Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Geological Survey and the 

University of North Carolina, Wilmington 

Preliminary Physical Stratigraphy and Geophysical 

Data of the USGS Hope Plantation Core (BE-110), 

Bertie County, North Carolina 

By Robert E. Weems, Ellen L. Seefelt, Beth M. Wrege, Jean M. Self-Trail, David C. 

Prowell, Colleen Durand, Eugene F. Cobbs III, and Kevin C. McKinney 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. 

Government. 

Open-File Report 2007-1251 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 
DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mark D. Myers, Director 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007

Revised and reprinted: 2007

For product and ordering information:
 

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod
 

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS
 

For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth,
 

its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment:
 

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov
 

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS
 

Suggested citation: 

Weems, R.E., Seefelt, E.L., Wrege, B.M., Self-Trail, J.M., Prowell, D.C., Durand, C., Cobbs III, E.F., 

and McKinney, K.C., 2007, Preliminary physical stratigraphy and geophysical data of the USGS 

Hope Plantation core (BE-110), Bertie County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 2007-1251. 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government. 

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual 

copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. 

2
 
CONTENTS

Introduction 

Physical Stratigraphy and Lithology 

Hydrogeology and Geophysical Logging 

Acknowledgments 

References 

FIGURES 

1. Map of eastern North Carolina showing the location of Hope Plantation in Bertie County. 

2. Topographic map and areal photograph showing the location of corehole BE-110-2004. 

3. Monitoring well construction report. 

4. Plot showing the correlation between lithology and geophysical data in BE-110-2004. 

PHOTOGRAPHS 

 Box 1 Box 21 Box 41 Box 61 Box 81
 

 Box 2 Box 22 Box 42 Box 62 Box 82
 

 Box 3 Box 23 Box 43 Box 63 Box 83
 

 Box 4 Box 24 Box 44 Box 64 Box 84

 Box 5 Box 25 Box 45 Box 65 Box 85

 Box 6 Box 26 Box 46 Box 66 Box 86

 Box 7 Box 27 Box 47 Box 67 Box 87

 Box 8 Box 28 Box 48 Box 68 Box 88

 Box 9 Box 29 Box 49 Box 69 Box 89

 Box 10 Box 30 Box 50 Box 70 Box 90

 Box 11 Box 31 Box 51 Box 71 Box 91

 Box 12 Box 32 Box 52 Box 72 Box 92

 Box 13 Box 33 Box 53 Box 73 Box 93

 Box 14 Box 34 Box 54 Box 74 Box 94

 Box 15 Box 35 Box 55 Box 75 Box 95

 Box 16 Box 36 Box 56 Box 76 Box 96

 Box 17 Box 37 Box 57 Box 77 Box 97

 Box 18 Box 38 Box 58 Box 78 Box 98

 Box 19 Box 39 Box 59 Box 79 Box 99

 Box 20 Box 40 Box 60 Box 80
 

3
 
TABLES
 

Table 1. Nannofossil occurrence chart.
 

APPENDICES
 

Appendix 1. Hope Plantation lithologic log 

Appendix 2. Hope Plantation run log 

Appendix 3. Hope Plantation sampling log 

4 
Introduction 

In March and April, 2004, the U.S. 

Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with 

the North Carolina Geological Survey (NCGS) 

and the Raleigh Water Resources Discipline 

(WRD), drilled a stratigraphic test hole and well 

in Bertie County, North Carolina (fig. 1). The 

Hope Plantation test hole (BE-110-2004) was 

cored on the property of Hope Plantation near 

Windsor, North Carolina. The drill site is located 

on the Republican 7.5 minute quadradrangle at 

lat 36°01’58”N., long 78°01’09”W. (decimal 

degrees 36.0329 and 77.0192) (fig. 2). The 

altitude of the site is 48 ft above mean sea level 

as determined by Paulin Precise altimeter. This 

test hole was continuously cored by Eugene F. 

Cobbs, III and Kevin C. McKinney (USGS) to a 

total depth of 1094.5 ft. Later, a ground water 

observation well was installed with a screened 

interval between 315-329 feet below land surface 

(fig. 3). Upper Triassic, Lower Cretaceous, 

Upper Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary 

sediments were recovered from the site. The 

core is stored at the NCGS Coastal Plain core 

storage facility in Raleigh, North Carolina. 

In this report, we provide the initial 

lithostratigraphic summary recorded at the drill 

site along with site core photographs, data from 

the geophysical logger, calcareous nannofossil 

biostratigraphic correlations (Table 1) and initial 

hydrogeologic interpretations. The lithostratigraphy 

from this core can be compared to previous 

investigations of the Elizabethtown 

corehole, near Elizabethtown, North Carolina 

in Bladen County (Self-Trail, Wrege, and others, 

2004), the Kure Beach corehole, near Wilmington, 

North Carolina in New Hanover County 

(Self-Trail, Prowell, and Christopher, 2004), 

the Esso #1, Esso #2, Mobil #1 and Mobil #2 cores 

in the Albermarle and Pamlico Sounds (Zarra, 1989), 

and the Cape Fear River outcrops in Bladen County 

(Farrell, 1998; Farrell and others, 2001). This core 

is the third in a series of planned benchmark 

coreholes that will be used to elucidate the physical 

stratigraphy, facies, thickness, and hydrogeology 

of the Tertiary and Cretaceous Coastal Plain 

sediments of North Carolina. 

Physical stratigraphy and lithology 

General lithologic descriptions were 

made at the drill site. These descriptions are 

summarized briefly here and in detail within 

Appendix 1. Sediment colors are based on The 

Geological Society of America Rock Color Chart 

(Goddard and others, 1995) and all colors are 

taken from wet samples. Stratigraphic nomenclature follows Gohn (1992), as modified by 

Prowell and others (2003) Self-Trail, Prowell, 

and Christopher (2004), and Sohl and Owens 

(1991). In the past, Prowell and Self-Trail among 

others generally have described as “silty clay” 

the lithology here designated as “very clayey 

silt.” In this report, however, we do not claim 

the presence of such an extremely fine lithology 

because we do not yet have definitive grain-size 

analyses to confirm the presence of true clay 

beds in this core. 

Corehole BE-110-2004 penetrated 1094.5 

feet of Triassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary, and 

Quaternary sediments (fig. 4). The Triassic 

rocks, which have been slightly metamorphosed 

thermally, are assigned to the Carnian-Norian 

Chatham Group of the Newark Supergroup 

(Weems and Olsen, 1997). The Lower 

Cretaceous section is provisionally assigned to 

the Aptian Patuxent Formation of the Potomac 

Group on the basis of its lithology and position at 

the base of the Coastal Plain section. The lower 

portion of the Upper Cretaceous section 

(previously referred in North Carolina to the 

“Eaglefordian” by Murray, 1961) is provisionally 

assigned to the Clubhouse Formation 

(Cenomanian), and an unnamed formation 

(Turonian) that has been incorrectly called the 

“Cape Fear Formation” in the deep subsurface of 

South Carolina (Gohn and others, 1977; Hazel 

and others, 1977; Hattner and Wise, 1980; 

Christopher, 1982; Fallaw and others, 1990; 

Gohn and Campbell, 1991; Frederickson and 

others, 1991; Gohn, 1992; Martin and Simones, 

1992; Falls and others, 1993; Gellici and Logan, 

5
 
1993; Radosevich and Klein, 1993; Snipes and 

others, 1993; Martin and Simones, 1994; Martin 

and others, 1994; Poppe and others, 1994; Fallaw 

and Price, 1995; Howe and others, 1996; Falls 

and others, 1997a,b; Temples and Engelhardt, 

1997; Watson and others, 1997; Christopher and 

others, 1999; Christopher and others, 2000; Falls 

and Prowell, 2001; Frederiksen and others, 2001; 

Gellici and others, 2001). This unnamed 

formation is overlain by the upper Coniacianlower Santonian Cape Fear Formation 

interbedded with tongues of the laterally 

equivalent Pleasant Creek Formation. Above 

this is the lower portion of the middle Santonianupper Campanian Tar Heel Formation of the 

Black Creek Group, and an unnamed upper 

Campanian formation that lies stratigraphically 

above the Donoho Creek Formation of the Black 

Creek Group and below the Peedee Formation. 

Field identification of lag deposits and 

unconformable surfaces suggests that the Tar 

Heel Formation of the Black Creek Group can be 

subdivided into units that correlate with the 

Shepherd Grove and Caddin Formations of South 

Carolina. The Upper Cretaceous sec-tion is 

overlain unconformably by the Lower Tertiary 

(Paleocene, Danian) Beaufort Group (Harris and 

Laws, 1994), which in turn is overlain 

unconformably by the Upper Tertiary (upper 

Pliocene) Yorktown and Chowan River 

Formations. The youngest unit recovered at this 

site was the Quaternary Charles City Formation. 

Core BE-110 was sampled for microfossil 

abundance, strontium analysis, and water 

analysis (fig. 4, Appendix 3). Typically, units 

thought to represent marginal marine to fully 

marine settings were sampled for calcareous 

nannofossils and dinoflagellates, while pollen 

samples were extracted from marginal marine to 

nonmarine sediments. Assignment here of 

lithologic units to particular formations may 

require revision in light of results from forthcoming paleontological analyses of the samples 

taken. 

Hydrogeology and geophysical logging 

Hydrologic data collected from the Hope 

Plantation stratigraphic core hole included 

hydrology-oriented lithologic descriptions, 

borehole geophysical well logs, and water level. 

The entire Hope Plantation core was examined 

on site immediately upon recovery for physical 

characteristics that affect porosity and 

permeability. Hydrology oriented lithologic 

descriptions were derived from core samples 

following the standards of Wentworth (1922). 

Borehole geophysical well logs were collected, 

using standard induction and gamma protocols as 

described by Keys (1984), to determine the 

thickness of formations, make aquifer 

determinations, and to provide information for 

the design of the observation well. The 1095-ft 

Hope Plantation core hole was drilled during two 

separate sessions and geophysically logged after 

each session. The first round of drilling ran from 

March 8 to March 27, 2004; the second round ran 

from April 1 to April 18, 2004. Borehole 

geophysical surveys were run through the drill 

rod or in the open borehole after each round of 

drilling. Geophysical logs were collected on 

March 12 in the open hole (after the borehole had 

passed a depth of 40 ft prior to installing surface 

casing), on March 27 (after the first round of 

drilling), and on April 18 (after the final round of 

drilling when the drill had reached basement). 

