. JPRS-SSA-85-034
a 23 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE ——

BRIEFS .

BEIRA MILITIAMEN TO BE PUNISHED—-Militiamen in the city of Beira who seized
documents from youths of military age and forcefully took them on trucks to
the recruitment center to join the Army will be severely punished, because
“they acted without permission and their action could interfere with the
military census process that is under way." Lt Artur Charles, chief of the
Sofala census and recruitment center, remarked: "The militiamen abused the
military uniform which they wear on those occasions and what they did was
"their own idea'; they had no orders from anyone." In this way he explained
the reason for the punishment that the aforementioned militiamen will receive.
However, with respect to the militiamen's irregular procedure, Lt Artur Charles
commented: "The only thing that the center does after receiving the youths in
connection with this 'campaign' is to record in the census those who have not

_ yet served, releasing them immediately. and incorporating those who had already

been called and who did not show up at the stipulated time." Nevertheless,
this "taint" has not impeded the normal course of the military census process.
After the uneasiness caused by this situation had been dispelled, the youths
again went to the 22 stations set up in the city of Beira. The problem that
has hampered the immediate success of the operation.is the lack of equipment
in the photographic establishments. Many youths have the required documenta-
tion ready, but they lack photographs. The chief of the census and recruitment
center in Sofala said that, this year, more youths went to the stations than
the number last year. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Feb 85 p 3]
2909

DELEGATION FOR MOSCOW FESTIVAL--A delegation consisting of 150 young people
will represent Mozambique at the 12th International Festival of Youth and
Students, to be held in Moscow, in the Soviet Union, this coming July. This
fact was disclosed by Zacarias Kupela, secretary general for organization of
Mozambican Youth, during a press conference granted yesterday to the news media.
According to this official, 100 young people will be selected through cultur-
al, recreational and sports activities, to be nominated for this purpose.

The other 50 are students located in the Soviet Union for training courses.
Mozambique's participation in the International Festival of Youth and Students
the preparations for which will begin soon is included in the planning for the
OJM's [Mozambique Youth Organization] Second National Conference, which is

to take place during the first quarter of the year. This is the second time

55



gangs," the fourth meeting of literacy and educational ‘workers of the Armed
Forces in the first region came to a close last Wednesday.

"The success in the tasks of teaching reading and writing.and of education
guarantee, among other things, learning and mastery of the military arts,

and skillful use of the techniques that we have at our disposal for repelling
the enemy."

2909 .
cso: 3442/216

21



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JPRS-SSA-85-034

ee 23 April 19850

r
f
1

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

ROAD CONTRACT—-A UK based construction company, Wade Adams Construction, has won
a $5 million contract to upgrade the final 55 kilometres of the Lothian-Zaka-
Triangle road in the southeast of Zimbabwe. Mr Crone, the resident local con-
sultant of John Burrows and Partners in Zimbabwe, who are acting as consultants
to Wade Adams, said the construction is expected to start during April and would
take about 13 months. He said two sections of the road have already been done,
one in 1983 and the other last year. The construction company will use some lo-
cal equipment, though Mr Crone said that the company might also import some. The
local workforce of Wade Adams would undertake the work, he said. The project is
being financed from a $10 million Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
(BADEA) loan to Zimbabwe agreed in January 1983. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GA-
ZETTE in English 15 Mar 85 p 15]

HOLLAND GIVES AID FOR BAGS—It is the Netherlands and not a Scandanavian country
which is providing money for Zimbabwe to import more grain bags, says the second
secretary at the Dutch Embassy, Mr Harry Molenaar. Last week FARMING GAZETTE
reported the Minister of Agriculture, Senator Denis Norman, saying a Scandanavian
country would provide the aid. Mr Molenaar said as far as he was aware no other
country had given grain bag aid. He said the Netherlands made the money available
during annual consultations with the government at the end of January. The aid,
2,7 million guilders or $1,2 million has still to be transferred to the Reserve
Bank, but the money was available, said Mr Molenaar. He added that the bags
would probably come from Bangladesh or through a trader in Rotterdam. Other ag-
ricultural aid included $400 000 worth of farm machinery for a large local com-
pany. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 15 Mar 85 p 19]

CSO: 3400/886 END

115



In the last few years, the industrial developmenit-has-given the homeland
very considerable growth rates. Whereas the growth rate in real’ terms in
the first year after independence stood at 7.9 percent in 1979 it leaped
to 24.5 percent and stabilized in 1980 at 10.4 percent. According to the
Foreign Ministry, an approxinate 3 percent growth rate is estimated for
successive years.

The lion's share goes to the mining industry. Bophuthatswana is the
second largest producer of platinum after the Soviet Union. A total of
49 percent of the world production of platinum originates from Southern
Africa. Of this figure, 42 percent comes from the Republic of South
Africa and 58 percent from Bophuthatswana. Bophuthatswana mines are
the major employers. Impala Platinum alone employs.:about 32,000 black
and 1,500 white workers. It is the largest company on Bophuthatswana
soil. An additional 30,000 individuals are employed in 34 other mining
firms. Of about 100,000 total jobs in the Bophuthatswana homeland,
about 40,000 fall into the small industry and trade category.

In any case,.one of Bophuthatswana's handicaps is its extremely strong
political and economic dependence on the Republic of South Africa's
goodwill, About 10 percent of the state’budget of Bophuthatswana con-
stitutes South African development aid. All legal statues conform to
South African regulations. The double taxation agreement with the Cape
republic inevitably holds true even with Bophuthatswana. Financial
transactions are processed through the South African central bank.

12348
CSO: 3420/40

64


' JPRS-SSA-85-034
ee 23 april 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

FATHER MOSELANE COMPLETES FIVE MONTHS IN DETENTION
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 25 Mar 85 p 3
{Article by Themba Molefe]

[Text] Father Tebogo Moselane of Sharpeville completed exactly five months in
security detention on Thursday-—the: 25th anniversary of Heroes Day.

The clergyman and popular community leader was detained in terms of Section 29
of the Internal Security Act last October 21.

Services throughout the country were held last week--March 21--to commemorate the
Sharpeville shootings of 1960-—when 69 residents were shot during an anti-pass
demonstration. he

Father Moselane was detained at the height of the rent protest in the Vaal Tri-
angle's five townships. More than 75 residents died during the months of rioting
which began on September 3.

He was one of the instrumentai members of the Vaal Ministers Solidarity Group
(VMSG) who attempted to negotiate with the Lekoa Town Council on behalf of resi-
dents.

Also detained under Section 29 is the Rev Lord MacCamel of Evaton who is also
an executive of the VMSG. He was held a few weeks after security police detained
Father Moselane,

This week the VMSG called for the release of the two clerics and demanded that
they be brought before court if they have committed any crime.

The VMSG also said it condemned detention without trial and called for the re-
lease of all detained Vaal residents. More than 21 people from the area are
still in security detention following the unrest.

cso: 3400/873

75



state and judicial organs, asserted that the meeting would.confirm the state-
ment made by President Jose Eduardo dos Santos in his opening address at the
party's first national conference, on the efforts that UNTA has been expending
to improve and train the trade union cadres.

Teresinha Lopes also cited UNTA's concern over: the fulfillment of the instruc-
tions and directives from the party leadership in the economic and social
areas, aimed at raising production and productivity so as to guarantee an
improvement in the workers’ living conditions; as well as the major efforts
that this institution will have to made in order to mobilize the workers to
prepare for the party's second congress.

The director of the CC department for state and judicial organs also. mentioned
the need for urgent implementation of the methodology recently approved for
organizing and mobilizing the emulation, which will include all sectors of
activity, as well as defense and security organs and the student sector.

‘After praising the participants’ concern for improving the existing social
infrastructures with respect to medical stations, health promoters, dining
halls, consumer cooperatives and child day-care centers, she underscored the
need for making a thorough analysis of the cause of the difficulties besetting
the labor justice organs and the most effective and expeditious means. for
surmounting them.

Teresinha Lopes remarked: "It is important for the labor commissions on the
different levels, particularly the enterprise labor commissions, to become

aware that they are, primarily, genuine organs for the administration of justice
and not mere organs for defense of the workers; and for. them to have as a goal
the implementation of the labor legislation and the reinforcement of discipline."
She expressed her conviction regarding the success that. the workers will be

able to accrue from the improvement of the work on ‘the various levels.

It should be noted that Lucio Lara, member of the Central Committee's Polit-

buro and secretary for organization, was present at the opening of the afore-
mentioned meeting.

2909 .
CSO: 3442/126

11



now it is making use of pragmatic, and not theologiéal graqunds. For example,
it argues that apartheid is necessary to maintain the cultural identity of
people. But I usually respond with the example of the Jews,.and how they
have managed to maintain their cultural identity for so long, despite such
dreadful suffering, without ever adopting any type of discrimination against
individuals because of the color of their skin.

[Question] What do you think the future of South African will be like?

{answer] Marvelous, marvelous; this is a marvelous cowntry!. And it will be
‘even more marvelous when all of us, white and black, can live together in
peace. South Africa is God's country, and God wants us to be able to live
like a single large human family. But, in the near future, this country

could have an enormous number of problems. It' will be extremely difficult

to curb the frustration and resentment, particularly among the black youth.
But this is God's country, rich and marvelous. And the solution for its
problems is for us to learn to accept one another as human beings. Liberation
is certain, but it could prove very costly. The authorities can choose whether
they want it to come ina reasonable 1 manner or through a process of great
suffering for everyone.

[Question] How do you feel as a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize?

[Answer] There is an enormous amount of different, conflicting emotions. I
feel proud, humble, filled with joy, in high spirits and sad. But I think the
most important thing is the marvelous defense that the world has made, through
this prize, for the South African Council of Churches and the oppressed people
of South Africa and Namibia. And, obviously, this prize has helped to call
the world's attention to the problems of this country and its people. This
has been very encouraging. All that tremendous show of love that I received
in Oslo was splendid for me personally. But, most of all, it was an enormous
reward for our people's struggle on behalf of freedom.

2909
CsO: 3442/208



The President said Kenya has maintained an atmosphere of political tolerance, .
protecting and promoting freedom of expression, which has facilitated the develop-
ment and expansion of a dynamic and free Press consisting of five daily newspapers,
three Sundays, one weekly news magazine and several rural newspapers and journals.

President Moi said several factors had contributed towards the expansion of news~
papers in the country, such as the expansion of the education system, which has
contributed towards the increase in newspaper readership.

The President recalled the debate in the Third World regarding a new world infor~
mation order, and the launching of the Pan African News Agency, (PANA) by the
QAU, aimed at promoting solidarity, co-operation and understanding among the peo-
ple of Africa, and said through these efforts Africans are able to share informa-
tion about the struggles, achievements, ideas and activities of its people.

The President paid tribute to the establishment of the government-owned Kenya
News Agency, (KNA) which now operates more than 50 offices in the country, which
“he said had improved both the accuracy and coverage of news.

President Moi acknowledged that newspapers were a very important instrument of
public education but warned that the information newspapers contain can easily be
_Manipulated and distorted to the extent of promoting hatred and despondency.

"Newspapers can be turned into useful weapons of liberation and for promoting
genuine national aspirations and constructive regional and international co-opera-
tion, and appealed to the Kenyan Press to display a positive role in even more
crucial areas so as to enhance national development endeavours.

cso: 3400/885



JPRS-SSA-85-034
23 April 1985

TRIBAL CHIEFS RESENT LOSS OF POWER UNDER GOVERNMENT REFORMS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Mar 85 p 16

{Text] Like President Botha, Zimbabwe's prime minister, Mr Robert Mugabe, is
finding that the path of reform is not an easy one to tread.

One of the aims of the latter's socialist government is to take democracy to the
rural areas, home for 80 percent of Zimbabwe's 7,7 million people, where tradi-
tionally, the chiefs have wielded enormous power.

They presided over customary courts, they dispensed land, they settled disputes
and generally their word was law.

Since independence, however, the chiefs have been stripped of many of their powers.

The institution of chieftainship was retained and government spokesman insisted
that the chiefs were still held in the highest regard.

But their judicial powers were removed and handed instead to community courts,
and elected district councils took over the distribution of land in the communal
areas.

The chiefs were told that they would remain the ancestral and spiritual leaders of
the people and, as assessors in the village and community courts and ex-officio
members of the district councils, would have a role to play in the daily lives of
the people,

But praise for their wisdom and tributes to their importance as guardians of the
cultural heritage did not dispel the anger and dismay felt by most of the chiefs,
who regarded the Government moves as blows to their authority.

Last weekend, more than 200 chiefs gathered in the senate chamber, clad in their
robes of authority and wearing the pith helmets presented to them on their instal-
lation as chiefs. .

They were there to tell the Prime Minister himself of their distress and to lis-
ten to what he had to say in the best traditions of an indaba.

99



JPRS-SSA-85-034
| 23 April 1985

KENYA

MOI ENCOURAGES STRICT IMMIGRATION POLICIES
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 8 Mar 85 p 1
[Article by Mitch Odero]

[Text] President Daniel arap Moi yesterday called on the Department of Immigra-
tion to ensure that dangerous elements do not slip into the country to endanger
the security of the state.

The department should be vigilant to ensure that everyone entering the country
had all the relevant documents.

Addressing a delegation of officers from the department who called on him at State
House, Nairobi, President Moi urged the department not to exempt anybody from the
normal international immigration procedures.

The delegation. led by the Principal Immigration Officer, Mr. Milton ole Ncharo,
presented the President with a cheque for shs. 20,000 towards the National Famine
Relief Fund and shs. 5,000 towards the Mercy Njeri Ng'ang’a Medical Fund.

Expressing satisfaction with the good work being done by the department, the Presi-
dent pointed out that the department was vital to the security of the state. He
cautioned the personnel in the department against laxity.

Those travelling out of the country must also receive the necessary innoculation,
he said, and urged the immigration officers to execute their duties with co-opera-
tion and to enhance the image of their department .

Receiving the donations, he thanked the officers for being mindful of other peo-
ple's welfare.

Introducing the delegation to the President, Ole Ncharo said’ a number of his of-
ficers had registered either as life or ordinary members of Kanu.

The ceremony was also attended by a Minister in the President's Office, Mr. Jus-
tus ole Tipis.

cso: 3400/883

35



. . JPRS-SSA~85-034
Toe _23 April 1985

BRIEFS

DIPLOMATS DEFECT—The London bureau of the opposition Somali National Movement
has published a strong attack. on the Soamli foreign ministry, headed by Ahmed
Jama Barre, a cousin of president Mohamed Siad Barre. The SNM published a
list of 11 diplomats who defected to the opposition in 1984, and six others who
abandoned their posts earlier. Among them are six ambassadors, including
Abdirahman A. Ali, who previously represented Somalia in the United Arab
Emirates and now heads the SNM's London office. The others are Abdinur
Yussuf, formerly in Canada, Abdirizak H. Hussein (United Nations), Ibrahim M.
Samatar (West Germany), Mohamed Warsame (United States), Mohamed Hashi

(Libya) and Muse Islan (Kuwait). Such losses contribute to the "continuous
decline of the efficiency of the Somali Ministry of Foreign Affairs," the SNM
said. Most of the defecting diplomats had more than 20 years experience, and
the ministry is now in the hands of "an exclusive club of junior staff," hand-
picked to implement the “destructive clannish policy" of the Mogadishu regime.
The communique also said that most of the Somali embassies in countries with
large Somali communities (Italy, Britain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Abu Dhabi,
among others) were engaged in “insidious and repressive activities" against
members of those communities. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in
English 9 Mar 85 p 4]

SSDF DEATHS--Two further mysterious deaths occurred at the end of February
among the leadership of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front. The victims
were captain Mohamed Ali Warsame, number two in the central command and the

_ head of the SSDF's training centre since 1983, and lieutenant-colonel Ahmed
Mohamed Issa Ligir, a founder of the movement and a member of its central com
mittee. According to Radio Halgan, the mouthpiece of the Somali’ opposition,
which reported their deaths, they were caused by a heart attack and kidney
and liver failure, respectively. 1I.0.N.—The deaths of these two senior offi-
cials of the SSDF appears even more suspicious given that they occurred only a
few months after the "car crash" which killed the commander-in-chief of the
front's armed forces, Colonel Mohamoud Farah Hassan "Da'arbe" on August 18
(see I.0.N. No 147). Moreover, in October two more of the movement's leaders,
Abdurahman Eydid Ahmed and Ikar Haji Mohamed, were officially said to have
been "assassinated by agents of the Somali government," in an SSDF military
camp near Dire Dawa, Ethiopia (see I.0.N. No 153). In Somali circles, these
deaths are generally considered to be the result of internal feuding, caused
‘by the head of the SSDF, Colonel Abdullahi Yussuf Ahmed, eliminating all the
rivals who have been contesting his leadership for many months. [Text] [Paris
THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 9 Mar 85 p 4]

CSO: 3400/823
60



Africa cannot be so easily deceived and Botha must -be so shaliow minded to think
that anybody in Africa can bother about taking him with any seriousness. We don't ~
both Mr. Botha! -

Africa is only too aware that its strong and united stand against the racist re-
gime worries South Africa, Pretoria therefore would want to see a divided conti-
nent to feel secure and free to pursue its racist policies and deny the majority
the right to determine their own destiny. So far, South Africa's tactics to di-
vide Africa have failed and hence the gunning for countries like Kenya who cham-
pion the cause of humanity in South Africa.

I£ Kenya and others could be kept off from this cause, then Pretoria would find
it easy to concentrate its military might, use its wealth, and support from its
Western friends to crush internal opposition against its policies. The racist re~
gime has in fact found itself rapped in its own abyss and there is only one way it
can come out of it-—-surrender to the will of the majority for that is also the
will of the God of Africa.

cso: 3400/885

31



JPRS-SSA~85-034
23 april iges

7 _ 7” SOUTH AFRICA

BOPHUTHATSWANA SEEKS TO ESTABLISH ECONOMIC VIABILITY
Duesseldorf HANDELSBLATT in German 27 Feb 85 p 13 -

[Text] Duesseldorf. In the eight years following
its independence, largely dictated by South Africa,
Bophuthatswana can certainly name more than 200
firms operating successfully within its borders.
However, this homeland on the northwest flank of
the Republic of South Africa is seeking more foreign
investment capital.

The Republic of Bophuthatswana is having difficulty attracting notice
abroad. Like most of the countries of the world, the Federal Republic has
not recognized the government under President Lucas. Manyane Mangope and
because of this, neither a diplomatic mission nor a consulate has been
established there. Nevertheless, Juergen Komischke, the trade representa-
tive of the Republic of Bophuthatswana, is seeking West German firms who
will follow the lead of showcase firms such as BMW which is operating a
plant in Ga-Rankuwa and firms that wish to set up operations in a country
Tich in raw materials.

The incentives range from subsidies for rents, interest, electricity and
transportation to financial subsidies for project start-ups to processing
and operating costs which, compared to South Africa, are advantageous.
Investments up to $7 million are subsidized, whereby the limit to the
financial shot-in-the-arm is scaled according to the location of the
plant, i.e., in which one of the Republic's seven. scattered territories
it will be built. The Bophuthatswana National Development Corporation
Ltd. (BNDC) with its headquarters in the capital city of Mmabatho was
established for the industrial and commercial development of the country
under state management and to attract business to settle there. Even the
Ministry for Industry, Trade, and Tourism of the Republic of South Africa
is available as a contract for interested parties, as well as the private
export promotion firm SAFTO (South African Foreign Trade Organization).

In its informational brochure, the BNDC refers to the lack of restrictions
in regards to the transfer of profits and capital within the rand region
and only restrictions bound to "certain formalities" outside of that area.
Last year the corporate income rate rose from 38 percent to 40 percent.
Forty percent was the highest income tax rate for persons earning annually
more than 26,000 rand.


One of the issues raised by the chiefs was the Legat Age of Majority Act, under
which all Zimbabweans are recognised as adults at 18, with the right to vote, to
enter into contracts and to marry without necessarily obtaining their parents’
permission. : =

One result of the introduction of the Act has been that fathers of girls over the
age of 18 can no longer sue for damages if their daughters fall pregnant, an is-
sue which has caused uproar in tribal society.

Traditionalists have been up in arms over the loss of parental control and Chief
Kayisa Ndiweni told the Prime Minister: "We cannot allow children to do whatever
they want. We are destroying the whole nation."

Mr Mugabe told the chiefs the Government was re-considering aspects of the law and
that certain interpretations by the courts had not been foreseen.

On the removal of chiefs’ judicial powers, Mr Mugabe was told by one chief: "Iwo
bulls cannot reign in one pen. We have been relegated to the outside while young
men are trying cases in our areas."

In an effort to placate them, Mr Mugabe said that, where chiefs had been trained
4n the law, they would be made chairmen of the local courts, but they would have
to have a knowledge of the new law.

But he would not agree to suggestions that chiefs be allowed to appoint members
to the district councils.

The indaba was hailed by the local press as an historic consultation. But it
also noted that it followed attempts by opposition parties to make election capi-
tal out of claims that the ruling party was against traditional culture.

THE HERALD said chiefs should stop yearning for their past glories, when minor~
ity rulers made them the bulls in African reserves. .

The lesson will not be lost, however, that changes, even when they seem to logi-
cally-minded people to be for the better, carry with them dangers which opponents
will not fail to exploit.

Cso: 3400/889

100



JPRS-SSA-85-034

noo 23 April 1985 :

MAURITIUS

SHIRTS QUOTA INCREASE AWARDED

Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 9 Mar 85 p 5

[Text]

Mauritius, which has become one of the world's major exporters of
textiles and hosiery, scored a notable success on March 4 by managing to
obtain a substantial increase in its quota of exports to the United
States market, which is the subject of fierce competition on the part of
producers in the Third World. At the end of last year the United States
would only accept 1.2 million shirts annually from Mauritius, but the
agreement which has just been signed between Port Louis and Washington
allows for 7.56 million items. This figure is broken down as follows: 2.4
million woven cotton shirts, 2.4 million knitted cotton shirts, 2.76
million shirts and blazers in man-made fibre and 1.38 million woollen
pullovers. .

For comparison, the quotas accorded to other major textile producers
by the United States include 2.18 million shirts from South Korea, 1.6
million from Macao, 1.3 million each from Thailand and Pakistan, and one
million: from Mexico. !

I.0.8.- This agreement, signed after a four-day visit to Mauritius by
@ team from the United States department of commerce, undeniably
represents an economic triumph for Mauritus, but aleo a gesture of
good will _on the part of Washington. According to a U.S. atate
lepartment offictal who spoke to THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, the
"| gqreement was _made’ possible after Mauritius moved closer to the United
States position in the United Nations. In the wake of this
"papprochement” , Washington dec: to look favourably on requests
from Mauritius, particularly with regard to ita exports to the United
States. Mauritian prime minister Anesrood JUGNAUTH also sent a
personal letter to U.S. president Ronald REAGAN on thie matter,
stressing the necessity for the ialand to continue ita efforts at
industrialisation.

