ii 

Notice

 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and 

Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under our contract 

No. 68-C-00-186 to Environmental Quality Management, Inc. It has been subjected to the 

Agency’s peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA 

document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or 

recommendation for use. 
iii 

Foreword

 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged by Congress with 

protecting the Nation’s land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national 

environmental laws, the Agency strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a 

compatible balance between human activities and the ability of natural systems to support and 

nurture life. To meet this mandate, EPA’s research program is providing data and technical 

support for solving environmental problems today and building a science knowledge base 

necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our 

health, and prevent or reduce environmental risks in the future. 

 The National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) is the Agency’s center 

for investigation of technological and management approaches for preventing and reducing risks 

from pollution that threaten human health and the environment. The focus of the Laboratory’s 

research program is on methods and their cost-effectiveness for prevention and control of 

pollution to air, land, water, and subsurface resources; protection of water quality in public water 

systems; remediation of contaminated sites, sediments and ground water; prevention and control 

of indoor air pollution; and restoration of ecosystems. NRMRL collaborates with both public 

and private sector partners to foster technologies that reduce the cost of compliance and to 

anticipate emerging problems. NRMRL’s research provides solutions to environmental problems 

by: developing and promoting technologies that protect and improve the environment; advancing 

scientific and engineering information to support regulatory and policy decisions; and providing 

the technical support and information transfer to ensure implementation of environmental 

regulations and strategies at the national, state, and community levels. 

 This publication has been produced as part of the Laboratory’s strategic long-term 

research plan. It is published and made available by EPA’s Office of Research and Development 

to assist the user community and to link researchers with their clients. 

 Sally Gutierrez, Director 

 National Risk Management Research Laboratory 
iv 

This Page Intentionally Left Blank 
v 

Contents

Section Page 

Notice.............................................................................................................................................. ii 

Foreword........................................................................................................................................ iii 

Figures and Tables ......................................................................................................................... vi 

Acronyms...................................................................................................................................... vii 

Executive Summary..................................................................................................................... viii 

SITE Program Description and FY04 Accomplishments................................................................1 

Background......................................................................................................................................1 

Completed Demonstration in FY04.................................................................................................2 

Active and Semi-Passive Lime Treatment.......................................................................................3 

Compost-Free Biological Treatment of Acid Rock Drainage .........................................................3 

Base Catalyzed Decomposition Process ..........................................................................................4

Detailed Description of Monitoring & Measurement Technology Activities in FY04...................5 

Ongoing Demonstration...................................................................................................................5 

Future Activity.................................................................................................................................5 

Appendices

A - Detailed SITE Program Description and Process 

B - SITE Projects (Alphabetically by Developer State) 

C - SITE Technology Demonstration Sites (Alphabetically by Demonstration Site State) 

D - Electronic Technical Information Resources 

E - Glossary of Remediation Technologies 
vi 

Figures

Number Page

1 SITE Program Process Flow................................................................................................1 

Tables

Number Page

1 SITE Projects Completed in FY 04 .....................................................................................2 

2 SITE Ongoing Projects in FY 04.........................................................................................6 
vii 

Acronyms

ANSI/ASQC American National Standard Institute, Assistance for Environmental Data 

Collection and Environmental Technology Programs 

DNAPL Dense non-aqueous phase liquids 

DOD Department of Defense 

DOE Department of Energy 

ECOS Environmental Council of States 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency 

ESTCP Environmental Security and Technology Certification Program 

ETV Environmental Technologies Verification 

FY Fiscal year 

GPR Ground penetrating radar 

IDC Interagency DNAPL Consortium 

ITRC Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council 

MHI Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 

MMT Monitoring and Measurement Technologies 

NELP Navy Environmental Leadership Program 

NPL National Priorities List 

NRC National Research Council 

ORD Office of Research and Development 

PAHs Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons 

PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls 

REACHIT Remediation Characterization Innovative Technologies 

RCI White House Rapid Commercialization Initiative 

SITE Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation 

TIP Technology Innovation Program 

TPH Total petroleum hydrocarbon 

VOC Volatile Organic Compound 
viii 

Executive Summary

 The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program has successfully 

promoted the development, commercialization, and implementation of innovative hazardous 

waste treatment technologies for 18 years. SITE offers a mechanism for conducting joint 

technology demonstration and evaluation projects at hazardous waste sites involving the private 

sector, EPA, and other federal and state agencies. The program provides environmental decisionmakers with relevant data on new, viable remediation technologies that may have performance or 

cost advantages compared to conventional treatment technologies. 

 The SITE Program focuses on the remediation needs of the hazardous waste remediation 

community through program planning; matching priority sites with innovative cleanup solutions; 

technology field demonstrations; and information dissemination. The report summarizes the 

progress and findings of the SITE Program in FY 2004. The report is prepared in accordance 

with the statutory requirements of CERCLA (42 USC 9660). 

 
1 

SITE Program Description and FY04 Accomplishments 

Background

The SITE Program is composed of a 

Demonstration Program, a Monitoring and 

Measurement Technology (MMT) Program, 

and information transfer. SITE offers a 

mechanism for conducting joint technology 

demonstration and evaluation projects at 

hazardous waste sites through the 

involvement of the private sector, EPA, and 

other federal and state agencies. Appendix 

A presents a further description of program 

principles, implementation, and historical 

results. 

SITE’s Demonstration Program 

evaluates and verifies innovative 

technologies at selected hazardous waste 

sites to provide reliable performance, costs, 

and applicability information for site 

cleanup decision-making. The MMT 

Program evaluates technologies that detect, 

monitor, and measure hazardous and toxic 

substances to provide more cost-effective 

and accurate methods for producing realtime data during site characterization and 

remediation. 

The MMT Program has leveraged its 

resources with EPA’s Environmental 

Technology Verification Program and other 

Federal Agencies to meet the needs of the 

Program and reduce the backlog of 

applications submitted by developers of 

innovative technologies in a cost-effective 

and timely manner. 

 

To further advance the MMT 

Program, a technical advisory group was 

formed to assist demonstration design, 

outreach activities, and the selection of 

technologies. This group of technology 

advocates includes representation from the 

EPA Regional offices and acts to ensure that 

the products of the demonstrations address 

issues relevant to EPA. Recent focus has 

been placed on the need for in-situ 

remediation technologies to more costeffectively remediate sites. 

The SITE Program’s information 

transfer activities disseminate technical 

information, including engineering, 

performance, and cost data, to assist in 

removing barriers for use of innovative and 

alternative technologies. 

Figure 1 presents the basic elements 

of the SITE Program process flow from 

unproven technologies to commercial 

success. 

SITE

PROGRAM

DEMONSTRATION

- Objectivity

- Proven Technical Expertise

- QA/QC

- Scientifically Designed

 Evaluation

RESULTS

- Solid Cost Analysis

- Credible Performance data

Redesigned/Configured

Technology - Additional

Evaluation or Abandonment

Commercial Success

Unproven, High-potential

Technology

Figure 1. SITE Program Process Flow 
2 

Completed Demonstrations in FY04 

 In FY 2004, the SITE Program

completed demonstrations of four treatment 

technologies. Two demonstrations were

conducted at the same site. The Monitoring 

and Measurement Technology Program 

completed demonstrations of five

technologies. The completed demonstrations 

are presented in Table 1 and a more detailed 

description of the demonstrations follow. 

Table 1. SITE Projects Completed in FY04

Developer 

Location

Developer Demonstration Treatment Technology Site Location

CA ARCO Evaluation of a semi-passive alkaline lagoon, innovative 

acid mine drainage (AMD) and acid rock drainage (ARD) 

treatment technology. 

Leviathan Mine 

Site, CA 

CA State of 

California and 

EPA Region 9 

Evaluation of an innovative active lime AMD and ARD 

treatment system operated in biphasic and monophasic 

modes. 

Leviathan Mine 

Site, CA 

OH U.S. EPA Treatability study for the evaluation of the Base Catalyzed 

Decomposition (BCD) process at the Warren County 

Landfill Site, Warrenton, NC. This chemical 

dechlorination process will determine the ability of the 

BCD process to chemically dechlorinate the PCBs and 

dioxin in the soils. 

Warrenton, NC 

NV University of 

Nevada, Reno 

Evaluation of an innovative acid mine drainage (AMD) 

treatment technology. Sulfate reducing bacteria in 

bioreactors generate H2S gas which reacts with the water 

column to precipitate metals and raise the pH of the AMD. 

Leviathan Mine 

Site, CA 

Monitoring and Measurement Technology

Developer 

Location

Developer Dioxin Testing in Soils and Sediments Site Location

DE Strategic 

Diagnostics 

Immunoassay and Colorimetry Saginaw, Michigan 

ME Cape 

Technologies 

DFI Immunoassay Saginaw, Michigan 

NC Xenobiotics Cell Based Immunoassay Saginaw, Michigan 

NC Hybrizyme Immunoassay and Colorimetry Saginaw, Michigan

VA Wako Chemicals Dioxin Elisa Kit Saginaw, Michigan 
3 

Active and Semi-Passive Lime Treatment 

of Acid Mine Drainage at Leviathan

Mine, California (2 technologies) 

 The U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) National Risk Management

Research Laboratory (NRMRL), in

cooperation with EPA Region IX, the State 

of California, and the Atlantic Richfield

Company (ARCO), evaluated lime treatment 

of acid mine drainage (AMD) and acid rock 

drainage (ARD) at the Leviathan Mine

Superfund site located in Alpine County,

California. Two lime treatment systems in 

operation at the mine in 2002 and 2003 were 

evaluated: an active lime treatment system

operated in biphasic and monophasic modes, 

and a semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment 

system. 

 The initial fixed costs to construct

the lime treatment systems were (1)

$1,021,415 for the active lime treatment

operated in monophasic mode (2)

$1,261,076 for the active lime treatment

system operated in biphasic mode, and (3)

$297,482 for the semi-passive alkaline

lagoon treatment system. 

 Both treatment systems were shown

to be extremely effective at neutralizing

acidity and reducing the concentrations of

the 10 target metals in the AMD and ARD 

flows at Leviathan Mine to below EPA

discharge standards. Although the influent

concentrations for the primary target metals 

were up to 3,000 fold above the EPA

discharge standards, both lime treatment

systems were successful in reducing the

concentrations of the primary target metals

in the AMD and ARD to between 4 and 20 

fold below EPA discharge standards. In

addition, the active lime treatment system

operated in biphasic mode was shown to be 

very effective at separating arsenic from the 

AMD prior to precipitation of other metals, 

subsequently reducing the total volume of

hazardous solid waste produced by the

treatment system. Separating the arsenic 

into a smaller solid waste stream 

significantly reduces materials handling and 

disposal costs. 

 Based on the success of lime 

treatment at the Leviathan Mine site, the 

state of California will continue to treat 

AMD at the site using the active lime 

treatment system in biphasic mode, and 

ARCO will continue to treat ARD using the 

semi-passive alkaline lagoon treatment 

system. 

 There are 79 abandoned mine land 

sites on the national priority list (NPL), 

nearly all of which have significant 

AMD/ARD problems similar to the 

Leviathan site. These sites are located 

primarily in the West, in EPA Regions 8, 9, 

and 10. Accordingly, the successful 

performance of the active- and semi-passive 

lime treatment systems as demonstrated on 

the AMD and ARD at the Leviathan site 

indicates a high potential for applicability of 

these technologies to these other AMD/ARD 

sites. 

Compost-Free Biological Treatment of 

Acid Rock Drainage 

 Compost-free bioreactor technology 

utilizes sulfate-reducing bacteria nurtured to 

generate sulfides that scavenge dissolved 

metals to form metal sulfide precipitates. 

Unlike compost bioreactors, this technology 

uses a liquid carbon source and a rock 

matrix rather than a compost or wood chip 

matrix that is consumed by bacteria and 

collapses over time. 

The SITE demonstration consisted of 

monthly sampling events of the bioreactor 

treatment system with periods of extended 

inaccessibility due to winter snowfall. 

Through the SITE demonstration, EPA 

collected chemical data on the system’s 

influent and effluent streams, documented 
4 

metals removal and reduction in acidity

within the system’s unit operations, and

recorded operational information pertinent

to the evaluation of the treatment system. 

EPA evaluated the treatment system based 

on removal efficiencies for primary and

secondary target metals, comparison of

effluent concentrations to interim discharge 

standards (pre-risk assessment and record of 

decision) mandated by EPA in 2002, and on 

the characteristics of resulting metalsenriched solid wastes. Removal efficiencies 

of individual unit operations were also

evaluated. 

 The compost-free bioreactor

treatment system was shown to be extremely 

effective at neutralizing acidity and reducing 

the concentrations of the five target and five 

secondary metals in the ARD flows at

Leviathan Mine to below EPA-mandated

discharge standards. The solids generated 

by this technology were not found to be

hazardous under state or federal standards or 

to pose a threat to water quality. 

 The initial fixed costs to construct 

bioreactor treatment system are $836,617 for 

the treatment system operated in gravity

flow mode, and $864,119 for the treatment 

system operated in recirculation mode. 

 There are 79 abandoned mine land 

sites on the national priority list (NPL),

nearly all of which have significant

AMD/ARD problems similar to the

Leviathan site. These sites are located

primarily in the west, in EPA Regions 8, 9, 

and 10. Accordingly, the successful

performance of the compost-free biological 

treatment technology as demonstrated on the 

AMD and ARD at the Leviathan site

indicates a high potential for applicability of 

this technology to these other AMD/ARD 

sites. 

Base Catalyzed Decomposition Process

 The objective of the study was to 

evaluate the effectiveness of the BCD 

process to chemically dechlorinate the PCBand dioxin-contaminated effluent oils 

generated by the thermal desorption of PCBand dioxin-contaminated soils at the Warren 

County Landfill in North Carolina. The 

BCD process relies on catalytic 

hydrogenation. In this type of process, a 

hydrogen donor in the untreated material 

supplies hydrogen ions that replace chlorine 

atoms in the chlorinated contaminants. The 

chlorinated contaminants are reduced to 

less-toxic unchlorinated compounds and the 

chlorine is displaced as a chloride ion. 

 Results of the pilot-scale treatability 

tests performed on condensate oil indicate 

that the BCD dechlorination process 

effectively removes PCBs and dioxins 

below detection levels of 5 ppm. Full-scale 

BCD tests were not possible because there 

was not enough condensate oil generated for 

the full-scale BCD system to treat. An 

economic analysis was not performed 

because the technology was evaluated at less 

than full-scale. 

PCBs are ranked fifth on the 

CERCLA priority list of hazardous 

substances (prioritization of substances 

based on a combination of their frequency, 

toxicity, and potential for human exposure at 

NPL sites). PCB-, dioxin-, and other 

chlorinated compound-contaminated 

CERCLA sites are located throughout the 

U.S. Chlorinated organics are prevalent in 

most Superfund sites, many of which have 

significant environmental impact problems 

similar to the Warren County landfill site. 

Accordingly, the successful performance of 

the Base Catalyzed Decomposition Process 

as demonstrated on the Warren County site's 

PCB/dioxin-contaminated soils and process 

condensate oils indicates a high potential for 

applicability of these technologies to this 

and other similar sites. 
5 

Detailed Description of Monitoring & 

Measurement Technology Activities in 

FY04 

 The MMT Program completed a 

demonstration of technologies to determine 

dioxin in soils and sediments. The X-ray 

fluorescence (XRF) technology for 

measuring inorganic contaminants in soil, or 

water matrices, was first tested in 1997, and 

was judged to be an ideal candidate for 

retesting. The XRF developers made an 

appeal to submit their state-of-the-art 

technologies to a new evaluation. 

Significant improvements in electronics, 

design, and data analysis along with a 

number of new companies (a total of five) 

not in existence at the time of the original 

study made this technology an ideal 

candidate for the SITE MMT Program. This 

project initiated in FY04 and is ongoing. 

Ongoing Demonstrations 

 Table 2 identifies the projects that 

are undergoing demonstration in FY04. 

There are six on-going treatment technology 

demonstrations. 

Future Activity 

The SITE Program will continue to 

emphasize the need for technologies that 

focus on types of contaminated sites rather 

than single contaminants. Five technology 

demonstrations are planned to be initiated in 

FY05. These demonstration are listed in 

Appendix A. 
6 

Table 2. SITE Ongoing Projects in FY 04

Developer 

Location

Developer Demonstration Treatment Technology Site Location

CT University of 

Connecticut 

Evaluation of the DUOX (Dual Oxidation) technology for the 

remediation of chlorinated organics. The DUOX technology 

utilizes two different chemical oxidants (potassium permanganate 

and sodium persulfate) injected into the subsurface for the 

oxidation of the chlorinated solvent contaminants. 

Vernon, CT 

DE Remediation 

Technology 

Development 

Forum and 

Hazardous 

Substance 

Research Center, 

SW 

Evaluation of an innovative capping design (AquablokTM) to 

reduce the exposure of contaminants in the sediments of the 

Anacostia River. 

Washington, DC. 

HI University of 

Hawaii 

Evaluation of the use of Intermittent Up-Flow Anaerobic 

Bioreactor (IUFAB) technology for treatment of PCBcontaminated oil. 

Pearl Harbor, HI 

IL GTI Evaluation of the treatment of PCB-contaminated sediments 

including an investigation for the beneficial reuse of the treated 

sediments. 

Bayonne, NJ 

VA Biogenesis 

Enterprises, Inc. 

Evaluation of a sediment washing process. Dredged sediment is 

treated in order to meet applicable criteria for beneficial use of the 

sediment. 

Venice, Italy and 

New Jersey 

WA Port of Ridgefield Evaluation of steam-enhanced remediation, which is an in situ 

thermal treatment soil cleanup technology. The technology 

involves installation of a steam injection system and an aggressive 

vapor and liquid extraction system for the reduction of organic 

contaminants. 

Ridgefield, WA 

Monitoring and Measurement Technology

Developer 

Location 

Developer XRF Demonstration Site Location 

IL Oxford 

Instruments 

Analytical 

XRF Analyzer Lab-X3500 Kennedy Space 

Center, FL 

MA Innov-X Systems, 

Inc. 

XRF Analyzer, XT400 Kennedy Space 

Center, FL 

MA Niton Corp. XRF Analyzer, XIT700 Series Kennedy Space 

Center, FL 

MA RONTEC USA, 

Inc. 

XRF Analyzer PicoTAX Kennedy Space 

Center, FL 

NY Xcalibur XRF 

Services, Inc. 

XRF Analyzer Elvax Kennedy Space 

Center, FL 

TX Rigaku, Inc. XRF Analyzer 25X mini Kennedy Space 

Center, FL 
A-1 

Appendix A 

DETAILED SITE PROGRAM DESCRIPTION AND PROGRESS
A-2 

Detailed SITE Program Description and Progress 

 The Demonstration Program is the 

flagship of the SITE Program. Its objective 

is to conduct field demonstrations and highquality performance verifications of viable 

remediation technologies at sites that pose 

high risks to human health and/or the 

environment, are common throughout a 

region or the nation, or where existing 

remediation methods are inadequate, unsafe, 

or too costly. The SITE Program solicits 

applications annually from those responsible 

for cleanup operations at hazardous waste 

sites. A panel of SITE Program scientists, 

engineers, and associated environmental 

experts reviews the applications to identify 

those technologies that best represent 

solutions for the most pressing

environmental problems. The resulting data 

and reports are intended for use by decisionmakers in selecting remediation options and 

for increasing credibility in innovative 

applications. 

 The Demonstration Program has 

participated with 154 remediation 

technology vendors. Eight applications for 

participation in the Demonstration Program 

were received in response to the 2004 

solicitation. The program typically receives 

10 to 20 applications annually. 

 The Demonstration Program has 

successfully demonstrated 153 technologies, 

including 4 during FY 04. SITE’s 

Monitoring and Measuring Technologies 

(MMT) Program has completed 47 projects 

to date, with 1 more ongoing. 

Program Principles 

 The SITE Program is defined by the 

following four operating principles: 

(1) program planning, (2) matching priority 

sites with innovative cleanup solutions, 

(3) technology field demonstrations, and 

(4) information dissemination. 

Program Planning

 SITE Program direction and 

strategies are evaluated each year based on 

input from the user community and other 

private- and public-sector stakeholders to 

ensure that the program continues to focus 

on validating the most sought-after 

remediation technologies. As part of the 

overall program planning process, the SITE 

Program has developed and is implementing 

a quality management plan based on 

American National Standard Institute 

Specifications and Guidelines for Quality 

Assistance for Environmental Data 

Collection and Environmental Technology 

Programs (ANSI/ASQC). The Site Quality 

Management Plan will document the EPA 

SITE Program quality system and will 

encompass the management and technical 

activities necessary to plan, implement, and 

assess the quality assurance, and quality 

control operations applied to all SITE 

Projects. The Quality Management Plan will 

document the requirement for Quality 

Assurance Project Plans for all SITE 

Evaluation Projects. SITE Quality 

Assurance Project Plans are currently 

developed at a level that supports the 

development of environmental regulations 

and standards (Category II). It is important 

that the SITE Program quality requirements 

are met during planning, implementation and 

reporting of SITE demonstrations, and 

evaluations. 
A-3 

Program Implementation

 The SITE Program was established 

under section 209(b) of the Superfund

Amendments and Reauthorization Act

(SARA) (Section 311(b) of CERCLA, as 

amended) to evaluate technologies for the 

treatment of hazardous waste. Support for 

the SITE program is part of the Agency’s 

base Superfund Research Program budget. 

