r 

### Bureau of 

### Wastewater facilities Design 

### 1 Water Quality Analysis Request for 

### Urart 

### SPDES Permit 

# wn G& -Chief, 

### Water Quality Evaluation Section 

### fl-da'­ -Chief, Industrial Permits Secfion 

### Please indicate if the 

### attached final or inter<m/final effluent limitations are compatiblewith satisfactory maintenance of receiving water quality. 

### If not, please indicate what limitations are needed.

Date: January 14, 1987


### Name Of 

### iCant: Charles Poinr Resource Recovery Facility Westchester Resco Facility 

### Cocation: Peekskill, N.Y

# .
N. Y. 

### Code Number: NY-010-9690 

### Receiving Water: Hudson River 

### Major Drainage Basin: Lower Hudson Drainage Basin


### BWFD 

### Review Engineer: MU Hao Wang


### Comnents: Attached is the Impingement and Entrainment Study for the subject project.

L



### JAN 

### 1 5 1987

### . ..

*.ANDREW P. O’ROURKE

County Executive
FRANKT. KEARNEY, P.E. Commissioner Departmentof PubllcWork8

December 29, 1986

Muhao Wang Industrial Waste Water Section N.Y. State Department of Environmental Conservation 50 Wolf Road Albany, N.Y. RE: Charles Point Resource Recovery Facility SPDES Permit # NY-010-9690 Dear Ms. Wang:

> -I. 

# RECEIVED

In accordance with the SPDES permit issued for the .Charles Point Resource Recovery Facility, enclosed please find the Impingement and Entrainment 

### oLt

# /qpl Study performed at the facility’s intake structure. 0 The chemical analysis requested as part of the permit renewal willbe submitted shortlyunder separate cover. Very trulyyours,?

Charles F. Miles, Jr. Director of Operations

# CH:fl i cc:Jack Issacs Cesare Hanfredi

MichaelianOfficeBuilding 148MartineAvenue,WhitePlains, N.Y. 10601 914-285-

## ................

### EA Report RUS41A . . ., i. -:

w

.



### RESULTS 

### OF AND 1HPINGE)IENT WONITORING STUDIES AT TEE WESTCBESPER RESCO PACILTTP PEEKSKILL, 

## m YORK

Prepared for Vestchester RESCO



### 1 Charles Point Peekskill,New York 10566

L Prepared by EA Scienceand Technology



### R.D. 2, Gbshen Turnpike HiddletownjNew York 10940 A Division of 

### EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, 

### Inc.

October 

### 1986CONTENTS 

### Page 1, INTRODUCTION 1-1 

### 1.1 Study Overviev 1-1

' 1.2 Site Description 

### 1-1 1.2.1 Description of the Hudson River in the Peekskill Area 1-

### 1 1.2.2 Description of the Yestchester RESCO Cooling-Vater Intake System 1-1 2. SUHHARY 2-1 

### 3. HATERIALS AND 

### HETEODS 3-1 3.1 Field Sampling 3-1 3.1.1 Entrainment 3-1 3.1.2 Impingement 3-4 

### 3.2 Laboratory Procedures 3-6 3.3 Data Analysis 3-7 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4-1 4.1 Characteristics 

### of Entrained Ichthyoplankton 4-1 4.1.1 Species and Life Stage Composition 4-1 4.1.2 Seasonal Distribution and Length Frequency 

### of Key Taxa 4-1 4.2 Comparison so Characteristics 

### of Entrainment at Indian Point Generating Station 4-5 

### 4.2.1 'Species and Life Stage Composition 4-8 4.2.2 Seasonal Distributionand Length Frequency 

### of Key Taxa 4-8 

### 4.3 Characteristics of Impinged,*Fish 4-16 / 4.3.1 Species and Life Stage Composition 4-16 4.3.2 Seasonal Distribution 

### of Key Taxa 4-16 4.4 Comparison to Characteristics 

### of Impinged Fish at Indian Point Generating Station 

### 4-19 REFERENCES APPENDIX A: COOLING-VATER INTAKE SYSTEM APPENDIX 

### B: JOHNSON CYLINDRICAL WE-VIRE SCREENS APPENDIX C: SUMMARY 

### OF TAXA 

### AND NUHBERS COLLECTED IN 

### ENTRA1"T AND IHPINGEMENT HONITORING STUDIES

### AT YESTCEESTER RESCO, HAY 1985

# - APRIL 1986LIST 

### OF FIGURES (Cont.)
Number Title 

# - 4-9 Comparison 

### of daily average densities (A), life stage composition 

### (B), and estimated length frequency 

### of Atlantic tomcod entrained at Vestchester RESCO and Indian Point Generating Station, May 

# - August 1985. 4-io Seasonal occurrence (A)

## , species composition 

### (B), and life stage composition (C) 

### of fish collected in impingement samples 

### at Vestchester RESCO, Hay 1985

# - April 1986. 4-11 Density (number per 10rn 6 3) of bay anchovy (A), Atlantic tomcod 

### (B), and other fish 

### (C) in impingement samplesat Vestchester RESCO, Hay 1985

# - April 1986.

..- - 3

I
... .LIST OF TABUS
Number Title 

# - 3-1 Dates sampled 

### for entrainment and impingement at Westchester 

### RESCO, Hay 1985

# - April 1986. 4-1 Species composition 

### of pump entrainment samples at Wcstchester RESCO, Way 1985

# - April 1986, and Indian Point Generating S.tation, 1 Hay



# - 11 August 1985. 4-2 Life stage composition of pump entrainment s&ples 

### at Westchester RESCO, Hay 1985

# - April 1986, and Indian Point Generating Station, 1 Way

# - 11 August 1985.

c, .,
1. INTRODUCTION

d 1.1 STUDY 

### OVERVIEW This report presents the results of environmental monitoring studies conducted at the Uestchester RESCO facility (X.D. No. NY0109690) in Peekskill, New 

### York, during the period Hay 1985

# - April 1986. These studieswere stipulated by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) as a requirement of Westchester RESCO’s current SPDES Permit. L The objectives of the studiesvere the identification and enumeration 

### of each species and life stage of fish that were entrained and impinged by the cooling vater system at the Vestchester RESCO facility. The objectives of the studies vere met and, herein, the characteristics 

### of entrained and impinged populations are described in terns of their species and life stage composition, seasonal distribution and length frequency, and rate of entrainment or impingement at the facility. 