The compilation of this suite of logs provides a 

complete profile of the borehole. A natural 

gamma log was collected from within the inner 

barrel using a Century Geophysical Corporation 

model 8043A resistance tool. The second 

complete set was collected in an open borehole 

using a Century model 9511A induction tool. 

Each hole was logged twice: once in the up and 

once in the down direction. Copies of the logs are 

available in a raw LAS format on the USGS 

website 

http://nc.water.usgs.gov/ccp/2004Hope/data.html 

. Water level was used to determine the head 

pressure differential of the screened interval. 

This was done with a piezometer that was 

installed in a discrete water-bearing zone and 

used to directly measure water level (Heath, 

1980). 

6
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hydrogeologic units in the North 

Carolina Coastal Plain are defined as sequences 

of mappable hydrologic packages of sediment 

that have similar physical characteristics. These 

units come in two basic types: aquifers and 

confining units. In this region, aquifers are 

composed of saturated or partially saturated 

sediments or limestones. Because of their 

physical characteristics (such as porosity, 

permeability and transmissivity) aquifers yield 

significant quantities of water to wells. Aquifers 

may be composed of a geologic formation, a 

group of geologic formations, or a portion of a 

formation or formations. An aquifer is not 

necessarily limited to individual geologic units, 

which means that it may be composed of 

interconnected saturated materials of different 

geologic ages. Except for the surficial aquifer, 

aquifers by definition occur in strata between 

adjacent confining units that separate aquifers. 

In the North Carolina Coastal Plain, a confining 

unit is primarily composed of material that has 

low permeability (clay, silt, and clayey sand). 

The general regional geology and permeability 

distribution that occurs below the Hope 

Plantation site has been defined by Brown and 

others (1972). The lithology and extent of 

various hydrologic formations that make up the 

North Carolina Coastal Plain aquifers are 

described by Winner and Coble (1989) in a 

RASA (Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis) 

report of the hydrologic framework of the 

Carolina Coastal Plain. This hydrogeologic 

framework was used to define the regional 

aquifers, describe their anticipated order, and 

provide initial model parameter estimates for 

porosity, permeability and transmissivity. The 

upper four aquifers and three confining units are 

saturated or partly saturated with freshwater. For 

purposes of this report, saline water is defined as 

water with chloride concentrations equal to or 

greater than 250 mg/L. (U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, 1991). 

The Hope Plantation stratigraphic core 

hole encountered six aquifers: the Surficial, 

Yorktown, Black Creek, Cape Fear and two 

deeper aquifers. The Yorktown Aquifer is 

comprised of undifferentiated Yorktown and 

Beaufort aquifers, because in this area there is no 

confining unit between them. The Upper Cape 

Fear Aquifer contains four discrete zones of high 

porosity and permeability, separated by partialconfining units. The deepest interval of this 

aquifer (315 to 329 feet depth) has potential as 

another source of potable water for the area. 

Because of this, an observation well was installed 

in this lowest zone of the Upper Cape Fear 

Aquifer. There is no head data, but we surmise 

that the Lower Cape Fear Aquifer may be 

separated from the Upper Cape Fear Aquifer at 

this location. The lowest two aquifers in this well 

are located within the Patuxent Formation of the 

Potomac group. In Bertie County, where the 

Hope Plantation stratigraphic core hole is 

located, water used for agriculture is generally 

derived from the surficial and Yorktown 

aquifers, and residential water supplies usually 

are extracted from the Black Creek Aquifer. The 

majority of the municipal and industrial watersupply wells in the surrounding area tap the Cape 

Fear Aquifer (Brown and others, 1972). 

Aquifers deeper than these often contain brackish 

water and may yield water with fluoride in 

excess of recommended drinking water standards 

(Brown, 1959). These deeper formations are 

generally not used for drinking water. The 

hydrostratigraphy summarized as follows:

 Depth (feet)

 0.0 – 1.0 top soil

 1.0 – 28.0 Surficial Aquifer

 28.0 – 91.0 Yorktown Confining Unit

 91.0 – 95.0 Yorktown Aquifer

 95.0 – 121.0 Beaufort Aquifer

 121.0 – 160.0 Black Creek Confining Unit

 160.0 – 188.4 Black Creek Aquifer

 188.4 – 208.0 Upper Cape Fear

 Confining Unit

 208.0 – 329.0 Upper Cape Fear Aquifer

 A. 208.0 – 224.0

 B. 240.0 – 250.0 

7
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 C. 261.0 – 276.0

 D. 315.0 – 329.0

 329.0 – 443.0 Lower Cape Fear

 Confining Unit

 443.0 – 472.0 Lower Cape Fear Aquifer

 472.0 – 759.0 Confining Unit

 759.0 – 847.5 Aquifer

 847.5 – 866.0 Confining Unit

 866.0 – 891.0 Aquifer

 891.0 – 1026.0 Potomac Group

 silts and clays 

1026.0 – 1094.5 Triassic basin rock 

Johnson Well Drilling was contracted to 

install a groundwater observation well in the 

partially sealed borehole drilled by the USGS. 

This well was installed in the open 329-ft surface 

section. A sandpack was installed in the annular 

space from 304 – 324 ft above the natural pack. 

The well was constructed of solid 2-in schedule40 PVC with a screen interval from 314 – 324 ft 

below land surface. A 2 x 2-ft concrete pad was 

installed for well-head protection at the surface, 

and the top of the casing was capped by a steel 

well-head cover. The top of casing extends 

above the pad to a height of 3.5 ft above land 

surface. Static water level was 52 ft below the 

top of casing. The well was developed using an 

airlift method. The well subsequently yielded 45 

gallons per minute (gpm), but this was not the 

maximum potential rate because flow rate was 

limited by pump size. This information is 

summarized in Figure 3. 

Acknowledgments 

The Hope Plantation corehole was drilled by 

USGS drillers Eugene F. Cobbs, III and Kevin C. 

McKinney, using a hydraulic-rotary, wirelinecoring rig. We thank Kathleen Farrell and the 

North Carolina Geological Survey for providing 

core-storage facilities. We also thank LuAnn W. 

Joyner and the rest of the staff and management 

of Hope Plantation for allowing us access to their 

property and facilities, and for allowing 

temporary storage of core and equipment. 

Reviews by Lucy Edwards (USGS) and W. 

Burleigh Harris (University of North Carolina at 

Wilmington) are gratefully acknowledged. 

8
Figure 1 -- Map of eastern North Carolina showing the location of Hope Plantation in Bertie County. 

9
 
 

 

Figure 2. USGS topographic map and areal photograph showing the location of corehole BE-110-2004

 (36.03290 N, 77.01920 W) in the Republican 7.5 minute quadrangle, Bertie County, N.C. 

10 
Figure 3 – Monitoring Well Construction Report 

11
 
1 

BE-110
	

PALYNOLOGY
	

SAMPLE
	

LOCATIONS
	

CALC - NANNOFOSSIL
	

ZONES
	

CALC- NANNOFOSSIL
	

SAMPLE
	

LOCATIONS
	

CORRECTED 87Sr / 86Sr

DONOHO CREEK? 12 G G

G

G G G G LITHOLOGY

CORE RECOVERY 

DEPOSITIONAL 

CORE BOX NUMBER 

0

20

EPOCH / STAGE

GROUPS

DEPTH ( FEET ) 

ELEVATION (FT) 

-50 

0

FORMATIONS 

GAMMA RAY SINGLE POINT

SYSTEM

RESISTIVITY (api) 

UPPER SERIES

(ohm-m) 

50 

100 

150 

200 

250 

300 

350

40

60 

80 

100 

0 QUATERNARY COLUMBIA PLEISTOCENE CHARLES CITY FM GROUP 

2
	

CHOWAN RIVER FM. 3

PLIOCENE

CHESAPEAKE

GROUP

TERTIARY

4 48.0' 0 5

6
	

7

8
	

97.0' 97' NP3 96.9' 100 10 102' NP3 101.9'

9 

NP3
	 107' NP3

CC23a

YORKTOWN FM. 

LOWER DANIAN BEAUFORT GP. JERICHO RUN FM. 11 110.7' 112.1’ 117' CC23a 114.8’ 117.3'

14

15
	

16
	

17
	

18
	

19
	

20

21
	

22
	

23
	

24
	

25
	

26
	

27
	

28
	

29

30

31
	

32
	

33
	

34
	

35

36
	

37
	

38
	

39
	

40
	

41
	

42
	

43
	

44
	

45
	

46
	

47

48
	 49
	

50
	

51
	

52
	

53

54
	 55

56
	

57
	

58
	

59
	

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70
	 71

72
	

73
	

74
	

75
	

76
	

77
	

78
	

79

80

81
	 82
	

83
	

84
	

85
	

86
	

87
	

88
	

89
	

90
	

91
	

92
	

93
	

94
	

95
	

96

97
	 98

99
	

Calcareous Sand 

Glauconitic Sand 

Clayey Sand 

and Gravel 

133.3' CC18c 148.3'
	

157.3'
	

166.0'
	

180.4'

185.8'

190.9'
	

223.6' 

277.4'

280.8' 

306.3' 

330.6' 

341.5' 

351.4' 

500.9' 

531.2' 

572.1' 

613.5'
	

620.5'

625.2'
	

641.0' 

658.1'
	

662.5'
	 CC10? 

687.7' 

CC10b 714.9' 

732.2'

735.8'
	

745.8'

747.0' 

810.5' 

882.2' 882.4' 

966.4' 

Gravel 

Lag Deposit 

Redbeds

122' CC19 

133' CC19

127' CC19 

137' CC18c

142' Barren

154' Barren 147' Barren 

159' Barren 

281' Barren 284' Barren

291' Mixed 

309' Barren 

383' Barren 

518' Barren 

621' Barren 

647’ monospecific

649’ CC10? 

656' CC10?

677' CC10? 

686' CC10b 

696' CC10b

702' CC10b 

715' CC10b

718' CC10b 

732' Barren

738' Barren 

746' Barren 

117.8’ 

665.9' 0.710250

668.6' 0.710250 

674.9' 0.710250

679.2' 0.710250 

682.5’ 0.710250 685.9' 0.710250 

688.6’ 0.710250 692.0’ 0.710250 

698.0' 0.710250 

708.4' 0.710250

712.0' 0.710250 

718.7' 0.710250

721.7' 0.710250 

123.0' 13 127.2' CC19

CAMPANIAN

TAR HEEL FM. CAPE FEAR FM.? PLEASANT CREEK / CAPE FEAR UNDIF. FM. PATUXENT FM ? CLUBHOUSE FM. 

