Cover: Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 

2000
Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals 

at Municipal Industrial Parks in 

Puerto Rico, 2000

By José M. Rodríguez

Prepared in cooperation with the

PUERTO RICO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT COMPARY

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5029
U.S. Department of the Interior

Gale A. Norton, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Charles G. Groat, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2004

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services

Box 25286, Denver Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

For more information about the USGS and its products:

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/

Suggested citation:

Rodríguez, J.M., 2004, Assessment of ground-water withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000: U.S. 

Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5029, 73 p.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government.
iv 

Contents

Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Aquifer units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Site visits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Hydrogeologic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Well characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Ground-water availability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Hydrogeologic characteristics of aquifers underlying industrial parks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Fissured aquifers (non-intergranular). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Intergranular aquifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Eastern Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Western Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Southern Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Interior Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Island municipios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Intergranular unit overlying fissured rock unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

North Coast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

South Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Southwest Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Strata with limited and local ground-water resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Well characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Potential effects of industrial ground-water withdrawals on availability of surface- and 

ground-water resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

References Cited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figures

1. Index map for figures 3 through 34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2. Correlation of geologic and hydrogeologic units of Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3-34. Maps showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near

3. Aguadilla and Isabela, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4. Quebradillas and Lares, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

5. Camuy and Hatillo, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

6. Arecibo, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

7. Barceloneta, Manatí, Florida, and Ciales, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

8. Vega Baja, Vega Alta, Morovis, and Corozal, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

9. Dorado, Toa Baja, Toa Alta, and Naranjito, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

10. Bayamón and Guaynabo, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

11. Cataño, San Juan, and Carolina, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

12. Río Grande, Luquillo, and Fajardo, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
 v

13. Ceiba and Naguabo, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

14. Humacao, Yabucoa, and Maunabo, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

15. Rincón, Aguada, and Moca, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

16. San Sebastián, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

17. Mayagüez and Añasco, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

18. Las Marías, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

19. Hormigueros, Lajas, and Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

20. Maricao, Sabana Grande, and San Germán, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

21. Peñuelas, Guayanilla, Yauco, and Guánica, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

22. Villalba, Juana Díaz, and Ponce, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

23. Coamo, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

24. Salinas and Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

25. Guayama, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

26. Patillas and Arroyo, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

27. Utuado, Adjuntas, and Jayuya, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

28. Orocovis, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

29. Barranquitas, Comerío, Aibonito, and Cayey, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

30. Cidra, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

31. Aguas Buenas, Caguas, Gurabo, Juncos, San Lorenzo, and Las Piedras, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . 60

32. Trujillo Alto, Canóvanas, and Loíza, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

33. Isla de Vieques, Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

34. Isla de Culebra, Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

35-38. Graphs showing:

35. Ground-water withdrawals at Puerto Rico industrial parks by hydrogeologic unit . . . . . . . . . . . 64

36. Ground-water withdrawals at Puerto Rico industrial parks by industrial group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

37. Ground-water withdrawals within or near municipal industrial parks by 

hydrogeologic unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

38. Ground-water levels at selected observation wells in Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Tables

1. References used to compile hydrogeologic characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3. Characteristics of wells near industrial parks in Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
vi 

Conversion Factors, Datum, and Acronyms

*Transmissivity: The standard unit for transmissivity is cubic foot per day per square foot times 

foot of aquifer thickness [(ft3

/d)/ft2]ft. In this report, the mathematically reduced form, foot 

squared per day (ft2

/d), is used for convenience.

Vertical Datum

Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 

of 1929) - a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of the 

United States and Canada, formerly called "Sea Level Datum of 1929". 

Acronyms used in this report:

GPS Global Positioning System

NCLA North Coast Limestone Aquifer

NCLP North Coast Limestone Province

PRASA Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority

PRDNER Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources

PRIDCO Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company

PWSS Public Water Supply System

USGS U.S. Geological Survey

Multiply By To obtain

Length

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Area

square foot (ft2) 0.09290 square meter (m2)

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2)

Flow rate

foot per year (ft/yr) 0.3048 meter per year (m/yr)

cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

gallon per minute (gal/min) 0.06309 liter per second (L/s)

gallon per day (gal/d) 0.003785 cubic meter per day (m3/d)

gallon per day per square mile

 (gal/d-mi2)

 0.001461 cubic meter per day per square 

 kilometer (m3/d-km2)

million gallons per day (Mgal/d) 0.04381 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

Specific capacity

gallon per minute per foot

 (gal/min-ft)

 0.2070 liter per second per meter (L/s-m)

Transmissivity*

foot squared per day (ft2/d) 0.09290 meter squared per day (m2/d)
Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal 

Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

By José M. Rodríguez

Abstract

An assessment of ground-water withdrawals at municipal 

industrial parks throughout Puerto Rico was conducted to 

investigate the effect of ground-water usage on nearby surfaceand ground-water resources. Water-bearing strata were divided 

into four generalized hydrogeologic units: (1) fissured aquifers 

(including karst and non-karst limestone); (2) intergranular 

aquifers; (3) intergranular aquifers overlying fissured rock 

units; and (4) strata with local or limited ground-water 

resources. Approximately 49 percent of the municipal industrial 

parks are located in areas with local or limited ground-water 

resources, 29 percent overlie intergranular aquifers, 13 percent 

overlie fissured aquifers, and 9 percent overlie intergranular 

units that overlie fissured rock units. 

Hydrogeologic data for the generalized hydrogeologic 

units were compiled from published U.S. Geological Survey 

reports. Depths to ground water near industrial parks range from 

approximately 20 to 400 feet in the fissured aquifers, 6 to 65 

feet in coastal intergranular aquifers, 3 to 30 feet in 

intergranular aquifers overlying fissured rock units, and 1 to 

100 feet in strata with local or limited ground-water resources. 

Aquifer transmissivities near industrial parks range from 

approximately 100,000 feet squared per day in the fissured 

aquifers to less than 100 feet squared per day in the strata with 

local or limited ground-water resources.

Well construction data were compiled from published U.S. 

Geological Survey reports, drillers’ logs, and unpublished 

reports. Specific capacity for wells near industrial parks ranges 

from approximately 100 gallons per minute per foot of 

drawdown in the fissured aquifer at Manatí to approximately 

0.1 gallon per minute per foot of drawdown in strata with local 

and limited ground-water resources at Bayamón. Reported well 

yields near industrial parks ranges from 2,800 gallons per 

minute in the intergranular aquifer at Santa Isabel to 

approximately 3 gallons per minute in strata with local and 

limited ground-water resources at Adjuntas.

Historical ground-water-level data from U.S. Geological 

Survey observation wells were used to define ground-water 

levels trends in the vicinity of industrial parks. Areas showing 

ground-water level declines, and therefore possible aquifer 

over-development, are located in Barceloneta and Guayama. 

Rising ground-water levels were noted in the vicinity of 

industrial parks at Florida, Ponce, and Yauco. 

Ground-water withdrawal data were compiled from site 

visits to the industrial facilities and from information provided 

by Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental 

Resources. Total ground-water withdrawal at the municipal 

industrial parks was estimated to be 1.6 million gallons per day. 

Most withdrawals were from intergranular coastal aquifers, 

which accounted for about two thirds of the ground-water 

withdrawals. Municipal industrial parks with substantial 

ground-water withdrawals are located in Bayamón, Caguas, 

Humacao, and Ponce.

Introduction

Municipal industrial parks are designated areas with the 

industrial infrastructure to support light industrial 

establishments and are located in every municipio (municipio is 

generally equivalent to a county in the contiguous United 

States) in Puerto Rico. There are more than 250 industrial parks 

in Puerto Rico and 68 of 78 municipalities have more than one 

industrial park. Approximately 25 of these industrial parks have 

industries with at least one well. Ground-water withdrawals 

from these wells may affect other public and private users. To 

address this issue, the United States Geological Survey 

(USGS), Caribbean District, in cooperation with the Puerto 

Rico Industrial Development Company (PRIDCO) designed an 

investigation to examine if and to what degree ground-water 

withdrawals from municipal industrial parks impact publicsupply water, by either streamflow capture or overdraft of 

aquifers.

This report presents data on ground-water withdrawals for 

facilities located in municipal industrial parks. These data were 

obtained during site visits to the facilities and from records 

provided by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and 

Environmental Resources (PRDNER). The assessment includes 

industrial parks throughout Puerto Rico and island municipios 

(fig. 1, see page 30, figures are at the end of report). Sitespecific data were collected during calendar year 2000. 

Hydrogeologic and well data for sites in and around industrial 

parks were utilized to estimate the effect on ground-water 

availability, due to ground-water withdrawals from industrial 

parks. This information will provide water-resource managers 

with a comprehensive database that will enhance understanding 

of the ground-water resources. Water-resource planners can use 

this information in their decision-making process to make 

informed decisions on further development of ground-water 

resources.
2 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Methods

This section describes the methodology utilized to collect 

and present the data obtained during this investigation. The 

methods are described for the collection and presentation of 

data on characteristics of the hydrogeologic units, site visits, 

well characteristics, and ground-water availability.

Aquifer Units

For the purpose of this investigation, water-bearing 

(producing) strata in Puerto Rico and two island municipios 

were divided into generalized hydrogeologic units described by

Gómez-Gómez (U.S. Geological Survey, unpublished data, 

1990). These hydrogeologic units include fissured aquifers 

including karst and non-karst limestone, intergranular 

(unlithified clastic) aquifers, intergranular aquifers overlying 

fissured rock aquifers, and strata with local and limited groundwater resources (inland areas underlain by volcaniclastic, 

plutonic, and serpentinite rocks; and coastal areas underlain by 

swamp and marsh deposits). Figure 1 presents an index map of 

figures 3-34 that show the location of municipal industrial parks 

and hydrogeologic units.

The fissured aquifers or karst aquifers are principally 

located along the north coast and some parts of the southwest 

coast and are constituted by karst and non-karst limestone.

Intergranular aquifers include the alluvial valley deposits in the 

coastal and interior parts of Puerto Rico. The alluvial valley 

deposits along the coast overlying fissured rock units are 

hydraulically interconnected and comprise a single aquifer.

The hydrogeologic units with local or limited groundwater resources are primarily composed of volcaniclastic, 

igneous, and metamorphic rocks. These hydrogeologic units are 

located chiefly in central Puerto Rico and eastern parts of the 

north coast. The plutonic intrusive rocks are extensive in the 

southeast between Caguas and Humacao and also in the center 

of the island near Utuado and Jayuya, serpentinite rocks are 

located in the southwest between Yauco and Mayagüez, and 

swamp and marsh deposits are located in low-lying areas near 

the coast. The plutonic intrusives and serpentenite rocks are 

classified as strata with local or limited ground-water resources.

