material for 95 prefabricated buildings for the pegmatite project and clothing
for children, students and workers. Also noteworthy were laboratory equipment
for the UEM [Eduardo Mondlane University], 250 pieces of apparatus for physics
experiments in the nation's schools and a large quantity of medicines.

6362
CSO: 3442/86

14



"We are about to create a hydroelectric network to establish small industries
and, later on, the mining and processing industry. The fishing industry is

a potential to be developed in medium-range terms, We have already located
large deposits of coal, uranium, and iron and we are about to begin prospecting.
We have an excellent base for a lumber industry, we have completed and we are
now inaugurating the first hydroelectric dam which is already operating.

We have a plan for a second dam in the southern part and we have planned
another four dams for this 5-year term."

Although this development effort and this development dynamic in Niassa is
not only the "work" of the current provincial governor (who has been in
Lichinga since May of this year) it is certain that President Samora Machel
was trying to select a "tough" man for this strategic job, a man with.a “pulse
of iron" @s he is known), capable of “putting things right" in a short time.

The "University of War"

Sergio Vieira, a colonel in the People's Armed Forces and a member of the
FRELIMO Central Committee, a charismatic personality from the liberation
struggle is considered a “revolutionary intellectual," a man who constantly
derives "lessons" to be learned from the practical application of Marxism to
the Mozambican reality, starting with new analyses of the phenomenon that is
Mozambique.

"The only education I had," he told 0 JORNAL, “was the war, from the beginning,
from 1962. The liberation war taught us much. Above all it taught us a
correct methodology of work with. the masses and with the effort to develop

the working masses.

“The war told us how to overcome difficulties and how not to face them as
insurmountable barriers. It taught us to channel the potential of an organized
and determined people. In this sense, the war was a great university for
my entire generation. But I do not mean to praise war with these words."

Sergio Vieira is governor of Niassa; he is a "hardliner" who is also a poet.
"ambem Memoria do Povo" [Also in Memory of the People] is the title of his
first book to be published shortly in Mozambique and in Portugal, under the
provisions of an agreement with the Portuguese Book Institute. It still talks
about the "University of War," but it does not praise it.

Economic Survey
Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 7 Oct 83 "Especial/Mocambique" Suppl., pp XI-XIIT

[Text] With an economy essentially based on agriculture,
Mozambique has made considerable progress in recent

years. However, the economic situation continues to be
weak due to dependence on the outside world and the
deterioration of the terms of exchange. When Mozambique
achieved independence in 1975, it needed to export 5,300
kilograms of cotton to purchase one truck. In 1981, to buy
that same truck, it has to sell 12,900 kilograms.

35



"In a communal village, you have an agricultural cooperative and a consumer
cooperative. In a communal village, everyhody works as a team and in an
ordinary village, everybody works for himself, We have no individual
initiative here. But everybody is responsiile for a production target
(normally, 2 hectares per person during the farm season). Each collective
worker is automatically a partner of the producer cooperatives; we produce
corn, beans, sunflower, potatoes, and garden vegetables. The consumer co~
operative takes care of the supply of daily necessities, such as sugar, soap,
oil, clothing items, footwear, salt, and dried fish (no meat), We raise
cattle (20 head of beef cattle) for breeding and for animal traction."

Party Cell

What is the role of the party cell in the village? Paulino Imede smiles.
We were seated on a pile of corn, .

"As leader of this village and the farm cooperative, I know all about co-
operatives. I talk to the people about the ideas of the party and about
sensitizing the population with respect to compliance with plans and the
implementation of planning (what do we need at each point in time, what do
we have to produce). The party cell has 27 members, The village consists
of 240 families with 680 inhabitants. Now, with the former unproductive in-
dividuals, we have another 176 inhabitants (73 women and 103 men). The party
cell has held meetings with the former unproductive individuals, Right now,
they are cutting stakes and grass and they are surveying the fields for
planting. Only four came with their wives." :

We are not going to dramatize the situation. The African is not a Westerner.
Wife or husband are not always the most important things in his life although
it is important and it is a good thing to have a wife or a husband, even

an "unofficial one."

Miscegenation Among Tribes

Many of the former unproductive individuals, as we said before, did not send
for their wives or husbands because they did not want them, Others are be-
gining to marry the local inhabitants wherever they are sent.

In spite of everything, the former unproductive youngsters from Maputo con-
fess that they cannot adjust to the people of Niassa: They do not wash--they
tell us--and they talk a "funny" language.

Night fell over the village. Suddenly (African “mystery") I heard everywhere
the thumping noise of the beetles in the thick mortar: A heavy, banging sound
--the music you hear as you fall asleep in a village, standing pretty on red
earth.

I also heard some songs. A choral group of former unproductive individuals
greeted the visitors with "Makuaela“ dances. The dancers were covered with.
red dust and they were singing in Rongo (the language of the South), urging
people to work, singing to President Samora and “Qperation Production."

31

|



ROP was undergoing severe financial problems and the company had only been
salvaged after the Government agreed to increase its capitalisation and
Zimco had increased its equity holding into the firm.

He said ROP management was doing its best to save costs.

Reviewing company operations, Mr Chimanja said these had been adversely af-
fected by the lack of foreign exchange over the past 60 months.

While ROP foreign exchange annual requirement was K62 million, the company had
during the past five years been allocated only K18 million. Last year the com-
pany was given K5.7 million for the whole year.

Asked how the company had arrived at the new prices, Mr Chimanja said it had
taken into account the production costs and expenses.

He denied that the company had manipulated figures to justify the rises. ROP

was "sensitive" to increasing prices and he said the company would do every-
thing to ensure that there were no further increases over the next 12 months.

Mr Mulenga described as air the new prices of commodities and said there was
no running away from the fact that consumers should pay them. It was a reality
which they should face.

cso: 3400/451

86



4th level: Nonessential articles;

5th level: Luxury articles.

The products that are covered by the first three levels get priority when
it comes to securing an import license.

Imports will be authorized without restrictions, with the following exceptions:
(a) Forbidden imports;

(b) Imports based on quotas;

(c) Temporary imports;

(d) Articles with a value of less than 2,500 MZE [expansion unknown];

(e) Imports with installment payments or deferred payments;

(£) Imports subject to preliminary technical and economic studies;

(g) Imports of authorized raw materials to be used exclusively for industry.

Here are the shipping documents: Commercial billing statement, shipping
notice and, for certain products of animal and vegetable origin, the health

certificate.
A Difficult Period

In addition to difficulties of a structural nature, Mozambique is going through
an extremely unfavorable period at this time. The drought in 1982, which has
been affecting 50 percent of the population directly, is the main source:
rainfall from January to December south of the Zambeze did not exceed 37-67
percent of the average precipitation recorded during the same period of time
over the past 30 years. As a result, there has been a loss of 1 million tons
of casava, 300,000 tons of cereal crops, and 80,000 tons of beans and almonds.
Cattle are dying at this time at an average rate of 500 head per day in the

most heavily-hit areas.

To overcome this situation, Mozambique hopes to obtain results from inter~
national cooperation in view of the mutual advantages within the options

adopted.

In this sense, the First Mixed Portuguese~Mozambican Commission, which met

at the end of July, opened up broad prospects relating to the following:
Establishment of projects in the fields of agriculture, livestock, and
forestry, fishing, mining industry, processing industry, energy, public works
and housing, transportation, communications, and meteorology; establishment of
mixed production and sales enterprises; reduction of interest on loans for
purchases in the consumer area, such as fabrics, production instruments,
bread-baking equipment, hardware, parts for making shoes, canned food, bicycles,
chinaware, and horse breeding Jas published].

40



CUBAN LINK UNLIKELY TO FLOURISH WITHOUT SOVIET BACK-UP
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English Vol 24,30 Nov 83 p 8

[Text] GHANA: CUBA, TSIKATA-ET AL. ‘The ruling provisional Defence Council
(PNDC) pins much hope on Cuban solidarity and aid. Cuban cha cha cha dancers
have been in Accra to pave the way, and 600 Ghanaian children have-~ been dis-
patched to Havana to study. Cuban technical assistance, notably in rehabili-~
tating the sugar plants at Asutuare and Komenda, is underway. Assistance in
other fields is planned. But Cuban assistance is unlikely overall to be of
much consequence, for three reasons:

1) When Jerry Rawlings took power again two years ago there was a predictable
swing against the United States and Ghana's traditional bilateral west Euro~
pean relations. Libya almost immediately provided gratis 500,000 barrels of
oil and sent successive posses of Libyan diplomats to Accra. However, the
Libyan connection, while providing vital cash and oil during the crucial first
few months of 1982, cannot produce the longer-term economic and technical as-
sistance Ghana needs. This short-lived exuberance will probably apply to Cuba.

2) In March 1982 the then PNDC member, Chris Atim, led a delegation to the
Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany and Cuba to set
the tone for Ghana's foreign policy realignment. The Soviets offered a $10m
credit scheme to finance the rehabilitation of half-finished Soviet projects
abandoned during the Nkrumah era. The Ghanaian civil service resisted the
scheme. Six months after Atim fled to London where he has remained ever since.
Nothing significant, other than the standard Soviet-third-party cultural and co-
operation agreements, has materialised out of Moscow. Without significant
Soviet involvement, the Cuban link is unlikely to flourish.

3) Under the guidance of foreign minister, Dr. Obed Asmoah, and, more im-
portantly, the regime's special adviser on security matters, Kodjo Tsikata,
Ghana's foreign policy appears vague. Tsikata, who remains the regime's No. 2,
is a passionate admirer of Fidel Castro. Despite American fears that Castro
might inveigel Rawlings to practice and preach communism, Ghana has now got a
$300m facility from the IMF. Western economic assistance, after waning with
the shock of Rawlings’ second-coming, is now set to increase following last
week's World Bank-sponsored aid donors' conference in Paris. Oil exploration
could become a major element to econmmic planning. The Cubans, without East
German and Soviet back-up, are unlikely to graduate out of sugar.



TANZANIA

NATIONAL, GUYANA NATIONAL SERVICE AGREE ON EXCHANGE PROGRAM
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 15 Dec 83 p 3
{Article by Willie Chiwango]

[Text] TANZANIA and Guyana National Service units have agreed in principle to
introduce an exchange programme effective next February.

The Director General of the Guyana National Service, Colonel Joseph Govinda
Sigh, said in Dar es Salaam on Tuesday that areas of cooperation have been
identified and only go-ahead from the respective governments was being awaited.

Col. Singh said his team had been impressed by the five-day tour and learnt
a lot which would benefit Guyanese servicemen.

"We feel that through an exchange programme, we shall be able to share our ex-
periences and streamline our activities", he said.

Col. Singh, who held talks with the Chief of National Service (JKT), Major-
General Nelson Mkisi in Arusha on Monday, said Tanzania had expressed interest
in sending servicemen to Guyana to be trained in graphic designs, steel bank and
netball.

JKT is also keen to promote tailoring and shoe~making skills for its factories
at Tuvu and Mgulani camps, he said. :

Col. Singh said Guyana would send people to Tanzania to study vocational train-
ing, personnel management and the system of recruitment and placement of people
after National Service training.

Guyana, he added, was also interested in commercialisation of projects so that
they were self-supporting and in crop processing and marketing.

He said Guyana had a regular system of sending its people to the Kivukoni Party
Ideological College in Dar es Salaam, but it would be the first time to exchange
visits at the National Service level.

The Guyanese delegation left yesterday morning for Zambia.

68



Now, when someone comes, sent by the South Africans, to talk to our people,

our people simply don't listen to him. It is true that sometimes we see people
gathering around the armed bands--a "wall of protection" for the armed bands.
This "wall" is possible because, when the armed bands reach a village, they burn
everything, destroy everything, kill children and force the terrified people to
join them, but when our forces manage to liberate these people, they rejoice.

I myself have taken part in these actions, more than once, and I saw how it was.
I was very reassured. Because I have taken part in this action, I can say with
more conviction, to a reporter like yourself, that we have no opposition in
Mozambique.

As for the international impact of the armed bands, I have also spoken with many
diplomats accredited. herein Mozambique and even. diplomats in other countries,
and Ithink the world understands very well that these are armed bands, and the
world does not approve of any of the actions of the armed bands.

The world has already understood that these individuals are manipulated by South
Africa, and it clearly sees the South African hand and its command over these
armed bandits, who have no prospects at all. The Mozambican. people know this
and they cannot go along with the propositions of the RNM. This is the impact
that the armed bands have abroad, as well. The whole world knows. I just can't
understand why the reporters cover them.

[Question] Perhaps because the RNM has the power to reach the media.

[Answer] Yes, but even the reporters know what they are. This access
to the foreign préss comes through South Africa, through representatives
who are not even Mozambican.

No Interference in Chad
[Question] What is Mozambique's position on the civil war in Chad?

[Answer] We think it would be appropriate to let the Chadian people solve the prob-
lem, without any foreign interference or intervention. Any part in solving the
Chadian problem should bein terms of encouraging the parties involved to negotiate
a solution, to sit down at the table and discuss it. The efforts made in the
past, in Lagos, should be continued through the OAU, but always in the. sense

of sitting down at the table and arriving at a foundation for national unity.

[Question] Minister, when you talk about foreign interference, are you also
referring to Qadhafi's forces, the Libyan forces? 7

[Answer] I am referring to all the African and extra-African forces. We do not
legitimize governments. This is the prerogative of the Chadian people, and this
is why it is necessary that the conditions be there for the Chadian people to
speak their minds about what their legitimate government is.

6362
CSO: 3442/84

50



Well and good, but perhaps we should turn again to the constitution to explain
our affinity with certain countries that are select, in terms of cooperation.

In the constitution, we speak of "solidarity" with the socialist countries, but
this does not make the difference. We are a socialist country; our solidarity
with socialist countries is logical. Moreover, during our struggle for liberation,
we had the solidarity of smwialist countries--this was not cooperation, but solid-
arity with our cause. Our cause is the constructio of socialism, and today we
are united in solidarity with the countries which were united with us in our
struggle. Even beforewe categorically defined--as we did in our Third Party
Congress--the pbuilding of socialism as our foremost objective, we were already
speaking of our solidarity with the socialist countries. However,this does not
enter into the definition of priorities with regard to cooperation, In that area,
we are open to cooperation with any country in the world, wittin the principles

established in our constitution.

Nonalignment Does Not Mean Equidistance

[Question] Putting the question from another angle: given the Mozambican policy
of nonalignment, are Mozambique's bilateral relations with the United States of
America and the Soviet Union on an equal footing?

[Answer] Our view of nonalignment is perhaps different from that of the Western
countries, particularly Western countries which are not members of the nonaligned
movement. To us, nonalignment does not mean equidistance between social systems
of economic development. We are socialists, in solidarity with other socialist
countries--and with the Soviet Union to that extent--but not with the United
States of America. We can, certainly, cooperate with the United States. Non-
alignment has nothing to do with bilateral relations; it has to do with our posi-
tion on issues of security, of war and peace. We are not going to have foreign
military bases in Mozambique.

[Question] Not even Soviet...?

[Answer] Not Soviet and not U.S. bases. Because we are nonaligned. This is the
meaning of nonalignment. But we cooperate with the United States and the Soviet
Union in any area that doesnot clash with this principle of nonalignment. It
must be clearly understood what nonalignment is. Nonalignment is not neutrality
in matter of politics and systems of economic development, nor is it a middle
road between socialism and capitalism.

Mozambique Threatened and Unprotected

[Question] Mr Minister, how do you rate Mozambique's status in the balance of
forces in the southern African conflict?

[Answer] Mozambique is constantly threatened. It is constantly attacked in various
ways. This is an undeclared with with South Africa. But Mozambique is constantly
threatened with even greater aggression: that of occupation. We need only listen
to the most recent statements of South African Defense Minister Magnus Milan, who

is already interested in knowing the military budgets of the countries, who is
already talkingabout opening a new front (he considers the front in Angola as

the "first" front), which means Mozambique. Proof of this is the concentration

of South African troops on our border, the division of Transvaal Province into

48



cso

3400/453

for more planes (MiG2Is and Mi8
helicopters) and for TS4 and T55 tanks
when he visited Moscow in mid-1982. But
the shopping list is not confined to
Moscow, though there are some 1,000
military and security advisers from socialist
allies in Mozambique at the moment. On
his recent trip to Europe, Machel found
both Yugoslavia and France indicating their
willingness to help. France in particular is
important as Machel would like Alouette
111s, which are very versatile anti-guerrilla
weapons which can be used either as troop
transports or as helicopter gunships. Other
vital aspects of anti-guerrilla operations are
ground mobility and communications.
Mozambique is getting radios and land
rovers from Britain.

It all adds up to the need for a substantial
and comprehensive package with which to
carry out the more flexible strategy needed
to cope with the twin threats of South
Africa and the MNR. So a highly mobile and
politicised army is needed, backed up by
local militia, to deal with guerrilla attacks
but which still has sufficient fire-power to
deter any invasion by conventional South
African forces.

With the purges and restructuring of the
armed forces some progress has been made.
But as President Machel knows, there is a
long way to go; and with incursions so
popular these days, he may not get the time
Mozambique needs @

54



MOZAMBIQUE

NEW FISH MARKETING PLAN IN BEIRA

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Nov 83 p’ 10

[Text] With a view to improving the fish supply in Beira, a new marketing system
was recently introduced in that city, which will enable the fishermen to market
their product without the intervention of any middlemen. As DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE
learned from Domingos Mostico, responsible for the fishing sector in the Provincial
Directorate of Industry and Energy, the new marketing system will prevent the

fish from being channeled into the black market.

In the new system, the fisherman is responsible for vending his product to the
consumers. This will serve as an incentive for increased production, inasmuch
as the fisherman's work will not serve to enrich third parties before his product
reaches the market.

Of the 22 markets to benefit from the new marketing system, 4 are located in

the urban zone and deal directly with the fishermen who are located there, accord-
ing to their capacity to supply the public. Domingos Mostico told DIARIO DE
MOCAMBIQUE that the larger producers are placed in districts where they regularly
supply fish to the residents, who keep watch to see that there are no divetsions
to the speculators.

Mostico added that supervision of the fish marketing process begins in the fishing
zone, where the fisherman is given a scale to weigh his product. He is given

a pass which indicates the amount of fish he is taking to his assigned district
for sale. The markets which receive the fish verify the amount indicated on

the transit pass before the fish goes on sale. There is a schedule for retail
fish prices for the city of Beira.

The fish are sold in the markets by private and small-scale fishermen... With

the new vending system, there has been less speculation in the product, although
the system of direct barter (product for product) still persists in some, cases.

6362
CSO: 3442/86

58



[Answer] I do not believe this issue is related in any way to principles for
relations between the two countries and the two peoples. If there are prisoners,
it is because they committed irregularities which led to their arrest. So we
feel this is not an issue that should weigh in the assessment of the interests
and of improved relations between the two countries. .

There are Portuguese in prison in Mozambique, just as there are Mozambican prisoners,
Tanzanian prisoners and prisoners of other nationalities. What we do here is

to apply justice, and I believe it would be in Portugal's interest to see that

this justice is applied, and not to resent the fact that there are Portuguese

in prison here. All people receive equal treatment here.

There are things that could be done; for example, we could deport these individuals.
Many people have already argued that this is the correct treatment for those who
have committed misdemeanors or crimes. But we feel this is discriminatory. It
would be discrimination to treat Portuguese prisoners differently. We must apply
justice. If the punishment is deportation, then deport. If there is some irre~
guarity in the individual's status, because the issue isnot clear, we could also
opt for deportation, as a compromise. Frankly, however, I think that any treatment
which is not based on the application of justice is really, in itself, discrimina-
tory. But these questions are debatable.

To answer your question more precisely, I do not think this issue is a problem
in terms of relations between the two countries, because "Portuguese prisoners"
is not applicable as a general expression. What does "Portuguese prisoners"
mean? It means that someone was a thief, another one raped...

[Question] There are, in fact, various typeof prisoners, aren't there?

[Answer] There are various types of Portuguese prisoners, just as there are
various types of Mozambican prisoners. What kind of treatment do the Mozambican
prisoners receive? There is not just one treatment. It is the same thing with
the Portuguese prisoners. They are in prison, as I said, because they have
committed robberies or crimes of violence, or because they are in Mozambique
illegally, or because they were speculators or black marketeers,

Case by Case

[Question] What is the answer for the Portuguese prisoners who were picked up
in Operation Production or who are accused of residing illegally in Mozambique?

[Answer] Well, I don't know the answer in these cases. It is not a matter of
a group ofPortuguese prisoners, but of individuals who have violated various
laws. The principle we apply is to take them case by case and to arrive at the
correct ruling. It is also a question of what is in the best interest of the
arrested individual: to legalize his situation, serve his sentence and then go
on with his life in this country, or to be deported. It can also happen that
the Mozambican state finds it suitable to expel this individual, or it can hap-
pen that the Portuguese Government insists that we deport the Portuguese who

is being held, and that this may not be the best thing for the individual. All
these questions must be taken into consideration and the issues settled case by
case. This is the way we proceed. ‘

46



National unity, nationalism, Africanism, active nonalignment--these are the
main guidelines for Mozambique's domestic and foreign policy which will be
explained in Portugal by Samora Machel's team.

“West Is about to ‘Mozambicanize Itself'"

"Tt is not Mozambique that is about to become 'Westernized' but rather the
West which is about to become ‘'Mozambicanizedy" 0 JORNAL was told by the infor-
mation minister and secretary of the FRELIMO Central Committee.

Today, Mozambicans as a matter of fact have much better relations with Western
countries than they had several years ago. However, undeniable pride in
national independence, in nonalignment, in nationalism, and in Africa has
caused them not to admit “officially" what practice is about to demonstrate.
Mozambique is explaining itself to the West because it wants to open itself

up.

And the results are already visible, they are valid even in terms of the con
versations which the Mozambican authorities are now going to have in Portugal.
The United States at this time is greatly stepping up cooperation with Mozam-
bique; the United States has opted for an intelligent form of “being” in
southern Africa.

Washington Understands the “Miracle”

When the Americars recently asked the Mozambicans how they managed to survive
recent years, Mozambique replied; With the support of the Soviet Union which
supplies cereal crops, weapons, and automotive vehicles.

The blunt and clear attitude of the Mozambicans persuaded the Americans;
Washington understands the Mozambican “miracle"; it understands that Mozambique
“only" wants to be Mozambique, that the Soviets are not a “big threat" in

a country that guards its independence so jealously, in a country that is so
nationalist and so Africanist (options regarding which communists in both

West and East obviously do not feel at ease).

United States Points to “Destabilization of Pretoria"

Early this year, in its “African Report,“ the United States State Department
for the first time talked about destabilization by South Africa in southern
Africa and from then on the term “destabilization,” applied to the “apartheid"
regime, has been used in stories and reports in the magazines THE ECONOMIST

and NEWSWEEK,

During the tough period of national construction and destabilization by

South Africa, Mozambique is facing a tremendous obstacle to the country's

economic growth: Another stage that must be overcome with the sacrifice of
the people.

"South Africa is our strategic enemy," we were told by Jose Luis Cabaco.
“The armed bands (RNM) are the tactical enemy; the more dangerous one is the
strategic enemy. We may have war at any moment."

18



The People's Republic of Mozambique covers an area of 783,030 square kilo-
meters. It extends for a distance of 2,504 kilometers along the Indian
Ocean and shares its international boundary with the following countries:
Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Swaziland. The popula-
tion of close to 10 million inhabitants makes for a population density of

12 inhabitants per square kilometer.

It is estimated that 43 percent of the population are under the age of 14;
54 percent are between the ages of 15 and 64; only 3 percent are over the
age of 65 which leads to the conclusion that this is a young population.
However, the life expectancy does not exceed 46 years.

Balance of Trade between the People's Republic of Mozambique and Portugal

(1,000 contos)

1980 1981 1982(1) 1983(2)
Exports 1,100.7 1,033.6 1,122.5 448.7
Imports 1,860.0 2,065.9 5,391.7 3,081.3
Balance 759.3 1,032.3 4,269.2 2,632.6
Coverage rate (%) 59.2 50.0 20.8 14.6

Source: Foreign Trade Statistics, INE [National Statistics Institute]; (1) Pro-
visional figures; (2) Figures as of the first half of 1983.

