#### Maicho Fortunato, Plaintiff, *v.*The Mayor, etc., of the City of New York et al., Defendants.

(Supreme Court, New York Special Term,

March, 1898.)

"Referee — Removal for bias.

A' referee’s report, made in an action to which the city of New York is a party, will not be set aside upon mere proof that the referee, -ah attorney well known to have had great experience and knowledge of-the laws relative to the city and who had frequently been retained by it as counsel, had, during the pendency of the reference, been retained as special counsel for it In certain cases wholly unrelated to the' one referred and that he had also been retained in another city case before the -reference was directed, as the court cannot, in the absence -of proof, assume that his action as referee will be affected by such retainers.

Motion to set 'aside a referee’s report and the judgment entered thereon.

C. J. G. Hall, for motion.

John Whalen (Theodore Connoly, of counsel), for Mayor, etc.

Deyo, Duer & Bauerdorf, opposed.

Freedman, J.

This is a motion made by the defendant, Helen JL Dawson, administratrix, etc., to set aside a referee’s report and the judgment entered thereon.

*83The questions litigated before the referee were as- to the amount due from the city, if any, upon a contract between the city and John F. Dawson for regulating and grading Edgecomb avenue, and to whom that money, if any was due, should be paid. Dawson had assigned the moneys coming due on the contract to two different parties, viz.: the Twelfth Ward Bank and Thomas' Patten, for the repayment of moneys borrowed by Dawson from both.

The final estimate did not show enough money .to satisfy both claims, but Dawson made an additional claim for extra work. If this claim for extra work had been allowed, there would be sufficient money to pay substantially both the bank and Patten, and the litigation between the bank and the Patten estate, each claiming priority, would soon be ended. Both the bank and the Patten estate, therefore, sought to have Dawson’s claim for extra work against the city allowed, and while each claimed priority as against the other, they both desired this additional sum to fall back upon.

The referee decided adversely to the bank, in favor of Patten’s estate, and against Dawson’s claim for extra work. After the report had been filed and judgment had been entered thereon, the bank and Dawson’s estate appealed. After that, it is claimed, it was discovered by the attorney and counsel of the estate of Dawson, that during the pendency of the reference before him the referee, Thomas Allison, Esq., had accepted retainers as counsel from the defendant, the city, in several proceedings. This is claimed to have been legal misconduct in the referee, for which his report and the judgment entered thereon should be set aside, and the present motion is made by Helen A. Dawson, as administratrix, etc., for that purpose.

It is undoubtedly true that, references have been set aside on very slight proof of improper relations between the referee and the adverse party, and it may be conceded that the court should be swift in doing so, where but one inference can arise from the retainer of the referee and such inference inakes it apparent that harm might have come to the moving party by reason "of the relations between the adverse party and the referee. Stebbins v. Brown, 65 Barb. 272, is a leading authority upon that point.

But in the case at bar an exceptional state of facts has been presented. :

Mr. Thomas Allison has long been known and treated by the profession as a lawyer possessing special knowledge of all laws relating to the city and county of New York and of the various de*84partments thereof and having vast practical experience in important litigations in which the city has been engaged.

As a consequence -thereof he. has during the last twenty years been retained as special counsel not only for the city, but also and more frequently against the city.

Moreover during the same period he was, in view of his exceptional qualifications in that respect, frequently selected by the consent of all parties interested to act as referee in litigations' involving questions under the laws applicable to the city and county of New York. ■ .

These facts are well known throughout the legal profession, and the attorney and counsel for the moving party must have been well aware of their existence in general, and yet with such knowledge he consented to the appointment of Mr. Allison as referee.

The claim is made, however, by said attorney and counsel, that,since the filing of the referee’s report, he discovered for the first time that during the pendency of the reference, Mr. Allison acted as special counsel for the city in five school site cases and in'the. case commonly known as the Speedway case. That Mr. Allison so acted is conceded. In the school site cases he was retained during' the pendency of the reference. In the Speedway case he was retained years before the reference. Assuming then that the discovery of these' particular facts did not occur before the time alleged, the question remains as to the importance to be given to such particular facts.

