordered for the
maize collection: exercise.

Prime Minister Musokotwane
revealed this in Kabwe yesterday.

Mr Musokotwane was addressing a
meeting of Central Province Cooperative
Marketing Union board members, bank-
ers and Namboard officials at Kabwe
Urban district council chamber.

Replying to remarks by CRCMU chair-
man Mr Lodge Kambela over the supply
of empty grain bags, Mr Musokotwane
said:

“] share your anxiety ovet empty grain
bags. But this does not mean that the
Party and its Government is indifferent to
the problem.”

Arrangements had been made. to
import three million grain bags and these
were expected to arrive in Zambia before
the end of the month.

“We have made contingency arrange-
ments for the importation of seven million
empty grain bags from Bangladesh to
meet the shortfall.

“‘We expect about ten million bags of
maize."*

He..assured, the... meeting. that.every>
thing possible was being done to resolve
the problem before the marketing season
starts next month. .

He dispelled fears of ‘‘politics’’ inter-
fering with marketing arrangements. He
said on the contrary ‘“‘nothing can suc-
ceed without politicisation’’.

88

JPRS~SSA~85~-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA


JPRS-SSA~85~055

1 July 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

FAPLA DESTROYED UNITA. CAMPS-~In Benguela Province,’ FAPLA ‘combatants have
launched a series of actions against. the UNITA puppet gangs. For details here
is our regional station: [Unidentified reporter] As a result of various
operations that FAPLA forces ‘launched -in Benguela Province. to eliminate the
‘UNITA puppet gangs, 540 bandits were put. out of action and’ 29. other were cap~
tured. ‘About 240 operations were carried out between January” and April 1985
in various regions of this province. During these operations: Angolan national
forces seized a large quantity of military equipment, including 60 light
weapons, 9 rifle magazines,°7 antitank mines, 11 antipersonnel mines and more
than 3,000 rounds of various 'types of ammunition “and explosive equipment, docu-
ments, and assorted equipment. During the same: period FAPLA destroyed 28 enemy
camps and freed 1,693 civilians‘who were being held in:captivity and subjected
to constant torture. Some 79 civilians also voluntarily presented themselves
to our authorities. During the same operations our forces recovered 991 head
of cattle that the’bandits had robbed from our peasants in their operations.
FAPLA forces are diligently pursuing their operations ‘to liquidate the last
bandit groups, which are having their. scope of operations further reduced.
[Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 31 May 85 MB]

FAPLA KILLS 'BANDITS'-=The Angolan Armed. Forces are continuing their fierce
battle against the UNITA armed bands who, in desperately trying to destablize
the economy of our country through ‘their criminal actions, are avoiding direct
contact with FAPLA soldiers and are instead massacring peaceful citizens. Dur-
‘ing military operations from 4-10 May near’ the muniicpalities of (Covango) and
‘(Calassende) in Huila Province; FAPLA soldiers killed 4 bandits and released

81 civilians who had been forced to live with the bandits. The FAPLA soldiers
also retrieved. 120 head of cattle which had been stolen, [Text] [Luanda Domes-
tic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 4 Jun 85 MB]

FAPLA KILLS UNITA MEMBERS--The defense and security forces killed 30 UNITA

" counterrevolutionaries in operations in Cunene, Benguela, Malanje, and Moxico
Provinces between 18 and 28 May. . According toa military source approached by
ANGOP, ‘the FAPLA “forces captured ‘two. UNITA elements and liberated about 180

‘people who were being kept inthe jungle by force. . The Angolan Armed Forces
also captured large quantities of weapons and war materiel, including 23 sets
of uniforms of South African origin and reactionary propaganda pamphlets.
{Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 5 Jun 85 MB]



MALAUNI SAYS STATE SUPPORTS LABOR IN PRINCIPLE

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 14 May 85 p 1

[Text]

GOVERNMENT has no intention of
movement in the country but is seriously concerned by the
amount of indiscipline among workers,
noi Soult Services Permanent Secretary Mr. Vincent Mar

launi said yesterday.

Mr Malauni said this in. Li-
vingstone when he gave a le-
cture to.a joint seminar-of top
union. officials in the public
sectoron the subject, The
Fature of Industrial Relations
in Zambia.”

He told the seminar parti-
cipants that the labour. move-
ment in Zambia was one of the
strongest in’ Africa. and this
was because of the importance
the Party and its. Government
attached tait.

Me herent "amie by
were. ly yy.
recent: charges from labour
deaders alleging that Gavern-
ment was out to, crush trade
unions in the country.

“It is true that the Party and
its. Gayernment has expie-
ssed perloms cupcern at the
way things have goin
for a long time now on nd
industrial relations front,
things that clearly displayed

eon a very wide
oa hesaid.

He. emphasised that since
indi: ne cannot: be glari-
Sed, the labour market should

take effective steps to. rectify
the situation.