In 1976, after the departure of non-African medical personnel, the country
had 100 doctors (in other words, one doctor for every 90,000 inhabitants)
and 989 hospitals with 13,102 beds (one bed for every 549 inhabitants). The
National Health Service was created to correct this situation; it had the
cooperation of European and Tanzanian personnel who emphasized mostly pre-
ventive medicine and the fight against the big endemic disease, such as
tuberculosis, intestinal infections, pneumonia, measles, and hepatitis.
Between 1977 and 1982, national expenditures on health grew 61 percent, in
other words, an average annual increase on the order of 10 percent, which is
quite significant.

Regarding education, the illiteracy rate among the population over the age of
7 dropped from 93 percent in 1975 to 73 percent in 1980. Current education
expenditures account for about 20 percent of the government budget.

In 1978, the per-capita GNP was $140, putting the country in 88th place
worldwide.

Dependent Economy

The agricultural sector is the basis of the Mozambican economy, It suffices
to say that 67 percent of the active population are involved in agriculture
and that almost all exports consist of farm products, However, taking the
year 1970 as a base year with 100, the farm output index in 1978 was only

92; this is proof of the difficulties which this sector has heen experiencing
in the last decade,

36



SIDO CHAIRMAN PRAISES SWEDEN FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 16 Dec 83 p3

(Excerpt) of it should be deployed in the

SWEDEN has’been praised for __ small industries sector he said.
tats technical assistance which has
. enabled ‘Tanzania to spread
‘small industries.
“’ Presenting certificates on
‘Wednesday to 34 staff who have
yserved for ten years, SIDO's
chairman, Ndugu - Chrisant
, Mzindakaya said had it not been
‘for Sweden's . aid, the
organisation would .not have
reached the present success.
. Tespect accorded to
‘SIDO‘by the Swedish experts is
| Mever seen in any other sector in
the country. We have. been able
to manufacture a number of
products because of this co-
operation”, Ndugu Mzindakaya
- Sait

Ndu Mzindakaya - also
prai: workers for their
efficiency in the past decade,
which he attributed it to proper
planning and staff posting.

He said that as from now
incentives would be given to
workers in order to maintain the
efficiency with which the
corporation had taken off. ten
years a *

Pr etident workers ‘would be
3 rewarded. For example. he said
‘Sweden and = Japan gave
incentives to promote efficiency
in their industries.

“sNdu ‘Mzindakaya said
‘authorities should “have a
broader view of the concept of
the human resources
development programme.

He pointed ‘out that it would
be ‘unfair to concentrate the
:dabour force on agriculture. Part

CsO: 3400/454 67

TANZANIA



SIDO Chairman Praises Sweden for Technical Assistance
(DAILY NEWS, 16 Dec 83) ..cscecceccccccvececeseces

National, Guyana National Service Agree on Exchange
Program
(Willie Chiwango; DAILY NEWS, 15 Dec 83)...eeeee-

Minister Official Says NUWA To Start Officially Next Month
(DAILY NEWS, 19 Dec 83) ecesececcccccccccvcccecces

Party To Probe 'Malpractices' in NASACO, BIT, NDC
(Attilio Tagalile; DATLY NEWS, 16 Dec 83)..eeeese

Chinese Team Says Enough Local Wood Available To Build
Party HQ
(DAILY NEWS, 20 Dec 83)..ccccseccccvcccccccccvece

First Consignment of Tires, Tubes Needed To Transport
Fertilizer Arrives
(DAILY NEWS, 20 Dec 83) .cecccccvcccccccccccecvece

UPPER VOLTA

ZAMBIA

Sankara Discusses Aims of Revolution
(Thomas Sankara Interview; AFRICA NOW, No 32,

Dec 83) eececccccccccccccccscccccvcccccccsesessecs

Two Agreements Signed With Japanese Government
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 17 Dec 83)...cecccceccccecccecs

Recent Price Increases on Essential Products Condemned
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 20-22 Dec 83)sscsecvecscecccoes

Shapi's Condemnation
CPAZ Seminar's Condemnation
ZCTU Chairman's Statement

Mobil Oil Given Foreign Exchange To Import South African
LPG Tanks
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 16 Dec 83)..scececcccscccccvcces

ZSC To Obtain Sugar Self-Sufficiency Until 1990
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 22 Dec 83)...sececessccccccesece

ZCTU Expresses Concern About Second Price Increase in One
Year
(SUNDAY TIMES, 18 Dec 83) ..cccccccccsccccccccscvce

67

68

70

71

72

73

74

76

77

81

82

83



MINISTRY OFFICIAL SAYS NUWA TO START OFFICIALLY NEXT MONTH

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 19 Dec 83 p 1

{Excerpt ]

cso:

3400/454

THE Natiohal Urban Water
Authority (NUWA) will of.
ficially take off next month,
the Principal Secretary in the
Ministry of Water and
Energy, Ndutu Athumani
Janguo has said.

Ndugu’ Janguo disclosed
this when. he was addressing
Dar es Salaam Water Cor-
poration Sole ‘workers from
Mtoni, Temeke, Pugu Road,
Magomeni, Mala, Kinondoni,
Kawe and Gerezani centres at
a meeting held in Dar es
Salaam at the weekend.

He said the Authority's
takeoff had been delayed
because of shortage of funds
and other technicalities which
required, among other things,
the dissolution of the Dar es
Salaam Water Corporation
Sole.

Following the launching of
NUWA, some workers would
be transferred to the new
Authority while others will be
seni back to the Ministry, he
explained.

He said the World Bank
had agreed to assist the
Authority in its initial stages
and would be sending three
experts tobe attached to the
Authority. .

The Authority, which
would start operating in Dar
es Salaam region first, would

later spread and move to
other. regional headquarter:
in the country, he said. .

NUWA was established
through an Act of Parliament
last year- in order. to co-
ordinate short and long-term
urban development program.
mes with the objective of
solving water problems in ur-

‘.ban areas.

70

Some of the problems which
have been afflicting smooth
water supply. in urban areas
include cumbersome
procurement procedures
resulting in unnecessary shor -
‘tage of spares and equipment
for water pumping stations.

Others are severe shortage
of trained water engineers
and absence of proper
budgeting for urban water
supplies in relation to
requirements for basic
operation and maintenance.

TANZANIA


He reaffirmed his country's commitment in the liberation struggle in South
Africa and Namibia.

"We (Guyana and Tanzania) are free, but we still have brothers and sisters in
this part of the Continent who are still under the colonial yoke. We still
have to help them in the struggle".

Col. Singh drew applause when he said: "This is not a farewell. It may be a
goodbye, but we shall see you later either in South Africa or Nambia".

CSO: 3400/454

69



CHINESE TEAM SAYS ENOUGH LOCAL WOOD AVAILABLE TO BUILD PARTY HQ

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 20 Dec 83 p 3

{Text ]

cso

3400/454

CHINESE designers of the
proposed Party headquarters
complex said yesterday that
there is enough local wood, to
meet the requirements of the
Project. :

e leader of the team,
Ndugu .Lin dian Ping told
reporters in Liwale town after
meeting the CCM Secretary
General,. Ndugu- Rashidi
Kawawa, that there was
enough hard and soft wood in
southern Tanzania’ for the
construction of the complex,
Shihata reported.

The wood would be used to
make ‘doors, windows and
floor, he said.

There would be no need for
importing marble, gravel and
other’ “decorating materials”,
Ndugu Lin said.

The experts have visited
Mwanza, Arusha, Mtwara
and Lindi regions, where they

72

identified raw materials
suitable for the project. They

are also studying Tanzania’s

culture.

Ndugu Lin said the experts
were studying culture to be
able to design a complex that
“reflects the culture of the en-
tire nation.”

He said handicrafts made
in Mtwara Region would be
useful decorations for the in-
side part of the complex. They
also found suitable marble’ in
Ndanda area.

The second phase of
designing the complex to
house Party head office and
parliament building had star-
ted, he said.

The project’ is estimatéd to
cost 600 million/-.. Work ‘is
scheduled to start after the
next five years,

TANZANIA


Chekhov Unknown Here

Unango keeps growing. Unango will be “the city of the future," The founda-
tions have already been laid. On land attached to the agricultural enterprise,
they are already surveying roads and highways, a hospital, and a school; 20
houses will be ready by December.

The day is not long enough in Unango. It passes quickly, When I arrived in
Lichinga, it was already night. I had dinner in the hotel and in the evening
I went to the movies. I watched “Story of an Unknown," a rather bearable
adaptation of a novel by Chekhov.

Behind me I heard Mozambicans whisper. One of them said to the other: "It
would have been better if we had stayed in the lobby and listened to music."

In front of me, there were cooperants who spoke a Slavic language and applauded
at the end of the movie.

When I arrived back at the hotel, the light was out. I went to bed by the
light of a candle, without any water in the bathroom,

The next morning there was another trip through the effervescence of Niassa.
I got into the "Land Rover" with a buddy from Radio Mozambique who was to
interview farm officials. We went to Matama, a state production unit, riding
on a long red-earth trail.

Corn, beans, potatoes, wheat, sunflower, garden vegetables, soybeans, and
bananas are the enterprise's main products. In the field, workers could be
seen picking sheaves of corn, Near a granary, a group was eating roasted
corn and another one was preparing lunch, with corn flour, cassava, and wheat
bread.

Passing an oven, I saw huge loaves of cheese that were to be smoked. I
purchased five and ate two. I offered the others to the “Land Rover" driver.

Matama is one of the biggest agricultural enterprises in Niassa. It employs
1,200 workers and has now received more than 600 former unproductive indivi-
duals, including 60.women.

"I Never Had Any Work and I Never Liked Work"

The women, former unproductive individuals, seem more sincere than the men.
I talked to some of them who did not hide their situation in Maput.

Ricardina Augusta, 25, single, said: "I did not work in Maputo, I did nothing.
I lived in my brother's home. I did nothing. I was picked up in my house.

My husband was working. (Husband? 'Yes, husband, spouse, but not really
official') and I stayed there. I have a daughter who also stayed there with
my mother, But I am not happy to be here. Nothing...they have put me here

to sift corn, something which I have never done before. How much do I make?

I do not know, I have not yet begun to draw any pay."

29



MOZAMBIQUE

LISBON SPECIAL REPORT ON COUNTRY’S ECONOMIC, POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

Information Minister Speaks Up
Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 7 Oct 83"Especial/Mocambique" Suppl. pp II-III

[Text] "We are going to explain Mozambique in Portugual,"
© JORNAL was told by one of the members of the Mozambican
government making up the party of President Samora Machel
who is due to arrive in Lisbon today, Friday. Explaining
Mozambique means explaining the “miracle of survival of a
great country struck by serious adversity; explaining what
the Westerners do not understand; explaining also that, at
last, Washington must realize who the Mozambicans are and
what they want and that cooperation with the United States
is about to increase significantly."

Samora Machel: comes to Europe and, in particular, to Portugal, (the longest
stay of his European trip) with Mozambique's biggest government delegation.

The predominance of the ministries of economic affairs, of finances, and of
the board of governors of the Bank of Mozambique, among the members of the
Mozambican executive team who are coming to Lisbon with President Samora
Machel, is in line with the vital concerns on the part of the visitor as re-
gards talks with Portuguese authorities.

Mozambican National Resistance Means Death Penalty and Corporal Punishment

Beyond economic and financial cooperation, Mozambique also, once again, brings
to Portugal its concern with the defense of its territorial integrity: Elimin-
ating hunger among the Mozambicans and improving the defensive and military
capacity--these are the two major concerns of authorities in Maputo.

Economic and military cooperation, however, as well as Portuguese financing
in Mozambique will not be discussed in great detail in Lisbon. Samora Machel
and his administration are more interested at this time to make sure that the
Portuguese will understand with whom they are about to cooperate, that Presi-
dent Eanes and the executive branch under Mario Soares understand some of the
problems and attitudes of Mozambique which the Westerners generally view
through different eyes: For example, "Mozambican national resistance,"

the death penalty, public corporal punishment, and "operation production."

15



government documents, in our official position papers, we do not identify
imperialism with the United States of America."

"Let Them Let Us Live Our Life"

In spite of obvious solidarity with the socialist countries and especially
with the Eastern European countries, the Marxist-Leninist government of
Mozambique is pursuing an effectively nonaligned practice in terms of security
and world peace.

The objective and impartial treatment with which the Mozambican media reported
the case of the South Korean aircraft that was shot down by Soviet fighter
planes has been receiving positive comments in diplomatic circles in Maputo.

Prakash Ratilal, governor of the Bank of Mozambique, on board the comfortable
DC-10 of the Mozambique Airlines, flying to Paris, from where he will con-
tinue to Washington, on the eve of returning to Portugal with President
Samora Machel, - told us:

“They asked us whether we wanted to adopt a position on the case of the downed
aircraft. We had nothing to do with the case: Some say that it is the fault
of the others and viceversa. What can we do? Let them let us live our life.
Our problem is. South Africa."

Jose Luis Cabaco: “FRELIMO Does Not Have Monolithic Leadership"

Major disagreements have become known between President Samora Machel and
Defense Minister Armando Guebuza regarding aspects of security and military
cooperation.

The: *.. current governor of the Province of Niassa,Sergio Vieira, and
Armando Guebuza--both of whom are military men--have been seen by the foreign
press in Mozambique as being members of the so-called "hard line" in FRELIMO.

“Are there ‘lines' in FRELIMO?" we asked the information minister and secretary
of the party's Central Committee in an informal conversation.

“FRELIMO does not have a monolithic leadership," said Jose Luis Cabaco.

“The majority of the leaders have already made individual decisions and some
of them may even have been wrong. But that does not mean that there are
‘lines,’ as an expression of organized tendencies."

In general, foreign journalists are accustomed to detect in FRELIMO a "sensi-
tivity" which is more nationalist-Africanist (Samora Machel, Joaquim Chissano)
and another one which is said to be pro-Soviet (Armando Guebuza, Sergio
Vieira).

However, for quite a few newspapers that concentrate on the strongest per-
sonalities in FRELIMO, there are still contradictions in the definition of
these “lines” or “sensitivities.” For example, Sergio Vieira, whom many
people consider to he pro-Soviet, seems to us to he much more pro-Ho~Chi-Minh.
and Maoist by virtue of his remarks (please read interview with 0 JORNAL

in this supplement).

21



administers the whipping with a kind of flexible truncheon, but only on the
lower part of the body of the citizen to be punished.

Between 15 and 20 whippings is the most customary average punishment for
speculation and black market activities; this kind of punishment can also be
accompanied by imprisonment, by a fine, or by a stint in a re-education camp
(for the more serious cases of robbery, rape, and prostitution).

The practice of public corporal punishment, as well as the removal of vagrants,
unemployed, and unproductive individuals from the big cities to the rural
areas-~especially to the province of Niassa--is about to have important con-
sequences in terms of reducing crime in urban areas.

In Maputo, you can walk the streets at any time of the day or night. It will
likewise not be easy for a foreigner to be approached by a Mozambican with the
suggestion that he exchange foreign currency on the "black market" and it will
be even more difficult to cover up cases of corruption, in spite of the fact
that black market activities have not yet been completely wiped out from daily
life in Mozambique.

"Operation Production"; A "Drastic" Measure

“Operation Production," like the whippings, was a drastic measure: Maputo and
Beira, especially, but also Tete and Nampula, found that more and more people
were coming in from the rural areas in search of an "easier" and more adven-
turous life in the cities. The situation deteriorated further due to the lack
of food, During Mozambique's worst economic year ever (this year), the solu-
tion was to produce more and more--for better or worse.

In practice, the shipment of vagrants and unproductive persons from the big
cities to the country's north, to communal villages and state farms or pro-
ducer cooperatives, also brought about political control over them; They are
being watched and “shepherded" by the local FRELIMO cells, in spite of the
fact that they can moye ahout freely in areas to which they are sent (some
do escape).

Westerners find it shocking that a man from Maputo, in the south of Mozambique,
Should be swept up by “Operation Production" because he has no work permit or
no ID card and they are shocked that he must leave his family and that he is
"deported" to the North, several thousand kilometers away.

Putting an End to Tribalism and Regionalism

In the meantime, Mozambican authorities have assured us that this domestic
movement, aboye and beyond the direct goals of increasing the output in the
unpopulated rural ares, does have major political consquences,

Here is what Minister Jose Luis Cabaco told us: "Politically speaking, ‘Opera-
tion Production' is the best practical way to eliminate tribalism and region-
alism. National unity will. be strengthened by the mixture of people, languages,
and customs, from the country's south to the north."

17



Rosa Faijiane, 19, married “but not officially," one son,: says: "In Maputo
I worked in a pastry shop but I did not have a work card. My daughter stayed
in her father's home. Since lamhere,I might as well like it. But I am home-

sick for my district near the airport."

Angelina Jorge, 17, married but “not officially" with one son: "I did not
work in Maputo, I did nothing. L-was at home. I never worked and I do not
like to work." :

As for women with “unofficial husbands, the Organization of Mozambican Women
is urging them to contract a civil marriage, to legalize the marital status,
for the defense of women, Otherwise they are often confused with "women

of easy virtue."

Homesick for the Neon Lights

These women are now beginning a new life in Niassa. Some of them are not
very much interested in returning to their "unofficial" husbands. They are
having more trouble adjusting to the absence of the city environment, the
lights, the neon signs, all the hustle and bustle, and the movies.

At the Matama state production unit, the formerly unproductive women are not
assigned any heavy work. They spend the day Sifting corn and some of them
are kept busy grinding corn for food.

The unit has been existing here since 1976. According to Agostinho Reveia,
the circle committee's (sic) secretary for ideological work, said: "The
best agricultural years‘were 1979 and 1982" but "prospects are good for this

year."

“Qur main problem," he tells me, “is the shortage of bags. This is why we
are not gathering more corn."

Chinese Work Hard

The agricultural unit has ten Chinese cooperants who work hard in the field
as agronomist-engineers and mechanics, side by side with the peasants.

A Portuguese~style church, a vestige of colonial times, a primary school, and
a health center are part of the social support facilities of the well-equipped
state production unit at Matama, From Matama I traveled along endless trails
to the communal village of Lussanhando, near Unango.

Lussanhando is a pretty and airy village with wide dirt streets where the
children play happily.

Lussanhando: Red Earth

Paulino Imede, village party cell secretary, explained to me the difference
between a “normal” village and a communal village:

30



MOZAMBIQUE

GDR ‘SOLIDARITY’ SHIP BRINGS AID TO MAPUTO
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Nov 83 p 1

[Text] The friendship and solidarity which unite the people of Mozambique and

the GDR, which date back mny years, were stressed yesterday in the ceremony

to present the donation which arrived in Maputo last Sunday, aboard the GDR's
"Ship of Solidarity" with our country. The ceremony, which took place in the
port of Maputo, was attended by Jorge Rebelo, member of the FRELIMO Party Politi-
cal Bureau, Domestic Trade Minister Aranda da Silva and Johannes Vogel, GDR :
ambassador to Mozambique, in addition to workers in this capital. The "Ship

of Solidarity" carried the donation of clothing, fabrics, shoes, dishware and
other consumer articles and products, valued at 500 million meticals.

The presentation ceremony was preceded by a performance of songs and dances
by cultural groups in thé city of Maputo, enthusiastically applauded by the
audience, which completely filled one of the large warehouses in Zone D of the
port.

The message ptesented by the people of Maputo on that occasion noted that "this
gift represents the continuation of the relations of friendship and solidarity
that have existed between our two peoples since the difficult times of the armed
struggle for national liberation." The message added thatthe people ofiMaputo
would put the donation to good use, strengthening the consumer coperatives. :

For his part, Ambassador Vogel noted that the gift is "a message of solidarity
from the people of the GDR to the people of Mozambique." He also noted the
fact that this is not the first.time the GDR has supported the RPM [People's
Republic of Mozambique] with concrete action. Every month, he said, the GDR
sends Mozambique various donations for specific use, because our "solidarity
with Mozambique is part of the daily life of the citizens of the GDR." ‘

Later, Vogel said that solidarity between the GDR and the RPM is based, first
of all, on common stands regarding the welfare of their people. This is why
the GDR internationalists are working in Mozambique in all areas of activity.
“We are attempting to implement the friendship and cooperation agreement signed
5 years ago, here in Maputo, by presidents Erich Honecker and Samora Machel,"
Vogel added.

12



PRICE COMMISSION CHAIRMAN SAYS BODY 'TOOTHLESS'

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 18 Dec 83 p 1

[Text]

Following the Govern-
ment’s decision to de-
control prices it had be-
come evident that consu-
imers were finding it
difficult to afford goods
in shops.

Dr Chivuno said this when
he addressed a Consumer Pro-
tective Association (CPA)
-seminar at the Ridgeway Cam-
pus of the University of
Zambia. . ~

He said there were con-
tradictions in Zambia’s pricing
structure in that while
companies were allowed to
hike prices of goods, the level
of incomes had remained static
because of wage controls.

“If you control wages and
‘decontrol prices then it means
that the ability that you give to
the consumer to finalise the
Process of. production is then

kept onrising. ©... .

‘It. was impoftant that after
the decontrol of prices the
consumer should ‘receive
enough income to afford the
‘price of goods. ~

The present pricing struc-
ture was in direct contradiction
of the philosophy of Huma-
-nism-which says that all activi-
ties are centred around man.
- It had in fact reduced the
capacity of workers to meet
their needs. ‘Workers were not
benefiting from ‘the -produc-
tion process at the moment.

Cso: 3400/451

‘ roles.

The ‘fixing’? of prices ‘was
‘at present outside the powers
‘of the commission and this had
led to a situation where con-
sumers were being exploited.

Not desperate

He could not understand
why a bottle of soft drinks
which retails at 35n in Lusaka
should cost 80n in Mongu.

“There we are. ‘There is
nothing that we can do because

the. prices are decontrolled. .

T believe the stage we have
reached is not desperate and I
am sure that the Party and its
Government is open to guid-
ance, proposals and: advice on
the matter.”

It.was exploitation that soap
imported from Zimbabwe at.
30n a tablet should retail at
K1.10 in Zambia.

“Although. we are toothless
as a prices and incomes com-
mission we have decided- to
make serious research into the
whole issue."*
~ Research findings would be
submitted to the Party for its
consideration. Both the Zam-
bia Federation of Employers
and the Zambia Congress of
Trade Unions had indicated
their willingness to participate
in a number of research pro-
jects into prices and incomes
policy,

The commission was relati-
vely young and it would take
some time before there were
changes in its functions and

84

ZAMBIA

Outlining the ineffectiveness
of the. commission, Dr
Chivuno told the seminar par-
ticipants that for instance
before the new hikes in the
price of soap and cooking oil
‘were announced by Indeco, it
had not been consulted,

“The nett-effect on the
economy of the runway prices
was that there ‘was “‘con-
tractual production’’. This
meant that overall production

* of the factories went down in

that goods did not move fast
‘on the market since consumers
djd not have the purchasing
power.

Dr Chivuno noted that even
capitalist countries such as the
United States had a price
control mechanism which af-
fected goods which the govern-
ment, felt were of national
importance. -~ eo

In this respect -milk “pro-

_Sucers in the US were not given

powers ‘to hike “overnight the -
price of their product he
government approval. .
Referring to the seminar, D1
Chivuno said it was an impor-
tant one and that his commis-
sion would give serious .con-
sideration ‘to its resolutions.
“The role of the Consumer

.Protective Association is riot
“only to protect its’ members,

but enhance ‘the process .of
development in the ‘nation to
ensure that the consumer par-
ticipates in the final process of
development in the country,””
said Dr Chivuno. *



TANZANIA

PARTY TO PROBE 'MALPRACTICES' IN NASACO, BIT, NDC
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 16 Dec 83 p 1
[Article by Attilio Tagalile]

(Excerpt] The Party has promised to investigate alleged malpractices in the
National Shipping Agencies Company (NASACO), the Board of Internal Trade (BIT)
and the National Development Corporation (NDC).

