209129

JPRS-SEA-87-076

5 JUNE 1987

FOREIGN

BROADCAST

INFORMATION

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East Asia

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JPRS-SEA-87-076

3 JUNE 1987

EAST ASIA

SOUTHEAST ASIA

CONTENTS

FIJI

Indian Alliance General Secretary Resigns

(Hari Gaunder; FIJI SUN, 27 Apr 87) 1

Background to Current Racial Problems Reviewed

(Jim Shrimpton; FIJI SUN, 28 Apr 87) 2

KAMPUCHEA

COALITION GOVERNMENT OF DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA

VODK Editorial Marks International Labor Day

(Voice of Democratic Kampuchea, 30 Apr 87) 4

VODK Hails DK Presence at Meeting in Havana

(Voice of Democratic Kampuchea, 1 May 87) 6

Comparison of Statement by CGDK Foreign Ministry Spokesman

(Voice of Democratic Kampuchea, 5 May 87) 8

Kampot People Kill Three Vietnamese Spreading Toxins

(Voice of the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea,

6 May 87) 9

Call for Mutinies Against SRV Chemical Weapons Use

(Voice of Democratic Kampuchea, 7 May 87) 10

- a -
VODK Criticizes SRV 'Security Interests' Claim

(Voice of Democratic Kampuchea, 7 May 87) 11

DK Army Communique on Dry Season Fighting

(Voice of the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea,

10 May 87) 13

SRV Regiment Commander Killed in Mondolkiri

(Voice of Democratic Kampuchea, 12 May 87) 19

Briefs

SRV Major Killed 20

Sihanouk Steps Down 20

Kompong Cham Battalion Attacked 20

Train Destroyed in Battambang 20

30 Arrested in Battambang 21

Poison Spreading Soldiers Killed 21

Rannarit Trip to Indonesia 21

Message to Khieu Samphan 21

Soldiers Killed by Grenade 21

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KAMPUCHEA

Military Activities in Battambang Province Reported

(Van Sophat Interview; Phnom Penh Domestic Service,

5 May 87) 22

Briefs

LAOS

Returnees in Kompong Speu 23

Dry-Season Rice Harvested 23

Hun Sen-Albanian Counterpart 23

Nguon Nhel Visits Cham Minorities 23

Industry Ministry Labor Day 24

Labor Day Meeting 24

Returnees in Kompong Speu 24

Trade Ministry Meeting 24

Returnees in Kompong Cham 24

Dry Season Rice 25

Greetings to Swedish Communist Party 25

Leaders Congratulate Afghan Counterparts

(Vientiane Domestic Service, 28 Apr 87) 26

Leaders Greet CSSR Counterparts on National Day

(KPL, 9 May 87) 28

'Sang'-'Sat' Dialogue on Problem of Thai Relations

(Vientiane Domestic Service, 3 May 87) 29

- b -
Police Cadre Questions Training, New Generation, Salary

(VIENTIANE MAI, 2, 3 Mar 87) 31

Column on Problems With Cadre Inadequacies, Suggested Changes

(VIENTIANE MAI, various dates) 33

Reconstituted Cooperative Profits, Reforms' Impact Seen

(Thanongsak Vongsakda; VIENTIANE MAI, 27 Feb 87) 35

Briefs

MALAYSIA

THAILAND

First Quarter Agricultural Production, Trade Improved

(THE NATION, 8 May 87)

Briefs

Diplomatic Relations Established

Trade With UK

Islamic Call Society Activities

VIETNAM

POLITICAL

Head of Postal Service Promises Better Service

(HANOI MOI, 13, 23 Mar 87)

CPV Greetings 36

KPRP Greetings 36

GDR Gifts for Children 36

Burmese Envoy Received 36

Musical Band Ends Visit 37

Hungarian Photo Exhibition 37

Veterinary Aid From Australia 37

Children's Day Instruction _ 37

Vientiane District Mass Organization Growth 37

Vientiane Capital Economic Performance

SRV-Aided Glass Factory

Illegal Vehicles Back to Thailand

38

38

38

PBDS Success in Sarawak Election Analyzed

(Zainon Ahmad; NEW STRAITS TIMES, 18 Apr 87) 39

Prem Urged To Resign To Solve Image Problem

(Editorial; SIAM RAT, 7 May 87) ^2

43

Fisheries Sector Production Viewed

(THE NATION, 8 May 87) ^

52

52

52

53

- c -
Officials Discuss Service, by Quang Hoa 53

Representative Opinions 55

People's Courts in Hanoi Speed Up Activities

(NHAN DAN, 5 Mar 87) 57

Activities of Municipal People's Council Discussed

(Le Chi Tiet; SAIGON GIAI PHONG, 2 Apr 87) 58

Causes of Ineptitude of People's Councils Analyzed

(Hoang Van Khang; SAIGON GIAI PHONG, 28 Feb 87) 62

Serious Violations of Citizen Rights Discussed

(Le Sau; NHAN DAN, 26 Feb 87) 65

Deeds Called More Important Than Words

(SAIGON GIAI PHONG, 21 Mar 87) 66

Importance of People's Council Elections Emphasized

(SAIGON GIAI PHONG, 24 Mar 87) 68

Mistakes, Irrationalities in Past Elections Disclosed

(Nguyen Tran; SAIGON GIAI PHONG, 26 Feb 87) 69

Retaliation Against People Who Criticize Decried

(SAIGON GIAI PHONG, 25 Mar 87) 72

Table of Contents TAP CHI QUAN DOI NHAN DAN Jan 87

(TAP CHI QUAN DOI NHAN DAN, Jan 87) 73

Selection of Laborers Going Overseas Regulated

(NHAN DAN, 12 Mar 87) ••••

y

5

Briefs

Trade Violations Thwarted /6

ECONOMIC

Ho Chi Minh City Regulations on Business Autonomy

(SAIGON GIAI PHONG, 9 Apr 87) 77

Ho Chi Minh City Regulation on Business, Part 3

(SAIGON GIAI PHONG, 10 Apr 87) 85

Ho Chi Minh City Autonomy Regulation, Part 4

(SAIGON GIAI PHONG, 11 Apr 87) 92

Hanoi People's Committee Issues Regulations on Exports

(HANOI MOI, 3 Apr 87) - "

- d -
/9987

Export-Import Corporation Serves Economic Programs

(HANOI MOI, 28 Mar 87) 101

Hai Phong Production Incentive Policies Explained

(NHAN DAN, 21 Mar 87) 103

Hanoi Strives To Reduce Population Growth Rate

(HANOI MOI, 17 Mar 87) 106

Development of Short-Term Vocational Training Urged

(HANOI MOI, 19 Mar 87) 108

Reorganization of College System To Boost Economy Proposed

(Ly Hao; DAI DOAN KET, 1 Mar 87) 109

Need Seen for Preservation of National Characteristics

(To Dinh Hai; DAI DOAN KET, 1 Mar 87) H4

Methods To Overcome Grain Output Shortfall Discussed

(HANOI MOI, 22 Mar 87) •

ll1

Vietnamese Language Insertion in Microcomputers Reported

(Tran Viet Xuan; DAI DOAN KET, 1 Mar 87) 119

Briefs

... nn Gold, Silver Corporation Activities L

^

Continued Goods Confiscations x^

u

Japanese Business Interest in Vietnam 120

- e -
FIJI

INDIAN ALLIANCE GENERAL SECRETARY RESIGNS

Suva FIJI SUN in English 27 Apr 87 p 1

[Article by Hari Gaunder]

[Text]

INDIAN Alliance general secretary Naresh

Erasad has resigned from the party andhas

called on members of the Indian Alliance to

quit. . . Mr Prasad, 37, saidyesterday that "this is

the best I can do for the Indians in Fiji".

Mr Prasad is disgusted with the present

series of meetings and marches designed

against the Indians in this country by the

supporters of the Alliance Party.

"The very foundation of the Alliance Party's multiracialism has been destroyed by

the anti-Indian moves by so manyprominent

Alliance Party personalities," Mr Prasad

said.

"And the saddest part is that destruction

has been carried by people who were not

involved during the formative periodof the

Alliance Party. ?

;

it.'

"Why have these peopleforgottenthat the

Alliance Party wasformedprior to independence?

"Whenit wasformed, it was onthebasis of

equality. Indian leaders who joined hands

with the Fijians were menof principle.They

believed in the concept of multiracialism

and equality for all.

"Without each others help the Alliance

Party would not have been able to dominate

the political scene since and after the independence.

"And yet. today, prominent Alliance parliamentarians are crying "Fiji for Fijians".

"I canno longer say to myselfthatthey are

fair people. 1 get the feeling that they actually hate my guts and yet are smiling in

order to gain my supportto remaininpower.

"But who gave them the impression that

Indians can be fooled like this?

"Whether Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara says

that the Alliance Party is involved ornot, it

cannot be overlooked that itwill be the same

Tui Vuda Ratu Sir Josaia Tavaiqia, Apisai

Tora. Jona Qio. Veisamasama and Livai Nasilivata who will attend party meetings.

"But the list does not stop-there. Everybody who tookpart in the marches appear to

be Alliance Party men. Can. anybody prove

me wrong?" he asked. ; ,'

Mr Prasad said "let it be notedthat I am

not alone. I have no choice but toindicate to

all my followersto resign from theparty. MI have tolerated for a long period the

bunglings by the Alliance leadershipin dealing with the Indian Alliance;" he said.

"The Alliance Party can forget about 15

percent Indian support it has had all these

years. It can also forget about winning

another general election unless and until

those Alliance Party people who organised

these meetings and marches are sacked

from it.

"I question the purpose in calling up a

general election. There was always a risk of

losing, orWas it a democratic facade to show

the world that democratic principles are

practised in Fiji. In truth the Indians in this

country arebonded for life to keep a Fijian

party in power?

"Now if that is not political slavery then

what is it?"

Mr Prasad is the son of the late Pandit

Ayodhya Prasad, the founder-president of

the Fiji Kisan Sangh, one of the two largest

cane growers associations in the country.

/9317

CSO: 4200/559
FIJI

BACKGROUND TO CURRENT RACIAL PROBLEMS REVIEWED

Suva FIJI SUN in English 28 Apr 87 p 7

[Article by Jim Shrimpton]

[Text]

ON May 14,1879, a ship arrived in Fiji bringing 489 Indians to labour in the British-run

sugar cane fields.

Less than five years earlier, through a

deed of cession signed bv 13 of its high chiefs,

the South Pacific Island had become a British Colony.

One condition of the deed was that while

property fairly acquired by European

settlers could be retained by them, Fijian

rights to the rest of the fertile land should be

protected.

These two events more than a century ago

are at the heart of a mounting dispute that

today is threatening Fiji's image as "a

symbol of hope for the world", as Pope John

Paul called it last year because of its multiracial harmony.

Descendants of those 489 Indians, joined

by others over the following 37 year* at the

rate of about 2000 a year, now outnumberthe

indigenous Fijians both within the 720,000

population and in the party with a majority

in Parliament.

They also dominate the country's business

community.

The National Federation Party-Labour

Coalition Government elected in April has a

Fijian leader, Dr Timoci Bavadra, but 19 of

its 28 members are Indians. The House of

Representatives has 52 seats.

Indians hold the important Cabinet portfolios of Finance. Trade and Foreign Affairs.

Some of the descendants of the chiefs who

signed the Deed of Cession fear this means

their land rights are in danger, despite being

guaranteed bv the Constitution.

"We cannot let democracy be the vehicle

for eroding the birthright of the Fijian

people.*" said one leader of a protest

movement.

Since the defeat of the Fijian-based

Alliance government on April 11, this position hasspawned street marches, rallies and

promises of a campaign of civil

disobedience.

The Alliance led by Ratu Sir Kamisese

Mara, had been in power since 1970, the year

Fiji became independent of Britain, and

adopted a Constitution which the dissident

Fijians now want changed.

The group, non-political but including a

number of Alliance parliamentarians, have

petitioned Governor-General Ratu Sir

Penaia Ganilau that the Constitution be

amended to give Fijians the right to rule

their land in perpetuity.

The movement has" divided the Fijian

people: arguments rage, while the Indians,

with law and democracy on theirside, watch

and wait.

Some high chiefs — the country's Great

Council of Chiefs is a body of greatinfluence

— have called on their people to accept the

elected government and give it a chance to

prove its multi-racial policies.

High chiefs, the government, the

Governor-General, church leaders and

police have urged that protests — if there

must be protests — be peaceful and nonviolent.

Thus far they have been, to the relief of all

including government ministers fearful of

the effects on the investment and tourist

trade vital to the nation's economy.

The sensitive question of land is the main

concern of the protest movement.

Since 1874, just 181,035 hectares of Fiji's

1,833,030 hectares have been registered as

freehold.

Mostis Fijian-communally owned, and the

balance Crown land.
Nearly 120,000 hectares of Fijian land is

leased, 75 percent of it to Indians — who not

unnaturally would preferto be able to own it.

The Coalition Government, during the

election campaign, promised to open up

more land to productive use, to "lease Crown

land to all citizens".

But it was careful to state it recognised

Fijian land ownership rights, and said no

change would be considered "withoutthe full

consultation and approval oftheGreat Council of Chiefs.

"The Coalition is committed to uphold,

protect and safeguard the ownership rights

of people over their land and private assets

as guaranteed under the Constitution and

other Laws of Fiji," it said.

But protest leaders are not convinced.

"It is neo-colonialism from within," one

told AAP in discussing the new Indian

majority in the government.

"Unless we do something now, we will be

no better off than the Kanaksin New Caledonia, ine Austrauan ADongmes or the New

Zealand Maoris."

Banners in the protest marches have

declared no confidence in the government,

described Dr Bavadra as a Fijian "bullet"

for a gun fired by Indian attorney-general

and Justice Minister Jai Ram Reddy, and

"Fiji for the Fijians".

Some anti-Indian placards were not

permitted by the police.

According to the protest movement istill

unnamed), the Governor-General has promised the situation will bediscussed swiftly by

Government and Opposition leaders.

But what action could possibly be taken

when the government reflects the democratic choice of the people—with a five percent

swing by Fijian voters againsttheir Alliance

Party?

Former Alliance Cabinet minister Apisai

Tora, the most vocal of the dissidents, has

said: "Constitutions can be suspended".

It would take a 75 percent vote in Parliament to alter the Constitution — virtually

impossible in view of the deliberately racial

makeup, guaranteeing Fijians and Indians a

minimum number of MPs.

It is a problem the new government could

do without as it makes what most observers

sees as a sensible and constructive start to

itsfive-year term, careful to do nothing that

might inflame the situation.

Dr Bavadra told the nation the government upheld the constitutional rightfor freedom of expression and assembly.

"But the right of law must and wiu

prevail," he said.

/9317

CSO: 4200/559
COALITION GOVERNMENT OF DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA KAMPUCHEA

VODK EDITORIAL MARKS INTERNATIONAL LABOR DAY

BK010348 (Clandestine) Voice of Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian 2330 GMT

30 Apr 87

[Station editorial: "All Cambodian Workers and the Entire Cambodian People

Call on theWorld Community to Raise Its Voice in Condemning the Vietnamese

Enemy Aggressors for Oppressing the Cambodian Laborers and Massacring the

Cambodian People in a Most Cruel and Barbarous Manner"]

[Text] Today—1 May—is International Labor Day. Every year on 1 May,

workers around the world generally mark this day with great pride in their

success in defending their right and freedom to live and work without labor

oppression and or any kind of pressure.

As for the Cambodian workers, for more than 8 years now, they and the entire

Cambodian people have been living under the oppression, intimidation, and

persecution of the Vietnamese enemy. They have been arrested, jailed, and

massacred in a most cruel and barbarous manner by the Vietnamese enemy.

Particularly during the past few years, the Vietnamese enemy aggressors have

been recruting and sending hundreds of thousands of Cambodian workers and

people to the battlefields on the western border, where they have been forced

to do hard labor day and night, such as clearing brush, building roads and

camps, and digging trenches in accordance with the Vietnamese enemy's criminal

K-5 plan.

The K-5 plan is not only one for oppressing the labor of the Cambodian people

and workers but also a criminal plot aimed at exterminating the Cambodian

race. This is because under this plan, tens of thousands of Cambodian workers

and people who have been recruited and sent to work on the battlefields on the

western border have died or been wounded or maimed in a most miserable manner

every year because of being forced to walk through mine fields or engage in

hard labor by the Vietnamese enemy, not receiving medical treatment for malaria

and other illnesses, and an insufficient diet.

This is a violation of the Cambodian workers' rights and a genocidal crime

against the Cambodian race. Such as act is unprecedented in Cambodian history

and rare in the history of the world. However, despite such crual and barbarous

acts, the Cambodian workers and the entire Cambodian people are not submitting
to the Vietnamese enemy. They have risen up and joined with the DK National

Army to wage all forms of struggle against the Vietnamese enemy aggressors to

defend their rights and protect themselves, their families, and the survival

of the entire Cambodian nation and race. Due to the valiant struggle waged by

the Cambodian workers and people and the DK National Army and thanks to the

all-round support given us by the world community, the Vietnamese enemy

aggressors have suffered serious defeats, become deeply bogged down, and faced

more serious difficulties on the battlefield of aggression against Cambodia,

in Vietnam, and in the international arena. They can see no prospect of being

able to resolve this serious situation.

This is the result of the sacrifice in terms of flesh and blood by the Cambodian workers and people and the DK National Army during the past more than

8 years.

On this International Labor Day, the Cambodian workers as well as the entire

Cambodian people appeal to workers of all nationalities in the world, the

world community, and the United Nations to continue to condemn the labor

oppression and genocidal crimes committed in Cambodia by the Vietnamese enemy

aggressors even more strongly, to take all kinds of effective measures to check

these heinous crimes of the Vietnamese enemy aggressors promptly, and in

particular to continue to jointly pressure the Hanoi authorities in all aspects

to force them to accept the CGDK's eight-point proposal for a political

settlement of the Cambodian problem by withdrawing all their aggressor troops

from Cambodia in accordance with the eight UN resolutions and respecting the

Cambodian people's right to self-determination with no outside interference.

Only by so doing will the Cambodian workers and people be saved from all kinds

of oppression, persecution, and massacre by the Vietnamese enemy and will the

Cambodian nation and race be able to survive forever. Doing this will also

contribute to safeguarding peace, security, and stability in Southeast Asia

and the whole world.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563
COALITION GOVERNMENT OF DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA KAMPUCHEA

VODK HAILS DK PRESENCE AT MEETING IN HAVANA

BK020312 (Clandestine) Voice of Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian 2330 GMT

1 May 87

[Station commentary: "The Presence of the DK Delegation at the Group of 77Ts

Sixth Ministerial Conference in Havana Is a Shameful Defeat for Vietnam, the

Soviet Union, and Cuba in the International Arena"]

[Text] At the end of April, our DK delegation attended the Group of 77's

Sixth Ministerial Conference in Havana, Cuba. At this meeting the Cuban

delegation—the host—and the Hanoi Vietnamese delegation gathered three of

their accomplices—all Soviet clients, namely the delegates from Kabul,

Vientiane, and Nicaragua—and addressed a common letter to the general

secretary of the conference in an attempt to deny our DK delegate admission

by demanding that the conference leave the DK seat vacant. The Indian delegation carried out a similar maneuver.

However, they were dealt a most shameful defeat because representatives from

ASEAN and many other countries expressed their firm support for the DK

delegation, which is Cambodia's legitimate and only rightful representative.

Our DK delegation also sent a letter firmly rejecting and exposing the

maneuvers of Vietnam, Cuba, and their accomplices. In the end, the conference

decided to recognize the credentials of all delegations, including those of our

DK delegation. This is the first time that our DK delegation has attended an

international meeting in Cuba.

As everyone knows, Cuba is a Soviet pawn in America. In the past 8 years,

Cuba has cooperated with Vietnam and the Soviet Union and actively carried out

improper activities at every international meeting to oppose Democratic

Kampuchea's right of representation and to support the expansionist and

aggressive cause of Vietnam and the Soviet Union. And now, our DK delegation

has emerged right inside the Cuban house. This is a most shameful defeat for

Cuba as well as Vietnam, the Soviet Union, and their accomplices. The fact

that Cuba cannot deny the DK delegate's admission to its own home clearly

confirms that the Vietnamese and Soviet aggression in Cambodia during the

past 8 years has been further disgracefully exposed throughout the world.

Neither Cuba nor other accomplices of Vietnam and the Soviet Union can cover up
the insolvent Vietnamese and Soviet aggression in Cambodia. On the contrary,

the countries that hvae supported the aggressive and expansionist cause of

Vietnam and the Soviet Union in Cambodia have tarnished their own reputations.

They are isolated from the international community, as are Vietnam and the

Soviet Union.

We therefore appeal to them to stop supporting Vietnam's aggression in

Cambodia, join the world's majority on the side of justice, supporting the

just struggle of the Cambodian people and the CGDK and cooperating with the

international community to pressure Vietnam to accept the CGDK's eight-point

peace proposal to end Vietnam's war of aggression in Cambodia quickly and let

the Cambodian and Vietnamese people—as well as countries and people in this

region—enjoy peace, security, and stability. This is an honorable and just

way, conforming to the aspirations of their own people and those the world

over.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563
COALITION GOVERNMENT OF DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA KAMPUCHEA

COMPARISON OF STATEMENT BY CGDK FOREIGN MINISTRY SPOKESMAN

BK060108 (Clandestine) Voice of Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian at 2330 GMT

on 5 May carries a 5-minute statement by the spokesman of the CGDK Foreign

Ministry condemning the use of toxic chemical by Vietnamese authorities to

massacre Cambodian people. This version has been compared with and found to

be identical to the referent version except for the following variations:

graf two, line one, the VODK version reads—dated 12 April 1982, the spokesman

of—providing variant year.

same graf, from line three, make read—others affected between 12 and 29

March—providing variant date.

graf five, line two, make read—district, Kampot Province, 50 of our people—

providing variant figure.

graf seven, from line one, make read—and Kampot Provinces, 1,184 of our

people—providing variant figure.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563
COALITION GOVERNMENT OF DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA KAMPUCHEA

KAMPOT PEOPLE KILL THREE VIETNAMESE SPREADING TOXINS

BK070135 (Clandestine) Voice of the National Army of Democratic. Kampuchea in

Cambodian 2315 GMT 6 May 87

[Text] Lately, the Vietnames enemy aggressors, who have been completely bogged

down militarily on the Cambodian battlefield, have vainly tried to extricate

themselves from their predicament by sending Vietnamese agents to spread toxic

chemicals in water sources used by our Cambodian people, killing and seriously

affecting many innocent Cambodians. For example, on 28 April, the Vietnamese

enemy aggressors spread toxic chemicals in ponds, streams, and wells used by

our people in Chong Tnaot village, Kompong Trach Commune, Kompong Trach

District, Kampot Province, killing 55 inhabitants and 45 oxen and seriously

incapacitating 85 other inhabitants. Many other inhabitants are being affected

by this toxin.

Having heard about this sorrowful news, our people in Tnaot village, Kompong

Trach Commune, Kompong Trach District, were enraged at these Vietnamese

criminals. They then jointly attacked the Vietnamese agents who were spreading

toxic chemicals, killing three and wounding some others. The survivors fled

in disarray.

This is a good experience in the struggle to frustrate the Vietnamese enemy

aggressors' criminal plan in spreading toxic chemicals to exterminate our

Cambodian race.

We call on our people in all localities to heighten their vigilance against

the Vietnamese agents by patrolling water sources used by our people, thoroughly

examining vegetables, meats, fruits, and cakes on sale in market places before

buying them for consumption, and keeping a close watch on the Vietnamese agents

so as to attack and arrest them before they spread toxic chemicals. The most

effective measure is for our people, fraternal Cambodian soldiers, militiamen,

and village and commune administrators who have been forced to serve the

Vietnamese war of aggression to closely unite with our DK National Army in

smashing and dismantling the Vietnamese enemy's village and commune administrations in order to liberate our villages and rescue our people from being

massacred by the Vietnamese enemy aggressors and arch criminals.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563
COALITION GOVERNMENT OF DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA KAMPUCHEA

CALL FOR MUTINIES AGAINST SRV CHEMICAL WEAPONS USE

BK080323 (Clandestine) Voice of Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian 2330 GMT

7 May 87

["Appeal to the Fraternal Cambodian Soldiers to Rise Up and Oppose the

Vietnamese Enemy Aggressors' Heinous Crimes Using Toxic Chemicals to Massacre

Innocent Cambodian People in Takeo and Kampot Provinces"]

[Text] Dear fraternal Cambodian soldiers forced to serve the Vietnamese war

of aggression:

After being sent to fight and die on the battlefield, back home in your villages

the Vietnamese enemy has barbarously intensified its crimes by massacring our

people—your parents, wives, children, and relatives in particular—with toxic

chemicals.

After using toxic chemicals to massacre 959 inhabitants in Kampot and Takeo

Provinces in March 1987, the Vietnamese enemy has spread more toxic chemicals

to massacre our people on a larger scale. As a matter of fact, between 11 and

30 April, in Kirivong District of Takeo Province and in Tuk Meas, Kompong

Trach, the Kampot Districts of Kampot Province, 1,184 people died because of

the Vietnamese enemy aggressors' toxic chemicals and 2,465 others were seriously

affected. Moreover, 1,690 head of cattle of our people died.

This is a most brutal, fascist, and horrid massacre perpetrated against

innocent Cambodians by the Vietnamese enemy.

Therefore, we call on all fraternal Cambodian soldiers to hurriedly desert the

Vietnamese criminals and flee back home to take care of your parents, wives,

children, and relatives. We especially call on you to flee and join our national

army in counterattacking the Vietnamese enemy aggressors in order to take

revenge for your wives, children, parents, and relatives and our Cambodian

nation and people.

Please hurry. Quickly make your decision. Do not hesitate any longer. If

you do not make your decision soon, the Vietnamese enemy will massacre everyone

in every village and all our people—wives, children, parents, and relatives—

will die.

By jointly fighting and smashing the Vietnamese enemy aggressors, the Cambodians will be sure to win, and all Cambodians, both large and small families,

and our entire Cambodian nation and race will surrive.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563 10
COALITION GOVERNMENT OF DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA KAMPUCHEA

VODK CRITICIZES SRV 'SECURITY INTERESTS' CLAIM

BK080311 (Clandestine) Voice of Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian 2330 GMT

7 May 87

[Station commentary:. "The Hanoi Vietnamese Enemy Cannot Cover Up Its

Aggression in Cambodia With Its Bandit Logic"]

[Text] An article in the Vietnamese party journal TAP CHI CONG SAN's latest

issue stated that Vietnam has security interests in Cambodia. Therefore, the

Vietnamese have committed aggression against Cambodia in order to defend

security. This is obsolete bandit logic of the Hanoi Vietnamese enemy

aggressors.

In the past, the Vietnamese enemy aggressors have used this pretext to defend

their security to justify their aggression and occupation of Cambodia and their

most barbarous and cruel massacre against the Cambodian people. Now, they are

using this "security" pretext to avoid withdrawing their aggressor troops from

Cambodia in accordance with the UN resolutions. This clearly shows that the

Hanoi Vietnamese enemy aggressors know only the law of the jungle and brute

force and have never respected international law, particularly the norms

governing relations among states, nor the independence, sovereignty, and

territorial integrity of any country.

However, the world community and the Cambodian people cannot accept this bandit

logic of the Vietnamese enemy. They hold firmly that Vietnam has no right to

invade, occupy, and manage the internal affairs of Cambodia—an independent and

sovereign state—at will. If the Vietnamese are allowed to freely use this

pretext to justify their aggression against Cambodia, in the future, the

Vietnamese or other aggressors will certainly use this bandit logic to justify

their aggression against other countries in Southeast Asia or other regions in

the world. This will seriously affect security, stability, and international

order throughout the world. For this reason, the world community has rejected

this bandit logic and strongly opposed the Vietnamese aggression in Cambodia.

The world community is well aware that the Vietnamese enemy aggressors have

persistently raised this pretext of defending their security in order to avoid

withdrawing their aggressor troops from Cambodia and to forever occupy Cambodia.

Therefore, it is necessary for the world to further pressure the Hanoi

11
Vietnamese authorities, such as by not giving them aid and suspending or

severing relations with Vietnam so as to join hands with the Cambodian people's

struggle inside the country to force the Hanoi authorities to respect the

international law, listen to the world community's demand, and withdraw all

their aggressor troops from Cambodia in order to allow the Cambodian people

to decide their own destiny in accordance with the UN resolutions.

The Cambodian people have stressed clearly to the world community that Cambodia

is a small country. It has a small population and has no ability to threaten

or commit aggression against Vietnam. Cambodia only wants to coexist peacefully with all countries near and far throughout the world, particularly with,

neighboring countries, including Vietnam. This is why the CGDK has put forth

an 8-point peace proposal calling on the Hanoi authorities to negotiate with

the CGDK in order to end the war in Cambodia through the total withdrawal of

the Vietnamese aggressor troops from Cambodia. After the total withdrawal of

Vietnamese troops, Cambodia is willing to sign a treaty of peace and nonaggression with Vietnam so as to ensure that the two countries and peoples of

Cambodia and Vietnam coexist peacefully forever.

