SATS WORKERS TO LOSE BONUSES

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 9 Mar 85 p 35

[Text]

CSO:

The harshest economic
measures imposed in more
than half a century, were
announced this week when

the . South African’

Transport Services cut
back bonuses due to their
employees by thirty three
per cent.

It is the first time since
1929 that a Government in-
stitution announced .a
:decrease in the remuneration

‘of its employees.

News of the announcement
swept through the country
like a shockwave as. nearl
7 500 employees of the So:
African Transport Services in
‘South West Africa were in-
formed that their already
tight budget for the for-
thcoming year would be

3400/858

- more than this.

skimmed even further.

The regional manager of
the South African Transport
Services in South West
Africa, Mr Willie Strauss,
said that his department had
already cut back expenditure
by sixteen per cent over the
past two years by reducing
personnel. .

This however was not suff-
cient and the Transport ser-
vices would have to make this
sacrifice to save the economy
from total ruin. “g * »

Mr Strauss said that

employees earning less than
R6 000 annually woild not
be affected but he could not
say what percentage of the
7 500 employees were earning

55

JPRS-SSA-85-033

19 April 1985

He could not say for how
long this newly imposed
measure would be applied or
whether it would be taken in-
to reconsideration in the
foreseeable future.

Many employees were
dissatisfied with. the
knowledge that their thir-

“teenth cheque would be

reduced and in general felt
that they have already made
80 many sacrifices to con-
tribute. towards saving and
even carrying the extra
burden of less people doing
more work, that it was unfair
to reduce their well-earned
money. .
Employees of the So

African Transport Soviet
were due to received the
bonus in April.

NAMIBIA



JPRS-~SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

BANANA PARDONS FORMER DEPUTY SPEAKER
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85 p 13

[Text] HARARE--President Canaan Banana of Zimbabwe has exercised his preroga-
tive of mercy to release James Bassoppo-Moyo, a former deputy speaker of the
House of Assembly, who was serving a two-year jail term for attempted murder.

Bassoppo-Moyo petitioned the President for release because of ill health,
according to the Secretary of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, Mr
David Zamchiya.

Bassoppo-Moyo remains a convict, and though the balance of his sentence has
been waived, he has not been pardoned.

He was admitted to the Harare Central Hospital on February 11, a few hours
before his appeal against conviction for attempted murder was rejected by the
Supreme Court, and has remained in hospital since then.

Bassoppo-Mayo (65) was convicted in October for shooting and wounding Mr
Oliver Masilwa and Mr Bernard Hutire at a bottle store in Mvuma on April 29
last year. It was found he committed the offences out of jealousy and not to
quell a disturbance, as he ‘had claimed.

Mr Hutire was the son of a business rival.

Bassoppo-Moyo was sentenced to five years' jail, two of which were condition-
ally suspended for five years. Later the sentence was reduced by a further
year.

Mr Zamchiya said Bassoppo-Mayo would remain in hospital but would no longer be
a prisoner there.

CSO: 3400/862

119



CSO:

3400/859

,#lso underway to harness the Kotebe
and Luke rivers for recreational use
and fish breeding. A thorough study
is being conducted by government
agencies concerned and professionals
to make the new water project feasible.
At present modern sewerage filteration
station has been constructed where
water that is coming from different
Anstitutions, big buildings. and villages
twill be filtered and “be used for irri-
gation purposes.

After inspecting the site following
the | briefings Comrade Merigistu

“Haile-Mariam gave directives to the

pertinent officials thet: the project

“should be accomplished with proper

care to satisfy the water supply need

of the residents of Addis Ababa whose.» .

number, is increasing and thet the
culture of developing vegetables
would be popularised. :

Comrade :Mengistu said that the
dams will give valuable service to the
people and reminded them to step up
- the construction work.

Present during the tour were Com-
rade Fasika Sidelel, Alternate mem- -
‘her of the Politburo and Secretary
cof the CC.of WPE, and other. mem-
bers of the CC of WPE.

21



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lleadlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
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ptocessed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enelosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

RECORD HARVEST FOR NATION'S BLACK FARMERS
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 11 Mar 85 p 16
[Article by Sven Oste]

[Text] Murewa--The population of Africa is growing much faster than the pro-
duction of foodstuffs. The gap has increased in the last few decades—-the
drought and famine in recent years in a number of countries only dramatized
the crisis of that continent. There are few bright spots, very few--one of
them is Zimbabwe.

It has now rained since late fall right through January and February. This
promises to be a record harvest. With a corn surplus that will come largely
from the small black farmers. This is a big and remarkable success, About
5 years ago the small farmers did not produce enough corn for their own con-
sumption.

Now Denis Norman, minister of agriculture, estimates that this year's harvest
will produce 1.3-1.5 million tons of corn and that means a surplus of 600,000
tons for export. Close to 40 percent of all the corn comes from small
farmers, Norman pointed out. That is the sensational result of the govern-
ment's efforts during Zimbabwe's 5 years of independence.

When the war of independence ended in 1980 and white Rhodesia became free
Zimbabwe there were 5200 white farmers in the country. They owned almost
half of all the land. The big roads went through the white areas. A chain
of small towns had grown up to maintain the economy and the people of the big
farms.

Like large and small islands in the white area lay the "tribal lands" which
contained the majority of the black population.

The war was perceived by many blacks as a fight against the white farmers--and
they expected victory and freedom to lead to a division of the white-owned
property. It is true that the peace agreement gave the big farmers guaran-
tees that the land would not be nationalized~-but many people, both black and
white, regarded these paragraphs as meaningless. In the neighboring countries
of Mozambique and Angola the collapse of Portugese colonialism 5 years pre-
viously had led to a mass exodus of white farmers.

115



JPRS-SSA-85~-033
19 April 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

DROUGHT COOPERATION WITH NIGER--Nigeria and the Republic of Niger have agreed
to intensify scientific research into drought and desertification through the
Nigeria/Niger Joint Commission. A communique issued at the end of talks in
Kaduna between the Kaduna State Governor, Air Vice Marshal Usman Mu'azu, and
the Governor of Zinder in Niger Republic, Lt-Col. Moumouni Adamou, called on
peoples in drought affected areas to stop cutting down trees for firewood
and find alternative sources of energy such as kerosine, gas and coal. The
two countries also agreed that if cattle could stop feeding solely on grass,
the problem of desertification would be considerably reduced. The communique
commended the two countries' efforts to control rinderpest, but said that there
was need for more control posts at the border. Lt.-Col. Adamou, who arrived
in Kaduna on Friday on a three-day visit, thanked the government and people
of the state for the reception accorded him and his entourage. [Text]
{Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 26 Feb 85 p 9]

ABUJA MASTER PLAN--T te Master Plan for Abuja would be followed strictly in the
development of the Federal Capital Territory, Major-General Mamman Vatsa,
Minister of the territory, has declared. In his first national press briefing
in Abuja, General Vatsa said this was to ensure an orderly and even develop-
ment of the territory. He said the plan provided for a four-phase development
for the capital with a population of 230,000: 600,000; 650,000 and 1,700,000
reppectively. So far, the minister said, phase one area of the capital had
been planned and infrastructural facilities had been provided in half of the
area. About 90 per cent of road network, he said, had been executed in the
area, while water projects capable of supplying water to a population of over
650,000 had been executed, with the construction of the Jabi and Usuma Dams.
General Vatsa said about 40,000 housing units would be built in the area,
adding that over 10,000 housing units had either been completed or were under
construction. On health, General Vatsa said 29 dispensaries, 10 basic health
clinics and 9 mobile clinics had been established, while a 300-bed general
hospital was now under construction. [Mike Réts] [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN
in English 7 Mar 85 p 16]

cso: 3400/814

64


NEW PLAN TO CUT GOVERNMENT SPENDING ANNOUNCED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19

[Text]

cso:

3400/857

“A-'NEW cash-flow plan-

ning system to try and
limit overspending by
Government _ depart-

“ments has been intro- ,
duced by the Minister of !

Finance, Mr Barend du
Plessis.

Delivering his first

Budget speech to a joint
sitting in the. House.of
Assembly yesterday, he
said that the measures
announced in last year’s
budget had achieved
only “limited success”.

The system had at-
tempted to peg monthly
recurrent expenditure at
about one twelfth of the
annual provision.

“This approach will

‘be replaced in the com-

ing year by a cash-flow
planning. mechanism

‘based on a 12-month

projected cash profile of
the expected spending
of each department. -

“The purpose of this
monitoring exercise is to
créate an early-warning
system for possible
over-expenditure, so as
to enable departments
to take timeous and
compensatory steps, or
for the Cabinet to con-
sider ‘the priority and
other implications of
unavoidable but justi-
fied additional expendi-
ture.”

Mar 85 p 13

With the commitment
of his Cabinet. col-
leagues. and their de-
partments, this combi-
nation of intensified
monthly monitoring and
compensatory . action,
where required, would
keep overruns to a mini-,
mum.

He wanted to caution
analysts not to use the
statistics of exchequer
issues, particularly for
the first quarter of the
next fiscal year, as early
indicators of State
spending.

These statistics were
normally subject to sea-
sonal variation and in
the coming year there
were special factors,'
such as interest on pub-
lic debt and the in-
creases in teachers’ sal-
aries to distort such
comparisons further.

75

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



ABSENTEE LANDLORDS SHOULD SELL FARMS TO NATIONALS

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 26 Feb 85 p2

[Article by Bapasi Mphusu]

[Text]

PARLIAMENT: Absentee
landlords should sell their
undeveloped farms to
Batswana so that agricultural
development could go on,
the MP for Bobirwa, Mr Walter
Mosweu, suggested in
Parliament Thursday evening.
“Making his comments
during the debate on the

‘budget speech, Mr Mosweu

said that there were many
landlords who owned farms

_ in Botswana but stayed in

South Africa and other

countries, Headded that their’

farms were lying dormant,
and stated that if they did not
want to develop them they
should sell these farms. to
Batswana. : :

He said he hoped that the
ministry concerned would do
something about these
absentee landlords. He also
called on the government to
negotiate with South Africa
so that ESCOM electricity
could be pulled to the Tuli
Block for farmers in that area
to use power for irrigation.

Mr Mosweu also suggested

CSO: 3400/866

. that the government must try

to. dam most of the rivers to
encourage irrigation schemes
in the Tuli Block.
Onlivestock conditions, the
MP complained that in his
constituency there was no

* vaccine supplied, and stated

that this was another way of
encouraging cattle mortality.

The Member of Parliament
for Lobatse/Barolong, Mr
Ronald Sebego, requested
the Ministry of Agriculture to
supply more information on
the proposed irrigation
farming in the Okavango and
Chobe areas.

Mr Sebego also suggested

» that big commercial farmers

should be helped by the
government because their
produce could substitute food
imports.

On the Botswana Meat
Commission (BMC), he said
that the workers there were
living in squalid conditions.
He added that BMC

~ employees worked harder

11

than everybody in the country
but the commission
disregarded their conditions.

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

BOTSWANA



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

LONG-TERM FINANCIAL STRATEGY DETAILED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 13

{Text ]

cso:

THE Minister of Finance,
Mr Barend du Plessis an-
nounced the —Govern-
ment’s long term financial
strategy and said agree-
ment had already been
reached on three-quarters
of total budgetary expen-
ditures to ‘the year
1990/91.

He said it was import-
ant to view the Budget in
the context of the Gov-
ernment’s longer term fis-
cal and monetary policy.

“This is. particularly
necessary at this juncture
because today’s Budget is
in more ways than one a
‘special’ budget designed
to deal with a ‘special’ set
of circumstances,” he
said. It was not represen-
tative of the official long-
er term financial strategy.

The main goals of this
strategy was a higher and
sustainable rate of real
economic growth and the
creation of adequate em-
ployment opportunities
on the basis of reasonable
Price stability and a sound
balance of payments.

The economy had the
potential for rapid and
sustainable growth and
the Government was
committed to. realising
this potential.

The major concern was
that the achievement of
an average annual growth

3400/857

rate of 3,6 percent until
the end of the decade, as
envisaged by the 1979
economic development
programme, still left the
country with a structural
unemployment problem.

“Special measures to
deal with this issue are
therefore called for,” Mr
Du Plessis said.

The strategy to achieve
the long term goals was
based on the following fi-
nancial principles:

@ All expenditure,
curtent and capital, for
which the Exchequer as-
sumed responsibility had
to be brought back on the
central — Government’s
Budget. (This excluded
State business enterprises
‘such as SA Transport Ser-
vices and Post and Tele-
communication);

@ Total public sector
spending in relation to
gross domestic product,
which in the past three
years increased from 35 to
37 percent, must be re-
turned to 1981 levels by
the end of the decade;

@ In future the deficit
before borrowing should
not exceed 3 percent of
the gross domestic prod-

uct, barring highly un-
usual circumstances:

@ Public sector dificits
should be financed in a
way which would help
achieve money supply tar-
get rates set by the mon-
etary authorities.

“As regards the second
and third of these goals,
the State President’s com-
mittee on national priori-
ties has already discussed
in depth preliminary
guidelines for growth in
public sector spending un-
til 1990/91,” the Minister
said.

This included general
government, State busi-
ness enterprises and pub-
lic corporations, as well as-
guidelines for the increase
in central Government
budgetary totals.

“In the case of the cen-
tral Government Budget,
preliminary targets have
been agreed’ upon for
nearly three-quarters of
our total budgetary ex-
penditures”.

The Commission of In-
quiry into the Monetary
System and Monetary
Policy in South Africa
had made an intensive
study of the feasibility

70

and desirability under
local conditions of setting
and announcing target
ranges of growth for mon-
etary agregates sucn as
M1, M2 and M3.

Its final report was ex-
pected in two months and
if its recommendations
proved acceptable, no
time would be lost in im-
plementing them.

The further lines of ac-
tion for longer term stra-
tegy were:

@ The Government
aimed to consider revising
certain figures of the pres-
ent tax system that will
serve to strengthen fiscal
incentives and to enhance
productive effort and pro-
ductivity, saving, invest-
ment, risk-taking and
innovation;

@ The Government
would seek to ease fur-
ther the remaining regidi-
ty of the labour market;
to promote the education ‘
and training of various
segments of the labour
force; and to foster the
geographical and occupa-
tional mobility of the
country’s labour — re-
source.


JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

IRANIAN FOOD AID-~The Ethiopian Red Cross Society (ERCS) yesterday received
a donation of 51,000 quintals of food grain, various kinds of nutritious food
and blankets worth 4,000,000 birr from the Red Crescent Society of the Is-
lamic Republic of Iran. The donation consists of 32,000 quintals of wheat ,
18,000 quintals of flour, 200,000 cans of food, 20,000 cans of powdered

milk, 2,000 blankets and 3,000 quintals of rice. The documents for the
donation were handed over to Comrade Dr. Dawit Zewde, President of the
Ethiopian Red Cross Society, by Mr. Hussein Bonakedar, Advisor of the
Secretary of the Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Speaking on. the occasion, Comrade Dr. Dawit called on the Red Cross and Red
Crescent societies to provide more relief supplies to help drought victims
and stressed that. the Ethiopian Red Cross Society is strengthening its relief
operations by adopting a short and long-term plans with a view to rehabilitat-
ing drought-affected compatriots and making them self-supporting. Comrade Dr.
Dawit Zewde also thanked the Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of
Iran for the donation. Mr. Hussein Bonakedar said on his part that he had
witnessed the efforts made by the Revolutionary Government and the Ethiopian
Red Cross Society to help and rehabilitate compatriots affected by drought
and pledged that the Islamic Red Crescent Society of Iran will continue its
support in the future. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English
2 Mar 85 p 3]

REYA WORK BRIGADES--SHOA (ENA)--A two-day meeting aimed at organising members
of the Shoa Region Revolutionary Ethiopia Youth Association (REYA) into four
work brigades is now in progress at the regtonal administration office. The
work brigades are to provide services in various projects, production centres
as well as in institutes of higher education. The participants of the meeting
are being briefed by comrades concerned on the role of youth in the implemen-
tation of the Ten-Year Perspective Plan and methods of organising REYA work
brigades. The two-day meeting is being attended by heads of youth affairs of
provincial WPE committees, chairmen of the various REYA committees in the re-
gion, and representatives of development and educational institutes, govern-
ment agencies and mass organizations in the region. Comrade Awgiehew Kefyalew,
member of the CC of WPE and Head of Organizational Affairs of the WPE Commit-
tee of Shoa region, underlined the timely importance of the meeting in promot-
ing youth participation in various development undertakings. He noted that
organising the youth in such a manner will help accelerate the nation's overall
development. Comrade Mekonnen Irgete, Chairman of the Shoa region REYA,

28


PLAN TO MARKET SURPLUS EGGS AIRED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23

[Text]

. manager of-the board, Mr . :.

cso:

THE EGG Board has

high hopes that it ison the ~

brink of a major break-
through in Africa — a
move which could help to
improve relationships be-
tween the Republic and
Black states.

The “secret weapon” is
a substance known as F F
F Fuit For Future.

It is a new instant prod-
uct made of eggs, protein
rich, and is to be ex-
ploited as a way of “movy-
ing” the country’s in-
creasing egg surpluses.

The deputy general

3400/857

Dawie Gouws, said in
Pretoria that the product
had already met with con-
siderable interest in a
number of African states.

Consumption and dis-
tribution possibilities in
South Africa were limited

“to’some extent. Compan-

ies and organisations with
big Black labour forces
had placed orders for the

sell it via supermarkets m .
"7 * "| the past.

time. .

Mar 85 p 5

Mr Gouws said that
consumption of eggs was
dropping generally in the
Western world = includ-
ing South Africa — as liv-
ing standards increased.

At the same time -pro-
duction methods were im-
Proving to the extent that
farmers were producing
more eggs from fewer
chickens, and no longer
had to keep as many
vhickens~as ‘they ~hadin

99

JPRS-SSA-35~-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

In addition, consumers
in the. Western world
were tending increasingly
to prepacked, pre-pre-
pared foods.

“The underdeveloped
Third ‘World countries
have a chronic shortage of
protein-rich foods: and
eggs, in their natural shell
form, are difficult to get
to these countries and to
be distributed in the ab-
sence of .a good infra-

"* stracture.”


. ‘At the moment there

are ‘six foot bridges in
Qacha's Nek district and
there are 43 of them in
the whole country all fi-
nanced by the Danish
government, while there
are 21 rura) clinics.

Lesotho is also getting
some technical staff from
the Danish government
for the Rural clinics.

The parliamentarians
left Lesotho on Thursday
this week.

THE Prime Minister Dr.
‘Leabua Jonathan told the
visiting Danish Foreign
Affairs Parliamentary De-
legation in Maseru on
Wednesday that South
Africa's apartheid policy
forms the crux of pro.
Dlems that stand in the
way of cooperation and
peaceful co-existence be-
‘tween South Africa and
her neighbours.

The Prime Minister sald
South Africa's so-called
Political dispensation has
excarcebated situation in
that country and that no
lasting _ peace can be
achieved within the frame-
work of apartheid. .

He added that this po-
jlicy has created a lot of
problems not only in South
Africa but also between
ithat country and - her
neighbours.

Citing the refugee pro-
blem as an example, Dr.
Jonathan said however Le.
sotho will continue to ful-
fill her international obli-
gation of accepting refu-

Bees on condition they ac- ;

cept end abide by their
conditions of asylum.

The Prime Minister said
‘df no solution is devised
‘to quickly dismantle apart-
held, the current levels of
desparation among - the
‘black people of South Afri.
;a will soar even higher
‘with grossly unpalatable
‘ consequences,

-On Namibia, Dr. Jona-
than said Lesotho is con-

3400/8712

35

vinced that the confronta-
tion between South Afri-
ca and SWAPO will esca-
late if the United Nations
Resolution 435 is: not im-
plemented soon.

If the question of the
Mnkage of Cuban troops
in Angola to Namibian in-
dependence is not. re-
moved, matters will take
a turn for the worse,
he added.

Speaking on the inter-
nal political situation: in
Lesotho, the Prime Min.
ister said that after the
coming elections whose
date may. be announced
‘soon, he hopes to have a
loyal opposition in parlia-
ment in contrast to the be.
haviour of the opposition
of the Basotuland Con-

ress Party.

He said it is the dis
“graceful behaviour of the
opposition which fs re.
ponsible for the diminish.
ing support of those par-
ties by Basotho who are
self respecting people.

In answer to a question
on the candidature of wo-
men in the coming elec.
tions, Dr. Jonathan said
Lesotho ranks among the
few African countries



JPRS-SSA-85-033

19 April 1985

NIGERIA

DIFFERENCES SAID CRYSTALLIZED BETWEEN BUHARI, BABANGIDA
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 6, 13 Mar 85 p 7
[Article: “Competitive Generals"]

[Text] The differences within Nigeria's Supreme Military Council (SMC) have
suddenly crystallized around a bitter argument between head of state Maj-
Gen. Mohammed Buhari and the chief of army staff, Maj-Gen. Ibrahim Babangida.
The row involves not only such immediate concerns as the defence budget

but the very nature of society and the role of the military, present and
future, Buhari sees himself increasingly as the statesman-guide in the aus- ‘
tere mould of the country's first president, Tafawa Balewa. But Babangida-~
who is inclined to trade on the image of former head of state Gen. Murtala
Mohammed--wants to institutionalise the army as Nigeria's permanent and
modernising vanguard.

By the end of February Babangida felt confident enough to issue a public
challenge. In a much publicised paper he proposed that Nigeria's industrial
base be developed to serve a ,defence-orientated economy, Drawing parallels
with Brazil, eh proposed an 'arms city' in the hinterland. Technology for
it "could be obtained by borrowing, stealing, direct purchase and licence-
buying for the purpose of investigation and development". He produced out-
lines for a 25-year~plan and suggested that key developments like the iron
and steel industry should be encouraged "as a deliberate policy to produce
locally defence-related goods". Finally, 'he said, "those who advocate less
spending on defence cannot win'.

At the time of Babangida's speech Buhari was touring the country telling
soldiers that austerity applied to them as much as anybody-~a point made in-
advertently by recent late payment to soldiers. Buhari's exhortations to
soldiers to polish their rifles contrasts sharply with Babangida's extrava-
gant military plans.

Buhari's inevitable preoccupation with the economy has led him to favour the
concept of an Islamic economic system, which he reckons is less exploitative,
less profit-orientated and therefore preferable to the western system.
Babangida is quite prepared to tolerate philosophising about capitalism and
Islam. But a confrontation was only narrowly avoided last week when the Kaduna
Zone military tribunal acquitted on corruption charges two former state gov-
ernors, Garba Nadama, of Sokoto and Lawal Kaita of Kaduna, for lack of evi- i
dence. :



GERMAN TRADE AGENCIES COOPERATE WITH LNDC

Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY in English 15 Feb 85 p 6

[Article by Joe Molefi]

[Text]

CSO:

TOP “Executives of the
German Finance Company
for Investments in Deve.
loping Countries (DEG)
in Cologne, and the Ger-
man ‘Agenty for Technical
Cooperation (GTZ). in

‘Frankfurt, held coopera-

tion talks in Maseru last
week with officials of the
Lesotho National Develop-
ment Corporation (LNDC)
and the Central Planning

_and Development Office.

The German Executives
were Dr. Helmut Polzer,

Project Manager of the
DEG, and Mrs. Ulrike;

Gantzer-Sommer, Project
Manager of the GTZ.

The Managing Director!

of the LNDC, Mr. L. B.
Monyake sald the Govern-
ment .of the Fedcral Re-
public of Germaay is in-

‘terested in technical coo.
;peration with the LNDC,

and also in equity partici-
pation with the Corpora-
tion to assist the LNDC in
its industrialisation pro.

gramme.

He said if the present
negotiations between the
Government of Lesotho
and the Federal Republic
of Germany are successful,

3400/871

31

the DEG would take up
equity in the LNDC, and
the GTZ would second
German technical experts
to Lesotho to help in stre-
ngthening the LNDC’s ope-
rations.

The German Finance
Company for Investments
in Developing Countries
(DEG) is the German fi-
nancing and consultative
institution for direct pri-
vate investments in de.
veloping countries.

The sole shareholder is
the Government of the Fe.
‘deral Republic of Germa-
ny, and the DEG’s share
capital is currently one
Billion German Marks.

“ The DEG fosters direct

ing to world-wide econom.
ic demands of structural
change.

‘The DEG also assists the
growth of the economies
of developing countries,
financing cooperation be-
tween German companies
and those in developing
countries on the basis of
genuine partnership. *

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 Apcil 1985

_LESOTHO



The main canal is about eleven metres wide and is capable of carrying 19 cubic
metres of water per second. The dam has 39 kilometres of main canal, 98 kilo~
metres of secondary canal and 37 kilometres of main drains.

The investigation showed that about 20 million Naira was spent for the payment
of compensation and resettlement of displaced persons at the site of the multi-
purpose dam.

According to official records of the resettlement scheme, about 12.2 million
Naira went to individuals as compensation for buildings, economic trees,
farmlands and other landed property.

Others were 3,160,450.04 Naira for construction of roads at New Kiri, Tallum,

Purokayo, Banjiram and other new resettlement areas, 375,657.37 Naita for
survey and consultance services, motor vehicles and personal emoluments.

cso: 3400/814



DECLINE IN LIVING STANDARDS EXPLAINED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 11

{Text ]

A TEMPORARY de-
cline in the average stan-
dard of living of South
Africans had to be accept-
ed as inevitable before
the economy improved,
the Minister of Finance,
Mr Barend du Plessis,
said. .

“This burden has to be
borne equitably across
the widest —_ possible
front.”

Indications were that ~

real gross domestic ex-
penditure would fall by
about four percent during
1985 and that real gross
domestic product would

show little improvement *

on 1984,

“During the past two
years, the South African
economy has been severe-
ly buffeted by an unpre-
cedented and continuing

~ stream of adverse, extra-

neous developments that :

has inevitably left us less
well-off as a nation than
we would otherwise have
been.”

CSO; 3400/857

This had brought about
a “painful process” of
belt-tightening and ad-
justments.

“A temporary decline
in the average standard of
living, before it resumes
its upward movement,
must therefore be accept-
ed as inevitable,” Mr Du

* Plessis said.

Until about the middle +
of last year, the response
of fiscal and monetary
policy to the economic cli-
mate had been too slow '
and lenient, he said. :

This had permitted
spending to rise at an ex-
cessive rate with adverse
consequences.

‘More resolute applica- '

, tion of the Government’s
financial stabilisation

_ policy since mid-1984 had
achieved initial objec: |
tives.

“Despite these policy
achievements, the mix of ;
monetary and fiscal policy '
thus far has not been
ideal,” Mr Du Plessis
* said.

High interest rates had
adversely affected many
farmers but had. not al-
ways been high enough to
prevent overspending.

Mr Du Plessis said the
marked economic up-
swing which preceded the
.présent downturn had
stemmed largely from
Government and private
consumer spending.

. These included a de-
cline in the gold price
from a peak of more than
511 dollars an ounce, the
drought and the sluggish
recovery in world demand
for some main non-gold
exports.

“The upshot was a

weakening of the balance

' of payments, a substantial

depreciation of the rand

and increased inflationary
pressures.”

Real gross domestic ex-
penditure’ . had _ gone
through two _ distinct
phases during 1984. At a

100

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

seasonally adjusted . an-
nual rate, it had risen by
10 percent during the first
half of the year, and thén
fallen by 5,5 percent in
the second, resulting in an
average increase of slight-
ly more than, 6 percent

-over the whole year.

Private * consumption
expenditure had risen by
8 percent in the first half
of the year and fallen by 9
percent in the second
half, giving an average in-
crease of 2,5 percent for
the year.

Government consump-
tion expenditure had in-
creased by 9,5 percent
while gross domestic fixed

» investment had declined

by 2,5 percent.

“Present —_ indications
are tha real gross domes-
tic expenditure will fall
further by about 4 percent
during 1985 and that real

ross domestic product
will show little increase

> over 1984,”


JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

RESISTANCE MOVEMENT MAY BE RECEIVING AID FROM ARABS, EUROPE.
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 6 Feb 85 p 5

[Text] Scapegoats are now being sought for the continued activities of the
Mozambique Resistance Movement (RENAMO) and the subsequent failure of the
Nkomati Treaty.

According to the latest press reports the Mozambican government now suspects
"yight wing elements" in South Africa and a "conspiracy" in European capitals
for helping RENAMO. A Johannesburg Sunday newspaper moreover asserts that a
very rich Spaniard, a certain Manuel Bulhosa, is playing a key role in the
activities of RENAMO.

The war between the anti-communist RENAMO and the communist Mozambican
government is now increasing in intensity. According to reports 10,338
died in Mozambique last year. ‘The Mozambican government claims to have
killed 2,331 rebels in 1984, while RENAMO asserts that it killed 7,653
government troops.

The puzzle that remains unanswered is who is providing military supplies to
RENAMO. Towards the end of last year the assertion was made that RENAMO was
receiving aid from Arabian countries and that the Comoro Islands, on the east
coast of Africa, were being used as a base for providing this help. Mr Pik
Botha, the South African minister for foreign affairs, shortly thereafter
went to visit East Africa, evidently for the purpose of exercising pressure
for stopping this sort of help.

In a recent conversation Mozambican President Samora Machel said that the
planners of the "conspiracy" against Mozambique are to be found in European
capitals. They are receiving logistical help from individual organizations
located in the neighboring countries of Mozambique. Other statements say .
that "right wing elements" in Portugal and South Africa are responsible for
aiding RENAMO.

According to Johannesburg's SUNDAY TIMES a very rich Spaniard, Mr Manuel
Bulhosa, is RENAMO's most important financier. He is said to have been
warned by Mr Pik Botha about his continued aid to the rebel movement.

Buhlosa is believed to wield a great deal of power in Portuguese pro-right

41



Churches (WRK). One of the churches having this double membership is the
Reformed Churches of Holland. The Dutch Reformed Church is of the opinion
that this church group is abandoning the Scriptures and the Reformed Creed.

The fact that the Reformed Churches have nevertheless decided to retain
membership in the GES is an indication of the strength of the left's
preponderance in the church.

The endorsement of the far-left's declaration of human rights on the part

of the Reformed Churches as enunciated by GES is probably the most significant
event in the synod. In the declaration itself GES included the affirmation
of the right of people to free association, the right of all citizens to take
part in responsible political protest, the right to freedom of choice in
education and the right to be free from all forms of discrimination.

This leftist viewpoint of GES was accepted by the synod with a great majority
of votes. It is now being made available to churches and congregations in
pamphlet form.

The synod's resolution represents the high point of.a long campaign on the
part of leftists in the church. This campaign revolved mainly around
professors of Potchefstroom University and organizations such as the
Reformation Movement of South Africa.

This turn taken by the synod will be welcomed by leftist pressure groups within
the Dutch Reformed Church which they are preparing for the general synod of
1986. An effort will be made at this synod to sway the Dutch Reformed Church
to the left with respect to the present conflicting ideas.

7964
cso: 3401/122

83



JPRS-SSA-85~033
19 Apri] 1985

BENIN

NORTH KOREAN DELEGATION TO EXPAND COOPERATION
Cotonou EHUZU in French 4 Feb 85 p 1

[Text] The relations of cooperation between the People's Republic of

Benin and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), will be developed
further. A Korean economic delegation, headed by Comrade Kim San-chul,

has been in our country one week working toward this end. Last Friday, in

a plenary session at the, port of, Cotonou conference hall, it’ met with officials
from various Beninese ministries... Presiding at the meeting was Comrade
Gratien T. Capo-Chichi, member of the Political Bureau, chairman of the
Equipment, Housing, Transportation and Communications Commission of the
Central Committee of the People's Revolutionary Party of Benin, and chairman
of the ad-hoc committee in charge of the Korean delegation's visit in Benin.

