leaves the door open to forms of alliance that, while conforming to the
electoral code, would meet the need for unity of electoral action with the
other parties."

On the subject of the presidential election, Sane reminded that a single
candidate for the opposition will have to be "a determined anti-imperialist
and anticolonialist, capable of uniting if not all, at least the majority,

of the patriotic forces," He added that only one candidate who has a "record
of patriotic conduct" was likely to receive his movement's support.

The LD-MPT first secretary said he believed that personnel attributes are not
taken into account in this evaluation, but rather the program platform. Thus,
those candidates whose organizations are for maintaining "free competition,
colonialism and imperialism on our soil" are excluded from any political or
electoral support.

What would be the attitude of the LD-MPT if no candidate met the criteria?
Sane said: "Certainly, such a candidate exists, He has to, And if he was
only supported by two organizations, we would be one of them,"

After again condemning the "antidemocratic nature of the electoral code," the
Democratic League leader expressed his opinion that "the deposit is a major
obstacle to conducting free elections," He also noted that no provision in
the electoral code prohibits a party from appealing to its members to vote for
another party, "All combinations are therefore possible," On this specific
point, he revealed that "mutually agreed withdrawals would be possible
through negotiation and discussion within the patriotic group."

The LD-MPT central committee first secretary clearly implied that his party
rejects any form of election boycott, and that he “has never been concerned
about elections problems to the extent of forgetting the reasons for their
existence,"

He discussed at length the Coordination of the United Senegalese Opposition

(COSU), "that disputatious body," which he however regards as the basis for
unity of a prevailing "patriotic" opposition,

9920
cso: 3419/218

55



NATION'S FUTURE REPORTEDLY DEPENDS ON SPAIN'S CONTINUED AID

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 24, 1 Dec 82 pp 5, 6

[Text]

The change of government in Spain has caused
considerable apprehension in its former colony, which
still depends to a large extent on the goodwill of Madrid.
This is particularly so since last year, when Spanish
soldiers returned as part of a major aid agreement to
replace other foreigners in the presidential guard. (AC
No 21 Vol 22) Estimates of the total amount of Spanish
aid since the overthrow of President Macias Nguema in
1979 vary, but published statistics indicate that it was
about $20m in 1980-81 alone. The country is in serious
economic difficulties: Its main export crop, cocoa, is
now estimated at 10,000 tonnes a year, compared to
four times that quantity in the pre-independence years.

To insure himself against the change in Spain’s
political climate, President Teodoro Nguema Obiang has
been at great pains in recent weeks to reinforce his links
with France and to seek African friends. Last month he
paid a visit to Nigeria in return for that made in October
by Nigerian vice-president Alex Ekwueme, who opened a
Nigerian consulate in Bata. The country’s relations with
Nigeria have always been important since Nigerians
formed the bulk of forced labour on the cocoa planta-
tions of Bioko (Fernando Po) until they left en masse in
the seventies in protest at their treatment. The decline in
cocda production is largely because of this exodus, and
Obiang was anxious to stress during his four day visit
(which was a low key affair as far as Nigeria was con-
cerned) that he wished the Nigerians to return. He
assured them of their safety should they do so and spoke
with regret of past incidents - a considerable
comedown. He then went on to Zaire where “political
understanding” between the two countries was
expressed, and economic agreements signed.

___In view of the close ethnic links between Cameroun
and mainland Equatorial Guinea, it is noteworthy that
Obiang is to be invited to the forthcoming meeting of
the francophone Central African Customs and Economic
Union (UDEAC) in Yaoundé. Cameroun’s new
president, Paul Biya, and Obiang are both from the Fang

21

EQUATORIAL GUINEA



NOTE

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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



DROP IN BALANCE OF PAYMENTS DEFICIT REPORTED

Victoria NATION in English 29 Nov 82 pp 1, 2

[Text ]

cso:

THE balance of payments de-
ficit dropped in the third
quarter and the capital ac-
count improved despite con-
tinued economic depression,
the Seychelles Monetary Au-
thority (SMA) has reported
in its regular Quarterly Re-
view of the economy this
month.

Looking at the country’s
economic performance from
July to September this year,
the SMA reports that the con-
tinued economic depression

' was due to the persistant low

* tourism income and unabated

flow of imports.

There was an overall ba-
lance of payments deficit of
R13 million during the quart-
er being reviewed — a sub-
stantial fall from the R20 mil-
lion deficit of the first quart-
er and the even higher R24

“ million deficit of the second

quarter.

Foreign exchange re-
ceipts of R108 million in the
third quarter showed a drop
of 14 per cent from:the same
quarter in 1981. Tourism re-
ceipts were only R48 million
compared to R50 million in
the second quarter and
much less than the R70 mil-

3400/464

64

lion in the third quarter of
last year.

This decline reflects the
|continued drop in the num-
jber of tourists visiting Sey-
chelles by 21 per cent on
ithe third quarter of last
year, coupled with a drop in
the average expenditure per
vistior night.

Export proceeds  chan-
‘nelled through the banking
‘system totalled R7.2 million in
the third quarter as against
R5.6 million from April to
June this year and R11 mil-
lion from July to September
last year.

At R16 million, export re-
ceipts up to September this
year were nearly 40 per cent
less than in the same period

in 1981.
The SMA quotes the retail

price index at showing a 0.8
per cent rise in prices in the
third quarter, the same as the
previous quarter. In the third
quarter of 1981, prices had
fallen by 0.3 per cent.

_. While the prices of import-
ed goods remained at the
same level as that reached by
the end of June the prices of
local goods and services rose
by 1.5 per cent, with an in-
crease of more than 13 per

SEYCHELLES



“which continued to be honoured by both parties after Mozambique ob-
tained her independence on 25 June 1975.

On 26 February 1979, a business agreement was concluded between
the S.A. Transport Services and the DNPCF to rationalise the common
operations of these two transport organisations.

While the new agreement still ensures continued close collaboration
between the two railway administrations and continuity in the flow of rail
traffic, it no longer includes the formerly unsatisfactory guarantee con-
ditions, but operates on a straight-forward business relationship.

It must be emphasised that the DNPCF reimburses the S.A. Trans-'
port Services in full through the special accounts provided for in the busi-
ness agreement in respect of all assistance rendered.

Moreover, apart from carrying out technical inspections, providing
technical advice and know-how and supplying and procuring of essential
railroad spares and accessories, the S.A. Transport Services has not
assisted the DNPCF in any way physically in repairing handling facilities or
bringing about improvements in the harbour of Maputo, or with the main-
tenance and improvement of the railway lines.

In the past some SAR diesel electric locomotives were hired to the
DNPCF but these have all now been returned as the DNPCF has procured
sufficient additional diesel electric locomotives to meet its needs. Seven
steam locomotives are, however, on hire to the DNPCF and are employed
at Beira.

A daily passenger train service is in operation between Johannesburg
and Komatipoort and is timed to match a similar service operated by the
DNPCF between Maputo and Komatipoort.

At present S.A. Airways operates one Boeing 737 flight to and from
Maputo on Mondays while LAM Airways operates a flight on Fridays with
a Boeing 737 aircraft.

2.7 Swaziland

Traditionally Swaziland’s only rail outlet to the sea was the rail connection
via Goba through Mozambique to Maputo, which connection also provi-
ded indirect access onto S.A. Transport Services’ lines via the Maputo-
Komatipoort line.

A new direct connection has been constructed by Swaziland Railway
to Golela, on the Natal North Coast line, giving access to Richards Bay
and Durban. The new connection was opened on ! November 1978 and to
ensure efficient rail operations a business agreement, similar to those with
National Railways of Zimbabwe and the DNPCF was concluded.

Eighteen S.A. Transport Services steam locomotives, as well as some
120 goods wagons of various types, are on hire to the Swaziland Railway.

_ Six South African road transport services for passengers and freight
are in operation to Swaziland, and some 149 000 tons of freight and
148 000 passengers are carried annually.

A new railway line totalling 119 km is to be constructed between
Komatipoort and Mpaka in Swaziland. Sixty-one kilometre of this line
from Komatipoort to a point 4,3 km west of Border Gate will be construc-
ted by S.A. Transport Services at a cost of some R47 million. The rest i.e.
58 km from the border to Mpaka will be built by Swaziland Railways. This
18a joint venture which will be in the interests of both countries. This line is
intended for the conveyance of large quantities of South

~ phosphate and phosphoric acid to Richards Bay.

SAA operates five HS 748 flights a week on the Johannesburg

75



BOTSWANA

INTERNAL POLITICS DISCUSSED

Paris LE MONDE in French 16 Nov 82 p 5

[Article by special correspondent Patrice Claude: "Visit by the President of
Botswana to Paris: A Country Hit by Recession"]

[Text] Botswana's President Quett Masire arrived in Paris on
Sunday for an “official working visit"; he will be Mr Mitter-
rand's guest at lunch on Monday 15 November. The first presi-
dent of Botswana to be received officially in France, he will
meet with several members of the government and will go to
Lyon on Tuesday to visit the Merieux Institute and agricultural
units. The successor of Sir Seretse Khama, who died 2-1/2
years ago, he told us on Sunday evening that he was counting
on this visit to help develop--in particular in the field of
trade--cooperation between Botswana and France, which has been
very limited in the past.

An open city, sub-prefecture of the desert, Gaberone is the capital of a young
state as large as France, three-quarters covered with burning hot sand, with
only a million inhabitants, a haven of peace in a turbulent region, capital of
freedom of speech, Africa's keeper of democracy, where the opponents of apar-
theid converge, but also the hostage and safety valve of South Africa.

Like his illustrious predecessor, Sir Seretse Khama, who died in July 1980,
President Masire does not mince words in criticizing apartheid. Like his pre-
decessor, he wants to save his country from "the fate of Lebanon." The "Pales-
tinians of the ANC [African National Congress]", as the activists of the ANC
are sometimes called here, persecuted by South Africa, are welcome in Gaberone,
but without weapons. Those who do not respect the contract, and engage in
terrorism from Botswana's territory, are sometimes sent back to Pretoria. The
liberation movement has an official office in the capital, and its members
circulate as they please. But "for their own security," and undoubtedly also
for that of their hosts, about 200 refugees of the ANC and the rival Pan Afri-
can Congress (PAC) are sequestered in a camp 600 km north of the capital and
600 km from the South African border.

Dukwe, a village of exiles lost in the sand, is undoubtedly the most cosmopoli-

tan refugee camp in Africa. Besides 200 South Africans, half of whom have been
assigned as residents, there are 250 anti-Marxist Angolans, about a hundred

11



CP CHALLENGED OVER AWB

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Dec 82 p 1

[Article by Keith Abendroth and Sapa. ]

{Text ]

‘THE Minister of Mineral
and Energy Affairs, Mr
‘Piet du Plessis, called on
the leader of the Conser-
vative Party, Dr Andries
“Treurnicht yesterday to
smake clear where the par-
ity stood in relation to the
‘Afrikaner Weerstandsbe-
\weging.

; Extensive efforts to
breach Dr = Treurnicht
jfailed and no, formal
statement was forthcom-
‘ing from the CP head-
‘quarters in Pretoria.

At the same time the
leader of the Herstigte
Nasionale Party, Mr Jaap
Marais; said he had made
it clear'as far back'as 1972
‘that his party would not
permit dual membership
_with the AWB.

Dr Connie” Mulder,
‘one-time “crown prince”

* of National Party politics
and mow an executive
member of the CP, said
‘there were no. links be-
‘tween the CP and the
AWB.

Nine members of. the
“AWB, including the lead-
jer, Mr Engene Terre’
‘Blanche were detained

security legislation,
week.

cso: 3400/461

\ ‘The arrests of the
‘AWB men came, signifi-
‘cantly, only days before
‘this year’s Day of the
‘Vow public holiday — an
joccasion used highly suc-
‘cessfully last year by Mr
Terre’Blanche and AWB
members to sweep up
\pro-Afrikaans and- anti-
‘Black feelings.

Meanwhile, a liaison
‘officer at the Police Di-
| rectorate in Pretoria,
/Warrant. Officer Dick
“Roos, said yesterday that
‘Mr Terre’Blanche had
never been a bodyguard
of the ex-Prime Minister,
“Mr John Vorster, writes
Louise Botha.

“It was previously. de-
ymied- that’ Mr: ‘Ferre’

‘confirm again, after his
‘arrest last week, that he
iwas not a bodyguard,”
SW/O Roos told The Citi-
‘zen.

In Pretoria The Afrika-
iner Weerstandsheweging
‘said it could not be held
iresponsible for the “un-
inuthorised - an

illegal”
‘actions of “individual
members of the organisa-

ition.
= Mr Groenewald said,

70

SOUTH AFRICA

thowever, that the det
‘tion of the AWB mem-
“bers did not conform to
Mr Terre’Blanche’s “‘de-
iclared standpoints in re-
‘gard to violent action.
“The AWB must,

(detention of Mr Eugene

SFerre’Blanche is unjust;”

he added. ~
+. “At no stage were dis-

‘cussions conducted or or-

ders given that could have
given Rise to (the) alleged

offences.

“In the light of the last
‘meeting of the AWB’s
imain board (hoofraad) on
(Friday, November 5,
(1982, during which. Mr
‘Terre’Blanche clearly
jspoke out against any
{form of violence, the
AWB ‘wishes to empha-
ysise that his motives and
;actions as chief leader of
‘the organisation are not
-and cannot by any means
‘come under suspicion,”
ithe statement said.

Mr Groenewald added
‘that the AWB still en-
‘deavoured to promote its



OVERSEAS EMPLOYMENT-- Four hundred twenty-five Mauritians have been selected
for overseas employment since the new government took office. Of this number,
217 have already left to take up their posts. The majority of these Mauritians
have been recruited to work in hotels in the Arab countries. [Excerpt] [Port
Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 19 Nov 82 p 4] 12149

MEAT IMPORT REDUCTION MEASURES-~ A certain number of measures that are part of
an overall plan to encourage cattle-raising were announced on Saturday by the
deputy prime minister, Harish Boodhoo, and the minister of agriculture, Kishore
Deerpalsingh. This was on the occasion of the first of a series of meetings
that the two ministers will hold with the cattle farmers at Cooperation House.
Mr Boodhoo and Mr Deerpalsingh explained the need for Mauritius to reduce its
imports of meat, milk, and dairy products, which cost 302 million rupees in
1981. [Excerpt] [ Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 22 Nov 82 p 4] 12149

SOVIET NAVAL VESSEL VISIT-- Two Soviet navy ships have been in the Port Louis
roads since Saturday. They will leave on Thursday morning after taking on food
and water supplies, LE MAURICTEN’ was told this morning in certain authorized
Soviet circles. The same circles specified that the two vessels' visit has no
official function in connection with the governments of the two countries.
[Excerpt ] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 22 Nov 82 p 1] 12149

JOB PROJECT LOANS--The Development Bank is proposing, in collaboration with the
commercial banks, to fund two new projects that will create employment opportu-
nities for unemployed graduates and young entrepreneurs. They are a "Small
Business Financing Scheme" and an. “Equity Capital Financing Scheme." The
first involves the granting of a maximal loan of 50,000 rupees to those inter-
ested in setting up small industries, while the second is intended to grant
financial aid to young entrepreneurs who do not have all the necessary finan-
cial resources to start small industrial projects. [Excerpt ][Port Louis LE
MAURICIEN in French 22 Nov 82 p 1] 12149

ILOIS TRUST FUND-- It is apparently today that the Ilois Trust Fund will meet
to give its decision on the three options proposed yesterday by the government
on the method of payment of the compensation due the Ilois. The three formulas
decided upon by the cabinet yesterday were announced by the prime minister to
an Ilois delegation immediately after the cabinet meeting. The three options
proposed are: 1: to those who are already home owners, the payment of the
amount of 15,000 rupees and the construction of a house at Pointe-aux-Sables or
Baie—du-Tombeau, or alternatively cashpayment of the compensation; 2: to those
who are lot owners but do not have a house, the payment of the 15,000 rupees
compensation, plus the construction of a house on their lot or one to be made
available at Baie-du-Tombeau or Pointe-aux-Sables; and 3: for those who have
neither lot nor house, the 15,000-rupee compensation and the construction of

a house in one of the two previously mentioned areas. A strong current of
opinion favoring the first option was noted yesterday among the Iloise commun-
ity, of which some members again spent the whole day outside Government House.
[Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 19 Nov 82 p 5] 12149

28


Two white farmers, the York brothers, experienced similar misfortune. Arrested
for illegal possession of firearms, they were released and immediately jailed
again on two occasions before being released by order of Mr Robert Mugabe.

His intervention prevented a flood of resignations from the bench: the judges
have been defied by a "radical" minister who has upbraided them for encouraging
the "enemies of the state" through their "leniency." The white commnity,
which is hypersensitive but as a whole is loyal to the government, is being
kept in a state of nervous tension by these above-mentioned infringements.

Two and a half years after independence the white community numbers close to
170,000 people (which is two percent of the overall population). That is

an approximate figure, since many probable exiles do not trumpet their inten-
tions—-they take vacations abroad and never come back. The exodus reached

its record level in 1981: 20,500 departures, 14,000 of them for South Africa.
It kept up at the same rate, in percentage terms, during the first half of 1982.
Since Mr Mugabe's coming to power a total of 40,000 whites have left Zimbabwe.
Emigration is mainly characteristic of younger people, who have been deprived
of their hopes for rapid professional promotion, especially in government ser—
vice, by the policy of Africanization. Five times as many people under 40 are
leaving than people over 40. In their place the government is recruiting
foreign technicians: Australian teachers, Indian and Pakistani railwaymen,

et cetera.

Whites declaim against the growing tax pressure and the freeze on high-level
salaries. They dread deterioration in education and health services; they are
alarmed at shortages caused by a veritable "boom" in domestic consumption.

The abrogation of dual citizenship has deprived many of them of their British
passports. The foreign currency allocation allowed for vacationers has just
been reduced again. Moreover, the introduction of "conditional training" makes
it compulsory for young whites to remain in Zimbabwe during a period at least
equal to that of their apprenticeship. For the moment this measure has had
the effect of driving certain waverers into exile. But the government seems
to prefer a commmity that is smaller in numbers and more reliable. The life-
style and standard of living of whites remain practically intact. According
to Mr Bernard Chidzero, the economic minister, average income for whites is
still 10 times greater in the cities and 100 times greater in the countryside
than it is for blacks.

No Forced Expropriation
The government has kept its word to farmers. It has not carried out any forced
expropriation and has protected them from "squatters." It has even sanctioned

land occupancies it used to regard as illegitimate. After all, the farmers
are offering more land for sale than the government is able to buy. The few

99



MOZAMBIQUE

POLITICAL BUREAU MESSAGE TO YOUTH
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 29 Nov 82 pl

[Excerpt] The Political Bureau of the FRELIMO Party Central Committee has
sent a message defining a series of tasks for Mozambican youth on the occa-
sion today of the fifth anniversary of the creation of the Mozambican Youth
Organization.

In his message, the FRELIMO Party leadership congratulates the youth for
the heroism shown during these 5 years since the creation of their organi-
zation, stating that it was able to engage "resolutely on the various fronts
of struggle, national reconstruction and revolution."

After listing the fields in which the young people were outstanding for
their participation, namely, in reconstruction of the areas devastated by
the Rhodesian army, in voluntary work in innumerable sectors, in education
and in great national achievements such as the RGP, the message considers
that "many young people became heroes in the defense of the fatherland,
socialist work and building of the new society. Many made the supreme
sacrifice, that of life itself, in the defense of the conquests of the
people and the revolution."

After stating that young people were one of the main targets of enemy action,
the party leadership states that all the enemy action merely reinforced in
the young people their determination to continue the victorious fight for the
defense of the fatherland by the elimination of underdevelopment and building
of socialism.

In its message the Political Bureau defines, as priority tasks for the young
people in this preparation of the Congress, in the first place the strength-
ening and development of the OJM [Mozambican Youth Organization] work at all
levels as a way of integrating all young people in the tasks defined by the
party.

To intensify the active participation of young people in the main fronts:
the defense of the fatherland and the economic battle and also in the prepa-
ration for the congress either through specific programs or by joining in
the general tasks of the party and the state, are the other tasks mentioned
in the document.

11635
CsO: 3442/71

35



In conclusion, Idrissa Thiam recalled the duties assigned to the Ministry of
Economy and Finance, which can be summed up in two phrases: Evaluate the
government's policies, and oversee the implementation of the economic and
social policy defined by the governing bodies,

Reviewing the results of activities under the plan for short and medium

term economic recovery, the director of estimates and economic status admitted
the decline in production, though affirmed that it will increase by 23 per-
cent in 1983, and that the balance of payments situation will improve even
further.

9920
CSO:  3419/218

60



He pointed out, as an example, that at this moment Dutch experts are work-
ing in the sector of public works and transport in Mozambique.

The support of the Dutch Government to various projects outlined by the

Conference for Economic Development of Southern Africa (SADCC) was also
mentioned by the charge d'affaires.

11635
cso: 3442/71

31


SENEGAL

KAHONE ELECTRIC POWER STATION TO BE OPENED IN EARLY 1983
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 5 Nov 82 p 14

[Excerpt] (APS) The chairman-general manager of the National Corporation
for Energy Exploitation (SENELEC) was in Kaolack Thursday where he visited

the worksites for electrification of seven additional districts of the town
and the Kaphone electric power plant, of which the cornerstone was laid, it

is recalled, by the head of state in 1981, Louis Alexandrenne said: "This
visit enabled me to judge the extent of the energy problems in the area in
order to find solutions to them within the framework of the investment pro—
gram, The tremendous growth in energy needs in the area is related to the
development of the various socio-economic sectors," M Alexandrenne was
speaking to the press at the end of his visit, during which he held a working
session with his colleagues and partners, He indicated that the energy
production facilities of the secondary centers will also be improved by ex-
tension of their networks in expectation of supply along various axes from the
plant now being completed. This will enable the adding of 5,000 new consumers
in Kaolack.

He said that the increased demand for energy in Sine~Salloum will be finally
solved with the opening in January or February 1982 of the first stage of the
power plant, now almost completed and whose power will be increased over the
short term.

He noted that, as part: of the policy of regional integration, it is planned
to connect the network to those of neighboring countries, specifically
Gambia's, This would be done with the planned 30 kw line from Fatick to pro-
vide regular supply to Foundiougne community, He promised that work will
start at the beginning of 1983,

Similarly, the 7 megawatt diesel-fueled power station (Kaolack town uses

2 mw), of which 2,856 billion of the cost was financed by the Central Fund

for Economic Cooperation and a loan agent of the ALSTOM corporation [expan-
sion unknown], will be a source of power for Cape Verde, which will distribute
the electricity itself, Louis Alexandrenne had first paid a courtesy visit

to the governor, with whom he discussed energy problems in the area. He

said he was very encouraged by his visit.

9920
cso: 3419/218

63



properties confiscated by the state used to belong to whites who had fled to
South Africa because they had gotten into trouble with the authorities.

The army still includes several hundred whites, confined for the most part to
administrative jobs. It is nevertheless significant that the two units making
up the spearhead of counterinsurgency in Matabeleland--the 1st Paratrooper
Battalion and the lst Commando Group--are placed under the leadership of two
officers of the former Rhodesian army. Besides, a white general commands the
air force.

The air force has not yet recovered from the shock of the attack on 25 July
that destroyed or damaged 13 aircraft on the ground at the Thornhill air base
near Gweru. Fifteen white airmen were detained in the context of the investi-
gation relating to that act of sabotage. According to their lawyers, several
of them have been subjected to "hellish" electric shocks. Mr Sydney Sekeramayi,
minister of state for defense, denied in our presence that those acts of torture
took place even though they are attested to by a doctor. Sekeramayi's British
counterpart, Mr John Nott, raised the matter at the time of a recent visit to
Harare.

Since independence Mr Mugabe has been waiting for the European minority to
change its political behavior. He has gone to great lengths to curb the influ-
ence of the Republican Front. The Democratic Party, established with the
government's blessing by Mr Andre Holland, a liberal farmer, vainly attempted
to "bite into" the white electorate and, after having failed miserably,
committed hara-kiri. Mr Mugabe had less difficulty rallying elected represen-
tatives than in enticing away voters. Last March nine deputies that were
anxious to bring the RF out of its ghetto brandished the flag of rebellion.
After having unsuccessfully asked Mr Smith to step down, they left the party
and formed an "independent" group in Parliament. Mr Smith called them "foils"
and "opportunists." A month later Mr Mugabe rewarded two of the rebels,
Messrs Chris Andersen and John Landau, by appointing them ministers.

‘Nowadays, the RF's “old guard," which is a grouping of those individuals that
the Harare press calls "the political dinosaurs," does not control any more
than 10 out of the 20 seats in Parliament reserved for whites. In August

Mr Smith's party suffered its first electoral setback in 17 years, letting

a Senate seat barely escape to an "independent" candidate. Mr Smith, tired
and embittered, seems to be resigning himself to a loss of influence which
will undoubtedly be more noticeable within the political layer of white
society than among the white population at large. This population at large
is aware that it no longer has a hold over political jousting and is increasingly
losing interest in it. In an April by-election barely 3 out of 10 white
voters went to the polls. As for Mr Mugabe, in order to facilitate national

100



MOZAMBIQUE

MAJORITY OF SALES ONLY IN HARD CURRENCY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Nov 82 p 8
[Article by Pedro Tivane]

[Excerpts] In advertisement No 11-3041. of Saturday, 20 November, the newspaper
gave telephone No 26155 for contacting a lady who was selling a refrigerator.