The promise was made by the CCM Secretary General, Ndugu Rashidi Kawawa, yes-
terday when closing a four-month special course at the Kivukoni CCM Ideologi-
cal College in Dar es Salaam.

Ndugu Kawawa was responding to recommendations made by the 103 graduands who
charged that some unscrupulous leaders in NASACO and BIT misused public funds,
and property.

Turning to the NDC, the graduands said they were shocked by the Corporation's
leaders who they. alleged were working out schemes aimed at selling NDC's sub-
sidiary company, the Tanzania Crown Corks, to capitalists.

Calling on the Party to take necessary steps to arrest the situation in the
three public institutions, the graduands noted that it was unfortunate that
such schemes were taking place at a time when all efforts should be geared to-
ward strengthening public institutions.

The Secretary General promised that the Party would institute investigations
into the issue. "You have made serious statements which must be supported by
evidence", he said.

CSO: 3400/454

71



MOZAMBIQUE

DATA PROCESSING CENTER TRAINING PROGRAM

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 29 Nov 83 p 3
[Article by Marcelino Silva]

[Text] The training goal of the Data Processing Center [CPD]
is the continuing. improvement of the professional and
technical level of its workers, so their services will

will meet the demands imposed by the needs of its users

and of the CPD itself. To this end, a training program was
initiated, geared to the CPD's technical and personnel

needs, we learned from Mario Rui, general director of the
CPD.

The Data Processing Center, better known by the initials CPD, is an organization
whose primary function is the collection, processing, treatment and analysis

of data, through computerized systems. Some of its attention is turned to sup=
porting other sectors of activity.

Created about 5 years ago, the CPD saw an urgent need to begin to train basic,
intermediate and high-level personnel, not only on the basis of specific training
programs but training directed toward meeting immediate needs. Although there
was a shortage of instructors and material resources at that time, the program
still went forward, and with satisfactory results.

30 Courses

In the 5 years the CPD has been in existence, there have been 30 courses, in
which 300 basic level, 50 mid-level and 20 high-level cadres were trained.

According to the director, all the workers employed by the CPD were locally
trained.’

Describing the nature of the courses and training levels, our interviewee said
that the basic level includes the categories of operators who record data of
various types, according to the equipment, and data processors. The medium
level includes the specific areas of computer programming and operations, and
the highest level covers the areas of systems analysis, planning and design,
as well as various operational systems.

56



EQUATORIAL GUINEA

RELATIONS WITH SPAIN ON VERGE OF COLLAPSE
Madrid ABC in Spanish 25 Nov 83 p 13
[Article by Alberto Miguez]

[Text] There is not one red cent in the 1984
budgets. The relations between Spain and Equatorial
Guinea are "on the verge of collapse" and Spanish
cooperation with the ex-colony is going through a
most unusual and difficult phase. Meanwhile, within
the precincts of government, there are two opposing
tendencies on the future of our presence in those
lands and the means of keeping up cooperation with
the former colony.

For several months the Spanish cooperators that are in that country have
not been paid. Their living conditions have been reduced to prehistoric
levels: for many of them, manioc, snails and muskrat have become their
daily diet. Two physicians of the INSALUD had to be repatriated recently
due to anemia. The stocks of the only supermarket devoted to our coopera-
tors are almost exhausted, There is a shortage of antimalarial medicines
and to get a kilo of meat requires taking a shotgun and going after some-
thing that moves, This is what had to be done by a delegation from the
Bank of Spain that moved to Malabo to evaluate the amount of the Spanish
debt.

Desperate Situation

The Ministry of Finance halted delivery of funds for cooperation with
Equatorial Guinea after cutting them from 1.6 billion pesetas to 1 billion.
The living conditions of our cooperators are unspeakable. This was also
true until a short time ago of the living conditions of the 150 scholarship
holders from Equatorial Guinea residing in Spain, whose scholarships had
not been paid for months and who ‘had to organize several demonstrations

to assert their claims,

A series of very costly Spanish projects have been processed under
conditions verging on scandal. For instance, the fuel tank for the port
of Luba (formerly San Carlos), essential for the hypothetical presence of



"Get Yourself Another Woman in the New Place"

I met several former unproductive individuals in the fields of the Unango
farm cooperative as they were building their own homes with lumber and straw.

Silvestre Josini, 28 years old, told me: “I have a wife and three sons. I
was working on the railroad in Maputo. I had a statement from the manager to
the effect that I was a good worker. But that was all. I was waiting for
my travel permit in the district of Mavalane, in Maputo, when the patrol
car arrived suddenly and I was put in it. I asked them to let them give my
wife a check for 3,000 meticals but they would not let me do that. After I
got into the wagon, I asked an officer: ‘Where are we going? And what about
my wife?' And he replied: ‘Find yourself another woman in the place where
you are going.’ Well, I was headed for the prison in Machava. I was there
for almost a week. And then they brought me here where I am working as a
carpenter, building our homes. In Maputo I worked with containers on the
railroad. In the district of Mavalane I had a house with two bedrooms and
a living room and I had a chicken coop in the back, I left my wife 6 months
pregnant. I am bored stiff. And all I was doing was waiting for my travel
permit."

Generally speaking, during this initial phase, the unproductive individuals
picked up by "Operation Production" do not feel happy in Niassa. I talked
with several of them and none of them admitted that they had not been doing any
work in Maputo.

Arnaldo Vilanculos, 37 years old, married, with two children, told me: "I was
a fisherman in Maputo. I had no travel permit and no license. Most of the
fishermen were self-employed.. I do not know why I was brought here, All TI
know is that I would gladly return to Maputo."

Raul Macoa, an old FRELIMO fightingman, member of the farm cooperative's
management and security chief for Unango,told me; “We ask all former unpro-
ductive individuals to tell us about their cases so as to correct any instances
of injustice. But not even 100 out of the 250 have done so. And among those
who responded, some said that they were busy, working, while others simply do
not reply. . There is a certain degree of confusion. Somebody from the Ministry
of Justice should come here soon to analyze those cases, There are former
unproductive individuals who do not even want to go back. They tell me:

"But what would I do in Maputo? How could I get along, eating just once a
week? Here we eat every day.‘

No Hunger

There is no hunger in Unango. The farm cooperative is producing corn, beans,
almonds (as an experiment), kale, potatoes, onions, tomatoes, cabbage, and
lettuce.

The cooperative already has two irrigation dams, one of which was built in

15 days during the Fourth FRELIMO Congress this year with a capacity of 250,000
cubic meters of water. The other dam willbe for fish farming.

27



cso:

3400/446

donors are Italy (for traditional reasons)
and West Germany. The Italians are
assisting banana development. There is in
any case an Italian community of about
5,000 and the Italians have the largest share
of business and commercial investment. .
The West German aid programme — dating
from the successful Somali handling of the
Lufthansa hijack five years ago — now runs
at DM80m a year.

But it is American aid which has come to
set the pace. The us returned to Somalia in
1978. This year their aid is running at $50m
and is scheduled to increase to a rate of
$70m in 1984 while currently $120m worth
of projects are underway.

An ideological argument about the
merits of aid centres upon the proposed
Bardera Dam on the Juba. The government
wants it. The cost, which only aid could
finance, is currently estimated at between
$630m and $800m but by the time the
project goes forward it will almost certainly
have escalated. Some money has been
pledged but in the present economic climate
it seems unlikely that the dam can be started
for some time.

It raises fundamental issues about
development. The dam is designed to bring
more than 200,000 hectares of land under
irrigation and cultivation. But it will require
continuing inputs (for many years) of spare
parts, machinery and fertiliser which will
have to be paid for in foreign exchange, as
well as the almost certain need for a large
contingent of foreign experts. It is
debatable whether that would be the best
form of development for an economy as
small as Somalia's.

Somalia faces many difficulties especially
those of poor infrastructure and lack of
skilled people at almost all levels. There is
very little available data about the economy
and yet, almost certainly, the country is
better off than Western-type UN indicators
of GNP per head would suggest. The
nomads are economically healthy while it is
virtually impossible to assess their standard
of living. At present they sustain the
economy @

63



Except for Farah, formerly chairman of the Party's foreign relations committee,
who died on July 20, 1983, they are all believed to be held in solitary con-
finement in Labatan Jirow maximum security prison near Baidowa.

The cause of Farah's death is not known and the Somali Government has made no
statement on it. He suffered from diabetes and high blood pressure and was
receiving treatment before he was detained. At the time of his arrest he
was receiving medical treatment at the Medina hospital in Mogadishu. It is
reported that security forces arrested him at the hospital. The body was
returned to his family and his funeral reportedly took place in Mogadishu.

According to the human rights organisation Amnesty International, most politi-
cal prisoners in Somalia are held in the modern maximum security prisons of
Labatan Jirow or Lanta Nur, near Afgoi. In these prisons many prisoners are
held incomunicado in long-term solitary confinement. Political prisoners are
denied visits or correspondence with their families, who often have no informa-
tion about their whereabouts or condition.

Some prisoners are held for long periods in small cells without light, or in
cells permanently lit with artifical light. Several prisoners held under

these conditions are alleged to have become mentally unbalanced or to have suf-
fered other severe medical complaints, particularly related to eyesight, hear-
ing or blood pressure. Prison diet is poor and medical attention inadequate,
according to Amnesty International.

CSO: 3400/446

65



TANZANIA

ZCCM TO SHIP ALMOST ELGHTY PERCENT OF EXPORTS THROUGH DAR ES SALAAM
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 22 Dec 83 p 1

[Article by John Waluye]

[Text]

THE Zambia Consolidated
Copper Mines (ZCCM) will
from next month ship
almost 80 per cent of an-
ticipated metal ‘exports
from Zambia through the
Dar es Salaam Port, it has
been learnt. .

The decision was
reached at a one-day
meeting of the Zambia-
Tanzania Transport Coor-

dinating Committee held .

at the Bahari Beach Hotel
in Dar es Salaam on
Tuesday.

The ZCCM will now

allocate an average of 38,000)

tonnes of copper per month,
the General Manager of the
National ipping Agencies
Company (NASACO), Ndugu
Chriswell Simfukwe, who
chaired the meeting, said.

He said between September -

and November this year,
ZCCM had been shipping only
57 per cent of the. metals
through Dar es Salaam, while
the rest was routed through
the South African port of
East London.

He said ZCCM decided to
route more cargo through Dar
es Salaam Port after ob-
serving improved performance

by TAZARA, the Zambia- .
‘a

nzania Road: Services
(ZTRS) and, ‘the Tanzania
Harbours Authority.

Ndugu Simfukwe said
ZCCM had in June, this year,
shipped through the Dar es
Salaam Port 32,550 tonnes of
copper, while 20,150 tonnes
were shipped through East
London.

In July, 32,500 tonnes were,
allocated to Dar es Sallaam
Port, while East London han-
dled 21,700 tonnes of metal.
Dar es Salaam was allocated
28,000 tonnes. while 18,200
went through the South
African port.

Hauling of the metals from
Zambia to Dar es Salaam
Port by TAZARA has im-
proved following the
acquisition of.nine diesel elec-
tric locomotive engines from
West Germany, the General

cso:

3400/454

Manager said.

With the new higher motive
power, the time taken by the
trains to load up and ferry 'to
Dar es Salaam
reduced to eight days from 37
days.

newspaper quoted the
TAZARA. General. Manager,
Ndugu Charles Nyirenda, as
saying that the authority was
transporting. less: Zambian
cargo than its capacity, even
though the Zambian Govern-
ment had directed its mining
companies to export not. less
33,000 tonnes of copper. every
month through TAZARA.
He said although TAZARA
had been pressing for more
metals to rail to’ Dar eo

ort has been.

About two months ago,'this.

66

Salaam Port, the companies
had remained adamant. He
also argued that the decision

to' route the metals through . ,

South Africa was unrealistic
because it was more expensive
than. Dar es.Salaam, .



From the Mozambique Airlines “Boeing 737" I saw dense green jungle forests
covering an enormous plain, bordered by beautiful Lake Niassa,

This was the first image of fertility and serenity which stayed with me in
this vast province of Niassa where unproductive individuals and vagrants are
being shipped from the big cities.

Turning Niassa into a Model

The protocol officer and secretary of Governor Sergio Vieira was waiting
for me in Lichinga; he took me to the center of the tranquil and placid city
with its broad avenues.

Along the road leading to the city, there are signs placed in the direction
of traffic.and greeting visitors with phrases such as “turning Niassa into
an example and model in the struggle against underdevelopment."

I was put up in the Lichinga nn which had received orders to “clear out"
its patrons because of the anticipated official visit of President Samora
Machel to the province, accompanied by a delegation. But the visit did not

materialize.

The city's motion picture theater, the ABC : theater, a
big, modern building, displayed posters for the (Soviet) film being shown,
"Story of an Unknown Person."

I took a trip around the city. On the streets, there was not the slightest
vestige of trash or dirt. Not only. were there no lines in front of commercial
establishments but one could also find clothing and fabrics that were not
available in Maputo.

In a factory-made clothing store I saw khaki trousers for 1,305 and 1,610
meticals (in terms of Portuguese money, one must multiply by three), shirts
for 1,075 and 1,185 meticals, travel bags for 680 and 1,540 meticals, and

blouses for 2,517 meticals.

In a store next door, dishwasher detergent is sold at 150 meticals, clothes
brushes for 57 meticals, hair tonic for 127 meticals, “Gureu" tea from
Zambezia for 50 meticals per package, bottles of piripiri at 164, and dessert

spoons at 10 meticals.

I purchased a dessert spoon which I will find very useful to eat some fruit
preserves I had purchased in the French store in Maputo.

Only One Line for Ballpoint Pens and Magazines

The only line I saw in Lichinga was in front of the book and stationery store
of the National Institute of Books and Records for the purchase of "Bic" ball-
point pens and the magazine TEMPO which had just arrived.

The bookstore here has more books for sale than the bookstores in Maputo.
Here I found some of the “out-of-stock" works from the collection “Autores

24



ZAMBIA

TWO AGREEMENTS SIGNED WITH JAPANESE GOVERNMENT
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Dec 83 p 2

[Text] ZAMBIA and Japan have signed two agreements for a total of K5.3 million
under which Zambia will receive rice and fertiliser from Japan.

A Foreign Affairs Ministry spokesman said in Lusaka yesterday Japan would sup-
ply K2.9 million worth of rice and spend I1.1 million to airfreight it to Zambia
while fertiliser would cost K2.4 million.

The agreements were signed by outgoing Japanese ambassador to Zambia Mr Eiji
Seki and Foreign Affairs Minister Professor Lameck Goma at the ministry head-
quarters.

Japan had included for the first time fertiliser in her annual rice aid to
Zambia.

Yesterday's agreements brought to K50.9 million Japanese aid to Zambia since
1981 for the supply of rice, agricultural transport vehicles and machinery,
agricultural chemicals, construction of the paediatric surgical centre at
Lusaka's University Teaching Hospital and the school of veterinary medicine at
the University of Zambia.

From 1973, the total Japanese official loans to Zambia was K202.5 million for
projects such as road transport expansion, Zambia Railways expansion, Mass
Media Complex and the sulphuric acid plant at Nitrogen Chemicals of Zambia in
Kafue.

Other projects were a microwave network and the supply of products like fertil-
iser, railway wagons and trucks.

cs0: 3400/451

76



JOURNALIST TOURS SOUTHERN AREA, DESCRIBES MILITARY SITUATION

London AFRICA NOW in English Nov 83 pp 97-98

{Article by Richard Helmore:

[Text]

“Angola:

In May last year South African planes
bombed the town of Jamba in Huila pro-
vince, killing seven people in a residential
area and damaging both railway sidings
and the power station. All the Austrian
technicians working on the local iron min-
ing restoration project and all but the most
committed Portuguese left.

I recently spent a week in Jamba and
found the project back in full swing, with
13 Austrians and 14 Portuguese cooper-
antes helping the Angolan state iron-
mining firm Ferrangol get the mining
and treatment works back into operation
after it had been abandoned by the Por-
tuguese in 1974.

The place seemed relaxed and the
workers themselves reported a great im-
provement in security. Mine-laying and
ambushes by South African-backed
UNITA forces, common in 1981, are now
tare, Peasants who in 1981 preferred to
cultivate plots inside the town now farm
outside.

I was able to travel at will in the surroun-
ding countryside — for example to look at
the 11 km conveyor belt which will soon be
bringing iron ore from exploration sites to
the treatment plant in Jamba. Security is
undoubtedly tighter than it may appear,
and since last year’s bombardment steps
have been taken to discourage South
African planes from coming too near.
There is no complacency and the large
trenches close to both workplaces and
homes indicate an awareness of the South
African threat.

Most supplies for the Ferrangol project
and the town itself come by road from the
capital of Huila province, Lubango, 400 km
away. I made the return journey on this
road in civilian company without incident.
Numerous round holes in the road remain
from a time when the journey was not safe.
A driver who had experienced both am-

Report From the Front"]

bushes and mines in the past explained how
in recent months the situation had improv-

We were to camp out for a night in the
bush outside Lubango. After building a
fire, we roasted a goat and listened to
music till daybreak. It is unlikely that that
kind of risk would have been taken if
UNITA’s previous claim to have shot down
@ MiG in the area had any substance.

Later, on I accompanied a group of
Austrian, Portuguese and Angolan techni-
cians on the 120 km of dirt road from
Jamba to the sister iron complex at
Tchamutete. On the way, we passed
through the ruins of Cassinga. The shat-
tered and pock-marked buildings mark the
scene where in May 1978 over 600 Nami-
bian refugees were massacred by South
African troops and over a hundred taken to
Namibia where they were still being held at
Mariental.

After spending the night in Tchamutete,
a member of the company’s staff and
myself set off by jeep for Cuvelai, 70 km
further south in Cunene province, the last
town on that route in Angolan hands
before the South African-occupied zone.
The sandy track has been the target of
South African activity as recently as
August this year. Wrecked vehicles by the
roadside, many of them civilian, are
testimony to operations conducted from
the occupied zone just to the south.

There is evidence of a continuing military
build-up of South African forces within the
occupied area. Angolan military sources
affirm that South Africa is building a large
base at Ngiva, capital of Cunene province,
and that the 1,000-metre bridge over the
Cunene River is being rebuilt.

The Deputy Chief of Staff of FAPLA
(Angolan armed forces), Lt-Col Ngongo,
refers to the recent introduction into
Cunene province by the South Africans of
“three tactical groups, one in the Mupa

ANGOLA



Price Commission Chairman Says Body 'Toothless'
(SUNDAY TIMES, 18 Dec 83)..sceseseeececescccvevees

ROP Manager Defends Cooking Oil, Soap Price Increases
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 19 Dec 83)..ccccevcccceccccovecs

MFC Defends Importation of South African Cooking Oil
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 22 Dec 83)......0.

MUZ Demands Miners' Contribution Figures to NPF 1966-1973
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 17 Dec 83).cccccccccsccecececees

SENANGA Officials To Resume Relief to Famine-Stricken Areas
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 20 Dec 83).ccccecesecccccccccves

Land Dispute Causes Mob Attack on Three Villages
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 16 Dec 83).csceeccecsaccceeccees

Briefs
Netherlands Waives Interest on Loans
Tractor Spare Parts Ordered
AFC Threatens To Stop Loans

84

85

87

88

89

90

91
91
91


Maj Gen Jorge Rebelo praised the crew of the "Ship of Solidarity" which brought
the articles and products which our people need to Maputo. Congratulating the
sailors, he praised the party, government and people of the GDR, because they
sent the sailors who brought the donation.

Rebelo added that "the GDR comrades knew how to choose, from among the products
they produce, the ones which we need the most." He said that the types and
quantity of articles sent would help us solve some of the problems confronting
us.

"In thanking you for the products, we are really thanking you for your solidarity,"
Rebelo said, adding: "When we speak of this donation, we are talking about all

the help which the GDR has given us since before our independence." In a few
words, he recalled the support which the people of the GDR gave during the Mozam-
bican people's armed struggle for independence "and have continued to give follow-
ing our independence. The GDR has understood our problems and has helped to
alleviate them," he added.

Donation Will Be Distributed in Maputo

General Rebelo announced to the people of Maputo that the donation unloaded from
the "Ship of Solidarity" will be distributed in that capital, by decision of
the Mozambican chief of state.

He noted that most of the previous gifts have been sent primarily to other provinces,
adding that the quantity of products now received. "will enable us to solve some
of our problems." -

After praising Ambassador Johannes Vogel and his work in Mozambique, Rebelo
announced that the diplomat will end his mission in our country within a few
days, having worked here for about 6 years, promoting cooperation, friendship
and solidarity between our two peoples. "We very much appreciate the work which
he has done here in Mozambique," Rebelo said.

Concluding his address, the first secretary of the party in Mozambique appealed
to the residents of the capital to be on guard not to allow the speculators to
take advantage of the donated products when they are distributed. He noted that
“in the holiday atmosphere, the speculators will be out in force, and only popular
vigilance can neutralize their activity, not only vending the GDR-donated products
but all kinds of other products as well."

The GDR "solidarity ship," named "Trenntec," arrived in Maputo last Sunday,
with Capt Gerhard Gumprecht in command. '

The GDR made other important donations to our country this year, including an
important shipment worth 12 million meticals in support of the Fourth FRELIMO
Party Congress. The shipment included fabric for decorations and to make banners,
photographic paper and chemical products, among other items.

We should also mention the donation of several dozen tons of foodstuffs for

CARBOMOC [Coal Company of Mozambique] in Moatize, 17,375 eyeglass frames for
the Central Hospital of Maputo, water supply system material, cooking utensils,

13



CAPE VERDE

BRIEFS

NEW PORT OPENS--Cape Verde's biggest economic project, the $37.5m. shipyard

on Sao Vicente Island, has been formally opened by President Aristides Pereira.
It actually started operations in August, with the arrival of a ship for re-
pairs. The facilities include drydocks and installations for carrying out
repairs on floating vessels. The government hopes the new shipyard will help
to make better use of Cape Verde's strategic position on trans-Atlantic runs.
The shipyard is owned by local, Portuguese and Dutch interests. Finance

was provided by the country's central bank, the African Development Bank and
the European Investment Bank. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English 5 Dec

83 p 2833]

CSO: 3400/446



ZAMBIA

ROP MANAGER DEFENDS COOKING OIL, SOAP PRICE INCREASES
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 19 Dec 83 p 1

[Excerpt] ROP has defended the 42.2 per cent increases in the price of cooking
oil saying the product "is still cheap for the Zambian consumer".

ROP general manager Mr Constantine Chimanja said at the weekend on a special
Television Zambia interview that the company would have lost K4.6 million if
it had not raised retail prices for cooking oil and soap. .

The company, an Indeco subsidiary, last week announced that a five-litre tin
of cooking o11 would cost K14.15 from K9.85.

The move had sparked off protests from several quarters including the Zambia
Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) which has warned the Government to brace it-
self for tougher action from the labour movement. a

Speaking on Television Zambia, Mr Chimanja said the increased were justified
in that ROP last hiked the price of its products in 1980 while production costs
has excalated.

The company had been going into “deep waters" financially and had been waiting
for a Government go-ahead to increase the prices as early as 1981.

“The company would not go with the old prices and as a company we have to sur-
vive," said Mr Chimanja during the interview on which he appeared with Indeco
director for personnel and public relations Mr Michael Mulenga.

The cost of ingredients used by the company in the manufacture of its products
including oil seeds had risen sharply.

Mr Chimanja cited cotton which he said cost K150 a tonne last year and was now
fetching K240 a tonne.

There was a specific problem of sunflower seed which is ungraded and 25 per
cent of the quantity bought by ROP had to be thrown away.

The price of sunflower seed had also shot up from K387 a tonne in 1981 to K630
a tonne this year.

85:



Commission was set up to receive price increase recommendations from parastatal
companies before these were effected.

"T don't know whether or not our friends in the parastatals are not following
this arrangement. If this is the case then we are pushing the people against’
the wall. NIEC is a parastatal company, it was given the scarce foreign ex~
change to bring in Somol oil from South Africa yet ROP needed K62 million
foreign exchange for raw materials."