Last Friday's plenary’ session between the Beninese and Korean delegations

was to finalize the projects decided upon since the memorable meeting between
Presidents Kim Il-song and Mathieu Kerekou in 1976.. In his welcoming address,
Comrade Capo-Chichi-:indeed recalled this visit which witnessed the strengthen-
ing and the development of a relationship of cooperation between the two
countries, devoid of any notion of domination or exploitation; a relationship
that has since taken form in the construction of three monuments (the monument
to Martyrs, the Red:-Star in Cotonou and Goho Square in Abomey), the equipping
of the Press Building, the supplying of equipment for the Ouidah polytechnic
complex, the creation of farms, etc.

Comrade Gratien Capo-Chichi next presented to the two delegations future
projects to which our great comrade in our cause, President Mathieu Kerekou,
and the Beninese people attach great importance. These include water storage
projects in different regions of our country, irrigation, completion of the
Come hospital, the planned construction of the Central School of the Party,
the planned construction of a cultural center, etc.....

In his response to the welcoming address, Comrade Kim San-chul, |’ in the
name of the delegation he heads, first expressed its joy at being in Benin to
view the efforts made by the people of Benin in the area of national
construction.... Our stay, said the head of the Korean delegation, should
speed up the completion of a number of projects decided upon by our heads of
state and our ministers. He put. forward the desire that his delegation would
do everything to bring to fruition the relations of cooperation between the
two countries and to work toward the success of South-South cooperation.

12413
CsO: 3419/295


Briefs

MOZAMBIQUE

Morija Water Source
Socks Factory
Road Improvements

aa

Lisbon-Based Renamo Head Comments on Botha's Remarks

(THE CITIZEN, 18, 20 Mar 85) ....

Astonished by Reports of Mafia Tactics, by Tim Clarke

Mistaken Identities

Resistance Movement May Be Receiving Aid From Arabs, Europe

NAMIBIA

Reportage on O'Linn's Assembly Speech*

SWANU- Strategy, Principles Examined

(DIE AFRIKANER, 6 Feb 85) ..

(Various sources, various dates) ..ceeccecccecceceeececs

- SWAPO Ceasefire Urged

Further Reportage

(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 9 Mar 85) ccecccesccecccucscceccscoee

Lang Lashes Government's Mining, Fishing Practices
(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 9 Mar 85) .icccceccecceceesovcceceee

City Guards Against Erosion of Power by Nasbourkor
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 1 Mar 85) ..cecceccccsscccseeee

Details on Teachers’

College Given -

(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 2 Mar 85) cescecccecccctccsccceecees

SATS Workers To Lose Bonuses
(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 9 Mar 85) scceccececccasecccecccceece

Windhoek-Luderitz Air Link To End
(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 9 Mar 85) ..ccccccccecescececceces

Briefs

Tsumeb Projects

SWABC Document

Control for Caprivi
Subsidized Farming Hit
Extra Funds

Lister Denied Permit

36
36
36

38
38
39

41

43

43

44

46

49

52

53



JPRS-SSA~G5~033
19 April 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

LISBON-BASED RENAMO HEAD COMMENTS ON BOTHA'S REMARKS

Astonished by Reports of Mafia Tactics
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Mar 85 p 4
[Article by Tim Clarke]

[Text] DURBAN.--Mr Jorge Jardin, who is the chief backer of the Renaio re-
sistance movement in Mozambique, told The Citizen from Lisbon that the was
"astounded" by the comments made by South Africa's Foreign Minister, Mr Pik
Botha, in Johannesburg at the weekend.

Mr Jardan, a fierce opponent of the Machel regime said the only thing he had
seen were newspaper reports about Mr Botha's comments that "a mafia-style
crime and political syndicate" was backing rebels andhad been smashed in South
Africa.

‘Way off Mark"

Mr Jardin said: "He is way off the mark. I will not comment further at this
stage, but surely he knows better than anybody else that Samora Machel is
loathed by the majority of people in Mozambique.

Mr Jardin refused to comment on most questions put to him but vowed the strug-
gle against President Machel would go on.

Mr Jardin was the chief backer of Fico, which, in the time of the takeover of
Mozambique by the Frelimo authorities, fiercely resisted the move.

He is known to have contacts throughout Portugal and South America, whre he is
linked to many members of Pide, the security organisation which controls
Mozambique and which was allegedly involved in terrorising the Jocal popula-
tion before Samora Machel came to power.

Counterfeiters
Mr Botha said that part of an international network of support for anti-gov-

ernment rebels in Mozambique has been traced by police to a banknote counter-
feiting operation in Johannesburg.

38


TOTAL REVENUE FOR YEAR REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 13

[Text]

TOTAL revenue for the
financial year now ending
was estimated at R23 835-
million, which was only
4,6 percent higher than
the budget estimate of
R22 777-million, the Min-
ister of Finance, Mr Bar-
end du Plessis, said.

- Inland revenue sources
had contributed R21 920-
million, an increase of
R931-million, or 4,4 per-
cent on the original esti-
mate of R20 989-million,
while customs and excise
collections of R1 915-mil-
lion were R126-million,
or seven percent higher
than the estimate of
RI 789-million.

In the case of inland
revenue, the volatility of
the gold price and its rand

value had once again in- -

fluenced tax and lease
payments from gold

CSO: 3400/857

mines,

The present estimate of
R2 025-million for gold
mines represented an in-
crease of 9,8 percent on
the March 1984 total of
R1 844-million.

Structural changes in
this sector, such as joint
ventures and mergers, in-
creased capital expendi-
ture and higher outlays,
had contributed to a de-
crease of R1 608-million
in the total revenue from
the gold mines, from
R3 633-million in 1980/81
to the present R2 025-mil-
lion.

This had been in spite
of the 1984/85 rand price
of gold being about R550
an ounce, or about R100
higher than the 1980/81
average, Mr Du Plessis
said,

“The withdrawal of
certain allowances an-
nounced in last year’s
budget influenced rev-
enue from non-mining
companies to a greater
extent than anticipated
and the R3 855-million
expected from __ this
sources is about 13 per-
cent higher than the bud-
get estimate of R3 410-
million.

“Although the present
estimate for income tax
from individuals of
R7 870-million and gener-
al sales tax of RS 895-mil-
lion are R144 -million and
R60-million, respectively,
higher than the Budget
estimate, the percentage
increases are only about
two and one percent re-
spectively,” the Minister
said.

The increase in customs
and excise collections was
almost entirely accounted

69

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

for by the R244 -million
or 19,5 percent, increase
to R1 370-million in cus-
toms duty.

The latter could be as-
cribed to the relatively
high level of imports dur-
ing early 1984 as a result
of the mini-boom and to
the high rand value of im-
ports, because of the
weak exchange rate of the
rand. .

The present estimate
for excise duty of R1 885-
million was very close to
the actual budgeted total.

“Payments to our cus-
toms union partners and
South West Africa must,
however, be subtracted
from total customs and
excise receipts.”

This sun was R1 410-
million, which was 5,3
percent higher than the
estimate of Ri 339-mil-
lion, the Minister said.


BALANCE OF PAYMENTS REGISTERED DEFICIT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 14

[Text]

THE current account of
the balance of payments
registered a deficit of just
over Ri-billion, the Min-
ister of Finance, Mr Bare-
nd du Plessis, said yester-
day. .

There was an improve-
ment during ‘the year
from an annualised deficit
of R2,8-billion in the first
quarter to an annualised
‘surplus of R906-million
during the fourth quarter.

“For 1985 an overall
surplus of at least R1,5-
billion is expected,” Mr
Du Plessis said.

“Both the actual and
the anticipated improve-
ments stem largely from
the tightening first of
monetary and later of fis-
cal policies.”

On capital account, Mr
Du Plessis said, there was
a substantial net inflow of
long-term capital of R2,7-
billion during 1984, of
which R880-million rep-
resented net purchases by
foreigners of securities
listed on the Johannes-
burg Stock Exchange.

CSO: 3400/857

“The result was that
the. so-called basic bal-
ance, that is the current
account - plus long-term
capital movements,
showed a surplus of about
R1,6-billion for 1984,

“There was, however,
@ net outflow of short
term capital of over R3-
billion, of which nearly
R2-billion was recorded
during the fourth quarter
along which largely took
the form of leads and lags
in foreign payments and
receipts.”

Against: the — back-
ground of these balance
of payments develop-
ments, the rand showed a
marked further deprecia-
tion during 1984.

From a peak of 0,91 US
dollars in . September,
1983, it fell to 0,42 -on
January 21, 1985 — a de-
Preciation of 54 percent
against the US dollar and
of 44 percent against
“basket currencies” in
which the dollar has ‘a
weight of 41 percent.

“Since then, however,

78

the rand has appreciated
by about 14 percent
against the dollar, 17 per-
cent against the overall
‘Basket’ and 20 percent
against the non-dollar

currencies.”

In face of depreciation
many South African :ex-
porters had. elayed repa-

“The rapid recovery of
the rand after January 21,
1985, and the relative
strength it has recently
displayed in the face of
both the substantial fur-
ther appreciation of the
dollar against major cur-
rencies and the accompa-
nying decline.in the gold
price, stem largely from
the growing realisation in
the market place that
monetary policy is prov-
ing effective in curbing
spending and changing

JPRS-SSA-85~033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

the balance of payments
fundamentals in South
Africa’s favour,” Mr Du
Plessis said.

The rand was further
supported by the intro-
duction on January 30 of
supplementary measures
to alleviate pressure on.
the spot exchange rate.

These included a tight-

cover facilities and a deci-
sion to pay gold mines in
dollars for only half of

balance in rand.
“Given the existence in


172069

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

pric QUALITY BNSPECTED a

PISTHIBUTION STATE -\. { id 8 () 2 24 { 26
blic releases
Approved tot jalimited ee

~
t
|

Distribution ET
FBIS OREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

‘ REPRODUCED BY ~
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE |
| —_US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE :

SPRINGFIELD, VA.” 22161 _!



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

this magnitude will not meet the criteria and will in fact exacerbate our
present unbalanced mis of fiscal and monetary policy measures. "The deficit
substantially exceeds the total of our capital expenditure and must be brought
down to more manageable proportions by first raising additional revenue before
the remainder can be borrowed", the Minister said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 11] “

SYNTHETIC FUELS LEVY-~A levy on producers of synthetic fuels was announced *°.
yesterday by the Minister of Finance, Mr Barend du Plessis. Introducing the
budget, he said this levy should yield R70-million in 1985-86. "It is Govern-
ment practice to determine local fuel prices. In its price determination the
Government takes into account the rand-dollar exchange rate, since imported
fuel is quoted in dollars. "The latest sharp increase in domestic fuel prices
pegged them at levels that are placing local synthetic oil-from-coal producers
in a particularly favourable position. "I therefore feel it would be only
reasonable to call on these companies also to make a contribution to the fiscus
in this difficult year ahead." Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

19 Mar 85 p 11]

SECRET POLICE ACCOUNT--House of Assembly.--Parliamentary control of State funds
would not be weakened by the institution of a secret police account, the Minis-
ter of Finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, said. Delivering the Second Reading
speech of the South African Police Special Account Bill, he said the measure
was purely administrative. The rest of the country's security organisations
had special accounts and the Bill was merely aimed at bringing the SAP into
line with them and to provide for better administration. The account would be
handled with the greatest circumspection and the Treasury would not let unneces-
sarily large balances build up in the secret fund. On the question of auditing
of the special account, Mr Du Plessis said provision was made for thorough
auditing by the Auditor-General. The only aspect that was limited was the
extent of reporting allowed on the audit for security reasons, the Minister
said. The establishment of a secret police fund was more likely to encourage
than discourage secret police activities, Mr Ken Andrew (PFP, Gardens) said.
Opposing the Second Reading of the Bill, he said the PFP objected to provision
for the Minister of Law and Order to use the account to finance confidential
activities he deemed to be in the national interest. This was a very wide con~
cept and the PFP's "worst suspicions" in this regard had been confirmed by re-
cent police actions. [Text] [Johannesburg THR CITIZEN in English 20 Mar 85

p 4)

RELIEF FOR UNEMPLOYED--One hundred million rand would be set aside for the con-~
tinuation and extension of short-term work creation and relief programmes
where severe unemployment was being experienced, the Minister of Finance, Mr
Barend du Plessis said yesterday. He said the Government was aware of the in-
crease in unemployment caused by the downturn in economic activity and was
addressing the question on a broad front. This was in line with the White
Paper on strategy for job creation tabled in Parliament last year. "A pack-
age has been devised for short-term relief, including special employment op-
portunities provided by public bodies and for which R27,5-million was made
available in previous financial years; payment of unemployment benefits of

104


ETHIOPIA

Government Intensifies Offensive Against PLF
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 13 Mar 85) sesccescccesceccsccoces

NMS Political Cadres Graduate
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 5 Mar 85) sescecccecceccceccecere

Kaffa Region Militiamen Complete Training
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 26 Feb 85) .scscceccccccccccecces

Assab Town Council Enhances Development Activities
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 26 Feb 85) ssecosessecccccescecees

Mengistu Visits Addis Water Supply Site
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 26 Feb 85) sceceeee

Gondar School Increase Reported
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 27 Feb 85) sesceccesceccsceeseece

Gilgel Gibe Power Project Agreement Signed
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 2 Mar 85) siccccecscccccevceecses

Cornerstone for Irrigational Development Project Laid
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 1 Mar 85) cscsesccccedcecseoeecee

Paramount Role of Peasants in Class Struggle Stressed
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 5 Mar 85) cecesscccccocccccseeves

Details on Marine Engineering Development. Given
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 2 Mar 85) cecsesccecccccceceseves

Briefs
Iranian Food Aid
REYA Work Brigades
Youth Development Work
REYA Activities
Students to Bulgaria

LESOTHO

German Trade Agencies Cooperate With LNDC
(Joe Molefi; LESOTHO WEEKLY, 15 Feb 85) ccsscccccccecsee

Land Policy Shifts Toward Rural Sector
(LESOTHO WEEKLY, 15 Feb 85) cscescsccesesccececseccccces

Danish Parliamentarians’ Visit Reported
(LESOTHO WEEKLY, 1 Mar 85) secceccccccccecceccccsccseces

15

7

18

19

20

22

23

24

25

31

32

34



JPRS~SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

nearly R105-million in 1984; and free training, at a cost of nearly R4-million,
for 9 250 workseekers. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85
p 11)

"CHEAP' OIL PURCHASED--House of Assembly.--South Africa is buying the cheapest
oil available on the world market, the Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs,
Mr Danie Steyn, said in the Assembly. Replying to the Second Reading Debate
on the State Oil Fund Amendment Bill, he said the supply position hadn't
changed since 1979. "Oil is freely available and cheap." Asked by Mr Roger
Hulley (PFP, Constantia) whether South Africa was paying a premium on oil,

Mr Steyn replied that any premiums were "minimal." However, efforts to cut
off the supply to the Republic had intensified and suppliers had warned that
if South Africa disclosed where the oil was coming from, supplies would stop
immediately. The object of the Bill, which is supported by all parties, is

to create a better control system for evaluating Government involved in oil pro-
curement. The Bill was read a second time. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 22 Mar 85 p 4]

SANLAM DONATION--Bellville-~Sanlam yesterday donated R100 000 to the community
of Steenberg, a Coloured suburb southeast of Cape Town. Dr Fred du Plessis,
chairman of Sanlam, handed over the donation to the executive director of

the Urban Foundation, Mr Jan Steyn, in Bellville. The donation forms part of
$250 000 allocated to the Urban Foundation (UF) by Sanlam. Mr Colin Apple~
ton, regional director of the UF (W Cape), said the R100 000 would be used
for the Steenberg self-help project, which forms parts of a larger housing de-
velopment comprising more than 2 000 homes on 68ha of land south of Military
Road in Steen berg. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Mar 85

p 15)

DISINVESTMENT ENDANGERS MEDICINE-~Cape Town.--The president of the Medical
Research Council, Professor Andries Brink, said disinvestment in any form in-
cluding the medical field would conteract the aims and obligations of medical
research. Opening a research symposium in Cape Town yesterday he said South
Africa had a strong obligation to contribute towards medical knowledge in the
future if local researchers were able to participate in international research.
Medical research was a vital prerequisite to get to grips with the complex
health problems of the country, Prof Brink said. Meanwhile a delegation of

60 top cancer researchers from the United States is visiting the South African
Medical Research Council and hospitals in the Cape Peninsula. Their visit is
the second in a series of tours to South Africa by American leaders in the
medical field organised by the International People-to-People Organisation to
promote co-operation and an exchange of knowledge in medicine. In January

12 American cardiologists visited heart research units in South Africa. [Text]
{Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 23]

FILM SUBSIDIES--House of Assembly.-~Total of $4 343 854 was paid out in sub-
sidies for Afrikaans, English and African language films in the 1983/4 finan-
cial year, the Minister of Trade and Industry, Dr Dawie de Villiers, said.

In a reply to a question by Mr Harry Schwarz (PFP Yeoville), he said the sub-
sidies were paid in respect of six Afrikaans, six English and 49 films in the
Black languages. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Mar 85 p 4]

105



cso:

3400/859

{erting meximum effort
{as many producers’ ives
possible in accordance with the Ten-
year Perspective Plan-

He said AEPA is strengthening
relations and cooperation with coun-
terparts in friendly -socialist countries
as well as with government agencies
and mass organizations and is apply-
ing the benefit of the experience gain-
ed in the process in heipiog build
socialism,

Comrade Abdella pointed « out thet
the peasantry is helping in the reha-
bilitation of drought victims through
building shelters, providing household
utensils. and, <form, implements and.

26


"Can you see now why the white worker feels that he has been left in the
lurch? I want to assure the white worker that the MWU will not allow a
situation to exist where he will be told what to do. Until we will have
received a written document we shall refuse to even look at the proposed
amendment of the phrase 'a scheduled person.'"

Mr De Jager went on to say that the high rate of inflation and the increase
in taxes and prices have placed an unbearable pressure on the white worker.
This pressure can be reduced if everybody would bear his part of the tax
burden. If one looks at the financial reports of the big companies and banks
then one could see who profits from the present situation. Mr De Jager said
that he would like to ask if the time has come for imposing a surplus profits
tax.

7964
cso: 3401/122

85


JPRS-SSA-85~033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NUCLEAR FUSION MAY PROVIDE INEXHAUSTIBLE POWER SUPPLY
Johannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans 30 Jan 85 p 4

[Text] South Africa's research in the area of nuclear power is in step with
the rest of the world and advanced research has already been underway for
sometime with a special device built in South Africa which can later lead
to the exploitation of a nearly inexhaustible source of power.

This information was made known yesterday by scientists of the Nuclear
Development Corporation at Pelindaba, near Hartbeespoort Dam. However, about
30 years of research still lay ahead before the project will be economically
viable.

Yesterday, in a special news conference, chief group manager Dr J. K. Basson,
chief scientist Dr D. Sherwel, chief of the plasma physics department Dr J. A.
M. de Villiers and director of nuclear physics Dr D. van As explained that

the research based on plasma physics is founded on the fusion of hydrogen

atoms which forms helium and in the process releases great quantities of energy.
This is the same process which goes on in the sun as it releases such vast
amounts of energy.

This is known as nuclear fusion. The nuclear fusion process is just the
converse of nuclear fission employed in a uranium fuel reactor, like EVKOM's
[Electricity Supply Commission] Koeberg Power Station near Capetown, where
the atom is split.

In countries all over the world the entire research project about nuclear
fusion revolves around a device known as the tokamak. The tokamak was
developed by the Russians during the later fifties.

It is a magnetic chamber reminiscent of a doughnut - that sort of confection
with the hole in the middle - or a large deck tennis ring.

In the tokamak hydrogen gas becomes ionized. This it becomes a mixture of
charged particles which is known as plasma.

The plasma is then contained by the magnetic field and at Pelindaba it is
heated to up to 5 degrees centigrade by passing an electric current through

80


NATIONALS URGED TO GIVE PRIORITY TO LOCAL GOODS

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 25 Feb 85 p 3

[Text]

GABORONE: If Batswana
could actively support locally
manufactured goods, amore
competetive and attractive
export market would be
realised, the Minister of
Commerce and Industry, Mr
Moutlakgola Nwako, said
when officially opening anew
IKEA furniture showroom, at
Broadhurst.

He said there was a wide
range of goods available as
import substitution items than
those which Batswana were
compelled to import because
they were not available
locally.

Mr Nwako noted that the
number of factories in
Botswana had increased, and,
the range of products
increased even more.

He said it was hoped that
Botswana would soon have
its soap manufacturing
factories.

A tannery was being built
by Italian entrepreneurs in
Selebi-Phikwe and several
shoe manufacturers are
already registered, said Mr
Nwako. Most of them will be
in operation by the end of
1985, he disclosed.

The Minister said many of
the products now being
produced were for industrial
use, he pointed out; and
commended Debswana and
BCL Limited for having made
special efforts to encourage
local manufacturers.

He said the Department of
Supplies in conjunction with

the Government was
regularly up-dating its
information in relation to a
range of products now
produced in Botswana and
was doing everything
possible to make sure to “Buy
Botswana"’ whenever
possible.

He noted that the range of
items produced by IKEA had
expanded rapidly from less
than 40in the initial stages to
a variety of about 70 items
now.

In addition the company
has recently developed a
range of pine furniture and
produces about 20 separate
items of this kind, the Minister
commended.

About 90 per cent of goods
produced by the IKEA have
shown that our local
manufacturing industry was
effective enough to be able
to handle some sophisticated
techniques necessary to
reach this high standard of
quality, those gathered were
told.

Mr Nwako pointed out that
the current raw materials for
cane furniture came from
Singapore and the raw
material for the bamboo
wicker furniture which is to
be produced in Botswana in
the near future will come from
South Africa.

He said the IKEA company
had recently registered a
sister company which would
provide a large export
potential, which will

IPRS--SSA-85~033
19 April 1985

BOTSWANA


Waste

South West Africa should have its long over-
due Department of Mines and a priority this
department should: immediately tackle was
the renegotiation of the now notorious
Halbscheidt Agreement of 1923, as a first:
step in the protection of the country’s dia-

“mond resources.

South West Africa also needed what he
called ‘a natural resources council’, incor-
porating a minerals bureau to monitor and
supervise production inside the country and

' sales abroad.

* generate so far untap|

Mr Lang said that a serious lack of exper-
tise’ regarding’ mining products at the
Receiver’s office, and also at Customs, was
responsible for significant losses of revenue
to the Treasury and effective cooperation
between the Receiver, Customs, Geological
Survey and a future minerals bureau, would
rut sources of revenue.
Methods should be investigated to prevent
transfer pricing by’ way of which the
Treasury was losing massive amounts in tax

* revenue,
For those who did not know the term, §

transfer pricing referred'to the practice where
a company was selling something to a parent

price to avoid paying taxes in the producer or
receiver country.

gasfield. Again, control over a large natural .
Tesource was slipping out of the country’s
ands, ;
Mr Lang said that he could reveal that as
long ago as April 1981 South West Africa’s :
Secretary for Economic Affairs, negotiated :
in Houston, Texas, an exploration agree- !
ment with a major international oil com- !

* pany, but at the last minute it was blocked by

direct interference at cabinet level in South ‘
Africa.

He would like to hear a public motivation
of this decision but he was afraid that Dr van
Niekerk would keep on hiding behind a wall
of silence.

eferring to the fishing industry, Mr Lang
said South Africa’s interests in H inerhsip
with a group of local politicians, destroyed in
record time the country’s coastal fisheries, .
one of the richest marine resources in the

" world,

Fishery inspection services along’ the
coastline were so inadequeate that they could ,

: simply not be taken seriously at.all.

company at an an artificially low or high :

Since none of the big mining houses in this '

country were locally owned, he would not be

satisfied that there was no transfer pricing +
until objective proof had been obtained by :

an independent commission of inquiry, such ;

as that of Mr Justice Thirion. -

also referred to the. ‘kudu ‘

Mr Lang
gasfield’ some 160 kilometres in the Atlantic «
Ocean off Lideritz. He said that he was |
totally unconvinced that ‘a structure like «

SWAKOR could protect the legitimate in-

terests of South West Africans in that °

Criticized

Mr Eric Lang told a packed hall on

"Wednesday night st Windhoek’s Thiir-

Ingethof bear Re i Tartice Thirion
would have at a public probe
today, he would have found that the total in
misappropriation by second tier authorities

had risen to a staggering estimated '

R100-million as at the end of March 1985,
Mr Lang said he had 2 feeling that the reason
why Mr ee teariion was aot allowed to
re-open the was use people
discovered that he was doing his Job rather

Mr Lang said that. while the nation was
facing a financial crisis of growing propor-
tions, the representative of the South Africa
Government was allowing continuation of
the AG 8 system which had allowed one of
the second tier administrations, being the
one for whites, to hoard a mountain of

50

Yet fishing: off the coastline last year pro- '
duced approximately one million tons in pro-

| tein. If one compared this figure to the pro-

duction of protein in agriculture, some 80 '
per cent less, and at the same time com ad
State expenditure in these two sectors of the:
economy, it should be quite clear that the
Administrator-General suffered from a bad
case of confused priorities - R46-million was
Spent on agriculture and nature conservation:
while only R2,3-million was Provided in the
budget for fishing. .

Mr Lang said that the size of the pelagic

, biomass off the coast had been shown to

have declined from 5 000 000 tons in the late

+ Sixties to 2 000 000 tons in the Seventies and
+ presently stood at 150 000 tons. The only ra-

tional remedy, Mr Lang said, seemed to be a
moratorium on pelagic fishing off the coast. {

surplus cash, amounting to R170-million at
the latest count. 5
This was the money that administration
was now planning to spend on totally ex-
travagant projects like the exclusive,
segregated multi-million Rand hospital in
Swakopmund and a conservatoire for music.
Mr Lang also charged that the Department
of Transport was carrying on with the con-
struction of a multi-million Rand road to
Walvis Bay via the Us Pass. This was being
done after the Department of Water Affairs
had laid off hunderds of labourers with no
possibility to turn to for there was no money
to keep them. Misguided priorities such as
these were not only irrational, but cruel.
Mr Lang said every indicator was making
*t abundantly clear that the road Dr van
+ Niekerk was on led to one way: to increase
government spending, increased waste, in-.



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

FAK REJECTION OF NATIONAL GUARD ANALYZED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 25 Feb 85 p 6

[Text] Leaders of the A€rikaner-Volkswag [Afrikaner national guard] reacted
angrily to the rejection by the FAK [Federasie van Afrikaanse
Kultuurvereniginge--Federation of Afrikaans Cultural Societies] of their
request for affiliation with that umbrella Afrikaans cultural organization.

That characteristic reaction obviously stems from frustration because another
far-right piracy strategy has failed and will evidently lead to an even further
increase in the divisive actions with which the schism-makers politicize all
aspects of Afrikaner life.

The Volkswag did not succeed in hoodwinking the FAK with the promise that it
isn't a political movement. The FAK rightly points out its real position as
one of the most important reasons for rejecting the request.

Even before its founding it was emphasized in Volkswag propaganda that it was
being established in reaction against the new constitution and afterwards its
leaders made clear that they did not want to draw a line between "culture" and
“politics.” Through its founding, in the overheated atmosphere of the
Skilpadsaal [Turtle Room]--the stage for imitated Nazi salutes, rolling eyes
and talk of war-~it was clear that the Volkswag was standing on three political
legs, the KP [Conservative Party], the Herstigte [Herstigte National Party] and
the AWB's [Afrikaner Resistance Movement] tar-and-featherers.

In addition to the fact that an image of militarism and extremism had struck to
the Volkswag from its inception, it hasn't been able so far to succeed in any
way in showing a real need for another cultural organization.

The only thing that is clear is that Prof Carel Boshoff wants with his movement
to bring together under one blanket all the far-right organizations and
parties, whose leaders still can not stand each other.

Real political actions happen under the umbrella of culture, while the boasting
is in the name of the Afrikaner. And this is perhaps the most harmful of all
this fuss. Because this happens at a time when thinking Afrikaners realize
that in increasing isolation and exclusivity there is no hope for Afrikaners.

Only in growing contact and cooperation with other groups will Afrikaners be
able to continue to play a positive role in this land. The inward direction
the far-right schism-makers have taken is doomed.

92
12855
cso: 3401/125


BAREND DETAILS STRATEGY FOR BUDGET

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 14

[Text ]

IF FISCAL policy was
to play its full and fair
part in overall strategy
in the year ahead, the
Budget would have to
meet as closely as pos-
sible three basic con-
ditions, the Minister of
Finance, Mr ‘ Barend
du Plessis, said. °

Introducing his Budget
to a joint sitting of Parlia-
ment, Mr Du Plessis said
there could firstly be no
increase in real terms in
total Government expen-
diture during the coming
year compared to the pre-
vious.

Secondly current ex-
penditure, such as salar-
ies, must not again be fi-
nanced by borrowed
funds, as had happened to
an unacceptable extent
during the past two years.

“In Technical terms,
Government _ dissaving
must be. eliminated and
the Budget should rather
contrubute to saving,” he
said.

Thirdly, the Budget
deficit before borrowing
— the difference between
total expenditure and tax
revenue —~ had to be re-
stricted to an amount that
could be financed by bor-
rowing without either sig-
nificant resort to bank
credit or contributing to
any upward pressures on
interest rates.

71

“Under present condit-
ions, this means that the
deficit must be kept be-
low three percent of gross
domestic product.”

Mr Du Plessis said it
would become clear that
these conditions would be
met, and that an im-
proved and appropriately
restrictive “mix” of fiscal
and" monetary _ policy
would be applied in the
year ahead.

The Minister said that
in spelling out the strate-
gy for the year ahead, he
would not attempt to-set
precise quantitive targets
by year-end for the infla-
tion rate, the growth rate,
the exchange rate, inter-
est rates and a number of
other economic variables,
as some commentators
would have him do.

“I believe no govern-
ment in a free market
economy can do this with
a degree of accuracy that
can assist. planners in a
meaningful way, particu-
larly not in a world of vol-
atile exchange rates, in-
terest rates and commodi-
ty prices.

“These variables affect
relatively small and open
economies such as ours
much ‘more severely than
their larger, more mature
counterparts elsewhere.”

“To give just one ex-
ample: A rise or fall of 50
dollars in the gold price,

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


LAND POLICY SHIFTS TOWARD RURAL SECTOR

Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY in English 15 Feb 85 p 2

[Text]

THE Minister of Interior
and Chieftainship Affairs,
Morena Sekhonyana ‘Ma.
seribane says the empha-
‘sis in the land policy is
now shifting towards the
rural and agricultural sec-
tors and with projects like
the Highland Water Sche-
me, there will be a need to

decentralise the services. |

The Minister said this
last week on Friday at the
official opening of the new

Lands, Surveys and Physi-*

cal Planning Office Block

by Mr, Malcolm Leslie Ri--

find Minister of State at

the British Foreign Com. ,

monwealth Office,

This project which cost
approximately M1,5 Mil.

lion, consists of the main
Headquarters Office, a
field Survey Office at the
Industrial Area and some
office equipment.