### 1.2 SITE DESCRIPTION 1.2.1 Description of the Hudson River in the Peekskill Area The Westchester RESCO facility is located at Charles Point on the east bank of the Hudson River near the Town of Peekskill, New York. Cooling water intake structures are submerged in the southern corner of Peekskill Bay, which is approximately 70 river kilometers north of the Battery in New York City (Figures 

### 1-1 and 1-2). The Hudson River has a;surface’width

### of about 

### 1,500

### m at Charles Point, and varies considerably in depth. 

### From the shoreline out to the edge of the shipping channel (a distance of 250 m), river depths range from 1 to 

### 8 m below mean sea level. From the edge of the channel across to thewest bank of the river, depths range from 9 to 20 m below mean sea level. Flow rates in this section of the river are controllgd predominantly by the tides. Mean tidal flovs are on the order of 4,009m per second, whereas freshwater slows typically range from about 160m per second in August to about 900 m per Second in April (Con Edison 1977a, p. 2-1). Seasonal trends in salinity are controlled primarily by freshwater flow, The saltfront (0,Ol ppt salinity) generally remains belov Charles Point durigg the months of Harch, April, and Xay when treshwater flows of more than 600

### m per second are normally present. During Athe period of low runoff (generally July through October [ConEdison 1977, TaPle 2-21), the salinity in the vicinity of Charles Point increases but may fluctuate rapidly as a function 

### of tidal stage and height. Ambient river temperatures in this area typically range from 0 to 30 C over the course of 

### a year (Con Edison 1977, 1984). 1.2,2 Description of the Westchester RESCO Cooling-Water Intake System Vestchester RESCO generates electrical power from the heat of combustion 

### of municipal solid waste fuel. The designed generating capacity is 60MY, and the condensers are cooled by a once-through cooling system with a flow rate of 1-1NEWYORK

Poughkcernic RosetonPlant (1.200 MW(c))km106 

# \ Westchester RESCO Facility 60 MWlelKm70 

## I Lovez Plant

Figure 1-1. Location of the Westchester RESCO facility on the Hudson River Estuary.Figure 1-2. Location of the Westchester RESCO facility onPeekskil1 Bay.'.55

### HGD. The cooling vater intake draws from a water depth of 22 ft at an offshore distance 

### of about 800 ft. The coolingwater outfall discharges through a 12-port, 220-ft diffuser located 1,200 ft offshore in 

### 35 ft of vater. The cooling water intake structures are Johnson Company cylindricalvee-wire screens made 

### of a copper-nickel alloy. Bach screen 

### is approximately 1.4 

### m long and 1.4 m in diameter, and there are 4 pairs 

### of screens aounttd on T-stands 

### .P about 1.5 rn above the river bottom. The screens are oriented parallel to ambient currents, and the surface area of each screen 

### is relatively so0 th which reduces debris adhesion. The slot opening of the screenmesh is-&$mrn, 

### 9­ and the design through-slot vater velocity 

### is 15 cm/s, vhdch is 

### less than ambient current flov past the screen surfaces at flood and ebb tides. The screen surfaces are cleaned periodically by an air backwash that dislodges debris and allows the river currents to carry debris away. Each of the design features 

### of the Johnson screen (i.e., simple passive design, low intake velocity, vee-wire construction, smooth surfaces, and in situ cleaning) are rneant to reduce entrainment and impingement of debris and aquatic life (UOP, fnc. 1981). The general placement and orientation

### of the coolingvater intake system is depicted in blueprint format in Appendix A, The detail of the Johnson cylindricalvee-wire screens is depicted in blueprint format in Appendix 

### B.

1-4..

Entrainment Entrainmentvas monitored from Hay 1985 through October 1985, md again during Harch and April 1986. 

### BA used an Automated Abundance Sampler (AUTOSAH) to collect entrained ichthyoplankton samples. During the entire program, 

### 15,287 ichthyoplankton were collected, 93.5 percent of which were bay anchovy.o p Striped bass vere the second most abundant taxon 

### (4.2 percent), followed by j?f2 cp~f 2, white perch 

### (0.9 percent) and Atlantic tomcod 

### (0.7 percen,t). Eggs were the 'ii) I)

## a most abundant life stage in entrainment samples, accounting for 67.3 percent 

### ~gi' i 

### f? of all organisms, and post yolk-sac larvae accounted for 31.2 percent of the

~ * t organisms entrained. Bay anchovy were the dominant taxon in the samples from mid-June through September 1985. Striped bass, although a distant second in abundance to bay anchovy, occurred in samples in late Way and early June. Host 

### of the vhite perch occurred in samples in late May. Atlantic tomcod were the dominant taxon during Harch and April 1986. The total length of entrained ichthyoplankton ranged from 

### 2 to 

### 25 mu, although the modal length was 7 mm for bay anchovy, striped bass, 

### and Atlantic tomcod, and 4mm for white perch. These characteristicsof entrainment abundance at Westchester RESCO 

### (55 MGD cooling-water system) vere compared to the same characteristics of entrainment abundance at the Indian Point Generating Station (2400

### HGD cooling-water system) in a similar timeframe, for purposes of providing a reasonable interpretive perspective. Species composition at the two power plants vas very similar, although a greater number 

### of specieswere collected at Indian Point, as would be expected of a more continuous sampling program. Collections at both plants were dominated by bay anchovy, vith striped bass, vhite perch, and Atlantic tomcod ranking second, third, and fourth, respectively. Life stage compositionwas similar. Seasonal patterns of occurrence and density levels

### of bay anchovy and striped 

### bass indicated generally close agreement. Temporal occurrenceand density of vhite perch were nearly identical at both plants in Way, 

### Kut a second peak in abundance at Indian Point in Junevas not observed at Vestchester RESCO. Distinct differences in entrainment patterns of Atlantic tomcod were observed. During the Hay-August 1985period, for vhich Indian Point data are available for kornparison, densities vere highest 

### in Hay and declined to near zero in June, vhile only twoAtlantic tomcod larvae were observed at Westchester RESCO. Nos% of the tomcod in WestChester RESCO samples occurred in Harch and April 1986, when larvae from winter spawning seasons vere in the area. Life stage composition 