Resources to support SITE are provided by 

Congress via the Agency’s Superfund

appropriation. 

 The SITE Program is a partnership 

between the public and private sectors,

where the costs and responsibilities are

shared by EPA, hazardous waste site

owners, and technology developers. EPA 

enters into cooperative arrangements with 

site owners and technology developers,

under which innovative technologies are

demonstrated at selected hazardous waste 

sites. EPA evaluates the new technologies 

based on the demonstration results, and

compiles and publishes rigorous

engineering, performance, and cost data

intended to aid in decisions regarding the 

use of the technologies at other hazardous 

waste sites. The program generates credible 

and unbiased technology cost and

performance data needed by remedial

project managers, consultants, and other

environmental decision makers. EPA

promotes easy and rapid access to this

information, allowing project managers to 

make timely decisions in selecting cleanup 

remedies. 

Matching Priority Sites with Innovative 

Cleanup Solutions 

 The SITE Program solicits and

prioritizes hazardous waste sites, and then 

seeks appropriate technologies for

demonstration at these sites. Priority sites 

are selected based on feedback from the user 

community, including federal and state

agencies. Matching a site with a technology 

is a flexible process, and a site owner has the 

option of evaluating multiple technologies. 

If no specific technology or vendor is 

identified by a site, technologies and 

vendors are matched by the SITE Program 

and other interested parties, which may 

include state and federal regulators and other 

public representatives. 

 An important aspect of technology 

selection is that more than one technology 

may be introduced for review and 

demonstration. This aspect allows for 

matching the most appropriate and feasible 

technology to a particular site. General 

technology needs of the user community are 

identified by soliciting input from working 

groups, forums, personal communication, 

and hazardous waste publications. With this 

continuous input, the SITE Program will 

continue to focus on the needs of the 

remediation community and the more 

pressing problems at contaminated sites. 

The selection of sites for the program is 

based on the research needs of EPA, as well 

as other federal and state agencies.

Technology Field Demonstrations

 SITE Program technology demonstrations are increasingly conducted in 

partnership with other EPA offices, other 

federal agencies, states, private industry, and 

universities. These partnerships reduce the 

overall costs of demonstrations to EPA, 

accelerate remediation of some of the most 

problematic sites at federal and state 

facilities, and significantly subsidize the 

technology vendors via site/logistical costs. 

One example of interagency partnerships is 

with DoD, Navy and the DoD 

Environmental Security Technologies

Certification Program (ESTCP) in the field 

demonstration and evaluation of an 

innovative treatment technology for 

sediments contaminated with heavy metals. 
A-4 

 Innovative remediation and

monitoring/ measurement technology/

demonstration projects are presented by

developer state and by demonstration site 

state in Appendices A and B, respectively. 

Information Dissemination

 Electronic documents are accessible 

through the internet at the SITE Program 

web page (http://www.epa.gov/ORD/SITE), 

Environmental Technologies Verification

(ETV) web site (http://www.epa.gov/etv), 

and a site supported by the EPA Office of 

Solid Waste and Emergency Response

Technology Innovation Program (TIP)

(http://clu-in.org). Several technology

databases and publications summarize

information about innovative treatment

technologies and associated vendors, and 

are useful tools in identifying potential 

technology demonstration candidates or

serving as directories for technology

vendors. SITE Program and other federal 

demonstrations are also documented in 

Innovative Remediation Technologies: Field 

Scale Demonstration Projects in North

America, 2nd Edition Year 2000 Report 

(http://cluin.or/products/nairt). Descriptions 

of selected databases and publication

ordering information are provided in

Appendix C. 

 The following mechanisms are used 

by the SITE Program to disseminate

information and increase interaction with the 

user community: 

< Program-specific brochures and exhibits 

< Conferences, workshops, and technical 

working groups 

< Publications and videotapes (via the 

Internet: 

http://www.epa.gov/ord/SITE/reports.html 

< Hard copies available from EPA’s

National Center for Environmental

Publications, 513-569-8190 or 1-800-

490-9192 

< Electronic media, including the Internet 

< Technical assistance to regions, states, 

and remediation contractors 

< Technology seminars 

Promotion of Innovative Technologies 

 SITE’s mission is to promote the 

development and application of innovative 

technologies that reduce or eliminate risks to 

human health and the environment due to 

contamination. The goal of the program is 

to interact with the technology user 

community, understand its needs, integrate 

those needs with EPA’s research mission, 

and expeditiously address those needs. 

Identifying and responding to the 

technology needs of the remediation 

community is the driving force behind 

today’s SITE Program. 

Responding to technology needs is the 

driving force behind the SITE Program. 

 The need for credible and reliable 

data for innovative technologies is 

significant. Often, Records of Decision 

(RODs—official records documenting 

selection of Superfund site cleanup 

methods) indicate that innovative 

technologies were not chosen due to a lack 

of verified performance and 

implementability. The SITE Program serves 

to fill this need for credible evaluations so 

that more effective, cost-efficient methods 

can be used on remediation problems. 

 The types and numbers of innovative 

technologies selected for remediation at 

Superfund sites increased significantly after 

the passage of the Superfund Amendments 

and Reauthorization Act (SARA). Since 

then, the number has continued to rise, 
A-5 

indicating increased credibility and 

confidence in a number of innovative 

treatment technologies. 

 During the first 12 years of the SITE 

Program, an emphasis was placed on 

innovative technologies for permanent 

treatment that usually required the removal 

(ex situ) of soil or groundwater. Most field 

demonstrations during this period in the 

program’s history involved ex situ 

physical/chemical and thermal technologies 

that could be field tested in a matter of days 

or weeks. In the last several years, the very 

nature of ex situ technologies, which 

typically involve the excavation of 

contaminated soil or removal by pumping of 

groundwater, and subsequent treatment 

and/or transport/ disposal have become 

increasingly limited in their applicability. 

These cost/technical/ political related 

limitations include: 

• Complex contamination and subsurface 

matrices which are not amenable to 

removal 

• Mega sites whose shear expanse and 

volume of contaminated media preclude 

ex situ technologies from consideration 

• Lack of approved landfills in close 

proximity for excavation/transportation/ 

disposal to be cost-effective 

 As a result, in situ technologies are 

increasingly the only alternative. The need 

for innovative, in situ technologies that are 

more cost-effective, result in less secondary 

waste, and are less intrusive will continue to 

increase. The SITE Program has recognized 

this need and has emphasized the 

development of in situ technologies. 

 Figure A-1 presents the number of in 

situ technologies as a percentage of all 

treatment technologies for source control by 

fiscal year. Over time, use of in situ 

technologies has been increasing, as the 

trendline in Figure A-1 shows. A 5-year 

moving average of the percentage of in situ 

treatment technologies shows a generally 

steady increase from 28 percent (FY1985-

1988) to 65 percent (FY1999-2004). 

38%

31%

21%

28%

47%

36%

48%

41%

43% 44%

37%

61%

57%

51%

59%

49%

63%

54%

79%

44%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Percentage of Source Treatment Technologies that are In Situ

Linear Trendline (In Situ Source Treatment Projects)

Percentage of Source Treatment Projects

Fiscal Year

Figure A-1: Superfund Remedial Actions: In Situ Technologies for Source Media for Source Control (FY1985 - FY2004)

SOURCE: U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 

Treatment Technologies for Site Cleanup: Annual Status Report Draft, 12th Edition.
A-6 

 Several factors may play a role in 

this upward trend in the use of in situ 

treatment technologies. Because in situ 

technologies require no excavation, risk 

from exposure to contaminated media is 

reduced, compared with levels of risk 

associated with technologies that do require 

excavation. Also, in situ technologies 

typically are much less harsh on the natural 

habitat/environment than ex situ

technologies. Further, for large sites where 

excavation and materials handling for ex situ 

technologies can be expensive, in situ 

technologies are often more cost-effective. 

 As selected innovative technologies 

discussed in SITE Program Annual Reports 

to Congress prior to 2002 have become 

more accepted, increasingly used, and 

considered the baseline for remediation, they 

are now viewed as conventional

technologies for comparison to newer 

technologies. These former innovative 

technologies, which often performed very 

successfully, have thus advanced from the 

SITE Program. They include, but are not 

limited to: 

• Air Sparging 

• Soil Vapor Extraction 

• Ex Situ Thermal Desorption 

• Filtration 

• Soil Washing 

• Most ex situ remediation 

 The SITE Program plans to continue 

to periodically evaluate whether

technologies that are no longer considered 

innovative should be added to the baseline 

of conventional technologies. The Program 

conducted this review in FY 2002. 

Historical Vendor Benefits

 Technology vendors are a central 

part of the SITE Program, providing 

remediation services for sites requiring 

cleanup solutions. As part of the SITE 

Program, vendors provide historical

information on jobs they have performed for

the technologies they have demonstrated. 

Vendors experience various benefits by 

participating in the SITE Program, namely 

increased exposure market share, technical 

acceptance, and recognition. Increased 

acceptance of innovative technologies is 

demonstrated by the level of commercial 

activity experienced by SITE Program 

vendors. For example, cumulative 

information reported in 2002 indicates that 

since completing SITE demonstration 

projects, vendors have received contracts for 

2,119 cleanups and 1,388 treatability studies 

(Figure A-2). Vendor surveys were not 

conducted in 2004. 

 As part of an ongoing SITE Program 

evaluation initiated in 1989, 87 vendors 

have provided information regarding sales 

of their technologies. Following 

participation in the SITE Program, 63 

percent of the responding vendors were 

awarded remediation contracts using 

technologies demonstrated in the SITE 

Program. Thirty-four percent of the 

reporting vendors have been awarded ten or 

more contracts each. Over 35 percent 

reported one or more international contracts, 

identifying 40 countries where jobs were 

contracted. Figure A-3 provides a historical 

perspective of growth in the number of 

contracts awarded to SITE vendors from 

1990 to 2002. 

 The 2002 Demonstration Program 

vendor information has been broken down 

by technology type to ascertain which 

technologies demonstrated the greatest 

commercial success. Figure A-4 shows the 

share by technology type of the 3,507 

remediation and treatability contracts 

awarded to vendors. It is clear from this 

chart that soil vapor extraction and 

bioremediation technologies have had the 

most commercial success; in particular, soil 

vapor extraction can no longer be considered 

an innovative technology, as discussed 

earlier in this section. 
A-7 

Figure A-2. Categorization of contracts awarded to SITE vendors following program participation. 

(Source: 2002 vendor information) 

178 140

318

1729

250

3189

1210

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Treatability Studies Remediation Jobs International Contracts Total Jobs

Total Contracts Awarded

Superfund

Commercial

Figure A-3. Total Number of contracts awarded to SITE vendors after program participation 

(Source: 1990-2002 vendor information)

150 225

410

533

1895

2874

3229

3507

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1990 1991 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Total Contract Awards
A-8 

Bioremediation

21%

Soil Vapor 

Extraction

25%

Thermal Desorption

3%

Other

1%

Soil Washing

2%

Chemical Treatment

8%

Hydraulic/ 

Pneumatic 

Fracturing

8%

Oxidation

2%

Phytoextraction

1%

Electro-chemical

1%

Filtration

6%

Stabilization/ 

Solidification

18%

Solvent Extraction

2%

Vitrification

2%

Figure A-4. Share of 3,507 total contracts awarded to SITE demonstration 

vendors by technology type 

(Source: 1990-2002 vendor information) 

 As shown in Figure A-5, 82 

completed SITE projects have been ex situ 

and 71 in- situ, with a marked increase in 

ongoing in-situ technology demonstrations 

as compared with ex situ since 1997. 

 In addition to the 87 Demonstration 

Program vendors, information was obtained 

from 1999 to 2002 from 18 vendors that 

participated in the MMT Program. This 

information clearly demonstrated the 

benefits that vendors receive from the 

program, indicating that 73 percent of the 

vendors sold more than 25 units since their 

demonstration in the SITE Program. Over 

60 percent of the vendors indicated that their 

technologies were used on international 

remediation projects. In total, the MMT 

vendors reported selling over 4,200 units on 

1,043 jobs, including 56 international jobs. 

 Overall, vendor information shows 

that SITE technology developers in the 

Demonstration and MMT Programs are 

achieving commercial success for 

demonstrated technologies. The impact of 

the SITE Program continues to be 

significant, as illustrated by the volume of 

vendor contracts from 1990-2002 (Figure 

A-3). 
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

C C

In-Situ

Ex-Situ

N

u

mb

er o

f

D

e

m

os

O OO

O=ongoing

C= complete

CCC O OO C

97 98 99 00 01 02

C O

03 04

C O

Figure A-5. History of Ex Situ vs. In Situ Distribution of SITE Demonstration Projects

A-9 

 

Innovative Technology Highlights -- SITE Limestone, Maine. The project was carried 

Program Case Studies out by United States Environmental 

Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Office of This section presents case studies of Research and Development (ORD) National innovative remediation technologies for Risk Management Research Laboratory vendors that have participated in the SITE (NRMRL), U.S. EPA’s SITE Program, U.S. Program. The case studies provide brief EPA Region I, Maine Department of descriptions on the use and status of Environmental Protection (MEDEP), representative technologies. It is typical of SteamTech Environmental Services, Inc, the the SITE Program and represents the SITE United States Air Force (USAF), and Program’s approach to promoting innovative experts from academia on characterization technologies by identifying user needs. In of fractured rock and steam injection response to user needs, the SITE Program remediation. 

assessed the performance of a chemical 

oxidation technology and steam enhanced Technology Description 

remediation projects. 

SER is an in situ thermal cleanup 

Case Study 1: Steam Enhanced technology for the reduction of organic 

Remediation at Loring Air Force Base contaminants. Steam is injected into the 

contaminated area and vapor, water, and 

The U.S. EPA SITE Program contaminants are extracted via extraction 

evaluated the Steam Enhanced Remediation wells. Specific objectives for the research 

(SER) technology for the recovery of project included determining if SER could: 

volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 1) heat the target area for remediation, 2) 

fracture limestone. The evaluation was enhance contaminant recovery, and 3) 

conducted at an abandoned quarry at the reduce contaminant concentrations in the 

former Loring Air Force Base (AFB) in rock and groundwater. 
A-10 

 Construction of the system was

initiated in August 2002, and the extraction 

system started operating on August 30 of 

that year. Steam injection was initiated on 

September 1, 2002 and continued until 

November 19, 2002. Throughout

operations, EPA’s SITE program collected 

effluent vapor and water samples to

document the recovery rate and amount of 

contaminants recovered. SteamTech

collected temperature data using 22

thermocouple strings, and documented

changes in subsurface resistivity caused by 

temperature increases or by steam replacing 

water in the fractures using electrical

resistance tomography (ERT). 

Status 

 Effluent vapor and water samples 

collected at the site showed that after 

approximately three weeks of operations, the 

extraction rates started to increase, and they 

continued to increase for the duration of the 

project. The highest extraction rates were 

achieved at the end of the project, after 

steam injection had ceased and air injection 

was increased. This is believed to be due to 

air stripping of VOCs at the higher

subsurface temperatures, which carried the 

vaporized contaminants to extraction wells. 

Effluent samples showed that more than 7.4 

kg (16.2 lbs) of contaminants were

recovered during the project, of which 5.0 

kg (11.12 lbs) were chlorinated VOCs, 0.55 

kg (1.22 lbs) were gasoline range organics 

(GRO), and 1.77 kg (3.9 lbs) were diesel 

range organics (DRO). Results of the 

evaluation indicated that for large, simpleto-moderately complex fractured rock sites, 

SER may be an effective and cost-effective 

remediation technology for VOCs. 

Case Study 2: In-Situ DuoxTM Chemical 

Oxidation Technology Demonstration

 The U.S. EPA SITE Program is 

evaluating the feasibility of applying the 

DuoxTM chemical oxidation technology to 

chlorinated solvent contaminated media at 

the Roosevelt Mills site in Vernon, 

Connecticut. The demonstration began in 

2001. The Roosevelt Mills site is a former 

woolen mill that included dry cleaning and 

metal plating operations. Operations at the 

site have led to the contamination of soil and 

ground water. The parties involved in the 

technology demonstration include the U.S. 

EPA SITE Program, the Environmental 

Research Institute at the University of 

Connecticut (the developer) and the Town of 

Vernon, Connecticut. 

Technology Description

 The DuoxTM technology destroys 

unsaturated chlorinated solvents by utilizing 

a combination of two oxidants. The most 

economical oxidants typically used are 

sodium persulfate and potassium 

permanganate. The in-situ chemical 

oxidation process involves the injection of a 

solution containing one or more oxidants 

into the subsurface to mineralize the target 

contaminants. 

 The process typically involves 

injection of the sodium persulfate into the 

subsurface. The sodium persulfate 

mineralizes target contaminants and satisfies 

the soil oxidant demand. The sodium 

persulfate also reduces the quantity of 

potassium permanganate needed to 

mineralize the target compounds. The 

sequential dual treatment process can be 

repeated as many times as necessary to 

reduce contaminant concentrations. The 

costs to remediate chlorinated solvent sites 

using the DuoxTM Technology could be 

significantly less than conventional 

remediation methods. 

Status 

 Results of the technology evaluation, 

which consisted of conducting a lab-based 

treatability study of the DuoxTM Technology 

for both dissolved chlorinated organics in 

groundwater, as well as free-phase PCE in 

the shallow fill material, have indicated that 
A-11 

permanganate alone and in combination 

with persulfate is feasible in remediating 

chlorinated solvents in the site groundwater 

as well as in soil samples. The remediation 

project will reduce the risk to public health 

from the chlorinated solvents. In addition, 

the costs involved in the remediation using 

the DuoxTM Technology are significantly 

lower than the original cost estimates 

involving other remediation methods. 

Following remediation of the site, a 

developer has proposed to convert the 

abandoned site into a mixed use 

retail/housing complex. 

Case Study 3: Steam-Enhanced 

Remediation at Port of Ridgefield

 The U.S. EPA SITE Program is 

evaluating Steam-Enhanced Remediation 

(SER) technology at the Lake River 

Industrial Site (LRIS) at the Port of 

Ridgefield (PoR) in Ridgefield, Washington. 

SER is designed to remove non-aqueous 

phase liquid (NAPL) contamination from 

surface and subsurface soils as well as 

groundwater, while preventing migration of 

contamination from the site. 

 The former wood-treating company 

on the LRIS site used a variety of woodtreating chemicals, including creosote, 

pentachloro-phenol (PCP) dissolved in a 

carrier oil, chromated copper arsenate, and 

copper naphthenate, for the purpose of 

treating milled lumber, utility poles, and 

pilings. 

Technology Description

 SER is an in situ thermal soil 

cleanup technology that is being applied 

through a steam injection system and an 

aggressive vapor- and liquid-extraction 

system for the reduction of organic 

contaminants from the source zone. The 

fundamental approach of SER is to sweep 

the treatment volume with steam and to 

extract vapor, water, and contaminants with 

extraction wells. This removal action is 

designed to maximize NAPL removal from 

the area; to prevent migration of 

contamination from the site by establishing 

pneumatic and hydraulic control between 

the source area and the Ridgefield National 

Wildlife Refuge (RNWR), which abuts the 

LRIS; and to collect data to refine design 

parameters for the full-scale remedial 

operation, which will immediately follow 

the removal action. 

Status

 Steam was first applied at the site in 

May 2004. Two SITE sampling events have 

been conducted at the PoR. During SITE’s 

demonstration field work, samples of the 

off-gas stream from the well field, the gas 

stack to the atmosphere, the liquids and 

solids collected in the SER receiving tanks, 

and the treated water were collected to 

determine the effectiveness of the treatment 

and to evaluate any impacts to the RNWR. 

Samples of groundwater from the EPAinstalled well clusters in the RNWR and in 

three peripheral locations on site were also 

collected. Analyses and the associated 

“The SITE Program has helped start us 

in 1991, and has provided 

unimpeachable confirmation of the 

capabilities of BioGenesis washing 

technology. Thirteen years later, 

BioGenesis is working with SITE in an 

international cooperation project in 

Venice and on New Jersey’s effort to 

clean up the Passaic River. Such 

longevity in organizational relationships 

speaks for itself in showing that SITE 

efficiently serves the needs of both 

government and commercial 

stakeholders.” 

Charles L. Wilde, 

Executive Vice President 

Biogenesis Enterprises, Inc. 
A-12 

validation are currently being performed. 

The SITE Program continues to 

emphasize the need for technologies that 

focus more on types of contaminated sites 

rather than single contaminants (i.e., wood 

preserving sites, manufactured gas plant 

sites). Most sites are not contaminated with 

a single contaminant, but with mixtures 

including by-products formed from normal 

degradation. Recent applications have led 

the SITE Program to move in this direction. 