The Minister said the

pendence particularly in
establishing the depart.
ment of Lands, Survey
and Physical Planning.

32

He pointed out that at
independence the depart-
ment did not: exist in the
present form, there was a
Township Survey section
in the Ministry of Works
until 1970, but through
the British Aid Personnel
and the valuable training
support programme by the
British Government the
department was establish.
ed in 1975, when the first
Commissioner of Lands

was recruited from Bri-:

tain.

He said he was pleased |

to have a complex which
will facilitate. most of the
functions of the depart

ment charged with Land
Administration Valuation, ,

cadastral surveying, map-
ping and physical plan.

ning.
Morena *Maseribane
thanked the  Britisih

Government for having
the foresight to help Le-
sotho government in the
field of land policy.

He said the land re
source base is so limited
that it requires proper
administration, use and
control,

“To this end we have

already enacted various
key legislations such as:

the Land Act 1979, the

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

LESOTHO


of a gun because it did not
want to unilaterally - stop
violetice and join the MPC.

Swapo wanted to sign’ a
ceasefire as an integral part
of the implementation ‘of
Resolution 435 which had
been agreed upon: by SA.
and’ most of the internal

parties, :
Mr O’Linn said it was an
unchangeable - reality: that

the . international. .com- -

munity had @ vested right
in’ the achievemént of
Namibian — independence
and “anyone today’ who
propagates solutions which
are nat or will not be inter-
nationally recognised. . is
either stupid or malicious
or both and is misleading
and betraying the people

this country.” .

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

Further Reportage
Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 9 Mar 85 p 35

[Text]

In his address Mr O’Linn said that it
would appear that South Africa, backed by
some internal parties, was hoping to destroy
SWAPO niilitarily, inter alia by forcing the,
MPLA Government in Luanda to close

» down SWAPO bases in Angola, alternatively

« by assisting UNITA to take over the Govern-

‘ment of Luanda or to be included in such a
government. .

It was furthermore argued that once
SWAPO was defeated militarily it would be
forced to join the MPC at the conference
table and if SWAPO would still refuse, they

; could safely be ignored.

Mr O’Linn said if this scenario should
become a reality, then Resolution 435 would
truly have been overtaken by events and
become redundant.

In his submission this was a miscalculation
for even a military defeat would not defeat

«the aspirations of the people, in the same
way as the military defeat of the Boer
Republics by the British in the war of
1899-1902, did not destroy the aspirations of

‘the Afrikaner and neither the continuation
of his struggle. «

i. Mr O’Linn said that in his view the in-
sistence on capitulation and unconditional
surrender by SWAPO, would not result in a
just arid honourable peace and therefore
would be no basis for true conciliation and
lasting peace.

He warned that this should be remembered
by those waiting in the wings to take
SWAPO’s place, once South Africa had
made the kill.

He said that South Africa professed to
strive towards an accommmodation and
modus vivendi with Frelimo in Mocambique,
the MPLA in Luanda and all the Frontline
States, yes even with the OAU, and one
wondered what had happened to the com-
munist bogey and total onslaught.

He said if South Africa could suddenly live
with Frelimo and the MPLA, why then not

with a government elected by South West
Africans in terms of Resolution 435 to which
South Africa had previously agreed? And of
course, if the South African Government
and the MPC really believed that SWAPO
was no longer a factor or had very little sup-
port, then what was the problem?

Mr O’Linn said that over the years South
Africa had done everything in its power to
encourage and even create an anti‘SSWAPO
front in South West Africa. Was it then not
overdue, he asked, to allow the people of this

country to decide in free and fair elections? ;

“Mr O'Linn said South’ Africa need not to

, Worry too much about the Cubans because
the Cubans had apparently been unable to

protect Angola from South Africa and
Unita. Even though Resolution 435 provided
for a gradual troop withdrawal, South Africa

was entitled to keep a formidable deterrent .

force at or near the borders of South West
Africa in Walvis Bay and Upington,

In his view, he said, it was more likely that
a settlement in South West Africa first,
would make an overall settlement in the
whole southern Africa region more likely.

It was in any case not fair that the in-
dependence of South West Africa was now
made dependent on a pacakage deal with
other states. He said that continuation of the
Present checkmate was not in the interest of
the people of this country and neither in the

‘interest of South Africa and the United

44

States. Both the United States and South
Africa should reconsider their policies in the
letter and spirit of their obligations to the
people of this country as contained in the
sacred trust of civilisation and in the spirit of
true reconciliation. In particular these two
countries should take all reasonable steps to
reach a speedy and fair compromise solution
on the linking of Cuban military withdrawal
from Angola and thus open the way for true
conciliation and implementation of Resolu-
tion 435. ,


planned by the national Electric Utility Company of France; subsequently

it flows into an overhead line of 500 kilovolt, moving like a silver ribbon
through the entire country of Zaire, a total length of 1,700 kilometers,
until it reaches Lubumbashi in Shaba to supply the copper mines with
electricity.

The project which makes the heart of every engineer beat faster has only

one hitch: there is no need for the electricity. The copper mines have
enough energy, because there are enough hydroelectric plants in the region.
As a result, the original political intention of the project is shaky, the
idea of which was to make the politically unstable Shaba province dependent
on electricity supplied by the heartland of Zaire. Furthermore, it is
uneconomic to tap the overhead line at various points, because it transports
direct instead of alternating current. The maintenance of the complex costs
the government several million dollars annually--for nothing. Economic
rationality is not a valve aspired to in a corrupt economy—-which does not
mean that it would not be economical and rational for the individual to

be corrupt.

Foreigners tend to blame the enormous corruption in Zaire on the race and
its mentality. That is wrong, andit has been proven by those Zairians who
hold responsible jobs in neighboring countries like Ruanda and Burundi and
who are considered part of the elite. Furthermore, a perfect system of
corruption requires as much intelligence and creativity as any other top
job--and if there is a system of corruption that functions perfectly, it is
the one in Zaire. To be sure, the system stabilizes the total lack of moral
scruples, which tend to come over us when we are confronted with corruption.

Most likely we are a product of the ethic of the principled, incorruptible
civil service, which even in Europe has not been in existence very long.

At any rate, international companies abandoned these scruples very quickly,

if they ever had them. It applies to their business deals everywhere in the
Third World. Corruption is part of business--under the somewhat more palatable
name of "commission", bribes can be deducted from taxable income. The picture
of a check hidden between other papers that are handed to the minister is
outdated. Now the work is done by so-called agents, local personalities who
have excellent connections. They receive a few percent of the value of the
order as a commission, and their skill when it comes to bribery—after all,
they do not only bribe one person but every key position in a ministry——
decides who gets the order. Business enterprises do not have a high opinion
of them, because they do not know how their agents distribute their money;

it is their professional secret.

Every construction contractor knows what it means when the minister of
transportation drops a hint during contract negotiations with respect to
his favorite automobile. Sometimes "commissions" are so high that some
bidders who may not have a lot of capital, although they may be cheaper,
are forced to bow out at the beginning. Public officials live very well
on corruption, many politicians do even better—-consequently, why should
they get rid of it? The question arises in many countries, not only in
Zaire.

113



JPRS-SSA~85-033
19 April 1985

NAMIBLA
LANG LASHES GOVERNMENT'S MINING, FISHING PRACTICES
Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 9 Mar 85 pp 32, 33
[Text]
In his address to the Namibia Education Mr Lang said he did not wish to spend a

. Forum on Wednesday night, Mr Eric Lang
: again delivered a strong attack on the prac-
: tices governing mining and fishing in this
i country. He said this country’s fishing
i resources, its diamonds and the Tsumeb
! mineralisation were freak wonders of nature,
; among the test gifts of wealth any nation
could have been endowed with. Over genera-
j tions these resources yielded billions in
! wealth but what did the country have to
| show for it?
i. Mr Lang said that the answer to that ques-
; tions was nothing - nothing that could pro-
; duce more wealth for future generations for
‘ what was received in the form of taxes from
| these resources were blown on political and
* economical infrastructure that the country
neither needed, and nor could afford to
~ maintain.

He said it was interesting to note that the
country’s wealth did substantially contribute
to some of the largest industrial undertakings
in South Africa and even the United States.
But here on South West Africa soil, the
revenue producing side of the economy had
been almost totally neglected.

Tsumeb Corporation and CDM, the coun-

try’s largest producers of revenue for so:

iy , were by now very close to the

man, :
5 of the road. At the current rate of ex-

* ploitation the same applied to the fishing in-
‘ dustry, and there was little time left to
salvage what was left to salvage of these
\ resources.
Those, Mr Lang said, who had followed
j the proceedings towards the end of the in-
{ vestigation launched by the Thirion Commis-
sion, would have had a tantalising glimpse of
how a section of the mining industry in this
country really worked. Mr Lang said if this
was an indication of the state of affairs in the
| rest of the mining industry, then any respon-

\ sible citizen and organisation concerned with |

! the economy, should demand from Dr van
j Niekerk the release of the complete Thirion
Report as a matter of urgency.

A

49

| lot of time on the mining scandals of the past
but he had to stress.a few matters.

Only with the Thirion Commission’s
evidence on mining in hand, could the coun-
try plan legislative changes regarding its min-
ing industry. The work the Thirion Commis- ,
sion had done on this, comprised one of the’
‘most important volumes of researched data
ever assembled in the history of this country
and he was convinced that the material con-
tained in that report would also lead to fur-
ther investigation of those aspects which
were out of reach to the Thirion Commis-
sion.

In his mind there was no doubt, Mr Lang
said, that publication of the Thirion Com-
mission’s findings would lead to the aboli-‘
tion of the Mining Board which was suppos-
ed to be the control body over diamond
resources, but for some reasons of his own,
the South African Government represen-'
tative intended not to release these:
documents to the people of South West’
Africa.

Mr Lang said to illustrate the seriousness |
of this situation he could mention-that the
Thirion Commission heard evidence that
proved beyond any doubt that large scale
transfer pricing by some of the largest mines
in the country was costing the nation hun-'
dreds of millions in tax revenue. This matter,
‘Mr Lang said, had been placed before Dr van
Niekerk, but like so often before he had fail- |
ed to take action. :

_Mr Lang said perhaps Dr van Niekerk still
did not understand the value of the mining *
industry to the economy of this country. In ;
that event he would like to spell it out in very |
simple language: 1
fo less than 70 per cent of the country’s
exports rere in the form ¢ of: rine which
obviously represent ‘most significant
tax contribution and foreign exchange source
in the country for it contributed in excess of

50 per cent of the domestic te
ir Lang said “t had become nore hat



Salvation Will Not Come From MPC

cso:

Mr O’Linn in his merciless address, made
a few biting remarks about the Multi-Party
Conference. He said there was of course the
continuous unsatisfactory position that the
Administrator-General constituted the Cen-
tral Government.

This factor was widely recognised, but in
some MPC circles and sources close to the
South African Government this fact was ex-
ploited to prepare the ground and create the
climate for some form of interim government
or responsible government or a unilateral
declaration of independence with South
Africa’s consent, but outside the settlement
in terms of Resolution 435.

It was noteworthy, Mr O’Linn said, that
these people never use this argument as a
reason to press for implementation of
Resolution 435, :

, . The explanation was obvious, he said, for
they wanted to ensure that they would be the
future government or that. their protegés
would be in such a government.

The simple fact was that if South Africa
succeeded in setting up some form of transi-
tion government or UDI, it would have more
scope to delay or totally avoid implementa-
tion of Resolution 435, and said Mr O’Linn,
it would then be a classic example of divide
and rule.

. If however, it failed to set up such a
government it would be more difficult, if not
impossible, to delay indefinitely or to avoid
implementation of Resolution 435 because
then it would face the united stand of all the
Political parties in the country. The MPC

3400/858

had no yet concluded its deliberations and
the final judgment could only be given once
this had happened, Mr O’Linn said.

He said that quite frankly and in all
humility and with due respect to the many
people with good intentions, he did not ex-
pect the country’s salvation to come from the

‘My plea to you is to strive at all times for
true reconciliation and an honourable Peace
in terms of the peace plan recognised and
supported by the whole international com-
munity and which is nationally acceptable,
namely that known as Resolution 435 of
1978.

‘Alternatively,’ to support a call for a
countrywide referendum on whether or not
the aforesaid peace plan should be im-
plemented immediately, in order to remove
any doubt that it is also nationally accep-
table, ~ .

‘In the further alternative, to support -a
call for a further conference of all South
West African parties, including SWAPO, to
meet a neutral venue under the chairmanship
of President Kaunda or :some other
statesman of international repute, to discuss
only one question - namely the speedy im-
plementation of Resolution 435 of 1978,

‘A call on SWAPO to seriously consider as
a gesture of goodwill and in spirit of true
reconciliation, to announce and maintain a
ceasefire for a trial period of six months in
the hope that South Africa will respond by
agreeing to implement Resolution. 435 of
1978,’ Mr O’Linn said.

45



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SEVERE BUDGET HARDSHIP FORECAST

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Mar 85 p 31
[Article by Daan deKock]

[Text]

cso;

THE Budget increase
in GST to 12 percent
and the increase in the
surcharge to seven per-
cent on individual tax
will cause severe hard-
ships in the near future
and were not necess-

This was said yesterday
by Nico Czypionka, chief
economist and assistant
general manager of Stan-
dard Bank at a luncheon
of the South African-Ger-
man Chamber of Trade
and Industry in Joharines-
bu

TB.

He said the Budget was
only partly successful in
the sense that it called too
much on the private sec-
tor and could also lead to

3400/857

an over-kill on the econ-
omy.
He said the economic
mess South Africa found
itself in at the moment
was due to the fact that
the Government had lost
complete control of fiscal
management.

Government expendi-
ture in 1982/83 exceeded
the Budget by 7,1 percent
or R1 300-million. In the
1983/84 Budget year this
figure increased to
R1 800-million and in the
past financial year it in-
creased to a record
2 260-milli ion.

is huge over-expen-

diture and lack of fiscal
management seriously

harmed the credibility of
the Government.

Mr Du Plessis tried to
restore the Government's
credibility to reduce the
increase in its expenditure
to just over 11 percent.
The big question at the
moment was whether the
Government would stick
to its intentions.

Mr Czypionka said the

Minister called too much’

on the private sector to
pay for Government mis-

takes of the past. He said -

the private sector sacri-
fices enough already, and
the Budget would further

. deepen the recession and

create more . unemploy-
ment.

74

He said GST and the
surcharge would now be
responsible for 60 percent
of ‘total tax collection.
This undoubtedly make
South Africa a very high
tax country. :

He criticised the Gov-
ernment for not being
consistent in the way it
collected the additional
revenue to reduce the
shortage before borrow-
ing to-a very low figure.
He said there was no
reason why only . the
banks should pay the 0,25
percent levy on their de-
posits and not building so-
cieties. In the case of
Standard Bank this levy
would wipe as much as
R25-million off the profits
on a yearly basis.


JPRS~SSA-85-033
19 Apeil 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MWU CHAIRMAN CALLS FOR MORE AV MEMBERS, DEFENDS JOB RESERVATION
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 6 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] The chairman of the influential Mineworkers Union (MWU), Mr Cor de
Jager, has made an appeal to white workers to join the Afrikaner National
Guard (AV).

During his address as chairman at the just concluded MWU's congress Mr De
Jager said that the AV offers to the white woker and his family the
opportunity for perpetuating his cultural needs. Mr De Jager said that
he wished to take the opportunity for acknowledging the establishment of
the AV under the leadership of Prof Carel Boshoff.

Mr De Jager reconfirmed the MWU's strong opposition to the abolishment of
job reservations in the mining industry. The replacement of the term
"scheduled person" with the new term "competent person" in the legislation
for this will open the way for people of other color to fill any position
in the mining industry. White mineworkers will then end up working for

a black shift boss, mine chief or manager.

Mr De Jager said that the present legislation had been working fine "until
the winds of change muddled relations in the mining industry as well."
Pressure is now being exercised on the MWO to betray and trap the workers
with this far reaching change without even lifting a finger.

"We must now negotiate with the Chamber on Mining for the purpose of
defending the white worker; this is something that has not been necessary,
because we have been defended by the present legislation. We know that
overprotection is not healthy and could lead to work inefficiency and lack
of responsibility; however, those who do not tolerate any job regulation are
leaving the door open to serious friction in social, political and labor
areas."

In the past it has been said that regardless of how important the rate of
growth may be it should not enjoy priority over the status of the white
worker. It has also been said that if a choice is to be made between the
rate of growth and the status of the worker then the rate of growth ought
not enjoy priority. Another thing that has been said is that the government
and job reservation stand between communism and the trade unions.

84


JPRS~SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

The Minister told a Press conference in Pretoria, marking the first anniver-
sary of the Nkomati Accord, that the Mozambican government had at no stage
accused South Africa of violating the non-aggression pact.

However, he added, South Africa was investigating allegations that assistance
to the rebel Mozambicasn Resistance Movement (Renamo) was still emanating from
South African territory.

"They (the Mozambican government) are very suspicious that Renamo is still
being supplied with arms and equipment from South Africa, Malawi, even Kenya
and other African countries," Mr Botha said.

South African Police, following up the Mozambican allegations, had uncovered
the Johannesburg counterfeiting operation, which was also apparently respon-
sible for printing large volumes of anti-Frelimo propaganda, Mr Botha said.

Two of the main counterfeiters, whose fake R50 and US 100 dollar notes were
allegedly used in smuggling deals, had escaped to a European country, which
Mr Botha did not identify.

Several other people had been arrested and would.appear,in court soon, he
said.

Mr Botha said the police had seized large amounts of counterfeit money and
propaganda sheets.

Mistaken Identities
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Mar 85 p 25

[Text] DURBAN.--Mr Jorge Jardin, who commented to The Citizen from Lisbon,

Portugal, to a statement made by the South African Foreign Minister, Mr Pik

Botha, is not related or connected in any way with Mr Jorge Jardin, who died
about two years ago in Gabon.

The man who gave the comments to The Citizen ends his surname with "N" while
the late Mr Jardim ends his surname with "M".

When the story was published there was confusion, and many people phoned The
Citizen pointing out that Mr Jardim, an argricultural engineer, had died two
years ago. :

The Mr Jardin quoted in The Citizen is regarded as "a backroom boy" in the
Renamo movement, but is nevertheless a powerful figure in the organisation
thought to be connected mainly with the purchase of arms although this has
never been proved entirely and Mr Jardin will not talk about it.

He played a leading role in the establishment of Fico, which virtually means

“we stay" after mainland Portugal decided .to hand over Mozambique to the
Frelimo movement.

39



JPRS-SSA-g5-03
SA~85-033
19 April 1985

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS
SUSPENSION OF PASSPORTS--Mbabane--The issuing of passports and residence permits
in Swaziland has been suspended "until further notice," a reliable source said
yesterday. The source was unable to give any reasons for the move. Applicants
for passports and residence permits were told by Interior Ministry officials
in Mbabane yesterday they had been ordered last week to suspend issuing such
documents until further notice. SAPA's Swaziland correspondent reports there
has so far been no official announcement about the suspensions. Interior
Ministry officials were not available for comment yesterday.--SAPA. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Apr 85 p 11]

CEM OUTPUT “INCREASE-~Mbabane.--Swaziland is now able to produce at least 5 000
carats of quality diamonds a month-~as good as any diamonds found in Southern
Africa. The Dvokolwako Mines company in central Swaziland had already sold
two packages of diamonds totaling 13 000 carats to buyers in Switzerland, the
Minister of Industry and Mines, Mr Berek von Dissell, told Parliament this
week, A third package of 4 000 carats was currently béing sold there, he
said. Unlike many countries that sold their diamonds to the central selling
organisation, Swaziland preferred to sell by private tender in Switzerland
after the government had obtained an independent and private valuation from
South Africa valuers, he said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
23 Mar 85 p 13]

csO: 3400/857

109



The government has built around 20 new silos and a number of smaller storage
buildings--in the past small farmers were often forced to travel hundreds of
kilometers in order to sell their products. So far that often it did not pay
to make the journey.

Prices

It is equally important that they are holding producer prices up--instead of
pushing prices down as they do in many African countries in order to benefit
consumers, urban dwellers. Often this results in production declines.

People now pay 2 1/2 times as much for a ton of corn as they did 5 years ago--
a price increase that is somewhat higher than the rate of inflation.

But the other side of the coin, of course, is an intensifying crisis in the
growing cities. It is there one hears voices, black voices, saying things
were better before independence, when the whites were in power. Prices have
shot up and unemployment keeps growing.

Photo Captions [Photos not reproduced]

1. Efraim Chifetete is 64 years old, his wife Anna is 58. They live ina
communal area near Murewa, east of Harare. He has almost 2 hectares of
arable land: most is used for corn, the rest for peanuts. This year
he was able to borrow 364.11 Zimbabwe dollars (1 Zimbabwe dollar = 6.50
Swedish kronor). This means seed, sprays and several kinds of fertilizer.

He estimates that he will harvest over 100 sacks of corn this year,
roughly 9 tons. Ten sacks will be kept for family use, the rest will be
sold to the state at 18 dollars a sack. The loan will then be repaid--
and he will have over 1200 dollars left over.

The family has mango trees and vegetables in the garden. Plus the big
cement bin that will be filled with corn this spring.

2. Nigel Thornycroft is 74. He refers to himself as a retiree--his son,
Richard, 34, takes care of the tobacco. Nigel's main responsibility
is for the cattle, 700 head of beef. They own 2228 hectares, but two-
thirds of the land is just rock and meadowland with poor soil. They
raise tobacco on 43 hectares with the help of around 50 permanently-
employed "Afs," as they say (Africans). Each tobacco leaf is handled
seven times manually as it is harvested, dried and dyed. The harvest
will be a good one this year, 110-120 tons. That is the equivalent of
8 million packs of cigarettes. In other words over 100 million kronor
in consumer costs. They themselves get 1.5 million kronor for the to-
bacco. That will make ends meet, perhaps, they say.

6578
cso: 3650/219

118


JPRS~SSA- 85-033

19 April 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
Briefs
Rail Standardization 1
BENIN
Komsomol Delegation Visit Reported
(Dossavi-Messy; EHUZU, 5 Feb 85) . 2
North Korean Delegation To Expand Cooperation
(EHUZU, 4 Feb 85) cescescccccscececccsccceee 4
BOTSWANA
Government Urged To Start Projects To Stop Urban Migration
(DAILY NEWS, 26 Feb 85) cocseecec cece cece cece secs eeenes 5
Budget Reflects Good Economic Performance
(Jowitt Mbongwe; DAILY NEWS, 26 Feb 85) ..sscccsecssceess 6
Nationals Urged To Give Priority to Local Goods
(DAILY NEWS, 25 Feb 85) ceccescccecscccccsccccevccscecees 8

Response Good for Farming Aid Schemes
(Kegaisamang Tau; DAILY NEWS, 26 Feb 85) ..ccccsececseees 10

Absentee Landlords Should Sell Farms to Nationals
(Bapasi Mphusu; DAILY NEWS, 26 Feb 85) ..c.ccccccccceevee 11

Only One in Three Posts Filled in Railways Department
(DAILY NEWS, 26 Feb 85) ..ccccc ccc cc cece cece ee ese ccecene 12

Decentralization System Proves To Be Effective
(David Matshediso, Marshall Tladi; DAILY NEWS, 27 Feb 85) 13

Briefs ;
Refining Contract 14



JPRS~SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

- SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MEAT FIRMS--Windhoek.--The Administrator-General of SWA, Dr Willie van Niekerk,
yesterday announced comprehensive guidelines to revitalise ‘the meat industry
in the territory. Dr Van Niekerk's decisions were contained in a White Paper
following the recommendations of a commission of inquiry into the SWA meat in-
dustry. The White Paper stated tt was dn SWA's best long-term interest to ac-
quire optimal penetration in South African-controlled areas for the marketing
of cattle and carcasses. The authorities in the territory would negotiate
marketing quotas with the South African Government, as an integral part of an
overall marketing strategy. According to the White Paper, the SWA Government
would not guarantee bank loans to the SWA Vleis (Pty) Ltd group of companies,
but the government was prepared to subsidise some of the interest on bank
loans in times of high interest rates.. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 22 Mar 85 p 8]

TRAINING SERVICES ALLOCATION--The Government was acutely aware of the need to
ensure an adequate supply of all categories of skilled manpower, the Minister
of Finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, said yesterday. He said the allocation to
the Department of Manpower's training services had been increased by 14 percent
to R103-million. "However, I share the belief that there should be a more
equitable sharing of the cost burden of training, firstly between the Govern-
ment and the private sector and, secondly, between the various industries and
employers within the private sector." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 19 Mar 85 p 14]

BLACK HOUSING--An amount of R118,2-million was to be added to the capital of
the National Housing Fund for the provision of Black housing, the Minister of
Finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, said in the Budget speech yesterday. This pro-
vision, under the vote of the Department of Public Works and Land Affairs, was
in addition to the provision made under the Co-operation and Development Vote,
were some $72,2-million was set aside for housing. Because housing was an own
affair in terms of the constitution, the Ministers of the Budget in the various
Houses of Parliament would furnish details of spending by respective own affairs
departments in this regard to their own Houses. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITI-
ZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 14]

DEFENSE EXPENDITURE-~As a result of stringent economising, expenditure on -

Defence would increase by only 8,1 percent over the amount voted last year,
the Minister of Finance, Mr Barend du Plessis said during his Budget speech

102


UPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

; . NIGERIA

KIRI DAM NOW REPORTED OPERATIONAL
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 1 Mar 85 p 16
[Article by A. B. Tapidi]

[Text] The multi-million Naira Kiri Dam in Guyuk, Gongola State, completed
about one year ago, is now fully operational.

The present water storage of the dam is 615 million cubic metres. It is made
up of 290 million cubic metres of live water storage and 325 million cubic
metres of l'dead water storage."

The Irrigation Engineer of the project, Mr. D. Abeysekara, told the New
Nigerian at the dam site that everything was now'functional and normal.

Mr. Abeysekara said about 6.5 million cubic metres of water were discharged,

to irrigate the sugar cane plantations of the Savannah Sugar Company, adding

that 6,000 out of 12,000 hectares of land acquired for the sugar cane planta-
tions had been cultivated,

He said the dam was planned to irrigate the sugar plantations and projects
of the Upper Benue River Basin and Rural Authority as well as supply water
to the neighbourhood and fisheries.

A New Nigerian investigation showed that the Kiri Dam was completed at the
cost of 72,805,906.25 Naira.

The contract was awarded to the Nigerian Construction Company (NECCO) on
April 28, 1977 by the then military administration at the cost of 57 million
Naira, It was later reappraised due to inflation, labour and overhead costs.

NECCO is a construction company in which the Federal Government had 60 per
cent shares and a Yugoslav firm has the remaining 40 per cent shares.

The investigation showed that the Kiri Dam is about 1,200 metres long with a
maximum height of 20 metres above river-bed level. Its reservoir is 30 kilo-
metres long and six kilometres wide.

The normal top water-level is 3.5 metres below the dam crest and at that level,
the dam now has a live water storage of approximately 290 million cubic metres.

62


* count as valid only in the dependence plan based on

uestionable logic of na- majority compulsion,
tionalist egotism: ‘Every without being able to ward it
_chiid shall enjoy the right to off’. This speaks for itself.
have access to education on @ While reading
the matter of religion or cnronvtogicafly through
* belief in accordance with the Pretorius’ © political
* wishes of his parents’, _ statements it is impossible to
Mr Pretorius, the liberal escape a sense of resentment
does not want to deny your against some of his party
children that right, or even members directly involved in
' the ‘right’ to indoctrination the MPC (26/10/84): ‘Ad-
of racial superiority. vocate Eben van Zyl is also °
just human and _ therefore
POLITICAL FOLLY : fallable’.

He has also moved steadily
to the right: in the context of
South African politics, his

> , What this columnist ob-
; Jects to is to the taxpayer

: Picking up the bill for the > pronouncements become
political folly of others. By ' ba and more like those of
all means, have your the Conservative Party politi-
scpregated schools, your )- sians than those of the Na-
Windhoek Onder- tional Party (but who in his
wyskolleges. But let_parents ‘ right mind can say what Na-"
and ‘charitable bodies’ like tional Party policy is?).

, the Kultuurraad pay for this ‘Allow me now to pose the”
dubious privilege. crucial question to Mr Moses

The state is to be excused Katjiuongua: How can you
from paying for your plann- + convince us that the MPC is

* ing mistakes: The WOK must not a mere talkshop when

_ Supply the most expensive per , you are engaged in a discus-
capita training per the sion with people differing
pathetically low intake of less that radically from you, peo-

« than one hundred students ple who show no. flexibility

»_ this year. This is not because whatsoever? :

* of the quality of training How can you have a sensi-
(which just could be very ble discussion ‘with “people
good, for argument’s sake) who ‘consider sharing the
but because approximately mortuary, incinerator, X-ray

* R30-million has been ‘in- and kitchen facilities at the
vested’ in the ‘campus’. |. planned Swakopmund

We don’t want to be party , hospital with other-than-
to this offence against our whites a major concession?
underdeveloped country. It sounds like a bad racial
@ An extract from the *: joke. Before we can take the
Pretorius anthology, this “MPC seriously, a lot, of ex-
time on independence ._ Plaining has, to’ be done, If

(16/11/84): ‘Minorities in *: mot, the MPC would not even

. South West Africa, especially "deserve a footnote. in the

y7 the whites, were manipulated history of our troubled coun-
: Overnight to” accept an in- try.

CSO: 3400/858

48


GERMAN EXPORTS TO SOUTH AFRICA INCREASE

J
L

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85 p 17

[Text]

cso:

SOME 15 percent of all
‘South African imports
normally originate from
Germany, but during
\'1984 Germany increased
Lits exports to the Repub-
tlic by a third, despite
worsening economic con-
ditions here,

These figures are_dis-'.

‘closed by the SA-German
Chamber of Commerce
and Industry in its analy-

_sis of German trade statis-
‘tics just released.

Combined trade im-
ports and exports
amounted to closé on
RS 000-million =
R3 324,7-million in ex-
‘ports to South Africa and
‘R1 488,5-million in im-

ports from South Africa.

Significant increases in

;German exports. have

“been achieved in the sup-
ply of motor vehicle com-
‘ponents, which increased
by 46,2 percent, reaching
a volume of R1 000-mil-
lion.

Another area is the
‘lectrical industry, in
which exports increased
by 23,3 percent, reaching
R432-million..

German exports to South
Africa fall into the cat-
egory of end products,
which reflect the demand
for products linked to
German technology.
‘South African exports
to Germany increased by
8,6 percent in DM terms,

although there was.a-19,6 -

percent drop in the sale of
Krugerrands during the

year.
- Krugerrands ‘form ap-
proximately 10 percent of
all exports to Germany.

Exports of agricultural
products showed a de-
crease of 5,5 percent, to
R186-million, but fruit
and citrus exports show
increases of 20 percent
and 16 percent respective-
ly.
Raw ‘material exports
to Germany increased by
17,9 percent, to R496-
million. Primary products
reached _ R468-million,
and semi-finished prod-
ucts R125-million.

The chief executive. of
the SA German
Chamber, Mr Achim
Strake, said it is the belief
of the chamber, which

‘, Nearly 85 pergent of. promotes. twawwav.trade-

3400/857

97

that there is still scope to
expand the export of fin-
ished products made in
South Africa, if market
development is done on a
selective basis, as it is
sometimes difficult . for
‘South Africa’s manufac-
turers -to. fulfil -orders
according. ta the .quanti-
ties required. The present
exchange rate should also
be of benefit and should
be exploited, he said.