The lady's son put the cards on the table: "Listen, my mother is not home.
She went out. But the refrigerator is to be paid in dollars. My mother wants
$400.00...."

I thanked him and hung up. I called another number where a similar refrigera-
_ tor was advertised for sale. A jovial voice told me that the refrigerator has
already been sold.

The person who answered me was not very nice and did not give me time to ask
how much or in what currency. The third advertisement about the same type of
appliance did not give a telephone number but gave an address. When I arrived
there, there was a piece of paper stuck to the door saying: "In hard currency,"
under the list of articles for sale.

Yesterday another advertisement of a refrigerator for sale gave the telephone
No 29252. I called. The telephone operator connected me with a lady. She
said that she was the owner of the refrigerator and added:

"The price is $600.00 for the freezer and $400.00 for the refrigerator."

I told her that I did not have foreign currency and she told me that she did
not accept meticals because she was about to return to her country.

I decided to put an end to the telephone conversation and went to see my col-
league in the ad section. I put the question to him and he told me what I had
already suspected: the major portion of the advertised objects are sold for
hard currency.

11634
CSO: 3442/72

41



image of being a white middle-class university, and to come to terms with the
problems of the country. Speaking at the graduation ceremony of the faculties
of commerce, music and social science at the university, Mr Sonn commended UCT
for the consistent efforts it has made to meet these challenges. [Text] [Jo-
hannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Dec 82 p 7]

BLACK EDUCATION SLAMMED--DEPARTMENT of Education and Training officials do not
send their children to black schools to how do they know that black education
is improving, educationist Mr Tamsanqa Kambule asked last week. Mr Kambule
was reacting to a DET statement published in The SOWETAN on Thursday. "We
parents know there is a blatant lack in our kids’ education. DET also admit-
ted in their statement that there was a shortage of teachers. How can they
expect to produce quality?" he asked. The phasing out of standard 8 should
have been done 30 years ago, he said. It was a welcome move but was just a
drop in the bucket and it could not make black education any better. The
Government gives whites their brand of education and blacks theirs. Educa-
tion can never be equal as long as it is separate," he said. He added that
when black students studied at white universities, "bridging courses especial-
ly for them are introduced. I teach black students every Saturday and I speak
with authority that there is much they lack in their education. DET is trying
to convince people that something is being done about blacks' education where-
as we know that it is only the quantity that is being increased at the expense
of quality." [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Dec 82 p 4]

DATSUN WORKERS RAMPAGE~-DAMAGE to the Datsun-Nissan Rosslyn plant near Pretor-
ia, where more than 4 000 workers went on the rampage for not receiving their
usual Christmas bonuses last week, was estimated at R35 000. Datsun's spokes-
man said about 4 500 workers went on strike immediately after receiving their
pay slips on Wednesday at about 10am. The entire work-force downed tools in
protest against their Christmas bonus, which was less than what they had re-
ceived the previous two years. He said: "Due to favourable economic condi-
tions over the past two years we gave workers a special bonus which was over
and above this one. They deserved it because it was theirs. But the present
financial climate made it impossible for us to give them the same amount this
year." [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Dec 82 p 3]

DIKWANKWETLA PARTY CONFERENCE--BLACKS had wasted a "lot of time" waiting for
white South Africans to include them in the decision-making process in this
country, the Lebowa Chief Minister said in Soweto at the weekend. Dr Cedric
Phatudi was making the opening address at a three-day national conference of
the Dikwankwetla Party, the ruling party in Qwa-Qwa homeland. "Whites have
had their chances for over 300 years, now we should have ours. We have was-
ted a lot of time waiting for them to do something for us but they have con-
tinued to treat us as non-existing things," Dr Phatudi said. He said apart-
heid had perpetrated hatred and political division among the people of South
Africa. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Dec 82 p 2]

SCA CONFERENCE--THE GOVERNMENT was tightening screws on the lives of urban
blacks with an ultimate aim of driving them to the poverty-stricken home-
lands, a Soweto Civic Association (SCA) annual conference was told at the
weekend. This was the opinion of speakers at the meeting on the proposed

83



ANGOLA

LUVUALL INTERVIEWED DURING LISBON STOPOVER
AB021035 Luanda ANGOP in French 1345 GMT 31 Dec 82

[Text] Lisbon, 31 Dec (ANGOP)--Pascoal Luvualu, a member of the political
bureau of the MPLA-Labor Party, in an interview granted to ANGOP in Lisbon
said that racist South African forces continue to occupy a vast area of
Angolan territory which permits them to carry out their barbaric aggressions
against the civilian population.

Pascoal Luvualu, who made a stopover in the Porguguese capital on his way
home from Moscow, where he participated in the festivities marking the 60th
anniversary of the formation of the Union of the Soviet Socialists Republics,
added that the racist Pretoria regime, which enjoys direct support from the
United States of America and other western powers, is determined to delay
the Namibian independence process at all costs.

During his stay in the Soviet Union, the Angolan leader held discussions with
many CPSU leaders. He also delivered a message from President Jose Eduardo
Do Santos to his Soviet counterparty, Yuriy Andropov.

Also, Pascoal Luvualu, who led an important delegation, visited the Soviet
Republic of Belorussia where he made contacts with many local personalities.
During his visit, the friendship existing between the Angolan and Soviet
peoples, who are engaged in a common fight against the forces of evil, was
once again stressed.

cso: 3419/379



MOZAMBIQUE

Netherlands Provides Assistance in Dredging Operations
(NOTICIAS, 2 Dec 82) ...

GDR Cooperation in Training Center Construction
(NOTICIAS, 19 Nov 82) ..

USSR FRELIMO Congress Donation
(NOTICIAS, 23 Nov 82) .ccsccccccccccccceeccesscessessseees

"Special Store' Abolished by Home Trade Ministry
(NOTICIAS, 22 Nov 82) cesscseccecceccecceceececeenseeneens

Political Bureau Message to Youth
(NOTICIAS, 29 Nov 82) .icsscscsccccsceccesececeeereeeess

Satisfactory Visit by Portuguese Trade Official
(NOTICIAS, 29 Nov 82) sesecsecscccccrccsecevcsececsenceees

Chissano Comments on OAU Meeting Failure
(NOTICIAS, 30 Nov 82) .csccscccccecvcceccceesceeseesesenes

Komsomol Hospital Equipment Donation Arrives
(NOTICIAS, 2 Dec 82) secesccecceccnscrsceveecencenceeneees

Majority of Sales Only in Hard Currency
(Pedro Tivane; NOTICIAS, 30 Nov 82) ..ccssessccvecesscvves

Action Against Bandits
(Maputo Domestic Service, 2 Jan 82) sreceseececeececeeeece

Reported Attempt To Downgrade Cuban Training Contested
(Editorial, Sol Carvalho; TEMPO, 28 Nov 82) ..ssssseeeeeee

Briefs
Technicians Trained in Czechoslovakia

NIGERIA

Holy War of Muslims
(Pierre Haski; LIBERATION, 30-31 Oct 82) ...cccsescveecves

Multinationals Under Study for Links With S.A.
(NAN, 23 Dec 82) csccsccsscsccsececcseceecsecsecenceeseecs

Briefs
Ties With Poland Urged
Pakistani Aid to Niger State
Muslims Condemn Religious Violence
Minister Against More States
Minister on Iron, Tin
Ojukwu on Ibos' Role

30

32

33

34

35

36

38

40

4l

42

43

45

46



MOZAMBIQUE

CHISSANO COMMENTS ON OAU MEETING FAILURE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Nov 82 p 1

[Excerpts] Africa has its external enemies, “but we know that they can only
act when someone supports them from inside," said Mozambican Minister of For-
eign Affairs Joaquim Chissano yesterday during a press conference granted to
the national information media, in reference to the frustrated attempt of hold-
ing the 19th summit of the OAU last week.

“We have to pay attention to ourselves," continued Joaquim Chissano. "Some
countries allowed themselves to be led without realizing what this represents
for themselves."

Joaquim Chissano was analyzing the situation at the OAU last week in the face
of the boycott by certain countries which resulted in the cancellation of the
19th summit and which, in turn, resulted in a meeting in Tripoli of 31 heads
of state and governments, who represented a contact group, with the objective
of making the summit take place.

At the press conference granted to newsmen moments after landing at the Maputo
International Airport from Holland, where he went after having been in Tripoli,
the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs made a detailed analysis of the
situation which contributed to the cancellation of the OAU summit.

It Is OAU'S Task to Solve the New Problems of the Continent

After outlining the objectives of the OAU when it was created, Joaquim Chissano
stressed the need for this continental organization to adapt itslef to the new
historical situation of the African continent.

"What is most important here is the matter of several qualitative changes that
are operating on the continent. This brings about contradictions. Now we have
several problems to deal with," said Chissano in pointing out the problems of
the continent.

To Isolate South Africa Was the Topic of Discussions in Holland

After leaving the capital of Libya last week, Mozambican Minister of Foreign
Affairs Joaquim Chissano took part in a meeting of European parliamentarians
in Holland where the question of sanctions against the minority Pretoria regime
was debated.

38



cso:

op reer emery:

}should ‘make a statement
of intent’ with ‘regard to
} further constitutional de-
{ vétopitient of Blacks.

. ‘The association says “it
is absolutely essential this
‘country retains, and be.
,. seen to support, a system
incorporating a free and

diciary.”

On education, *Asso-
com strongly recom:
_-mends that “the constitu-
“tional efiactments should
<also refer to a. commit-
“ment by Government to
‘. grant citizens equal access

| to: education ‘and to the *

support of | educational
‘institutions at all levels.””
 .The proposal that the
| President hold office for a
“geven-year term “ “appears
lito be too lengthy .
‘five-year term is more ap
« propriate.”

3400/461

strongly. independent ju-"

69

&Assocom’ says that
if “looking to the extensive
epowers of the Executive
(President, much. will de-
{pend on’ the indepen-
fdence of action allowed to
finisters to ensure demo-
cratic government.”
» Assocom ‘suggests “dat
bthe" President's Council
“should be'given the role
of a review body fo pro-
* vide a check on the pow-
;- ersof the legislature.

On the’ functioning of
; the White, Indian and
+ Coloured legislative ‘as-
semblies, Assocom ‘says it
t.can be foreseen that the

legislative process will be-
f come more protracted
; than ‘at present and



almost all facets of transport media and enjoys the necessary back-up of
local industrialists. We are and have always been prepared to share with
others, our knowledge and experience.

Our transport organisation has its roots in Southern Africa. We
know this sub-continent. We know its technical problems, climatic condi-
tions and the abilities of its peoples. We are of Africa. We believe in help-
ing our neighbours — and in many instances they have no hesitation in
asking us for help.

cso: 3400/465

78



059339

JPRS 82625

12 January 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2746

oge28

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| “erroouceo ey : i |

| Reo tecanuca |
#5 RE canes | 3 / 4S



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

IMMIGRATION GAINS--ZIMBABWE gained 111 more skilled immigrants between January
and September this year than during the corresponding period last year and
lost 352 less skilled personnel during thesame period this year than last
year. Figures recently released by the Central Statistical Office show that
during the nine-month period this year the country gained 2 254 skilled people
while during the same period last year 2 143 came into the country. The nine-
month period last year saw the loss of 5 756 skilled personnel while during
the corresponding period this year 5 404 emigrated. A substantial gain was
made in the engineering field where 209 engineers migrated to Zimbabwe as op-
posed to 143 last year. The country gained 290 teachers this year and gained
164 last year. The total number of immigrants in the professional, technical
and related workers field was 889 this year and 689 last year, and these fig-
ures relate to males only. Fewer male skilled people in the administrative
and managerial workers field came into the country this year than last year--
126 and 173 respectively. Fewer males in the professional, technical and re-
lated workers field--3 781--were lost through emigration this year than las
year when 4 155 emigrated. More female workers in these occupation categories
were lost this year at 1 623 than last year at 1 601. [Text] [Harare THE
FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 3 Dec 82 p 9]

RECORD WINTER WHEAT CROP--GOOD news about a record winter wheat harvest in
Zimbabwe has come this week. Latest estimates for the crop are now that it
will exceed 210 000 tonnes of all grades instead of previous estimates of
200 000 tonnes. Crop deliveries are almost all in with only a small amount
still to be delivered to the Grain Marketing Board. The full crop should be
in next week said Mr Bud Whittaker, chairman of the Winter Cereals Sub~-Com-
mittee and vice-chairman of the Commercial Grain Producers Association yes-
terday. He added that under-grade wheat would only be about 5% of the crop.
With this estimated record wheat crop and with 25 000 tonnes of Australian
wheat due to be imported in Zimbabwe soon, Mr Whittaker said that there should
be sufficient wheat in Zimbabwe to provide bread for the next year throughout
the country at present levels of consumption. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL
GAZETTE in English 3 Dec 82 p 1]

USE OF MOZAMBICAN PORTS--BULAWAYO--MOZAMBICAN ports are proving more econom-
ical than those in South Africa for Zimbabwean importers and exporters, ac-
cording to businessmen. South Africa has considerably increased port and
rail charges making Beira and Maputo more attractive to forwarding agents.

104


CHAD

Central Bank Trying To Aid in Stimulation of National Economy
(INFO. TCHAD, 26 Nov 82) .....

Southern Population Reportedly Suffering Fear Psychosis
(LE MONDE, 3 Dec 82) ...

SONASUT Official Notes Company's Production Plans
CINFO TCHAD, 20 Nov 82) .cccccccccccsecceveceeves

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

GABON

GHANA

Nation's Future Reportedly Depends on Spain's Continued Aid
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 1 Dec 82) ..ceseccccccccccccvcccvees

State Reportedly Fails To Prove Violent Intentions of Morena
(WEST AFRICA, 6 Dec 82) .sscsescesscceescerreceesceensees

Briefs
Gifts From Libya
MI Personnel Released

GUINEA BISSAU

MALAWI

Briefs
Sea Boundary Agreement
Tour Visit

Briefs
MAFREMO on Chirwa Abduction

MAURITIUS

Briefs

82 Capital Investment Projects
4 Percent Price Rise
Union Strategy Session
Possible Gasoline Price Cut
Sugar Production Figures
Overseas Employment
Meat Import Reduction Measures
Soviet Naval Vessel Visit
Job Project Loans
Llois Trust Fund
Nationalized Transportation
Navigation Safety Measures
Bread Shortage
PANA Signing

-b-

18

19

20

21

23

24

25
25

26


The agents are now opening offices in Mozambiqud, Freight International/
Kuene and Nigel, one of Zimbabwe's forwarding agents, opened an office in
Maputo in April this year. "The Mozambique authorities at all levels seem
keen to promote the growth of import-export cargo to and from Zimbabwe. I
feel Mozambique is the natural outlet for Zimbabwe now and we must seriously
look at fuller utilisation of their ports," says Mr Alan McAuley, executive
director of Freight International. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English

6 Dec 82 p 1]

MALAWI RICE BANNED--NO more rice will be imported from Malawi, according to a
statement from the Ministry of Trade and Commerce yesterday. The allocation
of foreign exchange for the importation of rice from Malawi has been cancelled
and the statement says: "All rice of Malawi origin will be deleted from the
Open General Import Licence with effect from December 3, 1982." Attempts to
clarify the situation and discover reasons for the sudden ban from ministry
officials were unsuccessful. A spokesman from the Malawi High Commission
said he knew nothing about the situation. Half the shipment of Korean rice--
3 300 tonnes--has arrived in Zimbabwe, and the rest is in Beira waiting to be
railed here. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Dec 82 p 1]

ESARIPO HQ--THE Council of the Industrial Property Organisation for English-
speaking Africa, (Esaripo), has transferred its headquarters from Nairobi to
Harare and the first consignment of documents for the Patent Documentation
and Information Centre, (Esapadic), have been received from donor countries.
Making the announcement in Harare yesterday, the Minister of Justice, Cde Sim-
bi Mubako, said negotiations had taken place on a headquarters agreement and
the Government had offered a free site to build permanent offices. The centre
would provide information on available technology and advise on its suitabil-
ity for industrialists, researchers and those involved in decision making, Cde
Mubako said when he officially opened the sixth session of the council of
Esaripo. Ten out of 19 English-speaking countries belong to Esaripo. The
minister called on all potential members to take early steps and become mem-
bers so that the "much accalimed" process of collective self-reliance could
be a reality. On funding of the organisation, Cde Mubako said that all mem-
bers would be determined on the basis of the formula set up by the Organisa-
tion for African Unity It was the organisation's objective to encourage the
development of indigenous technology as well as promote and facilitate access
to and adaption of foreign technology "leading to the achievement of collec-
tive self-reliance within the English-speaking region". "This reduces their
(member states') technological dependence on the more advanced countries,
through strengthening of regional co-operation in the industry property
- field," the minister said. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 7 Dec 82 p 11]

ENGINEER UNIONS FIGHT--THE Zimbabwe Civil Engineering Industry Workers' Union
did not represent workers in the industry as it was not registered as a union,
a spokesman for a rival union, the Civil Engineering Workers’ Union, has said.
Reacting toa story which appeared in Friday's edition of the Herald in which
the general secretary of the ZCEIWU, Cde Edward Njekesa, said the CEWU should
disband, the spokesman of the CEWU, Cde Maxwell Ruwende, said his union had
massive support of the workers in the industry. "According to the registrar
of trade unions, there is no other union for the civil engineering industry

105



MALAWI

BRIEFS

MAFREMO ON CHIRWA ABDUCTION--Dar es Salaam, Dec 27 (AFP)--The opposition
Malawi Freedom Movement (MAFREMO), based here, today vowed to end "19 years
of police state" in Malawi. In a statement issued here marking the first
anniversary of the abduction of MAFREMO leader Orton Chirwa from Zambia,
MAFREMO charged that those who dared oppose the regime of President Kamuzu
Banda ended up in detention where many of them have suffered permanent
disability after being tortured. Mr Chirwa is currently on trial in Malawi
for allegedly plotting to overthrow President Kamuzu Banda's government.

Mr Chirwa, a former Malawi attorney-general and minister for justice in

Dr Banda's government until 1964, was reportedly abducted from the Zambian
border town of Chipata on Christmas Eve last year together with his wife
and son and was taken to Malawi to face treason charges before a tradi-
tional court. Since President Banda was elected president in 1966,
thousands of Malawians have fled into exile in neighboring countries where
they later formed underground movements to oppose Dr Banda's regime. The
MAFREMO statement called for the immediate release of the Chirwas, pointing
out that the Malawian prosecution had failed to prove any charge against
the couple. It said that no justice should be expected from a Malawian
traditional court where legal representation was not allowed. [Text]
[AB271350 Paris AFP in English 1342 GMT 27 Dec 82]

cso: 3400/491

26



FUEL AGREEMENT WITH ZIMBABWE DENIED—South African 0il-From-Coal Corporation
[SASOL] has denied reports that an agreement has been signed for the provi-
sion of fuel to Zimbabwe for the next 3 years. A spokesman said any exports
would have to be approved by the minister of mineral and energy affairs,

Mr Piet Du Plessis. A spokesman for the department in Pretoria confirmed
that no fuel would be exported by SASOL to Zimbabwe unless an agreement was
reached at ministerial level. [Text] [MB301440 Johannesburg Domestic
Service in English 1500 GMT 29 Dec 82]

cso: 3400/506

85



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MORE ROBBEN ISLAND PRISONERS REMITTED--ANOTHER batch of Robben Island prison-
ers has been granted remission. The SOWETAN yesterday established that seven
men were removed from the island last Wednesday and brought inland. One of
the men, Mr Lombaard Mbatha of Bates Road, Evaton, was driven to Leeukop
Prison near Pretoria from where he was released on Friday. "I know for sure
that of the group, some were given remission but I can't say all of us were,"
Mr Mbatha said yesterday. He was sentenced to 20 years on December 30, 1963
and has been on the island since March 1964. Mr Mbatha was to be released in
December 1983. While in prison Mr Mbatha underwent a kidney operation and
also suffered from sugar diabetes. "I couldn't believe it when they said they
were releasing me. My family got a big surprise too when they saw me come
home. I was afraid the surprise could shock them. But although I am happy to
be back home, I am still deeply worried about the men I left on the island.
Whenever I remember them, my heart feels very sore," Mr Mbatha said. [Text]
[Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Dec 82 p 2]

LIMITED FREEDOM FOR MKATSHWA--THE banned secretary general of the Southern
African Catholic Bishop's Conference Father Mangaliso Mkatshwa has been
granted permission to attend the ordination of a priest in Cape Town over a
period stretching from last Friday until December 23. Permission to travel
to Cape Town was granted by the acting chief magistrate of Pretoria, who also
allowed Father Mkatshwa to do his duties as the conference's secretary gener-
al while he was in Cape Town. The conditions of the permission are that he:
"Leaves Jan Smuts Airport for the D F Malan Airport on Friday and returns by
plane to the same airport. That he travels to his residence in Mabopane
within one hour of his arrival at Jan Smuts on December 23 and as the terms
of his five-year banning order which was renewed in April." While in Cape
Town, Father Mkatshwa will reside at the Catholic Cathedral. In May this
year, the chief magistrate refused him permission to celebrate Holy Mass
during the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity at St John's Viyani Seminary in
Pretoria. No reasons were given for the refusal. Had the chief magistrate
granted him permission, Father Mkatshwa would have only been away from home
between 6 and 10 pm. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Dec 82 p 7]

HONOR FOR WENTGES--A GERMAN-born businessman and labour releations expert--
acknowledged as one of the biggest forgers of industrial and business links
between South Africa and GErmany--was honoured posthumously in Pretoria
yesterday. The Order of Good Hope, awarded by the State President on the

80



ANGOLA

DOS SANTOS COMMENTS ON COOPERATION WITH USSR
EA302006 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 30 Dec 82

[Speech by President Eduardo dos Santos during visit to Armed Forces General
Staff Repair Center on 29 December--recorded]

[Excerpts] Comrade leaders of the party and government; invited guests
[words indistinct] the presence of the comrade ambassador of the USSR; dear
comrades and workers: We are meeting here at the Armed Forces General Staff
Repair Center for the second time during a brief working visit. We insisted
on visiting this unit because we received information that there are still a
number of difficulties in this unit in various fields. We came because we
also received information that there are still many difficulties here facing
our workers, who have been attempting with dedication and devotion to support
the management of the enterprise and the Ministry of Defense in their efforts
to solve some difficult problems.

During our meeting, we once again examined the measures to be taken to solve a
number of the problems prevailing here. These problems are problems of manage-
ment of the unit--a problem which has in a way been solved, for as we have
been told, a few weeks ago a new management was set up for this unit. We are
confident and we feel that this new management will be more dynamic and more
capable (?0f solving) a number of existing problems: problems of production,
discipline, and liaison with the central structures of the Ministry of De-
fense and other ministries and enterprises dependent upon these ministries.

Obviously, we also examined the problem of cooperation. All of you comrades
know that most units of transport and the technology being used here is of
socialist origin. This means it comes from the socialist countries, in par-
ticular the USSR. That is why we have been examining how we can improve our
economic and technical cooperation and how we can improve our trade relation-
ship in order to find solutions to a number of problems facing us--problems
connected with the supply of spare parts, the recruitment of experts and the
repair and rebuilding of vehicles that have been destroyed.

Naturally, we did not find all solutions during this working meeting but we
exchanged ideas and opinions. We heard many proposals, and we are going to
continue to work with comrade ministers, with officials in charge of the repair
center's transport sector, with our comrade Soviet workers, in order to continue



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

TIES WITH POLAND URGED--Lagos, Dec 24 (NAN)——President Shehu Shagari today
in Lagos called for increased economic relations between Nigeria and Poland.
President Shagari made the call at the State House when he received in
audience the Polish ambassador to Nigeria, Dr Withold Jurasz. The presi-
dent said that the two countries must find solutions to the problems being
encountered at the coal mines in Enugu where Polish technical involvement
in mining operations is considerable. President Shagari said that Nigeria
had watched with keen interest and sympathy recent events in Poland, add-
ing that he was happy that there was now a movement towards national recon-
ciliation. Earlier, the ambassador, who delivered a special message from
the Polish prime minister, said that his country was willing to contribute
towards solving the problems at the coal mines. [Text] [AB241618 Lagos NAN
in English 1535 GMT 24 Dec 82]

PAKISTANI AID TO NIGER STATE--Minna, Dec. 26 (NAN)—The Pakistani ambassa-—
dor to Nigeria, Mr A. Akran, said in Minna on Friday that his country would
co-operate with the Niger Government in the areas of water engineering,
water resources, engineering construction and medical science. Mr. Akran
said this when he paid a courtesy call on Governor Awwal Ibrahim at Govern-
ment House. He expressed satisfaction with the relations existing between
Nigeria and Pakistan. Replying, Governor Ibrahim said that Pakistan had
shown a great interest in the development of the state in particular, and
of Nigeria in general. [Text] [AB261211 Lagos NAN in English 1200 GMT

26 Dec 82]

MUSLIMS CONDEMN RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE--The Ahmadiyya Muslim Mission in Nigeria
has condemned the recent religious disturbances by some Muslim fanatics in
part of the country. In one of the resolutions adopted at its 33d annual
conference in Lagos, the mission said the incident has depicted Islam as a
religion which encourages settling religious differences by violence. It
expressed appreciation at the steps already taken by the federal and state
governments to ensure that such incidents were effectively curbed and free-
dom of religion enshrined in the constitution was maintained. The mission
said in the light of the declared secular policy of the federal government,
the national and state assemblies should not allow themselves to be
pressurized into creating ministries of religious affairs. It argued that
such a step will give room to the suppression of one religious group by
another which in turn might encourage violence. According to the mission,



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3400/463

cso:

92



SOUTH AFRICA

“TRANSPORTATION TIES TO NEIGHBORS DESCRIBED
Pretoria ISSUP STRATEGIC REVIEW in English No 82 pp 2-10

{Article by Dr. J. G. H. Loubser, General Manager, South African Transport

Services: "Transport Cooperation in Southern Africa] : —

[Text]

1. Introduction

Over the centuries African has been called many things--a continent of con-
trasts, the dark continent or the sleeping giant. It has also been said that
there is "always something new comgin from Africa". In this latter half of
the twentieth century, Africa is supposed to have awakened. What is true of
Africa can be applied equally to Southern Africa, defined as that area south
of the equator.