He was referring to the Sunday Special which comdemned the importation of Somol
oil from South Africa which was not selling because it is too expensive and is
lying at NIEC warehouses. The Special called on the Party and its Government
to get down to the root of the matter to establish how Somol oil was brought
in.

The main story in the paper quoted chairman of the Prices and Incomes Commission
Dr Leonard Chivuuo as saying his organisation was "toothless" and could not
control prices because it was not consulted on such matters.

"There we are. There is nothing we can do because the prices are decontrol?
led...." Dr Chivuno said.

Mr Shapi said: "Now the Somol oil which was brogght in as a finished product
is still at NIEC, it is not selling at K23; and ROP because of lack of foreign
exchange to bring in raw materials for it to continue making affordable goods
has increased prices since local materials have had their prices increased.
These are contradictions which the Party and its Government must address them-
selves to."

Collapse

He said Somol oil was just one example of many finished goods which were pour-
ing into Zambia while manufacturing companies cried for foreign exchange to
bring in raw materials.

"What it is, is that there is foreign exchange for Somol oil and other fin-
ished products but there is no foreign exchange for raw materials. So some
companies will have to declare workers redundant.

"Parastatals, private companies and marketeers are leading the country to its
collapse. All countries that have fallen, the cardinal cause for their col-
lapse has been high prices and low wages which rile the people. If we have
been hitherto blind as a Party and Government let us sit down now and find a
solution to the serious issue.

"As a Party and Government we must find a way to avoid catastrophe. ‘The Prices
and Incomes Commission must not wash their hands of this problem. The commis-
sion, the iabour movement and the Party and its Government gogether with para-
statal chiefs must put heads together and solve this problem," Mr Shapi said.

78



ZAMBIA

MOBIL OIL GIVEN FOREIGN EXCHANGE TO IMPORT SOUTH AFRICAN LPG TANKS
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Dec 83 p 4
[Text]

MOBIL Oil Zambia has been allocated K264,000 foreign exchange b
the Bank cf Zambia to import four Liguified Py {LPG
Storage tanks from South Africa. : q erroleum Gas (LPG)

Acompany spokesman K42 million including about in foreign exchange but that
said in Lusaka yesterday K21 million. in“ reduced oil letters of credit for the tanks
the tanks stock large imports. Savings by © the had been opened and sup-

iti LPG Government trahsport fleet pliers informed.
converting petrol driven 20d be K9.043 and increa. He said the South African
ig sed corporate tax revenue of manufacturers had started

vehicles into gas pro-
pelled ones.

Mobil Zambia, which was
carrying “out the convertion
Project in conjunction with

Diesel Electric Zambia was ©

waiting for another approval of
-K500,000 in foreign exchange
to bring in 1,000 LPG kits.

Orders of this equipment
fvere for the initial stage of

converting 1,000 Government’

K12,166 million.

‘Initially Mobil would be
permitted to implement the
first phase only which was the
conversion of 1,000 vehicles
at a cost of K800 for each
vehicle. There was no dang
in using gas-powered equi
ment’ provided
ment was ‘installed by app-
roved fitters and refuclling

was done’ at proper filling -

the . equip- *

working on the tanks and his
company was expecting them
in Zambia in three to four
months time.

Installed

Two of ‘the LPG tanks
would be installed in Lusaka
and Ndola and Kitwe would
have one’ each. “As soon. as

‘and parastatal vehicles “i tations. we get’ the approval to bring

‘gas-powered type, cles “Into Stations: . in the 1,000 kite then there will

. ay fe . more to’ talk:. about,”’
‘The spokesman said the two Mobil Zambia managing. the spokesman said.

cso:

public. sectors had shown
interest in the project adding
that aready a Government
Mechanical Service _Depart-
ment (MSD) Land-Rover and a
Volvo car for x were
being driven on LPG after
being converted from petrol-
run. .

it was reported last April

that over the first eight years
projected savings would be

3400/451

“director Mr Drew: Stein said

then -his company ‘had been
“allocated KS00,000 in: foreign
exchange “by -the central
badk to launch the first phase
of the LPG, project and was.
enough to convert at least
1,000 Government, parastatal
and private vehicles.

Yesterday the :spokesmian
could not say whether ‘the
K264,000. for LPG storage
tanks was: in ‘addition. to the
first allocation of K500,000

81

Mobil ‘Zambia was fully

“committed to conserve ‘fuel

consumption and to reduce
oil import bill.

‘he spokesman recalled that
there was much at Ndola Oil
Refinery. going to waste and
his company was’ making

‘every effort to: make usc. of

it through the: launching of
the LPG project. on



Destruction of Economic Targets

In spite of the fact that it is more dangerous, South Africa, as the strategic
enemy, maintains trade relations with Mozambique and its economic weight is
making itself felt in the provinces of Maputo and Gaza, throughs lines of
communication linking Johannesburg, Pretoria, the Transvaal, Natal, to the
sea.

The tactical enemy, the "Mozambican National Resistance," in the country's
middle portion is destroying production centers, economic and civilian targets,
access roads leading from Zimbabwe to the sea, communal villages and farm
production units.

So we ask: How is this possible? Mozambique has 3,500 kilometers of coastline
--so where are the fish? It has banana plantations, so where are the
bananas? It has excellent pasture land for cattle, so where is the meat and
where is the milk? It has fertile land--where are the crops?

There have been various stages of survival in Mozambique and each one of them
has been very difficult to get through. Some were more difficult than others
and will be resolved only in the long run.

Here are the main adversities which at the same time explain the country's
current condition of shortages and the heroic force of the Mozambican people
in resisting them, without faltering, with the happiness of an independent
people:

The economic structure inherited from colonialism (it suffices to take a look
at the road map of Mozambique to find that colonial Mozambique existed by
virtue of its dependence on Rhodesia and South Africa);

Out of 120,000 Mozambican miners who worked in South Africa (gold mines),
only 40,000 still have their jobs as a result of South African restrictions
on Mozambican emigration; how to find johs for the remaining 80,000 miners;

To the benefit of what at that time was metropolitan Portugal, that country
invested the profits from the gold paid out to the Mozambican miners (they were
paid in gold during colonial times and the profits deriving from the interest
went to the Bank of Portugal);

The attacks by what then was. the regime of Ian Smith against Mozambique and
the sanctions against Rhodesia: 580 million contos in direct damages to
Mozambique (not counting the indirect damages, for example, the goods which
the burned trucks and mined roads did not carry and failed to transport);

The undeclared war by South Africa (growing efforts by Mozambique to reduce
its economic dependence on South Africa, less foreign exchange from South
Africa);

Flooding of the Zambeze and the Limpopo;

19



975100

JPRS-SSA-84-006

13 January 1984

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

a
| RETRIOTION srRTBENT yi

Approved ic: UDC Leen,

4 g90818 158

eee 2
pm QUALITY INSPECTED

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

“ferrooucen BY i
NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
i SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161
97



ZAMBIA

ZSC TO OBTAIN SUGAR SELF-SUFFICIENCY UNTIL 1990

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 22 Dec 83 p 5

[Text] ZAMBIA Sugar Company (ZSC) has embarked on a K17 million expansion pro-
gramme to attain self-sufficiency in sugar until 1990.

Yesterday ZSC signed two loan agreements with the Commonwealth Development
Corporation (CDC) for the expansion project.

Other institutions co-financing the project are the Development Bank of Zambia
and KFW of West Germany.

ZSC chairman Mr Dixie Zulu signed for them and CDC resident representative ;
in Zambia Mr John Canty signed for his organisation.

Mr Zulu is Indeco managing director under which ZSC falls.

Under the agreement the CDC is giving the company K4 million for the expansions
of raw and white sugar facilities.

In the other deal the CDC is providigg about K600,000 which is an extension of
a previous loan of K1l.7 m concluded in 1980 to finance the provision of irri-
gation water for the Kaleva Smallholders Scheme.

The scheme, which is now operational, aims at putting about 300 smallholders
on land around the Nakambala Sugar Estate.

The smallholders should be growing cane with an investment of K20m.

At the signing ceremony Mr Zulu said ZSC was grateful for the assistance and
cooperation received from CDC over the years.

He said the CDC was also assisting a number of Indeco subsidiaries like Kafue
Textiles, Chilanga Cement and Zamefa.

"In particular we are happy with the speedy and efficient manner in which CDC
has progressed our applications for loans. "This has greatly assisted the speedy
implementation of the projects," Mr Zulu said.

2.
CSO: 3400/457 .



“€86T FO
Tey ISATF 9y2 Jo se sean3rg (Z) fsean8Ty AzeuywyyTeig (1) {ANI ‘soTIsTIeIS epeay UsteAog :e0In0g

- - 6°% e°7st = £0 Les - - suoTj eT Te sut
Zenod 1828M IOZ syoT
- _ rar) T°61z “ - -~ = AeZTTTIAajy paeyeusesor1 IN
s°0 6°ST 8°z 6°OST 6°S 8° 6S s°0 s°s saeqty

O@TTIxe} TeTOTJ1TIAe Io
oTIeyIUAS Jo epeu soTaqez
S*0 S°9T (an L°0@T = §*0)— ss T*TT - zo peTquesseun
‘suoyjeT[eIsUT TeOTUEYyooU
pue ‘snjeiedde ‘Arautyoey

S°T Z°98 Vand 9°6¢T) =«T°T YET s°0 T'6 sjonpoad pequtad aeTtuts
pue ‘seanyooiq ‘syoog a
6°S 8°06 ae 8°sstT 8°9 9°6ET 2° T°96 suTotpeu Areutz930A +
pue ueuny Loy suoTIeoTpay
6°€ O°T2T ors 9°00€ §=67°T 9°8z ~ 7°0 szonpoid aeTTuTs pue
S‘sepToTjoesuy ‘squeqoezutstq
Ty S°SeT O°T 7°0S s°T S°9€ hr ole S10} I2A

-uoo Areuoyze1s 10 f1eQ01
pue ‘sioj0u ‘s102e1aUeE9

uy L°9€T s*0 L£°9% T°O a4 s°0 L°6 T}O Uy souTpies peuuep

us €°99T L°T L£°€6 T’0 ore ran) ov *oqe Ssyotd
‘saxeyotd ‘stTeaoys ‘soxy

0°9 L°96T ork 9°SL€ 8° O°6TT 72*O oF seToTyea [yer
doy sjzied ereds pue sqieg

o°s 8°sHe TO 87 €°0 9°s ~ £°0 STeyAeyeW AST TTF
adeyjo pue ‘seones ‘sa8esnes
T°LT U°9%S 7°9T T°S88 O°9T 8°6ZE =E* HY «©6678 peystuyjun ‘soziqey uoz209
% (Z)€86T % (1)Z86T % T86T % 086T seTITpoumog

(soqu02 900‘T)
enbrquezoy Jo DtTQndey s,eTdosag aya 03 [e8nzA0g Aq pajitodxy seTaTpommog uTey



EQUATORIAL GUINEA

COORDINATING JUNTA OF EXILED FORCES SUFFERS IN-FIGHTING

London AFRICA NOW in English No 32, Dec 83 p 18

[Article by Foday Fofanah: "Equatorial Guinea: Junta on the Rocks"]

{Text ]

It appears that outside influence is taking
a gradual hold of the seven-month-old-
Co-ordinating Junta of exiled forces
opposed to the regime of President .
Teodoro Obiang Nguema of Equatorial
Guinea. Recently, at a meeting in .
Zaragosa, Spain, the organisation kicked
out its founding secretary-general, _
Francisco Ela Abeme, and replaced him
with Ecube Medico who, until then, had
presided ove? the Plans Committee.

Abeme was in no doubt that his sacking
was orchestrated by interested parties in
Spain opposed to his secretary-
generalship. He told Africa Now
exclusively: ‘‘On realising that I’m not the
man they (the interested parties) are
looking for, they lobbied and financed
this meeting to get rid of me. That the
motion did not appear on the agenda is
an indication of manipulation.

“How is it that in a four-star hotel we
paid only 2,000 pesetas a night for lodging
and nothing for the hall where we met?
This is the first time that such a thing has
happened in the Junta. I’m fully
convinced that the ruling Socialist
government in Spain has financed
this meeting.”

The dismissal of Abeme, who is a
lawyer and author of a recently published
book, Equatorial Guinea in recent years,
will undoubtedly force his supporters to
quit the Junta. Originally, six different
political groups made up the Junta
Coordinadora de Oposicion. These were:
Movimiento de Libertad y Futuro de
Guinea Ecuatorial (MOLIFUGE);
Independientes; Frente de Liberacion de
Guinea Ecuatorial (FRELIGE); Grupo para
‘a Reforma Politica (FRELIGE); and Frente
de Liberacion de Fernando Po (FRELIFER);
and Alianza Nacional para la Reforma
Democratico.

Six months ago, the Junta lost FRELIFER
when it was told it had no authority to
discuss the autonomy of the islands of
Fernando Po. Now Abeme’s FRELIGE
looks set to secede.

The main problem facing the Equatorial
Guinean opposition in Spain is the lack of
adequate financial resources to further its
Opposition to the Malabo regime. At the
end of the recent meeting the Junta was
undecided on which projects to place
financial priority.

It was suggested that each of the groups
within the Junta make a monthly
contribution of 25,000 pesetas-as a start,
and that all Equatorial Guineans residing
in Spain (about 12,000) should pay 1,000
pesetas each. The main issue is how to
convince the average Equatorial Guinean
exile that the cause is worth fighting for in
the light of the recent rupture within the
Junta.

But despite the in-fighting, the Junta is
trying to prove that all is well. Just before
the Zaragosa meeting, it issued a
communiqué which called on the
Equtorial Guinean Government to start
urgent negotiations with the Junta with
the aim of solving the country’s problems.
The communiqué hinted that the Junta
would resort to violence.

Then after the meeting, out-going
secretary-general Abeme told a news
conference that there should be
negotiations between the Junta and, this
time, not only the government of
Equatorial Guinea, but also those of
Gabon, Nigeria, Cameroon, Morocco,
Spain and France, as a means of achieving
the normalisation of ‘‘the chaotic
situation” in Equatorial Guinea,

This call came as no surprise because
the first three African countries are
Equatorial Guinea’s neighbours and are
hosts to thousands of Guinean refugees.


Spanish shipping in those waters, has not been built, despite the fact

that it has already cost 300. million pesetas. .Matinsa, a company endorsed
by the semi-official. Focoex Company, 3 years ago unleaded material theoreti-
cally worth 300 million, and immediately afterwards suspended payments.

The material remained exposed to the elements for months until it became
useless or disappeared. In Luba they are still waiting for their fuel

tank,

Another matter verging on scandal is the famous water supply of Bata. The
dubious engineering project located the tanks in a place where the water
had to be lifted by means of pumps and which floods whenever a nearby dam
(built by the PRC) releases its waters. Since in Equatorial Guinea

there is a permanent shortage of diesel. oil, the water supply does not work
nor does it appear that it is going to work in the future.

Malabo is the only African capital--and perhaps the only capital in the
world--which is without electric lights. The oil lamp takes the place of
the electric light bulb, because the small electric generators, when they
lack fuel, do not work or only work intermittently. ‘The ofl shortage has
made this year's cacao harvest the smallest in the history of Equatorial
Guinea in the 20th century: 5000 tons.

French Know-How

In spite of this fact, Guinean cacao--which is one of the best in the
world--continues to attract the greedy: the ambassador of France in
Malabo, Pierre Cornee, has just bought himself a fine ranch dedicated to
raising cacao, in a symbolic gesture that announces other things. Because
France will assume starting with the first months of 1984 the hegemony
our country refused or did not know how to assume. Equatorial Guinea's
entry into the Central African States Customs Union (UDEAC) and later into
the BEAC (Central African States Bank), will turn Spain into a "third
country," both in the financial as well as in the commercial spheres.

Between 7 and 12 December, two meetings between Spanish and Guinean
officials will be held in Malabo. The first is to renegotiate the debt
(over 40 million dollars) and the second, to design the "new, very
constructive phase of cooperation," according to the official communique
published after the visit of President Obiang to Madrid this summer.
Nobody expects anything of these meetings, all the more so since nobody
even on the highest level knows "what to do with Guinea." There are two
conflicting opinions on the subject: the first, that of those who would
put an end to Equatorial Guinea's drain both in the economic and political
spheres, and second, that of those who are trying to sustain some modest,
planned, controlled, humanitarian cooperation. Between these two factions
there is an exchange of recriminations and not always printable epithets.

12448
CSO: 3448/4



MOZAMBIQUE

PORTUGUESE MISSIONARY REPORTEDLY MURDERED BY MNR
Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 1 Dec 83 p 12

[Report by M.V.B.]

[Text] 0 JORNAL has learned, from a reliable source,

the cirsumstances surrounding the murder of a Portu-

guese missionery, Father Alirio Baptista, of the Portu-
guese Missionary Society (Cucujaes fathers). The murder
took place 60 kilometers from the city of Nampula on the
night of 20 November, and was perpetrated by members of the
so-called Mozambican National Resistance.

Caught in an ambush against members of the Agricultural school of Ribaue by mem-
pers of the resistance group, Father Alirio Baptista was mortally wounded. He
was traveling in a vehicle which was also carrying a teacher at the Iapala
mission. The latter was only wounded, managing to escape the crossfire between
the "resisters" and the FRELIMO forces which had, meanwhile, intervened in the
action.

Father Alirio Baptista, aged 53, was a native of Calvao, Vagos (oddly enough,

the same locality as Father Laurindo de Nato, who was captured and then released
by UNITA in September 1982). Father Baptista had been a missionary in the Nampula
diocese for 27 years. He was a teacher in that city andwas later named economic
secretary of the diocese and pastor of the cathedral. At the time of his death.
he was the father superior of the Iapala mission.

The funeral was conducted by the bishop of Pemba, substituting for Manuel Pinto,
bishop of the diocese, who was away in Brazil.

This is the first Portuguese missionary (priest)to.be killed in Mozambique since
independence. Last year a Portuguese nun was killed near Maputo, under circum-
stances that are not yet completely clear. Sporadically, some missionaries
(fathers and nuns) have been abducted by the "resistance" and then released,

Alirio Baptista is the second missionary from the Portuguese Missionary Society
to be murdered in the former colonies. The first was Armindo de Lima, victim
of an ambush on. the outskirts of Luanda.

6362

CSO: 3442/84
55



5.3 tons of cotton or 3.5 tons of cashew nuts to buy one truck. In 1981,

it was necessary to export 12.9 tons of cotton or 4.5 tons of cashew nuts to
purchase the same truck; from 1981 until 1982, the average price of Mozambican
imports went up about 3 percent whereas the average price of exports dropped
close ‘to 11 percent.

Although we do not have more recent data on the structural makeup of Mozam-
bican foreign trade, it is considered plausible that this structure has not
changed substantially.

The following must be considered as Mozambique's chief suppliers in decreasing
order of importance: The United Kingdom (heavy machinery, diesel locomotives,
trucks, cars); the Soviet Union (heavy weapons, light automotive vehicles,
fodder); Sweden (trucks, light automotive vehicles); Holland (chemical in-
dustry products); Portugal (see point 3.2), and South Africa (spare parts,
raw materials for the light industry).

Mozambique's importers are as follows: The United Kingdom (cashew nuts, tea);
Sweden (cotton); the Soviet Union (seafood, semiprecious stones); the FRG
(coal), and Canada (sea cucumbers),

It should be noted that the situation in 1975 was substantially different, as
we can see from the following table.

In 1975, this was the makeup of Mozambican imports and exports:

Imports Exports
(a) (2)

Food products 13.5
Non-food farm products 0.9
Fuel and minerals 9.8
Machinery and equipment 35.2
Other manufactured products 40.0

Suppliers ’ %

Portugal 23.8
United States 13.7
South Africa 8.1
Japan 4.5
India 4.6

Importers

South Africa 1
Portugal 1
FRG 1
United Kingdom

Nag. [as published]

38



CPAZ Seminar's Condemnation
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 21 Dec 83 p 1

[Excerpt] THE Consumer Protective Association of Zambia (CPAZ) has appealed
to the Government to re-introduce the price control system on essential goods
and services.

The association has urged the Government not to announce any new price in-
creases in the 1984 Budget.

Resolutions released by chairman Mr Ngenda Sipalo at the end of a seminar said
the Prices and Incomes Commission must be given more power to approve the fix-
ing of prices before they became effective.

The price control department must be under the Prices and Incomes Commission.

The resolutions said the control of prices had created a lot of problems for
the consumer.

“acknowledging that the present prices of essential commodities are already
above the reach of the common man, the seminar strongly suggests that no
price increases should be elected in the 1984 national Budget."

The seminar condemned the latest hiking of prices on all ROP products and
called on the Government to rescind the decision.

On drugs the ‘seminar felt the Government must see to it that obsolete medicines
were not imported into the country.

The Government should ensure that Zambia was not made a dumping ground for dan-
gerous drugs banned in developed countries nor be a testing field.

Highway traffic patrols must be re-introduced to combat, exploitation of pas-
sengers by transport operators.

"Those found violating road traffic regulations must be severely punished,"
the resoluthons recommended.

The Government should control taxi fares by introducing charts in each vehicle.
Stiff penalties must be meted out for overloading passengers.

Other recommendations were that:

-~Adequate compensation should be made to whoever suffered loss or damage
through shoddy services. So far the law had been inadequate in that it
favoured those who ran the services. The Government should enact a law to pro-
tect the consumer.

~~Because of shortage of houses which had contributed to the exploitation of
tenants, rent charged by private landlords should be controlled by law.

79.



The local chief of protocol, a young man of 24 years, received me in the
village which is the initial nucleus of Unango.

He took me to the "historical house," a big straw farm house where President
Samora Machel met, on 22 October 1979, with the at that time 500.re-education
trainees who had committed various common crimes such as robbery, consumption of
and trafficking in drugs, illegal trading, rape, and even murder,

The house is "historical" because it was here that President Samora Machel
granted amnesty to all of the re-education trainees of Unango, urging them to
build a new life.

Starting All Over Again in Unango

Former criminals made a fresh start in Unango. They organized themselves,
they established families, they built houses, they established agricultural
and consumer cooperatives, and they developed one of the most interesting
theories of experiences in the rehabilitation of criminals.

The young man who received me, the Unango protocol officer, confessed that
he was arrested and taken to what then was the Unango re-education camp

"in connection with questions of narcotics." He said: "I lived with my
family close to the city of Inhambane. I was a college student and I took
drugs. One day I was nabbed. They sent me to Unango. The time you stay in
the camp depends on your behavior. Most of us behaved well. This explains
the amnesty granted by our president. Since then I have never consumed any

drugs. "
Former Re-Education Trainees Supervise Former Unproductive Individuals

Some re-education trainees "left" Unango after amnesty. "Those of us who
stayed," I was told by the young man who prefers not to identify himself,
“are those who have an interest in and a desire for building the nation."

A residential neighborhood structure with three sections was created after
amnesty with its blocks and respective chiefs and secretaries. The agricul-
tural cooperative was established. Men were selected for construction work,
such as carpenters and masons.

In organizational terms, Unango has an executive council with its own chairman
(appointed from the outside, through the FRELIMO directorate), office and
protocol chiefs who only take care of these functions in the future city.

But after the re-education experience of the criminals in Unango--without
any prison bars--a new experience is about to take shape in the “city of the
future" which has become a new center of attention.

About a month and a half ago, 250 unproductive individuals arrived from Maputo;
they had been picked up as a part of "Operation Production." Their local
supervision and agricultural training are handled by the former criminals.

26



€6/z7vE +089
sos

“€86T

Jo JTeY ASATF OY. Fo se sezn3tTyg (7) ‘fseanstTz Axeutwryerg (D ‘{aNI ‘sotast3eIg epery ustetog :90zn0g

ore s°Te g°OT €°t2t
s°08 €°T9€ €°el 6°TT8
- - L°s 9°€9
- - S°T O°LT
- - wT S°st
T°6 O°Ty z°9 €°69
% (Z)€86T Ss (1)@86T

(s027U09 Q00‘T)

AO 4
NOn1ng
ane

Tests avy
u0}}09 MEY
sqqnay pue spses erdop
eal
suveq petig

perres

‘petap. ‘peqeaeStajer fyseay =

‘sosn{[om pue suvecejsnip

42 tpoumog

onbtquezoy Jo oTTqndey s,eTdoeg eyj wory TeBnz10g Aq pezsoduy satatpoumog utey

43



Mocambicanos" among the ever-present (but it seems unobtainable--something
that can be determined by the few copies available) ~ Lenin's "Selected
Works."

