APPENDICES

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Appendices

Appendix I Methods, Instrumentation, Classification

Table I.i. Towed Optical Assessment Device (TOAD) benthic habitat validation 

categories.

Zones Classes Zones Classes

Depressions Narrow Depression Crests Depression on Crest

Broad Depression with Open 

Bottom Narrow Crest

Local Crest in Depression Flats Local Depression on Flat

System Basalt Island Broad Flat

Sea Stack Shelf

Carbonate Island Local Crest on Flat

Closed Atoll Slopes Lateral Midslope 

Depression

Open Atoll Open Slope

Submerged Bank/Reef Lateral Midslope Crest

Continental Reef Steep Slope

Zone Intertidal Coral (Growth) 

Morphology Massive

Lagoon Plate-like

Reef Flat Encrusting

Back Reef Branching

Reef Crest Columnar

Fore Reef Free-living

Shelf Holes no cavities

Escarpment few small cavities 

Land many small cavities

Living Cover Seagrass few large cavities 

Non-Scleractinian Coral many large cavities 

Scleractinian Coral few sml and lrg cavities 

Coralline Algae many sml & lrg cavities 

Coral or Coralline Algae many sml & few lrg cavities

Macroalgae Substrate Unconsolidated (Mud)

Turf Algae Unconsolidated (Sand)

Unclassified Algae Hardbottom (Rubble)

Emergent Vegetation Hardbottom (Boulder)

Giant Clam Hardbottom (Rock)

Other Non-Mobile 

Invertebrates

Hardbottom (Man-made 

Structure)
APPENDICES

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Table I.ii. Oceanographic equipment and instrumentation: company name, instrument 

type, applicable measurement and associated accuracy range.

Company Instrument Measurement Accuracy +\-

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 37 Sea Surface 

Temperature 0.002 0

C

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 37 Surface conductivity 0.0003 S m-1

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 39 Sea Surface 

Temperature 0.002 0

C

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 26plus Wave and Tide: Via 

pressure

0.01 % Feet of seawater

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 19plus Shallow water CTD 

Conductivity 0.005 S m-1

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 19plus Shallow water CTD 

Temperature 0.0002 0

C

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 19plus Shallow water CTD 

Pressure 0.1 % Feet of seawater

Wetlabs C-Star 

Transmissometer

Shallow water CTD 

Turbidity Not specified

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 911plus Deep water CTD 

Conductivity 0.003 S m-1

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 911plus Deep water CTD 

Temperature 0.001 0

C

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 911plus Deep water CTD 

Pressure

0.015 % Feet of 

seawater

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 43 Deep water CTD 

Dissolved Oxygen 2 % Saturation

Wetlabs ECO FLNTU Deep water CTD 

Turbidity 0.01 NTU

Wetlabs ECO FLNTU Deep water CTD 

Fluorescence 0.01 μg l-1

Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 21 Thermosalinograph 0.0001 S m-1

Young Instruments WS425 Air Temperature 0.3 0C

Heise Instruments DXD Barometric Pressure 0.02 % Feet of seawater

Vaisala Instruments Weather Station Wind Speed 0.135 m s-1

Vaisala Instruments Weather Station Wind Direction 2 0

SonTek Acoustic Doppler 

Profiler Current profiler 0.005 m s-1`

SonTek Acoustic Doppler 

Profiler

Wave spectra: Via 

pressure 

0.1 % Feet of seawater
APPENDICES

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Table I.iii. Common name index for American Samoan Corals.

Common Name Scientific Name

Antler Coral Pocillopora eydouxi 

Bewick Coral Leptastrea bewickenisi 

Blue Coral Heliopora coerulea 

Bottlebrush Coral Acropora elseyi

Branching Staghorn Coral Acropora nasuta

Bushy Staghorn Coral Acropora valida

Cauliflower Coral

Pocillopora meandrina 

Corrugated Coral Pavona varians 

Crust Coral Leptastrea purpurea 

Disk Anemone Discosoma sp.

Finger Staghorn Coral Acropora humilis

Fire Coral Millepora sp 

Fuzzy Table Coral Acropora paniculata

Haime’s Lump Coral Psammocora haimeana

Honeycomb Coral Gardineroseris planulata 

Lace Coral Pocillopora damicornis 

Leather Coral Lobophytum sp. 

Leather Coral Sinularia sp. 

Lichen Coral Porites lichen 

Lobe Coral Porites lobata 

Lumpy Rice Coral Montipora turgescens 

Maldive Coral Pavona maldivensis 

Mosaic Coral Leptastrea purpurea 

Mound Coral Porites lutea 

Mushroom Coral Fungia fungites 

Nodule Coral Porites annae 

Ocellated Coral Cyphastrea 

Oval Mushroom Coral Fungia scutaria 

Plate-and-Pillar Coral Porites rus 

Potato Chip Coral Pavona cactus 

Rice Coral Montipora verrucosa 

Ridge Coral Leptsoseris mycetoseroides 

Soft Corals Alcyoniidae

Solid Coral Porites solida 

Spiny Plate Coral Echinopora lamellosa 

Staghorn Coral Acropora austera

Stinging Coral Millepora sp.

Superficial Coral Psammocora superficialis

Swelling Coral Leptsoseris incrustans 

Table Coral Acropora cytherea

Transverse Coral Leptastrea transversa 

Verrill’s Ringed Rice Coral Montipora verrilli 

Yonge’s Staghorn Coral Acropora yongei

Extracted from: http://www.nps.gov/archive/npsa/NPSAcorl/corlnamcom.htm#top
APPENDICES

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Appendix II Oceanographic Instrument Deployments

Table II.i. Moored instrument deployments and retrievals around Tutuila and Aunu’u 

Islands: sea surface temperature (SST) buoy, recording current meter (RCM), wave and 

tide recorder (WTR), subsurface temperature recorder (STR), ecological acoustic recorder 

(EAR). TRANSMITTING & LOGGING – instrument records and transmits data via 

satellite; LOGGING – instrument records data until retrieved.

SITE INSTRUMENT 

TYPE DEPLOYED RETRIEVED DEPTH (m)

TUT-1

SST 2/10/2002 7/2/2002 0

SST 7/29/2002 7/1/2005 0

SST 8/4/2005 TRANSMITTING & 

LOGGING 0

TUT-2

SST 2/27/2002 6/27/2002 0

SST 7/29/2002 TRANSMITTING & 

LOGGING 0

TUT-3 RCM 3/3/2002 2/24/2004 22

TUT-4

SST 3/4/2002 6/27/2002 0

SST 7/29/2002 2/20/2006 0

SST 3/29/2006 TRANSMITTING & 

LOGGING 0

TUT-5 STR 2/20/2004 2/19/2006 5.8

STR 2/19/2006 LOGGING 6.1

TUT-6 STR 2/23/2004 2/24/2006 1.2

STR 2/24/2006 LOGGING 1.5

TUT-7

WTR 2/24/2004 8/6/2005 22

WTR 8/6/2005 2/25/2006 21.34

WTR 2/25/2006 LOGGING 22.56

TUT-8 STR 2/25/2004 LOGGING 20.1

TUT-9 STR 2/27/2004 2/24/2006 6.7

TUT-10 STR 8/4/2005 2/18/2006 8.23

STR 2/18/2006 LOGGING 7.62

TUT-11 STR 8/5/2005 2/21/2006 27.13

STR 2/21/2006 LOGGING 29.87

TUT-12 STR 8/6/2005 2/26/2006 13.11

STR 2/26/2006 LOGGING 12.8

TUT-13 EAR 2/19/2006 LOGGING 13.1

TUT-14 STR 2/20/2006 LOGGING 8.23

TUT-15 EAR 2/20/2006 LOGGING 16.7

TUT-16 EAR 2/23/2006 LOGGING 15.5

TUT-17 STR 2/24/2006 LOGGING 20.1

TUT-18 EAR 2/25/2006 LOGGING 16.7

TUT-19 SST 2/26/2006 TRANSMITTING & 

LOGGING 0
APPENDICES

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Table II.ii. Moored instrument deployments and retrievals offshore of Ofu and Olosega 

Islands: sea surface temperature (SST) buoy. TRANSMITTING & LOGGING – instrument records and transmits data via satellite; LOGGING – instrument records data until 

retrieved.