But if the Hanoi authorities obstinately reject the sincere intentions of the

Cambodian people and the CGDK and refuse to withdraw their aggressor troops

from Cambodia, the Fambodian people, the DK National Army, and all patriotic

Cambodian forces will have no other choice but to continue to rally their

great national union and carry on their struggle against the Vietnamese enemy

aggressors more vigorously on the battlefield until they are forced to accept

the CGDK's 8-point peace proposal, enter negotiations to solve the Cambodian

problem, and withdraw all their aggressor troops from Cambodia in accordance

with UN resolutions.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563

12
COALITION GOVERNMENT OF DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA KAMPUCHEA

DK ARMY COMMUNIQUE ON DRY SEASON FIGHTING

BK110700 (Clandestine) Voice of the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea in

Cambodian 2315 GMT 10 May 87

[30 April "Communique by Commander-in-Chief of DK National Army Son Sen

Summing Up Battle Results in the Ninth Dry Season, from October 1986 to

30 April 1987"—recorded]

[Text] Thirty April 1987 is the official end of the ninth dry season in

which the Cambodian people have been struggling against the Vietnamese enemy

aggressors, territorial expansionists and annexationists, and race exterminators.

On this occasion, the Supreme Command of the DK National Army would like to

summarize the battle results from battlefields throughout the country and

some major points.

1. We killed 15,000 Vietnamese soldiers.

2. The number of Vietnamese administrative networks in villages and communes

which were repeatedly attacked and dismantled increased by threefold.

3. Many tens of thousands of people conscripted for the K-5 plan both on

battlefields in western Cambodia and inside the country were freed.

4. We freed and dispersed 13,000 Cambodian soldiers in divisions, provincial

units, village and commune militia units, and village and commune officials

who have been forced to serve the Vietnamese enemy..

5. We attacked and destroyed the Phnom Penh-Battambang and Phnom Penh-Kompong

Som railway lines at 140 places with a total length of 11 km. We destroyed

8 locomotives, 70 wagons, 222 army trucks, and 185 motorboats, boats, and

barges.

The DK National Army Supreme Command would like to make the following

observations on the above battle results.

I. The Real Situation on the Battlefield

13
1. In this ninth dry season, the Vietnamese enemy continued to try to seal

off Cambodia's western border. However, this plan was basically thwarted by

the DK National Army and other nationalist forces, in cooperation with

Cambodian people and soldiers, village and commune militiamen, and administrative officials forced to serve the Vietnamese enemy.

In fact, our National Army is still able to carry supplies into Cambodia and

successively attack the Vietnamese enemy throughout the country. As for the

Vietnamese plan to gather Vietnamese forces to wipe out DK National Army forces

inside Cambodia, it was also basically thwarted. We have been able to

preserve our forces and continue to attack and dismantle Vietnamese village

and commune administrative networks in general. We have successively attacked

and pressured some major cities and successively attacked large and small

Vietnamese strategic lines on rail, on land, and on waterways.

In the ninth dry season, we noted that the Vietnamese enemy was in a situation

in which it had greatly lost the initiative. The Vietnamese have withdrawn

some of their forces from this and that place to stop attacks against cities

and large and small strategic lines by the DK National Army. At other times,

the Vietnamese withdrew some of their forces from this and that place to

oppose the DK National Army at other places. However, despite this hectic

movement, the Vietnamese generally have been unable to resist our attacks

against villages and communes, against cities, and against large and small

strategic lines. This situation also showed that about 140,000 Vietnamese

soldiers are tied down by the DK National Army's guerrilla network throughout

the country, in hundreds and thousands of villages, along strategic lines, and

in some major towns, particularly Siem Reap, Battambang, Kompong Thorn, and

Phnom Penh.

This is why in the past ningh dry season, the Vietnamese enemy did not have

enough forces to launch any major offensive against our DK National Army,

both inside Cambodia and in the western part of the country, as it did in the

previous dry seasons. None of the attacks which the Vietnamese were able to

launch were at division level; regiment-level attacks were few. Generally

speaking, the Vietnamese enemy used companies to oppose us; but this also was

unsuccessful.

2. The Hanoi Vietnamese leaders sent hundreds of thousands of their troops

to invade Cambodia hoping and greatly relying on the implementation of a

strategy or theory of supplying the war of aggression with local resources.

This strategy or theory relies on using existing human and economic resources

in Cambodia to feed Vietnam's war of aggression, territorial expansion and

annexation, and race extermination to occupy Cambodia forever.

In this ninth dry season, the Vietnamese enemy did its best to most actively

implement this strategy or theory by gathering its forces from everywhere and

deploying them in villages, along strategic lines, and around some major

cities to restore and strengthen village administrative networks which had

been repeatedly attacked and dismantled by our DK National Army in the eighth

dry and rainy seasons. However, our DK National Army implemented a strategy

14
of attacking villages in general; encircling, putting pressure on, and isolating

a number of cities; and successively attacking large and small strategic lines.

This has to a large extent seriously thwarted the Vietnamese enemy's strategy

or theory of supplying a war of aggression with local resources. The number of

Cambodian soldiers the Vietnamese enemy were able to recruit was a lot fewer

than previously; and so was the number of people rounded up for the K-5 plan.

Compared to previous years, the Vietnamese enemy was able to plunder only a

small portion of people's resources to feed its army.

3. Compatriot Cambodian soldiers, whom the Vietnamese have tried to organize

into orderly units to assist and replace Vietnamese aggressor forces in Cambodia,

have deteriorated and become increasingly shaky.

Compatriot Cambodian soldiers, village and commune militiamen, and patriotic

village and commune officials, who have been forced to serve the Vietnamese

enemy, have increasingly revolted against and deserted the Vietnamese. They

have joined our DK National Army and other nationalist forces in increasing

numbers. They have deserted Individually, in platoons, in companies, and even

in battalions. This clearly shows that the Vietnamese strategy of attempting

to set up orderly units of Cambodian soldiers, village and commune militiamen,

and village and commune administrative officials to assist and replace

Vietnamese aggressor forces in Cambodia has been dealt a heavy blow..

4. The Vietnamese enemy K-5 plan has been basically thwarted, primarily

because our DK National Army has implemented a strategy of attacking villages

in general thus preventing the Vietnamese from rounding up people for their

K-5 plan. Once rounded up and taken to battlefields in western Cambodia, those

compatriots took the opportunity to flee home when our National Army attacked,

the Vietnamese.

The above fine results in the ninth dry season were due to many factors. Here

are the major ones:

1. It is because our DK National Army has grasped and implemented the new

5-point and 7-point fighting methods. In particular, it is getting better at

attacking villages.

2. Our people throughout the country, in rural areas and cities, have

cooperated in carrying out increasing numbers of every form of anti-Vietnamese

activity everywhere throughout the country.

3. Increasing numbers of compatriot Cambodian soldiers, village and commune

militiamen, and patriotic village and commune administrative officials have

more actively cooperated with our DK National Army in fighting against the

Vietnamese enemy in every way possible throughout the country, on battlefields

in western Cambodia, and inside the country.

4. The tripartite resistance forces have further improved their unity and

cooperation in fighting against the Vietnamese enemy. This cooperation is

satisfactorily getting better than before. All of us, like our friends near and

far who support the Cambodian people's struggle the world over,-are very happy

with this development.

15
On this occasion, Democratic Kampuchea would like to reaffirm that it will

firmly adhere to a policy of great national unity, national reconciliation, and

tripartite cooperation in diplomatic, political, and military activities, and

others, at present and in the future, and considers sacred the survival of the

nation, people, and race in the complex political geography of the world and

Asia in this era.

5. The tripartite CGDK with Samdech Norodom Sihanouk as head has played an

important role, both at home and abroad, to advance the military cause.

6. Increasing numbers of friends the world over have constantly provided

support and assistance to the Cambodian people's just struggle.

II. The General Situation

In the past ninth dry season, the DK National Army Supreme Command further

noted that two aspects emerged from the general situation on the Cambodian

battlefield.

The first aspect: The Vietnamese enemy is at a complete impasse militarily.

In the international arena, international forces continue to pressure Vietnam

in every way. In Vietnam itself, the Vietnamese face great problems in their

economy, people's living standards, and within their leadership. This

situation clearly shows that the Cambodian people's struggle under the CGDK's

leadership has reached a stage in which the Cambodian people will certainly

be able to liberate Cambodia in the future.

The second aspect: The Hanoi Vietnamese remain stubborn because they are

sticking to their Indochinese federation strategy and their regional strategy.

Along with this, the Hanoi Vietnamese receive enormous assistance from the

Soviet Union because the latter has a clear expansionist strategy in Asia and

the Pacific and has already established strategic bases at Cam Ranh and Danang

in Vietnam. These strategic bases of the Soviet Union would enable it to

control Southeast Asia, the South China Sea, and the Strait of Malacca. They

would also serve as a stepping stone for the Soviet Union to strengthen and

expand its strategic role in the South Pacific.

We also note that the world's political geography, particularly in Southeast

Asia and Asia-Pacific, is still complex and the object of contention between

superpowers. This complexity is also related to the Cambodian problem.

Therefore, the Supreme Command of the DK National Army asks every unit of

our National Army, both in front and in the rear, on every battlefield throughout the country to:

1. Strive to continue their attacks and implement the new 5-point and 7-point

fighting methods, particularly double their efforts in attacking villages.

2. Strive to further promote people's forces throughout the country to

cooperate with the National Army in fighting against the Vietnamese enemy

through everyform more vigorously and more actively in villages and other places.

16
3. Strive to disperse Cambodian soldiers, village and commune militiamen,

and village and commune administrative officials who have been forced to serve

the Vietnamese enemy in order to save them from their death at the hands of the

Vietnamese and to allow them to join people and our DK National Army in the

struggle through every form more actively and more vigorously.

4. Strive to further improve the implementation of the policy of great

national unity among all our compatriots at home and abroad based on the 8-

point peace proposal which our nation and people have already considered as

the nation's constitution at present and in the future.

5. Strive to forge a closer unity and cooperation among the tripartite

resistance forces within the CGDK's framework to use as an increasingly powerful force to currently fight against the Vietnamese enemy for national

liberation and as a powerful force to defend and build the country in the

future.

Compatriots and beloved DK comrades-in-arms: Our Cambodian people's struggle

under the CGDK's leadership has gone on for more than 8 years. This is a

valiant and courageous national liberation struggle which has gone through all

kinds of big and small obstacles from one year to another until reaching the

present situation. This was partly due to the serious problems faced by- the

Hanoi Vietnamese enemy aggressors on the battlefield of aggression in Cambodia,

in the international arena, and in Vietnam itself. Furthermore, the past 8

years have clearly shown that the Cambodian people's struggle has reached a

stage in which the light of the national liberation's victory is clearly

visible. The direction of the situation is increasingly unfavorable to the

Hanoi Vietnamese enemy aggressors while it is more and more in favor of our

Cambodian people's national liberation struggle.

We are this confident because of the resistance efforts of our people under

the CGDK's leadership, the increasing support and assistance of the international community which is putting further pressure on Vietnam in every

field, and because of the difficult problems faced by Vietnam among its top

leaders.

In the future, all of us clearly realize that with the Cambodian people's

persistent struggle and with the support and assistance of the international

community to continue its all-round and persistent pressure on Vietnam, the

Hanoi Vietnamese will certainly be forced to resolve the Cambodian issue

politically by withdrawing all their aggressor forces from Cambodia. This

would be an opportunity to restore peace and security in Cambodia and in

Vietnam, and peace, security, and stability in Southeast Asia and the AsiaPacific region as well.

Finally, the DK National Army Supreme Command would like to express most profound gratitude to all friendly countries near and far and all peace- and

justice-loving countries the world over for having provided constant support

and assistance to the Cambodian people's just struggle against the Vietnamese

17
enemy aggressors and race exterminators. At the same time, we appeal to all

friendsly countries near and far to continue to support and assist the

Cambodian people's just struggle until the Vietnamese enemy aggressors agree to

unconditionally withdraw all their aggressor forces from Cambodia to let the

Cambodian people decide their destiny themselves without any outside interference. We appeal to all friendly countries near and far to continue to

pressure Vietnam constantly until it agrees to sit at the negotiating table

with the CGDK to resolve the Cambodian issue politically in accordance with

the 8-point peace proposal, which is a most reasonable and just proposal

benefiting the people of Cambodia, Vietnam, Southeast Asia, Asia-Pacific, and

the world.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563

18
COALITION GOVERNMENT OF DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA KAMPUCHEA

SRV REGIMENT COMMANDER KILLED IN MONDOLKIRI

BK130335 (Clandestine) Voice of Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian 2330 GMT

12 May 87

[Text] On 3 May, our DK National Army launched a commando attack on the command

post of the Vietnamese enemy's 196th Regiment, 196th Division, stationed at

(0 Sralau) and (Memang), which constitute part of the defense networm of Kev

Seima District, Mondolkiri Province. After 15 minutes of fighting, we completely destroyed this position, killing 20 Vietnamese soldiers on the spot,

including a regiment commander and a company leader, wounding 17 others, and

destroying 20 assorted weapons, including 1 60-mm mortar, 5 B-41's, 1 B-40,

1 M-79, 1 M-30, 1 RPD, and 11 AK's, 10 barracks, including the house of the

regiment commander, 1 ammunition depot, 1 rice store house with 130 sacks of

rice, 1 truck, and some materiel. We set six fraternal Cambodian soldiers

free and allowed them to go home.

It should be noted that after we attacked the defense network of Kev Seima

District, the Vietnamese enemy inside Kev Seima District seat became panic

stricken. The other Vietnamese district administrators fled by car to

Senmonorom, the provincial capital, in the middle of the night.

On 6 May, our National Army attacked Baribo District seat in three prongs.

After 30 minutes of fighting, we completely captured the three targets, killing

6 Vietnamese soldiers and wounding 5 others; destroying 16 assorted guns,

including 3 B-40 and B-41's, 5 AK's, 1 M-79, 1 RPD, and 6 AR-15's, 1 rice

husking machine, 1 garment storehouse with 100 rolls of cloth, 1 rice storehouse

with 80 sacks of rice, 1 paddy storehouse with 150 sacks of paddy, 1 district

office building, 1 commune office building, 10 barracks, and some war materiel;

seizing 5 AK's, 3 AR-15's, 500 rounds of AK ammunition, 10 rolls of cloth, and

some war materiel; and liberating 6 villages, namely (Prey Ta Mul), Phniet,

Kbal Thnal, (Kamprong), Thnal Bat, and Thmei.

On 1 May, our National Army in cooperation with the local population and

patriotic fraternal Cambodian soldiers attacked Peam market, Tuk Meas District,

Kampot Province, killing 5 Vietnamese soldiers on the spot and wounding many

others and destroying 7 motorboats, 25 row boats, and 150 military barracks.

/9738

CS0: 4200/563

19
COALITION GOVERNMENT OF DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA KAMPUCHEA

BRIEFS

SRV MAJOR KILLED—According to a report from the KPNLF command, 16 Vietnamese

soldiers were killed on the spot, including a major and some other wounded by

KPNLF combatants in the 7th army region. The report says a Vietnamese convoy,

moving from Varin to Srei Snam District on 20 April, was ambushed near Sleng

Spean villages. In the attack, which lasted for lo minutes, Son Sann combatants also seized 10 AK47's, 1 B-40, 1 pistol, 1 M-16, 600 rounds of AK

ammunition, 4 B-40 rockets, 2 hand grenades, 16 rucksacks, and other material.

[Summary] [(Clandestine) Voice of the Khmer in Cambodain 0500 GMT 4 May 87

BK] /9738

SIHANOUK STEPS DOWN—Beijing, 15 May (AFP)—Prince Sihanouk said he has taken

the "irrevocable" decision to step down for one year as president of the

Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea, a statement signed by the prince

available here said Friday. "I solemnly declare that I cease for a period of

12 months (May 7, 1987 to May 7, 1988) all diplomatic and other activities on

behalf of Democratic Kampuchea," the prince said in a statement dated 7 May

and sent from the North Korean capital Pyongyang. Prince Sihanouk, confirming

earlier press reports of his decision to step down, said he did so because of

attacks on his followers inside Cambodia by the "SS Khmer Rouge." [Text]

[Hong Kong AFP in English 0116 GMT 15 May 87 HK] /9738

KOMPONG CHAM BATTALION ATTACKED—East Kompong Cham battlefield: On 1 May,

our National Army attacked a Vietnamese battalion position at Chamraeun

village, which is the seat of Chamka Kausu Tapav commune in Kroch Chhma

District [Kompong Cham Province]. After a 15-minute battle, we killed 5 and

wounded 10 Vietnamese soldiers; destroyed 7 tractors, a vehicle, a motorcycle,

2 bicycles, 4 barracks, 2 barrels of diesel, a barrel of kerosene, a world map,

80 sacks of rice, and some war materiel; and seized 2 AK's, 2 SK's, 300 rounds

of AK ammunition, 3 hand grenades, a typewriter, and some war materiel.

[From the "Daily Report From Various Battlefields" feature] [Excerpt]

[(Clandestine) Voice of the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian

2315 GMT 9 May 87 BK] /9738

TRAIN DESTROYED IN BATTAMBANG—Moung-Pursat battlefield: On 30 April, a

Vietnamese train carrying paddy and rice from Battambang to Phnom Penh was hit

by five of our mines between Kralaom Phluk and Thnal Bat villages in Moung

District [Battambang Province]. Sixteen Vietnamese soldiers on the train were

20
killed and another 14 wounded; 5 wagons, 2 B-40's, a 12.8 mm gun, an M-79,

6 AK's, and 60 meters of railroad track at five places were destroyed.

[From the "Daily Report from Various Battlefields" feature] [Excerpt]

[(Clandestine) Voice of the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian

2315 GMT 8 May 87 BK] /9738

30 ARRESTED IN BATTAMBANG—On 30 April, the Vietnamese enemy arrested 30 people

in Ampil Chhoung, Thnal Bat, and Kralaom Phluk villages in Russei Krang

commune, Moung District [Battambang Province] and put them in jail in

Battambang, accusing them of collaborating with our National Army to ambush

a Vietnamese train. [Text] [(Clandestine) Voice of the National Army of

Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian 2315 GMT 8 May 87 BK] 79738

POISON SPREADING SOLDIERS KILLED—On 30 April, a group of patriotic Cambodian

soldiers posted in Som village, Som commune, Kirivong District, Takeo Province, killed five Vietnamese soldiers who were spreading poison. On 1 May,

patriotic Cambodian soldiers in Kbal Thnal Pey Sa in Kirivong District,

Takeo Province, killed three and wounded two Vietnamese soldiers because they

were angry with these Vietnamese soldiers who were spreading poison to massacre

our people. [Text] [(Clandestine) Voice of the National Army of Democratic

Kampuchea in Cambodian 2315 GMT 10 May 87 BK] /9738

RANNARIT TRIP TO INDONESIA—According to a report from FUNCINPEC, Prince

Norodom Rannarit, personal representative of Samdech Norodom Sihanouk in

Cambodia and Asia and commander in chief of the ANS, left Bangkok, Thailand,

yesterday morning for a visit to Indonesia at the invitation of Indonesian

Foreign Minister Mokhtar Kusumaatmaja. The report says Prince Rannarit's

visit to Indonesia is for the purpose of exchanging views on the Cambodian

issue, on which the Indonesian foreign minister would like to have the prince's

opinion, and also wants to know Cambodian resistance fighters' stand before

his coming meeting with Vietnamese leaders. Prince Norodom Rannarit is due

to leave Indonesia for Bangkok this Tuesday. [Text] [(Clandestine) Voice of

the Khmer in Cambodian 0500 GMT 5 May 87 BK] /9738

MESSAGE TO KHIEU SAMPHAN—On the occasion of Democratic Kampuchea's National

Day, I would like to express warm congratulations to Your Excellency with the

firm belief that the friendly relations and cooperation between our two peoples

and countries will further develop and get stronger. I also take this

opportunity to wish you greater successes in your noble task for the Cambodian

nation's future and happiness. [Signed] Kim Yong-nam, DPRK deputy prime

minister and minister of foreign affairs. [Dated] Pyongyang, 17 April 1987

[17 April message from DPRK Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Kim

Yong-nam to DK Vice President Khieu Samphan] [Text] [(Clandestine) Voice

of Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian 2330 GMT 21 Apr 87 BK] /9738

SOLDIERS KILLED BY GRENADE—Phnom Penh battlefield: On the inght of 18 April,

our National Army, in cooperation with the people and patriotic Cambodian

soldiers, lobbed grenades on Vietnamese soldiers in Chhba Ampeou, killing

three, including a platoon commander, and wounding five others. [From the

"Daily Report from Various Battlefields" feature] [Excerpt] [(Clandestine

Voice of the National Army of Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian 2315 GMT 4 May

87 BK] /9738

CSO: 4200/563 21
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KAMPUCHEA KAMPUCHEA

MILITARY ACTIVITIES IN BATTAMBANG PROVINCE REPORTED

BK050736 Phnom Penh Domestic Service in Cambodian 1300 GMT 5 May 87

[Station correspondent's interview with Van Sophat, chairman of military

committee in Battambang Province]

[Excerpts] [passage omitted on training courses for combatants and

militiamen] In 1986, we launched 2,955 operations; 2,498 of these were

launched independently and 457 in cooperation with friends. We clashed

459 times with the enemies. As a result, we killed 699 enemy soldiers,

including 5 Pol Pot battalion officers and a grade "Kor" [third letter in

Cambodian alphabet] officer, 2 grade "Khor" [fourth letter in Cambodian

alphabet] Son Sann officers, and a grade "Khor" Sihanouk officer; wounded

911 others, including a grade "Khor" Pol Pot officer; and took 121 prisoners;

222 surrendered during the battles. We seized 394 assorted weapons, including

278 AK*s, 39 B-40's, 5 CK launchers, 8 K-54's, 20 B-30.5's, 5 B^62's, a

K-57, 3 SK's, 17 SKS's, 2 M-16's, 3 carbines, a 60-mm gun, 3 B-41's, a K-44,

a DPK gun, 5 DPM guns, an M-79, and a quantity of materiel.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563

22
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KAMPUCHEA KAMPUCHEA

BRIEFS

RETURNEES IN KOMPONG SPEU—In 1st quarter of this year, 53 misled persons

turned themselves in to the revolutionary authorities in Kompong Speu

Province, bringing along 18 weapons. [Excerpt] [Phnom Penh Domestic

Service in Cambodian 1300 GMT 19 Apr 87 BK] /9738

DRY-SEASON RICE HARVESTED—Phnom Penh, 8'May (SPK)—By early April this year,

peasants throughout the country had gathered dry-season rice on 73,400 ha

with an average yield of 2.25 tons per hectare, said a report made recently

by the Ministry of Agriculture. Kandal Province got the highest average

yield of 2.65 tons per hectare, which was followed by the provinces of Kampot,

Stung Treng and the city of Phnom Penh with their 2.50 tons per hectare.

In this season the peasants are expected to put 125,000 ha under rice.

[Text] [Phnom Penh SPK in English 0500 GMT 8 May 87 BK] /9738

HUN SEN-ALBANIAN COUNTERPART—Phnom Penh, 10 May (SPK)—Hun Sen, chairman of

the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Kampuchea, has sent a

message of greetings to his Albanian counterpart, Adil Carcani, on his 65th

birthday. In his message, Premier Hun Sen notably says: "I wish you the best

of health, longevity and new greater success in the implementation of the

resolution of the Albanian Party of Labor's Ninth Congress." Hun Sen also

expressed his firm conviction that the ties of friendship between the two

countries and two peoples would further develop and strengthen, thus contributing to safeguarding peace in the region and the world over. [Text]

[Phnom Penh SPK in English 1141 GMT 10 May 87 BK] /9738

NGUON NHEL VISITS CHAM MINORITIES—On the afternoon of 29 April Comrade Nguon

Nhel, alternate member of the party Central Committee Political Bureau and

secretary of the Phnom Penh Municipality's provisional party committee,

visited fraternal Cham ethnic minorities at Chrang Chamres ward of Russei

Kev District. During the visit, Comrade Nguon Nhel chatted intimately with

the fraternal Cham nationalities and praised them for actively joining the

masses' triple revolutionary movement and for correctly implementing the

policies and resolutions of the fifth party congress regarding the ethnic

minorities. Comrade Nguon Nhel also noted the party-state attention and care

for the fraternal ethnic minorities, allowing them to enjoy the rights and

freedoms and have their own religions beliefs. [Excerpt] [Phnom Penh

Domestic Service in Cambodian 1300 GMT 1 May 87 BK] /9738

23
INDUSTRY MINISTRY LABOR DAY—On 29 April, Bou Thang, member of the Political

Bureau of the party Central Committee and vice chairman of the Council of

Ministers, accompanied by Meas Samnang, industry minister, took part in a

labor day and visited cadres and workers at the Number 3 mechanical workshop

under the Industry Ministry. Bou Thang praised the responsible spirit of

cadres for vigorously carrying out their tasks and called on all workers to

implement well the party's policy. [Excerpt] [Phnom Penh Domestic Service

in Cambodian 0430 GMT 1 May 87 BK] /9738

LABOR DAY MEETING—Phnom Penh, 1 May (SPK)—A 400-strong meeting was organized

jointly in Phnom Penh today by the KFTU, the KUFNCD National Council, and the

Phnom Penh People's Revolutionary Committee to mark the international labor

day. Addressing the meeting, Tie Banh, alternate member of the KPRP Central

Committee and minister of posts, transport, and communications, underlined

the historic significance of the international labor day and the achievements

made by the Cambodian people in the past 8 years, particularly in developing

the four spearheads of national economy: food, rubber, forestry, and aquatic

products. Also present were Mat Ly, Political Bureau member of the KPRP

Central Committee, vice chairman of the National Assembly, and chairman of the

KFTU; Nguon Nhel, alternate member of the Political Bureau and secretary of

the Phnom Penh party committee; and Koy Buntha, member of the party Central

Committee and minister of national defense. [Excerpts] [Phnom Penh SPK in

English 1119 GMT 1 87 BK] /9738

RETURNEES IN KOMPONG SPEU—In April, state authorities in Kompong Speu Province received 18 misled persons, who brought along four AK's and a K-54.

[Excerpt] [Phnom Penh Domestic Service in Cambodian 0430 GMT 6 May 87 BK]

/9738

TRADE MINISTRY MEETING—On 25 April, at the Conference Hall of the Trade

Ministry, a meeting was held to sum up nationwide trading activities in 1986

and set targets for implementation in 1987 in the presence of Political Bureau

member and Vice Chairman of the Council of Ministers Chea Soth. Trade

Minister Ho Non said that in 1986 the trade service bought nearly 50 percent

of the plan for paddy purchase, or nearly twice as much as in 1985. Only

Stung Treng Province achieved 111 percent of plan. Import and export surpassed that of the previous year. Trading with Vietnam was also satisfactory.

In his opening speech, Chea Soth urged all concerned in the trading domain to

seek to eliminate shortcomings and develop strengths in order to bring about

greater progress to this sector. [Summary] [Phnom Penh Domestic Service

in Cambodian 0430 GMT 27 Apr 87 BK] /9738

RETURNEES IN KOMPONG CHAM—In March, authorities in Kompong Cham Province

received 20 misled persons, including 6 Sereika soldiers and 14 Pol Potists,

who brought along 13 weapons and a field radio. [Excerpt] [Phnom Penh Domestic

Service in Cambodian 1300 GMT 25 Apr 87 BK] /9738

24
DRY SEASON RICE—Ptmon Penh, 24 Apr (SPK)—By 9 April this year, peasants

throughout the country had transplanted dry-season rice on 122,340 hectares,

an increase of 4,968 hectares over the corresponding period last year.

Leading were the provinces of Kompong Speu, Preah Vihear, and Svay Rieng

respectively, with 46, 40, and 2 percent over their targets. Besides transplanting, the peasants reaped early dry-season rice on 38,300 hectares with

an average yield of 292 tons per hectare. [Text] [Phnom Penh SPK in English

1118 GMT 24 Apr 87 BK] /9738

GREETINGS TO SWEDISH COMMUNIST PARTY—Phnom Penh, 14 May (SPK)—Heng Samrin,

general secretary of the KPRP Central Committee, has sent a message of warm

greetings to the Left-Wing Communist Party of Sweden on the occasion of its

70th anniversary and its 28th Congress. The message says:. "We wish the LeftWing Communist Party of Sweden successes for the revolutionary cause of the

Swedish workers and the Swedish people peace and well-being. We would like to

deeply thank the Left-Wing Communist Party of Sweden for the support it has

given the Cambodian people fighting to safeguard national independence, peace,

and social progress. May the relations of friendship between our two parties

develop steadily in the interest of peace, democracy, and socialism."

[Text] [Phnom Penh SPK in English 0418 GMT 14 May 87 BK] /9738

CSO: 4200/563

25
LAOS

LEADERS CONGRATULATE AFGHAN COUNTERPARTS

BK110313 Vientiane Domestic Service in Lao 0000 GMT 28 Apr 87

[Text] On 27 April Comrade Kaysone Phomvihan, general secretary of the LPRP

Central Committee and chairman of the LPDR Council of Ministers, sent a

greetings message to Comrade Najibullah, general secretary of the PDPA Central

Committee, and Comrade Soltan 'Ali Keshtmand, chairman of the Council of

Ministers of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, in Kabul. The message

reads:

On the occasion of the ninth anniversary of the founding of the Democratic

Republic of Afghanistan, on behalf of the LPRP Central Committee, the LPDR

Council of Ministers, and the Lao people and in my own name, I am very pleased

to convey sincere congratulations and best wishes to you, comrades, and through

you to the PDPA Central Committee, the Council of Ministers, and the fraternal

people of Afghanistan.