### and length frequenciesat the two plants vere similar for striped bass, vhereas Vestchester

### RESCO did not entrain juvenileAtlantic tomcod that were observed frequently in Indian Point entrainment mmples.

2-1Impingement 

### EA divers, using SCUBA and a custom-designed vacuum apparatus, collected samples of fish that vere impinged on the cooling-water intake rcrcens. A total of 175 organismsvere collected on 

### 37 impingementdates from Hay 1985 through April 1986. Similar to entrainment collections, bay rnchovy vas the dominant taxon, comprising 70.3 percent of all organisms colltctcd. Atlantic tomcod vere second in abundance 

### (25.7 percent), folloved by striped bass (1.1 percent), and vhitc perch 

### (0.6 percent). Eggs vere the life stagemost commonly impinged, accounting for 61.1 percent 

### of all organisms

## ,vhile larvae ' accounted for 

### 33.7 percent of the organisms collected. Comparisons 

### of Vestchester RESCO impingementdata to impingement data at Indian Point is relatively pointless. Only juveniles and older fish are observed-in impingement collections at Indian Point, while only three juvenile or 

### &r? fish vere observed at Vestchester RESCO.

2-23. 

### HATERIALS AND 

### HETHODS
3.1 FIELD SAnPLING 3.1.1 Entrainment Entrainment sampling began in Hay 1985 and continued until 

### 22 October 1985. Sampling was discontinued over the vinter, according to a stipulation in the scope of 

### work to which 

### NYSDEC agreed, and vas completed during the months of March and April 1986 (Table 3-1). 

### EA used 

### an Automated Abundance Sampler (AUTOSAW) to collect entrained ichthyoplankton samples. This system has been used extensively by 

### EA on the Hudson River and has demonstrated its reliability as an automated sampler with minimal maintenance labor required. Six samples vere collected on each dat5 specified, and each sample was of 4-hour duration and of approximately 220 m volume (approximately 1 percent of flow). The primary system components of AUTOSAH consisted 

### of a control and data readout panel, a 3-in. diameter electric pump, 

### an inline flowmeter, a 500-urn mesh collection net suspended in a barrel, and a sample codend carousel (Figure 

### 3-1) The sample was pumped from the inflow of the vet well at rates 

### of approximately 1,000 liters per minute. The exact sampling rate varied vith the flow rate through the unit and tide height. The effective samplingvelocity at the inlet 

### of the 4-in. sampling pipe vas approximately 6.8 ftlsec.

2 - . - The pumping rate was measured vith an inline Signet magnetic flowmeter. A continuous electric signal generated by the flowmeter was translated and recorded in the sampler's control circuitrj. The accumulated record of sample volume was stored in the memory along with the actual pumping time for each sample. The AUTOSAH collection net had a submerged filtration area 

### of 10.4 square feet, which, because 

### of its cylindrical rather than conical shape, provided the maximum volume per net diameter in order to protect collected organisms from net abrasion and extrusion. Samples vere concentrated and preserved vith 10 percent formalin in labeled codends (sample collection containers) on 

### an 8-position rotating carousel. AUTOSAH vas programmed for a 

### 1-hour-rollection/washdowncycle; that 

### is, sample 

### flow was pumped through the collecdon chamber for 58 minutes followed by a 2-minute washdown cycle and preservation of the collection in a codend. 

### (Two minutes is the shortest duration which can provide efficient vashdovn 

### of the collection chamber.) 

### EA has determined that one hour 

### is the optimal collection duration 

### with this system, minimizing organism damage due 

### to abrasionor decomposition while maximizing the collection times. Codends vere positioned on a carousel and the systemvas programmed to composite four sequential 1-hour collection periods into each codend as a sample prior to automatic rotation of the carousel. AUTOSAW vas serviced at the beginning and end of each 24-hour sample date. Samplesvere transferred to labeled jars and preserved vith 10 percent formalin. A sample inventory form was completed prior to shipment of samples to the laboratory for analysis. 3-1TABLE 3-1 DATES SAMPLED FOR ENTRAINMENT AND 

### IHPINGEMENT AT WESTCHESTER RESCO, HAY 1985

# - APRXL 1986
1985 Entrainment Impingement 1986 Entrainment Impingement 08 

### MAY X 11 

### JAN X 09 X 18 

### X 14 X 

### 06 

### MAR X 15 X 07 X 21 

### X 15 Xt X 23 X 20 X 28 

### X 26 X 29 X 27 

### X 04 JIM 

### X 30 

### X 05 X 

### 03 APR 10 

### x 08 

## x 11 

### X 11 17 

### X X 14 X 25 X 19 26 X 20 X 02 JUL 

### X 26 

### X 09 X 29 X 16 X 25 X 30 

### X 05 AUG 

### X -X 13 

### 'X 

### x 20 X 27 X 03 SEP X 10 

### X 17 X 24 

## x 09 OCT X 10 

## . x 14 X 21 

### 'X 

### X 07 

### NOV X 28 X 07 

### DEC 

## x ; 31 

### x j 

# .

iM E .rl rl P 

## B m 0) U E m =o E 3 P m

hSample identification information (serial number, site, date, time, station, gear code), sample duration, and sample volume vere recorded for each 4-hour sample on a standard entrainment abundance data form. Water chemistry (temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity) vas recorded at the beginning and at the end of each 24-hour sampling period. In addition, daily plant flov rates vere obtained from the plant operating logs. 3.1.2 Impingement fl As previously discussed, the cooling vater intake system is located approximately 800 ft from the facility shoreline at a depth of 22 

### ft. The 3ohnson Company cylindrical screens are positioned in four pairs on T-stands, 

### as depicted in Appendix A. There 

### is little clearance betveen the screen cylinders and the intake piping in places, and there is practically no visibility in and around the intake system at the bottom 

### of the Hudson River. The facility uses an air pulse backwash to clean detritus from the eight individual screens as often as necessary to prevent any significant head loss through the intake pipes to the river water circulationpumps. This air backwash (cleaning) takes place once every severalhours when the detrital load in the river is light, and as often as once every one-half hour vhen the detrital load in the river is heavy. Furthermore, certainveather conditions, erg., heavy rains, higher than normal tidal fluctuations,and extreme cold, result in dangerous working (i.e., boating, SCUBA diving) conditions on the Hudson River. In order to collect a representative sample of the fish that were impinged on the intake screens, the sampling program vas designed vith 