-100 

200
	

-200
	

300
	

-300
	

400
	

-400
	

500
	

-500
	

600
	

-600
	

700
	

-700
	

800
	

-800
	

900
	

-900
	

1000
	

1000
	

1100
	

Explanation 

Clayey Silt Clayey Sand 

Sandy Clay Silty Sand 

Interbedded Sand Clay and Sand 

CARNIAN/

NORIAN APTIAN/ALBIAN UNDIF. CENOMANIAN CONIACIAN - SANTONIAN

UPPER LOWER UPPER 

CRETACEOUS TRIASSIC

POTOMAC GROUP CHAT HAM GROUP 

Figure 4. Plot showing the correlation between lithology and geophysical data in

BE-110-2004. 

 12
	
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13
 
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Harris, W.B., and Laws, R.A., 1994, Paleogene sediments on the axis of the Cape Fear Arch, Long 

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Hattner, J.G., and Wise, S.W., Jr, 1980, Upper Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of South 

Carolina: South Carolina Geology, v. 24, n. 2, p. 41-117. 

14
 
Hazel, J. E., Bybell, L. M., Christopher, R. A., Frederiksen, N. O., May, F. E., McLean, D. M., Poore, R. 

Z., Smith, C. C., Sohl, N. F., Valentine, P. C., and Witmer, R. J., 1977, Biostratigraphy of the deep 

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1996, Application of Terrastation software to the correlation of Late Cretaceous stratigraphic units 

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the Cape Fear Formation (Cretaceous), South Carolina: Geological Society of America, Abstracts 

with Programs, v. 24, n. 7, p. 253-254. 

Martin, A. J., and Simones, G. C., 1994, Late Cretaceous ichnofacies, Savannah River Site, Atlantic 

Coastal Plain, South Carolina; relation to depositional environments and hydrostratigraphy: 

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15
 
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48 p. 

16
 
APPENDIX 1. Hope Plantation lithologic log. Common lithologic abbreviations include: vf (very fine), 

f (fine), m (medium), c (coarse), and vc (very coarse) for sand sizes; tr (trace = <1%); HCl (hydrochloric 

acid). Land surface elevation is 48 feet above mean sea level. 

0.0 – 3.0 ft: Run 1 

Disturbed Earth

 0.0 – 0.4 ft: VARIED, sand and clay, swirled, varicolored. Box 1. 

Charles City Formation

 0.4 – 1.3 ft: SAND, quartz, silty, f-m, subangular; organic-rich, black (N1). Box 1.

 1.3 – 1.9 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subangular; yellow (10YR 7/6) and light brownish gray (10YR 

6/2). Box 1.

 1.9 – 3.0 ft: No recovery. 

3.0 – 7.0 ft: Run 2

 3.0 – 3.9 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m grading down to m-c then back to f-m, subround; light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1) grading down to light bluish gray (5B 7/1). Box 1.

 3.9 – 4.2 ft.: SAND, quartz, vf-f, silty and clayey; light bluish gray (5B 7/1). Box 1.

 4.2 – 4.5 ft: SAND, quartz, f, with scattered grains up to c, subangular, silty; dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6). Box 1.

 4.5 – 7.0 ft: No recovery. 

7.0 – 12.0 ft: Run 3

 7.0 – 7.5 ft: SAND, quartz, m-c, thixotropic; estuarine?; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) grading down to 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6). Box 1.

 7.5 – 7.7 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, silty and clayey; faintly banded, paleosol?; olive gray (5Y 3/2). 

Box 1.

 7.7 – 9.0 ft: SAND, quartz, m-vc, very poorly sorted, silty; massive, fluvial?; medium brownish 

gray (10YR 5/1) grading near base to medium gray (N 5); very coarse quartz grains 

bluish. Box 1.

 9.0 – 12.0 ft: No recovery. 

12.0 – 15.0 ft: Run 4 

12.0 – 12.9 ft: SAND, quartz, silty and clayey, f-c, very poorly sorted, subangular; moderate 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) grading down to brownish gray (5YR 4/1). Box 1. 

12.9 – 13.6 ft: SAND, quartz, f-c, very poorly sorted, subround, clean, thrixotropic; yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) with rare blue quartz grains. Box 1. 

13.6 – 15.0 ft: No recovery. 

17
 
15.0 – 20.0 ft: Run 5 

15.0 – 17.7 ft: SAND, quartz, feldspathic, f-vc, very poorly sorted, subangular; gravelly with quartz 

clasts up to 1 cm at top but only up to 0.5 cm at base, clasts dominantly subangular 

to subround; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 1 and Box 2. 

17.7 – 20.0 ft: No recovery. 

20.0 – 24.0 ft: Run 6 

20.0 – 23.0 ft: No core recovery. Washings are SAND, quartz, feldspathic, m-vc, subangular to 

subround; light greenish gray (5GY 8/1). 

23.0 – 24.0 ft: No recovery. Geophysical log indicates gravel in this interval. 

24.0 – 29.0 ft: Run 7 

24.0 – 28.0 ft: No recovery, except for three rounded quartz pebbles 1-2.5 cm in diameter. 

Geophysical log indicates gravel in this interval. 

Chowan River Formation 

28.0 – 29.0 ft: No recovery, top boundary picked from geophysical log. 

29.0 – 31.0 ft: Run 8 

29.0 – 30.4 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, silty; sparse chlorite (?) and phosphate sand; contains 20% or 

more shells and shell fragments, including a pectenid (not Chesapecten); dark 

greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 2. 

30.4 – 30.5 ft: No recovery. 

31.0 – 34.0 ft: Run 9 

30.5 – 33.7 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, silty; sparse chlorite (?) and phosphate sand; contains 20% or 

more shells and shell fragments; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 2. 

33.7 – 34.0 ft: No recovery. 

34.0 – 40.0 ft: Run 10 

34.0 – 39.2 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, silty, with sparse chlorite(?) and phosphate; contains 20% or 

more shells and shell fragments; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 2 and Box 3. 

39.2 – 40.0 ft: No recovery. 

40.0 – 50.0 ft: Run 11 

40.0 – 42.3 ft: COQUINA, composed mostly of pelecypod and gastropod shells and shell 

fragments, contains less than 40% vf-f clean quartz sand, worn coral fragments 

present near base; sharp basal contact; greenish gray (5G 6/1). Box 3. 
Yorktown Formation 

42.3 – 49.8 ft: SILT, clayey and well laminated, sparsely shelly, interbedded with SAND, quartz, 

vf, moderately shelly; silt layers thicken downward; dark greenish gray (6G Y 4/1). 

Box 3 and Box 4. 

49.8 – 50.0 ft: No recovery. 

50.0 – 60.0 ft: Run 12 

50.0 – 59.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, silty, finely micaceous, interbedded with SILT, clayey, vf sandy; 

shells sparse in sandy beds and absent in silt beds; foraminifera present in sand beds; 

clayey silts thinly bedded and bedding slightly wavy; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). 

Box 4, Box 5, and Box 6. 

59.5 – 60.0 ft: No recovery. 

60.0 – 70.0 ft: Run 13 

60.0 – 69.7 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, silty, finely micaceous, interbedded with SILT, clayey, vf sandy; 

sparse Mulinia shells in sandy beds and absent in silt beds; foraminifera present in 

sand beds; clayey silts thinly bedded and bedding slightly wavy; dark greenish gray 

(5GY 4/1). Box 6 and Box 7. 

69.7 – 70.0 ft: No recovery. 

70.0 – 80.0 ft: Run 14 

70.0 – 80.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, silty, finely micaceous, interbedded with SILT, clayey, vf sandy; 

sparse Mulinia shells in sandy beds and absent in silt beds; foraminifera present in 

sand beds; clayey silts thinly bedded and bedding slightly wavy; more burrowed than 

beds above and burrows filled with vf quartz and glauconite sand; dark greenish gray 

(5G 4/1) with a few (organic rich?) interbeds of greenish black (5GY 2/1). Box 7 and 

Box 8. 

80.0 – 90.0 ft: Run 15 

80.0 – 83.8 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, silty, finely micaceous, interbedded with SILT, clayey, vf sandy; 

sparse Mulinia shells in sandy beds and absent in silt beds, foraminifera present in 

sand beds; clayey silts thinly bedded and bedding slightly wavy; burrows filled with 

vf quartz and glauconite sand; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 8 and Box 9. 

83.8 – 83.9 ft: SAND, quartz (97%), f-m, glauconite and phosphate?, f; moderately shelly; probable 

slight unconformity at base; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 9. 

83.9 – 84.0 ft: SILT, clayey, micaceous, vf sandy; cheesy texture; pale olive (10 Y 6/2). Box 9. 

84.0 – 90.0 ft: No recovery. 

19
 
90.0 – 95.0 ft: Run 16 

90.0 – 91.3 ft: SILT, clayey, micaceous, vf quartz sandy; cheese-like texture; pale olive (10 Y 6/2). 

Box 9. 

91.3 – 92.4 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, very poorly sorted, subround, silty; contains scattered rounded 

quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter and scattered rounded and polished phosphate 

granules up to 0.4 cm in diameter; sparsely shelly; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). 

Box 9. 

92.4 – 94.6 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-vc (modally m), very poorly sorted, subangular to subround, silty, 

garnetiferous; very pebbly, subangular to subround quartz pebbles and subround to 

round phosphate pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter; about 30% shells and shell 

fragments; sharp basal contact; matrix greenish black (5G 2/1). Box 9. 

Beaufort Group 

94.6 – 94.9 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subangular, silty, calcareous; greenish black (5GY 2/1). Box 9. 

94.9 – 95.0 ft: No recovery. 

95.0 – 100.0 ft: Run 17 

95.0 – 95.4 ft: SANDSTONE, quartz, f-c (modally m), calcite-cemented, semi-indurated; olive gray 

(5 Y 4/1). Box 9. 

95.4 – 98.3 ft: SAND, quartz, f-c (modally m), angular to subangular, includes 7-10% subround to 

round phosphate sand, with <5% silt matrix, slightly calcareous; blue quartz grains 

(tr) and rare shell fragments; massive but with rare clay-silt stringers; high porosity, 

medium to low transmissivity; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 9 and Box 10. 