He however, said that alth-

ough ‘the: labour, mayement_

94

the labour:
of Labour

was powerful in-the. caiantey?
the power must be used pru-
dently: and for . constructive
purposes especially .in . these
times of econamic ptoblems.

Injudiciaus ‘use of pawer,
Mr Malaiini said, was dange-
tous because it, corrupts and

“absolute power corrupts
absolutely,” -

He assured that the Party
and its Government wi will conti-
nue ta recognise impo:
nee of trade unions in the
ntry and encourage develop-
ment-of a stable and unified
mayement. for the benefit of
naft-anly workers in the-orga-
nised sector but the nation. as
a whole.

“But at the same time, =
vernment will ensure that: the

misunderstanding. ta
aairse and discannet eea

JPRS-SSA~85~055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA


DISTRICT PAYS ADB CONTRACTOR INSTEAD OF STATE

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 3 May 85 p 1

[Excerpt]

CSO:

3400/391

“THE Ndola Urban District Council has had to pay a -
-¢tor K4 million, which was supposed to be ad in bay cools
‘yernment ‘for its water reticulation project in

‘Masuade

farnting ates, be ing carried out under an African Develop-.

“The: government has failed
to” release funds for the

‘project as agreed under the
ADB agreement «in which

“thie bank is supposed to ‘pro-
vide only the foreign exchange’

<éoniponent of the total amount
‘required for the. work, which
‘will ‘include the construction
cof water and sewage works.”

: This came to light during
full council meeting on Thur-

‘queried . cistrict  executiv«
:secretary, Dr Chishala Chi-
toshi_ why- the council had to:

y the contractor K4 million °

“when the project’ is supposed
to be financed by the bank. : ,

Dr Chitoshi explained that»
under the  agrecment ‘the

bank would, only: provide for
equipment for which forei-
-gn- exchange would be requi-
d while the © government
supposed to fund the pro-
ct in local currency require-
‘ments.

“What happened is that the
contractor went on site. and
it was a requirement ‘that ‘he
be paid K4 million. Since the
government has not teleased
‘this money, the: council ‘had
to pay the’ contractor. If we
failed to pay the contractor
it would have meant cance-
lling the contract which would.
have cost the council a lot of,
money,” he said.

According to the council

y during which councillors.

minutes, the council experie:
need an excess in, payments

“because of the K4 million

paid to the contractor in. addi-
tion “to another, K524,000
paid put to. various fone

ctors for capital project: t
“Dr Chitoshi, Hoped that the

government’ would: pay the

: eouncil the K4 million as soon

as the Payment ‘had affected
the counci *s liquidity position.”:
“= Councillorg said’ they were
the repayment:
of the money. to’ the. council.
because it would be embar-
rassing for council of its size
to pay its workers.

Councillor Cleaver Mukuka,
whois Meniber of Parliament.
for Bwana Mkubwa, offered to

assist’ the® council in pressu-

rising ‘for ‘the “payment of the’
money but wondered which
ministry was ., responsible

for the’ disbursement of’ the

money for the loan because an
official in one of the ministries
had told him that he knew no-

‘thing about it.

Dr Chitoshi ‘said while le the

-councils.. go : through’ ‘the

Ministry of Decentralisation,
the -money for the: project
was disbursed-by ‘the Ministry °
\Finance’ where there is

‘an * Officer who ‘is’ directly...

responsible for othe» ADB
loans. oe

99

JPRS-SSA-85-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA



cso:

3400/420

Secret Services Account
Act, he said.

“I think it is important

y for the Council to consid-

er that when the consti-

tution affords greater par-

— no doubt with the aid -
of secret funds — now
". participate - in Govern-
ment, ‘even at Cabinet le-

believe that when all
ions of ‘the South
African population are in-
cluded in the central deci-
-- sion —"making process,
, thé need for secret funds,
-ipecialy forthe police,

“T appeal to this Coun-
‘cil, in its wisdom, to rec-
ommend -to the State
‘President, that he should
not sign’ this Bill. This
would be a great victory
~ for consensus Govern:
ment and would help to
foster ¢onfidence among
‘all’ participants in real
consensus as a method of

. ‘decision-making. It would
also prove that the Presi-
dent’s Council had no in-
tention of becoming the
‘Government's: - ‘rubber
‘stamp’, “Mr Rennie said.

62 :



LOUW WANTS SMALL, EFFICIENT CIVIL SERVICE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Jun 85 p 11

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — A
small, . efficient and
well-paid public ‘ser-
vice is the aim’ of Mr
Eli Louw, who on July

“1 enters the Cabinet
“with the Commission
.for Administration in

Ais portfolio.

The commission plays |

‘a strong co-ordinating
“and. personal manage-
‘ment role over the whole
civil service, comprising

* 200 000 employees

’. [ts management Policy
‘and conditions of service

: Rives ripple effect across ;
the broader:

personnel. te

/-The’ State “President, °

Mr? W Botha, now com-
dines within his own
spheré ‘of “activity the
-work previously done’ by
both the State President
‘and the Prime: Minister,
‘vat the same time being the

yerchestrator of reform in -

a ‘While Mr Louw moves
: from own affairs ‘to the
» general affairs Cabinet.

