1 ... See Te x. R. App . P. 47. 4. 

## COURT OF APPEALS SECOND DISTRICTOFTEXAS FORT WORTH
NO . 2- 07- 369- CR
M I CH AE LAN T HON Y DE L L AT OR E AP P E L L ANT V . TH E STA TE O F TEXA S STA TE

----- ----- -- FR O M THE 213TH DI STRI CT CO URT O F TARRA NT CO UN TY

----- ----- -- 

### M E M ORANDU M OP I NI ON 1

----- ----- -- I. I N T R OD U C T I ON A ppe l l antM i cha elA nt honyD el l at or e a ppe al s hi s con v i c t i o n f orpos se ss i on
w i t h i nt entt o del i vera cont r ol l ed subst ance off ourgr am s orm or e, butl ess t han 200 gr am s of m et ham phe t am i ne. I n t w o poi nt s, D el l at or e cha l l eng est he2 ... The r epo rt er ’ s r ec or d us es t he sp el l i ng “Bur r us ”; how eve r , w e u set he

sp el l i ng “ Bur r i s”be ca us e i tap pea r s on t he doc um ent s i n t he cl er k’ s r ec or d.

3 ... O f f i ce r M or gan t es t i f i ed t hata t r as h i nve st i gat i on c ons i st s oft he pol i cegoi ng t o a l oca t i on s us pec t ed ofna r cot i csac t i vi t y on t he dayt hatthe tr a sh i s s c h e d u l e d for p i c ku p an d tak i n g the tr a sh fr o m tha t l o c a ti o n b a c kto th e p o l i c e d e p a rtm e n t to s i ft th ro u g h i t fo r e v i d e n c e o f n a rc o ti c sa c ti v i ty . 2 le g a l a n d f a c t u a l s u f f ic ie n c y o f t h e e v id e n c e t o s u p p o rth isc o n v ic t io n . W e w ill
a f f i r m. II. F ACTU AL B ACKGROUND O f f i ce rBr etM or gan w i t h t he Eul es s Pol i ce D epa rt m ent t es t i f i ed t hathe f i r stencoun t er ed D el l at or e i n 2 00 3 w hen D el l at or e w as a pass engeri n a t r uck t hatw as l eavi ng a r esi dence at 10 03 C ol l i n D r i ve, w her e O f f i cerM or gan w as i nvest i gat i ng com pl ai nt s t hatdr ugs w er e bei ng deal t . O f f i cerM org an i nvest i gat ed t he r esi dence agai n i n 2 00 4 w hen ano t herdr ug com pl ai ntw as
m a d e a n d t h e n m e tw it h t h e o c c u p a n t so f t h e r e s id e n c e — M a r ie B u r r is 2 a n d D el l at or e— i n M ar ch 2 00 6, w hen t hey m ade a h a r assm entr eportand ver i f i ed th e i r a d d re s sa s1 0 0 3 C o l l i n D ri v e . A s part o f h is ongo i ng i nvest i gat i on, O f f i cerM or gan con ducted a t r ash i nve st i gat i on 3o ft het r a s h fr o m 1003 Col l i n Dr i veo n Dec e m be r1, 2006 . W i t h i n t h e tra s h , O ffice r M o rg a n fo u n d m u l ti p l e “ d e a l b a g s ”w i th a p o w d e ry
r e s i d u e a n d a l o to fs ma l l “ r o a c h e s ”o rs ma l l , s mo k e d ma r ij u a n a c i g a r e tt e s . He4 ... The m ai l t hatw asad dr es se d t o D el l at or e c ons i st ed ofs ol i ci t at i on- t ype

m a i l o r j u n km a i l ; a n A T & Tb i l l w a sa d d re s s e d to B u rri s .