98.3 – 100.0 ft: No recovery 

100.0 – 110.0 ft: Run 18 

100.0 – 100.9 ft: SANDSTONE, quartz, mostly f-m, some c, subangular, calcite-cemented, includes 

about 10% glauconite sand and about 10% silt matrix; faintly bedded; medium 

bluish gray (5B 5/1). Box 10. 

100.9 – 110.0 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, some c, subangular, includes about 5% glauconite sand 

decreasing downward to about 2-3% and about 10% silt matrix, slightly calcareous; 

massive texture; sparsely shelly; some small scattered clayballs in basal foot; rare 

blue quartz grains; 101.7 to 108.9 has more porosity and transmissivity than rest of 

this interval; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 10 and Box 11. 

110.0 – 120.0 ft: Run 19 

110.0 – 114.1 ft: SAND, 97% of sand fraction quartz and 3% glauconite, f-m with sparse c, subround, 

with 15-20% silt matrix; large shell fragment at 112.0 ft; subround to round quartz 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter increase in abundance downward; low porosity, very 

low transmissivity; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 11 and Box 12. 

20
 
Unnamed formation (CC23 but lower than Peedee Fm. and higher than Donoho Creek Fm.) 

114.1 – 118.3 ft: SAND, 70% of sand fraction quartz and 30% glauconite, mostly f but some m, with 

5-10% silt matrix; silvery mica (tr); massive to faintly bedded; some shell ghosts 

present; amber bleb about 2 cm long at 116.8 ft; low porosity and very low 

transmissivity; basal 0.3 feet contains abundant rounded phosphate, quartz, and shell 

fragment granules; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 12. 

118.3 – 120.0 ft: No recovery. 

120.0 – 121.5 ft: Run 20 

120.0 – 121.0 ft: No recovery except for pseudo-discoidal pyrite nodule 24 x 22 x 8 mm. Resistivity 

and gamma logs indicate break at 121.0 ft. 

Tar Heel Formation (Caddin Formation equivalent) 

121.0 – 121.5 ft: No recovery 

121.5 – 130.0 ft: Run 21 

121.1 – 123.9 ft: SILT, clayey, vf-f and rare m quartz sandy, slightly calcareous; 1-2% silvery mica; 

scattered subround quartz granules and pebbles up to 1 cm present, as well as wood 

chips up to 1 cm long and scattered pyrite nodules; rare shell fragments; burrow 

mottled, but some wispy bedding remains; olive black (5Y 2/1). Box 12. 

123.9 – 124.0 ft: GRANULES, quartz, subround; small teleost vertebra present; olive black (5Y 2/1). 

Box 13. 

124.0 – 130.0 ft: SILT, clayey, vf-f and rare m quartz sandy, slightly calcareous; 1-2% silvery mica; 

scattered subround quartz granules and pebbles up to 1 cm present, as well as wood 

chips up to 1 cm long and scattered pyrite nodules; rare shell fragments; burrow 

mottled but some wispy bedding remains; olive black (5Y 2/1). Box 13. 

130.0 – 140.0 ft: Run 22 

130.0 – 140.0 ft: SILT, clayey, becoming more clayey downward, vf-f and rare m sandy, slightly 

calcareous; benthic foraminifera present; 3-4% silvery mica; scattered subround 

quartz granules and pebbles up to 1 cm present, as well as wood chips up to 1 cm 

long and scattered pyrite nodules; rare shell fragments; burrow mottled but some 

wispy bedding remains; olive black (5Y 2/1). Box 13, Box 14 and Box 15. 

140.0 – 150.0 ft: Run 23 

140.0 – 145.2 ft: SILT, clayey, vf-f and rare m sandy; more sandy downward, slightly calcareous; 

benthic foraminifera present; 3-4% silvery mica; scattered subround quartz granules 

and pebbles up to 1 cm; wood chips up to 1 cm long and scattered pyrite nodules 

present; rare shell fragments; burrow mottled but some wispy bedding remains, 

21
 
burrows filled with f-m subround quartz (90%) and glauconite (10%) sand; olive 

black (5Y 2/1). Box 15. 

145.2 – 150.0 ft: SAND, 60-70% of sand fraction quartz and 20-30% glauconite and/or phosphate, fm with rare c, subround, silty and clayey, slightly calcareous; rare pyrite nodules 

present; no obvious wood fragments; burrow mottling prominent; medium to low 

transmissivity; greenish black (5GY 2/1). Box 15 and Box 16. 

150.0 – 160.0 ft: Run 24 

150.0 – 153.6 ft: No recovery (due to fluctuating water pressure) 

153.6 – 160.0 ft: SAND, sand fraction 85-90% quartz and 10-15% glauconite, vf-f, subround, silty, to 

SILT, vf-f sandy, about 15% clay, noncalcareous; 2-3% silvery mica; faint wispy 

wavy discontinuous bedding; some burrows present; sparse pyrite nodules to 0.5 cm 

in diameter; lower transmissivity than above; greenish black (5GY 2/1). Box 16 and 

Box 17. 

Tar Heel Formation (Shepherd Grove Formation equivalent) 

160.0 – 162.0 ft: Run 25 

160.0 – 161.8 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m grading down to m-c with rare vc, with about 5% silt matrix, 

noncalcareous; silvery mica (tr) and blue quartz grains (tr); massive; olive gray (5Y

4/1) grading down to light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 17. 

161.8 – 162.0 ft: No recovery. 

162.0 – 170.0 ft: Run 26

 162.0 – 167.0 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, very poorly sorted, subround to round, with less than 2% silt 

matrix; mica (tr), garnet (tr), and blue quartz (tr); massive; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). 

Box 17 and Box 18. 

167.0 – 170.0 ft: No recovery. Geophysical logs suggest transmissive gravelly sand. 

170.0 – 180.0 ft: Run 27 

170.0 – 170.7 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, subangular to subround, with 3-5% silt and clay matrix; 

contains subangular quartz pebbles and wood chips up to 0.5 cm in diameter; light 

olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 18. 

170.7 – 172.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, angular to subangular, with 5-7% silt and clay matrix; silvery 

mica (tr) and rutilated quartz (tr); thin stringers of clay-silt define faint bedding; light 

olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 18. 

172.0 – 172.1 ft: SILT, clayey, noncalcareous; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 18. 

172.1 – 173.3 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, angular to subangular, with 3-5% silt and clay matrix; contains 

rounded lignite clasts up to 1 cm in diameter; silvery mica (tr) and rutilated quartz 

(tr); light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 18. 

173.3 – 180.0 ft: No recovery. Geophysical logs suggest transmissive gravelly sands in this interval. 

22
 
180.0 – 190.0 ft: Run 28 

180.0 – 184.2 ft: No recovery. Geophysical logs suggest transmissive gravelly sand in this interval. 

184.2 – 184.8 ft: SILT, clayey, vf-f quartz sandy, subround; 1% silvery mica, 1% fine lignite; poorly 

bedded; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 18. 

184.8 – 185.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf and some f; 3-5% silvery mica; lignite and clay concentrated in 

discontinuous stringers defining wavy planar bedding; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). 

Box 18. 

185.5 – 185.8 ft: SILT, contains less than 10% vf quartz sand, noncalcareous; thin flaser bedding; 

olive gray (5Y 4/1) and light olive gray (5Y 6/1) interlaminated. Box 18. 

185.8 – 188.3 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subround, grading down to f-vc and very poorly sorted, 

subangular, with 5% silt and clay matrix; lignite (tr), silvery mica (tr), and blue 

quartz (tr); subround quartz pebbles up to 1.5 cm in diameter in basal 0.3 foot; sharp 

basal contact; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 18 and Box 19. 

Cape Fear Formation (subaerial facies) 

188.3 – 190.0 ft: SILT, very clayey; contains 1% vf round quartz sand, chloritic(?); faintly bedded and 

locally blocky, dry, blocky intervals appear to be ped structures; olive black (5Y 2/1) 

mottled brownish gray (5YR 4/1) and olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 19. 

190.0 – 200.0 ft: Run 29 

190.0 – 194.5 ft: SILT, clayey to very clayey; some intervals poorly bedded and others blocky; 

scattered pyrite blebs present from 192.3 to 193.2 ft; local blebs of fine sand 

abundant, possibly root ghosts; no transmissivity; olive gray (5Y 4/1) grading about 

192.6 ft through light olive gray (5Y 6/1) mottled light greenish gray (5G 6/1), then 

grading about 194.2 to light greenish gray (5G 6/1) streaked and blotched moderate 

brown (5YR 4/4). Box 19. 

194.5 – 200.0 ft: No recovery. 

200.0 – 205.0 ft: Run 30 

200.0 – 204.2 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~3% vf quartz sand; silvery mica (tr); ped structures and 

poorly developed layering locally present; intensely color-mottled, mostly olive gray 

(5Y 4/1), grayish red (10R 4/2), light olive gray (5Y 6/1), moderate yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/4), and dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 19 and Box 20. 

204.2 – 205.0 ft: No recovery. 

205.0 – 210.0 ft: Run 31 

205.0 – 205.3 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~3% vf angular quartz sand; silvery mica (tr); ped 

structures and poorly developed layering locally present; intensely color-mottled, 

mostly olive gray (5Y 4/1), grayish red (10R 4/2), light olive gray (5Y 6/1), moderate 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 20. 

205.3 – 207.9 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~5% vf-f angular quartz sand; massive, very dense, 

conchoidal fracture; soil fabric includes root ghosts; irregular contact with bed 

23
 
below; dominantly dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) mottled dark reddish brown (10R 

3/4) and moderate yellowish brown (10 Y R5/4). Box 20. 

207.9 – 209.6 ft: SILT, contains ~25% vf-m subangular to angular quartz sand; ~1-2% silvery mica, 

~1% vf-f dark organic fragments; massive, subangular quartz granules concentrated 

at base; light olive gray (5Y 6/1) mottled moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). 

Box 20 and Box 21. 

209.6 – 209.9 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~5% vf-f angular quartz sand; massive, very dense, 

conchoidal fracture, soil fabric includes root ghosts; dominantly dark greenish gray 

(5GY 4/1) mottled dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) and moderate yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/4). Box 21. 

209.9 – 210.0 ft: No recovery. 