“fhe still’ regards “Loeries-

» fontein -as. “home”, His

‘father was a trekboer and

68

Mr Louw. was born in a
wagon tent. outside. the
small town 57-years ago.

Profession

He was educated in the
‘town but had to move to
Calvinia, then the biggest
town he had ever seen, to
inatriculate, When he had
earned his law degree, he
fetumed to Loeriesfon- '
tein to start his practice as '
‘an advocate and to be-
come a farmer. He still .

» says his profession is that °
of farmer.

In 1958, when Loeries- |
ontein became a munici- '
pay: Be he was, elected its.

Mr Louw talks fondly
of Namaqualand, its hard
earth and its ethos. “‘Na-

»maqualand ~ taught. me
be sai Newer gi
. “Never uy
=z a in iP
le and his Lydenburg-
| ont “wie have as
‘daughters, ° -with“ “three

He recently: anounced
- the appointment of Mr
Louw to assist him and to
* work ‘closely: with him:
-This means that Mr
‘Louw, at present Minister '
of the White own affairs |
"Budget will inove to new »;
‘. offices‘in Thuynhuys, of-

JPRS-SSA~85~055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~S84~85-95 5

1 July 1985

CONTROVERSIAL POLITICAL ISSUES THREATEN UPCOMING CONFERENCE

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 24 May 85 pp 4-7

[Text]

_ chaired by the permanent secretary in the

. hospitality and personngl. In addition, a

: members are the minister for foreign

BETWEEN July 16 and 20 this year, an
estimated 10,000 foreign delegates will be
in Nairobi to attend the United Nations’
world conference of the UN decade for:
women, which will take place from July!
15-26, with the NGO forum taking place,
from July 10-19. Catering for such a large’
number of visitors will no doubt be a
major undertaking for those who have
been charged with the task of preparing
for the conference. The exercise is being!

overseen by a national steering committee)

ministry of culture and social services,'
Mr.. J.K. Kiptanui, and it consists of,
among others, the chairman of the co-!
ordinating committee, Miss Margaret
Kenyatta, the co-ordinator of the steering
committee, Mrs. Pamela Mboya, and the
chairman of the NGO organising commit-
tee, Mrs. Edda Gachukia. There are eight
sub-committees dealing with accom-
modation, security, health, immunities
and immigration, transport, publicity,

cabinet sub-committee has been set up to
assist and monitor activities leading to
the conference and this one is chaired by!
the minister for culture and social!
services, Mr. Kenneth Matiba. Other}

affairs, Mr. Elijah Mwangale, the,
minister for labour, Mr. Robert Ouko, the!
minister for tourism, Mr. Andrew
Omanga, and the attorney-general, Mr.
Justice Mathew Muli.

With just over one month left before the
conference, preparations are at an advan-
ced stage. To keep down costs, all com-
mittees are made up mainly of civil
servants and volunteers, but the whole
exercise generally remains a costly affair.
A glimpse of the costing involved can
perhaps be found in the preparation of

conference facilities where, for,
at least shs.160,000.is required the |
renovation and general maintenance: of
the Kenyatta International Conference!
Centre where the conference will be held.
For the general improvement of the lifts
‘at the conference centre, the organisers
- say that.shs.79,000 is required. Accor i
to the minutes of a steering committee |
meeting held last month, the organisers
were looking for shs.900,000. for the
replacement of the carpet in the plenary
.hall, The costing of other conference func-
tions as contained-in the minutes inclu-
des ghs.2.5 million for staging aivarts and
crafts exhibition, shs.600,000 for a
national reception, to ‘be ‘hosted at the
KICC and ‘a cultural evening at the
Nyayo stadium that will cost shs.388,000.
While these constitute only part of the
costs of the conference, it is expected that
the delegates will, in turn, bring into the’
country substantial amounts of foreign
exchange. . . 7"
One crucial ‘area where the. organisers
can hardly afford to fall behind is in the
provision of accommodation for the
‘delegates. Towards the end of last month,
102 UN member states had indicated
their participation and- made ‘their
bookings, leaving a balance of 40 coun-;
tries which had yet to. confirm. African
Tours and Hotels (AT & H) is responsible
for hotel bookings but the accommodation’
sub-committee has been directed to be.
fully involved in the allocation of hotet'|
and institutional accommodation;:|
University of Nairobi facilities will be
used by delegates attending both the con-:
ference and the NGO forum and the sub-
committee was reported to’ be ‘working’!
hard to acquire sufficient accommodation:
just in case the university will still"bée in
session at the time of the conference.

13



ZFE BANS STRIKING WORKERS FROM RECEIVING PAY

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 7 May 85 p 1

[Text]

THE ZAMBIA Federstion

go on illegal strike.
Chairman. of the ZFE Mr

Ephraim. Chibwe said in

Lusaka yesterday that his me-

mbers take full. responsibility -

for the mushrooming of illegal
strikes because they have in
the past paid workers full
wages even ‘for the days they
withdrew their labour.