Africa's troubles are often blamed on the colonial era when the bulk of the
continent was controlled by nations in Europe. Colonial policy was, under-
standably, to exploit those natural resources available and required by the
colonial power for the benefit of the mother country. The only worthwhile
activities that were encouraged were those of mining and agriculture in order
to make available raw materials for export to feed the factories at home.

To achieve this, an adequate transport infrastructure had to be provided.

In the almost complete absence of navigable rivers and passable roads, rail-
ways, the cheapest way to move large volumes of bulky, low-class commodities
over long distances, was the only alternative. Thus it was the steel wheel
upon steel rail that was destined to open up the interior of this vast
continent.

2. South Africa's Transport Links with Its Neighbours

The ambition of Cecil John Rhodes of establishing a rail link from the Cape
to Cairo gave rise to the common standard railway gauge of 1 065 mm throughout
the estimated 39 100 km of the African continent's rail networks: the only
exception being some 5 900 km of metre gauge track of the East African Rail-
ways in Kenya.

71



MOZAMBIQUE

GDR COOPERATION IN TRAINING CENTER CONSTRUCTION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Nov 82 p 3

[Excerpt] A center for professional training in specialties of industrial
processing and exploitation of quarries will be built next year in Maputo
with the support of the German Democratic Republic, according to information
given to our reporters by the National Human Resources Office of the Minis-
try of Public Works and Housing.

The draft of the project for building the center will be presented by the
German Democratic Republic by the end of this year. It envisages, among
other things, the solution of the water supply problem which other centers
of the MOPH [Ministry of Public Works and Housing] are facing, and will
have the capacity for 150 boarding students.

The construction of this center is an alternative for overcoming the dif-
ficulties felt during this year at the center of professional training of
Movene, near Boane, which led to its closing last June.

Better Conditions

According to the national Human Resources director, Alfredo Mateus, the
closing of the Movene center was due mainly to difficulties of water supply,
because the water was carried by truck from several kilometers away.

In addition, the teachers who helped in the courses, were MOPH experts who
had to travel every day a distance of about 42 kilometers, with serious
detriment to the work they were doing in Maputo, In addition, there was
the problem of lack of transport, which sometimes prevented the teachers
from meeting their classes.

The National Human Resources Office, after an analysis of the manner in
which the courses developed, having already graduated 37 workers in the
specialties of industrial processing of stone and exploitation of quarries,
believed that in the first place it was necessary to create better condi-
tions, so that the new courses in the future would progress without these
difficulties. It was because of this decision that the agreement was made
with the GDR to build a center with better conditions, including a guaran-
teed water supply.

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What good does it do afterward to say that the persons are poorly trained?

The other day we reported that a former student in Cuba produced less than
any other official in a certain national directorate. It was not that he
didn't know how. He simply didn't want to!

Did anyone explain to him the responsibility of his job? No. The example
was used to try to show that sending students. to Cuba didn't do any good....

It could be asked what was done in the different services that received former
students in order to fit them in, in short, to make them feel the
responsibility that weighs upon them. It would not be surprising if there
were few positive answers.

There is another attitude toward the problem.
It is to face it politically.

It is to attempt to clarify to the persons who will be chosen for the
different sectors just what their profession is, what its advantages and
difficulties are, to mobilize them with the goal, for example of letting
them decide for themselves.

That is an attitude that we see beginning to appear. Very well. Its need:
was understood when people began to observe that after a 2- or 3-year attempt,
a former student chosen to be a teacher would give vent to his feelings: I
don't. want to!

And when that attitude was expressed by several persons it became necessary
to ask questions about what caused it.

That was what made a teacher-training school organize a broad program of
mobilization among the current pupils of the ninth grade whose school year
is drawing to a close.

They got volunteers. Not as many as they needed. However, they will at

least be able to count on a group which has chosen by and for itself a
future in agreement with the nation's needs.

12,116
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44



NIGERIA

MULTINATIONALS UNDER STUDY FOR LINKS WITH S.A.
AB231155 Lagos NAN in English 1142 GMT 23 Dec 82

[Text] Lagos, Dec 23 (NAN)--The Ministry of External Affairs is to study
reports that three multinational companies with subsidiaries in Nigeria—
Siemens, Hoechst, and Union Carbide--were collaborating with apartheid
South Africa, Minister of State for External Affairs Chief Patrick Bolokor
said in Lagos yesterday.

According to reports, the three companies own manufacturing plants in South
Africa. Siemens also sells telecommunications, rail signal and rocket
guidance equipment to the racists, while two-thirds of black workers
employed by Hoechst and most of the black workers employed by Union
Carbide earned wages below subsistence level, the reports said.

Chief Bolokor told the NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA (NAN) that whatever action
Nigeria might take against the companies would be after the economic and
political implications of such actions would have been studied. He said
that any action taken would be a policy decision by the president.

A NAN correspondent who visited the branch offices of the three companies
in Lagos was told that their directors were on leave. However, a source
close to Siemens confirmed that the company had huge investments in South
Africa.

Meanwhile, the Nigerian Labor Congress has condemned the activities of the
three companies. In a telephone interview with NAN, the secretary general
of the congress, Dr Lasisi Osunde, called on the federal government to
blacklist the companies and send them out of the country. "We will be
aiding apartheid if we do not take such an action," he said.

The NIGERIAN HERALD newspaper of December 22, in its editorial colum, said,
"Siemens, Hoechst and Union Carbidecan no longer operate in Nigeria and
should be shown the way out of the country to serve as a deterrent to
others."

CsO: 3400/492



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

TECHNICIANS TRAINED IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA--Twenty-four Mozambicans who have recently
returned to the country were trained in Czechoslovakia for the textile industry.
These technicians will be assigned to units producing netting, specifically

to the Netting Manufacturing Union and to SOMOTEX. In addition to those who
have already returned, two more went to Czechoslovakia with them and are still
in that country after taking a course in technical training and production.

The 24, according to a source in the Council of Textile Studies and Products,
have specialized as mechanics for knitting machines, sock-making machines and
sewing machines. [Text] [Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese 28 Nov 82 p 2] 12,116

CSO: 3442/67

45



2.4 Zaire ” _ - ae

As a result of the disruption of the Benguela railway, the traditional trade
route for Zairean exports and imports through Lobito harbour, Zaire has
been using the Jonger rail route through Zambia and Zimbabwe to South
Africa.

In the case of Zaire the main problem experienced by its national
railways (the SNCZ) is that its rolling stock fleet is in urgent need of re-
placement parts. After negotiations with the S.A. Transport Services it was
agreed to hire 12 diesel electric locomotives to the SNCZ. Also some 260
second-hand railway wagons and 50 passenger coaches which had become
surplus to requirements, as well as rolling stock spares, have been sold to
Zaire to assist in overcoming the problems the SNCZ is experiencing.

SAA has no direct flight connection to Zaire, but it has been opera-
ting airfreight services with Hercules aircraft chartered from Safair,
although not on a regular basis. Good air communication between Kin-
shasa and Johannesburg is, however, provided by scheduled carriers opera-
ting from Europe to South Africa.

2.5 Malawi
Malawi was always in’ the fortunate position of being able to make use of
the three rail routes leading to Mozambique seaports — to Nacala.
Beira and, via Umtali, Harare and Rutenga in Zimbabwe to Maputo.

This latter route also, of course, connects with S.A. Transport Ser
vices lines, so that trade links with South Africa were freely available.

However, the closing by Mozambique of its borders with Zimbabwe
also meant the severing of this rail connection. Consequently Malawi was
also denied its rail access to Zimbabwe and to the Republic. The borders
have, however, now been reopened so that these rail trade routes are once
again available to Malawi. Furthermore, road transport of South African
goods to Malawi was also hampered due to the closure of the ferry at
Kazungula, but this ferry has algo now been restored.

S.A. Airways and Air Malawi jointly operate five flights per week
between Johannesburg and Blantyre.

2.6 Mozambique

The railway line from Pretoria to Maputo, via Komatipoort and Ressano
Garcia, was officially opened on 2 November 1894, and the use of the line,
especially for South African imports, has always been covered by bilateral
agreements containing guarantees providing for a specific percentage of
the total freight to the so-called Witwatersrand Competitive Area to be
handled through the then Lourenco Marques.

The guarantees were designed to safeguard that port against compe-
tition from the port of Durban, but the restrictive nature of the guarantee
became unacceptable in modern times and in 1970 it was decided to enter
into a new agreement.

The new agreement binds the $.A. Transport Services “Not to take
steps which will prevent the normal development of the commercial sea-
borne traffic destined for the competitive area through the port of
Maputo, or cause a diversion of this traffic from Maputo, or nullify or
detract from the relative advantage which Maputo enjoys over Durban by
reason of the former's closer proximity to the competitive area”.

This agreement formed part of the Mozambique Convention’. |

*An agreement between Governments which regulates a number of other matters in addition '
to the Railway Agreement — oe

74



legislation affecting the movement and re-settlement of blacks. A repre-
sentative of the Black Lawyers Association, Mr S Moshidi, called on black
organisations to unite and fight for the re-drafting of the bill. He said the
life of urban blacks would worsen if the proposed legislation became law.
"Thousands of blacks, who have no accommodation but qualify to be in urban
areas, will be driven to the homelands. Pass raids will be intensified as the
bill will require blacks to have permits to be in urban areas," Mr Moshidi ad-
ded. Speaking on local government, legal expert Mr Bob Tucker said there was
an urgent need for community councils to be granted the same powers as those
of white municipalities. He said Soweto was not in a position to finance it-
self. SCA chairman, Dr Nthato Motlana, said the discussion on the subject
should not be taken as an indication that the organisation was preparing to
contest the forthcoming community council elections. Meanwhile four members
of the Committee of 10, the umbrella body embracing the SCA, have left the
organisation for undisclosed reasons. They are Mr Leonard Mosala, Mrs Ellen
Khuzwayo, Mr Pat Ndabezitha and Mr John Motata, all of whom did not stand for
elections at the SCA meeting at the weekend. After his re-election as chair-
man of the committee, Dr Motlana said the organisation had a lean spell this
year. "The organisation never functioned as a committee and this was frus-
trating," he said. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Dec 82 p 3]

ATTACK ON RACISTS--WHITE superintendents in the Atteridgeville-Saulsville/
township must be reviewed," said Mr Joseph Tshabalala, local community council
chairman at the weekend. Addressing a public meeting at the Saulsville Hall,
Mr Tshbalala said about five white superintendents "most of them former po-
licemen" had refused to join the community council's black staff for snacks
and drinks after the official opening of the council's new administration
offices on Friday afternoon. About five superintendents had refused to go
into the boardroom after being invited for food and drinks, Mr Tshabalala
said. He added: "If these white superintendents don't like us and cannot eat
out of the same plates of food with us, then they must get out. They must go
and practice racism elsewhere and not in Atteridgeville-Saulsville. The coun-
ceil chairman also launched a scathing attack on some of his councillors he de-
scribed as “lazy and ineffecient." [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English
13 Dec 82 p 2]

PAC TRIAL DATE SET--THE CASE in which banned journalist Mr Joe Thloloe is ap-
pearing with eight others on charges under the security laws, has been set
for trial from March 22 next year. The State has separated accused number one
Mr Harrison Nogqekele from the other nine and on Friday Mr Nogqekele appeared
before Mr I J J Luther, to make a statement. The defence counsel, Mr Sello
Monyatsi, made an application to the magistrate that Mr Nogqekele's plea of
guilty be changed to that of not guilty. Mr Nogqekele had earlier pleaded
guilty before the magistrate but was not legally represented. Making the ap-
plication, Mr Monyatsi said his client had pleaded guilty because he did not
understand the charges. The case was postponed to January 10 in order that
the defence counsel be properly briefed. Another magistrate, Mr J J van der
Watt, postponed the case in which the other eight accused appeared. The case
was set for trial on March 22 next year. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in
English 13 Dec 82 p 2]

84



Organized by Dutch parliamentarians, the meeting was attended also by other
parliamentarians of Western European countries, as well as representatives of
the UN committee against "apartheid," and also by a representation of the anti-
"Apartheid" Committee of London.

According to what Chissano revealed to Mozambican newsmen, a 3-day meeting, re-
sulted in the approval of a final declaration and various resolutions concern-
ing the manner in which the European parliamentarians should act within their
parties and governments in their fields of competence for the isolation of the
"apartheid" regime.

The Mozambican minister, during his stay in Holland, represented our country at
an international meeting organized by Dutch Youth and also dominated by the
same topic of "apartheid" and the application of sanctions. At this second
conference Chissano explained the situation in southern Africa to the partici-
pants representing various organizations and parties.

11634
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39



JPRS 82625

12 January 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
No. 2746
CoNTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Benefits, Possible Drawbacks of Senegal River Dams Noted

(Adama Gaye; WEST AFRICA, 6 Dec 82) ..ssseseeceeseees sees 1
Briefs
PAC-ANC Unity Sought 3
ANGOLA
Luvuall Interviewed During Lisbon Stopover
(ANGOP, 31 Dec 82) .. seeeeeee a eeeeeee 4
UNITA Said To Attack Free Churches
(ANGOP, 30 Dec 82) ..ccsssccecccccncccccccsccreveseeesess 5
Defense Minister Issues New Year Message
(Launda Domestic Service, 3 Jan 83) scccsccsccevseesseeee 7
Dos Santos Comments on Cooperation With USSR
(Eduardo dos Santos; Luanda Domestic Service, 30 Dec 82). 8
Briefs
FAPLA Ready To Defend Nation 10
BOTSWANA
Internal Politics Discussed
(Patrice Claude; LE MONDE, 16 Nov 82) ...sscsscecescecves il
CAMEROON
Soviet Soccer Team Visits, Other Soviet Contacts Mentioned
(Mvola Bita; CAMEROON TRIBUNE, 1 Dec 82) .....eeeceseeeee 15
Briefs
Mineral Deposits 17

-a- [III - NE & A - 120]



ZISCO PROBLEMS PEAK IN MANAGEMENT RESHUFFLE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 3 Dec 82 p 1

[Text ]

“PROBLEMS plaguing Zisco this

year came to a head this week with
the announcement by Government
of a drastic change at managerial

level of the steel complex at Red-

cliff.

In July it Was reported that the
company was losing $1,5 million a
month due to falling exports and
escalating production costs. Sever-

, al senior staff had. resigned inc-

luding the company secretary, Mr
Charles Rickwood, who was also
the financial manager. The chief
accountant,. Mr John Woolden,
also left thé corporation. ~

“At, the time the executive chair-
man, Mr David Young, denied al-
legations ‘from company sources
that senior staff, particularly some
in the financial departments, ‘had

“oleft because of the way Zisco’s fi-

nances were being handled.
He also said that he had ordered
an investigation into the pur-

chasing dep&rtment of Zisco and ,

that a casé concerning the non-

“delivery of cars for the company

was in the hands of the police.

It was then reported that Zisco
needed’ a’ cash, injection of $27
million if it was to survive, Very

: soon afterwards the price of -all

Zisco metal was raised by 25% to
secondary users in Zimbabwe. But
the prices of their iron and steel
manufactured products were cont-

, Tolled so forcing them to absorb

the extra costs and this situation

& still prevails for some manufac-

turing companies.
The shake-up in’ the manage-

ment at Zisco:anhounced by -the

“Minister of Industry and Energy

Development this week is still co-
ntinuing.

* shareholder in Zisco.

“A spokesman for Zisco yes-
terday told a Gazette reporter that
‘it was expected that other “senior
* executives”. would ‘be brought in
Voest. Alpine, the Austrian co-
mpany which is cooperating -a
Government-to-Government ag-
reement with the management of
Zisco.

This cooperation is within the
concept of the financial and tech-
nical assistance to be offered to
Zisco by Voest Alpine, as said by
the Minister this week. The: Zi-
mbabwe Government is the largest

The changes in ‘management

| made. last’ week include the return

of former Zisco executive, Mr Kurt

| Kuehn, who. has been: appointed
managing director in place of Mr.

‘Thomas Harris who left the co-
mpany’s services towards the end
of November.

REVIEWED

| Mr Kuehn headed Zisco for
about 10 years until he left in 1978

and joined the Austrian Voest
Alpine group which has now made

«him available again to Zisco. His

appointment is to be reviewed

| within six months.

Mr David Young, who was exe-

‘ cutive chairman after Mr Kuehn

left Zisco in 1978, is now chairman
of the board of directors in a hon-
executive capacity following th
“return of Mr Kuehn. -
«> The spokesman for Zisco said
yesterday: “Things now’ look
| much brighter. We can say con-
fidently that the situation has
improved and the atmosphere at
the steel-works is that the sun is
shining once again.”

ZIMBABWE

CSO: 3400/466

102



SENEGAL

JOINT IVORIAN-SENEGALESE MEETING
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 23 Nov 82 p 3
[Article: "Industrial and Commercial Exchanges Examined"]

[Excerpt] The joint Ivorian-Senegalese commission which met yesterday
morning at the Ministry of External Affairs will spend 2 days evaluating
industrial cooperation and commercial exchanges between Dakar and Abidjan.
The participants include the Ivorian minister of planning and industry,
Maurice Seri Gnoleba, and the minister of commerce, Amoakon Thiemele. The
Senegalese delegation is led by Cheikh Hamidou Kane, minister of industrial
development, and Falilou Kane, minister of commerce.

Speaking for the Senegalese party, Cheikh Hamidou Kane commended the efforts
made by the two countries for exemplary cooperation both bilaterally and
within the framework of WASC and ECOWAS. He also expressed satisfaction
that this cooperation extends to all areas. According to Kane, this
constitutes the realization of the instructions given by Presidents
Houphouet Boigny and Abdou Diouf. The meeting accords with the recommenda-
tions of the sixth session of the great Ivorian-Senegaleseejoint .commission.
He remarked, furthermore, that the significant participation of the Ivory
Coast in the Chemical Industries of Senegal (ICS) was "a red letter day in
cooperation between the too countries."

His Ivorian counterpart, Maurice Seri Ngoleba [sic], affirmed that, beyond

their mutual cooperation, it was the duty of Senegal and the Ivory Coast to
promote development in West Africa.

9824
CsO: 3419/278

62



Muhammadu Marwa, called "Maitatsine," a Cameroonian emigre, prophet and

messiah of his state, succeeded in launching his own "jihad" against the
"corrupt" Islam of Nigeria. In a city which grew too quickly, thanks to the
oil boom, the shantytown unemployed, leftovers from the growth explosion,
constituted an easy prey for'a skillful orator. Galvanized, his followers
threw themselves, chest forward, against the soldiers' rifles; since the
sect's faithful were said to bear a tattoo on the stomach, passersby at road
blocks were ordered to undress, and suspects were shot on the spot. A
young Nigerian led me through the maze of old Kano's alleys, to the site of
Maitatsine's house. To exorcise the demon, his house was razed, and in its
place they built . . . a police station impeccably painted in yellow!

The followers of the sect who had not been killed went into hiding. Not in
Kano, but in N'djamena (Chad), while with some Jesuit fathers, I met an
admirer of Maitatsine by chance. His eyes lit up when he discovered that I
had just arrived from Kano. The young Nigerian did not hide his hatred for
"those corrupt emirs who know nothing of Islam," and the government that
had sent in the army. He was convinced that, contrary to the declarations
of the Nigerian authorities, Maitatsine was alive and well.

Today, one has only to visit Bayero university in Kano to find self-profes—
sing integrationists. Portraits of Khomeyni flourish. "The integrationists
have the upper hand here," a young student explained to me, in the shelter
of his room covered with portraits of Marx, Samora Machel and . . . Bob
Marley!

Side by side with this struggle against radical Islam, a struggle is going
on behind the scenes between the traditional Islamic structures (emirs,
mallams, etc) and the governor of the state of Kano with his team of young
Marxist leaning technocrats. A brief show of strength last year threw
thousands of people leaving the mosque on Friday in an assault against the
governor's palace, killing his chief adviser. The governor's team, which is
a member of the radical wing of the People's Redemption Party (PRP), the
most leftwing of the Nigerian political parties, does not hide its desire for
“reform.”

In the schools, the law now forbids withdrawing young girls before the
completion of their studies so as to marry them to rich Muslims, as used to
be the practice--and no doubt continues to be, illegally. The old mystical
city, heavy with its centuries of history like all the surrounding area, is
caught between the reformationist desires of "young Turks" elected after the
return to democracy in 1977, the feudal conservatism of the Muslim institu-
tions established as a result of the "holy war" in the 19th century, and
Khomeyni style radical Islam which is being offered to the subproletariat of
a city rotten with petro-"nairas" (currency of Nigeria). An explosive combi-
nation, which exploded this week in Maiduguri.

9824
CSO: 3419/230

48



RECESSION CAUSES NRZ TO LOSE MILLIONS

Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Dec 82 p 7

[Text]

cso:

RAIL revenue was adversely affected this year

‘by reduced levels of exports, the drought and

‘the world recession,
National Railways

of Zimbabwe,

the chairman of the
Mr . John

Magowan, says in the 33rd annual report of

the NRZ

yesterday.

‘The report, for the yeat
‘ended June 30: 1982, says
the reduced level of ex-
ports had come at a time
when the railways, which
had taken delivery of 61
new locomotives, were
‘geared to meet the fore;
cast increased demand.

Since, February it- had
‘been possible to meet all
traffic demands but the
new capacity had coin-
cided with a reduction of
traffic, -

The — financial — state-
ments indicated a deficit
of $39 730000 compared
-with $32681000 in the
previous year. Perform-
“ance in the latter part of
1981 had indicated the
deficit. might have been
contained at a figure of
less than $30 million.

‘The statement says
traffic demands, lack of
equipment and ‘staff los-
ses had created abnormal
pressure on management
in the firat half of the
year under review.

3400/466

published

SHORTAGE

Giving the numbers of
staff employed as of June
1982 in- terms. of the
racial classification, it
says there were 15526
blacks, 3411 whites and
1248 Asian or Coloured
employees.

‘The shortage of skilled
manpower featured as a
major. problem in .most
vareas of the NRZ’s opera:
tions outlined in the re-
port, ,
Consultants had been
“engaged to report on
manpower and training
requirements over the
next 10 years with a view.
to obtaining internation-
a] sponsorship for a tech-
nical did programme.

“In keeping with the
policy of redressing racial
imbalances, many quali-
fied blacks have been ap-
pointed to senior’ posi-
tions. Although their. lack
lof experience would place
jan additional’ burden on
the. railways, potential be-
coming. apparent augured

97

‘well for the futuré, “the
report says,

The electrification. pro-
ject on ‘the Harare-
_ DabuKa line wag proceed-
ing ‘satisfactorily, Loco-
motives should’ begin .en-
tering service early in
1983 .and the system
should be commissioned
in the first quarter of 1983.

A schedule of loans is-
sued with the report ‘show-
ed there were seven’ loans
being provided by the
‘United Kingdom, without
interest, for the electrifi-
cation programme.

Loans ‘were also being
made to the railways by
Kuwait, Belgium, France,
the Zentral Sparkasse und
Kommerzial Bank and the
Export Import Bank.

There was an increase
in traffic on offer to Ma-
puto in the second part of
1981 but, because of fre-
quent interruptions to
through-running in Moza-
mbique, movement capa-
city was irregular, the re-
<port says.