5 ... I n addi t i on t o descr i bi ng t he i t em s f oun d i n t he t r ash, O f f i cerM or gan i n c l u d e d the foll o w i n g fac ts i n h i s s e a rch w a rr a n t affi d a v i t: ( 1) O n S ept em ber 1 7 , 2 00 3, he f ol l ow ed up on a com pl ai ntt hatBu r r i s w as deal i ng nar cot i cs f r om 10 03 C ol l i n D r i ve and st opp ed a gr een pi ck- up t r uck as i tl eftt he r es i den ce . As a r es ul t of t he st op, hear r es t ed Bur r i s f orpos se ss i on of a p r o h i b i t e d we a p o n a n d p o s s e s s i o n o fme t h a mp h e t a mi n e . Hen o t e d t hat D e l l a to rew a sa p a s s e n g e r i n th e tru c kd u ri n g th i ss to p . ( 2) O n Jun e 26 , 20 04 , O f f i cerM or gan w as cont act ed by a conf ident i al i nf or m antw h o st at ed t hatBur r i s w asi n pos se ss i on ofa l ar ge am ountof m et ham phetam i ne. O f f i cerM or gan ob served t w o peop l e ent era vehi cl e par ked i n t he dr i vew ay of10 03 C ol l i n D riv e. A notherof f i cerst opp ed t hatvehi cl e, w h i c h w a sd ri v e n b yS c o tt B ra d e n . B ra d e n a n d B u rri s , w h o w a sth e p a s s e n g e r, w e rea rre s te d fo r p o s s e s s i o n o f m e th a m p h e ta m i n e . ( 3) O n M ar ch 2 3, 20 06 , Bu r r i s and D el l at or e contact ed O f f i cerM or gan t o m ake a har assm entr eportand ver i f i ed t hatt hey l i ved at10 03 C ol l i n D r i ve i n Eul ess. 3 al so f oun d m ai l addr essed t o M ar i e Bu r r i s and M i chael D el l at or e. 4Bas ed on t he i t e m sf ou nd i n t het r a s h a nd Of f i c e r M o rga n ’s o ng oi ng i nv e s t i ga t i on o f1003 C o l l i n D ri v e , h e p rep a red an d su b m i tted a s e a rch w a rr a n t affi d a v i t. 5O f f i cer M o rg a n te s ti fi e d a t tri a l th a t h e d i d n o t h a v e p e rs o n a l k n o w l e d g e th a t D e l l a to re
w a s l i vi ng a t1003 Col l i n Dr i ve. How eve r , heco nne ct ed t he dot s— D el l at o re had s ai d he w as l i vi ng t her e i n M ar ch w hen he f i l ed t he har as sm entr epo rt , an d th e n th e m a i l fro m th e tra s h ru n o n D e c e m b e r 1 , 2 0 0 6 , i n d i c a te d th a t D e l l a to re
w ass t i l l l i vi ng t her e. Bas ed on t he se ar ch w ar r antaf f i dav i t , a j udgei ss ued a4

sear ch w ar r ant f or 10 03 C ol l i n D r i ve. O f f i cer M or gan t her eafte r contact ed D e te c ti v e M u rp h re e w i th th e n a rc o ti c sta s kfo rc e . O f f i ce rTodd M ur phr ee , w ho w as as si gne d t o t he nar cot i cst as k f or ceof t he Eul ess Pol i ce D epart m entt est i f i ed t hat on D ecem ber 1, 20 06 , he execut ed th e s e a rc h w a rra n t a t 1 0 0 3 C o l l i n D ri v e a n d th a t s i x to e i g h t o ffice rs ac com pan i ed hi m . As t heyap pr oac hed t he hous e, Bur r i s c a m e o utoft he hous e. O f f i ce rM ur phr eeen t er ed t he hous e a nd m ades ur e t hatt her e w er e n o ot her s i n t he hous e b ef or e b r i ngi ng Bur r i s bac k i n and de t ai ni ng he ri n t he f r ont l i v i n g a re a . O f f i ce M ur phr ee sear ch e d th e bat hr oom and a bedr oom t hathad been t urn e d i nt o an of f i ce. I n t he r oom t hatf uncti oned as an of f i ce, O f f i cer M u r p h r e e f o u n d a d ig it a l s c a le s itt in g o n t o p o ft h e d e s k , a lo n g w it h a s m a ll
n o teb o o kw i th a ro se o n the fr o n t t h a t co n tai n e d n a m e s w ri tten i n i t w i th
nu m e ri c a l v al uesbe si de t hem . I ns i de t he l eft - han d dr aw eroft he des k, he l o c a ted o n e b a g g i e , c o n tai n i n g a w h i te c rys tal su b sta n c e tha t he rec o g n i ze d to b e m e t h a m p h e t a m in e . In t h a t s a m e d r a w e r , h e f o u n d a la r g e rZ ip -lo c kb a g g ie t h a th a d h u n d r e d so fe m p t yb a g g ie sin it . O f f ic e M u r p h r e e a ls o f o u n d a t r a f f ic
c i t a t i on d a t e d O c t ob e r 9 i s s ue d t o Del l a t or e a nd b e a r i ng t hea dd r e s so f1003 C ol l i n D r i ve. O f f i ce r s al so l oca t ed doc um ent s w i t h Bur r i s’ s nam e on t hem i n t he
o f f ic e . T h e d o c u m e n t sf o u n d c lo s e s t t o t h e d r u g s b e lo n g e d t o B u r r is . O n a w a ll5