“We accept the blame but
from now on, we will not pay
workers. who resort to iHegal
strikes,”” Mr-Chibwe said.

This nove follows an obser-
vation by President Kaunda
last week that the reluctance
by most employers to enforce
labour laws and regulations
has contributed to the spate of
illegal strikes.

Dr Kaunda said the timidity
of employers: and ignorance
of their own constitutions
have given workers the impre-
ssion that they were entitled
to full pay even after going
on illegal stoppage of work.”

Dr Kaunda watned that the
Party and its Government
will not tolerate illegal strikes.
especially now that the country
was. struggling to resuscitate

its ailing econoniy.

“In view of the directive
from President’ Kaunda,
employers will not at any time
in future pay employees who
go on illegal strike,” “Mr

96

Chibwe emphasised.

He however, stated that it
has not been a deliberate po-
licy of the ZFE to pay workers
who have gone on illegal
Strikes but that the intention
has’ been to create industrial
harmony within the organisa-
tions concerned.

‘The intention, Mr Chibwe
Said, has not been to encoura-
ge and support workers who
resort to illegal strikes.

The ZFE* Chairman also
called for a tripartite meeting
to be organised under the aus-
picies of -the Ministry of La-
bour and Social Services so
that the parties concerned
can discuss and” formulate
policies which will bring
about industrial harmony:
in the country.

Mr Chibwe was referring
to a-meeting involving Gover-
nment, ZFE and trade unioni-
sts where they can map
out a strategy aimed* at mai-
ntaining. good ~ industrial
relations,

He said the state of the ecn-
nonty: was such that the cou-
ntry cannot afford loss-of man-
hours adding that it was in
the interest of ‘all of us to

increase productivity in our:

industries as illegal strikes
only produce negative re-
sults.”

Making his first comment
on the order by Government
in January ‘to stop employers
from deducting union contri-
butions when its members:
go on illegal strike, Mr Chibwe

JPRS~SSA-85~055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA


by delegates from about 50 countries,
included: a review of the current anti-
apartheid war and women’s actual and
potential contribution to it. Also dis-
cussed were ways and means of promoting
material and moral support for women
Sand children who “bear the brunt: of
apartheid”. The conference left no doubt
that no matter how much the US tried to
block the issue, African delegates, and
most third world nations, would make
apartheid a major subject at the Nairobi
conference.

It is against that backdrop that the
actual US participation at the Nairobi
conference is being viewed. Newell said in
Nairobi that the US had already named
its delegation, to be led by Maureen
Reagan and to include at least two
members of Reagan’s cabinet and three
members of Congress. He said the US
was still informally seeking a consensus
on. the matter before the Nairobi con-
ference. It is understood that the US
hopes to convince as many “moderate”
members of the non-aligned countries as
possible to join their side to steer the con-
ference from thorny political issues.
The conference secretariat, led by
Secretary General Laticia Shahani of the
Philippines, is also promoting informal
discussions between members in the hope
of still making the Nairobi conference a
success. Shahani said in New York last
week that the tough issues should not be
allowed to divide women but admitted, “I
do realise that some issues are non-
negotiable”. .

With international political confronta-
tion almost inevitable in Nairobi, Kenya’s

cso: 3400/410

18

handling of the conference will be crucial,
and. the outcome of the conference could
affect Kenya’s future relationships ‘with
the major protagonists. Maureen
Reagan’s outburst against Matiba at the
Vienna meeting would appear to have
been prompted by a previous assumption
by. the US delegation that Kenya
obviously backed the western position
that political issues should not be allowed
at the conference. Apparently that was
only partly correct.

In an ‘interview with The Weekly
Review, Matiba said'that Kenya as host
was committed to the ideal that the
problems. of women are discussed and
solutions sought in Nairobi. To ‘that
extent, Kenya did not want political
issues to become predominant at the con-
ference to. the point of overshadowing the
issue of women’s programmes and the
forward looking strategies. However,
Kenya also recognised that the issues of
peace, apartheid, Namibia and the
Palestinian women had all been discussed’
at the Mexico and. Copenhagen con-
ferences and formed part of the ‘docu-
ments from the two conferences. As such,
it was inevitable that they should come
up in Nairobi. Kenya is also a sovereign
member state of the Group of 77 and is
committed to support all the stands taken
by the group, he said. .

Following the discord at the New. York
meeting, the disputed document was sent
to the UN economic and social council for
formal transmission to the . Nairobi
meeting. It was, however, doubtful that
the delegates would come any closer to
consensus before Nairobi. s


COMMITTEE TO PROBE INDIAN LAND: REQUIREMENTS WELCOMED |

Durban THE GRAPHIC in English 24 May, 85 p 3

[Text]

“The creation of 2 two-man committee to probe
agricultural land requirements for Indians though
“somewhat belsted has been widely welcomed.