Site Visits

Site visits to industrial parks in 28 municipios were 

conducted to validate information provided by the PRDNER 

and to corroborate data in USGS files. During the site visits, 

well locations were verified utilizing a Global Positioning 

System (GPS), and well construction, ground-water 

withdrawal, and ground-water-level data were collected. 

Hydrogeologic Characteristics

For each of the hydrogeologic units, the data source is 

from published USGS reports (table 1). Well data were obtained 

from USGS and the PRDNER well files, and site visits to 

selected areas. The hydrogeologic data include the generalized 

hydrogeologic units, aquifer transmissivity, estimated thickness 

of the saturated zone, sources of recharge (surface-water or 

rainfall infiltration), dissolved solids concentrations, and 

ground-water-level trends within an area.

Table 1. References used to compile hydrogeologic characteristics.

[NCLA, North Coast Limestone Aquifer] 

Area Reference

NCLA (Aguadilla to Camuy) Rodríguez-Martínez, 1995; Tucci and Martínez, 1995

NCLA (Camuy to Manatí) Rodríguez-Martínez, 1995; Torres-González and others, 1996; Quiñones-Aponte, 1986a; TorresGonzález, 1985

NCLA (Manatí to San Juan) Cherry, 2001; Gómez-Gómez, 1984; Gómez-Gómez and Torres-Sierra, 1988; Rodríguez-Martínez, 

1995; Torres-González and Díaz, 1984

Río Grande to Fajardo Pérez-Blair, 1997

Naguabo to Maunabo Adolphson and others, 1977; Graves, 1989

Patillas to Ponce Gómez-Gómez, 1990; McClymonds, 1972; McClymonds and Díaz, 1972; Quiñones-Aponte and 

others, 1997

Peñuelas to Lajas Crooks and others, 1968; Graves, 1991; Grossman and others, 1972; Quiñones-Aponte, 1986b

Hormigueros to Rincón Colón-Dieppa and Quiñones-Márquez, 1985; Díaz and Jordan, 1987

Other Briggs and Akers, 1965; Gómez-Gómez and others, 2001; Olcott, 1997; Puig and Rodríguez, 1990; 

Rodríguez-Martínez and others, 2001; Torres-González, 1989
Hydrogeologic Characteristics of Aquifers Underlying Industrial Parks 3

Well Characteristics 

Specific capacity is the yield per unit of drawdown in a 

well, usually expressed as gallons of water per foot of 

drawdown (gal/min-ft), after a given time has elapsed. Specific 

capacity of a well varies with the duration of the discharge 

(Driscoll, 1987). Specific capacities of wells utilized in this 

study were estimated utilizing data from published USGS 

reports, drillers’ logs and reports, and data accessible in the 

USGS Ground Water Site Inventory (GWSI) database. The 

specific-capacity data were used to estimate aquifer 

transmissivities using methods described by Theis and others 

(1963). The specific capacity of a well can be used as a basis for 

estimating the transmissivity of an aquifer; however this 

estimate is limited because the specific capacity is affected by 

factors such as diameter of the well, depth to which the well 

extends into the aquifer, type and amount of perforations in the 

well casing, and the extent to which the well has been developed 

(Theis and others, 1963). Transmissivity estimates presented in 

USGS reports are compiled in this report. Potential well yields 

were estimated using yields in USGS reports and well 

construction records. The generalized hydrogeologic units, 

location of industrial parks, and well locations are archived in a 

Geographic Information System (GIS) to facilitate future 

investigations.

Ground-Water Availability

Ground-water levels from 19 observation wells operated 

by the USGS were used to establish long-term trends. Lowest 

annual ground-water levels were used to evaluate the groundwater trends. Periods of record for the observation wells ranged 

from 3 to 16 years. Eight observation wells are located in 

fissured aquifers and eleven are located in intergranular 

aquifers.

Ground-water levels showing declining trends may be 

indicative of depletion of aquifer storage. Conversely, groundwater levels showing rising trends may be indicative of 

increased aquifer storage. Ground-water levels showing no 

trend may indicate the ground-water system is in a state of 

relative equilibrium with little or no change in aquifer storage 

conditions.

The rate of flow for ground water in one sub-basin with 

hydrogeologic units that have local or limited ground-water 

resources was estimated for one inland area where municipal 

industrial parks are located. The estimated ground-water flow 

rate was calculated utilizing surface-water low-flow data. The 

range between the Q-98 and Q-90 low-flow surface-water rates 

were utilized to approximate the ground-water flow rate for the 

aquifer within the sub-basin. The Q-98 and Q-90 surface-water 

flow duration rates for a basin are flow-rate values that are equal 

to or exceeded 98 to 90 percent of the time, respectively. The 

use of low-flow values to estimate ground-water flow rate 

assumes that: (1) ground water in the basin discharges entirely 

into a stream and its tributaries; and (2) ground-water discharge 

into the stream and tributaries is restricted to aquifer(s) in the 

corresponding drainage basin(s). 

Some industrial parks are located in areas known to have 

poor (or no) ground-water availability. In areas where groundwater data are limited, the estimates of ground-water yields are 

based on data obtained from areas with similar hydrogeologic 

characteristics. In areas with poor ground-water availability, the 

proximity (500 feet (ft) or less) of streams to the municipal 

industrial park was considered as a possible source of groundwater flow to wells. Information presented in this report 

includes hydrogeologic properties of the aquifer, well 

characteristics, and availability of fresh or saline water for 

municipal industrial parks located over alluvial and fissured 

aquifers, and areas with unreliable public water supply.

Public water-supply systems (PWSS) that may be affected 

by industrial ground-water withdrawals were identified for this 

investigation. 

Hydrogeologic Characteristics of Aquifers 

Underlying Industrial Parks

The simplified division of Puerto Rico into generalized 

hydrogeologic units, defined by Gómez-Gómez (U.S. 

Geological Survey, unpublished data, 1990) was used to 

describe the aquifers underlying the industrial parks. A 

correlation of the geologic units and principal aquifers in Puerto 

Rico is presented in figure 2. The generalized hydrogeologic 

units underlying the industrial parks are presented in figures 3 

through 34. A general description of the hydrogeological 

properties of the aquifers within or near the municipal industrial 

parks is presented in table 2 by municipio in alphabetical order 

(see page 12).

Fissured Aquifers (non-intergranular)

Generally, fissured aquifers (non-intergranular) consist of 

karst and non-karst rock units along the north coast of Puerto 

Rico from Aguadilla to Loíza (figs. 3 through 11) and in 

southwestern Puerto Rico from Lajas to Ponce (figs. 19 through 

22). The North Coast Limestone Province (NCLP) aquifer 

system, along the north coast, comprises the Upper and Lower 

Aquifer. The Upper Aquifer contains water mostly under 

unconfined conditions in the Aymamón and Los Puertos 

Limestones, primarily as a lens of freshwater north (seaward) of 

latitude 18o25’00”. The Lower Aquifer consists of the 

Montebello Limestone Member of the Cibao Formation and the 

Lares Limestone (Rodríguez-Martínez, 1995). The Montebello 

Limestone Member of the Cibao Formation is important locally 

as a source of ground water between Río Grande de Arecibo and 

Río Grande de Manatí. In general, the Lower Aquifer is 

unconfined south (landward) of latitude 18o24’00” and fully 
4 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

confined north of latitude 18o25’00”, where the Lower Aquifer 

underlies an unnamed confining unit designated as the upper 

member of the Cibao Formation (Rodríguez-Martínez, 1995). 

The San Sebastián Formation constitutes the basal confining 

unit of the Lower Aquifer. West of the municipality of Arecibo 

(figs. 1 and 6), the Lower Aquifer is fragmented and 

heterogeneous with the Montebello Limestone Member of the 

Cibao Formation and the Lares Limestone grading to the less 

permeable members of the Cibao Formation and the San 

Sebastián Formation.

 In southwest Puerto Rico, the fissured aquifers are in the 

Ponce Limestone of Miocene age (along coastal areas) and 

Upper Cretaceous limestones bordering the Lajas Valley 

(Graves, 1991) (fig. 20). However, few wells tap these 

limestone units exclusively. Wells completed in these limestone 

units receive water from the overlying intergranular deposits.

The potentiometric surface of the Upper Aquifer from 

Aguadilla to Camuy is generally less than 10 ft above mean sea 

level (amsl) (Renken and Gómez-Gómez, 1994) (figs. 3 to 5). 

Locally, this would place the depth to ground water in the range 

of 100 to 400 ft below land surface (bls). East of Arecibo, the 

potentiometric surface in the Upper Aquifer is generally not 

greater than 10 ft amsl, but may have been as much as 20 ft amsl 

prior to large scale ground-water withdrawals that commenced 

after 1960 (Gómez-Gómez and Torres-Sierra, 1988; Cherry, 

2001)(figs. 6 and 7). The depth to water in the Upper Aquifer 

ranges from 400 ft bls near Quebradillas to about 40 ft bls near 

Arecibo (figs. 4 and 6).

The transmissivity of the Upper Aquifer in northwest 

Puerto Rico varies substantially. Along the north to south extent 

of the aquifer, the highest transmissivities are found where the 

freshwater lens is thickest. This exists where streams and 

wetlands are more distant from the Upper Aquifer recharge 

sources. Estimates of transmissivity within these areas range 

from 10,000 to greater than 100,000 feet squared per day (ft2/d) 

(Olcott, 1997). Along any north-to-south transect, the 

transmissivity approaches zero near inland areas where the 

Upper Aquifer pinches-out against the upper member of the 

Cibao Formation or volcaniclastic rocks; the transmissivity is 

less than 10,000 ft2/d along the coast, where the freshwater lens 

thins-out. Transmissivity of the Lower Aquifer is greatest in the 

area within the municipios of Barceloneta and Florida (fig. 8), 

but does not exceed 3,000 ft2/d (F. Gómez-Gómez, U.S. 

Geological Survey, written commun., 2001). Outside this 

geographic area, transmissivity is generally not greater than 500 

ft2/d (Olcott, 1997). Transmissivity estimates for the fissured 

aquifers in southwest Puerto Rico are unavailable, because few 

wells tap these units exclusively.

The Upper Aquifer is absent in some parts of San Juan, and 

where present, it is very thin and ground-water yields are small 

(Rodríguez-Martínez, 1995). In the Loíza area, the Upper 

Aquifer is about 750 ft thick (Rodríguez-Martínez, 1995) 

(fig. 11 and 32). However, the freshwater portion of the aquifer 

in the coastal zones of San Juan and Loíza is less than 30 ft thick 

(Rodríguez-Martínez, 1995) (figs. 11 and 32). The Lower 

Aquifer in the San Juan area is composed mostly by the 

Mucarabones Sand, which consists of sandstone and gravel 

(Rodríguez-Martínez, 1995).