Based on input from the multi-agency 

review board, a list of new priority areas are: 

• Sediments 

• Mining Issues\Acid Mine Drainage 

• Manufactured Gas Plants 

• Wood Treating\Preserving 

• Pesticide Manufacturers\Formulators 

Table A-1 outlines the contaminant areas of 

interest, and Table A-2 describes the 

demonstrations that are planned for FY 05. 

 

Table A-1. Future Contaminant Emphasis Areas

Groundwater/Surface Water Sediments Soils

DNAPL\Chlorinated Solvents PCBs DNAPL 

Arsenic, Mercury or other Heavy Metals Arsenic, Mercury, or other Heavy Metals Arsenic, Mercury, or 

other Heavy Metals 

PCBs PAHs Chlorinated Solvents 

 Pesticides PCBs

Table A-2. SITE Program Projects Planned for FY 05

Site Name/Location Technology Project Description Proposed Schedule 

Oscar 2 Pier Site Microbial cell Evaluate anaerobic Demonstration FY05 

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii technology biological removal of 

PCBs in oil 

Venice, Italy and BioGenesisTM Sediment Evaluate innovative Venice Demonstration FY05 

Passaic River, New washing system treatment for PCB- New Jersey Demonstration 

Jersey contaminated sediment FY05 

Former MEC Site XDD In-situ chemical In-situ chemical Demonstration FY05 

Hudson, New oxidation oxidation of chlorinated 

Hampshire organics in groundwater 

Grand Plaza Triad Site Remediation of Demonstration FY05 

Shopping Center Characterization Vapor chlorinated solvents and 

Dallas, Texas Intrusion vapor intrusion 

Navy Dodge Pond Site Bauxite sediment Evaluation of in-situ Demonstration FY05 

Niantic, Connecticut capping and treatment capping and treatment 

for metal-contaminated 

sediment 

 
A-13 

Partnerships for Success 

Federal to Federal Interface

 The SITE Program continues to 

recognize the importance of cooperation 

between federal agencies to find common 

areas of need and interest. Interfacing with 

other federal agencies is an important aspect 

of enhancing the benefits of technology 

demonstrations. It allows for leveraging 

resources, expedited performance, cost

information exchange, and cross-fertilization 

of technical expertise between agencies. In 

addition, this type of collaboration

encourages the implementation of

innovative approaches by federal end users 

in a more expedited manner and, in many 

cases, implementation at other non-federal 

site locations. 

Federal to State Interface 

 Where there are common

environmental areas of interest, it is equally 

important to have federal to state

interactions, as it is to have federal-tofederal cooperation. Cooperation with

organizations such as the Environmental 

Council of States (ECOS) and Interstate 

Technology Regulatory Council (ITRC)

promotes partnerships and builds confidence 

within the environmental community that 

proven innovative technology can provide 

more effective and less-expensive

environmental protection. 

 The ITRC provides a mechanism to 

interact with multiple state regulatory

agencies and state specific verification

programs. The ITRC is a state-led national 

coalition dedicated to achieving better

environmental protection through the use of 

innovative technologies. 

 An example of the federal-tostate/local government interface is

demonstrated at the Anacostia River SITE 

Demonstration. The city of Washington, 

DC and the U.S. EPA’s Hazardous 

Substance Research Center are collaborating 

on the development of innovative capping 

technologies for contaminated sediment. A 

visitor’s day was held at the Anacostia River 

site in April 2004 to discuss the technologies 

with public interest groups and stakeholders. 

Louisiana Senator Landrieu and Washington 

D.C. Mayor Anthony Williams attended the 

visitors’ day. 

Information Transfer

 Information transfer is accomplished 

through a number of mechanisms. While 

the Internet information distribution is an 

effective mechanism, meetings, published 

documentation, and conferences remain an 

essential part of technical information 

dissemination. 

 Coordination with existing 

remediation workgroups and programs is 

also essential. The SITE Program continues 

to work cooperatively with numerous 

programs, such as DOD’s ESTCP Program, 

the Environmental Council of States 

(ECOS) sponsored ITRC, and the DOE’s 

Science and Technology Program. 

 ITRC Team meetings and special 

site tours have been conducted near SITE 

Program field demonstrations in order to 

capitalize on the participation of multiple 

States.
B-1 

Appendix B 

SITE PROJECTS 

(Alphabetically by Developer State)
B-2 

SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE 

Developer

CMS Research 

Corporation 

Birmingham, AL 

Technology

Portable Gas 

Chromatograph 

Contact

Alabama 

H. Ashley Page 

205-773-6911 

Program

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Status

Completed 1992 

Alaska 

Arctic Foundations 

Anchorage, AK 

Freeze Barrier Ed Yarmak 

907-562-2741 

Demonstration Completed 1998

Brice Environmental 

Service Corp. 

(BESCORP) 

Fairbanks, AK 

Soil Washing Plant Craig Jones 

907-452-2512 

Demonstration Completed 1992

Arizona 

Arizona State 

University 

Tempe, AZ 

Photocatalytic Oxidation 

and Air Stripping 

Gregory Raupp 

606-965-2828 

Elliot Berman 

352-867-1320 

Emerging Technology Completed 1999 

STC Omega (formerly 

Silicate Technology 

Corporation) 

Scottsdale, AZ 

Solidification and 

Stabilization Treatment 

Stephen Pelger 

Scott Larsen 

602-948-7100 

Demonstration Completed 1990 

California 

Analytical and 

Remedial Technology, 

Inc., 

Milpitas, CA 

Automated Sampling and 

Analytical Platform 

Gary Hopkins 

408-263-8931 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1991 

ARCO 

CA 

Lime Lagoons Baffy Duff 

406-563-5211 

Demonstration Completed 2004

Berkeley 

Environmental 

Restoration Center 

(formerly Udell 

Technologies, Inc.) 

Emeryville, CA 

In situ Enhanced Extraction Kent Udell 

510-642-2928 

Steve Collins 

510-643-1300 

Demonstration Completed 1993

Binax Corp., Antox 

Division 

Sunnyville, CA 

Imunoassay for PCB in Soil Richard 

Lankow 

408-752-1353 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1992 

COGNIS, Inc. 

Santa Rosa, CA 

Biological/ Chemical 

Treatment 

Steve Rock 

U.S. EPA 

513-569-7149 

Emerging Technology Completed 1995 

Eco Mat, Inc. 

Hayward, CA 

Biological Denitrification Kim Halley 

510-783-5885 

Demonstration Completed 2000
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-3 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

California (continued) 

Energy and 

Environmental Research 

Corporation 

Irvine, CA 

Hybrid Fluidized Bed 

System 

Richard 

Koppang 

714-859-8851 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

Energy and 

Environmental Research 

Corporation 

Irvine, CA 

Reactor Filter System Neil Widmer 

714-859-8851 

Emerging Technology Completed 1995 

Environmental 

Biotechnologies 

Montara, CA 

Microbial Composting Douglas 

Munnecke 

415-596-1020 

Emerging Technology 

Demonstration 

Completed 1999 

Completed 

EPOC Water, Inc. 

Fresno, CA 

Precipitation, 

Microfiltration, Sludge 

Dewatering 

Scott Jackson 

209-291-8144 

Demonstration Completed 1993

General Atomics 

(formerly Ogden 

Environmental Services) 

San Diego, CA 

Circulating Bed Combuster Robert Goforth 

619-455-2499 

Demonstration Completed 1989

Acoustic Barrier Separator Anthony 

Gattuso 

619-455-2910 

Emerging Technology Completed 1995 

Geokinetics 

Berkeley, CA 

Electrokinetics Steven Clark 

510-704-2940 

Demonstration Completed 2000

Geokinetics 

Berkeley, CA 

Closed Loop Lead Recovery Steven Clark 

510-704-2940 

Demonstration Completed 2002

Geokinetics & Duke 

Engineering 

Electrokinetic Heating & 

Surfactant Flushing 

Steven Clark 

510-704-2940 

Demonstration Completed 1999

GIS\Solutions, Inc. 

Concord, CA 

GIS\Key 

Environmental Data 

Management Software 

Garry Reid 

510-827-5400 

Demonstration Completed 1993

Groundwater 

Technology 

Government Services, 

Inc. 

Concord, CA 

Biological Composting Ronald Hicks 

510-671-2387 

Emerging Technology Completed 1995 

Hughes Environmental 

Systems, Inc. 

Manhattan Beach, CA 

Steam Enhanced Recovery 

Process 

Paul De Percin 

U.S. EPA 

513-569-7797 

Demonstration Completed 1993

Integrated Water 

Resources, Inc. 

Stripping of TCE 805-565-0996 Demonstration Completed 2002 

Lockheed Martin 

Missiles & Space Co., 

Inc. 

Palo Alto, CA 

Electrokinetic 

Remediation 

Steven H. 

Schwartzkopf 

415-424-3176 

Demonstration Completed
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-4 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

California (continued) 

Magnum Water 

Technology 

El Segundo, CA 

CAV-OX Process Dale Cox 

310-322-4143 

Jack Simser 

310-640-7000 

Demonstration Completed 1993 

Membrane 

Technology and 

Research, Inc. 

Menlo Park, CA 

VaporSep Membrane 

Process 

Marc Jacobs 

Doug 

Gottschlich 

415-328-2228 

Emerging Technology Completed 1991 

North American 

Technologies Aprotek 

San Ramon, CA 

Oleofilter Cathryn 

Wimberly 

916-366-6185 

Demonstration Completed 

NOVATERRA, Inc. 

(formerly Toxic 

Treatments USA, Inc.) 

Los Angeles, CA 

In-situ and Air Stripping Philip LaMori 

310-328-9433 

Demonstration Completed 1989 

Praxis Environmental 

Services 

Burlingame, CA 

In-situ Steam Enhanced 

Extraction 

Lloyd Stewart 

415-641-9044 

Demonstration Completed 1997 

Pulse Sciences, 

San Leandro, CA 

X-Ray Treatment 

(Aqueous) 

Vernon Bailey 

510-632-5100 

ext. 227 

Emerging Technology Completed 1994 

X-Ray Treatment 

(Soils) 

Vernon Bailey 

510-632-5100 

ext. 227 

Emerging Technology Completed 

Radian Corporation 

(formerly AWD 

Technologies, Inc.) 

Walnut Creek, CA 

Integrated Vapor Extraction 

and Steam Vacuum 

Stripping 

David Bluestein 

415-227-0822 

Demonstration Completed 1990 

Regenesis Biological Treatment, HRC 

of Organics 

Dr. Stephen 

Koeningberg 

949-366-8000 

Demonstration Completed 2002 

Retech, Inc. 

Ukiah, CA 

Plasma Arc Vitrification Ronald 

Womack Leroy 

B. Leland 707-

462-6522 

Demonstration Completed 1991 

Rochem Separation 

Systems, Inc. 

Torrance, CA 

Rochem Disc Tube Module 

System 

David 

LaMonica 

310-370-3160 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Roy F. Weston 

Sherman Oaks, CA 

In well Air Stripping Jeff Bannon 

818-971-4900 

Eric Klingel 

704-660-1673 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Simulprobe 

Technologies, Inc. 

Core Barrel Soil Sampler Richard Laton 

415-883-8787 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 

SIVE Services 

Dixon, CA 

Steam Injection 

Extraction 

and Vacuum Douglas Dieter 

916-678-8358 

Demonstration Exited 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-5 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

California (continued) 

SRI Instruments 

Torrance, CA 

Portable Gas Chromatograph Douglas 

Gavilanes 

310-214-5092 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1992 

State of California Biphasic Lime Treatment Chris Stetler 

530-542-5461 

Demonstration Completed 2004

Steam Tech 

Environmental Services 

Bakersfield, CA 

In-situ Thermal (Steam 

Injection) 

Hank Sowers 

661-322-6478 

Demonstration Completed 2003

Terra-Kleen Response 

Group, Inc. 

Del Mar, CA 

Solvent Extraction Alan Cash 

619-558-8762 

Demonstration Completed 1994

Completed 1997 

Texaco, Inc. 

S. El Monte, CA 

Entrained-Bed Gasification John Wintor 

310-908-7387 

Demonstration Completed 1994

Thermatrix, Inc. 

(Formerly Purus, Inc.) 

San Jose, CA 

Photolytic Oxidation Steve McAdams 

408-453-0490 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

U.S. EPA Region IX 

San Francisco, CA 

Excavation and Foam 

Suppression of Volatiles 

John Blevins 

415-744-2400 

Demonstration Completed 1990

U.S. Filter 

(formerly Ultrox) 

Santa Ana, CA 

Ultraviolet Radiation and 

Oxidation 

John Lowry 

412-722-1247 

Demonstration Completed 1989

Weiss Associates 

Emeryville, CA 

Electrochemcial 

Geoxidation 

Joe Lovenitti 

510-450-6141 

Demonstration Completed 2003

Xon Tech, Inc. 

Van Nuys, CA 

Xon Tech Sector Sampler Matt Young 

818-787-7380 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1991 

X-19 Biological 

Products, Inc. 

Microbial Degradation of 

PCBs 

Paul E. Gill 

408-970-9485 

Demonstration Completed 2002

Colorado 

CF Systems Corporation 

Arvada, CO 

Solvent Extraction L.V. 

Benningfield 

303-420-1550 

Demonstration Completed 1988

Batch Organics Extraction 

Unit 

L.V. 

Benningfield 

303-420-1550 

Demonstration Completed

Colorado Dept. of 

Health 

Denver, CO 

Wetland-Based Treatment 

for Mineral Mine Drainage 

Jim Lewis 

303-692-3390 

Demonstration Completed 1999

Colorado School of 

Mines, Golden, CO 

and Colorado 

Department of Health 

Denver, CO 

Wetlands-Based 

Treatment 

Thomas 

Wildeman 

303-273-3642 

Emerging Technology Completed 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-6 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Colorado (continued) 

General Environmental 

Corporation 

Englewood, CO 

Electrocoagulation Carl Dalrymple 

303-761-6960 

Demonstration Completed 1995

Pintail Systems, 

Aurora, CO 

Inc. 

Biodegradation of Cyanide Caren Caldwell 

303-367-8443 

Demonstration Completed 1998

Biostabilization of Lead Leslie 

Thompson 

303-367-8443 

Demonstration Completed 2000

Biostabilization of Mercury 

Mining Wastes 

Leslie 

Thompson 

303-367-8443 

Demonstration Completed

Biological Stabilization of 

Arsenic in Soils 

Leslie 

Thompson 

303-367-8443 

Demonstration Completed 2000

Region 8 and State of 

Colorado 

Multiple Innovative Passive 

mine Drainage Technologies 

Victor 

Kettellapper 

303-312-6578 

Demonstration Completed 2001

Rocky Mountain 

Remediation Services 

Golden, CO 

Environmental Soil 

Amendment (Stabilization) 

Jim Barthel 

303-215-6620 

Demonstration Completed

Smith Environmental 

Technologies 

Corporation (formerly 

Canonie Environmental 

Services Corp.) 

Englewood, CO 

Low Temperature Thermal 

Aeration 

Joseph Hutton 

303-790-1747 

Demonstration Completed 1992

Anaerobic Thermal 

Processor 

Joseph Hutton 

303-790-1747 

Demonstration Completed 1991

Connecticut 

Dexsil Corporation 

Hamden, CT 

4 demonstrations 

Environmental Test Kits 

(PCB) Chlor-N-Soil 

L2000 PCB/Chloride 

Analyzer 

Jack Mahon 

203-288-3509 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1993 

University of 

Connecticut 

Permanganate/Persulfate 

Oxidation Treatment for 

PCE 

George Hoag 

860-486-2781 

Demonstration Ongoing

Milestone 

Monroe, CT 

Thermal Decomposition, 

Atomic Absorption 

Stephen Billets 

U.S. EPA 

702-798-2232 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2003 

E.I. DuPont de Nemours 

and Co. and Oberlin 

Filter Co. 

Newark, DE and 

Waukesha, WI 

Membrane Microfiltration Ernest Mayer 

302-774-2277 

Demonstration Completed 1990
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-7 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Delaware 

Hewlett-Packard 

(formerly MTI 

Analytical Instruments) 

Wilmington, DE 

Portable Gas Chromatograph HewlettPackard 

800-227-9770 

Bob Belair 

302-633-8487 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1992 

Remediation 

Technology 

Development Forum, 

HSRC 

Innovative Capping Design Richard Jensen 

302-695-4685 

Demonstration Ongoing 

Strategic Diagnostics 

Inc. (formerly Ensys, 

Inc.) 

Newark, DE 

Immunoassay for PCP Tim Lawruk 

800-544-8881 

302-456-6782 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1993 

Immunoassay and 

Colorimetry for Dioxin 

Bob Ferguson 

1-800-544-8881 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2004 

Florida 

Funderburk and 

Associates 

Apollo Beach, FL 

Dechlorination and 

Immobilization 

Ray Funderburk 

800-723-8847 

Demonstration Completed 1997 

High Voltage 

Environmental 

Applications, 

Inc./Florida 

International University 

and University of Miami 

Miami, FL 

High-Energy Electron 

Irradiation 

(Aqueous) 

William Cooper 

910-962-3450 

Emerging Technology 

Demonstration 

Completed 1993 

Completed 1994 

High Voltage 

Environmental 

Applications, Inc. 

Miami, FL 

High Energy Electronic 

Beam (Solids) 

William Cooper 

305-593-5330 

Emerging Technology Completed 

PCP, Inc. 

West Palm Beach, FL 

Ion Mobility Spectrometry Martin Cohen 

407-683-0507 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1991 

Georgia 

American Combustion, 

Inc. 

Norcross, GA 

PYRETRON 

Thermal Destruction 

Gregory Gitman 

404-564-4180 

Demonstration Completed 1988

ETG., Inc. 

Norcross, GA 

Long-Path Fourier 

Transform Infrared 

Spectrometer 

Orman Simpson 

404-242-0977 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1992 

Sonotech, Inc. 

Atlanta, GA 

Frequency Tunable Pulse 

Combustion System 

Ben Zinn 

404-894-3033 

Demonstration Completed 1995

Williams Environmental 

Services, Inc. (Formerly 

Harmon Environmental 

Services, Inc.) 

Stone Mountain, GA 

Soil Washing S. Jackson 

Hubbard 

(U.S. EPA) 

513-569-7507 

Emerging Technology Exited 1992 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-8 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Hawaii 

University of Hawaii Microbial Cell Technology Dr. Ping-Yi 

Yang 

808-956-8459 

Demonstration Ongoing 

Idaho 

Aquatic Research 

Instruments 

Sediment Core Sampler Will Young 

208-768-2222 

Monitoring and Measurement Completed 

Aquatic Research 

Instruments 

Russian Peat Borer Will Young 

208-768-2222 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 

Argonne National 

Laboratory West 

Idaho Fall, ID 

Phytoremediation of 

Radionuclides 

Scott Lee 

208-533-7829 

Demonstration Ongoing 

Art’s Manufacturing 

and Supply 

AMSTM Dual-Tube Liner 

Soil Sampler 

Brian Anderson 

800-635-7330 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 

AMSTM Split Core Sampler Brian Anderson 

800-635-7330 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1999 

J.R. Simplot Co. 

Pocatello, ID 

Anaerobic Biological 

Process 

Russell Kaake 

208-235-5620 

Emerging Technology Completed 1993 

Anaerobic Biological 

Process 

Tom Yergovich 

209-858-2511 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Morrison Knudsen 

Corp./STG 

Technologies 

Boise, ID 

Grouting Technique Kathryn Levihn 

Rick Raymondi 

208-386-6115 

Demonstration Completed 

Process Technologies, 

Inc. 

Boise, ID 

Photolytic Destruction of 

SVE off-gases 

Michael Swan 

208-385-0900 

Demonstration Exited 

U.S. DOE/ Duke 

Engineering 

Lockheed, ID 

Surfactant Enhanced 

Acquifer Remediation 

Michael Shook 

208-526-6945 

Demonstration Completed 1999

Illinois 

Allied Signal 

Corporation 

Des Plains, IL 

Submerged Aerobic Fixed 

Film Reactor 

Steve Lupton 

708-391-3500 

Demonstration Completed 

Argonne National 

Laboratory East 

Phyroremediation of 

Radionuclides 

Christina Negri Demonstration Completed 2003 

GTI 

Des Plaines, IL 

Thermal Sediment Reuse 

Technology 

Anil Goyal 

847-768-0605 

Demonstration Ongoing 

Oxford Instruments XRF Analyzer Ruhre Gehrien Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Ongoing 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-9 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Illinois (continued) 

Institute of Gas 

Technology 

Chemical and Biological 

Treatment 

Robert Kelley 

847-768-0722 

Emerging Technology Completed 1993 

Fluid Extraction-Biological 

Degradation Process 

Albert Paterek 

847-768-0720 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

Fluidized-Bed Cyclonic 

Agglomerating Incinerator 

Mike Mensinger 

847-768-0602 

Amir Rehmat 

847-768-0588 

Emerging Technology Completed 

Institute of Gas 

Technology 

Superficial 

Extraction/Liquid Phase 

Oxidation of Waste 

Mike Mensinger 

847-768-0602 

Emerging Technology Completed 

OHM Environmental 

(formerly RUST 

Remedial Services, Inc.) 