Both Mr Y.S. Chinsamy, leader of the Reform
“Pasty and former chairman of the SAIC and his
joolleague, Mr P.R. Bodasingh, are committed
“members. of the fast dwindling Indian farming
:sommunity who will. no doubt appraoch the sub-
“ject with a-sense of dedication and a great desire
pto Tight a great wrong.

Mr’ Chinsamy is a former President of the’
Natal. Indian ‘Conegrowers Association .and | Mr
Pat (PR) ) Bodasingh is the present leader of the

- The ca comes’‘at a time when concerted
efforts are ‘being made through the tricameral
{parliament (led by Mr Iyman-of Cliffdale) for an
Fopen farming code ‘that would generate maximum
{benefit fits for the country with all races being able
to farm wherever they please. °
Indian . farmers, lite other blacks, can only
{farm in areas set aside for their community ty and |
‘fis has, in effect, stifled the once thriving In
farmer.
The. exproptiation of land (mainly 1 ‘ndian) for
ihousng and industry, the creation ‘of* boards to
jeontrol irices etc, ‘haye all contributed to the;
{naaseive lecline of farming. |
‘some quarters there has been a- suspicion’
‘oan denied) that ‘efforts were b made. official. |
iy: to phase out the Indian fatmer-because he was’
,Seen as the big threat ‘to the monoply operated
"by ites m mainly from the Eastern ‘Transy
‘ e

closure of squatter: tnakets ‘where |

‘the small farmers were able to’ dispose market:

“produce was -seen as yet another attempt to:

i the de

ith ‘the departure of the market gardeners’

‘and smail farmers prices have steeped and boards

established to control prices have added to the!

‘Spasistenty high _Brices maintained throughout:

e year.
peri is estimated that over 26 000 ha of farm:
Jand had been lost by Indians since'1946.

¢.Minister“of Local “Government, Hou
iculture, “Mr B.“Dhookié who announ

‘the pointment.-of the two-man committee said

ittee “ha five” months “in -which to

tie “Em its iiwvestigations and submit .& Teport

a to him directly.

sage ry]

JPRS-SSA~85~055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS~SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA

ZIMBA CALLS FOR STATE-LABOR DISCUSSIONS
Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 11 May 85 p 1

[Text] THE GOVERNMENT has been urged to convene a mee-

with labour leaders to discuss differences which have
relations between the two parties.
of the the _govemment was: convinced that the. present
were a result of work 8 a
conference similar to the one called by former
of Labour and Social Services Mr Munukayumbwa Seo
in 1967 should be, convened to work out new methods of

This coment was made in Kitwe

* Congress of Trade Unions

y by Zambia
D general secretary,

Mr Newstead. Zimba in a paper presented to the human

resource.
Federation of +
In the presented on

his. by ZCTU director
of social and economic resea-
rch, Mr James Mazyopa,

Mr Zimba said: there was a.

greater need for communica-
tion: between leaders. in the
labour movement and the
Party and its government
during. these: hard times of
economic difficulties.

Mr Zimba said in a: country
like Zambia whose foundation
was built on industrial partici-
patory democracy: and the:
philosophy of humanism there.
was need for effective commu-
nication because. authorities
could not afford resentment
of their decisions by: any.

‘ part of the conrnmunity< >
., He said most differences:
which had strained’ relations
n labour leaders. and
thé Party-and its government
could:not have arisen if there
was . effective and constant
consultation and communica-
tion between the two parties.
“In recent years, since

workshop organised by the Zambia

the economic crisis, the autho-
tities have tended to promul-
gate policies which they knew
fully well\, would Adversely
affect... workers but no mea-
sures had been taken to forest-
all the expectéd obvious reac-
tion from them:,

“Workers: in, return have
not taken kindly. to such
situations because they have
felt ‘victimised and have felt
only presesure could enable
them seek redress. It is there-
fore essential that \effective
consultation and communica-
tion takes place before: impor-
tant decisions affecting the
interests of the workers

. are announced,” he said.

He said the opening of a
dialogue between the labbur
leaders and the government
was even more urgent now
because the Ministry of La«

bour and Social Services had’

become ineffective.
Red tape, protocol and bure-
aucratic tendencies had cripp-

92



JPRS~SSA~85~055_
1 July 1985

NAMIBIA

SWATF KILLS 7 ‘SWAPO,. CITES 'RECRUITING' DRIVE
MB061043 Johannesburg SAPA in'English 1039 GMT :6 Jun 85

[Text].- Windhoek, 6 June, ‘SAPA“-Security forcés in northern SWA/Namibia have
shot dead seven SWAPO insurgents in’ the last week, bringing to 329 the number
“eliminated" since the beginning of the year, the SWA Territory Force said in
a statement in Windhoek today.