Aquifer transmissivity estimates for the Lower Aquifer, 

obtained from specific-capacity data near the industrial parks of 

San Juan, range from 2,000 to 3,000 ft2/d. Depth to water in the 

Lower Aquifer near the industrial parks range from about 9 to 

18 ft bls in San Juan to about 6 ft bls in Carolina. Depth to water 

in the Upper Aquifer in Loíza is about 3 ft bls.

Intergranular Aquifers

The intergranular aquifers are present in the alluvial 

deposits that fill bedrock valleys in the interior and coastal areas 

of Puerto Rico. Intergranular aquifers of eastern, southern, 

western, interior, and island municipios of Puerto Rico have 

distinct hydrogeologic properties, and therefore are discussed 

separately. 

Eastern Puerto Rico

 Industrial parks within alluvial valleys are located in 

eastern Puerto Rico within the municipios of Fajardo, Ceiba, 

Naguabo, Humacao, Yabucoa, and Maunabo (figs. 12 through 

14). The thickness of the alluvial deposits near the industrial 

parks ranges from approximately 170 ft in Fajardo (industrial 

park and number, IP-099), 100 ft in Humacao, and about 180 ft 

in Maunabo (figs. 12 through 14). 

The potentiometric surface of the alluvial aquifers near the 

industrial parks in the Fajardo to Humacao area ranges from 20 

to 50 ft amsl (figs. 12 through 14). The potentiometric surface 

in these alluvial valleys indicate that the direction of the groundwater flow is towards the streams (Adolphson and others, 1977; 

Graves, 1989; and Perez-Blair, 1997). The depth to water near 

the industrial parks in the alluvial aquifer ranges from 

approximately 12 ft bls in Fajardo to 22 ft bls in Humacao.

Transmissivity estimates for the alluvial aquifers range 

from approximately 100 to 2,500 ft2

/d in Fajardo (Pérez-Blair, 

1997), from about 500 to 2,000 ft2

/d in Humacao and Naguabo 

(Graves, 1989), from 1,000 to 7,000 in Yabucoa (Renken and 

others, 2002), and from about 1,000 to 8,000 ft2

/d in Maunabo 

(Adolphson and others, 1977). A transmissivity estimate from 

specific capacity data from the PRASA Calzada well (fig. 14) 

near an industrial park in Maunabo is 8,500 ft2

/d, which is 

consistent with previous estimates.

Western Puerto Rico

The industrial parks located in alluvial valleys in western 

Puerto Rico are in the municipios of Añasco, Mayagüez, 

Hormigueros, San Germán, and Sabana Grande (figs. 17, 19, 

and 20). The potentiometric surface in the Río Guanajibo 
Hydrogeologic Characteristics of Aquifers Underlying Industrial Parks 5

Valley near Hormigueros and San Germán is about 7 and 40 ft 

amsl, respectively (Colón-Dieppa and Quiñones-Márquez, 

1985). The potentiometric surface in the Río de Añasco Valley 

near Añasco is about 15 ft amsl (Díaz and Jordan, 1987). The 

depth to water near the municipal industrial parks is reported to 

be about 5 ft bls in Mayagüez and about 25 ft bls in San Germán. 

According to the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority 

(PRASA) Guanajibo well records, the thickness of the alluvial 

deposits near IP-198 in Sabana Grande is reported to be as much 

as 105 ft. A transmissivity of 2,800 ft2

/d was estimated from 

specific capacity data from PRASA Guanajibo well (fig. 20) in 

Sabana Grande.

Southern Puerto Rico

The South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer (SCPAA), 

which underlies the municipios from Ponce to Patillas (figs. 22 

through 26), includes six alluvial fans that form a continuous 

alluvial plain (Renken and Gómez, 1994). The potentiometric 

surface near the industrial parks is less than 10 ft amsl from 

Santa Isabel to Arroyo, and is about 50 ft amsl in Patillas. The 

depth to the water table in the alluvial aquifer at these industrial 

parks from Patillas to Santa Isabel range from 9 to 39 ft bls.

Aquifer transmissivities in the SCPAA near the industrial 

parks are estimated to be 5,000 ft2/d in Santa Isabel, from 5,000 

to 30,000 ft2

/d in Salinas, and from less than 500 to 5,000 ft2/d 

in Guayama (Quiñones-Aponte and others, 1997). In Arroyo 

and Patillas, the estimated transmissivities in the alluvial 

aquifer range from less than 2,000 to 25,000 ft2/d.

 The freshwater lens in these aquifers is thickest near Santa 

Isabel, where the thickness is approximately 400 ft (Renken and 

others, 2002). Near the industrial parks in Salinas, the 

freshwater lens thickness ranges from 100 to 260 ft (Renken and 

others, 2002). The freshwater lens thickness is less than 65 ft in 

Guayama and Patillas, and approximately 70 ft in Arroyo. 

Almost all principal streams in the Salinas to Patillas area are 

intermittent in the upper portions of the alluvial fans. This is 

related to the high permeability of the deposits along the stream 

reaches, which are composed of coarse gravel and boulders 

(Quiñones-Aponte and others, 1997). 

Interior Puerto Rico

The principal alluvial valleys in interior Puerto Rico are 

the Caguas-Juncos valley and the Cayey valley (figs. 29 and 

31). The Caguas-Juncos valley includes part of the municipios 

of Caguas, Gurabo, and Juncos. The potentiometric surface in 

the Caguas-Juncos alluvial valley near the industrial parks 

ranges from 160 to 200 ft amsl in the Caguas area and 140 to 

170 ft amsl in the Gurabo and Juncos areas (Puig and 

Rodríguez, 1990). The potentiometric surface indicates that the 

ground-water flow direction in the Caguas-Juncos valley is 

generally toward stream channels (Puig and Rodríguez, 1990). 

The thickness of the alluvial deposits near the industrial areas in 

Caguas ranges from about 45 to 90 ft (Puig and Rodríguez, 

1990). In the Caguas area, the alluvial aquifer is in contact with 

weathered volcanic bedrock, which may serve as a source of 

additional ground water. The thickness of the alluvial deposits 

in the Gurabo and Juncos areas ranges from 50 to approximately 

100 ft (Puig and Rodríguez, 1990). Depth to water in the 

alluvial aquifer ranges from 18 to 36 ft bls near the industrial 

parks in Caguas, 14 to 39 ft bls near Gurabo and Juncos, and 

from 28 to 37 ft bls near the industrial areas in Cayey. 

The transmissivity of the aquifer near the industrial areas 

of Caguas is estimated to be less than 500 ft2

/d (Puig and 

Rodríguez, 1990). Aquifer transmissivities in the alluvial 

aquifer near industrial parks located in the Gurabo and Juncos 

areas of the Caguas-Juncos valley were estimated to range from 

less than 500 to less than 1,000 ft2/d (Puig and Rodríguez, 

1990). In the Cayey alluvial valley, the transmissivity estimates 

for the aquifer near IP-336 ranges from 1,000 to 5,000 ft2

/d.

Island Municipios

The principal alluvial valley in the offshore municipios is 

the Esperanza Valley in Isla de Vieques (fig. 33). Thickness of 

sedimentary deposits in the Esperanza Valley ranges from 0 to 

90 ft (Torres-González, 1989). The elevation of the water table 

ranges from 10 to 100 ft amsl. Transmissivity estimates for the 

Esperanza Valley ranges from 200 ft2/d near the eastern 

boundary of the valley to 2,000 ft2

/d at the west boundary 

(Torres-González, 1989).

Intergranular Unit Overlying Fissured Rock Unit

The intergranular units overlying fissured rock units are 

present in the north and south coast, and southwest Puerto Rico. 

These units have distinct hydrogeologic properties, and 

therefore, are discussed separately.

North Coast

Alluvial deposits form the aquifers within four valleys 

along the north coast of Puerto Rico and are an important source 

of ground water. These alluvial valleys were formed by the Río 

Grande de Arecibo (fig. 6), Río Grande de Manatí (fig. 7), Río 

Cibuco (fig. 7), and Río de La Plata (fig. 9). The alluvial 

deposits overlie and are hydraulically connected to the 

Aymamón and Aguada Limestones. Beneath the industrial 

parks in Arecibo, Barceloneta, Vega Baja, and Toa Baja are 

alluvial deposits that form the hydrogeologic units (figs. 6 

through 9). The thickness of the alluvial deposits near the 

industrial parks is approximately 100 ft in Arecibo (QuiñonesAponte, 1986a) and Barceloneta, approximately 45 ft in Vega 

Baja, and approximately 90 ft in Toa Baja (Troester, 1999). 
6 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

The potentiometric surface in the Río Grande de Arecibo 

alluvial valley indicates that ground-water flow is towards 

discharge zones towards the northeast of the valley (QuiñonesAponte, 1986a) (figs. 6). In the Río Grande de Manatí alluvial 

valley near Barceloneta, the potentiometric surface indicates 

that ground-water flow is generally towards the Río Grande de 

Manatí (Gómez-Gómez, 1984). Depth to water near the 

industrial areas in the alluvial valleys located along the coastal 

plain from Arecibo to Toa Baja ranges from 5 ft bls to 13 ft bls 

(figs. 6 through 9). 

The transmissivity estimates for the freshwater section 

of the alluvial aquifer near the industrial parks are less than 

5,000 ft2

/d in Arecibo (Quiñones-Aponte, 1986), less than 

10,000 ft2/d in Barceloneta and Vega Baja (Torres-González 

and Díaz, 1984), and from 10,000 to 25,000 ft2

/d near Toa Baja 

(Torres-González and Díaz, 1984). However, the transmissivity 

estimates for the limestone aquifers underlying the alluvium 

range from 10,000 to 100,000 ft2

/d (Olcott, 1997).

South Coast

In the Ponce to Juana Díaz area (fig. 22), the intergranular 

deposits are underlain by the Ponce Limestone near the coast 

and the Juana Díaz Formation in inland areas (Glover, 1971). 

The Juana Díaz Formation consists primarily of low 

permeability clastic deposits and chalk beds. Where saturated, 

the Juana Díaz Formation contains saline water that is not 

suitable for human consumption (McClymonds, 1972). The 

thickness of the alluvial deposits in the Ponce area ranges from 

approximately 30 to 100 ft near the northern edge of the 

deposits to greater than 300 ft along the adjacent in coastal 

areas. Transmissivities of the aquifer range from 1,000 to 

10,000 ft2

/d near the industrial parks in Ponce (McClymonds, 

1972).

Southwest Puerto Rico

Industrial parks located within alluvial valleys overlying 

fissured rock are located at Lajas, Guánica, Yauco, Guayanilla, 

and Peñuelas in southwest Puerto Rico (figs. 19 through 21). 