SITE INSTRUMENT 

TYPE DEPLOYED RETRIEVED DEPTH (m)

OFU001 STR 2/7/2004 2/26/2006 9.8

STR 2/26/2006 LOGGING 10.9

OFU002 STR 2/7/2004 2/27/2006 6.4

STR 2/27/2006 LOGGING 6.4

OFU003 STR 2/8/2004 3/1/2006 6.1

STR 3/1/2006 LOGGING 7.92

OFU004 STR 8/25/2004 LOGGING 1.5

OFU005 STR 8/26/2004 LOGGING 1.5

OFU006 STR 2/27/2006 LOGGING 6.1

OFU007 STR 2/27/2006 LOGGING 30.78

OFU008 STR 2/27/2006 LOGGING 18.9

OFU009 STR 3/1/2006 LOGGING 1.8

Table II.iii. Moored instrument deployments and retrievals offshore of Ta’u Island: sea 

surface temperature (SST) buoy, subsurface temperature recorder (STR). TRANSMITTING & LOGGING – instrument records and transmits data via satellite; LOGGING 

– instrument records data until retrieved.

SITE INSTRUMENT 

TYPE DEPLOYED RETRIEVED DEPTH (m)

TAU001 SST 2/12/2002 6/27/2002 0

SST 7/9/2002 2/7/2004 0

TAU002 STR 2/4/2004 3/3/2006 6.1

TAU003 STR 2/5/2004 3/3/2006 10.1

STR 3/3/2006 LOGGING 12.8

TAU004 SST 2/6/2004 TRANSMITTING & 

LOGGING 0

TAU005 STR 8/8/2005 3/4/2006 14.3

STR 3/4/2006 LOGGING 15.5

TAU006 STR 3/3/2006 LOGGING 12.8
APPENDICES

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Table II.iv. Moored instrument deployments and retrievals around Swains Island: 

ocean data platform (ODP), subsurface temperature recorder (STR). TRANSMITTING & 

LOGGING – instrument records and transmits data via satellite; LOGGING – instrument 

records data until retrieved.

SITE INSTRUMENT 

TYPE DEPLOYED RETRIEVED DEPTH (m)

SWA001 ODP 2/27/2002 2/16/2004 15

SWA002 STR 2/16/2004 2/11/2006 14

STR 2/11/2006 LOGGING 14

SWA003 STR 2/11/2006 LOGGING 6.7

SWA004 STR 2/11/2006 LOGGING 28

Table II.v. Moored instrument deployments and retrievals around Rose Atoll: RCM 

recording current meter (RCM), Coral Reef Early Warning System (CREWS) buoy, wave 

and tide recorder (WTR), subsurface temperature recorder (STR). TRANSMITTING & 

LOGGING – instrument records and transmits data via satellite; LOGGING – instrument 

records data until retrieved.

SITE INSTRUMENT 

TYPE DEPLOYED RETRIEVED DEPTH (m)

ROS001 RCM 2/23/2002 2/9/2004 3.4

ROS002 CREWS 2/24/2002 TRANSMITTING 

& LOGGING 0

ROS003 STR 2/10/2004 3/8/2006 3.4

STR 3/8/2006 LOGGING 3.66

ROS004 STR 2/10/2004 3/8/2006 7.9

ROS005 WTR 2/11/2004 3/5/2006 17.1

WTR 3/5/2006 LOGGING 16.46

ROS006 STR 2/11/2004 9/30/2005 7.9

ROS007 STR 2/11/2004 3/7/2006 2.4

STR 3/7/2006 LOGGING 2.1

ROS008 STR 3/7/2006 LOGGING 9.14

ROS009 STR 3/7/2006 LOGGING 31.09

ROS010 STR 3/7/2006 LOGGING 16.7

ROS011 STR 3/7/2006 LOGGING 8.5
APPENDICES

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Appendix III Coral Abundance

Table III.i. Results from 2004 REA coral surveys around Tutuila and Aunu’u Islands. TUT-15 TUT-16 TUT-17 TUT-4 TUT-5 TUT-14 TUT-18 TUT-13 TUT-19 TUT-12 TUT-2 TUT-1 TUT-20 TUT-10 TUT-9 TUT-21 TUT-11 TUT-22 TUT-23 TUT-6 TUT-7 TUT=8 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.4 10.2 4.9 4.3 6.0 7.1 4.8 0.5 1.8 1.7 8.9 0.8 1.5 0.3 1.0 5.1 5.6 9.1 15.8 4.7 5.6 7.8 2.7 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.0 0.3 4.3 21.5 1.8 0.9 1.5 0.3 0.7 0.0 7.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.3 2.5 2.6 0.8 0.3 2.1 1.8 0.0 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.5 0.2 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 3.7 1.8 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 16.5 0.6 0.0 1.6 0.9 2.6 0.5 0.0 1.1 1.5 6.0 0.9 5.2 0.7 4.8 0.7 3.1 2.6 1.0 1.4 1.3 0.0 0.8 2.5 2.6 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.4 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.0 7.2 0.0 2.9 0.7 5.8 5.4 2.3 0.3 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.7 0.6 1.5 3.2 0.6 3.9 0.3 3.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 2.5 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.2 3.1 6.2 5.5 7.1 4.0 3.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.9 1.8 0.5 0.3 4.8 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 1.1 2.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 3.9 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 1.8 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.2 0.6 1.2 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.6 1.3 27.1 4.8 5.2 5.5 5.4 4.2 10.3 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.2 9.2 2.3 2.3 1.7 2.0 6.1 9.9 1.3 0.0 0.8 0.3 1.0 2.1 7.3 1.7 0.0 3.1 0.0 3.0 1.1 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.6 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 25.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 28.4 4.5 22.4 4.0 0.0 0.6 1.5 0.5 0.0 7.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.5 12.2 27.0 10.1 2.1 0.3 4.7 1.2 0.7 5.9 33.5 18.4 33.9 18.7 30.2 25.9 16.5 48.9 70.4 46.7 15.5 31.1 0.8 29.5 8.4 22.9 46.2 38.0 26.8 47.2 43.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.7 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.4 1.6 8.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 6.0 16.5 13.8 14.0 15.8 28.0 1.5 23.8 0.0 3.7 5.4 38.5 6.3 2.0 7.1 7.1 8.4 5.1 3.9 6.2 5.9 0.4 0.3 2.4 1.8 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.0 2.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 16.8 3.6 6.5 2.3 5.1 2.2 9.0 0.4 0.9 1.5 3.4 1.5 3.1 4.4 20.3 6.2 7.0 2.5 2.5 5.6 4.6 9.0 7.2 5.9 7.3 35.5 13.0 7.9 20.5 4.0 7.8 29.6 19.5 0.0 6.0 8.4 4.8 3.4 5.7 25.9 8.1 13.0 12.4 0.6 0.2 0.7 3.5 1.3 7.1 1.4 0.5 1.3 2.6 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.9 2.3 3.5 3.8 3.1 0.8 0.0 4.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 39.0 4.4 41.7 11.4 7.1 20.8 7.6 1.7 11.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 510 650 577 398 386 354 583 200 227 115 135 354 135 619 498 311 645 474 355 358 161 153 100 70 100 100 100 100 100 100 60 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 Relative abundance of corals (# of colonies), by site and by taxon, Tutuila, American Samoa, 2004. % = % of total. Values representing >10% of numerical abundance at each site are in bold. Taxa Site Acanthastrea Acropora Astreopora Coscinaraea Cyphastrea Diploastrea Echinophyllia Echinophyllia/Oxypora Favia Favites Fungia/Cycloseris Galaxea Gardineroseris Goniastrea GonioporaAlveopora Heliopora Hydnophora Leptastrea Leptoseris/Pachyseris Lobophyllia/Symphyllia Merulina/Scapophyllia Millepora Montastrea Montipora Mycedium Oulophyllia Palythoa/Zoanthus Pavona Platygyra/Leptoria Plesiastrea Pocillopora Porites Psammocora Sandalolitha/Halomitra/Herpolitha Seriatopora Sinularia/Lobophytum/Sarcophyton/Cladiella Stylaster/Distichopora Stylocoeniella Stylophora Tubastrea Turbinaria Total # colonies Area surveyed, m2
APPENDICES