Lombard, IL 

X-TRAX Thermal 

Desorption 

Dick Ayen 

803-646-2413 

Demonstration Completed 1992

Recycling Sciences, Inc. 

Chicago, IL 

Desorption and Vapor 

Extraction System 

William 

Meenan 

312-663-4269 

Demonstration Completed

Wheelabrator Clean Air 

Systems (formerly 

Chemical Waste 

Management) 

Schaumburg, IL 

Evaporation and 

Oxidation 

Chemical Bob Hernquist 

708-706-6900 

Demonstration Completed

Indiana 

Bio-Rem, Inc. 

Butler, IN 

Augmented In-situ 

Subsurface Bioremediation 

Process 

David Mann 

219-868-5823 

800-428-4626 

Demonstration Completed 1993

Geoprobe 

Salina, KS 

Soil, Water, Vapor 

Sampling Cone 

Penetrometer 

Wes McCall 

Tom Omli 

800-436-7762 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1995 

Sevenson 

Environmental Services, 

Inc. 

Munster, IN 

Chemical Stabilization of 

Mercury Mining Wastes 

Steve Chisick 

219-836-0116 

Demonstration Exited 

Sevenson 

Environmental Services, 

Inc. 

Munster, IN 

MAECTITE® 

Treatment Process 

Chuck 

McPheeters 

219-836-0116 

Demonstration Completed 2000

Soil Tech, ATP 

Inc 

Porter, IN 

Systems Thermal Desorption Joe Hutton 

219-926-8651 

Demonstration Completed 1992

Iowa 

Clements Associates, 

Inc. 

JMC Environmentalist’s Subsoil 

Probe 

Jim Clements 

515-792-8285 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-10 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Kansas 

Geoprobe Systems 

Salina, KS 

Large Bore Soil Sampler Wesley McCall 

Tom Omli 

800-436-7762 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 

Kentucky 

Microsensor System, 

Inc. 

Bowling Green, KY 

Portable Gas Chromatograph Norman Davis 

502-752-1353 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 1995 

Louisiana 

Advanced Remediation 

Mixing, Inc. (Formerly 

Chemfix Technologies, 

Inc.) 

Kenner, LA 

Solidification and 

Stabilization 

Sam Pizzitola 

504-461-0466 

Demonstration Completed 1989

Electrokinetics, Inc. 

Baton Rouge, LA 

Electrokinetic Remediation Elif Acar 

504-388-3992 

Emerging Technology 

Demonstration 

Completed 1989 

Exited 

Electro-Klean 

Electrokinetic 

Soil Remediation 

Elif Acar 

504-753-8004 

Emerging Technology Exited 

SBP Technologies, Inc. 

Baton Rouge, LA 

Membrane Separation and 

Bioremediation 

Clayton Page 

504-755-7711 

Demonstration Completed

1995 

Maine 

Cape Technologies 

South Portland, ME 

DFI Immunoassay for 

Dioxin 

Bob Harrison 

207-741-2995 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2004 

Maryland 

Quadrel Services, Inc. Emflux® Soil-Gas Survey 

System 

Bruce Tucker 

Paul Henning 

301-874-5510 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 

W. L. Gore and 

Associates, Inc. 

Gore-Scrubber® Passive 

Soil Gas Sampler 

Ray 

Fenstermacher 

410-392-7600 

Monitoring and Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 

Massachusetts 

ABB Environmental 

Services, Inc. 

Wakefield, MA 

Anaerobic/ 

Aerobic Sequential 

Bioremediation 

Willard Murray 

617-245-6606 

Emerging Technology Completed 1998 

Harding Lawson 

Associates (formally 

ABB Environmental 

Services, Inc.) 

Wakefield, MA 

Two-Zone Plume 

Interception In-situ 

Treatment Strategy 

Jaret Johnson 

Willard Murray 

617-245-6606 

Emerging Technology Completed 

Harding-Lawson 

Engineers 

Wakefield, MA 

In-situ Anerobic-aerotic 

Bioremediation 

William Murray 

617-245-6606 

Demonstration Completed 2003
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-11 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Massachusetts (continued) 

Bruker Instruments 

Billerica, MA 

Bruker Mobile 

Environmental Monitor 

Dr. Brian 

Abraham 

508-667-9580 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 

HNU Systems, Inc. 

Newtown, MA 

Portable Gas Chromatograph Jack Driscoll 

800-724-6690 

617-964-6690 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1992 

HNU Systems, Inc. 

Newtown, MA 

Portable X-Ray 

Fluorescence Spectrometer 

Jack Driscoll 

800-724-6690 

617-964-6690 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1995 

Innov-X Systems, Inc. 

Woburn, MA 

XRF Analyzer Rose Koch 

781-938-5005 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Ongoing 

KSE, Inc. 

Amherst, MA 

Air II Photocatalytic 

Technology for Air Streams 

James Kittrell 

413-549-5506 

Demonstration Completed 1999

Maxymillian 

Technologies, Inc. 

(formerly Clean 

Berkshires) 

Lanesboro, MA 

High Temperature Thermal 

Process 

Jim 

Maxymillian 

413-499-3050 

Demonstration Completed 1993 

Millipore Corporation 

Bedford, MA 

EnviroGard PCB 

Immunoassay Test Kit 

Alan Weiss 

617-275-9200 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1992 

Immunoassay for PCP (Soil, 

Water) 

Alan Weiss 

617-275-9200 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1993 

Niton Corporation 

Bedford, MA 

Portable X-Ray 

Fluorescence Spectrometer 

Don Sackett 

781-275-9275 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1995 

Niton Corp. 

Billerica, MA 

X-Ray Fluorescence 

Analyzer 

Debbie Schatzlein Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 2003 

XRF Analyzer Debbie Schatzlein Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Ongoing 

Ohmicron Corporation 

Newton, MA 

Immunoassay for PCP in 

Soil 

Mary Hayes 

215-860-5115 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1993 

PSI Technology 

Andover, MA 

Co. Immobilize and 

Decontaminate Metals in 

Aggregate Solids 

Joseph Morency 

508-689-0003 

Emerging Technology Completed 1993 

Rontel USA, Inc. 

Carlisle, MA 

XRF Analyzer Paul Smith 

978-266-2900 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Ongoing 

Terra-Therm LLC 

Fitchburg, MA 

In-Situ Thermal Ralph Baker 978-

343-0300 

Demonstration Completed 2002

UV Technologies, Inc. 

(formerly Energy and 

Environmental 

Engineering, Inc.) 

East Cambridge, MA 

Laser-Induced 

Photochemical Oxidative 

Destruction 

John Roll 

James Porter 

617-666-5500 

Emerging Technology Completed 1993 

 

 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-12 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Michigan (and Mississippi) 

Army Corps of 

Engineers 

Phytoremediation Detroit, MI and 

Vicksburg, MS 

Demonstration Completed 2003

Limnotech 

Ann Arbor, MI 

In-Situ Hydrogen-Enhanced 

Remediation 

John Wolfe 

734-332-1200 

Demonstration Ongoing

Minnesota 

BioTrol Inc. 

Eden Prairie, MN 

Biotreatment of 

Groundwater 

Dennis Chilcote 

612-942-8032 

Demonstration Completed 1989

BioTrol, Inc. 

Eden Prairie, MN 

Methanotropic Bioreactor 

System 

Durell Dobbins 

612-942-8032 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

BioTrol, Inc. 

Eden Prairie, MN 

Biological Aqueous 

Treatment System 

Durell Dobbins 

612-942-8032 

Demonstration Completed 1989

BioTrol, Inc. 

Eden Prairie, MN 

Soil Washing System Dennis Chilcote 

612-942-8032 

Demonstration Completed 1989

Membrane Corporation 

Minneapolis, MN 

Membrane Gas Transfer in 

Waste Remediation 

Charles Gantzer 

612-378-2160 

Emerging Technology Discontinued 

Missouri 

COGNIS TERRAMET 

Gross, MO 

Removal of Lead from Soils Lou Magdits 

573-626-3476 

Demonstration Completed 1994

Montana 

Montana College of 

Mineral Science and 

Technology 

Butte, MT 

Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone Theodore Jordan 

406-496-4112 

406-496-4193 

Emerging Technology Completed 1994 

Campbell Centrifugal Jig Gordon Ziesing 

406-496-1573 

406-496-4193 

Emerging Technology Ongoing 

Nebraska 

University of Nebraska 

Lincoln, NE 

Spray Irrigation Ray Spalding 

402-483-3931 

Demonstration Completed 1996

Nevada 

U.S. EPA 

Las Vegas, NV 

Field Analytical 

Program 

(FASP) 

Screening Howard Fribush 

703-603-8831 

Larry Jack 

702-798-2373 

Demonstration Completed 1996

University of Nevada, 

Reno 

Reno, NV 

Passive Constructed 

Wetlands 

Tim Tsukamoto 

775-784-4413 

Demonstration Ongoing

New Hampshire 

XDD, LLC 

Stratham, NH 

In-Situ Chemical Oxidation Ken Sperry 

484-224-3031 

Demonstration Ongoing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-13 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

New Jersey 

Accutech Inc 

Keyport, NJ and 

New Jersey Institute of 

Technology 

Newark, NJ 

Pneumatic Fracturing 

Extraction and Hot Gas 

Injection 

John Liskowitz 

908-739-6444 

Demonstration Completed 1992

ART International, Inc. 

(formerly Enviro 

Sciences, Inc.) 

Denville, NJ 

Low-Energy Solvent 

Extraction Process 

Werner Steiner 

201-627-7601 

Emerging Technology Completed 1994 

Dehydro-Tech. 

Corporation 

Somerville, NJ 

Carver-Greenfield Process 

for Extraction of Oily Waste 

Theodore 

Trowbridge 

908-904-1606 

Demonstration Completed 1991

Geotech Development 

Corporation 

Newark, NJ 

Cold Top Vitrification William Librizzi 

201-596-5846 

Thomas Tate 

610-337-8515 

Demonstration Exited 

Envirogen, Inc. 

Lawrenceville, NJ 

Microbial Degradation/ 

Solvent Extraction 

Ronald Unterman 

(609) 936-9300 

Demonstration Completed 2000

Metorex 

Ewing, NJ 

XRF John Patterson 

609-406-9000 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 2003 

M.L. ENERGIA, Inc. 

Princeton, NJ 

Reductive PhotoDechlorination Treatment Moshe Lavid 

609-799-7970 

Emerging Technology Completed 1995 

M.L. ENERGIA, Inc. 

Princeton, NJ 

Reductive 

Photo-Thermal Oxidation 

Processes for Chlorocarbons 

Moshe Lavid 

609-799-7970 

Emerging Technology Completed 

New Jersey Institute of 

Technology, Hazardous 

Substance Management 

Research Center 

Newark, NJ 

Pneumatic Fracturing/ 

Bioremediation 

John Schuring 

201-596-5849 

David Kosson 

908-445-4346 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

New Jersey Institute of 

Technology 

Newark, NJ and 

GeoTech Development 

Corporation 

King of Prussia, PA 

Cold Top Vitrification William Librizzi 

201-596-5846 

Thomas Tate 

610-337-8515 

Demonstration Exited 

New Jersey Institute of 

Technology 

Newark, NJ 

GHEA Associates Process Itzhak Gottlieb 

201-226-4642 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

Phytotech, Inc. 

Monmouth, NJ 

Phytoextraction of metal 

from soil 

Burt Ensley 

908-438-0900 

Demonstration Completed 1998

Sentex Sensing 

Technology, Inc. 

Ridgefield, NJ 

Portable Gas Chromatograph Amos Linenberg 

201-945-3694 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1992 

Solucorp 

Saddle Back, NJ 

Molecular Bonding System Robert Kuhn 

914-623-2333 

Demonstration Completed

 

 

 

 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-14 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

New Mexico 

Billings and Associates, 

Inc. 

Albuquerque, NM 

Subsurface Volatilization 

and Ventilation System 

Gale Billings 

505-345-1116 

Don Brenneman 

713-676-5324 

Demonstration Completed 1994

Commodore Advanced 

Sciences, Inc. 

Albuquerque, NM

Set Process for PCBs in soil Mark Jones 

505-872-6803 

Demonstration Completed 2000

Resource Management 

and Recovery (formerly 

Bio-Recovery Systems, 

Inc.) 

Las Cruces, NM 

AlgaSorb Biological 

Sorption 

Mike Hosea 

505-382-9228 

Emerging Technology Completed 1990 

Sandia National 

Laboratories 

Albuquerque, NM 

Electrokinetic Extraction in 

Unsaturated Soils 

Eric Lindgren 

505-844-3820 

Earl Mattson 

505-856-3311 

Demonstration Completed 1999

Thermo Nutech 

(formerly TMA 

Eberline) 

Albuquerque, NM 

Segmented Gate System for 

Radioactive Materials 

Jeff Brown 

423-481-0683 

Emerging Technology Completed 

New York 

Pasacelsian 

Ithaca, NY 

Cellular Receptor 

Immunoassay for Dioxin 

Amy Hall 

888-689-4224 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technology 

Completed 2004 

Photovac International, 

Inc. 

Deer Park, NY 

Portable Gas Chromatograph Mark Collins 

516-254-4199 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1992 

SBP Technologies, Inc. 

White Plains, NY 

Bioventing, Air Sparging, 

Biological Treatment for 

Ground Water (multideveloper project with State 

of New York) 

Richard Desrosiers 

914-694-2280 

Nick Kolak 

518-457-3372 

Demonstration Completed 1995

RECRA Environmental, 

Inc. 

(formerly Electro-Pure 

Systems, Inc.) 

Amherst, NY 

Alternating Current 

Electrocoagula-tion 

Technology 

Kenneth Kinecki 

800-527-3272 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

State University 

York at Oswego 

Oswego, NY 

of New Photocatalytic Treatment 

Sediments 

for Ronald Scrudato 

Jeffrey 

Shiarenzelli 

315-341-3639 

Emerging Technology Completed 1995 

Texaco Syngas, Inc. 

White Plains, NY 

Gasification Process John Winter 

316-251-4000 ext. 

536 

Demonstration Completed 1994

Xcalibur XRF Services, 

Inc. 

Islandia, NY 

XRF Analyzers 631-435-9749 Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Ongoing 

Xerox Corporation 

Webster, NY 

Ground Water Extraction Ron Hess 

716-422-3694 

Phil Mook 

916-643-5443 

Demonstration Completed 1995
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-15 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

North Carolina 

Hybrizyme 

Raleigh, NC 

Immunoassay and 

Colorimetry for Dioxin 

Randy Allen 

919-783-9595 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 2004 

MTI, Inc. 

Wilmington, NC 

Anodic Stripping 

Voltametry 

Stephen Billets 

U.S. EPA 

702-798-2232 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 2003 

Xenobiotics 

Durham, NC 

Cell Based Immunoassay for 

Dioxin 

Jeff Sturkey 

919-688-4804 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Competed 2004 

Ohio 

ASC/EMR 

Wright Patterson AFB 

Dayton, OH 

Phytoremediation of TCE 

Groundwater 

in Greg Harvey 

513-255-7716 

Demonstration Completed 1998 

Babock and Wilcox 

Alliance Research 

Center 

Alliance, OH 

Cyclone Vitrification Lawrence King 

216-829-7576 

Demonstration Completed 1991 

Battelle Memorial 

Institute 

Columbus, OH 

In-situ Electroacoustic Soil 

Decontamination 

Satya Chauhan 

614-424-4812 

Emerging Technology Completed 

Commodore 

Environmental 

Columbus, Ohio 

Solvated Electron Treatment 

of Chlorinated Organics 

Neil Dronby 

614-297-0365 

Demonstration Completed 1996 

Ferro Corporation 

Independence, OH 

Waste Vitrification 

Through Electric Melting 

S.K. Muralidhar 

216-641-8580 

Emerging Technology Completed 

IT Corporation 

Cincinnati, OH 

Chelation/ 

Electro-deposition of Toxic 

Metals from Soil 

Radha Krishnan 

513-782-4700 

Emerging Technology Completed 

IT Corporation (formerly 

OHM Remediation 

Services Corp.) 

Findlay, OH 

Oxygen Microbubble 

In-situ Bioremediation 

Douglas Jerger 

423-690-3211 

Emerging Technology Completed 1998 

Monsanto/ Dupont 

Cincinnati, OH 

In-situ Electroosmosis of 

TCE in soil/ Groundwaters 

“Lasagna Process” 

Thomas 

Holdsworth 

513-569-7675 

Demonstration Completed 1998 

Ohio Lumex Co. 

Twinsburg, OH 

Atomic Absorption 

Spectroscopy 

Stephen Billets 

U.S. EPA 

702-798-2232 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 2003 

University of Dayton 

Research Institute 

Dayton, OH 

Photothermal Detoxification 

Unit (PDU) 

Berry Dellinger 

John Graham 

513-229-2846 

Emerging Technology Completed 1994 

US EPA Mobile Volume 

Reduction Unit 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

Soil Washing Richard Griffith 

908-321-6629 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

U.S. EPA NRMRL 

Cincinnati, OH 

Bioventing Paul McCauley 

513-569-7444 

Demonstration Completed 1997 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-16 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Ohio (continued) 

U.S. EPA NRMRL and 

ETG Environmental 

Cincinnati, OH 

Base-Catalyzed 

Dechlorination Process 

George Huffman 

513-569-7341 

Yei-Shong Shieh 

215-832-0700 

Demonstration Completed 1993

U.S. EPA Risk 

Reduction Engineering 

Laboratory and IT 

Corporation 

Cincinnati, OH 

Debris Washing System Michael Taylor 

513-782-4700 

Demonstration Completed 1990

U.S. EPA Risk 

Reduction Engineering 

Laboratory and FRX, 

Inc. 

Cincinnati, OH 

Hydraulic Fracturing William Slack 

513-469-6040 

Demonstration Completed 1992

U.S. EPA 

NRMRL 

Cincinnati, OH 

Alternate Cover Assessment 

Program (ACAP) 

Steve Rock 

513-569-7149 

Demonstration Completed 2001

U.S. EPA 

NRMRL 

Cincinnati, OH 

Base Catalyzed 

Decomposition 

Terry Lyons 

513-569-7589 

Demonstration Completed 2004

Oklahoma 

Geo-Microbial 

Technologies, Ochelata, 

OK 

Technology for Metals 

Release and Removal from 

Wastes 

Donald Hitzman 

918-535-2281 

Emerging Technology Completed 2001 

Oregon 

Metorex, Inc. 

Bend, OR 

Field Portable X-Ray 

Fluorescence (FPXRF) 

Jim Pasmore 

800-229-9209 

541-385-6748 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1995 

Pennsylvania 

Aluminum Company of 

America (formerly Alcoa 

Separations Technology, 

Inc.) 

Pittsburgh, PA 

Bioscrubber Paul Liu 

412-826-3711 

Emerging Technology Completed 1993 

Calgon Carbon 

Oxidation Technologies 

(formerly Peroxidation 

Systems, Inc.) 

Pittsburgh, PA 

Perox-Pur Chemical 

Oxidation 

Bertrand Dussert 

412-787-6681 

Demonstration Completed 1995

Center for Hazardous 

Materials Research 

Pittsburgh, PA 

Acid Extraction 

System 

Treatment Stephe Paff 

412-826-5321 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

Center for Hazardous 

Materials Research 

Pittsburgh, PA 

Organics Destruction and 

Metals Stabilization 

B Stephe Paff 

412-826-5321 

Brian Bosilovich 

412-826-5321 

Emerging Technology Completed 1995 

 

 

 

 

 

 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-17 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Pennsylvania (continued) 

Concurrent Technologies 

(formerly Center for 

Hazardous Materials 

Research) 

Pittsburgh, PA 

Lead Smelting Brian Bosilovich 

412-826-5321 

Emerging Technology Completed 1993 

MacTec-SPB 

Technologies Company 

Pittsburgh, PA 

In Well Vapor Stripping of 

Ground Water 

Mark McGlathery 

800-444-6221 

Demonstration Completed 1999

Geo-Con, Inc. 

Monroeville, PA 

2 Demonstrations 

In-situ Solidification/ 

Stabilization 

Linda Ward 

Robert Hayden 

412-856-7700 

Demonstration Completed 1988

Horsehead Resource 

Development Co. Inc. 

Monaca, PA 

Flame Reactor Regis Zagrocki 

610-826-8810 

Demonstration Completed

Lewis Environmental 

Services, Inc. 

Pittsburgh, PA 

Soil Leaching Process Tom Lewis III 

412-322-8100 

Emerging Technology Exited 

Strategic Diagnostics, 

Inc. 

Newtown, PA 

Immunoassay for PCP Craig Kostyshyn 

215-860-5115 

ext. 634 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1993 

Remediation 

Technologies, Inc. 

Pitsburgh, PA 

Slurry Biodegradation David Nakles 

412-826-3340 

Demonstration Completed 1991

R.E. Wright 

Middletown, PA 

Bioventing, Air Sparging, 

Biological Treatment for 

Ground Water (multideveloper project with state 

of New York) 

Richard Cronce 

717-944-5501 

Demonstration Completed 1992

Roy F. Weston, Inc. 