The potentiometric surface in the Lajas valley indicates that the 

principal direction of the ground-water flow is from the 

foothills towards the center of the valley (Graves, 1991). In the 

alluvial valleys at Guánica (McClymonds, 1967), Yauco 

(Quiñones-Aponte, 1986b), Guayanilla (Crooks and others, 

1968), and Peñuelas (Grossman and others, 1972) the 

potentiometric surface indicates a general ground-water flow 

direction from the upper to lower part of the valleys. The 

thickness of the alluvial deposits reported near the industrial 

parks is approximately 70 ft in Lajas (Graves, 1991), 110 ft in 

Guánica (McClymonds, 1967), 75 ft near the town of Yauco 

(Quiñones-Aponte, 1986b), 40 ft in Peñuelas (Grossman and 

others, 1972), and less than 40 ft in Guayanilla (Crooks and 

others, 1968).

The aquifer transmissivity estimates near the industrial 

parks in Lajas range from approximately 100 to 8,000 ft2

/d 

(Graves, 1991), near Guánica approximately 5,000 to 25,000 

ft2

/d (McClymonds, 1967), near Yauco approximately 5,000 to 

15,000 ft2

/d (Quiñones-Aponte, 1986b), near Guayanilla 

approximately 1,000 to 5,000 ft2

/d (Crooks and others, 1968), 

and near Peñuelas less than 500 ft2

/d (Grossman and others, 

1972).

In southwest Puerto Rico, streamflow infiltration is the 

primary source of recharge for the alluvial stream-valley 

aquifers (Crooks and others, 1968; Quiñones-Aponte, 1986). 

Mean-annual precipitation in southwest Puerto Rico is low and 

aquifer recharge from precipitation is insignificant.

Strata with Limited and Local Ground-Water 

Resources

Strata with limited and local ground-water resources 

underlie most of the interior and northeastern Puerto Rico. The 

interior of Puerto Rico is comprised of volcaniclastic, igneous, 

and metamorphic rocks that form minor aquifers. These rock 

units are highly faulted and folded (Olcott, 1997) and are 

composed of tuffaceus siltstone, breccia, andesitic to basaltic 

rocks, and minor limestone. The volcaniclastic rocks store and 

transmit water through fractures and secondary openings in 

areas where precipitation is significant (Olcott, 1997). In the 

vicinity of streams, well yields may be partially or completely 

sustained by induced surface-water seepage from streams 

(Rodríguez-Martínez and others, 2001). 

Industrial parks constructed over volcaniclastic, igneous, 

and metamorphic rocks are located primarily in the municipios 

of the center of the island from Las Piedras in the east to Rincón 

in the west (fig. 1). Transmissivity estimates from specificcapacity data for wells near the industrial parks range from 

15 to 60 ft2/d. Depths to water at wells near the industrial parks 

range from 14 to 70 ft bls. 

Igneous intrusive (plutonic) rocks are present in the central 

and southeast portions of the island. Unless fractured, intrusive 

rocks are not a ground-water source (Olcott, 1997). Several 

industrial parks are constructed over plutonic rocks, principally 

in the municipios in east-central Puerto Rico (Las Piedras and 

San Lorenzo; fig. 31) and near the center of the island (Ciales 

and Jayuya; figs. 7 and 27). Depths to water range from 24 to 43 

ft bls in industrial parks in Las Piedras and San Lorenzo. 

Transmissivity values of approximately 50 to 70 ft2/d were 

estimated from specific-capacity data for wells at or near 

industrial parks in Las Piedras and San Lorenzo. In an industrial 

park in Las Piedras, transmissivity values estimated from 

specific-capacity data for wells located near a creek ranged 

from 300 to 400 ft2/d.
Well Characteristics 7

In addition to the hydrogeologic units composed of the 

volcaniclastic, igneous, and metamorphic rock, the strata with 

limited and local ground-water resources also include 

hydrogeologic units consisting of fine-grained alluvial and 

swamp deposits located within the coastal portions of the 

municipios of San Juan, Carolina, and Loíza (figs. 11 and 32). 

Industrial parks located in these municipios overlie the 

easternmost limit of the North Coast Limestone Aquifer 

(NCLA).

Well Characteristics

Data on the construction and hydraulic characteristics of 

wells located within and near municipal industrial parks include 

the depth, reported yield, and specific capacity. Characteristics 

for wells at or near the industrial parks are presented 

alphabetically by municipio in table 3 of this report.

The deepest wells are located in the fissured aquifers at 

Quebradillas (610 ft), Barceloneta and Manatí (2,000 ft, in the 

Lower Aquifer). Most productive wells were reported in 

intergranular aquifers near Santa Isabel (2,800 gallons per 

minute (gal/min)). Most wells were drilled in industrial parks 

located in Bayamón and Caguas.

Ground-water withdrawals within industrial parks were 

estimated to be about 1.6 millions gallons per day (Mgal/day) 

during the year 2000. The industrial self-supplied ground-water 

withdrawals during year 2000 were estimated to be 11.2 

Mgal/d, excluding withdrawals estimated in this assessment 

(W.L. Molina, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 

2001). More than one-half of the ground-water withdrawals at 

industrial parks were from intergranular units overlying 

fissured aquifers (fig. 35). Ground-water withdrawals by textile 

manufacturers within industrial parks accounted for more than 

one-half of the 1.6 Mgal/d withdrawals (fig. 36).

Ground-water withdrawals at the industrial parks and 

within a 0.6 mile radius are presented in figure 37. Principal 

ground-water withdrawal areas are from the fissured aquifers 

located in Barceloneta and Manatí (fig. 7). For the industrial 

parks located over the intergranular coastal aquifers, the largest 

ground-water withdrawals are in Salinas and Guayama (figs. 24 

and 25). Principal ground-water withdrawal areas near 

industrial parks from intergranular in the island’s interior 

aquifers are located in Cayey (fig. 12) and San Germán (fig. 20). 

Ponce (fig. 22) and Guánica (fig. 21) are the principal groundwater withdrawal areas for intergranular units overlying 

fissured aquifers. In Aibonito (fig. 29), ground-water 

withdrawal is from strata with limited ground-water resources.

Potential Effects of Industrial Ground-Water 

Withdrawals on Availability of Surface- and 

Ground-Water Resources 

Information concerning industrial ground-water 

withdrawals near industrial parks and location of PWSS were 

assembled to assess the potential effects on nearby groundwater users. Additionally, ground-water levels were examined 

to determine ground-water-level trends. Ground-water-level 

data from observation wells were examined to determine the 

following: (a) Are declines in ground-water levels occurring in 

the area? This may indicate that aquifer storage is being reduced 

and potentially during drought conditions further ground-water 

declines may be anticipated; (b) Are rising ground-water levels 

occurring in the area? This may indicate that aquifer storage is 

being replenished, which could be due to increase in the 

recharge rate, decrease in ground-water withdrawals, or a 

combination of both; and (c) Are there no significant trends? 

This indicates that the ground-water system is in a state of 

equilibrium. Additionally, wells located at industrial areas less 

than 500 ft from perennial streams were considered to have the 

potential for surface-water capture (table 2). 

For the fissured aquifers of the north coast of Puerto Rico, 

PWSS well locations within 0.6 miles radius of industrial parks 

were identified in the municipios of Quebradillas, Arecibo, 

Barceloneta, Florida, and Manatí (figs. 4, 6, and 7). The primary 

source of water for the urban area of Quebradillas, where 

IP-111 is located, is surface water. In Barceloneta, Manatí, and 

Florida the primary source of potable water during year 2000 

was from ground water.

Ground-water availability in the NCLA Upper Aquifer is 

limited. However, in some localities withdrawals have been 

reduced and water levels are rising. Ground-water levels for 

selected USGS observation wells (OW) are shown in figure 38. 

OW-1 through OW-5 (figs. 4 and 6 through 8,) are open to the 

NCLA Upper Aquifer. OW-1 in Quebradillas shows a generally 

decreasing trend from 1986 to 1995 of more than 40 ft (fig. 

38a). OW-2 through 5 (figs. 6 through 8) are generally stable 

(figs 38b to 38e). OW-6 through OW-8 (figs. 6, 7, and 11) are 

open to the NCLA Lower Aquifer. Water levels in OW-6 show 

a decreasing trend from 1989 to 1995 of approximately 14 ft. A 

5- to 12-year period of water-level trends is shown for the 

Barceloneta and Florida areas (OW-7 and OW-8, figs. 6 and 7), 

where most withdrawals are from the NCLA Lower Aquifer 

(figs. 38g and 38h). In Barceloneta, OW-7 shows a decreasing 

trend from 1988 to 2000 of approximately 80 ft (fig. 38g). In the 

Florida area, ground-water levels are rising, which could be the 

result of a reduction in ground-water withdrawals, an increase 

in recharge, or a combination of both conditions. In the urban 

areas of Florida, all storm-water runoff is conveyed to the subsurface by injections wells. The injection of surface water into 

the aquifer may be a major cause for the rise in ground-water 

levels (fig. 38h).
8 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

In the Manatí area, estimated ground-water withdrawals 

from the fissured aquifers near IP-84/125, IP-356, and IP-927 

(fig. 7) were 1.8 Mgal/d, 0.56 Mgal/d, and 0.54 Mgal/d, 

respectively, during 2000. These withdrawals were from both 

PWSS and industrial wells. A recent ground-water flow model 

developed for the Manatí-Vega Baja area (Cherry, 2001) 

indicates that ground-water withdrawals in the Coto Sur area in 

Manatí, which is located about 3,000 ft south of IP-356, have 

contributed to the decline of heads in the Upper Aquifer by as 

much as 18 ft through depletion of storage from 1940 to 1995. 

In the intergranular aquifers of the east coast, two PWSS 

are located near an industrial park in Maunabo (fig. 14). About 

660,000 gallons per day (gal/d) were reported by PRASA to be 

withdrawn from two wells located about 2,800 and 3,000 ft 

from IP-283. Ground-water levels recorded at OW-9 (figs. 12 

and 38i) in Fajardo and OW-10 (figs. 14 and 38j) in Maunabo 

indicate fluctuations of approximately 6 and 4 ft, respectively.

At IP-313 in Humacao (fig. 13), approximately 300,000 

gal/d were withdrawn from the intergranular aquifer during 

2000 from four industrial wells. A ground-water flow model 

(Graves, 1989) developed for the Humacao-Naguabo area, 

simulated the scenario of increasing ground-water withdrawals 

to 720,000 gal/d by simulating a line of imaginary wells 

approximately 1,000 ft south of IP-313 and to the north of Río 

Humacao. The model predicted a ground-water level decline of 

approximately 7 ft at the imaginary wells and approximately a 

1 ft decline near IP-313.