“More ._ consideration
should be given to exhibi-
ting South African goods
at Germany’s internat-
ional _ exhibitions © and
trade fairs, as these have
established themselves
worldwide as internat-
ional market places,” he
added.

PRS-SSA-85-033
9 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA~-85~033
19 April 1985

ETHIOPIA

GONDAR SCHOOL INCREASE REPORTED

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 27 Feb 85 pp 1, 6

[Text] :

~ In the seven provinces of Gondar bers of the community and‘ ~ imple-

region 447 elementary, 22 junior se- mentation of the new eur...uluma of

condary and 13 senior secondary scho- socialist education. ;

ols were built and put into service with It.was also reported that there are

funds secured - from the government ~ a total of 29 kindergartens in the seven

and contributions obtained from the provinces where 5 teachers have a
; en” t ition to

local populace during the past ten .” ready been assigned in add

' f revoluti Je A model kindergarten built at a cost of

years - revolutionary strugg! and 258,000 bisr by the Gondar Town.

co Council. -.

It is reported that there were only ., .. . .
30,357 students in the 120 schools that A: modern: kindergarten built by the
functioned in the. region in 1974 Council is-already operational and 16
which has since - risen to 121,895 as additional. kindergartens are nearing
a result of the priority. given to educa- completion.

‘tion by the revoluti government: . Concerning illiteracy a total of
7 ee 1,088,573 adults have been freed from

The number of teachers serving in illiteracy from the first to the eleventh

the region stood at only 930 until the round of the literacy campaign.
of the revolution, but

grows to 8,561 besides aan A total of 1.032 radios were distri.
administration workers who are coope- ° buted among 396 schools which re-
rating with teachers for the expansion eve education by adie ee edhe
of the horizo : y a raining centres a eae

° mn of knowledge vf Hem tional development centers are in ope-

: ration. (ENA)
CSO: 3400/859

22


KAPFA REGION MILITIAMEN COMPLETE TRAINING

JPRS-SSA-85-033

19 April 1985

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 26 Feb 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

A total of 885 members of the loc-
al militia drawn from five provinces
of Kaffa region received certificates
in Jimma Saturday upon completion
‘of athree month military science and
ideological training.

The certificates were handed out
by Comtade Begashaw Atalai, mem-
ber of the CC of WPE and First Sec-
retary of the WPE Committee of

“Kaffe region, at a ceremony held in

Jimma town. ;
Comrade Begashaw said on’ the oc-

3400/859

casion the National Military Servi-

ce (NMS) has enabled the youth to”

dedicate themselves for the national
defence of the country guided by co-
mmunist discipline.

Comrade Begashaw urged the mili-
tiamien to fight against profiteering
merchants and contrabandists. who
seek to undermine the national econo-
my. '

* He also advised them to provide
active support to producers’ cooperati-
ves.

“Earlier Comrade. Major Dejene
Wondim-Agegnehu, member of the
CC of WPE and Military Commis-
sar for Kaffa region, spoke on the
revolutionary duties expected of the
trainees and the aims of training the
local militia.

Members of territorial militia dra-
wn from various Kebele peasants’ as-

sociations in Barka province, Eritrea
region, also graduated in Asmara Sun-

‘day upon completion of a three-month

training course in military science
and ideological education.

Special prizes to excelling mem:
bers and certificates to the graduating
‘batch were handed out by Comrade
Gebre-Egzabiher Kebedew, First Sec-
retary of the WPE Committee for
Barka province,

18

ETHIOPIA


JPRS~SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RESIDENCY PERMITS OF BLACKS RECONSIDERED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 25 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] DIE BURGER has it on good authority that the parliamentary standing
committee on cooperation and development will soon consider a law change which
will mean that the permanent residency permit a black has gained in one area
will also be valid in other areas.

The existing regulation in Article 10 of the municipal law, which requires that
a black have a permanent residency permit in the area of one deve Lopments
council only, has begun to become counterproductive, civil servants in the
department of cooperation and development said yesterday.

Among other things, this had led to unwillingness on the part of blacks to go
to areas, which, due to ‘decentralization are being developed, for fear that
they will Lose their permanent residency permit.

Because of the existing law, a black would lose his permanent residency permit
if he stayed in his homeland for a considerable time or if he left the area
where his residency permit was valid. ‘he residency permit that he has In one
area is not applicable to another area too. It is also extremely difficult for
a black to get another residency permit once he lost one.

Linkage

Because of the intended change, a black will retain the residency permit he has
gained, regardless of where he is. This will entail, among other things, that
a black who becomes unemployed in one area could lawfully look for refuge in
another area.

Civil servants involved in the case yesterday told DIF BURGER that the granting
of residency permits will always be Linked to the availability of work and
housing, cvegardless of intended changes.

The proposed law change involved has already been drafted. This draft is at
the moment with the constitutional law advisers and will presently be
introduced in the standing committee on cooperation and development for
consideration. It has been Jearned that the intended change will be
implemented this very year.

12855
cso: 3401/125 101



fields of interest. Comrade Berhanu said on the occasion that the departees
are the first group out of the 2000 youths to leave for Bulgaria and added
that the scholarship apportunity was obtained thanks to the friendly rela-
tions and the cooperation agreement reached between the two countries.
[Excerpt] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 5 Mar 85 p 1]

CSO; 3400/859

30


of them seems to have the best connections to the postal director: with
their influence, they emphasize, they can produce the desired connection
faster, provided one makes a contribution for these services. A lack of
time, a necessary evil for most Europeans, is a fertile ground where
corruption can flourish abundantly. The system functions perfectly, there
are no disappointments. A short time later the connection has been made.
Hours of waiting or lack of success are avoided.

Upon leaving the office, the useful helper stays at one's side with his hand
open. His reward is a guarantee of his service when the next time arrives.
Now, at last, the foreigner realizes that corruption does not exist due to
the fact that everything functions so slowly and laboriously but that
corruption is the cause of it. To perpetuate its flourishing existence,
nothing must be permitted to function any longer without it.

No doubt, corruption is an important economic factor--in a negative sence,

Its first consequence is a serious decline of confidence in public authorities.
In particular, employers can no longer calculate risks and invest productively.
The private sector is eliminated as an important vehicle of development,
corrupt government agencies have to intervene--corruption increases.

As a consequence, it would be premature to blame the depressed economic
situation of a country like Zaire exclusively on something like declining
world market prices for copper: today's per capita income is lower than it
was 20 years ago, per capita agricultural production decreased by 15 percent
during the last 10 years. Even for Africa it is a sad state of affairs.

In addition, there is a $5 billion foreign debt. At the same time, the list
of mineral resources that can be found in Zaire reads like a fairy tale:
copper, cobalt, diamonds, zinc, tin, manganese, uranium, gold, silver and
petroleum. Zaire is the largest producer in the world of industrial
diamonds and cobalt, it is in first place among Africa's tin producers and
in sixth place among the world's copper producers, Agricultural exports
consist of palm oil, rubber and coffee. In contrast to many other African
countries, Zaire does not have a problem of space: in an area that is ten
times the size of the FRG (with good agricultural soil) the population count
is only half of what it is in our country, slightly more than 30 million.

Do riches cause poverty? In view of the possibilities of the country it is
sheer mockery that today Zaire is among the recipients of food aid.

It takes some skill to destroy a country with such a potential. Mobutu
succeded. He has adorned himself with the title of marshall and likes to be
called a "leader with ingenious ideas." He has been president since 1965 and
simultaneously the leader to the only legitimate party, the MPR (Mouvement
Populaire Revolutionnaire) [Popular Revolutionary Movement]. He is also the
commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. He is not popular, but because he

is protected by the military which is devoted to him, Mobutu counts among

the survivors in the ranks of the dictators of the Third World, and he
belongs in the same category as Alfredo Stroessner of Paraguay and Ferdinand
Marcos of the Philippines. To be sure, he is not quite as shrewd as Marcos,
but he shares Stroessner's ability to remove opponents quietly and permanently.

lll



cso;

3400/858

| (Admittedly,

Political than sporting in-
terests’.

Mr Muller, in a society
such as ours politics
permeates to all spheres of
life!

However, more important

. that this incident, by no

means isolated, is the simple
fact that a _ poor,

underdeveloped country like,

ours cannot afford, in human
and economic terms, three
tertiary education centres,
two of which are being kept
alive by sectarian whims.
it must be
pointed out in fairness that

‘ the Khomasdal Teachers’

v by legal

“entrenches the

Training College was perhaps
established in desperation,
the country then still shackled

tions).
VENEER OF
EQUALITY

This is a social division
which is legally entrenched,

not by the crude Group Areas -
; Act, the Immorality Act, the |”

apartheid regula-

Mixed Marriages Act and a |

host of other repressive
measures. It is enforced by
the much more subtle’ ad-
ministrative measures, by
“government” by ethnic rule,
by AG-8. ‘

In its subtlety it is much
more dangerous than the
crude measures: It fools us
into believing that real pro-
gress had been made towards
an equal society. The con-
trary, in fact, is achieved - the
Status quo is maintained
under the thin veneer of
equality, the gap between the
very rich and the desperately
Poor remains and widens, no
redistribution of human and
economic resources can be
achieved.

Education is a first, if long-
term step towards such a
redistribution of resources.
And it is here where the
Academy plays its invaluable
role, where the WOK, in its
underutilised complex merely
inherited”
system with its privileges
gained ‘at the. expense of
others, and it does so ina way
which is already abandoned
even in South Africa.

Maintaining the privileged
white position at the WOK is

achieved not without com-
plicity from certain depart-
ments’ in the Central Civil
Service, or more correctly by
certain.kingpins in specific

.departments of the Central

Civil Service. Let me name
that department, so as not to
implicate the whole Central
Civil Service: the Department,
of Nature Conservation.
Upon refusing to comply
with an order to organise a
nature conservationists’ con-
ference at the WOK because
of its attitude to other-than-
white conservationists, the
co-ordinator was accused by
local perpetuators of apar-
theid, separate development
(call this stinkblom by any
other name you like) of in-

. subordination.

. He was hauled before a
magistrate (I still fail to see
what a magistrate can
possibly have to do with such
a case). He was found-guilty.

This year a. second conference

was held at that disreputable,
ailing institution, without any
notice having been taken of
it. .

Let me assure the ‘accused’

: that South’ West Africa has

54

infinitely more’ respect for

/ him than for the pinstriped

‘overpaid functionaries
dedicated to upholding the
leaderships’ orders.

That ‘leadership is not
located in South West Africa.
In dealing with this: ‘specific
hierarchically-ordered group
which is characteristic of that
Twentieth century brand of
oppression, totalitarianism,
we need a completely new
vocabulary. Let us refer to
these functionaries carrying
the idealogical message into
all spheres of life as the ap-_
paratchiki. .

This descriptive Russian
term serves to smooth over
the internal: ideological dif-
ferences between totalitarian
trends, emphasising that the
message is, so to speak, less
important than the media and
consequently that a transition
from one totalitarian way of
doing things to another does
not differ that much. While
there is still time, it is this col-
umnist’s aim to identify and
isolate the apparatchiki,
because they often move
unrecognisable amongst us.



19 April 1985

COETZEE DEFENDS TELEPHONE BUGGING--Johannesburg: People's telephones are be-
ing monitored by the police whenever the national security is in jeopardy,

said Police Commissioner, General Johann Coetzee yesterday. Under the terms
of the post-office act, the police may also listen in on other telephone con-

versations, but only after complying with a certain prescribed procedure, said
General Coetzee. He most strongly denies that the police are monitoring peo-
ple's telephone conversations in matters that do not affect national security
and claims that the law can indeed empower the police to do this. General
Coetzee reacted in a statement to a report in a Sunday newspaper, according to
which he has made another statement admitting that the police are monitoring
telephone conversations--even where national security is not endangered. He
said yesterday that the whole question of police bugging of phones has been
taken completely out of context. According to yesterday's statement, he was
not approached to give an interview dealing with the affair and under no cir-
cumstances has any official statement concerning telephone bugging been re-
leased by him. The "statement" of General Coetzee followed on the heels of
assertions made by a suspended Pretorian policeman, concerning "wholesale ab-
use" of telephone monitoring by the police, in a report that was sent to the
opposition leader, Dr Frederik Van Zyl Slabbert. "In a chance conversation
that dealt with other matters such as the Kubus affair, a few perfunctory re-
marks were made with respect to the problems stemming from phone monitoring,"
said General Coetzee yesterday. Captain M. Dippenaar of the department of pub-
lic relations of the Pretorian police said: "The whole situation is now being
taken out of context, making it look as if an official statement had been
forthcoming from the police commissioner." Article Five of the police law
authorizes police actions within the framework of that article. [Text] [Cape
Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 4 Mar 85 p 5] 8117

GOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS COMPARED TO ZIMBABWE'S--When the South African army and
police undertook a joint cleanup operation in Sebokeng and other black neigh-
borhoods in October of last year, it occasioned more than misgivings: in cer-
tain regions there was vicious condemation. One watches thus with interest
to see what will happen now that Mr Robert Mugabe has unleashed the Zimbabwean
army in a siege of Bulawayo's black neighborhoods and in a campaign against
what they are calling dissidents there. Taken together with the perpetration
of political violence last week in which at least 14 people died, it will
strengthen the fear that this year's general election in Zimbabwe will not be
free and equitable. Mr Mugabe wants very much to make a one-party state out
of Zimbabwe. One prerequisite, however, is a greater victory at the ballot
boxes. And it looks as if he will stop at nothing in order to attain this
victory. His Shona-controlled Zanu-PF party is accused of intimidating the
other parties through violent means. Opposition parties are often prevented
from holding meetings, and they get very little attention in the media, which
is controlled by the Mugabe government. The most important battle is against
Mr Joshua Nkomo's Zapu, the party that is supported by most of the Matabeles.
The relations between the Shonas and the Matabeles became a great deal worse
last year, after the army, and especially the Fifth Brigade, was blamed for
the mass murders in Matabeleland. It looks as if things have now reached a
further low. Mr Mugabe can possibly contrive a greater victory at the ballot
box with his dangerous methods. But it will be a victory that can bring no
full and equal peace, stability and prosperity. [Text] [Cape Town DIE BUR-
GER in Afrikaans 4 Mar 85 p 6] 8117

CSO: 3401/137

108


cso:

3400/857

which could occur at any
time, would immediately
exert a material influence
on financial conditions
and call for rapid monet-
ary policy adjustments re-
sulting in inevitable, al-
beit desirable, changes in,
for example, interest and
exchange rates”.

Independently set tar-
gets would more often
than not in the short run
also be mutually incon-
sistent and therefore in-
capable of simultaneous
attainment.

“There is, for example,
such a close ___inter-
relationship between the
money supply, the level
of interest rates and the
exchange rate, that a
meaningful target can be
set for only one of these
variables, after which the
other two will adjust~to
their own levels.”

“What we can and shall
do, however, is to set out
in detail our fiscal and
monetary policy frame-
work, including our ulti-
mate and intermediate
objectives and priorities,
the policy instruments to
achieve them, and the
broad time scales we envi-
sage for these policies to
bear fruit.”

The Minister said poli-
cy implications for the
year ahead were very
clear.

Basically the situation
called for an effective and
not a notional continu-
ation of the economic
stategy of curbing the ex-
pansion of total spending

72

in the economy by means
of monetary and fiscal
measures in accordance
with the Government's
declared aim of promot-
ing private enterprise and
effective competition.

“There is an essential
need to add more fiscal
policy to the overall poli-
cy mix.”

The recent confluence
of national ‘and internat-
ional events had made the
budget one of the most
important in the econom-
ic history of South Africa.

“It is no exaggeration
to say that the key. to the
stability and growth of the
South African economy
in the period immediately
ahead lies in the decisions
taken at this jucture re-
garding Government
spending, taxation and
public debt management
and in the reaction to an
perceptions of our efforts
in this field.

Managed floating,
however, had not been
without its benefits, Mr
Du Plessis said.

“It has, for example,
maintained and even
raised the Rand value of
our principal exports,
thereby also boosting tax
revenues, and it has pro-
vided additional protec-
tion to many domestic
manufacturers.

“It has also helped to
retain long-term foreign
capital in the country and
to attract new foreign in-
vestment through the
stock exchange and in
other ways,” he added. —

Sapa.


Se ........._.._ eee

IPRS-SSA-85~-033
19 Apri] 1985

ETHIOPIA

CORNERSTONE FOR IRRIGATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT LAID

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Mar 85 pp 1, 5

[Text]

CSO;

A comeistons for the construction
of a dam for expanding irrigational
development project in Yerer-Kereyu
province of .Shoa region has been

two countries, an additional 4,700
hectares of land will be developed at
a cost of 71,000,000 birr to bring
the total area to 6,500 hectares. The
remaining 10,500 hectares of lend

. The cortierstone was laid by Com- are to be developed during the second
rade Addis Teilla, member of the phase of the plan
Politburo of the CC of WPE and Plantations to be developed include

Deputy Chairman of the National
* Committee for Central Planning and
‘also Chairman of the Joint Ethio-
Bulgaria Commission, ‘and Comrade
Pencho Kubadinski,. member of the
‘Politbyro of Communist Party of Bul-
‘garia, Chairman’ of the Bulgarian side
‘of the Joint Commission.

Comrade Addis and Comrade Pen-
cho Kubadinski not only laid the
cornerstone at Awara Melka Agri-
cultiral Development Project, but
also visited fruits and vegetables
plantations being developed by irriga-
tion at Awara Melka locality.

..Out of the.17,000 hectares of land.
platined'to be developed jointly by
Ethidpi and Bulgaria at Awara
Melk and Yalo ‘localities by harnes-

sing the Kesem and Kebena rivers, .

1,800 hectares of land have already
been’ developed by Fruits and Veget-

It wis pointed out that ‘according
to the agreement reached hetween the

3400/859

24

’ cotton, tobacco, maize, sorghum
various kinds of fruits and ‘veget-
ables. ! .

Comrade Addis and Comrade Kub-
qdinski spoke after, laying the ort

-erstone outlining the strong relations
existing between the two countries.

*" Speaking earlier, Comrade Fona
‘Wolde-Giorgis, General Manager of
the Fruits and Vegetebles Corpora:
tion, briefed the two officials inthe
courte of which he said that there
are 20,000 hectares of land to be de-
veloped through irrigation at Kesem
Kebena valley

-» Present at the cornerstone’ laying

-eeromony were Comrade “Geremew

"Debele, member of the Central Com-
mittee of WPE. and Ambassador of

“Revolutionary Ethiopia to the: ’Peo-

"ple’s Republic of Bulgaria, Comrade
Yosef Muleta, member of the Central

Committee of WPE and Minister of

‘State Farms Development, and Com-
rade Ambassador Georgi Petrov Kas-
sove of Bulgaria. (ENA).-



THREAT OF COMPUTER FRAUD NOTED

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Mar 85 p 1

[Article by David Cumming]

[Text]

cso:

: SOUTH AFRICA’S belea-
“guered business community

faces yet another threat in the
form of computer crime,
which could cost it at least
_R100 million this year.

‘The figure could rise as
high as R200 million.

This is.the estimate of
members of the Institute of
Internal Auditors, who believe
much of it could be prevented
by management.

base their fears on an
explosive | combination of re-
“cessionary times and the in-
; ereasing number of computer
1 systems.
As the pressure ‘on personal
finances grows, they ey.
will the temptation to ce ud
companies.. The ingenuity re-
quired to steal R10000 is the
same as that to steal R10 mil-

wtney
point out that people

‘are deh driven ‘to take desperate «

“measures: as personal com-
mitments grow, or because
they need to repay debts when
they try to sane their way
out of troub! simply’ be-
_ Cause they: are bitter about
being passed Qver for promo-
Computer security expert
‘Paul Credo said picid
prime was shadowy since:
than 10 perpent became gub-
yale J knowledge. Companies
‘were at to prevent “egg-
{:on-face” situations — more 80
; in South Africa because of the
peelatively small size of the
 Jocal business community.

3400/932

mney Were al also reluctant to ©

feared
Prplcity coal could lea ee

cat” crimes.’ This create a:

“major problem in computer
crime: no exchange of valu-
able information to Prevent
its récurrence. “-
os Mari
‘unaware
puter crime.
fae § retently investigated a
case in which a company was,
bi epared to write off a
175 000.stock-loss, blaming it
‘@ poor computer system. I
was ‘convinced there was
B ‘rand but the company did not

inve
Araud involving R5 000.
Wedel me su ¥ was at
bg when we
end it was.

‘of com-

He agtetd ‘with

the Institute of Internal
; Auditors that management
‘control could prevent much of
fhe crime which took place,

90

maneeonms Aweres«

IPRS-SSA~85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

BOTSWANA

GOVERNMENT URGED TO START PROJECTS TO STOP URBAN MIGRATION

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 26 Feb 85 p 2

[Text]

CSO:

GABORONE: The Gov-
ernment has been once again
urged to start projects to
create employment in the
rural areas to stop the current
high rate of migration to
towns.

Speaking during the debate
of the budget which was
presented by the Vice
President and Minister of
Finance and Development
Planning, Mr Peter Mmusi on
Monday, the MP for
Shoshong, Mr Goareng
Mosinyi, suggested that the
Government must do
something immediately to
cater to rural people.

He said rural development
was very slow and asa result
90 percent of the population
of Botswana was still
suffering from unemployment
and lack of food.

He further said that people
‘jin the rural areas flock to
towns to look for jobs which
do not exist.

One way of developing rural
areas, Mr Mosinyi suggested,
was the grading of rural roads
and supplying councils with
what he called sophisticated
machinery to grade these
roads.

Without telephones in the
tural areas it could not be
said rural development was
going on properly, MrMosinyi
charged.

The MP told the House
that water supplies in the
rural areas was irregular and
there were frequent

3400/866

breakdowns of machinery,
while in towns every house
was supplied with water.

He however thanked the
Ministry of Agriculture for
the field destumping
programme, which he said
had benefitted a lot of people.

Mr Mosinyi’s concern on
rural development was shared
by the MP for Maun/Chobe,
Mr David Monwela, who
remarked that it seemed that
urban centres were being
developed more rapidly at
the expense of rural residents
and as a result people were
going to towns looking for
employment.

Unemployment was a
world-wide problem, he said,
and some developed
countries had up to three
million unemployed people.
He said there were some
people in Parliament who
were “dreaming”.

“We have people who think
money can just be dished
out,” he said. “The fact that
other African states were
operating in the red was a
lesson to those who say ‘we
are misusing money.’ We are
not here to argue but to make
proposals,”

Mr Monwela queried the
system whereby vegetables
produced in Botswana were
exported to South Africa and
then imported again. He said
these go to South Africa as
first grade vegetables. He
suggested that markets for
this fresh produce should be

created in Botswana.

In support, the MP for
Mochudi Mr Greek Ruele said
northern Tuli Block farmers
were capable of supplying
Botswana with fresh produce
@nd there was no reason why
the Botswana Development
Cotporation (BDC) should
be exporting vegetables to
South Africa which were later
imported back into Botswana.

On the BMC bonus issue,
MP Ruele stated that the
former Minister of Agriculture
had explained to the people
in his constituency how this
operates, but surprisingly
there was still some doubt in
the minds of the people.

He suggested that to
remove that doubt, the
Minister of Agriculture should
produce an audited statement
of BMC accounts.

The MP for Gaborone
North, Mr Maitshwarelo
Dabutha suggested that the
Ministry of Agriculture be
given the lion's share of the
current budget instead of the
P16 million it was given for
1985/86.

Mr Dabutha argued that
the Government was not
doing anything to improve
the lives of the people as far
as agriculture was concerned.

He added that because of
the drought, which featured
prominently in the budget
speech, he had expected
agriculture to be allocated
more money than any other
ministry.



FINANCE MINISTER'S BUDGET PRAISED

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 pp 1, 2

[Editorial]

{Text}

cSO:

{WE think that Mr Barend :du Plessis, our
young Minister of Finance, has passed his
first test with flying colours.

He inherited something of a mess. But his
careful budgeting, especially in keeping Gov-

ernment expenditure below the inflation’

tate, suggests that he is placing the country
firmly on the road to long-term recovery.
We are, naturally, disappointed that he has

not left General Sales Tax alone, since it:

bears heavily on all sections of the communi-
ty, the poor especially.

We are disappointed, too, that he -has not
exempted all food, since this would have
been given some relief even if the tax had to
go up, as it has done, to 12 percent.

The increase in the surcharge on individual
income tax, regardless of age, is also to be
deplored, since the individual has been over-
. burdened by taxation already.

Nevertheless, Mr Du Plessis has spread his net
‘wide and wisely, increasing the ad valorem
duty on imported cars (those who can afford

~ the luxury can afford to-pay the increased:

duty), increasing the duty on video

“recorders (though they are less of | ury
than he thinks in these days when television
reigns supreme), increasing the duty and ad
valorem customs duty on office machines and
certain electronic devices (an extra cost
which will not break any firms) and increas-
ing the excise duty on locally. produced petrol
from coal (bringing local petrol into line with
the imported fuel).

ette

3400/857

His special temporary additional surcharge on
gold and diamond mining companies is justi-
fied, particularly in the case of the gold min- -
ing companies, which are benefiting tremen-
dously from the higher revenue which they
are receiving as a result of the fall in the va-
lue of the rand in relation to the dollar.

Other mining companies are also to pay an
additional special surcharge.

However, it is in his special levy on life assur-
ance business and his special levy on banks
that the Minister has been innovative — and
it was time that he had a special look at both
categories.

On the concessions side, the Minister has
helped civil, military and ‘social pensioners —
and additionally has increased tax rebates for,
people 65-years-old and over.

Deductions for medical expenses have also
been increased.

There are aiso other tax concessions of inter-
est, especially the raising of the thresholds a
which tax liability commences.

Allin all, it is a Budget of some imagination. It
it helps to cut inflation and bring down inter-!
est rates, as the Minister intends it should do,
- it will restore confidence and bring South
_ Africa’s fiscal policies into better shape than
they have been for years

We congratulate Mr Du Plessis on a splendid
Budget debut. For a novice at the game, he
has shown the skill of a practised and con-
summate Budgeter.

73



DEFICIT REPRESENTS 3,2 PERCENT OF GDP

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 14

[Text]

cSO:

3400/857

«HE Government faced a
deficit before borrowing
of R3 350 caillion, or
3.2..percent oi the gross
domestic: product. the
Minister of Finance said.

This was calculated
from: present-estimates of
R27 194 — million for ex-
penditure and R23 835 —
million of revenue.

Redemption. of loans
during :1984/85_.. would
amount to R2 538 — mil-
lion. This would be R363
million higher than
anticipated and was due
mainly to an’ increase in
bond and foreign loan re-
demptions.

“The net result is a
total financing require-
ment of RS 897 — million
for 1984/85, some R1 142
— million or 24 percent
higher than budgeted for.

“However, the Ex-
chequer’s .funding pro-
gramme has once again
been extrememly success-
ful.and a total amount of
R6 362. — million will
have been raised by the
end of this month, mainly
from the non—bank pri-
vate'sector, leaving a sur-
plus of R465 — million.

79

A feature of the past
year’s financing program-
me had been the Ri 600
— million raised in new
Government stock.

The decision to discon-
tinue the Bonus Bond
‘Scheme was reflected in a
R194 — million decrease
in total bond receipts over
the year to R161 — mil-
lion.

New foreign loans, on
the other hand, yielded
R175 —. million more
than the budgeted R425
— million,

“To the Surplus of
R465 — million I. propose
adding the current bal-
ance in the stabilisation
account of R194 — mil-
lion, which increases the
total to R659 — million.

“This will enable the
Exchequer to clear the
outstanding balance of
R654 — million on the
gold and foreign exhange
contingency reserve ac-
count with the Reserve
Bank as at March 31
1984.”

This left a surplus of RS
—~ million for the current
year which would be
transferred to 1985/86 and
used for the Small Busi-
ness Development Cor-
poration.

JPRS-SSA~85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA~85-033
19 April 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

RAIL STANDARDIZATION--Representatives of seven Southern African countries met
in Johannesburg this week to plan the standardization of the sub-continent's
rail system and to exchange information on problems relating to rail transport.
Countries represented at the fourth Inter-Railway Engineering Conference were:
South Africa, Mozambique, Zaire, Swaziland, Malawi, Zimbabwe and Zambia. The
three-day conference ended yesterday. No statement was released. It was the
first time that the conference was held in South Africa, the first conference
having taken place in Zimbabwe in 1981. The South African delegation was led
by Mr J. A. Kohler, a chief engineer in the South African Transport Services
(SATS). Mr Kohler said the standardization of the rail systems in the region
would facilitate closer future cooperation between the various countries.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Mar 85 p 14]

CSO: 3400/932



JPRS~SSA~85-033
19 April 1985

with coal dealers. The dealers said in the memorandum, harassment of smaller
dealers had continued. for years and it appeared that the.Department of Mineral
and Energy Affairs inevitably took the side of the few large dealers only.
There were fears that in Durban, a monopolistic situation would arise with

only one bulk dealer, they said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
21 Mar 85 p 15] . o

WORKERS' INCREASES--Transvaal's 60 000 building-industry workers will not be
getting their annual May increases this year, The Industrial Council for the
Building Industry (Transvaal) announced yesterday that employers and trade
unions had reached agreement to postpone wage increases until the end of
October. Mr Wynand de Jonge Stapelberg, general secretary of the Industrial
council, said the decision not to increase wages by six percent in May, had
been taken to keep building costs as low as possible, thereby encouraging
developers to proceed with building projects and thus provide employment
opportunities for building workers. "The building industry has been seriously
affected by the prevailing recession and it is hoped the sacrifice made by the
Transvaal building workers will contribute to placing the country on the road
to prosperity." He said the Transvaal building industry employed about 55
percent of all building workers in the country and the decision not to increase
salaries in May would result in a saving to the industry of about $1,6-million
amonth, [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85 p 9]

DESEGREGATION OF DINING CARS--Members of all population groups may purchase
first- and second-class tickets and have the right to use the conveniences of
those classes on the trains of the South African Transportation Services, but
people of different races do not ride in the same coaches. Dining-car conven-
iences on all main line trains are open to all holders of first- and second-
class tickets, however. According to a report that SAPA released Thursday,
Mr Hendrik Schoeman, minister of transportation in the Council of Deputies,
said that the government had decided to do away with apartheid on first-class
passenger coaches and that that measure was welcomed by Indian MPs. Mr Leon
Els, public relations officer at the ministry of transportation told DIE BUR-
GER that Mr Schoeman had said that any person, regardless of race or color,
may buy a first-class ticket and have the right to make use of the convenien-
ces of that class. This does not mean, however, that people of different
races may ride in the same coaches. [Text] [Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans
2 Mar 85 p 9] 8117

NEW TAX LAW FOR CISKEI--New taxation laws went into effect Friday in Ciskei.
South Africa is inaugurating a series of reforms that are aimed at making Cis-
kei Africa's first tax-free state. Under the terms of the new tax laws, cor-
poration taxes have been completely abolished. Personal taxation has been
lowered to a fixed rate of 15 percent on incomes higher.than 8 000 rands. In
addition, property taxes and taxes on gifts have also been abolished. Mar-
vied men and women will also be taxed separately. Since the announcement of
these measures, the Ciskei People's Development Bank has been overwhelmed with
inquiries from potential investors from South Africa and also from abroad. It
is also the first time in a very long time that the people of Ciskei are re-
turning to their homeland in greater numbers than they are leaving that state.
Many people are also immigrating to Ciskei, and many are becoming established
inhabitants of the district. The creation of an export processing zone is no
longer a problem, either. Approval has been given to the first firm to import
raw materials tax-free, for use in the manufacture of exportable items. [Text]
[Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 4 Mar 85 p 8] 8117

107



[Text]

REVENUE INCREASE FOR 1985-86 EXPECTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 14

CSO:,’ 3400/857

ON the basis of current
taxation, total revenue
for 1985-86 was expected
to increase by R2 750 mil-
lion (11,5. percent) to
R26 585 million, the Min-
ister of Finance, Mr Bar-
end du Plessis, said.
“Expenditure for the
coming year was esti-
mated at R30 728 million,
he said.

get speech at a jai
sion of Parliament he said
all major revenue sources
were expected to show in-
creases, notwithstanding
low levels of economic ac-
tivity.