sh el vi ng un i t , hef ound ot herba g g i e s, co nt ai ni ng w hatap pea r ed t o be
m et ham phetam i ne. H e al so f oun d a bl ack w al l et , i n w hi ch t her e w er e t hr ee
m o reb a g g i e sth a t c o n ta i n e d m e th a m p h e ta m i n e . O f f i cerM ur phr ee di d not r ecal l seei ng anyi t em s i n t he bat hr oom t hat obvi ousl y bel ong ed t o a m an, but he sai d he w as notsear chi ng f orsuch i t em s. A pi ct ur e oft he bat hr oom w as adm i tt ed i nt o evi dence show i ng t hatt he t oi l et
s e a t w a s i n th e u p ri g h t p o s i ti o n ; n o e x p l a n a ti o n w a sp ro v i d e d fo r th e s e a t’s posi t i on, i . e. , use, cl eani ng, orot her w i se. I n th e o t herbe dr oom , w her e m or e m et ham phe t am i ne w asl oca t ed, of f i ce r s not i ce d a pa i r o f m en’ s boot s and a bas eba l l ca p. O ne oft he phot ogr aph s t hatw asad m i tt ed i nt o evi den cede pi ct ed a t r ay l oca t ed i ns i de one of t he bedr oom s. Th e t r ay contai ned som e m ar ij uana r esi due an d a d igi t al
sc al e, w hi ch O f f i ce rM ur phr eet es t i f i ed i s us ed t o w ei gh na r cot i cs . Dur i ng t he
sear ch, of f i cer s f oun d $ 39 4 i n t he bl ack w al l eti n t he of f i ce, $2 20 i n t he desk d ra w e r i n th e o ffice , a n d $ 6 4 2 i n B u rri s ’sp u rs e . W hi l e o ffic er s w er e s ea r chi ng t he r es i den ce , D el l at or e a r r i ved , an d t he of f i ce r s det ai ned hi m . D el l at or e t ol d O f f i ce rM ur phr eet hatD el l at or e h ad so m e f r am ed f ootbal l j er seys on t he w al l i n t he hou se t hat bel ong ed t o hi m and t hat he and B ur r i s had sl epti n one o f t he bedr oom s t he pr evi ous ni ght. O f f i cer6

M u rp h re e a l s o r e c a l l e d t h a t B u rri sh a d s a i d th a t s h e a n d D e l l a to rew e re c o m m o n -l a w h u s b a n d a n d w i fe . O f f i ce rM ur phr eet es t i f i ed t hat“ us eram ount ” i s an am ount , us ual l y a gr am , t hatsom e o n e w oul d i ngestf orhi s per sonal use, w her eas “deal er am ount ” r ef er s t o “i nt ent f or r edi st r i but i on ors al e, s om et hi ng m or e t han j us tf or per so nalus e. ” H e f urt her t es t i f i ed t hatba se d on hi s exp er i enc e a nd t r ai ni ng, t he qua rt erounc e o fm et ha m p h et am i ne f ound i n t hi s ca se , al ong w i t h t he pr esence ofhund r eds ofbaggi es, di gi t al scal e s , a n d t he l edgernot eboo k, i n d i c a te a d e a l e r qu a n ti ty ra th e r t h a n a p e rso n a l u se q u a n ti ty. P u rsu a n t t o of f i cepol i cy, O f f i ce rM ur phr eedi d nott a kean y f i nge r pr i nt s on a ny o ft he
e v i d e n c e . Shar on Pa tt on, a dr ug c hem i st w i th th e F ortW ort h Pol i ceD epa rt m ent C ri m e L a b , te s ti fi e d th a t s h e te s te d t h r e e b a g g i e sc o n ta i n i n g a p o w d e ry su b st ance. The bag gi e l abel ed J- 1 m easur ed 0 . 12 gr am s, t he bagg i e l abel ed J- 2 m easur ed 1 . 3 g r am s, and t he bagg i e l abel ed J- 3 m easur ed 0 . 01 gr am s; e a c h o f t h e s e b a g g i e sc o n ta i n e d m e th a m p h e ta m i n e . A d d i ti o n a l l y , S ta te ’s E x h i b i t 6 , I te m E m e a s u re d 5 .5 8 g ra m sc o n ta i n i n g m e th a m p h e ta m i n e . A ft erhear i ng t he evi dence, t he j ury f oun d D el l at or e gui l t y oft he of f ense ofposs e s s i o n ofa con t r ol l ed su bs t anc e, na m el y m et ham phe t am i ne, off our gr am s orm or e b utl es s t han 200 gr am s w i t h i nt ent t o del i verasch ar ged i n t he7