 The PWSS located near municipal industrial parks that 

obtain water from the intergranular aquifer of the south coast 

were identified in the municipios of Salinas, Guayama, Arroyo, 

and Patillas (figs. 24 through 26). Ground-water withdrawals 

were not reported for public supply wells located near industrial 

parks in Guayama and Patillas. Reported ground-water 

withdrawals from two PWSS wells near IP-090 in Salinas and 

two wells near IP-221 in arroyo were 750,000 and 330,000 

gal/d, respectively.

Ground-water levels for observation wells in Guayama, 

Salinas, and Santa Isabel are shown in figures 38k to 38m. 

Ground-water levels at OW-11 (figs. 25 and 38k) near 

Guayama show a decline of approximately 1.5 ft per year (ft/yr) 

from 1991 to 1999. In Santa Isabel, water levels in OW-13 

(figs. 24 and 38m), declined about 1.3 ft/yr from 1984 to 1995. 

A ground-water-level rise of approximately 9 ft was observed 

between 1998 and 2000. Ground-water levels in OW-12 (figs. 

29 and 38 l) in Salinas declined approximately 8 ft from 1991 to 

1996. Some of the decline in water levels in these areas may be 

related to the regional abandonment of the surface-water 

irrigation system, which was a major source of recharge to the 

SCPAA (Gómez-Gómez, 1990). The rise in ground-water 

levels observed after 1996 in OW-11 and OW-12 coincide with 

rainfall events associated with hurricanes Hortense (September 

1996), Georges (September 1998), and Lenny (November 

1999).

The PWSS near industrial parks that obtain water from the 

intergranular aquifer of the southwest and west of Puerto Rico 

were identified at Hormigueros, Cabo Rojo, San Germán, 

Sabana Grande, and Guánica (figs. 19 through 21); no industrial 

self-supplied wells were identified in these industrial parks. 

Ground-water-levels trends in OW-14 and OW-15 (figs. 19 and 

17) in the Hormigueros and Mayagüez areas, respectively, are 

shown in figures 38n and 38o; no significant trend was noted for 

the water levels recorded in these wells.

Industrial self-supplied ground water is withdrawn from 

intergranular aquifers overlying fissured aquifers at IP-937 in 

Ponce (fig. 22). Approximately 800,000 gal/d were withdrawn 

during 2000 from two wells located in IP-937. Withdrawals 

from a PWSS well, located about 2,300 ft south of IP-937, 

accounted for about 400,000 gal/d. From 1996 to 2000, waterlevel data from OW-16 (figs. 22 and 38p), which is located 

about 2,300 ft south east from IP-937, indicate rising groundwater levels of about 2 ft/yr. The sudden fluctuations in groundwater levels in OW-16 coincide with rainfall events related to 

hurricanes Hortense (September 1996), Georges (September 

1998), and Lenny (November 1999).

The water levels in OW-17 (figs. 22 and 38q) near IP-050 

in Ponce showed a general water-level increase of about 22 ft 

from 1994 to 2000. The lowest water level recorded during that 

period was about 50 ft bls, which is at about mean sea level. 

However, water-level altitudes near IP-050 were reported to be 

20 to 30 ft bmsl (depth to water was about 70 to 80 ft bls) during 

1964-65 (McClymonds, 1972). 

Ground-water levels in OW-18 and OW-19 near Peñuelas 

and Yauco (fig. 21) are shown in figures 38r and 38s. Water 

levels in OW-19 (fig. 38s) located near IP-063 in Yauco, 

showed a general decline of about 2 ft/yr from 1984 to 1997; 

however, from 1998 to 2000 the water level increased by about 

35 ft. A 4-year period of ground-water-level data for OW-18, 

located south of IP-213 and IP-406, shows maximum 

fluctuations of approximately 10 ft. 

The PWSS located near industrial parks overlying 

intergranular aquifers in the interior of Puerto Rico were 

identified at Ciales, Cayey, Caguas, and Juncos (figs. 7, 29, and 

31). No public-supply ground-water withdrawal were reported 

near these industrial parks. In IP-017 in Caguas, six industrial 

wells were identified, one of which was not in operation during 

this study. Estimated ground-water withdrawal from the 

intergranular aquifer at IP-017 was approximately 173,000 

gal/d in 2000. Depth to water at the industrial park for the period 

of 1986 to 1989 ranged from approximately 29 to 35 ft bls (Puig 

and Rodríguez, 1990). Depth-to-water at the industrial park in 

July 1999 was 35 ft bls.

At IP-003 near Bayamón (fig. 10), seven industrial wells 

were identified, five of which were active during 2000. The 

estimated ground-water withdrawal rate was 150,000 gal/d. 

Ground-water altitude during 1986 and 1994 at IP-003 was 

approximately 60 and 30 ft amsl, respectively.
Summary 9

In strata with local or limited ground-water resources, 

PWSS were identified near industrial parks in the municipios of 

Jayuya, Aibonito, and Cidra (figs. 27, 29, and 30). Groundwater withdrawals for public supply were reported by PRASA 

at Aibonito and Cidra. In the municipio of Cidra, two PWSS 

wells are located near IP-274 and IP-391. Ground-water 

withdrawals during 2000 were reported to be 20,000 gal/d at 

each of these wells. Data obtained during field visits indicate 

that industrial ground-water withdrawals were approximately 

82,000 gal/d at IP-391 near Cidra. The PWSS well located 

about 1,300 ft from IP-391, and one of the industrial wells are 

located near unnamed creeks that flow into the water-supply 

reservoir of Lago de Cidra. However, no long-term discharge 

records are available for these creeks to determine the influence 

of ground-water withdrawals on surface-water discharge.

In Aibonito, three PWSS wells located near IP-072 and 

IP-902 were identified. The distance from these PWSS wells to 

IP-072, in which an industrial well is located, ranges from 1,300 

to 3,000 ft. In addition to the PWSS wells, an institutional-use 

(hospital) well is located approximately 1,900 ft from the 

IP-072. Ground-water withdrawals were estimated to be 

656,000 gal/d during year 2000. No long-term ground-waterlevel data are available near these industrial parks.

The ground-water flow in the sub-basin in Aibonito, where 

industrial parks IP-072 and IP-902 are located, was estimated 

using low-flow data collected at Río Aibonito (SantiagoRivera, 1998) (fig. 29).The range between the Q-98 and Q-90 

low-flow surface-water rates were utilized as an approximation 

of the ground-water flow rate for the aquifer within the subbasin (Gómez-Gómez and others, 2001). The Q-98 and the 

Q-90 flow were calculated to be 0.8 and 1.7 ft3/s, respectively. 

The Q-98 flow and the Q-90 flow normalized values (to remove 

the effect of drainage basin size) in gallons per day per square 

mile (gal/d-mi2

) are approximately 80,000 and 169,000 

gal/d-mi2, respectively. Using the normalized Q-98 and Q-90 

flow rates and multiplying by the drainage area of the sub-basin 

in Aibonito (2.8 mi2

), the estimated ground-water flow is 

between 220,000 to 470,000 gal/d. Reported ground-water 

withdrawals by PRASA and industries within the basin, where 

IP-072 and IP-902 are located for the period when low-flow 

measurements were made (1994 to 1997), range from 111,000 

to 466,000 gal/d. The total ground-water withdrawals from 

wells within the sub-basin, where the municipal industrial parks 

are located, was 656,000 gal/d during year 2000. 

Summary

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the 

Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company, during year 

2000 conducted an assessment on the effects of ground-water 

withdrawals on availability of surface and ground water in and 

near municipal industrial parks. The location of municipal 

industrial parks and wells were compiled in digital format 

utilizing Geographic Information System software to facilitate 

future investigations. The municipal industrial parks were 

classified on the basis of the underlying hydrogeologic units. 

The generalized hydrogeologic units include fissured aquifers, 

intergranular aquifers, intergranular units overlying fissured 

aquifers, and strata with limited or local ground-water 

resources. Most of the industrial parks, 49 percent, are located 

in areas with local or limited ground-water resources, 29 

percent overlie intergranular aquifers, 13 percent overlie 

fissured aquifers, and 9 percent overlie intergranular unit 

overlying fissured rock aquifers. Reported well yields near and 

within industrial parks ranged from 3 to 2,800 gallons per 

minute. Wells near the industrial parks of Santa Isabel and 

Guánica, which tap intergranular aquifers, have the highest 

reported yields. Yields of less than 10 gallons per minute were 

reported from wells near industrial parks in Adjuntas, 

Guayama, and Luquillo; these wells tap strata with limited or 

local ground-water resources. Specific capacities of wells at or 

near the industrial areas range from 0.1 gallons per minute per 

foot (gal/min-ft) in the strata with limited or local ground-water 

resources to 103 gal/min-ft in the fissured aquifers. Deepest 

wells are located in the fissured aquifer in the north coast. Most 

wells are at industrial parks in Bayamón and Caguas. 

Depths to water at or near industrial parks range from 20 

to 400 ft in the fissured rock aquifers, 6 to 65 ft in the coastal 

intergranular aquifers, 3 to 30 ft in the intergranular aquifers 

overlying fissured rock units, and from 1 to 100 ft in strata with 

local or limited ground-water resources. Transmissivities in the 

vicinity of industrial parks range from approximately 15 ft2/d in 

strata with limited or local ground-water resources to 100,000 

ft2

/d in the fissured aquifer. 

Total ground-water withdrawals during year 2000 within 

municipal industrial parks in Puerto Rico were estimated at 1.6 

million gallons per day. Intergranular coastal aquifers are the 

principal source of ground-water for municipal industrial parks. 

Textile manufacturers accounted for half of the total groundwater withdrawals.