“Inland revenue collec-
tions are expected to in-
crease by R2 785 million
or 12,7 percent to
R24 705 million,” he said.

Revenue from gold
mines was estimated at
R2 350 million — a 16
percent rise — from non-
mining companies R4 250
million, individuals
R8 950 million (an in-
crease of R1 110 million
or 14,2 percent) and gen-
eral sales tax R7 100 mil-
tion, R1205 million
above the 1984-85 figure.

Net customs and excise
revenue might fall for the
first tirne in recent his-
tory, by some 1,8 percent
to R1 880 million, even
though a rise of as much
as 7,7 percent to R1 475

million was expected in
customs duty alone.

‘The fall in customs and
excise duties could be
attributed mainly to the
growth in Customs Union
payments.

Initial expenditure re-
quests by Government,
departments had exceed-
ed R34 000 million.

This had- represented
the departments’ “legiti-
mate somewhat idealistic
assessment of what they
needed to fulfill their ob-
ligations.

“It took several rounds
of detailed and serious
negotiations. from July
last year up. to very re-
cently to arrive at the cur-
rent figure,” Mr Du Ples-
sis said. .

The printed esimate of
expenditure he was ta-
bling reflected a figure of
R31 145 million but this
had been reduced by
R417 million, which rep-
resented that portion of
the nearly R500 million
saving on personnel-re-
lated costs recently an-
nounced by the State
President and which
could not be reflected in
the printed estimate.

There were also struc-
tural changes whereby
several expenditure items
that in previous years had
been financed off-budget,
were now being financed
on-budget.

77

JPRS~SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

yesterday. He said the point that South Africa cannot, in the foreseeable
future, do without a strong Defence capability needed no stressing. "How-
ever, the notion prevalent in certain circles that Defence expenditure is
claiming an ever-growing proportion of the Budget is simply not true, since
its share has hovered around 15 to 16 percent of total State expenditure for
many years now. "As a result of stringent economising--for which I am very
grateful to my colleague, the Minister of Defence,--I am able to propose an
allocation of R4 274-million for this vote--only 8,1 percent over the amount
voted to 1984/5. "More importantly, we should note that Defence's share in
the total Budget, far from increasing, will actually fall marginally from 14
percent in 1984/5 to 13,8 percent in 1985/86," the Minister said. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 13]

DEVELOPMENT BANK PACKAGE~-The 1985/86 package for the Development Bank of
Southern Africa was 47 percent higher than for 1984/85, the Minister of
Finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, said in his Budget speech. "Our continued
support for the bank finds expression in a contribution of $250 million to

its development fund, the taking up of a further R30 million in shares and a
payment of $2 million to compensate for South African income tax paid by the
bank's staff. "Normally the staff of international institutions are not
subject to local taxation. Apart from the multi-national development aid pro-
vided via the Development Bank, further amounts had been included in the esti-
mate of expenditure for regional development, the development of self-govern-
ing national states and of independent states, for further consolidation of
states, and for South West Africa. "These amounts totaled R2 839 million in
1984/85, and will require R3 610 million next year, an increase of over 27
percent. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 13]

VENDA BANK LOAN--Venda.~-A loan agreement with Venda was signed yesterday

at the Sandton offices of the Development Bank of Southern Africa. ‘The loan,
R6,3-million at five percent interest, is for surfacing a 14~km stretch of
gravel road from the Mbwedi River, north of Thotoyandou, to Tshandama. The
loan period is 20 years, with repayment to start in 1991. The agreement was
signed by Venda's Minister of Economic Affairs, Mr F N Ravele, and the chief
executive of the DBSA, Dr S S Brand. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 16 Mar 85 p 10]

COSTS RISE--~Expenditure for 1985-86 would amount to R30 892-million, which was
13,6 percent above that for the previous year, the Minister of Finance, Mr
Barend du Plessis, said in his Budget speech. This amount included supple-
mentary expenditure of R164-million. If structural adjustments involving a
net amount of $599-million were. excluded from the total--as it should be for
purposes of comparison~-the increase in total expenditure was 11,4 percent,
which was well below the current inflation rate, he said. "Although total
expenditure is much reduced in real terms, revenues on the existing tax base
amounting to $26 585-million will still be insufficient to finance the budgeted
expenditures. "On this basis the deficit before borrowing will be as much as
R4 307-million or some 3,7 percent of the expected Gross Domestic Product.

"It is imperative that this budget should contribute towards economic recovery,
lower inflation and meeting the requirements of sound financing cited before,
notably, that (current expenditure be not financed by loans. "Any deficit of

103



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

WITS OFFERS SOPHISTICATED RESEARCH SERVICE TO INDUSTRY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Mar 85 p 13

{Article by Stan Kennedy]

[Text]

CSO: 3400/932

. By Stan Kennedy
Through its research, the Materials
Handling Research Unit at the Univer-
Bity ‘of the Witwatersrand has saved
South African and overseas industrial-

ists millions of rands in the past few

years. . :
; With the opening of..a techndlogy ‘”
centre called UWtec at its Science

‘Park today, the university’s Faculty of
Engineering is able to offer an even
more sophisticated service to industry.
‘Until now, Science Park has com-
prised the Materials Handling Re-
search Unit and the Mechatronics Re-
search Facility. These have been amal-
gamated and their activities stream-
lined under one management team.
‘UWtec is geared to undertake re-
search into many different fields of ac-

| tivity: from fully automatic warehous-

irig systems to the development of spe-
eialist low-technology. pumping ‘sys-
téms for rural communities, and from

88

investigations into the use of robot
technology to the the study of materi-
als handling systems.

» It was established by Professor Roy
Marcus, dean of the Faculty of En-
gineering, together with Professor |
: dd, deputy dean; with the aim
ing 'a close partnership between
the university and industry.

UWiec offers academics and stu-
dents the opportunity to work together
with industrialists to solve problems,
thereby ‘making important*contribu-
tions to the development of the coun-
try.

‘The university is confident that the
-centre will help discourage the current
brain drain by offering graduates and
undergraduates tip-top research facili-
ties. ©
* UWtee also gives those involved in
industry the chance to broaden their
knowledge of technology. Correspon-
dence courses specifically tailored to
meet the requirments of a large cross-
| Section of South African industry are
‘offered under the auspices of the Wits
; Division of Continuing Engineering
;'Education. :

Last year more than 800 registered
for these courses and with the launch-
ing of UWtec, more people are expect-
ed to enrol.



WINDHOEK-LUDERITZ AIR LINK TO END

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 9 Mar 85 p 7

[Text]

cso:

3400/858

-end,

Scheduled air services
between Windhoek and
Litderitz will -be ter-
minated on March 20.
Confirming that the
four-flights-a-week ser-!
vice is to come to_ an
the managing.
director and general
anianager of Namib Air,
Mr Geor. von
‘Fuhrherr, said that the:
decision to terminate
the scheduled service
‘was simply on account
of a ‘lack of. support.
Known as the ‘diamond

schedule’, tremendous |.
Josses were incurred, 4

land passenger occupan-
‘cy was more than often }
in the lower:20 per cent,
Mr yon Fuhrherr said.
Mr ‘Fuhrherr said that“‘it’
was simply part of a pro-
ez: to rationalise for
few doula ‘a service be pro-
vided under those cir-
cumstances? He said that
there were even occasions
when the total cargo carried
amounted to 21 kilo; n

The result of su fe low
passenger occupancy figure,
land thewirtual non-existence
of freight, led to exorbitant
casts. Namib’ Air was making
use of a Cessna 414,
pressurised “high - altitude

mini-liner on the route.

Mr von Fuhrherr said that
to accuse Namib Air of hav-
ing discarded Lideritz would
bea violation of the true state
of affairs.

Proper care was taken to
look -after..the interests of
Lideritz’s air passengers
when on March 20 the
scheduled services . between
Loderitz and Eros Suburban
were to be ended. - Ar-
rangements had been made,
he said, with Air Cape,
operating a scheduled service
between Walvis Bay and D.F.
Malan to make a_twice-
weekly stopover at Litderitz.

Passengers destined for
Windhoek could then link up
with the ‘Windhoek-Walvis

Bay service of Namib Air, he
said. .

Consolidation of affairs
become a necessity in.
order to secure further expan-
sion. At ‘times, he added,

‘Namib Air even ‘included |
- Alexander Bay on the route |

between Eros.and Ltderitz
gunning at a great loss for
ere was no passenger and
neither cargo demand. Mr
von Fuhrherr cautioned that
to criticise the relinquishing
of the scheduled service
would be irresponsible.
Lideritz was to be blamed,
for they were provided with
an excellent air link, four’
times a week on a scheduled
basis, with a comfortable air-
craft, and they did not sup-
Port the service, he said.

56

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

NAMIBIA


CITY GUARDS AGAINST EROSION OF POWER BY NASBOURKOR

“Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 1 Mar 85 p 3

\.
[text]

THE NDHOEK ‘function by Nasboukor”, *

wall,” he added.

Cit Council - has Councillor Fanie Spies said Cost and price com-
warned that RXintends "¢, City, Council had parisons should be ‘made
“ . > uy, Marketed its own houses at between housing ad-
‘guarding jealou its a 2% fee, while the Cor- ministration by the
administrative (er poration did it at 6%. Municipality and
which it feels is being| | Collection of payments Nasboukor.

“They are equipped for

1 from the house-owners
eroded by the Central} building houses. But there

now took place through the

Government’s National | K’stutura Municipality and are functions _that
Building and Investment | no longer by the Windhoek municipalities can perform
Corporation Municipality itself. better. _

(Nasboukor) which was _ The Municipality, “These administrative
encroackiing ‘on however, had over the functions: must not be

ie wt years el an in-
traditional municipal do- He cians secibeally for :
main while forging its administ township
own new “empire”. Prliee should. be ne
ere no
| These danger signals of duplication, otherwise \.
the ever-likely confronte- we're building new empires \
Sen betieen the Windhos and this wil lead to more
. expensive ses, to cover
‘Nasboukor were flashed at: additional costs,” Mr Spies

taken away from us.” Mr
Spies said the proclama-
ing’ ' township tion establishing
_ Nasboukor was “very

wide”.
“They can do anything”
‘ and more such extended
\ First. Tier ~ ‘authority,

Wednesday " night's! bee es) was evidently “in the
monthly meeting of the, ‘Similar_developments in fe can speak for the
5 er cosnen South Africa had proved residents of an area, but
‘notion fom 1 approved & that “every function taken who they speak for?
5 over from a municipality ‘We must guard these func-

; on Comn mittee ia by a corporation had made tions jealously,” Mr Spies
‘future itself take transfer of" Myone Tint not i concluded. of the

Management
Mr Gunther Kaschik said
-Nasboukor’s expt

administrative _ authosity
was “to a certain extent

ing schemes and that the empire
Municipality would 20 organisations for perform-
Aonger grant transfer to’ ing such functions as rent
Nasboukor bond:holders. collection which a

Referring to the “virtual municipality can do just as
takeover of the housing well, The writing is on the

CSO: 3400/858

52

S}

‘treading on municipalities’ '

ttee,

empire building. But as.

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

NAMIBIA

: long as this is done in
| reasonable limits and some
! of the workload is taken off
;. our shoulders, it is is
} alright.”
| The Management Com-
| mittee had noted that until
the end of 1984
‘ Nasboukor bad __ never
* taken transfer of erven
* from the Municipality and
: then had ‘the properties
reconveyed to the in-
dividual owners.
Since the new arrange-
ment had come into effect,
| 427 erven in Katutura and
| 50 in Khomasdal were af-
fected.

There were no financial
implications for the City
t, Council. i
However, although. the |
\ Municipality had originally
approved ‘the contracts

\ between Nasboukor and

the property. owners, it
“would” “tio* longer’ ‘give
transfer to owners but to
the ..-Corporation who
i would, in turn, have the
; Properties conveyed to its
Clients.
i Chairman of the Coun-
cil, Mr Willem Odendaal,
said . the “Windhoek
Municipality would take

“

—



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1935

BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

REFINING CONTRACT--BCL a subsidiary of Botswana RST, has signed a longterm
refining and metals purchase contract with Falconbridge International. The
contract is subject to the satisfactory termination of BCL's existing matte
purchase agreement with Amax Nickel Inc and to agreement by the many lenders
to the BCL project. The contract provides for delivery to the Falconbridge
refinery at Kristiansand, Norway, of approximately 6 500 tons of matte in
1985, 21 000 tons in 1986 and.42 000 tons annually from 1987 until the end of
the contract in 1999. ‘The nickel and copper. contents. of the matte are approx=
imately 36 percent and 41 percent respectively. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85 p 17] .

CSO: 3400/862

14


REPORTAGE ON O'LINN'S ASSEMBLY SPEECH .

SWAPO Ceasefire Urged

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 6 Mar 85 p3

[Text ]

SWAPO SHOULD ANNOUNCE a six-month
trial ceasefire in the hope that South Africa will res-
pond by agreeing to implement United Nations-
Security: Council Resolution 435, former leader of
the Federal Party, Mr Bryan O’Linn said yester-

day.

Officially opening the
Owambo Legislative As-
sembly at Ongwediva, Mr
O’Linn said there were

several alternatives for the .

Namibian people.

“My plea to you is to
strive at all times for true
reconciliation and an
honourable peace” in
terms of Resolution 435,
which. is the-peace plan

recognised by the whole in- ‘

ternational community and
which ‘is nationally accep-
table.”
Alternatively, there
should ..be support for a
countrywide referendum
on whether Resolution 435
should be implemented im-
mediatély in- order to

remove any. doubt that it is

“nationally acceptable”. .
os third possibility. was
to support ..a: call for ‘a
further conference of all
‘Namibian parties including,
Swapo to meet at a neutral
venue to discuss the speedy
implementation of Resolu-
tion 435,
Mr O'Linn said no alter-
native to’ the’ Resolution

had yet.seen the light, “but
in: circles close to the
Government . and MPC,
some form of | interim

tis confidently

government
predicted for June/July this

yeeSuch an ___ interim
sovernment will in ‘all
probability not gain inter-

‘Tecognition, ‘and
will therefore not bring
peace, international invest-
ment and-expertise or solve

‘any. problem of - impor-

tance,

“The simple fact is that
if SA succeeds in setting up
some form of. transition
government or UDI, it will
have more scope to delay
or totally ‘avoid implemen~
tation of Resolution 435.”

Mr O'Linn said he did
not believe the country’s
salvation lay with the.

It. had failed: to say
whether or not it accepts
Resolution 435, whether it
wants implementation -or
not, and whether it is
proposing an alternative.

He said the National

Party representative in the
MPC, .Adv Eben van Zijk
had been quoted as saying:
“The. MPC has never
linked itself to Resolution
435; in. the Windhoek
Declaration it is very clear-
ly stated that it is the only
concrete plan at - present
accepted: SA,. the
Security Council and .the
Western . Contact. Group.
Nowhere ‘has it been said
that it is the only plan ac-
cepted. by the MPC.”

Mr O’Linn said the
MPC’s stated aim of
drafting “a permanent con-
stitution for’. SWA/-
Namibia” within the
framework of phase‘one of
the’ Western settlement
plan” would usurp the
function of the Constituent
Assembly to be elected in.
terms of Resolution 435..

It seemed as if SA,

backed by some internal.

parties, hoped to destroy
Swapo militarily by forcing
the. Angolan ‘Government
to close down Swapo bases
in Angola or by. assisting.
Unita to seize power or be
included in the Govern-
ment.

It was argued that once:
Swapo is defeated, it would
be.forced to negotiate with
the MPC and if Swapo still
refused it could be safely
ignored.

43

JPRS-SSA-85-033

19 April 1985

NAMIBIA

Mr O'Linn said if this
scenario became’a reality
Resolution 435 would truly
have been overtaken by
events and become redun-
dant.

He said this was a mis-
calculation because “even
a military defeat would not
defeat the aspirations of
the people...

“The . insistence -on
capitulation and uncon-
ditional surrender = by
Svar ‘would.not be a just

and ‘therefore no
Paste for true reconciliation
and peace.”

Mr -O’Linn said there
was a conspiracy of silence
concetning Resolution 435
in television and news
programmes, the informa-
tion services and the: press
owned or controlled’ by
some . internal -parties. or.
sympathetic to them. . ~
“On the other hand, the
MPC is blown up out of all
Proportion to its real-ac-
complishments.

“Swapo’s attitude. to
peace and free. and fair
elections as well-as'that of
the internal parties outside
the MPC, is mis-

from. day to

power through the barrel



FRUSTRATING
EXPERIENCE —

To show this, this colum-
nist has subjected himself to
incredible self-punishment, a
mental agony exceeding
penance by self-flaggellation:
, he has waded through Mr
Kosie Pretorius’ ‘column,
, Vraag.en Antwoord, in back
* issues of the, Marconi Street
; Voice in order to get the
views of NP/SWA on rele-
. vant topics directly from the
*. political horse’s mouth. It
was rather a frustrating ex-
perience, because like the
Oracle of Delphi: the Oracle
of Gobabis often speaks in

: riddles darkly.
. Furthermore, jit was @
rather uninformative ex-
perience, due primarily to
* Pretorius’ weird and wonder-
ful obsession with the Im-

morality Act which has -
already died a thousand ©

deaths in this country - both
before and after its official
appeal. .

Of the -last seven in-
stallments, six directly con-
* cern laments on the late Im-

morality Act. Mr Pretorius,
don’t you think that your and
t your party’s rather perverse

} preoccupation with the sexual
} habits and preferences of

others might somehow be

.: Self-revealing? But, not being
psychologically equipped, I
‘merely leave the question in
your midst... .: Pos
~ In any case, this columnist

finds it not merély petty, but

‘ter in poor public taste. But I
certainly will draw attention
‘to your bigoted zealotry
about these matters, as it
points to a specific archaic at-
titude, an unwillingness to
meet opponents halfway even
on matters of little

ificance.
But ‘what ‘concrete facts
were recovered from the col-
umn? .

@ Like SWANU, ‘the
© NP/SWA appears to take the
MPC as a strategy
‘ (26/10/84), although they do
5 80. rat reluctantly as’ if
failure is a forgone conclu-
sion: ‘those who do not-try,
omever fail’. Also,. the con:
* tinual insistence on ‘identity’

wenger pores ~~

will not:remark on your opi- ;
nions on these matters as he °

personally. considers the mat- '

47

(a code word I, admittedly,

: do not understand) carries lit-

tle evidence of a give-and-

+ take attitude imperative in

sensitive contexts like these.
WHITE INTEREST
@ ‘Concerning. the accusa-

‘, tion that the NP/SWA only

ee

involves itself with white in-
terest and racism, it must be
jointed out that the
IP/SWA does not, demand
anything more than’ the NP.

crams for itself in South’

‘* condition of the

Africa’.(19/10/84).,
Keeping the South African

‘new dispensation’ in mind,

this means ethnic rule. We
have experience of such a
rule, in fact, a rule infinitely
more lenient than the South
African variety now hailed as
a ‘breakthrough’ - and we
know that as a clever move to
maintain and ‘strengthen the
privileged position of the

economically dominant |

group: the whites. This can
be taken as # non-negotiable
/SWA
despite Pretorius’ pater-
‘nalistic casting of his party in

the role of protector by the -

assurance that ‘every black

‘and brown minority group |

are aware (meaning: can de-
pend on) of this position’ of
the NP/SWA.

@ Mr Pretorius’ statement
‘on the educational policy of
his apa, is particularly
revealing as illustrating the
non-negotiable condition of
ethnicity (2/11/84): ‘The,
NP/SWA. has ‘a mandate
from the voters to assure that
the opportunities exist, not
only for the pupil but for the

teacher responsible’ for the *

education of the pupil, to be

"taught and trained in institu-

tions the. character of which
does not conflict, with the
principles and national iden-
tity’ (to appreciate the at-
mosphere of chauvinistic sec-
tarianism, -the latter pait. of
the sentence must be retained
in the original. Afrikaans:
inrigtings waarvan die
ikters nie bots met die
beginsels én lewensbeskouing
van die volkseie nie’ !!). To
support ‘his contention,
Pretorius then quotes from
the. Declaration of Human
\: Rights - a leap which: will



MONETARY CUTBACKS PROVING SUCCESSFUL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 13

[Text]

,PARLIAMENT. —
‘Excess monetary de-
mand had now been
reduced significantly,
but its delayed infla-
tionary impact was un-
fortunately still being
felt, as shown by the
recent increases in the
prices of key goods,
the Minister of Fi-
nance, Mr Barend du
Plessis, said yesterday.
_ The combination of ex-
cessive domestic spending
and the depreciation of
the rand had naturally
exerted pressure on
prices, he said in his Bud-
get speech at a joint sit-
ting of all three houses.
After declining from a
peak of 16,5 percent in
May 1982 to 10 percent in
February 1984, the con-

CSO: 3400/857

sumer price index had ris-
en to 13,9 percent over
the 12-month period to
January this year.

On monetary develop-
ments, Mr Du Plessis said
the more restrictive policy
adopted last year had
since proved effective,
even though the favour-
able results were not im-
mediately apparent from
the money supply’ statis-
tics as such.

“But they are indeed
implicit in the marked de-
cline during the course of
1984 in the velocity of cir-
culation of money.”

The velocity of circula-
tion of M1, for example,
which had declined stead-
ily from a factor of nearly
10 in the first quarter of
1980 to 5,7 in the fourth
quarter of 1983, de-
creased further to 4,7 in

76

the corresponding quarter

* of 1984.

“The result is that the
actual spending of money
— that is the money sup-
ply multiplied by its ve-
locity irculation — has
not risen hearly as much
as the money supply it-
self.

“In the final analysis it
is, of course, the spending
of money rather that the
amount of money in the
economy, that counts,”
Mr Du Plessis said.

Bank credit to the pri-
vate sector had risen by
28 percent over the 12
months to December
1984. before showing an
actual decline for January
1985.

Consumer credit _ as
such, had, however, been
effectively curbed from
September last year on-

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

wards.

The willingness to ac-
cept more realistic mar-
ket-determined rates last
year had contributed
greatly to the Govern-
ment’s success in financ-
ing the larger than plan-
ned “deficit before bor-
rowing” for 1984-85 by
means of tender and tap
issues of Government
stock, rather than by re-
course-toReserve Bank
credit.

“This sound financing
Procedure, at a time when
the private sector’s de-
mand for credit was rising
and the net foreign re-
serves falling, naturally
placed the banks’ cash re-
serve under pressure and
increased their need for
Reserve Bank accommo-
dation via the discount
houses.”


cso:

3400/866

undertake the silvering of
glass and production of
various joinery items.

The creation of such
manufacturing activities
provides employment dnd the
opportunity for Batswhna to
learn new technologies, Mr
Nwako said. The firm, he
added now employs many
Batswana and produces
goods which are sold locally
and exported to other
countries.

IKEA commenced opera-
tions last year with the
establishment of a cane
furniture manufacturing in
Mogoditshane and the
opening of their first
showroom in in the Old
Industrial area,



cso:

creased taxation and sadly, increased corrup-
tion. .

Mr Lang said that the second tier ad-
ministrations were allocated massive
amounts of money on the basis of relative
population figures, with almost total
disregard of broader national priorities and
indeeed, even their competence to spend that
money in a reasonably cost-effective way.

What made it all much worse was the fact
that these authorities were in a position to
recklessly overspend their budgets without
any Central Government institution being in
a position to control them.

He cited the figures for 1982/83 as: having
budgeted R211-million during that financial
year, the second tier administrations overs-

pend in excess of R50-million. .

He said it might interest his listeners to
know that over the last three years, this
sytem of second tier administrations. had
swallowed up R800-million on allocated
figures, and it was not known what the
drainage on overspending was, and the man
who knew it would not have the guts to
reveal the figure. .

Mr Lang challenged Dr van Niekerk to tell
the country what the second tier administra-
tions alone had overspent in the current
financial year for he would like Dr van

3400/858

51

Niekerk to confirm or deny that millions of
Rand were being misappropriated at this very
moment.

He accused Dr van Niekerk of delaying by
more than 18 months the plugging of even
the most obvious loopholes in Proclamation
AG 8. These loopholes, he said, allowed the
ethnic authorities to run what amounted to a
“blank cheque system’.

These administrations had been. asked
nicely not to overspend, but if they did there.
was nothing anybody in the Central Govern-
ment's finance department could do about it,
excepting to pay the bills. Mr Lang said he
felt strongly that taxpayers in this country,
and for that matter in South Africa, had the
right to demand from Dr van Niekerk
reasons why he did not act at the earliest
possible opportunity to stop the misap-
propriation of millions of Rand.

Mr Lang made the observation that the
fanlvatent of half of ne Central Govern-
ment’s budget was being spent on the
52 000-strong bureaucracy of the various
branches of government and state-financed
institutions such as ENOK and Nasboukor.

He said this was obviously an intolerably
high figure for a. Third World country with
only 200 000 people out of the population
economically active. .



NIGERIA

Differences Said Crystallized Between Buhari, Babangida
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, No 6, 13 Mar 85) .sccccscevsseeseee

Kiri Dam Now Reported Operational
(A. B. Tapidi; NEW NIGERIAN, 1 Mar 85) ..ccecceceececeecs

Briefs
Drought Cooperation With Niger
Abuja Master Plan

SOUTH AFRICA

Status of Soweto Businesses Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 21 Mar 85) .scesevscccccccccccccccesceccece

Norwegian Parliament Backs Trade Restriction Measures
(Terje Svabo; AFTENPOSTEN, 28 Mar 85) ...scseecceeeceseecs

Total Revenue for Year Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85) cescsevcccevcccccccccccccecceces

Long-Term Financial Strategy Detailed
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85) cescececccscccccccceccceecccenes

Barend Details Strategy for Budget
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85) .eccecc cece cece cc eee cece ceceees

Finance Minister's Budget Praised
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85) c.cceccece cece eeeeeee

Severe Budget Hardship Forecast
(Daan deKock; THE CITIZEN, 20 Mar 85) ..cccccccccccccceee

New Plan To Cut Government Spending Announced
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85) °......

Monetary Cutbacks Proving Successful
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85) .esceececccccceee

Revenue Increase for 1985-86 Expected
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85) ceceeccsccccceeccccccccces

Balance of Payments Registered Deficit
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85) ....66

Deficit Represents 3.2 Percent of GDP
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85) .....

Nuclear Fusion May Provide Inexhaustible Power. Supply
(BEELD, 30 Jan 85) socce ccc c ese c secs ce csecccee

-d-

60

62

64

65

66

69

70

71

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80


unilateral Norwegian actions in principle, and the Liberal Party's Mons
Espelid requested a more binding plan for an economic boycott.

Pressure
The chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee, Jacob Aano (Christian People's
Party), said that the plan is important in the work to pressure South Africa

to change its racial policies. Aano believes that in the future Norway must
be willing to consider further measures,

9287
csO: 3498/6

68


EE EEE __

JERS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

ETHIOPIA

GILGEL GIBE POWER PROJECT AGREEMENT SIGNED

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 2 Mar 85 p 1

(Text ] :
A. xgpecial agreement was signed
yesterday between Revolutionary Eth-

jopia and the Democratic People’s Re-
public of Korea (DPRK) to step up

progressively the Gilgel Gibe ‘hydro-
electric power project from 150. to
800. megawatt.

A briefing was given to Comrade

Fikre-Selassio. Wogderess, member of |

‘the Politburo of the CC of WPE and
Depiity Chairman of the Council of
Ministers, on. the preliminary studies
carried out‘to implement the dye
electri. project, ey a

‘Fikre-Selansie by Comrade Yun 0,
‘Vice-Chairman of the State Commis-
‘sion for Construction’ of the DPRK,
and engineers of the project at a cere
emony held at the National Palace.
In a statement following the brief.
‘ing, Comrade FikreSelassie stressed
the importance of the Gilgel Gibe
hydro-electric’ project to meet the po
wer supyy needs of the country, '
Recalling that the development of
| the country was hampered because of
Jack of proper effort in ‘energy resour-
ces during the pre-revolution . period,
‘ Comrade Fikre-Selassie noted that the

CSO: 3400/859

23

Revolutionary Government shad given
“priority to this sector at present.

Comrade FikreSelassie further not-
ed that the Gilgel Gibe Hydro-Electric
Power Station, which will be establish-
ed with the cooperation of DPRK, is
projected to benefit the country in
providing adequate electric power sup-
plies to ite industrial end agricultural
plants and other areas of development
cand expedite the on-going economic
construction to’ transform the life of
the Ethiopian people.

‘
Speaking on the occasion, Comrade
Tekeze-Shoa Aytenfisu, member of the
CC of WPE and Minister of Mines and
‘Energy, dwelt'on the targets .of the
‘project and explained its financial as.
pects which includes an intrest-free
j }oan of 129 million: birr from DPRK,
ie long-term oan of 23 to 80 million
ibire from the Austrian government and

{a grant of ‘11 million birr from the
:Government of Finland.

| The Ethiopian government has allot-
jted to the project 85 million birr in
"foreign exchange and an additional
‘140 million birr for domestic expend-
iture equipment and personnel,



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NORWEGIAN PARLIAMENT BACKS TRADE RESTRICTION MEASURES
Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 28 Mar 85 p 5

[Article by Terje Svabo: "Government Imposing Limited Trade and Contact
Restrictions Against South Africa"]

[Text] The government's new measures against the apart-
heid regime in South Africa were largely met with satis-—
faction in the Storting.Minister of Trade Asbjorn
Haugstvedt yesterday presented a proposal which goes
farther than any previous Norwegian Government has

gone. The minister warned of both unilateral Norwe-
gian measures and an increased investment in a combined
Nordic action. Among other things there will be imposed
an automatic licensing of Norway's imports from South
Africa, and a legal prohibition against the sale of Nor-
wegian crude oil will be considered by the Ministry of
Justice. The black liberation movement will get in-
creased support.

The trade minister's statement was awaited with great interest, because a
number of times during recent years the Storting has discussed possible ac-
tions against the apartheid regime. Yesterday's proposal will now be dealt
with by the Storting Foreign Affairs Committee before it comes up for con-
sideration during the spring session. In the committee they will also take a
position on a bill from SV [Socialist~Left Party] and one from the Labor
Party concerning limited contact with South Africa.

An important element in Minister Haugstvedt's statement to the Storting
yesterday was that Norway should be sure that the Nordic countries go togeth-
er on most possible forms of reaction against South Africa. How great the
will is for this will be indicated on Friday when the five foreign ministers
meet in Helsinki.