During the past 9 years the fraternal Afghan people have overcome many

difficulties in opposing the interference and sabotage of the imperialists and

the reactionaries to defend their independence, territorial integrity, and the

gains of the April revolution and have achieved many good results in their

socioeconomic development.

The LPDR wholeheartedly supports the Afghan Government's policy of establishing

national reconciliation and is convinced that this policy will be carried out

with splendid success in the interest of the Afghan people and for peace in

this region.

May the relations of friendship and fraternal solidarity between the parties,

governments, and peoples of the two countries develop further.

On the same day Comrade Phoumi Vongvichit, acting president of the LPDR, also

sent a greetings message to Comrade Haji Mohammed Chamkani, acting president of

the Revolutionary Council of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. The

message reads:

26
On the occasion of the founding anniversary of the Democratic Republic of

Afghanistan, on behalf of the Lao people and government and in my own name, I

am pleased to extend to you and through you to the fraternal Afghan people and

government our warm congratulations and best wishes for happiness, prosperity,

and success in defending the independence, sovereignty, and gains of the April

revolution. May the fraternal relations of friendship and militant solidarity

between our two countries and peoples be further developed and strengthened

continuously.

On this occasion, Comrade Phun Sipaseut, vice chairman of the LPDR Council of

Ministers and minister of foreign affairs, also sent a greetings message to

Comrade Abdol Wakil, foreign minister of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563

27
LAOS

LEADERS GREET CSSR COUNTERPARTS ON NATIONAL DAY

BK091010 Vientiane KPL in English 0900 GMT 9 May 87

[Text] Vientiane, 9 May (KPL)—Lao top leaders, on 8 May sent a joint message

to their Czechoslovak counterparts, greeting the 42d National Day of the

Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.

The message was signed by Kaysone Phomvihan, general secretary of the LPRP

CC, chairman of the Council of Ministers, Phoumi Vongvichit, acting president

of the Lao PDR and Sisomphon Lovansai, acting president of the People's

Supreme Assembly, and was addressed to Gustav Husak, general secretary of the

Central Committee of the Communist Party.of Czechoslovakia, president of the

CSSR, Lubomir Strougal, chairman of the Council of Ministers of the CSSR, and

Alois Indra, chairman of the Federal National Assembly.

The message said:

"On the occasion of the 42d anniversary of the CSSR, on behalf of the LPRP

CC, the People's Supreme Assembly, the Council of Ministers, and the people of

the Lao PDR, and in our own names, we have the pleasure to convey to you, and

through you, to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia,

the Federal National Assembly, government and people of Czechoslovakia, our

warmest congratulations and best wishes.

"In the past year, under the clearsighted leadership of the Communist Party of

Czechlslovakia, the Czechoslovak people have tirelessly constructed their

nation, thus turning Czechoslovakia into a socialist country with a developed

economy, progressive culture, modern science and technology and powerful

national defense.

"On this occasion, we wish the fraternal Czechoslovak people great successes

in the implementation of the resolution of the 17th Congress of the Communist

Party of Czechoslovakia and the five-year state plan. We wish the fraternal

relations, solidarity and cooperation between our two countries further developOn the same occasion, Phoun Sipaseut, minister for foreign affairs of the Lao

PDR, has also sent a message of greetings to his Czechoslovak counterpart,

Bohuslav Chnoupek.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563 28
LAOS

'SANG'-'SAT' DIALOGUE ON PROBLEM OF THAI RELATIONS

BK050745 Vientiane Domestic Service in Lao 0500 GMT 3 May 87

[Conversation between "Uncle Sang" and "Uncle Sat"-—recorded, date not given]

[Excerpt] [Sat] By the way, Uncle Sang, I still have another issue to

discuss with you.

[Sang] What is it, uncle? Go ahead, I am ready to hear it,

[Sat] Well, actually, it is not a new issue. It is an old one that we have

often talked about. But, I just want to talk about it again. It is the issue

of Lao-Thai relations.

[Sang] Oh, the Lao-Thai issue.

[Sat] Yes, it is the issue that we have recently talked about. Here again,

I would like to talk with you about the basic problem on the settlement or

the improvement of the neighborly and fraternal relations between Laos and

Thailand. This problem has not yet been appropriately resolved in accordance

with the spirit and the aspiration of the peoples of the two countries. This

is because a group of ill-intentioned elements in Thailand are still striving

to sabotage and destroy Lao-Thai relations.

[Sang] That is true, uncle. What you have said is correct. Those spies in

Thai territory have continued to infiltrate into Laos to carry out sabotage.

[Sat] That is right, uncle. That is why I want to discuss with you the problem

of vigilance. It is apparent that the free exchange of visits and the trade in

smuggled goods can still be seen going on regularly. There is a report that

these practices are even expanding with each passing day.

[Sang] That is certainly true, uncle. The Lao and Thai peoples have always

been fond of each other. That is why they travel to visit each other.

[Sat] Yes, uncle. But, as we have said, the group of bad elements in Thailand

have taken advantage of the exchange of visits between the two peoples to

carry out activities to subvert and sabotage our new system and destroy the

29
fraternal and neighborly relations between the two nations. Regarding this,

I am of the opinion that the principles on the relations between the two nations

have not yet been resolutely set.

[Sang] What should we do, then?

[Sat] I think this issue should be scrupulously studied. It should not be

ignored. Friends and foes must be explicitly distinguished.

[Sang] I agree with you, uncle.

[Sat] We have learned many lessons about this in the past, uncle.

[Sang] That is absolutely true, uncle. I see that we all should come to

understand that, in light of this situation, we should not stand idle. As

we see, in Thailand, there still remain seriously complicated problems in the

political, economic, and social fields.

[Sat] Yes, uncle, this is known to all. Thai radios and newspapers have

daily carried news reports on robbery, crimes, and similar cases.

[Sang] That is why I have said that the social problems in Thailand still

remain very serious. Robbery, prostitution, gambling, and many other criminal

cases can be seen every day in Thailand.

[Sat] Yes, uncle, that is true. That is why we should warn our children to

always maintain vigilance and fight to demand that the Thai side recognize the

friendship agreement, meaning the spirit and contents of the joint statements,

as signed by governments of the two countries in 1979. At the same time, we

must try to make the Thai side agree to study the proposal ss advanced in

Bangkok by the head of the high-level Lao technical delegation. Only by so

doing can the Thai side make our Lao side maintain confidence.

[Sang] Right, uncle.

[Sat] And only by maintaining confidence between the Lao and Thai peoples can

the travel to visit each other be safe. These are all my views about this

issue, uncle.

[Sang] Thanks, uncle.

[Sat] Do you have anything else to say, uncle?

[Sang] Oh, yes, uncle.

[Sat] What is it?

[Sang] It is about the 101th anniversary of International Labor Day.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563

30
LAOS

POLICE CADRE QUESTIONS TRAINING, NEW GENERATION, SALARY

Vientiane VIENTIANE MAI in Lao 2, 3 Mar 87

["Conversation with Readers' Friends" column: "The Direction for Training

Cadres of the New Generation"]

[2 Mar 87 p 2]

[Excerpts] Question: I. What is the policy of the party and government on

raising the standard of living and training of cadres, government employees,

workers, soldiers and police of the new generation? 2. Why is it that pay

rates for cadres at the same level in the same ministry but in different

departments are so different? For example, those in the Public Security

Service are paid on the basis of their rank. The noncommissioned officers are

land corporal, corporal and sergeant. In some regiments the land corporal

receives more pay than sergeants, and sergeants receive a higher rate of pay

than sublieutenants. What is the reason for this? How is it decided to send

people for training? I hope you can provide a good, comprehensive answer to my

questions. From Suan in the Public Security Service, 12 February 1987.

Answer- 1. Our party and government have always paid close attention to

taking good care of the cadres and government employees in order to upgrade

their knowledge and abilities, and it has also given attention to their living

situation. For example, they are provided with housing, construction stores

that supply them with the items they need, financial benefits with regard to

labor and sick policy (when a person is sick he does not have to pay for

treatment), and much more that could not have been provided by the capitalist

regime. I have mentioned this with some modesty, because over the past 11

vears there has been no need to describe the excellence of the way the party

and the government have taken care of the standard of living of cadres and

government employees. The comparison is like that between father and son.

However, it is unfortunate that some sons have refused to listen to their

parents, and have finally lost their true path.

[3 Mar 87 pp 2, 4]

[Excerpt] Regarding the policy on cadres, there are many aspects which I have

already discussed. For example, aged and infirmed cadres can retire and

receive a pension. Young and middle-aged cadres, etc., are reasonably provided

31
for according to the situation. (Please review regulations issued by the

Council of Ministers, 57/LPDR of 31 September 1986, 56/LPDR on the labor issue,

and several regulations concerning your organization).

Our party and government consider it important to train cadres of the new

generation. The party regulation states that "there must be a plan and a

special method of training cadres who will bear responsibility. Every

individual in every work section and every mass organization must regularly

prepare one or two people to replace themselves and must be resolute in

improving their weaknesses so they will be able to shoulder more serious duties

when necessary. In training cadres, we must pay attention to both their

qualifications and their ability so these will be in agreement with the

political duty in the new phase. We must train the cadres in the knowledge

they need, such as that concerning labor and social management, science and

technology, and technical and working techniques.

In carefully training and improving the ranks of existing cadres and cadres of

the new generation for different levels, we must pay special attention to the

cadres at the grassroots and district levels. Along with educating and

training them in school, we must be quick to organize and expand the concept of

working and learning at the same time. However, this must be in line with the

work situation of the cadres and with each work section in each locality; the

learning content must be suited to the actual situation, and the cadres must

learn what is needed. (Excerpted from a Fourth Party Congress plenum document,

published in ALOUN MAI, pages 136-137)

2. "Work according to labor and use according to material. Those who work a

lot consume a lot, and those who work little consume little." Now, in the

period of socialist construction, this saying is true everywhere, based on the

true concept that we are all in the same social class and are only different in

terms of work. For example, others may work more than we do or have more

serious work than we do, so of course, they receive higher wages than we do.

The salary ranks are not as you mentioned. Whatever the rank of a person, he

receives the salary for that rank. However, the funds to support labor have

been analyzed; for example, depending on whether the work is heavy or light the

pay may be two or four times more for night work. Those whose work is risky or

who deal with poison chemicals will receive more support funds than those who

do ordinary work.

9884/12379

CSO: 4206/97

32
LAOS

COLUMN ON PROBLEMS WITH CADRE INADEQUACIES, SUGGESTED CHANGES

Vientiane VIENTIANE MAI in Lao 19, 20, 21 Feb 87

["Conversation with Readers' Friends" column: "What Are the Features of a Good

Cadre?"]

[19 Feb.87 p 2]

[Excerpts] Question: 1. Over the past 11 years, the process of selecting and

assigning cadres for work has been carried out many times, as appropriate.

However, some undesirable types of cadres remain. These people are unambitious

with a narrow ideology. In their work they look only for the benefits, and

they are resentful and vindictive when they are criticized by their friends.

Some of these people are of high rank. Instead of using their rank in

appropriate ways, they abuse their power by threatening those in lower ranks,

etc. What can we do about this problem? What can be done to make these people

change? Will they cause harm to the whole if they do not improve? Please

explain this. From Veunsai, 13 January 1987.

[20 Feb 87 p 2]

Answer: In the section "Increasing the Leadership Role of the Party",

paragraph 2 on the work of cadres and encouraging leadership role models for

party members, the plenum of the Fourth Party Congress of the LPDR states:

"Along with the expansion of the revolution, cadres and party members have

also grown in many respects and represent a great treasure, because cadres are

the decisive factor in the success of the revolution. However, along with this

growth, limitations and shortcomings are still to be found in the ranks of our

cadres and party members. Among these are that their consciousness regarding

the social system and socialism is still low, their confidence in the social

system is still weak, and their knowledge of culture, science and technology,

knowing the level of the economy, and the results of socioeconomic management

in general remain low and continue to be influenced by the concept of private

and scattered work.

If we do not improve in a timely manner, we will not be able to meet the great

needs of the revolution. If we want to improve the social management and

economic management, we must have a fundamental improvement in the work of

cadres, from their attitudes to the machinery for selecting, training and

assigning cadres. First of all, we must change the attitude of those who

organize cadres. In improving cadres, the important thing is to modify the

attitude for selecting, assessing and assigning cadres so as to reassess cadres

systematically, selecting them justly and unselfishly, and allocating them

correctly and reasonably.

33
We have had weaknesses and shortcomings in cadre work such as superficially

assessing, selecting and allocating only those to whom one is close and only

those in the same locality and the same ethnic group. We have attached

importance only to their birthplace, habits and educational level, allocating

them in a closed manner in each ethnic group and each locality. We did not

want to accept cadres from other places or other ethnic groups, etc. This

practice has led to harmful effects, which have resulted in delays in

implementing the party's directives and to the loss of solidarity within the

party and among the people. To improve cadre work, one must be resolutely

against feudalism, privatism, a narrow ethnic ideology, regional and local

ideology, etc.

[21 Feb 87 pp 2, 4]

[Excerpt] We must select and allocate cadres correctly, putting old and new

cadres together in order to fulfill our immediate duty and to assure that the

work of building the ranks of cadres is carried out in order to meet the longterm need.

We must improve and upgrade the knowledge and level of awareness of the older

cadres vis-a-vis the newer ones; they must have a good imagination and new work

techniques. One thing that we must help them to do is to continue training

themselves and to maintain their revolutionary character so they can shoulder

their duty, assume a stronger role, and strive against boasting about and

comparing their achievements and demanding payment in return. Those comrades

who can no longer shoulder their present duty should be recognized and they

should voluntarily take up some other kind of work for which they are better

suited. Those who are at the age of retirement or who are in bad health should

retire and receive a pension.

The procedure for improving the work of cadres also includes keeping most of

the young cadres on in order to guarantee the continuation of the work and

increased diligence in carrying it out, so that we can guarantee the

maintenance of established standards. We must also change the concept of

status based on feudalism and backwardness, as well as narrow, outdated

concepts that are used incorrectly to assess the progress of young cadres.

Generally speaking, new and old cadres have knowledge and are diligent and

creative; they are bold in their thinking and their work. Many of them have

been trained systematically. However, they have not yet had much experience in

mass mobilization, nor have they been trained in action. We must therefore

provide an opportunity for them to be trained in the actual work at the

grassroots level in order to get them involved with the masses so they can grow

in their work. In particular, those outstanding cadres that have been trained

and tested and that have adequate qualifications and abilities must be selected

for guidance and management posts so as to gradually replace aged comrades.

I have excerpted the above from the Fourth Party Congress plenum reported in a

special issue of ALOUN MAI, pp 131-134. For more details you can reread it and

study it on your own. Thank you.

9884/12379

CSO: 4206/96

34
LAOS

RECONSTITUTED COOPERATIVE PROFITS, REFORMS' IMPACT SEEN

Vientiane VIENTIANE MAI in Lao 27 Feb 87 p 2

["Our Capital" column by Thanongsak Vongsakda: "Progress with Calculation"]

[Excerpt] As 1987 begins, the Ban Xiengda Co-op in Na Khwai Canton, Saisettha

District, Vientiane Capital, is not only doing well in its business, but has

also resolutely joined the market in its district area. It has also admxrably

expanded its distribution branch in the canton area to Ban Khoumhm.

Learning from the experience of why this co-op had been suspended in 1982-83,

Ban Xiengda was reorganized in 1986 using the new business management mechanism

with a system for calculating wages and disbursing profits. For example,

60 percent of the earnings is given to share members, 20 percent is put into a

collection fund, 12 percent goes toward social welfare costs, and

8 percent goes to the board of directors. There are only 10 persons who

perform specialized tasks; each strives to improve his working technique so

that it will fit his specialized task.

Comrade Khampha Silamat, the co-op leader, said, "In the beginning we borrowed

250,000 kip from the bank. There were 155 shares worth 200 kip each. By

working with determination, in 1986 we achieved a profit of over 80,000 kip and

were able to meet our expected obligation to the government, although we had

little capital and meager results. We also inspired in share members

enthusiasm and confidence in the success of the business in accordance with the

guidance of the party and the government."

At the morning market in Na Khwai Canton, the Ban Xiengda Co-op had

approximately 38 items of goods for distribution and exchange with the people,

including bicycles, blankets, mosquito nets, children's sweaters, etc., which

they were able to exchange with the people there for many tons of rice.

9884/12379

CS0: 4206/97

35
LAOS

BRIEFS

CPV GREETINGS—On behalf of the LPRP Central Committee, party members, working

people, and all Lao people, we would like to express deep thanks to the CPV

Central Committee for extending best wishes to us on the occasion of the 32nd

anniversary of the LPRP. We wish the fraternal Vietnamese people under the

leadership of the CPV, new, greater successes in implementing the Sixth CPV

Congress resolutions. May the militant solidarity, special friendship, and

all-round cooperation between the two parties and peoples of Laos and Vietnam

last forever and develop continuously. ["Recent" message of thanks from

Kaysone Phomvihan, general secretary of the LPRP Central Committee, to CPV

Central Committee] [Text] [Vientiane Domestic Service in Lao 0000 GMT 24

Apr 87 BK] /9738

KPRP GREETINGS—On behalf of the LPRP Central Committee, party members, working

class, and all people of Laos, we. would like to express deep thanks to the KPRP

Central Committee for extending best wishes to us on the occasion of the 32nd

anniversary of the LPRP. We wish the fraternal Cambodian people under the

leadership of the KPRP, new, greater success in implementing the Fifth KPRP

Congress resolutions. May the militant solidarity and special friendship

between the two parties and peoples of Laos and Cambodia last forever and

develop continuously. [Message of thanks from Kaysone Phomvihan, general

secretary of LPRP Central Committee, to KPRP Central Committee, date not

given] [Text] [Vientiane Domestic Service in Lao 0000 GMT 24 Apr 87 BK]

/9738

GDR GIFTS FOR CHILDREN—Vientiane, 22 Apr (KPL)—The GDR Solidarity Committee

has sent a consignment of gifts to Lao children in anticipation of the

celebration of the coming International Children's Day (1 June). The 20-ton

consignment was made up of children's clothes, shoes, books, pencils, rulers,

and toys. It was handed over here yesterday to Phoumi Vongvichit, Politburo

member of the LPRP CC, vice chairman of the Council of Ministers, chairman of

the Committee for the International Year of the Child, by GDR Ambassador to

the Lao PDR Dietrich Jarck. [Text] [Vientiane KPL in English 0856 GMT 22

Apr 87 BK] /9738

BURMESE ENVOY RECEIVED—Vientiane, 23 Apr (KPL)—Phoun Sipaseut, vice chairman

of the Council of Ministers, minister for foreign affairs of the Lap PDR,

received here yesterday P. Kyaw Han, new ambassador of the Socialist Republic

of the Union of Burma to the Lao PDR, after his presentation of credentials

to the Lao acting president Phoumi Vongvichit. The two sides discussed issues

concerning the promotion of the relations of neighborliness and cooperation

between the two countries, so as to contribute to the defense of peace and

security in this region in the world as a whole. Phoun Sipaseut wished the

ambassador success in his mission here. The talk took place in a warm and

cordial atmosphere. [Text] [Vientiane KPL in English 0900 GMT 23 Apr 87 BKl

/9738

36
MUSICAL BAND ENDS VISIT—Vientiane, 13 May(KPL)—A music band of Ho Chi Minh

City (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) left here Monday after an 18-day tour of

Laos. While here, the band gave 17 performances to tens of thousands of

spectators. At the first performance, the band was honored with the presence

of Kaysone Phomvihan, general secretary of the LPRP CC and chairman of the

Council of Ministers. The Lao leader presented bouquets of flowers to the

Vietnamese artists and shook hands with them. The band's tour was warmly

welcomed by the Vientiane people. "It was yet another gesture of artists'

contribution to the special militant solidarity, great friendship and all-round

cooperation between the two countries," said a spectator. The band also paid

a courtesy visit to Sisavat Keobounphan, Politburo member and secretary of

the LPRP CC, and secretary of the Vientiane party committee, and toured

historical sites in the capital city. [Text] [Vientiane KPL in English 0927

GMT 13 May 87 BK] /9738

HUNGARIAN PHOTO EXHIBITION—Vientiane, 4 Apr (KPL)—The Ministry of Culture,

together with the Hungarian Embassy, has opened here a photo exhibition to mark

the 42nd National Day of Hungary (4 April). In their opening speech yesterday,

Somsi Desakhamphou, deputy minister of culture, and Hungarian Ambassador

Laszlo Rosta recapitulated the historical event of 4 April, 1945. Somsi

Desakhamphou praised the achievements of the Hungarian people, in their

national socialist building. On behalf of the Lao party, government and people

of Hungary for their constant support to the Lao revolution. [sentence as

received] For his part, the Hungarian ambassador said that Hungary would do its

best, together with the Soviet Union and other socialist countries, to

strengthen the socialist system, and struggle against nuclear arms, for world

peace. [Text] [Vientiane KPL in English 0915 GMT 4 Apr 87 BK] /9738

VETERINARY AID FROM AUSTRALIA—Vientiane, 30 Apr (KPL)—The Lao-Australian

livestock-breeding project handed over on Monday a number of milch-cons and

veterinary equipment and medicines as aid to the livestock and veterinary

service of the southern Champassak Province. The aid, which also included

electric generators and bicycles, was presented to the Lao side by Sandy Cross,

second secretary to the Australian embassy here. [Text] [Vientiane KPL in

English 0920 GMT 30 Apr 87 BK] /9738

CHILDREN'S DAY INSTRUCTION—Vientiane, 12 May (KPL)—An instruction on the

celebration of the International Children's Day (1 June) has been circulated.

The instruction, signed on 6 May by President of the National Committee for

the International Year of the Child Phoumi Vongvichit, is reserved for all

state and public institutions throughout the country concerned with the caring

of children. Besides assessing good progress in upgrading the welfare of

children in the country in the past one year, it also specifies how the

occasion ought to be marked. On June [1], it says, rallies are to be held

during which the authorities concerned will speak of achievements scored and

how schools, administrative bodies and public organizations should coordinate

their activities in childcare. Exemplary personnel attached to kindergartens,

creches, and primary schools are to be awarded. The day will be celebrated

with sports and artistic performances. [Text] [Vientiane KPL in English

0911 GMT 12 May 87 BK] /9738

VIENTIANE DISTRICT MASS ORGANIZATION GROWTH—There are now 2,352 members of the

Lao women's association throughout Sisattanak District. This amounts to 46

percent of all the women in the district. [Excerpt] [Vientiane VIENTIANE MAI

in Lao 21 Feb 87 p 1] 9884/12379

37
VIENTIANE CAPITAL ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE—The first year of the government's

second 5-year plan has passed. The administrative committee of Vientiane

Capital has steadily scored achievements in all aspects. In 1986, agriculture,

irrigation and agricultural co-ops were expanded in both quality and quantity.

The average wet rice, dry season rice and highland cultivation rice throughout

Vientiane Capital was 284 kg per capita. The total number of agricultural

units was 194, an increase of 7 units over that of 1985. In terms of industry,

handicrafts and forestry, there was a total of 38 factories and 13 sawmills,

and they earned over 666 million kip, exceeding the figure for 1985 by 160

percent. Tree-cutting and lumber production amounted to 23,450 cubic meters,

or 140 percent over the figure for 1985. In trade work, the government trade

network was established down to the rural areas. The people's trade co-op was

established. There was a total of 235 trade co-ops and state stores which

effectively supplied all kinds of goods needed by the people. The total

earnings was over 5,000 million kip, an increase of 1.54. [Excerpts]

[Vientiane VIENTIANE MAI in Lao 7 Mar 87 p 2] 9884/12379

SRV-AIDED GLASS FACTORY—Southin Phangnoulat, chief of the board of directors

of the Vientiane Glass (Plastic) Factory, representing the Lao side, and Nguyen

Hong Chao, representing the technical team from the Hanoi Capital Glass

Factory, signed a memorandum at an official ceremony held concerning aid in

the second phase of construction of the Vientiane-Hanoi Glass Factory. The

ceremony was held at the Dao Vieng restaurant on the evening of

16 February 1987 before Mr Bounsai, chief of the Vientiane Capital Party

Committee, and a number of cadres concerned. Hoang Van Kem, member of the

Hanoi Capital Committee for Cooperation with Vientiane Capital, was also an

honored guest. The memorandum states that both sides are in agreement on the

economic and technical base for construction of the glass factory project, with

a capacity of 150 tons per year. Hanoi Capital will provide aid in the form of

equipment and various items of machinery in order to raise the standard

capacity of the Vientiane Glass Factory. [Text] [Vientiane VIENTIANE MAI in

Lao 19 Feb 87 pp 1, 4] 9884/12379

ILLEGAL VEHICLES BACK TO THAILAND—A ceremony was held on the afternoon of

25 February in Tha Deua, Hatsaifong District, Vientiane Capital, to officially

hand over illegal vehicles that had been smuggled into the LPDR for return to

Nongkhai Province in Thailand. Khamphon Pathommavong, representing Vientiane

Capital made the handover speech and Lt Khanong Sisonmen, assistant chief

inspector at the Nongkhai Province police station, made the acceptance speech

before a number of officials and cadres concerned from both sides. The

vehicles were two Honda motorcycles, a C900 and a C700. [Text] [Vientiane

VIENTIANE MAI in Lao 26 Feb 87 pp 1, 4] 9884/12379

CSO: 4206/97

38
MALAYSIA

PBDS SUCCESS IN SARAWAK ELECTION ANALYZED

Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 18 Apr 87 p 8

[Article by Zainon Ahmad]

[Text]

THE Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (PBDS) took a calculated

risk when it defied the Barisan

Nasional supreme council and

contested the fifth State elections under its own banner.

It had evidently gauged

rightly the mood of the community, or at least certain sections of it. The Dayak-based

party has emerged as the single largest group by winning

15 of the 21 seats it contested.

While it was only a junior

partner in the State Barisan

Nasional Government with

only eight representatives in

the 48-seat State Assembly before it was dissolved on March

12, its voice can no longer be

ignored — whether it is in the

Government or outside as an

opposition party.

Permas, its partner in the

Maju group led by former

Yang di-Pertua Negeri Tun

Abdul Rahman Yakub, managedtmly fiveaeats. Tun Rahman, making a bid for a political comeback, lost in Matu

Daro.

Though PBDS and Permas

failed to deny victory to the

parties contesting the elections under the Barisan Nasional banner, they denied

them a two-thirds majority.

The once dominant Parti Pesaka Bumlputra Bersatu

(PBB) won 14 seats, Sarawak

United People's Party (SUPP)

maintained its stength of 11

seats while the Sarawak National Party (SNAP) had its

strength further reduced to

three.

The PBB contested in 23 constituencies, SUPP 14 and

SNAP 11. While SUPP remained unchallenged in the

Chinese constituencies, PBB

suffered some severe setbacks

in the Malay/Melanau and

Dayak areas.

Dayak support

Of the 14 who were returned

under the PBB ticket, only four

were Dayaks. The rest were

Malay/Melanaus where the

challengers were mostly from

Permas.

Only two PBB Dayaks — Deputy Chief Minister Datuk

Alfred Jabu (Layar) and Frederick Bayoi Manggie (Tarat)

— won in their contest withthe

PBDS. And Datuk Jabu was

the only one to win in an overwhelmingly Dsyiflf coirstttUfo Tarat, the PBB candidate

was evidently suPP0*

1

**^ Malay/Melanau and Chinese

who together form about 42 per

cent of the voters.

In Belaga, where 94 per cent

of the voters were Dayaks,

PBB's Nyipa Bate won against

a Permas candidate, vau s

Datuk Celestine .Ujang also

wonina contest witha Permas

candidate.

39
SNAP, once a dominant party and had led the State Government, won only Tasik Biru,

Ldngga and Ldmbang but even

thenonly narrowly. Its only satisfaction was in Ldngga where

it was able to unseat PBDS deputy president Datuk Daniel

Tajem.

For SNAP it must be some

satisfaction to see the man

who had led the breakaway

group from the party to form

the PBDS unseated.

It is evident that there was

an exodus of Dayak support

from the PBB, SUPP and

SNAP to the PBDS.

That aside, what now? Will

Chief Minister Datuk Patinggi

.Abdul Taib Mahmud be contented to lead a Government

which has no absolute control

of the State Assembly? I

Uncertainty

Will attempts be made to get

some to cross over from either

the PBDS or Permaa? He

needs only four more Assemblymen to be in control of the

Assembly.

Will PBDS now be expelled

from the Barisan Nasional for

fielding candidates against

£hose contesting under the coalition colours, the number of

«eats it won notwithstanding?

The PBDS is unlikely to "return to the fold" for as long as

Datuk Taib is Chief Minister.

"Anybody else but Datuk

Taib," is what party president

Datuk Leo Moggie said on the

«ve of polling.

"We will not be part of a

Taib-led Government."

But then in politics nothing

is permanent.

For Datuk Taib, who bore

the brunt of the attacks from

Permas and PBDS leader«

during the campaign, that Tun

Rahman failed to gain a seat

does not make him less of a

threat to him.