Ground-water withdrawals from public water-supply 

systems were identified near municipal industrial parks in 

Aibonito, Cidra, and Ponce, in addition to industrial groundwater withdrawals. Other areas with substantial ground-water 

withdrawals within or near municipal industrial parks are 

located at Manatí, Caguas, Bayamón, and Humacao. Groundwater-level data indicate levels are declining near industrial 

parks in Manatí, Barceloneta, Guayama, and Santa Isabel. Data 

indicate that ground-water levels are rising in Florida, Ponce, 

and Yauco.
10 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

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Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico. [C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCLfer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas fer; CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial VallValley Aquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, YabucYAVAA; Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] Municipality and industrial park number Aquifer name Estimated ground- water withdrawals, in gallons per day (within industrial park or within 0.6 mile radius) Hydrogeologic properties Generalized hydrogeologic unit Confined or unconfined (C/U) Estimated transmissivity range or expected upper limit, in feet squared per day Depth to water, in feet below land surface Fresh o

saline water 

Adjuntas145 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 

259 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 420 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Aguada129 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <500 n.d. Fresh 

253 Unnamed 0/120,000 Fissured U <500 n.d. Fresh 

Aguadilla216 NCLA 0 Fissured U 5,000-10,000 n.d. Fresh 

266 NCLA 0 Fissured U n.d. n.d. Fresh 279 NCLA 0 Fissured U 5,000-10,000 n.d. Fresh 900 NCLA 0 Fissured U 5,000-10,000 n.d. Fresh 901 NCLA 0 Fissured U 5,000-10,000 n.d. Fresh 346 NCLA 0 Fissured U 5,000-10,000 212 Fresh 

Aguas Buenas 094 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

227 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 263 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 273 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 351 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Aibonito

238 Volcanic Rocks 0/210,000 SLLGWR U <100 15 Fresh 417 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 902 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 22 Fresh 072 Unnamed 16,000/430,000 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Añasco

154 RGAAVA n.d. Intergranular U <500 20 Fresh 

Table
Arecibo

065 NCLA 48,000 Fissured U 10,000-40,000 125 Fresh 151 NCLA 0 SLLGWR U 5,000-10,000 3 Saline 280 NCLA 0 I/F U <5,000 5 Fresh 350 NCLA 0/480,000 Fissured C/U 10,000-40,000 40 Fresh 

Arroyo

221 SCPAA 0/330,000 Intergranular C/U 5,000- 25,000 37 Fresh 295 SCPAA 0 Intergranular C/U 5,000- 25,000 13 Fresh 354 SCPAA 0 Intergranular C/U 5,000- 25,000 37 Fresh 383 SCPAA 0 Intergranular C/U 5,000- 25,000 39 Fresh 

Barceloneta

114 NCLA n.d. I/F C/U <10,000 13 Fresh 321 NCLA 0/1,200,000 Fissured C/U 10,000-100,000 300 Fresh 388 NCLA 0 SLLGWR C/U 1,000-10,000 4 Saline 

Barranquitas

098 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 100 Fresh 224 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Bayamón

003 Unnamed 150,000/0 SLLGWR U 100-1,000 25 Fresh 004 NCLA 68,000/0 I/F U <500 10 Fresh 

Cabo Rojo

122 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U n.d. n.d. Fresh 229 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U 200-1,000 n.d. Fresh 298 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U n.d. n.d. Fresh 

Municipality and 

industrial park 

number

Aquifer

name

Estimated groundwater withdrawals, 

in gallons per day 

(within industrial 

park or within 0.6 

mile radius)

Hydrogeologic properties

Generalized 

hydrogeologic 

unit

Confined or 

unconfined

(C/U)

Estimated

transmissivity 

range or expected 

upper limit, in feet 

squared per day

Depth to water, 

in feet below 

land surface

Fresh o

saline

water

Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued[C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCL

fer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas 

CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial Valley; RAquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, Yabucoa Val

Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] 
Caguas017/416 CJVAA 173,000/0 Intergranular U <500 35 Fresh 

068 CJVAA 0/310,000 Intergranular U <500 35 Fresh 132 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 33 Fresh 339 CJVAA n.d. Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 112 CJVAA 0 Intergranular U <500 18 Fresh 307 CJVAA n.d. Intergranular U <500 22 Fresh 395 CJVAA 0 Intergranular U <500 36 Fresh 

Camuy169 NCLA 0 Fissured U 1,000-10,000 200 Fresh 

297 NCLA 0 Fissured U 1,000-10,000 99 Fresh 

Canóvanas 73/246/367 Volcanic Rocks 5,000 SLLGWR U <100 12 Fresh 

164/191 Volcanic Rocks 18,000 SLLGWR U <1,000 17 Fresh 

430 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Carolina012 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 20 

028 NCLA 0 SLLGWR U n.d. 6 Saline 066 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 16 Fresh 372 NCLA 0 SLLGWR U <500 n.d. Fresh 342 NCLA 0 SLLGWR U n.d. n.d. Saline 426 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 26 Fresh 

Cataño

108/300/344 NCLA 0 I/F U <500 15 n.d. 

911 NCLA 0 SLLGWR U n.d. 1 Saline 

Municipality and 

industrial park 

number

Aquifer

name

Estimated groundwater withdrawals, 

in gallons per day 

(within industrial 

park or within 0.6 

mile radius)

Hydrogeologic properties

Generalized 

hydrogeologic 

unit

Confined or 

unconfined

(C/U)

Estimated

transmissivity 

range or expected 

upper limit, in feet 

squared per day

Depth to water, 

in feet below 

land surface

Fresh o

saline

water

Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued[C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCL

fer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas 

CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial Valley; RAquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, Yabucoa Val

Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] 
Cayey

009 CVAA 0 Intergranular U <500 28 Fresh 143 Volcanic Rocks 0/90,000 SLLGWR U <1,000 40 Fresh 336 CVAA 8,200/698,000 Intergranular U 1,000-5,000 37 Fresh 

Ceiba

144 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 38 Fresh 308 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 421 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 13 Fresh 

Ciales

040 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 170 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 212 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 232 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <5,000 30 Fresh 310 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 373 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 556 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Cidra

163 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U 100-200 n.d. Fresh 274 Unnamed 18,900/20,000 SLLGWR U 100-200 70 Fresh 391 Unnamed 82,000 / 0 SLLGWR U 100-200 63 Fresh 

Coamo

089 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 167 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 65 Fresh 317 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 408 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Comerío

124 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 30 Fresh 320 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Municipality and 

industrial park 

number

Aquifer

name

Estimated groundwater withdrawals, 

in gallons per day 

(within industrial 

park or within 0.6 

mile radius)

Hydrogeologic properties

Generalized 

hydrogeologic 

unit

Confined or 

unconfined

(C/U)

Estimated

transmissivity 

range or expected 

upper limit, in feet 

squared per day

Depth to water, 

in feet below 

land surface

Fresh o

saline

water

Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued[C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCL

fer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas 

CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial Valley; RAquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, Yabucoa Val

Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] 
Corozal153 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh Culebra281 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U n.d. 1 Saline Dorado107 NCLA 0 Fissured U 500-10,000 n.d. Saline 

128/361 NCLA 0 I/F U 500-10,000 10 Saline 

Fajardo018 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <500 33 Fresh 

023 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 3 Saline 099 RESRDAV 0 Intergranular U 100-2,500 12 Fresh 159 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Saline 172 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 3 Saline 

Florida223 NCLA 0/100,000 Fissured U 500-1,000 180 Fresh Guánica029 GAA 0 SLLGWR U <5,000 5 Fresh 

141 GAA 0/520,000 I/F U 20,000-25,000 14 Fresh 207 Unnamed 0 Fissured U n.d. n.d. n.d. 

Guayama

006 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 165 SCPAA 0 Intergranular C/U <500 32 Fresh 381 SCPAA 0/1,400,000 Intergranular C/U 4,000-5,000 11 Fresh 414 SCPAA 0 Intergranular C/U <500 21 Fresh 

Guayanilla

290 GUAA 0 I/F U 1,000-5,000 20 Fresh 315 GUAA 0 SLLGWR U n.d. 2 Saline 428 GUAA 0 Intergranular U 1,000-5,000 30 Fresh 

Municipality and 

industrial park 

number

Aquifer

name

Estimated groundwater withdrawals, 

in gallons per day 

(within industrial 

park or within 0.6 

mile radius)

Hydrogeologic properties

Generalized 

hydrogeologic 

unit

Confined or 

unconfined

(C/U)

Estimated

transmissivity 

range or expected 

upper limit, in feet 

squared per day

Depth to water, 

in feet below 

land surface

Fresh o

saline

water

Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued[C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCL

fer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas 

CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial Valley; RAquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, Yabucoa Val

Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] 
Guaynabo

057 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U n.d. n.d. Saline 234 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 331 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Gurabo

024 CJVAA 0 Intergranular U <500 39 Fresh 

Hatillo

204 NCLA 0 Fissured U 1,000-10,000 60 Fresh 919 NCLA 0 Fissured U 1,000-10,000 20 Fresh 

Hormigueros

211 Volcanic Rocks 0/120,000 SLLGWR U <100 18 Fresh 

291/389 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 28 Fresh 

920 RGVA 0 Intergranular U <500 23 Fresh 

Humacao

140 HNAA 0 Intergranular U <500 13 Fresh 278 HNAA 93,000/0 Intergranular U 500-2,000 22 Fresh 312 HNAA 0 SLLGWR U n.d. 1 Saline 313 HNAA 0/300,000 Intergranular U 500-2,000 6 Fresh 407 HNAA 0 Intergranular U 500-2,000 7 Fresh 

Isabela

102 NCLA 0 Fissured U <5,000 320 Fresh 921 NCLA 0 Fissured U <5,000 370 Fresh 

Jayuya

241 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U 500-1,000 15 Fresh 275 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Juana Díaz

075/196 SCPAA 0 Intergranular U 500-1,000 n.d. Fresh 

384 SCPAA 0 Intergranular U 500-1,000 18 Fresh 

Municipality and 

industrial park 

number

Aquifer

name

Estimated groundwater withdrawals, 

in gallons per day 

(within industrial 

park or within 0.6 

mile radius)

Hydrogeologic properties

Generalized 

hydrogeologic 

unit

Confined or 

unconfined

(C/U)

Estimated

transmissivity 

range or expected 

upper limit, in feet 

squared per day

Depth to water, 

in feet below 

land surface

Fresh o

saline

wate

Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued[C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCL

fer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas 

CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial Valley; RAquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, Yabucoa Val

Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] 
Juncos 010 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U n.d. n.d. Fresh 

303 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 26 Fresh 394 CJVAA 40,000/0 Intergranular U <1,000 14 Fresh 

Lajas 032 Lajas Valley 0 Intergranular U n.d. n.d. Saline 

209 Lajas Valley 0 I/F U <100 30 Fresh 288 Lajas Valley 0 Intergranular U <100 n.d. Fresh 418 Lajas Valley 0 I/F U 600-8,000 8 Fresh 

Lares 249 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

309 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <500 14 Fresh 

Las Marias 245 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

282 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Las Piedras 215 Unnamed 0/8,000 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

332 Unnamed 0/47,000 SLLGWR U 50-400 24 Fresh 

Loíza

059/147 NCLA 0 SLLGWR U n.d. 3 Saline 188/316 NCLA 0 SLLGWR U n.d. 2 Saline 

Luquillo

085 RESRDAVA 0 SLLGWR U <100 18 Fresh 

Manatí

084/125 NCLA 0/1,820,000 Fissured C/U 10,000-100,000 66 Fresh 

356 NCLA 0/555,000 Fissured C/U 10,000-100,000 240 Fresh 927 NCLA 0/540,000 Fissured C/U 10,000-100,000 128 Fresh 

Municipality and 

industrial park 

number

Aquifer

name

Estimated groundwater withdrawals, 

in gallons per day 

(within industrial 

park or within 0.6 

mile radius)

Hydrogeologic properties

Generalized 

hydrogeologic 

unit

Confined or 

unconfined

(C/U)

Estimated

transmissivity 

range or expected 

upper limit, in feet 

squared per day

Depth to water, 

in feet below 

land surface

Fresh o

saline

water

Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued[C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCL

fer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas 

CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial Valley; RAquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, Yabucoa Val

Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] 
Maricao

054 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

247/349 Volcanic Rocks 65,000 / 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

314 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 928 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Maunabo

283 MAA 0 / 660,000 Intergranular U 1,000-8,000 6 Fresh 304 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 45 Fresh 

Mayagüez

005 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. n.d. 031 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 8 Fresh 036 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 5 Saline 

93/178/214 Unnamed n.d. SLLGWR U <100 12 n.d. 