i n d i c tm e n t. A fte r h e a ri n g e v i d e n c e d u ri n g th e p u n i s h m e n t p h a s e , th e tri a l c o u rt
se nt enc ed D el l at or e t o t hi rt y ye ar s’ co nf i nem ent . Thi s app ea l f ol l ow ed. III. S UF FICIE NC Y S TANDARDS OF R EV I EW A . LegalSu ff i ci ency I n r evi ew i ng t he l ega l su f f i ci enc y oft he evi den cet o s upporta con vi ct i on,
w e vi ew al l t he evi dence i n t he l i ght m ost f avor abl e t o t he pr osecut i on i n or der t o det er m i ne w het her any r at i onal t r i eroff actcoul d have f oun d t he essent i al
e l e m e n tso f th e c ri m e b e y o n d a re a s o n a b l e d o u b t. Ja cks o nv. V ir ginia , 443 U .S . 3 0 7 , 3 1 9 , 9 9 S . C t. 2 7 8 1 , 2 7 8 9 (1 9 7 9 ); Cl a y to nv. S tate , 235 S . W . 3d 7 7 2 , 7 7 8 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 7 ). T h i s s tan d a rd g i v e s fu l l p la yto th eres p o n sibi l i ty o f t h e tr i e r of fac t t o
r esol v e c o n f l i ct s i n t he t est i m ony, t o w ei gh t he evi dence, and t o dr aw re a s o n a b l e i n fe re n c e s fro m b a s i c fa c ts to u l ti m a te fa c ts . Jacks on , 44 3 U . S . at 3 1 9 , 9 9 S . C t. a t 2 7 8 9 ; Cl ayton , 235 S. W . 3d at 778 . The t r i er of f ac t i s t he
s o l e j u d g e o f th e w e i g h t a n d c re d i b i l i ty o f th e e v i d e n c e . SeeT e x . C o d e C r i m. P ro c . A n n . a rt. 3 8 .0 4(V e rn o n 1 9 7 9 ); Ma rgra ves v. S tate , 34 S. W . 3d 912, 919 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 0 ). T h u s , w h e n p e rfo rm i n g a l e g a l s u fficie n c yre v i e w , w e
m a yn o t r e -ev a l u a te th e w e i g h t an d cre d i b i l i ty o f th e ev i d e n c e an d su b sti tu te
ourj udgm entf ort hatoft he fa c t-fi n d e r. D e wb erryv. S tate , 4 S. W . 3d 735, 7 4 0 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 9 9 ), cert. denied, 5 2 9 U . S . 1 1 3 1 ( 2 0 0 0 ) . I n s t e a d , we8

“d et e r mi n e wh e t h e r t h e n e c e s s a ry i n f e r e n c e s a r e r e a s o n a b l e b a s e d u p o n t he
com bi ned an d c um ul at i ve f or ceofal l t he evi de n c e w h e n vi ew ed i n t he l i ght
m ost f avor abl e t o t he ver di ct . ” Ho op er v. S tate , 214 S . W . 3d 9, 16–1 7 ( Tex. C r i m . A pp. 2007 ) . W e m us tpr e su m e t hatt he f ac t - f i nde rr es ol ved an y con f l i ct i ng i nf er enc esi n f avo rof t he pr os ec ut i on and def er t o t hatr es ol ut i on. Jacks on , 4 4 3 U .S . a t 3 2 6 , 9 9 S . C t. a t 2 7 9 3 ; Cl ayton , 235 S. W . 3d a t778. Th e st andar d of r evi ew i s t he sam e f or di r ect and ci r cum st a n tia l e v idence
c a s e s . Cl

ayton , 2 3 5 S .W .3 d a t 7 7 8 ; Hoop er, 214 S. W . 3d a t13.

B. Fact ualSu ff i ci ency W h e n rev i e w i n g the fac tu a l su ffi c ie n c y o f t h e ev i d e n c e to s u p p o rta con vi ct i on, w e v i ew al l t he evi den cei n a ne ut r all i gh t , f avo r i ng ne i t herpa rt y. W a tso nv. S tate , 2 0 4S .W .3 d 4 0 4 , 4 1 4(T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 6 ); D r i cha s v. S tate , 17 5 S . W . 3d 79 5, 79 9 ( Tex . C r i m . A pp. 20 05 ) . W e t hen ask w het her t h e e v id e n c e s u p p o rt in g t h e c o n v ic t io n , a lt h o u g h le g a llys u f f ic ie n t , is
nev ert hel es s so w ea k t hat t he f ac t - f i nde r ’ s det er m i nat i on i s cl ea r l y w r ong a nd
m ani f es t l y un j us torw het herco nf l i ct i ng e vi d e n c e s o gr ea t l y ou t w ei ghst he
e v id e n c e s u p p o rt in g t h e c o n v i c t io n t h a tt h e f a c t -f in d e r ’s d e t e r m in a t io n is
m a n i fe s tl y u n j u s t. W atson , 2 0 4 S .W .3 d a t 4 1 4