- With the Maju group controlling 20 of the seats in Ihe

Assembly anything can happen. After all Tun Rahman has

already saidthat he would continue to challenge Datuk Taib

even if he lost in the elections.

Thus even though the outcome of the elections is already known, uncertainty still

prevails.

The only party which seems

to have gained from the elec-

• tions is the PBDS. It was dissatisfied with its junior role in

the Government and had campaigned on the platform of

"more say for the Dayaks."

It now has the support of the

community and, evidently,

only the community.

The party contested only in

Dayak majority areas and won

only in areas where Dayaks '

constitute more than 68 per

cent of the voters.

The only exceptionbeing Du- -

dong. Despite Dayaks constituting about 81 per -cent of the

voters, its candidate there lost.

Twelve of the 15 incumbents

who stood in Tebakang, Engkilili, Batang Ai, Krian, Pakan,

Meluan, Machan, Ngemah, Baleh, Tätau, Marudi and Telang

Usang retained their seats.

A major casualty was in

Lingga where Datuk Tajem

lost. The former Deputy Chief

Minister lost to SNAP'S Donald

Lawan whose majority was

only 59.

The other two incumbent!

who lost are former SUPP

member Hollis Tini in Sri

Aman and his former party

colleague Wilfred Kiroh in Dudong.

Among the incumbents who

won are four former SNAP

members — Michael Ben (Tebakang), Geman Itam (Meluan), Datuk Edward Jeli

(Marudi) and Datuk Balan

Seling (Telang Usan).

By joining PBDS they form

part of the second exodus of

loansfrom SNAP. The first occurred in 1983 when the

breakaway group founded the

Dayak party.

The PBDS, however, won

three new seats.

It wrested Katibas from

PBB incumbent Amrose Blikau who was Assistant Resource Planning Minister. It

also denied the PBB Pelagus,

The seat was held by Nueng

Kudi who crossed to the PBDS

but allowed his son Philimqn.

to contest the seat on his behalf. The PBB had fielded,

former Senator Kenneth Kan-,

yan to prevent the PBDS capturing the seat. '

;

PBDS also stopped SUPP

capturing Bengoh which in

1983 was won by then indepen-'

dent Wilfred Nissom.

Had it contested under the

Barisan Nasional banner, as itwas supposed to do, it would'

only have been given seven'

constituencies to stand in. '

It would not have been able'

to contest, for, example, in Ba-,

tang Ai where Mikai anak.

Mandau emerged victorious.;

Mikai had captured the seat

from the Sarawak National

Party, SNAP, in a by-election

last year when he stood as an

independent.

Simple majority :

However, as far as the party <

is concerned it is still in the

Barisan Nasional. And in its

letter informing Barisan Na-'

sional leader Prime Minister

Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad of the party's decision to

contest under its ownbanner, it

said it was still in the coalition

at Federal as well as State level. '."

The letter said the party had

to contest using its own symbol

as it was against Datuk Taib.

To contest under the Barisan,

Nasional banner would be to

accept Datuk Taib's election;

manifesto. * Will it now resign itself if

the fate of being an opposition;

party? If it does, it is likely, to-,

gether with its partner in the;

Maju group, to play a significant role inthe State Assembly

where the Government has

only a simple majority.

While the predominantlyIban PBDS may attribute its,

gain to a "Dayak resurgence"

inthe State, it managedto capture only two of the four Bi->

dayuh-majority seats. TebaJ

kang was retained by SNAP

rebel Michael Ben while Ben-|

goh was won by.newcomer,

Sora anak Rusah..

Even former Bidayuh Cultural Association leader

Wilfred Nissom failed to capture Tasik Biru. Before joining

the PBDS, he had pooh-poohed

Dayakism, saying that the Bidayuh are notlikely to team up

with the Ibamj.

40
He said only last month that

"the Bidayuhs and Ibans are

traditional enemies and some

of us still recall stories of how

they attacked our villages and

carried away our heads."

In Lundu, it failed to rally

the Bidayuh to support Permas candidate Datuk MO"

named Haji Noor Tahir. In-1

cumbent Ramsay Noel Jitam

from SUPP won by a majority

of 1,329 votes. The Dayaks

form about 45 per cent (Bidayuh 35.08 per cent and Iban,

16.11 per cent) of the voters.

Minority groups

The PBDS also failed to get

the complete support ofthe Kelabits, Kayans, Kenyah and

Muruts for Permas to win Belaga. The minority Dayak

groups account for about 90

per cent of the voters In Belaga.

The only other constituency

where the minority groups

form about 90 per cent of the

voters is Telang Usan. The

seat was retained by new

PBDS member Datuk Balan, a

former secretary-general of

SNAP.

The loss suffered by Datuk

Tajem was a real blow.to the

PBDS. He was a major champion of the "cause".

It was he who, at the party

general assembly in February,

had called on the Dayaks to be

"generals rather than mere

corporals." This wasthetheme

of his campaign.

The party also failed to

wrest two Iban majority constituencies — Sri Aman and

Dudong from SUPP. Hollis

Tihi lost Sri Aman by 816 votes

while Wilfred Kiroh lost Dudong by 311 votes.

Its only Chinese candidate

won in the predominantly

Dayak constituency of Bngkilili and it was able to rally support for Permas's candidate in

Igan. Both are incumbents.

While Sim Choo Nam, whose

legitimacy in the party was because he was.adopted by a

Dayak family and goes under

the name of Panak, won by a

large majority, David Tiong

managed toretain hisseat by a

slender majority of 23.

But whatever the decision by

Datuk Taib and the Barisan

Nasional supreme council, itis

clear that the alignment of the

parties in Sarawak will never

be the same again.

/9317

CSO: 4200/560

41
THAILAND

PREM URGED TO RESIGN TO SOLVE IMAGE PROBLEM

BK080847 Bangkok SIAM RAT in Thai 7 May 87 p 8

[Editorial: "The Decline in Government's Popularity"]

[Text] The steady decline in the government's image is evident. A proof of

this is in the government's own admission as it has arranged talkative technocrats to appear on television to try to deceive viewers in an effort to improve

the government's image.

The government has only itself to blame for the current decline in its

popularity. It has administered the country haphazardly against the wishes

of the people and in a slow, clumsy, and erroneous manner. It paid no attention to whether its actions were good or bad.

We feel that the measures to which the government has resorted to solve the

problem have not been correct, because as long as people whose duties are not

related are used, the problem will remain unsolved.

We have information that one measure to solve the government's image problem

is the reshuffling of the cabinet because it is felt that people have lost

confidence in some cabinet ministers and removing them would improve the

government's image to a certain extent. But we feel that this is not possible

because people have not just lost confidence in some ministers but the entire

cabinet, and there are reasons to show that in fact they have lost confidence

in Prime Minister General Prem Tinsulanon as well. Therefore, Gen Prem's image

must be corrected, not those of other cabinet ministers.

Because some people have insisted that Gen Prem is still popular with the

people, in general, and that the popularity of some ministers is the problem,

we want to suggest that Gen Prem resign. His resigning will solve the image

problem in two ways: first, if he is still popular he will receive support

for another return as prime minister, and secondly, he will have the

opportunity to form a new cabinet when he returns.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563

42
THAILAND

FIRST QUARTER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, TRADE IMPROVED

BK080115 Bangkok THE NATION In English 8 May 87 p 19

[Text] Agricultural production and trading improved overall in the first

quarter of this year compared with the same period last year, according to the

Thai Farmers Bank.

The bank noted an increase in prices for rice, natural rubber and cassava

which had previously been in a slump. But miaze, tobacco, soybean, mung and

black matpe beans and coffee suffered continuing low or lower prices.

But the bank said agricultural exports were 7 percent higher in value than

in the previous first quarter, lifted by exports of tapioca (up 19.4 percent

to 5,626 million baht), rubber (up 15.2 percent to 4,300 million baht), frozen

shrimp and prawns (up 21 percent to 1,152 million baht), and frozen chicken

(up 69.5 percent to 956 million baht).

Rice exports fell in value by 10.3 percent to 5,270 million baht, and the

value of maize exports was more than halved to 1,258 million baht.

But for the whole year the bank predicts an improvement in the export value

of rice of 3.3 percent to 20,000 million baht despite a predicted slight fall

of 0.5 percent in the volume to 4.3 million tons.

That volume prediction from the Commerce Ministry is generally regarded as

optimistic because it would require severe depletions of stocks from their

normal levels. Thailand's exportable rice surplus is predicted at about 3.7

to 318 million baht this year.

By the end of the year, the bank also predicts that maize exports will recover

to 3 million tons, up 9.1 percent over 1986, earning 6,900 million baht, up

6.2 percent. Tapioca exports are predicted to reach 6.20 million tons—

implying exports of almost a million tons to non-quota, non-EEC markets—up

12.7 percent over last year, earning 17,000 million baht, up 6.3 percent.

Strong growth is also predicted for frozen seafood and chicken black matpe

beans although exports of tobacco and particularly mung beans are likely to

slump in value.

43
"Even though the exchange rate factor is favorable to some export recovery,"

the Thai Farmers Bank's report says, "the situation facing Thailand's trade in

agricultural produce is still affected by trade policies of other countries,

particularly the U.S. Farm Act."

Production and trading of livestock is described as good although broiler and

egg-laying chickens face problems. The report says these problems are not

serious and can be dealt with. Prospects are brightening for beef and dairy

cattle farming, the report says, because of increasing demand.

"The clearest improvement is in pig farming, because small and large farms

have managed to get together to keep production expansion under control.

This has eliminated price problems and in fact increased price stability,

creating confidence for investors in pig farming," the report says.

"In addition, there has been support from the government by the relaxation of

conditions that obstruct the construction of private abattoirs. This,

together with tax reductions has assisted the development of production and

exporting so that they can expand in line with the brighter prospects."

The situation for fishing is described as good even though there are problems

with fishing in other countries' waters. The total catch has increased, the

bank's report says causing prices to fall slightly compared with the first

quarter of last year.

Forestry and the timber industry suffered a slowing down, the bank says, despite

the increasing demand for timber induced by the recovery of the construction

industry.

The bank says the government has been slow to respond to agricultural problems

which remain even though the no-r-confidence debate in parliament failed to get

off the ground. Among the problems discussed in the report are prices of rice

and other crops, the arguments about the import of palm oil and soybean meal,

fishing and the conservation of forests.

The bank credits the government with contributing to the increase in rice

prices through the paddy mortgaging scheme of the Bank for Agriculture and

agricultural cooperatives and intervention purchases from exporters by the

Commerce Ministry. It also welcomes the ban on exports of female parent stock

of giant tiger prawns.

But it says the government is insufficiently effective in dealing with illegal

logging.

In general, the bank says, the government's slowness in responding to problems

is because of inadequate data or monitoring of the situation. New committees

have to be set up to study the situation and often the divergent opinions and

bureaucratic conflicts emerge, the bank says. The controversy over palm oil

is cited as an example.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563

44
THAILAND

FISHERIES SECTOR PRODUCTION VIEWED

BK080127 Bangkok THE NATION in English 8 May 87 p 18

[Article by the Research Office, Bangkok Bank, Ltd—all tons metric]

[Text] Fishery Products

Thailand's fisheries can be regarded as highly developed. Annual fresh water

and marine landings now amount to between 1.8 and 2.2 million tons, which is

Southeast Asia's highest. The volume of the catch moreover tanks Thailand as

one of the world's top fishing nations. This country's fishing fleets are

efficient and are capable of roaming far and wide. It is now commonplace for

Thai fishing vessels to fish in international waters, with some of them

traveling as far as Australia and the Middle East. Fish and crustaceans that

are caught are not only served on local tables but are also shipped abroad in

frozen or canned form. Overseas sales of Thai fishery products have grown

by leaps and bounds in the past decade. In the 1977-1981 period they averaged

6,530 million baht annually, doubling to 14,360 million baht annually during

1982-1985. In 1986 they were worth roughty 26,800 million baht. Overseas

markets have meanwhile been increasingly diversified, the principal ones now

being the U.S., Japan, the EEC, Hong Kong, and Singapore.

Fishery products shipped abroad range from frozen and salted items to those

canned or put in non-airtight containers and fishmeal. Of these, canned

seafood and frozen seafood have performed exceptionally well and possess the

brightese prospects. These two items together make up almost 80 percent of

the total value of fishery product exports.

Canned Seafood

The seafood canning industry is highly export-oriented, with between 80 and

90 percent of its output earmarked for overseas markets. This industry has

developed rapidly during the past half decade. As a consequence of improved

quality, price competitiveness and successful marketing efforts, Thailand has

been able to increase its overseas outlets to more than 60 countries throughout

the world, and canned seafood has been a veritable star performer on the export

front, with its value soaring more than twenty-sevenfold from roughly 400

million baht in 1977 to 10,830 million baht in 1986.

45
Production

Seafood canneries have been steadily developed and modernized while new technologies have been brought in to enhance plant efficiency. Total production

capacity has been expanded to over 200,000 tons per annum. As noted

earlier the vast bulk of production is exported, thanks to firm overseas

demand which has been fueled by the quality of the products and their relatively

low prices. Canned seafood includes fish, shrimp, crabmeat, squid and clam.

Topping the list is canned tuna, which alone accounts for 60-65 percent of

the total value of canned seafood exports.

Catches

[metric] tons

Freshwater Marine Total

1978 141,496 1,957,785 2,099,281

1979 133,176 1,813,158 1,946,334

1980 144,995 1,647,953 1,792,948

1981 164,581 1,824,444 1,989,025

1982 133,562 1,986,571 2,120,133

1983 155,447 2,099,986 2,255,433

1984 161,819 1,973,019 2,134,838

1985 167,453 2,057.751 2,225,204

Source: Department of Fisheries

Trade

Since 1977 Thai canned seafood exports increased from 415 million baht to

3,186 million baht in 1982 and 7,347 million baht in 1985 or an average annual

growth of 45 percent. In 1986 they were worth 10,930 million [baht], an increase over prior year of 48.8 percent. The reason for this growth is the

fact that Thailand has attained quality standards accepted worldwide, while

production costs have remained relatively low. In the case of tuna, Thailand

has gained a 50 percent share in the U.S. market, the world's largest. We

are also the chief exporters of the product to West Germany and the UK. Thai

seafood exports were particularly bright last year as her largest competitors,

the Philippines and Japan experienced production problems. The Philippines

lacked supplies of raw materials while Japan's currency rose so high as to

render her product uncompetitive. Furthermore the nuclear disaster at

Chernobyl persuaded European consumers to seek marine products from far

afield.

The huge demand for Thai canned seafood, in particular tuna, has led to a

scarcity of raw materials and necessitated imports from abroad: 86,140 tons

worth 2,378 million baht in 1985 and 206,459 tons worth 6,034 million baht in

1986, increases of 139.7 and 153.7 percent respectively. Major sources of raw

materials were the U.S., Japan, the Solomon Islands, the Maldives, the

Seychelles, France, Indonesia and Singapore.

46
Markets are as follows:

Product Country

Tuna: U.S., UK, West Germany, Canada, Netherlands, Malaysia

Sardines: U.S., Dominican Republic, Australia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia,

Singapore

Squid: Greece, Spain, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, U.S.

Clams: U.S., Canada, Malaysia, Japan, Italy, West Germany, Spain

Crabmeat: France, U.S., UK, Malaysia, Canada, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden

Prawn: U.S., France, Canada, Malaysia, UK, Netherlands, Australia

Fisheries Exports

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

Source:. Customs Department

Future Trends

Thai canned seafood exports have very bright prospects for further growth as

demand abroad is certain to increase. Furthermore the Thai government foregoes

duty on imports of raw material caught under joint venture fisheries enterprises, while Thailand's competitors like the Philippines and Taiwan remain

unable to increase their catches. Although we may expect trade protectionist

efforts to continue, particularly in the case of imports of tuna into the U.S.,

Thailand's lobbying vigorously against it and is expanding markets in Europe

and Canada to make up for any loss in the U.S. market, However, the fact that

the U.S. abrogated its ban against the import of tuna from Mexico in August

1986 may have adverse effects on Thai exports of this product to its largest

market as Mexican production and freight costs are lower than ours. Thus a

careful watch should be kept on the situation worldwide so that the Thai

industry can maximize its advantages and prepare for adverse developments.

47

Value: Million baht

anned Frozen Others Total

415 2,069 1,144 3,628

626 2,840 1,616 5,082

1,223 4,242 1,986 7,451

1,620 3,654 2,152 7,415

2,143 4,238 2,705 9,086

3,186 5,237 2,798 11,221

3,967 5,487 3,188 12,642

5,858 5,509 3,704 15,072

7,347 6,936 4,231 18,514

0,931 10,337 5,550 26,818
Frozen Seafood

Of Thailand's annual catch of marine creature [as published], amounting to

1.8 - 2.0 million tons, 7 or 8 percent is frozen for domestic consumption and

export. Of the total frozen, about 80 percent is exported. The value of

frozen seafood exports has been increasing at a high rate, from 4,000 million

baht in 1981 to 7,000 million baht in 1985 and 10,300 million baht in 1986.

Frozen seafood exports include prawn, clams, crab, fish and squid, prawn

alone accounting for 40-50 percent of total export value, followed by squid

and various types of fish.

Frozen Prawn

Production Thailand's prawn catch is the world's third largest, following

India and China. [sentence as published] Over 90 percent of the catch comes

from the Gulf of Thailand, the Andaman Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the South

China Sea.

Trade over the last half decade, Thailand's prawn exports have averaged 21,000

tons with a value of between 2 and 3 billion baht annually. [sentence as

published] These two figures have been growing at average annual rates of

6.9 and 1.28 percent respectively. In 1986, 28,717 tons were exported at a

value of 4,391 million baht, up 19.5 and 27.7 percent over 1985. There has

been marked growth in demand in major markets, Japan, the U.S., the UK, West

Germany and Italy. Japan in particular has been importing more due to the

rising value of the yen, while world supplies have dropped due to poor catches

in other supplier nations, as India, Pakistan, Ecuador and some European

countries.

The two biggest markets, Japan and the U.S., take over 60 percent of Thailand's

total frozen prawn exports. Minor markets include Singapore, the EEC and

Hong Kong. New markets are Australia and Canada.

Future Trends

Thai frozen prawn exports have an assured future as demand in foreign markets

in on the upswing, and the growth experienced by this export item indicates

that the Thai product is well accepted for quality abroad. However, the market

is highly competitive, so it is important that Thai exporters pay great

attention to the maintenance of high quality standards.

Frozen Squid

Production Thailand is one of the world's five leading producers of squid,

which include Japan, Korea, Thailand, Poland and Spain. Most of the catch

comes from the Gulf of Thailand and adjacent areas. The catch consists of 57

percent squid, 36 percent cuttlefish and the rest octopus.

48
Trade between 30 and 40 percent of the total catch of squid is exported in

frozen form. Between 1981 and 1985 volume and value grew 4.1 and 13.5 percent

respectively. Value reached 2 billion baht in 1985 and in 1986 58,903 tons

worth 3,760 million were exported, up 27.2 and 77.3 percent respectively, due

to increased demand in major markets, namely Japan, Italy, France and West

Germany, while new markets were entered including Denmark, New Zealand,

Switzerland, Belgium and Mozambique. Rising demand together with poor catches

elsewhere resulted in much higher prices.

Most cuttlefish and octopus go to Japan and most squid goes to Europe.

Future Trends

Prospects for frozen squid exports are excellent due to growing demand and

ready acceptance of the Thai product abroad. Great care should be taken to

maintain hygienic standards in order to prevent protectionist moves in foreign

markets.

Frozen Fish

Production between 1981 and 1984 Thailand's marine fish catch (not counting

trash fish) averaged 649,000 tons annually, with an annual value of 4,780

million baht. Roughly 9.1 percent of the volume and 16.5 percent of the value

of the catch is earmarked for export.

Trade Thailand's frozen fish exports expanded from 686 million baht in 1983

to 1,017 million baht in 1984, 1,376 million baht in 1985 and 2,186 million

baht in 1986, a 58.9 percent increase over 1985 because of poor catches and

rising demand in Japan, the U.S. and Malaysia.

Future Trends

Prospects for Thailand's frozen fish exports are bright as markets abroad are

growing while catches in such countries as Japanj the U.S. and Malaysia are

foreseen to fall short of demand and Thailand's prices are competitive.

Problems and Recommendations

As has often been discussed in the media the volume of the catch in Thai

territorial waters has been on the decline due to factors such as overfishing,

destruction of marine creatures' habitat by trawling, proliferation of

trawlers—particularly small and medium-size—coupled with the fact that a

very large number of them use fine-mesh seins, and the enforcement of the

exclusive economic zone by neighboring countries, reducing the area in which

Thai fishermen may operate with impunity. In coming to grips with these

problems it is necessary that the authorities exercise Control over the number

of trawlers. They have moreover to effectively enforce the prohibition of fish

in reserved areas during the breeding season. To render the environment more

congenial to marine creatures, such programs as the building of artificial

coral reefs should be stepped up. Then the program to increase the fishing

grounds for Thailand's fleets should be given a stronger push by all public

49
and private sector agencies concerned. Thus far Thailand has chalked up some

success in this respect, but our accomplishments pale in comparison with those

of Japan and South Korea which have won joint venture fishery rights in many

areas throughout the world. Their example should be studied and should also be

an encouragement for Thailand to work harder.

Ways ought to be found to increase the efficiency of feedstock utilization so

that raw material supplies, a good deal of which have to be Imported, may be

maximized to the fullest. To bring this about it may be necessary also to

effect some changes in the production systems to increase value added of the

fishery catch, like further developing facilities to manufacture artificial

crab, shrimp, squid and scallop from low value fish.

As the popularity of shrimp—canned or frozen-—is rapidly increasing both

locally and abroad, the promotion of shrimp farming should be given high

priority. This will help supplement shrimp caught at sea, the amount of which

appears to be on the decline. Moreover, statistics are showing that shrimp

output in Taiwan, Indonesia, India and China have been on the upswing, while

the quality of their product is improving. It is consequently important that

Thailand be able to improve its shrimp production both quanity wise and quality

wise. Surveys have revealed that the area suitable for shrimp farming can be

expanded by another 140,000 rai. As the bulk of the area comprises mangrove

swamps under the jurisdiction of the Forestry Department, the government should

draw up clear-cut policy guidelines on the usage of the land there both for

acquaculture and forestry purposes. In particular, deforested mangrove areas

should be clearly demarcated and made available for shrimp farming. In that

way investors will be encouraged to go into shrimp farming and know exactly

where to set up their farms.

Meanwhile, the majority of shrimp freezing plants are set up in rural areas

where utilities, including running water, telephone and telex, and transportation facilities are inadequate. Moreover, the electricity rates charged

to freezing plants are higher than those to canneries. These are hindering

the proper development of the shrimp freezing sector (as well as freezers of

other marine products), while reducing their price competitiveness in overseas

markets. These negative factors should be promptly dealt with.

Moreover, the government should look into the possibility of reducing or even

waiving business and municipal taxes on producers of fishery products. Several

of Thailand's competitors waive these taxes on their fishery product

manufacturers, increasing the competitive edge they enjoy against their Thai

counterparts.

Aquaculture is facing the problem of insufficient breeding stock and lack of

knowledge about feed supplement, while our shrimp farming technology is not as

advanced as that in, for instance, Taiwan. This situation should be quickly

remedied.

50
To help alleviate problems caused by trade protectionism, efforts should be

increased to further diversify our export markets for fishery products, a

stronger attempt should be made to negotiate and to lobby and cooperation

further cemented among Thai producers and exporters and between these and the

government. The negotiations should be conducted not simply to lessen tariff

and non-tariff barriers but also in other matters as to get foreign markets to

accept additional fishery products like prepacked fishery items.

/9738

CSO: 4200/563

51
THAILAND

BRIEFS

DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS ESTABLISHED—Thailand yesterday established diplomatic

relations with Sao Tome & Principe, an island nation 200 km west of Central

Africa. [Excerpt] [Bangkok THE NATION in English 8 May 87 p 5 BK] /9738

TRADE WITH UK—Thai Commercial Counselor to London M.R. Kiattikhun Kiatiyakon

reported that Thailand gained a trade surplus of 984 million baht with the UK

in 1985. He said that the UK imported goods worth 7,312 million baht from

Thailand during the year while its exports to Thailand totaled 6,328 million

baht. Major goods that the UK bought from Thailand were fish, seafood,

ornaments, electrical machinery, vegetables, fruit, and leather products, while

major Thai imports from the UK included electrical appliances, organic

chemicals, machines, and soft drinks. [Summary] [Bangkok Voice of Free Asia

in Thai 1030 GMT 29 Apr 87 BK] /9738

ISLAMIC CALL SOCIETY ACTIVITIES—The first weeks of the year were highlighted

by a significant increase in the activity of our delegation in Thailand in

various fields. Talks were held at the WICS [World Islamic Call Society]

office in Bangkok with delegates from Malaysia and Singapore. These meetings

dealt with the primary issues which are of concern to Muslims, notably those

which affect financial aid which is necessary for the operation of Islamic

institutions such as the Muslim Association. The preachers praised the

WICS which has gone to considerable lengths to come to the aid of Muslims

wherever they may be. In the cultural area, the Society participated in

festivities organized on the occasion of the Prophet's birthday by holding

a competition in recitation of the Qur'an. Ten students from the WICS school

were awarded prizes for excellence. A meeting of more than 50 imams from all

regions of the country took place on the premises of the WICS delegation.

The discussions focused on the difficulties which hamper their activities,

including the scarcity of textbooks and school supplies. The activity of the

WICS in this regard has been greatly appreciated by all participants. As to^

the contributions of the WICS to the overall effort to support the preachers

activities, we are reminded that the Society has undertaken the expansion

of the Institute for Religious Sciences. [Text] [Tripoli AL-DA'WAH

AL-ISLAMIYAH in French 18 Mar 87 p 4] /8309

CSO: 4519/111

52
POLITICAL VIETNAM

HEAD OF POSTAL SERVICE PROMISES BETTER SERVICE

Officials Discuss Service

Hanoi HANOI MOI in Vietnamese 13 Mar 87 pp 1, 3

[Article "A Historic Dialogue" by Quang Hoa]

[Text] With regard to the capital's postal sector, 7 January 1987 will go

down in history, for after that date, or more accurately, after the dialogue

between Pham Van Dong, Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and the director

of the Hanoi Postal Service at the conference to recapitulate the sector s

work, which was held on that day, the Hanoi Postal Service was practically

rejeuventated.

The following is an excerpt from that dialogue:

"Now, in conclusion, I would like to ask the person in charge of the Hanoi

Postal Service, beginning this year how long will it take a letter mailed xn

Hanoi early in the morning to reach the addressee?"

"We are determined to ensure that a letter mailed in Hanoi will be delivered

as quickly as 8 hours or at most 24 hours. That is our struggle goal under

the present conditions."

"Please explain—how can you deliver a letter within 8 hours?"

"Letters deposited in a box are collected every 2 hours and taken to the main

post office. Within about 3 hours the letter is taken to the post office

nearest the addressee. Two or 3 hours later it is delivered to the

addressee."

"If that is the case, why does it take 24 hours to deliver some letters?"

"In some cases the letters are deposited at night or after hours. We do not

open the boxes until the following day and then must follow the procedure just

described in delivering the letters to the addresses."

«~Why does it sometimes take 7 days, as the head of the General Department

said?"

53
"There are some cases in which it takes 7 days, because the mail volume is too

large, we are still experiencing many difficulties with regard to our work

space, our organization of sorting is not yet rational, etc. In the past we

took letters mailed all over the city to a central sorting area, which greatly

prolonged the time. Now, in conforming with your opinion, we will sort the

mail separately."

"I am very happy for the people of Hanoi to hear you say that. But what can

you say to covince me that what you say can be relied upon?"

"We have promised that with the sense of responsibility and conscience of

people engaged in information-communications work in the capital and we would

like to guaranttee that promise. We will apply all measures under the present

conditions to improve the production line and mobilize the sense of

responsibility of cadres, workers, and civil servants in the capital's postal

sector to do a good job."

Many meetings were held between the leadership comrades of the postal sector

after that promise was made. Not only a the Hanoi post office, but also at

the Posts and Telecommunications General Department, many cadres were also

concerned and worried, and didn't know whether or not the Hanoi Postal Service

could keep its promise, or whether it would be necessary to supply it with

additional trucks and three-wheeled motorbicycles. One comrade at the Posts

and Telecommunications General Department said, "He made that promise to put

pressure on the General Department to strengthen his material-technical

bases."

In fact, the Hanoi Postal Service made that promise pressure the upper

echelon, but only to, by means of its own efforts, and its own determination,

renovate its working methods and emphasize service to the people.

One of the important measures for ensuring that letters reach the addressees

within 24 hours is to improve the processing of letters by eliminating

intermediate steps. That is a very difficult task because that method of

processing mail is used all over the country.

In the past the volume of mail was small and there was nothing complicated

about sorting mail. Now the volume of mail is large and there is a need for

increasingly rapid communications, so the slow handling of mail is

imperimissible. With that determination, the Hanoi Postal Service has found

a new technical procedure for mail delivery within the city that takes a total

of 300 minutes (6 hours).

In comparison to the old production line, the new technical procedure has five

fewer intermediate steps. It requires extremely diligent work in all phases,

especially in the final phase, delivery of mail to the addresses by the

postmen.