Many children's books (domestic editions), political-educational books
published by FRELIMO and the book "As Nossas Receitas" [Our Recipes] by the
Organization of Mozambican Women complete the stock of works for sale in the
bookstore.

Store for Provincial Managers

For the first time in Mozambique I saw bananas for sale in a kind of grocery
store that also sold soap. In a store next door I found not only bananas but
also eggplant, fish, rice, potatoes, toilet soap, and detergents, But nothing
to buy.

When I tried to buy a kilogram of bananas, I was told in reply: "This store
is only for provincial managers." TI had to be satisfied with the smaller
and green bananas in the store next door.

On arriving back at the hotel, I ran into a bit of excitment at the reception
desk: A shipment of several boxes of "Opal" Bulgarian cigars had arrived by
air. One cigar sells at 80 meticals (about .250 Portuguese escudos) and a box
sells for 400.

On the next day, there was not much demand, “You only have Opal?" the walk-in
customers asked after having arrived for lunch,. “They are awful."

The hotel is the only place in the city where lunch is served for both hotel
guests and walk-in patrons; Bread (available in large amounts) with sweet
toranja spread and tea.

I went to bed early in the quiet hotel without any guests; my room faced the
rear, toward an area where somehody was cooking out in the open with a hig
wood-fired stove. I fell asleep before lights out (every evening at 2200),
listening to a little song by a hotel employee who was working the stove;
"Long Live FRELIMO, Long Live FRELIMO, Long Live FRELIMO!"*

City of Former Criminals

On the next day, after breakfast, I left for Unango,"the city of the future,"
recently inaugurated by Security Minister Mariano Matsinhe, Unango is an

old re-education camp for criminals, The same is true today and rehabilitated
individuals are building the new city,

There is no water in the hotel, An employee brought me a bucket and a
pottle of the rationed liquid.

I found running water in Unango, at the foot of the mountain by the same

name. This is water from the springs that irrigate the fertile plain in the
district of Lichinga.

25



NEGATIVE, POSITIVE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL AID TO NATION

London AFRICA NOW in English Nov 83 pp 76, 77

[Text ]

The West rushes to give Somalia aid, yet the nomads who make

up the majority of the population are better-off than conventional

economic indicators would suggest

The tiny size of the Somali economy
coupled with the political pressures which
operate in the area make it especially
vulnerable to external pressures. These take
the form of relatively huge aid inputs.

The gross national product stands at
approximately shs20,000m in real terms, a
GNP of about $1,000m. The current level of
aid is $400m a year, equivalent to 40% of
gir. while debt now also stands at about

yn.

This position is complicated further by
the refugee question. After the Ogaden
war, it was estimated that one million or
more refugees fled to Somalia. Now the
official figure is 700,000 refugees and the:
annual bill to feed and maintain them
comes to $120m, all coming from inter-
national sources. :
__ The Somali economy depends first upon
livestock exports, then bananas and third
the traditional export (and now a world
monopoly) of frankincense. Livestock, the
wealth of the country’s 60% nomadic
population, sustains the economy and
accounts for 80% of exports and foreign
exchange earnings. Animals are exported
live, mainly across the Red Sea to Saudi
Arabia but also to other countries in the
Gulf. But food imports have been
increasing in recent years —-wheat and rice
— and the import bill for these now runs at

some $25m a year.

_ There has been a change of emphasis
since 1980 with the government giving
greater encouragement to the private
sector. The Somali industrial sector is
minuscule and parts of it in any case are not
always working through lack of spare parts
or other inputs including raw materials
from abroad.

Government priorities are firm: first the

62

livestock sector and second the encourage-
ment of settled farming which has been
boosted recently by a liberalisation of
marketing practices and better prices for
farmers. The best agricultural market lies in
the Middle East except for bananas, 50% of
which go to Italy. Leather is also exported
to Italy and the Middle East. Two years ago
inflation ran at 45% but the government
has managed to reduce this to a current rate
of 20%.

The aid flow reached the $400m mark in
1982 and looks set to stay at or about that
level. The reasons for this large inflow to
such a small country are complex. The Cold
War and the Russian-Cuban presence in
Ethiopia is clearly a major factor; the
presence of the refugees is another; while
development in its true sense perhaps lies
third.

Aid inputs at this level are altering Somali
attitudes and increasing, markedly, the
lures of Western-style materialism. Food
aid, for example, which is not really needed
is changing tastes from traditional staples
(maize and sorghum) to rice and‘wheat. The
1982-86 development plan expects to find
80% of its capital from external sources.

Donors unfortunately tend to treat

Somalia as though it only requires their aid _

— and their presence — to solve its
economic problems. But massive aid inputs
have to be seen against the capacity of the
small infrastructure to absorb them. They
should also be seen as possibly inhibiting
Somali efforts at self-reliance.

The main aid donors now are the us,
West Germany, Italy, the World Bank, the
EEC, China and Saudi Arabia. Chinese aid
includes MiG fighters, roadbuilding and
medical assistance. EEC’ aid is increasing
while the two most important European

SOMALIA


C80: 3400/453

area, and two between Cuamato and
Calueque.”” At the same time, another |
three were sent into neighbouring Kuando ;
Kubango province, ‘“‘one in the Luengue |
area, another south of Vila Nova de Ar- |
mada and another south of Caiundo.” The
latter were to ensure the safety of fleeing
UNITA survivors from their defeat at
Cangamba when over 1,100 UNITA corp-
ses were counted on August 10-11.

In Cuvelai itself, local government and
Party structures are operating and people
carry on their day-to-day business. The
town of Mupa, 54 km to the south, is
occupied by Scuth African forces,
FaPLa’s last position being somewhere in
between. The occupied zone itself has no
clear or rigid demarcation line. A number
of centres such as Ngiva, Xangongo,
Mupa, Evale, Namacunde, Chiede and
Nehone are occupied, while South African,
mercenary and UNITA units move around
within the zone. There are frequent at-
tempts to infiltrate north and extend the
occupied area. Around the time I was in
Cuvelai, the South African air force drop-
ped napalm at Kiteve, near Mulondo, some
60 km due west, according to military
sources,

While I was talking to the local commis-
sioner in his office, a lorry-full of people
arriving could be seen through the window.
These, he explained, were refugees from
the occupied zone. About a hundred arrive
daily in Cuvelai, others in. Mulondo and
Cahama to the west. Many thousands will
have arrived since the occupation began in
August 1981. After registering in Cuvelai,
they decide whether to go to join relatives
in other parts of the country or to go to one
of the refugee camps, long-established in
Lubango and Matala to the north.

Most were women and children. Killings,
torture, and lack of supplies and health
facilities are given as the main reasons for
flight. Those who escape the mobile groups
of South African, mercenary and UNITA
elements operating in the occupied zone are
picked up south of Cuvelai.

For the various sabotage actions carried
out by heli-transported South African
troops on the Cuvelai-Tchamutete road
against. isolated vehicles earlier this year,
the attacking forces continued to rely on air
superiority, Detected on one occasion this
year, a group was encircled and only
secured escape by abandoning a quantity of
war material, including a helicopter. In ad-
dition to FAPLA’s improved defensive
capability, it also ser its’ own small
groups into the occupied zone to carry out

uettilla-style activities against occupying
uth African forces.

The resulting losses suffered by the occu-
pying forces are a highly sensitive issue
back in South Africa itself, where involve-
ment in Angola is hushed up. Even when
announced, losses are said to have occurred
in “the operational area.’’ There are
special units whose sole function is the
recovery, often in the heat of battle, of

South African bodies or destroyed equip-
ment which, if left to fall into Angolan
hands, would lead to embarrassment.
South African losses are clearly much
higher than commonly believed and would
be more so but for the extensive use of
UNITA and mercenary front troops.

On the evidence it is ludicrous to suggest,
as Western press reports often do, that
Angolan forces are unable to operate in
tural areas, or that UNITA occupies two-
thirds of the country. Some of the areas
through which I drove have been shown as
“uUNiTA-controlled’’ in some newspapers.

Similar claims in relation to uniTa’s

“tribal support” in the south are equally
unsubstantiated. Huambo, Angola’s
second city and focal point of the heavily
populated central highlands area, is claimed
by UNITA propagandists to be a base of
support for UNITA’s leader, Jonas Savimbi,
on the premise that he, as an Umbundu-
speaker, can count on the support of all
Ovimbundu people.

I put this to my taxi driver during a brief
visit to Huambo. “At the start in 1975 or
76, yes,”” he said, ‘it was only natural,
Savimbi was an Umbundu. But now —
look what they do! Killing when they want
food — forcing people to their bush
rallies: UNITA? — no, people don’t want
that.’”

The feelings of People in the south
towards the various political forces. the:
have experienced in recent years were il-
lustrated by Maria Domingas, a local
Umbundu-speaking woman from Jamba.
“In 1974 FNLA and UNITA came and
forced people to join. If you didn’t have
the right card there was trouble. First the
FNLA threatened to kill my father if he
refused to join. We ran away and hid in the
fields. So they broke down the doors and
stole everything. That made us very poor.
Then came UNITA. They threatened to
take us, the daughters, so my father sent us
to Huambo. After this there was less
danger; UNITA only wanted my father’s
daughters. When the MPLA came, at least
some things were organised in the town and
people could go to work in their fields
again.”’ Despite the difficulties of everyday
life which such people face; their loyalties
seem to hinge on their own experiences and
judgement, rather than ethnic ‘considera-
tions.

While, with South African logistical sup-
port, UNITA groups continue their ac-
tivities in the south and centre of the coun-
try, there has also been a stepping up of ac-
tivity further north. The recent counter-
offensive launched by FAPIA forces in
many provinces indicates the seriousness
with which the situation is being taken by
the government. It is seen, however, as be-
ing indicative of the huge investment and
careful long-term planning which South
Africa, for its own ends, has put into
UNITA, rather than the latter’s innate
capacity @



Saying that more than 70 persons have been executed by firing squad in
Mozambique since 1979 (Amnesty International report), most of them for
“political crimes," shocks Old Europe. Mozambique wishes to make it known
that those 70 persons were materially responsible for the death of many
Mozambicans and that the progress of the self-styled RNM (Mozambican National
Resistance) can be sustained only by "drastic" measures such as the death
penalty for serious crimes against the security of the state.

Reports and stories about RNM attrocities in provinces such as Inhambane,
Sofala, Manica, Zambezia, and Nampula, of course can be turned over to the
Portuguese authorities: But the reality of the facts--observed and described
by the 0 JORNAL reporter in another part of this issue--are quite different
from the "reality" of the “cause" for which the RNM says it is fighting, to
anybody who wants to listen in Portugal.

The "Shock" of the Whippings

With the direct and clear language that characterizes him--which has influenced
many ministers and provincial governors in Mozambique--Samora Machel is pre-
paring himself to ask many questions in Portugal about the Portuguese and

to reply to specific questions about Mozambique.

Why the public whippings, why all this corporal punishment? Since May of
this year, Mozambican justice has revived a traditional practice which was a
"law" in the old empire of Gaza (territory corresponding to the current
Mozambican province of Gaza).

Jose Luis Cabaco, information minister and secretary of the FRELIMO Central
Committee, told us: “It is my understanding and I even think that it is
correct that a Westerner should be shocked over whippings since his set of
values is quite different from ours, But, the thing that is suspicious is for
a European 'to agree' with this practice."

The practice of public whippings as judicial punishment has been revived by
virtue of the need for adapting justice and the social behavior of citizens
to the real situation in Mozambique.

"Until a rather short time ago," we were told by Minister Jose Luis Cabaco,
“we were governed by the Marcelist Criminal Code. Here is what happened:

An individual would be arrested for robbery, rape, speculation; the man would
spend some time in prison, he would sleep and eat, and, socially speaking,
the punishment had no effect whatsoever: After getting out of prison, the
individual in the end even boasted about his having been in prison."

Decline in Crime

For the citizen thus punished, public whippings imply the burden of social
“disgrace” more than the harshness of bodily beatings.

Whippings are administered in public, before the population and representatives
or members of the government and the justice department; the criminal is
placed on a platform, belly down; the executor of the punishment then

16


ZCTU Chairman's Statement

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 22 Dec 83 p 1

[Excerpt] THE Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) general council will
meet next week to map out a strategy aimed at curbing the current price spiral
in the country.

ZCTU chairman, Mr Frederick Chiluba said in Ndola yesterday as far as the con-
gress was concerned it was not whether the Government would increase prices
anymore, but it was a question of workers having a united stand against the
hardships.

The ZCTU chief, who was commenting on the assertion by the chairman of the
Prices and Incomes Commission Dr Leonard Chivuno that market forces would
determine the ever-growing imbalance between incomes and prices to introduce a
point of equilibrium, said this was a "very unkind Christmas joke".

He disputed the economic argument that market forces in Zambia would ever es-
tablish any point in equilibrium.

Mr Chiluba attributed the current imbalances in incomes and prices to Zambia's
economic policies which contradicted the practices.

“One begins to wonder whether we have an interplay of free market forces or a
controlled socialist command economy because on one hand incomes are not al-
lowed to move freely to counter the movement in prices in order to get to a
point of equilibriun.

“Whereas on the other hand the Party and its Government through their parasta-
tals, which in many cases enjoy some kind of monopoly, are unable and unwilling
to curb price rises."

The labour chief said he sympathised with Dr Chivauno who had ably chaired the
commission and was sincerely seeking to state cold facts.

Mr Chiluba said a lot of damage had already been done and unless workers
found a way to unite to overcome the hardships, no answer would be found.

"To us it is not whether the State will increase any more prices, the fight
must be based on current economic atrocities and the ACTU general council which
sits on December 30 should find an answer to these problems," he added.

CsO: 3400/457

80



South African support revitalised it in late
980/81.

The continued extent of South African
involvement was again underlined last
August when a major MNR base at Tomé in
Inhambane province was captured. Only a
couple of weeks earlier South African
helicopters had brought in some nine tons
of arms and ammunition. Evidence was
also found that South Africans had come
into Tomé to train radio operators and
to seek out recruits for training in
South Africa. By the end of 1981 the MNR
was operating in Manica and Sofala
provinces, in Inhambane and-in Gaza on a
considerable scale. It had about 3,000 men
under arms and as many more training.

The government was apparently taken by
surprise. It certainly reacted slowly.
Military effectiveness was hampered by the
switch going on to conventional military
thinking and also by problems within the
armed forces after independence which
persisted far too long. In the euphoria of
victory some guerrilla commanders wanted
more than they got. For example, in 1977
just after the third party congress, a
number of high-ranking officers had to be
arrested. They were charged with causing
“a separation” between the people and the
armed forces. Among them were the
commanders and deputy commanders of
two of the infantry battalions. It was in part
because of this that a special party
secretariat for defence and security was set
up. It has not been a total success. In
February 1981 Machel himself admitted
that the previous month’s raid on Maputo
had been possible because of army
corruption and incompetence. Vital
messages were delayed and it took 10 hours
for General Mabote, the Chief of Ground
Staff, to get the news of the border
crossing. Eight traitors were subsequently
identified, one being the head of General
Mabote’s own office.

A few months later, Machel was publicly
admitting there had been many complaints
about the army, comprehensively accusing it
of intimidation, repression, armed robbery,
rape, torture and bribery. In mid-1981, 92
members of the Ministry of Defence’s own
workshops went on trial for corruption.

Even in April 1982, Joao Phalembe a
former top guerrilla commander and
Governor of Gaza, was sacked for immoral
conduct and President Machel later spoke
of ambition, individualism, intrigue, abuse
of power and sexual corruption. Examples
could be multiplied.

It was not until 1982 that the administra-
tion and the army really began to pull itself
together and look for a coherent strategy to
deal with the MNR threat. Efforts were made
to rebuild the guerrilla ethos of the armed
forces and the army’s political awareness. It
was at this time that the Ussr’s head of
political administration in the army,
General Alexei Yepichev, paid a visit to
Mozambique. Old FRELIMO veterans were
recalled to the colours and significantly a

53

number were elected to the central
committee of the party at the fourth
congress in April 1983. These included
some like Manuel Manjicke who had
previously been expelled for arrogance and
corruption in 1978, Candido Mondlane, a
brilliant guerrilla commander, who had
been dismissed for “high living,” was
brought back in 1982; last May he was
appointed major-general for his part in the
operations against the MNR in the south.

There have been a number of military
shake-ups. Former guerrilla commanders
were appointed to be provincial military
leaders in March 1982; but the process has
not finished. Last August, Brigadier Ajope
(who commanded the operations against
the Rhodesians in 1979) was appointed to
head military operations in Zambesi:
other top officers were also appointed to
the same task force. At the same time a
number of senior officers were sacked,
accused of incompetence and more
seriously of failing to fight over the
previous six months.

More important has been the decision to
organise a local militia. Training started in
1982 and over 400 Tanzanians have arrived
to help; and Portugal provided some 17
tons of guns and uniforms. :

President Machel has been emphasising
the old guerrilla virtues of the army
producing its own food, not taking it from
the people, and of organising the local
population politically.

Army training has also been adapted.
Special commando units have been set up.
North Korea has trained an anti-guerrilla
brigade which became operational in late
1983. In the light of the activity of the
North Korean-trained Sth brigade in
Zimbabwe and its operations in
Matebeleland, this might seem counter-
productive. But the unit will be commanded
by Fernando Honwana, one of Machel’s
top advisers, and it is unlikely to get out of
control. Zimbabwe itself is being
approached to provide Nco training. On his
recent visit to Britain, Machel got an
agreement to send Mozambican officers to
Sandhurst Military Academy.

The results of the new policies and of new
tactics first began to be visible in late 1982
and early 1983 when General Mabote, now
Vice-Minister of Defence, took personal
charge of operations in Gaza province.
Bringing in several extra battalions, and
with the aid of the 1,000 Zimbabwean
troops who help patrol the rail and oil
pipeline links to Zimbabwe, a string of MNR
bases were wiped out. The MNR pulled out

of Gaza early in 1983. But successes like
these, while possible, will be fragile while
South Africa continues to provide the
support it does for the MNR, and while the
army’s discipline remains fragile.

Mozambique needs much more
weaponry for a proper counter-guerrilla
strategy; and it needs heavier material to
deter South Africa. The two problems are
indivisible. General Mabote put in a bid



ZAMBIA

RECENT PRICE INCREASES ON ESSENTIAL PRODUCTS CONDEMNED
Shapi's Condemation
Wisaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 20 Dec 83 p 1

[Text] COPPERBELT Member of the Central Committee Mr Alex Shapi has condemned
the recent price increases on cooking oil and soap announced by Indeco saying
the consumer is being pushed against the wall.

Mr Shapi warned that there would be chaos in Zambia if the Party ahd its Gov-
ernment failed to control the ever rising prices, especially of essential goods
while wages and:salaries of the workers remained stagnant.

Mr Shapi is the first top Party leader to condemn the price rises. HB was
speaking to Party leaders from several wards at Ndola's Masala Secondary School
hall yesterday. ‘

"At every end and beginning of a new year there come things which confuse the
people. The decontrol of prices came last January and now towards the end of
the year prices are Being increased. This is because we have let increases of
prices a free-for-all affair and if left unchecked, it will bring chaos in the
country."

He accused parastatal and private company heads of doing things aimed at making
the people’revolt against the Party and its Government because it was always
before or after the national Budget that price increases were announced in a
most "wild manner".

He warned that. Zambia must take a leaf from governments in other countries
whtbh had fallen mainly because of astronomical prices while the peopless per-
sonal income remained low.

“The Party and its Government should take this prices issue very sériously be-
cause it is going to lead to the collapse of the nation. One of the main rea-
sons which has led to the fall of some countries is the higher prices and
stagnant wages and salaries. Zambia has been set on the same path," Mr Shapi
warned.

He said if what the Sunday Times reported this week was true then he was a
"very sad leader" because his understanding was that the Prices and Incomes

77



ZAMBIA

ZCTU EXPRESSES CONCERN ABOUT SECOND PRICE INCREASE IN ONE YEAR
‘Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 18 Dec 83 p 1

[Excerpt] THE Zambia Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) has expressed concern
over the price increases of essential commodities before the Budget next month.

ZCIU Secretary-General Mr Newstone yesterday that it was disturbing that while
workers were in the process of getting relief from the ten per cent salary in-
crease, a second set of price increases had been released within ¢he’same year.

Speaking when he officially opened the Zambia Union of Financial Institutions
and Allied Workers (ZUFIAW) annual conference, Mr Zimba said the labour move-
ment was equally against the abolition of student allowances.

"It is a futile exercise to call on the people to sacrifice in order for them
to get impoverished and contribute to the. stagnation of the economy which
directly endangers peace and stability.

"We do not agree with these price increases which have beaten our members below
their last breathing bowels. We do not even see the sense of abolishing student
allowances", he said.

It was unfair to withdraw student allowances when those for many privileged
people in the administrative bureaucracy of the State and enterprises remained
untouched.

There were far too many unproductive jobs which did not need a commission of
inquiry to be done away with.

CsO: 3400/451

83



LAND DISPUTE CAUSES MOB ATTACK ON THREE VILLAGES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Dec 83 p 1

(Text]

cso:

3400/451

EIGHT people have been admitted to the’

Lusaka ‘University Teaching Hospital after
three villages were attacked by a mob over
aland dispute.

The attackers went on an orgy of destruction at
Susman resettlement east of Lusaka on Monday.

Terrified men, women and children took to the
bush and fear returning to their homes because the
raiders from other villages had vowed they would
burn their shacks. .

Police have now stationed a platoon in the area
to maintain law and order.

Lusaka Province police chief Mr Geoffrey Mu-
kuma said yesterday a ‘‘number of people’’. had
been picked up for questioning. ‘Some will be
charged with assault and others with malicious da-
mage to property."*

Mr Mukumna confirmed that at least eight peonle
had been admitted to UTH after the attack.

Villagers in the affected areas reported that after
destroying their property some of the raiders looted
their houses grabbing anything they could lay their
hands on, -

The reason for the fight was land.

The incident started last Friday when a. man from

a nearby village crossed into the Susman resettie-
ment and started sowing seeds in a garden that was
allegedly not his. +
‘Some youths beat him up and ordered him off the
land. - . “
_ When his people"heard what had happened, they
‘mobilised themselves into a small army ready to
attack those on the resettlement, said Mr Hartison
‘Zambara from Kapapi village. .

Mr Peter Mwemba from the same village said
the mob accompanied: by women and children
singing war songs pursued him into. the bush,
caught him and brought him to his house for ‘‘some

ating, .

90

ZAMBIA



"We have already restored the Boane-Maputo and Maputo-Ressano Garcia trunk lines,
as well as the international lines and the high frequencies on Monte Ponduine,

in Namaacha. At this time Moamba and Boane already have service. The only thing
left to repair is the Namaacha line, which.we expect to restore tomorrow," a
Mozambique Post and Telecommunications source reported.

In addition, most of the downed poles in the Alto Mae, Machava and Matola zones
have been uprighted and the rest should be put up in the next week.

The real work, however, will be to repair the breakdowns in the telephones them-
selves. This is expected to begin next week.

"This will be a slow job, because a large increase in breakdowns was registered
as a result of the storm. At the moment, 900 phones are out of order, 470 of
them in the Baixa zone and 370 in Machava and Matola. We hope to ease this situa-
tion by the end of next week, but we will not complete all the repairs, not only
because there are so many breakdowns but also because of the problem of the lack
of materials," the source added.