ZIMBABWE



cso:

3400/471

tribe — a fact which will cause some concern to
Equatorial Guinea’s numerous exiles in Cameroun.
Equatorial Guinea is not a member of the UDEAC. How-
ever, its links with France were reinforced during
Obiang’s September visit to Paris, which specifically con-
cerned a fishing treaty as part of a wider aid agreement,
including military supplies. In preparation for this visit
Equatorial Guinea told Paris that French tuna fishing
boats were no longer allowed into Equatorial Guinean
waters, and the limit given was 200 miles, “like the
EEC”. France’s minister for the sea, Louis Le Pensec,
asked the Commission in Brussels to mediate, but this
proved to be unnecessary when Obiang turned up and
the matter was settled. He also saw President Mitterrand
and defence minister Charles Hernu, and he was enter-
tained at the Saint Cyr military academy. The pact with
Paris was ratified last week,

Mitterrand’s adviser, Guy Penne, had been to Malabo
in July, and France has also contributed to a package

worth $150m from 29 countries, in support of various

development projects. This aid, and Obiang’s calls for
foreign investment, aroused the anger of his numerous
exiled opponents. The Liberation Front of Equatorial
Guinea (FRELIGE), based in the Canaries, issued a
statement asking foreign countries to await the return
of democracy before commiting their resources,
although FRELIGE confirmed the need for humanitar-
ian assistance. A referendum held in August to improve
the country’s image abroad, particularly among aid
donors, came in criticism from the Alliance Nationale
de Restauration Démocratique de Guinée Equatoriale
(ANDR) in Paris, which called on all militants to “fight
the Nguemist oligarchy until real democratisation takes

place”. Even the relatively moderate Democratic Move- |

ment for the Liberation of Equatorial Guinea, led by
Manuel Ruben Ndongo, did not wholly endorse the new
constitution which the referendum sought to approve.
The government claims that the document was drawn
up with UN assistance, that it includes guarantees for the
lives and property of foreign investors, as well as provi-
sions for minority rights. But the exiled opposition
groups say that the Fangs persecute other groups as they
did under the dictatorship of Macias, and that political

prisoners have still not been released. The former.

Popular Militia appears to have been integrated into the
new presidential guard, which is ruthless: in Supressing
political opponents.

To many: Equatorial Guineans the governing Supreme
Military Council’s acronym CMS means Con Mongomo
Siempre, Mongomo being the birthplace of Obiang and

many of his fellow ministers. The constitution which '

was approved in August allows him to rule for another
seven years before “real” elections take place, and
despite the massive vote in favour of the proposal — said
by the authorities to have been 95-100% of the entire
population -— dissatisfaction is rife, and - Equatorial
Guinea’s future will largely depend on. Madrid’s willing-
ness to continue military and economic assistance ® =

22



CHAD

CENTRAL BANK TRYING TO AID IN STIMULATION OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
Ndjamana INFO TCHAD in French 26 Nov 82 pp 7,8

{Text ] An important meeting on the occasion of the visit of the vice governor
of the Central Bank, Mr Jean Edouard Sato, to Ndjamena brought together the
commercial banks of Ndjamena, local companies and enterprises and the Chadian
minister of finance, Mr Elie Romba. The general meeting was organized upon
the request of the Central Bank which has been called upon by the Chadian
Government to assist in stimulating the Chadian economy.

At the conclusion of the meeting, the vice governor of the Central Bank stated
that his impressions were favorable on the whole. Funding problems did exist.
In fact, the primary (commercial) banks and Ndjamena companies owed money to
the Central Bank which is awaiting payment. This dispute arose in the course
of events. The board of directors of the Central Bank felt that this dispute
must first be settled in order to enable the Central Bank to pursue its efforts
on behalf of the Chadian economy. An agreement was reached: the banks and
local enterprises pledged to pay the sums that they owe to the Central Bank.

As far as the Chadian government is concerned, the Chadian Treasury, like all
other African treasuries, also owes money to the Central Bank in the form of
advances of statutory funds. To these advances are added the debts created by
withdrawals from the Central Bank offices at Sarh, Moundou and Abeche during
1979 amounting to close to 7 billion CFA francs. An understanding was also
reached with the Chadian government on the conditions for repayment of these
sums, said the vice governor of the Central Bank, who concluded: "the Central
Bank serves states. It is going to participate not only in projects presented
by governments, but also in those presented by enterprises through commercial
and development banks."

The Chadian minister of finance, Mr Eli Romba, felt that this meeting of the
Central Bank, the commercial banks, enterprises and the Chadian government went
well. The commercial banks in Ndjamena say they are ready to open their doors,
but technical problems persist. The Chadian Government will do everything
possible to see that the banks open again.

Regarding the wages of civil servants, Minister Elie Romba is asking the

civil servants to be patient. The president of the Republic and the administration

are aware of the problem. One can only use what is available, Mr Elie Romba
pointed out.

9693
cso: 3419/307

18


reconciliation he is attempting to enhance the standing of the white poli-
ticians that rallied behind his government. ZANU (PF) is even considering
running white candidates in the 1985 legislative elections. It remains to
be seen if the moderate whites who have resolutely turned to look toward

the future will succeed in winning over a community devoted above all else
to preserving its “way of life'--a community which, having become indifferent

to politics, seems to be living a life of a kind of "domestic exile" in
that regard.

9631
CSO: 3419/285

101



MOZAMBIQUE

NETHERLANDS PROVIDES ASSISTANCE IN DREDGING OPERATIONS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Dec 82 p1

[Text] A service contract for about 770,000 contos in foreign exchange was
signed yesterday in Maputo between the Mozambican Dredge Firm (EMODRAGA) and
Breejenbout, its Dutch counterpart. The document was signed by the directors
of these two firms, Conde Libanha Fernandes for Mozambique and Ludwig Delft
for Holland.

The contract, financed by the fund of the bilateral agreement between the
two countries, envisages Breejenbout providing services in operation, main-
tenance and repairs of the dredging equipment in Mozambique for a period of
2 years.

Rebuilding of the dredge "Rovuma," the largest ship of the type in the
country, is one of the priority tasks to be carried out within the terms of
the contract signed in Maputo yesterday.

The director of the Dutch dredging firm told our reporters that the arrival
of the first team of Dutch specialists, who will give services to EMODRAGA
for 2 years, was expected yesterday.

The contract was signed in the Presence of the national deputy director of
the office of maritime and river transport and the charge d'affaires of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands in Maputo. Scope of the Project.

The project of rehabilitation of the dredging equipment is expected to
guarantee the maintenance of the depth of the access channels to the ports
along our coast.

The terms of the contract envisage the acquisition of dredging equipment
from Holland for the maintenance of some of the Mozambican ports, among
them Maputo, Beira, Inhambane, Quelimane, Chinde, Macuse and Monia.

We were also told that the service contract of the Dutch company calls for
the training of Mozambicans in this specialty.

For his part, the charge d'affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands said on

the occasion that his government intends to extend cooperation with Mozambique
to other fields.

30



SENEGAL

LD-MPT SECRETARY GIVES SECOND PRESS CONFERENCE
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 9 Nov 82 p 5

[Article by Momar Seyni Ndiaye: "LD-MPT Favors an Opposition Election
Platform"]

[Excerpts] Babacar Sane, national first secretary of the Democratic League-
Movement for the Labor Patty (LD-MPT) gave a press conference at the radio
station on Saturday, the second during the party's legal existence. This
meeting with the national and international press coincided with three events:
the upcoming disarmament week, the 65th anniversary of the October Revolution,
and the special congress last 31 October.

These three topics drew attention during the discussion, but electroal
issues were no doubt most prominent.

Discussing the national situation, the LD-MPT first secretary said: "No one
any longer denies that there is a profound and lasting crisis affecting our
country with unfortunate consequences on the living and working conditions
of our masses."

He asked: “How can we escape from this situation. To us, the choice is

clear: To unite and struggle to ensure the victory of a democratic and national
alternative, which is alone capable of opening up the road to an independent
society that will be master of itself and its resources, oriented toward
prosperity and the flourishing of all and each."

Sane affirmed that in order to achieve this objective, "the LD-MPT has set

up its own rational operating structures," at the same time effectively
carrying out propaganda and cons iousness activities at factory gates to
better inform and increase the awareness of people regarding "price increases,
unemployment, and deterioration in education and health, in summary, about
neocolonialism and the effects of its crisis."

On the subject of the elections of 1983, Sane recalled that the congress "had
given a mandate to the party leadership to take (or respond to) all unifying
initiatives that could lead to the establishment of a joint election platform
with the other parties of the patriotic opposition." He added: That is why
"the party's decision to enter a labor list for the legislative elections

54



Because of this common gauge, especially in the countries south of
the equator, railway rolling stock is not physically limited by international
boundaries or confined to any particular country. It may be described as
being completely interchangeable.

At any given moment rolling stock of neighbouring countries can be
found on each other's systems, carrying commercial traffic from the one to
the other — a significant indication of the trade relatians existing between
the states of Southern Africa.

In fact, the S.A. Transport Services and the railway administrations
of adjoining countries whose rail networks are linked with S.A. Transport
Services’ lines, are partners to longstanding business agreements. These, in
addition to regulating and facilitating the flow of traffic and interchange
of rolling stock, also provide for common accounting procedures and
clearance of credits and debits, repair and maintenance of equipment and
hire charges thereon, and all other related matters.

There is also continuing and open consultation on these matters, as
well as on matters not covered by the agreements. not only with the ad-
ministrations concerned but also with those further removed but with
whom there is a mutual flow of rail traffic.

The figures in the accompanying table illustrate the extent of rail
commerce which flowed between South Africa and its northern and east-
ern neighbours during the past two years. :

Tonnage Goods Traffic

1979/80 1980/81
Botswana; Zimbabwe; Zambia; Zaire

Northbound 1529791 ¢t 2 866 452 ¢
Southbound. 2 654 063 t 2472 982 ¢
Mozambique and Swaziland :
Eastbound 2932533t = 2581 792t
Westbound 1267435¢ 1518 469¢ |

The transport relationship and the co-operation that exists between the South
African Transport Services and other countries is little known outside trans-
port circles on the sub-continent as this article goes on to illustrate.

2.1. Botswana

At present the railway line passing through Botswana is still owned and oper-
ated by the National Railways of Zimbabwe. The flow of traffic into and out
of Botswana is, therefore, covered by the business agreement in existence be-
tween the South African Transport Services and the National Railwasy of
Zimbabwe.

feasibility study'with the object of taking over thé line and its operation.
Botswana citizens have already been trained in Malawi as locomotive dri-
vers, and these men are receiving further in-service training from the Na-
tional Railways of Zimbabwe. |
The Botswana Government has recently hired six diesel electric loco- |
motives from the $.A. Transport Services to cope with the rail traffic in’
that country. Numerous meetings and discussions with the S.A. Transport
Services have taken place on the railway problems of Southern Africa.
South African Airways and Air Botswana operate several scheduled,

72



GHANA

BRIEFS

GIFTS FROM LIBYA--Flt-Lt. Rawlings has expressed the gratitude of Ghanaians to
the government and people of Libya for assistance in various ways since Decem-
ber 31. He was speaking at a ceremony in Accra where Mr. Abdalla Bugeldian of
the Libyan People's Bureau in Ghana donated 50 tractors, 50 seed drills for
planting grain, 30 mould bords for ploughing, 25 one-way disc harrows, 25
spring loaded cultivators and 50 tents. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English
22 Nov 82 p 3055]

MI PERSONNEL RELEASED--The PNDC has ordered the release of 34 personnel of
the disbanded Military Intelligence. According to an official statement, the

34 people were to report to the Ministry of Defence for redeployment. [Text]
[London WEST AFRICA in English 22 Nov 82 p 3054]

CSO: 3400/459

24



STUDENTS OWE GOVERNMENT MILLIONS FOR STUDY LOANS

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 2 Dec 82 p 16

[Article Mashumi Twala]

[Text]

GOVERNMENT is
presently owed a total
of E7.5 million by students
who were given study loans.

“During 1980-198] an
additional El million was
loaned bringing the total
outstanding to E7.5 million,”
the Auditor General, Mr.
‘Gwece Dlamini has said. »

Writing in his latest
“report, Mr. Dlamini says the
situation regarding the non-
collection of study loans
from students is still as poor
as it was last year and the
years before.

He says loans to parastatal
‘organisations -total -E43.2
million. But, Mr.. Dlamini
says, some of the loans have
‘not been recorded in the
book of outstanding loans
made from revenue and
other sources.

Audit

He points out that the
standard of accounting in
government is getting worse
and is misleading . the
planning machinery.

“Drastic measures need to
‘be taken to improve the
accounting standards for
Government's major

CSO: 3400/463

projects,” Mr. Dlamini said.

Mr. Dlamini says the
country’s decision makers
will continue to make wrong
decisions because of the
inaccurate information
provided by the Treasury
Department “unless they use.
independent sources’ apart
from the Annual Treasury
Report.”

He points out: “I have
adversely commented in my
previous audit reports on this
state of affairs but. my
comments have not
produced any visible
results.”

Mr. Dlamini says the
present Treasury statement
on capital projects that have
been undertaken: by
government jis full. of
numerous. omissions: which
have been pointed out to the
Treasury Department. and
contirmed after due.
verification.

He says: “I have heard no
comments for’ gross under
expenditure on several
projects which are going to
result in their non
completion in accordance
with the development plan,

I must also point out that

90

‘ my enquiries for reasons for

gross over expenditure have
to date also not have been
answered.”

He pointed out that for
example, government is
presently being owed a total
of E7.5 million by students
who were-given study loans.

He said: “During 1980-
1981 an additional El
million was loaned, bringing
the total amount of money
outstanding to E7.5 million.
Only —_E51,596.91 was
recovered during the year.”

Mr. Dlamini further
points out that for instance,
the statement of government
liabilities has been wrongly
prepared to the effect that
the liabilities have been
understated by more than
E4 million, due to omissions
and inaccuracies.

“Further the Treasury is
unable to give details of
Swazi nation guaranteed
with Usutu Pulp of E75,000
and the breakdown details of
Royal Sugar Corporation
guaranteed with several
financial institutions of E48
million,” Mr. Dlamini says.

SWAZILAND



ANGOLA

UNITA SAID TO ATTACK FREE CHURCHES
AB301726 Launda ANGOP in French 1505 GMT 30 Dec 82
{ANGOP commentary: “The Enemies of Freedom"]

[Text] Luanda, 30 Dec (ANGOP)--In the People's Republic of Angola the con-
stitution guarantees to citizens the greatest freedom of conscience, which
means that everyone had the right to practice or not to practice any religion.
On the other hand, all religions are accorded the same basis of equality so
long as their activities do not infringe upon the laws of the state and upon
the interests of the people and so long as they meet the necessary conditions
for their legal existence.

However, in spite of this, the gangs armed by Pretoria, which have been in-
festing certain areas in the south of our country, continue deliberately and
systematically to direct their criminal actions against religious institutions
and their members.

There is not a day when we do not get echos of new attacks on places of worship
and on missionaries, attacks carried out by lackeys of the racist South Afri-
cans who sow seeds of death, destruction and desolation along their paths.

But, as we have noticed, it is mainly the Catholic church which is targetted
most by the very ones who continually shout from certain European capitals
that "they are fighting" for more freedom for our people and that they are
"fighting" for what our people have already obtained owing to their commitment
to their avant-garde organization, the MPLA-Labor Party.

More than 10 nuns have so far been taken into the forests. Others have been
purely and simply shot and killed. And all these factors, stranges as it may
seem, have been presented abroad as "great victories"...on the path of the
"liberation of the Angolan people." By killing and looting they claim to be
fighting "for liberation" but in reality these "liberators" are those who
basically find in freedom an opportunity to destroy.

Where there is religious freedom, as in Angola, they attack missionaries, kid-
nap bishops, destroy places of worship, interrupt religious ceremonies at gun-
point, and drag pastors and worshippers in the dusty streets. They lay in
ambush at road intersections in order to attack mission vehicles and kill their
occupants in cold blood. :



flights a week. mostly with Hawker Siddeley aircraft, serving Gaborone
and Selebi-Pikwe. Air Botswana also employs Twin Otter aircraft on the
service.

2.2 Zimbabwe

The dispatch of freight wagons to and from Zimbabwe, as well as countries
further north, is covered by a business agreement between the S.A.
Transport Services and the National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ).

This agreement provides inter alia for a current account to be opera~
ted by the §.A. Transport Services in South Africa into which all revenues
accruing to the NRZ, Zambia Railways (ZR) and Zaire National Railways

(SNCZ) are paid out of the railage on rail traffic dispatched from South |

Africa to these countries. The agreement also provides for a per diem ren-
tal to be raised on $:A. Transport Services’ freight wagons on foreign lines,
the same applying of course in reverse to wagons of foreign railways on
S.A. Transport Services lines.

A scheduled passenger train service (via Ramatlhabama) is operated
from South Africa to Zimbabwe and also caters for Botswana passenger
traffic.

To assist the National Railways of Zimbabwe in maintaining its
operating capacity as efficiently as possible 15 South African Transport
Services steam locomotives as well as 10 diesel electric locomotives are on
hire to NRZ.

South African Airways operates 14 scheduled flights a week to
Harare and Bulawayo with Boeing 707 and 737 aircraft. while Zimbabwe

Airways, using Viscount and Boeing 720 aircraft, has 18 scheduled flights

to the Republic.

2.3 Zambia

‘The rail connection across the Victoria Falls rail bridge was reopened by
Zambia for Zambian traffic on 13 October 1978, although the brid
actually never been closed for rail traffic to and from Zaire.

Zambia is, of course, not entirely dependent upon the southern rail
route through Zimbabwe and South Africa, an additional outlet being
provided by the Tazara railway line extending from Kapiri Mposhi in
Zambia to the port of Dar-es-Salaam. Kapiri Mposhi is the junction station
on the rail route to Zaire via Sakania on the Zaire border.

Zambia's decision to reopen the southern rail route was prompted by
considerations such as the congestion at Dar-es-Salaam and operating pro-
blems experienced on the Tazara line. Zambia's copper exports particular-
ly were severely restricted.

The flow of copper exports over the southern routes to South African
ports is balanced by a return flow of fertilisers and agricultural products,
while the demand for general goods, mainly consumer items, has shown a
continuous increase,

South African, Transport Services is also providing technical advice
and assistance when called upon to do so in connection with maintenance
and repairs to Zambian rolling stock. All such assistance is paid for by
Zambia Railways. At present ten S.A. Transport Services diesel electric
locomotives are on hire to Zambia Railways.

Since March 1980, SAA, in collaboration with Zambia Airways, has
operated four direct return flights a week to Zambia.

73

had"



GAINS FOR CAR SALES REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Dec 82 p 13

[Article by Ken Macleod]

[Text ]

cso:

3400/461

PASSENGER car
}sales. rose by 2,7 per-
,ceat in November,
-compared with those in
October this year and,
‘by the end of last
month, total’ car sales
|for January-November
jthis year were only 5,3
‘percent down on the
»same period during last
iyear’s record-breaking
tsales.

Figures released by the
National Association’ of
Automobile Manufactur-
ers of South Africa show
that total sales for the first
11: months of this year
were 262 633.

A spokesman for oné
top selling manufacturer
| predicts that with Decem-
{_ ber returns still to become
j known, car sales could
‘total 282000 this year
_-which would still make it
;, the second best year ever
in the history of the South

African motor industry.

Last year sales totalled
+ more than 300 000.
>» Passenger car sales in
‘November totalled 20 788
“units, with eight of the 11
‘manufacturers _ showing
‘increased output. At the
¢same time, combined car.
Yand commercial vehicle
+ sales were 31 267 units —
5 only 99 down on those for
\ October.
Toyota SA Marketing
}Director Mr Bert Wessels

79

> feels~that the: motor; in-
dustry ‘‘can now put those
dramatic falls behind it.
‘Total returns show that
sales have gone from a
very high plateau to a
| slightly lower level”.

. Commercial
' ‘Commercial vehicle
| sales for ‘the first 11
months were 133 247
“which. was 5,5 percent
down on the same period
‘Jast year, while sales for
November were 10 479
“units compared to 11 131
«in October.

. “Toyota SA led the way
in both’car and commer-
scial sales for November.
sThe Corolla,sold. 2 611
‘units, followed by the
‘Mazda. 323 at 1904 units
and the Toyota Cressida
with 1 547. Then came the
‘Ford Escort (1 278); Ford
‘Cortina... (1 215);; VW
‘Golf-Jetta (1 174); Dat-
sun. Skyline (1 104); VW
Passat (972), BMW 5 se-
afies (958) and the Datsun
- Stanza at 766 units.

“ Toyota’s passenger car
“imarket share last month
Estood at. 22,5. percent
; from Datsun with..13,5

percent;.Ford (12,9); Sig-
ma (12,8) and VW 12 per-

‘cent.

‘The Toyota Hi-Lux was
[the top selling commer-
\éial vehicle.

SOUTH AFRICA



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BENEFITS, POSSIBLE DRAWBACKS OF SENEGAL RIVER DAMS NOTED

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3409, 6 Dec 82 pp 3140-3141

[Article by Adama Gaye]

[Text]

THE DREAM of harnessing the water and
power of the River Senegal appears to be
becoming a reality. Construction work by
the Senegal River Authority (OMVS) on
the Diama anti-saline barrage and. the
.water-retaining dam at Manantali started
in May this year and are continuing nor-
mally. The work on. these two dams: is
scheduled for completion 12 years from
now, when the dream will be realised.

At its inaugural meeting, in Nowackchott |

in 1972, the OMVS bravely set out its
gtandiose aims — which were almost im-
mediately criticised by international 'ex-
perts as over-ambitious. On top of technic-
al criticisms came the lamentable economic
situation in. which the three countries
involved — Senegal, Mali and’ Mauritania
— found themselves. The three had been
gravely affected by drought during the
years preceding 1972.

How, in these conditions, would the |

“three mobilise the colossal funds necessary

for such a project? The general atmos-
phere of scepticism and the lack of funds
made the first years after the 1972 meeting
frustrating ones for the OMVS dreamers.

- But the unwavering conviction in the
schemie of the three Heads of State in-
volved kept international momentum — in
terms of feasibility studies and fund-raising
trips — going. . : a

A high point in the programme, the
result of these efforts, was reached in
October last year. It was announced that
the OMVS had received money or pledges
to the value of. $800m. — enough to go
ahead with the first part of the programme.

* Even though some'countries, such as the
US and France, have responded to the
appeal ‘for funds from’ Ould Daddah,

Traoré, Senghor, Diouf and Haidallah,
they have not shown much enthusiasm for
the scheme. Others have been less critical,
especially’ the Arab countries of Saudi
Arabia, ‘Kuwait, and the United Arab
Emirates. . .

The campaign for funds has taken place
during a period when Afro-Arab relations
have been relatively warm — the conse-
quence of African countries’ support’ for
the Arab world during and in the wake of
the Yom Kippur war of 1973. Mali, Mauri-
tania and Senegal, quid-pro-quo perhaps,
have been especially firm in their anti-
Israeli stance:

But although. the OMVS has been re-
latively successful in obtaining funds for its
projects, it has yet to justify completely the
money that is to be spent. The objectives
of the OMVS, according to its own offi-
cials, are:

C1 To secure and extend the benefits the

‘River Senegal offers to the people- of the

basin and the surrounding areas;
Oto ensure the harmonious development
of human and natural resources within the
given region and in the affected areas in
the three countries;
Cito reduce the deliterious effects of cli-
mate on the three countries;
Ci to atcelerate the economic development
of the three countries both by inter-state
co-operation and by regional development.
The achievement of these objectives is
more -of a necessity than a recently-
thought-of luxury. The first thoughts for
such a scheme date from at least a hundred
years ago, and the need for developing the
area has not diminished.
The Inter-State Committee of the Seneg-

_al River Basin, for example, which in-



operating personnel) are at present being replaced by Bophuthatswana
ens in the employ of the S.A. Transport Services.

Nineteen passenger and freight combined road transport services,
plus four for passengers only, are operated by the $.A. Transport Services
to Bophuthatswana, while the majority of the internal road transport ser-|
vices have been handed over to Bophuthatswana Transport Holdings.

Magnum Airlines is authorised to maintain 14 flights a week with
10-seater aircraft between Johannesburg and Mafikeng.

2.11 Venda

There are no railway lines in Venda territory. Since the independence of
Venda on 18 September 1979 the S.A. Transport Services is, by agree-
ment, carrying on with the operation for its own account of the five depart-!
mental road transport services, conveying passengers and freight. |

S.A. Airways is investigating the possibility of opening up an air ser-
vice to Venda.

2.12 Ciskei

The Ciskei became independent on 5. December 1981 and in terms of an
agreement concluded with that government at the time of independence,
the continued operation of railway lines through its territory is guaranteed
to the S.A. Transport Services. Several road transport services are still be- |
ing operated by S.A. Transport Services but certain of these may be taken |
over by the Ciskeian Government by mutual agreement.

2.13 Gazankulu, Kwa-Zulu, Lebowa, Qwa Qwa, Swazi and
Kwandebele and other self-governing States

It is anticipated that formal agreements will have to be negotiated with
these states, as and when their independence is granted, in respect of the
continued operation by the S.A. Transport Services of such railway lines
that may be situated in their territories.

These states are well served by road transport services, and negotia-
tions will be opened when independence is contemplated to determine the
future pattern of operations.

3. CONCLUSION

Railways on the sub-continent, with the exception of South Africa and
Zimbabwe, are generally ineffective. Lack of managerial expertise is one of
the main reasons for this situation. Management ability with an Afriéan |
background is a prerequisite for smooth running in this field.