The statement reported ‘that .a* family of three was’wiped out ‘by SWABO insurgents
near Omungwelume in Ovambo on Tuesday. The‘ victims ‘were a teacher, Mr Paulus
Mauwango, his wife, Elize, and their son, Samuel. ‘They wete attacked and shot
dead in ‘their house, the SWATF said. A total of 30 spent cartridges fired from
AK47. rifles were found in the area,

In another incident, five ‘heavily’ armed SWAPO insurgents abducted six Ovambo
youths from a point 15 km-west of Mahanene last Thursday, but three of them
escaped, the SWATF said. The ‘three still held’captive bythe insurgents are
Petrus Silas, 18, Mutota ‘Mushinga, “19, and Malulu Shakoywa, 17. “Security
forces followed the group's tracks to the border between SWA/Namibia-and Angola.

The SWATF said another group of nine Ovambo ‘children were abducted from an area
about 25 ‘km west of ‘Eenhana ‘last’ Wednesday night, but four ‘of the children es-
eaped. Security forces again followed the tracks‘to the border.

SWAPO insurgents were concentrating on the intimidation of civilians while
avoiding ‘contact with: the security forces,’ the SWATF said. \"The‘latest spate

of abductions :can“be ascribed to a forced recruitment ‘campaign by. SWAPO to rein-
force its waning forces," it added.

CSO: 3400/387

30



cso:

3400/410

Apart from accommodation, thiéNGO:
forum is largely expected to be held at'the.
university where the use of lecture halls
and. classroom ‘facilities will, be made:
available for the various

steering committee meeting. "catinated
the cost of renovating university facilities
to be shs.15. million ‘the it is not-clear
‘as to what progress. has sq far been made
in this respect,

AT & His also responsible for ferrying’
delegates from the airport to their hotels
but ‘the arrangements hit snag when
some of the organisers felt that the
proposed charge of US$135 (shs.2,160) per

‘fot and shuttle transport between

hotels and the conference centre was too
‘high and the amount was due to be recon-
sidered. There’ was still a problem last
month in raising a sufficient number of
vehicles for the shuttle transport service
-but. this problem was expected to be
solved ‘through the mobilisation of
vehicles’ from ministries and. parastatal
organisations.

Kenya’s national delegation to the con-
ference will include at least seven people
from each province, consisting of at least
two from every district. Provincial
seminars. have already been held in all
provinces and these will be followed by a
national ‘seminar in preparation for the
conference. The local delegation for. the
NGO forum is expected to be drawn from
the numerous NGOs in’ the country. As
regards the foreign delegates to the NGO
however, national steering committee
was told of d plea by NGOs from African
countries ‘for special favours in accom-
modation bookings, such as the waiver of
advance deposits so as to permit more
African: delegates. ‘It was feared that the
African region would otherwise be at:a
disadvantage vis a vis other regions.

As the dates for the gathering draw
near, it is expected that the local
organisers will soon be working round the
clock to ensure that all goes well. .

4



HIGH LEVELS OF DEADLY CHEMICAL FOUND IN NATAL MARINE LIFE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Jun 85 p 1

[Text]

SO:

3400/419

DURBAN. — Fish in
Durban Bay have such
high levels of the deadly
chemical Dieldrin that
they would not be
deemed edible in the
United States. .

Mussels and dolphins
off Natal’s coastline have
some of the highest levels
Of the outlawed pesticide
in the world.

Natal has by far the
highest recorded Dieldrin
levels in the country —
and some are among the
world’s highest.

‘These are the findings
of Dr John Mendelsohn,
the curator of Durban’s
natural history museum.
He ‘said the Dieldrin le-
vels in the sea off the city
were also the highest in
the province.

The museum and the
Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research
(CSIR) have organised an
exhibit about the distribu-
tion of Dieldrin to mark
World Environment Day.

Dr Mendelsohn said
fish in Durban Bay had
Dieldrin levels so high
they would not be re-

ied as edible in terms

__ of the US Food and Drug

Administration laws.
Some of the highest le-
vels in the world were in
mussels found near the
mouth of the Reunion ca-
nal, where Shell had a

58

factory manufacturing
Dieldrin:

Levels in dolphins
caught off the Natal Coast
were among the highest in
the world for the species
— and levels found in ea-
gles were so high that
they. were several times
the fatal dose..: .,

Dieldrin was ‘still con-
stantly entering the en-
vironment even though
the chemical had been
banned in SA since 1981.
The charts on display at
the museum showed that
the Dieldrin levels in Na-
tal were consistently high-
er than elsewhere in
South Africa, he said.

Mullet with levels of.
400 parts per billion and

. grunter with'levels of 600

parts per billion had been
caught in Durban Bay.

Dr Mendelsohn said
fish -with levels of 400
parts per billion and
above were regarded as
inedible in the US.

Probably the highest
Dieldrin levels ever found
in a bird had been record-
ed in Natal when a black
eagle found dead in
Underberg in 1982 had le-
vels of 67 000 parts per
billion.