6362
CSO: 3442/86

60



Vieira Explains ‘Operation Production"
Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 7 Oct 83 “Especial/Mocambique" Suppl. pp VI, VII

[Text] “One of the consequences of ‘Operation Production‘

will be the development of Portuguese as a language of national
unity," said Col Sergio Vieira, governor of Niassa, in
Lichinga during an interview with 0 JORNAL; he also a former
minister of agriculture and a former governor of the Bank

of Mozambique. Considered to be one of the "hardliners"

in FRELIMO, Sergio Vieira is one of the chief defenders and
"ideologists" of “Operation Production" whose causes and
political and cultural consequences he analyzes in this
interview for O JORNAL.

Following the recent Fourth FRELIMO Congress, Col Sergio Vieira was transferred
from the Ministry of Agriculture to the position of governor of Niassa. His
agricultural background and the experience he gathered during the liberation
struggle-~in which he distinguished himself--enabled him, from Lichinga, to
implement a new dynamic effort in the most rural of all Mozambican provinces.

This effervescence is noticed soon after the first contacts with the situation
in Niassa. This effervescence is also and above all a product of a “phenomenon!
called “Operation Production.”

“We Want to Urbanize the Rural Areas"

Here is how Sergio Vieira explained “Operation Production" to us; “There is

a first aspect which has to do with the development of our province: We con~
stitute 16.5 percent of national territory and we only have 545,000 inhabi-
tants. A correct exploitation of our resources would thus be impossible

with so few people. This influx of people as a result of ‘Operation Production
will enable us to have a little more in the way of social division of labor
and, consequently, greater output.

“The second aspect of this operation is the materialization of national
unity. It was easy to say ‘Down with tribalism and racism.’ Today the full
complexity of Mozambique is reflected in Niassa.

“and here is the third aspect: We are going into a healthy confrontation which
is a stimulus--it is the food habits of Niassa which will he confronted with
the good or bad traditions of the other parts of the country. This will
permit a significant variation in the diet. This entire impetus will be
reflected in the quality of life in medium-range terms. In Niassa we can say
that there is no large-scale hunger. We also want to make sure that there
will bé no lack of quality either. Culturally speaking there are new tradi-
tions which will broaden the province's cultural horizons,

"Here is the fourth aspect; Most of the former unproductive individuals came
from urban areas and they harhor some negative and positive aspects, But our
intention is to urbanize the rural areas and not to keep it in its primitive
stage, in the same conservative attitude that is found in the rural areas in

33



TANZANIA

FIRST CONSIGNMENT OF TIRES, TUBES NEEDED TO TRANSPORT FERTILIZER ARRIVES
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 20 Dec 83 p 1

[Excerpt]

THE first consignment of 805

tyres and 185 tubes ‘needed by ~

transporters in the operation
to ferry 10,715 tonnes of fer-
tiliser ‘to Songea arrived in
Dar es Salaam from Arusha
yesterday,

Confirming the reports
yesterday, Ministry of In-
dustries sources said the tyres
and tubes had arrived in six
trucks from the Arusha-based
General Tyre Company.

The consignment contains
338 tyres of size 1100 by 20;
469 tvres of size 1200 by 20
and 185 tubes of size 11/1200
by 20.

The reports say the tubes
are uniform and could fit in
any of the two tyres sizes.
This is the first consignment
of the much needed tyres.

A meeting of ministers,

cso: 3400/454

Government and relevant
parastacal officials, chaired by
rime’ Minister Edward
Sokoine in Dar es Salaam last
Thursday decided that 578
tyres and tubes should have
been distribyted by yesterday.
These would be allocated to
trucks’ belonging to the Zam-
bia-Tanzanid Road Services,
CORETCO! and KAURU
which are béing mobilised to
ferry the fertiliser from the
Makambako' ‘rail-head to
Songea, Ruvyma Region.

It was not immediately
known yesterflay whether the
tyres had begn distributed to
the transporters. A committee
comprising Government and
parastatal officials is charged
with the responsibility “of
allocating. the tyres and tubes.
*. The committee ‘consists of
officials from;the ministries of
Agriculture, ‘Industries, and

Industries,

Some private transporters +

involved in the operation were
also issued with -tyres and
tubes last week by the com-
mittee appointed by the Prime
Minister's Office. :

These include Haideri
Roadways, Masumuni
Transporter, Ruvuma
Distributors, Magomeni
Motors, Maleme Tran-
sporters, Giga Transporters
and Usafirishaji Mkoani
Union.

It is understood that the
transporters have already
begun ferrying the commodity
to Songea, but details about
the movement of fertiliser
were unavailable yesterday.

73

Communications and: ‘Tran-
sport as well as the Tanzania
Fertiliser Company (TFC),
the National Transport Com-
pany (NTC), National
Chemical ‘Industries (NCI)
and the General Tyre Com-
pany. .

‘At least 167 trucks are to be
mobilised by the Government
in the operation which should
last between 35 and 40 days.

Officials of the Prime
‘Minister’s Office said yester-
day that ‘the tyres and tubes
aspect of. the operation was
being co-ordinated by the
Ministry of Industries and
that TFC was handling the
trucks aspects.

The TFC Marketing
Manager, Ndugu O. Mollel,

: said he would issue a report

today after clearing the mat-
ter with his parent Ministry of



the interior. We can thus already evaluate the positive aspects of ‘Operation
Production, '" .

"A Growing Portuguese"

Urbanizing the rural areas--the very idea calls for a polemic. Sergio Vieira
is a polemical person. When we asked him whether he did not think that, in
long-range terms, native, original languages would disappear in Niassa, the
governor replied.calmly:

"All the languages that do not develop will die. The life of a language
exists in the life of society. One of the consequences of ‘Operation Pro~
duction’ on this level will be the development of Portuguese as the language
of national unity. But what will that Portuguese be like several years from
now? It will be a different, growing Portuguese, perhaps contrary to the
desire of the purists.

"National unity will materialize in this fashion. This is a new stage in the
formation of the Mozambican national which results from the combination of
various factors: The colonial phenomenon; the liberation struggle under the
direction of FRELIMO which created a community of historical identity; the
mixture of people, of cultures, and of efforts, In the case of Mozambique,
the nation is not being forged under the hegemony of feudalism and of capital-
ism but indeed under the hegemony of the working classes."

The "Non-Heritage" of Niassa

And what are the main difficulties in Niassa? Sergio Vieira paused with an
ironic silence and then replied laconically: “The heritage."

Here is how he explained that: “Indirect colonialism developed in this pro-
vince. Most of the territory of Niassa did not have the conventional colonial
presence. We had a kind of indirect colonialism here which was implemented
through the feudal landowners.. We had districts where we never had any
schools or hospitals. Most of the roads were built by us. Some districts did
not have any. We built the schools and hospitals. Therefore, when I speak
of ‘heritage,’ what we should actually say is non-heritage. But, even so,

we still do not have a correct network of roads and lines of communication.
At any rate, we have great prospects as far as minerals are concerned. There
are no fishing activities here. While Malawi gets 50,000-60,000 tons of fish
from the lake, we get nothing. The farms were operated only by the settlers.
Before, Matama covered something like 100 hectares. The region's potential--
soybeans, beans, wheat, potatoes, vegetables--were never developed, There
was some cotton farming in the southern part of Niassa. We were quite in-
experienced in livestock operations."

Deposits of Coal, Uranium, and Iron
Turning Niassa into a model, urbanizing the rural areas, as Sergio Vieira puts

it, but turning the agricultural base into the main instrument for the pro-
vince's development, making up for lost time but also investing in other

areas of activity.

34



three military commands and the stepped-up recruitment of troops, precisely
in Transvaal, as well as the increase in South Africa's military budget.

So Mozambique feels truly threatened by all this military preparation by South
Africa.

South Africa knows the extent of our militarycapacity very well, but it is add-
ing greatly to its own capacity, although it is already adequate to take on all
the countries of southern Africa.

[Question] So, in terms of the balance of forces, Mozambique is unprotected?

[Answer] Mozambique is unprotected in that sense, because it does not have the
necessary materiel. But this does not mean that if South Africa attempts this
aggression, it will come out unscathed and victorious. The human factor and
justice count for much.

Western Military Cooperation Praised

[Question] Is note already being taken in Mozambique of the aid from the Wes-
tern countries in defense of the nation's territorial integrity?

[Answer] Well, military cooperation with Western countries is already beginning
to be noted, ‘but on a limited scale--very few countries are involved so far.
Portugal is one of them. In any event, this cooperation is not enough to change
the balance of forces between Mozambique and South Africa. We feel, however,
that the positionof these few Western countries is praiseworthy, because it is
very valuable strategic ally.

Opposition

[Question] The newspaper LE MONDE, reporting on actions of the self-styled
Mozambican Natonal Resistance [RNM], speaks of the "movement in oppositim to
the Samora Machel regime." Do you think the RNM is having an increasing inter-
national impact?

[Answer] Well, LE MONDE and all the Western newspapers (I don't know if yours
is included) have persistently referred to the RNM "movement," a "movement" which
does not exist. It is a "national resistance" which does not exist. There are
armed bands, armed bands organized by South Africa.

It is all very well for the Western journalists to call the RNM a "movement" in
“opposition to the regime," but in fact there is no opposition in Mozambique.
Just talk to the people. There are enormous problems in Mozambique, and the
people feel them keenly (now there is even-a water shortage in Maputo and the
people are unhappy-~and I'm unhappy, too, because we have no water at our house).
But the people have great confidence--and this was demonstrated on May Day, after
the end of our congress--in their government, in their party, because they know
that their party and their government are concerned. The party and the govern~
ment are the first to say to the people that we are suffering and that we have
problems, and to explain why we are suffering and why we have problems, And we
are searching for solutions, together with the people .

49



We must likewise not forget the significance, in FRELIMO and in the administra-
tion, of white leaders, most of whom have a Western technical education, men
such as Jacinto Veloso (in effect the number-two man in the government
hierarchy, minister for economic affairs in the office of the president);

Rui Baltasar (minister of finance, graduate of Coimbra), Jose Luis Cabaco
(minister of information).

“FRELIMO does not have a monolithic leadership." The reporter from O JORNAL
was able to observe the correctness of this statement during a stay of a
month and a half in Mozambique: Leaders and members of the administration
discuss much, advocating personal opinions many times. But there is a strange
kind of friendship among all. There is a noteworthy capacity for criticism
and self-criticism.

This is why, as a single party, FRELIMO has little in common with the single
parties in Eastern Europe and especially it has very little in common with
the Portuguese Communist Party which seems to continue to understand not at
all well what is really going on in Mozambique.

Pequenos Libombos Dam
Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 7 Oct 83 "Especial/Mocambique" Suppl. p IV

[Text] The Pequenos Libombos Dam, 30 kilometers from
Maputo, will significantly increase the water supply

to the Mozambican. capital and will permit the irrigation
of about 17,000 hectares of land. The project, budgeted
at $100 million, was started in February of this year and
should be completed by the end of 1986. This is a project
which at the time was also studied by the Portuguese
administration; after independence, the Mozambican authori-
ties assigned priority and vital importance to it,

The growth of the city of Maputo in recent decades has rendered its water
catchment and supply system insufficient among other things due to the

absence of a local aquifer reservoir which would make it possible to cope
with the long periods of drought that are so characteristic of the region.
In view of the drought, which hit southern Africa in recent years, the

question hecame even more pressing and problems deteriorated to the point
where periodic increases in the water supply to the city became necessary.

A substantial water reserve will be created through the construction of the
Pequenos Lihombos dam on the Umbeluzi River; during its construction phase
it will make it possible to regulate the flow rate in the river downstream
from the dam so as to improve the water catchment and supply conditions for

the capital.

The dam will also permit the deyelopment of the region through the previously
mentioned irrigation plan.

22



battalions; and the 7th division’s
mechanised brigade composed of one tank
and three mechanised battalions. The other
four brigades in the two divisions are
technically motorised but they are being up-
rated to full mechanised status. In addition,
there is the special recce regiment and the
three battalion-strong paratroop brigades.
The capacity of the two strike, brigades at
full strength amounts to about 180 main
battle tanks and 250 armoured cars and
armoured personnel carriers, When the
other four brigades are fully mechanised
they will add another 240 tanks and 600
armoured cars and pcs. The total
manpower involved would then amount to
40,000 men.

The South African army uses Oliphant
tanks, an adaptation of the British Centurion
which carries a 105mm _gun. It is slower
than the Russian-made T34s and T54s used
by Mozambique but it can out-gun either
and the latest models have been re-engined
to give greater speeds. The armoured cars
and APCs available to South Africa are
various. They include the AML Eland Mk IV
(a South African version of the French
Panhard AML) armed with either 90mm
guns or 60mm mortars. The brigades have
powerful artillery support with Sexton 25
pounder (88mm) self-propelled anti-tank
guns with 12,000 metre range, as well as the-
South African-made G5 155mm guns and
the latest G6 155mm _ self-propelled
howitzers, though these last have yet to
become operational. When they do, they
will be able to out-range anything
Mozambique has. They are, in fact,
claimed to be better than anything
comparable in the world and were specially
developed to deal with the 122mm guns
used by the Cubans with great effect in
Angola in 1976/1977 against the South
Africans. The G6 has a range of 40,000
metres, a speed of up to 90kms-an-hour on
good roads and a fire rate of four shells a
minute.

Air support for all this armour includes
the Impala (South Africa’s version of the
Italian Aeronautica Maachi MB 326 K light
attack-plane) which carries bombs and air-
to-surface missiles; and the Mirage F 1AZ
ground-attack fighter. The South Africans
also have four helicopter squadrons, two
with 316/319 Alouette 111s which can carry
half a dozen troops but which are mainly
used as helicopter gunships being armed
with air-to-surface missiles, canon and
machine guns and 68mm rockets, The other
helicopter units fly Puma armed transport
machines which can carry 20 men apiece

and Super Frelon heavy-duty helicopters :

which carry 30 men each.

Mozambique’s forces cannot compare
with this weight of firepower. There is a tank
brigade and its main force of seven infantry
brigades is organised in a sophisticated mix
of tank, mechanised, artillery and air
defence battalions in each brigade. But the
tanks are mostly the outdated T34s, only

armed with 8mm guns and most recently ©

52

the T54s and T55s which still suffer by
comparison with the Oliphant.

The tank battalions are not yet up to full
strength, nor are the mechanisd units
though they have a variety of useful APCs,
including BTR 60s and 152s as well as the
@RDM reconnaissance vehicles and the BTR
40s armed with Sagger anti-tank guided
weapon systems. .

Air support, too, is limited, to the MiG
i7s, though MiG 21s are expected, and a
handful of troop-carrying Mi8 helicopters.

In artillery, Mozambique does have the
formidable BM21 rocket launchers which
have a range of 20,000 metres as well as the
122mm and 130mm guns which range up to
23,000 and 27,000 metres. Anti-tank
capacity is also provided by M101 105mm
howitzers.

Air defence is provided by zsu 23-4
considered one of the best weapons avail-
able; and by sa3 and sa6 missile systems.
Both are low level/medium-range missiles
— it was the sa6s which suffered so much at
Israeli hands in the Beka’a valley in 1982.
There are also SAM7s which are operator-
aimed, infra-red, homing missiles which
operate up to about a quarter of the range
of the others, about 6,500 metres.

Mozambique’s military problems since
independence have been two-fold. After
independence Mozambique decided to
move away from the guerrilla-type force
which had won the war against the
Portuguese and try to organise a
conventional army in the face of what it saw
as the main threat — from Rhodesia and
South Africa. So the present army is the
result of a slow process to that end. It still
has a long way to go although in October
1979 it performed very creditably in
blunting a Rhodesian invasion force; and
the artillery battalion sent to help Tanzania
in the war against Amin in 1979 proved its
worth against the Libyans and at Kampala.

The army could not defeat any major
South African invasion using the forces
mentioned above; but it could perhaps give
it unacceptably high casualties. Casualty
rates, as the South African operations in
Namibia and Angola have demonstrated,
are a political factor in South Africa and
the White population is sensitive to them. It
is, therefore, vital for Mozambique that it
keeps at least this capacity to damage any
South African incursions seriously.

But the army’s efforts to build up a
strong conventional force have been
distracted over the last couple of years by
the resurrection of the Mozambique
National Resistence (MNR), the most
immediately apparent threat, and one the
-reoganised conventional army has been
largely unable to meet.

The original operations of the Rhodesian
organised MNR came to an end in late 1979
when its leader, Andre Mutade Matsangai,
was killed. The subsequent loss of
Rhodesian support as Zimbabwe became
independent and an internal power struggle
virtually broke the MNR. Only massive


SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

UDISTP DENOUNCES REGIME, CALLS FOR PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 1 Dec 83 p 5

[Text] In a document which reached our desk yesterday, the Democratic and
Independent Union of Sao Tome e Principe (UDISTP) denounced the "totalitarian,
tyrannical and aggressive regime installed in Sao Tome e Principe" as most unsuit-
able for the Sao Tomian people, because it disregards the most elementary liberties
and rights of men. The document also says that the Sao Tomian people are oppressed
and are seriously threatened with losing their quality and character as a nation,
which is becoming a feudal state.

In the document, the UDISTP says. that the way to save Sao Tome and its people

is to unite all the forces of opposition to form a front to fight the regime;

it declares that the government and the political leadership of the MLSTP are
illegitimate and that the “totalitarian and tyrannical regime " headed by Manuel
Pinto da Costa must be overthrown, by any means possible.

Thus the UDISTP stresses the need to form a provisional government, the purpose

of which will be to convene a national constituent assembly, elected by universal
and secret vote, to adopt measures to insure the formal administration of govern-
ment and of the state, and to implement immediate measures of a material, economic,
social and cultural nature to guarantee the effective future exercise of the
political liberties of the citizens.

The document which we received from the UDISTP declares that it will then be
necessary to promote freedom of meeting and association, to permit the formation
of political associations, the nuclei of future political parties, and to guaran-
tee union freedom--indispensable foundations for the functioning of a truly demo-
cratic state. Finally, the document affirms the vital need to create secure
bases for economic and social recovery.

6362
CSO: 3442/84

61



MOZAMBIQUE

GDR ‘Solidarity’ Ship Brings Aid to Maputo
(NOTICTAS, 30 Nov 83) sccccescccscccccccsccccssccces

Lisbon Special Report on Country's Economic, Political

Development
(O JORNAL, 7 Oct 83) seccsesecccccccccvccccceccssces

Information Minister Speaks Up
Pequenos Libombos Dam

Profile of Niassa Province

Vieira Explains ‘Operation Production’
Economy Survey

Foreign Affairs Minister on Portuguese Prisoners, Regional

Issues
(Joaquim Chissano Interview; 0 JORNAL, 30 Sep 83)..

Country's Military Capabilities Against South Africa, MNR
Guerrillas Described
(AFRICA NOW, Dec 83) .cccccccccccvccccccescccssccons

Portuguese Missionary Reportedly Murdered by MNR
(O JORNAL, 1 Dec 83) .cccccccccccccccccccsvsssscsecs

Data Processing Center Training Program
(Marcelino Silva; NOTICIAS, 29 Nov 83)..seccesseeee

New Fish Marketing Plan in Beira
(NOTICIAS, 26 Nov 83).csccccccccccvsccccccccecevces

Reservoir Filling at Massingir Dam
(NOTICIAS, 25 Nov 83)ssesccsscssccsccccccceccvences

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

UDISTP Denounces Regime, Calls for Provisional Government
(O DIA, 1 Dec 83). cceccccccvcccccsecesescesseescsece

SOMALIA

Negative, Positive Impact of International Aid to Nation
(AFRICA NOW, Nov 83) .cccceccccccccscccccrcccsccecees

Former Minister Held in Solitary
(AFRICA NOW, Nov 83) .ccvcccccccveccccscccssscscssece

TANZANIA
ZCCM To Ship Almost Eighty Percent of Exports Through Dar
es Salaam
(John Waluye; DAILY NEWS, 22 Dec 83).ssscoseececoeee

-~b-

12

15

44

51

55

56

58

59

61

62

64

66


The implementation of Facim 83 in Maputo made it possible to familiarize
Portuguese exporters with the crucial needs of the Mozambican economy. The
exporters will therefore have to orient their offers toward products related
to the primary sector in view of the priority which the Mozambican government
is about to assign to this sector which is so vital to its economy.

41



Portugal thus lost the position which it had as a supplier.

Over the past 3-1/2 years, the volume of purchases in Portugal increased
substantially while there has been practically a stagnation in supply shipments.
Consequently, the coverage rate dropped from 59.2 percent to 14.6 percent.

On the other hand, the development of the structure of Portugal's main exports
to Mozambique is highly irregular with the exception perhaps of products such
as “cotton fabrics" (80.5 percent of purchases in Mozambique during the first
half of this year) and “medications for human and veterinary medicine." The
same is not true of the development of the structure of the main products
exported by Mozambique where we note a certain rigidity.

Imports: People's Needs Vs. Priority Items

The foreign trade of the People's Republic of Mozambique is nationalized.
Government intervention is thus making itself felt in various ways: Both
through the coordination of government agencies in terms of more effective
control of operations with foreign countries and through the subordination of
the various agencies to the obligation to supply the estimates of their
import requirements by the end of each year, Centralization is currently
handled through the National Directorate of Commerce.

Given the way in which the foreign trade of Mozambique is organized, the best
way to get into this market is through contact with enterprises authorized

to import goods. .

To import commodities into Mozambique it is necessary to register previously
in the BRI (Import Register Bulletin) through the National Directorate of
Foreign Trade,

There are five priority levels for goods to be imported:

1st level; Basic products intended to meet the essential needs of the popula-
tion, pharmaceutical products and the like;

Equipment and products for agriculture;

Petroleum products;

Spare parts;

Equipment for priority production activities;

Raw materials for priority production activities;

2nd level: Products needed for the well-being of the population;

Raw materials and equipment for less essential production activities;

3rd level: Articles of lesser interest for the well-being of the population;

39



SOMALIA

FORMER MINISTER HELD IN SOLITARY

London AFRICA NOW in English Nov 83 p 84

[Text] Omar Arteh Ghalib, a former Somali Foreign Minister, was arrested with
six other officials for opposing President Barreh. They have been held incom-
unicado for more than a year and one, Warsame Ali Farah, has recently died in

detention.

Ghalib, Farah and the others were arrested on June 9 1982 after they had tried
to organise members of the Central Committee of the ruling party’to vote against
the renomination for a further term of President Siyad Barreh. They are also
believed to have criticised his rule and government policies.

They were charged under National Security Law 54 with “endangering the inde-
pendence, unity and security of the state" and "conspiracy against the state."
Each offence carries a mandatory sentence of death and confiscation of proper-
ty. The National Security Law of 1970 provides for the death penalty for a
large number of offences, including treason, sedition, going on strike and "us-
ing religion to destroy the unity of the nation."

The authorities have given no details of the basis for the charges or a date
for the detainees’ trial before the National Security Court. This court,
which has regional sections, is composed mainly of army and police officers,
often without legal training. Legal representation is permitted but most legal
safeguards for defendants in civil courts are absent. Trials are generally
summary and defendants have no right of appeal.

Omar Arteh Ghalib was Foreign Minister from 1969 to 1976. He was educated at
Bristol University in the UK. He is 53 and is married with 12 children.

At the time of his arrest he was First Vice-Speaker of the People's National
Assembly as well as being a member of the Central Committee of the Somali
Revolutionary Socialist Party, the sole legal political party.

The other six people detained at the same time as Ghalib were also all members
of parliament and of the Central Committee. They were Warsame Ali ,arah, Third
Vice-President Ismail Ali Abokor, Colonel Osman Mohamed Ghelle, Major-General
Omar Haji Mohamed, Mohamed Aden Sheikh and Mohamed Yusuf Weirah.

64



Aware that the early 1982 chill in relations with western Europe could jeo-
pardise vitally-needed economic assistance, the foreign ministry attempted to
patch up relations. But the plan was beset with problems. In May 1982 finan-
cial stricture had influenced the closure of 13 Ghanaian embassies, including
those in Denmark and the Netherlands. By the end of the year all its embassies
in Scandinavia had shut down. Negotiations with France over mining development
in Ghana did go ahead, but there was no follow-up to exploit French offers to
assist agricultural development. Relations with West Germany were stretched
virtually to snapping point after Tsikata's allegations of West German destabil-
isation of the regime. .