Sanctions

According to the government's action plan, it wants the Nordic countries to
approve comprehensive and binding international economic sanctions against

66


|

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

the government service and from surpluses in the central revenue fund. Dr
Van Niekerk said savings measures in the current financial year had produced
R45 418 773, while there was a savings surplus of $11 998-million from the
previous financial year. Dr Van Niekerk said the South African Government had

‘made available an additional R54-million for defence costs previously defrayed

from the South African Defence Force budget. In a breakdown of the additional
appropriation it appeared that a major powtion of the additional expenditure
resulted from occupational differentiation in the government service. [Text]
(Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Mar 85 p 4]

LISTER DENIED PERMIT--Windhoek.--Police in South West Africa have turned down
an application by a Windhoek freelance journalist, Miss Gwen Lister, for a
permit to visit certain areas in the north of the territory, Miss Lister said
yesterday that no reasons had been given for the refusal. In terms of legis-
lation promulgated this week, non-residents need permits to enter Ovambo,
Kavango, Eastern Caprivi, Hereroland East and Kaokoland. Miss Lister, who.
is also part-time correspondent for the BBC, said she had applied for a 12-
month permit to all the areas concerned, because she might need to go there
at short notice. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Mar 85 p 9]

CSO; 3400/858

59 el



or‘not ‘theischente dévelops into a systematic food
corridor'to the north will depend on the Ethiopian
government’s reaction. ee

- ‘Meanwhile reports from the border town of Kur-
muk in’Sudan’s Blue Nile’ province’confirm that -a
number of Tigrayan refugees are’ fleeing: the Ethi-
opian government-organised: resettlement ‘camps
around the town-of Asosa in Wollega provitice (AC
Vol26 No 1). By: last month there were 1,000

Tigrayans ‘in “Blue Nile province, ‘and::10-15 are

crossing every day @

ETHIOPIA: THE ERITREANS’ NEW UMBRELLA. The merg-
ing of three Eritrean guerrilla factions into the Eritrean Unified
National Council (EUNC) at the end of January was not a-widely-
hailed event. Past mergers between the Eritreans have come to
nothing. And by far the biggest and militarily most powerful
group, the Eritrean Peoples* Liberation Front (EPLF), declined
to participate in-EUNC. The new- umbrella is thus composed-of
Osman Saleh Sabbe’s Eritrean Liberation Front-Popular Libera-
tion. Forces (ELF-PLF), Abdullah Idris’ ELF-Revolutionary
Council (ELF-RC) and! Abdulkadir Gailani’s ELF-Revolutionary
Committee. - 7

The EUNC has a: 15-member governing, council headed: by
Yohannes Zereh Mariam, the Christian vice-president of the ELF-
RC, and a five-man executive committee headed: by Osman Salehi
Sabbe. Apart from the three factions’ leaders; the Executive
Committee contains Saleh Ayeh (of the ELF-RC), in charge of
external relations, and Muhammad Said Nowoud, in charge of
information. «= - noe

The new. movement is the culmination of over two years. of
Arab (mainly Saudi) diplomacy. Saudi security official Abdullah
Bahabre has been present at all stages of the often tense negoti-
ations - the provisional Jeddah agreement between: the. three
factions in January. 1983, the failure of a rapprochement between
the ELF-PLF and the EPLF in Kuwait in December 1983, the
adoption of the Jeddah agreement by the ELF-PLF congtess in
the Barka region :in May 1984, a-further formal ratification of
the agreement between the three: factions in Khartoum in June
1984, and a visit by the leaders of the three factions to Abu
Dhabi in July and: of Sabbe and -Gailani to Baghdad at- the
beginning of August. . -

Present at the announcement of EUNC’s formation was the
Iraqi Ambassador to Sudan, as well as representatives of
Morocco, Syria, South Yemen, the’ PLO and a number of Ethi-
opian. guerrilla groups, including the Oromo Liberaton Front.
With such broad-based Arab backing, the EUNC, despite its
prominent Christian chairman, may yet become the significant
Muslin alternative to the Christian-dominated EPLF. Already

Saudi largesse has. meant that. the BLF-PLF enjoys: significant:
backing in the Eritrean refugee camps in Sudan. .

EUNC says it aims for the independence of Eritrea, However,
many elements in it; including the ELF-PLF, have’ in the past
indicated their willingness to discuss a federal solution for Eritrea.
Conditions are deteriorating. so fast in Sudan that. President
Nimeiri may welf seek to encourage such a solution. Not only
would it set the groundwork for the return of Eritrean refugees
to their homelands; it could also be matched by an agreement
between. Khartoum and Addis Ababa requiring the Ethiopians to.
stop ‘support: for the Sudanese Peoples Liberation Army (SPLA)
which is fighting a-civil war in southern Sudan. .

However, this solution which. is anyhow unlikely, leaves out
one essential part of the equation, the EPLF, which continues to
control about 70% of Eritrea and has the only military and
political force there-capable of withstanding the Ethiopian army: .
But although the EPLF also continues (in the paradoxical manner
of the Middle East) to draw support from ‘Arab capitals, it is
likely to find itself under increasing pressuré -* from: these same
capitals. and from Nimeiri, without whose leave. its-hands-are
tied - to link up with the EUNC.

So far the EPLF, operating from a position of tactical and
military advantage under Ramadaw Nurand Isayas Afeworki,
has refused to make such a move. If-further pressure is brought
to bear, two possible scenarios could follow - either a flare-up
in the Eritrean civil war between the EPLF and its rivals or a
separate peace between the EPLF and the Dergue in Addis Ababa.
The second scenario has so- far been rejected by the EPLF
for fear of compromising its revolution in’Eritrea, but, in the
circumstances of. a viable Muslim (a1 with Saudi backing,
almost necessarily reactionary) front, it is just possible.that such
a compromise could be agreed on. It is a course of action that
has’ often been: canvassed by some of Ethiopia’s allies, notably -
Cuba. The idea is backed by a number of African countries,
particularly those linked in the League of African Socialist Parties,
headed by former Senegal President Léopold Senghor, whose
efforts in June 1984 to-mediate in Eritrea came to naught @-

CSO: 3400/859

16



CSO:

3400/871

Valuation and Rating Act
of 1980, the Land Survey
Act 1980 and Town and
Country Planning 1980",
he explained,

Meanwhile Mr. Rifkind
said since Lesotho’s inde-
pendence United Kingdom
has been dedicated to con-
tribute towards Lesotho’s
development.

He said they -have been
able to involve themselves
in many development pro-
jects in Lesotho such as
construction of Roads and
many others, ~

He said United King.
dom stands realy to help
Lesotho over years to
come.

He said this building
will be a useful asset to
Lesotho. :

33



DETAILS ON- TEACHERS' COLLEGE GIVEN

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 2 Mar 85 p 23

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

NAMIBIA

{Article: "A Look at One of the Country's Dangerous Farces"]

[Text]

The infected body of
our society houses many

Bieane Pes RIRg Se
face seasonally, only to
disappear from the public
eye again. This disap-
pearance is misleading
-however - the disorder
ws in the social tissue,
its temporary eruption on-
ly a symptom of the in-
creasing disfunction of the
social organism.
Yes, it is Wokkejol-time
, when the students of
the Windhoek Onder-
wyskollege (they would surely
object to me calling it the
Windhoek Teachers’ Train-
ing College) leave their
haunted place of learning - so
it in its well-kept
deadly desertion of scenes
from the film On the Beach
after final nuclear oblitera-
tion - and take to the streets.

The rest of the year it is a case
of out of sight, out of mind,
the planners having the
foresight to tuck the College
far away beyond
-Pionierspark on the
Gamsberg Road. But it is
Wokkejol time, that time of
the year when these students
have to define for themselves
a reason for their.existence. It
is a time to turn our attention
to this ‘place of higher learn-
, ing’, how it symbolises. that
socially disintegrating illness

fr

which will eventually turn out
to be terminal to our country

> if a cure cannot be found

with desperate haste.

To have its diplomas
recognised, a teachers train-
ing college must be affiliated
to an university. The WOK is
affiliated to the Rand !
Afrikaans University. The ;
‘WOK’s Rector is a member
of the senate of that universi- ;
ty. Does Professor De Lange
know what kind of institution
had been taken under the
wing of his University? The
aims and regulations of
RAU’s far-flung foundling ,
seems to be so contrary to the ;
proclaimed programme of its
foster parent. According to
Professorde Lange, his |
University is against all ©
discriminating practices, and
will follow an open -door ©
policy with regard to student |
admissions. Let us keep in ‘
‘mind that the Group Areas
Act is in force in South
Africa, and this Act put cons-
tant obstacles in the way of

execution of such a deci-
sion. In South West Africa
we have long since put that |
Law beyond us. Professor de
Lange was the chairman of
the De Lange Commission, _
recommending a single ;
Education Department in
South Africa (rejected).

WHITES ONLY
It goes without saying that

53

the WOK jis a ‘whites only’
institution, ‘and rather
perversely proud of it. People
‘of colour’ are not allowed to
partake in the facilities of the
‘WOK unless they go through
the humiliating business of
first asking in advance and
then being. authorized or
refused. oo

The resignation - of | the
Suburbs Rugby Club: (a
predominantly ‘coloured’
club) from the Central Rugby
League: is a case in point.
Before a club is allowed to
enter the League it has to give
an undertaking that its s spor
ting facilities can be used by
all the clubs in the League.
The rugby club of the WOK
is a-member of ‘the League.
Were they asked whether
they were willing to share
their rugby fields with all co-
members of the League, or
were they exempted from this

.Tequirement? If they indeed
‘consented to allow all

members “ their fields, is
it _ purely incident that
Suburbs played on the fields
of all affiliated clubs, barring
that of the WOK? Hardly
likely. Suburbs‘ did have
reason to suspect that. they
were discriminated against.
In the controversy following
the resignation of Suburbs
from the League, Mr Gert
Muller, President of SWA
Rugby Union came to the
conclusion - surprise, surprise
- that the move by Suburbs
was ‘motivated ‘more by



JPRS-SSA-85~033
19 April 1985

ETHIOPIA

{Text]

cso:

‘The port town of Asseb, founded
in 1087 on the : Red Sea coast - of

north-east Ethiopia, lies 13 metres

_ above sea level.

Assab which was founded . on 12
sq. Kilometers now covers an area of
. 8,000 hectares.

‘The inhabitants of Asscb-are now
orgonized into 12 kebeles and two
Highers which are administered un-
der the Assab Town Council and are
‘at precent actively participating in
.urban development activities. :

‘The residents of Adsab ‘played’ a°
‘pivotal role in the wake of the revolu:

‘tion in. crushing secessionist gangs
and other ‘imperialist mercenaries

ASSAB TOWN COUNCIL ENHANCES DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 26 Feb 85 p 5°

. To alleviate shortigs of medicine
and to curb the rising prices in the
cost of drugs and to protect the con-
sumer public from the exploitation
hy profiteering merchants, the Town
‘Council has opened a modern clinic
with a capital of 69,897 birr.

: The council has also-built 26 mod-

ern ‘low ‘cost houses in order‘to over-

come housing problem in. cooperation
with the Assab Port Administration,
the Rental Housing ~ Administration
and other ‘institutions while the con-
struction of 24 other modern lowcost

‘houses is in full progress. ©

‘The council has in the meantime

plotting to derail the revolution at its bought two buses at a cost of 120,000
budding stage. birr: to facilitate. urban transport.
Basic commodities are heing pro- ‘The Town Council has opened wide
vided through a big cooperative shop” streets at a ost of 2,145,945 birr and
built at a cost, of 826,507 birr. - igs put into service public facilities

Higher One have opened their own
“cooperative shop ‘with a capitel of

such 6s bakeries, laundry, elaughter
‘Routo and butchery ‘at a total cost of
110,112 birr, i

160,000 birr while six other kebeles ~ Coinrade Addis Alem Asoc
organized under Higher’ Two have rman of the Assab T Conte end
acquired a similar facility with a ca om “—m

ae “Administrator of the town, said that

Pital of 98,519 birr.

3400/859

moro public facilities are envisaged
in accordance with the needs~ of the

‘yesidents including the opening of
a piped water system, | (ENA) °

19



CITY'S RATE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH EXAMINED

JPRS-SSA-85~033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 9 Mar 85 p 1

[Article by Louis Beckerling]

[Text]

OFFICIAL statistics just
released show the Govern-
ment is misled about the
rate of economic growth in
Port Elizabeth.
. Contrasting with claims
the Government of an
annual average growth rate
_ during the ’70s of 17%, infla-
ton-adjusted, real eco-
_ homic growth in the PE/
Ultenhage area during the
period 1975-78 was only 1%.

Ina public row this week
with Elizabeth PFP
-MPs Mr John Malcomess
and Mr Andrew Savage,
Cabinet Ministers Dr Dawie
: de Villers (Trade and Indus-

) and Mr Chris Heunis

(Constitutional Devel-

ment and Planning),
pres the economy of the
-area had grown on average
17%. ar over
yy iod 608-80 — and that
is was “higher than the
-national average”.

Publicly-available statis-
ties show, however, ean
,PE’s growth rate -
cantly lagged that of the
country during the period
1972-78.

- Figures published by
Central Statistical Services
in Pretoria (the former

Department of Statistics)
show that the gross domes-
tic product of the country —
which measures the total
value of the output of all
goods and services pro-
duced within the country’s
borders — grew at an aver-
age annual rate of 12,3% in
the period 1970-72; 20,2% in
the period 1970-75; and
12,7% in the period 1975-78.

These figures provide
current values of economic
output and are not adjusted

-for inflation.

By contrast at carat
values the gross geographic
luct of ‘the re Woah

ge region grew
in the 1970-72 lod (2%
below the national aver-

age) 17% in 1972-75 (3,3%

low the national aver-
ao and only 10,2% in 1975-
78 (2,5% below the national
average).

In the process PE/Uiten-
hage’s contribution to the
national economy shrank
steadily during the '70s,
from 4% in 1970 to 3,4% in
1978 — or an overall 15%
decline in a share of the

~ ational “cake”.

The official figures con-
tradict the Ministers’
claims. that PE’s growth
rate has outstripped t that of
the country.

86

Furthermore, claims of a
17% growth rate fail to take
into account the effect of
inflation, and after this is
done the measure of real
economic growth in the
area is considerably
reduced.

Applying a GDP deflator
of 7,9% for the period 1970-
72 reduces the average an-
nual growth rate for PE/
Uitenhage over this period
at current, or inflated
prices, to a real rate of
growth of only 4,4%.

A GDP deflator of 14,5%
for the 1972-75 period re-
duces inflated growth fig-

“ures to a real measure of

5,7%, while a GDP deflator
Of 911,7% for the 1975-78
period puts real economic
growth in the area over this
period at only 1%.
» Gross economic output in
” \PE/Uitenhage, in 1970 of
“R452,4 million amounted to
4% of the total GDP for the
country. of R11171,5 mil-
dion, and by 1978, the output
of the area, at R1 17,4 mil-
lion had-declined to 3,4% of
the total of R34 939 million.
A detailed examination
.of the sectoral contribution
to gross geographic product
is not possible in the case of


Mr Jardin was accused of atrocities during the Portuguese war with Frelimo by
Frelimo leaders, but this was also never proved. He left Mozambique suddenly
before the Machel regime took over. He is a short, stockily built man who
speaks poor English.

It was also alleged by Frelimo that through "corrupt practice", he managed to
leave Mozambique with a substantial amount of money.

As far as can be established Mr Jardin has strong connections with the Portu-
guese community in South America. There have been attempts by the Portuguese
Government to try and isolate him to stop him helping the resistance movement,
but so far these appear to have failed.

Mr Jardin is about 59 or 60 and was married at one time. His present status
is not known as he was estranged from his wife while he was living in
Mozambique.

CSO: 3400/862

40


it. Just as in the case of an electric bulb the plasma becomes hot when
the fast moving electrons of the electric current clash with each other
and with the ions.

Nuclear fusion will take place when the hydrogen ions become hot enough —
about 100 million degrees centigrade in the case of the hydrogen isotope.
Such temperatures require large machines as well as additional heating.

In 1975 a local engineer began designing our own tokamak for South Africa
and a handful of experts became involved in its production. The tokamak
was created with the help of materials from our own soil and was named
"tokkelossie" , It has been harnessed for plasma physics since 1979.

In the meantime we have not been without growing pains and the first
successes were attained during the past 18 months and these have been in
the range of fractions of a second.

The local tokamak is much smaller than those being used in the United States
and Europe.

7964
CsO: 3401/121

81



JPRS-SSA~85-033
19 Apri} 1985

not as stupid as to put it in writing, and could plead misrepresentation. Mr
Venter, you will have much to learn from your South African bosses! [Text]
[Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 2 Mar 85 p 23]

CONTROL FOR CAPRIVI--Mr G J F Gous, the Secretary of the Department of Govern-
mental Affairs, issued a news release concerning the promotion of efficient
administration in Caprivi. The statement said that measures to further pro-
mote efficient administration in Caprivi had reached a new stage with the
first session of the Interdepartmental Committee for Caprivi which was held

on February 20, 1985 in Katima Mulilo. In this release the chairman of the
committee, Dr J du Plessis, Secretary of the Administration for Caprivians
explained the aim of the committee to be as follows: "Subsequent to talks
between the Administrator-General, the Chief Executive Officer and the Com-
missioner for Caprivi during 1984, the Administrator-General decided to appoint
an Interdepartmental Committee for Caprivi in order to improve liaison and
continuity between Central Government and the Administration for Caprivians.

At the same time the committee will ensure that the functions for which Central
Government is responsible in haprivi will be carried out efficiently. The com-
mittee is to convene every second month in Katima Mulilo'. The release con-
cludes by saying that the first meeting of the committee was preceded by an
orientation tour for visiting officials from Windhoek. [Text] [Windhoek
WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 2 Mar 85 p 27]

SUBSIDIZED FARMING HIT-~Addressing the Namibia Education Forum on Wednesday
night, Mr Eric Lang said that for generations it was politically important

to keep the white farming community happy irrespective of the high price. He
said these practises were going to end and the sooner the commercial farmers
realised this, the better, for on the one hand they were no longer important
in the political sense, and on the other the country could no longer afford
that sort of waste, He said the practice of subsidising commercial farming
in South West Africa had the effect of allowing the industry to degenerate
into a net loss to the economy. This should end. It was easy to say sub-
sidise agriculture but every Rand in subsidies was being siphoned off the
more productive and better managed sectors of the economy. ‘The financial
collapse of Dairy Cooperative was perhaps the forerunner of what was yet to
come. Mr Lang expressed doubts about the end results of the amalgamation of
the meat processing plants and said the foundation stones were laid for the
largest bankruptcy this country could yet see. The precarious position of
SWAVLEIS today called for emergency action to safeguard the money of the tax-
payer already involved and any further requests for government aid should be
rejected for only then would there be real incentives for the blundering mono~
poly to get itself sorted out. Mr Lang said it was disgusting to note the
extent to which agricultural subsidies were now being hawked to buy party
political influence. As an urgent priority it was necessary to wean the pre-
dominantly white farming sector off the many ill-advised subsidies being handed
out by party politicians, for what was needed was a nation-wide programme of
agricultural reform in order to make the entire industry more market-orientated
and profitable. [Text] [Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 9 Mar 85 p 33]

EXTRA FUNDS--Windhoek.--The Administrator-General of South West Africa, Dr

Willie van Niekerk, yesterday announced an additional appropriation of R85 750-
million for the territory. The amount would be wholly financed from savings in

58



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CHURCH'S RACIAL REFORMS ATTRIBUTED TO PREPONDERANCE OF LEFTISTS ... .
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans. 30 Jan 85 p 1

[Text] Leftists in the Reformed Churches have won a considerable victory
during the Synod of Churches just concluded at Potchefstroom. In a number
of important resolutions the church has been thrust significantly to, the left
under the leadership of noted leftists such as Prof Jaap Helberg, Prof Bouke
Spoelstra and Rev J. M. Vorster. The ultra-leftist rector of Potchefstroom
University, Prof Tjaart van der Walt, also played an important role in creat-
ing a favorable climate at the beginning of the synod. oe .

The synod brought to light the sharpest division ever between right and left.
A considerable group of conservative clergymen were in constant opposition
against the leftist trend of the synod, but they were always in the minority.

Some of the resolutions taken by the synod were:
-- the exchange of sermons between white and non-white congregations ;

-- the granting of permission to non-white theological students to attend
the Theological School of Potchefstroom;

-- continued membership of the Reformed Ecumenical Synod (GES) and
-- the endorsement of the Declaration of Human Rights by GES.

Along with the resolution regarding the exchange of sermons, the synod also
declared that race, tribe or color may not be regarded as criteria for
membership in the church and that there shall be no discrimination against
anyone on that basis. Moreover, the synod has committed itself to the
elimination of all discrimination.

The thing that most of all gave rise to a great deal of commotion was the
synod's decision to continue its membership in the GES. This decision is
in sharp contrast with the recent resolution of the Dutch reformed church
to break its ties with the GES. ‘The Dutch Reformed Church has had enough
of the political utterances of GES about “apartheid” and of the double

membership of some of the churches of both GES and of the World Council of

82



they have and the efforts they have made. What happened before has been for-
gotten," said Robinson Gapari.

Investments
Naturally that is the line of the government and the big Zanu Party.

Robinson Gapari emphasized that in the 5 years of independence the government
has made big investments in the communal areas. Schools, roads plus the
whole pattern of efforts to increase the production of the small farmers.

But he was sharply critical of the government's inability to fulfill its
promise of land for 160,000 families who have none. This should have been
accomplished through purchases from white farmers.

This was largely the same picture of progress given by Agriculture Minister
Denis Norman--himself a big white farmer--in his interview. But it was also
confirmed by other experts who are not directly connected with the govern-
ment. There are also objective figures that speak clearly.

An important factor is the state credit organ, AFC, Agricultural Finance
Corporation. It existed even before independence but at that time only a
handful of black farmers received assistance~-everything was invested in the
white "commercial farmers."

Now AFC grants around 90,000 loans to small black farmers, a total of close
to 1 billion kronor a year. Farmers who seek aid are visited by an AFC ex-
pert who decides what kind of seed and what kind of artificial fertilizer is
needed. These products are delivered to the farmers and the costs are put
down as loans--which are repaid at the end of the harvest year when farmers
sell their surplus to the state purchasing organization.

Another statistic illustrates what happened. Five years ago small farmers
bought only 25,000 tons of fertilizer a year--the figure now is 115,000 tons.

The result has to be a sharp increase in production. Drought years confuse
the picture, of course--but it is obvious that the hard years would have been
even more catastrophic without the efforts that were made for the small
farmers.

Clear Picture

This is the first year, thanks to the rain, that we will get a picture of the
small farmers' new role, But it is hard to get clear figures, Robinson Gapari
stressed,

"First the farmer sets aside corn for his own family. Then he gives it away
or sells it to friends. He takes what is left over to the nearest state of-
fice and sells it. But the only figures we have are the state purchases. My
organization is now getting help from such organizations as Sweden's KF [Co-
operative Union] in an effort to obtain an estimate of the total harvest."

117



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

KOREAN ARMS AT HARARE CELEBRATION
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85 p 13

[Text] HARARE--New army hardware and new manufacturing equipment products
will be displayed as part of this year's independence anniversary celebrations
in Harare next month.

The chairman of the working party of the National Independence Celebrations
Committee, Mr Emmerson Manangagwa, said this week that next month's celebra-
tions will be bigger and will incorporate more events than any so far in the
country's five years of independence.

Companies would display the new equipment acquired and products introduced
since independence while the army would show its latest military equipment.

Mr Munangagwa, who is also the Minister of State (Security) said the committee
had asked for help from the Democratice People's Republic of Korea for the
army displays and some components were already coming in.

Mr Munangagwa said there would also be a march-past by five-year-old children

born on April 17, 18 and 19 in 1980 to mark the country's five years of
independence.

cso: 3400/862 END

120


JORS-S8A-85~-033
19 April 1985

ETHIOPIA

DETAILS ON MARINE ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT GIVEN

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 2 Mar 85 pp 1, 3

[Text]

SO;

The Marine Engineering Develop-
ment under.the Marine Transport
Authority, within the past. half year
(E.C.), has carried out repairs on
many ships with loading capacities of
1,400 tons. This was disclosed in an
exclusive - interview with Yezareitu
Ethiopia, the Amharic weekly, by
Comrade Iyob Bariagabir, site engineer
of the Marine Enginesritg Develop-
‘mont. Gorprede Tyob said~ that the
Marine Engineering Development has
rendered maintenance services on body,
painting, (from primary to finish-
ing) and engine overhaul to 11 ships
in the last six months and for 9 ships

during the previous year. He said the En-
gineering Deyelopment has stepped up
its maintenancs and repair activities.
The site Mgincer noted that the Marine
Engineering “ Development has trans.
formed itsslf from maintaining solely
small boats to a higher stage where it
can now successfully handle mainten-
ance and repair services to medium
ships. He observed that this achieve-
ment was made possible especially after

3400/859

27

nationalization and said that plans are

underway to expand the capacity of the

. dockyard and provide better services.

Noting the perspectives and gains
of development of the Marine Engine-
ering in Maseaws, Comrade Tyob said
in such a time when plans are being
implemented and the extension pro-
grammes are matsrializing the Marine
Engineering Development will not only
reach a better stage, where it can rend-
er full maintenance service to Ethio-
pian ships, that are being maintained
by foreign engineering enterprises, but
also will be in a position to entertain:
foreign ships, thereby | saving and earn-
ing foreign currency at the, same time.

Referring to working conditions and
activities, the engineer said that parti-
cularly after nationalization, the rights
of workers are being respected and
productivity in labour is on the rise.

ment is the sole organization in ‘such.
kind of activities and its. work include
welding, overhaul, leaning, electrical
works, shaft allignment, engine over.
haul and wood works, it was learned,



The rest of the morning will be devoted to tourism. This will enable the
young Soviets to discover a part of our country.

The Soviet young people's cruise will leave Cotonou for Freetown early this
evening.

12413
cso: 3419/295



politics; however, "diplomatic sources" in Lisbon are of the opinion that the
South African government is trying to make him the scapegoat for the failure
of the Nkomati Treaty.

The 82 year old Bulhosa had extensive financial interests in Mozambique
before the country was taken over by the communists in 1975, He is now
living in Brazil, but has a majority of shares in a publishing house in
Portugal and farming interests in both countries as well as contacts with
Middle East oil interests.

Two senior officials of RENAMO, Messrs Evo Fernandes and Jorge Correai, were
previously connected with Mr Bulhosa's publishing business.

Bulhosa is being regarded as a key figure in RENAMO's successful military

actions and reportedly his financing is enabling the rebel movement to
continue its activities.

7964
CSO: -3401/122

42



OPRS-SSA-85~033
19 April 1985

BENIN

KOMSOMOL DELEGATION VISIT REPORTED
Cotonou EHUZU in French 5 Feb 85 p 3
[Article by Dossavi-Messy ]

[Text] A delegation of the Leninist Communist Youth League (Komsomol) from
the USSR arrived in Cotonou yesterday for a 48-hour visit in the People's
Republic of Benin.

The delegation of workers, students, kolkhoz workers and leading activists
in the Soviet Union's economic institutions was met at the Port of Cotonou by
a delegation from the National Executive Office of the Organization of the
Revolutionary Youth of Benin (ORYB), led by Comrade Aguiar Kint Christophe,
executive secretary, responsible for ORYB's foreign relations.

More than 300 in number, the young Soviets, taking advantage of their
winter vacations, would like to strengthen their relationship of friendship
and solidarity with Beninese youth through exchanges of ideas and experiences.

They have already visited Angola, Nigeria. After their visit here, their
cruise will take them to Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau, before they return
to the Soviet Union.

Following the customary protocol--a word of welcome, introductions of the
two groups-~a short, informal working session brought the two groups together
to harmonize the program developed for the occasion of the arrival of the
cruise. According to the scheduled program, the Hall of Arts and Culture of
Cotonou served as the setting of a cultural and artistic event last evening,
organized by the ORBY, during which Beninese and Soviet young people, with

the spirit of solidarity, presented respectively highly varied and richly-
detailed scenes from the cultural heritage of their respective lands.

The cultural event was followed by a cocktail hosted by the ORYB in honor

of the Soviet Komsomol youth. The gesture was very much appreciated and

it attests to the Beninese youth's interest in their Soviet friends. This
morning, the two groups met for a working session. On this occasion, there
will be an exchange of ideas on the experiences acquired by both parties

and the young Soviets will give their hosts a presentation on the preparations
for the twelfth world festival of young people and students which will be held
in Moscow in the summer of 1985.


JPRS~SSA-85~-033
19 April 1985

LESOTHO

BRIEFS

MORIJA WATER SOURCE--THE Morija Water supply system which was inaugurated by
the Prime Minister Dr Leabua Jonathan last Saturday, is part of a six-town
development project financed by the government of the Federal Republic of
Germany, at the total cost of M12 million. The other five towns are Peka,
Maputsoe, Qacha's Nek, Butha-Buthe and Mapoteng. According to the water
engineer provided to Lesotho under German Technical Assistance, the Morija
project cost M600,000 and water is pumped from seven boreholes to a reservoir.
The water is then distributed by gravity to 47 public stand pipes and 32
private connections. The water source is thought to be almost inexhaustible
because it is drawn from the table underground. [Text] [Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY
in English 8 Mar 85 p 1]

SOCKS FACTORY--AGREEMENT on the manufacture of socks for men in Maseru has
been reached between the Lesotho National Development Corporation (LNDC) and a
South African industrialist with many years' experience in the knitwear indus—
try. A Lesotho-registered company, L.K.M. (Proprietary) Limited will manufac-
ture a wide range of socks for men at the Maseru Industrial Estate, for both
the local market and for export. The Managing Director of the LNDC, Mr. L. B.
Monyake and the Managing Director of L.K.M. (Pty) Ltd., Mr. William Driver
signed the loan and lease agreements in Maseru last week, to prepare for the
start of the project. Mr. Monyake said the investment in the project is
M360,000. The LNDC has provided a loan of M220,000 to the promoter of the
project who will provide the balance of M140,000. The investor will more into
a factory building which is ready for occupation in Maseru's Industrial
Estate, towards the end of February, when machinery will be installed. Pro-
duction is expected to start at the beginning of March, and it is planned to
create new jobs for 70 Basotho workers when the project is in full production
by the first quarter of 1986. It has been estimated that the socks factory
will produce about one million pair of men's socks per annum. [Text] [Maseru
LESOTHO WEEKLY in English 15 Feb 85 p 1]

ROAD IMPROVEMENTS--AN amount totalling more than M15 Million will be used for
rehabilitation of a 107 kilometre road between Leribe and Masianokeng, ac-
cording to a press release from the Ministry of Works. The road going to
Leribe will be widened to four-lanes for about 1.7 kilometres from the traffic
circle in Maseru while the Maseru/Mafeteng road will also be widened to four-
lanes for about 4 kilometres from the traffic circle in Maseru. Included in
the construction are a new two-lane extension of Tsoaing Bridge, Phuthiatsana

36


Exodus

And there was a big exodus from Zimbabwe. The minority has been cut in half;
there are now roughly 100,000 Europeans left in the country which has a total
of 8 million inhabitants. But it was not the big farmers who left-~there are
still 4400 of them left.

"Thus only around 800 of them have gone. But this was not primarily for
political reasons. Some were broken by drought but most of them were simply
too old and sold their land to the state. The average age of white farmers
is now 42; in 1980 it was 54. This is a new generation of white farmers who
believe in their future here in Zimbabwe."