West Chester, PA 

Thermal Desorption Mike Cosmos 

215-430-7423 

Demonstration Completed 1992

Roy F. Weston, Inc. 

West Chester, PA 

Steam Regeneration 

Adsorption System 

(Ambersorb) 

John 

Thoroughgood 

610-701-3728 

Deborah Plantz 

215-537-4061 

Emerging Technology Completed 1995 

Vortec Corp 

Collegeville, PA 

Oxidation and Vitrification 

Process 

James Hnat 

610-489-2255 

Emerging Technology 

Demonstration 

Completed 1993 

Exited 

South Carolina 

E&C Williams 

Summerville, SC 

Chemical Stabilization of 

Mercury Mining Wastes 

Charlie Williams 

843-821-4200 

Demonstration Completed 2001

University of South 

Carolina 

Columbia, SC 

In-situ Mitigation of Acid 

Water 

Frank Caruccio 

803-777-4512 

Emerging Technology Completed 1995 

 

 

 

 

 

 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-18 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Tennessee 

Bergmann USA 

Gallatin, TN 

Soil and Sediment Washing 

Technology 

George Jones 

615-230-2217 

Demonstration Completed 1992

Brown and Root 

Environmental/ 

Illinois Institute of 

Technology 

Oak Ridge, TN 

Radio Frequency Heating Clifton Blanchard 

423-483-9900 

Demonstration Completed 1994

IT Corporation 

Knoxville, TN 

Batch Steam Distillation and 

Metal Extraction 

Stuart Shealy 

423-690-3211 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

Eimco Biolift Slurry Reactor 

as developed by Tekno 

Associates 

Kandi Brown 

423-690-3211 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

Mixed Waste Treatment 

Process 

Ed Alperin 

615-690-3211 

Emerging Technology Completed 1995 

IT Corporation 

Knoxville, TN 

Photocalytic and Biological 

Soil Detoxificaiton 

Duane Graves 

423-690-3211 

Emerging Technology Completed 1993 

WASTECH, Inc. 

Oak Ridge, TN 

Solidification/ Stabilization Terrence Lyons 

U.S. EPA 

513-569-7859 

Demonstration Completed 1991

Texas 

Geokinetics and Duke 

Engineering 

Electrokinetic Flushing & 

Surfactant Flushing 

Harry Linnemeyer 

512-425-2000 

Steven Clark 

510-704-2940 

Demonstration Completed 1999

EET, Inc. 

Bellaire, TX 

PCB/Metals Extraction from 

Porous Surfaces 

Tim Tarrillion 

713-662-0727 

Demonstration Completed 1997

ENSR Consulting 

Engineering and Larson 

Engineering 

Houston, TX 

Bioventing, Air Sparging, 

Biological Treatment for 

Ground Water (multideveloper project with the 

State of New York) 

David Ramsden 

(ENSR) 

713-520-6802 

N. Sathi-yakumar 

716-272-7310 

Demonstration Completed 1995

Filter Flow Technology, 

Inc. 

League City, TX 

Colloid Polishing Method Todd Johnson 

713-334-6080 

Demonstration Completed 1992

Fugro Geosciences, Inc. 

Houston, TX 

Laser Fluorescence PAH, 

BTEX Screening Cone 

Penetrometer 

Andrew Taer 

713-778-5580 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1996 

Hanby Environmental 

Laboratory Wimberly, 

TX 

PCP Test Kit John Hanby 

512-847-1212 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1993 

Hrubetz Environmental 

Services, Inc. 

Dallas, TX 

HRUBOUT Process Barbara Hrubetz 

Michael Hrubetz 

214-363-7833 

Demonstration Completed 1993

Rigaku, Inc. 

Woodlands, TX 

XRF Analyzer John Martin 

281-363-1033 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Ongoing 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-19 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Texas (continued) 

Solidtech, Inc. 

Houston, TX 

Solidification and 

Stabilization 

Bill Stallworth 

713-497-8558 

Demonstration Completed 1988

Star Organics 

Dallas, TX 

Injection Soil Amendment 

(Stabilization) 

Phil Clarke 

214-522-0742 

Demonstration Completed 1999

TN Spectrace 

Round Rock, TX 

Portable X-Ray 

Fluorescence Spectrometer 

Peter Barry 

512-388-9100 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1995 

Micro-Bac International, 

Inc. 

Microbial Degradation of 

PCBs 

Todd Kenney 

512-310-9000 

Demonstration Completed 2002

University of Houston 

Houston, TX 

Concentrated Salt Extraction 

of Lead 

Dennis Clifford 

713-743-4266 

Emerging Technology Completed 1999 

Western Product 

Recovery Group, Inc. 

Houston, TX 

CCBA Physical and 

Chemical Treatment 

Donald Kelly 

713-493-9321 

Bert Elkins 

619-749-8856 

Emerging Technology Completed 1994 

Utah 

Phytokinetics, Inc. 

North Logan, UT 

Phytoremediation of Soils Ari Ferro 

801-750-0985 

Emerging Technology 

Demonstration 

Completed 1999 

Completed 1999 

Vermont 

Green Mountain 

Laboratories 

Biodegradation 

Soils 

of PCBs in Adam Longee 

802-223-1468 

Demonstration Completed 2000

Virginia 

BioGenesis Enterprises, 

Inc. 

Fairfax Station, VA 

Soil Washing/ 

Biological Treatment 

Charles Wilde 

703-913-9700 

Demonstration Completed 1992

BioGenesis Enterprises, 

Inc. 

Springfield, VA 

Sediment Washing System Charles Wilde 

703-913-9700 

Demonstration Ongoing

BWX Tech., Inc. 

(Affiliate of Babcock 

and Wilcox Co. 

Lynchburg, VA 

Cyclone Furnace Evan Reynolds 

804-522-6000 

Emerging Technology 

Demonstration 

Completed 1992 

Completed 1991 

Dynaphore, Inc. 

Richmond, VA 

Removal of Dissolved 

Heavy Metals via 

FORAGER Sponge 

Norman Rainer 

804-288-7109 

Demonstration Completed 1994

ITT Industries 

Roanoke, VA 

Enhanced In-Situ 

Bioremediation of 

Chlorinated Compounds 

Rosann 

Kryczkowski 

540-362-7356 

Demonstration Completed 1999

Wako Chemicals 

Richmond, VA 

Dioxin Elisa Kit Emmy Leung 

877-714-1920 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technology 

Completed 2004 

Washington 

ECOVA Corporation 

Redmond, WA 

Bioslurry Reactor Alan Jones 

206-883-1900 

Demonstration Completed 1991

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-20 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Washington (continued) 

Geosafe Corporation 

Richland, WA 

In-situ Vitrification James Hansen 

Matthew Haass 

509-375-0710 

Demonstration Completed 1994

Ionics/ Resources 

Conservation Co. 

Bellevue, WA 

BEST Solvent Extraction William Hines 

206-828-2400 

Demonstration Completed 1992

Keeco Chemical Stabilization of 

Mercury Mining Wastes 

Amy Anderson 

888-977-9156 

Demonstration Completed 2001

Port of Ridgefield Steam Enhanced 

Remediation 

Brent Grening 

360-887-3873 

Demonstration Ongoing

Remediation 

Technologies, Inc. 

(ReTec) Seattle, WA 

Methanotrophic Biofilm 

Reactor 

Hans Stroo 

206-624-9349 

Emerging Technology Completed 1995 

Remediation 

Technologies, Inc. 

(ReTec) Seattle, WA 

Liquid and Soils Biological 

Treatment 

Merv Cooper 

206-624-9349 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Scitec Corporation 

Richland, WA 

Field Portable X-Ray 

Fluorescence 

Steve Santy 

800-466-5323 

509-783-9850 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1995 

University of 

Washington 

Seattle, WA 

Asdorptive Filtration Mark Benjamin 

206-543-7645 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

Wilder Construction Matcon Modified Asphalt 

Cap 

W. Randall Garrett 

800-484-9404 

Demonstration Completed 2001

Wisconsin 

Minergy Thermal Sediment Reuse 

Technology 

Terry Carroll 920-

727-1411 

Demonstration Completed 2001

Svedala Industries 

(formerly Allis Mineral 

Systems) 

Oak Creek, WI 

Pyrokiln Thermal 

Encapsulation Process 

Jim Kidd 

414-798-6341 

Glenn Heian 

414-762-1190 

Emerging Technology Completed 1993 

US EPA/ NRMRL USDA Forest Products Lab 

Madison 

Fungus Treatment 

Technology 

Richard Lamar 

608-231-9469 

Demonstration Completed 1991

University of Wisconsin, 

Madison, WI 

Photoelectro-catalytic 

Treatment of Metals and 

Organics in Water 

Marc Anderson 

608-262-2674 

Charles Hill, Jr. 

608-263-4593 

Emerging Technology Completed 

Wyoming 

Western Research 

Institute 

Laramie, WY 

Contained Recovery of Oily 

Wastes (CROW) 

James Speight 

307-721-2011 

Emerging Technology 

Demonstration 

Completed 1991 

Completed 1997 

 

 

 

 

 

 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-21 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

Canada 

Atomic Energy of 

Canada, Limited Chalk 

River, Ontario 

Ultrasonic-Acid Leachate 

Treatment for Mixed Wastes 

Shiv Vijayan 

613-583-3311 

ext. 3220/6057 

Emerging Technology Completed 

Atomic Energy of 

Canada, Limited Chalk 

River, Ontario 

Chemical Treatment and 

Ultrafiltration 

Leo Buckley 

613-584-3311 

Emerging Technology Completed 1993 

Cone Tech 

Investigations 

Vancouver, British 

Colombia 

Resistivity, pH, Seismic, 

Temperature, Cone 

Penetrometer 

Ward Phillips 

604-327-4311 

Monitoring and 

Measurement Technologies 

Completed 1992 

ELI Ecologic 

International, Inc. 

Rockwood, Ontario 

Thermal Gas Phase 

Reduction Process and 

Thermal Desorption 

Jim Nash 

519-856-9591 

Demonstration Completed 1992

EnviroMetal 

Technologies, Inc. 

In Situ Reactive Barrier John Vogan 

519-824-0432 

Demonstration Completed 2000

EnviroMetal 

Technologies, Inc. 

Guelph, Ontario 

2 Demonstrations 

Metal Enhanced 

Degradation 

Abiotic William 

Matulewicz 

609-722-6700 

Demonstration 

Ex-situ 

In-situ 

Completed 1995 

Completed 

Geosyntec 

Guelph, Ontario 

Emulsified Zero-valent Iron 

for DNAPL Remediation 

Suzanne O’Hara 

519-822-2230 

Demonstration Completed 2003

Grace Dearborn, Inc. 

Mississauga, Ontario 

Daramend Process Alan Seech 

Paul Bucen 

905-272-7480 

Demonstration Completed 1994

Matrix Photocatalytic 

Limited (formerly 

Nutech Environmental) 

London, Ontario, Canada 

TiO2 Photocatalytic 

Treatment of Aqueous 

Waste Streams 

Bob Henderson 

519-660-8669 

Emerging Technology Completed 1994 

Matrix Photocatalytic 

Limited 

TiO2 Photocatalytic Air 

Treatment 

Bob Henderson 

519-660-8669 

Demonstration Completed 1995

Toronto Harbour 

Comission 

Toronto, Ontario 

Soil Recycling Dennis Lang 

416-863-2047 

Demonstration Completed 1992

Wastewater Technology 

Centre 

Burlington, Ontario 

Cross-Flow Pervaporation 

System 

Chris Lipski 

905-639-6320 

Emerging Technology Completed 1992 

Zenon Environmental 

Systems, Inc. 

Burlington, Ontario 

Bioreactor Integrated with 

an Ultrafiltration Membrane 

System 

Lisa Ashton 

905-639-6320 

ext. 244 

Demonstration Completed 1995

Zenon Environmental 

Systems, Inc. 

Burlington, Ontario 

Cross-Flow Pervaporation 

System 

Phil Canning 

Tony Tonelli 

905-639-6320 

Demonstration Completed 1995

Zenon Environmental 

Systems, Inc. 

Burlington, Ontario 

ZenoGem Process Chris Lipski 

905-639-6320 

Demonstration Completed 1995

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE

B-22 

Developer Technology Contact Program Status

England/United Kingdom 

AEA Technology 

(formerly Warren Spring 

Laboratory) 

Physical and Chemical 

Treatment 

Steve Barber 

011-44-1235-

463062 

Emerging Technology Completed 1994 

Oxfordshire, England 

Graseby Ionics, Limited Ion Mobility Spectrometry John Brokenshire Monitoring and Completed 1990 

Waterford Herts, 011-44-1923- Measurement Technologies 

England 816166 

Martin Cohen 

561-683-0507 

Italy 

Gruppo Italimpresse Infrared Thermal John Cioffi Demonstration Completed 1987

(developed by Shirco 

Infrared Systems, Inc.) 

(formerly ECOVA) 

Rome, Italy 

Destruction 206-883-1900 

2 Demonstrations 

Puerto Rico 

Terra Vac, Inc. 

San Juan, PR 

In-situ Vacuum Extraction James Malot 

787-725-8750 

Demonstration Completed

 
C-1 

Appendix C 

SITE TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES 

(Alphabetically by Demonstration Site State)
C-2 

TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Alaska 

Fairbanks, AK 

ABE 

Superfund Site 

(Region 10) 

Soil Washing Brice Environmental Services 

Corporation 

(BESCORP) 

Fairbanks, AK 

Craig Jones 

907-452-2515 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Arizona 

Phoenix, AZ 

Pesticide Site 

(Region 9) 

Low Temperature 

Thermal Aeration 

Smith Environmental Services 

(formerly Canonie) 

Englewood, CO 

Joe Hutton 

219-926-8651 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Phoenix, AZ 

Pesticide Site 

(Region 9) 

Anaerobic Thermal 

Processor 

Smith Environmental Services 

(formerly Canonie) 

Englewood, CO 

Joe Hutton 

219-926-8651 

Demonstration Completed 

Phoenix, AZ 

Williams AFB 

(Region 9) 

In-situ Subsurface 

Bioremediation 

Bio-Rem 

Butler, IN 

David O. Mann 

219-868-5823 

Demonstration Completed 1993 

Arkansas 

Jefferson, AR 

Incineration Research 

Facility (IRF) 

(Region 6) 

Tunable-Pulse 

Combustion 

Sonotech, Inc. 

Atlanta, GA 

Ben Zinn 

404-894-3033 

Demonstration Completed 1995 

Pyreton Burner 

(Thermal 

Destruction) 

American Combustion 

Technologies 

Norcross, GA 

Gregory Gitman 

404-564-4180 

Demonstration Completed 1988 

California 

Burbank, CA 

Lockheed Site 

(Region 9) 

Integrated In-situ 

Vapor Extraction 

and Steam Vacuum 

Stripping Process 

Radian Corporation (formerly 

AWD Technologies, Inc.) 

Walnut Creek, CA 

David Bluestein 

415-227-0822 

Demonstration Completed 1990 

Clear Lake, CA Biostabilization of 

Mercury Mining 

Wastes 

Pintail Systems, Inc. 

Aurora, CO 

Leslie Thompson 

303-367-8443 

Demonstration Completed 

Clear Lake, CA Chemical 

Stabilization of 

Mercury Mining 

Wastes 

Sevenson, W.C. 

Munster, IN 

Steve Chisick 

219-836-0116 

Demonstration Exited 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-3 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

California (continued) 

Clear Lake, CA Chemical 

Stabilization of 

Mercury Mining 

Wastes 

E&C Williams 

Summerville, SC 

Charlie Williams 

84-821-4200 

Demonstration Completed 2001 

Edwards AFB, 

(Region 9) 

CA CAV-OX Oxidation 

Process 

Magnum Water Technology 

El Segundo, CA 

Dale Cox 

310-640-7000 

Demonstration Completed 1993 

Fresno, CA 

Selma Site 

(Region 9) 

Entrained-Bed 

Gasfication 

Texaco, Inc. 

S. El Monte, CA 

John Wintor 

310-908-7387 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Fresno, CA 

Selma Site 

(Region 9) 

Silicate Compounds 

by Solidification/ 

Stabilizatioin 

STC Omega (formerly Silicate 

Technology Corporation) 

Scottsdale, AZ 

Steve Pegler 

602-948-7100 

Demonstration Completed 1990 

Fullerton, CA 

McColl Superfund Site 

(Region 9) 

Excavation and 

Foam Suppression 

of Volatiles 

U.S. EPA 

Region 9 

San Francisco, CA 

Jon Blevins 

415-744-2400 

Demonstration Completed 1990 

Huntington Beach, CA 

Rainbow Disposal 

(Region 9) 

Steam Injection/ 

Vacuum Extraction 

(SIVE) 

Hughes Environmental 

Manhattan Beach, CA 

(No longer a vendor for SIVE) 

Paul De Percin 

U.S. EPA 

513-569-7797 

Demonstration Completed 1993 

Jackson, CA 

Pintail Systems, 

(Region 9) 

Inc. 

Biological 

Stabilization of 

Arsenic in Soils 

Pintail Systems, Inc. 

Aurora, CO 

Leslie Thompson 

303-367-8443 

Demonstration Completed 2000 

Leviathan Mine Site 

(Region 9) 

Biphasic Lime 

Treatment 

State of CA 

Chris Stetler 

530-542-5461 

Demonstration Completed 2004 

Leviathan Mine Site 

(Region 9) 

Passive Constructed 

Wetlands 

University of NV, Reno 

Tim Tsukamoto 

775-784-4413 

Demonstration Ongoing 

Leviathan Mine Site 

(Region 9) 

Lime Lagoons ARCO 

Barry Duff 

406-563-5211 

Demonstration Completed 2004 

Livermore, CA 

Lawrence Livermore 

National Laboratory 

(LLNL) 

(Region 9) 

Chemical Oxidation 

Perox-Pure 

Calgon Carbon Oxidation 

Technologies (formerly 

Peroxidation Systems, Inc. 

Pittsburgh, PA 

Bertrand Dussert 

412-787-6681 

Demonstration Completed 1995 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-4 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

California (continued) 

Livermore, CA 

LLNL 

(Region 9) 

In-situ Enhanced 

Extraction 

Berkley Environmental 

Restoration (formerly Udell 

Technologies, Inc.) 

Emeryville, CA 

Kent Udell 

510-653-9477 

Demonstration Completed 1993 

March AFB, CA 

(Region 9) 

In well Air 

Stripping 

Roy Weston Woodland Hills, CA 

Jeff Bannon 

818-971-4900 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Port Hueneme, CA 

Naval Facilities 

Engineering Service 

Center 

(Region 9) 

Solvated Electron 

Treatment of 

Chlorinated 

Organics 

Commodore Environmental 

Columbus, OH 

Neil Dronby 

614-297-0365 

Demonstration Completed 1996 

Redding, CA 

Iron Mountain 

Superfund Site 

Precipitation, 

Microfiltration, 

Sludge Dewatering 

EPOC Water, Inc. 

Fresno, CA 

Scott Jackson 

209-291-8144 

Demonstration Completed 1993 

Sacramento, CA 

McClellan AFB 

(Region 9) 

Photolytic 

Destruction for 

SVE Off-gases 

Process Technologies, Inc. 

Boise, ID 

Michael Swan 

208-385-0900 

Demonstration Exited 

Sacramento, CA 

McClellan AFB 

(Region 9) 

Groundwater 

Extraction 

Xerox Two Phase Extraction 

Webster, NY 

Ron Hess 

716-422-3694 

Demonstration Completed 1995 

San Diego, CA Circulating Bed 

Cumbuster 

General Atomics (formerlt Ogden 

Environmental Services) 

San Diego, CA 

Robert Goforth 

619-455-2499 

Demonstration Completed 1989 

San Diego, CA 

Naval Air Station 

North Island (NASNI) 

(Region 9) 

In Well Vapor 

Stripping of Ground 

Water 

MACTEC Environmental, Inc. 

Pittsburgh, PA 

Mark McGlathery 

800-444-6221 

Demonstration Completed 1999 

San Diego, CA 

NASNI Site 9 

(Region 9) 

Cross-flow 

Pervaporation 

System for 

Removal of VOCs 

from Groundwater 

Zenon Environmental, Inc. 

Burlington, Ontario, Canada 

Phil Canning 

905-639-6320 

Demonstration Completed 1995 

San Francisco, CA 

Westin Hotel 

(Region 9) 

GIS/KEY 

Software for HW 

Site 

Data Management 

GIS Solutions, Inc. 

Concord, CA 

Garry Reid 

510-827-5400 

Demonstration Completed 1993 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-5 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

California (continued) 

San Jose, CA 

Lorentz Barrel and 

Drum Site 

(Region 9) 

Ultraviolet Ozone 

Treatment for 

Liquids 

US Filter (formerly Ultrox 

International, Inc) 

Santa Ana, CA 

John Lowry 

412-772-1247 

Demonstration Completed 

San Pedro, CA 

Annex Terminal 

(Region 9) 

In-situ Steam/ 

Air Stripping 

Novaterra, Inc. 

(formerly Toxic Treatment, Inc.) 