The textile agreement has also enabled the Mauritian government to
score points at home, since the increase in exports from the free zone
will create no fewer than 5,000 new jobs, in the opinion of the
authorities in Port Louts. Official statistics already show a

reduction over the past year in the number of jobless, which in
December 1984 were 5,000 down on the same month in 1983.

cso: 3400/823 41

porte
|
|


This mechanism and the ever rising interest rates~ s“chazged ‘on loans to the poor
accounted for Africa's indebtedness presently estimated at a total of 2,550bn/-
(150 billion US dollars).

The President said the total debt of Africa south of the Sahara was in the region
of 1,445bn/- (85 billion US dollars), of which the low-income countries of the
area shoulder 6,788bn/- (34 billion US dollars).

He pointed out that the average rate of interest for African countries rose from
4.2 per cent in 1971 to 10.1 per cent ten years later. It had since gone up
again, he added. .

On the other hand, the average period of maturities had fallen from 22 years in
1971 to 15 years in 1982. But the long-term nature of African investment needs
have not declined, and if we cannot repay on due date we are expected to borrow
at the current very high rates of interest in order to do so".

For example, he said, Africa south of the Sahara will pay a total of 217,09bn/-
(12.77 billion US dollars) a year from 1985-1987 in servicing just the long-term
debt it had accumulated by 1982.

The President discounted suggestions. that private enterprise was the solution to
Africa's under-utilisation of production capacity and deteriorating infrastruc-
ture caused by foreign exchange scarcity.

He said the argument that foreign investors bring in capital and expertise, that
the host country has no liability in case of failure and that such enterprises
run more efficiently than public ones sounded "superficially attractive".

He explained that private investors were motivated by profit. They thus prefered
to invest in secure places with reliable infrastructure and experienced labour
force.

"If there is any risk involved, they will either not invest, or make only quick-
yielding investments. The long-term building of roads, railways, ports, elec-
tricity supplies or even major factories is not attractive to them unless there
is a publicly guaranteed and very high assured return", he pointed out.

Mwalimu said the foreign direct investment in the Third World, only 10 per cent
had been made in countries with a per capita Gross Domestic Product below 8,500/-
(500 US dollars), which included most of Africa.

Even then, he said, out of 680bn/- (four billion dollars) foreign direct invest-
ment in such low-income countries, 59.5bn/=- (3.5 billion dollars) was concentra~
ted in just four countries, leaving 8.5bn/- (0.5 billion dollars) to be shared
by 46 countries.

"Those 46 countries include places like Zaire, Malawi, Rwanda, Burundi and Kenya,

which are among the majority of Third World states pursuing capitalist and private
enterprise policies and actively seeking this kind of investment," he said.

83



Of the Belgian loans, which are allocated predominantly for 40 years at

a two-percent interest rate, 30 percent go to Third World countries in
Africa. From 1968 to 1983, 17 countries there received 6.9 billion
Belgian francs—-equal to 27 percent of all foreign loans. Of this total,
Zaire received 2.65 billion, Tanzania 0.7 billion, Morocco and Tunisia
0.5 each, Mozambique 0.49, Egypt 0.46, and 0.4 to Ivory Coast. So, there
is also a good spread here. One of the focal points of the loans are

the development banks of the African countries, which have received around
a billion Belgian francs.

With regard to development cooperation, Belgium agrees with the other
European contributing countries that the priorities are agriculture, food
supply, transportation, commmication and health care. For agriculture
alone, Burssels spent 780 million Belgian francs or 8 percent of its

aid in 1982, for example. But, like the other European countries,
Belgium holds that strictly providing aid to. the starving must be
supplanted by putting agriculture back on its feet.

Belgium's Receipe: Be Open And Realistic

Belgium, which with its 34 embassies and consulates in Africa is,
naturally, best. informed about the current situation, shares European
concern for the prevailing conditions there. The most pressing problems
include steep indebtedness, which consumes 35 percent of export income,
lack of energy sources, high vulnerability to internal and external
intervention, political and military instability in many countries,
ideologization of conflicts, crisis zones—particularly in southern
Africa. Brussels has no sympathy for the apartheid policy of the power-
house in Cape Town. However, it views a break or boycott as having
little beneficial effect and, instead, places greater importance on
dialogue and economic cooperation with Pretoria, which cannot be
renounced if the object is to convince South Africa in a reasonable
manner to loosen its policies.

Yet, Belgium also participates in the SADCC, particularly with regard to
transportation, inorder to make the countrires of southem Africa more
independent of their powerful neighbor. Military aid, on the other hand,
is granted only; to Zaire and Ruanda—and it is very limited, only
temporary and restricted to training. It is to be recalled that during
the attacks in the Shaba province of Zaire several years ago, Belgium
had to call on French assistance. Everywhere in Belgium's former
possessions, the French-speaking community seems to be increasingly
orienting itself politically to Paris. .

The militarization of many countries by means of huge, unproductive
expenditures and the stationing of foreign troops—primarily from the
Eastern-oriented nations—-are considered to be particularly destabilizing
factors among the many plagues of Africa. But, the Africans are not

the only ones to blame for all this. The work of the OAU, for example,
is recognized in Belgium, because it helps prevent the situation from



MADAGASCAR

Briefs
CCCE Loans
Indian Ocean Program
Soviet Aircraft Aid
MALAWI

Briefs
Support for MNR Denied

MAURITIUS

Shirts Quota Increase Awarded
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 9 Mar 85)...sceeseccccsccccece

MOZAMBIQUE

Liberated Families Integrated Into Homoine District’
(NOTICIAS, 21 Feb 85).ccscccccccccccccccccccccccccuccccccscs

Success or Failure of Nkomati After One Year Examined
( THE STAR, 15 Mar 85)..

Unknown MNR Backers, by Peter Sullivan
Benefits. in Question, by Joao Santa Rita
Anarchy Reported

Koomatiport Mayor Comments

Japan Donation for Road Repair
(THE HERALD, 22 Mar 85)...ssssescccccccccevcecceccececseeees

Priorities in Beira Construction Sector for 1985 Studied
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 13 Mar 85)..sececcccccccccccccesececes

Liberated Families in Zambezia-Receive Aid
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 11 Mar 85).ccceccscsccccccsccccsccsece

Briefs
Beira Militiamen To Be Punished
Delegation for Moscow Festival
Miners Returning From RSA
Soviet Defense Attache Speaks
Militias Trained in Palma

REUNION

Briefs
Cooperation With Madagascar

-c-

39
39
39

40

41

42

44

44
45
45
46

48

49

54

55
55
56
56
57

58


a se

JPRS-SSA-85-034
- 23 April 1985

KENYA

BRIEFS

SENTENCE REDUCTIONS CONTINUE-~Five ex-servicemen with the defunct Kenya Air .
Force yesterday had their jail terms reduced by the High Court after successful
appeals against sentences imposed on them by a court martial for mutiny relating
to the activities of the August 1, 1982 coup bid. The appeals were heard by Jus-
tice J. H. $. Todd, while the state was represented by Major T. K. Githiora.
Samuel Karage Kiaka's jail term was reduced from 16 to 12 years. Samuel Gathange
Maina had his eight years jail term reduced to five years, George Cheptot Muteis
12 years to six years, William Ogada Ogembo's 23 years to 12 years, and Titus
Tumbo Ngio's 20 years were reduced to 12 years. In the same court, four new ap-
peals were heard from Patrick Baraza Cheson, Jack Nyambuga Okumba, Norman Ishihe
Abwanje and Harrison Oyuke, all ex-airmen. Cheson and Okumba were represented

by Mr. P. S. Gatimu while Ambwanje and Oyuke were represented by Mr. D. S.
Amayamu. Major T. K. Githiora appeared for the State. Gatimu said his clients
did not participate in the August 1982 coup bid but only heard of the coup through
the radio and reported to Kenya Airforce to find out what was happening. Justice
Todd fixed the judgements for these appeals for March 12, 1985. [Text] [Richard
Keya] [Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 9 Mar 85 p 3]

CSO: 3400/884

38


position of that kind here, because of the regime's sécurity laws, which are
very harsh; although I imagine that the Latin American military regimes also
must have rather powerful systems of repression. But there is -uriquestionably
a great identification between liberation theology and black theology.

[Question] A few days ago, a commission of members. from the British Parliament

“was in. Namibia, and returned to London accusing the Anglican Church of giving

support to SWAPO and its action involving armed struggle in that territory.
What is the position of the Church toward the issue of Namibia?

[Answer] The Church considers the presence of South Africa in Namibia illegal,
and regards the South African troops as aggressors. I have no doubt that over
90 percent of the black community in Namibia backs SWAPO, just as I don't

think that SWAPO is a Marxist organization. Some members of SWAPO and some

of its leaders are Marxists; but the vast majority are Christians. The Church
admits that there are circumstances under which it is justifiable for the people
to fight. When the peaceful means have become exhausted and there is no other
way of combating the oppression, armed struggle is acceptable.

[Question] And how do the other Churches view the problem of apartheid? Do
they hold positions like those of your Church?

[Answer] Yes, the South African Council of Churches, of which I was secretary
general until recently, has been the spokesman for virtually all the Churches
in the country. And it has played a leading role in the political arena,
denouncing injustices, protecting the families of political prisoners and
financing lawyers to defend them. For example, the Catholic Church has been
in the front line of that struggle. My successor in the council's secretariat
is a Catholic bishop who is being tried by the government for having prepared

_a@ strong document containing accusations against the violent methods of repres-

sion used by the South African police in protest demonstrations in the black
districts of Johannesburg and Capetown. Nearly all the South African Churches
clearly repudiate the apartheid system and are striving for a new type of
society. The only exception is the White Dutch Reformed Church.

[Question] Is it true that this Church has gone so far as to justify the
apartheid system theologically?

[Answer] In fact, it has already gone so far as to seek biblical grounds for
supporting apartheid. But it is not using this type of excuse any longer
now. They had sought justification for the separation of races in Bible
passages, such as that about the Tower of Babel, for example; arguing that,
when different races mix, the result is confusion and disorder. But it has
had many problems because of those positions. It has had its. affiliation
with the World Alliance of Dutch Reformed.Churches suspended and now it is
isolated from any international agency. Even here in South Africa, there are
Dutch Reformed Churches, both African and coloured, which are associated
with the South African Council of Churches and which condemn apartheid. It
is only the White Dutch Reformed Church that still backs the government, but

69



A sentence of three years' imprisonment, of which- 12 mofiths -was. suspended for
five years, was handed down. 7 7

Me B J Bredenkamp appeared for the State, and Mr S Joseph for Jacobs.

CSO: 3400/887

78


172071
JPRS-SSA-85-034
23 April 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

4 aa

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



[ JPRS-SSA~85-034 i

oon 23 April 1985

a 7 ZIMBABWE

PLAN FOR ONE-PARTY STATE, LABOR BILL COULD HAMPER GROWTH

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 17 Mar 85 p 8 .
{article by Richard Wilson]

[Text] Two thunderclouds loom on the horizon of Zimbabwe's economic future.

They are both radical proposals which could severely hamper the country's recov-
ery. They are: a .

The one-party state, which was endorsed as official policy by Prime Minister Rob-
ert Mugabe's Zanu-PF at its congress last year.

And a new law called the Labour Relations Bill which is designed to give power to
the workers.

This law--condemned by the government's black and white political opponents as
"highly dangerous"--has already passed through its third reading stage in parlia~
ment.

Repression °

Both the one-party state policy and the labour law are viewed outside the country
as ultra-socialist and will be strong deterrents to much-needed foreign investment.

Observers point out that rule by a one-party state is equated in the West with
totalitariamism, bad management , repression of minorities, and corruption.

According to diplomatic sources in Harare, Britain and America want to see Mr
Mugabe get back into power in the June election with a strong majority...after
which they will try to steer him away from his more radical reforms.

Their attitude is: "Okay, the five year socialist experiment is over, now let's
get the country on a practical socio-economic course so that it can develop its
full potential."

Today, after five difficult and traumatic years of adapting to independence, it
looks as if the economic climate is coming right.

104



coMOROS : eee

Diplomatic Relations With Mauritius Established

(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 2 Mar 85).. 22
Briefs
Opposition Demonstation 23
Relations With Madagascar 23
Media Plans ' 23
DJIBOUTI
Briefs
Chinese Assistance 25
Djibouti Stopover 25
ETHIOPIA
Briefs .
DC3's Replaced 26
Bulgarian Pact 26
Dam Project Aid 26

Moi: Discusses Role of Press
(Charles Kulundu; THE KENYA TIMES, 20 Mar 85)....seeesceeees 27

University Staff Blamed for Misleading Students

(THE KENYA TIMES, 13 Mar 85)... 29

Arms Supply to Mozambican Rebels ‘Denied
(Editorial; THE KENYA TIMES, 22 Mar 85)...sececcecccecseeces 30

Unilateral Declaration of Independence Seen as Sham

(Editorial; THE KENYA TIMES, 12 Mar 85).... 32

New Charges Filed Against Students
(Edward Rihnaa; THE KENYA TIMES, 13 Mar 85)....cceseececeses 33

Administration Police Force's Reputation Decried

(THE KENYA TIMES, 7 Mar 85)....sseceeees 34

Moi Encourages Strict Immigration Policies
(Mitch Odero; THE KENYA TIMES, 8 Mar 85)...ccsccccccccceeees 35

Varsity Students Receive Sentences
(Edward Rihnaa; THE KENYA TIMES, 9 Mar 85).....cecccececeees 36

Briefs
Sentence Reductions . Continue 38

-b-



Heavy rains have broken Zimbabwe's enervating thrde-year- ought. “The maize crop
is good and will be sufficient to feed the nation. -

Combined export earnings from minerals and tobacco last year topped Z$700-million
and are set to increase this year.

The mood in business and agriculture is being described as "cautious optimism"--
with the caution stemming more from concern over what the government will do than
from economic indicators.

On the centre stage, Mr Mugabe is involved in a delicate juggling act with the
contradictory ideologies of socialism and capitalism.

He has to satisfy the expectations of his followers, while at the same time en-
suring a virile (and white-run) private sector to power the economy.

The two are directly linked. Economic growth and prosperity are essential to
bankroll the social reforms. :

Taking account of this, business sources feél-—-perhaps with not a little wishful
thinking—-that the one-party state and the labour law are vote-catching ploys
that will be quietly shelved after the election.

Pressure

But Mr Mugabe is under increasing pressure from within Zanu-PF to push ahead at
full steam with the party doctrine—-Scientific Socialism.

Until now the reforms have mainly been concentrated in opening up and expanding the
previously segregated education and health systems.

It is the drastic transformation of both these systems that has "hurt" the whites
most and driven many to emigrate.

In opening the schools to all, there has been an inevitable fall in standards.

Whites who can afford to are sending their children to private schools, which are
crowded.

There's an estimated 10 000 children at these schools, 95 percent of them white.
Parents are registering their children at birth for entry.

In government schools, the number of primary school children has risen from
900 000 to more than 2-million. :

Jobless
The expanded education system is aggravating the already grave unemployment crisis.

The army of jobless is growing annually as more schools churn out more job seek-
ers at a rate of 100 000 a year.

105



JPRS-SSA-85-034
23 April 1985

ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

* DC3'S REPLACED—-Ethiopian Airlines has begun to replace its fleet of ancient
Douglas DC3s, more than 40 years old, by six examples of the twin-engined
Canadian Dash-6, the first of which landed at Addis Ababa's Bole airport last
week, Intended for use on internal routes, these 18~seater aircraft will
also be used for aerial photographic missions. The Dash-6 fleet, which cost
17 million dollars, should be supplemented soon by four higher capacity air-
craft (40-50 seats), possibly the Franco-Italian ATR~42. [Text] (Paris THE
INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Mar 85 p 7] .

BULGARIAN PACT—At the end of the sixth meeting of their joint economic commis-
sion on March 3 Ethiopia and Bulgaria renewed their economic, cultural and
scientific cooperation agreement for 1985. The agreement was extended notably
in the agricultural sector, where 35 million dollars will be invested to
develop 6,500 hectares of land, the first phase of a project which will even-
tually cover 17,000 hectares. The exchange of goods and services worth five
million dollars was also agreed. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER
in English 9 Mar 85 p 5]

DAM PROJECT AID—Ethiopia is to build a hydroelectric dam at a cost of more
than US$190 million at Gilbe-Gibe in Shoa Province, thanks to joint aid from
North Korea, Austria and Finland. North Yoreawill provide an interest-free
loan of US$62.3 million, Austria a long-term loan of US$14.5 million, and
Finland a grant of US$5.3 million. Ethiopia's own contribution will be
US$41 million in hard currency and 67.6 million in kind. [Text] [Paris THE
INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 9 Mar 85 p 5]

cso: 3400/823

26


Mwalimu who received a prolonged standing ovation; summarised the reasons for
the iniquitous global economic patterns to be the feplacement of internation~

alism by "the naked use of power—economic and political power."

"Poor and desperate countries are told—-agree with the IMF, or else. Deal, in-
dividually, with us as a group on your debts because you owe all of us money, or
else. And the 'or else' is in all cases some form of economic sanctions or fur-
ther deprivation," he pointed out.

He warned that unless this attitude was changed, it would lead to a confronta~
tion between the rich and the poor nations.

"Tt is time we asked ourselves and the world some questions. Should be really pay
our debts to the rich before providing food for our people to prevent starvation?
Should we really pay our debts to the rich countries rather than maintain our ba-
sic education and health provision?

Should we really allow our transport system to decline still further so that we
can pay the debts? Or should.we answer brute power with the power of the spirit,
and simply say No?," he asked. .

President Nyerere is expected to arrive in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, tomorrow for a
three-day tour. He will also visit the United Kingdom before returning home.

“C80: 3400/902

85



JPRS-SSA-85-034 ~
23 April 1985

i
i
|
1

HARD LIFE FOR COLOREDS--Forty-five percent of coloured people were unemployed and

48 percent lived below the Poverty Datum Line, research involving 38 families has
shown. Speaking yesterday at the "Families in the City" seminar at the University
of the Witwatersrand, representatives of the Centre of Social Development (CSD)
said families they studied were a representative sample of coloured families in
Western Township and Eldorado Park. “Mrs Jessie Duarte, a community leader, said
coloured people battled to find work because companies tended to first employ
whites and then look for highly qualified blacks. Mrs Mendelle Mendelow said the
average wage for coloured parents in the sample was R445 and 27 percent of house~
hold income was found to come from alternative sources like relatives, tenant ren~
tal and maintenance payments. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 21 Mar 85

Pp 3] .

cso: 3400/887

80



Egyptians fear nothing worse than having the middle and upper course of
the Nile fall into enemy hands which could cut Egypt off from the waters
of the Nile, which is the basis of its life. Qadhafi might well be
capable of doing just that. Furthermore, Libya is still allied, at
least as a matter of form, with Ethiopia and the Soviet satellite, South
Yemen.

Wherever one might start with negotiations in the region, one would not
get very far. Whoever pulls on a string here cannot be sure whether he
is loosening a knot, or only pulling it tighter. Only bilateral talks
can be successful. Early in February Ethiopia, Somalia and the Sudan met
with Kenya and Uganda on a ministerial level in the mini-state of Djibouti
in order to. consult about establishing a joint bureau. Like its counter-
part in the west African Sahel countries, it is to coordinate national
measures to overcome the consequences of the drought, and to help prevent
future catastrophes. At the last moment it was proposed that the con-
ference and bureau should deal with drought and "development," that is,
also with a certain political coordination. Kenya plays an. important
part in this. This country, the only one having common borders with all
three of the countries in conflict, maintains goodand even excellent
relations with all countries of the region, and as a neutral power has
the trust. of all the capitals. Kenya seems to hold the most important key
for pacifying the Horn of Africa. In March or April, experts are to meet
in Djibouti in order to negotiate the. technical questions of the bureau

to be set up. woe,

But this is not yet the decisive step.. That can be taken only by the
heads of state. They are to meet in the first week of December. To reach
agreement at such a conference, and even its materialization, requires
first of all that‘all governments involved in the conflict convince their
foreign supporters and backers, for whom they are often only stand-ins,

of the usefulness of peace on the basis of a territorial status quo. This
might be most easily accomplished with the United States, with greater
difficulty with Saudi Arabia. The Soviet Union, however, cannot be
interested in calm and peaceful development of this strategically important
region of the northeastern corner of, Africa, situated on the Red Sea and
at the entrance to the Indian Ocean, facing the Near East and Middle

East. After losing the Sudan in,1971, and Egypt in 1976, the Soviet Union
also lost Somalia in 1977. Together with South Yemen, Ethiopia is its
only ally in the region. It can only hold on to it as long as Ethiopia
has to wage war and needs the Soviet Union as supplier of arms and

Cuban soldiers--and no longer.

9917
CSO: 3420/37


"APIE is still operating with difficulties. We-have new people in the sections
and departments, because many of the personnel left, some to transfer, includ-
ing chiefs. Therefore, I say that the new workers have not yet gained suffi-
cient rotation to undertake the work." : -

According to Adelino Ribeiro, APIE is not currently succeeding in monitoring
all the workers from the districts. The intention is, at every station, in
conjunction with the district secretary, to work on the detection of abandoned
houses. and empty dwellings fit for habitation.

We include the specific issue of APIE in articles included separately on
this page.

"There Is No Increase in House Rents!

The provincial director of construction and water of Sofala, Adelino Ribeiro,
assured the press: "No increase in rents for APIE housing has been planned."

That official was discussing the stories, rumors and complaints that have been
circulating during the past few days in the city of Beira.

Contrary to the speculation, Adelino Ribeiro explained that it is anticipated
that there will soon be a reajdustment of rents, based on the type of dwelling
and the wage of the tenants.

He added: "If a tenant earned 10,000 meticals, when the contract with APIE was
concluded, and he now earns 15,000, it will obviously be necessary to readjust;
but this should not be interpreted as a raise in the rate of house rents."

Speculation With Materials: Who Is to Blame?

Construction materials, especially cement and lusalite sheets, have now entered
the speculation system,

It is believed that this is due to, several factors of a cyclical nature, such
as the lack of supervision on the part of the state enterprises or agencies;
because concrete instances have been discovered.

There is, moreover, the problem of the documentation which reaches the port
stations too late; the latter sites being considered quite vulnerable to thefts
or diversions of goods. . .

Also associated with this situation is the issuance of false documents for
removal of goods from the docks; something which usually happens when there
is collusion among certain dishonest workers who have infiltrated the enter-
prises.

This question was seriously discussed during the interview granted by the pro-

vincial director of construction and water for Sofala who, in this connection,
assured us that DIMAC is not to blame for this.

50


{
JPRS-SSA-85-034

-- .