A-8

Table III.ii. Results from 2006 REA coral surveys around Tutuila and Aunu’u Islands. TUT-5 TUT-4 TUT-17 TUT-14 TUT-18 TUT-13 TUT-2 TUT-1 TUT-15 TUT-16 TUT-20 TUT-9 TUT-10 TUT-22 TUT-11 TUT-21 % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 3.4 3.6 8.0 2.9 11.6 13.3 5.3 1.1 5.6 15.3 3.9 0.0 0.3 8.0 9.5 7.3 6.2 0.0 1.0 2.8 0.0 12.9 5.3 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 7.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 2.4 0.4 3.1 2.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 0.4 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.6 3.6 0.7 0.0 1.6 3.8 1.0 3.9 2.3 0.4 0.4 3.0 0.8 1.3 1.1 3.8 1.1 2.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.4 2.6 3.5 0.0 0.6 0.2 3.1 3.0 6.8 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 6.1 4.6 0.0 0.8 3.9 0.4 1.4 2.6 11.7 0.2 0.4 3.6 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.8 6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 8.0 8.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 3.6 3.8 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.8 0.0 3.2 0.3 0.0 2.2 2.2 7.1 7.8 7.1 6.2 4.5 1.1 2.0 0.7 3.6 9.9 2.6 8.9 0.0 2.0 1.5 1.8 0.8 2.6 0.0 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.4 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.8 4.2 33.5 2.4 2.6 4.2 1.6 0.7 9.9 8.0 0.0 15.2 0.3 2.9 16.5 20.3 9.8 8.9 0.0 18.2 18.1 30.3 51.2 13.3 16.2 35.5 11.7 32.6 7.2 26.6 13.1 3.8 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.1 12.8 25.5 9.9 22.5 5.8 7.2 11.1 7.4 1.0 8.8 61.0 2.5 11.4 13.1 16.5 4.7 0.0 0.5 2.4 0.0 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.5 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 4.7 5.2 4.8 18.1 9.1 1.6 2.8 12.9 15.6 3.9 6.4 3.1 12.3 8.8 19.4 49.2 9.9 13.7 21.5 17.4 20.5 5.7 1.8 0.7 2.3 0.0 4.3 6.9 10.0 1.2 6.0 0.8 6.8 3.3 5.3 0.6 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.7 1.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.1 41.3 0.0 0.0 13.1 42.1 13.7 1.7 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 100 100.0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 25 50 25 25 100 100 100 Relative abundance of corals (# of colonies), by site and by taxon, Tutuila, American Samoa, 2006. % = % of total. Values representing >10% of numerical abundance at each site are in bold. Taxa Area surveyed, m2 Acanthastrea Acropora Astreopora Coscinaraea Cyphastrea Diploastrea Echinophyllia Echinophyllia/Oxypora Favia Favites Fungia/Cycloseris Galaxea Gardineroseris Goniastrea GonioporaAlveopora Heliopora Hydnophora Leptastrea Leptoseris/Pachyseris Lobophyllia/Symphyllia Merulina/Scapophyllia Millepora Montastrea Montipora Mycedium Oulophyllia Palythoa/Zoanthus Pavona Platygyra/Leptoria Plesiastrea Pocillopora Porites Psammocora Sandalolitha/Halomitra/Herpolitha Seriatopora Sinularia/Lobophytum/Sarcophyton/Cladiella Stylaster/Distichopora Stylocoeniella Other scleractinians Total # colonies Stylophora Tubastrea Turbinaria
APPENDICES

A-9

Table III.iii. Results from 2004 REA coral surveys around Ofu and Olosega Islands.

OLO-1 OLO-4 OLO-5 OLO-6 OFU-6 OFU-3 OFU-2 OFU-8

% % % % % % % % 

0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.9 0.1

1.7 4.0 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.9 1.7

0.0 5.0 0.3 8.3 0.0 3.0 5.3 6.1

1.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.0

0.8 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.0

1.4 8.2 5.7 5.3 14.4 11.1 5.1 4.3

0.0 1.7 2.5 1.3 2.2 2.3 1.4 1.0

0.0 1.3 0.3 0.0 1.3 1.0 2.5 0.0

3.1 5.6 19.4 1.1 20.4 3.4 12.6 1.7

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5.6 25.3 13.9 3.4 15.3 15.2 18.1 7.3

0.8 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 1.1 0.0

0.0 4.4 0.5 6.9 0.3 5.6 1.9 4.6

0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 3.8 0.8 0.5 0.0

0.6 4.0 1.1 1.4 1.0 9.2 4.0 5.2

14.0 21.8 6.0 30.9 6.1 23.1 5.3 38.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.4 0.0 0.8 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.4

0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.1

2.2 2.9 1.9 1.1 1.3 2.3 2.1 1.4

0.6 5.9 3.3 4.2 20.4 5.6 10.2 4.6

10.1 3.8 5.2 10.7 0.0 6.1 5.8 13.4

33.8 1.5 19.9 15.4 0.6 5.6 15.6 5.6

0.0 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

22.6 0.6 17.2 5.9 1.9 0.3 1.4 3.9

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

358 478 366 624 313 610 570 716

100 24 100 100 100 53.5 100 100

Acanthastrea

Acropora

Astreopora

Relative abundance of corals (# of colonies), by site and by taxon, Ofu and Olosega, American Samoa, 2004. % = % of total. 

Values representing >10% of numerical abundance at each site are in bold. 

Site

Taxa

Coscinaraea

Cyphastrea

Diploastrea

Echinophyllia

Echinopora

Favia

Favites

Fungia

Galaxea

Gardineroseris

Goniastrea

GonioporaAlveopora

Heliopora

Hydnophora

Leptastrea

Leptoseris/Pachyseris

Lobophyllia/Symphyllia

Merulina/Scapophyllia

Millepora

Montastrea

Montipora

Mycedium

Oulophyllia

Palythoa/Zoanthus

Pavona

Platygyra/Leptoria

Pocillopora

Porites

Psammocora

Sandalolitha

Seriatopora

Sinularia/Lobophytum/Sarcophyton

Total # colonies

Area surveyed, m2

Stylaster/Distichopora

Stylocoeniella

Stylophora

Turbinaria
APPENDICES

A-10

Table III.iv. Results from 2006 REA coral surveys around Ofu and Olosega Islands. 

OLO-6 OLO-1 OLO-2 OLO-4 OFU-4 OFU-3 OLO-5 OFU-1 OFU-9 OFU-2 OFU-6 OFU-8

% % % % % % % % % % % %

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.1 0.3

2.3 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.2 2.1 3.5 1.9 4.3 1.1 3.7

6.9 0.0 0.6 9.2 5.6 3.8 0.9 0.5 8.6 3.6 0.0 3.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

0.3 0.0 1.6 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.6 1.1 0.6

1.4 3.9 3.5 2.0 1.3 4.3 2.1 3.5 0.6 0.9 8.8 1.5

4.9 1.3 7.7 2.9 6.3 6.1 2.1 4.0 3.5 4.2 4.6 5.2

0.0 0.0 2.2 0.6 2.6 1.2 7.5 2.5 0.0 1.1 0.4 0.0

1.2 2.6 4.2 3.7 5.3 2.0 14.3 7.0 1.9 4.2 16.1 3.7

0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4.0 3.9 26.9 11.8 27.2 9.7 29.3 7.0 2.6 18.4 9.2 5.8

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.6 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3

5.8 0.4 10.6 5.5 4.0 5.3 0.9 2.0 9.6 4.5 0.4 2.1

0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.6

4.3 4.4 8.7 11.0 10.6 13.2 4.2 5.0 1.6 8.2 1.5 2.5

37.8 14.5 4.8 24.8 6.9 31.0 3.6 24.1 53.7 23.6 23.4 43.3

0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3

0.0 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.9 0.9 9.0 4.0 4.8 3.2 7.8 6.5 2.2 5.3 4.2 3.4

5.2 1.3 1.9 4.0 2.9 5.1 3.6 3.5 0.6 3.6 19.9 4.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

9.8 15.4 8.3 12.7 10.8 8.9 13.1 14.6 8.0 11.0 2.7 15.6

8.9 29.4 4.8 2.3 3.2 2.2 1.2 4.5 3.8 4.7 0.0 2.8

0.0 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.4 7.9 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.0 2.7 2.5 1.0 0.5 3.1 0.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.9 10.5 0.3 1.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

347 228 312 347 378 494 335 199 313 645 261 326

50 50 50 20 25 25 25 50 50 50 50 50

Total # colonies

Area surveyed, m2

Relative abundance of corals (# of colonies), by site and by taxon, Ofu and Olosega, American Samoa, 2006. % = % of total. Values

representing >10% of numerical abundance at each site are in bold. 