In addition to management measures, to facilitate the depositing of mail by

the people, the municipal postal service has placed mailboxes at 58 locations

along streets and in residential areas. In the past, the mailmen were

54
responsible for collecting letters from the mailboxes, but now the municipal

postal service has a mobile unit which collects mail from the mailboxes twice

a day. A control device is attached to the lock of each mailbox to help the

control element know precisely which boxes have been "forgotten."

By 7 March all preparations to implement the new mail delivery system were

completed. The Hanoi Postal Service launched an emulation campaign with the

goal of fulfilling the promises made to council of Ministers Chairman Pham Van

dong: the leters will reach the addresses from 8 hours at the fastest to

only 24 hours at the slowest from the time they are mailed.

Representative Opinions

Hanoi HANOI MOI in Vietnamese 23 Mar 87 p 3

[Text] The article "A Historic Dialogue," which was published in this

newspaper on 13 March 1987 (which recounted the promises of the director of

the Municipal Postal Service to Pham Van Dong, chairman of the Council of

Ministers, assuring him that letters mailed in Hanoi will be delivered to the

addresses within between 8 and 24 hours), caused the newspaper's editorial

board to receive a large number of opinions. There was some praise and

encouragement for the postal sector, but there were many more letters about

things that are wrong. The following are some representative opinions:

Nguyen Ngoc Linh (Geology General Department): "If letters are guaranteed in

such a way, it is certain that official correspondence and publications cannot

be delievered any less quickly. The postal director's promise was made on 7

January 1987, but at my office a newspaper arrives in the afternoon of the

following day. Specifically, on 13 March (Editor's Note: this letter was

written on 14 March), we received the newspapers NHAN DAN, QUAN DOI NHAN DAN,

and HANOI MOI, which included the article 'A Historic Dialogue,' an article

we were able to read elsewhere! That is the case with daily newspapers.

Weekly publications, such as THIEU NIEN, PHU NU, and VAN NGHE, are usually

received the following week."

Official corespondence sent from our office to other units in Hanoi are

usually not delivered until 5 or 6 days later.

Bui Bao Van (19 Tran Hung Dao): "I have purchased HANOI MOI many times but

never have one to read on Sunday, but must wait until Monday. During the

week the newspaper is delivered late and doesn't arive until the afternoon, on

some days not until 1500 or 1600. Some days there is no newspaper at all and

it is not delivered until several days later. Specifically, on 28 February, a

Saturday, no newspaper was delivered. On Monday, 2 March, I asked the person

who delivers newspapers about that and he brazenly replied, 'So what? Today

you have both the Saturday newspaper and the Sunday newspaper.' I could do

nothing else than say, 'You are absolutely right!'"

Mai Loan (69C Dinh Thien Hoang): "I have a subscription to HANOI MOI. From

the first of the year to 10 February 1987 I received the newspaper regularly,

but between 20 February to 7 March I received no newspapers, except on 4 and 6

March. I went to the Hoan Kiem post office to complain toMau, the team

55
leader, and Du, the person who delivers letters and newspapers on Dlnh Tien

Hoang Street, and sent a letter of complaint to the publishing office, but

that situation has not yet been resolved.

"I have learned that on Phung Hung Street the Sunday editions of the daily

newspapers are not delivered until the following day, even during times when

there are such important events as the Party Congress, National Assembly

sessions, etc. During the recent lunar Tet period no one on the street

received copies of the year-end and new year's editions of the daily

newspapers."

Tran Kinh Luan (5T-22 Hanoi): "The people living on Van Hanh alley (Ham Long

Street) would like to complain to the Municipal Postal Service that the

mailmen serving the families living in the alley still lack a sense of

responsibility!

"Specifically, a mailman will ask someone at the entrance to the alley, 'Does

Mr. A, Mrs. B, or Miss C, live in the alley?' If the person responds

affirmatively the postman immediately hands the person the letters and

requests that person to deliver the letters for him (especially in the case of

children, they are usually quite 'willing').

"Practically all of the addresses reach the addresses. But some of them are

not delivered because one person asks another to 'relay* the letters, then

that person 'forgets' because he is 'busy', then after a time the letters are

destroyed. The alley is only a few tens of meters long, but it takes a long

time for the addresses to receive the letter and sometimes they are 'lost'.

"If the mailmen would be willing to take a few more steps, go to each house,

and deliver the letters to the addresses, the people living in the alley would

be much less worried and would be very greatful, for they will not only

receive news and sentiments from their relatives but also benefit from the

strong sense of responsibility of state employees."

Nguyen Minh Tam (Khuong Thuong Subward): I am a resident of Khuong Thuong

Subward (Dong Da Ward) and am a long-term subscriber to newspapers but never

have a newspaper delivered to my house. The reason is that Khanh, a mailman

at the Dong post office, lives in the subward. Perhaps for that reason the

post office has assigned him responsibility for delivering mail in that area.

But that postman leaves the mail at his home and forces everyone to go there

to pick up their mail."

5616

CSO: 4209/410

56
POLITICAL VIETNAM

PEOPLE'S COURTS IN HANOI SPEED UP ACTIVITIES

Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 5 Mar 87 p 1

[Article: "People's Courts Raise Quality, Efficiency of Trials"]

[Text] The people's courts in Hanoi recently held a conference to review

their 1986 accomplishments and set goals and tasks for the period 1987-90.

Last year, the entire sector played an active role, coordinating closely with

other sectors in the bloc of internal affairs to speed up activities aimed at

raising the quality and efficiency of trials and at enforcing court sentences,

contributing to defeating the enemy's multiform war of sabotage; to struggling

to thwart embezzlement, theft of socialist property, speculation, smuggling,

production of counterfeit goods to disturb the marketplace, and serious

offenses against the people's lives and property; and to strengthening the

socialist legal system, political security, and social order and safety.

After studying the documents and grasping the resolution of the Sixth CPV

Congress, the people's courts earnestly reviewed their shortcomings, drew

experiences, and set goals and tasks for the period 1987-90.

The entire sector has strived to raise the quality and efficiency of criminal

and civil trials, in support of three major economic programs and the movement

to purify party ranks and the state apparatus and to fight social negativism.

All court rulings must be complied with strictly to make legal proceedings

effective and strenthen people's confidence in the tribunals. The latter have

pledged to remove promptly and resolutely negative phenomena from the

enforcement of sentences. They should evaluate magistrates and cadres in

light of their performance and should devise plans to provide basic and

advanced training and strengthen and refine the organization, making it compact,

pure, stable, and strong while building the legal system actively.

For 1987, the entire sector has pledged to try serious crimes promptly—primarily,

instances of embezzlement, theft of socialist property, corruption, oppression of

the people, speculation, smuggling, offences against the people's lives and

wealth, and acts aimed at disrupting public order—and to punish saboteurs

of national security and defense strictly.

9213/12951

CSO: 4209/381

57
POLITICAL VIETNAM

ACTIVITIES OF MUNICIPAL PEOPLE'S COUNCIL DISCUSSED

Ho Chi Mirih City SAIGON GIAI PHONG in Vietnamese 2 Apr 87 p 2

[Article by Le Chi Tiet, head of the Secretariat of the Municipal People's

Council: "Some Activities of the Municipal People's Council"]

[Text] According to Article 6 of the Law Organizing People's Council and

People's Committees, "The effectiveness of the activity of people's councils

is ensured by the effectiveness of the people's council meetings, the

effectiveness of the activities of the people's committees and the sections

of the people's council's, and the effectiveness of the activity of the

people's council activities."

That is a matter of determining the unified viewpoints and responsibility of

the elements making up the effectiveness of the people's councils at all

levels, the transformation of each activity, and the reciprocal effect and

mutual stimulation.

The actual situation last year was that in the people's council meetings at

all levels there arose the tendency to oppose the diseases of superficiality

and formalism, and they were more carefully prepared than in the past. The

meetings' agenda and their programs and contents also began to be improved.

The meetings were not held not merely to give approval, as in the past, but to

energetically debate in the delegate teams, with speeches and debates in the

assembly hall, and with inquiries and replies to the inquiries. However,

they are not uniform and universal. Especially, the inspection and supervision

of the implementation of resolutions by the executive organs, and preparations

to approve the major policies as stipulated by law, have not accomplished

much. In general, the meetings have not been able to escape from the

situation of formalism and have not attained the quality called for by the

law. Efforts must be made to overcome those problems in the coming period.

The activities of the departments of the people's councils have also begun to

take on a new coloration. At the municipal level, beginning with the concern

of the municipal people's council for perfecting the responsibility of the

departments of the people's council and create conditions for coordinating the

activities of the people's council with the staff organs of the party. Many

members of the municipal party committee and its standing committee, and the

heads of the services, departments, and sectors have operated in the name of

58
people's council delegates, which promises mosre profound changes in the

activities of the People's Council.

However, the activities of departments of people's councils at all levels are

not yet uniform, and although some departments make positive efforts, in

general the departments do much in investigating matters, investigating basic

units, and listening, but do little to contribute opinions or help resolve

problems, and have not yet done much to oversee the implementation of policies

or supervise management by local state organs, including the court at the

same echelon. Some departments have begun to invite the vice chairmen of the

people's committees to report on the situation in their spheres of

responsibility, as well as the directors of the services, sections, and

sectors, and the heads of offices at the precinct and district levels to

report to the people's council departments at the same level. That is the

beginning of a new style of work between the people's council, the organ of

authority, and the people's committee, which is the executive organ of that

organ of authority and the local organ of state administration. The

departments of the people's council, especially at the municipal level and in

some precincts and districts, have presented valuable reports at the people's

council meetings and have caused public opinion to pay more attention to the

responsibility of the people's council. But the departments of the people's

council in the villages outside the city have not been very active.

The secretariat is a department of the people's council which, like the other

departments, has the responsibility and authority to help the chairman of the

people's committee coordinate the activities of the people's council

departments and organizations which receive the public, and oversee the

disposition of the people's complaints, denunciations, and recommendations, as

well as maintaining relations with the people's council delegates.

In fact, the secretariat of the people's council has operated continuously,

from the municipal level donw to the precinct, district, subprecinct, and

village levels and in all localities and at all levels. In places where it

has carried out positive activities there has been quickly created a good

impression of people's council activities. On the other hand, in places in

which the secretariat's activities exist in form only, in which its activities

are superficial, and in which it is not active and has no permanent

representative, the activities of the people's committee departments also

"sink like a stone," as well as the people's committee itself. Therefore, we

think that in the Council of State draft of the "Operational Rules of the

People's Councils at All Levels," it is essential to give correct emphasis to

the role of the secretariat and to regard the head of the secretariat as

corresponding to a member of the standing committee of the people's council at

the same level and has having a position in the presidium during people's

council meetings to create conditions for furthering the activities of the

people's councils. The actual situation has demonstrated that that specific

policy of the Council of State is accurate.

According to law, the secretariat of the people's council has not only

obligations but also authority. It has the authority to assist the people's

committee chairman with the status of a department, a group of delegates,

which has the right to act for that person in accordance with the law. It is

59
not the case that the people's council members who are members of the

secretariat are merely cadres who assist in administrative work, as if they

were specialists directly tinder the control of the chairman, for if that is

the case they will lose their rights as delegates and weaken the nature of an

organization that has authority, a department of the people's council.

Therefore, in actuality the secretariat of the people's council at any level

must boldly fulfill that function, responsibility, and authority, positively

take the initiative in helping the chairman and, along with the chairman,

supervise and coordinate the activities of the departments (and not determine

the contents of the departments' activities), and supervise the functional

organs in resolving the people's complaints and denunciations if it is to

truly be a dynamic, key department of the people's council.

With regard to receiving the people, the secretariat is not a department that

receives guests on a social basis, but is responsible (with the assistance of

specialists) for continually and directly mobilizing the people's council

apparatus, and for representing the people's council, including itself, in

receiving the people, and along with the departments and delegates, be

concerned with both form and contents of receiving the people. Only by

positively doing so can we know how to encourage the delegates to receive the

people and carry out Article 30 of the law organizing people's councils and

people's1committees by actively assisting in thoroughly resolving the

complaints, denunciations, and recommendations, and recommendations of the

people sent to the people's council.

In our jcity, the secretariats of the people's councils at all levels have gone

to the wards, districts, subwards, and villages and are effectively assisting

the chairmen at all echelons and furthering the activities of the people's

council departments and members at all levels. Therefore, incorrect awareness

will result in restricting the positive, dynamic activities of the people's

council secretariat at all levels and go in a direction contrary to the

present trend of renovation.

A point to which we must pay more attention is the responsibility of all

people's council members to engage in activities. The activity of people's

council activities is manifested most clearly in two spheres: work assisgned

by the people's council, such as serving as chairman, serving as a people's

council member, serving as the head of a sector, basic unit, mass

organization, or locality, and working in the sphere of serving as

representatives of the people.

Most of the people's council members are positively and whole-heartedly

concerned with the missions assigned by the people's council, even though at

times they tend to emphasize their function as a state manager. Most of the

people's council members at all levels howerver, are enthusiastic and

positive.

But a matter about which people are complaining is that the members do not

remain in close contact with the people, understand the thoughts and

aspirations of the people, or do everything within their power to intervene or

recommend solutions to legitimate problems of the people. That is a

deficiency in the activities of our delegates at present. Some delegates do

60
not yet have the style of positive and bold activities, and do not yet take

the initiative in accepting responsibility as a representative of the people,

but usually wait until they receive complaints, denunciations, or

recommendations, or are assigned tasks, before acting.

In sum, on the aoccasion of the coming people's council regulations, because

of the people's criticisms of the people's council delegates many places have

expressed their feelings to the delegates and same places have rather strongly

criticized the sense of responsibility of the delegates. That demands that we

review our past activities so that we can renovate our thought and fulfill our

responsibility.

5616

CSO: 4209/430

61
POLITICAL VIETNAM

CAUSES OF INEPTITUDE OF PEOPLE'S COUNCILS ANALYZED

Ho Chi Minh City SAIGON GIAI PHONG in Vietnamese 28 Feb 87 p 2

[Article by Hoang Van Khang: "Examine the Causes of Shortcomings

in Activities and Try To Correct Them"]

Where could the causes of these shortcomings be found? The first

cause which was debated on that day by the representatives was

the failure of many cadres in party committees at various echelons

and in people's committees to understand correctly and completely

the role, function, power, and duties of the people's councils

and people's representatives. In practice, many cadres of the

party and administration considered the people's councils merely

as a "doorway" to various functions and titles in administrative

and managerial organs (such as the people's committees). With

the power vested in them, the people's councils could only

"ratify" but not "change" the plans proposed by the people's

committees. This situation naturally led to a disregard for the

power and qualifications of the people's representatives as well

as to neglect the role of the special boards of the people's

62
council. Once, on hearing that a general cadre of a precinct

people's council had been elected and specially assigned to the

secretariat of the district people's council, the other

comrades—namely, the chairman and vice chairman of the people's

council and other leading cadres—considered his appointment

"regrettable" and paid him a visit with the sincere intention of

encouraging and comforting him. Here are some concrete examples

cited by the representatives: The party and people's committees

at various echelons usually did not give adequate assistance to

the people's council representatives to enable them to understand

fully the resolutions of the party and the programs of actions

and plans of the people's committes; nor did these party and

people's committees care to collect the views expressed by the

people's representatives. There was a prevalent failure to give

perodic, prompt, and full information on the activities of

executive organs to the representatives and special boards of the

people's councils. It appeared that only those people's council

members who had been appointed to a people's committee were

considered important while the other representatives were

considered "superfluous" and assigned to special boards of the

people's council. This concept and working method exerted a

great influence on the development of the role of all people's

council representatives. People's council representatives who

were concurrently members of a people's committee paid attention

and attached importance only to their administrative functions and

titles and frequently neglected their role and duties as people's

representatives. As for the other people's council

representatives, the possibility of carrying out activities was

very limited because many of them were incapable and had few

occasions to participate in meetings to discuss the conduct of

affairs, and because they lacked data and other sources of

information and experienced difficulties with the necessary means

and other material conditions (some treatment systems designed

for and interests granted to people's council representatives are

still left to the "discretion" of the authorities in each

precinct). Without a complete and deep understanding and

knowledge, many representaives could hardly perform proper

control and inspection and found it more difficult to question

people's committees and various sectors about their activities,

which resulted in limiting the people's representatives' ability

to give explanations to voters and answer their questions. For

this reason, many people's representatives were reluctant to meet

voters and were reported absent whenever such a meeting was

convened. Therefore, these representatives were unable to know

and fully reflect the sentiments and aspirations of voters, to

intervene on the latter's behalf, and to defend their interests.

The representatives also stressed that recently, many of them

were not highly enthusiastic about their tasks and even became

discouraged because they were not really interested in certain

activities which were "assigned" to them against their will.

63
In exchanging views on the recent situation, the people's council

representatives wanted mainly to point out some problems worthy of

consideration during the forthcoming elections. Dao Van Ngoc, a

people's council representative from Tan Binh District, said that

what made him most enthusiastic was the Central Committee's

instructions that during the forthcoming elections, it will be

necessary to select capable and virtuous representatives and to

consider criteria especially important instead of neglecting them

for the sake of structural composition. Moreover, there is no

provision saying that during the forthcoming elections, it will

be necessary to ensure that party members account for a certain

percentage of elected representatives. According to Tran Ngoc

Loi, who is in charge of the secretariat of the people's council

in the Fifth Precinct, if the elections are truly democratic and

do not entail any coercive measures, and if there is no

"compulsorily appointed" representative, there will be no

so-called "nominal representative" to carry out activities

halfheartedly. Many other representatives believe that if

candidates are freely and democratically chosen and nominated at

the grassroots level and if only candidates with nearly equal

achievements are enlisted for elections, the practice of

nominating "buffer" and "stepping-stone" candidates will be

eliminated, thereby enabling voters to realize their wish to

choose only the really capable and virtuous representatives.

The solution to the above-mentioned problems is an important

prerequisite for the next term of office of people's councils to

avoid committing the same shortcomings as those occurring in the

recent past. Favorable conditions will thus be created for the

constituencies to use their votes to exercise their rights and

fulfill their responsibilities.

9332/13104

CSO: 4209/390

64
POLITICAL VIETNAM v-Lciiwt

SERIOUS VIOLATIONS OF CITIZEN RIGHTS DISCUSSED

Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 26 Feb 87 p 3

[Article by Le Sau: "Do Not Allow Criminals to Get Away With Murder, Do Not

Punish Law-Abiding People Unjustly"]

[Text] Currently some cadres, mainly those in the villages and subwards,

know very little about the citizen right to habeas corpus as stipulated by

the constitution. Many localities have committed serious violations.^ A

former convict, recently released to a subward, has been appointed chief of

a street unit. Many chiefs and deputy chiefs of village public security utter

verbal threats and issue arrest warrants at will. In the past few years,

public security and the organ of control in Hanoi City have brought to trial

before the municipal people's court and ward and district courts some

cases of illegal arrest and detention in which the victims were tied up, beaten

up, forced to admit guilt,: and physically tortured. Nevertheless, the practice

of basic-level cadres acting want only to intimidate or pay off old personal

scores still prevails alarmingly.

From the trials conducted by municipal and provincial courts two points of

interest emerge:

First, district and ward people's committees, which lead the basic level

directly with the assistance of public security, the organ of control, and

the courts have failed to provide village and subward cadres with comprehensive

legal training, and to explain in detail to them about the extent of their

judicial power.

Second, violations by basic-level cadres stemmed from many causes. Some

cadres were driven by personal interest, were bad social managers, were

impatient, and did not know how to work. Others, eager to cut a figure, did

what they liked, infringing upon the right to habeas corpus of law-abiding

citizens. Still others detained innocent people, tying and beating them up,

simply to wreak vengeance.

Because of the above reasons, we petition provincial and municipal administration

officials, particularly those at ward and district levels, to devise plans for

training, controlling, and supervising village and subward cadres, chiefly those

in charge of security, urging them to comply truly and strictly with Artxcle 69

of the constitution and Articles 234 and 239 of the Penal Code, contributing

effectively to the struggle against crimes by not letting criminals get away

with murder, not punishing law-abiding people unjustly, and seeing to it that

all are equal before the law.

65

9213/12951

CSO: 4209/381
POLITICAL VIETNAM

DEEDS CALLED MORE IMPORTANT THAN WORDS

Ho Chi Minh City SAIGON GIAI PHONG'in'Vietnamese 21 Mar 87 p 1

["Speak Frankly, Speak the Truth" column: "Talking and Doing: the Balance

Cannot Tilt Toward Talking"]

[Text] There is a Western European proverb that "Words have strength."

Words are necessary, very necessary, for social life. In countries with good

educational systems, much attention is paid to teaching the children to speak,

especially to speak kindly, correctly, and with meaning, and not to curse or

talk ugly.

Because that is important, the Vietnamese are concerned with teaching their

children how to speak. However, no matter how much attention has been paid to

speech and no matter how much words have been respected, mankind has always

regarded doing--actual practice--as being more important. The Chinese

philosopher Wang Ming advocated combining knowing with acting, and thought

that knowing and doing went side-by-side. Lenin and Uncle Ho emphasized

action and deeds.

Mass public opinion criticizes people who are verbose, who speak at length and

speak poorly. That is not to criticize words or ways of speaking. What the

masses criticize is that such people say much but do little, or even worse,

who talk but do not do, or talk good but do bad. People do not like liars

because the words of such people do not match their deeds. It is regrettable

that at present we still witness many instances of words not matching deeds.

In the organs and neighborhoods, many slogans are hung everywhere before the

eyes of the people: "Live and Work in Accordance With the Law," "In Life and

Combat Follow the Example of the Great Uncle Ho." However, laws are being

violated more than ever. Outmoded, worn-out, backward ways of thinking and

living are still sources of man worry. There are countless examples of the

inflation of slogans and declarations. In the press, over the radio, and

during plan emulation campaigns one constantly hears strident calls for the

stabilization of prices and living conditions. However, many enterpirses,

corporations, and stores still allow goods to float around, each place prices

continue to increase and life becomes a little more difficult.

During the recent congress of the municipal party organization, a young female

delegate revealed her inner thoughts: "You speak very well, very well, but

66
your do very little." At present, there is an imbalance in our society which

I think is more important than the other imbalances: the imbalance between

saying and doing. The balance is tilting strongly toward saying (I do not in

the least put down speaking the truth, speaking the full truth, and exposing

the full truth regarding corruption, cover-ups, and law violations. In such

cases proper, brave words are as valuable as revolutionary action).

The masses demand that that imbalance be corrected. They demand what Lenin

demanded: reduce the self-satisfied praise and the grandiose announcements.

"Practice what you preach," as Uncle Ho taught. Increase acts which are

practical, persistent, and resolute for the benefit of the people. If not the

renovation of thought, style, and cadres will continue to be merely a matter

of words. No matter how flowery those words are the people will become bored.

Speaking much also only amounts to idle talk. Doing requires sweat and tears,

hardship and sacrifice. For example, in being a servant of the people it is

necessary to remain close to the people, living simply and purely, and having

an attitude of business before pleasure, not pleasure before business, taking

a horse ride to see the flowers, and going sightseeing.

The writer Gorky made a clear delineation between saying and doing. He said

that the philistine petty bourgeoisie only like to weave dreams and stop

there. Revolutionaries, on the other hand, rush forward into reality and

fight hard to realize their dreams. After the Sixth Party Cognress~a

turning-point congress—the people, because of the great requirements of the

era, have the right to demand that the cadres and party members be brave

warriors who match their words with deeds, say little, attd do much.

Duong Van Dieu \

5616 \

CSO: 4209/421 \

67
POLITICAL VIETNAM

IMPORTANCE OF PEOPLE'S COUNCIL ELECTIONS EMPHASIZED

Ho Chi Minh City SAIGON GIAI PHONG in Vietnamese 24 Mar 87 p 1

["Speak Frankly, Speak the Truth" Column: "On Responding to the Coming

People's Council Elections"]

[Text] It must be said frankly and truthfully that in the past our people's

councils have not fully manifest their positive role in consolidating and

building the 3tate apparatus. There have been many instances of lack of

enthusiasm on the part of the people's councils of them tend to be

perfectionists and regard their positions as nothing more than a way to keep

the card in their pocket and have the respect of others.

There are even delegates doing inspection work who are afraid of the person

who is the object of a complaint to and sincerely informs that person of the

opinions of the person making the complaint.

There are also instances in which people's council delegate, although having

the confidence of the people and having been elected by them,are not liked by

individual comrades on the party committee and are given nothing to do.

There are even worse things that happen: people who are elected to the

people's council but are not elected to the local committee, while others who

run two or three times in two different units but are rejected by rather

large margins. Nevertheless, they are allowed to occupy the key positions

and are sometimes party chapter committee members.

Once a person becomes a people's council delegate, that person must have the

right to say and do, and they must be allowed to openly criticize cadres nd

party members who commit errors. If people who commit errors do not

voluntarily correct them, the delegates must be authorized to request that

they be disciplined at a higher echelon.

Popular, direct, and secret elections are a strict democratic form, so the

ballots cast in the coming people's council elections will not only be bricks

to build ourengine but will also be a tonic for negativism, degeneration,

ignorance, and bureaucratism.

Let us cause the new way of life to be born and the new trend to develop.

When we rely on the masses, the masses will certainly not allow a reactionary

to enter the network for building our homeland.

Believing in the people's councils, let us respond positively to the elections

to be held on 19 April 1987.

Nguyen Nam (Binh Chanh)

68

5616

CSO: 4209/421
POLITICAL VIETNAM

MISTAKES, IRRATIONALITIES IN PAST ELECTIONS DISCLOSED

Ho Chi Minh City SAIGON GIAI PHONG in Vietnamese 26 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by Nguyen Tran, of Long An, in "Speak Frankly, Speak

the Truth" column: "Overcome Formalism in Organizing Elections

and in Activities of Popularly Elected Organs"]

[Text] As a person assigned to local election councils during

the past elections, I have noticed that the election preparations

and activities of people's councils in the previous terms were

imbued with formalism. The following are some specific examples:

1. The structure of a people's council is similar to that of a

Fatherland Front committee —that is, it is composed of men,

women, old and young persons (not children), and representatives

of all classes, nationalities, religions and, In some areas, of

various trades and occupations. In practice, however, there

were not enough persons who possessed the necessary standard of

knowledge, ability, courage, and conditions to work in a manner

worthy of their capacity as representatives of the people. Many

local party committees and Fatherland Front committees chose and

nominated reputedly "gentle" persons—including cadres and party

members working in these localities—to stand as candidates for

elections. The term "gentle" persons means those who participated

in the revolution and satisfactorily implemented party and

state policies and who had not had a "brush" with anyone,

especially with any local leading cadres (if anything, the "brush"

should have been slight and negligible).

Cases of individuals putting themselves forward as candidates

in elections never occurrred or were very rare. In many

localities, the list of candidates presented by the Fatherland

Front committee was "predetermined" by the party committee at

the corresponding echelon. Whenever this list gave rise to

dispute, the opinion of the party committtee secretary of the

people's committee chairman would be the decisive factor while

the chairman of the Fatherland Front committee would have to

"follow suit."

69
2. In many instances, the names of some unimportant persons

unknown to most voters were "intercalated" with those of other

candidates in the list. This trick was played to "pave the way"

for those candidates whom the partial leaders wanted elected.

3. Like National Assembly deputies, people's council

representatives received no salary. Therefore, representatives

who were concurrently cadres, workers, or civil servants (that

is, salaried persons) were in a better position to carry out

activities than those who "ate home-cooked meals and wore clothes

made by their wives." But if the representatives who received

salaries from the agencies where they were working assumed many

important functions, they no longer had enough time to fulfill

their duties as people's representatives.

Le Chi Tiet, a member of the standing committee of the Ho Chi

Minh City people's council, told newspaper reporters that at

the provincial and city level, there were only a few

representatives who were on the rolls (that is, salaried) and

who were thus completely unable to do their job in the people's

councils. As for the real power of people's councils at various

echelons, it was still a controversial issue in practice. Many

party committees at various echelons and many people's committees

thought of the existence of people's councils only when it was

necessary to invite these councils to a meeting or to request

them to "approve" a plan.

For these reasons and partly because of the people's failure to

understand fully the duties and rights of people's council and

voters as stipulated by law, most elections in the past were

held in an unenthusiastic atmosphere, with many voters

perfunctorily going to the polls. For example, because they

were requested to select six and to drop two out of the eight

candidates in Electorial Unit A, voters automatically erased the

first or last two candidates' names on the list without bothering

aobut these candidates' merits. They proceeded in this manner

just to save time and to comply with the request to retain six

candidates and leave out two.

Finally, however, all localities generally reported that the

elections were carried out swiftly, neatly, and in an orderly

fashion, that the percentage of voters going to the polls was

very high, and that there were only a few invalid votes: After

election day, most voters neither knew nor remembered whom they

had voted for. One day I asked Ms Tu, a kindergarten teacher in

my subward who had been twice elected to the people's council:

"In your opinion, which one—the people's council or the people's

committee—wields more power?" She replied immediately with a

laugh: "The people's council." "Why so?" "Because on the

signs hung in front of all people's council offices, the name

70
'People's Council' is written in big letters and placed above

the name 'People's Committee' which is written in much smaller

letters."(!)