Torrance, CA 

Phil La Mori 

310-328-9433 

Demonstration Completed 1989 

Santa Barbara, CA 

Santa Marie Health 

Care Services (UST 

Site) 

(Region 9) 

Soil Washing/ 

Geological 

Treatment 

BioGenesis Enterprises (formerly 

BioVersal USA) 

Fairfax Station, VA 

Charles Wilde 

703-250-3442 

Mohsen Amiran 

708-827-0024 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

South El Monte, CA 

(Region 9) 

Gasification 

Process 

Texaco Syngas, Inc. 

White Plains, NY 

John Winter 

316-251-4000 ext. 536 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Colorado 

Clear Creek, CO 

Burleigh Tunnel 

(Region 8) 

Wetland-Based 

Treatment for 

Mineral Mine 

Drainage 

Colorado Department of Health 

Denver, CO 

Jim Lewis 

303-692-3390 

Demonstration Completed 1999 

Denver, CO 

Rocky Flats 

(Region 8) 

Colloid Polishing 

Method 

Filter Flow Technology League 

City, TX 

Tod Johnson 

713-334-6080 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Denver, CO 

DOE Rocky Flats 

(Region 8) 

Core Barrel Soil 

Sampler 

Simulprobe Technologies, Inc. 

CA 

Richard Laton 

415-883-8787 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 

Denver, CO 

(Region 8) 

Dual Tube Liner 

Soil Sampler 

Art’s Manufacturing and Supply 

American Falls, ID 

Brian Anderson 

800-635-7330 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 

Denver, CO 

(Region 8) 

Electrocoa-gulation General Environmental Inc. 

(formerly Hydrologics, Inc.) 

Englewood, CO 

Carl Dalrymple 

303-761-6960 

Demonstration Completed 1995 

Denver, CO 

(Region 8) 

EMFLUX Soil Gas 

Survey System 

Quadrel Services, Inc. 

MD 

Bruce Tucker 

Paul Henning 

301-874-5510 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-6 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Colorado (continued) 

Denver, CO 

(Region 8) 

Gore-Scrubber 

Passive Soil Gas 

Sampler 

W. L. Gore and Associates, Inc. 

Elkton, MD 

Ray Fenstermacher 

410-392-7600 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 

Denver, CO 

(Region 8) 

JMC 

Environmentalist’s 

Subsoil Probe 

Clements Associates, Inc. 

IA 

Jim Clements 

515-792-8285 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 

Denver, CO 

(Region 8) 

Large Bore Soil 

Sampler 

Geoprobe Systems 

Salina, KS 

Wesley McCall 

Tom Omli 

800-436-7762 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 

Rocky Flats, CO 

(Region 8) 

In-situ Reactive 

Barrier 

EnviroMetal Technologies, Inc. 

Guelph, Ontario 

John Vogan 

519-824-0432 

Demonstration Completed 2000 

Rocky Mountain 

Arsenal, CO 

(Region 8) 

Biological 

Treatment, HRC of 

Organics 

Regenesis CA Stephen 

Koenigsberg 

949-366-8000 

Demonstration Completed 2002 

Rocky Mountain 

Arsenal, CO 

(Region 8) 

In-Situ Thermal Terra-Therm LLC Ralph Baker 

978-343-0300 

Demonstration Completed 2002 

Summitville, CO 

(Region 8) 

Multiple Innovative 

Passive mine 

Drainage 

Technologies 

Region 8 and Sate of CO 

Victor Kettellapper 

303-312-6578 

Demonstration Completed 2001 

Connecticut 

Roosevelt Mills 

Vernon, CT 

Permanganate/ 

Persulfate 

Oxidation 

Treatment for PCE 

Univ. of Connecticut 

George Hoag 

860-486-2781 

Demonstration Ongoing 

Delaware 

Dover, DE 

(Region 3) & 

Elgin, IL 

(Region 5) 

Matcon Modified 

Asphalt Cap 

Wilder Construction 

Co., WA 

W. Randall Garrett 

800-484-9404 

Demonstration Completed 2001 

District of Columbia 

Anacosria River 

Washington, D.C. 

(Region 3) 

Innovative Capping 

Design 

Remediation Technology 

Development Forum, HSRL 

Demonstration Ongoing 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-7 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Florida 

Brandon, FL 

Peak Oil Superfund 

Site 

(Region 4) 

Infrared Incinerator Grupo Italimprese 

(Ecova Europa) 

(formerly ECOVA) 

Rome, Italy 

John Cioffi 

206-883-1900 

Demonstration Completed 1987 

Cape Canaveral, FL 

(Region 4) 

Dynamic 

Underground 

Stripping of TCE 

Integrated Water Resources, Inc. 

805-565-0996 

Demonstration Completed 2002 

Cape Canaveral, FL 

(Region 4) 

Emulsified Zerovalent Iron for 

DNAPL 

Remediation 

Geosyntec 

Guelph, Ontario 

Suzanne O’Hara 

519-822-2230 

Demonstration Completed 2003 

Hialeah, FL 

General Electric 

Service Shop 

In-situ 

Solidification/ 

Stabilization 

Geo-Con, Inc. 

Monroville, PA 

Linda Ward 

Robert Hayden 

412-856-7700 

Demonstration Completed 1988 

Kennedy Space 

Center, FL (Region 4) 

XRF Analyzer Innov-X Systems, Inc. 

Woburn, MA 

Rose Koch 

781-938-5005 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Ongoing 

Kennedy Space 

Center, FL (Region 4) 

XRF Analyzer Niton Corp. 

Billerica, MA 

Debbie Schatzlein 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Ongoing 

Kennedy Space 

Center, FL (Region 4) 

XRF Analyzer Oxford Instruments Analytical 

Chicago, IL 

Ruhre Gehrlein 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Ongoing 

Kennedy Space 

Center, FL (Region 4) 

XRF Analyzer Rigaku, Inc. 

Woodlands, TX 

John Martin 

281-363-1033 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Ongoing 

Kennedy Space 

Center, FL (Region 4) 

XRF Analyzer Rontec USA, Inc. 

Carlisle, MA 

Paul Smith 

978-266-2900 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Ongoing 

Kennedy Space 

Center, FL (Region 4) 

XRF Analyzer Xcalibur XRF Services, Inc. 

Islandia, NY 631-435-9749 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Ongoing 

Pensacola, FL 

American Creosote 

Works 

(Region 4) 

Filtration SBP Technologies, Inc. 

Baton Rouge, LA 

Clayton Page 

504-755-7711 

Demonstration Completed 1992 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-8 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Florida (continued) 

Pensacola, FL 

Escanbia Wood 

Preserving Site 

(Region 4) 

Soil Washing U.S. EPA Mobile Volume 

Reduction Unit 

Cincinnati, OH 

Richard Griffith 

908-321-6629 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Petroleum Products 

Corporation 

Miami, FL 

Oleofilter North American Technologies 

Aprotek 

San Ramon, CA 

Cathryn Wmberly 

916-366-6185 

Demonstration Completed 

Georgia 

Chickamuga, GA and 

Hopkinsville, GA 

(Region 4) 

Debris Washing 

System 

U.S. EPA NRMRL 

Cincinnati, OH 

Mike Taylor 

512-782-4700 

Demonstration Completed 1990 

Warner Robins, GA 

Robins AFB 

(Region 4) 

Stabilization of 

Organics 

WASTECH, Inc. 

Oak Ridge, TN 

Benjamin Peacock 

615-483-6515 

Demonstration Completed 1991 

Hawaii 

Ford Island, HI 

(Region 9) 

In-Situ HydrogenEnhanced 

Remediation 

Limno-Tech, Inc. 

Ann Arbor, MI 

John Wolfe 

734-332-1200 

Demonstration Ongoing 

Pearl Harbor, HI 

(Region 9) 

PCB/Metals 

Extraction from 

Porous Surfaces 

EET Inc. 

Bellaire, TX 

Tim Tarrillion 

713-662-0727 

Demonstration Completed 1997 

Pearl Harbor, HI 

Naval Facility 

(Region 9) 

Electrokinetics Geokinetics 

CA 

Steven Clark 

510-704-2940 

Demonstration Completed 2000 

Pearl Harbor, HI 

Naval Facility 

(Region 9) 

Electrokinetic 

Flushing & 

Surfactant Flushing 

Geokinetics and Duke 

Engineering 

TX 

Steven Clark 

510-704-2940 

Harry Linnemeyer 

512-425-2000 

Demonstration Completed 1999 

Pearl Harbor, HI 

Naval Facility 

(Region 9) 

Set Process for 

PCBs in Soil 

Commodore Advanced Sciences, 

Inc. 

Albuquerque, NM 

Mark Jones 

505-872-6803 

Demonstration Completed 2000 

Pearl Harbor, HI 

Naval Facility 

(Region 9) 

Closed Loop Lead 

Recovery 

Geokinetics CA Stephen Clark 

510-704-2940 

Demonstration Completed 2002 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-9 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Hawaii (continued) 

Pearl Harbor, HI 

(Region 9) 

Microbial Cell 

Technology 

University of Hawaii 

Honolulu, HI 

Dr. Ping-Yi Yang 

808-956-8459 

Demonstration Ongoing 

Idaho 

Aberjona River Sediment Core 

Sampler 

Aquatic Research 

ID 

Will Young 

(208) 768-2222 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 

INEEL Lab Phytoremediation Argonne National Laboratory 

West Idaho Fall, ID 

Scott Lee 

(208) 533-7829 

Demonstration Completed 2003 

Illinois 

Chicago, IL 

(Region 4) 

Hydraulic 

Fracturing 

U.S. EPA/ 

NRMRL 

Cincinnati, OH 

William Slack 

513-469-6040 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Elgin, IL 

(Region 5) & 

Dover, DE 

(Region 3) 

Matcon Modified 

Asphalt Cap 

Wilder Construction Co., WA 

W. Randall Garrett 

800-484-9404 

Demonstration Completed 2001 

Waukegan Harbor, IL 

(Region 5) 

Thermal Desorption SoilTech, ATP Systems Inc. 

Porter, IN 

Joe Hutton 219-926-8651 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Indiana 

Gary, IN 

Indiana Harbour 

(Region 5) 

Solvent Extraction Ionics/Resources Conservation, 

Co. 

Bellevue, WA 

Bill Hines 

206-828-2400 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Iowa 

Albert City, IA 

(Region 7) 

Core Barrel Soil 

Sampler 

Simulprobe Technologies, Inc. 

CA 

Richard Laton 

415-883-8787 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 

Albert City, IA 

(Region 7) 

Dual Tube Liner 

Soil Sampler 

Art’s Manufacturing and Supply 

American Falls, ID 

Brian Anderson 

800-635-7330 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 

TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-11 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Maine 

Loring AFB 

Caribou, ME 

(Region I) 

In-situ Thermal 

(Steam Injection) 

Steam Tech Environmental 

Services 

Bakersfield, CA 

Hank Sowers 

661-322-6478 

Demonstration Completed 2003 

Massachusetts 

Boston, MA 

(Region 1) 

AMS Split Core 

Sampler 

Art’s Manufacturing and Supply 

ID 

Brian Anderson 

800-635-7330 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 1999 

Boston, MA 

(Region 1) 

Russian Peat Borer Aquatic Research Instruments ID 

Will Young 

208-768-2222 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 

Grafton, MA 

(Region 1) 

Anerobic-aerotic 

Bioremediation 

Harding-Lawson Engineers, MA 

Willard Murray 

781-245-6606 

Demonstration Completed 2003 

Groveland, MA 

Groveland Wells 

Superfund Site 

In-situ Vacuum 

Extraction 

Terra Vac, Inc. 

San Juan, PR 

James Malot 

787-725-8750 

Demonstration Completed 

New Bedford, MA 

(Region 1) 

Batch Organics 

Extraction Unit 

CF Systems Corporation Arvada, 

CO 

L.V. Benningfield 

303-420-1550 

Demonstration Completed 

New Bedford, MA 

(Region 1) 

Solvent Extraction CF Systems Corporation Arvada, 

CO 

L.V. Benningfield 

303-420-1550 

Demonstration Completed 1988 

North Dartsmouth, 

MA 

Resolve Superfund 

Site 

(Region 1) 

Thermal Desorption OHM Environmental (formerly 

Chemical Waste Management 

Inc.) 

Lombarda, IL 

Dick Ayen 

803-846-2413 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Michigan 

Adrian, MI 

Anderson 

Development 

(Region 5) 

Thermal Desorption 

(physical) 

Roy F. Weston, Inc. 

West Chester, PA 

Michael Cosmos 

215-430-7423 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Bay City, MI 

Bay City Municipal 

Landfill 

(Region 5) 

Thermal Gas Phase 

Reduction Process 

and Thermal 

Desorption 

ELI Eco Logic International, Inc. 

Rockwood, Ontario, 

Canada 

Jim Nash 

519-856-9591 

Demonstration Completed 1992 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-12 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Michigan (continued) 

Buchanan, MI 

Electro-Voice 

(Region 5) 

Subsurface 

Volatilization and 

Ventilation System 

(SVVS) 

Billings & Associates, Inc. 

Albuquerque, NM 

Gale Billings 

505-345-1116 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Detroit, MI 

(Region 5) 

Debris Washing 

System 

U.S. EPA/ NRMRL 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

Donald Sanning 

513-569-7444 

Demonstration Completed 1990 

Essexville, MI 

Saginaw Bay 

Confined Disposal 

Facility 

(Region 5) 

Sediment Soil 

Washing 

Bergmann, USA 

Gallatin, TN 

George Jones 

615-230-2217 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Grand Ledge, MI 

Parsons Chemical Site 

(Region 5) 

In-situ Vitrification Geosafe Corporation 

Richland, WA 

James Hansen 

509-375-0710 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Rose Township, MI 

(Region 5) 

Infrared Incinerator Grupo Italimprese 

(Ecova Europa) 

(formerly ECOVA) 

Jon Cioffi 

206-883-1900 

Demonstration Completed 1987 

Saginaw, MI 

(Region 5) 

Immunoassay and 

Colorimetry for 

Dioxin 

Strategic Diagnostics 

Bob Ferguson 

800-544-8881 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2004 

Saginaw, MI 

(Region 5) 

Cell Based 

Immunoassay for 

Dioxin 

Xenobiotics 

Jeff Sturkey 

919-688-4804 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2004 

Saginaw, MI 

(Region 5) 

DFI Immunoassay 

for Dioxin 

Cape Technologies 

Bob Harrison 

207-741-2995 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2004 

Saginaw, MI 

(Region 5) 

Dioxin Elisa Kit Emmy Leung 

877-714-1920 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2004 

Saginaw, MI 

(Region 5) 

Immunoassay and 

Colorimetry for 

Dioxin 

Hybrizyme 

Randy Allen 

919-783-9595 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2004 

St. Joseph, MI Submerged Aerobic 

Fixed Film Reactor 

Allied Signal Corporation 

Des Plains, IL 

Steve Lupton 

708-391-3500 

Demonstration Completed 

Minnesota 

McGillis & Gibbs 

Superfund Site 

New Bridge, MN 

(Region 5) 

Biotreatment of 

Groundwater 

BioTrol, Inc. 

Eden Prairie, MN 

Dennis Chilcote 

612-942-8032 

Demonstration Completed 1989 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-13 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Minnesota (continued) 

McGillis & Gibbs 

Superfund Site 

New Bridge, MN 

(Region 5) 

Soil Washing BioTrol, Inc. 

Eden Prairie, MN 

Dennis Chilcote 

612-942-8032 

Demonstration Completed 1989 

McGillis & Gibbs 

Superfund Site 

New Bridge, MN 

(Region 5) 

Biological Aqueous 

Treatment System 

BioTrol, Inc. 

Eden Prairie, MN 

Dennis Chilcote 

612-942-8032 

Demonstration Completed 1989 

Minneapolis, MN 

Private Oil Refining 

Company 

(Region 5) 

Soil Washing/ 

Biological 

Treatment 

BioGenesis Enterprises, Inc. 

(formerly BioVersal USA) 

Fairfax Station, VA 

Charles Wilde 703-250-3442 

Mohsen Amiran 

708-827-0024 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

New Brighton, MN 

Twin Cities Army 

Ammunition Plant 

(TCAAP) 

(Region 5) 

Removal of Lead 

from Soils 

COGNIS TARRAMET 

Goss, MO 

Lou Magdits 

573-626-3476 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

St. Louis Park, MN 

(Region 5) 

Bioventing 

(air-injection) 

U.S. EPA/NRMRL 

Cincinnati, OH 

Paul McCauley 

513-569-7444 

Demonstration Completed 1997 

Mississippi 

Brookhaven, MS 

Brookhaven Wood 

Preserving 

(Region 4) 

Fungus Treatment 

Technology 

U.S. EPA/NRMRL 

USDA-Forest Products Lab 

Madison, WI 

Richard Lamar 

608-231-9469 

Demonstration Completed 1991 

Montana 

Butte, MT 

Butte-Silverbow Site 

(Region 8) 

Plasma Heat Retech, Inc. 

Ukiah, CA 

R.C. Eschenback 

707-462-6522 

Demonstration Completed 1991 

Butte, MT 

(Region 8) 

Chemical 

Stabilization of

Mercury Mining

Waste 

E&C Williams, SC 

Charlie Williams 843-821-4200 

and 

Keeco, WA 

Amy Anderson 

888-977-9156 

Demonstration Completed 2001 

Mike Horse Mine, MT 

(Region 8) 

Grouting Technique Morrison Knudsen Corporation 

Boise, ID 

Kathryn Levihn 

Rick Raymondi 

208-386-6115 

Demonstration Completed 1996 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Montana (continued) 

St. Louis, MT 

Welldon Spring 

(Region 7) 

Anaerobic 

Biological 

Destruction of TNT 

in Soil 

J.R. Simplot Company 

Pocatello, ID 

Tom Yergovich 

209-858-2511 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Nebraska 

Hastings, NE 

(Region 7) 

Spray Irrigation University of NebraskaLincoln Hasting, NE 

Ray Spalding 

402-783-3931 

Demonstration Completed 1996 

Nevada 

Battle Mountain, NV 

(Region 9) 

Biodegradation of 

Cyanide 

Pintail Systems, 

Aurora, CO 

Caren Caldwell 

303-367-8443 

Inc. Demonstration Completed 1998 

New Hampshire 

Hudson, NH 

(Region 1) 

In-Situ Chemical 

Oxidation 

Ken Sperry 

484-224-3031 

Demonstration Ongoing 

Milford, NH 

Savage Superfund Site 

(Region 1) 

Surfactant Enanced 

Aquifer 

Remediation 

U.S. DOE. Duke Engineering 

G. Michael Shook 

208-526-6945 

Demonstration Completed 1999 

Plaistow, NH 

(Region 1) 

Biodegradation of 

PCB’s in Soils 

Green Mountain Laboratories 

Montpelier, VT 

Adam Longee 

802-223-1468 

Demonstration Completed 2000 

New Jersey 

Bayonne, NJ 

(Region 2) 

Thermal Sediment 

Reuse Technology 

GTI 

Des Plaines, IL 

Anil Goyal 

847-768-0605 

Demonstration Ongoing 

Edison, NJ 

EPA 

(Region 2) 

Solvent Extraction 

CarverGreenfield Process 

Dehydro Tech Corporation 

East Hanover, NJ 

Theodore Trowbridge 

908-904-1606 

Demonstration Completed 1991 

Hillsborough, NJ 

(Region 2) 

Pneumatic 

Fracturing, 

Extraction and 

Gas Injection 

Hot 

Accutech, Inc. 

Keyport NJ & New Jersey 

Institute of Technology, Newark, 

NJ 

John Liskowitz 

908-739-6444 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Millville, NJ 

Nascoilte Site 

(Region 2) 

Bioreactor 

Integrated with an 

Ultrafiltration 

Membrane System 

Zenon Environmental, Inc. 

Burlington, Ontario, Canada 

Lisa Ashton 

905-639-6320 ext. 244 

Demonstration Completed 1995 

C-14 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

New Jersey (continued) 

Millville, NJ 

Nascoilte Site 

(Region 2) 

ZenoGem Process Zenon Environmental, Inc. 

Burlington, Ontario, Canada 

Chris Lipski 

905-639-6320 

Demonstration Completed 

Morganville, NJ 

Imperial Oil Co., Inc. 

Site 

(Region 3) 

Solidification Solidtech, Inc. 

Houston, TX 

Bill Stallworth 

713-497-8558 

Demonstration Completed 1988 

New Jersey (Region 2) 

and Venice, Italy 

Sediment Washing 

System 

Biogenesis Enterprises, 

Charles Wilde 

703-913-9700 

Inc. Demonstration Ongoing 

Pedricktown, NJ 

National Lead 

Industries 

(Region 2) 

Removal of 

Dissolved Metals 

Dynaphore/ 

Forager Sponge 

Richmond, VA 

Norman Rainer 

804-288-7109 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Trenton, NJ 

(Region 2) 

Phytoextraction of 

Metal from Soil 

Phytotech, Inc. 

Monmouth, NJ 

Burt Ensley 

908-438-0900 

Demonstration Completed 1998 

Wayne, NJ 

(Region 2) 

Ex-situ Metalenhanced Abiotic 

Degredation 

EnviroMetal Technologies, Inc. 