On the African front a number of potentially rewarding relationships were left
in abeyance. Algeria, whose independence war was strongly supported by
Nkrumah, maintained until recently a full-fledged ambassador in Accra, while
Ghana ran its Algiers embassy with a charge’ d'affaires. The Algerian ambassa-
dor was then recalled for health reasons, leaving Ghana with only a thread of
contact with Algiers. The closure, for financial reasons, of Ghanaian embas-
sies in Benin, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Angola, Zaire, Zambia and Kenya,
has not resulted in much lost opportunity. But bad relations with nearby West
african states do have a serious economic impact, in particular the closure of
Ghana's border with Togo, the traditional route for much of Ghana's land
traffic. Nigeria, though it provides oil to Ghana on short-term credit, is
regarded by Accra as a somewhat dubious partner because Nigeria harbours a
number of anti-Rawlings Ghanaians, the same applies to Liberia and Ivory Coast.

The only friends the regime has in the region are Capt. Thomas Sankara in

Upper Volta, Mathieu Kerekou in Benin and Col. Moussa Traore in Mali. Tsikata
appears intent on keeping foreign affairs within his grasp.

CSO: 3400/449



COUNTRY'S MILITARY CAPABILITIES AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA, MNR GUERRILLAS.. DESCRIBED

MOZAMBIQUE

London AFRICA NOW in English Dec 83 pp 86-88

[Text]

South African armoured columns striking
across the border into Mozambique, seizing
Maputo and setting up a puppet
administration in the south of the country.
This, was the iene, which By secret
ean int ce_ report year
reckoned could lead to the overthrow of
President Machel within 48 hours.

A “worst case” scenario it might be, but
the possibility of a South African invasion
of this kind’ is of real concern to
Mozambique — particularly. since South
(Africa's close ally, Israel, invaded Lebanon

year.
The Israeli Defence Force (1DF) punched
across the border into Lebanon in three
fast-moving columns. One moved up the
Coast, sprearheaded by Centurian tanks,
followed by mechanised infantry brigades
in armoured personnel carriers and getting
pian 4 h alse
planes. column also got support from
amphibious armour and infantry units
shipped up the coast to bypass PLO
Positions. Another tank-led column seized
the bridge over the Litani river in the centre
of the area; the third column in the east
took the Beaufort Castle using self-
propelled artillery and helicopter-borne
infantry units to leapfrog over PLO
positions as far as the Syrian armour in the
’a valley.

The Syrians were neutralised by the
destruction of their sam 6 surface-to-air
missile complexes, by the shooting down of
nearly 30 MiG fighters and the destruction
of dozens of tanks. Five days after the start
of the Operation a ceasefire was called, with
most of the Israeli aims achieved, apart
from the removal of the PLO defences in
Beirut, even though it had all taken longer
than expected cost an estimated $1.5bn.

Subsequently, the 1DF was less successful,
with its efforts to set up an administration
in South Lebanon under Major Haddad
and his Christian militia failing to get off
the ground,

levertheless, in those five days, June 6 to
11, the IDF had smashed through a trained
and highly motivated force of some 5,000

ort from ground attack fighter '

51

PLO fighters, equip with 80 tanks and
over 300 artillery pieces, among them the
40-barrelled BM 21 rocket-launchers and the
ZsU 23-4 anti-aircraft guns as well as the
more usual guerrilla weapons like RPG7
anti-tank rifles and saM7s. The PLO had
even been expecting the attack. When it
came, the Israeli speed, fire-power and
numbers (which amounted to 65,000 by the
end of the operation), proved just too
much,

Mozambique is well aware that South
Africa could put together much the same
sort of attack. On a number of occasions,
notably in Angola, it has shown it is
prepared to do so. Six years ago the
commander of the South African Defence
College was lecturing his students on the
specific importance to be attached to Israeli
tactics. Only last year a South African
Defence white paper drew attention to the
need to consider ‘‘seriously”’ conventional
warfare possibilities, as opposed to
guerrilla-style operations. Early in 1983,
Conscription in South Africa was drastically
extended.

The South African raids on the Matola
suburbs of Maputo in January 1981 and in
May 1983 by Impala and Mirage jets have
tested Mozambique’s defences, as did the
pilotless drone spy plane shot down over.
Maputo in June. This was one of the
Israeli-made 11 Scout drones used by the
IDF in the Beka’a Valley in 1982 to draw
Syrian missile fire so that the missile batteries
could be pinpointed and destroyed. Maputo
is only 40 miles away from the border; there
is the big South African military base at
Phalaborwa near the Kruger National Park;
and the air base at Hoedspruit is only a
matter of a few minutes flying time from
Maputo. It would not be difficult for South
African columns to cross the border in
several places.

Should such a decision ever be taken,
South Africa has a formidable force
available; and its strike force capacity is
steadily being increased. There is the 8th
division’s 81st armoured: brigade, made up
of two tank battalions and two mechanised



Personnel training at the CPD is designed, on on hand, "to meet the needs of
the center itself and, on the other hand, the needs of companies and other enti-
ties which have or will come to have computers," the official explained.

In view of the complex nature of information systems, the courses are open only
to workers who have completed the 6th, 9th and 11th grades, for basic, mid-level
and high-level training, respectively.

Exceptions

Occasionally, it happens that workers with a lower level of education are admitted
to the courses for which they would normally not be eligible. This happens with
those who have demonstrated good working skills, and the admission generally
functions as a reward. For example, all the workers who won socialist emulation
awards in the data processing for the first General Population Census were admitted
to the minicomputer programming courses, regardless of their educational level.

Specialization Abroad

Regarding specialized training abroad, we learned that, although the CPD currently
has no workers in training abroad, the center has paid for foreign training

for technicians of ENEME, the company responsible for maintaining the computers;
the technicians are being trained specifically in this area.

Two ENEME technicians are taking 15-month courses abroad, and three more workers
will be sent abroad next January.

Professional Careers

The Secretariat of State for Labor recently approved, provisionally, a profes~
sional career plan in the specific area of data processing; it will have three
distinct levels: basic, mid-level and higher-level. According to our interviewee,
these levels in no way correspond to the levels of the New System of Education
and refer only to the technical-professional expertise to perform the tasks

in each job category.

We also learned that these professional careers are being reviewed, under the
guidance of the Labor Secretariat and with the participation of various other
agencies, to determine the general criteria for this type of activity. Associated
with this review is the definition of the "personnel pyramid" of the CPD, which
will be the basis for manpower planning at the center.

6362
CSO: 3442/86

57



REFUGEE ISSUE STRAINS RELATIONS WITH SIERRA LEONE

London AFRICA NOW in English No 31, Nov 83 p 21

[Text]

cso:

The recent reconciliation between Sierra
Leone’s President Siaka Stevens and
Liberian leader Samue! Doe may be
short-lived if the former continues to

: adopt a negative attitude towards the
: Problem of Sierra Leonean refugees in

Liberia (see Africa Now, July), Liberia
cannot afford to care for them
indefinitely and indications are that
Stevens is not prepared to do anything
about the situation.

As a matter of fact he does not regard
the refugees worthy of his assistance,
having referred to them as bandits afraid
of their shadows. During the
reconciliation talks, Stevens evaded the
refugee issue although it was made clear
that Doe wanted it settled there and then.

That the issue featured again in a
Liberian radio broadcast barely two
weeks after the talks, confirms the view
that Doe is unhappy about Stevens’ foot
dragging. The broadcast, which critics
feel was deliberately planned, was made
‘on the eve of Doe's departure for the
38th session of the UN General
Assembly, and it spoke of 4,000 refugees
still in Liberia. The report said that the
PRC government was encountering
problems in caring for the refugees. The
statement called on security forces to be
more vigilant in ensuring that no more
refugees escaped & Monrovia. has

|, one of Stevens’ grievances
been Doe's continued use of the mass
media, instead of diplomatic channels, in
his efforts to have the issue resolved.
Stevens feels such moves are deliberately
planned to embarrass him. State house
sources in Freetown have already referred
to the recent broadcast as unfriendly and
Provocative,

3400/449

11

Another issue-that may affect the
normalisation of relations is Sierra _
Leone’s slow response to the feasibility
studies report on the Mano River Basin
Development Project. Although the
Project may not be immediately useful to
Sierra Leone, a negative approach to it
may be interpreted by Liberia, which
badly needs it to supplement its electricity
supply, as unfriendly and anti-Union.

Having pumped millions of leones into
the Bumbuna Project, which is in partial
progress, Sierra Leone seems to have a
genuine case in deciding against the Mano
River Hydro Project — at least for the
moment. Already groaning under the
burden of foreign debts, the country is
unlikely to contract fresh loans for a
project with no immediate political or
economic gains.

But diplomatic sources in Monrovia
believe that the broadcast was designed
either to arouse Stevens’ interest in the
plight of his countrymen in Liberia or to
remind him that the PRC government
-cannot afford to continue to care for the
refugees indefinitely — reconciliation
notwithstanding.

Besides, the continued harassment of
citizens on’ either side of the frontier since
the border crisis imply that the recent
reconciliation may be just window
dressing, meant to facilitate a joint
celebration of the 10th anniversary of the
Union. The cracks are still visible.

The stepping up of border operations
by Sierra Leone to check the alleged
smuggling of cocoa, coffee, gold and
diamonds to Liberia may not be taken
kindly by Monrovia. These, coupled with
some lingering hitches still on the
diplomatic table, may make the realisation
of real reconciliation a pipe dream @

LIBERIA



JPRS-SSA- 84-006

13 January 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

ANGOLA
Journalist Tours Southern Area, Describes Military
Situation
(Richard Helmore; AFRICA NOW, Nov 83)..sesssesesoes 1
CAPE VERDE
Briefs
New Port Opens 3

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Relations With Spain on Verge of Collapse
(Alberto Miguez; ABC, 25 Nov 83).scsceccccccccecees 4

Coordinating Junta of Exiled Forces Suffers In-Fighting
(Foday Fofanah; AFRICA NOW, No 32, Dec 83) cecseoes 6

GHANA

,

Cuban Link Unlikely To Flourish Without Soviet Back-Up
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 30 Nov 83)..ccccecccscccccece 8

GUINEA-BISSAU

Cooperation Agreement Signed With FRG
(WEST AFRICA, 5 Dec 83) ..ccccscccccccccsececoccsces 10

LIBERIA

Refugee Issue Strains Relations With Sierra Leone
(AFRICA NOW, No 31, Nov 83).seccecsoecesececoceccee 1

-a- [III - NE & A = 120]



Sewing by Candle Light

I took my leave of the villagers. I went looking for chief Paulino Imede.
"He is in the shop," I was told by a taflor who was placidly making a suit
on an old "Singer" sewing machine,

I entered the shop, the consumer cooperative, A group of persons was
selecting fabrics by candle light, Paulino Imede got up, smiling as always.

The consumer cooperative manager offered me a hig spoon made of a gourd,

I was quite happy. And Paulino Imede smiled much because I was happy. He
embraced me, he smiled once again, and got on his little dismantlable bicycle.
He waved to us with his arm until our jeep disappeared in the red dust of

Lussanhando.

On arriving at the hotel in Lichinga, I tried to take a bath But, “for a
change," there was no water, I only washed my face which was red, the color

of Lussanhando.
"This Here Is a Big Bore"

I had dinner, with fruit salad including papaya (where are the papaya
plantations in Mozambique?) and I went to the movies again to pass the time.
This time the movie was American and it was entitled "SOS Titanic." The
Mozambicans like it and so did this reporter.

On the next day I left for Nampula.and from Nampula I went to the magic world
of the Island of Mozambique.

There was a small group of persons who had been evacuated from Maputo at the
door of the hotel in Lichinga; they were waiting to have breakfast. They
were youngsters with long haircuts, jeans, and dark glasses,

They had come from Maputo a few days ago, Now they were adjusting to the
calm atmosphere in Lichinga.

The strongest of them, a fellow of Indian origin, with a good-hearted expres-
sion, said loudly: “This is a big bore here. There is nothing going on here.
But I did find a couple of guitars and so, if you like, you can play,"

Then came the music made by evacuated musicians,
"They Are Certainly Drugged"
Ricado Dimande, a journalist, delegate of the provincial Broadcasting station

of Radio Mozambique in Lichina and local representative of the Ministry of
Information, came looking for me at the hotel for a meeting with Niassa

Governor Sergio Vieira,

He ran into the young musicians as he came to the hotel and told me: “What
strange people they are, They are certainly drugged,"

32



SANKARA DISCUSSES AIMS OF REVOLUTION

UPPER VOLTA

London AFRICA NOW in English No 32, Dec 83 pp 35-36

{Interview with Captain Thomas Sankara, chairman of the National Revolutionary

Council by Achim Remde; date and place not specified]

[Text]

What is the aim of your revolution?
You must understand that dialogue is out

+ of the question nor can there be an appeal

to charity when redistributing benefits so
far enjoyed only by a minority of Upper
Volta’s 7m population.

It is this minority which alone had access
to education; which controlled the economy,
the army, the police and the judiciary;
which alone was entitled to health care
while the vast majority in the cities and the
bush did not even have a modicum of food,
housing, education or health care. This was
not because they did not work or were lazy,
but because the fruits of their labour were
confiscated by the minority.

We have to apply other means, what we
call the Revolution of August 4, 1983. Our
revolution is trying to provide the Voltaic
people with solutions to these problems and
the assurance that they can be the architects
of their own development — a development
in accord with the country’s means — and
that they can and must struggle for their
dignity. Basically, this is what our
revolution is all about.

Does that mean you are working
towards an egalitarian society?

We are calling for social justice. This is a
humanitarian attitude and it implies that
the majority of the Voltaic people must no
longer suffer from exploitation by a
minority whose power-base was buttressed
by imperialist powers.

Will there be no more rich and poor in
the society which you want to create?

We are determined to succeed. If we do,
Voltaic society will be one in which every-
one’s essential needs will be satisfied. But I
stress essential needs and in order to satisfy
these, those who had a surplus will have to

74

share it with those who did not have even
the minimum. oot

You see, there are those among us whose
drinking water had to be flown in by air, in
bottles. Others, that is between 90-98% of
the population, had to walk up to 15km to
get water — dirty and polluted at that.

Tomorrow, there will be water — and it

' won’t be polluted, but pure, potable water.

Capitalist economy and commerce is
based.on the profit motive — will there be
a place in your system for free enterprise?

‘We are allowing for the existence of free
enterprise in our system, provided that the
interests of the Voltaic people are
respected. This means that the profit which
a capitalist wants to make can only be
realised if he takes the welfate of the
Voltaic people into consideration. |

For example, a capitalist can, in the name
of free enterprise, promote ‘something
which is not morally desirable; with his
money he can even impose this on people
through a powerful publicity campaign. We
don’t want that. We want to preserve our
independence and safeguard the interests of
the people. In certain European countries
publicity for tobacco profits is forbidden,
but in our country such publicity exists and
those who promote it make a profit out of
it.

We do not oppose these entrepreneurs
who help solve our problems of food self-
sufficiency and distribution through their
commercial activities. But there will be no
more of the jungle law of freedom for
profit-making.

To what extent was your revolution

_ inspired by the Libyan-and Ghanaian

revolutions?

Our revolution is not inspired by any
other revolution. There is a lot of mis-
understanding in this respect. Our revolution



Drought since 1979 (the worst of the century);

Attacks by the self-styled RNM (destruction of economic and civilian targets
and lines of communication, murder and kidnapping of citizens).

Spartan Economic Policy

Against the background of this panorama of sacrifices and privations (there
is real hunger in Mozambique), it seems "a miracle" that Mozambique survived.
But the Mozambican "miracle" is nothing more than the practical implementation
of a Spartan economic policy, based on holding imports down, increasing
exports, maintaining a positive foreign exchange balance, and international

price stability.

There is obviously inflation in Mozambique but the fact is that money is
no longer in circulation because of the absence of goods to purchase, Almost
all economic activities are aimed at exports.

The following strategic products are exported: almonds and cashew oil, sugar
and molasses, shrimp, cotton, lumber, tea, cement and clinker, coking coal
and burning coal, tantalum minerals, bagasse, citrus fruits, sisal, tires,
textiles.

“Accumulating Wealth without Capitalist Exploitation"

Only a very small portion of all of these products remains in Mozambique for
domestic consumption: The Mozambicans are sacrificing themselves by investing
in the future. As Minister Jose Luis Cabaco put it, "The important thing

is to accumulate wealth without using the method of exploitation of the worker
through capitalism."

Accumulating wealth without capitalist exploitation is the basis of the under-
standing and the work with all of the countries of the world that want to
cooperate with Mozambique. Portugal knows that but it has never been more
important for the Mozambicans to say so in Lishon so that even the Americans
will understand the terms of the “contract.”

Government Does Not Speak of “United States Imperialism"

Oddly enough, and contrary to the position of the authorities in Angola,

the term “imperialism,” directly associated with the United States of America,
has been abolished in the official language of the Mozambican government in
spite of the fact that, now and then, during indoctrination and political
information programs, Radio Mozambique still emphasizes the expression "United
States imperialism." so

The information minister and FRELIMO Central Committee secretary explained
this to us: “For us, imperialism has no homeland; it is above all a practice,
a process, It so happens that this practice is pursued by the multinationals,
most of which, quite by chance, have their headquarters in the United States,
But we take great care not to confuse things: In our official party and

20



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text ]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical

Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of

Documents, U.S. Government. Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



ZAMBIA

SENANGA OFFICIALS TO RESUME RELIEF TO FAMINE-STRICKEN AREAS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 20 Dec 83 p 2

[Text]

cso;

SENANGA district council officials have been directed to resume

the delivery of relief s to famine-stricken villages

surrounding Liasa depot which was te! closed down

following the kidnapping of the watchman by UNITA forces
9 months ago,

Speaking after Ins; the abandoned depot 19 km north-
west of SI embe eu oma Western Province assistant
secretary Mr sta Kaluba advised the council officials to in-
troduce direct mobile distribution of food supplies to the villag-
ers to avold further disruption of such serv! by the rebel
UNITA forces, :

Earlier police officer in- recorder and his’ wife
charge of Shangombo, Mr Monica, Me
Polycap Busiku informed Mr.- weg, sald hat although
Kaluba that the watchman us) J d were
Mr James Kakundu, was released cight lays Inter
captured on the night of from An; ail the
October 15 together with Mr watchman was

Mwikisa Mushe, a relief

ine

tracks food to the
suete caine

le said that the rebels
wanted to know whether the
velief tracks were es escorted by.
secul vel
Seineteg the food.

In Kabwe, the Central
Province Member of the Cen-
tral Committee’s office is

3400/457

89

mobilising vehicles to deliver
bags of mealie meal to
hunger-stricken Luano valley
in Mkushl district before the

toads become impassable,

The province's acting pe
manent secretary Mire Wa.
mundila Mukelabal who dis-
closed this in Kabwe yester-
day sald a total of 1,621
bags were between August
al September this year
delivei to the starving
villagers In Luano valley.

Ir Mukelabai revealed
that Senior Chief
had written to him that more
mealle meal was necded in
the area as the first consign.
ment had been consumed,

The permanent secretary

sald similar requests had
been recelved other
chiefs.— Zana. .



MOZAMBIQUE

FOREIGN AFFAIRS MINISTER ON PORTUGUESE PRISONERS, REGIONAL ISSUES

Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 30 Sep 83 pp 20-21

fnterview with Joaquim Chissano, Mozambican minister of foreign affairs, by
0 JORNAL special correspondent Antonio Duarte, in Maputo, date not supplied]

[Text] Mozambican Foreign Affairs Minister Joaquim

Chissano said in an interview with 0 JORNAL that the

problem of the Portuguese prisoners in Mozambique "cannot

be weighed in the assessment of the interests and the improved
relations between the two countries.

"This issue is not a problem," Chissano declared, on the
eve of President Samora Machel's visit to Portugal, an occa-
sion which the Portuguese authorities will use to bring up
the question of the Portuguese being held in Mozambique.

In the interview with 0 JORNAL, in his office in Maputo,
Minister Chissano called Machel's visit to Portugal
"historic." He also spoke of the imbalance of forces
affecting Mozambiqué, in view of South Africa's increasing
military power. He praised the "few Western countries"
that are giving some military aid to the Mozambican forces,
"because their position has more strategic merit."

[Question] Mr Minister, what significance do you attribute to President Samora
Machel's visit to Portugal? Do you feel the trip would have been impossible before

now? [If so,] why?

[Answer] I think this visit by President Samora Machel to Portugal is a historic
event. It is a symbol of the rapprochement of the two peoples, who had been been
living apart and who had sometimes been put in direct confrontation by colonialism
and fascism. This is the first visit to Portugal by a representative of a sovereign
Mozambican government. It is the highest expression of the political will of

the People's Republic of Mozambique to develop the ties of friendship and coopera-
tion with the Portuguese republic. It is a step forward on the existing path

of cooperation.

4h



"This must be the country's youngest agricultural enterprise which now begins
its third harvest," I was told by the unit manager, agronomist-engineer Paulo
Zucula.

The Unango agricultural enterprise is part of an integrated project (with
social and productive investments and with agricultural, livestock, and vege-
table sections) in cooperation with the GDR with a force of 200 workers

(but now they will receive another 250, in other words, the former unpro-
ductive individuals).

"If we look at the economic aspect," says engineer Zucula, "the enterprise
has more than enough workers for its size. But social and political aspects
justify this number of workers. The work force came from various parts of
the country. Politically speaking, this is a very important aspect to us.
Mozambique is a country in a process of formation. The existence of several
ethnic groups in Unango will produce greater heterogeneity: We have people
from Cabo Delgado, from Gaza, Maputo, and Nampula. In the past there was no
exchange between this province and the others. Niassa was a province at war.
It is the province that has the greatest natural resources and it is also
the province that is most backward in economic terms, Colonialism never
invested anything in the south. The investments it made here were due to the
war. On the other hand, Niassa and Cabo Delgado are two provinces with
traditions of war, without food problems, where we rarely have any armed
bands. They penetrate more in the South where the liberation struggle made
itself felt less."

"Only Problems" Are Wage Differences

Niassa is gradually solving its problems and those of the country likewise:
Providing food for the Center and the South. Unango is an outstanding example
as to how the fertile land responds to the great feast of fertility with
security, without attacks from the RNM, and with a capacity for initiative.

Problems in Unango? "The only problems we have here," says Paulo Zucula,
“are the wage differences between the workers, The minimum wage is 2,100
meticals (about 7,000 Portuguese escudos). The average sometimes is around
3,000 meticals or so. Comipared to the South and the Center of the country,
these are good wages because there is no food shortage here’and commodity
prices for the cooperative workers are lower: A kilogram of potatoes here
costs the workers 9 meticals (around 30 Portuguese escudos), In Maputo, it
costs 13 and you cannot even get it. The commodities we do not have here
include oil, soap, and sugar. But we are going to replace them: We are going
to make oil on a crafts basis and we are going to replace sugar with honey.
The honey will be better for the workers and for the market. We have energy
problems but we are going to use wood chips to produce charcoal, The meat
problem affects persons who come from the outside. The locals raise small
animals and poultry at home. The enterprise is trying to solve this problem
by promoting the raising of poultry, hogs, and fish."

28



At the time of independence, only 6.4 percent of the arable land (60 percent
of the total area) were actually cultivated. Around one percent of the farm
population was employed on well-mechanized farms, covering 2.5 million hectares
or 50 percent of the cultivable land. On the other hand, 99 percent of the
farmers were still engaged in subsistence agriculture. Mechanization has

been introduced progressively to remedy this situation. In 1977, 5,600
tractors were in use and fertilizer. consumption came to 14,500 tons. The

main irrigation projects are: The plan for the development of the Limpopo
basin and the Cabora Bassa project. In spite of the emphasis on food pro-
duction, Mozambique in 1980 imported 335,000 tons of food products.

Among the main farm products we must mention sugar cane, cereal crops,
cashew nuts, rice, raw cotton, sisal, and tea.

Tremendous Fish Potential

Livestock activities are being carried out essentially in the districts of
Maputo, Gaza, and Inhambane. The richest forest area is located in the
region of Sofala. Although Mozambique's fish potential is tremendous,
fishing is rather little developed; Mozambique has the longest coastline of
all of the African countries along the Indian Ocean and a part of Lake
Malawi.