### a certain amount 

### of flexibility to account for varying environmental and operating conditions. Impingement samples vere collected by SCUBA divers using a custom-designed vacuum apparatus, 

### as no other collectionmethod could ensure that an intake screen was completely cleaned. It vas stipulated in the scope of work that EA, Westchester RESCO, and 

### NYSDEC vould keep one another informed of any and all environmental or operating conditions that vould interferewith regularly scheduled attempts to collect samples of detritus and fish from the intake screens. L Impingement sampling began in May 1985 and continued on a regular basis through April 

### 1986, except for the mid-vinter period 

### of late January 

### and February, vhen ice conditions did not allov sampling (Table 3-1). A custom-designed vacuum apparatus ionsisting of a curved cleaning head (Figure 3-2), a flexible hose, and a boat-younted pump vere used .bydivers to collect all impinged material from intake screens. As this material vas vacuumed up to the boat, which was anchored just above the screen modules, it was filtered through a cylindrical ichthyoplanktonnet of 500-um mesh in a barrel (Figure 3-3); this system was similar to that used in the AUTOSIUI for entrainment sampling. Detritus, fish, and ichthyoplanktonwere vashed 

### from the collection netlbarrel into a labeled sample container. Samples vere preserved in 10percent formalin and Rose Bengal dye and transported to the laboratory for further processing. Each screenmodule had its entire surface area cleaned once during a sampling period, and the total collection from each screen vas held and processed separate from that of every other screen, so that distinct data sets vere compiled. All eight screens vere sampled each veek during the first month 3-4. - Figure 3-2. Vrcum head cleaner for Johnson screen water intake system.

## t m 

# E ' 3 

## e

rp c c rc E 0 + U w 0,
I t P 0, c 

## '1' B h



## ..‘ofthe project, and this effort vas reduced to four screens thereafter. The particular screens and the order in which they vere sampledwere selected each week by stratified (only one screen per pair), random (computer generated random sequence) design to account for variation in rates of detrital accumulation on individual screens. Standardized field data sheetswere completed during each sampling period to record time of initiation and completion of each screen, duration 

### of sample collection, water temperature,dissolved oxygen, salinity, and all pertinent observations of weather and river conditions, and plant operations. The divers tested the efficiency of the vacuum apparatus before the impingement sampling program began by vacuuming brightly colored plastic beads (which are routinely used in entrainment studies to simulate striped bass eggs) from the screens. Under routine field sampling conditions,divers took three vials of beads down to the intake screens and opened each one up in front of a screen. 

### A total of 

### 300 beads vere released and 

### 276 were collected by the vacuum apparatus. Some of the beads were not impinged on the screen surface at all, and simply floated avay in the river current. The divers were able to see the surface 

### of the screen vel1 enough during the test (and often later in the program) to observe Gammarus svimming from one location on the screen to another without beingintothe system, and it was apparent that the beads would not stay in the same location or even on the screen surface for very long. Divers were also able to see the colored beads that did stay on the surface of the screen (for a time) being picked up by the vacuum as they were encountered. The test indicated that the vacuum apparatusvould overcome the suction of the cooling-vater intake system, and remove objects from the surface of the screens. The vacuum apparatus and test resultswere described to 

### NYSDEC in Hay 1985 and the impingement sampling routine was established. 

### 3.2 LABORATORY 

### PROCEDURES Entrainment and impingement samplesvere sorted by fully trained personnel using 

### a magnifying illuminatorand all ichthyoplanktonwere removed. Ichthyoplankton identification was accomplished through a rigorous training program, reference to pertinent literature and type specimens,and examination by highly experienced personnel. Identificationvas made to the lowest practical taxon by life stage. A subsample of 

### 25 randomly selected individuals were selected for each life stage and taxa. Each selected organismvas carefully measured to the nearest 

### 0.1 

### am using a calibrated occularmicrometer. 

### If less than 

### 25 organisms were presjht for 

### a particular taxon 

### and life stage, all were measured. Ouality control 

### (QC) on sorting 

### and identificationwas designed to guarantee 

### an average gutgoing quality limit (AOOL) 

### of 90 percent. Separate 

### QC was implemented for sorting and identification. The QC plan used 

### for all sorting and identification of ichthyoplanktonwas the Continuous Sampling Plan 

### (CSP-1). This involved the complete reprocessingof the first 

### 10 completed samples. Subsequently,one out of every 

### 10 completed samplesvas selected and reprocessed. If any reprocessed sample vas found 

### to exceed the 10 percent error rate, a minimum of 10 additional samples vere reprocessed until 10 consecutive samples were below the 

### 10percent error rate. All 

### OC checks were performed by trained personnel and supervised by the laboratory manager

3-7* 3.3 DATA ANALYSIS

* Daily average densities (number per 1,000m3) used to describe stasonal abundance patterns vere calculated for each life stage of selected taxa: bay anchovy, striped bass, vhite perch, and Atlantic tomcod. These daily average densities were determined by dividing the total number of each taxonllife stage category collected by the total volume of water sampled for each sampledate (noon on the starting date to noon on the followingdate):



# - t 

# -%x 1,000 j vhere



# - = daily average density for taxonllife stage i 

# - sample count for taxon/life stage i in samplej 'ij = volume for sample j. Estimated length frequencies for each taxon were calculated by weighing the length frequency of measured fish for each collection by the number of fish collected, then summing the estimated frequenciesacross all collections. This procedure produces an unbiased estimate of the length frequency of all the fish entrained for each taxon. Impinggmgnt data were also summarized on a daily average density basis (number per 10 m ). For impingement, the sample volumes (v ) vere defined to be the estimated volumes drawn through the sampled screen kom the time of the last previous screen backwash to the time of sample collection. Total plant flows for the collection periods, supplied by Uestchester RESCO, were used to produce the estimated sample volumes by the equation:

vhere L


# - volume dram through screen j &j I: total volume drawn through the coo ing system from time of last previous backvash until corp'pletionof sampling. d

# - elapsed time from last pretious backvash until completion

### of sampling dJ = elapsed time from the prtyious backwash until sample j.

3-8

### 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4 1 

### CHARACTERISTICSOF 

### ENTRAINED ICETHYOPLANRTON 

### 4.1.1 Species and Life Stage Composition Entrainment vas monitored from Hay 

### 1985 through October 

### 1985 and again during March and April 

### 1986. The summer entrainment period lasting from aid-Hay through September, contained the highest degsities of ichthyoplankton,vith peak daily average densities of 