Guelph, Ontario 

William Matulewicz 

609-722-6700 

Demonstration Completed 1995 

New Mexico 

Albuquerque, NM 

(Region 6) 

Electrokenitic 

Extraction in 

Unsaturated Soils 

Sandia National Laboratories, 

Albuquerque, NM 

Eric Lindgren 

505-844-3820 

Demonstration Completed 1999 

New York 

Brant, NY 

Wide Beach 

(Region 2) 

Thermal Desorption 

Dechlorination 

SoilTech, ATP Systems, Inc. 

Porter, IN 

Joe Hutton 

219-926-8651 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Brockport, NY 

Sweden-3 Chapman 

Site 

(Region 2) 

Biovault, 

Bioventing 

and Groundwater 

Circulation 

Biological 

Treatment Process 

(multi-developer 

project) 

NY State Bioremediation and 

SBP Technologies, Inc. 

White Plains, NY 

Clayton Page 

504-755-7711 

Demonstration Completed 1995 

C-15 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-16 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

New York (continued) 

Niagara Falls, NY 

(Region 2) 

Cold Top 

Vitrification 

New Jersey Institute of 

Technology (NJIT) 

Newark, NJ and Geo Tech 

Development Corporation, King 

of Prussia, PA 

William Librizzi 

201-596-5846 

Thomas Tate 

610-337-8515 

Demonstration Exited 

Upstate NY 

(Region 2) 

In-situ Metalenhanced Abiotic 

Degredation 

EnviroMetal Technologies, Inc. 

Guelph, Ontario 

John Vogan 

519-824-0432 

Demonstration Completed 

Utica, NY 

(Region 2) 

High Temperature 

Thermal Processor 

Maxymillian Technologies, Inc. 

(Formerly Clean Berkshires) 

Lanesboro, MA 

Jim Maxymillian 

413-499-3050 

Demonstration Completed 1993 

Utica, NY 

Town Gas Site 

(Region 2) 

Slurry 

Biodegradation 

Remediation Technologies Inc. 

(ReTec) (formerly Mo Tec Inc.) 

Pitsburgh, PA 

David Nakles 

412-826-3340 

Demonstration Completed 1991 

North Carolina 

Morrisville, NC 

Koppers Site 

(Region 4) 

Base-Catalyzed 

Destruction 

(Dehalogenation) 

U.S. EPA/ NRMRL 

Cincinnati, OH George Huffman 

513-569-7341 

Environmental Inc. 

Blue Bell, PA 

Yei-Shong Shieh 

215-832-0700 

Demonstration Completed 1993 

Warrenton, NC 

(Region 4) 

Base Catalyzed 

Decomposition 

U.S. EPA 

NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 

Terry Lyons 

513-569-7589 

Demonstration Completed 2004 

Ohio 

Aliance, OH 

Babcock & Wilcox 

Alliance Research 

Center 

(Region 5) 

Cyclone 

Vitrification 

Babcock & Wilcox Alliance 

Research Center 

Alliance, OH 

Lawrence King 

216-829-7576 

Demonstration Completed 1991 

Cincinnati, OH 

EPA T&E Facility 

(Region 5) 

Bioslurry Reactor ECOVA Corporation 

Redmond, WA 

Alan Jones 

206-883-1900 

Demonstration Completed 1991 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-17 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Ohio (continued) 

Crooksville, OH 

Pintail Systems, 

(Region 5) 

Inc. 

Biostabilization of 

Lead 

Pintail Systems, Inc. 

Aurora, CO 

Leslie Thompson 

303-367-8443 

Demonstration Completed 2000 

Dayton, OH 

(Region 5) 

Hydraulic 

Fracturing 

U.S. EPA/ 

NRMRL 

Cincinnati, OH 

William Slack 

513-469-6040 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

DOE Fernald Facility, 

OH 

(Region 5) 

Solvent Extraction Terra Kleen Corporation (name 

changed back from Sevenson 

Extraction Technology, Inc.) 

Del Mar, CA 

Alan Cash 

619-558-8762 

Demonstration Completed 1997 

Roseville/ Crooksville, 

OH 

Envirobond Soil 

Amendment 

(Stabilization) 

Rocky Mountain Remedation 

Services 

Jim Barthel 

303-215-6620 

Demonstration Completed 

Roseville/ Crooksville, 

OH 

Injection Soil 

Amendment 

(Stabilization) 

Star Organics 

Phil Clarke 

214-522-0742 

Demonstration Completed 

Oregon 

Clackamas, OR 

Portable Equipment 

Co. Site 

(Region 10) 

Chemical Fixation/ 

Stabilization 

Advanced Remediation Mixing, 

Inc. 

(formerly Chemfix Technologies, 

Inc.) 

Metarie, LA 

Sam Pizzitola 

504-461-0466 

Demonstration Completed 1989 

Pennsylvania 

Douglassville, PA 

(Region 3) 

Solidification/ 

Stabilization 

Hazcon and Funderburk & 

Associates) 

Apollo Beach, FL 

Ray Funderburk 

813-645-9620 

Demonstration Completed 1987 

Monaca, PA Flame Reactor Horsehead Resource 

Development Co., Inc. 

Regis Zagrocki 

610-826-8810 

Demonstration Completed 

Palmerton, PA 

Palmerton Zinc 

(Region 3) 

Pile 

Membrane 

Microfiltration 

E.I. DuPont DeNemours & 

Company 

Newark, DE 

Oberlin Filter Company 

Waukesha, WI 

Ernest Mayer 

302-774-2277 

Demonstration Completed 1990 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-18 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Pennsylvania (continued) 

Stroudsburg, PA 

(Region 3) 

Contained 

Recovery of Oil 

Wastes 

Western Research Institute 

Laramie, WY 

James Speight 

307-721-2011 

Demonstration Completed 1997 

Rhode Island 

Central Landfill, 

RI 

(Region 1) 

Reverse Osmosis: 

DiscTube Module 

Technology 

ROCHEM Separations, Inc. 

Torrence, CA David LaMonica 

310-370-3160 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

N. Smithfield, RI 

(Region 1) 

AIR II 

Photocatalytic 

Technology for 

Streams 

Air 

KSE, Inc. 

Amhurst, MA 

James Kittrell 

413-549-5506 

Demonstration Completed 1999 

South Carolina 

Savannah River 

SC 

(Region 4) 

Site, High Energy 

Irradiation for 

Destruction of 

Organics in 

Aqueous Soluti

and Sludge 

ons 

High Voltage Environmental 

Application, Inc. 

Florida 

and International University 

Miami, FL 

William Cooper 

910-962-3450 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Tennessee 

Oak Ridge, TN 

(Region 4) 

Photocatalytic 

Aqueous Phase 

Organics 

Destruction 

Matrix 

Matrix, Inc. 

London, ON 

Robert Henderson 

519-660-8669 

Demonstration Completed 1995 

Oak Ridge, TN 

DOE Oak Ridge 

Facility 

(Region 4) 

Freeze Barrier Arctic Foundations 

Anchorage, AK 

Ed Yarmak 

907-562-2741 

Demonstration Completed 1998 

Oak Ridge, TN 

(Region 4) 

Thermal 

Decomposition 

Atomic Absorption 

Milestone 

Monroe, CT 

Stephen Billets 

U.S. EPA 

702-798-2232 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2003 

Oak Ridge, TN 

(Region 4) 

Anodic Stripping 

Voltammetry 

MTI, Inc. 

Wilmington, NC 

Stephen Billets 

U.S. EPA 

702-798-2232 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2003 

Oak Ridge, TN 

(Region 4) 

XRF Metorex 

Ewing, NJ 

Stephen Billets 

U.S. EPA 

702-798-2232 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2003 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-19 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Tennessee (continued) 

Oak Ridge, TN 

(Region 4) 

Atomic Absorption 

Spectroscopy 

Ohio Lumex 

Twinsburg, OH 

Stephen Billets 

U.S. EPA 

702-798-2232 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2003 

Oak Ridge, TN 

(Region 4) 

XRF Niton Corp. 

Billerica, MA 

Stephen Billets 

U.S. EPA 

702-798-2232 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Technologies 

Completed 2003 

Texas 

Fort Worth, TX 

Carswell AFB 

(Region 6) 

Phytoremediation 

of TCE in 

Groundwater 

ASC/EMR 

Wright Patterson AFB 

Dayton, Ohio 

Greg Harvey 

513-255-7716 

Demonstration Completed 1998 

Goldthwaite, TX 

Lower Colorado River 

Authority Electrical 

Substation 

Microbial 

Degradation/ 

Solvant Extraction 

Envirogen, Inc. 

Lawrenceville, NJ 

Ronald Unterman 

609-936-9300 

Demonstration Completed 2000 

Goldthwaite, TX 

(Region 6) 

Microbial 

Degradation of 

PCBs 

Micro-BAC Int., TX 

512-310-9000 

X-19 Biological Products, CA 

408-970-9485 

Demonstration Completed 2002 

San Antonio, TX 

Kelly AFB 

(Region 6) 

Hot Air Injection Hrubetz Environmental Services, 

Inc. 

Dallas, TX 

Michael or Barbara Hrubetz 

214-363-7833 

Demonstration Completed 1993 

San Antonio, TX 

Kelly AFB 

(Region 6) 

Radio-Frequency 

Heating 

IITRI/NUS 

IITRI-Chicago, IL and 

Haliburton/NUS 

Oak Ridge, TN 

Clifford Blanchard 

615-483-9900 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

San Antonio, TX 

Kelly AFB 

(Region 6) 

Radio-Frequency 

Heating 

KAI/HNUS 

Oak Ridge, TN 

Cliff Blanchard 

615-483-9900 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Utah 

Hill AFB, UT 

(Region 8) 

Steam Injection/ 

Vacuum Extraction 

Praxis Environmental Services 

San Francisco, CA 

Dr. Lloyd Steward 

415-641-9044 

Demonstration Completed 1997 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-20 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Utah (continued) 

Midvale Slag, UT Molecular Bonding 

System 

Solucorp 

Saddleback, NJ 

Robert Kuhn 

914-623-2333 

Demonstration Completed 

Ogden, UT 

Chevron Transfer 

Facility 

Phytoremediation 

of Petroleum in Soil 

and Groundwater 

Phytokinetics, Inc. 

Logan, UT 

Ari Ferro 

801-750-0985 

Demonstration Completed 1999 

Virginia 

Roanoke, VA 

ITT Night Vision 

Facility 

(Region 3) 

Enhanced In-situ 

Bioremediation of 

Chlorinated 

Compounds 

ITT Industries 

Roanoke, VA 

Rosann Kryczkowski 

540-362-7356 

Demonstration Completed 1999 

Washington 

Ellensburg, WA 

(Region 10) 

Anaerobic 

Biological 

Destruction of 

Dinoseb in Soil 

J. R. Simplot Company 

Pocatello, ID 

Tom Yergovich 

209-858-2511 

Demonstration Completed 

July 1993 

Whatcom Waterway 

Bellingham, WA 

Electrochemical 

Geooxidation 

Weiss Associates 

Joe Lovenitti 

Demonstration Completed 2003 

Ridgefield, WA 

(Region 10) 

Steam Enhanced 

Remediation 

Port of Ridgefield 

Brent Grening 

360-887-3873 

Demonstration Ongoing 

Wisconsin 

Fox River, WI 

(Region 5) 

Thermal Sediment 

Reuse Technology 

Minergy, WI 

Terry Carroll 

920-727-1411 

Demonstration Completed 2001 

Green Bay, WI 

(Region 5) 

AMS Split Core 

Sampler 

Art’s Manufacturing and Supply 

ID 

Brian Anderson 

800-635-7330 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 1999 

Green Bay, WI 

(Region 5) 

Russian Peat Borer Aquatic Research Instruments 

ID 

Will Young 

208-768-2222 

Monitoring and 

Measurement 

Completed 

Sparta, WI 

U.S. DOD 

Fort McCoy 

(Region 5) 

MAECTITE®

Treatment Process 

Sevenson Environmental 

Services, Inc. Munster, IN 

Chuck McPheeters 

219-836-0116 

Demonstration Completed 2000 

Jones Island CDF 

Milwaukee, WI 

(Region 5) 

Phytoremediation Army Corps of Engineers 

(Vicksburg, MS and Detroit MI) 

Demonstration Completed 2003 
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES – BY SITE STATE 

C-21 

Demonstration 

Location

Technology Contact Program Status

Various locations in U.S. 

10 sites around the 

nation 

Alternate Cover 

Assessment 

Program (ACAP) 

U.S. EPA NRMRL Demonstration Completed 2001 

Canada 

Toronto, Canada 

Toronto Port Industrial 

Division 

Treatment Train for 

Contaminated Soils 

Toronto Harbor Commissioners 

Toronto, Canada 

Dennis Lang 416-863-2047 

Demonstration Completed 1992 

Trenton, Ontario 

Domtar Wood 

Preserving Site 

Bioremediation GRACE Bioremediation 

Technologies 

Mississauga, Ontario, Canada 

Alan Seech 

905-272-7480 

Demonstration Completed 1994 

Italy 

Venice, Italy and 

New Jersey 

Sediment Washing 

System 

Biogenesis Enterprises, 

Charles Wilde 

703-913-9700 

Inc. Demonstration Ongoing 
D-1 

Appendix D 

ELECTRONIC TECHNICAL INFORMATION RESOURCES
D-2 

CONTENTS 

Section Page

REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ........................................................................................................................C-3 

Electronic Information Sources...................................................................................................................C-3 

Innovative Remediation Technologies: Field-Sectors Demonstration Projects in North America, 

Second Edition and Database .........................................................................................C-3 

Hazardous Waste Clean-Up Information (CLU-IN) Home Page..................................................C-3 

Innovative Treatment Technologies: Annual Status Report (Tenth Edition) EPA 542/R-01-004 C-3 

EPA Technologies (EPA REACH IT). .........................................................................................C-3 

Site Remediation Technology Infobase. .......................................................................................C-3

Cost and Performance Catalog of Case Studies . ..........................................................................C-4 

Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 3.0 . ......................C-4 

TechDirect.....................................................................................................................................C-4 

Programs, Partnerships, And Organizations................................................................................................C-4 

EPA Library Network Program ....................................................................................................C-4 

Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR)..............................................................C-4 

Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC) ....................................C-4 

Office of Research and Development (ORD) ...............................................................................C-4 

Remediation Technologies Development Forum (RTDF)............................................................C-5 

Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Demonstration Program ..........................C-5 

Interstate Technology Regulatory Cooperative (ITRC) 

Technology Innovation Program (TIP).........................................................................................C-5

SITE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNOLOGIES ..................................................................................................C-5 

Electronic Sources of Information...............................................................................................................C-5 

EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory - Hazardous Waste 

Site Characterization (on CD-ROM) (EPA 600-C-96-001)..........................................................C-5 

Field Sampling and Analysis Technologies Matrix ......................................................................C-6 

TechDirect.....................................................................................................................................C-6 

Programs, Partnerships, and Organizations.................................................................................................C-6 

Consortium for Site Characterization and Technology (CSCT) ...................................................C-6 

Environmental Technology Verification Program........................................................................C-6 

EPA Library Network Program ....................................................................................................C-6 

Office of Research and Development (ORD) ...............................................................................C-6 

Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Demonstration Program ..........................C-6 

Technology Innovation Program (TIP).........................................................................................C-7
D-3 

EPA Sources of Information on 

Innovative Remediation and Site Characterization Technologies

Listed below are U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sources of information on Innovative Remediation 

and Site Characterization Technologies. Sources of information include: electronic information sources in the form of 

databases or Internet sites, as well as programs, partnerships and organizations accessible on the Internet. 

REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES

Electronic Information Sources

Innovative Remediation Technologies: Field-Scale 

Demonstration Projects in North America Second 

Edition Database. The searchable database contains 

information about 600 completed innovative technology 

field demonstration projects in North America. The 

purpose of the database is to consolidate key information 

from innovative demonstration projects into a single source 

and present that information in a format that enables the 

user to easily identify innovative technologies that may be 

appropriate to the user’s particular site remediation needs. 

The database, which is limited to completed demonstration 

projects and a small number of full-scale cleanup efforts, 

does not include emerging technologies or laboratory-scale 

projects. A summary report, EPA 542-B00/004 of the same 

name is available from EPA’s National Service Center for 

Environmental Publications or accessed free of charge from 

the CLU IN Internet site at <http://cluin.org/products/nairt>. 

Hazardous Waste Clean-Up Information (CLU-IN) 

Home Page. CLU-IN is a streamlined source of 

information about innovative remediation and site 

characterization technologies for hazardous waste cleanup 

professionals. It provides access to information about 

programs, organizations, publications, and other tools for 

EPA and other Federal and State personnel, consulting 

engineers, technology developers and venders, remediation 

contractors, researchers, community groups, and individual 

citizens. Access to various pools of information is 

presented in the form of downloadable publications and 

databases. Sources of additional information on the 

Internet also are presented through a series of links. CLUIN is sponsored by EPA’s Technology Innovation Office 

(TIO). For additional information about the CLU-IN home 

page, call (301) 589-5318. CLU-IN can be accessed 

through the Internet at <http://clu-in.org>. 

Innovative Treatment Technologies: Annual Status 

Report (ASR) Eleventh Edition EPA/542/R-03/009 and 

ASR Search System. This report contains information 

about remedies selected at contaminated waste sites. The 

sites include Superfund remedial and removal sites and 

some non-Superfund sites being remediated by the U.S. 

Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Department of 

Defense (DoD), or under the RCRA corrective action 

program. The ASR online site cleanup information system 

includes Superfund site-specific data such as remedy 

selected, contaminants and media treated, project status, 

and site contact. The online database is available at 

http://cfpub.epa.gov/asr. If you have questions or 

comments about the system, please call EPA’s TIP at (703) 

603-9904. The report can be ordered or downloaded free of 

charge from the CLU-IN Internet site at <http://cluin.org/asr>. To order a copy of the report by phone, call 

EPA’s National Service Center for Environmental 

Publications at (800) 490-9198 or (513) 489-8190. 

EPA Remediation and Characterization Innovative 

Technologies (EPA REACH IT). EPA REACH IT, 

sponsored by EPA’s Technology Innovation Program 

(TIP), is a system that lets environmental professionals use 

the power of the Internet to search, view, download, and 

print information about innovative remediation and 

characterization technologies. EPA REACH IT provides 

information about more than 750 service providers that 

offer characterization technologies. EPA REACH IT 

combines information from three established EPA 

databases, the Vendor Information System fro Innovative 

Treatment Technologies (VISITT), the Vendor Field 

Analytical and Characterization Technologies System 

(Vendor FACTS), and the Innovative Treatment 

Technologies (ITT), to give users access to comprehensive 

information about treatment and characterization 

technologies and their applications. It combines 

information submitted by technology service providers 

about remediation and characterization technologies with 

information from EPA, the U.S. Department of Defense 

(DoD), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and state 

project managers about sites at which innovative 

technologies are being deployed. EPA REACH IT can be 

accessed through the Internet at http://www.epareachit.org. 

It is best viewed using Netscape Navigator or Microsoft 

Internet Explorer, version 4.0 or higher. In 2006 EPA will 

replace the online system with simplified, downloadable 

database or spreadsheet. 

Site Remediation Technology Infobase. The Site 

Remediation Technology Infobase was founded by EPA 

and prepared for the federal agencies participating in the 

Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable. It provides 

information on federal cleanup programs; federal site 

remediation technology development assistance programs, 

and databases; federal electronic resources for site 

remediation; other electronic resources for site remediation 
D-4 

technology information; a bibliography of selected federal 

publications on alternative and innovative site remediation 

technologies; technology survey reports; and technology 

program contacts for DOD, DOE, and EPA. It can be 

accessed through the Internet at: 

<http://www.frtr.gov/publications/infobse/98.html>. 

Cost and Performance Catalog of Case Studies. The 

Cost and Performance Catalog of Case Studies is a joint 

effort of Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable 

members to publish case study reports on full- and 

demonstration-scale remediation projects. As of May 2001, 

member agencies of the Roundtable have completed 274 

cost and performance case study reports. The reports 

(March 1995-May 2001) can be accessed by the Cost and 

Performance Case Studies Search: 

<http://bigisland.ttclients.com/frtr/search.html>.

Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and 

Reference Guide, Version 3.0. The Remediation 

Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, 

Version 3.0, prepared for federal agencies participating on 

the Federal Remediation Technology Roundtable (FRTR), 

provides a “yellow pages” of remediation technologies 

information. The guide is intended to assist remedial 

project managers (RPM) to screen and evaluate candidate 

cleanup technologies and select the best remedial 

alternative(s) for contaminated installations, facilities, or 

waste sites. The guide also assists environmental 

professionals in gathering essential descriptive information 

on the respective technologies. The guide incorporates cost 

and performance data to the maximum extent available and 

focuses primarily on demonstrated technologies. However, 

information on emerging technologies also is included in 

the guide. The guide can be accessed through the Internet 

at <http://www.frtr.gov>. 

TechDirect. TechDirect, hosted by EPA’s TIP, is an 

information service that highlights new publications and 

events of interest to environmental professionals. 