In view of the well-known general, situation of affairs, the particular facts subsequently discovered are relatively unimportant .unless it is shown that Mr. Allison was probably influenced by his retainers in these matters.

No such proof has been given, nor can any such inference be legitimately drawn. No claim or criticism is made that lie was overpaid for his services. Moreover it has been distinctly shown that at no time did Mr. Allison ever act for and against the' city in the same'proceeding or act as referee in any action or proceeding in which he-had ever advised either of the parties as to any matter involved in the reference before him or had acted as attorney or counsel for either of the parties as to any matter so involved. And it further appears that the attorney making the present .motion as attorney for the Dawson estate acted on the trial before Mr. Allison in concert with and not in opposition to O. W. Dayton, the attorney for the Twelfth Ward Bank; that they both opposed'tlie *85claims of the city and those of the Patten estate; that within the past few ¡years Mr. Allison has twice acted as counsel, in behalf of the said Twelfth Ward Bank, in matters in which said Dayton was attorney; that at the very time the reference herein was proceeding before Mr. Allison he was, and he still is, counsel for the president of said bank in an action to which such president was a party individually and which involves a large amount; and that nevertheless Mr. Allison decided against the bank in this action. Moreover the bank does not join in the present attack upon Mr. Allison, although it has a very large and substantial interest, while the Dawson estate has but a slight and remote interest. And in conclusion it may be said that after all the real question involved in the controversy between the Dawson estate and the city seems to be one of law which can be fully presented and taken care of npon the appeal from, the judgment entered upon the referee’s report.

For the foregoing considerations the case at bar is completely covered by the case of Baird v. Mayor.

A motion was made in that case to remove John K. Porter, as referee, upon the ground that the referee had such professional relations with the plaintiff and his assignor, as to render it improper that the case should be tried by him.

It appeared by the affidavits that the referee was counsel for a corporation intimately connected with the. plaintiff, and Judge Davis, at Chambers, in denying the motion, said:

“ It is not pretended that the employment of Judge Porter as • counsel for the Gilbert Elevated Railway Company has been brought about, since the reference to him, for the purpose of affecting his determination of this case, for his retainer was long antecedent to the reference, and neither the plaintiff nor his assignor ever had anything to do with it, nor has it occasioned any personal relations between him and the plaintiff or his assignor, that can reasonably be supposed to have affected to any extent his judicial fairness. I have looked through the affidavits and the proceedings on the reference, and the statements of the counsel on this subject before the referee to see if I could discover the slightest ground for a suspicion that his. decision of this case might be influenced by the fact of his being counsel for the Gilbert Elevated Railroad Company; but I can discover no- ground whatever for entertaining such belief or fear. The counsel on. both sides frankly declare that they neither make nor believe in any such imputation. The case is not brought, therefore, within any of the authorities *86cited where a party to a reference with obvious intent to gain favor with a-referee, has employed him as counsel, or placed business in his hands, and the referee has accepted the same with reason to suppose that such, was the intent.”

This opinion is in manuscript, but upon the affirmance of the order denying the motion to set aside the order of reference by the General Term, an appeal was taken to the Court of Appeals and the court said: . . :

“We think this order should be affirmed. The question whether there were any relations between the referee and the' plaintiff, or his assignor, which rendered it improper for the referee, to hear and decide the case, and called upon the court to vacate the order of reference was addressed to the discretion of the court below, and its decision is not reviewable here. We may say, however, in passing, that, in our judgment, there is not the slightest ground for the motion in this-aspect.” Baird v. Mayor, 74 N. Y. 382-385.

The motion to set aside the referee’s report and the judgment entered thereon should be denied, with $10 costs, but the moving ■party may have thirty days after service of a copy of the order to be entered hereon to make and serve a case on appeal.

Ordered accordingly.