It appears that many blunders were made in the past. However,

according to M.S. Gorbachev, it is necessary to see clearly the

past in order to draw experiences and create conditions to

improve in the future. Thanks to the directives issued by the

party and state on the forthcoming elections, we may believe

that during these elections of the people's councils at all

echelons and of the National Assembly, many progressive changes

will be instituted to ensure that the people's councils and

the National Assembly are really the supreme organs of power in

each locality and in the entire country in accordance with the

innovative spirit of the recent Sixth CPV Congress and with the

party and state motto that "the people must be considered the

root of the nation."

9332/13104

CSO: 4209/390

71
POLITICAL VIETNAM

RETALIATION AGAINST PEOPLE WHO CRITICIZE DECRIED

Ho Chi Minh City SAIGON GIAI PHONG in Vietnamese 25 Mar 87 p 1

["Speak Frankly, Speak the Truth" column: "The Phenomenon of Seeking Revenge

Against People Who Criticize"]

[Text] Responding to Directive 79 of the Secretariat of the Party Central

Committee, cadres, workers, civil servants, and laboring people

enthusiastically participated in the self-criticism and criticism campaign,

which attained definite results and was a step toward purifying the basic

party units and improving the effectiveness of state management. Many people

bravely and straight forwardly exposed a number of cadres in leadership

position who were corrupt, colluded, were decadent and degenerated, etc. But

as soon as the criticism campaign was over--in fact, before it had ended—a

number of leadership committees of some organs drew up plans to seek revenge

against people who dared strong criticism of them. Those who criticized were

accused of "slandering leadership," "slandering party emmbers," and being

people "planted by the enemy to carry out sabotage." After making such

accusations they also concocted many other things, spread rumors, distorted

the truth, and besmirch such people to prepare the way for getting even with

them in sophisticated and insidious ways!

At a time when everyone has acted, is acting, and will act in the spirit of

the party's Sixth Resolution and when there is a requirement to renovate

thought, organization, people, and cadres, a number of localities have refused

to adopt new ways an stil select cadres on the basis of sentiment. A cadre

who commits violations in one unit is transferred to another unit. In some

places the assignment of cadres is based on only one standard—"loyalty to an

individual"—while cadres who are truthful, straight forward, and dare

struggle and criticize are mercilessly retaliated against.

We would also like to say that the comrades, people, and unit members who dare

to straightforwardly criticize the deficiencies of leadership are people who

truly believe in the party and truly want to build a pure party. Some places

have not only suspended people wo made criticisms but have also dismissed them

and, even more serious, ordered them arrested! Should that be the fate of

people who were critical?

I recommend that the Municipal Party Committee promptly issue a directive and

apply strict measures to prevent retaliation against people who criticize.

Retaliating against people who criticize must be regarded as a crime that must

be appropriately punished.

Do Xoay, 309 Nam Ky Khoi Nghia

5616

CSO: 4209/421
VIETNAM POLITICAL vxßiHiui

TABLE OF CONTENTS TAP CHI QUAN DOI NHAN DAN JAN 87

BK2400440 Hanoi TAP CHI QUAN DOI NHAN DAN Jan 87 p 126

[Text] Following are the contents of the January 1987 issue of TAP CHI QUAN

DOI NHAN DAN.

1 Editorial: "Renovation, an Urgent Requirement, a Matter of Life-anddeath Significance" hailing the success of the Sixth Party Congress, (pp 1-4)

2. Speech by Comrade Nguyen Van Linh at the opening session of the Sixth

Party Congress, (pp 5-7)

3. Resolution of the Sixth Party Congress, (pp 8-19)

4. Lists of CPV Central Committee Political Bureau, Secretariat.(p 20)

5. List of new CPV Central Committee. (pp 21-23)

6. Comrade Pham Hung's statement at the CPV's Sixth Party Congress announcing

the decision of Truong Chinh, Pham Van Dong, and Le Due Tho not to stand for

election to the Central Committee. (p 24)

7. Truong Chinh's address at the Sixth Party Congress, announcing the decision not to run for election to the Central Committee, (p 25)

8. Short profile of Nguyen Van Linh, general secretary of the Sixth Party

Central Committee, (pp 26,27)

9. Political report at the Sixth Party Congress, (pp 28-99)

10. Nguyen Van Linh's speech at closing session of the CPV Party Congress,

(pp 100-101)

11. Senior General Le Due Ann's statement at the Sixth Party Congress,

(pp 102-105)

12. Obituary on the death of Senior General Le Trong Tan. (p 106)

73
13. Major General Nguyen Duong Han's article on the renovation of thinking

and work behavior in the field of national defense, (pp 107-109)

14. Colonel Hoang Cao's article on the need to renovate thinking to better

implement the party's military line, (pp 109-111)

15. Colonel Hoang Dung's article on the theoretical and scientific research

task in the renovation of military thinking. (pp 111-114)

16. Colonel Nguyen Xuan Hoe's article saying correctly implementing the

principle of democratic centralization is also a renovation. (pp 114-117)

17. Colonel Le Thien's article on the renovation of economic and military

thinking in combining the economy with national defense. (pp 117-120)

18. Historic data on party congresses from the first to date, (PP 121-124)

76662

CSO: 4200/571

74
POLITICAL VIETNAM

SELECTION OF LABORERS GOING OVERSEAS REGULATED

Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 12 Mar 87 p 4

[Article: "Hanoi Implements Democracy, Publicly Selects Laborers To Be Sent

Overseas To Work; An Enterprise Director and a Number of People Are Detained

for Corruption"]

[Text] To develop exports, speed up contract production of export goods, and

expand economic and technical cooperation with socialist countries and capitals,

especially the Soviet Union, Hanoi has given full attention to sending laborers

overseas to work. Quotas on laborers goint to the Soviet Union, Democratic

Republic of Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria have been set for 1987.

Revamping its work methods, democratizing the process of selecting qualified

laborers, and overcoming negative phenomena, the city has established a

guidance committee, clearly specifying the composition of selectees, the

selection criteria and process, and the functions and tasks of services,

bureaus, sectors, wards, and districts, and informing all units publicly of

the exact number of selectees and of selection criteria. Information on the

list of departees for each foreign country, with breakdowns on each batch

and flight, were also announced publicly by newspapers and municipal radio

stations. Qualified organs, enterprises, subwards, and villages have established

selections councils encompassing representatives from the youth union and

trade unions, open to the scrutiny of workers, civil servants, and people.

Selection quotas have been assigned to administrative and technical organs,

including offices of the municipal CPV committee and people's committee,

and these quotas were also made public to prevent upper officials from

urging lower echelons to recruit their family members, thus maintaining

discipline, order, and the prestige of cadres.

The city has strengthened control to detect, thwart, and prosecute negative

phenomena promptly to restore order to the selection of laborers for overseas

work. Recently, security organs arrested the director of the Public Ligthting

Management Enterprise (of the Urban Projects Service) and accomplices for

taking bribes and excluded the bribers from the list of selectees.

9213/12951

CSO: 4209/381

75
POLITICAL VIETNAM

BRIEFS

TRADE VIOLATIONS THWARTED—During recent inspection raids, worker control

units in Bien Hoa City and the districts of Chau Thanh, Xuan Loc, Tan Phu, and

Xuyen Moc (Dong Nai) detected and thwarted in due time 450 cases of violating

price discipline and producing goods without ensuring quality. Violators

included state stores, cooperative stores, and marketing cooperatives. Hundreds

of thousands of dong were recovered in the process. Along with rearranging

business sectors and crafts and developing production, Son La Province conducted

business registration of private trade and investigated and prosecuted 1,196

cases of violations of business regulations, including smuggling, speculation

on Mallotus phipippinensis, and illegal sales of hundreds of packs of

counterfeit cigarettes. The province resolutely ordered 10 noncommercial

organs, which had sold barter goods to outside customers for a profit, to

cease doing business. [Text] [Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 12 Mar 87 p 4] 9213

/12951

CSO: 4209/381

76
ECONOMIC VIETNAM

HO CHI MINH CITY REGULATIONS ON BUSINESS AUTONOMY

BK131441 Ho Chi Minh City SAIGON GIAI PHONG in Vietnamese 9 Apr 87 p 2

["Continuation" of Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee 31 March 1987 "regulation on the right to autonomy in production and business of basic state-run

economic units"—second installment]

[Text] Enterprises' Right to Autonomy in Planning

1. Planning scope

All activities of enterprises are reflected in a unified production, technical,

financial, and social plan that conforms with the 5-year plan and the annual,

quarterly, and monthly plans. Plans will be established according to the

principle of exploiting to the maximum all potentials of enterprises and of

using up all the equipment output and will be based on the requirements of

society and the prescribed guidelines, objectives and tasks of the state plan

with appropriate changes to suit the real situation of each period.

Enterprises' plans are comprehensive plans that cover all production tasks,

the consumption of products, the sources of materials, the technical measures,

transportation, labor, wages, investment in capital construction, technology,

production costs, finances, credits, and social life which will be manifested

by a system of material norms and values.

Enterprises will independently formulate their own plans and submit them to

the immediate higher management agencies for consideration and approval.

To help enterprises have the initiative in formulating plans, the immediate

higher management agencies must promptly give enterprises such information as

planning guidance numbers, the capabilities of delivering and selling materials,

designated customers to sign contracts with enterprises, economic and technical

norms and standards, incentive state policies, and all scientific and technical

advances both at home and abroad which are related to the production and

business of enterprises. """-- -..

77
2. Production and product consumption plans

Enterprise directors will actively and firmly grasp the requirements of society

and the demands of both domestic and foreign markest for their products in

order to formulate the best projects and plans and exploit the capacity and

ability of their enterprises to the maximum.

With respect to major products ordered by the central and local governments,

enterprises must turn them out on a priority basis and must meet the prescribed

qualitative and quantitative norms and the delivery time. Except for some items

that must be produced exactly in accordance with the specifications set by the

state, other items will be produced according to the general standards.

Production enterprise and designated using units may agree with each other to

select those items that meet the demands and tastes of each period in order

to sign their economic contracts. These items will be taken into account

when the enterprises are assessed for the fulfillment of their plan norms for

the main products. When assigning production tasks, the central and local

governments must also prescribe such balances as the amounts and type of

materials and the localities receiving the materials, and must designate the

consumer organizations. Enterprises and designated consumer organizations will

independently conclude their economic contracts and will determine the

specifications and types of goods and the time for delivery. In case the

designated consumer organizations fail to conclude contracts or sign contracts

for less goods than the allocated amounts, production enterprises may sign

contracts with other consumer organizations of the socialist economic elements

in cities and the region or may accept foreign orders for such types of goods.

Enterprises are encouraged to procure their own materials for production. In

the course of implementing plans enterprises are authorized to conclude

additional production contracts or accept additional orders in order to use the

remaining output of equpiment.

Enterprises are encouraged and authorized to organize or participate in all

forms of joint ventures and cooperation in production with other economic

organizations, both at home and abroad, in order to fully use the currently

available capacity. This must be included in the annual plan or supplemental

plans and must be reported to the immediate higher management agencies.

3. Investment plan for capital construction

Enterprise directors are assigned the responsibility of managerially controlling

fixed assets provided hy the state or procured by the enterprises, and of

purchasing or renewing fixed assets in order to meet the requirements of

production. Enterprises will independently decide on the plan for industrial

modernization in order to enhance the quality of products and lower production

costs. They may use their self-procured, loan, or joint-venture funds to

purchase equipment either domesrically or from abroad.

Enterprise directors are authorized to select and be responsible for the

acceptance of project builders by applying bidding procedures instead of having

higher agencies designate another party to start the construction.

78
Investment in expanding capacity and modernizing the chain of production

requires large amounts of funds. If enterprises cannot fend for themselves,

they may submit an economic and scientific thesis to the authorized agencies

for consideration and approval so that they can get loans by themselves or

receive state investments.

4. Scientific and technical plans

Enterprise directors may independently establish plans for the application of

technical innovations, improve and renew industrial regulations, rationalize

production, improve and enhance the quality of products, experimentally turn

out new products, economize on materials and energy, replace imported raw

materials by domestically procured ones, and fully use scrap and reconditioned

raw materials.

Enterprise directors should establish 5-year and annual plans for scientific

research, reduce the allocation of research topics and the procurement of funds

from higher echelons for the research, and shift to the procedures of research

contracts. Based on the requirements of development, enterprise directors

will independently determine plans and subjects, and sigh contracts with

research units and individuals, including contracts' for joint research and

production. Enterprises are authorized to buy inventions, proprietary techniques, and industrial ownership, and Win scientists and technicians at home

and abroad in order to apply scientific and technical innovations to production.

They can independently arrange funds, materials, equipment, labor etc in order

to implement research plans. They may use the increased income—or the amount

of saved money—resulting from the application of technical innovations for the

first 2 or 3 years to bolster the enterprises' funds or they may use part of

that income to reward the collectives or individuals for their contributions

to the scientific research contracts and the application of technical progress.

Enterprise directors, through the advisory council of enterprises, may grant

unlimited rewares to those who have overfulfilled the basic economic norms

through applying technical progress, and may issue commendations, including

copyrights, to those enterprise directors who may employ experts at home and

overseas Vietnamese as technical and management advisers depending on each

specific time and contract. Enterprises may recommend the hiring of foreign

experts and managers in accordance with the general regulations of the city

and central governments.

5. Social and livelihood plans

Enterprise directors will independently establish social and livelihood plans

for workers and civil servants, and put forth measures to improve the living,

movement, education, and professional skills of cadres, workers, and civil

servants; to protect their health, and to extend social welfare benefits for

them. Special attention must be paid to expanding secondary production and

household economy in order to absorb the excess and idle labor of the families

of cadres, workers, and civil servants into production so that they can

increase their income. Using self-procured funds, enterprises may manufacture

tools for sale to workers and civil servants so that the latter can use them

79
to fulfill orders from the enterprises. Welfare funds must be used effectively

to improve housing conditions for cadres, workers, and civil servants, mess

facilities, nurseries, kindergartens, and other welfare projects of enterprises.

All production and business installations located in the city must scrupulously

comply with the regulations on ecological and environmental protection.

Enterprises must report their production, livelihood, and social plans, in--

eluding plans for ecological and environmental protection, to the local

people's committees—districts and precincts—so that local governments can

contribute their views and integrate balances in the territorial divisions.

6. Defend and accept plans

a. Enterprises will submit the overall plan to the next higher management

agency and give copies of it to the various related agencies (planning,

finance, banking, material supply, pricing, labor, statistics...) at least

10 days before defending the plan. In the case of city-level pilot enterprises, the draft plan must be submitted to the head management service and

the city planning committee and to the various related agencies. If the plan

concerns technical research and application, it must simultaneously be sent to

the city's scientific and technical committee so that it can be integrated,

followed up, and administered.

b. Pilot enterprises will defend their plans before the city planning

committee and head management service, which will then submit the plans to the

chairman of the peoplers committee of the city (or.district and precinct if

the enterprises are under the managerial control of district and precinct

authorities). The plan will then be allocated directly to the enterprises.

The operational control of production rests mainly with enterprise directors.

All related agencies, such as the head management service and the planning,

finance, pricing, banking, material supply, labor, and technological agencies,

must regularly support the enterprises.

c. Enterprises will defend their plans directly before the next higher

management agency, which must arrive at clear-cut conclusions on the enterprises' petitions and inform the enterprises of the materials, energy, transportation, and other services that have been arranged for them. The responsible

authorities must also be informed of the arrangements at the same time so that

they can assign norms and regulations to.the designated organizations of

material supply, transportation, and service. On this basis, the enterprises

and these organizations will conclude official economic contracts.

d. The city's planning committee and the head management service have the

responsibility of reviewing plans and integrating requirements for overall

management purposes. They can reject the enterprises' production projects if

they see no market for the products or if production will not bring about

sufficient economic results.

80
e. Official plans must be allocated to enterprises no later than 20-25

November of the year preceding the plan year so that enterprises will be able

to prepare and begin production at the very beginning of the plan year.

With respect to enterprises that depend on the crop seasons for production,

the city's planning committee and head management service must determine the

appropriate time for assigning plans to them.

7. Norms and regulations

Norms and regulations will be allocated depending on the classification of

enterprises:

a. Enterprises for which the state guarantees all the main material conditions

and a market for their products will be allocated three norms and regulations:

—The vaule of goods output to be achieved (including the export quota, if

any);

;—The quality of main products, with prescribed specifications and quality,

to be consumed according to plans and contracts (clearly specifying portions

for national defense and portions for export, if any);

—items to be included in the budget (including profits and other items of

revenues).

b. Enterprises receiving only part of their demand for materials from the state

and procuring materials partly on their own will be allocated two norms and

regulations:

—The value of goods output to be achieved (clearly specifying the export

quota, if any);

—Budgetary items to be delivered (including profits and other items of

revenues).

c. Production, service and repair enterprises that procure their own

materials will be allocated one norm and regulation..

—Budgetary items to be delivered (including profits and other items of

revenues).

d. Construction and assembly enterprises will be allocated three norms and

regulations:

—The value of construction and assembly output that has been accepted;

—While projects and items of projects to be completed and handed over;

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—Budgetary items to be delivered (including profits and other revenue items).

e. Transportation enterprises are allocated two norms and regulations:

—The volume of commodity turnover and the number of'transported passengers;

—Budgetary items to be delivered (including profits and other revenue items).

f. As regards other business organizations such as trade, material supply, and

trade banks, decision No. 76/HDBT will be applied.

In addition to these norms and regulations, the next higher management agency

will assign some guidance indexes suitable to the situation of enterprises and

the requirements of the national economy. Guidance indexes will not be used as

a basis on which to consider and ratify the fulfillment of plans.

8. Control the implementation and assignment of plans.

a. Plans of enterprises must be collectively formulated—their cadres, workers,

and civil employees—and decided by the directors. Trade unions in enterprises

will coordinate with the directors to organize for cadres, workers, and'civil

employees to participate in the formulation of plans and discuss measures to

implement them. Representatives of trade union locals may join in defending

the enterprises' plans and reviewing the fulfillment of plans.

b. In the course of implementing plans, enterprises may supplement the plans

to use equipment output fully. If for objective reasons impossibility of

securing material conditions, natural disasters, major troubles—) the assigned

tasks cannot be fulfilled, enterprises may request the next higher echelon to

review and adjust the plans. It is a shortcoming of the plan assignment

authorities if they fail to ensure a good balance for enterprises. Conversely,

enterprises are responsible to the state for complying with the plans.

c. The agencies that assign plans to enterprises will be responsible for

ratifying the fulfillment of plans by enterprises. Concluding the plan year,

enterprise directors are duty bound to report on the situation of plan

implementation in the enterprises to the next higher management agencies.

Copies of the report must be sent to the related agencies (planning, statistics,

finance, banking...) so that the results of plan implementation can be considered and recognized. Enterprise directors are fully responsible for the

accuracy of the report.

Fun tion, tasks of organizations dealing in materials and the autonomy of

enterprises in the field of materials

I. Responsibility and authority of organizations dealing in materials.

1. Material supply organizations will henceforth shift to the procedures of

economic accounting and socialist business, buy materials from and sell them

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to units according to the production plans of enterprises that have been

approved as belonging to the economic elements engaged in production consistent

with the city's guidelines and plan tasks.

2. All business operations buying and selling materials must go through

economic contracts and be aimed at supporting socioeconomic development

according to the policies and stipulations of the city people's committee.

3. Materials involved in business consist of:

—Materials allocated by the central government according to plans;

—materials imported by the city itself;;

—materials procured through noncommer ial imports;

—domestically produced materials;

—all scrap, discards, flotsam, and stockpiled materials because of slow

turnover;

--materials and parts sold to foreign companies by an economic, organization x

acting as the city's agent. "

4. Organizations dealing with materials will make priority purchases from and

sales of materials to production enterprises according to the state plan and

the plans assigned by the city people's committee. All organizations dealing

in materials will organize the preliminary processing and preservation of

materials on their own according to the requirements of production and will

enhance the use value of scrap and discards.

5. All material supply organizations will henceforth shift to the procedures

of purchasing and selling materials in accordance with approved production

plans of enterprises. A surplus of any type of material after balances in

prescribed plans have been secured can be sold to other production units with

production plans requirements to be met. Priority will be given to socialist

economic elements and production units located in the city.

6. Material supply companies will be iricorporated with the distribution and

circulation bloc at the city as well as district and precinct levels.

7. The most favorable conditions will be created for enterprises.to receive

directly—without going through intermediary links—materials provided by the

central government and imported by the city. \

II. Right of basic state-run economic units to buy and sell materials.

1. Joint enterprises and enterprises turning out products en masse should be

assigned norms for material losses. These norms must be reviewed by the enterprise directors and approved by higher authorities and will be used as a basis

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for enterprises to purchase materials from the central or city government.

Because science and technology develop, technical progress reaches new heights,

and manufacturing design and industrial production are constantly renovated,

the economic and technical norms—including those for material losses—must

also be constantly renewed accordingly. Enterprise directors should organize

optimal use of raw and other materials, including scrap, discards, and byproducts of the enterprises. Directors of primary installations should study

and recommend policies to encourage enterprises expand secondary production to

use scrapped and discarded supplies and products along with odds and ends of

materials in enterprises to turn our products more toward society and to deal

with excess manpower.

2. Joint enterprises and enterprises may receive materials directly from the

supplying source without going through intermediary links.

3. In exchange for the quantities of materials delivered and sold by the state

to enterprises for production, the enterprises must sell their products to the

state in accordance with economic contracts.

4. Products made from materials imported by the city must be sold to consuming

units designated in economic contracts by the city authorities.

—Materials imported by enterprises themselves or received through joint

enterprises with overseas Vietnamese may be sold to state-run trade agencies

and cooperatives. Enterprises may obtain foreign exchange loans to import

materials for production and are bound to pay debts.

5. Materials that enterprises exploit and procure in markets on their own can

be sold according to economic contracts.

6. Trading of products made from materials received by enterprises through

joint business with foreign countries is stipulated by the city people's

committee in accordance with economic contracts.

7. Enterprises may use excess materials to organize production, create more

jobs, and increase the three funds of enterprises.

Surplus state-provided materials not used by enterprises can be sold to other

state-run enterprises or handicrafts and artisan industry cooperatives with a

demand for such materials at the state-prescribed price plus the cost of

transportation and maintenance as agreed upon by the two sides after receiving

the approval of the next higher management service and after informing the

material supply unit of the action.

8. Enterprises may exchange products turned out beyond the assigned plans for

raw and other materials used to support their production.

9. Joint enterprises and enterprises are encouraged to create their own

bases for production of materials by granting enterprises an exemption from

or a reduction in payments of state revenues and budgetary interest. This

matter must be considered and decided by the authorized echelons in each

specific case.

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CSO: 4200/567 84
ECONOMIC VIETNAM

HO CHI MINH CITY REGULATION ON BUSINESS, PART 3

BK150701 Ho Chi Minh City SAIGON GIAI PHONG in Vietnamese 10 Apr 87 p 2

["Continuation" of Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee's 31 March 1987

"Regulation on the Right to Autonomy in Production and Business of Basic

State-run Economic Unit"—third installment]

[Text] Enterprises' Autonomy in the Fields of Labor, Wages, and Life

1. Based on their production and business-related tasks and plans and on

economic and technical norms, an enterprise director is fully authorized to

decide the staffing of his enterprise's management mechanism. He has the

right to recruit, appoint, and train workers. This is to create a contingent

of well-trained workers who can work on a long-term basis—from one generation

to another—in accordance with demands for the development of production and

business. Furthermore, he should ensure the availability of sufficient funds

to renumerate cadres, workers, and civil servants in his enterprise.

2. Enterprises can seek labor contracts if the recruitment of more personnel

is considered unnecessary and unproductive as this will only make their

staffing heavy. Enterprises have the right to recruit cadres, workers, civil

servants, and laboring people in the city to work for them. There are no

restructions as to in which precincts or districts recruiting is to be done.

If an enterprise wants to recruit a worker who does not have a ration card

issued to permanent residents of the city, the enterprise concerned should

comply with all stipulations set by the city people's committee.

3. Enterprises have the right to decide on the forms and methods for organizing

production and work in a scientific manner and to select the desired forms of

production cooperation with other enterprises.

4. Enterprises have the right to invite technical experts, economic administrators, scientists, and scientific research organs to work for them if needed

for production and business activities. They also have the right to use their

own operating funds to give appropriate material and moral incentives to their

workers in accordance with their work efficiency. They can invite foreign

experts and organizations to join their businesses in accordance with

stipulations set by the city people's committee.

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6. Enterprise directors (through relevant councils for awards and penalties)

have the right to award and discipline (including the right to lay off) those

cadres, workers, and civil servants working under their enterprises' management. They should take responsibility for such decisions.

Enterprise directors are responsible for ensuring technical and labor safety

and for improving the working environments and conditions for their workers.

7. As for wages, enterprise directors have the right to choose those forms of

remuneration which are reasonable. He should attach importance to contractual

and production-based collective pay systems and should resort to appropriate

forms of bonuses. Based on the Fifth CPV Central Committee's eight plenum

resolution which stipulates that the average minimum wage for a simple worker

must be fixed in such a way as to ensure 2,000 calories per day for the worker

himself and for feeding a dependent of this worker.

Enterprises should ensure the minimum level of benefits for their workers.

There will be no limitations on the maximum level of benefits if this level is

created for legitimate and rational work performance. Enterprise directors

should take responsibility for the legitimacy and rationality of the maximum

level of benefits that they have decided upon. Enterprises are allowed to

fully compute all their goods produced into wages in accordance with quantitative standards and with current market prices (stipulated by the city people's

committee). They should include all the wage-related expenses into each unit

of production and this should be used as a basis for the payment of piecework

wages and the establishment of planned wage funds registered in banks so that

money can be withdrawn on time to pay cadres, workers, and civil employees.

All expenses for wages (including the price subsidies to wages of rationed

commodities) must be adequately accounted for in the production costs of

products.

The wage funds achieved by enterprises must be linked closely with the results

of production and business and with the levels at which plans have been fulfilled. Workers' wages must be linked closely with the quantity and quality

of work contributions. Enterprises will experimentally establish a system of

service seniority allowances for some trades and jobs and a system of functional

responsibility allowances for positions from production team chiefs to directors of enterprises and joint enterprises (including cadres in charge of

tasks of the party, trade unions, and youth union in enterprises). If the

position is no longer held, the individual will draw pay at the grade prescribed

for his professional occupation. (The labor service will coordinate with

various sectors to study this matter and issue early guidance).

9. [number as published] Enterprises' wage funds will be controlled not by

the number of workers nor by the average pay grade but by reviewing the expenses

for wages paid based on each unit of product (or pay unit based on the value of

each unit of commodity achieved).

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Expenses for wages paid on each unit of product are determined adequately to

cover all the costs of labor closely linked with the turned out products

(calculated according to current prices and the rates of sliding scale set by

the city people's committee).

10. Enterprise directors have the duty and right to organize production and

management in the direction of streamlining the machinery, to conduct regular

training for cadres, workers, and civil employees to raise the standard of

their knowledge, and to appoint cadres in the enterprises and decentralize the

authority for such appointment. The general directors of joint enterprises and

class 1 enterprises are authorized to review workers' pay from grade 1 to grade

7 according to the criteria set by the state for promotion tests and by the pay

advisory council. The pay grade promotion of technical and managerial cadres

must follow the state regulations. If the cadres have made many technical and

managerial contributions, the advisory council will recommend them for promotion to be approved by the directors.

According to the current decentralized system for management cadre appointment,

class 3 or lower enterprise directors subordinate to the joint enterprises will

be appointed by the general directors of joint enterprises after consulting

with and voting for confidence at primary installations. As for deputy directors and chief accountants, they will be appointed by the next higher authority

as recommended by directors or general directors of joint enterprises. Team

chiefs and foremen will be appointed by directors through consulting with the

annual conference of workers and civil employees.

Enterprises' Right to Autonomy in Financial Domain

I. Regarding capital and the use of enterprises' capital.

Enterprises' capital includes fixed and liquid assets provided by the state

and procured by the enterprises themselves in the process of developing production and business.

1. Enterprises will be encouraged to quickly.increase and effectively use

their assets. Besides the original state-provided assets, enterprises have

the responsibility and right to create and increase their self-procured

assets—including loans from foreign countries—in order to develop production

and business.

2. Enterprises' fixed capital includes:

—The value of all existing fixed assets in enterprises.

—Capital depreciation money left behind for enterprises.

—Part of the incentive funds for stimulating the development of production

in enterprises.

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Enterprises are authorized to effectively use their fixed assets for supplemental investment in renovating their real estate and increasing their production capacity. If they do not have enough self-procured funds, they may get

loans from banks, cadres, workers, civil employees; and the people with the

guidance of agencies specializing in getting foreign loans.

3. All the existing fixed assets of enterprises must be depreciated according

to the city regulations (including capital depreciation and depreciation for

major repair). The rates of capital depreciation must correctly reflect the

degree of real wear and tear of fixed assets under normal production conditions.

The rates of depreciation for major repairs must correctly reflect the real and

rational costs of major repairs performed on fixed assets.

With respect to those fixed assets secured through budgetary investments,

depending on the specific state of each fixed asset, part or the entire amount

of capital depreciation will be left behind for enterprises. When this amount

of money has not been used, it will be in banks. (Specific guidance for this

matter will be issued by the Finance Ministry.) All the monetary amount of

capital depreciation of fixed assets acquired with enterprises' self-procured

funds or bank loans will be left with the enterprises.