– 1 5 , 4 1 7 ; Jo hn so nv. S tate , 23 S. W . 3d 1, 11 ( Tex. C r i m . A pp. 200 0) . To r eve r se unde r t he se con d gr ound,
w e m ustdet er m i ne, w i t h som e obj ect i ve basi s i n t he r e c or d, t hatt he gr eat9

w e i g h t a n d p rep o n d e ran c e o f al l the ev i d e n c e , th o u g h l e g a l l ysu ffi c i e n t,
c o n tra d i c tsth e v e rd i c t. W atson , 204 S. W . 3d a t417. I n d e term i n i n g w h e th e r t h e ev i d e n c e i s fac tu a l l y i n su ffi c i e n t t o su p p o rta con vi ct i on t hati s nev ert hel es s su pport ed by l ega l l y s uf f i ci entev i den ce , i ti s not
e n o u g h tha t t h i s c o u rt“h a rbo r a s u b je c ti v e l e v e l o f r e a so n a b l e d o u b t t o overt ur n [ t he] convi ct i on. ” Id . W e c a n n o tc o n c lu d e t h a ta c o n v ic t io n isc le a r ly
w r o n g o rm a n if e s t lyu n ju s ts im p lyb e c a u s e w e w o u ld h a v e d e c id e d d if f e r e n t ly t h a n t h e ju ryo rb e c a u s e w e d is a g r e e w it h t h e ju ry ’s re s o lu t io n o fa c o n f lic tin th e e v i d e n c e . Id . W e m a y n o t sim p l y su b sti tu te o u r j u d g m e n tf o rt h e f a c tf i n d e r ’ s . Johnson , 2 3 S .W .3 d a t 1 2 ; Ca i nv. S tate , 9 5 8 S . W . 2 d 4 0 4 , 407 (T e x . C r im . A p p . 1 9 9 7 ). U n le s st h e re c o r d c le a r ly r e v e a ls t h a ta d if f e r e n tre s u lt i s app r opr i at e, w e m us tde fe r to th e j ury’ s det er m i nat i on oft he w ei ghtt o be gi ven contr adi ct or y t est i m oni al evi dence because r esol ut i on ofth e c o nf l i ct

“ o fte n tu rn so n a n e v a l u a ti o n o f c re d i b i l i tya n d d e m e a n o r, a n d th o s e j u ro rsw e re i n att endan ce w hen t he t est i m ony w as del i ver ed. ” Johnson , 23 S . W . 3d a t8. Th us, w e m us t gi ve due defer ence t o t he f act - f i nder ’ s det er m i nat i ons, “p art i cul ar l y t hos e d et er m i nat i ons con ce r ni ng t he w ei ghtan d c r edi bi l i t y oft he evi dence. ” Id . at9. A n opi ni on addr essi ng f act ual suf f i ci ency m usti ncl ude a di sc us s i o n oft he m os ti m port antan d r el eva ntev i den cet hats upport s t he6 ... Bec aus e Del l at or e c hal l eng ess ol el y on t he pos se ss i on el em ent oft he

of f ens e a nd do esnotch al l e n g e th e “i nt entt o de l i ver ” el em ent , w e n ee d not add r es s t he su f f i ci enc y oft hatas pec tofhi s con vi ct i on.

7 ... Pos se ss i on w i t h i nt ent t o del i ver m et ham phe t am i ne i s a f el ony oft he f i r stdegr ee i ft he am oun toft he contr ol l ed subs ta n ce t o w hi ch t he of f ense appl i es i s, by aggr egat e w ei ght, i ncl udi ng adul t er ant s or di l ut ant s, f ourgr am s o r m o r e b u t l e s sth a n 2 0 0 g ra m s . T e x . H e a l th &S a fe tyC o d e A n n . § 4 8 1 .1 1 2 (d ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 3 ). 10 a p p e l l a n t’sc o m p l a i n t o n a p p e a l . Si m s v. S tate , 9 9 S . W . 3 d 6 0 0 , 6 0 3 ( Tex. C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 3 ).