210.0 – 220.0 ft: Run 32 

210.0 – 211.0 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~5-7% f-m subangular quartz sand; ~1-2% silvery mica; 

very dense; faintly bedded, root structures visible; dominantly dark greenish gray 

(5GY 4/1) mottled moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 21. 

211.0 – 214.3 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~15% f-m subangular quartz sand; planar bedded; light olive 

gray (5Y 6/1) mottled olive gray (5Y 4/1); grading down to SAND, quartz, f-c, 

subangular, silty; some subangular quartz granules near base; ~2-3% silvery mica; 

cross-bedded, dark heavy minerals or graphite concentrated on some bedding planes; 

greenish gray (5GY 6/1) mottled moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 21. 

214.3 – 216.6 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~5-7% f-m subangular quartz sand; grades into bed below; 

moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottled light olive gray (5Y 6/1), dark reddish 

brown (10R 3/4), and moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 21. 

216.6 – 217.6 ft: SAND, quartz, f, subangular, with clay and silt matrix; grades into bed below; 

greenish gray (5GY 6/1) mottled dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) and moderate brown 

(5YR 4/4). Box 21 and Box 22. 

217.6 – 218.9 ft: SAND, quartz, feldspathic?, f-vc, subangular, with clay and silt matrix, subangular 

to subround, quartz granular; granules increase in abundance downward to about 3% 

at base, mostly quartz, smoky and rutilated; silvery mica (tr) near base; greenish gray 

(5GY 6/1) mottled dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) and moderate brown (5YR 4/4). 

Box 22. 

218.9 – 220.0 ft: No recovery. 

220.0 – 230.0 ft: Run 33 

220. 0 – 223.6 ft: SILT, clayey, containing vf-m quartz sand, grading to SAND, quartz, f-vc, with 

subangular to subround granules of quartz and feldspar present; up to 4% silvery 

mica present locally; poorly bedded, some bedding contorted; 1 cm-thick flattened 

lignitic branch or log cored at base; varicolored but mostly greenish gray (5GY 6/1), 

dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) moderate brown (5YR 4/4), and very dusky red (10R 

2/2); thin layer 1.5 cm-thick immediately above log or branch at base is silt, f-c 

subangular quartz sandy, dark gray (N 3). Box 22. 

223.6 – 230.0 ft: No recovery. Geophysical logs suggest this interval is moderately transmissive sand. 

24
 
230.0 – 240.0 ft: Run 34 

230.0 – 230.8 ft: SAND, quartz, f-c, subangular to subround; lignitic branch or log cored at 230.1 to 

230.2; below lignite, sand becomes quartz granular and contains clayballs; faint 

cross-bedding; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) grading down to light olive gray (5Y 

6/1). Box 22. 

230.8 – 233.9 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~3% f quartz sand; silvery mica (tr); mostly massive, 

 with some ped structures and root ghosts present; greenish gray (5G 6/1) streaked 

medium dark gray (N 4) and greenish gray (5GY 6/1), grading at about 232.2 ft to 

varicolored blotches of dark reddish brown (10R 3/4), moderate reddish brown (10R 

4/6), pale red (5R 6/2), and moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 22 and Box 23. 

233.9 – 240.0 ft: No recovery. 

240.0 – 250.0 ft: Run 35 

240.0 – 245.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f grading down to f-m, subangular, silt matrix; ~1% silvery mica; 

faintly bedded; grades into bed below; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) blotched and 

streaked moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6), moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), 

pale red (10R 6/2), and dusky yellow (5Y 6/4). Box 23. 

245.0 – 248.2 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc grading down to f-c, subangular, very poorly sorted, with 

subround quartz granules and ~7% silt and clay matrix; faintly cross-bedded; 

greenish gray (5GY 6/1) blotched and streaked moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6), 

moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), pale red (10R 6/2), and dusky yellow (5Y 

6/4). Box 23 and Box 24. 

248.2 – 250.0 ft: No recovery. 

250.0 – 260.0 ft: Run 36 

250.0 – 251. 7 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround, silty matrix; occasional quartz granules and coarse 

grains present; silvery mica (tr); faintly bedded; moderate brown (5YR 4/4) mottled 

moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), moderate olive brown ((5Y 4/4), and grayish 

olive (10Y 4/2), grading down to dusky yellowish green (5GY 5/2) mottled pale red 

(5R 6/2). Box 24. 

Cape Fear Formation (marine facies) ( = Pleasant Creek Formation?) 

251.7 – 256.3 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~3-5% vf angular quartz sand; faintly banded with 

blocky ped structures; no transmissivity; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) and greenish 

gray (5GY 6/1) mottled brownish gray (5Y R4/1) and moderate yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2). Box 24 and Box 25. 

256.3 – 260.0 ft: No recovery. 

260.0 – 270.0 ft: Run 37 

260.0 – 260.9 ft: SILT, clayey, contains vf subangular quartz sand, grading rapidly to SAND, quartz, 

slightly feldspathic f-vc, subround; subround quartz and lignite granules moderately 

abundant near base; bright lemon yellow sand-size grain observed; olive gray (5Y 

4/1). Box 25. 

25
 
260.9 – 262.2 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround, with 3-5% silt matrix; ~2% silvery mica; faintly 

bedded, lignite grains define bedding planes; light-olive-gray (5Y6/1). Box 25. 

262.2 – 270.0 ft: No recovery. Geophysical logs suggest this interval is transmissive sand. 

270.0 – 276.0 ft: Run 38 

270.0 – 272.6 ft: SAND, quartz, f-c but modally f-m, subangular, with <5% silt and clay matrix; 1-2% 

silvery mica; massive to locally faintly bedded; thin lignite layers present; medium 

to low porosity, moderate transmissivity; light olive gray (5Y 5/2). Box 25. 

272.6 – 276.0 ft: No recovery. Geophysical logs suggest this interval is transmissive sand. 

276.0 – 283.0 ft: Run 39 

276.0 – 277.2 ft: SAND, quartz, f-c grading down to f-vc, subangular, with <5% silt and clay matrix; 

1-2% silvery mica; massive; thin lignite layers present, more abundant near base; 

subangular quartz granules and pyrite nodules up to 1 cm in diameter present near 

base; medium to low porosity, moderate transmissivity; light olive gray (5Y 5/2). 

Box 25. 

277.2 – 278.6 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, angular to subangular, contains subangular quartz granules and 

~10% silt and clay matrix; silvery mica (tr) and rose quartz (tr); lignite pieces and 

stringers scattered throughout; sand-filled burrows present at top; abundant 

subangular to round clay clasts ranging from granule size up to 2 cm in diameter; 

matrix dark gray (N 3), clay clasts greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 25 and Box 26. 

278.6 – 282.4 ft: SAND, quartz, f, contains either ~7% or ~50% bimodal silt and clay matrix 

concentration; clean and clayey sand layers interbedded, some beds planar and others 

cross-bedded; thin lignite layers define bedding planes; locally up to 7% silvery mica 

and up to 10% lignite; submarine delta?; clayey sands medium dark gray (N 4), clean 

sands light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 26. 

282.4 – 283.0 ft: No recovery. 

283.0 – 290.0 ft: Run 40 

283.0 – 283.4 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround, with clayey matrix; silvery mica locally up to 10-

12%; cross-bedded, bedding defined by lignite laminae that thicken downward; 

medium dark gray (N 4). Box 26. 

283.4 – 283.8 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subangular; ~ 3% silvery mica, scattered grains of lignite; wispy 

bedding; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 26. 

283.8 – 284.8 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround, with clayey matrix; silvery mica locally up to 10-

12%; cross-bedded, bedding defined by lignite laminae; grades into bed below; 

medium dark gray (N 4). Box 26. 

284.8 – 285.9 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subangular; ~ 3% silvery mica, scattered grains of lignite; wispy 

bedding; lignite lense at 285.6 to 285.7 ft; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 26. 

285.9 – 290.0 ft: No recovery. 

26
 
290.0 – 300.0 ft: Run 41 

290.0 – 291.4 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subangular, with <5% silt and clay matrix; silvery mica locally 

up to 5%; sparse disseminated lignite chips define faint bedding; light olive gray (5Y 

6/1). Box 26 and Box 27. 

291.4 – 291.5 ft: SAND, quartz, f, subangular, with clay and silt matrix; medium gray (N 5). Box 27. 

291.5 – 292.5 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subangular, with <5% silt and clay matrix; silvery mica locally 

up to 5%; sparse disseminated lignite chips define faint bedding; light olive gray (5Y 

6/1). Box 27. 

292.5 – 292.9 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~10% vf-f subangular quartz sand; ~ 5% silvery mica; 

well laminated, lamination defined by thin stringers of quartz sand; medium dark 

gray (N 4). Box 27. 

292.9 – 295.9 ft: SAND, quartz, f, subangular, with <5% silt and clay matrix; ~1% silvery mica; 

sparse disseminated lignite chips define faint bedding, some inclined; light olive 

gray (5Y 6/1). Box 27. 

295.9 – 300.0 ft: No recovery. 

300.0 – 310.0 ft: Run 42 

300.0 – 300.1 ft: SAND, quartz, f, subangular, with <5% silt and clay matrix; ~1% silvery mica; 

sparse disseminated lignite chips define faint bedding, some inclined; light olive 

gray (5Y 6/1). Box 27. 

300.1 – 302.3 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~40% vf subangular quartz sand; ~1% silvery mica; ~2% 

flattened lignite chips up to 5 cm in length disseminated throughout; poorly bedded 

to burrow mottled; light-olive-gray (5 Y 6/1) in more sandy areas and brownish gray 

(5YR 4/1) in more clay-rich areas. Box 27. 

302.3 – 308.1 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~1% lignite sand fraction; massive; basal 0.3 foot has 

visible green-filled burrows and about 3% lignite sand; basal contact churned, 

possibly due to dewatering; brownish gray (5YR 4/1). Box 27 and Box 28. 

308.1 – 308.3 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subround, with glauconite (tr); burrow mottled; dusky yellowish 

green (5GY 5/2). Box 28. 

308.3 – 308.5 ft: SILT, very clayey, noncalcareous; massive; greenish gray (5G 6/1). Box 28. 

308.5 – 309.8 ft: SAND, quartz, f-c, poorly sorted, subround, contains <1% subround quartz granules, 

noncalcareous; up to 5% chlorite flakes and glauconite pellets in burrows; silvery 

mica (tr); grayish green (10G 4/2) that faded rapidly to greenish gray (5GY 6/1). 