### 5,198 per 

### m in mid-July.* Peak denfjityduring the spring entrainment period in krchand April vas 98 per 

### 1,000

### m (Figure 

### 4-1A) During the Entrainment Honitoring Program,

### ~15,287ichthyoplankton vere collected. Bay anchovy vas by far the dominant taxon, comprising 

### 93.5 percent of the total. Striped bass vere the second most abundant taxon 

### (4.2 percent), folloved by white perch 

### (0.9 percent), Atlantic tomcod 

### (0.7 percent), and all other taxa the remaining 

### 0.7 percent (Figure 

### 4-18), A complete list of all taxa collected is given in Appendix C. Eggs vere the most common life stage in entrainment samples, accounting for 67.3 percent of all organisms (Figure 

### 4-1C). Post yolk-sac larvaevere second in abundance 

### (31.2 percent), folloved by yolk-sac larvae 

### (1.3 percent), and juveniles 

### (0.1 percent). A fev organisms (0.2 percent) could not be classified to life stage. 

### 4.1.2 Seasonal Distribution and Length Frequency 

### of Key 

### Taxa 4.1.2.1 Bay Anchovy Bay anchovy accounted for 

### 93.5 percent of all organisms collected and vere the dominant taxon in the samples from mid-June through Septgmber. 

### Tvo peaks in abundance occurreg during the summer: 

### 5,171 per 

### 1,000 

### m in mid-July, and 

### 2,601 per 

### 1,000 

### m in late August (Figure 

### 4-2A). Eggs vere the most abundant life stage throughout the entire period of occurrence, consistent vith the prolonged spawning season for bay anchovy. Overall, eggs vere 

### 71.6 percent 

### of all bay anchovy col5ectcd (Figure 

### 4-2B). Yolk-sac larvae vere collected vith relative infrequency 

### and comprised only 

### 0.7 percent of the total. Post yolk-sac larvae accounted for the remaining 

### 27.S percent 

### of the total 

### and, similar to eggs, vere present throughout the period 

### of bay anchovy abundance.

4 Entrained bay anchovy larvae ranged' from 

### 2 to 25 total length vith a mode of 

### 7 mm (Figure 

### 4-2C). Larvae largerithan 

### 15 mvere relatively infrequent in the samples. 

### 4.1.2.2 Striped Bass Striped bass, although second in abundance to bay anchovy, accounted for only 

### 641 organisms 

### (4.2 percent 

### of the total). Striped bass vere most common in late Hay and early June (Figure 

### 4-3A) 

### with a peak density 

### of 329 per 

### 1,000 m



### 4-1Figure 4-1. Seasonal occurrence (A), species composition (B) 

### ,and life stage composition (C) for ichthyoplankton entrained at Wesrchester RESCO, May 1985

# - April 1986.TABLE 4-1 SPECIES COHPOSITION OF PUXP ENTRAINXENT SAMPLES AT VESTCEESTER RESCO, HAY 1985

# - APRIL 1986, AND INDIAN POINT GENERATING STATION, 1 

### HAY

# - 11 AUGUST 1985

Taxon Vestchester RESCO Indian 

### Point“) Bay anchovy Striped bass White perch Atlantic tomcod Horone sp.
Unidentified
Other
Number of taxa
(a) NAI i986a.

. .

.. 93 5% 88.3%

’ 4.2% 3.3% 0.9% 1.9% 0.7% 1.7%

. (0.1% 

### 0.9%

0.1% 2.5%
0.3% 1.4%

17 36

_. .

..

cTABLE 4-2 LIFE STAGE COMPOSITION OF PUHP 

### BNTRAINHENT SAMPLES AT VESTCHESTER RESCO, HAY 1985

# - APRIL 1986, AND INDIAN POINT GENERATING STATION, 1 

### HAY

# - 11 AUGUST 1985
Life Stage UestchesterRESCO 

### Indian Point(') Egg 67.3% 41 6%

.. Yolk-sac larvae 1.3% 

### 0.1% Post yolk-sac larvae 31.2% 

### ' 

### 52.7% Juvenile 

## <o.1% 

### 2.4% Unidentified 

### 0.2% 3.2%
(a) NAI 1986a.

-

## .. .... . . I.

c

iPost yolk-sac larvae accounted for 98 percent of all striped bass collected vith 4-3B) yolk-sac larvae contributing 1.4 percent and eggs 0.6 percent (Figure
Entrained striped bass ranged from 4 to 13 am total length with amodal length 

### of 

### 7 mm (Figure4-3C) 4.1.2.3 Vhite Perch Vhite perch vere the third most abundant taxon and accounted for 132 organisms. Although they occurred in samples from Xay through September, most vhite perch were collected on only two sampligg dates (Figure 4-4A). Daily average density ranged from 

### 34 and 67per 1,000

### m on 21 and 

### 28 May, respectively, to 

### 3 or less on all other dates they vere collected. Only two life stages vere collected: post yolk-sac larvae 

### (97.7 percent), and yolk-sac larvae (2.3 percent) (Figure 4-4B). Entrained white perch ranged from 

### 3 

### to 12mm total length with a mode 

### of 4 mm (Figure 4-4C). Approximately 95 percent vere less than 

### 7 mu. 4.1.2.4 Atlantic Tomcod Atlantic tomcod, vhich contributed 113 organisms, were present on the first sample date in Hay, and all dates in March and April, vgen they vere the dominant taxon (Figure 4-SA). Peak density (98 per 1,000 

### m ) occurred on the first sampling date in Xarch. Yolk-sac larvaewere the dominant life stage and comprised 69 percent of all tomcod collected (Figure 4-5B). Post yolk-sac larvae contributed 12.4 percent, and 18.6 percent could not be identified to life stage. The gut region of larval tomcod is easily damaged during the collection process. Since the yolk-sac, if it is still present, is in the gut region, a relatively high proportion 

### of individuals cannot be classified to yolk-sac or post yolk-sac larvae. The unclassified individuals, however, occurred primarily in early Xarch, prior to any definite post-yolk sac larvae, 