4. If need be, the head management service or the next higher management

agency may relocate the state budget-provided fixed assets of enterprises to

other places. Enterprises may sell their unused fixed assets. If they want

to keep them, they must calculate depreciation as prescribed.

5. Enterprises' liquid assets include:

—The budgetary capital initially issued to enterprises when they begin operation.

—The assets accumulated annually by enterprises themselves with incentive,

funds for stimulating the development of production.

—Loans from banks, cadres, workers, civil employees, and. the people, and from

foreign countries according to the generally prescribed regulations.

—Credits for norms fulfilled and other items of credit (if any).

—Savings from economizing on materials to meet technical and economic norms.

6. Enterprises must arrange for funds on their own to settle the newly

emerging stockpile of materials.

Enterprises may transfer these stockpiled materials to other units in the sector

at purchasing prices with due consideration made of the state of materials and

maintenance costs. Differentials of prices (either increase or decrease) of

materials and goods in stock and of liquid assets because of changes in prices

must be accounted for in the enterprises' liquid assets.

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7. Enterprises have the responsibility and right to effectively use all the

fixed and liquid assets given by the state to them. The Finance Ministry will

make a study and provide guidance for the taxation of the assets. Enterprises

must institute plans for using excess assets. If these assets are not used,

they must be reported to higher authorities for rationally balancing their use.

If no decision has been taken by higher authorities on month after the submission of such report, enterprise directors may sell the assets, giving

priority to other state-run enterprises and cooperatives in the city.

8. Enterprises will perform economic cost accounting in accordance with the

principle of self-reimbursement of funds and of adequately and correctly

calculating all expenses and production costs in order to scientifically

manifest production costs. Production costs must properly account for

expenditures in production means, labor, and other items of expenditures

necessary to the smooth and regular operation of enterprises to rationally show

the practical value.

The production cost accounting of enterprises must be made in an adequate,

accurate, and integrated manner by a system of records and vouchers to truthfully reflect profits and losses in the production and business operations of

enterprises.

9. Those materials sold for the state will be accounted for in production

costs at the state-directed prices plus other expenses for the purchase,

transportation, and real loss of materials.

Those materials procured by enterprises themselves (Including those procured

through import-export operations) will be accounted for in production costs in

accordance with the real purchase prices providing that the determined selling

prices can be accepted by buyers and that enterprises can fulfill their

obligations to contribute to the state budget while still gaining some profits.

Expenses previously excluded from production costs can now be accounted for in

production costs by enterprises in accordance with the principle of correctly

and adequately calculating the actual and rational expenses. If the actual

expenses of enterprises are higher than the prescribed level which make the

production costs and wholesale and retailing sale prices go up, enterprises

must reconsider the matter and if no solution can be brought about, production

lines must be changed. The items of expenses previously excluded from production costs which are now accounted for in production costs, include: \

—Expenses for advanced skill training, dispensaries, and medical aid stations

of enterprises.

—Expenses for services in mess hall, supplemental food services to the third

work shift and noxious work shift, and rest and recreational house.

—Expenses for military training and wages paid to workers and civil employees

who stop production to undergo military training.

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II. Concerning income distribution and budgetary contributions.

11. [as published] The income, income distribution, and budgetary contributions of enterprises must be planned and included in a unified final statement

in accordance with the general regulations.

While awaiting action to experimentally organize projects for replacing state

revenues by various taxation policies, enterprises will continue to implement

the current system of state revenues.

12. The total income achieved by enterprises is determined as follows:

The total amount of business achieved (computed by the industrial wholesale

prices) plus production costs and taxes to be paid.

The total income achieved by enterprises in the year is distributed as follows,

distinguishing the characteristics of trades and jobs, categories of products,

types of enterprises...:

—One part reserved for enterprises to fulfill their obligations to contribute

to the budget,

—The remainder is used by enterprises to establish three funds.

Specifically, the general standard for distributing enterprises' income is:

a. If the income comes from production achieved within the plan norm:

—Enterprises will receive 50-60 percent of it,

—From 40 to 50 percent of it will be delivered to the budget.

b. If the income comes from production achieved beyond the plan norm:

—Enterprises will receive 60-80 percent of it.

—From 20 to 40 percent of it will be delivered to the budget.

Those enterprises manufacturing raw materials, machinery, spare parts, and

export goods will get higher income distribution by 10-20 percent in order to

develop production, accelerate in-depth investment, and modernize production.

(List of these enterprises is established by the city, district, and precinct

people's committees).

c. As regards those enterprises that use scrap and discards in secondary

production (regardless of whether it is within or beyond plan norms), the

income will be distributed as follows:

—If the production plan is fulfilled, the enterprises get 80 percent of the

income and deliver 20 percent to the budget.

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—If the production plan is not fulfilled, the enterprises get 50 percent of

the income and deliver the other half to the budget.

13. After paying all fines (if any), enterprises will use part of their

received income to establish a concentrated fund as stipulated by the city

people's committee, (this is for enterprises incorporated into joint enterprises, general corporations, and corporations...) the remaining part will be

distributed to the three funds of enterprises: Fund for production development

including portion reserved for research and application of technical innovations; welfare fund, and bonus fund.

The enterprises' managing directors and workers represented by the trade union

executive committees under the leadership of the party committee echelons are

fully authorized to decide the use and distribution of these three funds in

order to develop and expand production, increase the public welfare facilities,

and reward cadres, workers, and civil employees. The scale of these three funds

in enterprises will not be specified by higher authorities.

14. On the strength of ensuring the principle of distribution according to

labor and the harmonious combination of the interests of the state, enterprises, and individual workers, no maximum level will be set for the welfare

and bonus funds.

15. Enterprise directors are authorized to decide the use of funds for production development in scientific and technical research and application.

The finance service together with other related services and sectors will

stipulate relevant provisions for each sector and each type of enterprise.

/9738

CSO: 4200/567

91
ECONOMIC VIETNAM

HO CHI MINH CITY AUTONOMY REGULATION, PART 4

BK160747 Ho Chi Minh City SAIGON GIAI PHONG in Vietnamese 11 Apr 87 p 2

["Fourth and last installment" of Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee" 31

March "regulation" on the right to autonomy in production and business of

basic state-run economic units]

[Text] Right of Enterprises to Autonomy in Their Relations With Banks

1. Bank's duty is to mobilize and gather all the temporarily idle money of

all production and business units of the state-owned, collectivized, and

individual economic elements, and the idle money of the people and administrative and professional agencies in order to run business in support of socioeconomic development.

Banks must pay interest to the owners of money mobilized for socioeconomic

development and will receive interest from the borrowers.

Banks can collect fees for all banking services to economic installations and

individuals (funds transfer, hiring of safes, proxy collection and payment,

guarantees...).

2. Enterprises may select their own banks to open all types of accounts

including the foreign exchange account (if they have foreign exchange in banks)

and have the responsibility of depositing all idle money in banks. They also

may change banks as deemed convenient to production and business.

3. All assets of enterprises and capital of individuals which are deposited

in banks will draw interest as prescribed and can be withdrawn any time and

in any amount without any need for justification.

4. Banks have the right to deny, limit, or discontinue loans to losing business

enterprises (except those enterprises having planned losses), and enterprises

that regularly fail to pay their debts on time. Banks are responsible for their

own decisions. In particular cases, there must be a decision of the city

people's committee.

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5. Credit loans for investment in capital construction according to the state

and city plans are made in accordance with the general regulations. For those

projects involving the application of technical innovations, enterprises can

get loans according to a privileged system for lower interest rates than those

applied to business.

Right of Enterprises to Autonomy in Pricing

Following is the general principle for determining the right of enterprises

to autonomy in the field of prices and for guaranteeing state management

control: Prices must warrant the development of production, reflect the real

buying power of money, not cause losses to production, yield some profits,

manifest the real value of products, and take into account the supply-demand

relationship of global society and prices. Producers must have the initiative

to decide on rational prices.

I. Authority of Enterprises

1. Over state-priced commodities:

Enterprises will compute adequate and accurate production costs and recommend

the sale prices of their own products to the people's committee for decision.

Enterprises will take the initiative to recommend the sale prices of those

goods made of materials provided by the central government to the authorized

echelons for decision.

2. Over commodities not included in the state tariff:

Enterprises will compute the production costs and fix the consumer prices

within the tariff prescribed by the city people's committee.

Those products not priced by the city people's committee or directed by the

tariff will be priced by enterprises and customers through mutual agreement

on the basis of accurately and adequately computing production costs. The

prices of each period must be reported to the city's pricing committee.

3. Enterprises may fix the prices of the following products and services:

—Test products and samples to introduce new commodities.

—Products distributed within the enterprises to carry on the process of

production.

—Repair services. Other important services must follow the standard prices

or tariff of the state and the city people's committee.

—Products specially ordered by customers.

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—Purchases and sales of inventions, technical secrets, industrial copyrights,

and so on.

4. Supplemental expenses as requested from customers should be included in

production costs when those expenses exceed price specifications as listed in

contracts and already agreed upon by the enterprises concerned and their

customers.

5. Those products with high-quality ratings—attaining international or

Vietnamese standards—should be awarded incentive price increases for a period

of 1-3 years depending on the particular products (adding some incentive percentage in price to enterprise wholesale prices.)

6. During the period under contract, if the state or the city readjusts

material prices, wages, and other expenditure norms in the manufacture of

products, the enterprises concerned have the right to petition authoritative

organs for a readjustment in the selling price.

II. The responsibilities of state-run industrial enterprises:

1. Enterprises are responsible for trying to reduce production costs and

transportation expenses in order to contribute to stabilizing social market

prices; for scrupulously implementing state pricing policies; and for taking

the initiative in mapping out and submitting to authoritative organs for approval of a pricing plan for those products manufactured by them.

2. Signing economic contracts and contracts for products consumption and for

support services on the basis of state-established prices. If official prices

set by authoritative echelons are not available, the enterprises concerned

are authorized to temporarily use estimated prices for a maximum period of

30 days. Once official prices are available, they should readjust the estimated

prices to the official ones.

3. When requested by authoritative organs concerned, enterprises should

surrender completely, accurately, and promptly all necessary documents concerning production costs and prices for price approval, price control, or

price inspection.

III. Regarding the implementation of the one-price system:

As for those products whose prices are to be set by the central government or

the city, it is necessary to carry out the following in products consumption

accounting:

—The city is to adopt a unified one-price policy and a unified exchange rate

for Vietnamese and foreign currencies in the buying and selling of products,

taking into account the value of products, the party's and the state's production and consumption policies, the prices acceptable to society, as well as

overseas prices. This policy and the exchange rate should be promptly

readjusted when they become unsuitable. On this basis, in accounting production costs and the results of production and business activities, enterprises

should apply the one-price system and a unified exchange rate.

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—With regard to those products whose prices are to be set by the central

government or the city, the enterprises concerned should make price changes

appropriate to the one-price system and the unified exchange rate set by the

central government and the city. Enterprises concerned should turn in to the

state budget all price differences (if any) resulting from this price change

in accordance with the one-price system and the unified exchange rate.

The Financial Office and the Commodity Price Committee should experiment with

this task at a number of enterprises in order to gain experience.

Right of Enterprises to Autonomy in Distribution of Products and Services and

in the Production of Export Goods and Export-Import

I. Relations Between the Trade Sector and State-run Industrial Enterprises:

1. Enterprises shall distribute their marketable products in accordance with

the state plan and economic contracts through socialist trade organizations

designated by the state.

2. For products not covered by the plan for wholesale distribution, the

enterprise shall deliver them directly to retail outlets of the trade sector

as mutually agreed upon. If no agreement is reached, the enterprise may

organize their distribution itself in accordance with the various state policies

on pricing and market management.

3. Depending on the type of enterprises and the products involved, a number

of enterprises (as decided by the service in charge) are allowed to open

showrooms to sell their new products so as to study consumer reaction to their

specifications, prices, and so forth; but this must be done in coordination

with the trade organs.

4. For some items of goods that are the means of production:

—The enterprise shall sign distribution agreements directly with its

customers.

—The enterprise shall open showrooms to offer sale (is possible) and repair

services. Depending on demand, the enterprise may set up its agents wherever

necessary and allowed by the local administration (throughout the southern

region).

5. For some metal consumer goods such as bicycles, motorcycles, table fans,

and so forth, if local demand exists, the enterprise may join the localities

in opening shops to offer sale, repair, assembly, and other services.

6. For industrial food items, a suitable distribution system must be devised

to reduce intermediary links and guarantee their quality and taste (a list

of these items shall be compiled by the trade sector)

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II. Right of Enterprises to Autonomy in the Production of Export Goods and

Export-Import:

1. The city encourages enterprises to produce in great quantities export goods

and items that replace imported.goods; and, at the same time, limits the importation of items that aan be produced domestically (the services engaging in

industrial production and the city association of cooperatives shall provide

the city people's committee with a list of items that can be produced

domestically so that a regulation banning their importation shall be promulgated to protect domestic production),

2. Enterprises producing goods for export have the right to establish direct

contact with foreign markets to study demand and customers' taste and to sign

economic contracts with customers in accordance with the regulations adopted

by the city people's committee. All expenses for establishing contact with

foreign markets shall be borne by the enterprises themselves. If foreign

currency is needed during the initial period, an enterprise may borrow it and

must be responsible for its repayment.

3. Enterprises producing export goods, after completing their production plan

and fully fulfilling their contracts for the delivery of goods for export, shall

be entitled to 10 percent of the actual foreign currency revenue (the foreign

currency received from exports minus expenses in foreign currency for the

production of export goods). This shall be carried out under the guidance of

the financial organs.

4. The city encourages enterprises to produce Items that can replace imported

goods. Based on the list of imports approved by the city, if an enterprise

agrees to produce items that can replace imported goods, it will be entitled

to use 10-20 percent of the value of the goods that would have been imported

with foreign currency provided by the state for 1-3 years depending on the

type of products involved. The money thus paid to the enterprise shall be

charged to the expenditure funds earmarked for imports.

—For products that are the means of production, the enterprise shall be

entitled to 20 percent of their value for 2-3 years.

—For products that are the means of life, the enterprise shall be entitled to

10 percent of their value for 1 year.

5. Enterprises producing export goods have the right to open accounts with the

Foreign Trade Bank and to use their funds to meet the requirements of production.

Cash in foreign currency must be deposited with the Foreign Trade Bank.

Right of Enterprises to Autonomy in Signing and Carrying Out Economic Contracts

I. General Regulations on Economic Contracts

Economic contracts (EC) constitute one of the important bases for formulating

and implementing the plans of an enterprise, a means for linking planning with

the market, and a basis for settling economic conflicts between enterprises as

well as between enterprises and other economic organizations.

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All economic activities between enterprises and between enterprises and other

economic units and organizations must be reflected in economic contracts.

—Economic contracts that are concluded on the basis of delivery plan norms

need no approval.

—Those that are concluded outside delivery plan norms must be approved by

the director of the service concerned on behalf of the city.

—Those that are concluded with foreign countries must be approved by the

city people's committee or by its designated agent.

The parties signatory to economic contracts must have the status as legal

persons and are equal before the law. All violations of economic contracts

shall be dealt with in accordance with the economic contract system.

2. Economic arbitration organs are empowered to deal with violations of

economic contracts in accordance with established regulations.

3. The signing of economic contracts between state-run economic units must

follow the following sequence of planning:

—Economic contracts shall be signed on the basis of the guidance for formulating plans and defending them before the directly higher management organ.

—After plan norms are officially assigned, ".the parties signatory to economic

contracts shall readjust the contracts already concluded to suit the official

plan norms.

—While implementing their plans and carrying out economic contracts, enterprises may readjust the contracts already concluded or sign supplementary

economic contracts.

—The settlement and final accounting of economic contracts must be linked

closely with the final accounting of the plans.

II. Regulations on Economic Arbitration

4. [numbering as published] Economic arbitration organs are responsible for

correctly exercising their function of management over the economic contract

system and adjudicating controversies over or violations of economic contracts

with the aim of protecting the rights and legal interests of the parties

signatory to economic contracts and, through this, helping economic units

remove difficulties and fulfill the State Plan.

Economic arbitration organs must satisfactorily serve as the staff of the

people's committee in renovating the mechanism of economic management and

improving the economic contract system along the line of eliminating state

subsidies, guaranteeing the right of grass-roots units to autonomy, accelerating

production, and stabilizing distribution and circulation.

97
5. Economic contracts signed between units fully having the status of legal

persons shall, instead of being registered with the economic arbitration

organs, be forwarded to the economic arbitration organs at the corresponding

levels for information.

6. When conflicts over or violations of economic contracts cannot be settled

between the parties themselves, the economic arbitration organ shall, at the

request of either party, investigate and settle the matter in accordance with

the law on economic contracts. Parties violating contracts, in addition to

paying compensation for the damages caused by them, shall have to pay a fee

to the economic arbitration organ as determined by the city people's committee.

For conflicts over or violations of economic contracts that are not reported

by the parties concerned but discovered and dealt with by the economic arbitration organ, the economic arbitration organ shall be entitled to 10 percent of

the fine imposed on the violation of economic contracts and 1 percent of the

compensation paid for damages in connection with contract violations.

7. If the rulings of a competent economic arbitration organ are deemed

unsatisfactory, the parties concerned have the right to file an appeal to a

higher economic arbitrary organ. Pending a hearing on the appeal and a

decision by the higher arbitrary organ, the parties concerned must carry out

the rulings of the competent arbitration organ. The decision on the appeal

by the chairman of the city people's committee is final.

[signed] The City People's Committee

/9738

CSO: 4200/567

98
ECONOMIC VIETNAM

HANOI PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE ISSUES REGULATIONS ON EXPORTS

Hanoi HANOI MOI in Vietnamese 3 Apr 87 p 1

[Text] On 2 April the Municipal People's Committee issued temporary

regulations regarding the local production of export goods and the expansion

of service activities to earn foreign exchange. Their contents are as

follows:

Article 1: To meet the needs of the international organizations, foreign

guests, diplomatic delegations, overseas Vietnamese who have returned to

Vietnam, and people with foreign exchange, the state and collective economic

units, individual producers, and people engaged in the family economy may

enter into joint operations with UNIMEX in Hanoi, in accordance with the

principal of dividing profits in proportion to the contribution of capital, in

order to produce export goods locally and perform services to earn foreign

exchange, such as building or restoring houses, renting houses, interior

decorating, auto repair, the repair of electrical appliances and family

appliances, medical care, barbering, laundry, translation, publishing,

advertising, the supplying of consumer goods, the transportation of goods, and

travel services.

Article 2: Overseas Vietnamese and the economic organizations of the

Association of Vietnamese Living Abroad may contribute capital jointly with

the production installations and the municipal export-import corporation to

produce export goods and perform services to earn foreign exchange, in

accordance with the above-mentioned principles of contributing capital and

sharing profits. The municipality encourages Vietnamese living abroad to send

back to Vietnam the various kinds of production means (raw materials,

materials, equipment, machinery, and tools), to the family, person, relative,

or production installation with which they are cooperating, or to support the

city's people.

Article 3: UNIMEX Hanoi ,-is permitted to, via the Foreign Trade Service

Corporation (SERVICO), organize purchasing at stores at negotiated prices, or

may sell on consignment good3 sent from abroad by overseas Vietnamese, cadres,

workers and employees undergoing training, and workers working abroad, in

order to earn foreign exchange.

99
Article 4: The economic organizations and individuals (including Vietnamese

living abroad) participating in joint commercial operations or with goods for

UNIMEX to sell on consignment, after fulfilling currency remission obligations

and paying commissions (in the case of goods sold on consignment) are

authorized to use their remaining foreign exchange to buy goods, in accordance

with the current municipal regulations, at the stores of the SERVICO

Corporation. If they do not use that foreign exchange and deposit it with the

SERVICO Corporation, they will receive interest payments in foreign exchange

at a rate determined by the Foreign Trade Bank.

Article 5: The SERVICO Corporation is authorized to receive foreign exchange

from Vietnamese living abroad to purchase goods, or which they allow the

corporation to use when they return to their country of residence without

using all of it for their relatives.

5616

CSO: 4209/414

100
ECONOMIC VIETNAM

EXPORT-IMPORT CORPORATION SERVES ECONOMIC PROGRAMS

Hanoi HANOI MOI in Vietnamese 28 Mar 87 pp 3, 4

[Article by "Tr. Th.": "UNIMEX Plan Aims To Serve the Three Economic Programs

and the New Regulations"]

[Text] Editor's Note: Recently, during a brief conference with newspaper

correspondents, the Export-Import Federation Corporation (i.e.: UNIMEX)

revealed a number of things it intended to do to contribute to resolving the

municipality's two primary problems—employment and living conditions—and to

rapidly makethe regulations (encouraging production in the individual and

family sectors) part of life.

We have summarized the principal features below:

"In our view, the more we promote the production of consumer goods and export

goods, themore conditions we will have for providing employment for and

improving the living conditions of people with trade skills and the ability to

work.

"The promotion of export goods is one of our central, permanent tasks, one we

have carried out for years and are continuing to carry out. What is new is

that after the 'three major economic programs' and the municipality's two

central missions, we have the mission and responsibility of working with

greater effort and with more practical results.

"We also know that the members of handicraft cooperatives producing consumer

goods still make complaints. Frankly speaking, we are partly responsible

for those complaints. For example, at times wool, thread, and dye do not

arrive at the same time, which causes a cessation of production. With regard

to that deficiency, with a new way of thinking and working, the Federation

Corporation i3 making all-out efforts, along with the general corporations and

the units ordering the goods, to find ^ays to overcome those problems*

However, there are also complaints about contracted prices and tax levels,

especially the tax on commercial income. It has been reported that the taxes

and fund deductions account for 48 percent of the labor fee paid for a

contracted-output product. At that level, if the ordering unit paid an

additional dong per product, the producer would receive only 0.52 dong. As

for low contracted-out prices, they do not result entirely from low original

101
prices recorded in the proposal, but because there was 'slippage' between the

time when the prices were set and the time when they were approved, and

between then and the time theywere put into effect there was additional

"'slippage.' Thus at first the prices were rational but by the time they were

applied they had become irrational.

"Overcoming the problem of incomplete shipments and the tardiness of raw

materials shipments, as stated above, is our responsibility, but resolving

the problems of payments for contracted-out good and of prices is within the

competence of other organs of other sectors. In order to contribute to

promoting the production of consumer goods and export goods, we hope to have

complete measures and policies to overcome the difficulties regarding

contracted-out prices and prices.

"As for the effect on production, in accordance with the municipality's plan

we are helping the relevant produciton installations import modern assembly

lines to produce rady-made clothing, hats, and shoes to serve the production

of export goods. We also have a plan to provide additional equipment to the

knitting sector to contribute to improving the quality of export goods and

domestically consumed consumer goods produced by that sector. In addition,

we have provided garlic-processing equipment to further improve quality and

efficiency in processing garlic for export."

The municipality has made a series of new decisions to encourage production

the individual and family sectors.

We are holding collective discussions and soliciting the opinions of a number

of other sectors to contibute to making those regulations part of^ life.

However, one thing that we can do immediately is to expand selling on

consignment, especially high-grade artistic goods, in order to earn foreign

exchange. That was done in the past, to a limited degree, but now must be

promoted and encouraged to a greater degree. Encouragement in this case is

encouraging people to use foreign exchange once they have earned it by selling

goods on consignment. In the past, according to the old system, after selling

goods on consignment the person had to use the foreign exchange to purchase

raw materials, but we have recommended to the municipal government that in

addition to purchasing raw materials they be allowed to but some goods at

INTERSHOP (where goods are sold on consignment).

"While on the subject of high-level artistic goods, we should also mention the

plan for UNIMEX to produce artistic goods jointly with the relevant sectors.

Why? Because the artistic goods produced by our city are still limited

with regard to quality. For example, a laquerware case is attractively

painted and hasam attractive design, but it has had bad hinges, which

considerably reduces its value. In such joint production, contribute skills,

art, and techiques, while UNIMEX will invest high-level raw materials and

modern equipment to enable the product to compete not only on socialist

markets but also on capitalist markets."

5616

CSO: 4209/414

102
ECONOMIC VIETNAM

HAI PHONG PRODUCTION INCENTIVE POUCIES EXPLAINED

Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 21 Mar 87 pp 1, 4

[Text] The Hai Phong Municipal People's COmraittee recently issued a number of

temporary regulations to encourage the economic components to develop

production.

With regard to the state economic component, the local state enterprises

producing consumer goods from raw materials obtained by the enterprise must

observe a number of principles. The goods produced must be made from raw

materials provided by the enterprise, and not from materials provided by the

state. After registering with the upper-echelon management organ to produce

a product, the enterprises must draft a supplementary plan, in addition to its

primary production plan. If its primary production plan is not fulfilled, the

enterprise must shift the output of the supplementary plan to the primary

production plan. The enterprise must register its product quality and be

approved by the competent echelon. It must implement economic accounting and

have clear settling of accounts. The enterprises producing by using materials

and raws materials obtained from four sources—the full utilization of scrap

materials, locally obtained raw materials, raw materials obtained via economic

alliances, or materials imported by exercising the enterprise's right to use

foreign exchange—have the right to invest additional material-technical bases

and other production conditions by using the enterprise's internal capital.

When necessary, the enterprise may borrow capital from the bank, or borrow

capital from the cadres, workers, and civil servants on a voluntary basis and

with legal paperwork. If the enterprise needs to borrow capital (including

cash) to organize the production of consumer goods from raw materials it

obtains, the bank will lend it the capital at the interest rate of 1.44

percent a month. The bank guarantees the necessary amount of cash to fulfill

the consumer goods production plan registered by the enterprise, in accordance

with the principle of the amount of income (including the part turned over to

state commerce and the part sold by the enterprise itself) being higher than

the amount of money initially invested. In order to ensure normal and fair

relationships, every month the enterprise makes a payment ot the bank. The

enterprise may keep 10 to 25 percent of the products it produces (depending on

the product, with the approval of the upper echelon) to form a fund of goods

to exchange for materials and form economic alliances.

103
Accounting and the recording of production expenses must be accomplished by

using separate books for each product which are independent of the accounting

document system of the primary products. There must be full accounting of

expenses in production costs in accordance with the stipulated accounting

items. Money to pay salaries to workers, and meet the other expenses, is

obtained from the sale of goods. The prices of products are determined as

follows: if the product falls within the state price framework or the retail

prices of the commerical organ, the industrial wholesale price of the product

is equal to the retail price minus commercial depreciation. In the case of a

new product that has not yet been put on the market, or a product not managed

by the state, the enterprise has the right to set prices. When calculating

prices it is necessary to fully take into consideration all expenses, profits,

and state taxes. With regard to products produced jointly by enterprises,

there must be fair transactions in accordance with economic contracts. Each

side must include all expenses in its prices. The enterprises are responsible

for turning over to the state 30 percent of their profits from products listed

in the state plan, and 15 percent of the profits from products not included in

the list of goods managed by the state. The remaining profits are divided as

follows: 30 percent to develop production and 70 percent to be distributed by

the enterprise director and trade union for bonuses and enterprise welfare

funds. The enterprises are authorized to buy and sell designs and to sign

contracts to utilize the knowledge and ability of the scientific-technical

cadres, skilled workers, and management cadres, inside or outside the

enterprise, with legal paperwork and negotiated procedures. The enterprise

has the right and obligation to reward researchers and originators of

technical solutions which result in the creation of new products or improved

product quality which bring about economic benefits. Such bonuses are paid

from the 70 percent of the profits kept by the enterprise. The ratio of the

bonuses is 20 to 30 percent of the resulting profit. The bonuses may be paid

over a period of 2 years.

With regard to the family econmy and the individual economy, the municipality

recently promulgated temporary regulations regarding the organization of

management which clearly designate the sectors and trades to be encouraged and

protected by the state, such as animal husbandry, cultivation, the catching

and processing of aquatic products, and the contracted production of consumer

goods and export goods for the state and collective economic sectors,

including products made from primary materials and raw materials or by using

scrap materials and waste materials, such as steel, wood, rattan, and bamboo

items, toys, school supplies, construction materials, traditional artistic

handicrafts, and hand tools. It encourages the production of new products,

products produces from raw materials obtained locally or elesewhere in the

country, or by using scrap materials and raw materials in place of imported

materials and raw materials.

With regard to management, the people's committees of subwards and villages,

the echelon which exercises direct administrative-economic management of the

private and family economies in the locality. The municipal, ward, and

district planning committees, on the basis of the production plans of the

family and individual economic units that have been approved and balanced in

the over-all annual plans, with steps being taken to assist them. The wards

and districts guide the individuals in using marshes, ponds, and wasteland to

104
develop production and pay taxes in accorance with municipal regulations. The

workers in private family production units are family members (parents, wives,

husbands, and siblings who must support children or grandchildren). A maximum

of 10 workers may be hired. The ward of district people's committee must

authorize the employemnt of more than 10 workers, in accordance with the

guidance of the municipal people's committee. The means of production are

owned by the producer. The producer is allowed to open production and

commercial accounts at the bank and may borrow capital from any bank in the

municipality, or take on capital-contributing shareholders. The private

businessmen and family economic units may sign production and service

contracts with customers, with guidance by the functional organs with regard

to | paperwork, and may sign contracts to do contracted-out work for the state

an4 collective economic units. With regard to traditional goods and export

goods, the municipality will issue specific regulations and give priority with

reard to materials, energy, tools, and conditions for developing production.