This picture was given by John Laurie, chairman of the white farmers associa~
tion. Or the Commercial Farmers Union, as it is officially known. ‘He has a
magnificent office in Agriculture House in Harare, the capital.

The white farmers, or “commercial farmers," now own 41 percent of the land in
this country. Some 27 percent of the population lives there, in other words
the black employees and their families. These white farmers are responsible
for two-thirds of Zimbabwe's agricultural production, 80 percent of its agri-
cultural exports and almost half of Zimbabwe's total exports. Tobacco, cot=
ton, sugar, corn and meat are exported.

Small Farmers

All that comes from less than 1 percent of Zimbabwe's farmers. With the help
of several hundred thousand black workers--a labor force that often disappears
in the statistics.

The rest, more than 99 percent, are the small black farmers. They live on the
other side of the fence in what used to be called "tribal lands" and are now
called "communal areas." They do not formally own their land, but in prac-
tice the plots of land go down from father to son. Often they are much too
small and too impoverished to feed the family.

Just as the white farmers have their organization under the leadership of John
Laurie, 210,000 small black farmers belong to the National Farmers Associa-
tion, with Robinson Gapari as chairman. His headquarters are some sparsely-
furnished office rooms in the center of Harare.

John Laurie has a big farm, 1500 hectares, north of the capital. Tobacco,
corn, a herd of cattle. Around 90 black workers. .

Robinson Gapari's farm lies in a communal area several miles east of Harare.
He has a corn field of 1 hectare. Three cows, 15 chickens, land for vege-
tables. His wife takes care of the farm and has a small shop for additional
income.

"No, we do not want to have the whites thrown out. We do not want laws that
would deprive the whites of their land. One must appreciate the expertise

116


JPRS-SSA-85~-033
19 April 1985

ETHIOPIA

GOVERNMENT INTENSIFIES OFFENSIVE AGAINST PLF

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 13 Mar 85 pp be se]

{Text]

The Ethiopian government has increased its military
offensive. against the Tigray: Peoples’ Liberation
Front (TPLF) guerrilla movement. The. exercise
started on 17 February, on the eve of the TPLF’s
10th anniversary,. when 10,000. celebrating Tigrayans
were bombed by two. Mig-23s at Abi. Adi, a town
that has been under TPLF control for six years.
About..15 were. killed.and over 100 injured. The next
day, Mig-23s again: attacked Abi Adi,: and air strikes
were made in western.Tigray on the towns of Shiraro
and Endabaguna. oe

Late in February a large number of. troops (prob-
ably consisting of five brigades and at least-.one
tank battalion) moved to the-east of the Asmara-
Addis Ababa. highway.. Government. garrisons: at
Alamata, Balla and Chercher were reinforced with
troops from the. Danakil campaign in Eritrea, and
by. units from the Ist division..(central command)
and north-western command. The central command
HQ was. advanced northwards. from.Addis Ababa
to Balla, which was promptly visited by several
Soviet. military advisers and the Ethiopian minister
of defence Tadesse Gebre Kidan.
- On: Ist March the 6th.mechanised brigade. moved
out from Chercher into nearby villages.-The TPLF
claims: to have counter-attacked: and to have taken:a
few prisoners, three tanks,.a truck and ammunition:
Shortly-after:a French relief airéraft. landed at Lali-
bela: in: Wollo province to find the airstrip’ there
under TPLF control. At about the same time the
TPLF ‘overran. the government gairison: at Allale
Selula, 5Q. kilometres from Woldia, also in Wollo
province. mime

The, TPLF’s strategy is probably: to gain control
of a section of the north-south: highway, thus cutting
the supply-Hin -lines: to: the government troops: further
no! wor on

15

With the, upsurge in fighting. and:the worsening
effect of, the drought, the Relief Society of Tigray
(REST): is almost: overwhelmed by the flood: of
destitute. families travelling westwards from the
drought-stricken western highlands: to Sudan. There
are 40 REST. transit camps along the way and
three huge holding camps:whiere the road enters the
western dowlands. From there 1,000 people a. day
are crossing into Sudan. According to REST,,65,000
people are on the. road.now; a-million shave stayed
behind, too weak to move. :...

.Five.consortia of. voluntary agencies. are working
with REST in Tigray:..Mercy,.Corps: International
and Lutheran World Relief, both US-based; ‘the
Tigray .Transport..Programme. (TTP), made up
mainly of British, Benelux and, Scandinavian non-
government organisations (NGOs); the Emergency
Relief Desk, funded by European church agencies;
and a group of about.a dozen Canadian NGOs.

The first three consortia have contributed $7.25m
for buying food from the western: lowlands where.
there is still.a food surplus. REST’s fleet of 60 trucks
(soon to be increased by 70), provided by TPP, take
in, about 1;500 tons of grain a month. The NGOs
are.also helping with soil conservation schemes, tools
and seeds. But the.total of the above assistance is
only meeting 5% of Tigray’s.current: food. require:
ments.

: Early. ‘this: month, shortly before the atrival in
Sudan:of US ‘vice-president George Bush, American
‘officials in Khartouin were talking seriously 6f ‘pro-
viding food that could ‘be leaked from Sudan into
Tigray and Eritrea.) Part of ‘the 45,000 tons ‘of
American wheat and sorghum due to be delivered
to eastern Sudan. by’ the ‘end ‘of April will almost
certainly be taken across the botder by Mercy Corps
International and Lutheran World ‘Relief. ‘Whether



RESPONSE GOOD FOR FARMING AID SCHEMES

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 26 Feb 85 p 1

[Article by Kegaisamang Tau]

[Text]

RAMOTSWA: Farming aid
schemes through which the
Government’ encourages
farmers to produce more food
by granting: them funds or
giving soft loans are more
appreciable during drought
periods.

This comment was made

by the Agricultural Officer,
Mr David Dialwa, in .an
inteview with BOPA last week.

Mr. Dialwa. warned that
government assistance
should not be used for
unproductive purposes and
self gain. He added that there
had been several cases of

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

BOTSWANA

cheating made by some’ farmers during the implementation of the three national
farming policies. .

He however said he had been impressed by the implementation of the three
drought schemes, déestumping, seed distribution and draught power schemes
which he described as having been a success.

In the South East District 292 farmers were able to destump 605 hectares of
ploughing land with Government paying P30 to P50 per hectare for each one of
them.

In the seed distribution scheme, he said, 3 500 farmers were given 65 960
kilograms of sorghum and maize seed in equal proportions,

Another total of 1 148 farmers were assisted to plough and plant 283 hectares
of land each one of them paying only 15 percent of the expenses. Such farmers
used this aid scheme to plough between one and three hectares of land, he
further said.

cso:

According to Mr
Dialwa, farmers
continued to flock

his office making enqueries
about acquiring more aid.

Asked about problems he
encountered during the
implemetation ‘of the
agricultural aid schemes, Mr
Dialwa said he believed they

3400/866

had done their best to satisfy
farmers despite the pressure
of work his insufficiently
staffed district office faced.

He expressed optimism
about the condition of crops
in the Balete area, but
expressed concern that
Tlokweng had unfortunately
received less rainfall this
year,


Church's Racial Reforms Attributed to Preponderance of Leftists
(DIE AFRIKANER, 30 Jan 85) cecsscecsccscscecscccseececes 82

MWU Chairman Calls for More AV Members, Defends Job Reservation
(DIE AFRIKANER, 6 Feb 85) .cessccecccccecccsesccecsececs 84

City's Rate of Economic Growth Examined
(Louis Beckerling; WEEKEND POST, 9 Mar 85) wecceceseseee 86

Wits Offers Sophisticated Research Service to Industry
(Stan Kennedy; THE STAR, 25 Mar 85) ..ccceececececesceee 88

Container Service Seeks Help
(Tony Koenderman; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 24 Mar 85) ...seeeeeee 89

Threat of Computer Fraud Noted
(David Cumming; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Mar 85) .esseseeeees 90

Impact of Recession on Hillbrow Shops Reported
(Ciaran Ryan; SUNDAY TIMES, 24 Mar 85) csccessceeeroveee 91

FAK Rejection of National Guard Analyzed
(DIE BURGER, 25 Feb 85) cccsscsscccvccccccccvcccveccecee 92

Details on Diamond Stockpile Given
(Daan deKock; THE CITIZEN, 13 Mar 85) sscececcceceeeeees 93

More Textile Industry Retrenchment Expected
(Tim Clarke; THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85) sccecceescceseseeee 94

Increase in Trade With Britain Predicted
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 16 Mar 85) wescseesessseceee 95

Teneco To Inject R-24M Into South African Economy
(Tony Stirling; THE CITIZEN, 20 Mar 85) ..ccesseseeceeee 96

German Exports to South Africa Increase
(THE CITIZEN, 23 Mar 85) scccssccccccsccccccccccseseeses 97

Trade Unions Declare Dispute With Chamber. of Mines
(THE CITIZEN, 23 Mar 85) .iccecccccecesesccccccvccsseses 98

Plan To Market Surplus Eggs Aired
(THE CITIZEN, 23 Mar 85) seeeseccacccccscccncccsscoesees 99

Decline in Living Standards Explained
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Mar 85) sescscccceccocccacecseccsscsene 100

Residency Permits of Blacks Reconsidered
(DIE BURGER, 25 Feb 85) icscscccccccccesccccccececcences 101



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

NATIONWIDE ATM--Cape Town.--Multinet, the first shared automatic teller
machine (ATM) network in South Africa, will be operational throughout the
country from tomorrow it was announced yesterday. The system, developed by
the Post Office, Standard Bank, United Building Society and Volkskas, first
went live in the Pretoria area in January. About 900 ATM's countrywide will
be available to clients of the four institutions. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85 p 10]

EMPANGENI BUS BOYCOTT ENDS-~Deyban.--The two month old bus boycott in the
Empangeni area, Zululand, has been resolved and yesterday the Black commut-
ers were again using the bus service operated by Empangeni Transport (Pty)
Ltd. After a meeting between officials of the Chamber of Commerce, the
Chamber of Industries and the Commuters Committee and members of the bus
companies, the comuters agreed to start using the buses again. The Com-
muters Committee put a series of proposals to the Commuters which they re-
juctantly accepted. Part of the agreement is that Empangeni Transport and
three other bus companies, still to be set up by local Black businessmen,
share all routes to the town. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
19 Mar 85 p 22]

HOUSE ARREST LIFTED-~Windhoek.--The Minister of Law and Order, Mr Louis de
Grange, has lifted the house arrest of a top-ranking Swapo office bearer,
Mr Nathaniel Maxulili, sources in Windhoek said yesterday. Mr Maxulili, who
holds the title of Swapo acting president, had been restricted to his house
and place of work at Valvis Bay since 1968 in terms of the Internal Security
Act. Legal sources said the order lifting the ban on Mr Maxulili had been
served last week. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85

p 22]

OIL PURCHASES--House of Assembly.--It was time to question whether it was
necessary for the State to continue to procure South Africa's oil require-
ments, Mr Brian Goodall (PFP, Edenvale) said during the Second Reading debate
on the State Oil Fund Amendment Bill. The PFP supported the Bill, which put
the Auditor General, the watchdog of Parliament, in ultimate control over
what secret funds should be released for the purchasing of oil. This support
should however not be construed as support for the present structure of oil
purchasing in South Africa. "One can understand that in the crisis years of
the mid- and late 1970's there was a need for emergency measures. "But today
the world situation has changed dramatically." [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 20 Mar 85 p 4]

NATAL COAL. DEALERS FEAR 'MONOPOLY'--Cape Town~-Fears that further Government
control of the coal industry would seriously affect the livelihood of many
small Indian coal dealers in Natal have been expressed in a memorandum cir—
culated to House of Delegate MPs by dealers. A deputation of coal dealers
from Durban, accompanied by their lawyer Mr Kissoon Singh, discussed the
fears at an all-party meeting in Cape Town this week which was also attended
by Mr Amichand Rajbansi, Chief Minister of the House of Delegates and Mr
Danie Steyn, Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs. Mr Rajbansi said yes-
terday that in consultation with the Minister, the Second Reading of the Coal
Resources Bill which was scheduled for debate in the House of Delegates
yesterday had been held over to allow further discussions to take place

106


STATUS OF SOWETO BUSINESSES REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Mar 85 p 9

{Text ]

MOST _ businesses _ in
greater Soweto are small -
and struggling.
This has emerged from
a research project under-
taken by Professor Chris
i De Coning of the Rand
; Afrikaans University’s
Research Unit for Devel- _
opment Studies. i
The research, commi
sioned by the ‘Human Sci
ences Research Council,
was based on the formal
business sector in greater
Soweto. :
Details of Prof De Con-
ing’s project were re-
leased at RAU yesterday
when a copy of his report
was given to Dr E P
Whittle of the HSRC.
Interesting facts to
emerge from Prof De
‘Coning’s research are that
traders represent about
84 percent of all formal
businesses in greater So-
weto while service indus-
tries make up only about
10 percent. About 77 per-
cent of all those question-
ed’ were one-man busi-

CSO: 3400/857

nesses and only 28 per-
cent had matric or higher
qualifications.

He found various exter-
nal and internal factors
influenced Soweto’s for-
mal business _ sector.
These include:

@ A lack of capital —this
results in a lack of assets
to ‘serve as security for

loans and bank over- .;

drafts.

@ A lack of business ex-
perience and _ practical
training among Black en-
trepreneurs. Most are
relatively new in the busi-
ness world and have little
experience in business
practice.

@ Insufficient school

- training.

Sane positioning of

re Lack of awareness of
organisations set up to

' help them — including

Small Business Develop-
ment Corporation.

Opposition
The study found that

65

business undertakings in

. Soweto are subject to two
» forms of competition —

internal competition from
other Black businesses

‘and external competition

from - White and Indian’
businesses in the rest of
the Johannesburg metro-
politan area.

Shopping hours in So-
weto make it difficult for
residents working outside
Soweto to do their shop-
ping in the township.

Prof De Coning found
that most Black entrepre-
neurs lack basic manage-
ment skills. In shops little
financial planning, stock
control or _pricefixing
method is evident.

Owners lack bookkeep-
ing skills.
Black © entrepreneurs

are generally ignorant of
the relevant laws, tegu-
lations and procedures
necessary to run a busi-
ness, They. also know
little about market poten-
tial ‘and sales promotions.

JPRS~SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Campaign

Prof De Coning said it
was clear from his re-

' search there existed a

need for an intensive in-
formation campaign to
make businessmen aware
of what training and con-:
sultation facilities were
available for small busi-
nesses. There was also a
need for training Black
business consultants to
help and advise their own
people.

‘Courses and semi ars |
are necessary to provide |
entrepreneurs with practi- ©
cal training in various
business practises.

Experts should visit

* Black businesses to advise
owners on such things as
shop layout-, window dis-
plays, relations with cus-
tomers and how to deal

with Government regu-
ations.

Prof De Coning said
‘business licensing _pro-
cedures should also be
simplified.



MENGISTU VISITS ADDIS WATER SUPPLY SITE

SPRS-SE2-85~033

19 April 1985

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 26 Feb 85 pp 1, 3

{Text]

Adequate supply of water will be
‘available for the development of
vegetables hen the new water stp-
‘ply project for Addis Absbe | is com-
pleted in the next Ethiopian. year.

“Phe statement was “made ‘during a
briefing given to Comrade Mengistu
Haile-Mariam, General Secretary of
' the CC of WPE, Chairman of the

PMAC and Commander-in-Chief of
the Revolutionary Armed Forces,
when he visited Sunday the site of

adam for new water supply pro-
ject 12 ‘Kilometres from Gefe on
the western outskirts of the
"Briefings on the new water supply
project simed at providing ‘ample
‘supply of water to the city’s 's residents
vand ‘for watering “homestead vogetable
gerdens ‘were given to the Revolution-
ary Leader by Comrade: Lemma Gu-
tema, member of the CG-of WPE and
First Secretary of the “Addis ‘Ababa
‘WPE Committee, and Comrade Ayele
Habte-Michael, General“Manager of
the Addis Ababa Water Supply and
Sewerage Authority. .

_ Accordingly, .wide ranging studies
have been condticted to facilitate water
supply. services, lay proper pipelines
and establish water filteration centres

20

through improved technical knowhow
fo muke the Legedadi Water Project

aid and loan secured in line with the
directives given by the Revolutionary
Leader to strengthen the water supply
system of the city.

Tt-is envisaged in the new project
that: adequate supply of water can
be obtained from the Legedadi and
Geferss water dams for a certain
period of time,

ETHIOPIA

Aully operational with the financial _

‘The General Secretary of the CC_

of WPE was ; apprised during the

briefings that adequate water resour-.
ee can be tapped from underground '

water available in the city while ex-

isting water wells and springs were |

cleaned and new ones prepared to

overcome temporary shortage of
water.

‘At present there are four springs

and three wells which are connected
with the water supply system
serving the residents of the city.

. Concerning river harnessing, study
is underway at present to conduct
irrigational development eetivities by
damming the Akaki River. Other than
the Akaki River which is suitable for
harnessing, the Kotebe River and the
rivers called Luke are reported to bo
‘mitable for irrigation use. Study is



BUDGET REFLECTS GOOD ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 26 Feb 85 p 2

[Article by Jowitt Mbongwe]

[Text]

GABORONE: An Economist
with the University of
Botswana, Dr Webster
Masenya has said the budget
which was presented to
Parliament last week by the
Vice President and Minister
of Finance and Development
Planning, Mr Peter Mmusi
reflected a good economic
performance.

Dr Masenya pointed out
that this-was largely due to
the favourable exchange rates
created by the strength of
the dollar and the weakness
of the South African rand.

He noted that, unlike in
situations where politicians
credit themselves by claiming
that their policies were
responsible«for the good
economic performance, it was
stated clearly in this year’s
budget that the credit goes
to the favourable exchange
rates.

Dr Masenyasaid the budget
had nothing radically
different from other budgets.

He predicted that by the

end of the first quarter of this

JPRS~SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

year, inflation will become a
reality, with a double digits
figure.

On the six percent salary
increase for civil servants, Dr
Masenya said the
Government had no choice
but to do it.

He explained, had the
Government increased
salaries by a higher
percentage, inflation would
have been borne due to the
fact that the private sector
would have to pay more in
wages and charge more for
their products.

The surplus in the balance
of payments can also be
inflationary, because any
accummulation of foreign
reserves means a rapid
accummulation of money
supply.

Mr Rat Peba Sethantsho
former commissioner of taxes
and nowa politician expected
aradical change in the budget
proposals because it is the
first after Government was

given a new mandate
to rule.

BOTSWANA

He labelled the budget as a "capitalist budget" which seeks to impress the
rich rather than the people of this country, most of whom live in rural areas.

Most of the things in the budget, Mr Sethantsho said, are more capital-inten-
sive than labour-intensive.


JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

ETHIOPIA

PARAMOUNT ROLE OF PEASANTS IN CLASS STRUGGLE STRESSED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 5 Mar 85 pp 1, 4

[Text]

The'Ethiopian peasantry has whole-

heartedly welcomed the national call
made by our revolutionary leader in
connection with tackling the drought

" sequences’ of the unprecedented ‘dre
wight, me

‘The AEPA: Chairman tatsd
“Ethiopian peasants, who have been
organized from the local to the

situation in the country and is play-
ing-its proper role in n meeting the.
challenge 1
This was declared Saturday by
Comrade Abdella Sonessa,: member of
the CC of WPE and Chairman of ‘the
‘ All Ethiopian Peasants’ “Association,” “Aj
‘(AEPA), at a press confefence ‘given’.
in connection with the terith anniver- °
-sary of the nationalization of rural
land. a c
The proclamation’ providing tor ‘the’ :
return oft:the (land to the tiller and
issued on March 4, 1975 demolished ~
the feudal mode of production, Com» :*
‘rade Abdella, anid adding that the an-
niversary observance is an opportune
moment at which the peasant masses
will rededicate themselves ‘to the task .
of playing their role in the implemen-
tation’ of the programme devised by ~
‘the Party'and the Revolutionary Go-.
vernment to offset the disastrous con-

- nal level, played paramount

cbecrve that AEPA memes aro en

25



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MORE TEXTILE INDUSTRY RETRENCHMENT EXPECTED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Mar 85 p 23
[Article by Tim Clarke]

{Text ]

DURBAN. Mr

Richard, Savage, presi-"

dent of the . Natal
Clothing Manufactur-
ers’ Association, pre-
dicted yesterday that
unless conditions ini-
proved vastly a further
2.000 workers in the in-
dustry in the province
would be retrenched
towards the middle of
the year.

CSO; 3400/857

Mr Savage painted a
sombre picture of the in-
dustry and said there ‘did
not seem to be much hope
at this stage that condit-
ions would improve.

He said that 2 000 Natal
clothing industry workers
had already been paid off
this year. Individual firms
were doing their best to

cope with the situation.
They were trying to find
other markets and some
of them had gone on short
time rather than taking
the drastic step of re-
trenching workers.
However, .a leading
clothing manufacturer in
Durban, Mr Denis Solo-
mon, painted a happier

94

picture of the situation
and predicted: that firms
would have to .double
their output in the next 15
years to. meet the de-
mands,

-He said that some com-
panies had dramatically
increased their exports,
particularly to the United
States, in the last few
months.

He was, optimistic that

‘ there would be an upturn

in the industry towards

:, the end of the year.


the 1978 figures, since only
total outputs for the various
regions is provided.

However the figures for
the period 1972 to 1975 show

“that the growth rate of PE’s
industrial sector lagged
considerably behind that of
the country —- and a little
under half of the total value
of the local economy is de-
rived from its manufactur-
ing sector.

In 1972, at a value of R158
million, the output of PE’s

* manufacturing sector was
6,6% below the R169,2 mil-
lion recorded in 1970 (by
contrast the country’s man-
ufacturing output rose
14,2% at current values
over this period.

By 1975 PE’s manufac-
turing sector had grown at
an annual average rate of
21% to R257,8 million,
whereas the annual average
growth rate for the country
as a whole over this perjod
was 28,2%.

* Commenting on these fig-
ures yesterday, Mr Andrew
Savage said the comparison
of PE’s real growth rate
compared with that of the
remainder of the country
should be of ¢oncern to
“everbody. in Port Eliza-

-“And of even greater con-
cern is the doubt that such
.. figures were ever provided
dor the Ministers who made
far-reaching decisions af-
fecting Port Elizabeth’s
future.

“In the light of figures the
Minister uses, we wonder
whether in fact that was the
only figure given to him at a

; time when he was deciding
what assistance Port Eliza-
ibeth should get in terms of
ithe Government's de-
centralisation scheme?”

(Report by L Beckerling, 19
Bakers Street, Port Bliza-

CsO: 3400/932

87



"One would have thought that with what we learnt from the drought, Government
would address itself to projects like irrigated farming which are labour-
intensive," argued Mr Sethantsho.

He added that the budget gives an impression that commercial banks are assist-
ing the economy, when in actual fact they are assisting the rich whilst the
poor continue to suffer.

Mr. Sethantsho criticised the activities of commercial banks as devoid of
social and economic justice.

cso: 3400/866



DETAILS ON DIAMOND STOCKPILE GIVEN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Mar 85 p 23

[Article by.Daan deKock]

[Text ]

DIAMOND -’ stocks
held by the CSO, De
_ Beers. --Consolidated
Mines’ selling arm, in-
creased by no less than
R1,6-billion to a mass-
ive R3,9-billion at the
end of December 1984.
De Beers says the bulk
of this increase (R1 385-
million or 85 percent) is
directly “attributable to
the change in the rand

/dollar exchange rate. A~

total of R45-million was

attributable to the inclu- :

sion of the stocks of new
subsidiaries, and only
R191-million as a result of
‘stocking during the year.

De Beers’ consolidated
income from the diamond
account increased by
nearly 34 percent, which
is in line with the increase
in rand terms of the sales
‘of the CSO. Items such as
high inflation, higher in-
terest charges and bor-
rowings, and higher pro-
specting and research
costs — just to name a
few — eroded income to
such an extent that the in-
crease in after-tax profits
(excluding its share of re-

csO: 3400/857

, ments outside the: dia-

tained ‘profits and ex-
traordianry items of asso-
ciates) was contained to 8
percent. i
This amounted to
R332,5-million or 92,4c a

-share compared with

R307,7-million or 85,5¢ a
share, as re-stated. In-
cluding its share of re-

* tained profits from asso-

Giates, earnings rose Rl
percent to R677,7-million
(R530,2-million) or
188,4c (147,4c) a share.
De Beers kept the final
unchanged at 27,5 for an

increase in the final was
expected, but despite the *
news that it will keep the
final unchanged, the
share held firm on the ,
JSE at 905c. 1
The diamond account
was boosted to R575,2-
auillion from the previous
year’s R430,2-million,
mainly as a result of the
depreciation of the rand
against the US dollar and
also the slight improve-
ment in diamond sales.
Income from invest-

* mond industry amounted
_to R183-million (R162-
million) while other in-
come totalled R80-million *
(R67-million).

‘The major increase in
revenue came from De
Beers’ share of the re-
tained profits of its asso-
ciates, which jumped’.
from R227-million to
R345-million. This is a re-
‘sult of extraordinary pro-
fits made by Minorco and

This was mainly the result |
of increased borrowings,
higher rand interest rates .
‘and the depreciation of

Tax and the State’s
share of the profits
amounted to R169-mil-

lion (R165-million)

“Net profit attributable
to deferred shareholders,
after deducting

93

JPRS-SSA~85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



TRADE UNIONS DECLARE DISPUTE WITH CHAMBER OF MINES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Mar 85 p 4

[Text]

THE Council of Min-
ing Unions, represen-
ting 20 000 workers in
eight trade unions, yés-

terday delcared a dis-

pute with the Chamber
of Mines on the 1985
review of wages and
working conditions on
Chamber gold mines
and collieries.

The negotiations,

CSO: 3400/857

which began on Thurs-
day, deadlocked _yester-
day when the CMU re-
fused to modify its de-
mand for an overall 20
percent increase in wages.
The Chamber, which be-
gan the negotiations with
an offer of 8,5 percent,
improved its offer yester-
day to 9,5 percent but
would not go further to
meet the council’s de-
mands.

Announcing the decla-
ration of the dispute yes-
terday the Chamber said
in a statement that at the
start of negotiaions on
Thursday the CMU had
demanded a 20 percent
wage increase and further
improvements’ exceeding
seven percent,

“The Chamber re-
sponded with an offer of
8,5 percent wage increase
and the CMU changed its
demand to an overall 20

percent.

98

“At a second meeting
today the Chamber im.
proved its offer to a 9,°
percent wage increase to-
gether with an increase in

the split shift allowance. . «

“The council did not
moderate its 20 percent

» demand .and declared a

dispute,” the statement
said.

The CMU consists of
the Mine Workers Union
and the seven-unions be-
longing to the Federation
of Mining Unions. ‘These
are the SA Boilermakers
Society, the. Amalga-
mated Engineering
Union, the SA Electrical
Workers Association, the
Amalgamated Society of
‘Woodworkers of SA, the
Amalgamated Building
Trade Workers of SA, the
Iron Moulders Society of
SA and the SA Engine
Drivers, Firemans and
Operators Association.
— Sapa.

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


Of course, it is logical that all the forces who are supposed to fight
corruption profit most from the bribery: the State Economic Commission,

for instance, which is supposed to uncover the misuse of public funds.

One can see them often, as they travel through the country in their blue
trucks which were financed by Japan, intended for use in agriculture. Why
does an economics commissioner need a truck for his inspection activities?
To be able to transport sacks filled with manioc. He received them from

his clients in return for a favorable inspection and intends to sell them

on the central market of Kinshasa, where he will get three times the original
purchase price.

Does it make any sense to give additional development aid to a country like
Zaire, which is wasting its human and material resources in such a suicidal
manner? A stop to these wasted monies may be the only way to bring such a
system to its senses. The FRG Ministry for Economic Cooperation increased
its aid in 1984: from DM 33 to DM 48 million.

8991
cso: 3420/35

114


\

Nadama's case caused a particular stir because he had been accused not so much
of renriching a political party as of corruptly selling import licences to
benefit the Argungu and Kaiwa mosques, The case identified politics more
clearly with Islam than any other public hearing. That these two northern
politicians--pillars of the traditional ruling establishment--'got off' when
their southern counterparts (or those who supported the old opposition) were
being sent to jail on similar evidence, is political dynamite. And this,
Babangida feels is what the army can do without,

It was Babangida who said after the coup, in January 1984, that ex-President
Shagari would be tried on the evidence, like everybody else. Since then
Buhari has indicated that there is no direct evidence to link the former
president to any wrongdoings. But some senior officers are pointing out that
Shagari himself kept the defence portfolio, was his own oil minister and that
his special adviser on petroleum--Yahaya Dikko, brother of Umaru--was answer-
able to him personally. Moreover, the cabinet minister in charge of the Abuja
project (the source of many corruption cases) reported directly to Shagari.

The acquittal of Nadama and Kaita has again raised the question of other
prominent Northerners, including Shagari. The more dynamic generals believe
these ‘cases are holding up concerted action to reform the country, In Janu-
ary an announcement about Shagari's fate seemed imminent. Whe Buhari post-
poned a final decision once again, some SMC members agreed to wait for the
trial of Nadama in the belief that this was bound to lead to a conviction,
which now pave the way to a hearing on Shagari himself, Now they fear that
the Nadama precedent will lead to another "lack of evidence" tribunal, this
time for Shagari, and that the wholesale acquittal of establishment northern-
ers will make the country ungovernable by the present administration.

CSO: 3400/814



South Africa. Further that other Western countries should implement actions
of the same kind as in the Norwegian plan. The government wants to work for
a stop in investments and loans, increase humanitarian aid, break off all
sports, cultural and scientific contacts. It also wants the Nordic coun-
tries to take the initiative to evaluate a transport boycott of oil to South
Africa.

Trade will be reduced, and combined Nordic lines of direction should be es-
tablished for eventual public cooperation in readjustment of industrial firms
which are going over to other suppliers. The UN weapons embargo should be
strengthened, and a prohibition against import of weapons should be imple-
mented.

Finally the government proposes that the Nordic countries evaluate the pos-
sibility of closing down the SAS route to Johannesburg. The primary Norwe-
gian unilateral measure is the requirement for automatic licensing of goods
import. That means that all who will import from South Africa must apply to
the Ministry of Trade for a license. It is hoped that this will mean a sig-
nificant reduction of trade.

Further, Norwegian ships which go to South Africa must be registered, and a
legal prohibition against that is being evaluated.

Sharper

The Labor Party's Guttorm Hansen maintained in a commentary that the meas-
ures being threatened represent a significant step in the right direction,
and that Norway is here taking a much sharper line toward South Africa.

The Labor Party will later establish whether these proposals are sufficient.

The Conservative Party's Harald U. Lied believes that the trade minister's
proposal is solid. He thinks it is a strength that the government has so
soberly evaluated the possibilities available for further pressure on South
Africa. He believes it is wise of the government to invest in Nordic in-
itiatives, and recalled that Norway has led the way in the fight against
apartheid.

Modest

The Socialist-Left Party's Stein Ornhoi said that his main impression is
that the government's proposal contains many words and nonbinding good will.
SV believes that the most important factor of all is lacking, an initiative
for an international system of oil boycott. Ornhoi admitted, however, that
no Norwegian government had yet gone so far.