Stylophora

Tubastrea

Turbinaria

Seriatopora

Sinularia/Lobophytum/Sarcophyton

Stylaster/Distichopora

Stylocoeniella

Pocillopora

Porites

Psammocora

Sandalolitha/Halomitra/Herpolitha

Palythoa/Zoanthus

Pavona

Platygyra/Leptoria

Plesiastrea

Montastrea

Montipora

Mycedium

Oulophyllia

Leptoseris/Pachyseris

Lobophyllia/Symphyllia

Merulina/Scapophyllia

Millepora

GonioporaAlveopora

Heliopora

Hydnophora

Leptastrea

Fungia/Cycloseris

Galaxea

Gardineroseris

Goniastrea

Echinophyllia

Echinophyllia/Oxypora

Favia

Favites

Astreopora

Coscinaraea

Cyphastrea

Diploastrea

Site

Acanthastrea

Acropora

Taxa
APPENDICES

A-11

Table III.v. Results from 2004 REA coral surveys Ta’u Island.

TAU-7 TAU-2 TAU-8 TAU-4 TAU-5 TAU-9 TAU-10 TAU-11 TAU-12

% % % % % % % % %

0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2

9.0 3.6 7.4 5.5 2.9 12.3 0.0 2.3 8.9

6.6 22.5 10.8 6.7 20.6 9.7 7.8 12.6 10.0

1.4 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3

0.0 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.7

12.5 7.3 1.7 16.3 24.4 7.2 64.1 3.7 11.3

9.7 5.0 5.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 0.0 2.0 4.1

1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

8.7 2.6 5.6 1.8 3.2 0.7 0.0 0.7 1.7

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5.9 4.7 7.4 3.7 12.9 3.0 0.0 2.7 11.1

0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.4 1.9 1.3 5.2 1.1 8.3 4.7 2.3 12.2

0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

6.9 2.6 10.0 6.4 1.1 2.3 0.0 0.0 2.8

5.9 18.5 17.7 36.2 12.0 22.2 12.5 47.5 18.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.4 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

0.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3.1 1.4 2.2 0.3 0.6 1.6 0.0 2.0 0.9

9.4 3.3 6.9 2.8 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.3 3.7

7.6 4.0 14.3 4.0 2.3 7.4 0.0 6.3 4.4

4.2 8.5 3.5 7.4 13.5 20.8 10.9 17.3 5.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.4 5.0 3.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

288 422 231 326 349 432 64 301 459

Area surveyed, m 37.5 37.5 50 75 75 68 100 100 66 2

Stylophora

Turbinaria

Total # colonies

Seriatopora

Sinularia/Lobophytum/Sarcophyton

Stylaster/Distichopora

Stylocoeniella

Pocillopora

Porites

Psammocora

Sandalolitha

Oulophyllia

Palythoa/Zoanthus

Pavona

Platygyra/Leptoria

Millepora

Montastrea

Montipora

Mycedium

Leptastrea

Leptoseris/Pachyseris

Lobophyllia/Symphyllia

Merulina/Scapophyllia

Goniastrea

GonioporaAlveopora

Heliopora

Hydnophora

Favites

Fungia

Galaxea

Gardineroseris

Diploastrea

Echinophyllia

Echinopora

Favia

Acropora

Astreopora

Coscinaraea

Cyphastrea

Acanthastrea

Relative abundance of corals (# of colonies), by site and by taxon, Ta'u, American Samoa, 2004. % = % of total.

Values representing >10% of numerical abundance at each site are in bold. 

Site

Taxa
APPENDICES

A-12

Table III.vi. Results from 2006 REA coral surveys around Ta’u Island.

Tau-5 Tau-10 Tau-4 Tau-7 Tau-2 Tau-8 Tau-12 Tau-9 Tau-11

% % % % % % % % %

0.7 1.1 0.3 0.0 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2

2.3 3.4 1.9 2.0 4.8 10.2 7.9 6.0 7.9

46.5 9.1 0.0 14.3 15.8 24.6 7.5 8.9 7.5

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.0 0.0 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.2 1.3 0.2 1.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.2

0.3 1.1 3.5 3.7 1.8 1.5 2.7 1.9 2.7

14.7 12.6 16.7 13.1 9.9 4.9 5.9 6.2 5.9

2.3 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.5

2.7 5.7 3.2 3.7 5.1 5.1 2.2 1.9 2.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.7 4.0 12.5 14.7 3.9 7.6 14.3 4.7 14.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 2.9 10.6 2.4 2.4 4.2 11.8 17.1 11.8

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5

0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.7 0.6 9.6 9.0 8.4 6.6 7.0 4.5 7.0

3.7 37.7 10.9 14.7 4.5 6.8 20.8 23.5 20.7

0.3 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

0.0 2.3 3.2 4.5 2.1 1.3 3.9 6.6 3.9

2.3 1.1 3.8 7.3 4.2 3.6 2.3 2.3 2.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4.7 0.6 5.1 1.6 7.5 12.7 4.5 6.4 4.5

14.4 13.1 13.1 5.3 2.4 6.4 5.0 8.4 5.2

0.0 1.1 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 1.7 0.3 0.0 10.4 3.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

299 175 312 245 335 472 558 514 560

50 50 25 50 25 50 50 50 50

Total # colonies

Area surveyed, m2

Stylocoeniella

Stylophora

Tubastrea

Turbinaria

Sandalolitha/Halomitra/Herpolitha

Seriatopora

Sinularia/Lobophytum/Sarcophyton

Stylaster/Distichopora

Plesiastrea

Pocillopora

Porites

Psammocora

Oulophyllia

Palythoa/Zoanthus

Pavona

Platygyra/Leptoria

Millepora

Montastrea

Montipora

Mycedium

Leptastrea

Leptoseris/Pachyseris

Lobophyllia/Symphyllia

Merulina/Scapophyllia

Goniastrea

GonioporaAlveopora

Heliopora

Hydnophora

Favites

Fungia/Cycloseris

Galaxea

Gardineroseris

Diploastrea

Echinophyllia

Echinophyllia/Oxypora

Favia

Acropora

Astreopora

Coscinaraea

Cyphastrea

Acanthastrea

Relative abundance of corals (# of colonies), by site and by taxon, Ta'u, American Samoa, 2006. % = 

% of total. Values representing >10% of numerical abundance at each site are in bold. 

Taxa

Site
APPENDICES

A-13

Table III.vii. Results from 2004 REA coral surveys around Rose Atoll.

ROS 1 ROS 2 ROS 3 ROS 21 ROS 4 ROS 22 ROS 23 ROS 7 ROS 5 ROS 6 ROS 8/8P ROS9/ 9P

% % % % % % % % % % % %

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

17.5 4.3 6.2 0.8 1.6 3.2 9.2 2.0 0.4 1.4 1.1 2.0

0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 17.7

0.0 2.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.8 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.0 2.2 1.1 0.0 2.1 0.0 2.8 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4.5 3.5 5.5 3.0 0.4 3.9 2.1 0.0 6.4 1.0 6.2 40.0

0.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.8 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 10.6 0.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.5 3.5

2.8 0.9 1.7 1.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

28.8 19.1 23.4 18.8 13.6 37.6 19.4 1.8 25.3 29.1 6.7 0.0

3.7 8.7 8.3 6.8 8.4 12.9 7.7 8.3 6.0 22.9 14.6 28.5

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.0 7.6 15.9 11.4 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

30.5 23.2 0.0 36.7 70.8 32.3 45.4 86.6 47.6 25.3 0.0 0.0

0.3 4.3 0.0 0.2 3.2 1.8 2.5 0.6 1.3 4.1 54.3 6.5

0.3 1.2 0.7 2.1 0.0 0.7 1.1 0.0 0.9 0.7 3.6 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4.8 23.6 34.8 15.4 1.6 2.2 0.4 0.6 6.0 13.4 0.6 0.8

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

354 423 290 474 250 279 284 509 233 292 357 950

100 100 100 100 100 90 50 100 50 100 100 96

Relative abundance of corals (# of colonies), by site and by taxon, Rose Atoll, American Samoa, 2004. % = % of total. Values representing

>10% of numerical abundance at each site are in bold.