I V. S UFF I CI ENCYOF E V I D E N C ET O S UPPO RT C ONVI CT I ON F OR

P OSSESSI ON O F C ONTROLL ED S UBSTA NCE I n hi s t w o poi nt s, D el l at o re a rgue s t hatt he evi den cei s l ega l l y a nd f ac t ual l y i ns uf f i ci entt o s upportt he j ury’ s f i ndi ng t ha thepos se ss ed t he
m et ham phetam i ne ati ssue. 6Speci f i cal l y, D el l at or e ar gues t hat th e evi dence pr oves t hat Bu r r i s w as t he onl y per son pr esentw hen t he pol i ce ar r i ved and t hat t he l i n k sp re s e n t d o n o t s h o w a k n o w i n g p o s s e s s i o n b yD e l l a to re . T h e S ta te ’si n d i c tm e n t c h a rg e d th a t D e l l a to re“ d i d th e n a n d th e re i nt ent i ona l l y orkn ow i ngl y po ss es s a c ont r ol l ed su bs t anc e, n a m e l y:
m et ham phetam i ne, off ourgr am s orm or e, butl ess t han t w o hun dr ed gr am s, i ncl udi ng anyadul t er ant s ordi l ut ant s, w i t h i nt entt o d e li v e rsai d contr ol l ed
s u b s ta n c e .” 7 SeeTex. H ea l t h &Saf et y Code Ann. § 481.1 1 2 (a ). To pr ove11

po s s e s s i on o fa c on t r ol l e d s ub s t a nc e , t he St a t e ha d t o pr ov e t ha tDel l a t or e ( 1)
exe r ci se d a ct ualca r e, cu st ody, co nt r ol , orm a n a g e m e ntove rt he con t r aba nd
a n d (2 ) th a t h e k n e w th e m a tte r p o s s e s s e d w a sc o n tra b a n d . See i d. §§ 4 8 1 .0 0 2 (3 8 ), 4 8 1 .1 1 5 (a ) (V e rn o n 2 0 0 3 ); D esh o ng v. S tate , 625 S. W . 2d 327, 3 2 9 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . [P a n e l O p .] 1 9 8 1 ); T a ylo r v. S tate , 106 S. W . 3d 827, 830 (T e x . A p p .— D a l l a s2 0 0 3 , n o p e t.). Th e S t a t e d o e sn o th a v e t o p r o v e t h a tt h e a c c u s e d h a d e x c l u si ve pos se ss i on oft he con t r aba nd; j oi ntpos se ss i o n i s su f f i ci entt o s us t ai n a c o n v i c ti o n . Se eCu dev. S tate , 7 1 6 S .W .2 d 4 6 , 4 7 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 1 9 8 6 ). W hen t her e i s no e v i d e ncet hatt he app el l antw asi n e xcl us i ve con t r ol oft he pl ace w her e t he contr aband w as fo u n d , how ever , t he S t at e m ustof f er add i t i ona l , i nde pen den tf ac t s and ci r cum st anc es t hat“ l i nk”t he ac cus ed t o t he
c o n tra b a n d . Se ePo i n dex ter v. S tate , 153 S . W . 3d 402, 406 ( Tex. Cr i m . A pp. 2 0 0 5 ); D eshong , 6 2 5 S .W .2 d a t 3 2 9 ; se ealso Evan s v. S tate , 2 0 2 S. W . 3d 1 5 8 , 1 6 1 n .9 (T e x . C ri m . A p p . 2 0 0 6 ) (s ta ti n g th a t “ [w ]e h a v e u s e d th a t te rm ‘a f f ir m a t iv e lin k s ,’ b u tw e re c o g n iz e t h a t ‘a f f ir m a t iv e ’ a d d s n o t h in g t o t h e p la in
m eani ng of ‘ l i nk. ’ H encef ort h, w e w i l l use on ly ‘lin k ’ so t hati ti s cl eart hat evi dence of dr ug po sses si on i s j udg ed by t he sam e st andar d a s a llot her evi den ce ”) . Th e l i nksbe t w ee n Del l at or e a nd t he con t r aba nd m us tbe12