### and it 

### is therefore likely that they vere yolk-sac larvae. Total length of-entrained Atlantic tomcod ranged from 

### 6 to 

### 20 mm vith a mode of 

### 7mm (Figure 4-5C). 4.2 

### COMPARISON TO CWCTERISTICS

### OF ENTRAINMENT

### AT INDIAN 

### POINT GENERATINGSTATION The Indian Point Generating Statio" is a nuclear power plant located approximately 1 

### km downriver from Vestchyter 

### RESCO, also on the east bank of the Eudson River. Indian Point comprises two operating units; Unit 

### 2, owned and operated by Consolidated Edison Company 

### of New Pork, Inc,, and Unit 

### 3, owned and operated by New York Power Authority. The cooling systems for the Indian Point station use Hudson River vater on a once-through 

### basis. The intakes are located at the shorelineand extend from the vater surface to the bottom, a depth 

### of approximately 

### 9m. Traveling screens at 11 

### of the 12 circulating vater intakeshave 0.95-cm squaremesh and the remaining Ristroph-type screen has 0.63- x 1.25-cm3mesh. The 12 circulatingvater pumps art each capable of pumping up to 530 m /min (140,000 gpm) vhich produce 

### an average Intake velocity of approximately 0.26 dsec (0.84 fps).
4-5-- 

# 8

lYlMCLC MTC



### a. LIFE STAGE COMPOSITION

*¶

# - I 7t.m~~ !

C. ESTlMATED LENGTH FREQUENCY

IOTU LtNOTn Cmm>
Figure 4-2. Seasonal occurrence (A), life stage co~pps&.t,&on_ (B)

### ,and estimated length frequency (C) fo,r.6ayanchovy-)entrained 

# ---_ "<.._+l 

### __.. at Westchester RESCO, May 1985

# - April 1886.f3. LIFE STAGE COIVIPOSITION

700

BOO no0

400
000
aoo
1 00

0

Figure 4-3. Seasonal occurrence (A), life stage composition (B), and estimated length frequency (C) for striped bass entrained at Westchester RESCO, May 1985

# - April 1986.Entrainment abundance studies have been conducted at the Indian Point

I~ Generating Station since the early 1970s; thus, a large database 

### is available 

### for description of the regional ichthyofauna that could be expected to appear in Vestchester 

### RESCO entrainment samples. Although the studieshave demonstrated certain consistent patterns in entrainment across years, species composition, timing of occurrence, and level 

### of abundance can change appreciably with large scale environmental factors such 

### as vater temperature and freshwater flow 

### (EA 1985). Por this reason, data from Vestchester

### RESCO entrainment vere compared only to the 1985 data collcctcd,atIndian Point from 1 Hay through 11August (NAI 1986a); thus, differences 

### in entrainment data between the two plants 

### can be more directly related to the differences in the intake structures (location, mesh, and velocity) withollt being confounded by annual variations. Three characteristics of selected entrained taxa were selected 

### for comparison. These are temporal abundance pattern, life stage composition,and length frequency. 4.2.1 Species and Life Stage Composition Species composition at the tvo power plants vas very similar (Table 4-1) although a greater number of speciesvere collected at Indian Point. The continuous sampling program at Indian Point vould be expected to capture more infrequently occurring taxa than the weekly sampling at VestchesterRESCO. Collections at both plants vere dominated by bay anchovy, 

### with striped 

### bass, white perch, and Atlantic tomcod ranking second, third, and fourth. On 

### a life stage basis, entrainment samples from Westchester RESCO were dominated by eggs (67.3 percent) and post yolk-sac larvae (31.2 percent) (Table 4-2). Indian Point samples, in contrast,vere composed of primarily post yolk-sac larvae (52.7 percent) and eggs (41.6 percent). These differences in life stage composition are explained when comparisonsacross plants are made on a species basis. 4.2.2 Seasonal Distribution and Length Frequency 

### of Key Taxa 4.2.2.1 Ba? Anchovy Seasonal patterns of occurrence and density levels 

### of bay anchovy in Westchester 

### RESCO snd Indian Point e,ptrainmentsamples indicated generally close agreement between the two sam ling programs (Figure 

### 4-6A). Daily averagg densities were similar except for 

### 1

# tJuly, vhen a density 

### of 5,198 per 1,000 m occurred atjPestchester RESCO compdred to a density at Indian Point of 2,116 per 

### 1,000m (NAI 1986a), and during 30 July and 5 August when Vestchester 

### RESCO densities were lower than Indian Point densities. On the two later dates, samples were composed almost entirely 

### of post yolk-sac larvae; 

### no eggs vere collected at Indian Point and very few 

### at Vestchester RESCO. The life stage compositionsat the 'twoplants reflects the differences observed in the density data. Indian Point had a higher contribution from post yolk-sac larvae and a lover contribution from eggs (Pigure 4-6B). Mether thesedifferences are the result 

### of real differences Invulnerability to tntrainment at the tvo plants or arise from differences in the intensityand schedulingof sampling cannot be determined at present. 4-8LIFE STAGE COMPOSITION

- -
. .. __. .- -.-. ..-

~ ..- _. . .. --
. . -' '7 __

.: $0 0

Figure C. ESTIMATED LENGTH FREQUENCY

0 /

4-4. Seasonal occurrence (A), life stage composition (B)

### , and estimated length frequency (C) for white perch entrained at Westchesrer RESCO, May 1985

# - April 1986.1 00 no DO 70 a0
-0 40 SO 10 io

0

C. ESTIMATED LENGTH FREQUENCY

mo

# ­
mo

# -

# ­

70

# - f i a0

# - i DO- 

### ' i 

# I @ 40

# - I I

00

# - i

10

# ­
10

# ­

0'. , , , , , , 

# ,I 

# I

o 3 I o 4 7 30 ii isis 14 9. 10 97 1. ia-8% 8s asad *a 1lr0

Figure 4-5. Seasonal occurrence (A), life stage composition (B)

### ,and estimated length frequency (C) for Atlantic tomcod entrained at Westchester RESCO, May 1985

# - April 1986.J INDUN COIHT I I 4 

# i !/’

3. LIFE STAGE COMPARISOP4 DOR

70% *om

BOR
*OR
SOI loll

1OR

01

L

Figure 4-6. Comparison of daily average densities (A) and life stage composition (B) of bay anchovy entrained at Westchester RESCO and Indian Point Generating Station, May