Taxa

Site

Acanthastrea

Acropora

Astreopora

Coscinaraea

Cyphastrea

Diploastrea

Echinophyllia

Echinopora

Favia

Favites

Fungia

Galaxea

Gardineroseris

Goniastrea

GonioporaAlveopora

Heliopora

Hydnophora

Leptastrea

Leptoseris/Pachyseris

Lobophyllia/Symphyllia

Merulina/Scapophyllia

Millepora

Montastrea

Montipora

Mycedium

Oulophyllia

Palythoa/Zoanthus

Pavona

Platygyra/Leptoria

Pocillopora

Porites

Psammocora

Sandalolitha

Seriatopora

Sinularia/Lobophytum/Sarcophyton

Stylaster/Distichopora

Stylocoeniella

Area surveyed, m2

Stylophora

Turbinaria

Total # colonies
APPENDICES

A-14

Table III.viii. Results from 2006 REA coral surveys around Rose Atoll..

ROS-2 ROS-1 ROS-8 ROS-6 ROS-9P ROS-5 ROS-7 ROS-23 ROS-21 ROS-4 ROS-3

% % % % % % % % % % %

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 2.3 0.0 0.0

2.8 12.4 9.3 3.1 1.5 2.9 1.2 2.2 0.0 1.7 5.0

0.0 0.5 16.4 0.0 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.0

1.4 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.9 3.4 0.7 1.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.9 8.1 5.2 0.8 44.2 1.9 0.6 7.2 1.3 2.4 1.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.5 0.0 0.8 0.0 1.0 0.6 1.6 1.0 0.0 2.7

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.0

0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 2.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

1.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.7 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

10.6 21.1 2.5 29.5 0.0 31.0 0.6 30.7 13.6 14.6 8.3

6.4 3.8 14.0 28.7 17.6 8.9 23.3 6.0 3.4 15.6 3.8

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

8.5 2.4 0.0 1.6 0.3 2.6 1.7 3.4 5.7 1.4 4.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

24.1 38.3 0.0 27.1 0.0 45.7 68.6 37.3 50.7 53.6 66.4

0.5 2.4 46.6 7.8 16.8 1.9 2.9 0.9 0.3 2.4 0.4

2.1 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

35.1 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.6 4.7 15.4 6.1 5.6

1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

50 60 50 50 45 50 50 50 50 50 50

This table does not include data from 8P, which was recorded at a different depth by Maragos

Data from ROS-1 is confounded by Maragos surveying 5 m of the 2nd transect line after Kenyon had already done so

Turbinaria

Total # colonies

Area surveyed, m2

Stylaster/Distichopora

Stylocoeniella

Stylophora

Tubastrea

Psammocora

Sandalolitha/Halomitra/Herpolitha

Seriatopora

Sinularia/Lobophytum/Sarcophyton

Platygyra/Leptoria

Plesiastrea

Pocillopora

Porites

Mycedium

Oulophyllia

Palythoa/Zoanthus

Pavona

Merulina/Scapophyllia

Millepora

Montastrea

Montipora

Hydnophora

Leptastrea

Leptoseris/Pachyseris

Lobophyllia/Symphyllia

Gardineroseris

Goniastrea

GonioporaAlveopora

Heliopora

Favia

Favites

Fungia/Cycloseris

Galaxea

Cyphastrea

Diploastrea

Echinophyllia

Echinophyllia/Oxypora

Acanthastrea

Acropora

Astreopora

Coscinaraea

Relative abundance of corals (# of colonies), by site and by taxon, Rose Atoll, American Samoa, 2006. % = % of total. 

Values representing >10% of numerical abundance at each site are in bold. 

Taxa

Site
APPENDICES

A-15

Table III.ix. Results from 2004 REA coral surveys around Swains Island.

SWA-8 SWA-6 SWA-7 SWA-10 SWA-14 SWA-1 SWA-3 SWA-5

% % % % % % % %

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 1.7 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.1 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.2 11.8 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5.7 0.0 2.1 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

19.6 31.3 28.4 31.3 40.0 51.6 35.8 12.5

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.8 1.5 1.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

65.4 58.4 46.6 42.8 48.2 33.6 45.3 70.0

5.7 7.9 1.5 0.0 0.8 0.4 10.0 15.0

0.6 0.0 1.5 1.0 1.8 4.9 2.2 0.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.3 1.5 5.8 23.6 6.1 4.3 4.4 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

332 517 468 208 512 467 408 160

25 67 100 100 100 100 100 50

Acanthastrea

Acropora

Astreopora

Relative abundance of corals (# of colonies), by site and by taxon, Swains Island, American Samoa, 2004. % = % of total. Values

representing >10% of numerical abundance at each site are in bold. 

Taxa

Site

Coscinaraea

Cyphastrea

Diploastrea

Echinophyllia

Echinopora

Favia

Favites

Fungia

Galaxea

Gardineroseris

Goniastrea

GonioporaAlveopora

Heliopora

Hydnophora

Leptastrea

Leptoseris/Pachyseris

Lobophyllia/Symphyllia

Merulina/Scapophyllia

Millepora

Montastrea

Montipora

Mycedium

Oulophyllia

Palythoa/Zoanthus

Pavona

Platygyra/Leptoria

Pocillopora

Porites

Psammocora

Sandalolitha

Seriatopora

Sinularia/Lobophytum/Sarcophyton

Total # colonies

Area surveyed, m2

Stylaster/Distichopora

Stylocoeniella

Stylophora

Turbinaria
APPENDICES

A-16

Table III.x. Results form 2006 REA coral surveys around Swains Island.

SWA-10P SWA-14 SWA-7 SWA-8 SWA-6 SWA-1 SWA-4 SWA-5P

% % % % % % % %

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.3 0.0 1.2 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

83.8 64.7 83.6 29.2 30.8 89.0 94.4 23.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.6 6.4 0.0 1.0 0.2 0.3 2.8 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

9.9 18.4 14.7 62.9 61.4 8.4 0.9 50.7

0.0 0.9 0.3 3.5 2.4 1.3 1.2 25.6

0.0 1.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.9 7.6 0.3 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

Number of coral colonies counted, by site and by taxon, Swains Island, American Samoa, 2006. %

= % of total. Values representing >10% of numerical abundance at each site are in bold.

Taxa

Site

Acanthastrea

Acropora

Astreopora

Coscinaraea

Cyphastrea

Diploastrea

Echinophyllia

Echinophyllia/Oxypora

Favia

Favites

Fungia/Cycloseris

Galaxea

Gardineroseris

Goniastrea

GonioporaAlveopora

Heliopora

Hydnophora

Leptastrea

Leptoseris/Pachyseris

Lobophyllia/Symphyllia

Merulina/Scapophyllia

Millepora

Montastrea

Montipora

Mycedium

Oulophyllia

Palythoa/Zoanthus

Pavona

Platygyra/Leptoria

Plesiastrea

Pocillopora

Porites

Psammocora

Sandalolitha/Halomitra/Herpolitha

Seriatopora

Sinularia/Lobophytum/Sarcophyton

Stylaster/Distichopora

Stylocoeniella

Stylophora

Tubastrea

Turbinaria

Total # colonies

Area surveyed, m2
APPENDICES

A-17

Appendix IV Reef Fish Surveys

Table IV.i. Total fish fish biomass (kg 100m-2) in American Samoa, measured on fish 

belts (dividing by 10 gives values in tons ha-1).

Year Island n Total Barracuda Damsel Emperor Grouper Jack Parrotfish

2002 TUT 14 7.6 ± 4.6 0 0.30 ± 0.04 0.04 ± 0.02 0.16 ± 0.03 0.06 ± 0.05 0.59 ± 0.35

OFU/

OLO 6 10.2 ± 2.0 0 0.40 ± 0.05 0.07 ± 0.05 0.67 ± 0.06 0.30 ± 0.24 0.70 ± 0.13

TAU 6 7.7 ± 3.0 0 0.29 ± 0.06 0.85 ± 0.68 0.52 ± 0.16 0 0.84 ± 0.25

ROS 12 15.4 ± 8.1 0 0.31 ± 0.08 0.96 ± 0.58 0.63 ± 0.13 0.67 ± 0.36 2.35 ± 1.71

SWA 6 6.3 ± 3.6 0 0.28 ± 0.03 0.09 ± 0.05 0.85 ± 0.19 0.22 ± 0.13 0.02 ± 0.02

Average 44 9.4 ± 4.3 0 0.32 ± 0.05 0.40 ± 0.27 0.57 ± 0.11 0.25 ± 0.16 0.90 ± 0.49