Information about site characterization and remediation 

technologies is available through this Internet subscription 

service. Once a month, the service distributes by electronic 

mail a message describing the availability of publications 

and announcements of events. For publications, the 

message explains how to obtain a hard copy or how to 

download an electronic version from the Internet. For 

additional information about TechDirect, contact Jeff 

Heimerman at (703) 603-7191 or by E-mail at 

heimerman.jeff@epamail.epa.gov. TechDirect can be 

accessed through the Internet at <http://clu-in.org>.

Programs, Partnerships, And Organizations

EPA Library Network Program. The EPA National 

Library Network Program is a repository of information 

from EPA’s Headquarters, Regional and Field Offices, 

Research Centers, and specialized laboratories throughout 

the country. The Library Network provides access to its 

collection through the On-line Library System (OLS), a 

menu-driven database of the library’s holdings. The OLS 

provides users with the ability to perform online searches 

by author, title, or keyword. The EPA National Library 

Network Program can be accessed through the Internet at

<http://www.epa.gov/natlibra>.

Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR). 

FRTR is an interagency working group that provides a 

forum for the exchange of information regarding the 

development and demonstration of innovative technologies 

for the remediation of hazardous waste sites. The forum 

also synthesizes the technical knowledge that Federal 

Agencies have compiled and provides a more 

comprehensive record of performance and cost of the 

technologies. Participating agencies include DoD, the U.S. 

Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Air 

Force, DOE, the U.S. Department of the Interior, and EPA. 

FRTR can be accessed through the Internet at 

<http://www.frtr.gov>. 

Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis 

Center (GWRTAC). GWRTAC was established through a 

cooperative agreement between the National Environmental 

Technology Applications Center (NETAC) of the Center 

for Hazardous Materials Research (CHMR) and EPA. The 

goal of GWRTAC is to compile, analyze, and disseminate 

information about innovative ground-water remediation 

technologies to industry, the research community, 

contractors, government, investors, and the public. The 

center currently is compiling information to be included in 

databases of interactive case studies and vendor information 

that will be available on the GWRTAC Internet site. 

GWRTAC can be accessed through the Internet at 

<http://www.gwrtac.org>. 

Office of Research and Development (ORD). ORD, 

under the Assistant Administrator, Paul Gray, Ph. D., is the 

scientific and technological arm of EPA. Comprised of 

three headquarters offices, three national research 

laboratories and two national centers, ORD is organized 

around a basic strategy of risk assessment and risk 

assessment management to remediate environmental and 

human health problems. ORD focuses on the advancement 

of basic peer-reviewed scientific research and the 

implementation of cost-effective, common sense 

technology. Fundamental to ORD’s mission is a 

partnership with the academic scientific community through 

extramural research grants and fellowships to help develop 

the sound environmental research necessary to ensure 

effective policy and regulatory decisions. ORD also 

implements such programs as the Superfund Innovative 

Technology Evaluation (SITE) program which focuses on 
D-5 

treatment technologies and EPA’s Environmental 

Technology Verification Program (ETV) which focuses on 

site characterization technologies. ORD can be accessed 

through the Internet at <http://www.epa.gov/ORD/>. 

Remediation Technologies Development Forum 

(RTDF). RTDF was established by EPA to foster publicprivate partnerships that would conduct laboratory and 

applied research to develop, test, and evaluate innovative 

remediation technologies. RTDF’s home page provides 

access to information about various remediation 

technologies currently being designed, developed and 

evaluated through seven action teams of RTDF including: 

the Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents Consortium, 

the LASAGNATM Partnership, the Permeable Reactive 

Barriers Action Team, the Sediments Remediation Action 

Team, the In-Place Inactivation and Natural Ecological 

Restoration Technologies (IINERT) Soil-Metals Action 

Team, the Phytoremediation of Organics Action Team, and 

the In Situ Flushing Action Team. RTDF can be accessed 

through the Internet at <http://www.rtdf.org>. 

Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) 

Demonstration Program. The SITE Demonstration 

program was established by EPA’s Office of Solid Waste 

and Emergency Response and the Office of Research and 

Development to encourage the development and 

implementation of innovative treatment technologies for the 

remediation of hazardous waste sites, and monitoring and 

measurement. Through the program, technologies are fieldtested on hazardous waste materials and engineering and 

cost data are gathered on the innovative technology so that 

potential users can assess the technology's applicability to a 

particular site. Data collected during the field 

demonstrations are used to assess the performance of the 

technology, the potential need for pre- and post-processing 

of the waste, applicable types of wastes and waste matrices, 

potential operating problems, and approximate capital and 

operating costs. The collected information is then provided 

in a Innovative Technology Evaluation Report, Technology 

Capsule, and Demonstration Bulletin. These reports 

evaluate all available information on the technology and 

analyze its overall applicability to other site characteristics, 

waste types, and waste matrices. Testing procedures, 

performance and cost data, and quality assurance and 

quality standards also are presented. The SITE 

Demonstration program can be accessed through the 

Internet at <http://www.epa.gov/ORD/SITE>.

Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC). 

ITRC is a state-led coalition working together with industry 

an stakeholders to achieve regulatory acceptance of 

environmental technologies. ITRC consists fo more than 

35 states, the District of Columbia, multiple federal 

partners, industry participants, and other stakeholders, 

cooperation to break down barriers and reduce compliance 

costs, making it easier to use new technologies and helping 

states maximize resources. Originating in 1995 from a 

previous initiative by the Western Governors Association 

(WGA). ITRC brings together a diverse mix of 

environmental experts and stakeholders from both the 

public and private sectors to broaden and deepen technical 

knowledge and streamline the regulation of new 

environmental technologies. ITRC accomplishes its 

mission in two ways: it develops guidance documents and 

training courses to meet the needs of both regulators and 

environmental consultants, and it works with state 

representatives to ensure that ITRC products and services 

have maximum impact among state environmental agencies 

and technology users. ITRC technical work teams develop 

guidance documents and both classroom and Internet-based 

training courses to meet the information needs of regulatory 

staff, technology vendors, and environmental consultants. 

These products help state environmental agencies gain 

valuable technical knowledge and develop consistent 

regulatory approaches for reviewing and approving specific 

technologies. State regulators lead ITRC technical teams, 

which rely on broad-based participation from federal 

agencies, industry, academia, and other stakeholders in 

building collective knowledge and collaborative products. 

ITRC can be accessed through the Internet at <http://www. 

itrcweb.org>.

Technology Innovation Program (TIP). The U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) TIP was created 

in 1990 to act as an advocate for new technologies. TIP’s 

mission is to increase the application of innovative 

treatment technologies to contaminated waste sites, soils, 

and groundwater. To meet that mission, TIP has expanded 

its focus from treatment technologies to include site 

characterization technologies in order to improve the 

remediation process. TIP has encouraged and relied on 

cooperative ventures with other partners to accomplish 

many of its goals. This effort to effectively use resources 

has led to numerous joint efforts that have enhanced the 

state of both remediation and site characterization. For 

additional information about TIP, contact Jeff Heimerman 

of EPA’s TIP at (703) 603-7191. TIP can be accessed 

through the Internet at 

<http://clu-in.org/tiomiss.cfm>. 

SITE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNOLOGIES

Electronic Sources of Information

EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory - 

Hazardous Waste Site Characterization (on CD-ROM) 

(EPA 600-C-96-001). The Hazardous Waste Site 

Characterization CD-ROM, developed by NERL’s ESDLV, compiles guidance documents and related software to 

aid environmental professionals in the complex, 

multidisciplinary, characterizing of hazardous waste sites. 
D-6 

The CD-ROM is a compilation of computer programs 

related to EPA’s RCRA and Superfund programs that can 

be printed, as well as searched by key words. Using the 

CD-ROM requires a personal computer with DOS Version 

3.0 or higher, 640K of Ram, and 3 MB of hard disk space. 

A math co-processor is recommended but not required. The 

CD-ROM can be ordered on-line through the NTIS Internet 

site at <www.ntis.gov>. 

Field Sampling and Analysis Technologies Matrix. The 

Matrix, developed by participating agencies of the Federal 

Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR), is a matrix 

and reference guide that is intended to provide users with an 

understanding of the site characterization technologies 

available to them and the applicability of various 

technologies to their particular problem(s). The Matrix 

provides a general understanding of state-of-the-art 

technologies for site characterization. The Matrix and 

reference guide also enhances technology information 

transfer and provides much needed comparison among 

competing technologies. The Matrix can be accessed 

through the Internet at <http://www.frtr.gov/site>. 

TechDirect. TechDirect, hosted by EPA’s TIP, is an 

information service that highlights new publications and 

events of interest to environmental professionals. 

Information about site characterization and remediation 

technologies are available through this Internet subscription 

service. Approximately once a month, the service 

distributes by electronic mail a message describing the 

availability of publications and announcements of events. 

For publications, the message explains how to obtain a hard 

copy or how to download an electronic version from the 

Internet. To subscribe to TechDirect and view archived 

messages, go to <http://clu-in.org/newsletters>. 

Programs, Partnerships, and Organizations

Consortium for Site Characterization and Technology 

(CSCT). CSCT was established as one of 12 pilot projects 

currently implemented by EPA’s Environmental 

Technology Verification (ETV) Program. The CSCT is a 

partnership program among the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Defense 

(DoD), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that is 

responsible for evaluating and verifying the performance of 

innovative site characterization technologies. The CSCT 

provides support to technology developers, evaluates and 

verifies data generated during demonstrations, and develops 

and disseminates information about the performance of site 

characterization technologies. CSCT can be accessed 

through the Internet at <http://clu-in.org/csct.htm>. 

Environmental Technology Verification Program. The 

ETV program seeks to provide credible performance data 

on environmental technologies from independent third 

parties under the auspices of EPA. It verifies the 

performance of innovative technical solutions to problems 

that threaten human health or the environment. Managed 

by EPA’s ORD, ETV was created to substantially 

accelerate the entrance of new environmental technologies 

into domestic and international marketplaces. It supplies 

buyers of technologies, developers of those technologies, 

consulting engineers, states, and EPA regions with highquality data on the performance of new technologies. ETV 

expands on past verification efforts, such as those 

conducted under the SITE program for remediation 

technologies. ETV currently implements 10 pilot projects, 

including the Consortium for Site Characterization 

Technology (CSCT). The ETV program can be accessed 

through the Internet at <http://www.epa.gov/etv>. 

EPA Library Network Program. The EPA National 

Library Network Program is a repository of information 

from EPA’s Headquarters, Regional and Field Offices, 

Research Centers, and specialized laboratories throughout 

the country. The Library Network provides access to its 

collection through the On-line Library System (OLS), a 

menu-driven database of the library’s holdings. The OLS 

provides users with the ability to perform online searches 

by author, title, or keyword. The material on OLS is 

updated every two weeks. The EPA National Library 

Network Program can be accessed through the Internet at

<http://www.epa.gov/natlibra>. 

Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) 

Demonstration Program. The SITE Demonstration 

program was established by EPA’s Office of Solid Waste 

and Emergency Response and the Office of Research and 

Development to encourage the development and 

implementation of innovative treatment technologies for the 

remediation of hazardous waste sites, and monitoring and 

measurement. Through the program, technologies are fieldtested on hazardous waste materials and engineering and 

cost data are gathered on the innovative technology so that 

potential users can assess the technology's applicability to a 

particular site. Data collected during the field 

demonstrations are used to assess the performance of the 

technology, the potential need for pre- and post-processing 

of the waste, applicable types of wastes and waste matrices, 

potential operating problems, and approximate capital and 

operating costs. The collected information is then provided 

in a Innovative Technology Evaluation Report, Technology 

Capsule, and Demonstration Bulletin. These reports 

evaluate all available information on the technology and 

analyze its overall applicability to other site characteristics, 

waste types, and waste matrices. Testing procedures, 

performance and cost data, and quality assurance and 

quality standards also are presented. The SITE 

Demonstration program can be accessed through the 

Internet at <http://www.epa.gov/ORD/SITE>. 
D-7 

Technology Innovation Program (TIP). The U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) TIP was created 

in 1990 to act as an advocate for new technologies. TIP’s 

mission is to increase the application of innovative 

treatment technologies to contaminated waste sites, soils, 

and groundwater. To Meet that mission, TIP has expanded 

its focus from treatment technologies to include site 

characterization technologies in order to improve the 

remediation process. TIP has encouraged and relied on 

cooperative ventures with other partners to accomplish 

many of its goals. This effort to effectively use resources 

has led to numerous joint efforts that have enhanced the 

state of both remediation and site characterization. For 

additional information about TIP, contact Jeff Heimerman 

of EPA’s TIP at (703) 603-7191. TIP can be accessed 

through the Internet at 

<http://clu-in.org/tiomiss.cfm>. 
E-1 

Appendix E 

GLOSSARY OF REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
E-2 

 This Appendix presents definitions and brief discussions of several innovative 

remediation technologies. Established/conventional technologies (including pump and treat, 

stabilization, vitrification, incineration, and excavation/disposal) are being replaced by these 

state-of-the-art, typically more cost-effective technologies. These established/conventional 

technologies are also discussed in this Appendix. 

Innovative Remediation Technologies

 BIOREMEDIATION uses microorganisms to degrade organic contaminants in either 

excavated or in situ soil, sludge, and solids. The microorganisms break down contaminants by 

using them as a food source or cometabolizing them with a food source. Land farming, biopiles, 

composting, and slurry-phase bioremediation are examples of ex situ applications. Bioventing is 

a common form of in situ bioremediation which uses extraction wells to circulate air through the 

ground. 

 CHEMICAL TREATMENT, also known as chemical reduction/oxidation, typically 

converts hazardous contaminants to nonhazardous or less toxic compounds that are more stable, 

less mobile, or inert. The oxidizing agents most commonly used for treatment of hazardous 

contaminants in soil are ozone, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorites, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, 

potassium permanganate, and Fentons reagent (hydrogen peroxide and iron). Cyanide oxidation 

and dechlorination are examples of chemical treatment. This method may be applied in situ or 

ex situ, to soils, sludges, sediments, and other solids, and may also be applied for the in situ 

treatment of groundwater. 

 ELECTROCHEMICAL REMEDIATION involves the passage of AC/DC current to 

mineralize organic compounds and to mobilize and remove metal contaminants. The electrical 

field created within the soil or sediment causes redox reactions that mineralize the organics and 

increase mobilization of metals. The metals migrate to the electrodes where they are deposited 

and removed. 

 IN SITU SOIL FLUSHING: large volumes of water, at times supplemented with 

surfactants, cosolvents, or treatment compounds, are applied to the soil or injected into the 

groundwater to raise the water table into the contaminated soil zone. Injected water and 
E-3 

treatment agents are isolated within the underlying aquifer and recovered together with flushed 

contaminants. 

PHYTOREMEDIATION is a process that uses plants (roots, shoots, tissues, and leaves) 

to remove, transfer, stabilize, or destroy contaminants in soil, sediment, and groundwater. 

Phytoremediation applies to all biological, chemical, and physical processes that are influenced 

by plants and that aid in cleanup of the contaminated substances. Plants can be used in site 

remediation, both through the mineralization of toxic organic compounds and through the 

accumulation and concentration of heavy metals and other inorganic compounds from soil into 

aboveground shoots. Phytoremediation may be applied in situ or ex situ, to soils, sludges, 

sediments, other solids, or groundwater. 

 DUAL-PHASE EXTRACTION, also known as multi-phase extraction, uses a vacuum 

system to remove various combinations of contaminated groundwater, separate-phase petroleum 

product, and vapors from the subsurface. The system lowers the water table around the well, 

exposing more of the formation. Contaminants in the newly exposed unsaturated zone are then 

accessible to soil vapor extraction. Once above ground, the extracted vapors or liquid-phase 

organics and ground water are separated and treated. 

NANOTECHNOLOGY is described as the ability to work at the molecular level to create 

structures with new organizations and characteristics. Applications of this emerging technology 

include advances in pollution prevention, detection, and waste treatment, and remediation. 

Nanotechnology may allow for the removal of contaminants to levels currently unattainable and 

in a cost-effective manner. 

 SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION (S/S) reduces the mobility of hazardous 

substances and contaminants in the environment through both physical and chemical means. The 

S/S process physically binds or encloses contaminants within a stabilized mass. S/S is performed 

both ex situ and in situ. Ex situ S/S requires excavation of the material to be treated, and the 

resultant material must be disposed. In situ S/S uses auger/caisson systems and injector head 

systems to add binders to the contaminated soil or waste without excavation, and the resultant 

material is left in place. 

 SOLVENT EXTRACTION uses an organic solvent as an extractant to separate organic 

and metal contaminants from soil. The organic solvent is mixed with contaminated soil in an 

extraction unit. The extracted solution is then passed through a separator, where the 
E-4 

contaminants and extractant are separated from the soil. Organically bound metals may be 

extracted along with the target organic contaminants. 

 IN SITU THERMAL DESORPTION: wastes are heated so that organic contaminants 

and water volatilize. Typically, a carrier gas or vacuum system transports the volatilized water 

and organics to a gas treatment system. 

 THERMALLY ENHANCED RECOVERY uses heat to increase the volatilization rate of 

organics and facilitate extraction. Volatilized contaminants are typically removed from the 

vadose zone using soil vapor extraction. Specific types of these thermally enhanced recovery 

techniques include Contained Recovery of Oily Waste (CROWTM), radio frequency heating, 

conductive heating, steam heating, in situ steam stripping, hot air injection, dynamic 

underground stripping, in situ thermal desorption, and electrical resistance heating. Thermally 

enhanced recovery is usually applied to contaminated soil, but may also be applied to 

groundwater. 

 VITRIFICATION uses an electric current to melt contaminated soil at elevated 

temperatures (1,600 to 2,000°C or 2,900 to 3,650°F). Upon cooling, the vitrification product is a 

chemically stable, leach-resistant, glass and crystalline material similar to obsidian or basalt 

rock. The high temperature component of the process destroys or removes organic materials. 

Radionuclides and heavy metals are retained within the vitrified product. Vitrification may be 

conducted in situ or ex situ. 

 TREATMENT BARRIERS, also known as permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) or passive 

treatment walls, are installed across the flow path of a contaminated groundwater plume, 

allowing the water portion of the plume to flow through the wall. These barriers allow the 

passage of water while prohibiting the movement of contaminants by employing agents within 

the wall such as zero-valent metals, chelators, sorbents, and microbes. The contaminants are 

either degraded or retained in a concentrated form by the barrier material, which may need to be 

replaced periodically. 

Conventional Remediation Technologies

 AIR SPARGING involves the injection of air or oxygen through a contaminated aquifer. 

Injected air traverses horizontally and vertically in channels through the soil column, creating an 
E-5 

underground stripper that removes volatile and semivolatile organic contaminants by 

volatilization. Soil Vapor Extraction is usually implemented in conjunction with air sparging to 

remove the generated vapor-phase contamination from the unsaturated zone. Oxygen added to 

the contaminated groundwater and vadose-zone soils also can enhance biodegradation of 

contaminants below and above the water table. 

 EX SITU THERMAL DESORPTION: wastes are heated so that organic contaminants 

and water volatilize. Typically, a carrier gas or vacuum system transports the volatilized water 

and organics to a gas treatment system. 

 SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION (SVE) is used to remediate the zone of soil which is 

unsaturated with contaminated groundwater. A vacuum is applied to the soil to control the flow 

of air and remove volatile and some semivolatile organic contaminants from the soil. 

 For SOIL WASHING, contaminants are absorbed onto fine soil particle surfaces and are 

separated from bulk soil in a water-based system on the basis of particle size. The wash water 

may be augmented with a basic leaching agent, surfactant, or chelating agent or by adjustment of 

pH to help remove organics and heavy metals. Soils and wash water are mixed ex situ in a tank 

or other treatment unit. The wash water and various soil fractions are usually separated using 

gravity settling. 

 VERTICAL ENGINEERED BARRIERS (VEBs) are subsurface barriers made of an 

impermeable material designed to contain or divert groundwater. VEBs can be used to contain 

contaminated groundwater, divert uncontaminated groundwater from a contaminated area, or 

divert contaminated groundwater from a drinking water intake or other protected resource. 

 INCINERATION involves the ex situ destruction of contaminated soil, sludge, and 

sediment in high temperature (1,800 - 2,200EF) combustion devices. A typical hazardous waste 

incinerator consists of a rotary kiln (primary combustion chamber), an afterburner (secondary 

combustion chamber), connected to an air pollution control system, all of which are controlled 

and monitored. 

PUMP-AND-TREAT involves removal of contaminated groundwater from the 

subsurface. Treatment and discharge or reinjection is one of the most widely used ground-water 

remediation technologies. The pump and treat remediation approach is used at about threequarters of the Superfund sites where ground water is contaminated and at most sites where 

cleanup is required by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and state laws. It is often 
E-6 

associated with treatment technologies such as Air Stripping and Liquid -phase Granular 

Activated Charcoal. Although the effectiveness of pump and treat systems has been called into 

question after two decades of use, this approach remains a necessary component of most groundwater remediation efforts and can be appropriate for both restoration and plume containment.