Mozambican industry is mainly geared toward the processing of raw materials,
such as sugar refining, the processing of cashew nuts, cereal crops, and
cotton spinning and weaving.

In an effort to improve the sector, which was undertaken between 1977 and

1981, the branches which experienced the fastest development were the petroleum,
rubber, heavy metal working, textile, and soap industries which, together,

grew 44.6 percent. However, the impact of this growth was reduced by the
17.5-percent drop in the output of the beverage, tobacco, machine~building,
light metal working, and cement industries.

In the energy field we must stress the refinery at Maputo with an annual
output of 800,000 tons and the Cabora Bassa Dam whose output is sold entirely
to South Africa.

The transportation system is perhaps the most developed sector ef the Mozam-
bican economy, serving not only domestic needs but also the needs of some
neighborning countries. By way of information we might mention that the
railroad line net is 4,014 kilometers long; the three main ports are Maputo,
Sofala, and Nacala, with Maput handling 81.7 percent of the traffic volume.

One Truck for Tons of Cotton

Mozambique has traditionally had a deficit tn its balance of trade, Although
we do not have up-to-date stastical data, this situation is understandable

if we take the combination of two factors into account: the fact that this

is a weak economy which is extremely dependent on the outside world and the
continuing deterioration of the terms of trade for that country. By way of
example we might report the following: In 1975, Mozambique had to export

37



MFC DEFENDS IMPORTATION OF SOUTH AFRICAN COOKING OIL

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 22 Dec 83 p 2

[Text]

cso:

THE National Import and Export Corporation -(NIEC) has exonerated
itself from blame over the controversial importation-of the K23.70 South
African cooking oil saying the decision was blessed by the Government

and the Bank of Zambia.

Reacting to an article
in the Sunday Times,
acting managing diréctor
Mr_ Clement .Mambwe’
said following local
manufacturing capacity
problems, ‘his firm was
asked to.import the oil to
offset‘the shortfall.

“We needed to import this
cooking oil and other deter-
gents to ensure’ continued
supply. We therefore contri-
buted to the peace ‘and
. Stability now prevailing.””
Cataloguing teasons wh
the oil was retailing at K23.7(

Mr Mambwe said a number of

external factors among them
this vear’s decision to devalue
the Kwacha by as much as 30
per cent had necessitated the
high price.

‘Devaluation and floating of
the Kwacha added-as much as
KS.11 for each imported can,””

Other reasons included the
temoval of subsidies on cook-
ing oi! announced in the last
Budget ‘which’ meant’ that
NIEC had to pay K3.69 as

3400/457

87

customs duty-“for each
im 6 :
Although South Africa‘ was
still by far Zambia's cheapest
source of essentials; produc-
tion costs there had risen hy
more than 60 per cent compar-
ed to ‘the previous year, he.
said.
In addition to other ex-
penses like ‘bank charges,
insurance and levy to’ the
Ministry of Commerce and
Industry for’ import licences,
the retail ‘price: ‘of South
African ing .oil should
have been about K25.80 ‘‘and
NIEC has not actually increa-
sed the price but has reduced
it,’’ said Mr Mambwe.
Denying insinuations that
some NIEC officials -had re-
ceived ‘‘kickbacks’’ from the
Somol cooking oil deal as stat-
‘ed in the “Sunday :Special”’
column this week, he said:
‘There’was nothing like
kickbacks .. because :-NIEC
scimports goods by tender. The
y buying .committee comprises

‘six senior officials drawn from
Some of the'nine firms in the
y group,” :

ZAMBIA



This is an earthen dam witha length of about 1.5 kilometers and a maximum
height of about 50 meters. It will have a concrete spillway in the center
portion with a discharge capacity of 6,100 cubic meters per second. A dwelling
unit, an access road, and other support facilities will also be built here.

The agency that owns the dam is the Water Power Development Management Unit,
National Water Directorate, Ministry of Construction and. Water, People's
Republic of Mozambique.

The studies and the project itself are being handled by a Portuguese consul-
tant firm and the civil engineering construction work is the responsibility
of a consortium of Italian entrepreneurs. The supply of hydromechanical
equipment is now in the negotiation phase with a Portuguese suppliers.

The cost of the project has been estimated at approximately $100 million,

to be financed mostly through Italian entities and, to a significantly lesser
extent, by the African Development Bank and by domestic agencies under the
provisions of the agreement between the Bank of Portugal and the Bank of
Mozambique.

Cooperation between Europe, Africa, and Brazil

The technical assistance services involved in the project's analysis and
approval and the project supervision aspect--financed by the African Develop-
ment Bank and estimated at $5 million--were awarded through international
competitive bidding to the Portuguese-French~Brazilian consortium of enter-
prises consisting of the Portuguese enterprise OMAN {expansion unknown J,
Study and Projects Center, Limited; by the French enterprise Coyne et Bellier,
Consultant Engineering Bureau; and by the Brazilian enterprise ENERIO
[expansion unknown], Engineering and Consultant Work, S.A. [Incorporated].

In this consortium one can recognize its suitability in handling this under-
taking; the Portuguese enterprise is playing a privileged role in the nego-
tiations and.the dialogue with the Mozambican entities as well as in the
coordination of the other two foreign partners.

Profile of Niassa Province
Lisbon O JORNAL in Portuguese 7 Oct 83 "Especial/Mocambique" Suppl. pp VI-IX

[Text] Mozambique is bubbling... But, as during

the liberation struggle, it is the country's

North which at this time is in the vanguard of this bubbling
situation: Niassa, "the country’s secure rear area," as we
can read on a big map at the Lichinga Airport (the

former Vila Cabral). Niassa is a fertile province and

is 2.5 times bigger than Portugal with only a little more
than half a million inhabitants. Niassa is where
Mozambique starts all over again.

23



{Excerpt]

cso+ 3400/451

‘deteriorating ‘sal f
ing

THE Mineworkers Union of

has given” Zambia
lent “Fund @
seven-day ultimatum to come

. th figures .of ‘contribu. .
Hons orth anions of Ratha .

patd by:‘miners ‘between 1966
and.1973 or MUZ would take
appropriate action. :

MUZ chairman Mr Timothy
Walamba warned yesterdy
that the matter was serious
Miners should not be blamed
when the situation got out of
hand.

Addressing a Press confer-
ence in Kitwe,,Mr Walamba
also expressed concern at the
conditions
in. the min: industry. The
appointment of an expatriate
safety manager had worsened
the situation, he said.

MUZ was ‘concerned about
ZNPF contributions because
the Zambia - Consolidated
Copper Mines (ZCCM) could
only show figures on miners’

“pay statements from. 1973 to
1983.

The system.of paying ZNPF
contributions started in 1966
and all mineworkers who have
been working for the mining
company were still _paying

MUZ DEMANDS MINERS' CONTRIBUTION. FIGURES.TO NPF 1966-1973

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Dec 83 p 1

through their divisions. =, .

MUZ expected ZNPF to
have forwarded the informa-
tion to ZCCM ‘so that the
company would show | the
amounts on pay .statements
from 1966. =

“But unfortunately, . we
have been told that they have
got no figures: from ZCCM
from 1966 to 1973. We have
tried to appeal to our collea-

ies at Copper Industry

ices Bureau to -inform
whoever is responsible from
ZNPF to come and explain why
they donot have the figures.”

ere was always a negative
answer from ZNPF. “It seems
they do not see the seriousness
of this case. I am. giving
ZNPF seven days with imme-
diate effect to come up with
figures of all the employees
who started contributing to-
wards the fund from 1966 to
1973." :

MUZ ‘had tried all possible
means to invite the ZNPF to a
meeting ‘for the past two
months. ‘The answer we have
teceived is that we will come

,and up to now nobody has

managed to come’for an audi-
ence with us.”’


CSO:

3400/449

The government in Rabat, on the other
hand, maintains troops in Malabo to look
after the personal safety of President
Obiang.

France is named for its part in trying to
get Equatorial Guinea in the Union
d’Etats d’Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)
through the influence of Gabon which
annexed the oil-rich islands of Cocoteros
and Mbane as compensation for helping
to bring down the regime of Macias in
Malabo. Spain is mentioned because it
was the former colonial power.

But the recently elected Socialist
government in Madrid has not been
falling head over heels to woo the Obiang
regime. In fact Premier Felipe Gonzalez’
government has cut down economic aid to
Equatorial Guinea by 600m pesetas.

At the time of writing Madrid
announced that it would no longer back
the Equatorial Guinean currency, the
ekuele, but would allow the country to
become a member of UDEAC and enter the
franc zone. In the same package, the
Spanish Government is counting on the
IMF to help re-negotiate a deficit of some
6bn pesetas.

The Spaniards hope that with iF help,
Equatorial Guinea’s economy will be put
on an even keel. Already there is an IMF
team in Malabo checking the accounts, an
exercise which will be carried out every
three months until things begin to look
good.

Meanwhile, Spanish Foreign Minister
Fernando Moran has asked Parliament
(Cortes) for emergency financial assistance
for Equatorial Guinea to take care of the
deficit for 1983/84, But, until things turn
out for the better, the current Spanish
Government will not commit itself to
draw up a new co-operation agreement
with Equatorial Guinea @



MOZAMBIQUE

RESERVOIR FILLING AT MASSINGIR DAM
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Nov 83 p-8

[Text] As a result of the rain which has been falling since the beginning of

this month, the reservoir at Massingir Dam has risen from a minimal volume of

7.5 million cubic meters to 180 million cubic meters of water. Although this

is far from capacity, National Water Directorate hydrologists consider it highly
encouraging for the agricultural campaign which has begun in the hydrographic
basin of the Limpopo River, ‘particularly in the Chokwe area, which is receiving

a regular flow of 40 cubic meters per second to irrigate the rice for the 1983/1984
harvest.

According to a source connected with the use of the Massingir Dam, in this phase, up
to 1,400 million cubic meters of water could be accumulated in the reservoir,
and up to 2,800 million cubic meters could be exploited in the future.

The Massingir reservoir is fed by the Elefantes River, the major tributary of
the Limpopo River. Because of the rains which have fallen along the Elefantes,
it has risen considerably, with a flow ranging from 90 to 300 cubic meters per
second. .

This does not mean, however, that the drought problem in the area has been solved,
because the mother river, the Limpopo, is still dry, particularly betweenCombomune
and the point of confluence with the Elefantes River. For any substantial improve-
ment, the rain will have to coninue to fail regularly until the end of the year,
according to the hydrologists.

The Unbeluzi River, in Maputo Province. has also risen sharply as a r€sult of the
tain that fell at the beginning of this week; in the border zone of Goba, it peaked
at 63 cubic meters per second, almost the same figure that was reached on 14 Novem-
ber, which was 69 cubic meters per second.

Repair of Telephone Lines
At the end of this week, Mozambique Post and Telecommunications should complete
the repairs to the downed poles and lines in the Maputo Province telephone system,

which were damaged during the storm that devastated the south of the country
this week.

59



cso:

was not imported and will not be exported;
it is a local product for local consumption.
As we understand it, one cannot impose a
revolution on people and those who think
they can are very much mistaken.

Our revolution was being prepared
secretly for a very long time. We studied
other revolutions that have taken place

yhere, as well as reactionary systems in
order the better to fight them. We know the
Libyan revolution and the revolution in
Ghana and we try to learn about other
revolutions in the world; we have analysed
them. But we have another revolution: one
specifically aimed at resolving those
contradictions which Voltaic people resent
and at seeking solutions arrived at
naturally, within the context of our own
conditions.

@ What role will Upper Volta play in the
division between so-called “‘moderates”’
and “‘progressives” in the OAU?

Our country will not take a position
either for the ‘moderates’ or for the
“‘progressives” for the simple reason that
these terms have absolutely no significance
for us. We do not trust labels or categories
such as “‘moderates”’ or ‘‘progressives.””

However, our country certainly will
adopt a position in the oau for such just
causes of the people as the struggle for
liberation or Africa’s economic indepen-
dence or on behalf of the self-respect of
Africans, This is extremely important. It
means that we will not automatically vote
for a case just because it has been labelled
“moderate” or ‘‘progressive.”” The way we
will vote will depend’on the specific merits
of the case and we will base our judgement
on what we think will be the practical
outcome.

We know of countries which have been

- called progressive but which have adopted

extremely contradictory attitudes. We will
judge them on what they do in practice.
Our revolution implies that the African
peoples should build an effective African,
unity. But African unity cannot be
constructed irrespective of the price. We
must not allow the OaU to become an
organisation used by imperialism for
dominating Africans. It should be an
organisation to fight imperialism and to
liberate Africa. .

MWhen President Kountche of Niger
visited Ouagadougou last month, did you
manage to convince him that Upper Volta
is not an example of Libyan
expansionism?

I cannot speak for President Kountche. I
did explain to him that we are convinced
revolutionaries and as such wauld not
consider we were justified in invading
another country or in imposing on another

people what is our own choice.

What we say is this: wherever there are
contradictions such as I have mentioned,
these will produce the same reactions. This
is a scientific law, beyond our control.
From North to South, the exploitation of a
majority by a minority causes
confrontation. Freedom and dignity is what
people need. No people wants to be
suppressed; avoid suppression and there is
no place for fear. But if it isn’t avoided,

3400/449

75

there will be fighting from North to South
whether you like it or not.

WIn official statements your government
has expressed the fear that a foreign
invasion is imminent. This is also reflected
in stringent security measures. What
prompts you to. suspect this and from
what side do you expect this aggression?
Our revolution has created enemies, both
within the country and outside it. All those
whose privileges were withdrawn feel
resentful and dream of a return to the old
system. All those who regarded our country
simply as a consumers’ market also want to
attack us by word or deed now that they
realise that we will apply discipline to our
economy and. give back to our people the
Opportunity to take advantage of it. This
kind of aggression has been seen in similar
situations in other parts of the world.
Your question implies that there are
people concerned about what happens in
Upper Volta. We would be naive to mistake
these people’s intentions, that they intend
to give us gifts. We have already arrested
people who were sent into our country to
destabilise us. We have discovered plans
which were drawn up here with foreigners
who lived here and enjoyed our hospitality.
If we have not divulged these things to
the Press — and I don’t intend giving you
the details either — it is only because we
don’t want to encourage hostility among
our own people towards the peoples of
those countries whence our enemies were
sent. We prefer to take security measures.
They will be expelled and sent home. If we
were to name those responsible, our
countrymen would attack the respective
embassy — we don’t want that to happen.

How are you so sure that the majority
of the people supports your revolution?
Would you not have to have elections in
order to get the people’s verdict?

(Laughing) 1 suggest you go into the
streets and test the verdict of the people for
yourself. Our experience in elections has
been a disappointing one. Democracy can
be too easily manipulated.

Mn the past, Upper Voita has been the
recipient of international aid. Are you as
interested in receiving this aid as previous
Voltaic governments? ;

In the past, aid has been given mainly as a
bribe; there was a tacit understanding
between aid donor and the recipient govern-
ment, while the welfare of the Voltaic
people was never taken into consideration.

Actually, 20 years of international aid
has not brought about any development for
our country. You may even be aware that in
the past quite a lot of aid found its way into
private pockets. We are no longer interested
in such practices.

We want our people to help themselves,
to be self-reliant. This is the only way our
country can develop. People have formed
cprs (Comités pour la défense de la
révolution) and they work on public
projects every Saturday without any
remuneration. These are modest projects;
nevertheless, they are projects in which the
people take part. |

If the donor countries and organisations
agree with this development strategy of
ours, then their aid will be most welcome @



As to the timing of the visit, I must say that it had already been possible for
some time. It would have been possible last year and perhaps even 2 years ago.

Up to that point, and even after then, it was necessary to create the conditions
so the visit could come about. There were several of these conditions, and they
have existed for a while now. First. there is the condition of mutual under-
standing between the parties; that‘is, a climate of understanding has been created
between ‘the two countries. Moreover, there has been a certain development of
bilateral cooperation, as well as a feeling of mutual trust, sufficient for a
friendly dialogue between the parties. Also, obviously, the visit had to fit

into the schedules of the two presidents.

Open and Categorical Demonstration by Sa Carneiro

[Question] What were the principal steps taken to improve relations significantly
between Portugal and Mozambique at all levels, to create. these conditions?

_CAnswer] First, there was the practical demonstration by the Portuguese authori-
ties of their recognition of the independence and sovereignty of the People's
Republic of Mozambique. This demonstration was initiated by the president of

the Portuguese Republic, through several indirect contacts, but it was expressed
most openly and categorically by the late Prine Minister Sa Carneiro. Later,

it was demonstrated'to the Portuguese ani Mozambican people by the friendly visit

of his excellency, the president of the Portuguese republic, to the People's
Republic of Mozambique, during which it was possible to clarify many positions

on both sides, at the highest level, and to reaffirm the principles on which
relations between the two states are based. Then there was the visit of Prime
Minister Pinto Balsemao, which opened the door wider for relations at the govern-
ment level. In both cases, Portuguese businessmen came along, too, representing

a part of the Portuguese people. There were also various contacts at other levels:
with Portuguese ministers, secretaries of state, army officers and other officials
of both countries, which contributed to greater understanding. between Portugal

and Mozambique and between the leaders and the people. There was also the positive
attitude of some sectors of the media, particularly in Portugal. (For a certain
period, the Portuguese press was mostly negative toward Mozambique and did not
foster a climate of understanding between the two countries.) We could also men-
tion the activity--under cover, low profile, or what you will--of certain prominent
individuals in Portugal, interested in improved relations between the two countries,
for several reasons--some for reasons of principle. And I do not forget that

there are also political forces, parties, which are interested in a growing improve-
ment of relations between Mozambique and Portugal and which have also worked for
this. So these were the various steps that were taken to create the conditions
for understanding and improved relations between the two countries.

Cannot Single Out Portuguese Prisoners
[Question] One of the unsolved problems between Portugal and Mozambique, which
will be an important item on the Portuguese agenda of discussions with Samora

Machel, is the question of the Portuguese prisoners in Mozambique. Mr Minister,
how do you think this problem could be solved?

45



Country Starting from Zero

[Question] What remains to be created and cultivated in cooperation between
Portugal and Mozambique? What are the primary paths of relations between the
two countries?

‘[Answer] There is already a very express and clear political will on both sides
to continue with cooperation. Businesshas expressedan interest in cooperation.
What remains now is to determine what projects are feasible, and to execute them.
Then thefe are problems with execution. However, it is a matter of seeing what
means Portugal has available to it and what means are available to Mozambique.

We are certain that both countries have resources. We have to find a way to put
these Portuguese and Mozambican resources to use, to execute these projects.

We look at the projectSlike production fields, to produce what we need. In parti-
cular, both countries lack "financing." The international.crisis has had this
effect. The only way to solve the problem is to produce. Then there are several
ideas , and these ideas should be considered in accordance with the party guide-
lines--the execution of feasible projects aimed at solving the domestic problems
that concern both countries. At this time, Mozambique is very concerned with
solving the problems of food, clothing and housing. These problems are not felt
to the same extent in other countries, even in developing countries. We have
these problems because our country is starting from scratch. When I talk about
“combating hunger," I do not just mean that we are interested in pure agriculture:
to go to the field, run the tractor over it, cultivate it and sow some seed.

This is not enough: we have to produce the goods which the peasants need, which
motivate the peasants, and these are produced by industry, industry directed
toward agriculture or to stimulate agriculture, livestock industry to help combat
hunger.

International Cooperation, Solidarity with Socialist Countries

{Question] In the plan to diversify Mozambique's international relations, what
are the priorities in Mozambique's current foreign policy?

[Answer] .I don't know what you mean by this question, when you talk about the
“plan to diversify relations...."

[Question] I mean, do Mozambique's priorities in its foreign relations point
more toward the capitalist countries or the socialist countries?

[Answer] “Well, well, but the problem is the idea that there is a "plan." There
is no "plan" whatever to diversify these relations. There is certainly a prin-
ciple, a constitutional principle. Article 23 of our consitution provides for
relations of friendship and cooperation with all countries (andI stress the
word "all"), "based on principles of mutual respect for territorial sovereignty.
equality, non-interference in internal affairs and mutual benefit." This has
been loudly proclaimed since 25 June 1975, and has been reiterated in the United
Nations.

So to talk about a "plan" makes no sense, nor does establishing priorities. Our
priorities are the countries which are really disposed to cooperate with us.

47



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

NETHERLANDS WAIVES INTEREST ON LOANS--THE NETHERLANDS government has waived
nearly K900,000 interest and instalments on development loans for Zambia due
in 1983. Netherlands charge d'affaires, Mr R. J. van Houtum told the Minister
of Finance, Mr Luke Mwananshiku in Lusaka yesterday that his government had
decided to waive interest and instalments on development loans for a number of
developing countries. He said the decision to waive Zambia's interest and in-
stalments on development loans falling due in 1983 had been taken in the frame-
work of the Dutch policy to alleviate the indebtedness of developing countries.
[Excerpt] [Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 16 Dec 83 p 5]

TRACTOR SPARE PARTS ORDERED--THE GOVERNMENT has ordered more spare parts to re-
habilitate grounded tractors and other types of agricultural machinery, Parlia-
ment was told yesterday. Minister of State for Agriculture and Water Develop-
ment Mr Daniel Munkombwe, said although some spare parts were recently acquired,
there were plans to bring in more so that machinery which was now immobile
could be made operational. Mr Munkombwe's assurance came in the wake of grave
concern expressed by many backbenchers who highlighted the lack of spare parts
and its adverse effects on the agricultural industry. [Excerpt] [Lusaka DAILY
MAIL in English 16 Dec 83 p 1]

AFC THREATENS TO STOP LOANS--ABOUT 300 farmers in Mwinilunga district owe the
Agricultural Finance Company (AFC) nearly K96,000 with some of them failing to
clear their debts over a period of 12 years. The district's council m£nutes
released in Kitwe say the farmers owe the AFC a total of K95,971.83 to date.
4s a result, the AFC has threatened to stop giving out loans to farmers in the
district until this money has been repaid. "If the outstanding amount was not
paid, it could be difficult for the company to give more seasonal or medium
term loans to farmers." Apart from non-payment of loans, some of the farmers
had failed to utilise their allocations. The Government had allocated K144,000
through the AFC for the district, but it was feared that most of this amount
might not be fully utilised which would result in the allocation being with~
drawn completely or considerably reduced. [Excerpt] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA
in English 19 Dec 83 p 2]

cso: 340/451 - END -

91



COOPERATION AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH FRG

London WEST AFRICA in English 5 Dec 83 p 2852

[Text]

cso:

3400/446

Relations between West Ger-
many and Guinea Bissau have
entered a new era. Until recently,
Guinea Bissau refused to recog-
nise the Berlin Clause which states
that agreements with the Federal
Republic of Germany also apply
to West Berlin. This, therefore,
made it impossible to sign a
framework co-operation agree-
ment which enables financial and
technical co-operation to get
under way. In 1982, German offi-
cials stated that Guinea Bissau
adopted a more pragmatic
approach and signed a framework
co-operation agreement. recognis-
ing West Berlin, at the end of
1982. This agreement came into
force on March 14, 1983.

In October talks were held in
Bonn between representatives of
the German ministry for economic
co-operation and the Guinean
secretary of state in the ministry of
fisheries, Oliviera Sanca. West
Germany has now agreed to pro-
vide DM9.25m. in aid to Guinea
under the 1983 budget. A major
part of the aid is designed to
support the agricultural sector par-
ticularly small: farmers in the
southern province. A total of
DM3.5m. has been set. aside to
provide commodity assistance
(seeds, fertilisers, insecticides) to
the farmers and over DMé4m. will
finance the provision of German
experts to assist in the imple-
mentation of integrated rural de-
velopment schemes in the same
region. Assistance totalling
DM1.2m. is also being given to
provide spare parts and technical
advice for the diese! power station
in Bissau.

Under the food aid programme
for 1983 Guinea Bissau will re-
ceive 1,000 tonnes of wheat.

10

GUINEA-BISSAU