“Tt is staggeringly
high”, Dr Mendelsohn
said. “It is several times
the fatal dose which is
about 4000 to 10000

parts per billion.” *

JPRS-SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA~85-055
1 July 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

GERMAN EXPERTS STUDY PROBLEM OF NONINSURED PAYMENTS ARREARS

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZELTUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
20 May 85 p 2

[Text] vL. Hamburg--The Africa Association-—an amalgamation of German enter-
prises engaged in Africa business--on behalf of the Federal Economics Ministry
in Bonn has made two surveys on payment delays of claims by German creditors
not covered by Hermes export credit guarantees against customers in African
countries. The first survey, completed in 1984, had found transfer arrears
in the case of the ten countries studied, in individual cases going back as
far as the early 70's (in the case of Uganda). These arrears were relatively
high for Zaire (DM 32 million), Zambia (DM 27 million), Sudan (DM 24 million),
and Morocco (DM 9 million). The second survey, just completed, showed that
Sierra Leone has arrears of DM 13.6 million; Tanzania, of DM 14 million;
Mozambique, of DM 3.8 million; and Ghana, of DM 2.2 million. Of course, com
pared with Nigeria's transfer arrears, which at times were estimated at about
DM 1.5 billion, but whose exact amount is unknown, these amounts appear to be
insignificant. Just a few. days ago, Nigeria's state president, Buhari, had
asked his Western creditors for an 18-month moratorium for repayment of his
trade debts; Lagos does want to pay the interest.

In all cases, the African importer of German goods has paid the equivalent in
local currency to the respective central bank, but the latter has failed to
pass on the payment for lack of foreign currency. The list of the Africa
Association--it is by no means complete--showed that mainly com-
mercial houses with traditional Africa trade, chemical firms and enterprises
in the telecommunications and communications field were affected by the arrears.
Repayment is likely to become increasingly difficult for these states: World
Bank. studies show that on a annual average from 1985 to 1987 a net capital
outflow of private funds from the countries of Black Africa must be expected:
While according to the projections the influx of private capital will probably
amount to DM 4 billion, these countries must at the same time use DM 5 billion
for debt service to nongovernmental creditors.

The survey of the Africa Association covered countries with which negotiations
on debt rescheduling within the framework of the Paris Club had taken place and
with which subsequent bilateral talks were planned. The FRG Government has
kept a low profile in the talks on the transfer arrears; Bonn appears to
reject coupling of development aid promises, hoped for by parts of industry,
with a general debt acknowledgement by the African states.

12356
cso: 3420/63



RELIEF FOOD ARRIVES FROM ZIMBABWE

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 11 May 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/393

PART OF the 40,000 tannes
of maize imported from. Zim-
babwe to cover a_ shortfall
between now and July has
started arriving in the coun-

try.

Deputy representative of
the World Food Programme
(WEP) in Zambia, Mr Carla
Volhi-said yesterday that the
maize started arriving in the
country recently.

He said Zambian and Zim-
babwean transporters were
engaged in the maize haulage
although the.number of trucks
is small compared to the job
that has to be done.

Mr Vojhi said if the job is
to be completed in time, there
was need ta have the number
of trucks engaged in the exer-
cise increased.

+ He also pointed out that the

question-of tyres and tubes as
well as spare parts should not
be -averlagked by the con-
cerned parties in the: delivery.
of the maize.

Mr Volhl-said at present,
the country needs about _K20
million for the importation
of emergency food. For food
alone K10 million is needed
while K5 million would be
absorbed in buying grain
bags and the ‘remaining KS
million is needed for spares
including tyres and tubes.

He indicated that if all the
40,000 tonnes -of maize is
hauled in good time, truckers
engaged in the exercise wauld

- be able ta concentrate on tra-

nsporting local produce. fram
rural depots.

90

JPRS~SSA~85~-055
1 July 1985

ZAMBIA


The delegates also noted that in the recent past, certain “left” ideological
trends, which pose as Marxism, have appeared inside the country. These
trends concentrate their attack on the political positions of our Party as
represented in our Programme, especially the characterisation of the nature
of the oppression of the African and black majority as colonialism ofa special
type.

‘The Congress reaffirmed the correctness of the perspectives spelt out in
our Party Programme. The delegates emphasised the importance of the
involvement of the conscious and organised working class in the struggle for
national liberation as well as its leading role in this struggle. This will ensure
that the democratic transformation assumes the most thorough-going
revolutionary character and form.

In carrying out this vanguard role, the working class not only advances its
own interests and creates the conditions for an uninterrupted advance to
socialism. It also makes it possible for the rural masses and the middle strata
to benefit fully from the national democratic revolution. It is this fact which
makes the alliance between the working class and the other classes and strata
among the oppressed people, under the leadership of the workers, both
possible and imperative.

The Congress also observed that anti-communismi arid anti-Sovietism
remain the main ideological platform of the apartheid regime and other
backward political forces in South Africa. The increased intervention in the
affairs of Southern Africa by the Reagan administration is also based on the
pursuit of the same anti-communist goals.