SALIM URGES YOUTH TO SPEARHEAD DEVELOPMENT, PURSUE LIBERATION
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 12 Mar 85 p 1

{Article by Lucas Liganga]

MESES Ka

[Text] 1 Minister, Salim Ahmed)
Ser ae
‘prevaillingin the continent

the Pan, “African Movement will:
have © ‘of * its:
‘fundamental duties honour
. Before: the -start
conference, the delegates
observed a one-minute silence in
honour ‘of. Soviet leader
Constantin Chemenko who died
est 7

: Dat
cid and. the threat it poses Mahnfed a Bape conve
iternati $ ‘Message ‘of solidarity ee

from, tester Sahara vouths,

csp cae

toy use
resources avail available. to-serve the
‘Cause of liberation ition and
*-Premier- Salim: ‘said youths:
could actively contribute t to the:
‘struggle iby: contributing: to’
“projects initiated. by liberation
,Mavements, ' like. the -

cso: 3400/907

92



an
| JpRS-SSA~85-034
23 April 1985

qe
oS SOUTH AFRICA

TUTU CALLS FOR MEDIATION TO AVOID ‘BLOOD BATH’
Sao Paulo FOLHA DE SAO PAULO in Portuguese 10 Mar 85 p 18

(Text] On the first Sunday of February of this year, the Anglican cathedral of
St.. Mary, in downtown Johannesburg, was filled and, for the first time in

its history, the church benches accommodated, side by side, the cream of the
white business community and leaders of black movements against racism. It
was before this audience that Bishop Desmond Tutu delivered the sermon which
he would describe a few hours later as the most important one of his life.

It was the official ceremony for the swearing-in of the first black archbishop
of the Anglican Church in Johannesburg.

And Tutu added a political bombshell to the solemity of the event. In a
sermon read by candle light, the prelate said: "On this occasion, I reiterate
the offer made over 10 years ago to act as mediator between the government and
the African National Congress (ANC)." The next sentence was prophetic: "I
pray God that my proposal will be accepted by the men leading this country,
because this may be the last opportunity to prevent a blood bath." Backed by
his international reputation as winner of. the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize, Desmond
Tutu renewed his offer of mediation at a critical time, when influential sectors
of the South African white minority are starting to realize that there is no
solution for the worsening of racial tensions in the country other than a
dialogue with the black movement, which has the support of 78 percent of the
African population and has been fighting racism since 1913.

Sense of Timing

But Prime Minister Pieter Wilhelm Botha, who ignored the award and did not
send any representatives to Tutu's swearing-in as Anglican bishop of Joahnnes-
burg, has kept total silence regarding the proposal for mediation. And there
is every indication that the racist minority will continue to ignore the
appeal, so that it will not have to recognize the political role of a religious
who makes no secret of his contacts with clandestine ANC leaders and who does
not conceal his criticism of racism..

In January, Desmond Tutu attacked the government's weak spot by telling
American reporters that he would give a period of 18 months for the apartheid

71



JPRS-SSA~85-034
23 April 1985

KENYA

UNILATERAL DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE SEEN AS SHAM
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 12 Mar 85 p 6
(Editorial: "Planned UDI by SA Fools Nobody"]

[Text] ‘THE South African racist regime has come to a crisis}

and is now being doltish as it plans to launch a
unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) in Nam-;
bia by June this year. In doing so, the regime hopes:
to overcome its crisis by playing the humble oaf. -
© Weare told that South Africa intends to use its few
‘puppets in Namibia to announce the sham in-j
dependence and continue to control the destiny af
Namibians through the puppets.
"The interest of the puppets of course is narrow and
selfish and will be content with dancing on a string pull-;
ed from Pretoria so long as their selfish interests are)
met. They will be doing so at the cost of abusing the
dignity of the people of this continent.

Such puppets are among the worst enemies of Africa
and should be aware that Africa will not allow them
‘to. succeed. with their insidious intentions whatever
power they are accorded with by their racist masters.

Namibians of course, will not accept to. be treated.
to fake independence and we in the rest of the conti-.
nent are not equally going to accept such a spittle in
our eyes. The current plans by South Africa are only"

moves. Such moves include recruitment of
Namibian black adult men into the army to counteract
the intensified war against South . African troops aoa
cessfully waged by Swapo.' ~
Uaforsunatey for South Africa, the caire Namibian

population is r is.rallying behind Swapo.
described in Nairobi last ‘Sunday by’

Swapo’s President Sam: Nujoma as operating like the
notorious German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, is.only too ;
aware that he has no chance of winning in Namibia
hence hi his desperate moves. Seca jaca

CSO: 3400/884

32



SUCCESS OR FAILURE OF NKOMATI AFTER ONEEYEAR EXAMINED

Unknown MNR Backers
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Mar 85 p pai
[Article by Peter Sullivan]

ANC bases removed, Nkomati
was the breakthrough for week-long talks which
enabled conservative Western ended in the Declaration of
leaders to give the two Bothas Pretoria, a document supposed
: to be a prelude to peace. This
also put the has also failed. ‘
plight of Southern Africa into If, and it is a big if, South
with news reports , Africa is not supporting the
Mozambique’s inability’ MNR, who is? Current theory
to feed its people. + is that the term MNR is used
Nkomati set the Africa spe-- too loosely, and that the forces
cialists agog: nobody had dared battling against President Ma-
to predict it, and the “toenader- chel include elements of the
Marxist state and MNR, plain bandits and unbap-
' Frelimo soldiers who have

gs
H
t
&
z


| - JPRS-SsA~85-034
23 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

BUMPER MAIZE HARVEST PREDICTED
Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 20 Mar 85 p 1

[Text] Zimbabwe's farmers should sell more than $1 000 million of produce this
year, breaking the billion dollar barrier for the first time, the Minister of Ag-
riculture, Senator Denis Norman, said yesterday.

More than $350 million of that billion dollars should come from the sale of maize
to the Grain Marketing Board with Sen Norman expecting deliveries to GMB depots
to total almost two million tonnes, up to half from peasant farmers.

He told our Harare correspondent yesterday that the peasant sector would account
for 45 to 50 percent of total deliveries to the GMB, more than doubling last year's
Yrecord delivery of 380 000 tonnes.

Before Independence peasant farmers never delivered more than 80 000 tonnes, well
under a tenth of what is expected this year.

Besides the almost two million tonnes to be delivered to the GMB, farmers would
Tetain almost one million tonnes for their own consumption, giving a national
maize crop of almost three million tonnes.

By the end of this month, Sen Norman said, carry-over stocks would amount to about
450 000 tonnes. Setting aside a generous 900 000 tonnes for local sales and

500. 000 tonnes for the country's strategic reserve. "I will have almost one mil-
lion jtonnes to export."

Sen Norman said he expected little difficulty finding export markets and even
South Africans could be buying Zimbabwean maize. The South Africans were now
reassessing their needs, negotiations having been opened with Zimbabwe, but there
was still a chance grain could be.sold there.

Iron in Fire
Other neighbours likely to need Zimbabwean grain included Botswana, Zambia, Mo~

zambique and Angola. A number of multi-lateral donor agencies had expressed
interest in buying maize from Zimbabwe.

113



i
i :

“2 | f SPRS-SSA-85-034

SR 1) 83 Apedl dogs

: cs -

MOZAMBIQUE

PRIORITIES IN BEIRA CONSTRUCTION SECTOR FOR 1985 STUDIED

* Bedra DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 13 Mar 85 pp 8-9

[Text] Priorities: War Plan and Recovery of What Exists

The war plan is currently the focus of attention for the construction and
water sector in Sofala. At the moment, the rationale is to mobilize workers
and material resources to construct quarters to house the soldiers, to dig

or recover roads in order to allow for the forces' advancement;also the opening
or improvement of landing strips for aircraft, as well as other aspects that
will simultaneously require the production of construction materials. For
the construction and water sector, 1985 represents, fn the final analysis,

the concentration of 75 percent of the activities on the plan to recover the
existing projects; specifically, the social infrastructures, including the
Beira Central Hospital, schools and roads. The remaining 25 percent is asso-
ciated with the works in progress, such as the finishing of the ATCM premises,
the teachers center in Manga, the rehabilitation of the port of Beira within
the SADCC [Southern African Development Coordination Conference] context, the
recovery of the ceramics industry in Inhamizua and the production of cement,
stone and fiber cement, in addition to the program to clean up the environment
and to supply water to the city of Beira.

The situation in that important sector was described by its provincial director,
Adelino Ribeiro, in an interview granted to the news media in Beira, in which
the directors of the protected enterprises, namely, DIMAC, the water ‘enterprise,
APIE, the latrine construction project and also the secretaries of the party
gells and the provincial directorate's trade union committee, took part.

This meeting lasted nearly 3 hours and at it, not only were questions brought
up, but there was also progress in a more detailed analysis of the issue; as
in the case of the. question of APIE, which prompted further discussion and
aroused many doubts, some of which will be dispelled at a meeting to be
scheduled at a suitable time. .

Adelino Ribeiro paved the way for the debate with a candid remark: "APIE is a
very big pain. It has been very difficult to organize, but work has been
started by the construction sector. Some problems were discovered, but we
have not managed to solve them completely, because all of APIE's problems can
only be solved as a result of the population's reports.

49



UPRS-SSA-85-034
a 23 April 1985
Benefits in Question ~

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Mar 85 p 11

{Article by Joao Santa Rita]

[Text] Mozambique has gained little or nothing from the Nkomati Accord while
South Africa has reaped most of the benefits from it, economists and politi-
cal observers have told The Star.

Neen nay SEE SE ee Epearcenl
but 02 March 16 1984 on a stretch of no-man’s-land on the:

banks of the Nkomati River, President Samora Machel!

of Mozambique and the then Prime Minister of South.

Africa, Mr P W Botha, signed a non-agression treaty be~

tween the two countries. Now experts agree that peace

and economic development in the region are as elusive
as ever. JOAO SANTA RITA reports.

Africa Institute, said that Pre-!
toria had reaped more benefits |
from Nkomati — particularly ©
in the security aspect. {

tion is worsening. They worked '
on the simplistic assumption '
that once South Africa stop;

the MNR the move-
die.
to

i

economic co-operat
fields of tourism, railways and

ports.

“But the Mozambique securi-
ty affects and will
continue to
else,”

g
a
2

k

i
i
?

1

be

ee
BE.
*B

|

affect everything
Professor Hough said.
He said that South Africa
had benefited dramatically
from the accord which resulted
in a reduction last year of ANC
activities

i

ne
il

E
i
é
i

t Anarchy Reported
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Mar 85 p 11

Today all 10 Mozambican provinces
are affected by rebel activity and, in
some of them, there has been a total
breakdown of law and order.

A Maputo businessman, who recent-
ly visited Johannesburg, said this was
happening throughout the country.

“Law and order is breaking down
into total anarchy in some areas.”

[Text] A year after the pomp and extrava-
ganza of the Nkomati Accord the Mo-
zambique National Resistance (MNR)
can look back and say that it has
achieved what it promised to do a

ago.

In April last year, less than a month
after ti, an MNR spokesman
told The Star that the war would be
intensified. ’ :

45°

Efe



1985

-SSA-85-034

JPRS:
23 April

{
|
|

AFRICA

POLICE ASK BOTSWANA AID IN TRACKING DOWN ANC KILLERS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 16 Mar 85 p 3

[Article by Patrick Laurence and Dianna Games]

te Ht i: at a uf aie lie
ey
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a,

3

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ia

Mr Le
conviction,
3400/887

cso:

14


Studies in Latin America where 60 per cent of the. “foreign direct investment stock
existed showed that the bulk of the investment is tiade from credit obtained from
banks in the host country.

Mwalimu Nyere said foreign investment also meant permanent outflow of dividends.
Transnationals are known to under-invoice exports and over-invoice imports to
siphon out more money. .

"In 1981 and 1982, profit remittances amounted to 200 per cent of foreign direct
investment inflows into-Third World countries--another massive net payment from
the poor to the rich at a time of trouble", he said.

The President reitereated his position that the wholesale acceptance of IMF pack-
ages cannot work miracles for Third World economies. -

He said Tanzania, which has been negotiating with the financial institution for
the last five years, wanted to reach an acceptable agreement with it.

"But we can only reach an agreement on terms which would benefit our people, and
not do irreversible damage to our economy and to the political and social sta-
bility of our country", he stressed.

For example, he said, the IMF was asking Tanzania to raise the prices paid to
farmers by 40 per cent in real terms at a time of falling international prices,
when the national income was declining and when the real value of wages and salar-
fes in the urban areas has already declined by more than 50 per cent over the last
five years.

Meanwhile, Mwalimu has drawn the attention of the world commmity to a decline in
official transfers from the Rich to the Poor. He said Holland was one of only
five of the 24 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) coun-
tries which had reached or exceeded the accepted official development assistance
(ODA) target.

Developed countries are required to extend 0.7 per cent of their Gross National
Product in official transfer to the poor but the actual transfer averaged 37 per
cent in 1983.

World Bank projections show that grants and loans to sub-Saharan Africa will this
year drop to 102bn/- (six billion US dollars) from 141.1bn/- in 1982.

The President said aid was increasingly being given bilaterally and then used for
the political purposes of the donor country rather than to meet the needs of the
recipients. . .

“There is an increased openness with which USA and some other donors allocate so-
called 'aid' to promote their own ideological purposes, their own foreign poli-
cies or their own industries regardless of the interests of needy recipients," he
said.

84


BRIEFS

CCCE LOANS--France's Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique (Central
Economic Cooperation Fund) has provided two credits to Madagascar amounting
to 175 million francs. The first, of 98 million francs, is to renovate the
national railway network, particularly with regard to rolling stock. The
second will finance the resumption of coffee growing on the east coast.
(Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 9 Mar 85 p 7]

INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAM--The French-language television programme "Magazine de
1'Ocean Indien," which developed under the agreement signed January 30 at
Saint Denis de la Reunion between the broadcasting companies of Madagascar
(RTM), Mauritius (MBC) and Reunion (RFO), was shown for the first time on
February 23, in Madagascar. Comprising cultural and sports items provided by
the three islands, it will be broadcast once a month by each television sta-
tion. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Mar 85 p 8]

SOVIET AIRCRAFT AID~-The Soviet Union this week handed over to Madagascar a
batch of spare parts worth 400,000 dollars for the general overhaul of two
small Yak-40 liaison aircraft belonging to the Malagasy naval air service.
According to the daily Madagascar Matin, this gift will soon be topped up by
a three million dollar loan to enable other aircraft, three Mil Mi-8 helicop-
ters, three Antonov An-26 transports and a dozen MiG#21 fighters of the coun-
try's air force to be maintained. Furthermore, a fourth An-26 is expected to
be delivered soon. Only six Soviet experts are now said to be still working
at the Ivato air base near Antananarivo, the remainder having been replaced
by 74 Malagasy technicians who underwent training courses in the Soviet Union
in 1984. This new aid from Moscow comes as most of Madagascar's air force
has been grounded for several months. Negotiations took place between
Antananarivo and Paris for French aircraft to fill the gap, but financing was
not available. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Mar 85
p 6)

cso: 3400/: 823

39



JPRS-SSA-85-034
"23 April 1985

SOME WHITES RETURNING
Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 18 Mar 85 p 6

[Text] Soon after the majority rule elections almost five years ago, there was a
mad rush by whites to leave the country because they could not stomach the idea
of living in a country ruled by blacks.

Most left through total ignorance, the Smith: regime propaganda machinery having
instilled in their minds for over 15 years of UDI that once the "terrorists" took
over power there would be chaos. .

The Western Press did not do much to help the situation either. They fuelled the
fears with talk of an Angola-type civil war soon after Independence. Nothing of
the sort has happened.

Unfortunately, however; there were the Entumbane One and Two disturbances in 1980
and 1981 and the Western Press sat back and relaxed hoping the beginning of the
end had come. . .

What they had all along predicted was a last happening. The Government quickly
and swiftly quelled the violence and peace soon returned to the newly Independent
Republic.

For a country that had just come out of a bitter and protracted bush war, the Entum-
bane fighting which claimed hundreds of lives, was to be expected and measures
were taken to ensure there was no repeat of such violence.

Meanwhile the white exodus continued. Whites left in their hundreds mostly for
South Africa. The so-called decent ones ‘headed for Canada, Australia, Britain
and various other parts of the world.

But as the black Government slowly settled down and got to grips with major is~
sues at hand, the number of quitters began to drop.

Periodic figures of emigrants showed a decline while at the same time several
people came to Zimbabwe to fill the gaps caused by the exodus.

One thing the statistics do not show, however, is that among those coming to

fill the gaps in some cases are whites who had gapped it to South Africa and
elsewhere.

109



“__ “YPRS-SSA-85-034

“. + 23 April 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

New Belgian Role in Africa Examined
(AFRIKA POST, Jan 85)..cecceccccccccccsceccccccacecccccces

Complexities of Power Struggle Preclude End to War
(Guenther Krabbe; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 25 Feb 85).......

Details on Indian Ocean Seminar Given
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 2 Mar 85)...sseescecccceseees

ANGOLA.

UNTA Ends Department Meeting in Luanda
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 3 Mar 85)..

UNITA's Savimbi Warns Portugal, Knows of Mercenaries
~ (O DIA, 16 Mar’ 85; TEMPO, 15-21 Mar 85)..sseessccscscccoeee
Coutinho-Recruited Mercenaries °
Coutinho's Business Activities

Namibe Party Provincial Committee Meeting |
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 2 Mar 85)..ccccescecccececsccsceceecees

Military Medicine Workshops Under Way in Luanda
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 2 Mar 85)......

Huila Provincial Commissariat Opens Meetings oo
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, -2 Mar 85)..sceccccccccesccccccccccsceees

Party Analyzes Sugar Emergency Program
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 1 Mar 85).....esccseseees

Uije Coffee Enterprise To Increase Production
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 2 Mar 85) .cccceccecccscccccccccccccesces

1

6

9

10

12

12

14

16

17

19

20


(~ ee ee :

| QPRS-SSA-85-034 ~

DoF os |. 23 April 1985)

ZIMBABWE

RURAL PLAN TO TACKLE JOB CRISIS
Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Mar 85 p 1

[Text] A draft plan for developing the communal areas predicts that over the next
five years there will be at least 15 000--and possibly as many as 30 000-——job
seekers each year who will have to find work in the communal sector.

The 15-year blueprint, drafted by the Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rural
Development in conjunction with other ministries, is being debated at a national
workshop in Juliasdale.

The draft says that at projected levels of economic growth over the next five
years non-communal area job opportunities will accommodate no more than 75 percent
of the 60 000 likely net additions to the national workforce.

"The economy as currently envisaged cannot generate sufficient jobs to absorb
the addition of the labour force each year, and certainly cannot eliminate the
backlog of the unemployed that already exists."

To tackle unemployment fhe possibilities for creating more jobs in the agricul-
tural and other sectors should be urgently re-examined, says the draft.

Even though resettlement has helped reduce Zimbabwe's communal population from
-5,7 million in 1980 to 4,1 million, a further 1,6 million people will have to be
planned for by the year 2000 to transform the communal areas, says the blueprint.

The Government fears that the communal areas' population will still be over four
million in five years and perhaps even higher than the 1980 "crisis" level.

Of the 1980 total an estimated 1 040 000 were in full-time farming. Each person
in the communal areas in 1980 occupied about 4,04 ha, but this is estimated to
drop in the next five years to 3,88 ha. .

Resettlement will occupy about eight million ha of large-scale commercial land,
leaving settlers occupying 22 percent of the country. .

“Even though they (the settlers) will be sited in the less favourable agro-ecolo-
gical zones, they will still be a major component in the agricultural economy,
providing employment, incomes and subsistence for an estimated 13 percent of the
population.”

102


JPRS-SSA-85-034 —
23 April 1965

"CITY PRESS' POLL REVEALS SUPPORT FOR ANC
Sao Paulo FOLHA DE SAO PAULO in Portuguese 9 Mar 85 p 16

[Text] Over half the black population backs the clandestine party, African
National Congress (ANC), the goal of which is the overthrow of the white
minority government by force., This was the result shown by a poll taken by
the newspaper CITY PRESS.

In its edition yesterday, the newspaper, whose readers are essentially black,
gave 56 percent of the vote to ANC. Its former leader, Nelson Mandela,
sentenced to life imprisonment 22 years ago, heads the list, with 18.5
percent of the total.

CITY PRESS comments: "Although the backing from the vast majority for ANC is
clear, its opposition to the government of the Nationalist Party and to those
collaborating with it is even greater." The present leader of ANC, Oliver

Tambo, ranks second, with 14.9 percent of the vote. The Anglican bishop and
holder of the Nobel Peace Prize, Desmond Tutu, ranks third, with 9.7 percent.

Yesterday, 12 black South African student leaders were arrested by the police

in Capetown on charges of having participated in an allegedly illegal demon-
stration 4 months ago. The demonstration, which took place on 14 November,

was held in protest against the imprisonment, without a trial, of Kate Philip,
then head of the National Students Union. Most street demonstrations are banned
as illegal in South Africa. :

Colin Kahanovitz, vice chairman of the student council at Capetown University,
remarked: “We consider those imprisonments an.attempt to create obstacles against
the legitimate opposition to apartheid. However, such acts will not intimidate
us. We shall continue our opposition to apartheid."

2909
CSO: 3442/208

62



JPRS-SSA-85-034

23 April 1985

JAPAN DONATION FOR ROAD REPAIR

age 3 ee

ii i

Hal! ii
et Fh re

jie vi

Fa re neh

Weed ul ; jai

| als ha 8a8fag! it i

Teel

Harare THE HERALD in English 22 Mar 85 p 3

[Text]

3400/900

cso



ee

JPRS-SSA~85-034
23 April 1985

BRIEFS

KILOSA RECEIVES IRISH AID-—Irish Minister of State Responsible for Development
Co-operation James D'Keefee has pledged a 3m/- additional aid for Irish-aided
projects in Kilosa District, Morogoro Region. Speaking at a reception hosted in
his honour by the Morogoro Regional Commissioner, Ndugu Chrisant Mzindakaya in
Kilosa on Monday the Irish Minister said "here and now I am granting additional
allocation so that the present progress can proceed at an accelerated pace"
Shihata reported. Over 50 per cent of Irish aid to Tanzania, he went on, was con-
centrated in Kilosa District. The Irish Development Cooperation (IDC) Programme
in the district covers agriculture, engineering and road construction, health,
small scale industries, education and forestry projects. Total Irish development
assistance to Tanzania in 1984 amounted to 40,375,750/-. This year it stands at
17,000,000/-. A-standby electricity generator and the laying of a new water sup-
ply system to the hospital were mentioned by the Minister as immediate items of
aid expenditure. Paying tribute to the people and the Government of the Republic
of. Ireland, Ndugu Mzindakaya said the IDC programme had created a tremendous
impact in the region. He said prompt implementation of Irish projects in Kilosa
District enabled the regional leadership to solve a number of critical problems
previously experienced in the area. O'Keefee is accompanied by Irish Ambassador
to Tanzania Michael Green and Tanzania Commissioner for External Finance at. the
Treasury T. Kibwana. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 12 Mar 85 p 3]

YOUTH PAYS DUES--The Tanzania Youth Organisation (VIJANA) yesterday contributed
255,000 (15,000 US dollars) to the Pan African Youth Movement (PYM) as its annual
contribution for three years starting 1983. VIJANA had not paid its contribution
of 510,000/- to the Movement for each year for the past three years. A cheque
for the amount was handed to the PYM Assistant Secretary General Hamadoun Ise-
bere by the VIJANA Secretary General, Ndugu Mohamed Seif Khatib, at a short
ceremony held at the VIJANA headquarters in Dar es Salaam. Ndugu Khatibu said
though Tanzania was experiencing serious economic hardships, VIJANA had found it
necessary to pay its contributions to enable PYM execute its objectives. [Text]
{Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in Baglish 10 Mar 85 p 1)

97



: JPRS-SSA-85-034
- 23 April 1985

_ ~ COMOROS

DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH MAURITIUS ESTABLISHED
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Mar 85 p 2

[Text] Continuing diplomatic moves begun several months ago with the aim of
bringing the country out.of the isolation in which it had been locked almost
since independence, the Comoros announced on February 25 that it was estab-
lishing diplomatic relations with Mauritius, at ambassador level. At the
same time, an envoy of President Ahmed Abdallah, his chief of staff Ahmed
Ali Ahmed, arrived in Antananarivo with a message from President Didier
Ratsiraka. Almost certainly, Madagascar and the Comoros will soon be renew-
ing the diplomatic relations which the former broke off in 1978 in the wake
of President Abdallah's return to power with the support of mercenaries.

