p.1 

OAR Box 1147 

Prepped by Ollie Stewart 

Document Number: 

168) IV-E-41 

Docket Number: 

A-87-11 

Printed 4/22/2008 2:42:56 PM Sheet 168 of 242 
P.2 

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\ UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

fl-Bl-rtrt 

MAY 2 3 !93 

ANN ARBOR. MICHIGA N 48105 

OFFICE OF 

AIR AND RADIATION 

MEMORANDUM 

SUBJECT: Onboard Meeting With API 

FROM: John F. Anderson, Senior Project Manager 

Standards Development and Support Branch 

TO: Public Docket A-87-11 

In connection with our briefing to API on April 28, 1988 

about the EPA onboard hardware, API provided us with current 

information on two vehicle systems which it has undertaken to 

develop. Attached is a copy of the materials which API 

presented, including photographs of its hardware. 

Attachments 
P.3 
P.4 
P.5 
P.6 
ONBOARD CONTROL OF REFUELING EMISSIONS 

IMPROVED SAFE DESIGN 

PRODUCTS RESEARCH DIVISION 

EXXON RESEARCH & ENGINEERING COMPANY 

APRIL 28, 1988 

r>i 
APPROACH - DESIGN WITH SAFETY AS OBJECTIVE 

• START WITH PRODUCTION EVAPORATIVE CONTROL SYSTEM 

DECREASE TANK VENT TO ONBOARD CANISTER HOSE SIZE WITH 

SATISFACTORY CONTROL OF REFUELING EMISSIONS 

• LOCATE CANISTER IN SAFEST POSITION INSIDE FRAME 

• NO SEAL APPROACH 

• CONFIRM REGUUTED EMISSIONS AND CANISTER PURGE 
VEHICLE 

1987 BUICK LESABRE 

PFI 

3.8L 

18 GALLON TANK 

SIDE FILL 

1/2" TANK VENT SEPARATE 

Tl 

CO 
SAFETY ISSUES PARAMETER STUDY 

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 

- PRODUCTION 1987 BUICK LESABRE 

+ EVAPORATIVE CONTROL SYSTEM (ECS) INCLUDES: 

SEPARATE 1/2" FUEL TANK VENT 

0.057" ORIFICE BETWEEN TANK AND CANISTER 

0.078" ORIFICE BETWEEN CANISTER AND PORTED 

MANIFOLD PURGE 

- PARAMETERS VARIED 

+ VENT HOSE DIAMETER/LENGTH 

+ CANISTER SIZE/LOCATION 

+ CANISTER PURGE RATES 

- PARAMETERS NOT CHANGED 

+ ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULE 

- NO SEAL APPROACH 
P.11 

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STEP NO. 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

CANISTER 

ERE 3.5L 

ERE 3.5L 

ERE 3.5L 

ERE 3.5L 

ERE 3.5L 

ERE 3.5L 

VENT HOSE SIZE 

IN. ID 

3/8" 

1/2" 

3/8" 

3/8" 

5/16" 

1/4" 

RESULTS (CONTINUED) 

OTHER 

MOVED CANISTER 

TO TRUNK 

AVERAGE 

FUEL RATE 

GPM 

9 

10 

9.5 

9.6 

9.5 

9.3 

REFUELING EMISSIONS 

GRAMS/GAL 

BURP 

0.19 

0.06 

0.05 

0.04 

0.06 

% CONTROL 

961 

99% 

99% 

99% 

99% 

MOVED CANISTER 

INTO TANK 
PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF 

ENHANCED ONBOARD SYSTEM 

Standard 

Fillpipe 

With Vent 

Rerouted to 

Canister 

Purged 

HC Vapors 

To Engine 

Opening 

From Tank 

and 

Rollover 

Valve Enlarged 

Charcoal 

Canister 

HC Vapors 

2676-02 

Tl 
STEP NO. 

14 

15 

16 

17 

CANISTER 

5L TANK 

5L TANK 

5L TANK 

5L TANK 

VENT HOSE SIZE 

IN. ID 

5/16" 

5/16" 

5/16" 

5/16" 

RESULTS (CONTINUED) 

OTHER 

REMOVED VAPOR LIQUID 

SEPARATOR 

ADDED ROLLOVER VALVE 

AVERAGE 

FMEI RATE 

GPM 

9.5 

9.6 

9.4 

9.5 

REFUELING EMISSIONS 

GRAMS/GAL 

0.07 

0.08 

0.17 

0.10 

% CONTROL 

99% 

98% 

97% 

98% 

L XI 
REGULATED EMISSIONS 

BASE CAR 

GM CANISTER 

1/2" HOSE 

ERE 3.5L CANISTER 

5/8" HOSE 

ERE 3.5L CANISTER 

5/16" HOSE - CLOSE 

COUPLED - STOCK PURGE 

5L TANK/0.078" 

ORIFICE 

MOVED PURGE LOCATION 

CO 

G/M 

2.029 

2.107 

1.517 

1.814 

1.630 

1.454 

1.765 

1.495 

HC 

G/M 

0.271 

0.291 

0.234 

0.252 

0.259 

0.271 

0.295 

0.247 

NOX 

G/M 

0.270 

0.284 

0.319 

0.273 

0.271 

0.283 

0.290 

0.225 

DIURNAL 

G/T 

0.24 

0.42 

0.48 

0.10 

0.36 

0.94* 

0.20 

0.35 

H OT SOAK 

G/T 

0.27 

0.22 

0.19 

0.16 

0.17 

0.21 

0.16 

0.34 

TOTAL EVAP 

G/T 

0.51 

0.64 

0.67 

0.26 

0.53 

1.15 

0.36 

0.69 

* NEW PROPOSED PROCEDURE 
PURGE 

GM DESIGN 

- PORTED VACUUM WITH 0.078" ORIFICE 

- SOLENOID VALVE DUTY CYCLE MODULATED 

+ ABOVE 5 MPH 

+ COOLANT TEMP. >1780F 

+ 1 MINUTE LAG AFTER ENGINE ON 

+ THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR VOLTAGE >0.75 

- PURGE RATES 

50 MPH 1.2 LPM 

40 MPH 0.5 LPM 

35 MPH 0 

LA-4 1.9 LPM 

- 11-16 GRAMS PURGED IN 1 1/2 LA-4'S 
PURGE (CONTINUED) 