Box 28. 

309.8 – 310.0 ft: No recovery. 

310.0 – 315.0 ft: Run 43 

310.0 – 313.1 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subround, grading down to vf-f, subangular to subround, some 

intervals have abundant clay and silt matrix; silvery mica (tr) at top increasing in 

abundance to 3% near base; chloritic; faintly bedded to burrow mottled, possible 

faint dewatering structures present; dusky yellowish green (5GY 5/2) and grayish 

yellow green (5GY 6/2) grading down to dusky yellowish green (5GY 5/2) and 

brownish gray (5YR 4/1), all mottled olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 28 and Box 29. 

27
 
313.1 – 315.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subangular to subround, interbedded with SILT, very clayey; silt 

zones predominate; clays swell; silty zones brownish gray (5YR 4/1) and sandy 

zones yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) to light olive gray (5Y 7/1). Box 29. 

315.0 – 320.0 ft: Run 44 

315.0 – 319.8 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subangular, with ~5% silt and clay matrix; ~1% silvery mica; 

light olive gray (5Y 6/1); massive except for thin dark sand lenses up to 0.5 cm-thick, 

containing ~7% m-c, subround phosphate and phlogopite (tr), garnet (tr), rutilated 

quartz (tr), and pyrite; medium dark gray (N 4). Box 29 and Box 30. 

319.8 – 320.0 ft: No recovery. 

320.0 – 330.0 ft: Run 45 

320.0 – 321.5 ft: SAND, quartz, f-c, angular to subangular, with ~5% silt and clay matrix; silvery 

mica (tr); well bedded at top fading down to massive by base; modally coarser at 

bottom with sparse subround quartz granules; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 30. 

321.5 – 321.7 ft: SILT, very clayey, no sand; massive, sticky; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 30. 

321.7 – 323.3 ft: SAND, quartz, f-c, angular to subangular grading down to f-vc, subangular, with 

~5% silt and clay matrix; silvery mica (tr); well bedded at top fading down to 

massive by base; modally coarser at bottom with sparse subround quartz granules; 

grades rapidly downward into next bed; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 30. 

323.3 – 325.5 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, with ~5% angular to subround quartz granules and pebbles and 

<5% silt and clay matrix; silvery mica (tr), blue quartz (tr), and rose quartz (tr); thin 

clay stringers up to 2 cm-thick present from 324.2 to 325.5 ft; sand light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1), clay stringers dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 30. 

325.5 – 328.6 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m coarsening down to m-vc; similar to cycle from 321.7 to 325.5 ft, 

but with the addition of zones with abundant lignite clasts up to 0.5 cm in diameter; 

light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 30 and Box 31. 

328.6 – 328.8 ft: GRAVEL, quartz clasts up to 1.5 cm in diameter, angular to subangular, with very 

coarse to granule-size quartz sand matrix; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 31. 

Cape Fear Formation (subaerial facies) 

328.8 – 330.0 ft: SILT, clayey, contains vf-f subround quartz sand in pockets and blebs; relict root 

structures present, no obvious bedding; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 31. 

330.0 – 340.0 ft: Run 46 

330.0 – 332.8 ft: SILT, clayey, contains 1-2% vf-f subround quartz sand; silvery mica (tr); banded to 

blocky ped structures and root structures present; olive gray (5Y 4/1) grading down 

to olive gray mottled greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 31. 

332.8 – 333.8 ft: DISTURBED CORE, due to re-drilling this run (core slipped out of barrel and had to 

be retrieved). Box 31. 

333.8 – 335.7 ft: SILT, clayey, contains 1-2% vf-f subround quartz sand; silvery mica (tr); banded to 

blocky ped structures and root structures present; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) mottled 

dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) and moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 31 

and Box 32. 

28
 
335.7 – 335.8 ft: DISTURBED CORE, due to re-drilling this run. Box 32. 

335.8 – 336.5 ft: SILT, clayey, contains 1-2% vf-f subround quartz sand; silvery mica (tr); banded to 

blocky ped structures and root structures present; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) mottled 

dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) and moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 32. 

336.5 – 337.6 ft: DISTURBED CORE, due to re-drilling this run. Box 32. 

337.6 – 337.8 ft: SILT, clayey, contains 1-2% vf-f subround quartz sand; silvery mica (tr); banded to 

blocky ped structures and root structures present; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) mottled 

dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) and moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 32. 

337.8 – 340.0 ft: No recovery. 

340.0 – 350.0 ft: Run 47 

340.0 – 342.1 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~10% vf-f subround quartz sand; ~3% silvery mica; wavy 

laminated; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 32. 

342.1 – 342.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround; 5-7% silvery mica; prominently cross-bedded; light 

olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 32. 

342.5 – 343.2 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~45% vf-f subround quartz sand; ~3% silvery mica; wavy 

laminated; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 32. 

343.2 – 348.0 ft: SAND, f-c grading down to m-vc, subangular to subround, poorly sorted, with ~5% 

silt and clay matrix; interlaminated faint cross-bedding and wavy bedding; lignite 

grains define bedding planes, often discontinuous; interval includes four fining 

upward sequences (343.2 – 344.1, 344.1 – 345.5, 345.5 – 346.3, and 346.3 – 348.0); 

greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 32 and Box 33. 

348.0 – 349.5 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~10% vf subangular quartz sand in blebs; ~2% silvery mica; 

blocky ped and root structures visible; no transmissivity; medium dark gray (N 4). 

Box 33. 

349.5 – 350.0 ft: No recovery. 

350.0 – 360.0 ft: Run 48 

350.0 – 352.1 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~10% vf subangular quartz sand in blebs; ~2% silvery mica; 

blocky ped and root structures visible; gradational with bed below; no transmissivity; 

olive gray (5Y 4/1) mottled dusky red (5R 3/4) and moderate brown (5YR 4/4). 

Box 33. 

352.1 – 353.3 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~10% vf subangular quartz sand in blebs; ~2% silvery mica; 

blocky ped and root structures visible; no transmissivity; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) 

mottled moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). 

Box 33. 

353.3 – 360.0 ft: No recovery. 

360.0 – 363.0 ft: Run 49 

360.0 – 363.0 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~5% quartz sand in blebs and stringers; ~1-2% silvery mica; 

paleosol with root structures, lower part brecciated (paleoliquefaction shattering?); 

tight and dry; varicolored including greenish gray (5GY 6/1), dark reddish brown 

(10R 3/4), pale red (5R 6/2), dusky red (5R 3/4), olive gray (5Y 4/1), dark gray (N 3), 

and moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 34. 

29
 
363.0 – 370.0 ft: Run 50 

363.0 – 370.0 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~10% quartz sand in blebs and stringers; ~1-2% silvery mica; 

paleosol with root structures; tight and dry; varicolored including greenish gray (5GY 

6/1), dark reddish brown (10R 3/4), pale red (5R 6/2), dusky red (5R 3/4), olive gray 

(5Y 4/1), dark gray (N 3), and moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 34 and Box 35. 

370.0 – 380.0 ft: Run 51 

370.0 – 375.2 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~10% quartz sand in blebs and stringers; silvery mica locally 

up to ~5%; paleosol with root structures; tight and dry; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) 

grading down to moderate brown (5YR 4/4) mottled and streaked grayish green (5G 

5/2) and pale green (10G 6/2). Box 35 and Box 36. 

375.2 – 375.5 ft: SAND, quartz, modally m but vf-c, subround, with ~7% silt and clay matrix; dark 

greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 36. 

375.5 – 376.2 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~10% quartz sand in blebs and stringers; silvery mica locally 

up to ~5%; paleosol with root structures; tight and dry; moderate brown (5YR 4/4) 

mottled and streaked grayish green (5G 5/2) and pale green (10G 6/2). Box 36. 

376.2 – 376.8 ft: SAND, quartz, modally c but f-vc, subround, with <5% silt matrix; greenish gray 

(5GY 6/1). Box 36. 

376.8 – 380.0 ft: SILT, contains 5-10% quartz sand; massive, color patterns may reflect root ghosts; 

medium gray (N 5) mottled moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6), sparse mottles of 

blackish red (5R 2/2) and dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) present below 377.7 ft. 

Box 36. 

380.0 – 390.0 ft: Run 52 

380.0 – 382.7 ft: SILT, contains 5-10% quartz sand; massive, color patterns may reflect root ghosts; 

medium gray (N 5) mottled moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) blackish red (5R 2/2) 

and dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 36 and Box 37. 

382.7 – 384.4 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subangular, with 7-10% silt and clay matrix; ~1% silvery mica, 

~1% finely disseminated lignite, ~1% glauconite or darker than normal chlorite; 

faintly bedded and mottled; dusky yellowish green (5GY 5/2) mottled light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1). Box 37. 

384.4 – 390.0 ft: No recovery. Short-normal log suggests this interval is sand. 

390.0 – 400.0 ft: Run 53 

390.0 – 398.9 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~5% vf-f subangular quartz sand; silvery mica (tr); blocky ped 

texture with root ghosts; grades into bed below; olive gray (5Y 4/1) mottled and 

blotched light olive gray (5Y 6/1), grayish red (10R 4/2), very dusky red (10R 2/2), 

and moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 37 and Box 38. 

398.9 – 400.0 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~15-20% f-vc subangular to subround quartz sand; silvery 

mica (tr); blocky ped texture with root ghosts; olive gray (5Y 4/1) mottled and 

blotched light olive gray (5Y 6/1), grayish red (10R 4/2), very dusky red (10R 2/2), 

and moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 38. 

30
 
400.0 – 410.0 ft: Run 54 

400.0 – 406.5 ft: SILT, contains ~20% f-vc subround quartz sand; 3-5% scattered quartz granules, 

garnet (tr); massive, blocky, root structures visible above 401.5 ft; sand fraction 

coarsens downward; very tight matrix, some porosity but no transmissivity; moderate 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottled and blotched dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), 

dark reddish brown (10R 3/4), and light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 38 and Box 39. 

406.5 – 407.7 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, subround, contains 3-5% subangular to subround quartz 

granules; one subangular quartz pebble 1 cm in diameter; massive; moderate 

yellowish brown 10YR 5/4) mottled and blotched dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), 

dark reddish brown (10R 3/4), and light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 39. 

407.7 – 410.0 ft: No recovery. 