However, on the occasion of Mr Ali's visit President Ratsiraka revealed that
the visit of the president of Air Madagascar to Comoros a month ago was
linked to the discovery of a plot against his regime by Malagasies and South
Africans.

Additionally, the United States is expected to open an embassy soon in the
Comoros. | It will be located provisionally in a villa belonging to the com-
mander of the presidential guard, Major Charles. There are plans to construct
a new building in the future. However, President Abdallah has refused, in
spite of pressing demands by Moscow's ambassador in the Seychelles, Mikhail
Orlov, to allow the opening of a Soviet Embassy in Moroni. But to maintain
some sort of balance the president has accepted grants for 13 Comorian stu-
dents who left last year to attend Moscow's Lumumba university.

CSO: 3400/823

22


It should be noted that there will be participating in the meetings of each
sector the respective provincial delegate, the directors of enterprises,
municipal delegates, officials of production units and coordinators of the
party, party youth and trade union agencies, as well as other workers nominat-
ed by the provincial delegate. ‘

In this speech at the opening session, Jose Sumbo, commenting on. the province's
economic activity last year, said that he had heard of some improvements over
the previous year, particularly in the management system.

However, he went on to say, the failure to fulfill that occurred was not based
only on the war situation being experienced in certain areas, the complete
lack of equipment and the meager supply of raw material and replacement parts,
but also on subjective factors.

Among the weaknesses that he noted, Jose Sumbo cited the almost complete
absence of control activity, the meager requirements for the performance of
tasks and for fulfillment of decisions from above, as well as the slight degree
of implementation of the laws, among others. a

2909
cso: 3442/216

18



|; JPRS-SSA-85-034
mene | 23 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

NEW ENVOY TO CANADA HOPES FOR INCREASED TRADE
Harare THE HERALD in English 22 Mar 85 p 4

[Text] Zimbabwe's new high commissioner. to Canada, Cde Stanislaus Chigwedere,
has expressed the hope that relations between Zimbabwe and Canada will not only
be consolidated, but expanded through increased trade and investment.

Presenting his credentials to the Governor-General, Madame Jeanne Sauve, in the
Canadian capital, Ottawa, last week Cde Chigwedere said: "Zimbabwe is determined
to broaden and deepen the excellent relations which so happily exist between our
countries. It is our hope and wish that the co-operation between us will not
only be consolidated, but also expanded where possible through increased trade
and investment."

He thanked Canada for its assistance to Zimbabwe since independence and particu-~
larly for Canada's efforts to alleviate the effects of the drought.

In reply, Madame Sauve said that Canada recognised that Zimbabwe's geographic,
economic and political position gave the country a central role in developing
Southern Africa.

"Zimbabwe has a special opportunity to-set an example of reconciliation and poli-
tical tolerance in Africa," she said.

Canada is funding 17 projects in Zimbabwe's rural and urban areas and there are
over 100 Canadian teachers in rural secondary schools, primary teacher training
institutions. and producer cooperatives.

Cde Chigwedere is a graduate of the University of Zimbabwe and taught for a number
of years before being appointed editor of Hansard and later Deputy Secretary in
the Prime Minister's Office.

He succeeds Cde S. Mehta who was. Zimbabwe's first high commissioner to Canada.

cso: 3400/886

101



JPRS-SSA~85-034.
23 April 1985

ARMS SUPPLY TO MOZAMBICAN REBELS DENIED
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 22 Mar 85 p 6 -
[Editorial] ° .

[Text] The racist South African leaders are well known for empty babbling in

their propaganda campaign to maintain the apartheid system. Babbling is even
worse when it comes from a myopic mind and Pik Botha, the South African foreign
minister embodies the two--babbling and myopia. For this reason, nobody in in-
dependent Africa and the enlightened world takes him seriously. But empty babbling
can still be annoying and in the South African case, it is used to blight the
hopes of independent Africa. When Pik Botha attempts to associate Kenya with

arms supply to Mozambican rebels, he is acting as a babbling blighter to annoy
both Kenya and Mozambican governments, only this time he went too far, his babbling
sounds like the cliches of an old clown performing before an empty house.

In Kenya, peace has never been the illusion it is in South Africa. Our desire is
that this real peace in Kenya should spread to the continent. That means, for
Kenya, the dismantling of the apartheid system.

Kenya has emerged as a model for political stability in Africa. A model that
demonstrates to the dislike of the South African regime, that an African country
can govern itself well and maintain peace and order. Our record is clear in our
support for the Organisation of African Unity Charter and member states. Our
success story also stems from our major pre-occupation with nation building and
therefore having no time to interfere in the internal affairs of other states.

Pretoria is not happy about our record and hence the cheap smear campaign to soil
our image. It does not in the least, surprise us though it annoys us.

So despite the needling attacks from Botha, we shall not be moved. Our conscience
and our stand is clear and we therefore back our high commissioner to Zimbabwe,
Mr Philip Mbai, in putting the record straight. We have at no time been involved
in such arms supply and South Africa would be better advised as Mbai put it, to
cease its dirty manoeuvres and wild adventures aimed at distabilising neighbour-

ing black states and continuously dragging Kenya's name to shift attention from
herself.

If South Africa has killed the Nkomati Accord herself then she should not turn to
Kenya for a scapegoat. Picking on Kenya is childishly ridiculous and silly.

30


"They thought by leaving the country they were fixthg “the Government, but it
turned out that in South Africa for. instance, rent, -among other ‘things, is very
high. .

“after being used to the fairly easy life in this country, you just don't fit
easily into the South African or British way of life."

This black Zimbabwean couldn't have summed up better. After all, most of the white
politicians who have been warning the white community of the chaos to follow after
black rule are themselves still in the country.

cso: 3400/889

111



JPRS-SSA-85-034
_ 2B April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

LIBERATED FAMILIES IN _ZAMBEZIA RECEIVE arD wae

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 11 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] More than 1,000 people who had been living in areas under the influence
of the armed bandits in Maganja da Costa district, of Zambezia Province, are
receiving assistance from the local party and state agencies.

The secretary of the district committee for defense, who gave this information,
added that some of these people have been integrated into an accommodation
center, and’others have been taken to a residential area of the district
headquarters.

The same source also remarked that, at the accommodation center an elementary
school is already operating, for the children of the families housed there.

In the meanwhile, the party and state agencies in that administrative zone
are creating conditions to enable the individuals involved to start agricultural
production.

Determined Peasants

Other reports coming from Zambezia indicate that the peasants from the locality
of Chapala, in Alto Molocue district, are intensifying the work on farm
production and defense of the fatherland this year, two priority tasks
established by the Fourth Congress of the FRELIMO Party.

|
Ina recent meeting with the party's first secretary and administrator of that >
Yegion, the peasants expressed their determination to participate in combating
the armed bandits. Hence, they will start making traditional weapons.

During the meeting, the administrator of Alto Molocue noted that the solution

to the problem of famine and armed bandits in our country requires the active,
conscious participation of all the Mozambican people.

2909 :
CSO: 3442/226

54


"Mr Mugabe wants new blood. There are a lot of high=performers in the party who
have proved themselves in the past five years. Théy are waiting in the wings to
be called after the election. .

"In the early days the Prime Minister had bad advisers ‘from overseas.

"Those have now drifted away and the government is relying more on local white
business opinion."

His optimism that there will be sound economic management by the government is
borne out by the comments of the Information Mfrister.

Dr Shamuyarira says the government is aware that its biggest challenge will be in
reviving the economy, and particularly expanding the jobs market.

"We had a growth rate of 14 percent at independence. Last year it was minus
two," he said.

Dr Shamuyarira said the government had identified that one of its economic priori-
ties on the road to recovery was to get Zimbabwe's manufacturing capacity—which
strank with the exodus of white businessmen--back to full capacity.

CSO: 3400/889

108


laws to be changed. If nothing happened, he woutd be willing to head an
international campaign to convince American business firms that they should
stop all their activities in South Africa. .

This was another indication of Tutu's sense of political timing; because,
since the end of last year, Prime Minister Botha has been attempting to mini-
mize the international reactions against apartheid, at a time when the South
African economy.is experiencing its worst crisis since the end of World War
II, and has a dramatic need to find commercial partners beyond its borders.

Botha expected the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize winner to be in an embarrassing
situation at the end of January, when the ANC leader, Nelson Mandela, imprison-
ed for 22 years, refused a proposal made by the government calling for his
release in exchange for renouncing violence. But the almost unanimous accep-
tance of Mandela's arrogant refusal by the blacks ended up reinforcing the
position of Tutu, who has always blamed the whites and racism for the violent
discrimination imposed on nearly 20 million Africans, officially categorized

as foreigners or second-class citizens in their own country.

Solution for Negotiation

Even while claiming that all his positions are guided by a Christian, apostolic
view, the bishop of Johannesburg is actually a political person today. Internal-
ly, he is not the only religious leader who has overtly defied the power of

the white minority. But on the international level his prestige has not
stopped growing. His’most recent statements have all been addressed to the
external audience, because he is convinced that, without pressure from outside,
the struggle to give blacks the same rights as whites in South Africa will be
far longer and more traumatic. Within his native land, Desmond Tutu's prestige
is less than that of Nelson Mandela. But abroad, particularly in Europe and
the United States, there is a growing number of politicians and businessmen
who see in the restless bishop of Johannesburg the only alternative for a
negotiated solution to the stalemate regarding apartheid.

2909
CSO: 3442/208

72


the opposition Democratic Front. For several yéars the government has been
trying to launch some sort of newspaper, but has not been able-to find a satis-
factory formula. Last July France and the Comoros signed two agreements for
French financing of a written news publication (probably appearing monthly) and
of a FM radio network. [Text] [Paris THE MAIN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English

2 Mar 85 p 5]

cso: 3400/823

24



-SSA-85-034
23 April 1985

SWAPO REPRESENTATIVE ATTACKS RACISM, ZIONISM, LINKAGE
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 14 Mar 85 p 1
{Article by Lucas Liganga]

[Text] The policies of racist South Africa, the occupation of Namibia, zionism
in the Middle East and the foreign policies of the Reagan Administration contin-
ued to be strongly denounced by various African youth movements here, yesterday.

In her message to the Pan African Youth Movement (PYM) Conference, a representa-
tive of the youth wing of SWAPO asked the Movement to support and push for UN
mandatory sanctions against apartheid South Africa.

The representative, Ndugu Selma Ashipala said the continental movement must re-
ject the linkage issue of Cuban troops in Angola with the independence of Namibia
as proposed by the Reagan Administration. "We demand implementation of UN Se-
curity Council Resolution 435", the delegate stressed.

She also asked the Movement to organise solidarity manifestation in their countries
and fund raising campaigns for the liberation war.

The PYM, she said, could also arrange working visits in consultation with SWAPO
to camps in Angola and Zambia and see the odd living conditions Namibian freedom
fighters faced.

On successes scored by SWAPO, Ndugu Ashipala said the Organisation had eliminated
thousands of South Africa ntroops, expanded their zone of operation, ‘captured
several weapons in various battles and these, she added, had resulted into the
recent talks between the Boers and SWAPO freedom fighters.

She noted that the so-called constructive engagement between South Africa and the
Reagan Administration had turned to be "destructive engagement" resulting into the
intensification of all round political, material and moral support to bandits of
UNITA and MNR with the aim of destabilising the Frontline States.

Most messages which were read yesterday to the General Conference expressed soli-
darity with liberation movements in Africa, Latin America and the Middle East.

Other messages were read by delegates from youth organisations of Seychelles,

Sudan, Guinea Bissau, Cape Verde, Senegal, Congo, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic,
Mozambique and the African National Congress (ANC) of South Africa.

90


deteriorating and its Lagos Plan of economic development “from 1980 points
to the proper course. The promotion of intra-African cooperation is also
a Belgian concern. .

As a country with a long Africa tradition. Belgium knows better than
anyone that everyone on the continent cannot be treated alike but must
be dealt with individually. Although relations with one group of
countries must. be oriented mainly along humanitarian lines, those to
other groups can be based on self-complementing interests.

“Africa for the Africans" and “release the continent from the East-West
conflict" are, seen politically, the two central themes of the Belgian
attitude. Brussels is not so. convinced, however, of the rituals of the
"North-South Dialog," which is regarded as a simplification of little
use, for the relations are in reality much more complicated. Ideologies
are more likely to split, according to Belgian understanding, than to
join. Non-alignment and global solutions seem to Belgium to be the most
appropriate stance on.Africa's many troubles.

Belgium itself refrains from any intervention in inter-African affairs,
pursues nonpolitical goals and’ looks for no.zone of influence, which,
however, is not to be taken as a lack of interest. If competing in
and for Africa, Belgium will be neither political nor strategic, but
will focus on economic aspects. "Ouverture," openness toward Africa,
and realism. in its relations with the continent—this is the Brussels’
tecipe, which seems to promise mostly success, for shaping its destiny
in its ow interests as well as those of Europe and Africa.

12399
CsO: 3420/36



(owe

JPRS-SSA-85-034
23 April 1985

FIFTY-EIGHT PERCENT OF SOWETANS LIVING BELOW PAR
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Mar 85 p 3
[Article by Kate McKinnel1]

[text] Finj-eight uae a “hee ec aeeaeesee eo eee
Percent of Sowetan house- le why had lost their jobs.
holds live below the Household Effec- : Bai 2 pecan nterbasee ee ste
tive Line (HEL), a study last year recession, while 60 percent said illness
At a cont families in| "oye wonder ;
a conference on families in :
Johannesburg yesterday, Dr David hin pete’ i this ts related mone
We » senior lecturer in social an-- black adults,” said Dr Webster. -
thropology at the University of the: @ while Government statistics show
Witwatersrand, said the HEL is an es- the population of Soweto at just over a
timate of a “reasonable” standard of . million, the study estimates the actual
living Including school and transport Population to be between 1,6 million
Dr Webster said his study showed Other statistics:
that 33,9 percent of Sowetans were un- ©The population density is 100 people
employed last year. If participation in‘ @ hectare compared to 23 people a
the informal sector was discounted, hectare in central Johannesburg.
this rose to 81,6 percent unemployed. @On average there are 10 people to a:

@ About 23 000 families are li ille-
gally in Soweto, ne .

CSO: 3400/887

73



f
| ;
| JPRS-SsA-85-034
- | 23 april ises

BRIEFS

SASS BOMBED HOUSE—-The South African Suicide Squad has claimed responsibility for
the bombing of the houses of mayor of Soweto Mr Edward Kunene and the Rev Sam
Buti in Alexandra. In a telephone message to THE SOWETAN a spokesman of the
Organisation said: "We will go on hitting them until they resign their present
Positions. We bomb them because they collaborate with the Government against

the people of South Africa." [Tex¢] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 26 Mar 85

P 3] .

UITENHAGE CASUALTIES—-The Black Sash in the Eastern Cape have been asked to help
trace 96 people since Thursday's violence in Uitenhage--and have been unable to
ascertain the fate of 24 of them. Mrs Molly Blackburn said that of the 96, the
Sash had found 39 in hospital, 21 in jail and 12 had been killed. The number
missing tallies exactly with the difference between the official death toll of

19 killed in Thursday's incident and a reported death toll of 43 from township
sources. The sources allege that 40 people died in the first hail of police

fire on Thursday morning and three died later in hospital. He was quoted "sources
in the Uitenhage provincial hospital". Police spokesmen have consistently de-
nied that the death toll in the incident is higher than the official figure of
19. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 27 Mar 85 p 2)

LATE TRAINS STONED--A rampaging mob of commters yesterday stoned late trains be-
tween Hammanskraal and Pretoria and also refused to be transported in buses.

The incident took place at the Petronella station after the 4am train did not
arrive on time. Commuters started piling on platforms and became impatient as
they realised they would be late for work. Mr Joseph Oliphant, who also travels
daily between the area and town, told THE SOWETAN that people were unhappy about
the manner in which trains were operating. Some have lost their jobs through
being late from time to time. "The 4am train was not there when we arrived at
the station. We waited for more than two hours without knowing what the problem
was. People lost their tempers and started stoning all the trains which were
arriving. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 27 Mar 85 pl]

79



| JPRS-SSA-85-034

. 23 April 1985 °

NEW BELGIAN ROLE IN AFRICA EXAMINED
Bonn AFRIKA POST in German Jan 85 pp 29-31

(Text] Belgium's stormy history as a power in Africa has been peaceful
since the Katanga turmoil. Today "Brussels" stands not only for European
Community cooperation with Africa, but also for a diversified development
policy. .

Until 1960, Belgium was one of the great colonial powers in Africa. Its
possessions there, the Congo—first the private domain of King Leopold

II, then the Congo nation and colony—as well as the mandates of Ruanda-
Urundi, which came under Belgian rule in 1919, exceeded the mother country
many times over in size. The Congo Act of the Berlin Conference of 1994
serves as a landmark in the progressive development of African-European
relations.

Burssels: "Na Mputu"--The Metropolis

The history of the Congo itself was stormy, beginning with the personal
regime of the king of to the _Katangaturmoil of 1960/61 following
independence, the two-and~a-half year secession of the rich copper
province, and the battle over the gigantic Union Miniere. Relations
were severed for 18 months. In contrast, there were no problems in
relations with Ruanda-Urundi, and two former districts of German East
Africa that were awarded to Belgium at Versailles and were administered
as a unit from Bujumbura. They gained indepencence in 1962.

Belgium nevertheless remained a power in Africa, for 80 years of close
contact and experience with this continent are not easily erased. Today,
however, the catchword "Brussels" is associated primarily with the seat
of the European Community, with which practically all African nations
have ties, and which makes the Belgian capital one of the most important
sites of Euro-African cooperation. Still, Belgium also has maintained

a separate relationship with Africa, and it is therefore of interest how
it conceives and fulfills its new African role. Recently, the Belgium
Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation
published a comprehensive document ("La Politique Africaine de la Belgique")
which contains abundant information on this.



Information Minister Dr Nathan Shamuyarira told me “it
would only be introduced after the Lancaster House agreement ran its course.

"Te 4s not around the corner. The Prime Minister has said we need to hold a re-
ferendum to get a general consensus of the population."

Regarded as much more menacing is the Labour Relations Bill. This has alarmed
the farming and business sector.

The Minister of Labour,’ Mr Frederick Shava, told parliament during its third read-
ing: "The Bill is far-sighted...but it is certainly anti-capitalist."

It allows for the establishment of workers’ committees which would have a direct
say in the running of companies.

Sabotage

Mr Shava has also admitted the law makes it possible for workers to take over ail-
ing companies.

If a company runs into financial trouble, the government will intervene and take
over the firm on behalf of the workers.

That has given rise to a major fear among the private sector--that the Bill will
encourage workers to sabotage firms in order to take them over.

Businessmen point out this is a great temptation to workers to deliberately run
down a company so that it can fall into their hands.

Dr Norman Reynolds, former government chief economist and now chief executive of
the independent advisory body, the Zimbabwe Promotion Council, believes there's
a strong chance .the Bill will never get into legislation.

"But it is very worrying and dangerous," he admits.

"I think the Bill was drummed through parliament in anticipation of the election
and hopefully it will not be used, or at least reviewed."

Dampening of radical legislation and a slowing down of the communist rhetoric
would also encourage foreign investment.

"That remains. our big problem," he said. "But there is no:doubt the mood if up.
Local business confidence has improved considerably and company reports indicate
progress.

"White anxiety has settled down."

Reshuffle

Dr Reynolds predicts a major Cabinet reshuffle after the June election.

107

was a-long-term policy which. ~



if
| . JPRS-SSA-85-034
| 23 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ANC LEAFLET DISTRIBUTOR GETS 2-YEAR JAIL SENTENCE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Mar 85 p 6

[Article by Janine Simon]

[Text] A man who admitted indirectly promoting the aims of the African National
Congress (ANC) by distributing pamphlets advocating a boycott of the coloured and
Indian elections, yesterday received an effective two-year jail sentence.

Clyde Matthew Jacobs (26), who was convicted by a Johannesburg regional magistrate
under the same section of the Internal Security Act as social worker Maxine Hart,
was released on R500 bail pending an appeal against his sentence.

Forget Problems

He described how he had coped with solitary confinement after his detention last
August.

" "They gave me a Bible to read. I thought about and analysed the case. You have
to be strong and forget about problems outside," he said.

Jacobs, who has a five-year-old daughter and a son who was three weeks’ old when
he was detained, said he only saw his family three times in the first three months
of confinement.

"Conditions improved when I was sent from John Vorster Square to Johannesburg
Prison--I saw my family once a week."

Maxine Hart had received a three-year prison sentence suspended for five years
from the same magistrate, Mr T J.le Grange, in January.

Passing sentence yesterday, Mr le Grange noted that sentences could not be uniform.

The Hart case indicated that she was "stupid and naive to allow herself to be used
as an“instrument", he said.

Although Jacpbs made a "favourable impression", he had been aware of the provoca-
tive contents of the pamphlets and that they promoted the ANC, and therefore did
not deserve the same sentence, Mr le Grange said.

77



Today the workshop will put forward suggestions to“imptove the draft and when .
the meeting ends tomorrow the national agricultural-and rural development commit-
tee is expected to work out a final draft for Cabinet approval. .

Cso: 3400/886

103



PARTY BRANCHES URGED TO OPEN IDEOLOGICAL CLASSES ON SOCIALISM

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 15 Mar 85 p 3

[article by Halima Shariff]

{Text]

‘PARTY branches have been
urged*-to enhance ideological
classes in a bid to educate andi
activate. members towards:

building Socialism. .
‘The call was made by the Head
of Ideology, Political i
‘and Training Department of the;
Party National Executive Com-:
mittee (NEC) Secretariat, Ndugu
;Kingunge © Ngombale-Mwiru,.
when talking to Party members|
of the Printpak/ Daily News CCM j
.Branch in Dar es Salaam yester!

day.
Ndugu Ngombeie-Mwiru  ex-
pressed concern over the slow!

‘was made by NEC in January
1983,” be said.

He pointed out that so far only
te Kiyukoni Parry leological

lege and the Institute of”
“Finance Management (IFM) Party
branches in Dar es Salaam
Region had heeded the cail.

Ndugu Ngombsle-Mwiru told
the members that the Party was
putting empahasis on educating
its members at all levels and reac-
tivating Party branches because
“through such efforts the measses
will understand, accept and .im-

Tanzania succeed in building
Socialism. He stressed the need

cso: 3400/905

for Party leaders to have a clear
understanding of Party policies to
facilitate implementation of the
laid down objectives. :

Ndugu Ngombale-Mwiru who
was invited by the branch to
discuss the building of. Socialism
in Tanzania, said the Party had.”
since the Arusha Declaration in
1967. overcome several hurdles
and = sometimes committed
mistakes while implementing
some of its policies. . i

He attributed this to lack of?
emphasis in moulding committed
Party members in public in-
stitutions created when the
Government nationalised key sec-
tors of the economy. .