The Center Party's Johan Buttedahl believes that the measures are offensive,

and he is especially pleased about the proposal to have SAS stop flying to
Johannesburg. The Progressive Party's Bjorn Erling Ytterhorn is against

67



ONLY ONE IN THREE POSTS FILLED IN RAILWAYS DEPARTMENT

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 26 Feb 85 p 2

[Text]

cso:

3400/866

PARLIAMENT: Members of
Parliament were last week
told how 18 of the 54
established posts in the
Railway Department had
been filled.

Mr Colin Blackbeard, the
Minister of Works and
Communications, when
answering a question from
member of Parliament for
Tswapong South, Mr
Gaefalale Sebeso on
Thursday said 18 of the
established posts had been
filled with expatriate
officers - railway project co-
ordinator, railway
implementation officer, chief
financial controller, chief civil
engineer, chief signal and
communications engineer,
district civil engineer andtwo
traffic instructors.

The other officers were
local viz - chief accountant,
principal industrial relations
officer, principal personnel
officer, senior accountant,

12

administration assistants, one
personal secretary and two
typists.

He also explained that the
offices of the Railway
Department were temporarily
located in the Ministry of
Works and Communications
headquarters here.

He added that after the
take-over, which is scheduled
for Janaury 1, 1987, the
headquarters would be
shifted to Francistown as
already decided by the
Government.

Mr Sebeso had asked the
Minister to brief the House in
accordance with Railways Act
1984 as to how many staff
units and of what calibre the
Permanent Secretary has in
his railway office.

Mr Sebeso had asked the
Minister to say where in
Botswana are their offices
located and whether the said
offices were currently
occupied.

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

BOTSWANA



INCREASE IN TRADE WITH BRITAIN PREDICTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Mar 85 p 4

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

cso.

CAPE TOWN. — Britain
looks forward to in-
creased trade and invest-
ment in South Africa’ in
{Spite of the disinvestment
‘lobby’ in -the United
!States, says visiting Brit-
ish trade expert Mr
; Christopher Roberts.
‘Britain is already South
Africa’s biggest source of
:foreign investment ‘capi-
{tal, accounting for one-
‘third of all foreign invest-
ment in this country, Mr
Roberts told The Citizen
_in an interview.

;- Mr Roberts who is”

ichief ‘executive of the
; British Overseas Trade

‘Board returns home to- *

i day after a week- -long visit
}to° South Africa “which
‘convinced him there were
New avenues for British
trade and investment in
Athis country.
’ In the past’ Britain had
[been a major supplier of
mining machinery, power
‘generators and machine
tools to South Africa. He
believed Britain could
now offer this country the
information . equipment
and technology to help in
both on-shore and off-
shore oil and gas explora-
tion.

3 3400/857

“For example if one
looks at the Mossel Bay
developments our com-
panies have experience in
the British North Sea con-
ditions which are quite
similar to those of the
Southern Coast of South

iscounted' the
ity. of the Ameri-
can disinvestment lobby
influencing British econ-
omic ties with South Afri-
ca. “When it comes to de-
cisions of the companies
concerned it is their
money which is at stake.

“The British Govern-
ment does not go along
with proposals for embar-
goes on investment and
trade,” Mr Roberts said.

There was no doubt
that the majority of
people in Britain disap-
proved of apartheid but
there was an awareness
that disinvestment would
be to the disadvantage of
people of colour in South
Africa.

Mr Roberts said that
while Britain was South
Africa’s largest source of
itivestment capital from
abroad America’s trade
with this country was
larger on a per capita ba-
sis. However the average
Briton spent R24 a year

95

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

on imports from South
Africa compared with an
average of only R8 spent
by an American on South
African goods.

He also believed that
;the decline in both the
{rand and the pound as;
{against the dollar made
“South Africa and Britain
better trading partners.

Mr Roberts was opti-
mistic about the results of
the present recession in
South Africa — “four to
five years ago we went |
through the same sort of

; Fecession.””

H “One of the conse- |
! quences was that our!
| companies .were com- |

| | pelled to improve quality | |
to ensure delivery dates !
to become more competi- |
tive.” j

Mr Roberts said he |
would return to Britain '

_ better able to inform Brit- |
‘ish industry of the trade
} potential in this country.
|, While in South Africa
‘he had talks with a num-
‘Der of Ministers including
Dr Dawie de Villiers
(Trade and Industry) Mr
Kent Durr (Deputy-Min-
ister) and Mr D W Steyn
(Mineral and Energy Af-
fairs), .


NMS POLITICAL CADRES GRADUATE

JPRS-SSA-85~033

19 April 1985

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 5 Mar 85 p 6

[Text]

cso:

” The first baich of political cadres
drawn ‘from among the National
Military Service and trained in poli-
teal work for three months were
graduated yesterday from the Tatek
Political: School.

Certificates - and special prizes to
the trainees were handed over by Co-
mrade Lt.-Col. Girma Ayele, mem-
ber of the .CC of WPE and Head of
the Organizational Department in the
Main Political Administration of the
Revolutionary Armed Forces.

‘Comrade Lt.-Col- Girma congra-
tulated the. graduates on being the
‘first to be trained in political educa:
tion from among the participants -of
the National Military Service and said
they should be proud of being mem-
bers of the Revolutionary Army
which, through Jts sacrifice. and,com-
mitment to duty, has won admiration
far and near. ‘

Comrade Girma noted that altho-
ugh Ethiopia is undergoing a com-
plex and protracted struggle slong
broad fronts, the nation is certain to
overcome ‘all natural and man-made
challenges and build socialism under

~ the leadership of the party. He said

3400/859

that all that is required to attain the
desired goal is the proper discharge
of individual and collective respon:
sibility and admonished the graduates
to live up to their responsibility.

Comrade Capt. Girmachew Yilala,
commander of the school, seid earlier
that the graduates were selected for
the training on the basis of their re-
volutionary role while previously ser-
ving in various government and mass
organizations, their active participa.
tion in discussion forums ‘and their
success in the entrance tests given by
the Main Political Administration.
Their educational standard was at-
tainment of the 12th grade or over,
it was noted. The nature of the politi-
cal training given to the graduating
batch was;also enumerated.

Special prizes were given to com-
rades with. outstanding results and
to civilian and military outfits and
individuals who contributed to ‘the
training programme.

A ten-hectare vegetable farm deve-
lopsd by members of the training
school and the graduates was later
visited, (ENA)

17

ETHIOPIA



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

NAMIBIA

SWANU STRATEGY, PRINCIPLES EXAMINED

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 9 Mar 85 p 26

[Text]

In the advertising sup- action’. In terms of the trench discriminatory prac-
plement by SWANU in language of the man in the tices. ;
the Observer of February street. this implies two all- Iam also in agreement with
22, 1985 there is much I important conditions. the truism that South

. te and be @ There ‘must be some Africa’s occupation is illegal.
appreciate and even can strategy to achieve the aim of To this I will add the aside
in agreement with. reconciliation and unity. For that this occupation is inex-
The crucial question I will SWANU this is to be achiev- tricably bound up with
leave aside for the time be- : ed through the Multi-Party premeditated economic ex-
ing. Conference, The MPC is to ploitation and increasing

I do have to acknowledge define a commonly agreed to economic obligation for
that I had to appeal to poetic procedure to bring about in- which we will have to pay
justice in translating some of : dependence which will be in- dearly in years to come:
the political clichés in Mr ternationally acceptable and SWAKOR.

Moses Katjiuongua’s ‘Ap- internally hegomonic. So far ‘Why was an independent
? into concrete oposals : so good. . commission - not appointed
let me assure him that the : @ However, the idea of after the damning evidence

translation has been as ‘ meeting each other halfway before the Thirion Commis-

charitable as possible. does not mean that all-prin- , » sion on the diamond’ in-

@ When Katjiuongua speaks ciples must go overboard. |. dustry? Is the rolling stock,

of ‘no necessary power strug- ; Implicit in such a partial } to the supposed value of two

gles’, of ‘the need for na- ' meeting of minds is the no- billion rand, which is coming
tional reconciliation and uni- tion of absolute non- } South West Africa’s way with
ty as being crucial.....to negotiables. Whatever > the take-over. of the
peace and stability after in- | argument has to be accorded, ‘ Transport Services, being
dependence’, of ‘a constitu- it must be reached within the | val independently? How
tional blueprint which must - framework of specific prin- « | do we know that this rolling
accommodate the aspirations ciples. H | sock is. hot from South
concerns of our people’ ERAL PERSUA- , Africa’s tailings dump’

etc., I take him to mean that 1B SION : > Let South Africa . know

the ical groupings must ¢ that we are under no cir- |

enough to meet @ As of a liberal persuasion, cumstances still willing to

each other halfway. This is a SWANU’s non-negotiables | take their word as their bond, |

laudable intention and will be appeal to this columnist: The + and that we regard their |
appreciated by all except the total dismantling of apar- |. camouflaged © functionaries

junatic right and the theid as enshrined in ethnic \ with the utmost suspicion and '

demented left: totalitarian | rule, by AG-8. I fully agree | agreat deal of contempt. i

bedfellows. aa that this resulted in a ‘chaotic But to return to SWANU’s

@ Katjiuongua quite rightly political dispensation’, with Strategy and the frame of

remarks that ‘politics is not the attendant psychological principles within which they

about mere survival but - effect of giving the impres- want to put that strategy to -
about political choices and sion that genuine progress is ; work. Separately, the
alternatives and an action made towards a fully equal | strategy and set of principles

Programme to achieve any society - while, in fact, it only : makes perfectly good sense.

chosen alternative course of serves to perpetuate and en- Taken together, however, it

turns out to be nonsensical.

46



IMPACT OF RECESSION ON HILLBROW SHOPS REPORTED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 24 Mar 85 p 3

[Article by Ciaran Ryan]

[Text]

cso:

3400/932

By Ciaran Ryan
ABOUT if

“The authorities
rat

t if Hillbrow traders
are allowed to open after

permission ive
to be extended to all traders
in the Transvaal.

Defiant .

Mr Rose’ said: “If there is
no movement from the au-
thorities on flexi-hours
May, I think retailers
take matters into their’
hands and the law
after

“We believe it is onl
matter of time before flexi.

338

|
gifs

hours come into operation, :
Weliavea jan for upgrading
Hillbrow id we '

‘allmajor property

91

JPRS~SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

elaborated on the objectives of the meeting. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE
ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 9 Mar 85 pp 1, 6]

YOUTH DEVELOPMENT WORK--In order to translate into deeds the national call
made by the Revolutionary Leader regarding the drought problem, members of
the Addis Ababa Revolutionary Ethiopia Youth Assoctations (REYA), are now
undertaking various development activities here, according to the office of
REYA committee of the capital. The committee disclosed that thousands of
members of REYA are deployed in various production and distribution centres
and engaged in vegetable growing activities. The youths of the city have de-
cided during their special meeting conducted last Sunday to translate:\into
deeds the plan formulated by the vanguard party and the national call made
by the Revolutionary Leader regarding the drought problem affecting several
parts of the country, the office of REYA disclosed. Meanwhile, a 1200-man
brigade drawn from the Revolutionary Ethiopia Youth Association (REYA) of
Kaffa region was deployed in Gura Ferda district to contribute the share
expected of them. in answer'to the National Call made by the revolutionary
Leader recently in aid of the drought-victims and effectively tackle the
drought problem.. The work brigade was given warm send-off while departing
from the town of Mizan to resettlement site of Gura Ferda district, Gimira
province by: members: of the WPE Committee of Gimira province and representa-
tives of government. agencies and mass organizations in the area. It is to be
recalled that the first work brigade of the region consisting of 1000 youth
had left here earlier for Decha district, Kaffa province, to conduct similar
campaign... [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETMIOPIAN HERALD in English 27 Feb 85

p 6] :

REYA, ACTIVITIES--Ghion (ENA)--Members of the Revolutionary Ethiopia Youth
Association (REYA) in Chebo-Gurage province, Shoa region, are presently
undertaking various development activities in their administrative zones

in connection with this year's Youth Week. Comrade Mekonnen Irgete, chairman
of the Shoa region REYA, disclosed that 905 youths organized in two work
brigades are deployed in Tedele and Horele rehabilitation centres and are
providing free service in digging wells and construction additional dwelling
units. The youths dug over 384 latrines, built 72 new dwelling units and
renovated 32 houses as well as collected maize crop on two hectares of land,
according to Comrade Mekonnen. Members of REYA are conducting similar work
campaigns -in‘various provinces of Shoa region in a response to the call made
by central:committee of REYA in connect-on with Youth Weck 1985, [Text]
[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 3 Mar 85 p 1]

STUDENTS TO BULGARIA--A warm sendroff was given yesterday for 480 youths
leaving for Bulgaria for higher education. At a ceremony-held at the Gulele
Rehabitation Project Centre, Comrade Berhanu Bayih, member of the Politburo
of the CC of .WPE and Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, presided over the
send-off. ceremony for the departing youth drawn from the fourteen regions,
Addis Ababa and Assab provincial administration. The youth were selected for
their..outstanding contributions to the success of the revolution and to their
services in various mass organizations. During their stay in Bulgaria in the
coming five years, the batch will be trained in construction, agricultural
technology, mines maintenance of ships and boats as well as in respective

29



JPRS-SSA-35~033
19 April 1935

fa cepenet BOTSWANA

DECENTRALIZATION SYSTEM PROVES TO BE EFFECTIVE

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 27 Feb 85 p 1

[Article by David Matshediso and Marshall Tladi]

SEROWE February 26: The

houses for extension staff.

[Text] y
system of decentralising local He said 1 767 people are
administration through the involved in the:stumping of
four pillars of District sorghum for primary schools.
Administration, Council, Each is paid P1 per day and
Tribal Administration and at the end of last year
Land Board is proving to be P267 336 was spent on such
very effective, said the District projects.
Commissioner Mr B.K. Sentle. The District Commissioner
Mr Sentle was briefing the pointed out that P115 700was
President Dr Q.K.J. Masire spent on purchasing cattle
on developments in the for slaughter for school
districts at the official opening children. .
of the Rural Administration Under the feeding scheme,
Centre here on Friday Mr Sentle said about 128
morning. people within the vulnerable
The District Commissioner groups are fed at clinics.
said the office block will He disclosed that the
strengthen as well as Ministry of Local Government
integrate district adminis- and Lands has instructed his
tration for more effective district to make P156 000
developments. available for the grading of
Mr Sentle said his district the roads cleared through
is disturbed by the drought drought relief.
situation which has adversely 6 Present yy the openning
affected the area especially ’
Bobirwa and Boteti areas. Moutlakgola Nwako, Minister
He disclosed that over the of Commerce and Industry,
year 1984/85, Labour Based Mr Lesedi Mothibamele,
Drought Relief Projects Minister of Local Government
engaged about 13 000 people. and Lands, Minister Collin
A total of P2 423 815 was Blackbeard of Works and
spent on the projects. Communications and other
Mr Sentle said the projects dignitaries.
include building of dams, Traditional music and
clearing bush for road dancing by students from
construction, drift fences schools In the district
construction and building of highlighted the occasion.
CSO: 3400/866

13



|

JPRS~SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

TSUMEB PROJECTS--Tsumeb: In a statement today Tsumeb Corporation Limited an-
nounced two capital projects which will lead to increased copper and silver
production resulting in an dncrease in foreign exchange earnings for the
country. Mr Bob Meiring said that at the Kombat Mine the Asis Ost section,
previously operated in the 1920's and the early 1970's, would be reopened,
using a mechanised low cost trackless mining method. At the Tsumeb smelters,
a 25 000 ton capacity flotation concentrator purchased from the closed down
Oamites Mines, would be erected to recover copper and silver from stock pile
slags and secondary material. Work on both projects had been started and
production would commence within 12 months, he said. Tsumeb Corporation
Limited, Mr Meiring said in the statement, was an independently managed South
West Africa company conducting countrywide exploration, and operating mines,
concentrators, smelters and refineries. The corporation produced blister
copper, refined lead, refined cadmium, refined arsenic, trioxide, silver, gold
and iron pyrites, employing a work force of some 5 200, Mr Meiring said. Last
week the Observer brought the first pictures of the new Asis Ost Development
where blasting operations have been launched to start the new road leading
down into the earth, known in mining language as the trackless mining method,
[Text] [Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 2 Mar 85 p 29]

SWABC DOCUMENT--Totalitarianism aims at controlling the information which
reaches the public--the numerous restrictions on press freedom imposed during
the last decade testifies to the increasing totalitarian tendency. During this
week an official SWABC document--for internal consumption--revealing this ten-
dency has surfaced. This document states the following: "Information, facts,
requests or hints will be totally ignored if it turns out not to be in the best
interest of the country'. The arrogance of this is truly stunning. What dark
abilities qualify Piet Venter (or anybody else for that matter) to decide for
me (or anyone else) what is ‘in the best interest of the country’? However,
this arrogance is particularly revealing. Firstly, it explains the incredible
drabness of SWABC's presentation, a drabness which is the mark of most propa—
ganda. Secondly and more importantly, it completely destroys the SWABC's
already suspect claim to independence, and reveals a particular stupidity/
insensitivity: The SWABC's policy statement is an almost word by word re-
iteration of a statement by Mr Riaan Eksteen, the Director-General of the
South African Botha and Botha Broadcasting Corporation. Although the SABC

is not a member of the Newspaper Press Union, the Media Council nevertheless
rebuked Eksteen for his attitude towards newsworthiness and the public's right
to have access to objective information. But, unlike the SWABC, Eksteen was

57



UPRS-SSA-85~-033
19 April 1985

ZAIRE

CORRUPTION REPORTEDLY MAINTAINS STRANGLEHOLD ON ECONOMY
Hamburg DIE ZEIT in German 8 Feb 85 p 14
{Article by Alfed Ludwig: "Blossoms Need the Jungle"]

[Text] Before the outstretched hand of the beggar who sits on the curb can
take hold of the money, a policeman intervenes. "That is for me," he
exclaims and grabs the money. My protest is in vain, the effect is the
opposite: I have to hand him my passport. "Why doesn't it have a street
address," he yells at me. It is useless to discuss it. The atmosphere
improves when I reach for another banknote, ten times the amount of the
previous bill. The policeman pockets the money, returns my passport, and
finally he also returns the bill to the beggar.

The place is the African country of Zaire, which at one time was called the
Congo. ‘The general opinion that corruption is nothing unusual in developing
countries cannot adequately describe the prevailing conditions in Zaire.

In the meantime, corruption in that country has reached such dimensions that
the World Bank came out with the following sober analysis in its 1983 world
development report: "Raising additional income can become a compulsive major
task. Public officials will not do anything without a bribe; the majority
of the population is counterproductive involved, securing favors from public
officials or buying their silence. As a result, corruption can become the
actual reason for the existence of institutions instead of being only a
nonessential aspect of their activities."

It is said that corruption is one of the everpresent phenomena of human
society; it has always been there. Perhaps this is the reason why it does
not take very long to get used to this "parallel economy," which--after one
knows how to use it--seems to make everything wonderfully easy in an
administration which otherwise seems so cumbersome.

One finds out how pleasant it can be when it comes to everyday things in life,
for instance, when one wants to make a telephone call to Europe from the post
office in Kinshasa, which may be black Africa's most beautiful capital. In-
stead of going directly to the counter and placing the call, one is surrounded
by a group of gesticulating men as soon as one enters the post office. They

offer their assistance when it comes to finding one's way through the admin-

istrative labyrinth of payment, registration and filling out forms. Everyone

110


Mobutu's foreign policy phantasies earned him a certain reputation in
Black Africa. A recent proposal of his caught attention. He suggested
the establishment of an organization for Black African states, because the
Organization for African Unity (OAU) is too much dominated by the Arabic
countries of North Africa.

The West supports Mobutu's position. In 1978, when the former Katanga
province (which is now called Shaba) was invaded for the second time by
troops that belonged to the former nucleus of the "Katanga Gendarmes"~-
they supported Moise Tshombe who in 1965 emigrated to Spain--France sent
paratroopers--certainly not only because of the important, but strategically
insignificant raw material deposits. Zaire, which is bordering on Angola,
has always been considered a bulwark in the struggle against communism in
Africa. And Mobutu knows how to play his card masterfully, according to a
pattern which is wide-spread in the Third World.

The dictator's reign of terror creates an atmosphere in which corruption
flourishes magnificently. Since the job of each civil servant depends on
the whimes of the arbitrary dictator and his clan, government workers have
to put away as much money as possible as quickly as possible: who knows how
long one has the opportunity to do so? The ridiculously low salaries of top
officials promote the willingness to look for additional income. A director
in public service receives the equivalent of approximately DM 300 per month.
Unofficially, that is, with bribes, he ends up with DM 3,000. House and car
are provided by the state. The question whether the poorly paid public
officials are the cause or a symptom of corruption may remain unanswered.
Nevertheless, according to the World Bank it is one of the causes: "In
general, it is easier to combat corruption with fewer officials who are
well-paid and who control only what must (and can) be controlled in full
view of the public than with occasional, anticorruption campaigns."

What is a public official supposed to think of his ruler--we are talking

about Mobuto, who during his time in office diverted the incredible sum of

$5 billion and placed it in a private Swiss account? The amount--a significant
coincidence--corresponds more or less to the figure of the foreign debt of

the country. Considering the example, is it possible to expect anything

other than corrupt behavior?

Of course, if you want to find real big corruption, you should not spend
your time at the post office. Corruption can be studied at the big develop-
ment projects of the country. Because a characteristic of corruption is the
fact that "large projects" are awarded to “contractors in accordance with the
size of bribes instead of the measure of quality of their performance" (World
Bank).

One item in this category is probably one of the biggest bad investments in
the Third World, the hydroelectric plant Inga II (with 1,400 megawatts it
produces 1 1/2 times as much energy as a modern nuclear energy plant). ‘The
electricity originates at the power plant on the Congo River, which was
built by Italians and equipped with Siemens generators and--sad but true--

112



Briefs

SWAZILAND

Briefs

ZAIRE

Corruption Reportedly Maintains Stranglehold on Economy
(Alfed Ludwig; DIE ZEIT, 8 Feb 85) ...cceecccseccsevesee

ZIMBABWE

Record Harvest for Nation's Black Farmers
(Sven Oste; DAGENS NYHETER, 11 Mar 85) .....csccsecseeee

Banana

Korean

Meat Firms

Training Services Allocation
Black Housing

Defense Expenditure
Development Bank Package
Venda Bank Loan

Costs Rise

Synthetic Fuels Levy
Secret Police Account
Relief for Unemployed
‘Cheap’ Oil Purchased
Sanlam Donation

Disinvestment Endangers Medicine

Film Subsidies

Nationwide ATM

Empangeni Bus Boycott Ends
House Arrest Lifted

Oil Purchases

Natal Coal Dealers Fear 'Monopoly'

Workers' Increases
Desegregation of Dining Cars
New Tax Law for Ciskei

Coetzee Defends Telephone Bugging
Governmental Actions Compared to Zimbabwe's

Suspension of Passports
GEM Output Increase

Pardons Former Deputy Speaker

(THE CITIZEN, 23 Mar 85) wecesesescacccc cece cece eesnee

Arms at Harare Celebration

(THE CLTIZEN, 23 Mar 85) sicecce cece sce cece l ede ce cee eees

102
102
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102
103
103
103
104
104
104
105
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105
105
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CONTAINER SERVICE SEEKS HELP

JPRS~SSA~85-033

19 April 1985

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 24 Mar 85 p 11

[Article by Tony Koenderman]

[Text] THE South Africa Europe Container
ice, SAECS, is contemplating fur-
- ther ther tatlonallesiion measures to co)
with the collapse of ft it traffic
between this country and Europe.
Ships sailing ng south are now Oj ap

{ngat on} 50 Ze capaclty, ity, ace

And while. ships on nike north bound ‘
Teg are 70% fu I, the the export traffic is

low-rated and therefore less profit-_;
able for the tee lines. The result
is that des) eh capacities on
the north-bound leg, its contribution
to profits is about ¢ samme as that of
the south-bound leg.

Not that i that there ts iW much much prot i fst

' Tine eae an sen on an
} currently ha return is

“We are can fing slightly more

2-million Eo ee the

south-bound leg now, and about the

game north-bound,” said Mr Sempill. :

4 ir ago we were carrying more
thad smiiion tons southbousd i
en million to 2-million tons north- {
t

. pone has been a growth in wool

and fruit exports.
‘There has already been pubstantial
rationalisation of the service. Two

: {ts nine large container ships (each ot
2450 container slots) are out on
sie

Foetal :

ite clearly ihe Lt it needs of

be served by taking

trother eo einige ships off. Alterna-
could lude

tye measures include some
‘ of sharing of facilities between
| the north-west F ‘and Mediterra-

cso: 3400/932

nean services (for campeon carrying
; Mediterranean cargo

shipment point for transfer to vesels
es to and from north-western
or reducing the frequency of

no decisions have yet
vetne, a of te 2st
i e shipy
has also been been’ af pring nes
competition trom orncapeadent non-
conference operators which have ye aD
tured 20% of the trade by cutti
i Fates, aa
! “Rates are 30%-40% below what we
would require to get a reasonable re-
turn on capital,” Sempill s sald
‘Though ind
rates down, they seem 20 tines ‘able
to survive the low rates than the con-
, ference lines. In the past seven or
* eight years, 15 non-conference lines ,
\have entered the trade and subse-

Currently, three lines — Mediterra-

Hi
.

‘Fonseca
OVI areal
ternative te the SABCS con on
E

facilities enving, Southern Africa is
Pe bad

ett t Maputo is unlikely to see a
marked increase in traffic until the
‘security of the rail links to the Trans-
yaal and Zimbabwe can be _pssured.

Phe, Maputo-Komatipoort, Tine pa

sabotaged repeatedly
i gue in recent mont

89

ne at crate |

SOUTH AFRICA



DANISH PARLIAMENTARIANS' VISIT REPORTED

Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY: in English 1 Mar 85 pp 1, 6

[Excerpts]

THE . standing Foreign
Affairs Committe of the
Danish parliament to Le-
sotho visited Lesotho Co-
Operative Centre in Ma-
seru..on Tuesday this
week, 7

At this centre, the par-
Hamentarians were brief-
ed on.the main objective
of the centre which is to
offer training facilities to
Basotho in co-operatives
management.

From the centre the
committee.members were
taken .on a conducted
tour to the nation abattoir
-at Khubetsoana about six
kilomitres. out of Maseru.

This project, in co-ope-

‘ation with the Feedlot

and Procurement
system projects, is expect-
ed to provide. marketing
‘infrastructure for live-
stock and: meat industry
‘for the. country,

In his:welcome speech,
Dr. Moteane confirmed

that the abattoir will be,

operational towards the
end of this year and dis-
closed ‘that this: new ab-
attoir was financed by the
Danish government ‘with
the sum of M20 million.
Later that day the par-
iamentarians. had talks
with the Minister of Plan-
ning, Employment and
Economic Affairs who is

also the chairman of the
ruling party (BNP), Mr.
Rets’elisitsoe Sekhonyana
at BNP centre in Maseru,

Referring to the future
economic situation of Le-
sotho, . Mr. Sekhonyana
revealed that the Lesotho
-Highlands Water scheme
is expected to give Leso-
itho M100 million yearly
‘when fully operational.
between 1990 and the
year 2000.
| -On Monday the Parlia-
! mentarians were taken on
a conducted tour of Dan-

ish Financed Develop-
_ ments Projects in the
! Qacha’s Nek district,

In his remarks, Minister
Makoae explained that
more than 5,000 people
around Manteko ‘area be-
nefit from the foot bridge.
‘He said Sejabatho River,

on which this M13,000 foot ”

‘bridge Was build had al-
ready claimed: many lives.

’ The Mintuter said the
‘Danish Programme for

those .foot bridges was

M900,000 which covered
, Phase one and two and

now the government was
negotiating for the third
; Phase programme with the
‘Danish government which
, Will cover ‘rural clinics
, and other foot bridges.

34

JPRS-SSA-85-033
19 April 1985

LESOTHO


TENECO TO INJECT R-24M INTO SOUTH AFRICAN ECONOMY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Mar 85 p 11

[Article by Tony Stirling]

[Text]

CSO:

TENECO, the giant
American oil corpora-
tion, is to invest a fur-
ther. R24-million . in
South Africa over the
next two years in bid-
ding to capture a.big-
ger slice of the agricul-
tural” equipment’ mar-
ket after taking’ over
the agricultural divi-
sion of International
Harvester.

The South African leg
of the takeover deal was
signed in Johannesburg
yesterday,

The total. takeover of
these interests by the
Teneco subsidiary J. 1

Case involves - about
RI 000 million. s
Teneco-is the 20th larg-

est corporation in the
United States and tates
among thé:top’ 40 in the
world, It has big interests
in oil, but is‘involved ‘in’
miaitiy “fields ‘of manufac:
ture and business ranging
from chemicals to packag-
ing, i insurance and real es-

3400/857

The local managing di-
rector of J I Case, Mr
Barney Strydom,’ said
that about R14 million
would initially be made
available “to get the show
on the road.”

There: would be a fur-
ther injection of about
R10 million next year as
capital for expanding the
dealer network and open-
ing new branches.

In ‘thé rationalisation
that had taken place to ef-
fect the takeover, no em-
ployees had lost their
jobs, although a few had
Jeft voluntarily.

Expansion taking place
would, in fact, create
about 350 new: jobs for
skilled technicians, and
sales and administrative
staff.

Although the “disin-
vestment option” had be-
come a sensitive issue in
the United States, Teneco
were business people,

pragmatic, and had a re-
sponsibility to stock hold-
ers to invest in markets
with the best returns and
growth.

“We believe South
Africa offers excellent in-
estment opportunity,” he
said. In particular, in so

far as J H Case was con- ;

cerned, the envisaged
population expansion the
agricultural sector would
require highly sophis-
ticated technology.

“We want to. partici-
pate in that,” said Mr
Strydom. The company,
which together with Inter-
national Harvester
present holds about six

of the tractor
market in South Africa
(of about 9 000 units a
year in present depressed
conditions) aims to in-
~-crease its share to 20 per-
cent by 1988/9.

96

‘at

UPRS-SSA-B5-033
19 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

The company, using
the name of Case Inter-
national for its tractor
range, would be market-
ing the full range, which
includes the smaller trac-
tors made by Internat-
ional Harvester and the
bigger units in which I H
Case specialises.

The . tractors, apart
from engines and some
components, are | im-
ported from the United
States, Germany and
Britain.

The takeover move and
the backing of Teneco
had assured the future
after a period in which I
H Case and International
Harvester had been going
through difficult times.

The beauty of the rat-
ionalisation, said Mr Stry-
dom, was that by consoli-
dating capacity, unit costs
had been reduced and
would allow immediate
profitability even in to-
day’s depressed market in ,
South Africa, |

‘Apart from tractors the +
company also manufac-

tures combines and a
range of agricultural
equipment. 7


Bridge between Leribe and Berea and widening of the Lekoantlana Bridge. The
project is financed by the African Development Bank (ADB), World Bank and
Lesotho government. The contracts have been awarded to Stirling International
Civil Engineering LTD of the United Kingdom and A. B. Skanska Cementgjuteriet
Sweden. The engineering supervision is being conducted by Louis Berger Inter-
national of the United States of America and the overall monitoring of the
operations is done by the Roads Department of the Ministry of Works. The work
is expected to be completed within two years. The public is therefore made
aware of traffic deviations along the road from time to time for the next two
years. [Text] [Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY in English 1 Mar 85 p 1]

cso: 3400/871

37