We, in South Africa are far away from the factories and workshops |
of Europe and the U.S.A. As a consequence, we have had to develop our |
own designs, methods of construction, repair procedures and maintenance |
schedules. We have done this in all fields of transport, including air. We
are better equipped to repair and maintain aircraft engines, electronic
equipment and air frames than most of the European airlines. This is
necessary as we cannot easily send defective equipment to the manufac-
turer or specialist repatver. The distances involved are too great. We are
fully equipped and have the know-how to do all our pilot and technician |
training — particularly for onerous African conditions.
South African Transport Services has the know-how

expertise it

77



INCREASE IN ELECTRICITY CHARGES REPORTED

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 3 Dec 82 p 5

[Text]

“ELECTRICITY ‘charges for ‘con-
- sumers throughout Zimbabwe will
| go up again by percentages varying
from about 10% to almost 25%
from the beginning of January.
The increases were gazetted last
week. They are necessary to pro:
vide for a larger contribution’ to-
wards the local-capital require-
ments of the new Wankie Power
; Station complex and also, in’ the
case of the Electricity Supply Com:
mission’s consumers, to provide
) for an increase in its normal opera
tional costs during the. financial
year 1982/83.
{The tariff increases range from
9,3% for consumers in Harare up
‘to 24,8% for the country’s largest -
industrial power consumers suppli-
ed by the ESC.

INCREASED

Electricity tariffs were also sub-
stantially increased in October this
year when the Central African
Power Corporation raised its bulk
supply tariffs to . Zimbabwe's
: power undertakings by 54%.
Apart from the ESC there are
four other power undertakings in
the country operated by the
Harare, Bulawayo, Mutare and
Gweru Municipal Undertakings
“which all take. power | from
~CAPCO. -* : .
All their consumers are involved
in the need to finance the consider
able costs of building the Wankie
Power Station complex at Hwange
which involved raising local and
foreign loans totalling $128 million
through the International Firiance

CsO: 3400/466

103

‘Corporation. This is the, largest
Joan package the IFC has so far.
been associated with in Africa.
"The World Bank ‘required that
“retail electricity tariffs for all Zim-
babwe consumers should be raised
iby. at least 50%, in addition. to
general electricity cost increases, in
order to help finance the Wankie
project on’a sound basis.
j_ The Government Gazette of
November 26 has published a gen-
eral notice by the Minster of Indus-
\try and Energy Development under
‘the Electricity (Development Levy)
Notice 1982 in terms of the Act
imposing on the ESC and on the
city councils of Bulawayo and
Harare a development levy with
effect from January 1 of 38,5% of
the amounts charged by CAPCO
from time to time for bulk power
supplies. - ; 7
A third statutory instrument, the
Electricity (Tariff Surcharge: Elec-
tricity Supply Commission) Notice
1982 allows the ESC to charge to
every consumer of electricity sup-
plied by. the ESC a surcharge to.be
determined by the ESC, within cer-
< tain limits. .
Different rates may be charged
for different classes of Consumers.
No surcharge applies to consumiers
on a load-limit of 7,5 amperes or.
less except with the written con-
sent of the Minister.
“ These electricity increases in
‘January are likely to affect the
ipower costs. of heavier industries
“by an appreciable amount, includ-
|ing mining, fertiliser and engineer-
ing firms.

ZIMBABWE


NSIBANDZE EXPLAINS DUAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 4 Dec 82 pp 1, 3

[Article by Nonceba Gumede]

[Text ]

“THE dual. system of
Government in
+ Swaziland did not. mean
“that we were operating
“in a Government held by
two independent
‘authorities, but under a
«complementary legal
“system between the.
‘traditional Swazi Law
,and Custom and the
Jwestern systems, the
Deputy Prime Minister,
SSenator Ben -Nsibandze
bsaid this week.
© He said “though it
fseemed’ that Swaziland
fhad a dual legal system
of Government, it was
“mot so, except that the
country’s cohesive
-nature as well as its
monolithic pattern has
?helped these two systems
‘to. work hand-in-hand
| through these years since
‘King Mbandzeni’s time.
‘ The Deputy Prime
i Minister who recieved an
ovation ‘from students
lwas ‘speaking at
+ Kwaluseni Campus of
‘th: University of
‘Swaziland ‘on Thursday
<night-on the Dual legal
systems of Government
Hin Swaziland at the in-
ivitation of the
Humanities Club.
Senator Nsibandze
‘pointed out that the-divi-

sion, as some ‘people
: might look at ‘it, started
_ duringsthe time of King
Mbandzeni who was
confronted by ‘the
presence of white. settler
,community at the turn
‘of the century under
which he found himself
| compelled to allow them
to run their own state of
‘affairs without temper-
cing with the Swazi way
of lifes - “

“In about 1888 King.
Mbandzeni - granted the
“White Committee” a

“charter which provided
for self government of
»the Europeans in all mat-
ters concerning them,’’
che stated.

Another factor."'that
continued to favour this
dualism of Government,
ySenator Nsibandze said,
_ was the fact that in 1907
fexistence and continued
operation of Swazi Law
and custom where the
jnationals of the Swazi
British Protectorate were
concerned.

; Later, Senator
‘Nsibandze said, the
Swazi Law and Custonr
was given further pro-
»Minance together with
‘the British legal system
‘of the then Swazi protec:
torate through the 1950

SWAZILAND


SENEGAL

LAW ON ILLEGAL ENRICHMENT 'IMMENSE SERVICE TO NATION'
Dakar AFRIQUE MUSULMANE in French No 9 Nov 82 pp l, 2
{Article by Mansour P. Diouf]

[Text] In its time the announcement of measures directed at some hard-to-justify
spectacular fortunes aroused definitely favorable but somewhat skeptical reactions.
This is because it was not anything new. Struck by the lifestyle of some officials
and the display of their rather too ostentatious wealth, on several occasions the
administration made periodic threats to take severe action. The public noted this
with satisfaction and then, seeing nothing happen, returned to the routine of
everday life and the aforementioned measures were postponed indefinitely.

Then came President Abdou Diouf who, one recalls, as prime minister several years
earlier had given a resounding speech on "professional conscience and the
misappropriation of public funds." At the time only a handful of us journalists
lent him a hand by devoting a series of commentaries and editorials to supporting
the initiative of the prime minister who, unfortunately, was talking to a brick
wall. Then there was the change of regime with the same Abdou Diouf, who did

not fail to follow up his ideas, at its head.

Chinese Puzzle for Officials

Indeed, upon his arrival the new head of state declared his intentions: dishonest
officials were to be punished. It goes without saying that people were not
convinced for all that. But, then a court to eliminate illegal enrichment was
established independently of new measures on misappropriation of public funds;
however, the public, who had seen other measures, was waiting for action.

Meanwhile, the most outlandish and spiciest rumors were circulating wildly.

Will he dare or not? Was this just smoke with no fire or a slightly more
serious threat than the others?

56



SENEGAL

ACTIONS OF KHOMEYNI AGENTS IN NATION DENOUNCED
Dakar LE POLITICIEN in French No 82 Nov 82 p 4
[Article by Less Coura]

[Text] On 26 October last, the government daily, announced, without comment,
the flight of the Iranian charge d'affaires in Dakar and his taking up the
status of political refugee in Sweden.

This person stated that his safety was threatened in Dakar, which seemed a
bit strange to us because we did not know that any Khomeyni terrorist
organization capable of threatening the safety of a diplomat existed in
Senegal. But since the arrival in our country of the brother of the right
arm of the patriarch of Qom, Morteza Mourtada, we have begun to ask ourselves
questions.

This fundamentalist propagandist, who disembarked in Senegal on the eve of
the Achoura (a Muslim regigious festival) was invited by the Lebanese-Syrian
community's Islamic and Social Institute, led by Abd al-Munaym al-Zayn, that
other Khomeyni agent who is in and out of our country where the government has
obligingly offered him honorary Senegalese citizenship.

On 27 October then, a day after the official announcement of the flight of
the Iranian charge d'affaires, Mourtada, with the active help of al-Zayn,
organized a meeting in Dakar during which he specifically exhorted the
Senegalese Muslims to make an Islamic revolution.

In particular, he stated before an association composed essentially of
Lebanese-Syrians: "Khomeyni is the leader of the Islamic revolution, who
will reunite the Muslims and will unify their word wherever they may be. He
will bring about the unity of Islam and of its power. He will have no
competitor, for God has sent him to Islam after the division of the Muslims."

What nerve!
To come to Senegal, where we have eminent saints like Sheik Ahmadou Bamba,

El Hadj Malick Sy or Omar Foutiyou, to make such a contemptuous speech, is
certainly the product of an indescribable insolence.

52



Khama.* However, while the former president belonged to the royal house of
the Bamangwato, the dominant ethnic group in Botswana, Mr Masire does not have
that advantage. The small population reminded him of this by several demon-
strations in May, when it was decided, rather clumsily, that the official
portraits of Seretse Khama would be removed and replaced by the likeness of
his successor on bank notes.

"During the time of prosperity, no one would have protested," said a foreign
diplomat, "but since the disappearance of Seretse Khama--'the great unifier'--
ethnical differences seem to be gathering strength." Could unity achieved

by the first of the Khama be threatened by the son of the illustrious late
“Brigadier Ian"? Apparently he has no intention of sowing the gangrene of
tribalism. "But that does not mean that he will not use his ethnic position
in order to achieve his ambitions," they say. The young general, heir to the
Bamangwato throne by right, deputy commandant of the Botswana defense Forces,
respects the duty of reticence placed on him by his office and does not say
much. He is austere, introverted and enigmatic. The only known source of
anger are directed against Pretoria; because he went to Moscow to initial the
arms agreement and justifies Soviet influence in the region by its support for
the liberation movements, he is sometimes depicted as the "USSR's man."

His entourage denies that he is a Marxist, and he himself states that he is
"fiercely attached to democracy." Would the latter reward him for this tri-
bute if he decided to ask its favors? Even among his supporters, for the
moment that is considered doubtful. Of course, at the age of 31, the most
brilliant scion of his famous family has been authorized for the past year by
the constitution to seek an appointment as judge in the highest court. But
his personal image is still weak among public opinion. Born and educated in
London, Ian Kaham speaks setswana--the country's language--badly, and like his
mother, Lady Ruth, a white of British nationality who had a lot of trouble win-
ning the respect, if not the affection, of the Bamangwato, the young general
still seems too far away from the little people. He still has two solid ad-
vantages: his father's name and his soldiers. No one doubts that he could
use either if he saw fit. Or if, as rumor has it, the authorities make the
mistake of amending the constitution so as to bar the route to the presidency
to those who were not born in Botswana.

9855
CSO: 3419/214

*Out of 32 seats in the National Assembly, the BDP has 29, the BNF 2 and the
BPP (Botswana People's Party) only one. In the 1979 elections, conducted by
Sir Seretse Khama, 135,000 voters out of 225,000 (60 percent) voted. In 1984,
there will be about 100,000 more potential voters.

14


MOZAMBIQUE

REPORTED ATTEMPT TO DOWNGRADE CUBAN TRAINING CONTESTED
Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese 28 Nov 82 pp 10-11
/Bditorial by Sol Carvalho: “What I Want To Make of My Life"/

[Excerpts/ Jose is still young, 19 years old,and he lives in hopes of a
future in accord with his desires. In a short time he will begin a new
stage in his life.

He has always wanted to be a technician in the electrical field because even
when he was little he was fascinated by light bulbs.

He still recalls very clearly how his future was outlined for him.

One day they called him and an official, looking at some papers he held in
his hand as if to analyze the grades of his prior academic years and his

behavior at school, shot the decision at him: "You will be a teacher!"

The problem of the many Joses that we have is not hard to perceive.

As for cadres, there are none. Those that exist are overloaded with
innumerable tasks or are poorly prepared to deal with a process in which
scientific knowledge is necessary for victory over underdevelopment. If
there are no cadres the solution is to distribute well the few who exist;
to choose priorities according to national policy, to rationalize human
resources....

The contradiction is objective: It is not possible, however much it may
cost us personally, to make a country's policy as a trailer of personal
desires. However, the coin has another side: It is almost certain that a
person who dislikes his profession produces so poorly that frequently we
wonder whether it would not be better to get rid of him.

Errors of selection have been committed. However, even if everything ran
like a well-oiled machine in the process of selection, the problem would
still exist.

That is an attitude. Bureaucratic, without a doubt.

43



to carefully protect the head of a Toubou or Touareg nomad from sand,
leaving only the eyes showing.

The narrow alleys of the old city of Kano, the big capital of Muslim north-
ern Nigeria, swarm with small trades handed down from a great past. Despite
minimum upkeep, the old mud brick dwellings, for the most part, keep an
appearance of surprising solidity. Often decorated and crowned with projec-
tions symbolizing the horns of West Africa's herds, the facades reveal
nothing of the interior of these single storied houses, which are a maze of
rooms and inner courts. Far from being a museum city, old Kano retains an
important role in this regional capital of more than 2 million inhabitants.

In every neighborhood, most often on mats in the street, the Koranic schools
are the best symbol of the traditions. With a wooden tablet in hand, the
children sit in a semicircle around the "Mallam," the old Muslim teacher,
who gives them, as far as most of them are concerned, the only education
they will ever get. At 11 or 12 years of age, the boys will begin working,
and the girls will be married.

These traditions go back a long way. The city traces its roots back to the
11th century, and some of the surrounding walls, of mud brick but rather
poorly preserved, date from this era.’ Islam, contrary to tenacious legends,
was not "imported" by Arab traders but was introduced between the 11th and
the 14th centuries from Kanem, a neighboring African kingdom, located on the
shores of Lake Chad. Then, in the Middle Ages, actual Islamic missionaries
arrived in Kano, coming from Timbuktu, to present day Mali, a major religious
center in West Africa. Kano regained in importance, half way between the
kingdom of Bornou, which took over from Kanem in the east, and Gao in the
west. As witness to the fact, the imposing mosque dating from this period,
rising at the entry to the old city, faces the Emir's palace . No unbeliever
may enter this mosque wiich is guarded by white bearded imams.

At the beginning of the 19th century, long before the colonial conquest of
the area, a Peul intellectual from Senegal, Shehu Usman Dan Fodio, launched
a "jihad" (holy war) in Hausa territory, and captured Kano in 1807. Dan
Fodio's "jihad" overwhelmed the traditional northern societies, which were
rapidly islamized. Thus the authority of the emirs was established,
together with the proliferation of Islamic tribunals, a system of taxation
and an administrative apparatus. Such that, when the English conquered Kano
nearly a century later, in 1903, they thought it preferable to base them-
selves on these structures and reinforce them to govern, rather than. to
replace them with their own.

This eventful history largely explains the present turmoil. Nearly two
centuries after Dan Fodio's "jihad," Islam has not become more reasonable
in Northern Nigeria. In December 1980, barely accustomed to the ayatollahs
of Teheran and the instability of the Gulf, the world discovered African
integrationism. Kano was the scene of an outright religious insurrection;
the police were overwhelmed and the.army was called in. The official
count: 4000 dead, and probably more.

47



~Manzini route, while Royal Swazi National Airways Corporation Limited
undertakes three flights. Each airline also operates one flight a week bet
ween Manzini and Durban.

2.8 Lesotho

Lesotho, being a landlocked country, is entirely dependent upon South
African harbour and surface transport facilities for its imports and ex-
ports, as well as passenger conveyance to and from the labour markets of
South Africa.

The existing railway line to Lesotho branches off at Marscilles. a sta-
tion on the Bloemfontein-Bethlehem line. crosses the Caledon River (the
border) and terminates in Maseru, a distance of 26,39 km. The railway
line, including Maseru railway station, is registered in the name of and is
operated by the S.A. Transport Services for its own account. Five white
and three non-white South African, as well as 37 Lesotho citizens are
employed by the S.A. Transport Services in Lesotho.

Lesotho's imports and exports from abroad are mostly channelled
through the ports of East London and Durban; the imports consisting
mainly of grain from overseas countries. !

A number of railway stations on the Tweespruit-Fouriesburg section
receive freight for Lesotho, which is cleared from-these stations by private
road cartage from within Lesotho. Some 36 000 t are conveyed annually in
this fashion.

S.A. Transport Services also operates four road transport services|
transporting freight and passengers to points in Lesotho. and 39 219 t of
goods and 634 478 passengers were conveyed during the period 1 April
1980 to 31 March 1981.

S.A. Airways operates three flights per week between Johannesburg |
and Maseru. and Lesotho Airways Corporation eight flights a weck in pool
partnership with S.A. Airways

2.9 Transkei

The two branch lines, i.e. to Qamata and Umrata, serving Transkei, are
operated by the S.A. Transport Services for its own account in terms of an
agreement concluded at the time of independence on 26 October 1976. |

A number of Transkeian citizens in the service of the S.A. Transport |
Services have been trained and have taken over practically all railway tasks |
in Transkei. Although a number of former South African road transport |
services have been taken over by the Transkei Development Corporation, |
20 road transport services for passengers only and three for Passengers and
freight are still being operated by the S.A. Transport Services.

Transkei Airways operates six HS 748 flights a week between Johan-
nesburg and Umtata in association with S.A. Airways, and Magnum Air-
lines is authorised to maintain ten flights a week with 10-seater aircraft be-
tween Durban and Umtata.

2.10 Bophuthatswana i

In terms of an agreement concluded with the Government of Bophuthats-
wana at the time of independence on 6 December 1977, the continued ope-
ration of the railway lines through its territory is guaranteed to the S.A.
Transport Services.

As the railway lines cross Bophuthatswana territory and do not ter-
minate there as is the case in Transkei, only the station staffs (excluding

76



to examine in depth all proposals and to make decisions. It is our intention
to be able to lay down the foundations for the activation of this unit [word
indistinct] defense of our country in 1983. And we hope that this wish will
be carried out for we are almost on the eve of 1983, with only a few days to

go.

The problems of defense are serious. You all know it. We are attacked by
South Africa daily. We are attacked in several areas of our national ter-
ritory, namely in central and southern Angola by puppet gangsters armed, fi-
nanced and materially supported by South African racists, and we need to find
vigorous answers in all fields of our life with which to support our fighters
on the front line who are defending our territorial integrity with bravery and
great courage and are therefore defending the gains of our revolution. [pas-
sage omitted]

I think we should not promise ourselves that in 1983 every problem will be
solved. But we can, yes, ask ‘the support of comrades, all you comrades
present here: workers and leaders, that our intentions, I repeat, may
finally be carried out in 1983.

On this occasion marking the new year I wish all you comrade workers happy
celebrations, I wish you all a propserous 1983 and hope that it will bring
to us all, all Angolans, new victories in the difficult struggle we are wag-
ing for the defense of our fatherland and for national reconstruction.

The struggle continues. Victory is certain.

cso: 3442/90



the real solution to the problems in the country lies in religious tolerance
against divergent religious views held by the authorities. The conference
further welcomed the ethical revolution launched by the federal government
and recommended that the importation of [as heard] local production of films
as well as materials depicting violence should be banned forthwith. [Text]
[AB271811 Lagos International Service in English 1630 GMT 27 Dec 82]

MINISTER AGAINST MORE STATES--Yola, Dec 28 (NAN)--The minister of internal
affairs, Alhaji Ali Baba, said in Yola yesterday that "too many states
would give rise to stagnation." He told the NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA (NAN)
that the cost of running the present 19 states was a contributory factor
to the present economic recession in the country. He said that to have 21
additional states created in the country would be suicidal "economically,
politically and socially." He said that any money provided for the newly
created states would only be spent in paying staff salaries and there would
be no meaningful development. He however said that a few states could be
created where there was genuine need. On boundary disputes the minister
suggested that any people involved should strive to resolve them amicably
and refrain from taking the laws into their hands. [Text] [AB281311 Lagos
NAN in English 1240 GMT 28 Dec 82]

MINISTER ON IRON, TIN--Bauchi, Dec 29 (NAN)--The minister of mines and
power, Alhaji Mohammed Hassan, has said that about 300 million tonnes of
iron ore deposits have been discovered near Okene in Kwara State. He told
the NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA (NAN) in Bauchi yesterday that plans have
reached an advanced stage to award a contract for the exploration of the
iron ore. He said that the iron ore would be used in Aladja and Ajaokuta
for steel production. The minister also said that about 5 million naira
had been voted to reopen the Ririwai old tin mine in Kano State. Alhaji
Mohammed said that the Jakin Rafin old mine in Bauchi State had been
reopened and plans were underway to reopen the Ningi old tin mine, also
in Bauchi State. He lamented the meager revenue being generated by tin and
attributed this to the fact that the prices of tin were not fixed by the
producers. He said that tin producing countries were now trying to form an
international association so as to determine the prices themselves. [Text]
{AB291148 Lagos NAN in English 1139 GMT 29 Dec 82]

OJUKWU ON IBOS' ROLE--Nkwerre, Imo State, Dec 29 (NAN)--Chief Emeka
Odumegwu Ojukwu said in Nkwerre, Imo, yesterday that since the Ibos had now
established their identity, they should "play a vanguard role in the coun-
try just as they did during the independence struggle." Speaking at a
reception organized in his honor by the people of Nkwerre, Chief Ojukwu
said that the Ibos should be more involved in national affairs. "We should
take our rightful share and give our sterling service which would be a pride
to the entire nation," he said. [Text] [AB291058 Lagos NAN in English

1025 GMT 29 Dec 82]

CSO: 3400/492

31



SENEGAL

Actions of Khomeyni Agents in Nation Denounced

(Less Coura; LE POLITICIEN, Nov 82) ..sscccscceccecvececes

LD-MPT Secretary Gives Second Press Conference

(Momar Seyni Ndiaye; LE SOLEIL, 9 Nov 82) ...sececcsssenee

Law on Illegal Enrichment ‘Immense Service to Nation’

(Mansour P, Diouf; AFRIQUE MUSULMANE, Nov 82) ....sseseeee

Significance of PDS Secretary's Presidential Candidacy

(Pierre Biarnes; LE MONDE, 27 Nov 82) ..cssscesscseveceeee

Balance of Payments Deficit To Be Less in 1983

(LE SOLEIL, 6-7 Nov 82) ..csscceccsccccccsceevscesenceeee

CCCE Credit to SOFISEDIT

(Pierre Biarnes; LE SOLEIL, 24 Nov 82) .s.ccsccsscesceceece

Joint Ivorian-Senegalese Meeting

(LE SOLEIL, 23 Nov 82) sscscccsccvcccvcccvssceesseeseveses

Kahone Electric Power Station To Be Opened in Early 1983

(LE SOLEIL, 5 Nov 82) ccscsccccccccccvcccceccecsceeseeenes

SEYCHELLES

Drop in Balance of Payments Deficit Reported
(NATION, 29 Nov 82) .....

SOUTH AFRICA

"Year of Political Change’ Noted

(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 14 Dec 82) ..scccccccecceecceeece

AWB Sets Up Relief Fund for Its Detained

(Dan Marais; THE CITIZEN, 15 Dec 82) ..cceccccecevccceeeee

Assacom Spells Out 'Rights' for New SA Order

(THE CITIZEN, 14 Dec 82) .scecccceccscrscecsecssescveeeees

CP Challenged Over AWB

(Keith Abendroth, Sapa; THE CITIZEN, 14 Dec 82) .....s.e0e

Transportation Ties to Neighbors Described
(J.G.H. Loubser; ISSUP STRATEGIC REVIEW, Nov 82)....

Gains for Car Sales Reported
(Ken Macleod; THE CITIZEN, 14 Dec 82) ..

52

54

56

58

59

61

62

63

64

65

67

68

70

71

79



ASSACOM SPELLS OUT 'RIGHTS' FOR NEW SA ORDER

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Dec 82 p 11

[Text ]

(THE ASSOCIATION
f Chambers of-Com-

ol

merce of South Africa,
tbelieving that political
Stability and economic
iprogress are interde-
‘pendent, has put for-
ward 22 pages of com-
tment. and submissions
fon’ “the  Presideit’s

I Counci’s proposals for
constitutional

reform. —
=» “Assacom’s views have
‘been ‘submitted to the
Prime Minister, Mr PW
rBotha, the Vice-State
President, Mr Alwyn Sch-
plebusch, ‘the chairman of
the: President’s ‘Council,
in the Minister of Con-
stitutional developement,
* Mr Chris Heunis. iy
i They. range from the
role Gi the » Executive
President, functioning of
the legislative assemblies,
«regional: government.
‘structure, local govern-
ment. systems ‘and basic
{rights andcitizenship.

— the

/ tinuing process of change
“to an improving democ-
Hracy”

i Assocom ‘says__that
jeter final’ form ‘of

68

. ee € essential:

;@ The Tight to own prop-
herty bot dnovable.. and

-gage.in- employnient’ at
“any:place:subject only to:
f the:-reasonable:require-

[ments of :public:health,

safety or amenity...

“or belong to; copa,
organisations. such as -Te-
[ eognised unions, feder-
tations, aséociation’. . or
[other groups.‘which fur-
‘ther the legitimate econ-
omic interests of ‘mem?
| bers,

is The wight to  reason-

; ‘conduct:a business, or en-

+fecting the individual’s
“broadinterests.