“We. mainly concentrated in
establishing economic structures
and forgot about consolidating |
the Party ideology among{
workers in the ‘nationalised in-
stitutions,” he observed.

There was great need for the
Party to organise itself at all levels:
and ensure that the process of!
reactivating .its branches went:
hand in hand with educating the
masses on co-operative societies
and production, he explained.

Ndugu Ngombale-Mwiru
who. is also Minister of State in:
the Prime Minister's Office. said
the Party was working out a
programme to ensure effective
implementation of the nation’s
objectives.

He called for increased produc-
tion in all sectors of the economy,
to help speed’up economic recon-
struction efforts.

JPRS-SSA-85-034
23 April 1985

TANZANIA



JPRS-SSA~85-034
23 April 1985

that our country will be participating in a "for om" type;
so for the first time at Havana, Cuba, in 1978. [Text] [Maputo-NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 23 Feb 85 p 1] 2909 . .

wong

MINERS RETURNING FROM RSA--The evacuation of Mozambican miners. from the Repub-
lic of South Africa bound for Gaza and Inhambane Provinces began on Tuesday,
when 11 buses carrying over 300 of them drove from Maputo to Palmeira, a site
on which the rainfall caused the bridge over National Highway No I to collapse.
The buses belong to the Oliveiras and South Mozambique Highway enterprises,

and the crossing at the location of the destroyed bridge has been done on foot.
Other buses carrying applicants for mining jobs bound for Maputo are waiting
on the northern side of the road to carry. the miners who have just left the
first ones. This measure was adopted in view of the enormous throng of those
emigrants who, coming from South Africa, have found it impossible to continue
the trip, because of the rain which made the roads unusable. Many of them,

who had a few days' leave, had to return to their job sites because their

days off had been used up. The operation was met with great joy by the miners;
and on the site of the crossing there have been witnessed touching scenes, with
men singing and dancing with happiness, in contrast to the desperation of
others who, carried in their own vehicles, could not cross. [Text] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 23 Feb 85 p 1] 2909

SOVIET DEFENSE ATTACHE SPEAKS--A few days ago, the Soviet Union's military
attache in Mozambique, Anatoliy Kalachnik, speaking to NOTICAS on the occasion
of the 67th anniversay of the Soviet Army and Navy, to be celebrated tomorrow,
declared: "The responsibility of the Armed Forces of the Soviet bloc in the
defense of. the respective countries and for world peace is very great, and
thanks to the presence of powerful armies in that commmity, it has been
possible to guarantee peace during the past 40 years. Unfortunately, that

peace no longer exists throughout the world, as is the desire of all the

peoples. yearning for it. There are still local wars taking place, the essence
of which, if we analyze it deeply, we can conclude to be imperialist ambi-
tions." Anatoliy Kalachnik spoke to NOTICIAS on the occasion of the marking,
this year, of the 67th anniversary of the founding of the Soviet Army and Navy,
whose immediate task an -.after their creation was to combat the

internal counterrevolution and the foreign intervention in that country. After
citing the main accomplishments of the Soviet Armed Forces in the defense of

his country's territorial integrity, and the cooperation that |exists with the
rest of the Socialist community,.the Soviet military attache in Mozambique .
noted that the capitalist bloc's action at this time is what is determining

the Socialist strategy. He said: "It involves the defense of our very survival."
Anatoliy Kalachnik also remarked that the imperialist aggressiveness can only -
be deterred through a powerful force which realizes that the fundamental eneny
at present is imperialist ambitions. After commenting that the essence of the
Soviet Armed Forces and those of the rest of the Socialist community is the
defense of the respective country, from the standpoint of preserving the peace,
that officer ‘observed that the fact that those countries' forces have never
attacked any country for any reason attests to their position of defending

the national cause with the "notion of peace always steadfast." In the course

56


In this matter, the analysis.of which might lead individials to erroneous
interpretations, possibly opposing the legitimacy of the natfonalizations,
a Mozambican journalist bravely discussed the issue during the interview
with the provincial director of construction and water. :

During the course of the interview, the explanation was given by several
speakers, including the director of APIE, who admitted:

“There are nearly 1,000 requests for houses in Beira, and it is difficult to
give a satisfactory response to each one.

"The distribution of housing currently requires a judgment in coordination
with the city and provincial agencies in general, because the previous
action created many upsets."

On this occasion, the APIE director in Sofala, Mouzinho Alberto Carlos, recalled
that, previously, the process of distributing houses was carried out by mobiliz-
ing groups; "which was improper, and which unfortunately caused disastrous
situations. .

"I have at present 250 dwellings with contracts concluded ‘which are still in
an unresolved situation. It is a situation exceeding the limits, but the real
truth is that individuals have raised the problem, but essentially it is not,
in fact, the mobilizing group which has the assignment of managing the houses."

Deterioration of Properties: Increasingly Greater Risks

The risks resulting from the deterioration of the state’s property holdings,
for which APIE is responsible, have assumed increasingly greater proportions
during recent months, owing primarily to. the poor use of the houses by the
tenants, aggravated by the excessive accumulation of individuals in the dwell-
ings. It is either the problems of water leakage or drains bursting or cess-
pools that are clogged, causing great upsets to the community.

According to an investigation conducted by our newspaper, whereas, on the one
hand, there is no capacity for response from the APIE's property maintenance
sector, on the other, the tenants have a responsibility for the situation.

One of the cases which reached the greatest extreme, for example, was the
excessive number of people living in each "flat," at the rate of 10 persons
for a type-1 dwelling with a bathroom; which obviously could not withstand
the burden of requirements in terms of sanitation.

A few days ago, the most flagrant case was discovered on the property of the
Scala pastry shop, where individuals were using a dining room to cook, bathe
and wash clothes on the floor.

A worse situation was just found at the Azul property on Luis Inacio

Street, where a construction and water brigade saw cans, blankets and baskets
in the cesspools extending from it.

52


JPRS-SSA-85-034

veto | 23 April 1985

. ANGOLA

NAMIBE PARTY PROVINCIAL COMMITTEE MEETING.
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 2 Mar 85 p 3

(Text] Namibe--The fifth regular session of the Namibe Provincial Committee
of the MPLA-Labor Party, which ended on Thursday, recorded in its conclusions
a failure'to improve the situation which prevails in the province's
technical-material supplies,particularly in the fishing sector.

The meeting, directed by the coordinator, Fernando Faustino Muteka, after
assessing the activity of the party's provincial committee last year, found
partial fulfillment of the decisions emanating from the previous sessions,
recommending greater dynamism in the tasks undertaken by that agency.

Inasmuch as the provincial delegations and state enterprises are still engaged
in holding the leadership council meetings, the competent organs were instruct-
ed to require the fulfillment thereof.

The participants in the plenary meeting took note of violations committed by
certain delegates and directors, associated with failure to appear at the
central political functions relating to dates of special events; and hence
it was recommended that an analysis of the matter be made through the provin-
cial commissariat.

The approval of the reports from the control commission and the party's provin-
cial committee, as well as the recording of the information on the matters
debated at the party's first national conference, were also subjected to
analysis and assessment by the participants.

At the conclusion of the work, a motion was passed whereby the participants
expressed their unfailing support for the Central Committee of the MPLA-
Labor Party and for Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, because of
the enlightened manner in which he ds guiding the nation’s destiny.

Preparations for the Victory Carnival :
Several carnival groups in this province are engaged in preparatory activities

aimed at worthily marking the great cultural demonstration of the Angolan
people, namely, the 1985 edition of the Carnival of Victory.

14



distributed seed, specifically, 6,200 kilograms 6£. corn, 1,350 ktlograms of
uhemba beans, 1,200 kilograms of peanuts and various green vegetables, as
well as 3,400 hoes, 1,600 machetes, 1,412 axes and other production tools.

Life in Homoine

From the social standpoint, the report from the Homoine district executive
council noted that, during the previous academic year, 31 of the existing 60
elementary schools were in operation, with 12,063. pupils attending, and

185 teachers serving them. The educational achievement recorded for the last
academic year was 56 percent. At the local secondary school and the basic
agrarian school of Inhamissua, the final educational achievement stood at

52 and 39 percent, respectively. At the elementary teacher training center
in Homoine, in turn, an achievement of 86 percent was recorded.

In the health area, the expanded vaccination program was exceeded by 60
percent; whereas with regard to mother and child heath, an over-fulfillment
of the same kind took place, with the exception of childbirths, the index

for which was 88 percent.

In the area of the health system extension in Homoine district, two health
stations were constructed with local materials, at the Fourth Congress Agri-
cultural Cooperative of Covane and in Vavate. ‘It is anticipated that, this
year, assistance for childbirths will begin in the latter location, provided
by a midwife currently being trained. Moreover; the Mafulane maternity faci-
lity was reopened in the locality of Golo, and some furnishings were retrieved
from the Maxamal maternity facility currently operating in Madaucane.

Four first aid workers were trained for work sites as well as two midwives.
In the 25 September communal village in Marrengo, a course on nutritional
education was given to 22 activists from. the Mozambican Women's Organization.

The 13th session of the Homoine district assembly heard the report rendering
an account submitted by the work commissions created for this organ. The
report from the commission to assist social sectors noted that, last year,
i classrooms and three houses for teachers were built, based on local
materials.

The commission for reconstruction of areas devastated by the enemy, in turn,

announced that 108 of the 120 planting fields demarcated in the communal

village of Vavate, where 1,214 inhabitants reside, making a total of 330
families, are ‘occupied. Furthermore, in Fanha-Fanha, in the locality of
Nhaulane, a new rural commmity is under construction, which currently has

320 inhabitants. On that site, 415 planting fields have already been staked
out. . . .

2909 .
CSO: 3442/212

43


a

December $00 South African tourists have visited the island,”"he

Soon Mr Henn plans to get involved in another joint venture with
Mozambique under which a brewery and a soft drink factory will
‘start operating in Maputo. :

A director of a Johannesburg-based multinational, who did not
Want to.be named, said there was no possibility of meaningful
investment in Mozambique without peace.

“One can’t move inside Mozambique. Roads and railways are
under constant attack. How can one talk of investments without
peace ?” he asked. . ’ .

“Businessmen want to go in but without peace no one will
move.” : :

Apart from Mr Henn’s contacts with Mozambique, most of the
economic agreements with Maputo have been at government level
and not all of them are working well. __

cso: 3400/900 *

47



INKATHA DEFENDS POLICITAL STANCE

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 25 Mar 85 p 5

[Text] INKATHA has hit back at sugges-

cso:

thous that it would never be a force in

| De Milalose said students “the
world over” are known for their wild
and unbalanced views and an hoo-

not judged on the mertis of its contri-
bution to knowledge.

“Mr Richard Swart has quite ob-
viously swailowed UDF-type propa-
ganda hook, line and sinker and‘re-

3400/873

rc

H _—
JPRS-SSA-85-034 ,
23 April 1985

~ SOUTH AFRICA

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JPRS-SSA-85-034
23 April 1985

: :
- INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

DETAILS ON INDIAN OCEAN SEMINAR GIVEN
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Mar 85 p 2

[Text] More than 100 experts from Europe (Denmark, the Netherlands and
Belgium), Asia (Japan, Indonesia and India), the United States, the Soviet
Union and Mauritius took part last week in New Delhi in a four-day seminar on
the Indian Ocean, organised by India's department of maritime development.

In a message to the seminar, Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi expressed the
wish for the continuation of efforts to make the Indian Ocean a "zone of
peace, stability and cooperation." The increasing militarisation of the ocean
creates tension and endangers the security of seaboard states, diverting from
their duties of economic development, he said.

1.0.N.--India is less opposed to the militarisation of the seaboard states
(in- which it is an active participant) than to the increasingly massive
| presence of the great powers in the Indian Ocean, and in particular of the
United States. During the seventh summit conference of nonaligned countries
in New Delhi in March 1983 the Indian government mounted a determined campaign
to rid the Indian Ocean region of all foreign forces.

Under Indian pressure, member states of the nonaligned movement even decided
to organise a conference of the 44 seaboard states by the end of 1984 at the
latest, in order to counter the attempts of western national to put off
indefinitely the United Nations conference on the Indian Ocean as a zone of
peace. Madagascar offered to organise this meeting (I.0.N. No 71,72,73)

but nothing more has been heard of it. India's sudden renewed burst of
activity on this topic coincides with the Soviet diplomatic offensive which
the INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER featured last week.

cso: 3400/823



"DIMAC does not’ distribute construction materialsto individiials. The task
of this enterprise is to distribute the materials to the construction enter-
prises and to the city's.urban renewal office which, in turn, handle the
portion that they have available for specific purposes, including that for
individuals."

Adelino Reibeiro added: "We know that there is a great deal of speculation
with materials, and we have already found some sources of it. But it is not
our fault, although there have been some mistakes on our part which might,
either directly or indirectly, have led to supplies for the speculation
system."

Netherlands Donates 850,000 Florins

The government of the Netherlands, one of Mozambique's major Western economic
partners, has granted 850,000 florins to carry out the project for latrine
construction in Sofala, affecting in particular the provincial capital, Beira.

Manuel Francisco, coordinator for that project in Beira, told the news media
that, to date, 60 latrines have been constructed in six outlying districts
of the city; and the second phase began during the second half of January,
with a target of 25.

The work is under way in the second and sixth districts of Beira; while a
training course is being held, simultaneously, in the cooperatives.

As the director of construction and water for Sofala revealed, for the current
phase at least 250 tons of cement have been assured, out of the 8,000 that the
Dondo factory will be producing.

A ‘Monster’ Called APIE

APIE, the State Property Holdings Administration, currently controlling nearly
13,000 apartments which have also been designated for homes, is a "monster"
state enterprise known for its. internal organization.

The summons for organization has come precisely because of the complexity of
the sector, which grew overwhelmingly as the effect of the nationalizations
struck its focal points of influence among the profitable properties that had
come under the colonial administration.

In fact, during the post-independence period, there was an increase in proper-
ties which subsequently did not find individuals capable of carrying out their
proper management.

However, the result has been that the common citizen followed and categorized
the situation as one of "slowly dying ruins," describing the neglect fostered,
after all, by those who had a misconception of the conquests made by the Mozam-
bican revolution.

51


SOMALIA

Briefs

SOUTH AFRICA

Strength of Nontechnocrats in Cabinet Noted |
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 2 Mar 85)..cesscssseceeccccces 59

Diplomats Defect 60
SSDF Deaths 60

Political Analysts Claim U.S. Sanctions ‘Useless’

(POLHA DE SAO PAULO, 9 Mar 85)..ccseeccecccsscccccccccecsecs GL

‘City Press' Poll Reveals Support for ANC

(FOLHA DE SAO PAULO, 9 Mar 85).ccccsccccsccccccccccscccccecs 62

‘Bophuthatswana Seeks To Establish Economic Viability

Bishop.

ececccceccscccesescccees 63

(HANDELSBLATT, 27 Feb 85)...

Tutu on Liberation Theology, Church's Role
(Desmond Tutu Interview; FOLHA DE SAO PAULO, 10 Mar 85)..... 65

Tutu Calls for Mediation To Avoid ‘Blood Bath’

(FOLHA DE SAO PAULO, 10 Mar 85).. seseeee 71

Fifty-eight Percent of Sowetans Living Below Par

Police

Father

(Kate McKinnell; THE STAR, 20 Mar 85)..esecscecceccesecevocs 73

Ask Botswana Aid in Tracking Down ANC Killers
(Patrick Laurence, Dianna Games; RAND DAILY MAIL, 16 Mar 85). 74

Moselane Completes Five Months in Detention
(Themba Molefe; SOWETAN, 25 Mar 85).cccccescccecceccceccsceees 19

Inkatha Defends Political Stance

(SOWETAN, 25 Mar 85).ccccscecesccccvcccvccccvsccccece

ANC Leaflet Distributor Gets 2-Year Jail Sentence

Briefs

TANZANIA

(Janine Simon; THE STAR, 20 Mar 85).ccccsecescececceccccecece 27

SASS Bombed House 79
Uitenhage Casualties 79
Late Trains Stoned 79
Hard Life for Coloreds 80

Nyerere Defends African Policies, Chastises West, IMF

(DAILY NEWS, 14 Mar 85) .cccccceccccscccccceccsccccccccscscces OL



After that, I shall be very pleased to accept the -invftations that are tendered
to me to travel, which honor me greatly. And theré is no question that one

of. the countries that I would like to become familiar with is yours. I would
love to meet Dom Helder Camaro, and learn about the work of the basic ecclesial
communities. I greatly admire what the Catholic Church has done in Brazil,

and I applaud the change in government that: you have just achieved there.

[Question] How is the hostility of the Anglican white community in Johannesburg
shown toward you personally?

[Answer] Obviously, not all Anglican whites are hostile toward me. I have also
encountered warm support among many Church members in the white community.

But I sense a large amount of anxiety among the whites; I would say that this
is the most common attitude. Among those who have made their opposition to my
status as archbishop explicit, the most common way of protesting has been to
send letters to the newspaper editors expressing that position. Some whites
have left the Church. But it mist be considered that many whites also returned
to the Church because of my appointment, because it demonstrates a clearcut
political position among the Anglicans in this country.

[Question] What has the political role of the Church in South Africa been?

({Answer] The Church has played a major role. It'has been a leading witness to
the injustices that are committed here against the blacks through the apartheid
system. Many bishops have protected people who are persecuted by the govern-
ment., Some have even. advised the Church members to disobey. laws directly
opposed to the principles of Christian brotherhood. And several of those
bishops paid for their courage with deportation from the country, ordered by
the government. This happened to Bishop Ambrose Reeves, for example, who is
steadfastly opposed to the educational laws of apartheid. It was what also
happened to the bishop of Namibia, Colin Winter. And even I have had some
_Problems in traveling freely throughout the world. In short, I would say that
the Anglican Church, through its bishops, has worked hard on its mission as a
witness and to combat the injustices of apartheid.

(Question] In your opinion, are there points of contact between liberation
theology and the type of religious activity that you have been engaged in,
in South Africa? . :

[Answer] Yes, without doubt. We have attempted to develop what we call black
theology, which is also.a kind of liberation theology, because it is aimed at
a population that is a victim of violent oppression, and it is concerned with
the total liberation of people: not only liberation from ‘sin, but also libera-
tion from injustice and exploitation. But there are some major differences
between the theology that we are attempting to develop here and the kind that
has been developed in Latin America. First, because we have not used the
Marxist categories in our analyses and reflections with the same intensity that
you have; second, because a far greater number of Latin American theologians -
and religious claim to consider the use of violence to put’ an end to an unjust
social situation as being justifiable. It is far more difficult to assume a



| JPRS-SSA-85-034 «
whe - 23 April 1985 :

: os o ~ |

a ~F COMOROS

BRIEFS

OPPOSITION DEMONSTRATION-=The most hard-line branch of the Comorian opposition
in France staged a demonstration in Paris on March 3 to demand that Mayotte be
transferred to the Comoros. Fewer than 100 people attended. The other opposi-
tion groups, i.e. the supporters of Abdallah Mouzaoir, Said Ali Kemal and the
Front Democratique, refused to take part.. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN
NEWSLETTER in English 9 Mar 85 p 8] .

RELATIONS WITH MADAGASCAR~-As the first result of the improvement in diplomatic
relations between Morni and Antananarivo (see I.0.N. No 171), Air Madagascar has
now decided to accept passengers for the Comoros on its twice weekly flight
between Antananarivo and Nairobi. via Moroni. Previously the call at Moroni was
treated as just a refuelling stop by the Malagasy airline, which rarely allowed
passengers to board or disembark in the Comorian capital. 1.0.N.--This improve-
ment in relations has‘ another important spin-off, which would stymie a proposed
connection between Johannesburg and Paris via Moroni. This has been suggested
to the Comoros by the South Africans, flushed with their success with the Cape
Town=Moroni-Jeddah service, and would give them a back-door entry into Europe
via east Africa under the Air Comoros flag. If the Comoros insisted, France
could not refuse such a service under the rule allowing the flag carriers of
both countries concerned to share a route. Air France, which alone operates a

. bi-weekly. service between Paris and Moroni via Dar es Salaam, is strongly
. opposed to the plan, and has done its utmost to improve relations between the

Comoros and Madagascar in order to introduce a stopover at Moroni for its ser~
vice between Paris and Antananarivo, thus blocking the South Africans. Unlike
the present Moroni-Paris route, which is flown by an Airbus aircraft,
Antananarivo—Paris uses the faster Boeing 747, operating alternately under
Air France and Air Madagascar colours. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWS-
LETTER in English 9 Mar 85 p 6]

MEDIA PLANS--The Comoros is now the only member state of the United Nations
which has nowritten. press, national television service or news agency, stated
Roland Schreyer, a UNESCO adviser on communications, last week at the end of a
study mission to the archipelago. Mr Schreyer now intends to draw up a propo—
sal for developing. an integrated communications system to serve the Comoros.
1.0.N.--The news media have always been totally inadequate in the Comoros,
even when the archipelago. was a French territory. For news the population
can only rely on the State radio and semi-clandestine newssheets put out by

23



young people of the extreme left who uphold immediite ,-violent -action against
the apartheid regime. 7: oo

The Nobel Peace Prize winner sees many similarities between his religious
practice and liberation theology, but he does not use the Marxist. categories
in his reflections. The entire political argument that he has devised has
grounds in the Bible, "the most subversive, revolutionary work that exists, but
the only one that the authorities will never dare to ban.". He accepts armed
struggle when peaceful methods have been exhausted, but gives assurance that
he would never advise anyone to take up arms. His life at present is committed
to the struggle against apartheid, based on the definition that he gives of -
himself: "I am not a pacifist, but rather a man of peace. I shall do every-
thing in my power to destroy this diabolical system, whatever the price may
be. Nothing can deter me."

If He Could Have, He Would Have Been a Physician

Tutu's entry into evangelical life, as he himself admits, did not occur for
"lofty spiritual reasons." His calling was medicine but, since he came from
a poor family, he had no chance of entering a school. He worked from an early
age, as a traveling vendor and caddy (carrying clubs for those playing golf).

In 1956, at the age of 25 and already married to Leah, his wife up until the
present, he decided to start studying to become pastor of the Anglican Church,
as a means of solving the financial difficulties that he was facing. He was
an outstanding student. He received the degree of pastor in 1960 and, 2 years
later, went to London, where he. studied until. 1967, obtaining a doctorate in
theology.

Upon his return to South Africa, he was an instructor in Capetown, and a parson
at St Mary's Cathedral in Johannesburg and in Soweto; and he began his rise as
a religious and political leader. The prominence that he gained resulted as
much from his original methods of preaching (the sermons became "happenings"
thanks to the good humor that was instilled in him and his habit of always
singing during religious services) as from the doctrine of non-violence

which, to him, is more of a personal, moral attitude than a political tactic,
unlike the case of Gandhi.