People who produce export goods have the right to use foreign exchange. It is

xorbidden to produce counterfeit goods or goods other people have registered

to produce.

The products of the individual and family economic units are purchased by the

state commercial unit or marketing cooperative which as signed a marketing

contract, in accordance with the principle of equality and fairness with

regard to prices, materials, and payment for products, under the supervision

of state economic arbitrators. Products produced outside the contracts are

sold to consumers at negotiated prices.

The individual and family economic units may sign contracts with the

collective production sector to be supplied electricity and water, may receive

from relatives abroad foreign exchange, materials, machinery, and equipment to

serve production, with no limitations with regard to quantity, and receive

priority in tax exemptions or reductions, in accordance with the common

policies of the state. Products produced from scrap materials are taxed at a

rate 40 to 50 percent less than products produced from primary raw materials.

Product models and products to be exhibited are exempted from taxes. New

products, and products requiring large amounts of investment capital and

equipment, are exempted from taxes for between 6 months and 1 year. Families

who work part-time to increase their incomes are exempted from all taxes.

With regard to contract labor, it may be used in the organs and enterprises in

accordance with the principle of contract workers receiving the same benefits

as workers and civil servants who are regular state employees. To make up

for differences regarding grain and food products, in the case of long-range

contract employees, the enterprise may use its undistributed funds, and when

balancing its books at the end of the year the enterprise may deduct such

payments from its profits.

5616

CSO: 4309/435

105
ECONOMIC VIETNM

HANOI STRIVES TO REDUCE POPULATION GROWTH RATE

Hanoi HANOI MOI in Vietnamese 17 Mar 87 p 17

[Text] On 6 March the municipality held a conference to recapitulate the

population and family planning work in 1986 and begin the 1987 plan and the

plan for the period from the present to 1990. Delegations from 15wards,

districts, and cities (except for Tu Liem District) attended the conference.

Comrade Nghiem Chuong Chau, chairman of the Population and Family Planning

Committee read a report which stated that in 1986 the population growth rate

in the municipality was between 1.55 and 1.60 percent (in 1985 it was 1.7

percent), 73.7 percent of the women giving birth were having their second

child (in 1985 the figure was 77.8 percent), and the ratio of women giving

birth to three or more chidren declined by 2.5 percent in comparison to the

previous year. In the four wards, 70 percent of the people practiced birth

control, so the population growth rate was low (under 1.3 percent), and only a

very small percentage of the women having three or more children was very low

(between 4.5 and 6.2 percent).

Last year the Population and Family Planning Committee cooperated closely with

the youth, women's, trade union, and other sectors in extensively

propagandizing the population and family planning program in many rxch forms,

while also cooperating with the scientific sectors in carrying out technical

research to serve that work. Although the population and family planning work

did not attain the desired results last year (the plan norm regarding the

birth rate was 2 percent but the actual result was 2.06 percent, and the

population growth norm was only about equal to the plan norm), seven wards,

districts, and cities in the municipality—Hai Ba Trung, Dong Da, Ba Dinh,

Hoan Kiem, Gia Lam, Thanh Tri, and Son Tay—did an outstanding job of carryxng

out that work. Those units were awarded banners by the municipality. In that

campaign 192 subwards and villages attained a population growth rate of 1.5

percent and 196 organs and enterprises in which no one gave birth to a third

child received letters of commendation.

Theconference announced population and family planning programs and plans for

10987 and for the period between now and 1990. This year the municipal plan

calls for reducing the population growth rate to 1.5 percent, which will

continue to gradually fall until it reaches 1.2 percent in 1990. In order to

106
attain those goals the municipality requests the echelons and sectors to,

along with the ba3ic level, fulfill the following basic requirements:

The population-family planning guidance committees of the wards, districts,

and cities must rely to each basic unit within their sphere of responsibility

all stands, policies and plans assigned by the municipality.

Continually organizing inspection and supervision of the subwards, villages,

organs, and enterprises with regard to implementing a strict and fair system

of rewards and punishments.

Continuing to make recomemndations toward supplementing and amending the

stipulations and systems so that they can be appropriate to the actual

situation, in order to encourage the people, the localities, the sectors, and

the mass organizations to carry out well the population and family planning

work.

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CSO: 4209/411

107
ECONOMIC VIETNAM vj.Qi«iui

DEVELOPMENT OF SHORT-TERM VOCATIONAL TRAINING URGED

Hanoi HANOI MOI in Vietnamese 19 Mar 87 p 2

[Article by "D.T.": "Strongly Develop Short-Term Vocational Training To

Develop Production Forces and Services in Hanoi"]

[Text] In recent years the municipality has paid attention to and

increasingly developed short-term vocational training. From the experimental

vocational training center in Hoan Kiem Ward (1983), then at Gia Lam, Hai Ba,

Soc Son, etc., by 1986 there were 14 ward and district vocational training

centers (except for Dong Da Ward, Hoax Due District, and Me Linh District,

which have not yet opened vocational training centers). Those vocational

training centers have taught 38 trades to 3,854 pepole, primarily for the

collective and family economic sectors.

Only the vocational training center of Hoan Kiem Ward is still fulfilling the

experimental function of encouraging and managing the private vocational

training classes. In 1985 thirty people who registered to hold classes taught

1,250 people trades, and in 1986 taught 1,404 people, more than double the

number of people studying in concentrated vocational training classes. That

method still has much potential and must continue to be encouraged. There is

also a very large number of vocational shcools and production installations in

Hanoi (44 vocational schools, 1,300 enterprises, etc.). If all of those

organizations hold vocational training classes (such as the Kham Thien

tailoring school which trained 906 people in 1986 in addition to training

people in accordance with the plan norm, and Industrial Trade School No 2,

which trained hundreds of people to repair electrical household appliances, TV

sets, etc., beyond the plan norm), the capability to develop short-term

vocational training would be even greater.

At present, in Hanoi there are about 56,000 people who have completed general

school, returned after completing their military service, etc., who are in

need of vocational training so that they can participate in production. If

the vocational training centers, and the organizations and individuals

capable of doing so hold vocational training classes and trade apprenticeships

to develop production and service forces, Hanoi would be entirely capable of

eliminating "vocational illiteracy" at an early date and doing a good job of

using the large numbers of young, well-educated workers to develop production

and services, especially in the collective and family economic sectors, in

accordance with local economic-social development plans. The present

temporary regulations on organizing private vocational training and

apprenticeships have been amended in order to attain the above goals.

5616

CSO: 4209/411 108
ECONOMIC VIETNAM

REORGANIZATION OF COLLEGE SYSTEM TO BOOST ECONOMY PROPOSED

Hanoi DAI DOAN KET in Vietnamese 1 Mar 87 pp 4, 5

[Article by Professor Ly Hoa, president of Ho Chi Minh City University:

"Some New Thoughts on College Education"]

[Text] Over the years, college education in our country has registered

great achievements. The force made up of scientific and technical cadres

having graduate and postgraduate degrees has striven hard to make an

important contribution to our common success in building and defending the

fatherland.

However, because of the need to look at the truth and speak the truth, we

must say that college education is being faced with the following serious

difficulties and contradictions:

1. Compared with many countries in the world, our people do not yet have

a high educational level. Persons having college degrees account for a

too low percentage of the total population and this precentage becomes

much lower in the remote provinces of South Vietnam and the highlands.

Moreover, too many of the scientific and technical cadres available are

concentrated in centrally-run agencies and certain provinces and cities.

In conjunction with shortcomings of the management apparatus, this serious

surplus and shortage has limited the ability of this corps of cadres to

serve socioeconomic goals.

2. Throughout our country, there are about 100 colleges and advanced

schools which constitute a great potential of gray matter. However, the

yearly duty of each of them is only to train an additional number of

cadres to meet a low norm which is set by the state and which is now

tending to decrease. Meanwhile, in view of the urgent requirements of

daily life and national construction, too many cadres and laborers and

their offsprings are demanding that their need to learn be met and their

standard of knowledge be improved. In answer to this ardent aspiration,

the schools have tightly shut their doors by means of a strong lock

symbolized by the "bureaucratic centralism and state subsidies" system.

3. Because of our underdeveloped economy, the possibility of investing

in education in general, and in college training in particular, is very

109
limited. This economic situation has allowed us to meet only 20 percent

of the minimum requirements of teaching and learning so that schools are

no longer able to make in-depth investments, which is directly affecting

the quality of training at the present time and wxll prove harmful to the

long-term common cause.

In our opinion, the reason for the above-mentioned difficulties and

contradictions is the failure to correlate education and training with

socioeconomic development and to thoroughly apply the "consider the people

to be the foundation" concept in providing education and training.

In the area of education and training, it is thus necessary to quickly

change the thinking method in order to find adequate measures suitable

to the actual socioeconomic situation of our country so as to positively

contribute to the revolutionary development during the new stage.

The political report of the Central Committee to the Sixth Congress

proposes a highly important education policy which consists in implementing

the uniformity of the education process, including diverse forms of

standard, nonstandard, concentrated, and on-the-job training and advanced

training." It follows that the college education system must be updated

widened, and uniformly operated and rationally adjusted in accordance with

actual requirements.

We would like to present the following two preliminary views:

1. Need to Broaden Training To Serve a Composite Economy

Because of the presence of many components in our country's economy

throughout the transitional period, conditions must be created for all

of these economic components to develop under the leadership and control

of the state economic sector. An exact determination of economic components

will lead to an accurate definition of college education goals.

We have for long equated college training with cadres' training, which

means that college training aims merely at providing personnel for the

leading and management apparatus and for the state economic sector. The

new economic concept requires that these cadres be employed extensively

in the numerous forms of economic components—especially state economy,

collective economy, household economy, and the economic segment which

produces goods on a small scale.

To meet these requirements, we deem it necessary to develop strongly and

uniformly both standard and nonstandard training in many colleges.

A. Standard college education being the national standard system, measures

must be taken to enhance its qualitative criterion to enable it to play

the role of a backbone for the remaining forms of training. To this end,

we propose the following measures:

-Recruitment of students for the standard system must be improved to

ensure that really bright ones are chosen to meet the need to tram talented

110
Citizens to serve the country. To give priority to the objectives of

various policies and sectors, more rational measures must be taken, such

as setting up an extensive precollege network on a larger scale and

organizing training in the last 2 years of general education at colleges

and so on in order to heighten the students' standard of knowledge before

their entrance to colleges. In view of the pressing need of some localities

for scientific and technical cadres, local colleges in provinces, cities,

or interprovinces must be strengthened and vigorously developed to provide

training to meet the immediate requirements of these localities.

-On completion of each training course, the state will choose only the

outstanding bright graduates and assign them to important agencies and key

socioeconomic programs and will allow the remainder to seek employment

on their own and to adjust themselves to various fields of activity in

society. Moreover, any job that is performed with high productivity in

accordance with the party policy must be appreciated with the conclusion

that training has proven effective, and any job that is performed

effectively for the benefit of society must be considered commensurate

with the training level. Any contribution made must be evaluated with

equity no matter whether its author is a member of the state personnel or

not.

-College training aims to inculcate a thinking and practicing method so

that colleges can give students only an extensive knowledge of science

and technology which is merely the inceptive stage of the protracted

study process to be conducted by each of them while carrying out practical

activities. For a long time now, we have compelled college graduates to

undergo a 2-year period of probation and practice before issuing diplomas

to them and putting them on the state payrolls. Their working careers

are reckoned only from the day they become state employees. Such a treatment is undemocratic for these persons who have spent many years of hardships in study and in their own livelihood under the overall management

of their schools. For this reason and in addition to innovations in the

training method, we suggest that diplomas be issued immediately after the

students pass the graduation examinations, and that if it is necessary to

put them on the state payrolls, this action be taken in the same manner

as that applied to other ordinary workers—that is, it be considered

6 months after the work contract has been signed. The employing agencies

have the duty to improve the young cadres by assigning practical jobs to

them so that they may quickly work in a stable and independent manner and

develop their professional skills.

B. Nonstandard college education is a system which is asymptotic to the

qualitative criterion and which includes many form of learning (during offhours, at school, by correspondence, through radio and television programs,

etc)- This system is a vast and variegated form of education which will

help to enhance the people's standard of knowledge and will continuously

change and adapt to the continuously changing and innovative society.

Based on the nonstandard training pilot projects conducted by the university

right at the campus, in two precincts of Ho Chi Minh City, and in one

district in Tay Ninh, we can make the following remarks:

111
-Cadres and laborers in Ho Chi Minh City and the neighboring provinces have

warmly welcomed the versatile and flexible method of organizing training on

the basis of credit courses which is convenient to students and which

allows them to take the initiative (with the result that the number of

applicants is several times larger than the estimated figure of 4,000

prospective students).

-The planned training theme deals mostly with practical application and

is divided into two phases: On completion of the first (general) phase

and ^authorized by'the higher level, the student may shift to the study

of technical and management in the standard education system at another

school.

-Students must pay tuition fees (which will be either exempted or reduced

if they are wounded soldiers or children of fallen heroes. The result

of the examination on completion of each credit course will be certified

and accruS (throughout 16-18 credit courses). Schools are not responsible

tor tne job assignment of graduates. If no job is available to them the

graduates may apply (or continue study in order to be able to apply) for

the positions of workers, cooperative members, secretaries, vehicle

operators, etc., who are holders of a college degree.

-The availability of nonstandard college education has had a positive

effect on the overall development of the standard education offered by

colleges.

Students who opt for the nonstandard education system (which includes

evening courses, continuous courses without Sundays and summer vacation,

tuition-paid courses( must thus work persistently to attain a college

degree similar to that conferred by the standard college system. To

stimulate this eagerness to study, we suggest that the academxc titles

obtained by nonstandard college graduates be recognized and confirmed and

that regulations be promulgated on the transfer of students between the

standard and nonstandard education system.

2. Problem of Organizing the College Network

This problem must be solved first to increase the effectiveness of the

training and posttraining period. There are now many small and poor

colleges whose management depends a great deal on the Ministry of Education.

Each of these colleges is trying to develop comprehensively on their own

by applying the "jackfruit tactic"--that is, they have all kinds of things,

each kind has a pointed end, and the pointed ends project equally in all

directions so that no spearhead effect can be felt from any area. This

dispersion of efforts is the root cause of low training efficiency because

it hampers the development of the corps of skillful teachers as well as

the expansion of precious and still badly insufficient equipment.

It is a matter of common knowledge that science and technology have become

a directly productive force in the present era. The interval between

112
scientific discoveries and technical inventions and production is narrowing

down continuously. Industrial science is the creative sphere of the gray

matter which combines science and technology with production and which

illustrates the unification of fundamental and applied sciences at a high

level. Under these circumstances, college training must not be confined

to any one special field but, more importantly, must provide interdepartmental training.

Consequently, we must not separate basic science training (which is the

goal of our universities) from applied science training (which is the goal

of our technical and specialized colleges). Of course, because of their

historic and traditional character, some colleges must preserve their

longstanding independence and continue to develop uniformly in all areas

of scientific training and research at both the basic and applied science

level while the remaining colleges must be reorganized according to more

advanced models. We think it necessary to concentrate efforts to found

large, combined multidepartmental colleges and industrial colleges on the

same scale as those already existing throughout the world.

That is the only way for these large colleges to become strong enough to

implement industrial regulations in providing optimum college training for

the benefit of the country and to continuously develop training to

heighten the standard of knowledge of college graduates and specialized

technical workers.

We are convinced that despite numerous difficulties and shortcomings but

thanks to the progressive and eminent nature of the socialist education

system and by complying with the high level's directive on innovations,

all colleges will try by all means to move forward to keep abreast of

the progressive tendencies in the present era and to meet the pressing

basic needs of our country.

9332/9190

CSO: 4209/363

113
ECONOMIC VIETNAM

NEED SEEN FOR PRESERVATION OF NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Hanoi DAI DOAN KET in Vietnamese 1 Mar 87 p 7

[Article by To Dinh Hai, overseas Vietnamese residing in the FRG:

"Feelings of an Absentee"]

[Text] Human memory is a wonderful faculty.

When leaving Hanoi, I was only 6 years old. However, 26 years later when

I returned to my country to revisit my former house on a night unlit by

either moonlight or electric lamps (because power was cut off in the

entire ward), and as I was standing in suspense in the dark, the image

of the house where I lived in my childhood suddenly reappeared from the

remote past. In light of the night stars, I clearly saw myself and my

elder sister and youngest aunt putting firecrackers in a slit of the gate

and using jossticks to kindle the fuses to celebrate the Tet holidays of

that faraway year.

Back to realities, I returned to my hotel but the doors were all closed.

So I quickened my steps tox^ard the lake with the intention of xraiting

until dawn. Because I had experienced no trouble spending sleepless nights

on the shore of Lake Geneva and under the Seine bridges, I did not expect

that back home and sitting at this place for only a short while, I would

be bothered by flights of mosquitoes and by gusts of northern wind which

made me shiver with cold so that I had to rise and walk away to warm up.

Then I strolled about the streets to have an idea of how the Hanoi people

slept. The streets were deserted and a weak light filtered through door

slits and window lattices. I relived the sentiments of musician Nguyen

Van Thuong as expressed long ago in his song "Winter Night," but x^e are

nox<r in the last years of the 20th century. Coming to the suburbs, I was

startled to see people sleeping on sidewalks. Not only adults but children

also were lying, curled up and rolling themselves in thin rush-mats.

As I was stunned by pity, it dawned on me that while I—a person returning

from foreign countries xcLth a cold climate and wearing woolen clothes—

could hardly withstand the cold here for only 1 hour—these families had

been sleeping on these sidewalks for so many nights, especially when the

Tet holidays were drawing near.

I felt so uneasy about this sight that the next day, during my meeting

with members of the Committee for Overseas Vietnamese, I asked them about

114
this incident and was told that this situation resulted from the arrival

in the city of too many compatriots who left their provinces which had

been devastated by natural calamities at a time when the national economy

was fraught with difficulties.

In the afternoon of the same day, as I was walking together with a rather

plump overseas Vietnamese friend in a street adjacent to a market, I

suddenly heard some words directed at us in a belittling, mocking tone

which wrung my heart. Well now! This is the way someone looked at the

overseas Vietnamese! I was very sad but not the least angry at the person

who uttered these words. Because my compatriots had been living so

miserably, how could they refrain from venting their spleen on innocent

victims?

How could that person understand the sentiments of people like my friends

and me in the overseas Vietnamese movement? How could that person know

that during the anti-U.S. resistance, my friends and I quickly freed

ourselves from the Saigon regime and from our families' influence and

interrupted our schooltime to struggle and build a patriotic movement,

that after the liberation day, we helped one another complete our studies

according to the concept that being good students is tantamount to being

patriots, and that at present we are always looking forward toward our

fatherland and keeping track of every development in its situation while

continuously improving our professional skills and waiting for an occasion

to go home to contribute our shares? Today our contributions have helped

to brighten some aspects of the situation, which proves that the overseas

Vietnamese are not conceited and boastful people who only want to hold

high positions. Such a way of looking at compatriots living far from the

fatherland is very regrettable. Likewise, it is even more wrong to

consider people who left the country under various circumstances as bad

elements and even traitors. Except for a minority who show opposition

and will never want to return to revisit the country, who among all the

remaining overseas Vietnamese does not miss his homeland and does not hope

that his native country will soon grow rich and strong so that his own

relatives back home may live a comfortable and happy life?

I began this article by telling about a personal remembrance mainly to

demonstrate the wonderful power of human memory which does not fade out

with the passage of time. For people living in a foreign land for many

years, nothing is more precious than the past memories which they treasure

so much and which they sometimes think back on to solace themselves.

Therefore, whenever they have an occasion to revisit their homeland for

a short period, they will fully use their time and senses to record

quickly the way of life in their country, and will then depart, carrying

away the images and sounds which have been imprinted oi^ their memory or

recorded on photographic films and magnetic audiotapes.

Such are the feelings of the overseas Vietnamese in general. I have not

yet spoken of the good intentions and ideals of many of them about

rendering service and making manifold contributions to their country.

Therefore, instead of being narrowminded and entertaining preconceived

115
ideas against the overseas Vietnamese, it is necessary to respect their

sacred feelings about their homeland, to create all favorable conditions

for many of them to revisit their country to strengthen their attachment

to it and to their relatives still living at home, and, through this

channel, to receive their contributions to national construction in the

forms of money, material wealth, experiences, and intellect. I entirely

devoted my current visit to my country during the Tet holidays to collecting

data on the culture, daily activities, and images of my country as well

as on people who serve the overseas Vietnamese needs, and also to making

our country known to foreign friends.

The overseas Vietnamese communities have the vital need to preserve their

national characteristics in order to determine their position in foreign

countries, first for themselves and then for the future generations of

their offspring. Their longing and respect for national cultural traditions are stronger wherever the risk of. losing their culture is greater.

Only when something has been lost or is about to be lost will its precious

value be appreciated while it does not receive any attention from many

people at home, just as we breath air every day but do not realize how

necessary it is to life.

During the homeward flight with many young Vietnamese friends who had

gone to Eastern Europe to work as apprentices, I observed their lifestyle

and the attitude of foreign friends and noticed that these friends no

longer looked at me in the same manner as in the past. Then, on arrival

in my country, I also sadly noticed that many precious traditions and

cultural assets are no longer developed because of economic difficultues.

Standing on top of the Dong Da Hill on occasion of a traditional

festival, I remembered King Qüang Trung. Today, while walking the flowerplanting village of Tay Ho, I remembered Nguyen Trai, our national hero

who once "indelibly marked an era" with his complete loyalty and devotion

to our people and country. I also remembered his struggle against^the

bootlicking eunuchs and realized all the more clearly the scholars

responsibilities in the present era.

We are resolved to be the worthy offspring of Quang Trung and Nguyen Trai.

We pledge to always improve our talents and skills and to think, speak,

and act boldly to contribute to national construction and renovation.

9332/9190

CSO: 4209/363

116
ECONOMIC VIETNAM

METHODS TO OVERCOME GRAIN OUTPUT SHORTFALL DISCUSSED

Hanoi HANOI MOI in Vietnamese ZZ Mar 87 pp 1, .4

[Article: "Municipal Agricultural Sector Discusses Measures To Overcome the

Grain Output Shortfall During the 1987 Fifth Month-Spring Season"]

[Text] During this year's fifth month-spring season, although steps were

taken to resolve the problems of over-mature rice seedlings, hollow rice, and

too-rapid early gorwth, which affected rice yield and output, the development

of the fifth month-spring rice and a number of subsidiary food crops are still

sources of worry. To overcome that situation, the municipal agricultural

sector promptly met with the districts to find ways to resolve the grain

problem. Specifically:

During the fifth month-spring season more than 10,000 hectares of rice headed

early and because it could be uprooted and replanted it had to be treated on

the spot. With regard to the rice on land that was too low-lying, to harvest

it at the end of April, rice plants that are too tall may be cut down and the

rest tended and fertilized with greater intensity to prolong their growth

period.

Level fields may be planted in quickly maturing summer-fall soybeans.

\

On high-elevation fields which receive water irregularly, a soybean crop may

grown, after which fall corn may be planted to ensure a successful crop.

With regard to the'10th month rice crop, all-out efforts must be made to

achieve a high degree of intensive cultivation on level fields with

controllable water,\ limit damage caused by insects, diseases, heat, and

drought, and attain high yields. The low-lying fields may be planted in heatresistant varieties, and the fields which are too low-lying and produce poor

crops every year may be used to raise fish on grow sesbania.

In addition to the technical measures it is necessary to carry out the work

entirely in accordance with technical regulations, the specific variety, and

the type of land, and to intensify the prevention and elimination of insects

and diseases, and stop and promptly eliminate the infestations so that they

will not spread over a large area. It is necessary to pay attention to the

following:

117
With regard to management, the districts must be concerned with assisting the

weak and deficient cooperatives in organizing management, distributing income

during the spring season, and in specific aspects of production management

during the 10th month, summer-fall, and winter seasons. Of the five essential

elements, the cooperatives must assume responsibility for seeds and a number

of other key aspects.

Withr regard to policies, so that the peasants can be at ease in production

and to ensure enough to eat during the interseasonal months, we recommend

that the municipality temporarily delay the collection of rice taxes,

irrigation fees, and tractor fees during the winter-spring season and

calculate rational plan norms for mobilizing grain in each district during

that season within the area in which there was a shortfall of 30,000 tons of

spring rice. But we also recommend that during the following season only the

remaining taxes and the rice contracted for by two-way contracts be collected,

and that the rest of the rice be sold at negotiated prices.

With regard to the peasants, there must be specific policies toward crops for

which there is great export demand, such as soybeans, peanuts, etc.

The state purchasing and supply organs must settle the previous seasons'

accounts with the peasants fairly, while also signing new contracts with the

peasants at the beginning of the season and having a plan to provide

materials, seeds, and capital in advance, to avoid the situation of not going

to the cooperatives until harvest time.

We recommend that policies toward the areas affected by natural disasters be

adopted in a timely manner.

5616

CSO: 4209/411

118
ECONOMIC VIETNAM

VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE INSERTION IN MICROCOMPUTERS REPORTED

Hanoi DAI DOAN KET in Vietnamese 1 Mar 87 p 7

[Article by Tran Viet Xuan, Vietnamese resident in the United States:

"Maturity of Information Science Team in Our Country"]

[Text] It took the information science team of our country only 3 years

to mature and reach the international level. As an information science

specialist returning home from the United States, I attended a symposium

held by the State Science and Technology Commission on the use of

Vietnamese document-processing systems in microcomputers. With great

joy and surprise, I found that the male and female cadres of the information science sector in our country have progressed rapidly and scored

fine achievements.

Over 10 Vietnamese document-processing sets have been used in IBM-PC

microcomputers and this task has been done by scientists in Hanoi, Ho

Chi Minh City, and foreign countries. The insertion of the Vietnamese

language in microcomputers has demonstrated the urgent need to apply

the information science to assist all aspects of the managerial task.

Over 300 representatives of the information science sector in all regions

attended the symposium. They enthusiastically reported on their creative

projects and the result of their researches and exchanged experiences in

inserting the Vietnamese language in systems such as the "VNEDIT,"

"BUT TRE," "BAMBOO," and "SOBICHOVI" as well as those belonging to the

Sidney College Library, the Ho Chi Minh City Polytechnic College, and so on.

It must be noted that the symposium preparatory committee of the State

Science and Technology Commission worked hard, correlated all expressed

views, and let the symposium to great success.

Though this is only the first symposium on the insertion of Vietnamese

language in microcomputers, I believe that it will have a great effect on ,

the corps of intellectuals engaged in the information science. This will

be a natural effect of the information science sector based on an

"extensive network in which our country will be member of the entire

progressive world."

9332/9190

CSO: 4209/363 119
VIETNAM ECONOMIC

BRIEFS

GOLD, SILVER CORPORATION ACTIVITIES—After the issuance of the regulation

of the Municipal Bank the buying and selling of gold at Store No 1 (Dinh Tien

Hoang Street) of the Gold and Silver Corporation increased noticeably.

Previously, the number of customers there was small, but now an average of 150

customers a day go there to buy or sell, or to have the store weigh or test

their gold. In the spirit of the regulation, the bank employees do everything

possible to helop the customers buy gold at the daily market price. Among the

customers, some are Vietnamese living abroad who sell leaf gold for money,

which they give to relatives, while most of the other customers are people who

sell two or three tenths of a tael of gold at a time. Most of them sell gold

to build a house or to get into business or production. In meet the needs of

buying and selling, the Gold and Silver Corporaption is restoring the gold and

silver store in Son Tay. On 24 March Store No 1 sent a mobile purchasing team

to Ba Vi. [Text] [Hanoi HANOI MOI in Vietnamese 25 Mar 87 p 1] 5616

CONTINUED GOODS CONFISCATIONS—In its 21 March 1987 issue the newspaper HANOI

MOI published an article which criticized the control station on the Gia Lam

side of the Long Bien bridge for "continuing to inspect and confiscate goods."

At 1400 on the following day the district people's committee convened an

urgent meeting to review the contents of that article. On 23 March 1987 the

district people's committee held another meeting to discipline cadres and

personnel who committed errors. The standing committee of the distirct

people's committee strictly analyzed the effects of lax leadership which

resulted in those regrettable errors, and issued a decision dismissing the

deputy head of the market management unit and two employees in order to setan

example and apply strict discipline. The district people'3 committee strictly

disciplined the cadres and workers who committed violations, while also making

an announcement on the district radio network to inform the people. [Text]

[Hanoi HANOI MOI in Vietnamese 25 Mar 87 p 1] 5616

JAPANESE BUSINESS INTEREST IN VIETNAM—Japanese businessmen are paying evergreater attention to widening relationships with Vietnam. The paper SAIGON

GIAI PHONG—SAIGON LIBERATION—published In Ho Chi Minh City quoted Prof (Nio),

a specialist on Vietnam, as saying that Japanese businessmen consider Vie-nam

a market full of prospects. Vietnam's new policies are attractive to

Japanese businessmen, he said. [Text] [Hanoi International Service in English

aOOO GMT 16 May 87 BK] /9738

CSO: 4200/567 END

120
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