Citizenship
Assocom’s submissions
include “provision should
be made for some form of
‘common citizenship, for
all persons - in suthern
‘Africa who: could, in any
‘mew dispensation; have
“been eligible for such
(rights within the original
=border: as at Union in
+1910, perhaps on a con-

federational basis.”
“ endorses. the Presi-
dent's Council’s urging of
(he ‘Government that it

SOUTH AFRICA



STATE REPORTEDLY FAILS TO PROVE VIOLENT INTENTIONS OF MORENA

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3409, 6 Dec 82 p 3124

[Text ]

cso:

IF A LEGAL system can condemn people
to long periods of hard labour merely for
criticising a regime’s efficiency and “‘insult-
ing the President”, there ‘is something
seriously wrong with that system. This has
just happened in Gabon. (See our article
last week and news of the sentences on
page 3180.) ,

- Thirteen people have been sentenced to
20 years’ hard labour for attempts on the
security of the state and insulting President
Bongo. Another 16 have been given terms
ranging from 18 months suspended prison
sentences plus hefty fines, to 12 years’ hard

labour. All of the 37 accused — eight wer='

released — are thought to be members. of
Morena, an: opposition grouping which
‘surfaced in Libreville last November.

Morena, the, Mouvement de Redresse-
ment Nationale, has, through the distribu-
tion of tracts hostile to President Bongo,
called for the institution of multi-partyism..

Quashing any traces of a second party
has been something of an obsession to El
Hadj Omar Bongo. Since the attempted
coup in 1964 and Bongo’s accession to the
Presidency in 1967, virtually all forms of
political opposition’ have been vigorously
stamped upon. The official line is that in
such a small country the State could not
bear the strains that tribalism, the argu-
ment goes, would engender in’a multi-
party system.

“"Itis trie that Morena has a tribalist

3400/470

23

flavour — the Fang are numerically the
dominant ‘ethnic group in the country as
well as in the illegal party. But it is equally,
true that President Bongo has-not set an
entirely non-partisan example.

‘Although the tribal factor is relevant to
the case, it is not central. The point is that

ople have been condemned to misery for
half their useful lives for nothing more than
demanding a dialogue with those in power.
_ What is of special interest in the Gabon
trials is that the State has failed to prove
any violent .intentions on the part of
Morena.. Throughout the trials which, sur-
prisingly but to the credit of the. regime
were open to neutral scrutiny, the defen-
dants denied any intention to foment
violent insurrection. And the State failed
to prove any such intentions, despite the
fact that both prosecuting and defending
counsel were State-appointed and despite. a
‘certain convergence between those holding
executive and judiciary power at. high
levels in Gabon. :

Since violent intentions were apparently
absent the implication is that the Gabonese
State — and the elite it gives succour to —
would perish if the protection of a single
party constitution were taken away. To
reveal this weakness is surely a valuable
contribution to the understanding of
Gabonese society. Certainly, such a con-
tribution should not be an indictable and
heavily punishable offence. |

GABON



cso:

3400/461

“Come sacred doctrines, NOt’fo be tampered
with or amended in any way.

‘The Primé Minister has accepted the. chal-
. lenge, has made it clear that reform is going
; to be carried through, has succeeded, by
£ force of his personality, in getting his party to

H agoalong-withhim. _

‘The support he loses from Afrikaners will be

mofe than made up by the English-speaking

support he acquires, for any kind of reform is

“sufficient, for, English-s Who hanker

for a change from the sterile racial policies of.

* the past.

‘Ninteen-ighty three will be-the year of PW

® Botha .as. well, because. he. is going’ to push

i through. Parliament his reform plan, what-

# ever his Right-wing opponents,or Opposition

¥ critics (and there still are some) say.

Iti is not, from the nature of the man, going'to

£ be an easy ride for anyone, but he is a com-:

© mitted’ reformist. now, and he is’ going to’

ig place the country. firmly on.the:s

t tional road he has chosen for:

‘And South-Africa.

by
&

cere

ae

66



SENEGAL

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS DEFICIT TO BE LESS IN 1983
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 6-7 Nov 82 p 2

[Excerpts] (APS) Idrissa Thiam, director of estimates and economic status
of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, said yesterday that another deficit
in the trade balance is predicted for 1983.

M Thiam, who represented Minister Ousmane Seck at the second series of
Senegalese Trade Days now being held at the Novotel, hastened to add that the
deficit will be smaller than in 1981-1982 in view of the better rainfall,

on the one hand, and of the implementation of the plan for short and long
term economic and financial recovery on the other,

Reviewing the rationale of this government policy, Idrissa Thiam said that
the recovery plan's objectives were, first, to improve the state's finances,
insure that these are in harmony with the economic and social development
plans, direct the resources to the priority areas, and, finally, get a revival
of investment underway.

He continued:. "That is why our actions are governed by three main directives:
management of the recovery, organization of the economy, and revival of in-
vestment, along with the management responsible for preparing the development
programs,"

Discussing the improvement of finances, Idrissa Thiam cited the adjustment

of prices and wages in 1981, noting that agricultural prices had been in-
creased by 40 percent, He added: "With respect to the state's operation,

it was a matter of cutting its expenditures, both for personnel and supplies,
improving the balance by good allocation of imports, and collection of debts."

The representative of the Ministry of Economy and Finance said in respect
to money and credit that in 1978-1979 the rate of increase in credit was
50 percent, which produced a significant increase in liquidity.

Also, bankers were asked to provide financing only for the industrial, crafts,
and fishing sectors,

Idrissa Thiam said these measures made it possible to stabilize foreign

assets and to impose management procedures in order to avoid what he called
the "apocalypse scenario."

59



We should say that the Ministry of Youth and Sports has done all it could to
ensure the success of the Soviet soccer players'-visit to Cameroon. For in-
stance, as for any international meeting, various commissions were created to
organize the Soviets' tour. These include organization, welcoming and trans-
portation, security, press and medical commissions.

9294
csO: 3419/326

16



MOZAMBIQUE

USSR FRELIMO CONGRESS DONATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 23 Nov 82 p 1

[Text] The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
gave to our country various materials as contribution to the preparations
for the Fourth Congress of the FRELIMO Party.

The donated material, which will be delivered before the end of February
1983, comprises, among other things, articles of clothing, sports materials,
briefcases, cleaning and hygiene articles, in amounts adding up to thousands
of tons.

Included in this material are tens of thousands of shirts with the emblem of
the Fourth Congress of the FRELIMO Party, hundreds of briefcases, 1,000
wristwatches for men and women, sports material, thousands of pieces of
clothing for men, women and children, thousands of albums and works of
politicosocial literature and thousands of emblems of the Fourth Congress of
the FRELIMO Party, and many other articles.

The donation of this material is part of the fraternal relations of friend-
ship and solidarity and deep cooperation existing between the parties and
peoples of the two countries.

A large portion of this material is destined to reward the best workers,

distinguished in the campaign of socialist emulation in support of the Fourth
Congress of the FRELIMO Party.

11635
CsO: 3442/71

33



This is the place to ask whether the Islamic and Social Institute has in
its objectives and prerogatives the right to organize such political rallies
under the cover of religion.

Without ‘mentioning the collection aimed at financing the terrorist organi-
zation Amal (the latter took in more than 30 million francs CFA last

27 October), this institute appears to us today.to be the center of Khomeyni
Propaganda where strategies for destabilizing our lay regime are worked out
with a view toward exporting the Islamic "Revolution" to Senegal.

The government of our country, faithful to its closed-eyes policy, is not
even worried about the activities of Abd al-Munaym al-Zayn who, accompanied
by a Lebanese businessman named Hawili, based in Dakar, recently went to
Tehran for instructions.

According to reliable sources, this local, almost clandestine, Khomeyni
representative is likewise a confirmed specialist in currency trafficking.

A number of Lebanese who want to organize flights of capital would go through
him for the success of the operation. An honorary citizen of Senegal, the
Shiite leader is never searched by customs when leaving the airport; more-
over, customs agents would have had trouble catching him for, according to
Radio Ndiongolor, he hides the dough for export in his turban. And no
customs agent has the courage to undo the turban of an envoy of God. That
would be sacrilege.

9895
CSO: 3419/246

53


SOUTHERN POPULATION REPORTEDLY SUFFERING FEAR PSYCHOSIS
Paris LE MONDE in French 3 Dec 82 p 7
[Article: "Great Fear in the South"]

[Text] Mondou, AP--A real psychosis of fear has affected the people of
southern Chad since the beginning of. November, following incidents which
caused the death of several ‘persons. On 20 November shots fired in the air
by soldiers on the occasion of a wedding sowed panic among the residents of
Mondou, who believed that this meant.a resumption of the fighting between
government forces and the supporters of Colonel Kamougue, a former "southern
leader. A week earlier, backfires from a car which had lost its muffler led
to the immediate abandonment of the city by one-third of the population,
which was convinced that an exchange of fire between troops had taken place.

"

Previously, several people said they had seen "the sun explode into four
pieces" and that in their view this sign meant the beginning of serious
trouble and particularly the beginning of a bloody war which would
reportedly mark the "triumphant return" of Colonel Kamougue, who narrowly
escaped last September from the men of Hissein Habre, the Chadian chief of
state. Many people, taking these predictions seriously, left the city with
their families and went to nearby villages to live.

This psychosis seems to have been caused by a series of holdups committed by
soldiers in search of extra income who lent their services to silent partners
to whom people owed money, thus creating insecurity in the whole region.

On 24 October Colonel Allafi, chief of staff of the "Integrated National
Army" (ANI) of the Transitional National Union Government (GUNT) of Weddeye
Goukouni, was executed in his own village, and his corpse was left on public
view in the street for several days. On the same day the secretary of a
canton who was known for his severity toward one faction among the people was
executed at his home near Gore, in the prefecture of Logone Oriental. A few
days later a senior official in a canton in Mbaibokoum committed suicide
after having been beaten in public by soldiers.

Finally, on 13 November the treasurer of the town of Moundou, Beassoumta,

resigned his post after having been forced to turn over all of his tax
receipts to soldiers, who threatened him with a rifle.

5170
CSO: 3419/297

19



SWAZILAND

‘OBSERVER'S' PLAN TO BECOME DAILY REPORTED

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 16 Dec 82 pp 1, 16

[Text]

THE launching of 4 new —

:daily' newspaper in Swa- the news have a)
¢Ziland appears to have fi- ked the people’ respons.
Lazied out after only three ible for the:production of
{tssues. ’ ‘the paper to send my co-

In’ a front-page edit- : ;pies through the. mail.
forial last Thursday, The {urday edition was on i {But as of.now, Pre not
{Swazi Observer announ- afternoon and Mbaban checked my mailbox and
{ced that it had become residents were to so I’m not in a position to
(the second daily in the fee's Friday ecitahrave {ua yon acy what's
‘today? wih fl from oe om Sunday after- However later in the
£., It added that it would A:spokesmanforSNA (23
‘publish “daily from Mo- Mbabane ‘yesterday
cnday to Saturday each expressed “he, ‘spokesman for Dr.
week.” Surprise whes,

“The editorial said the Reng ofthe Friday and’ gue vo-unforesen tec
“paper was being printed ssid his shop had only nical problems in. the pri-

ton a new E226,000 web nting department ‘of Ju-
‘offset press. The compa- iigeet ived Thursday % and bilee Printing and Pub-
‘ny has staff of 29, “Apparently no further | Ushing Company, the in-
© Thursday’s | announ- i ? troduction of the new da-
i editions of the paper have ‘ -
‘cement in the paper follo- been published. ily Swazi Observer new:
Swed a news item on tel- | - When contacted yest. spaper has been

‘ delayed.”
} The statement added
that “the proof of the

‘evision and radio which — | erday morning for a co-
. mment on the paper’s
imon-appearance, Dr.

“first three days on expe-
Ee :Naumalo told The
ds Times:“T’m not aware of. Timental stages, proved
drst Swazi the daly predation ot cable of producing.
paper to be ally paper.’

cso: 3400/507



MOZAMBIQUE

KOMSOMOL HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT DONATION ARRIVES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Dec 82 p 3

[Excerpts] Hospital equipment to outfit Maternidade do Dondo hospital, built
2 years ago by brigades of the Mozambican Youth Organization and the Leninist
Komsomol (USSR), was delivered yesterday to the secretary general of the youth
organization of our country by the charge d'affaires of the Soviet Embassy in
Maputo.

At a symbolic ceremony which took place at the national headquarters of the
OJM [Mozambican Youth Organization], Pavel Chmelkov turned over three 20-ton
containers with hospital equipment ranging from modern apparatus to furniture
for the maternity hospital.

In an impromptu speech on the occasion of the delivery of the donation, Zacar-
ias Kupela said that relation between Mozambican and Soviet youth have been
maintained since the years of national liberation armed struggle of our country
and were continued efficiently after independence, which is illustrated by the
fact of the construction of the 50-bed Maternidade do Dondo hospital.

He expressed thanks for the gesture of KOMSOMOL solidarity in donating, as well,
the material for the hospital which, according to him, shows the concern of
that organization in continuing strengthening the existing friendship not only
between the two organizations, but between the two peoples.

11634
CSO: 3442/72

40



recommendation of the Executive Council of South Africa, was received by the
widow of Mr Wilfred Wentges, at the time of his death chief executive and
vice-chairman of Siemens Ltd, South Africa. Also present at the ceremony were
Mr Wentges' daughter and son-in-law, Mr and Mrs D W Daniel, and daughter, Mrs
M Smeddle. Mr Wentges joined Siemens in Berlin in 1938 and in 1965 took
charge of the African desk for the Siemens Aktiengesellschaft. He was appoin-
ted in 1973 to the top executive post in South Africa. In 1980 he was elected
president of the GErman/South African Chamber of Commerce and Industries. He
used the position to promote economic ties between the two countries. The
official citation to the award said that he also made a constructive contribu-
tion to the evolution of South Africa's labour reforms. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 15 Dec 82 p 8]

KHUTALA POWER STATION--The R80-million contract for the main civil and build-
ing work at Escom's new Khutala power station has been awarded to Gillis-Mason
Construction of Bedfordview. Khutala is situated near Kendal in the Eastern
Transvaal and is one of the latest of the 3 600 MW stations to be built by
Escom in the Transvaal and OFS. Work on this contract will start during 1983
and is due for completion in 1989. The award of this contract is the third

in a row for Gillis-Mason at Khutala. The first was an R8-million contract
for station terracing and drainage, which started about five months ago.
Gillis-Mason has also received a letter of award from the main boiler
contractor for Khutala, Combustion Engineering of the US for the design and
construction foundations for the boilerhouses, a job worth R30-million--boost-
ing total work value for Gillis-Mason at Khutala to R120-million. Gillis-
Mason has played a leading role in power station construction since the com-
pany's inception in 1965 and has been responsible for major work at Escom's
Grootvlei, Arnot, Matla and Lethabo power stations. The award of the latest
contract at Khutala raises the company's order book to more than R300-million,
which represents approximately 15 percent of the uncompleted contract work for
the entire civil engineering industry in the Republic. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 15 Dec 82 p 19]

FOOD ALLOWANCE--DURBAN--A food allowance of R40 per month will be paid to
unskilled and semi-skilled workers in the sugar manufacturing and refinery
industry, excluding those employees living in married quarters provided by
milling companies. This was the majority agreement made in Durban yesterday
by the Industrial Council for the Sugar Manufacturing and Refining Industry.
The council said the allowance will be paid with effect from Nov 1 this year,
to those employees who elect to take it in lieu of the food scheme provided
by the employer. There was one dissenting vote at the meeting for the pro-
posed scheme--by the National Union of Sugar Manufacturing and Refining Em-
ployees, who subsequently refused to participate in any discussions on a
newly-formed sub-committee of the council. The sub-committee was formed to
discuss food and living allowances, and the question of the possible payment
of a consolidated wage in the industry. The parties to the Industrial Coun-
cil are: Sugar Manufacturing and Refining Employers Association: Amalga-
mated Engineering Union of SA; Natal Sugar Industry Employees Union; SA
Electrical Workers Association; Sugar Industry Employees Association; SA
Boilermakers Society and the National Union of Sugar Manufacturing and Re-
_fining Employees. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Dec 82 p 12]

81



SENEGAL

SIGNIFICANCE OF PDS SECRETARY'S PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDACY
Paris LE MONDE in French 27 Nov 82 p 4

[Article by Pierre Biarnes: "Maitre Wade Will Be a Candidate for the
February 1983 Presidential Elections"]

[Text] Maitre Abdoulayd Wade, secretary general of the Senegalese Democratic
Party, the only opposition group to be currently represented in the National
Assembly, where it numbers nine deputies out of 100, will be President
Diouf's main rival in the February 1983 elections, after having been Senghor's
chief rival 5 years ago. The announcement of Maitre Wade's candidacy on
Thursday 25 November at the conclusion of his party's first day of conference,
signals the commencement of a presidential campaign which promises to be a
lively one, even if the reelection of the present president as head of state
is beyond doubt.

After almost 2 years in the presidency, Abdouf Diouf has remained faithful
to the course of his predecessor whose mandate he is fulfilling, and has
retained the same governing body, with a few rare exceptions, yet has
managed to convince his fellow countrymen that when the time comes, he is
the man for change. Maitre Wade's candidacy constitutes a challenge on this
point.

By announcing his candidacy first, the PDS leader stands a goéd chance of
inducing other opposition leaders to support him (besides the socialist and
the government party, there are currently 13 parties in Senegal).

It is highly unlikely, however, that the other major opposition party,
Professor Cheikh Anta Diop's National Democratic Assembly (RND), said to be
far more tempted by eventual membership in the government after the elections,
would agree to back Maitre Wade.

Moreover, the still possible candidacy of Mamadou Dia, former unsuccessful
rival of President Senghor in the early sixties, could only be "for the
record." In fact, Dia appears chiefly anxious to explain himself for the
umpteenth time regarding his behavior 20 years ago when, as council president
and "number 2" in the regime, he let himself be drawn into an attempted coup
d'etat which cost him 12 years in prison.

9824
CsO: 3419/278

58



MATANZIMA'S IN-LAW WARNED--UMTATA~-A son-in-law of President Kaiser Matanzima
of Transkei, has received death threats from an anonymous caller who warned
him to cut ties with the banned African National Congress if he still wished
to continue living. Mr Prince Madikizela, former president of the banned
Transkei Youth League, said the caller said he was telephoning from the of-

_ fices of the South African Security Police. The caller reminded him of the
assassination of a Durban civil rights lawyer, Mr Griffiths Mxenge, and said
if Mr Madikizela did not dissociate himself from the ANC, he would be the next
victim. Mr Madikizela, a practising attorney, who has been active in taking
defence instructions in a number of political cases, said the caller also re-
minded him of the attacks on ANC tragets by South Africa in Maseru last Thurs-
day. Mr Madikizela said he was "no member of the African National Congress
and I will never be one". He admitted that he has defended in several polit-
ical cases, including last week's terrorism trial of three men in Butterworth,
and said: "I do take instructions from political detainees just as any other
lawyer can do, and I will continue to do so as long as I am still a practising
attorney." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Dec 82 p 12]

LIVESTOCK GIANTS AMALGAMATE--TWO of the country's largest livestock co-oper-
ations are to amalgamate. IT was announced in Pretoria yesterday that Vleis-
sentraal and Boeremakelaars Kooperative Beperk were amalgamating. In a joint
statement, the chairman of Vleissentraal, Mr Flip du Toit and the chairman of
BKB, Commandant Piet Marais, said the agreement provided for Vleissentraal to
take over the livestock agencies of BKB in controlled markets. The BKB agen-
cies will still be registered separately from those of Vleissentraal and will
operate as Vleissentraal trading as BKB Agencies. The two livestock co-oper—
atives have a joint turnover of R1,5-million and their agreement would come
into effect early next year, the statement said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 14 Dec 82 p 11]

LEYLAND REACHES AGREEMENT--LEYLAND South Africa has concluded a recognition
agreement with a Fosatu affiliate, the National Automobile and Allied Work-
ers' Union with a minimum wage rate of R2 per hour to be effected from next
January. In a joint statement to The SOWETAN the two parties confirmed that
a comprehensive recognition and procedure agreement had been finalised and
would be signed shortly. Wages of hundreds of workers in the industry were
increased by 24 per cent on the lowest grade and 20 cents across the board in
all other grades. "The main agreement, which incorporates the standard con-
ditions of service, will be reviewed on an annual basis and the recognition
will be a permanent document. These documents replace the existing single
agreement which had been developed on an ad hoc basis over many years and

the recognition agreement incorporates many changes," according to the state-
ment. This, the statement continues, includes union recognition, access,
representation, shop steward committees, negotiation and grievance procedure
and training and redundancy policy. The union and the company have confirmed
that the negotiations, which had been conducted over the past two months,

had been concluded in a spirit of co-operation from both sides. [Text] [Jo-
hannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Dec 82 p 4]

CHALLENGE FOR UCT--THE Rector of the Peninsula Technikon, Mr Franklin Sonn,
says the University of Cape Town is faced with the challenge to overcome the



MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

82 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PROJECTS--Eighty-two (82) projects requiring investment
capital on the order ot 510 million rupees have been submitted to the Chamber
of Commerce and Industry (CCI) by the members of that institution, as well as
by private entrepreneurs. The submission of these projects followed the appeal
issued by the Chamber after the minister of finance asked it to prepare a list
of projects that could be funded by a 1- or 2-billion rupee loan, which will be
negotiated by the government.[Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French

25 Nov 82 p 1] 12149

4 PERCENT PRICE RISE--A 4-percent rise in the prices of taxable products is to
be anticipated with the introduction of the sales tax next January. It is es-
timated that this fiscal measure will increase the cost of living by 2 to 3
percent. This is what was stated by Mr Cox, International Monetary Fund (IMF)
expert, attached to the Sales Tax department, at a meeting with the trades
union centrals yesterday morning at the government house. [Excerpt] [Port Louis
LE MAURICIEN in French 25 Nov 82 p 1] 12149

UNION STRATEGY SESSION--Contrary to what had previously been hinted, the trades
unions are not disposed to accept without objection all the new measures
taken by the minister of finance. Indeed, all the union centrals are meeting
this afternoon at Mary, Queen of Peace Social Center to work out a joint stra-
tegy for facing these measures. [Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French
24 Nov 82 p 1] 12149

POSSIBLE GASOLINE PRICE CUT--Two opinion trends are becoming clear today within
the government concerning the possibility of a gasoline price cut: the first
favors a cut at all costs, and the second believes that instead of granting an
insignificant cut, the government ought to use the money to create a stabiliza—
tion fund to cope with any unexpected future rise. [Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAU-
RICIEN in French 24 Nov 82 p 1] 12149 ow

SUGAR PRODUCTION FIGURES--Last 13 November, sugar production reached 639,964
tons, while the tonnage of sugar cane crushed was 6,100,004 tons. The perform-
ance achieved by the Mon Desert Alma, Savannah, and Union Companies during the
week of 6-13 November is not included in these figures. [Excerpt] [Port Louis
LE MAURICIEN in French 23 Nov 82 p 1 ] 12149

27



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

PAC-ANC UNITY SOUGHT--THE Pan African Congress of South Africa wants unity
with the ANC to form a strong force to fight South Africa. The PAC publicity
secretary, Cde Edwoin Makoti, said in Harare at the weekend that the organisa-
tion did not believe that it was capable of defeating South Africa alone.
“However, it takes two to unite. The ANC accepts in principle the concept of
unity but believes that any form of unity must be under their conditions."
Several talks had been held between the two organisations at the initiative of
the OAU, with little progress. Cde Makoti, who is based in Dar es Salaam, is
in Harare to attend a SADCC meeting on what governments and their mass media
could do to counter the propaganda from South AFrica. The meeting begins
today. The PAC had intensified its struggle against South Africa by identi-
fying people within the country to take on the revolution. The oirganisa-
tion's trained cadres had gone back into the country to train the people to
fight from wtihin. "The PAC is essentially based in South Africa and Dar es
Salaam is the external mission, whose specific task is to mobilise world pub-
lic opinion and raise funds for waging the struggle." Cde Makoti said the
people within the country were more politically conscious and had made up
their minds for change and the racist regime was now only buying time.

[Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Dec 82 p 1]

CSO: 3400/466



. MOZAMBIQUE

ACTION AGAINST BANDITS
EA021932 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0605 GMT 2 Jan 83

[Text] We are stronger and firmer than the armed gangsters because the
people are behind us. That was said by Major (Escova) of the Tete Miliary
Base in an interview with our reporters. Detailing the plans that the armed
gangs expected to implement in Tete Province, Major (Escova) told our report-
ers: We learned that armed gangs had planned to set up their hideouts in
Tete Province in order to control movements on the Zambezi River and to
carry out acts of sabotage on roads (?from) and to Tete Township.

In reply, and in conjunction with party structures and mass organizations,
we immediately mobilized members of the public in connection with the need
to increase vigilance so-that we could always be informed about the movements
of armed gangs and then fight them in order to prevent them setting up their
hideouts.

Major (Escova) went on to say that the bandits, bent on setting up their hide-
outs, gathered at (Mujiku) and (Kudezi) where we destroyed them completely.