Elected secretary general of the South African Council of Churches in 1978, Q
he started ranking among the major exponents of politics in the country.

The churches affiliated with the council give spiritual guidance to. 14 million

of South Africa's 27 million people. In 1980 and 1981, he had his passport -
lifted by the authorities after trips abroad during which he criticized his

country's government.

In'1981, he almost became the first black archbishop of the Anglican Church in

Capetown; but the white opposition succeeded in preventing his appointment.
After winning the Nobel Prize, he was named archbishop of Johannesburg.

66


: JPRS-SSA-85-034
wen _23 April 1985

- - SOMALIA

STRENGTH OF NONTECHNOCRATS IN CABINET NOTED
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Mar 85 p 4

[Text]

The .politbureau of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party approved
on February 21 the composition of the new government selected by
president Mohamed SIAD Barre. The previous administration dated from June
1984, and ea reshuffle had been expected since the legislative elections
of December 31 last. The changes are minor ones, but one replacement
worth noting is that of the planning minister (who had only been
appointed last June). The post hes now been filled by the vice-president
and presidential assistant for affairs of State, lieutenant-general
Hussein KULMIYE Afrah. Four other ministries are regrouped: the
@inistries of trade and industry are combined under former industry
minister Abdullahi MOHAMED Ali, while the ministries of youth and labour
are merged under the control of former youth minister Mire AWARE Jama.
The ministry of public works also changes hands, being assigned to the
former minister of labour and social affairs, Abdulgassim SALAD Hassan.

I.0.H.- Although president SIAD Barre told the national people's
assembly that there would be major changes in his next government, and
indicated that priority would be given to technocrate, what has
resulted on the contrary is a strengthening of the power of the old
soldiers who have no technical ence. This is the case with
general Abdullaht MOHAMED Alt, =A as Been given trade on top of
industry, which was already his responsibility. Similarly, police .
colonel Mire AVARE Jama has added the labour ministry to his former .
domain of youth and sports. This is clear evidence that president STAD
ts umilling to delegate power, and when he does prefers men of hie

oun generation and background. Thus there ia a 8 ever-
"g gap between old guard and the rising generation which is
better educated but remains excluded from the centre of power. .

cso: 3400/823

59


7 SPRS-SSA-85-034

ANGOLA

MILITARY MEDICINE WORKSHOPS UNDER WAY IN LUANDA
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 2 Mar 85 p 1

[Text] From 28 February until today, 2 March, the Military Medical Assistance
Services (SAMM) and the Cuban Military Mission Medical Services in the People's
Republic of Angola held the seventh military medicine scientific workshops

and the fifth technical facilities workshops.

This activity is part of the annual program of SAMM acientific activities, and
there were participating in it physicians, nurses and technicians on the
different levels of SAMM and the Cuban Military Mission Medical Services, as
well as guests from other hospital institutions.

The formal opening ceremony for the workshops took place on the premises of the
First of August Club, under the chairmanship of the minister of defense, Col
Pedro Maria Tonha (Pedale).

The workshops were held with the slogan "on behalf of reinforcement of the
scientific and organizational level of military medical assistance."

Internationalists of various nationalities and a delegation from the Cuban
Military Medical Services Participated 4 in the work.

2909
CSO: 3442/216

16


| JPRS-SSA-85-034 |

oe. 23 April 1985

KENYA

NEW CHARGES FILED AGAINST STUDENTS
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 13 Mar 85 p 24
{Article by Edward Rihnaa]

[Text] The state yesterday filed fresh charges against five Nairobi University
students for taking part in an unlawful assembly, and which carries a maximum sen-
tence of life imprisonment.

Events took a dramatic turn yesterday before Senior Resident Magistrate, Mr.

S. E. 0 Bosire, when he upheld a defence objection that the original charge of
taking part in an unlawful assembly, which carried a three-year jail term, should
be amended by the prosecution to make it sustainable in law.

But instead of amending the charge State Assistant Deputy Public Prosecutor, Mr.
Bernard Chunga, substituted a fresh charge of taking part in an unlawful assembly
carrying a maximum sentence of life imprisonment if convicted. And he further
substituted an alternative charge against all the accused of disobeying a police
order issue@ by a provincial officer to disperse from the unlawful assembly at
the university sports ground. .

Before the hearing resumed yesterday, a High Court Judge, Mr. Justice Fidahusein
Abdullah, rejected bail applications by three university students who had applied
in the High Court to be released pending the hearing of the case filed against
them by the state.

When the hearing resumed in the lower court before Mr. Bosire, the magistrate de-
livered a ruling on a preliminary objection raised by the defence that the charge
of taking part in an unlawful assembly disclosed no offence.

CSO: 3400/884

33


Moreover, the situation culminated in the Cavadas property which, after having
been turned over ‘to the tenants in August 1984, now looks like’a "dump," not
only because of its outer appearance, which is displeasing, but also because
it is in worse condition than a "wharf warehouse," a shelter for the "sand
captains," in which people sleep in the bathtubs.

In short, it was based on this reasoning that the obvious conclusion was
drawn that the deterioration of the state's property holdings at this point
is. very closely related to the misuse of the dwellings.

The news media were told by the provincial director of construction and water
for Sofala, Adelino Ribeiro: "We are aware of the problem of the lack of
supply of materials for maintenance, but I'm not sure that this is the main
Teason; because there have been extremely serious instances involving the
use of houses by the tenants."

2909
CSO: 3442/226

53



ANGOLA

PARTY ANALYZES SUGAR EMERGENCY PROGRAM
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 1 Mar 85 p 1

(Text] Yesterday, the coordinator of the emergency program to increase food
production, sugar sub-program, Andre Pitra Petrofi, a member of the Central
Committee of the MPLA-Labor Party, chaired a meeting of this agency, which
took place on the fourth floor of the party national headquarters building.

Participating in the meeting, the purpose of which was to analyze and discuss

matters associated with sugar production, specifically, the program to prepare
for the 1985-86 harvest, were directors, Cuban collaborators and other indivi-
duals linked with agriculture, most particularly with the sugar sector.

Topics such as the technological backup for sugar production, and timely
treatment of the cane fields with the necessary products, insecticides and
fertilizer, as well as other problems in the sector, were discussed at the
meeting. i

It should be pointed out that sugar production in our country is undergoing
serious problems, ranging from the- shortage of: labor and machinery to the poli-
tical -and military situation that the country is experiencing; which, as in the
case of coffee, have made it impossible to remove the products and to provide
@ normal supply of provisions to the population in the production areas.

Moreover, it is a noteworthy fact that sugar represents one of the greatest

sources of wealth in our country's agricultural sector; and hence it is the
focal point of great attention on the part of our leaders.

2909
CSO: 3442/216

19

JPRS-SSA-85-034.
. - 33 april 1985



PARTY ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATED IN GDR
Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 10 Mar 85 p 6
[Article by Hassan A. Mitawi]

(Text] About 100 Tanzanian Students in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) met -
recently to celebrate the Eighth Anniversary of the founding of CCM.

During the occasion which took place at the Ideological College of the ruling
Socialist Unity Party of German (SED) the students cultural group entertained the
invited guests.

Cheerfully the guests applauded their marvellous performance which included a
variety of traditional dances, songs and poems.

Among the songs were:'

Nyerere liberated our country” and "CCM take the leading role in our country"
sang by the Party officials. Harmoniously the cultural group sang and danced
“Chindimba and Mganda" which left the viewers on their toes.

But it was not the end of the day. The programme was well prepared and pleasant
to the guests. Again the song sung in Sukuma language about the liberation of
women and a poem in German titled "The moral is ours" presented by Ali Siwa
captured the ears of the gathering.

To mark the events the Ambassador of Tanzania in the socialist countries of Eas-
tern Europe, Ndugu Isaac Sepetu sent the Students a congratulatory message which
was read on his behalf by Ndugu Mgeja John.

Ndugu Mgeja is a NEC member currently leading 30 CCM officials studying at the
Party College in the GDR.

In his message Ndugu Sepetu hailed the founding of the Party which consolidated
the unity of the people and the country. He noted the glorious achievements of
the party in the provision of people with basic requirements.

These include medical supplies, clean water and victory over illiteracy. CCM has
also enhanced its relations with friendly Parties of the world.

86


JPRS-SSA~85-034
23 April 1985

BRIEFS

SUPPORT FOR MNR DENIED--Lusaka.--Malawi yesterday denied knowledge of aircraft
overflying its territory with arms for right-wing Mozambican rebels and said it
did not support any clandestine activities aimed at toppling the leftist Maputo
Government. The Malawi High Commission (Embassy) in Lusaka said Malawi could not
monitor or inspect cargo carried by planes overflying the country. It said Mala-
wian airspace had frequently been violated by such planes. The High Commission
was reacting to remarks by South African Foreign Minister, Mr Pik Botha, over a
non-aggression pact between Pretoria and Maputo. Mr Botha said last Saturday
‘Mozambique suspected that the Mozambique National Resistance rebéls were being
supplied with arms and equipment from South Africa, Malawi and Kenya. "The Gov-
ernment of the Republic of Malawi wishes to deny categorically any knowledge of
clandestine flights over Malawian territory ferrying arms and other supplies to
Renamo (MNR guerrillas)" the High Commission said in a statement .--Sapa-Reuter.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85 p 5]

CSO: 3400/880

40



‘a

JPRS-SSA-85-034
. 23 April 1985

NYERERE DEFENDS AFRICAN POLICIES, CHASTISES WEST, IMF
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 14 Mar 85 p 1

[Text] The Hague, Wednesday. President Nyerere has said he refused to apologise
to Europe, America, or Japan, or be put on the defensive in relation to mistakes
which Africa-or Tanzania—-has made in its development effort.

In a strongly worded speech he delivered at the Institute of Social Studies at
the Hague, Mwalimu stressed that this was one world and that African poverty and
underdevelopment was not unrelated to wealth and technical advance elsewhere.

Mwalimu, who opened his speech by thanking the Institute for having facilitated
for many Tanzanians to study rural development and related questions—-all vital to
Tanzania's efforts, said:

"I shall be very critical of many aspects of the relations between rich and poor
countries in the expectation that the remarks would be helpful to all who care
about the future development of mankind in peace, justice, and harmony."

‘ Acknowledging the fact that Tanzania, in common with almost all African countries,
was currently in deep economic trouble—shortages. of consumer goods, spare parts
and fuel for the agriculture, industry and transport sectors of the economy, as
well as foreign debt burden and drought, he said:

"I- am tired of being told than Tanzania's present condition arises out of our own
mistakes of policy, our own inefficiency, and our own overambition.
i

"I am tired too of being told that Africa's present condition is the result of
African incompetence, venality, or general inferiority in capacity.

"I am even more tired of being told that the solution to our problems is agreement
with the IMF on any terms which can be obtained, followed by the single-minded
pursuit of private investment-—-local and foreign--and the encouragement of 'per-
sonal initiative' without. regard to its social consequences."

Mwalimu told an applauding audience that when he listens to remarks, whether ad-
dressed at Tanzania or the other Third Workd countries, "it seems to me that all
the effort and expertise that went into the preparation of the two Brandt Commis-

sion reports, and which still go into World Bank development reports and projecttions,

have been so much waste of time."

81



a oS REUNION

JPRS-SSA-85-034
23 April 1985

BRIEFS ‘
COOPERATION WITH MADAGASCAR—A liaison bureau with seven representatives of
economic and political circles in each island has been set up to improve joint

cooperation. It will meet in Antananarivo in April. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN
OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 9 Mar 85 p 8]

cso: 3400/823

58


He pointed out that despite all this and prescription for “action to avert disas-

ter, international action on world economic questions.had been virtually abandoned - ~

and replaced by the use of power and the promotion of nationalist and monetarist
ideology. . :

Mwalimu explained that every African country, and specifically Tanzania, had made
mistakes of policy and had areas of coneiderable inefficiency in the operation of
good policies.

"Tanzania, whatever happens elsewhere, we try to correct those mistakes as soon as
we recognise them, and learn from them; we are going through such a process now,"
he said. .

But he said mistakes had made an impossible situation worse and do not account
for the situation itself.

Mwalimu, who is also current Chairman of the Organisation of African Unity said:
"For this reason, I refuse to apologise to Europe, America, or Japan, or to be
put on the defensive in relation to the mistakes which Africa--or Tanzania--has
made in its development effort.:’

"This is one world. African poverty and underdevelopment is not unrelated to
wealth and technical advance elsewhere. The existing pattern of wealth distribu-
tion in the world is the inherited cross of independent Africa, not the result of
Africa's own actions," he said..

Mwalimu said Africa's poverty and underdevelopment was the result of imbalances
in the pattern of global distribution of wealth and lopsided terms of international
trade.

"It is not irrelevant to our condition that one quarter of the world's popula-
tion has four fifths of the world's income. Wealth breeds wealth, and poverty
breeds poverty..." the President pointed out.

He said fluctuation of primary commodities produced by African and other Third
World countries reduced the capacity of these countries to import manufactured
goods for their social infrastructure and economic services.

The President said the fall in commodity prices was "catastrophic" in the last
few years of world recession. World Bank estimates showed a 27 per cent decline
of non-oil primary commodity prices from 1980 to 1982.

This resulted in a 2.4 per cent loss of income for the low-income countries of
Africa south of the Sahara. "Can this kind of thing be regarded as irrelevant
to the current economic crisis in Africa?," he asked.

Mwalim said the system under which the poor paid more for manufactured goods from

the rich while earning less from crop exports had facilitated a regular transfer
of wealth from the poor countries to the rich countries.

82



- JPRS-SSA-85-034
ae April 1985

MOI DISCUSSES ROLE OF PRESS
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 20 Mar 85 pp 1, 28
{article by Charles Kulundu]

[Text] While the Kenya government remains firm in its commitment to a free Press
in the country, such a Press must also be a responsible one, President Daniel arap
Moi said: yesterday.

Kenya must safeguard her hard-won independence through the maintenance of peace
and unity, which is the essence of consolidating our nationhood, so that we can
concentrate on the important .task of building a stable and prosperous Kenya, the
President said.

President Moi who was speaking at a luncheon marking the 25th anniversary of the
Nation group of newspapers said it was important for newspapers to consider the
purpose to be served by the kind of information communicated.

"Tt is vital for the Press to participate in moulding the future of mankind in a
manner that will benefit all", the President said.

President Moi said he was convinced that newspapers in Kenya can do a lot more
through constant soul-searching and self-criticism in processing news and infor-
mation, and expressed the desire that newspapers should involve themselves more
in nation-building endeavours such as adult literacy, family planning and anti-
corrpution campaigns.

The President stressed the role of newspapers in the strengthening of the people's
attitudes to nationalism and many other important national issues, and said they
should also at times discuss issues that portray undesirable weaknesses in the so-
ciety, which he said must be treated in a constructive manner.

President Moi said Kenya takes a justifiable pride in the fact that it has main-
tained a political, economic and social climate which he said must be treated in
a constructive manner.

President Moi said Kenya takes a justifiable pride in the fact that it has main-
tained a political, economic and social climate which has made it possible for
privately-owned newspaper groups to survive and achieve a reasonable meassure of
commercial success.

27



Prospecteurs Commerciaux [offices of trade and commerce] ‘at its embassies
in Africa, in order to broaden and strengthen its economic relations there.
Shipping still holds a major position in relations with Africa, with 60
percent of its capacity at 34.African ports. Likewise, Sabena, the Belgian
airline, does 73 percent of its business with 22 airports in Africa.

As a result of its long colonial experience, Belgium devotes special
attention ‘to development, which has remained a major focus of its presence
in Africa. . This continent receives 70.6 percent of the funds Belgium
directs toward cooperation with developing countries--only 15.1 percent
goes to Asia and 5.2 percent to Latin America. Here, special note is

to be taken of the 31 poorest countries, the so-called Fourth World, of
which 22 are in Africa, according to the UN classification, and to which
Belgian feels particularly morally obligated to provide assistance. In
1981, these countries received 23 percent of Belgium's bilateral
development’ aid—-around 369 million dollars. There is also the partner
group in which it is more a question of genuine cooperation——with a

mutual balance of interests--than of pure aid. Belgium has concluded
general agreements regarding economic cooperation with 22 African countries
in all. ;

Bilateral Cooperation Preferred

There is another special area in multi- or bilateral cooperation.
Although itis the seat of numerous important multilateral organizations
and a member of the European Community and World Bank, Belgium is more
inclined to bilaterialism and thinks of itself as being at one with the
wishes of the developing countries. For bilateralism is less subject

to influences froma third party, which can inject undesired ideology
and political tensions. As it stands, 36 percent of the Belgian develop-
ment budget went to international organizations in 1982, including 650
million Belgian frances to the United Nations, of which 260 million were
earmarked for Africa. Belgium contributed 900 million Belgian francs

to the World Bank and 1.7 billion to the European Community Development
Fund. Brussels also supports trilateral cooperation between European,
African and Arabic countries.

However, Belgium gives preference to the bilateral cooperation, for which
the Administration. Generale de la Cooperation au Developpement (AGCD) is
responsible and which granted Africa 9.7 billion Belgian francs in bilateral
aid in 1982.’ In addition, a Fonds de la Cooperation au Developpement

was founded in 1981. This organization corresponds to the German Develop-
ment Community (DFG), for example, and, among other things, serves to
promote Belgian investments in Africa, for which approximately 11.8

billion Belgian francs were available in 1982. Zaire and Algeria are

among the preferred countries. Also important here is a series of private
organizations which are active in 33 countries.


LIBERATED FAMILIES INTEGRATED INTO: HOMOINE DISTRICT

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 21 Feb 85 p 8

[Text] In military operations carried out last year, in the district of Homoine,
the Armed Forces of Mozambique (FPLM) liberated over 1,600 citizens who had
been forced to live with the armed bandits, also destroying the latter's hide-
outs in Pembe, Vavate and Urrene. At present, the liberated population is
reorganizing its life in the communal village of Vavate and the future rural
community of Fanha-Fanha. ‘

Last year, in that district, for the combat training of the population several
politico-military training centers were created, in which hundreds of persons
were trained, including workers and cooperative members.

These facts were made public in the course of the 13th session of the Homoine
district assembly, which convened recently to assess the activities carried out
last year. At this meeting, the district executive council submitted the
report on the evaluation relating to the level of fulfillment of the central

. state plan and territorial program. j

Agriculture

The aforementioned document reported that, during the 1984-84 agricultural
campaign, 945 hectares out of the 1,818 planned for the state, cooperative and
family sectors had been cultivated. In the prepared area, 1,145 tons of various
farm products were produced, including corn, cassava, beans, cotton and

garden produce.

A total of 4,470 cashew trees were planted in Marrengo, Inhamussua, Chizapela
and Goio. As for the agricultural marketing, 134 tons of cashew nuts, 239 of
seasoning oil and 27 of copra were purchased in that district.

To aid the population liberated from the control of the armed bandits, last
year, in the district of Homoine, the Coordinating Group to Prevent and
Combat Natural Disasters distributed 395.5 tons of corn, 45 tons of chickpeas,
15.5 tons of peas, 4.5 tons of butter beans and 2 tons of peanuts, as well as
cooking oil and powdered milk. For the same population, that agency also

42



Just as Kinshasa, Bujumbura and Kigali still thii ‘of-Brussels as "Na
Mputu," the metropolis, Belgium's attitude toward Africa in no-way denies
the colonial past--in fact it actually emphasizes how its familiarity
with the continent is of advantage to modern Africa-—but it also endeavors
to follow a different. course and to diversify its relations in Africa.

: Its relations with Zaire, Ruanda and Burundi admittedly hold a special
position, but are increasingly becoming part of an overall Africa policy,
which in turn is viewed as part of a global Third World policy.

The change that. has already taken place here is evident, for example, from
the numbers of the Belgian development aid: In 1972, 77 percent went to
the three former Belgian territories; in 1977 this number fell to 59
percent; and in 1981 it dropped to. 48 percent for the first time, i.e.,
less than half of all aid. Of this, Zaire received 33.5 percent and
Ruanda and Burundi 14.5 percent. A comparable decline in the Belgian
presence in these countries also occurred. The number of Belgians in the
Congo (Zaire) fell from 70,000 (in 1960) to 16,555 in 1983; in Ruanda,
from 1,855 to 1,700; and in Burundi, from 3,109 to 1,500. In contrast,
more Belgians live in Algeria, Morocco and the Ivory Coast today than in
Ruanda and Burundi; there are even 18,000 Belgians in South Africa.

The same holds true for foreign trade. Even if Zaire occupies the number
two position in Belgian imports from Africa for 1982 (10 months) with 23
billion Belgian frances (but number 11 in total imports), this is a
decrease of 13 billion Belgian francs in 1980, and Libya has surpassed

it with 26.6 billion Belgian francs. Likewise, Nigeria and South Africa
eccupy top rungs. with 18.3 and 15.5 billion Belgian francs, respectively.

Belgium's Trade With Africa On The Decline

As for Belgian exports, Zaire, with seven billion Belgian francs, is now
surpassed by. three other African countries: Algeria with 12.7 billion
(which, however, is only 14th in total export), Nigeria with 10.9 and
South Africa with 8.8 billion Belgian francs.

Even if Africa has remained Belgium's gateway to the Third World, the
country's total trade with’ the continent has been declining and seems to
have stabilized since 1981 at 4.5 percent of the turnover. In contrast,
during the 1960s Africa's share of Belgian imports hovered at 10 percent
and exports at 4.3 percent. Of the other continents, Asia has 10.5
percent, America is at 8.3 percent and Europe gets the lion's share of
76 percent.

Particularly obligated To The Poorest Countries

Today, Belgium's former possessions are nothing more than a "chasse
gardee" [private hunting grounds] of the Belgian economy, and other
African countries such as Algeria, Morocco, South Africa, Ivory Coast,
Angola, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Cameroon, Gabon and Egypt have become noticeably
important areas of Belgian activity. The country maintains 16 special


_ JPRS-SSA-85-034
ne _ 23 April 1985

VARSITY STUDENTS RECEIVE SENTENCES
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 9 Mar 85 pp 1, 16.
[Article by Edward Rihnaa]

[Text] The 14 University of Nairobi students accused of using a university vehi-
cle illegally were yesterday jailed for six months each.

The offence was allegedly committed during the recent disturbances at the univer-
sity campus.

One student Francis Nesbit Njubi, who was separately charged with driving the
university vehicle without a licence and illegally possessing bhang, was given an
additional six months jail term.

And Kariuki Gakuo who was also separately charged with illegal possession of
bDhang was also jailed for another six months. The two will serve a total of 12
months each. . :

Chief Magistrate, Mr. H. H. Buch, said in his sentence the charges of driving a
vehicle and possession of bhang in his view may not have been serious but in the
context of the case they are aggravating. He said the offences called for maxi-
mum custodial sentences. ‘

The students who were jailed for six months are Munoru John Kaniu (first year law
student), James Mbaria Kariuki (first year science), Mathews Nabwakwa Maube (first
year arts), Auma Stephen Wadinda (first year engineering), Peter Omondi (2nd

year commerce), Mwakudua wa Mwachofi, (final year agriculture), Joseph Mwita (2nd
year engineering), Gacheche wa Miano (final year law), Watengwa wa Masika (2nd
year arts), Mwamidi wa Mwakio (final year arts), Mwangi Kiura (2nd year arts),
Francis Nesbitt Njubi (lst year arts) and Sammy Macharia.