MODIFIED DESIGN 

- SAME SOLENOID VALVE 

- MOVED PURGE FROM PORTED POSITION TO PCV LINE MANIFOLD 

VACUUM 

PURGE RATES 

ORIFICE SIZE 

0.078" 

0.059" 

0.052" 

0.046" 

50 MPH 

13.4 

11.1 

8.4 

6.5 

LA-4 

4.2 

(3.5) 

2.6 

(2.0) 
PURGE FLOW RATES 

BUICK LESABRE 

SO MPH 

PURQE FLOW 

RATE, cfm 

0.06 o.oe 0.07 

ORIFICE SIZE. INCHE8 

— 50 MPH -+- LA-4 

o.oe 

TJ 

Jo 
CANISTER PURGE 

FTP EMISSIONS TESTS 

(0.078" ORIFICE) 

SATURATION OF CHARCOAL 

220 GRAMS IN 3 REFUELINGS 

6 GRAMS HC IN SHED 

U S T REFUELING 92% CONTROL 

CHARCOAL WEIGHT HISTORY 

STEP 

START 

LA-4 PRE CONDITIONING 

1 HOUR SOAK 

OVERNIGHT SOAK - 15 HOURS 

DIURNAL TEST 

TAILPIPE EMISSIONS 

HOT SOAK TEST 

GAIN/LOSS 

GRAMS 

0 

-38 

0 

+7 

+16 

-19 

TOTAL 

GRAMS 

0 

-38 

-38 

-31 

-15 

-34 

CO 
ABILITY TO 

ABSORB HC 

gram» 

BUICK PURGE DRIVEDOWN 

160 

140 

120 

100 

8 0 

60 

40 

20 

2 3 4 

SIMULATED DAY 

1 1 • 1 1 1 1 

\yr ; ! '; i i 

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/ \ t i i ; ; 

• / ! r T -i f t 

/ • : i i • i 

/ i ! I ' i J 

/ i i i i i i 

/ I i i i I i 

6 

1 8IMULATED DAY - 1 DIURNAL • 3 LA-4'8 WITH 1 HOUR HOT SOAK 
CO 

E 

o 

o 

tn 

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110 

100 

90 

80 

70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

AVERAGE CANISTER PERFORMANCE 

Dodge 

,yYYY^ 

#•1 1 • 

Daily Test Sequence is 3 LA-4 Cycles 

Spaced With 1 Hour Hot Soaks 

Followed By One Diurnal Test 

3 Day 1 ' Day 2 ' Day 3 ' Day 4 ' Day 5 ' Day 6 ' Day 7 ' Day 8 ' Day 9 ' 

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VEHICLE 

1988 FORD TAURUS 

MPFI 

3.0L 

16 GALLON TANK 

SIDE FILL 

1/2" TANK VENT SEPARATE 
TAURUS REGULATED EMISSIONS 

CO 

G/M 

1.410 

1.434 

1.254 

1.405 

HC 

G/M 

0.174 

0.180 

0.194 

0.183 

NOx 

G/M 

0.457 

0.346 

0.372 

0.374 

CO? 

G/M 

410.6 

409.0 

408.7 

413.2 

DIURNAL 

G/T 

HOT SOAK 

G/T 

BASE VEHICLE 

0.07 

0.07 

0.13 

0.14 

0.12 

0.10 

0.12 

0.12 

TOTAL 

G/T 

0.19 

0.17 

0.25 

0.26 

COMMENTS 

• 

DRY PROCEDURE 

SAT'N PROCEDURE 
TAURUS REFUELING DATA 

G/GAL 

5.02 

5.12 

4.72 

GPM 

BASE VEHICLE 

9.7 

9.5 

% CONTROL 

- -

AVG. 4.95 
TAURUS PURGE DATA 

DIURNAL NO. 1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

STARTING WEIGHT 

PRECONDITIONING LA-4 

OVERNIGHT SOAK 

DIURNAL TEST 

TAILPIPE EMISSIONS 

HOT SOAK TEST 

BASE VEHICLE 

RELATIVE ECS CANISTER WEIGHT 

GRAMS 

+2 

0 

+1 

+21 

+1 

+3 

+5 

0 

+2 

+22 

0 

+2 

19 

39 

59 

74 

79 

79 

34 

36 

54 

20 

21 

43 

59 

76 

81 

81 

38 

41 

58 

23 

24 
CONCLUSIONS 

• 1/2" HOSE FROM THE TANK TO ONBOARD CANISTER IS SUFFICIENT IF 

THE ONBOARD CANISTER IS LOCATED IN THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT 

• 1/4" HOSE FROM THE TANK TO ONBOARD CANISTER IS SUFFICIENT IF 

THE ONBOARD CANISTER IS LOCATED IN THE TRUNK 

NOTE: THE PRODUCTION TANK VENT IS 1/2" 

FUTURE WORK 

BUICK LESABRE 

• DETERMINE REGUUTED EMISSIONS WITH CANISTER IN THE TANK 

• DETERMINE CANISTER PURGE CHARACTERISTICS 

FORD TAURUS 

• BASE LINE VEHICLE 

• MODIFY VEHICLE 

- CANISTER IN FRAME MEMBER