In the fighting we killed 31, captured 2 alive and recovered many goods taken
by force from members of the public. Following these actions, a number of
bandits gave themselves up to our forces.

cso: 3442/90

42



cso:

3400/470

cluded the participation of Guinea, was
one of these early organisations. In the
early ’70s, because of political differences,”
the Guinea of Ahmed Sekou Touré with-
drew its support.

‘The various studies and reports made on
the subject lead to the following hopeful
conclusions: as well as producing electricity
and opening up Mali and the eastern
regions of Senegal, the projects will irri-
gate 400,000 hectares on which two crops
can be grown per year. This would mean,
over 40 years, more than three million
tonnes of cereals.

These are optimistic predictions, and
they have attracted numerous critical re-
sponses. The first, and most oft-cited
criticism is that the size of the scheme is too
vast. Would it not be better, some ask, to
settle for just one dam, instead of two vast
projects?

France, for example, has lobbied for_
concentration on the Diama project,
which, with its anti-saline barrage and
retention facilities could irrigate over
40,000 hectares of land. The West Ger-
mans, on the other. hand, have been
pressing the case of Manatali. But this
extra-African competition aside, couldn't

“the OMVS economise and settle for just

one dam, whichever it was?

In the longer term, what will the effects
of such dams be on the social structures of
the valleys? There are many dangers for
local traditions. For example mechanised
agriculture might turn agricultural small-
holders into a new type of proletariat class
with the disadvantages such a social posi-
tion brings without the advantages of
self-sufficiency. Another problem is that
the creation of vast swamp areas may lead
to an increase in the risk of bilharzia.



MOZAMBIQUE

SATISFACTORY VISIT BY PORTUGUESE TRADE OFFICIAL
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 29 Nov 82 p 8

[Text] "More than trade my mission to Maputo was to study with the Mozambicans
the creation of conditions for making possible future trade between Portugal
and Mozambique. This trip was very productive. As far as the rest is concern-
ed, the plans for understanding between the two countries are increasingly
consistent."

This was the statement made to NOTICIAS by the chairman of the Foreign Trade
Institute of Portugal (ICEP), Leite Araujo, shortly after his return to Lisbon
on Saturday after a few days in our country.

The ICEP chairman came from Portugal with the main points on the agenda for
negotiations with government officials of our country. The first of these
points concerns the creation of a joint enterprise to market Mozambican and
Portuguese products on markets under the influence of each one of the countries
(Mozambique for southern Africa and Portugal for Western Europe).

The second point concerns Mozambican importation of food and other consumer
products in which Portugal should participate with a subsidy of 60,000 contos
to improve the conditions of the transaction totalling almost 800,000 contos.

With this, Mozambique will purchase canned meat, sardines, tuna, tomato concen-
trates and other canned goods, wine, clothing and such pharmaceutical products
as vaccines and medicines.

About the talks in Maputo, the chairman of the Foreign Trade Institute of Por-
tugal told NOTICIAS that they were "very satisfactory."

"We made progress in defining the type of enterprise and firms in which the
joint organization should take part. We also made progress in determining
which Portuguese and Mozambican products are to be marketed on markets under
the influence of Portugal and Mozambique," said Leite Araujo.

As to the schedule for the creation of the organization,-the ICEP chairman was
cautious. "It is a delicate negotiation. Neither Portugal nor Mozambique can
go forward without evaluating mutual advantages," said Leite Araujo. In 1983
it will be possible to consider "intermediate solutions," and after the results
are evaluated to consider the start of the joint enterprise.

36



CAMEROON

SOVIET SOCCER TEAM VISITS, OTHER SOVIET CONTACTS MENTIONED
Yaounde CAMEROON TRIBUNE in French 1 Dec 82 p 8

[Article by Mvola Bita: "Soccer: Soviet Nistru Team In Cameroon Today For
Three Friendly Matches"]

[Text] A Soviet team, the Kichinev Nistru, is expected in Douala today. The
Soviet Moldavian team is visiting us on a soccer tour. On their visit to our
country, the Soviet soccer players will have a busy schedule. In addition
to their three matches against the North team and the Indomitable Lions, our
Soviet guests will have an opportunity for excursions to discover the towns
they visit. After their arrival tonight, the Soviets will spend one night
in Douala. On Thursday, they will then fly to Garoua to play their first
match on Cameroonian soil against the North team on 3 December. On 4 December,
our guests will be back in Douala and, on 5 December, they will play their
second match, this time against an Indomitable Lions team. The third match
of the Soviet soccer players will again be against the Indomitable Lions,
but this time in Yaounde on 7 December 1982. After this third and last
friendly encounter between Soviet and Cameroonian soccer players, our guests
will continue their visit to Cameroon; they will leave only on 9 December.

The Kichinev Nistru soccer, like Soviet soccer in general, is blossoming.

It is a modern soccer, as could be seen at the last World Soccer Championship
where the Soviets made a name for themselves against great South-American and
European formations. Although not much is known about the team, we can al-
ready say that, according to our information, Nistru is a great team. It is
served by some of the greatest Soviet soccer players: Gregori Batitch, the
team striker, Guennadi Tegletsoy, Igor Karas, Youri Khlopotnov and Igor
Mossora, all field players. In this list, we should also include the goal-
keeper, Vladimir Kurotchikine, famous for his assurance in the goal.

This is not the first time that our soccer players encounter Soviet players.
Already in 1975, Zaria, a prestigious Soviet soccer team, had made a tour

in Cameroon. Zaria did not go unnoticed. Quite to the contrary, it made a
strong impression on the Cameroonian public who is not about to forget its
excellent geometrical.combinations. In 1979, there was the Kolkozchu. Con-
tacts with the Soviet Union are not restricted to soccer. They are expanding
to include other sports. This is evidenced by the quite recent visit to
Cameroon of a Soviet MVTU [expansion unknown] volley~ball team.

15



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

FAPLA READY TO DEFEND NATION--The Angolan minister of defense, Col Maria
Tonha Pedale, is currently.in the Angolan province of Benguela on a working
visit during which he is expected to discuss problems concerning the opening
of the military region in the province. Speaking at a rally on arrival, Col
Maria Tonha Pedale commented on the current political and military situation
in the People's Republic of Angola, which is characterized by the presence
of racist South African troops in the Angolan province of Cunene and the
regime's constant violation of the Angolan air space, especially in the pro-
vince of Namibe. The Angolan minister of defense affirmed that despite the
difficult situation facing the Angolan territory, the Angolan gallant fight-
ers, FAPLA, are prepared.to defend the territorial integrity of the People's
Republic of Angola. [Text] [AB301210 Luanda Domestic Service in English
1130 GMT 30 Dec 82]

cso: 3400/543

“10



Briefs

SWAZILAND

More Robben Island Prisoners Remitted
Limited Freedom for Mkatshwa

Honor for Wentges

Khutala Power Station

Food Allowance

Matanzima's In-Law Warned
Livestock Giants Amalgamate
Leyland Reaches Agreement

Challenge for UCT

Black Education Slammed

Datsun Workers Rampage
Dikwankwetla Party Conference

SCA Conference

Attack on Racists

Pac Trial Date Set

Fuel Agreement With Zimbabwe Denied

'Observer's' Plan To Become Daily Reported
(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 16 Dec 82) .scscccvscccsccvecceeeee

First Swazi Royal Guard Battalion Graduates

(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 11 Dec 82) ..scececeecececeececeees

Nsibandze Explains Dual System of Government

Students Owe Government Millions for Study Loans

(Nonceba Gumede; THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 4 Dec 82)

(Mashumi Twala; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 2 Dec 82) ....seeeee

Leibrandt Slams Low Productivity
(Mashumi Twala; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 2 Dec 82) .....eeeee

Briefs

ZAIRE

Briefs

ZIMBABWE

Ngwempisis Bridge Completed
Ministries' Phones Cut

Soviet Minister Gromyko Message
Message to USSR's Andropov

Editorial Notes Nation's Economic Situation

(Editorial; THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 Dec

Recession Causes NRZ To Lose Millions
(THE HERALD, 4 Dec 82) ceseceececccceecencerceneenseesences

82) weceeeeee

86

87

88

90

91

93

93

94

95

97



registered except ours. We are not a 'clique' as alleged by Cde Njekesa and
our union is not sponsored by any company. We want Cde Njekesa to prove

that he is the leader of the civil engineering workers. Our union was formed
in July this year, but Cde Njekesa's was only formed’ two months ago," said Cde
Ruwende. The ZCTU could not be contacted for comment yesterday. [Text] [Har-
are THE HERALD in English 6 Dec 82 p 7]

SUNFLOWER SEEDS--GWERU--IMPORTED high-quality sunflower seed is now available,
the Minister of Agriculture, Senator Denis Norman, said this week. The seed
was being put into small containers by the Grain Marketing Board, the distrib-
uting agency. The ministry was working out sunflowers' producer price, to be
determined by weight and oil content. The crop was made a controlled product
this year, which means the producer price would be guaranteed by the Govern-
ment. "It will be profitable and less risky to grow sunflowers," said Senator
Norman at meetings with Agritex staff in Gweru, Kwekwe and Chivhu. Answering
questions in Gweru, he said efforts were being made to revive concessionary
loans from the Treasury for setting up irrigation schemes and stock watering
facilities. The loans would be repayable over 10 years. Last year's drought
had proved there was a strong case for improving water supply countrywide, he
said. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Dec 82 Pp 7)

POPULATION PROBLEMS--PUPILS at Dzivaresekwa High School were urged yesterday
to take into account the rising population in Zimbabwe when learning about
environment and the country's resources, Speaking at a ceremony to mark this
year's Tree Day, the Minister of Natural Resources and Tourism, Cde Victoria
Chitepo, said that at the present rate of population growth, Zimbabwe would
have 14 million inhabitants by the year 2000. “About a third of the world's
people, including 90 percent of the developing countries, rely on wood for
heating and cooking. As our population increases the demand for wood increas-
es disproportionately," she said. "Our activities should not be allowed to
reduce the Earth's capacity to support life, particularly at this time, when
rising human numbers and consumption are making increasingly heavy demands on
it. The combined destructive impacts of a poor majority struggling to stay
alive and an affluent minority consuming most of the resources are undermin-
ing the very means by which all people can survive and flourish." Cde Chitepo
congratulated the school for being the first to establish a woodlot and re-
minded pupils that they should not only plant the trees, but care for them
while they grew. They should also protect the natural woodlands that are
left, she said. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Dec 82 p 7]

BORDER POSTS AT RISK--HARARE--Zimbabwe railway border posts need tight secur-
ity as they are vulnerable to sabotage, says a report of the committee of in-
quiry into the grievances of railway employees. "The committee feels strongly
that NRZ border posts are so vulnerable to sabotage that tight security must
be provided. Security at these Posts and other railway centres must be pro-
vided by NRZ personnel," the report says. The committee visited Beit Bridge
and reported insufficient security there and at all other border posts. The
entire NRZ security branch needed restructuring and there seemed to be a com-
plete breakdown in communication between the White-domimated hierarchy and
Black-dominated lower ranks, the report said. There also appeared to be a
general "go slow" attitude. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

15 Dec 82 p 10]

CSO: 3400/462 END
106

rr


"YEAR OF POLITICAL CHANGE' NOTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Dec 82 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

UrSbeen the Year of Political Change.

¢ year when the National Party finally split.

{The year when reform ceased to,be. an ideal
“and the start of the process of. change began.

The year of PW Botha.

Be may not.be the most popular. of Prime Mi-
nisters, but-he has acted with the skill of an

‘ astute and highly experienced politician.

,Ridding the party of its conservative stone-

| wallers, Dr Treurnicht and his breakaway

i group of Nationalists.

} Cornering the Official Opposition, the PFP, so
» that it does not know how to get out of the

: trapin which it finds itself.

¢Making the New Republic Party virtually his

i ally.

“And changing, irreversibly, the face of the

country’s politics.

In restrospect, one can sée that his opponents

},in the party and his critics outside it badly

» under-estimated his political clout and detér-

¢. mination.

‘Thei Freurnicht-group had been blocking, ‘his
‘ efforts to bring about change.

There had been Craven Week and other rows:

It looked as if Mr Botha was unable to handle

’ his party opponents except at the risk of a

and for Afrikanerdom genegally.
' But Mr Botha, with his huge: majority in Pat-
\: liament, judged he could-afford a split if he
.. could keep it from becoming too large.
drove Dr ‘Tfeurnicht. and Co out of the
by. thé simple expedient of. falking
about “healthy power sharing.”
“Power: sharing” was a Progressive Federal
Partyslogan..
{That a Nationalist Prime Minister used’ ‘the
; Phrase,even in.a “healthy” context,was a red

65

split that would be disastrous for the Party,

«rag to the conservative bull: “~
iOaty: 16-walked out ily, an among them two
Ministers, Dr Treurnicht and-Dr. Ferdi Hart-
_ zenberg.
‘or some time, it looked as if quite a few more.
Nationalist MPs might cross the ‘floor to the
newly-formed Conservative Party; but only
piwo more did so.-
otha had stemmed the defections. =
jHe consolidated his party behind him. “

' He went boldly to a federal congress, followed
} by. provincial party congresses, to put his
+ plan for reform to the Nationalists.

5 Only a handful expressed their opposition.
‘It was a triumph for Mr Botha. -
‘But:there were moments when-the party must
have wondered about its future.
At Germiston, District, the NP was outvoted:
, by.the Conservative Party and the Herstigte
{:.Nasionale Party combined.
jStellenbosch was a great, and“expectéd, usuc-.
i ._ cess for'the NP: in an intellechtal. stronghold
‘Afrikanerdom. In Parys, however, the
y why ‘exceeded the combined Right wing
total; in Bothaville the combined Right- wing
outvoted the NP substantially. -
‘The NP, however, won the.mini-election, and
though ‘the fires of Right-wing revolt had not
, been. extinguished, the Prime Minister could
be satisfied with the outcome =:
And-as the year closed, it Became clear that
“the NP was recovering from the split and had.
, tegained its confidence. * ~'~
PNevertheless,. thinking Nationalists do not
under-estimate the challenge from the Right:
_ Jt is there that the heart of traditional Afrika-
om beats. It is there.that-White sover-
+ eignty, Separate develc ‘apartheid and
t Wit baasskap, call it what. you'will; have be-



CHAD

SONASUT OFFICIAL NOTES COMPANY'S PRODUCTION PLANS
Ndjamana INFO TCHAD in French 20 Nov 82 pp 6, 7

[Text] In theory, the Banda sugar harvest will begin between 22 and 23 November.
On the eve of this event, the press met with the director of operations, Mr
Angebault. Initially scheduled for 16 November, the harvest could not begin

on the date indicated. There is a reason for this slight delay. Some

equipment which is absolutely essential in getting the harvest under way has

not yet arrived. It is said to be in Bangui still. However, this is not
hinderingcprogress at all. At the moment, everything is ready aside from the
equipment that SONASUT [National Sugar Company of Chad] is expecting, the
director of operations tells us.

All the agricultural work has been done. The crops have reached maturity.

All the anticipated changes have been made. This year SONASUT plans to harvest
3,060 hectares of cane as compared to 2,982 last year. Production will amount
to approximately 21,000 metric tons of sugar as compared to 18,467 last year.
Production has been increasing every year for 3 years now.

In 1980-1981, SONASUT produced 12,000 metric tons; in 1981-1982, 183467t-tons

and this year, 21,000 tons. At this rate, 2 or 3 years from how it will

produce 28,000 metric tons. Although theoretically the company has the monopoly
over sugar distribution for the whole country, at present it does not possess
this monopoly. One reason for this is that the situation in the country for
close to 4 years now has not permitted it and also some markets such as Bousso,
Moundou and Ndjamena are flooded with tons of sugar from other sources, something
which is not likely to preserve SONASUT's market. Questioned on marketing

C hadian sugar abroad, the director of operations, Mr Angebaut, stated that

it will not be possible to do this until there is an excess of production, in
other words when all of the sugar cannot be sold here. In touching on the
problem of training the company's national executives, the director indicated
that they are hired locally. Then they have to undergo a test period. So,

they are trained locally and possibly sent to sister companies with activities
similar to SONASUT's.

9693
csO: 3419|307

20



Next, communiques are issued in capitalist Europe, especially Lisbon, and
these are assured space in the columns of a "certain press," claiming to be
the defender of "Christian civilization." Three or four groups glorify new
victories at a time, claiming to be undertaking "great combat actions" in
which the victims are really peaceful unarmed people.

According to news just reaching us from Kuito, a civilian vehicle belonging

to the perish of the Catholic church in the capital of Bie Province has been
attacked near Chinguar. The vehicle was hit by an American "M-65" missile.

Two nuns died on the spot while a third nun and a sacristan were dragged to-
wards the forest.

The foreign press has already published this piece of news. It was, as one
can judge from the releases published all over the world, "yet another victor-
ious action" by one of the armed wings of racist South Africa. And new com-
muniques were hastily issued from a few European capitals where the lackeys
and the Angolan traitors have found asylum and are protected by an unknown
statute. .

In Angola, everyone is free to choose his religion or to practice no religion.
We have freedom of conscience. The religious institutions enjoy total freedom
to carry out their activities provided that they do not constitute any attempt
against our own interests as a free and sovereign people.

Religious congregations do not suffer any persecution. None of them enjoys
certain privileges over others.

All of them enjoy equal consideration. They all enjoy the same freedom of
action. They are free. They are free because they are in a free country, a
country where the people succeeded in freeing themselves.

The deadly anger of the enemies of our people falls upon all that can reflect
freedom, upon all that represents the gain of our struggle for freedom. That
is why any free church, freed itself from all commitments to the fascist
colonial past, is bound to be attacked by our enemies, the true servants of
the evil system of "apartheid."

csO: 3419/379



GUINEA-BISSAU

BRIEF

SEA BOUNDARY AGREEMENT--Bissau, 30 Dec (AFP)--Guinea and Guinea-Bissau have
signed a trade protocol and a document on the demarcation of their sea
boundary, according to a communique published at the end of Guinea Prime
Minister Lansana Beavogui's visit to Bissau. The trade protocol provides,
among other things, for the exchange of goods between the two countries.

The two countries also decided to submit their dispute over their sea
boundary to arbitration by an appropriate authority, accepted by both parties,
which will interpret the 12 May 1886 convention. That convention is on the
demarcation of the sea and land boundary between the two countries. [Text]
[4B301355 Paris AFP in French 1222 GMT 30 Dec 82]

TOUR TO VISIT--Bissau, Dec 28 (AFP)--Prime Minister Lansana Beavogui of
Guinea-Conakry, who arrived here on an official visit yesterday, said today
that his head of state Ahmed Sekou Toure would shortly come and discuss a
dispute over territorial waters. Mr Beagovui, who made the announcement
yesterday after meeting Guinea-Bissau President Joao Bernardo Vieira, said
Sekou Toure was also expected to discuss bilateral economic cooperation,
which has been the subject of meetings of delegations of the two states’
Foreign Ministries. The visiting prime minister, who yesterday also had talks
with his Bissau counterpart Victor Saude Maria, was to visit Bagu and Bafata
in the east of the country today. [passage indistinct] [Text] [AB281344
Paris AFP in English 1304 GMT 28 Dec 82]

CSO; 3400/543

25



ZAIRE

BRIEFS

SOVIET MINISTER GROMYKO MESSAGE--State Commissioner for Foreign Affairs and
International Cooperation Kamanda wa Kamanda received successively in
audience yesterday the Soviet, Austrian, Burundian and Cuban ambassadors

to Zaire. The Soviet ambassador, Ivan Marchuk, delivered to Kamanda wa
Kamanda a message from Soviet Foreign Affairs Minister Andrey Gromyko.

He also took advantage of the occasion to present to the state commissioner
a copy of the documents adopted in Moscow on the occasion of the 60th
anniversary of the USSR. [Excerpt] [AB290922 Kinshasa Domestic Service

in French 0600 GMT 29 Dec 82]

MESSAGE TO USSR'S ANDROPOV--[President Mobutu Sese Seko's 21 December con-
gratulatory message to Secretary General of the CPSU Yuriy Vladimirovich
Andropov on the occasion of the USSR's 60th anniversary] Mr Secretary
General: In these days when the friendly Soviet people are celebrating
the 60th amiversary of the founding of their republic, I have a real
pleasure to address to you on behalf of the Zairian people and its party,
united within the MPR [Popular Movement of the Revolution],, and on my own
behalf my very heartfelt and warm congratulations. On this happy occasion
permit me, Your Excellency, to express my wishes of happiness to you and
to the entire friendly Soviet people. I remain confident that the atmos—
phere of entente and mutual understanding existing between our two countries
will contribute further to the strengthening of the excellent relations of
friendly cooperation in the future interest of our respective peoples.
Highest regards. [Text] [AB212124 Kinshasa Domestic Service in French
1800 GMT 21 Dec 82]

cso: 3419/339

94



FIRST SWAZI ROYAL GUARD BATTALION GRADUATES

Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 11 Dec 82 p 1

[Text]

(THE duty of the
Swaziland Royal Guards
iwas to ensure that Her
(Majesty, The Queen
‘Mother and all that sup-
ported her was protected
so that’all the country’s
‘residents .could enjoy
“peace and pen
the Minister for Home
Affairs, Prince Gabheni
‘said yesterday.

Prince Gabheni was
speaking at a passing-out
;Parade of the first train-

Sed group, of Swaziland
juards at the
Me a Royal Guards
[Barracks yesterday mor-
ning where he deputised
‘for The Authorised Per-
yson, Prince Sozisa.

| He said a monarch
Swas the pride and
jtreasure of any country
jinsthe world.
Swaziland. owes the

ene and stability that
s enjoyed by ail the

CSO: 3400/507

citizens of this country
to the monarchical
system of Government
we practice,” he stated.
He added, “without a
monarch and the system
of Government we
chave,chaos and power
struggle’ would be the
order of the day.””

Prince , Gabheni
reminded the newly
formed Battalion that
their primary task was to
sensure that Royal

Tresidences remain as safe
as possible at all times.

Comending the British

| Government’s assistance
{in training the ‘Swazi na-
Stionals in this field,

Prince_Gabheni said it
twas fitting that . the

: British had to join hands
with Swaziland since the
/Swazis helped them dur-
ing the past two world

bwars. .

' Earlier; the Chairman
of the Umbutfo
sSwaziland Defence
“Force, Mr A. K-
<Hlophe, disclosed that
‘the Swaziland Royal
Gyard Battalion was
lanched by the Late His
Majesty, King. Sobhuza
the Second after con-

‘sultations with the

“how this:country’s army
machinery could be
organised as effectively
as possible.

The ceremony was.at-
tended ‘by members of
the Supreme Council of
State, Ligogo, Cabinet
‘Ministers, the . British
High joner in
\ Swaziland, Mr Desmond
‘Kerr, army and police
‘officials.

87

SWAZILAND



ANGOLA

DEFENSE MINISTER ISSUES NEW YEAR MESSAGE
£A031810 Launda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 3 Jan 83

(Text) The perfection of battle readiness and the strengthening of political
work will be the main task of the Angolan armed forces in 1983 in order to en-
able them to deal new, decisive blows to the. invading enemy. That was con-
tained in a new year message addressed to officers, NCO's, soldiers and
sailors by our government's defense minister, Col: Pedro Maria Tonha Pedale.

The year 1982 was marked in the military field by the continuation of the oc~
cupation of a large part of Cunene Province by racist forces and an increase in
the number of infiltrations by puppet gangsters armed by Pretoria who cross
over into Cuando Cubango and Cunene Provinces where they sow death, misery

and famine among the defenseless population, the defense minister's message
pointed out.

The message added that our country continues to be the main target of imper-
ialist attacks in southern Africa because of its independence and because of
its wish to build, under the leadership of the MPLA-Labor Party, a truly free
fatherland where an Angolan man can build his own future and a socialist
society.

The bravery and fighting ability of the 11th and 16th Infantry Brigades, which
during the months of July and December tenaciously repulsed infiltration at-
tempts by the racist Pretoria forces in the area of Cuvelai and by UNITA
puppets in Cuando Cubango, were also underlined in the message from the de-
fense minister.

The message pointed out that the enemy has suffered heavy casualties—-300
killed and 67 taken prisoner. A large quantity of war material has also been
captured,

Colonel Pedale urged all those defending territorial integrity to follow the
brave example of the fighters of the aforementioned formations so that imper-
ialist forces can once and for all be swept out of the Angolan fatherland.

The message ended by reaffirming to the commander in chief, Comrade President
Jose Eduardo dos Santos, the full commitment of the Angolan forces to defend the
fatherland and build a socialist society, and it supported the special powers
conferred upon him by the party central committee during its recent plenary
meeting. The message also assured the president that the armed forces will
answer any call made on them.