2004 TUT 22 9.4 ± 5.5 0 0.42 ± 0.11 0.14 ± 0.07 0.62 ± 0.25 0.15 ± 0.11 2.10 ± 0.83

OFU/

OLO 8 14.3 ± 5.1 0 0.48 ± 0.08 0.17 ± 0.10 1.26 ± 0.29 0.06 ± 0.03 1.83 ± 0.81

TAU 9 10.1 ± 4.4 0 0.27 ± 0.05 0.13 ± 0.10 0.75 ± 0.19 0.18 ± 0.09 1.19 ± 0.59

ROS 14 23.7 ± 12.2 0 0.50 ± 0.07 3.00 ± 2.84 1.49 ± 0.26 0.50 ± 0.47 1.94 ± 0.50

SWA 8 29.3 ± 20.1 16.3 ± 15.3 0.94 ± 0.13 0.17 ± 0.06 1.23 ± 0.19 0.54 ± 0.28 0.15 ± 0.08

Average 61 17.4 ± 9.5 3.3 ± 3.1 0.52 ± 0.09 0.72 ± 0.63 1.07 ± 0.24 0.29 ± 0.19 1.44 ± 0.56

2006 TUT 22 4.5 ± 1.8 0 0.21 ± 0.03 0.10 ± 0.08 0.13 ± 0.03 0.11 ± 0.11 1.10 ± 0.38

OFU/

OLO 12 5.4 ± 1.2 0 0.25 ± 0.04 0.11 ± 0.05 0.53 ± 0.12 0.02 ± 0.02 1.21 ± 0.30

TAU 9 4.4 ± 1.6 0.6 ± 0.5 0.21 ± 0.03 0.30 ± 0.25 0.41 ± 0.08 0 0.67 ± 0.27

ROS 14 22.8 ± 14.0 0 0.48 ± 0.07 1.62 ± 1.30 0.57 ± 0.09 0.29 ± 0.26 8.24 ± 5.42

SWA 8 6.5 ± 2.9 0 0.16 ± 0.02 0.16 ± 0.09 0.38 ± 0.02 2.06 ± 1.58 0.19 ± 0.09

Average 65 8.7 ± 4.3 0.1 ± 0.1 0.26 ± 0.04 0.46 ± 0.35 0.40 ± 0.07 0.50 ± 0.39 2.28 ± 1.29

All-years average 11.8 ± 6.0 1.1 ± 1.1 0.37 ± 0.06 0.53 ± 0.42 0.68 ± 0.14 0.34 ± 0.25 1.54 ± 0.78
APPENDICES

A-18

Year Island n Snapper Surgeon Trigger Wrasse Others

2002 TUT 14 0.17 ± 0.06 5.14 ± 3.62 0.13 ± 0.03 0.41 ± 0.24 0.58 ± 0.15

OFU/

OLO 6 1.55 ± 0.46 4.58 ± 0.39 0.29 ± 0.07 0.32 ± 0.04 1.31 ± 0.54

TAU 6 0.73 ± 0.33 2.61 ± 0.74 0.32 ± 0.08 0.48 ± 0.13 1.06 ± 0.53

ROS 12 2.42 ± 1.40 5.27 ± 2.39 0.37 ± 0.10 1.13 ± 0.71 1.26 ± 0.67

SWA 6 1.40 ± 0.72 0.43 ± 0.16 0.83 ± 0.11 0.12 ± 0.04 3.14 ± 2.21

Average 44 1.26 ± 0.59 3.61 ± 1.46 0.39 ± 0.08 0.49 ± 0.23 1.47 ± 0.90

2004 TUT 22 0.32 ± 0.19 2.47 ± 0.79 0.30 ± 0.13 0.37 ± 0.19 3.74 ± 2.89

OFU/

OLO 8 1.33 ± 0.82 5.12 ± 1.08 2.01 ± 1.05 0.32 ± 0.04 1.75 ± 0.77

TAU 9 1.31 ± 0.69 2.07 ± 0.36 2.50 ± 1.78 0.39 ± 0.09 1.27 ± 0.43

ROS 14 4.44 ± 3.27 6.94 ± 2.59 0.67 ± 0.18 0.74 ± 0.43 3.44 ± 1.57

SWA 8 1.80 ± 0.72 2.59 ± 1.17 1.86 ± 0.70 0.27 ± 0.08 3.45 ± 1.33

Average 61 1.84 ± 1.14 3.84 ± 1.20 1.47 ± 0.77 0.42 ± 0.17 2.73 ± 1.39

2006 TUT 22 0.15 ± 0.09 1.94 ± 0.73 0.13 ± 0.05 0.11 ± 0.02 0.50 ± 0.28

OFU/

OLO 12 0.31 ± 0.08 2.00 ± 0.26 0.25 ± 0.12 0.16 ± 0.03 0.58 ± 0.18

TAU 9 0.36 ± 0.10 0.93 ± 0.20 0.15 ± 0.02 0.19 ± 0.04 0.54 ± 0.11

ROS 14 2.16 ± 1.39 7.98 ± 5.02 0.19 ± 0.04 0.22 ± 0.07 1.05 ± 0.39

SWA 8 1.35 ± 0.40 1.25 ± 0.55 0.46 ± 0.04 0.10 ± 0.01 0.44 ± 0.06

Average 65 0.86 ± 0.41 2.82 ± 1.35 0.24 ± 0.06 0.16 ± 0.04 0.62 ± 0.20

All-years average 1.32 ± 0.72 3.42 ± 1.34 0.70 ± 0.30 0.36 ± 0.14 1.60 ± 0.80
APPENDICES

A-19

Table IV.ii. Large fish biomass (tail length > 50 cm; tons ha-1) in American Samoa, 

measured by towed-diver surveys.