e s ta b l i s h e d b ye i th e r d i re c t o r c i rc u m s ta n ti a l e v i d e n c e . See Poi ndexter, 153 S. W . 3d a t406. N o fo rm u l a o f fa c tse x i s ts to d i c ta te a fi n d i n g o f l i n k ss u fficie n t to s u p p o rt
a n i n fe re n c e o f k n o w i n g p o s s e s s i o n . See Ta yl or, 106 S. W . 3d at 830 . I t i s t he l o g i c a l forc e o f t h e ev i d e n c e , a n d n o t th e n u m b e r of l i n k s, tha t su p p o rt s a fac tfi n d e r’sv e rd i c t. See Evans , 2 0 2 S .W .3 d a t 1 6 6 . P o s s i b l e l i n k si n c l u d e b u t a re notl i m i t ed t o t he f ol l ow i ng: ( 1) w het hert he def end antw aspr es entw hen t he d ru g sw e refo u n d ; (2 ) w h e th e r th e d ru g s w e re i n p l a i n v i e w ; (3 ) th e d e fe n d a n t’s pr oxi m i t y t o and t he accessi bi l i t y oft he dr ugs; ( 4) w het hert he def endan tw as unde rt he i nf l uen ceofdr ugsw hen ar r es t ed; ( 5) w h e th e rt he def end ant pos se ss ed ot herco nt r aba nd or dr ugs w hen ar r es t ed; ( 6) w het hert he def end ant
m adean y i ncr i m i nat i ng st at em ent s w hen ar r es t ed; ( 7) w het her t he def end ant att em pt ed t o f l ee; ( 8) w het hert he def endan tm ade f urt i ve gest ur es; ( 9) w het her t her e w asan odorofdr ugs ; ( 10) w het herot herco nt r aba nd orot herdr ug par aph er nal i a w aspr es ent ; ( 11) w het hert he def end antow ned orha d t he r i ght t o pos se ss t he pl ac e w her e t he dr ugs w er e f ound; ( 12) w het hert he pl ac e t he d rug s w e re fo u n d w a s e n c l o se d ; (1 3 ) w h e th e r th e d e fen d a n t w a s fo u n d w i th a l ar ge am ountofca sh ; an d ( 14) w het hert he con duc toft he def end ant i n d i c a te d a c o n s c i o u s n e s so f g u i l t. Id. a t162 n. 12.13

I n t hi s case, t he bagg i es ofm et ham phetam i ne t hatO f f i cerM u rp hr ee l ocat ed w er e f oun d aft erO f f i cer M or gan had per f or m ed a t r ash i nvest i gat i on at 100 3 C ol l i n Dr i ve t hatco nf i r m ed t hat dr ugsw er e b ei ng de al tf r om t hatl oca t i on. A l t hough t he t es t i m ony at t r i al sh ow ed t hatBur r i s w ast he onl y pe r so n pr es ent
w hen of f i c e r sa r r i v e d t o c o n d u c tt h e s e a r c h , t h e e v i d e n c e e s t a b l i s h e d t hat D el l at or e ar r i ved du r i ng t he sear ch. O f f i cer s conf i scat ed over$1 , 20 0 i n cash i n addi t i on t o t he bagg i es contai ni ng m et ham phetam i ne pow der , deal baggi es, l e d g e rn o t e b o o k , a n d a d i g i t a l s c a l e , wh i c h t h e o f f i c e r sf o u n d s c at t er ed t h r o u g h o u tt h e o f f ic e t h a tD e lla t o r e w o u ld h a v eh a d a c c e s st o b yv irt u e o fh is l i vi ng i n t he hou se. D el l at or e poi nt ed out t o of f i cer s t he bedr oom w her e he had sl ept t he pr evi ous ni ght and adm i tt ed t hatt he f r am ed f oot bal l j er se yst hathung
o n th e w a l l i n th e h o u s e b e l o n g e d to h i m . A sfu rth e r e v i d e n c e th a t D e l l a to re l i ved a t 1 0 0 3 C ol l i n D r i ve, of f i cer s l ocat ed m ai l and a t r af f i c ci t at i on t hat
r ef l ect ed D el l at or e’ s nam e and t he C ol l i n D r i ve addr ess. O ffi c e r M u rph ree tes ti fi e d , h o w e v e r, tha t he d i d n o t t a k e an yfi n g e rpri n ts fro m t h e b a g g i e so r s c a l e sa n d th a t h e d i d n o t a tte m p t to m a tc h th e m e n ’s b o o tsth a t w e refo u n d to D e l l a to re ’ss h o e s i z e . A l t hou gh t hi s evi dence sat i sf i es l ess t han t he f ul l ser i es of i ndi ci a l i st ed abo ve, vi ew i ng t he evi den cei n a f avo r abl e o rne ut r all i ght , t he f or ego i ng evi den cei s su f f i ci entt o e nab l e a r at i ona l fac t - f i nde rt o l i nk D el l at or e t o t he14