CSO; 3442/90



SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

NGWEMPISIS BRIDGE COMPLETED--THE new bridge spanning the Ngwempisis River on
Mankayane, Nhlangano road will be opened before the end of the year, sources
at the Ministry of Works, Power and Communications said. Workers have taken
a long time to complete the bridge the early construction of which had been
welcomed by all road users, both local and foreign as the old bridge had be-
come a potential hazard to them. The sources attributed the delay of the
completion of the bridge to an overload of work on a single construction
group which had two other bridges to construct in Swaziland. They said that
the group had since completed the other bridges, thus coming back to the
Ngwempisi one. But, it remains a mistery as to what criteria had been used
in determining the priority of the bridge construction, as the Mankayane road
has been, for a long time, one of Swaziland's greatest foreign exchange earn-
ers, as it was used by trucks importing and exporting raw materials and fin-
ished products in and out of the Kingdom. [Excerpts] [Mbabane THE SWAZI
OBSERVER in English 4 Dec 82 p 1]

MINISTRIES' PHONES CUT--A number of government ministries had their tele-
phone lines suspended last week because they had not paid their accounts.
According to a spokesman from the Department of Posts and Telecommunica-
tions, the ministries were behind in their payments. [Text] [Mbabane
THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 16 Dec 82 p 5]

CsO: 3400/507

93


ZIMBABWE

INCREASED ALIENATION OF WHITES NOTED
Paris LE MONDE in French 30 Nov 82 p 7

[Article by Jean-Pierre Langellier: "Zimbabwe--Wavering Between Departure
and 'Domestic Exile': The 170,000 Whites Feel Increasingly Excluded From
Politics"]

[Text] An incident last week involving Rhodesia's former
prime minister, Mr Ian Smith, heightened the anxieties
of Zimbabwe's white community. Mr Smith and 15 other
whites were interrogated for several hours by the police
when they had gotten together at an artistic event.
Furthermore, Zimbabwe's pro-government press is accusing
Mr Smith of having made some highly critical remarks
about Mr Mugabe during the former's recent visit to the
United States, which Smith denies. Moreover, the trial
of six white officers accused of sabotage began last
Thursday in Harare.

Harare--A hearing room with bare walls. The presiding judge with his wig and
ermine robe--a black--is taking notes while listening to the prosecutor.
Beside him sit two white assessors. Another European of about sixty and with
greying hair is in the dock, and he strains to listen before responding to
the judge, "I plead not guilty, Your Honor."

This scene was taking place the other week before the High Court of Harare,

the entire audience being a handful of journalists and a comparable number of
soldiers in uniform. Mr Wally Stuttaford, a deputy belonging to the Republican
Front (RF) led by former prime minister Ian Smith, was appearing before his
judges. Accused of conspiracy, he was acquitted three days later for lack of
evidence. The prosecution's key witness declared that testimony had been
extorted from him under torture. Just as the member of Parliament was about
to leave the court, he was arrested again by order of Mr Ushewokunze, minister
of home affairs. Six hours later he was free again, this time for good.

He had just spent 10 months in prison.

98



SENEGAL

CCCE CREDIT TO SOFISEDIT
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 24 Nov 82 p 3
[Article by Pierre Biarnes: "Sixty million from the French Treasury" ]

[fext] The general manager of the Central Treasury for Economic Cooperation
has decided to grant a loan for Fr 1.2 million i.e., Fr CFA 60 million to
SOFISEDIT [Senegalese Financial Company for the Development of Industry and
Tourism] to enable it to make a loan for the same amount to the Dakar Rail-
road Workshops Company, as partial financing for its planned freight car
maintenance and construction factory.

The Promotion and Participation in Cooperation Company (PROPARCO), a sub-
sidiary of the Central Treasury, whose task is to foster small and medium
enterprise, decided for their part to provide some of AFD's [Dakar Rail-
road Workshops] capital, up to FR CFA 18.5 million, representing 20.55
percent of the company's capital.

The Dakar Railroad Workshops Company was established to take care of the
maintenance of freight cars built for transporting the sulphur and phos-
phoric acid of the Chemical Industries of Senegal (ICS) as well as of the
frieght cars of the Taiba Senegalese Phosphate Company (CSPT). ‘The company
will take over the present plant of the African Transport Company (CAT) and
will develop it with a view to ensuring not only the maintenance of the cars
but their assembly also and, eventually, their construction.

The Central Treasury loan was made to SOFISEDIT for a period of 10 years

with a 4 year amortization deferral. The rate of interest is 4 percent per
year.

9824
CsO: 3419/278

61



AWB SETS UP RELIEF FUND FOR ITS DETAINED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Dec 82 p 2

[Article by Dan Marais]

[Text]

cso:

THE acting. leader of
Hthe Afrikaner’ “Weer-
fstandsbeweging, Mr.

‘Barnie-Basson, said in.

| Pretoria’
We. will
F | gatdless.””

|” Mr Basson was elected”

‘acting leader of the AWB
fat a special session of the
{general council on Mon-
day evening after the de-
Ptention of the leader, Mr
Eugene Terre’Blanche at
his Ventersdorp farm last
Lweek.
| "He said the meeting
bhad been held in secret
t and he was ‘riot prepared
© todivalge the venue.
{> Mr Basson also said the
‘general secretary of the
“AWB, Mr Jan’ Groene-
{wala had ‘been detained
toy ‘members of the Secur-
lity Branch ‘at the AWB
loffices in Church Street
ton Monday -at about 7
m,. sometime bef
[Peters diese.

Speaking of
yof Mr Terte’E ar and

|AWB, Mr Basson said he
[was shocked! Té a8 com
E ‘pletely out of character
‘for Mr Terre’Blanche or
keany other member of the
AWB, to advocate armed

«resistance against t the es”

/ tablished.order.

3400/461

67

2° At all his public lec-
i tures,’ Mr_ Terre’Blarice
‘had always pleaded for
i rms along constitu;

= tional lines," ‘Mr Basson
» said,
Ina Press 5 statement re-

« Jeased earlier, Mr Basson

“reiterated that the AWB
‘rejected any ‘fom of
(mixed -government’ but
would never tolerate arm-
ed resistance against any
government.

Mr, Basson deplored
Bebe actions of one, or
mores supporters of the

AWB: who. could haye
) brought the, whole organi:

‘sation in disrepiite”

} through their alleged irre-

| sponsible behaviour. . "~~

He said the AWB lived

| from day-to-day as it did

t not know what the future
| hadin store for it.

Meanwhile thé organi-

{ sation had sought legal

| advice in an effort to con-

* tact members still in cus-

tody.
A relief fund had also

. been set.up to help mem-
} bers of detainées' families
} who might be without
' breadwinners for an in-
© definite period.
Mr Basson said the
legal defence of the detai-
: nees could be extremely
! expensive,

SOUTH AFRICA



Namibians, about 30 opponents of the Lesotho dictatorship, and several dozen
exiles from the no less dictatorial Malawi. Beyond the tents, in small, solid
houses, there are about a hundred Zimbabweans. These are the last of the
20,000 who, in 1977, fled from Ian Smith's white Rhodesia. Despite Mr Mugabe's
victory, they wish to stay at Dukwe, a camp which is well run by the government,
the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the Lutheran Church.

The Afrikaner press in Pretoria calls Botswana the "Cuba of the Republic of
South Africa." When the country buys arms from Moscow, the South African min-
ister of defense, General Magnus Malan, denounces "the opening of a second
front (after Angola) against South Africa." “It is simply that the Soviets
offered us the best terms," replies President Masire. When the Soviet Embassy
increased its staff in Gaberone to about 30, the Afrikaner press saw the build-
up of "200 communists ready to organize an invasion of the Republic of South
Africa." But everyone realizes, like the American and Chinese diplomats, that
the capital of this country without political prisoners is the "best observa-
tion point in southern Africa." The government now refuses the scholarships
offered to young Botswanans for study in Moscow. "They come back full of the
works of Marx but lost to agriculture," ridicules a high official in the Min-
istry of Education.

Anti-South African feeling is developing rapidly among the youth of the three
large cities in the country (Gaberone, 100,000 inhabitants; Francistown, 35,000;
Selebi-Phikwe, 35,000). The political refugees of Soweto, some of whom have
become teachers here, are not foreigners. But it is Pretoria itself, with its
abuse, which, according to a journalist of the state radio, feeds animosities.
"If South Africa would stop flying over our territory without authorization,"
he said (these violations are constantly denounced by the president), if its
army stationed in the Namibian part of the Caprivi Strip were not so slack, if
its special agents did not carry off refugees from our country under our noses,
if these same secret police agents did not try to corrupt our officials, then
perhaps, although we would not be friends, relations between our two states
would be better." For these reasons, the conflict between the two regimes is
sharp.

In Gaberone, university circles, a large part of the political intelligentsia,
several high-ranking military officers, and certain foreign "friends" are urg-
ing the government to take a "harder" line toward Pretoria. Until now, Presi-
dent Quett Masire has been able to resist these appeals, which even in his own
party criticize the government's "tolerance" with respect to the South African
capitals and ask for a greater degree of africanization of the staffing of the
civil service and private business. While the president, who lacks his pre-
decessor's charisma, is widely respected, he is not an "African style" popular
chief. His relative moderation toward Pretoria, and the deterioration of the
situation, is one of his adversaries’ biggest advantages.

In September 1966, when the United Kingdom granted independence to the protec-
torate of Bechuanaland, no one would have bet a pound on the economic future
of this desert peopled by a few hundred thousand more or less nomadic small
peasants. But the gods were with what was soon to become Botswana. Under the
apparently dead earth there was a fabulous treasure of diamonds, copper, nickel
and coal. The country lost no time in leaving the group of the ten poorest
pariahs in the world.

12


ZIMBABWE

EDITORIAL NOTES NATION'S ECONOMIC SITUATION
MB301127 Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 Dec 82 page not given

[Editorial: "Honeymoon Is Over"]
ym

[Text] If there is one conclusion that can be drawn at the end of 1982, it
is that Zimbabwe's post-independence honeymoon is over.

The heady days of the political and social revolution, with its plans to
transform the nation into a socialist paradise, are slowly, but inexorably,
giving way to an awareness that Zimbabwe is a Third World, developing
country, and that the world is in the grips of the worst recession since
the 1930s.

Earlier this year it could be said that the private sector was feeling the
pinch, with rising costs, declining markets, and shrinking foreign-exchange
allocations. The serious situation into which the mining industry has been
forced by rising overheads and falling demand for its products was also
evident some time ago, and a complete collapse has been averted only by the
recent devaluation.

Now the economic facts of life have also been brought home to the people at
large, with an almost 50 percent increase in their basic foodstuff—an
obvious consequence of the distortions in price mechanisms caused by
unrealistic subsidies.

Thus, all Zimbabweans have been faced with the truth that speedy improvement
in their personal situation may not be met. For the people, the rate at
which the provision of schools, hospitals, and an infrastructure in the
rural areas to spur development are provided, will be slower, and self-help
will be called for.

For industrialists and manufacturers, the hopes for expanded activity and
a freer flow of foreign exchange are unlikely to be met in the short term.

The inhibitions that this situation will cause will increase the frustrations
and low morale which are evident at present.

Frustration at its inability to meet its promise to the electorate will also
be felt by the government, which, with only two years in office has not yet

95



CAMEROON

BRIEFS

MINERAL DEPOSITS--Yesterday, at the Chamber of Commerce, the governor of the
Centre-Sud province, Mr Gabriel Mouafo, opened the meeting of the provincial
development committee. Among other things, the governor disclosed that, under
the Fifth Plan, the following deposits would be mined: Kribi iron ore deposits,
Rocher-du~Loup white bauxite deposits, Yaounde and Nanga~Eboko clay and kaolin
deposits, Nanga-Eboko and Otele disthene deposits. [Text] [Yaounde CAMEROON
TRIBUNE in French 24 Nov 82 p 1] 9294

CSO: 3419/326

17



NIGERIA

HOLY WAR OF MUSLIMS
Paris LIBERATION in French 30-31 Oct 82 p 18
[Article by Pierre Haski: "The Holy War of Muslim Integrationists"]

[Text] The disturbances which opposed the Maitatsine
fathful to the Maiduguri police have already resulted in
more than 300 dead. The forces of law and order were
preparing on Friday to make an assault on the rioters'
headquarters. Religious disturbances continued on Friday
at Maiduguri, a large commercial center of northern Nigeria
with 250,000 inhabitants, near the Chadian and Cameroonian
border. According to a local radio station, the
disturbances have already resulted in more than 300
deaths since Tuesday. The Nigerian police encircled an
outlying district of Maiduguri in which the members of
the Muslim sect who organized the disturbances had
gathered. These disturbances had in fact broken out
following the police arrest of 16 preachers belonging

to the sect founded by the integrationist leader, Al
Hadji Muhammadu Marwa, called "Maitatsine," killed in
1980, during the bloody repression of similar distur-
bances in Kano, another large city in the north of the
country. According to the Nigerian press many of the
sect's faithful, imprisoned since 1980, have just been
released. The Nigerian government stated that there was
no question of bringing in the army against the rioters
as was done in 1980. As they did then, the authorities
denounced "Maitatsine" as a "heretic" who had declared
himself "Mahdi" i.e., "the last prophet" come into the
world to bring about the reign of the law of Allah in

its original purity. The “holy war" launched by
"Maitatsine's" followers nevertheless has its roots in
the history of North Nigeria, as our special correspondent
who recently visited Kano explained.

The same actions have been repeating themselves for centuries. The old man

with well trimmed beard plunges and replunges his cloth in a container
several hundred years old, filled with indigo dye. The cloth will soon go

46



LEIBRANDT SLAMS LOW PRODUCTIVITY

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 2 Dec 82 pp 1, 16

[Article Mashumi Twala]

[Text]

A TOTAL of 288 employ-
ees of the Ministry of
‘Works’ building section are
to be retrenched soon.
Minister for Works,
Power and Communications,
Dr. Victor —_Leibrandt
announced this yesterday.
And he warned: “There
will probably be further
retrenchments.” .
Dr. Leibrandt pointed out
that if the present situation in
productivity and inflation
continues to deteriorate,
more than 1,000 workers in
th} tion might have to be

Siu.

He said: “The situation
is bleak everywhere. In the
private construction sector,
for instance, more than 1,500
have already been retrenched
since the beginning of the
year.”

” He said the reason for this

_ said, the construction budget
‘for 1982 is only E12 million
+ compared to E17 million last
year and E22 million in 1978.
He said: “Considering the

91

Dr. ‘Leibrandt said
of funds
between
and 1978 is a
but pointed out: “
costs are
account, thie reduction
more

appear from these figures —

Hill
bfilere

i
i

| at 18 per cent escalation we

are now constructing 24 per
cent of what we built in 1978,
an actual reduction of 80 per
cent in our production.

He said the drop in
productivity has spread to all
sectors. of the nation,

particularly. in government
where there is a lack of
motivation.

SWAZILAND



NATIONALIZED TRANSPORTATION--The National Transport Corporation (CNT) is pro=
posing to take over the whole public transportation industry between now and
1986, to provide the public with an efficient service. The nationalization
will, however, take place in six consecutive phases, starting this year.
[Excerpt] [ Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 18 Nov 82 p 1] 12149

NAVIGATION SAFETY MEASURES--The government is presently studying a series of
measures with a view to anticipating and reducing the number of accidents at
sea. This task has been entrusted to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries,
and Natural Resources. Among these measures is featured the compulsory require-—
ment that all fishing vessels, including barges, be equipped with life-saving
-apparatus. [Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 19 Nov 82 p 1] 12149

BREAD SHORTAGE--Mauritians may be without bread this weekend if a meeting plan-
ned for 1300 hours today, between the minister of finance, Paul Berenger, his
commerce and industry counterpart Kader Bhayat, and the leaders of the Bakery
Owners' Union fails. The bakers are refusing to buy flour at the new price,
which is:25 sous per pound higher, unless the price of bread is raised. How-
ever, no new price has been suggested at this stage. [Excerpt] [Port Louis

LE MAURICIEN in French 19 Nov 82 p 1] 12149

PANA SIGNING--The deputy prime minister and minister of information, Harish
Boodhoo, is expecting soon to propose that the government sign the convention
concerning the establishment of a pan-African press agency, PANA (Pan African
News Agency). The previous government had not ratified the convention because
of the financial constraints connected with Mauritius' membership in this press
agency. [Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 19 Nov 82 p 4] 12149

cso: 3419/301

29



The country was governed, due to an insolent accident, by an unusual personal-
ity and a dedicated and intelligent vice-president who was to succeed him one
day. Mr Quett Masire and Sir Seretse Khama did wonders. Between 1969 and 1979,
the GNP was multiplied tenfold. From 1970 to 1978, real growth of the economy
was 13.2 per-cent per year, the fastest on the continent. The inhabitants were
soon 90 per cent literate and had a satisfactory health standard. A firm demo-
crat, Sir Seretse Khama regularly held general elections, which were won no
less regularly by his party, the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP). When the
illustrious chief died on 13 July 1980 it was a cold shower. As if by magic,
his disappearance sounded the knell of prosperity.

On international markets, the prices of minerals collapsed. As a last straw,
the rain refused to fall. In April 1982, President Masire had to appeal des-
perately for foreign aid. International organizations and several Western and
Arab countries answered his appeal, but the harm was done. The harvests of
sorghum and corn--basic foods for the rural population--decreased by three-
quarters. More than 250,000 heads of cattle (200,000 in 1981) were sent to
the slaughterhouse. Foreign earnings for meat (10 per cent of sales abroad)
increased, of course, but did not compensate for the lost earnings due to lack
of sales and low prices for diamonds.

Botswana, which had become the world's fourth largest producer, had to store
some of the 5 million carats mined in 1981 (twice as much is expected soon,

or as much as South Africa). The rest, sold by De Beers of South Africa, which
has a monopoly on the nation's production, was sold for 20 per cent less than
normal. As an almost immediate consequence, since diamonds account for 60 per
cent of exports, the balance of payments, which was in surplus from 1975 to
1980, had a deficit of $65 million, and the imbalance may be greater this year.
The state's budget was soon affected. In May, the country's currency, the pula,
was devalued by 10 per cent (1 pula is equivalent to about 7 French francs),
civil service salaries were frozen, and the government contemplated introduc-
ing the VAT.

For the first time since independence, the standard of living in Botswana--the
name of the ethnic group--deteriorated. Despite limits imposed by the govern-
ment, the rural exodus, added to a fast growing population (half the population,
which has almost doubled in 12 years, is under 15), came to swell dangerously
the already large numbers of unemployed persons around the capital. The coun-
try's new industry cannot create more than seven or eight thousand jobs per
year. Will the government be able to contain the growing discontent. There

is no lack of development projects, but many, like the Kalahari railroad, are
still far off, even uncertain.

A Young General
On the political level, the main opposition party--the Botswana National Front
--, even with the support of the unemployed, has apparently no chance of beat-

ing--in the 1984 elections--a government formation which in the minds of the
large majority of the citizens remains "the chief's party," founded by Seretse

13



This is where we were when disturbing rumors began to circulate. And then one
day, what a blast--the bomb exploded on the front page of the national daily
paper, confirming Radio Cancan's gossip with rich detail. More than 20
officials and public personalities had been apprehended in the capital and
various regions of the country. Once the astonishment faded, the man in the
street understood that "gaaxaan faaxee."

The Anticipated Psychological Shock Was Moreorless Achieved

The honest taxpayers applauded, the opposition parties marked the occasion and
the local press was unusually zealous. As for the large family of the
administration, it reacted differently. Those who were beyond reproach
demonstrated legitimate satisfaction; on the other hand, those at whom the
measures were aimed were brought up short and lost sleep over it. All the
more so, it seems, since interventions and pressure of any kind proved to be
futile. Then, a contagious atmosphere of fear and apprehension which settled
into homes and offices established itself. All of a sudden, everyone became
aware of the danger which threatened a good number of respectable citizens.
The first result of this psychological shock is that the Senegalese are afraid
and the fear is sparing practically no one since those who have done nothing
wrong fear for a parent, friend or neighbor who is apparently under scrutiny
by the judges and investigators. Even if only for this reason, the law on
illegal enrichment constitutes an extremely beneficial act and an immense
service to the nation.

9693
CSO: 3419/306

57



Increased Alienation of Whites Noted
(Jean-Pierre Langellier; LE MONDE, 30 Nov 82) ....sseeeee

Zisco Problems Peak in Management Reshuffle
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 3 Dec 82) .cscccecvvcccucceuceves

Increase in Electricity Charges Reported
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 3 Dec 82) ..sccsccssecveeceece wee

Briefs
Immigration Gains
Record Winter Wheat Crop
Use of Mozambican Ports
Malawi Rice Banned
Esaripo Hq
Engineer Unions Fight
Sunflower Seeds
Population Problems
Border Posts at Risk

98

102

103

104
104
104
105
105
105
106
106
106



cso:

{Act which formalised the
[activities of | the
{Ingwenyama-in-Council
:known as the Swazi Ad-
j ministration Act.
“Under the same Act,
sections three and four
also recognised the
establishment . of the
| Swazi courts whose
jurisdiction excluded
‘marriage cases other
than traditional ones,
~ alleged death offences or
{any other cases that were
{punishable by’ long
‘prison terms,” Senator
; Nsibandze said.
* He said through the
fyears right up to in-
dependence period until
tnow, the Swazi nation
phas excericed legislation
ugh its correspon-
vding legal systems
‘because the people as a
Pmajority felt that the
‘country would not be
{administered fairly
fwithout some of these
Vinstitutions most of
twhich were in accor-
dance with the Swazi
Law and Custom.
Answering questions
from students on the

3400/463

89

Tproblems faced by
t [legislators i in the applica-
it tion of these two systems
:in certain instances dur-
hing the process of
development .of this
ycountry, Senator
Nsibandze agreed that
uthere were some pro-
¥blems . which ‘needed. to
‘be looked into,

He said there, was
‘already the Law Reform
‘Development Commis-
sion which had been
given the task of revising
Some of these laws to
‘make them applicable to”
ithe needs of the present
f Swaziland as well as the
future:

‘He put the example of
‘the need for the codifica-
ition of the Swazi Law
‘and Custom for future
‘references and challeng-
fed students to help in
this manner and in also
fbringing out relevant
‘studies that will help

evolve a better pattern of
Flegislations. that will har-
;moniously bring the best.
| of the Swazi way of like
5 -as.well as.the western.



MOZAMBIQUE

"SPECIAL STORE' ABOLISHED BY HOME TRADE MINISTRY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 22 Nov 82 p 1

[Text] "'MK' will no longer operate in Maputo as a special store, and will
become a normal establishment like the rest," said Minister of Home Trade
Aranda da Silva last Saturday.

Announced before hundreds of representatives of the People's Power in the
capital, gathered with the party leadership in the Center of Stevedores of
Xipamanine, the measure received. one of the longest ovations given by the
participants to the several decisions taken or announced at that meeting.

Aranda da Silva said that "the reasons for the creation of that special
store no longer exist at all at the present time."

He added that at this time those who take advantage of "MK" as a special
store are only black marketeers.

"At this time the operation of a special store like that without promoting
smuggling of goods is not possible," he said.

"MK" which operated with three supermarkets owned by the state was opened
as a special store days after the introduction of the New Supply System in
Maputo in March 1981.

Among other objectives, its aim was to enable the population to buy some
surpluses of products covered by the NSA [New Supply System] so as to fill
the needs over those of normal consumption, such as holidays and other
occasions. These products were sold at prices above those prevailing in
the rest of the stores.

"MK" also sold various articles which, not being essential, basically res-
ponded to the habits of a restricted segment of the population.

The experience of almost a year and a half, and the way of operation of this
store, showed that black marketeers made of the "MK" one of their main
centers of supply, so that later they resold the products at very speculative
prices.

This situation was being criticized and denounced by the representatives of
the organization of the People's Power and of the population in general in
several meetings with authorities of the party and the state apparatus.

11635
Cso: 3442/71

34


had time to gather the experience that leads to a realisation that politics
is the art of the possible.

All in all, at the end of 1982 there seems to be little to celebrate, and
1983 promises to be an even more difficult year. Yet there have been
gains, which have been obscured by the more dramatic news of the country's
difficulties.

One area in which we find some comfort is the growing appreciation by
government of the importance of the private sector, and a readiness, how-
ever limited, to listen to what industry's leaders have to say. We have a
long way to go before the evident distrust of business by government is
dispelled, but there are signs that its. knee-jerk reaction to private
enterprise is weakening.

In the difficult year ahead there can be little room for errors, or for
failures to make the most of Zimbabwe's resources and opportunities. Free
and frank consultation between government and business, with respect for
each other's different points of view, should be a new year resolution to be
adopted by those who have the ultimate responsibility for the country's
welfare.

CsO: 3400/508

96



About the export of consumer goods from Portugal to Mozambique, he revealed
that our operation suffered a slight alternation in the timetable envisaged
in the agreements signed during Pinto Balsemao's visit.

"Plans are that the importation will begin before the end of the year; however,
if it is not possible, it will be during the first months of 1983," he said.

Another matter, also discussed during the negotiations, was the line of credit
between the two countries. According to the ICEP chairman, they "will function
very well, but it is possible to improve them if some present obstacles between
the users and the banks are eliminated."

He also cited the case of the rise of interest and amortization conditions,
which he said “are not in the best interest of Mazambique." However, he added
in this connection, there is an "understanding" between the Mozambican and
Portuguese parties, and that an agreement is possible.

11634
csO: 3442/72

37