Year Island n Total Barracuda Grouper Jack Parrotfish

2002 TUT 13 0.048 ± 

0.040

0.0025 ± 

0.0021 0 0.0109 ± 0.0102

0.0013 ± 

0.0008

OFU/OLO 13 0.028 ± 

0.017

0.0006 ± 

0.0004

0.0003 ± 

0.0003

0.0006 ± 

0.0002

0.0084 ± 

0.0029

TAU 8 0.024 ± 

0.013 0 0.0009 ± 0.0008

0.0007 ± 

0.0003

0.0056 ± 

0.0012

ROS 17 0.143 ± 

0.087

0.0372 ± 

0.0257

0.0003 ± 

0.0002

0.0535 ± 

0.0418

0.0040 ± 

0.0017

SWA 9 0.256 ± 

0.130

0.1198 ± 

0.0588

0.0002 ± 

0.0002

0.0498 ± 

0.0355

0.0023 ± 

0.0009

Average 60 0.100 ± 

0.058

0.0320 ± 

0.0174

0.0003 ± 

0.0003

0.0231 ± 

0.0176

0.0043 ± 

0.0015

2004 TUT 43 0.041 ± 

0.016

0.0087 ± 

0.0060

0.0009 ± 

0.0004

0.0016 ± 

0.0005

0.0112 ± 

0.0028

OFU/OLO 18 0.039 ± 

0.025

0.0127 ± 

0.0127 0 0.0009 ± 0.0007

0.0080 ± 

0.0021

TAU 18 0.030 ± 

0.015

0.0003 ± 

0.0003

0.0004 ± 

0.0002

0.0003 ± 

0.0003

0.0087 ± 

0.0024

ROS 22 0.098 ± 

0.076

0.0009 ± 

0.0009

0.0001 ± 

0.0001

0.0676 ± 

0.0655

0.0051 ± 

0.0019

SWA 14 0.164 ± 

0.102

0.0385 ± 

0.0239 0 0.0521 ± 0.0511

0.0039 ± 

0.0017

Average 115 0.074 ± 

0.047

0.0122 ± 

0.0088

0.0003 ± 

0.0001

0.0245 ± 

0.0236

0.0074 ± 

0.0022

2006 TUT 44 0.042 ± 

0.026

0.0038 ± 

0.0031

0.0009 ± 

0.0004

0.0228 ± 

0.016

0.0037 ± 

0.0009

OFU/OLO 17 0.033 ± 

0.014

0.0016 ± 

0.0013

0.0005 ± 

0.0004

0.0033 ± 

0.0020

0.0087 ± 

0.0024

TAU 15 0.046 ± 

0.019

0.0068 ± 

0.0050 0 0.0047 ± 0.0033

0.0110 ± 

0.0023

ROS 21 0.068 ± 

0.046

0.0212 ± 

0.0210 0 0.0179 ± 0.0145

0.0044 ± 

0.0011

SWA 9 0.132 ± 

0.085

0.0233 ± 

0.0119 0 0.0659 ± 0.0530

0.0024 ± 

0.0007

Average 106 0.064 ± 

0.038

0.0113 ± 

0.0085

0.0003 ± 

0.0002

0.0229 ± 

0.0178

0.0060 ± 

0.0015

All-years average 0.079 ± 

0.048

0.0185 ± 

0.0115

0.0003 ± 

0.0002

0.0235 ± 

0.0197

0.0059 ± 

0.0017
APPENDICES

A-20

Year Island n Shark Snapper Surgeonfish Wrasse Others

2002 TUT 13 0.0088 ± 

0.0082 0.0060 ± 0.0057 0.0004 ± 0.0003

0.0092 ± 

0.0054

0.0104 ± 

0.0078

OFU/

OLO 13 0.0069 ± 0.0037 0.0056 ± 0.0018 0.0010 ± 0.0005

0.0011 ± 

0.0007

0.0060 ± 

0.0069

TAU 8 0.0016 ± 

0.0011 0.0040 ± 0.0014 0.0038 ± 0.0021

0.0040 ± 

0.0038

0.0046 ± 

0.0019

ROS 17 0.0156 ± 

0.0069 0.0193 ± 0.0041 0.0057 ± 0.0023

0.0027 ± 

0.0021

0.0074 ± 

0.0024

SWA 9 0.0210 ± 

0.0095 0.0461 ± 0.0154 0.0092 ± 0.0038

0.0053 ± 

0.0046

0.0024 ± 

0.0018

Average 60 0.0108 ± 

0.0059 0.0162 ± 0.0057 0.0040 ± 0.0018

0.0045 ± 

0.0033

0.0061 ± 

0.0042

2004 TUT 43 0.0045 ± 

0.0019 0.0028 ± 0.0006 0.0066 ± 0.0017

0.0015 ± 

0.0008

0.0036 ± 

0.0013

OFU/

OLO 18 0.0055 ± 0.0038 0.0041 ± 0.0014 0.0041 ± 0.0023

0.0017 ± 

0.0012

0.0016 ± 

0.0010

TAU 18 0.0036 ± 

0.0024 0.0021 ± 0.0007 0.0069 ± 0.0035

0.0069 ± 

0.0042

0.0013 ± 

0.0006

ROS 22 0.0062 ± 

0.0021 0.0086 ± 0.0019 0.0072 ± 0.0025

0.0009 ± 

0.0009

0.0020 ± 

0.0006

SWA 14 0.0009 ± 

0.0009 0.0204 ± 0.0040 0.0274 ± 0.0078

0.0165 ± 

0.0115

0.0052 ± 

0.0015

Average 115 0.0041 ± 

0.0022 0.0076 ± 0.0017 0.0104 ± 0.0036

0.0055 ± 

0.0037

0.0027 ± 

0.0010

2006 TUT 44 0.0040 ± 0.002 0.0010 ± 0.0003 0.0009 ± 

0.0005

0.0028 ± 

0.0015

0.0030 ± 

0.0009

OFU/

OLO 17 0.0061 ± 0.0014 0.0049 ± 0.0014 0.0006 ± 0.0003

0.0037 ± 

0.0028

0.0054 ± 

0.0017

TAU 15 0.0047 ± 

0.0024 0.0053 ± 0.0011 0.0012 ± 0.0007

0.0035 ± 

0.0016

0.0104 ± 

0.0030

ROS 21 0.0100 ± 

0.0050 0.0085 ± 0.0022 0.0015 ± 0.0005 0 0.0067 ± 0.0022

SWA 9 0.0119 ± 

0.0097 0.0100 ± 0.0020 0.0076 ± 0.0024

0.0086 ± 

0.0035

0.0029 ± 

0.0018

Average 106 0.0074 ± 

0.0041 0.0060 ± 0.0014 0.0024 ± 0.0009

0.0037 ± 

0.0019

0.0057 ± 

0.0019

All-years average 0.0074 ± 

0.0041 0.0099 ± 0.0029 0.0056 ± 0.0021

0.0046 ± 

0.0030

0.0048 ± 

0.0024
APPENDICES

A-21

Table IV.iii. Total fish densities (count 100m-2) in American Samoa, measured on fish 

belts.

Year Island n Total Butterflyfish Damselfish Emperor Grouper Jack

2002 TUT 14 184 ± 43 7.7 ± 1.6 70 ± 6 0.4 ± 0.1 2.0 ± 0.4 0.2 ± 0.1

OFU/OLO 6 246 ± 47 9.5 ± 4.3 138 ± 19 0.5 ± 0.2 4.3 ± 0.3 0.8 ± 0.6

TAU 6 198 ± 55 2.1 ± 0.7 120 ± 29 2.4 ± 2.2 3.1 ± 0.6 0

ROS 12 304 ± 80 3.7 ± 0.8 205 ± 43 2.8 ± 1.4 3.7 ± 0.7 0.7 ± 0.3

SWA 6 233 ± 38 6.6 ± 0.8 187 ± 28 0.1 ± 0.0 5.8 ± 0.6 0.9 ± 0.8

Average 44 233 ± 52 5.9 ± 1.6 144 ± 25 1.2 ± 0.8 3.8 ± 0.5 0.5 ± 0.4

2004 TUT 22 200 ± 52 5.9 ± 1.3 85 ± 14 0.3 ± 0.1 2.0 ± 0.4 0.1 ± 0.1

OFU/OLO 8 295 ± 87 7.5 ± 4.4 207 ± 50 0.8 ± 0.5 5.7 ± 0.7 2.6 ± 2.5

TAU 9 146 ± 38 3.4 ± 0.7 91 ± 20 0.5 ± 0.5 4.1 ± 0.7 0.2 ± 0.1

ROS 14 421 ± 94 6.4 ± 1.3 293 ± 47 5.9 ± 3.9 7.6 ± 1.0 0.3 ± 0.2

SWA 8 527 ± 132 5.6 ± 1.0 452 ± 62 0.1 ± 0.1 6.2 ± 1.1 0.4 ± 0.2

Average 61 318 ± 81 5.8 ± 1.8 226 ± 38 1.5 ± 1.0 5.1 ± 0.8 0.7 ± 0.6

2006 TUT 22 93 ± 15 2.0 ± 0.4 50 ± 6 0.4 ± 0.3 0.8 ± 0.2 0.2 ± 0.2

OFU/OLO 12 201 ± 53 1.9 ± 0.4 132 ± 38 0.4 ± 0.1 3.3 ± 0.5 0.1 ± 0.0

TAU 9 172 ± 36 2.7 ± 0.6 112 ± 19 0.6 ± 0.6 4.6 ± 0.4 0

ROS 14 428 ± 94 2.8 ± 1.0 321 ± 44 4.5 ± 3.8 3.8 ± 0.6 0.4 ± 0.4

SWA 8 142 ± 46 2.4 ± 0.6 87 ± 15 0.1 ± 0.0 2.8 ± 0.4 2.6 ± 2.4

Average 65 207 ± 49 2.4 ± 0.6 140 ± 25 1.2 ± 1.0 3.1 ± 0.4 0.6 ± 0.6

All-years average 253 ± 61 4.7 ± 1.3 170 ± 29 1.3 ± 0.9 4.0 ± 0.6 0.6 ± 0.5

Year Island n Parrotfish Snapper Surgeonfish Triggerfish Wrasse Others

2002 TUT 14 5.7 ± 3.0 1.6 ± 0.4 81 ± 27 2.4 ± 0.6 13 ± 2 13 ± 2

OFU/OLO 6 4.9 ± 1.0 6.1 ± 2.2 51 ± 5 2.8 ± 0.7 27 ± 3 35 ± 10

TAU 6 6.6 ± 2.3 2.9 ± 1.6 28 ± 9 5.4 ± 1.8 27 ± 2 25 ± 6

ROS 12 8.9 ± 4.9 13.1 ± 9.0 42 ± 12 1.7 ± 0.4 22 ± 2 19 ± 6

SWA 6 0.1 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.2 9 ± 1 4.7 ± 0.6 18 ± 3 17 ± 3