The participants accordingly agreed that it remains an important task of
the Party to combat this enemy ideology, especially among the working and
oppressed masses of our country. It is also important that at all times the
Party educates the working class in the spirit of proletarian internationalism,
to defeat all tendencies towards tribalism, national chauvinism and racism.

Mood of Revolt

‘The Congress characterised the mood among the masses of the oppressed
people in South Africa as one of revolt. A state of incipient civil war exists in
the country. In this situation, the urgent task of the liberation forces of our
country js further to raise the all-round political and military offensive
against the apartheid regime.

The delegates observed that the racist regime has embarked on a
campaign of mass repression in the country and continues with its policy of
aggression and destabilisation against the independent states of Southern
Africa. All this reflects the growing desperation ofthe enemy and representsa
vain attempt, on its part, to alter the balance of forces in its favour.

However, through struggle, the masses of our people, with the workers at
the forefront, continue to shift the initiative into their hands. On the other
hand, the peoples of Southern Africa are resisting attempts by Pretoria and
Washington to impose the apartheid regime on them as a regional power.

The objective and subjective factors exist for the rapid escalation of the
struggle which should aim, in particular, to reduce the capacity ofthe regime
to govern our country. The successful accomplishment of this task requires
that all the masses of the oppressed people should be mobilised into struggle.
In this regard, special attention should be given to the further organisation

35


cso:

3400/390

said the move was not aimed
at disrupting the smooth flow
of funds into union coffers.

Mt Chibwe was commenting
on the revoked Trade Union
(deductions of subscription)
Regulation, 1985 in terms of
Section 20.of the Industrial
Relations Act.

He explained that under the
new system, a collective
agieement between the mana-
gements and unions will hot
include the provision of deduc-

*. ting union dues as members

have to make a voluntary
contribution.

“Under the present arra-
ngement, we will not be’ re-
quired to deduct union dues
of all members without their
consent like in the past,’
he said.

He said employers will now
be required to enter into
individual negotiations ' with
their employees on’ whether
they want their contribution

_to the union deducted. from

their salaries.

He added that under the
new system, the unions will
then be able to know who
are the true members as. this
also applies to UNIP where

members make individual

paymients.

Commenting on workers’
participation in decision-
making, Mr Chibwe said the
ZFE has recognised the
benefits to workers under
such an atrangement and have
undertaken appropriate steps
to achieve positive results.

The ZFE, Mr Chibwe said
tealises that workers’ pattici-
pation is here to ‘stay and su-
pport it in principle.

97



MEMBERS IN 1983. % OF TOTAL 1983

CUSA 140 592 9.1%
FOSATU 108 166 7.0%
INDEPENDENT 696 755 45.1%
TOTAL 945 513 : 61.2%

The remaining union members (38.8%) are lodged in racist federations
from which the more class conscious workers are steadily extricating
themselves, althouth the process is slow. (There was a 10% decline in
TUCSA membership in 1983: 54,000 boiler makers and 25,000 members of
MICWA). The two main bodies are:

1983 1984 1983 1984
SACOL 121 890 N/A 7.9% N/A
TUCSA 478 420 90000 30.9% N/A

Before Wiehahn

In the same way as the burgeoning black trade union movement has
accompanied the movement of national resistance to the regime, it has also
been at the centre of profound and complex changes in the growth and
structure of capital. This was manifested initially in the increase in the
workforce and (since the seventies) the restructuring of the labour force and
labour relations legislation, as the application of new technology made its
impact upon the economy.

This process has wrought substantial changes which no analysis of the
contemporary trade union movement can afford to overlook: it forms the
backdrop to the “Wiehahn legislation” which, on behalf of the larger-
domestic firms, local conglomerates and monopoly capital, partially
reversed three quarters of a century of exclusory labour practices to re-
arrange the industrial relations system, and by implication, the racial
division of labour. The speed of these developments and the historic
transformation of the labour movement over a single decade, quite often
mask the enormity of capital’s retreat in the face of the national resistance to
the regime’ and the workers’ challenge to the gross exploitation that
accompanied the economic changes since the end of the sixties.

The Wiehahn Report was officially presented on May Day 1979 — an
irony that capital may in the future regard with less enthusiasm than the
proposed legislation generated at the time. It reflected the defiant way in
which class and national struggles had advanced and the fact that neither
capital’s needs nor its capacity to contain the struggles made it possible for it
to continue in the same old way. For the workers to appreciate the impact of
their resistance, they need only look back on the decades of discriminatory
legislation that obstructed their earlier organisation: the racist consolidating
legislation of 1911; the exclusory provision of the 1924 Industrial
Conciliation Act; the War Measures that frustrated their unionisation; the
two and a half decades of the bureaucratic imprisonment of the black trade
union movement between 1953 and 1979, including the strait-jacketing
legislation of the Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act of 1953 which
was vainly designed to bleed the trade union movement to death; the
notorious Industrial Conciliation Amendment Act of 1956 with its extensive
provisions for job reservation according to race, and the challenging of

38