120/130 Unnamed n.d. Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 

193 Volcanic Rocks n.d. SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 231 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 20 Fresh 270 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 5 Fresh 

Moca

219 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 252 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 311 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 

Morovis

218 NCLA 0 Fissured U <500 n.d. Fresh 413 NCLA 0 Fissured U <500 n.d. Fresh 

Naguabo

162 HNAA 0 SLLGWR U <100 35 Fresh 243 HNAA 0 Intergranular U <500 28 Fresh 299 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U n.d. n.d. n.d. 932 HNAA 0 SLLGWR U <100 42 Fresh 

Municipality and 

industrial park 

number

Aquifer

name

Estimated groundwater withdrawals, 

in gallons per day 

(within industrial 

park or within 0.6 

mile radius)

Hydrogeologic properties

Generalized 

hydrogeologic 

unit

Confined or 

unconfined

(C/U)

Estimated

transmissivity 

range or expected 

upper limit, in feet 

squared per day

Depth to water, 

in feet below 

land surface

Fresh o

saline

wate

Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued[C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCL

fer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas 

CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial Valley; RAquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, Yabucoa Val

Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] 
Naranjito235 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

294 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 933 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 934 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Orocovis228 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

237 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 284 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Patillas236 SCPAA 0 Intergranular C/U 2,000 9 Fresh 

375 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Peñuelas083 TAA 0 I/F U n.d. n.d. Saline 

213 TAA 0 Intergranular U <500 15 Fresh 406 TAA 0 Intergranular U <500 15 Fresh 

Ponce 027 SCPAA 0 / 400,000 I/F U 5,000-10,000 10 Fresh 

050 SCPAA 0 / 1,800,000 I/F U 1,000-5,000 29 Fresh 062 SCPAA n.d. I/F U 1,000-5,000 5 Fresh 080 SCPAA n.d. I/F U 1,000-5,000 30 Fresh 086 SCPAA 0 I/F U 1,000-5,000 n.d. Fresh 194 SCPAA 0 I/F U n.d. 3 Saline 

306/410 SCPAA 0 I/F U 5,000-10,000 16 Fresh 

937 SCPAA 800,000 / 400,000 I/F U 5,000-10,000 19 Fresh 970 SCPAA 0 I/F U n.d. 3 Saline 

Municipality and 

industrial park 

number

Aquifer

name

Estimated groundwater withdrawals, 

in gallons per day 

(within industrial 

park or within 0.6 

mile radius)

Hydrogeologic properties

Generalized 

hydrogeologic 

unit

Confined or 

unconfined

(C/U)

Estimated

transmissivity 

range or expected 

upper limit, in feet 

squared per day

Depth to water, 

in feet below 

land surface

Fresh o

saline

water

Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued[C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCL

fer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas 

CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial Valley; RAquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, Yabucoa Val

Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] 
Quebradillas

111 NCLA 0/ 180,000 Fissured U 1,000-5,000 400 Fresh 276 NCLA 0 Fissured U 1,000-5,000 370 Fresh 400 NCLA 0 Fissured U 1,000-5,000 400 Fresh 

Rincón

136 Unnamed 0 / 20,000 SLLGWR U n.d. n.d. Saline 

Río Grande

006 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 020 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 155 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 225 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U n.d. n.d. Saline 

Sabana Grande

198/374 RGVA 0/ 90,000 Intergranular U <5,000 10 Fresh 

941 RGVA 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 

Salinas

087/226 SCPAA 0 / 30,000 Intergranular C/U 20,000-30,000 9 Fresh 

090 SCPAA 0 / 750,000 Intergranular C/U 5,000 24 Fresh 

San Germán

049 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 25 Fresh 264 Volcanic Rocks 0 / 70,000 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 412 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

San Juan

016 NCLA 0 SLLGWR U n.d. n.d. Saline 

021/150 NCLA 0 SLLGWR U <5,000 9 n.d. 

052 NCLA 0 SLLGWR U n.d. 11 Saline 074 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <500 12 Fresh 137 NCLA 0 SLLGWR U n.d. 18 n.d. 

Municipality and 

industrial park 

number

Aquifer

name

Estimated groundwater withdrawals, 

in gallons per day 

(within industrial 

park or within 0.6 

mile radius)

Hydrogeologic properties

Generalized 

hydrogeologic 

unit

Confined or 

unconfined

(C/U)

Estimated

transmissivity 

range or expected 

upper limit, in feet 

squared per day

Depth to water, 

in feet below 

land surface

Fresh o

saline

water

Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued[C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCL

fer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas 

CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial Valley; RAquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, Yabucoa Val

Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] 
San Lorenzo 019 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 43 Fresh 

302 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 335 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

San Sebastián 104 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

142 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 265 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Santa Isabel 037 SCPAA 0 Intergranular U 5,000 37 Fresh 

076 SCPAA 0 Intergranular U 5,000 12 Fresh 

Toa Alta082 NCLA 0 Fissured U <500 n.d. Fresh Toa Baja217 NCLA 0 I/F U 10,000-25,000 11 Saline Trujillo Alto 233 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 

357 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 957 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 

Utuado

203 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 396 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 

Vega Alta

260/292 NCLA 0 Fissured C/U <10,000 70 Fresh 

Vega Baja

096 NCLA 0 I/F C/U 10,000-100,000 11 Fresh 

Municipality and 

industrial park 

number

Aquifer

name

Estimated groundwater withdrawals, 

in gallons per day 

(within industrial 

park or within 0.6 

mile radius)

Hydrogeologic properties

Generalized 

hydrogeologic 

unit

Confined or 

unconfined

(C/U)

Estimated

transmissivity 

range or expected 

upper limit, in feet 

squared per day

Depth to water, 

in feet below 

land surface

Fresh o

saline

water

Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued[C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCL

fer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas 

CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial Valley; RAquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, Yabucoa Val

Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] 
Vieques

156 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. n.d. 175 EAA 0 Intergranular U 200-2,000 4 Fresh 250 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 45 n.d. 318 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. n.d. 403 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. n.d. 

Villalba

148 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 262 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 n.d. Fresh 285 Unnamed 0 Intergranular U <500 32 Fresh 

Yabucoa

042 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 15 Fresh 242 Unnamed 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 425 YVAA 0 Intergranular U <500 30 Fresh 

Yauco

063 YAVAA 0 Intergranular U <100 10 Fresh 067 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 097 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 n.d. Fresh 271 YAVAA 0 Intergranular U 10,000-15,000 16 Fresh 393 Volcanic Rocks 0 SLLGWR U <100 30 Fresh 

Municipality and 

industrial park 

number

Aquifer

name

Estimated groundwater withdrawals, 

in gallons per day 

(within industrial 

park or within 0.6 

mile radius)

Hydrogeologic properties

Generalized 

hydrogeologic 

unit

Confined or 

unconfined

(C/U)

Estimated

transmissivity 

range or expected 

upper limit, in feet 

squared per day

Depth to water, 

in feet below 

land surface

Fresh o

saline

water

Table 2. Hydrogeologic properties of aquifers within or near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued[C, confined; U, unconfined; n.d., no data available; SFC, Potential streamflow capture; RI, Rainfall infiltration; SLLGWR, Strata with local and limited ground resources; NCL

fer; RGAAVA, Río Grande de Añasco Alluvial Valley Aquifer; I/F, Intergranular unit overlying fissured aquifer; SCPAA, South Coastal Plain Alluvial Aquifer; CJVAA, Caguas 

CVAA, Cayey Valley Alluvial Aquifer; RESRDAV, Río Espíritu Santo to Río Demajagua Alluvial Valleys; GAA, Guánica Alluvial Valley; GUAA, Guayanilla Alluvial Valley; RAquifer, HNAA, Humacao-Naguabo Alluvial Aquifer; MAA, Maunabo Alluvial Valley; TAA, Tallaboa Alluvial Aquifer; EAA, Esperanza Alluvial Valley; YVAA, Yabucoa Val

Yauco Valley Alluvial Aquifer] 
24 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Table 3. Characteristics of wells near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.

[n.d., no data; if two numbers are separated by a dash (for example 55-129) numbers indicate range of data for more than one well]

Municipio and industrial 

park number

Depth below land 

surface (feet)

Yield (gallons per 

minute)

 Specific capacity 

(gallons per minute per 

foot of drawdown)

Duration of well test 

(hours)

Adjuntas

145, 259 47 3 n.d. n.d.

Aguada

253 n.d. 14 n.d. n.d.

Aguadilla

346 270 100-105 48 24

Aguas Buenas

273 55-129 n.d. 0.31 7

Aibonito

72, 902 126-240 60-100 n.d. n.d.

238, 417 110-140 250-300 6.25 14

Añasco

154 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Arecibo

65 114 14-35 n.d. n.d.

280 61 500 n.d. n.d.

350 320 500 n.d. n.d.

Arroyo

221 120 450 n.d. n.d.

295 130 240 n.d. n.d.

383 74-75 140-175 3.9 10

Barceloneta

114 83-150 100 n.d. n.d.

321 300-450 500-600 n.d. n.d.

321 1001-2000 160 n.d. n.d.

Barranquitas

78 225-310 15-25 n.d. n.d.

Bayamón

3 300-500 40-60 0.1-3.4 24

4 90-150 50-500 1.3 n.d.

Cabo Rojo

229 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Caguas

17 355-580 35-64 0.26-0.46 72

68 546 60 0.47 8

112 87 n.d. n.d. n.d.

307 n.d. 95 2.8 24

Camuy

169, 297 140 100 n.d. n.d.

Canóvanas

73 100 n.d. n.d. n.d.