Average 44 5.3 ± 2.2 5.0 ± 2.7 42 ± 11 3.4 ± 0.8 21 ± 2 22 ± 5

2004 TUT 22 2.9 ± 0.6 1.7 ± 1.0 87 ± 26 3.0 ± 1.4 12 ± 1 22 ± 6

OFU/OLO 8 2.7 ± 0.5 3.0 ± 1.1 35 ± 7 4.1 ± 1.1 26 ± 3 55 ± 16

TAU 9 1.4 ± 0.6 4.0 ± 1.9 19 ± 4 4.9 ± 2.3 17 ± 3 21 ± 5

ROS 14 5.7 ± 1.4 11.3 ± 6.2 66 ± 14 2.5 ± 0.4 23 ± 2 64 ± 17

SWA 8 0.4 ± 0.2 1.4 ± 0.4 18 ± 4 7.5 ± 1.9 35 ± 6 189 ± 56

Average 61 2.6 ± 0.7 4.3 ± 2.1 45 ± 11 4.4 ± 1.4 23 ± 3 70 ± 20

2006 TUT 22 2.3 ± 0.7 0.3 ± 0.1 27 ± 3 1.6 ± 0.8 8 ± 1 9 ± 2

OFU/OLO 12 3.5 ± 1.0 2.4 ± 1.0 34 ± 3 1.3 ± 0.4 22 ± 3 21 ± 6

TAU 9 0.8 ± 0.3 1.5 ± 0.5 24 ± 5 2.3 ± 0.4 23 ± 4 25 ± 6

ROS 14 14.2 ± 9.8 10.9 ± 7.8 51 ± 15 1.5 ± 0.3 18 ± 2 21 ± 8

SWA 8 0.3 ± 0.1 1.4 ± 0.4 19 ± 8 4.2 ± 0.5 22 ± 3 53 ± 15

Average 65 4.2 ± 2.4 3.3 ± 1.9 31 ± 7 2.2 ± 0.5 19 ± 3 26 ± 7

All-years average 4.0 ± 1.8 4.2 ± 2.2 39 ± 9 3.3 ± 0.9 21 ± 3 39 ± 11
APPENDICES

A-22

Table IV.iv. Large fish densities (total length > 50 cm; count per hectare) in American 

Samoa, measured on fish belts.

Year Island n Total Barracuda Jack Grouper Parrotfish Shark

2002 TUT 13 6 ± 5 1.38 ± 1.45 2.00 ± 

1.88

0.06 ± 

0.06

0.44 ± 

0.21

0.12 ± 

0.05

OFU/

OLO 13 6 ± 3 0.14 ± 0.08 0.20 ± 0.08

0.07 ± 

0.07

2.88 ± 

1.28

0.30 ± 

0.20

TAU 8 4 ± 2 0 0.22 ± 

0.08

0.28 ± 

0.22

1.43 ± 

0.31

0.11 ± 

0.07

ROS 17 31 ± 

20

15.54 ± 

10.64

8.86 ± 

7.13

0.05 ± 

0.04

0.96 ± 

0.46

0.34 ± 

0.16

SWA 9 62 ± 

24

30.47 ± 

9.66

17.13 ± 

7.94

0.09 ± 

0.06

0.40 ± 

0.15

0.53 ± 

0.36

Average 60 22 ± 

11 9.51 ± 4.37 5.68 ± 3.42

0.11 ± 

0.09

1.22 ± 

0.48

0.28 ± 

0.17

2004 TUT 43 7 ± 2 1.45 ± 0.92 0.30 ± 

0.09

0.12 ± 

0.04

1.70 ± 

0.37

0.09 ± 

0.04

OFU/

OLO 18 5 ± 3 1.22 ± 1.22 0.17 ± 0.11 0 1.83 ± 0.53

0.10 ± 

0.04

TAU 18 4 ± 2 0.02 ± 0.02 0.07 ± 

0.05

0.07 ± 

0.04

1.64 ± 

0.47

0.10 ± 

0.07

ROS 22 20 ± 

17 0.73 ± 0.77 14.46 ± 14.80

0.02 ± 

0.02

1.14 ± 

0.41

0.26 ± 

0.11

SWA 14 28 ± 

16

10.79 ± 

6.17

6.51 ± 

6.34 0 0.63 ± 0.28

0.03 ± 

0.03

Average 115 13 ± 8 2.84 ± 1.82 4.30 ± 

4.28

0.04 ± 

0.02

1.39 ± 

0.41

0.12 ± 

0.06

2006 TUT 44 5 ± 3 0.75 ± 0.61 2.61 ± 

1.89

0.10 ± 

0.03

0.61 ± 

0.14

0.05 ± 

0.03

OFU/

OLO 17 6 ± 2 0.63 ± 0.57 0.49 ± 0.28

0.05 ± 

0.04

1.96 ± 

0.49

0.33 ± 

0.13

TAU 15 8 ± 4 2.44 ± 1.82 0.97 ± 

0.69 0 2.44 ± 0.53

0.15 ± 

0.09

ROS 21 14 ± 

10 6.21 ± 6.18 3.25 ± 2.56 0 0.90 ± 0.23

0.27 ± 

0.10

SWA 9 75 ± 

57

10.71 ± 

6.32

59.05 ± 

48.86 0 0.44 ± 0.15

0.39 ± 

0.25

Average 106 21 ± 

15 4.15 ± 3.10 13.27 ± 10.86

0.03 ± 

0.01

1.27 ± 

0.31

0.24 ± 

0.12

All-years average 19 ± 

11 5.50 ± 3.10 7.75 ± 6.19

0.06 ± 

0.04

1.29 ± 

0.40

0.21 ± 

0.12
APPENDICES

A-23

Year Island Snapper Surgeonfish Triggerfish Tuna Wrasse Others

2002 TUT 0.41 ± 

0.34 0.41 ± 0.29 0.03 ± 0.03 0.32 ± 0.31

0.18 ± 

0.09

0.66 ± 

0.31

OFU/

OLO

1.80 ± 

0.64 0.20 ± 0.09 0.17 ± 0.06 0.03 ± 0.03

0.17 ± 

0.11

0.43 ± 

0.24

TAU 1.10 ± 

0.42 0.77 ± 0.42 0.17 ± 0.12

0 0.17 ± 

0.12

0.04 ± 

0.29

ROS 3.78 ± 

0.81 0.91 ± 0.38 0.41 ± 0.20

0 0.08 ± 

0.04

0.34 ± 

0.56

SWA 11.05 ± 

4.66 1.01 ± 0.43 0.09 ± 0.09

0 0.18 ± 

0.14

0.70 ± 

0.05

Average 3.63 ± 

1.38 0.66 ± 0.32 0.17 ± 0.10 0.07 ± 0.07

0.15 ± 

0.10

0.43 ± 

0.29

2004 TUT 0.42 ± 

0.09 1.04 ± 0.25 0.05 ± 0.03 0.01 ± 0.01

0.10 ± 

0.05

1.92 ± 

0.21

OFU/

OLO

0.88 ± 

0.30 0.61 ± 0.34

00 0.10 ± 

0.04

0.32 ± 

0.45

TAU 0.46 ± 

0.17 1.00 ± 0.51 0.05 ± 0.03

0 0.17 ± 

0.09

0.20 ± 

0.47

ROS 1.47 ± 

0.37 1.06 ± 0.38 0.07 ± 0.05

0 0.02 ± 

0.02

0.53 ± 

0.16

SWA 4.28 ± 

1.00 5.00 ± 1.50 0.13 ± 0.06

0 0.22 ± 

0.09

0.51 ± 

0.80

Average 1.50 ± 

0.39 1.74 ± 0.59 0.06 ± 0.03

0 0.12 ± 

0.06

0.70 ± 

0.42

2006 TUT 0.17 ± 

0.05 0.11 ± 0.04 0.06 ± 0.03 0.03 ± 0.02

0.09 ± 

0.03

0.34 ± 

0.22

OFU/

OLO

1.40 ± 

0.47 0.14 ± 0.06 0.23 ± 0.08 0.05 ± 0.04

0.10 ± 

0.05

0.38 ± 

0.10

TAU 1.03 ± 

0.20 0.23 ± 0.15 0.23 ± 0.09 0.06 ± 0.04

0.26 ± 

0.08

0.17 ± 

0.43

ROS 1.97 ± 

0.59 0.31 ± 0.10 0.27 ± 0.16 0.08 ± 0.04

0 0.38 ± 

0.19

SWA 1.96 ± 

0.29 1.61 ± 0.51 0.10 ± 0.10

0 0.44 ± 

0.15

0.10 ± 

0.31

Average 1.30 ± 

0.32 0.48 ± 0.17 0.18 ± 0.09 0.04 ± 0.03

0.18 ± 

0.06

0.27 ± 

0.25

All-years average 2.14 ± 

0.69 0.96 ± 0.36 0.14 ± 0.07 0.04 ± 0.03

0.15 ± 

0.07

0.47 ± 

0.32
APPENDICES

A-24