m e th a m p h e ta m i n e fo u n d a t 1 0 0 3 C o l l i n D ri v e . Se eW a sh i ng to nv. S tate , 902 S. W . 2d 649, 653 ( Tex. A pp. — H ous t on [ 14t h D i st . ] 199 5, pet . r ef ’ d) ( hol di ng t hatt he evi den cepr es ent ed, w hi ch sh ow ed t hatap pel l ant ow ned t he r es t aur ant atw hi ch cocai ne w as f oun d i n hi s of f i ce and t hat ot her em pl oyees had a key t o t he of f i ce, pr ovi ded l i nks f r om w hi ch th e ju ry coul d r at i onal l y f i nd t hat
a p p e l l a n t c o n tro l l e d th e c o c a i n e a n d k n e w th e c o c a i n e w a sc o n tra b a n d ). W e hol d t hatt he evi den ce i s l ega l l y and f ac t ual l y s uf f i ci entt o l i nk D el l at or e t o t he
m e th a m p h e ta m i n e . See Poi ndexter, 1 5 3 S .W .3 d a t 4 0 5 , 4 1 2 ; Ram o s v. S tate , N os . 02- 07- 001 18- C R, 02- 07- 001 19- C R, 2008 W L 6 2 3 7 7 7 , at*5 ( Tex. A pp. — FortW ort h M ar . 6, 2008 , pe t . r ef ’ d) ( m em . op. , notde si gna t ed f or publ i ca t i on) ( hol di ng t hatev i den cew asl ega l l y a nd f a c tu al l y s uf f i ci entt o l i nk
a p p e l l a ntt o c oca i ne r es i duef ound i n w at erhe at ercl os eti n t he t att oo pa r l or th a t a p p e l l a n t o p e ra te d i n th e g a ra g e c o n n e c te d to h i sh o m e ); Ber rum v. S tate , N o. 11- 01- 000 11- C R, 2002 W L 323 418 48, at *2– 3 ( Tex. A pp. — Eas t l and Ja n. 10 , 20 02 , no pet . ) ( not desi gnated f orpubl i cat i on) ( hol di ng t hatevi dence w as l ega l l y a nd f ac t ual l y s uf f i ci entt o l i nk app el l antt o coc ai ne t hat w as f ound i n a c l o s e t u n d e rn e a th th e s ta i rs , w h i c h w a s c o n v e n i e n tl y a c c e s s i b l e to a p p e l l a n t); T h o mp so nv. S tate , N o. 07- 99- 004 03- C R, 200 0 W L 987303 , at*1–2 ( Tex. A pp. — A m ar i l l o Jul y 18, 200 0, no pet . ) ( not des i gna t ed f or publ i ca t i on) ( hol di ng t hat , al t hou gh evi dence sat i sf i ed l ess t ha n th e fu l l ser i es ofi ndi ci a, evi dence15

w a sle g a llys u f f ic ie n tt o lin k a p p e lla n t t o c o c a in e f o u n d in a s p a c e h e a t e rin h a ll
c l o s e t); Ma tthe ws v. S tate , No. 01- 97- 01348

- CR, 1999 W L2335 10, a t*4–5 ( Tex. A pp. — H ous t on [ 1stD i st . ] A pr . 22, 199 9, pet . r ef ’ d) ( not des i gna t ed f or p u b l i c a ti o n ) (ho l d i n g tha t ev i d e n c e w a s l e g a l l yan d fac tu a l l ysu ffi c i e n t t o suppo rtj ur y ’s fin d ing t hatappel l antw as gui l t y ofpossessi on of cocai ne t hat
w a sfo u n d i n b e d ro o m c l o s e t th a t a p p e l l a n t s h a re d w i th h i sw i fe ). C f . Pierce
v. S tate , N o. 03- 06-0 0 4 92- C R, 2007 W L 426979 6, at*15– 16 ( Tex. A pp. — A us t i n Dec. 5, 200 7, no pe t . ) ( m em . op. , notde si gna t ed f orpubl i ca t i on) (ho l d in g th a t ev i d e n c e w a s l e g a l l yi n su ffi c i e n t t o co n n e c t ap p e l l a n t t o
m et ham phetam i ne l ab athouse because evi dence r eveal ed t hatappel l anthad
m o v e d a n d w a sn o l o n g e r l i v i n g a t re s i d e n c e w h e r e l a b w a sfo u n d ). W e o v e rru l e D e l l a to re ’stw o p o i n ts . V. C ON C L U S I ON H a v i n g o v e rru l e d b o th o f D e l l a to re ’sp o i n ts , w e a ffir m th e tri a l c o u rt’s j u d g m e n t.

SU E W A LKER J U S T I C E PA N EL: H O LM A N , G A RD N ER, an d W A LKER, JJ. DO NO T P UBLI SH Tex. R. A pp. P. 47. 2( b) DEL I VERE D: Oct ob e r9, 2008