164, 191 150-305 10-60 4.5 24
Table 25

Carolina

12 60-300 30-60 0.64-1.63 24

28 90-160 55-200 n.d. n.d.

66 71-302 100 n.d. n.d.

411 100 100 2.32 24

Cataño

108, 344 97-116 50-100 2.2 24

911 130-230 200-800 n.d. n.d.

Cayey

9 167-170 75-108 3.3 24

143 140-176 150-224 9.7-15 24

336 307-400 107-150 3.34-21.7 24

Ceiba

144, 308 27 25 n.d. n.d.

421 29 40 n.d. n.d.

Ciales

232 67-200 70-180 22-38 24

Cidra

274 367-465 40-90 0.73 48

391 305-500 20-110 0.28-1.34 22

Coamo

167, 408 40-350 n.d. n.d. n.d.

Comerío

124 100 60 1.2 24

Corozal

153 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Culebra

281 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Dorado

128, 361 60 100 n.d. n.d.

Fajardo

99 23-34 n.d. n.d. n.d.

Florida

223 200-400 60-200 11 n.d.

Guánica

141 114-150 200-1,700 15-105 24

207 4 n.d. n.d. n.d.

Guayama

6 70 7 0.17 n.d.

165 105 165 7.2 n.d.

381 100-150 250-650 2.7-7.7 6

Guayanilla

290, 315 170-200 1,100-1,500 50 24

428 120-150 350-1,200 n.d. n.d.

Municipio and industrial 

park number

Depth below land 

surface (feet)

Yield (gallons per 

minute)

 Specific capacity 

(gallons per minute per 

foot of drawdown)

Duration of well test 

(hours)

Table 3. Characteristics of wells near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued

[n.d., no data; if two numbers are separated by a dash (for example 55-129) numbers indicate range of data for more than one well]
26 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Guaynabo

057, 234, 331 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Gurabo

024 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Hatillo

919 30 n.d. n.d. n.d.

Hormigueros

211, 920 106 400 n.d. n.d.

Humacao

140 84-140 1.5-2 2

278 150 200 5.2 16

313, 407 297 45-115 1.15 n.d.

Isabela

102, 921 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Jayuya

241 75-120 47-85 1.2-2.4 44

Juana Díaz

384 100 300 n.d. n.d.

Juncos

303 52-110 14-75 n.d. n.d.

394 485 55 0.63 24

Lajas

209, 418 97-140 258-500 6-25 n.d.

Lares

249 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

309 80 22 4.16 8

Las Marias

245, 282 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Las Piedras

215, 332 500-507 30-80 0.19- 2.60 24

332 305-505 29-75 0.17-2.20 24

Loíza

059, 147 125 35 n.d. n.d.

Luquillo

85 50-60 5-22 2.4 24

Manatí

84/125 200 1,400 103 n.d.

356 191-307 200-700 22-35 n.d.

356 2000 1,000 n.d. n.d.

927 210 50 n.d. n.d.

Maricao

349 135 70-260 n.d. n.d.

Maunabo

283 100-120 700 41 36

Municipio and industrial 

park number

Depth below land 

surface (feet)

Yield (gallons per 

minute)

 Specific capacity 

(gallons per minute per 

foot of drawdown)

Duration of well test 

(hours)

Table 3. Characteristics of wells near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued

[n.d., no data; if two numbers are separated by a dash (for example 55-129) numbers indicate range of data for more than one well]
Table 27

Moca

2219, 252, 311 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Mayagüez

31 53-250 42-52 1.6 24

36 100-156 74-255 7.3-10.5 8

93, 178, 214 55-156 20 n.d. 15

231 42-104 108-450 3.5 9

270 43-130 31-100 0.7 n.d.

120, 130 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

193 130 16 1.2 n.d.

Morovis

218, 413 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Naguabo

162, 243, 299, 932 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Naranjito

235, 294, 933, 934 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Orocovis

228, 237, 284 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Patillas

236, 375 90-230 100-258 5.4 24

Peñuelas

406 107-126 20-65 0.3-2.4 8

213 120-150 700 23 10

Ponce

27 60-185 50-1,500 2.5-115 24

50, 51 165-505 250-1,500 28-60 24

62 105-167 100-600 10-16 24

80 65 50 n.d. n.d.

86 200 250 10 24

306 80-100 35-500 0.55-10 24

324 140-202 16-650 6.4-28 53

415 185-215 150-400 n.d. n.d.

937 115-150 430 23-36 24

Quebradillas

11, 276, 400 580-610 130-144 n.d. n.d.

Rincón

136 90-153 250 n.d. n.d.

Río Grande

6, 20, 155, 225 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Sabana Grande

198, 374, 941 125 514 15 n.d.

Salinas

87, 226 60-154 200-1,300 n.d. n.d.

90 80-152 156-1,450 13-29 24

Municipio and industrial 

park number

Depth below land 

surface (feet)

Yield (gallons per 

minute)

 Specific capacity 

(gallons per minute per 

foot of drawdown)

Duration of well test 

(hours)

Table 3. Characteristics of wells near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued

[n.d., no data; if two numbers are separated by a dash (for example 55-129) numbers indicate range of data for more than one well]
28 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

San German

264, 412 73-100 45-273 n.d. n.d.

San Juan

7, 21, 150 70-146 75-150 13.5-20 13

22 405 240 7 24

52 33-126 25-160 45 n.d.

137 90-200 50-1,200 15-18 n.d.

San Lorenzo

109 350 30 0.36 24

San Sebastián

142 300 n.d. n.d. n.d.

Santa Isabel

 76 165-250 1,000-2,800 5.4 12

37 75-140 40-100 4.6-16.7 n.d.

Toa Alta

82 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Toa Baja

217 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Trujillo Alto

233, 357, 957 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Utuado

203, 396 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Vega Alta

206, 292 120-220 180-300 3.6-4 24

Vega Baja

96 128-360 400-500 73 n.d.

Vieques

250 42-60 25-45 n.d. n.d.

175 35-45 20-30 n.d. n.d.

Villalba

148, 262, 285 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Yabucoa

425 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Yauco

63, 271 82-100 80-1,050 11-25 47

Municipio and industrial 

park number

Depth below land 

surface (feet)

Yield (gallons per 

minute)

 Specific capacity 

(gallons per minute per 

foot of drawdown)

Duration of well test 

(hours)

Table 3. Characteristics of wells near industrial parks in Puerto Rico.—Continued

[n.d., no data; if two numbers are separated by a dash (for example 55-129) numbers indicate range of data for more than one well]

Figure
Figure 29

Figures
Figure 1. Index of maps for figures 3 through 34.
Figure 2. Correlation of geologic and hydrogeologic units of Puerto Rico (modified from Olcott, 1997).
32 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 3. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Aguadilla and Isabela, Puerto Rico.
Figure 33

Figure 4. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Quebradillas and Lares, Puerto Rico.
34 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 5. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Camuy and Hatillo, Puerto Rico.
Figure 6. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Figure 7. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Barceloneta, Manatí, Florida, and Ciales, Puerto Rico.
Figure 37

Figure 8. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Vega Baja, Vega Alta, Morovis, and 

Corozal, Puerto Rico.
Figure 9. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Dorado, Toa Baja, Toa Alta, and Naranjito, Puerto Rico
Figure 10. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Bayamón and Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
Figure 11. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Cataño, San Juan, and Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Figure 12. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Río Grande, Luquillo, and Fajardo, Puerto Rico
Figure 13. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Ceiba and Naguabo, Puerto Rico.
Figure 43

Figure 14. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Humacao, Yabucoa, and Maunabo, 

Puerto Rico.
44 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 15. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Rincón, Aguada, and Moca, Puerto 

Rico.
Figure 45

Figure 16. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near San Sebastián, Puerto Rico.
46 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 17. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Mayagüez and Añasco, Puerto Rico.
Figure 47

Figure 18. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Las Marías, Puerto Rico.
48 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 19. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Hormigueros, Lajas, and Cabo Rojo, 

Puerto Rico.
Figure 49

Figure 20. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Maricao, Sabana Grande, and San 

Germán, Puerto Rico.
Figure 21. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Peñuelas, Guayanilla, Yauco, and Guánica, Puerto Ric
Figure 51

Figure 22. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Villalba, Juana Díaz, and Ponce, 

Puerto Rico.
52 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 23. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Coamo, Puerto Rico.
Figure 53

Figure 24. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Salinas and Santa Isabel, Puerto 

Rico.
54 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 25. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Guayama, Puerto Rico.
Figure 55

Figure 26. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Patillas and Arroyo, Puerto Rico.
Figure 27. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Utuado, Adjuntas, and Jayuya, Puerto Rico.
Figure 28. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Orocovis, Puerto Rico.
Figure 29. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Barranquitas, Comerío, Aibonito, and Cayey, Puerto R
Figure 30. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Cidra, Puerto Rico.
Figure 31. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Aguas Buenas, Caguas, Gurabo, Juncos, San LorenzoRico.
Figure 32. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Trujillo Alto, Canóvanas, and Loíza, Puerto Rico.
Figure 33. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Vieques, Puerto Rico.
Figure 34. Map showing hydrogeologic units and location of municipal industrial parks near Culebra, Puerto Rico.
64 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 35. Graph showing ground-water withdrawals at Puerto Rico industrial parks by 

hydrogeologic unit.

Figure 36. Graph showing ground-water withdrawals at Puerto Rico industrial parks by 

industrial group.
Figure 65

Figure 37. Graphs showing ground-water withdrawals within or near municipal industrial parks by hydrogeologic unit.
66 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 37. Graphs showing ground-water withdrawals within or near municipal industrial parks by hydrogeologic 

unit.—Continued
Figure 67

Figure 38. Graphs showing ground-water levels at selected observation wells in Puerto Rico.
68 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 38. Graphs showing ground-water levels at selected observation wells in Puerto Rico.—Continued
Figure 69

Figure 38. Graphs showing ground-water levels at selected observation wells in Puerto Rico.—Continued
70 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 38. Graphs showing ground-water levels at selected observation wells in Puerto Rico.—Continued
Figure 71

Figure 38. Graphs showing ground-water levels at selected observation wells in Puerto Rico.—Continued
72 Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000

Figure 38. Graphs showing ground-water levels at selected observation wells in Puerto Rico.—Continued
Figure 73

Figure 38. Graphs showing ground-water levels at selected observation wells in Puerto Rico.—Continued
District Chief

Caribbean District

U.S. Geological Survey

Water Resources Division

GSA Center, Suite 400-15

651 Federal Drive

Guaynabo, Puerto Rico 00965-5703

Rodríguez—Assessment of Ground-Water Withdrawals at Municipal Industrial Parks in Puerto Rico, 2000—SIR 2004-5029