410.0 – 420.0 ft: Run 55 

410.0 – 411.3 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m grading down to f-c, subround, with ~10% silt and clay matrix; 

silvery mica (tr); no granules or pebbles; sharp basal contact; dark reddish brown 

(10R 3/4) mottled moderate brown (5YR 4/4) and dusky red (5R 3/4). Box 39. 

411.3 – 412.2 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~7% vf-f subround quartz sand; ped structures and root 

ghosts present; semi-indurated iron-oxide nodule at base; clay greenish gray (5G 6/1) 

mottled dark reddish brown (10R 3/4), nodule dark reddish brown. Box 39. 

412.2 – 420.0 ft: No recovery. Iron nodule probably blocked drill bit. 

420.0 – 430.0 ft: Run 56 

420.0 – 423.8 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subangular to subround, grading down to f-c, subangular, very 

poorly sorted, contains scattered quartz granules and ~10% silt and clay matrix; 

quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter at base; light olive gray (5Y 6/1) mottled dark 

reddish brown (10R 3/4) grading down to dark yellowish orange at 423.5 ft. Box 39 

and Box 40. 

423.8 – 426.0 ft: SILT, very clayey, grading by 423.9 ft to SILT, clayey, contains ~20% f-m 

subangular quartz sand, and then to SAND, quartz, f-c, subangular, poorly sorted, 

with ~10% silt and kaolinite clay matrix; root structures visible at top of bed; between 

yellowish gray and light olive gray (5Y 7/1) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

and moderate reddish orange (10R 6/6). Box 40. 

426.0 – 430.0 ft: No recovery; mislabeled on picture as “316.0 – 320.0”. 

430.0 – 440.0 ft: Run 57 

430.0 – 432.5 ft: SAND, quartz, m-vc, subangular to subround, with 40-50% silt and kaolinite clay 

matrix; basal 0.3 ft contains abundant subangular to subround quartz granules and 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter; no transmissivity; light-greenish-gray (5G 8/1) 

mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6). Box 40. 

432.5 – 435.2 ft: SILT, very clayey, grading down to SILT, clayey, contains 2-3% vf quartz sand; 

silvery mica (tr); blocky ped and root structures; greenish gray (5G 6/1) mottled and 

streaked moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6), dark reddish brown (10R 3/4), and 

moderate red (5R 5/4). Box 40 and Box 41. 

31
 
435.2 – 440.0 ft: No recovery. 

440.0 – 450.0 ft: Run 58 

440.0 – 442.9 ft: SILT, clayey, contains 2-3% vf quartz sandy; silvery mica (tr); blocky ped and root 

structures; greenish gray (5G 6/1) mottled and streaked moderate reddish brown (10R

4/6), dark reddish brown (10R 3/4), and moderate red (5R 5/4). Box 41. 

442.9 – 448.7 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f grading down to vf-m, subangular to subround, with 10-15% silt 

and clay matrix; ~2% silvery mica, 1-2% sand-size black lignite, and scattered grains 

of fine round black phosphate disseminated throughout; banded to blotched color 

texture, greenish gray (5G 6/1) mottled and streaked dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) 

and moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 41 and Box 42. 

448.7 – 450.0 ft: No recovery. 

450.0 – 460.0 ft: Run 59 

450.0 – 456.2 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subround grading down to vf-c, subangular, very poorly sorted, 

with 10-15% silt and clay matrix; 2-3% disseminated lignite, silvery mica (tr); 

granules present below 451.3 ft and pebbles present below 453.0 ft, mostly quartz but

some feldspar, subangular to subround; silt and clay content increases in basal 0.3 ft; 

texture massive; greenish gray (5G 6/1) mottled and streaked grayish red (10R 4/2), 

dusky red (5R 3/4), and dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6). Box 42 and Box 43. 

456.2 – 458.6 ft: SILT, very clayey, grading down by 457.9 ft to SILT, clayey, contains ~10% vf-f 

subround quartz sand; ~1% silvery mica; greenish gray (5G 6/1) streaked grayish red 

(10R 4/2), dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), and light olive (10Y 5/4). Box 43. 

458.6 – 460.0 ft: No recovery. 

460.0 – 470.0 ft: Run 60 

460.0 – 464.2 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~10% vf-f subround quartz sand; ~1% silvery mica; greenish 

gray (5G 6/1) streaked grayish red (10R 4/2), dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), and 

light olive (10Y 5/4). Box 43 and Box 44. 

464.2 – 464.5 ft: Sand, quartz, vf-f and sparse m, subround, with 5-10% silt and clay matrix; ~1% 

finely disseminated fine lignite, silvery mica (tr); texture massive; between yellowishgray and light olive gray (5Y 7/1). Box 44. 

464.5 – 464.7 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~10% vf-f subround quartz sand; ~1% silvery mica; greenish 

gray (5G 6/1) streaked grayish red (10R 4/2), dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), and 

light olive (10Y 5/4). Box 44. 

464.7 – 464.8 ft: Sand, quartz, vf-f and sparse m, subround, with 5-10% silt and clay matrix; ~1% 

finely disseminated fine lignite, silvery mica (tr); texture massive; between yellowish 

gray and light olive gray (5Y 7/1). Box 44. 

Cape Fear Formation (marine facies) ( = Pleasant Creek Formation?) 

464.8 – 469.1 ft: SAND, quartz, mostly f-m but locally f-c, subangular, with ~30% silt and clay matrix

~1% fine pyrite balls and fine lignite, silvery mica (tr); greenish gray (6GY 6/1) to 

dusky yellow green (5GY 5/2). Box 44. 

469.1 – 470.0 ft: No recovery. 

; 

32
 
470.0 – 480.0 ft: Run 61 

470.0 – 472.8 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subangular to subround, ranging up to m-vc, subangular, with 

~10% (coarser fraction) to 20% (finer fraction) silt and clay matrix; silvery mica (tr); 

local lenses have subangular quartz granules and pebbles to 0.5 cm and mudballs 3 to 

5 cm in diameter; semilithified; greenish gray (5G 6/1) with streaks of light olive 

brown (5Y 5/6) grading downward to light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 44. 

472.8 – 480.0 ft: No recovery. 

480.0 – 490.0 ft: Run 62 

480.0 – 482.1 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, subangular, with 40-50% silt and clay matrix; scattered 

subangular quartz granules present; clayball at top; texture massive; light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1) grading at about 481.4 to greenish gray 5GY 6/1). Box 45. 

482.1 – 482.2 ft: SAND, quartz, m-vc, angular; angular quartz granules abundant; basal contact sharp; 

pale reddish brown (10R 5/4) and moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 45. 

Unnamed Formation ( = “Cape Fear Formation” of South Carolina usage) 

482.2 – 484.6 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains 2-3% vf quartz sand; blocky ped structures and root 

ghosts present throughout; varicolored blotches and streaks of dark reddish brown 

(10R 3/4), moderate brown (5YR 4/4), light olive gray (5Y 6/1), light greenish gray 

(5GY 8/1), and dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6). Box 45. 

484.6 – 490.0 ft: No recovery. 

490.0 – 500.0 ft: Run 63 

490.0 – 499.3 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains 2-3% vf quartz sand; blocky ped structures and root 

ghosts present throughout; slickensides scattered throughout interval; varicolored 

blotches and streaks of dark reddish brown (10R 3/4), moderate brown (5YR 4/4), 

light olive gray (5Y 6/1), light-greenish-gray (5GY 8/1), and dark-yellowish-orange 

(10YR 6/6), grading down below 497.6 ft to olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 45 and Box 46. 

499.3 – 500.0 ft: No recovery. 

500.0 – 510.0 ft: Run 64 

500.0 – 508.9 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains 2-3% vf quartz sand; blocky ped structures and root 

ghosts present throughout; slickensides abundant throughout interval; olive gray (5Y 

4/1) sparsely mottled dusky red (10R 2/2) and moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). 

Box 46 and Box 47. 

508.9 – 509.1 ft: BRECCIA, angular, clasts composed of clayey silt; matrix olive gray (5Y 4/1), clasts 

greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 47 and Box 48. 

509.1 – 510.0 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains 2-3% vf quartz sand; ped structures and root casts
 

abundant, texture anastomosing; iron nodules at base; greenish gray (5GY 6/1)
 

mottled moderate brown (5YR 4/4) and dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 48.
 

33
 
510.0 – 520.0 ft: Run 65 

510.0 – 515.6 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains sparse grains of quartz sand below 513.0 ft; ~1% grading 

down to ~3% silvery mica; root structures abundant down to 515.0, then bedded 

below that; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) mottled moderate brown (5YR 4/4) and dark 

reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 48. 

515.6 – 518.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f coarsening downward to vf-m, subangular to subround, with 

~30% silt and clay matrix; up to 5% silvery mica, black lignite grains ~1-2% at top 

but increase downward in abundance to 20-25%, phlogopite (tr); basal 0.3 ft has 

quartz, phosphate, and pyrite granules, and a topaz(?) clast; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) 

grading down to dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) mottled and streaked moderate 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) and moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 48 and Box 49. 

518.5 – 520.0 ft: No recovery. High values on gamma log in this interval suggest interval is
 

phosphate-rich.
 

520.0 – 530.0 ft: Run 66 

520.0 – 523.6 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround, with 10-15% silt and clay matrix; ~10% chlorite, 

grains up to medium-size; clayballs present below 522.5 ft; lense of angular 

ilmenite(?) sand at 522.7 ft; gradational with bed below; grayish green (10GY 5/2) 

mottled moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) and moderate brown (5YR 3/4), clayballs dark 

greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 49. 

523.6 – 526.2 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, with scattered subangular granules and ~10% silt and clay 

matrix; ~1% ilmenite; dusky yellow green (5GY 5/2) mottled moderate brown (5YR 

4/4) and light olive (10Y 5/4), clayballs dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 49 and 

Box 50. 

526.2 – 530.0 ft: No recovery. High values on gamma log in this interval suggest interval is
 

phosphate-rich.
 

530.0 – 540.0 ft: Run 67 

530.0 – 530.7 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, angular to subangular, subangular to subround quartz granules 

and pebbles up to 1.5 cm in diameter abundant; texture massive; sharp basal contact; 

greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 50. 

530.7 – 531.2 ft: SILT, very clayey; gradational with bed below; grayish black (N 2). Box 50. 