# - August 1985. 

# I'* Length composition of entrained bay anchovy vere not compared due to potential bias from differences in degree of subsampling for this taxon in the two sampling programs. 4.2.2.2 Striped Bass Temporal pattern and densities 

### of striped bass also agreed vel1 between the two pover rtations. Densities vere gentrally similar vith the3cxception

### of 28 May when Vestchester ltESCOjdensity was higher 

### (329 per 

### 1,000ia ) than at Indian Point (190 per 1,OOO m ). This difference, however, could be due to the lack of exact temporal overlap in sampling effort. Vestchester

### RESCO samples cover the period from noon on the sample date to noon the folloving day vhile Indian Point samples cover all 24 hours on one calendar date) and the rapid changes in density that vere occurring at the time (Figure 4-7A). Life stage compositionat the two plants was nearly identical vith post yolk-sac larvae being dominant (Figure 4-7B). Length frequencydistributionswere also similar, hovever, VestchesterRESCO samples had more larvae in the 6- to 8-m range vhile 10-14 am larvaewere relativelymore common at Indian Point (Figure 4-7C). 4.2.2.3 Vhite Perch Temporal occurrence and density of white perch were nearly identicalat both plants in Hay, but a second peak in abundanceat Indian Point in June was not observed at VestChester RESCO (Figure 4-8A). After mid-June, densities of white perch were very lov at both plants. Life stage composition was also similar in that post-yolk-sac larvaewere dominant at both power plants, however, a small contribution vas observed for eggs at Indian Point and for yolk-sac larvae at Vestchester

### RESCO (Figure 4-8B) 0 Length frequencies at the two plants vere distinctly different for vhite perch (Figure 4-8C). Larvae from 3 to 

### 6 pull dominated the Vestchester

### RESCO entrainment samples, but at Indian Point the length distribution vas distinctly bimodal. The larger vhite perch larvae in the Indian Point samples occurred primarily during the June peak in abundance 

### (NU 1986a) that was not seen at Vestchestcr RESCO.

4 4.2.2.4 Atlantic tomcod Atlantic tomcod exhibited the most distinct differences in entrainment patterns betveen the tvo stations. During the Hay

# - August period vhen Indian Paint data are available for comparison, post yolk-sac larvae and primarlly juvenile tomcod were entrained at Indian Point 

### (NAI 1986a). 

### Densities vare highest in early Xay and declined to near zero by June (Figure 4-9A). During the Hay


# - August period, only tvo Atlantic tomcod (both post yolk-sac larvae) vere observed in Vestchester RESCO entrainment samples. Host tomcod in Yestchester RESCO samples occurred in March and April (Figure 4-SA) vhul larvae from the winter spawning season were in the area.

4-12

### ----- 1
. A. SEASONAL DEb Sl-rf COh PAR1S0N

1.0 -( x yI.cITowcmwtncmco so0 1



# - SBO

4 

# - A I ? INDIAN COlNT moo /\ v 1.0 

# ­ io0 7

10

# ­

e. LIFE STACE COMPARISON

OOII

# - 

# I -0ox ---.-- --I- 

### - 

## --.-



# - *ox



# - -0%



# - fox

10%

# ­ 

# 1 a%.- SO%

# -
son

# ­
10%

# ­ 

# - lNDUN CO;M

OI 

### '
, e001 T.L ML JW UNID Ur'L WAOL

C. LENGTH FREQUENCY COtvlPARtSON

c oo

# -

am

# - 

# I

10

# ­

1. 

# ­

10

# ­

8 ­
0-41_ G

# ­

0 1s 14 1D 10 I7IB

Figure 4-7. Comparison of daily average densities (A), life stage composition (B), and estimated length frequency (C) of striped bass entrained at Westchester RESCO and Indian Point Generating Station, May

# - August 1985.A. SEASONAL DENSITY COMPARISON eo0

## ------ --_I_­ 5.0 

# ­ 100

# - 

# -1

370 INDIAN POINT 1.0 

# - I
S40* *so -*

# - /" 

### i 9-0 

# a !! 1001
00

# - ! 707' I 00

# - t '$ I

OMAI14UYalMAYIOMAY 4JUN 11JUNfJUH ¶UUN UUL OJUL lWUL PIWUWOJUL-0 WPU aAm

-*on

# - -__..---_- ... **OR

## ­ too1

# ­

mest

# - -OR 

# ­ 7Ol

# ­ oon

# ­
mou

# ­ 4oR

# - son

# - INDIAN COlffT a

Figure 4-9. Comparison of daily average densities (A), life stage composition (B), and estimated length frequency (C) of Atlantic tomcod entrained at Westchester RESCO and Indian Point Generating Station, May

# - August 1985.. .

-, , .

Life stage compositionvas nearly entirely juveniles at Indian Point and entirely larvae at Uestchester

### RESCO (Figure 4-9B). Length compositions also reflected the differences in observed life stage entrainment with much larger fish observed at Indian Point. 

### It must be noted that the real difference in tntraiment 

### of Atlantic tomcod 

### occurs during the summer months vhen juvenile fish are entrained at Indian Point but not at Vestchcster RESCO (Figure 4-9C). Data to compare tomcod entrainment during March 

### and April are not presently available. L 4.3 

### CHARACTERISTICS

### OF IMPINGEDFISH 4.3.1 Species and Life Stage Composition ' A total of 175 organisms vere collected on 37 impingement collectiondates from Hay 1985 throughApril 1986. The temporal pattern 

### of occurrence indicgted extremely patchy distributionwith densitieg in excess 

### of 100 per 

### 10 m on only five occasions. Peak density (1,184 per 10m ) occurred in Harch (Figure 4-10A) but three separatehigh density collections occurred during the 

### summer Similar to entrainment collections, bay anchovy was the dominant taxon comprising 70.3 percent of all organisms collected (Figure 4-1OB). Atlantic tomcod were second in abundance (25.7 percent), followed by striped bass (1.1 percent), vhite perch (0.6 percent), and others (2.2 percent). Eggs (bay anchovy) were the life stage most commonly impinged, accounting for 61.1 percent of all organisms (Figure 4-1OC). Post yolk-sac larvae, also primarily bay anchovy, vere second most abundant (14.3 percent), followed by yolk-sac larvae (3.4 percent), and juveniles (1.7 percent). Organisms that could not be identified to life stage accounted 