Buch said the case was sad-and a bad one for the history of both the University of
Nairobi and the country.

Buch said the charges against the students are to be taken in the context of events
and circumstances in the university.

36



In this connection, the Kussi,. Tchindukuto, Construction,-Saco-mar, Valodia,
Tombua, Bibala and Popular groups are the ones selected to march this year
in the festivities which, in.addition to celebrating the expulsion of the
strongholds of the racist invad rs from the.fatherland's soil,-are part of
the celebrations for the people's sea festivals taking place in Namibe.

Sources close to the provincial preparatory commission indicate that, this
week, a shop will be opened to provide foodstuffs and textiles to the members
of the groups, whose number of dancers has already reached 600.

Also in the context of the plans for the carnival, it is planned to hold a
general rehearsal, which will cover the city's various thoroughfares, with
approval of the songs to be presented during the festivities.

2909
CSO: 3442/216 ,



JPRS-SSA-85-034
_23 April 1985

UNTA ENDS DEPARTMENT MEETING IN LUANDA
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 3 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] The second national meeting of the departments of economic, legal and
social affairs of the Central Council of the National Union of Workers of
Angola [UNTA] closed on Thursday, under the chairmanship of Pascoal Luvualu,
member of the Central Committee Politburo and secretary general of UNTA.

At the conclusion of the work, the meeting noted that the provincial commissions
to establish the new wage scale have not played their part, suggesting the need
for a survey of the enterprises which are not paying the workers their wages

on time out of carelessness or negligence.

The workers at the second national meeting, after being informed on the contents
of the Central Committee's directive concerning veterans, pledged to engage
assiduously in the materialization thereof, and also noted with satisfaction
the practical implementation of the seminars and the need for holding trade
union plenary sessions during the first half of the year, with a view toward
informing the entire union rank and file of the role assigned to it.

Assessing the fulfillment of last year's plans in the departments of the central,
provincial and national departments of UNTA and the unions, the participants
considered the results satisfactory, despite certain weaknesses noted; also
resolving to include in the recommendations of the second national seminar on
labor justice the participation of the legal affairs department in the third
national seminar on labor justice this year.

Also underscored was the need for all the secretaries for economic affairs to
engage in the mobilization for student and military socialist emulation, in
cooperation with the students from the JMPLA [Youth of the Popular Movement for
the Liberation of Angola]-Party Youth.

The participants passed a motion for support to the MPLA-Labor Party and to
President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, and another one celebrating 2 and 8 March,
Angolan Women's Day and International Women's Day, respectively.

In her closing speech, Teresinha Lopes, director of the CC department for state
and judicial organs, who represented the secretary of the Central Committee for

10



‘Party Anniversary Celebrated in GDR : - -
(Hassan A.. Mitawi; SUNDAY NEWS, 10 Mar 85)...

seecceececes 86

Party Branches Urged To.Open Ideological Classes on Socialism
(Balima Shariff; DAILY NEWS, 15 Mar 85)...ccccccccccccecceces 88

Mainland, Island Cooperation Discussed
(Abdallah Yakuti; DAILY NEWS, 14 Mar 85)..ccececccececceseces 89

SWAPO Representative Attacks Racism, Zionism, Linkage

(Lucas Liganga; DAILY NEWS, 14 Mar 85). «- 90

Salim Urges Youth To Spearhead Development, Pursue Liberation
(Lucas Liganga; DAILY NEWS, 12 Mar 85)..ccccccccccccceccccces 92

Salim Calls for Better Trained Militia
(Abdallah Yakuti; DAILY NEWS, 11 Mar 85)..

se eccecccccccceee 93

Army Told To Produce Own Food
(Mussa Lupatu; SUNDAY NEWS, 10 Mar 85)....csccccccccccccceeee 94

Nyerere Rejects Bush's Call for Decontrolling Crop Prices
(DAILY NEWS, 13 Mar 85)..

teeccecccnccscees 96

Briefs
Kilosa Receives Irish Aid 97
Youth Pays Dues 97
Zimbabwe Materials for New Capitol 98
Private Importation Expands 98

ZIMBABWE

Tribal Chiefs Resent Loss of Power Under Government Reforms

(THE STAR, 20 Mar 85)... seeee 99

New Envoy to Canada Hopes for Increased Trade
(THE HERALD, 22 Mar 85)..cscsecccceccccccccccccecccccsssceeselOL

Rural Plan To Tackle Job Crisis

(THE HERALD, 21 Mar 85)... oe eeeeceee se l02

Plan for One-Party State, Labor Bill Could Hamper Growth
(Richard Wilson; SUNDAY TIMES, 17 Mar 85)....esecescsceessessl04

Some Whites Returning :
(THE CHRONICLE, 18 Mar 85)......0.

ee ee eer ecccceeseceees LOD

Four Hundred Join in Police Recruitment Drive
(THE HERALD, 21 Mar 85)...cccececccccsccccccceccccecsccecsecell2



Many white businessmen feel the education system “Shouié: put- more emphasis on tech~
nical training to try to fill the gap left by the exodus of skilied whites.

Another burden on government funds is the bloated bureaucracy. The civil service
has doubled in size since independence--and as Ian Smith claims "it's become half
as efficient".

Apart from creating new Ministries--like Women's Affairs--which were required
under the policy of Scientific Socialism, growth of the civil service was a way of
creating jobs for loyal Zanu-PF supporters.

Nepotism

The former Rhodesian Prime Minister puts it bluntly: "Jobs for pals--or rather
comrades--and nepotism are rampant, particularly in the civil service."

The mere mention of one-party ‘state is anathema to Zimbabwe's remaining 100 000
whites and the minority opposition Zapu and UANC parties.

#¥or the whites, that. would be the end," said Mr Smith, now head of the Conserva-
tive Alliance of Zimbabwe.

He says it was "talk of a one-party state" that destroyed what used to be a close
yorking relationship between him and Mr Mugabe.

UNI used to have regular meetings with Mr Magabe until a few years ago. He was
‘grateful and courteous.

"I-told my people to be circumspect and not to criticise without good cause.
“Then Mugabe started talking about a one-party state. I told Mugabe he was doing
harm by that talk, alarming whites, doing our external image no good and prejudi-
cing investment.

"From that moment on he's refused to see me. He says he is committed to a policy
of a one-party state.”

Both Zapu and Bishop Abel Muzorewa's UANC see the one-party state as their politi-
cal doom.

The bishop said: "Mugabe is determined to go ahead with it. He loves power for
power's sake. 7

"He is pushing his one-party state with blood--by beating people up to force them :
to join Zanu-PF.

"In any country where there's a one-party state, minority oppositions have no
choice but to go underground."

However, one gets the impression the government is keen to play down the issue.

106



f
1

1

| ° gpRS-SSA-85-034
| 23 april 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BISHOP TUTU ON LIBERATION. THEOLOGY, CHURCH'S ROLE .

Sao Paulo FOLHA DE SAO PAULO in Portuguese 10 Mar 85 p 18

(Interview with Archbishop Desmond Tutu by Carlos Eduardo Lins da Silva and
Lucia Araujo, in Johannesburg; date not specified]

[Text] Desmond Tutu, aged 43, Anglican archbishop of Johannesburg since 5
February of this year and 1984 Nobel Peace Prize winner, is currently the
principal black leader free in South Africa. . The tone of his speech, although
marked by expressions of hope in the possibility of reconciliation between
blacks and whites in that country, no longer leaves any room for doubt as to
his position of an increasingly more radical challenge to the apartheid system
and a demand for prompt changes.

In this exclusive interview with FOLHA, held in Johannesburg, the first that
he has granted to the Brazilian press, Tutu shows a great affinity with the
practice of liberation theology. Spiritual leader of a community of 2 million
members (1.6 million blacks), in a country with 27 million people (22 million
blacks), he no longer evokes suspicion among his followers, as he did 4 years
ago. . .

In 1980, when his prestige was already great, but not so great as it is now,
some feared that his fate would be like that of the Methodist bishop of Rhodesia,
Abel Muzorewa, who, after constructing a strong leadership in the black. comnuni-
ty, ended up concluding a political alliance with Ian Smith's racist government.
The reasons for the distrust were based on the non-violent methods that Tutu
always attempted to use, including, for example, a visit to the prime minister,
Pieter Wilhelm Botha. .

As his political and spiritual rise crystallized, Tutu has affirmed his contacts
with the black organizations having the greatest penetration into the -community.
His name no longer meets with any resistance on the part of the leaders of ANC
(African National Congress), a clandestine entity led by. Nelson Mandela (jailed
22 years ago), from UDF (United Democratic Front), a group containing a
sizable number of trade unions and centers for the defense of human rights,

or even from SWAPO (South-West African People's Organization), the guerrilla
army fighting against South Africa in Namibia. The only major political organ
still opposed to Tutu is AZAPO [Azanian People's Organization], consisting of

65



JPRS~SSA~85-034
23 April 1985

ANGOLA

ULJE COFFEE ENTERPRISE TO INCREASE PRODUCTION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 2 Mar 85 p 12

[Text] ANGOP [Angolan Press Agency] learned from the production chief of

the territorial coffee enterprise, Uije I (Pomba-Loge), Maimona Romo, that
this enterprise intends to harvest 360 tons of coffee and 24 tons of commercial
cacao this year.

The Uije I territorial coffee enterprise harvested 419 tons of mabuba coffee
and 36 tons of commercial cacao last year.

It has a work force estimated at 1,291 workers, with 935 active workers subdi-
vided into four production units.

According to the production chief of the aforementioned enterprise, the decline
in production last year was due to the delay in the rainfall, as well as the
late maturing of the coffee. This year, he remarked, efforts are being made
to exceed the goal, unless the rain precludes that intention.

That territorial coffee enterprise has a medical station where its workers are
treated, a basic education school attended by the workers’ children and, if
the workers are illiterate, they are taught reading and writing in the enter-
prise itself.

The enterprise's organization is noteworthy. There is the party structure, the
party youth organization, OMA [Organization of Angolan Women], OPA [Organization
of Angolan Pioneers] and the trade union.

It has 12 operational vehicles, and three tractors; while the rest are at a
standstill for lack of spare parts.

With regard to the difficulties, the production chief remarked that the lack
of a generator for the coffee hulling machine, and of spare parts, the insuffi-
. clent labor force and also the short supply of goods of prime necessity and
medicines constitute the main problems facing the enterprise.

Meanwhile, based on the slogan: "Let us raise our troops’ cultural level to
guarantee mastery of military techniques in the battle against the puppet

20


JPRS-SSA-85-034
-. 2 ..| 23 April 1985

ee
> - | INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

COMPLEXITIES OF POWER STRUGGLE PRECLUDE END TO WAR
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ‘In German .25 Feb 85 p 10
[Article by Guenther Krabbe: "The Embattled Horn of Africa'']

[Text] None of the wars at the Horn of Africa can be Won militarily,
say responsible politicians. Only negotiations can bring peace to the
region, according to President Nimeiri in the Sudan, President Siad
Barre of Somalia, and the Ethiopian leadership from chief of state
Haile-Mariam Mengistu on down. But such negotiations are not taking place
and probably have not even been initiated yet. So the shooting continues
at the Ethiopian-Somali border, fighting goes on in the Ogaden, and an
increasingly more violent civil war is carried on in south Sudan and the
northern provinces of Ethiopia. Under the respective banners of self-
determination, liberation and unity, the individual parties and govern-
ments destroy their own and each other's country even more than the
drought of recent years had managed to do. The governments want
negotiations, but then are not yet ready for then.

Ethiopia is convinced that it is the target of a historic conspiracy
instigated by Saudi Arabia. Since the emergence of the Arabs in the 7th
century, which first led to the Islamization of the Near East and then to
the conquest of all of North Africa—-still maintained today—-, “here, only
a stone's throw from Mecca, the Arab-Islamic expansion was stopped," as
Foreign Minister Wolde Goshu put it. The up to now last attempt to
subjugate allof Ethiopia by fire and sword to the Koran had failed in the
16th century. This "historic wound" is "still not healed." Now the
Arabs are trying to at least cut off the Islamic regions of Eritrea

and Ogaden and to incorporate them into the "Arab World." Basically,

the Somalis are only mercenaries of the Arabs. Without Saudi Arabia,
Somalia and the Sudan—"an African country which opted for the union with
Egypt and for the Arabs"--would have stopped support for the Ethiopian
rebels long ago.

For Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia presents a triple problem. First of all, it
holds the other side of the Red Sea coast, which under no circumstances
must fall into the hands of a radical, and especially communist, regime.
Secondly, Ethiopia, even under the revolutionary regime, is a Christian
state which does not grant to the Muslims in the Northwest and Southwest


. JPRS-SSA-85-034
- . _ 23 April 1985

DJIBOUTI

f . BRIEFS
CHINESE ASSISTANCE--President Hassan Gouled opened the 9,000 square metre
Chinese-built "people's palace” on March 2. The ceremony was attended by
the Chinese minister for construction and environmental protection, Lui Xing-
wen. ‘Following our article on the opening of Djibouti's container port
(I.0.N. No 169), the Savon and Ries at CMAO companies have pointed out that
the cost of unloading a container at Djibouti amounts to 15 percent of the
cost of the transport between Europe and Djibouti, and not 50 percent as was
reported. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 9 Mar 85 p 8]

DJIBOUTI STOPOVER--For the past. few weeks the aircraft operating the weekly
service for South African airways, in Air Comoros livery, between Johannes-
burg and Jeddah via Moroni and Mogadishu, has not been calling at the Somali
capital but.at Djibouti. ‘he official reason for this (temporary?) change of
stopover is the shortage of aviation fuel in Somalia. [Text] [Paris THE
INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Mar 85 p 7]

cso: 3400/823

25


—

i _
| gprs-ssA-85-034
23 April 1985

TANZANIA

ARMY TOLD TO PRODUCE OWN FOOD
Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 10 Mar 85 p 1
{Article by Mussa Lupatu]

[Text] The Party Secretary General, Ndugu Rashidi Kawawa has urged the Tanzania
People's Defence Forces (TPDF) to use its high sense of discipline and mobilising
capacity to produce food so as to attain self sufficiency.

Addressing officers and men of Kaboya Barracks in Muleba District yesterday,
Ndugu Kawawa said the army's number one priority was to defend the country. But
‘he said the army could also produce its own food.

Food shortage, he said, was the biggest enemy to any country. The defence of the
country could be endangered if soldiers did not have food, he added.

Ndugu Kawawa said institutions like the army could be examples to be emulated by
the rest of the society in modern farming because they have resources which if com-
bined with discipline and the mobilising capacity could become a great asset.

Party Secretary General who was talking to the soldiers after inspecting their
agricultural projects as well as laying a wreath at the Heroes Acre in memory of
soldiers who lost their lives during the Kagera War said the army could champion
agricultural revolution through use of ox-ploughs and oxen drawn implements.

He said TPDF should form farming brigades of a few but trained men whose roles
will primarily be farming. He said this was also defence work and that the rest
of the soldiers could only assist in a few farm operations like harvesting be-
cause oxen could be used to do most of the farm work.

Ndugu Kawawa also urged the army to assist in spearheading the afforestation cam-
paign to curb desertification.

Earlier when addressing a rally at Muleba, Ndugu Kawawa said the Party should mo-
bilise the masses for a strong unity which he said was essential for the libera-
tion of the people from hunger, poverty and diseases.

He urged the people to cultivate their traditional crops and to use scientific

farming method because these were capable of sustaining bad weather conditions
and would therefore ensure food availability.

94 -


Concluding his message, Ndugu Sepetu, wished the students ‘great success in their
studies and reminded them that the Party needed théir contribution after their
studies in the implementation of socialist construction.

Among the speakers on this occasion was the chairman of the Tanzania Students
Union in the GDR, Ndugu Isaac Wessai. He pointed out that the founding of the
Party indicated the determination of Tanzanians in developing and defending their
country. He also said that the Party guards Tanzanians in improving the material
technical base which will enable them to attain high standard of living.

_€S0: 3400/903

* 87



all those rights to which they are entitled in the opinion. of the Saudi
Arabians. Thirdly, there live Arabs in Eritrea who are entitled to
independence from foreign rule, and there are Somalis in the Ogaden who,
although they are not Arabs, belong in the Arab League, like the Republic

of Somalia. In.order to prevent an independent Eritrea from going communist
under the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), Saudi Arabia fosters
unification of its. own and the Iraqi and Syrian factions of the Eritrean
secessionists with the EPLF, in the hope that eventually Eritrea will
become a rather conservative state.

Somalia lays claim to one-fourth or more of the Ethiopian territory on the
grounds that Somali nomads live there. During the Ogaden war, Somalia

’ received Soviet weapons from Egypt. Since losing the war, Saudi Arabian

subsidies have kept the country alive and the regime in. power. The
Somalis pay for it by gotng along completely with Saudi Arabian interests.
Recently, Siad Barre even made it obligatory for all civil servants to
learn Arabic, and even set a deadline. Somalia had. always been Islamic.
Out of self-interest, the country is also interested in having strained
telations with Ethiopia. After the war was lost, the refugee flood from
the Ogaden brought so much foreign (Western) aid into: the country that
the entire national economy profited from. it. Since then, Somalia has
tried to exaggerate the number of refugees and to prevent their retum
home, or at least to play it down. In this they profit from Ethiopia's
original mistake of denying that. there had been any flight from the
Ogaden: after all, if someone did not flee, Ethiopia can't very well
list him asa returnee now. a

Sudan's chief of state Nimeiri who, like Siad Barre and Mengistu, came to
power through a.coup, relies on the army, U.S. approval and Saudi sub-
sidies. His. policies are determined by U.S. opposition to the Ethiopian
regime, and even. more so by deference to Saudi Arabia. He imposes
"Sharia," the Islamic law, upon the pagans and the few Christians in

the South Sudan. He is changing the Sudan from a laical-socialist state
into an Islamic republic and gives material, political and logistic
support to the Eritrean. and other Ethiopian rebels. The refugees from
Ethiopia are also‘a blessing for the enormous country, which is sparsely
populated, particularly in the North; with them and with foreign (Western)
refugee aid new land is being developed and the economic base broadened.
However, the Sudan pays for its support of the Ethiopian resistance with
civil war in the séuth. The rebellion fomented by Libya and Ethiopia

has within 18. months brought greater danger to the Nimeiri regime than
the 10-year-old civil war in north Ethiopia did to the Mengistu regime.

Egypt is interested in a friendly regime at its southern border in order to
have a free hand vis-a-vis Libya. For this reason, Egypt and the Sudan
jointly took care that the Chad rebel leader Hissein Habre was able to
chase the Libya-oriented regime of Goukoni Weddéye out of Ndjamena and
make himself chief of state. Chad, directed by Libya under Goukoni,

would have been dangerous for Nimeiri and could have brought the Nile
above Aswan into Qadhafi's power. Since the days of the pharohs, the


SALIM CALLS FOR BETTER TRAINED MILITIA
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 11 Mar 85 p 1
[Article by Abdallah Yakuti]

[Excerpt] The Prime Minister, Ndugu Salim Ahmed Salim, has underscored the need
to improve training for People's Militia in order to build up a competent reserve
force. £

?
In this endeavour, Ndugu Salim who is also Secretary for the party NEC Secretariat's
Defence and Security Commission, urged the Union and Zanzibar governments to make
available to militia camps with adequate facilities for training.

Closing a three-month People's Militia course for 135 people from the Zanzibar.
Urban West Region at Mwera yesterday, the Prime Minister said the two governments
should, as a matter of priority, deal with problems of uniforms, transport and
training equipment which have affected training of militia nation-wide.

The Premier, on the fifth day of his week-long tour of Zanzibar island, also stressed
refresher courses for those who had undertaken basic or intermediate militia

training to sharpen their preparedness in as far as learning new combat technics
and arms.

On the relationship between the militia and the regular forces, Ndugu Salim said
in the event of war the regular forces would provide the expertise and. leadership
@ the people organised under the militia would provide the bulk of the de-

fence system.

During peace time, he explained, the militia would be supposed to enhance security

at work places and factories and on key installations, complementing the police
force.

cso: 3400/903

93



j oan
; JPRS-SSA-85-034
23 April 1985

ZIMBABWE MATERIALS FOR NEW CAPITOL--The first consignment of construction mater-

dals for the Capital Development Authority (CDA) will be dispatched from Harare,
Zimbabwe early next month. This was announced in Dodoma over the weekend by the
Minister of State in the President's Office Responsible for Capital Development,

Ndugu Samuel Sitta, at a luncheon he hosted in honour of the visiting ZANU-PF
Political Bureau member, Ndugu A. Wenyimo. Ndugu Sitta said the consignment con~

sist of steel and sanitaryware which are needed by CDA for the completion of key
buildings in the capital transfer process. He said the goods form part of a 130m/-

(10 million Zimbabwean dollars) credit extended to CDA by the ZANU-PF commercial .
wing, Zimbabwe Development Corporation (ZIDCO) to be delivered over a period of

three years. The consignment will be despatched in the first week of April.

Ndugu Sitta, who has visited Zimbabwe, praised ZIDCO for its work in generating .
funds for ZANU-PF activities. He urged CCM to learn from ZANU-PF instead of rely- -
ing on revenue from the Government and Party members only. ZIDCO owns commercial
concerns from which it accrues funds for the party. Ndugu Wenyimo priased the cor-
dial relations existing between Tanzania and Zimbabwe, and especially between CCM

and ZANU-PF. [Text NEWS in English 11 Mar 85 p 1]

PRIVATE IMPORTATION EXPANDS—-The Government has added more items on the list of
goods which individuals and private companies can import using their own foreign
exchange. According to a press release made available to the DAILY NEWS in Dar es
Salaam yesterday and signed by the Minister for Industries and Trade, Ndugu Ba-

sil Mramba, the goods include bicycles and their spares, fishing equipment--boat
engines and pressure lamps and carpentry equipment. The move is aimed at improving
and strengthening agriculture, fishing, transport and the small scale industries
sector, especially in the rural areas, besides meeting the big demand for the
items, he said. The prospective importers must have a valid business licence
which can be obtained from regional or district trade offices, the statement said.
For goods worth 10,000/- or more, one is required to have an import licence from
the Central Bank. ‘The importers, however, would be required to pay customs duty
and sales tax for their goods, the statement stressed. The Government had earlier
allowed the importation of motor vehicles including buses loan carrying vehicles
spares parts, industrial machinery and their spares, tractors, textiles and gar-
ments, cooking oils, tooth paste and tooth brushes, shoes and shoe polish. Other
items include building materials and electrical goods. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY
NEWS in English 15 Mar 85 p 1]

cso: 3400/906

98


"T have many irons in the fire. We aré not desperate to“sell and T would be very --_ _.

happy to have 1,5 million tonnes under my belt. But if African countries need it
we have it.”

He said it cost about $40 dollars to store a tonne of maize for a year. About
half of that goes to interest charges as the money to pay the farmers was mostly
‘borrowed. There was no particular problem storing maize in Zimbabwe's climate
and grain could be stored for up to three years with losses no greater than half-
percent. But that was because of very strict standards on moisture content and
the like.