### for 19.4 percent 

### of the total. These were entirely Atlantic tomcod larvae that could not be definitely classified as yolk-sac 

### or post yolk-sac. 4.3.2 Seasonal Distribution 

### of Key Taxa Temporal distruution of key species in impingement samples vas similar to the distribution 

### in entrainment samples, vhich is to be expected since the same life stages were captured in both programs. Bay anchovy, primarily eggs, vere observed during the summer months (Figure 4-llA). The dates 

### of relatively high anchovy egg abundance in impingement.samples 

### (2 July, 

### 25 July, and 13August) correspond to periods 

### of high entraeent densities, however, the impingement densities are approximately three orders of magnitude lower than entrainment densities. / Atlantic tomcod impingement abundance also correspond temporallyvith entrainment patterns, however, impingement densitieswere approximately tvo orders of magnitude lover than entrainment densities. Other taxa, includingvhite perch and stripe$ bass, vere observed primarily in Hay and early June at densities of 20 per 10 m 

### or less, also far below concurrent entrainment densities.

4-16

### ---



## --- .. r .. .

.. 

### .

I . .

1
.

.

*.a 1.9

t 0.. 0.8 0.7 0. 0.8 0.4 0.S 0.0 0.9

0 A- SfCASONAL OCCURRENCE

B. SPECIES COMPOSITION

C. LIFE STAGE COMPOSITION 980 990 9 00

mo .O 70 e0 80 40 SO 80 90

0
Figure 4-10. Seasonal occurrence (A), species composition (B), and life stage composition (C) of fish collected in impingement samples at Westchester RESCO, May 1985

# - April 1986.0.m 0.. 0.7 0.. 0.8
0.4 0.a
0.t
0.9

0 JUN JUL AVO *tC OCT NW DLC 4AN PCa MAR APR WPUC MTE

S. ATLANTIC TOMCOD 9.2 L-- ---, - . .- - DrJLY AVCRAOL DtNSllV _I__._

~---_

### -
... .

### ­ -.-.
.. 3.9 

# ­

9 ­ 0.. 

## ­ 0.. 

# ­ 0.7

# ­ 0..

# ­ 0.D

# ­
0.4

# ­ 0.5

## ­ 0.t 

# ­ o.*

# -

C. OTHERS
I.0 

# - MlLlAMMO. DLNWTV

... . 

### _-
,. .... . '-7 a4o

# ­ oao

# -

# -
IO0

# ­ 900

# ­ 9SO

# ­ 940

# - *so

## ­ 900

# ­

00

# ­ a0

# - i

40

# -

Figure 4-11. Density (number per 106 m3) of bay anchovy (A), Atlantic tomcod (B), and other fish (C) in impingement samples at Westchester RESCO, May 1985

# - April 1986.

### . 4*4 COMPARISON 

### TO CEARACTERISTICS OF IMPINGED FISH AT INDIAN POINT GENERATING STATION Comparisons 

### of Uestchester RESCO impingement data to impingement data at Indian Point Generating Station can be conducted, however, since only juveniles and older fish are observed in impingement collectionsat Indian Point, juvenile data from Vestchester RESCO must be used for the comparison. During the sampling program, only 

### 3 juvenile fish were observed at VestChester RESCO, 2 Atlantic tomcod in nay, and 

### 1 northern pipefish in August. Therefore, the average observed iepjngement rate 

### at Vestchester RESCO 

### fbr tiny 1985 vas 

### 6 fish (juveniles2 ger 10 m 

# . At Indian Point, the average ratewas apgrgximately 200 per 

### 10 m in nay 1985 and rose to approximately 1,400 per 10 

### m in December 

### 1985 (NAI 1986b). Further attempts to compare impingement at the two plants is pointless since impingement

### of juvenile and older fish was not observed at Vestchester RESCO.

c

4-19REFERENCES
Consolidated Edison Company of New Pork, Inc. (Con Edison). 

### 1977. Indian Point Unit No. 2, Indian Point Unit No. 3. Near Field Effects of Once-Through Cooling System Operation on Eudson River Biota. Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. and Power Authority 

### of the State 

### of New York. July. Con Edison. 1984. Eudson River Ecological Study in the Area of Indian Point. 1981Annual Report. Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc, and Power Authority of the State of New York. 

### EA Science and Technology, 

### A Division 

### of EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc. 1985. Indian Point Generating Station Entrainment Abundance and Outage Evaluation. 1984Annual Report. Prepared for Consolidated Edison Company 

### of New York, Inc. and Nev York Power Authority. Normandeau Associates, Inc. 

### (NAI). 1986a. Indian Point Generating Station Entrainment Abundance Program. 1985Annual Report. Prepared 

### for Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. and New York Power Authority. 

### NAI. 1986b. Hudson River Ecological Study in the Area of.Indian Point. 1985Annual Report. Prepared 

### for Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. and New York PoverAuthority. UOP, Inc. 1981. Johnson Surface Water Intake Screens. Johnson Division. St. Paul, Minnesota.

e

c r

### APPENDIX 

### B JOHNSON 

### CYLINDRICAL VEE-KRE SCREENS



# ., 

### ...APPENDIX 

### c SUHKARY OF TAXA AND NUMBERS COLL3CTEDINENTRAf"T AND IHPINGEHENT MONITORING 

### STUDIES 

### AT VESTCHESTER 

### RESCO, HAY 1985

# - APRIL 1986

r

c # iTABLE: C-1 

### SUHHARY OF 

### TAXA AND NWBERS COLLECTED 

### IN ENl'UINnEKT AND IHPINCEt!ENT MONITORING STUDIES AT 

### YESTCHESTER RESCO, MY 1985

# - APRIt 1986



# . Tsxon Bay 

### anchovy Striped bass Yhitt perch 

### Hotone sp. mic 

### tomcod Hogchoker Vcakf

### ish Northern pipefish Alosa sp. 

### Tesselated darter 

### Cottidae (sculpihs) B bo sis sip. (minnow) *des Summer flounder Sunfishes 

### American eel Rainbov smelt Number Collected Entrainment 

### Impingement 14,300 641 132 6 113

26 10

9 9 5 6 4 3

1 1 

# _- Unidentified 6 

### mutilated 

# - 18 

# - 2 

### Total 15,287 175

,\ \\\\

### \



# 1 L