Although Zimbabwe's: producer price had been raised to $180 a tonne this year it
was probably the lowest in Africa, which would surprise many, as other African
countries had pushed up their prices as an incentive to farmers in an effort to
boost production.

Transport costs for cheaper American grain would be very high once the grain had
been shipped to South African ports--and these were the only ones able to handle
bulk deliveries--railed to other African countries.

Asked why, in light of the 450 000 tonnes of carry-over stocks, it had been neces-
gary to import 270 000 tonnes of maize last year, Sen Norman said the second year
of the three-year-drought had been the worst in living memory.

Grain had to be imported to bridge the gap between that season's deliveries and
the delivery of last season's crop.

The incredible success of the peasant farmers was due to many factors.--Own Corr.

cso: 3400/889

114



JPRS-SSA-85-034

[.
| 23 April 1985

~ SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL ANALYSTS CLAIM U.S. SANCTIONS "USELESS'
Sao Paulo FOLHA DE SAO PAULO in Portuguese 9 Mar 85 p 16

[Text] The economic sanctions proposed by the United States against South Africa
could damage the South African economy over the long term, if they are applied
with the utmost severity, but they do not represent a death blow to the local
business firms. This is the conclusion drawn by several South African political
analysts.

Yesterday, a group of United States politicians submitted a bill to Congress
banning investments in South Africa, the sale of computers to Pretoria and the
importing of gold currency, the "krugerrand."

South African political analysts maintain that the bill. falls quite short of
previous proposals for the withdrawal of the current investments, valued at
$3.billion, as a means for pressuring the white minority government.

Prof Carl Nofke, director of the Institute of American Studies at the Randse
(Afrikaaner) University, thinks that ‘the measures called for in the bill would
not prove effective, owing to the current depression of the South African
economy. The ban on new investments would end up damaging the competitive
status of the 350 American firms operating in South Africa. He remarked:
"With the lack of new capital, the American companies would not succeed in
competing on the South African market."

The Pretoria government did not react to the bill, sponsored by the Democratic
senator, Edward Kennedy, who recently visited South Africa; but it prohibited
South Africans from supporting such measures.

Bill Lacey, economic director of the Association of South African Chambers of
Commerce, described the bill as "disturbing," but doubts that the measures
will be stringently applied. He claimed: "To have any effect, it would have
to be applied with an iron hand." Although the law could be a forerunner of
more severe measures, "it will.not suffice to bring about the fundamental
changes that.it seeks."

2909
CSO: 3442/208

61



At present, his daily routine is hectic. . The father of "four: biological
children" (a son who has already given him a graridehild and three daughters),
and three adopted children, he finds almost no time for the family. Awake
at dawn, he devotes an hour to meditation, and exercises on a bicycle "so as
not to become too fat," and at 0600. hours ‘holds a religious service at the
church in Soweto, a black district where heshas lived in a modest manner
until the present.

He goes to the church of St Alban, in the western section of Johannesburg,
seat of the archbishop's residence, by bus. He arrives at 0800 hours and
reads the newspapers. In the white press, he encounters harsh criticism of
himself daily. He deals with the correspondence with his secretary and, at
0900 hours, goes. to church for further prayers. At 1000 hours, the audiences
and meetings begin. He lunches at 1230 hours and takes a "little siesta" in
a sleeping-bag that he keeps in his own office.

In the afternoon, there are further audiences and visits to the parishes,
particularly the white ones, to break the resistance to his recent appointment.
He returns home about 2000 hours in the evening. ie

Short, likable and jovial, Tutu does not keep any kind of security. He knows
that he could be the target of an attack, but he does not seem concerned about
the problem. The mere mention of ‘his name is capable of arousing rage among
certain whites. The taxi driver who took us to the interview pretended not to
know the street, when we said that we were going to look for the archbishop,
and made us get out of the car, suggesting that we telephone and find out how
to reach St. Alban.

Despite all the difficulties, Tutu shows an unshakeable confidence in his
mission and in a future of peaceful coexistence between whites and blacks:
"The blacks do not hate the whites because they are white. They hate a white
system in which injustice and oppression prevail. And this is what must be
changed, for the good of South Africa, and in the interests of its entire
population, white and black."

White South Africans Fear Church

FOLHA: You have just assumed the position ,of Anglican archbishop of Johannes-
burg. But your Nobel Prize is still quite recent, something that must. bring
you a large number of invitations ta visit other countries and to deliver
lectures. How do you intend to reconcile those two statuses which you have?

Tutu: I try not to accept any kind of invitation that would take me away from
Johannesburg, at least this year. I want this year to become familiar with
the diocese and to have the diocese become familiar with me. You have probably
already noticed the great hostility toward me among the white community. That
hostility also exists among a considerable. number of whites who are members of
my church. I hope that, when those whites have a chance to know me personally,
to see me, and to talk with me, instead of only listening to what is said
about me in the newspapers and on television, they will change their minds.

67



JPRS-SSA-85-034
23 April 1985

- - ANGOLA

UNITA'S SAVIMBI WARNS PORTUGAL, KNOWS OF MERCENARIES
Coutinho-Recruited Mercenaries -
Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 16 Mar 85 p 7

{Excerpts] The recent measures adopted by the Portuguese government against
RENAMO [Mozambique National Resistance] led Jonas Savimbi, leader of the
UNITA [National Union for the Total Independence of Angola], to. launch a
"serious warning" to Lisbon, stating that Portugal "would create a very seri-
ous situation" if it adopted any measures against the representatives of his
movement.

In an interview to Ricardo Branco, correspondent of RADIO RENASCENCA in
Johannesburg, Savimbi indicated that any strong measure by the Lisbon govern-
ment would "endanger the approximately 100,000 Portuguese still living in
Angola." He added that the UNITA would no longer be able to respect
Portuguese interests in the former colony.

The Angolan leader--who was being interviewed by the newsmen in his military
headquarters in Jamba, in the southeastern area of Angola--affirmed that he
knew, through circles sympathetic to his cause in South Africa, about the
threats made against RENAMO representatives, culminating in the government's
refusal "to forbid the return of some of them to Portugal." He added that
"the Portuguese government would have a lot to lose if it adopted similar
measures against the UNITA."

In reference to the positions assumed by the Lisbon government vis-a-vis the
conflict in Angola, Savimbi stated that Mario Soares' government has been the
"most prudent".of all the governments that came to power in Portugal after the
25th of April [1974] and that Lisbon has the moral obligation to respect the
agreement it signed with the UNITA following the Treaty of Alvor.

Savimbi also said that he knows of the existence in Portugal of a large num-
ber of UNITA sympathizers who do not agree with the situation in Angola; he
added: "It would be a very serious matter if Lisbon ignored this situation."

Moreover, Savimbi mentioned the presence of military in the ranks of the

MPLA [Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola]--sent there by Admiral
Rosa Coutinho--and indicated he knew the present commander of these forces,

12



He said, however, that in Kagera where bananas have~been affected by weevils and
nematodes, the people should not wait for research findings on how to deal with
the two problems but to cultivate other crops such as maize, cassava, beans and
sweet potatoes all of which he said did well in the region and could give better
results if modern farming techniques were applied.

While at Muleba, Ndugu Kawawa commissioned a lorry for Tukutuku Village and was

presented with 5,000/- by the village and 250,000/- by the district being contribu-
tions towards the CCM headquarters fund. .

|
|
_ so: 3400/902
|

95



JPPS-SSA-85-034
"1.23 April 1985

ANGOLA

HUILA PROVINCIAL COMMISSARIAT OPENS MEETINGS
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 2 Mar 85 p3

{Text] Lubango--Yesterday, with a view toward the reinforcement of organiza-
tion, improvement in work methods and better control activity, the Huila
Provincial commissariat opened a series of sectorial meetings with all the
agencies operating in the province. . 2

With these work meetings, to be held during the first half of this year, the
Provincial commissariat is attempting, in cooperation with the party's
Provincial committee, to undertake an improvement in the concrete situation
of the different enterprises and services in the organizational and operation-
al area. . . ‘

That executive organ of the party in the province will also become apprised of
the status of human resources and the’ use made of the native and foreign work
force, and especially the skilled work force, based on the instructions
emanating from the party's first congress and the recommendations contained
in the speeches of Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, at the opening
and closing of that great political event. |
The necessary data will be procured to make it possible to adopt some measures
to better monitor and control private activity, with a view toward greater
backing, which will actually help to meet the people's increasing requirements.

For better performance of the work, the provincial commissariat set up two
working commissions, coordinated by the assistant.! provincial commissar and
by the coordinator of the economic and social development department of the
party's provincial committee. The working commissions include members of
the planning office of the Huila provincial commissariat, the finance delega-
tion, the banking delegation and the first secretary of the provincial union
of each sector. .

The opening session of this series of meetings held yesterday, which marked
the first sectorial meeting for the branch of industry, was directed by the
assistant commissar, representing the top-ranking leaders of the province,
Lt Col Rafael Sapilinha (Sambalanga), with the participation of members of
the party's executive body, the government, the mass and social organizations
and guests.

17



CENTRAL CONTROL
But he said that he could not be-
lieve that the MNR rebels were now
operating wiout any central congo
“Armed men who Sabotage railway
lines and electricity power lines and

‘who extend their activities to all parts

of the country must know what they
are doing,” he said.

Economically, the country was on
its knees with wit

” There was also a belief that, what.

ever happened, Mozambique would
not pull out of the accord, at least for
the time being.

“I think that the recent public accu-
sations by Mozambique against South
Africa are aimed at putting pressure
on the West to help solve the prob-
lem,” said Professor Barratt. -

Professor Mike Hough said if Mo-
zambique pulled out of the Nkomati
Accord it could look for help only
from the Soviet Union.

—!
i

JPRS-SSA-85-034
23 April 1985

Professor John erate af ti the Insti-
tute of International Affairs, said he
understood the situation had im-
proved in central

Ne power is flowing from Cahora Bassa to the

Apollo distribution station in South Afriea. The

map shows where some pylens have been blown
up near Chimoio.

Koomatiport Mayor Comments

a Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Mar 85 p 11



Meanwhile Shihata reported that non-payment of cotitributions by. members had been
cited as among problems facing the Movement for the-past five years.

.
The PYM Secretary General, Oumar Diarso, told the General Conference that non-
payment of contributions to the Movement had seriously affected and could, in the
short run, prevent the General Secretariat from operating properly.

Presenting a five-year report of the PYM General Secretariat, Diarso also said a
number of organisations declined to host PYM manifestations whereas they had ac-
¢epted to do so.

Faced with such a situation, the PYM Secretary General said, the General Secre-
tariat had considered to propose to its member organisations to intensify the
Movement's activities.

The PYM called for concerted efforts to promote African unity through the Organi-
sation of African Unity.

cso: 3400/907

91



JPRS-SSA-85-034 :
re -| 23 April 1985

UNIVERSITY STAFF BLAMED FOR MISLEADING STUDENTS
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 13 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] A section of the teaching staff at the University of Nairobi has been
blamed for misleading students at the institution by Local Government Minister,
Mr. Moses Mudavadi.

The minister querried the authenticity of the actions of some of the lecturers
saying they had accomplished their goals in life and wondered what they wanted
to gain from polluting the minds of the students by importing foreign ideologies
to them. .

Calling on the students. to desist from engaging in activities which resulted in
the disruption of their studies, Mudavadi reiterated he would soon hold a meeting
with all university students in his province in order to advise them.

He said the government was spending huge sums of money from the national budget
on education and regretted that some students went against authority by engaging
in activities aimed at undermining the system which catered for their learning.

Mudavadi who Was addressing students and staff of Chavakali High School, under-
scored the importance of students solving problems through proper channels.

He asked school heads to discard cowardly tendencies and called on them to address
themselves to issues affecting students on time before such issues went out of
Proportion.--KNA

CSO: 3400/885

29


: : JPRS-SSA-85-034 ~
: | 23 April 1985

Col Leitao Fernandes. He stated, however, that a distinction must be made, a

because if there are some military who are involved. in thé fighting, there are Tt
also many who remain in Luanda and in Dondo, where they only Provide training
and logistic support.

Savimbi affirmed that if Col Leitao Fernandes has the support of certain
Angolan officers, the truth is that there is a certain faction among FAPLA
{Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola] which does not agree with his pre-
sence in Angola, and that this fact does not permit him to do what he wishes
to accomplish. "On the other hand," Savimbi added, "the Cubans are rather
unhappy about the training provided to Angolan soldiers by the Portuguese
military. One must remember that the Cubans are those who offer military
equipment to Jose Eduardo dos Santos and who are keeping the MPLA in power.
Leitao Fernandes’ work will sooner or later end up in disaster."

In conclusion, Savimbi said that "it was the wrong thing to do for the Portu-
guese to support the MPLA and to send troops to Angola to help the Luanda
government."

Coutinho's Business Activities
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 15-21 Mar 85 p 5

[Text]: Following the 25th of April, one of the most successful businessmen
who is achieving increasingly prosperous results is Admiral Rosa Coutinho;
“he presides over two important export-import firms. We are talking of the,
"Vesper" and the "Coteco" companies, which specialize in operations with
Angola. Recently, the Luanda Fair enjoyed Rosa Coutinho's important coopera-
tion and all the Portuguese firms who showed their products in the Angolan
capital had to pay a commission to the former Navy officer known for his
adherence to the Portuguese Communist Party. The "Coteco" is a firm that
specializes in the recruitment of mercenaries for the Angolan army. As is
well known, the UNITA and MPLA both recruit mercenaries in Lisbon, whom they
then use in the fratricidal war that is destroying the Angolan homeland. In
conclusion: whoever wishes to transact business with Angola must first go
to Admiral Rosa Coutinho's office. Here is someone who has benefited from
the 25 April 1974. revolution.

cso: 3542/150



JPRS-SSA-85-034
_ 23 April 1985

of the conversation, Anatoliy Kalachnik said that the problem of peace in the
world is a rather controversial issue on.the one hand, and a.simple one, on

the other. Explaining it better, the Soviet Union's military attache. in
Mozambique noted that, in the first instance, the great difference that exists
between the socialist bloc and the capitalist one is the main reason for the
Present tense atmosphere; and, in the second instance, he remarked.that, since
we all live on the same planet, we mst seek solutions for coexistence.
Discussing the problems affecting other countries of the socialist community,
especially the People's. Republic of Mozambique, Anatoliy Kalachnik said that
the imperialist ambitions here are very obvious, citing, by way of example,

the fact that it is very clear to everyone that the movement of the armed
bandits was not created in Mozambique, but rather outside it. After commenting
that this phenomenon is nothing new in the world, Anatoliy Kalachnik mentioned
some similar instances experienced by the Angolan, Nicaraguan and Afghan
revolutions, and gave a reminder of what had occurred with the Cuban revolution.
In the opinion of the Soviet Union's military attache in Mozambique, the
imperialists take advantage of this type of struggle when they lack social
bases that would enable them to create a political movement opposed to the
regime established in the targeted country. That official of the Soviet Union's
Army and Navy said that, to create armed banditry in a country, the imperialists
use alienated persons, mercenaries and counterrevolutionaries of various types;
adding that, without outside support, the armed bandits of themselves could not
exist and, as a rule, any bandit movement has financial and military backing
from imperialist. circles. In the specific case of Mozambique, Anatoliy Kalach-
nik remarked that the action of the Armed Forces of Mozambique has not allowed
the course of history to turn back. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 22
Feb 85 p 5] 2909 tone

MILITIAS TRAINED IN PALMA--A few days ago, in the district of Palma, in Cabo
Delgado Province, a politico-military training course which involved local
Party andstate officials, as well as officials of the democratic mass organiza-
tions, came to a close. Heads of the communal villages existing in the dis-
trict took part in this event. At the closing ceremony, the district adminis—
trator called upon the participants to mobilize the population in order to
heighten the vigilance, for the purpose of neutralizing any type of enemy
action. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 11 Mar 85 p 3] 2909

CSO: 3442/212/226

57



"Z should not have left in the first place. This country is simply wonderful. i
The cost of living is low. But you only realise it-when it is too late."

This "returnee" was a neighbour of the writer of this article before he left for
South Africa where he did not stay more than six months before realising he had
made a costly mistake.

"I lost a beautiful house in Bulawayo; my lifetime investment, because I did not
give the Government a chance," he said. "I should have sat down to think. Now
I realise I acted too hastily," he said.

"I sold my household property and the house itself for fifteen thousand dollars
Decause I was in a hurry.to get away. I have part of the money saved up but I
doubt whether I'll ever get another property like that for the amount."

Fortunately for him he has found a job in Harare "and I have come back to stay.
Black rule or no black rule". He declined to explain why he had decided to return
to Zimbabwe despite all the negative reporting in some South African newspapers
about the security situation in some parts of Zimbabwe.

A black Zimbabwean doctor who until the beginning of the year lived in Harare
told of how a "returnee". wanted him out of a house he had bought from the white man.

The doctor, who lived in Zambia during the struggle, said he paid $8 000 for the
house in 1982. "I just could not believe my ears when I was told of the price,”
he said. "The owner said he would let me have the furniture, fridge and cooker if
I paid him two thousand dollars on top of the eight for the house. It was too
good to be true, but there it was and the deal was clinched.”

It was a bargain "I could not resist," said the doctor.

The white man had, against the advice of friends, decided to gap it to South Af-
rica "so I can die near my children". He did not die and is back in Zimbabwe.

The doctor said the unfortunate part was that after a few months "down South" the
man wanted his house back. "I told him under no circumstances was I selling..."

There is the case of Mr X a leading businessman in Pulawaya. He left for South
Africa but soon returned to Zimbabwe because he could not stand it out there.

"I don't think he will make a similar move again," said a black Zimbabwean friend
of the businessman.

A senior employee of a parastatal organisation in the city said several employees
who had resigned soon after Independence were slowly returning and some had re-
applied to join the organisation.

"They have had to start at the bottom although they eventually end up at the top
again.

110



( .
. JPRS-SSA-85-034 =
mos | 23 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

FOUR HUNDRED JOIN IN POLICE RECRUITMENT DRIVE
Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Mar 85 p 1

[Text] Four hundred more potential policemen are being recruited and the police
have officers on postgraduate courses.

“Last week the Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, reviewed a pass-out parade of 392 police-
men in Harare who had successfully completed a six-months' training. Many of
these new policemen saw service in the liberation armies.

The Deputy Commissioner (personnel and training), Cde Nebbie Madziwa, told THE
HERALD yesterday that all 392 had now been deployed and were posted to all parts
of the country. Troubled areas like Matabeleland had been given emphasis when
the postings were decided.

For some days now the force has been selecting new recruits and hundreds of young
men and women have been queueing at police general headquarters in Harare hoping
for selection.

The continuing recruitment would help the force combat security problems in the
country. .

“Trrespective of whether one is an ex-combatant or not," said Cde Madziwa, "the
force is open to everyone meeting our requirements."

The police are also sponsoring several of the graduate officers they recruit each
year on specialised postgraduate courses, said Cde Madziwa. 4

A panel was responsible for selecting each year those graduate recruits who would
receive further training at university in Zimbabwe, or outside if the required
course was not available here. "One or two are studying law at the University of
Zimbabwe and one is overseas studying forensic science."

Cde Madziwa said the force would continue sending officers to institutions of
higher learning for training in specialised skills so the shortage of skilled
personnel in the police would be eased. .

Recruits with higher educational qualifications can gain slightly higher rank than
others when completing training but from then on their promotion is strictly on
merit.

cso: 3400/886

112



Bumper Maize Harvest Predicted
(THE CHRONICLE, 20 Mar 85) .ececeeee

Briefs
Road Contract
Holland Gives Aid for Bags

dee ccccccecsececcscccevelld

115
115


MAINLAND, ISLAND COOPERATION DISCUSSED

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 14 Mar 85 p 1

[Article by Abdallah Yakut1]

(Excerpt]

SENIOR executive’ from the

Prime Minister's Office (PMO)
and their counterparts in the Zan-
ibar's Chief Minister's Office
(CMO) yesterday held a joint
meeting here to discuss greater
co-operation between institutions
of the Zanzibar and Union
governments.

A press release issued by CMO
in Zanzibar yesterday-at the end
of an hour-long meeting said the

Inion

+The brief statement said the
meeting, the first since the new
leadership of Zanzibar's Third

Phase of Revolution, discussed a.

number of issues pertaining to co-
Operation and co-ordination bet-
ween institutions under the two
governments.

Details of the talks were not
given, but the statement said the
Cabinet, members for the Union
and Zanzibar governmerits would
meet at a time to be announced
Imer to make a follow-up on mat-
wes sserend upon at yesterday's

executives who ‘attended
yesterday's meeting held at the
CMO at Vuga. Zanzibar town. in-
cluded Minister of State in the
PMO, Ndugu Anna Makinda. the
Principal Secretarv in the PMO,

csO: 3400/905

Ndugu Pius Msekwa, and the

Deputy Principal "Secretaries,

Naugu Wilfred Mwabulambo
idugu Charles Keenja..

The Isies Government was

represented by the. Minister of

fice, Ndugu Ramadhani Shaabani
and. the Principal Secretary in
(CMO, Ndugu Mohamed Mazale.-:

89

JPRS-SSA-85-034
-23 April 1985



|

| JPRS-SSA-85-034 -

“Se | 23 April 1985

KENYA

ADMINISTRATION POLICE FORCE'S REPUTATION DECRIED
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 7 Mar 85 p &

[Text] The commandant of the administration police force, Mr. Kinuthia Mbugua,
has said the image of the force was being marred by unrully askaris.

He said there were widespread incidents in which askaris had defied orders from
their superiors.

Addressing administration policemen from Nyanza Province at Kisumu social centre,
Mbugda narrated incidents in which askaris have their superiors, wananchi and
political leaders. :

He advised‘them to avoid the hostile attitude whereby some of them refused to
communicate vital information concerning thieves and other criminals to the au-
thorities. : .

Mbugua said askaris were required to improve their image by working hard in ar-
resting criminals on wanted lists. "You should also behave well and reduce "or-
derly proceedings" which only wasted time that the district officers could have
spent solving wananchi's problems, he advised.

He told them there were over 200 vacancies for inspectors and a number of chiefs
inspectors in the administration police.

Mbugua said promotion will depend on the recommendation of their immediate super-
iors.

The commandant advised the askaris not to sleep while on duty as they could easily
lose their guns to thieves and also jeopardise whatever they were guarding.

He advised them not to go on unscheduled chang'aa-raiding parties as these would
land them in trouble.

Inorder to foster good understanding between the askaris and chiefs, the chiefs
were being enrolled in a new month course at Administration Training College,
Embakasi, while assistant chiefs were given lectures on the subject at local semi-
nars, said Mbugua.

cso: 3400/883

34



NYERERE REJECTS BUSH'S CALL FOR ‘DECONTROLLING CROP PRICES

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 13 Mar 85 p 1

CSO: 3400/904

96

JPRS-SSA-85-034
. 23 April 1985



He added that if the students had not been contrdled-by “the authorities the situa-
tion could have been explosive to the detriment of Peace, law and order.

He said the accused were in custody for a month and they have themselves to blame.

CSO: 3400/883

37