531.2 – 534.2 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~10% vf-f subround grading down to 20-30% f-m subround 

quartz sand; faint root structures visible; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 50. 

534.2 – 540.0 ft: No recovery, drilled like sand. 

540.0 – 550.0 ft: Run 68 

540.0 – 543.9 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subangular, with ~10% silt and clay matrix, interbedded with 

SAND, f-vc, subangular, with 7-10% silt and clay matrix, coarser fraction contains 

subangular to subround quartz granules and rare subangular quartz pebbles up to 1 cm 

in diameter; up to 2% silvery mica locally; faintly bedded, bedding planes defined by 

silvery mica flakes; greenish gray (5G 6/1) mottled grayish green (10GY 5/2), light 

34
 
olive gray (5Y 6/1), moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6), and grayish red (10R 4/2). 

Box 50 and Box 51. 

543.9 – 550.0 ft: No recovery. 

550.0 – 560.0 ft: Run 69 

550.0 – 553.1 ft: SAND, quartz, f-c, subangular, with 10-15% silt and clay matrix; ~1% silvery mica 

and chlorite, some mica grains up to vc-size; interbedded with GRANULES, quartz, 

with f-vc subangular to subround quartz sand and ~7% silt and clay matrix; ~2% 

silvery mica; contains subangular quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter, flattened 

clayballs present locally; granule beds ~0.1 ft thick; faintly bedded; low porosity, low 

transmissivity, matrix moderately tight; grayish green (10GY 5/2) mottled dusky 

yellow green (5GY 5/2). Box 51. 

553.1 – 560.0 ft: No recovery. 

560.0 – 570.0 ft: Run 70 

560.0 – 562.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-vc, subangular, contains scattered subangular granules and <5% silt 

and clay matrix; ~2% silvery mica; scattered small clayballs present; massive texture; 

sharp basal contact; moderate porosity, medium transmissivity; pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2), color possibly influenced by drilling mud. Box 51. 

562.0 – 562.4 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subround, with 10-15% silt and clay matrix; ~2% silvery mica; 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2). Box 51. 

562.4 – 570.0 ft: No recovery. 

570.0 – 580.0 ft: Run 71 

570.0 – 571.8 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subround, with ~10% silt and clay matrix, locally 3-5% silvery 

mica, up to vc-size; chlorite (tr), ~1% organics, ilmenite lenses near base; faintly 

bedded; sharp basal contact; greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 51 and Box 52. 

Clubhouse Formation 

571.8 – 572.5 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~1% vf-f rounded quartz sand; thinly laminated; small 

burrows present, possibly crayfish; grayish black (N 2) grading down to dark gray (N 

3) and then back to grayish black. Box 52. 

572.5 – 572.7 ft: SILT, clayey, contains 3-4% vf-f subangular to subround quartz sand; silvery mica 

(tr); disturbed bedding and small clayballs or filled burrows up to 0.5 cm in diameter 

present; sharp but irregular basal contact; olive black (5Y 2/1), clayballs grayish black 

(N 2). Box 52. 

572.7 – 574.0 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~5% vf-f subround quartz sand; silvery mica (tr), mediumgrained detrital pyrite (tr); massive except for root structures and occasional burrows; 

rapidly gradational with bed below; olive gray (5Y 4/1) mottled dusky green (5G 3/2), 

grayish black (N 2) (root structures), and (near base only) grayish olive green (5GY 

3/2). Box 52. 

35
 
574.0 – 576.8 ft: SILT, slightly clayey, contains ~30% vf-f subround to round quartz sand; ~1% 

ilmenite and ~1% silvery mica; texture massive; gradational with bed below; olive 

gray (5Y 4/1). Box 52. 

576.8 – 579.8 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subround to round, with 15-20% silt and clay matrix decreasing 

downward to ~5% silt and clay; ~3% fine ilmenite, ~3% silvery mica (up to vc-size) 

increasing downward to 10-15% silvery mica locally; clay-lined crayfish(?) burrows 

present; faintly bedded and locally cross-bedded; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1), 

burrows olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 52 and Box 53. 

579.8 – 580.0 ft: No recovery. 

580.0 – 583.0 ft: Run 72 

580.0 – 580.3 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subround to round, with <5% silt and clay matrix; ~3% fine 

ilmenite, 10-15% silvery mica up to vc-size; clay-lined crayfish(?) burrows present; 

faintly bedded and locally cross-bedded; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1), burrows olive 

gray (5Y 4/1). Box 53. 

580.3 – 582.5 ft: SAND, quartz, f grading down to f-m, subround, with 10-15% silt and clay matrix; 5-

10% silvery mica, ~3% dark heavy minerals, ~1% apatite, phlogopite (tr); massive 

texture; soft; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 53. 

582.5 – 583.0 ft: No recovery. 

583.0 – 590.0 ft: Run 73 

583.0 – 590.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround to round, with 3% or less silt and clay matrix; ~5% 

silvery mica and chlorite grading down to ~20% near base and up to vc-size; ~10% 

lignite chips but locally more; apatite? (tr), phlogopite (tr), a few stringers of dark 

heavy minerals (illite?, magnetite?); faintly bedded; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). 

Box 53 and Box 54. 

590.0 – 600.0 ft: Run 74 

590.0 – 593.1 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround to round, grading down to f-c, subangular to subround, 

with 3% or less silt and clay matrix; ~20% silvery mica up to vc-size; ~10% lignite 

chips but locally more; apatite? (tr), phlogopite (tr), a few stringers of dark heavy 

minerals (illite?, magnetite?); faintly bedded; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 54. 

593.1 – 597.7 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subangular to subround, with 3-5% silt and clay matrix; ~3% f-m 

silvery mica and chlorite, grading down to ~20% by base with mica flakes ranging up 

to granule-size; ~3% dark organics and dark heavy minerals; ~1% phlogopite; 

massive texture, soft; high porosity, medium to high transmissivity; dark greenish 

gray (5GY 4/1). Box 54 and Box 55. 

597.7 – 597.8 ft: GNEISS, biotite and silvery mica; strongly foliated; greenish black (5G 2/1). Box 55. 

597.8 – 597.9 ft: QUARTZITE, f-c, subangular, silica cemented; massive; this and interval before very 

slow drilling, probable erratic cobble; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 55. 

597.9 – 599.2 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subangular to subround, with 3-5% silt and clay matrix; ~20% fm silvery mica and chlorite with mica flakes ranging up to granule-size; ~3% dark 

organics and dark heavy minerals; ~1% phlogopite; massive texture; soft; high 

porosity, medium to high transmissivity; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 55. 

599.2 – 600.0 ft: No recovery. 

36
 
600.0 – 610.0 ft: Run 75 

600.0 – 600.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subangular to subround, with 3-5% silt and clay matrix; ~20% fm silvery mica and chlorite with mica flakes ranging up to granule-size; ~3% dark 

organics and dark heavy minerals; ~1% phlogopite; faintly bedded, soft; high 

porosity, medium to high transmissivity; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 55. 

600.5 – 600.6 ft: LIGNITE, locally up to 20% silvery mica and chlorite; possibly a flattened log or 

large branch; black (N 1). Box 55. 

600.6 – 603.2 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subround, with 3% or less silt and clay matrix; ~1% 

disseminated dark organics, silvery mica (tr); clay stringers and clayballs up to 4 cm 

long scattered about; rare chunks of lignite up to 2 cm present; faintly bedded; dark 

greenish gray (5GY 4/1), clayballs olive black (5Y 2/1). Box 55. 

603.2 – 604.9 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround, with 3% or less silt and clay matrix; ~2% disseminated 

dark organics, ~1% silvery mica; very faintly bedded, dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). 

Box 55 and Box 56. 

604.9 – 609.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround, with 3% or less silt and clay matrix; ~2% disseminated 

dark organics, ~1% silvery mica; very faintly bedded, abundant mudballs scattered 

about; porosity low, transmissivity moderate; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1), mudballs 

greenish black (5GY 2/1). Box 56. 

609.0 – 610.0 ft: No recovery. 

610.0 – 620.0 ft: Run 76 

610.0 – 610.1 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround, with 3% or less silt and clay matrix; ~2% disseminated 

dark organics, ~1% silvery mica; very faintly bedded; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). 

Box 56. 

610.1 – 610.4 ft: SILT, clayey, ~2% f quartz sand; massive texture; olive black (5Y 2/1). Box 56. 

610.4 – 612.4 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, with 3% or less silt and clay matrix; ~2% disseminated fine lignite, 

~5% chlorite up to medium-size, 20% or less silvery mica up to coarse-size; massive; 

dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 56. 

612.4 – 615.8 ft: SILT, clayey, contains 10-15% vf quartz sand; 15% or less silvery mica up to 

medium-size; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1); interbedded with SILT, very clayey, sticky 

and gummy; grayish black (N 2) grading down to greenish black (5GY 2/1) at base; 

thinly bedded near base, lignite-sand defines bedding planes; slight porosity, no 

transmissivity. Box 56 and Box 57. 

615.8 – 619.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround, with ~7% silt and clay matrix; ~10% disseminated 

lignite sand, ~2% silvery mica, ~1% chlorite; massive texture except for a few clayrich stringers; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1), clay-rich stringers medium dark gray (N 

4). Box 57. 

619.5 – 620.0 ft: No recovery. 

620.0 – 630.0 ft: Run 77 

37
 
620.0 – 621.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, with 3-5% silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica, ~2% chlorite; 

sparsely shelly, subround quartz granules at base; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). 

Box 57 and Box 58. 

621.0 – 624.8 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, with 5-7% silt and clay matrix; ~10% increasing downward to 

~20% silvery mica, 5-7% grading down to ~15% chlorite, phlogopite (tr); dark 

greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 58. 

624.8 – 625.2 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~3% vf quartz sand; massive texture; dry; dark-gray (N 3). 

Box 58. 

625.2 – 625.6 ft: SILT, slightly clayey, contains 10-15% vf quartz sand; ~15% f-m silvery mica and 

chlorite; massive texture; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 58. 

625.6 – 629.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, with ~15% silt and clay matrix; 8-10% chlorite, ~5% silvery mica; 

banded in top 0.2 ft then massive texture below that; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). 

Box 58 and Box 59. 

629.0 – 630.0 ft: No recovery. 

630.0 – 640.0 ft: Run 78 

630.0 – 630.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, with ~15% silt and clay matrix; 8-10% chlorite, ~5% silvery mica; 

massive texture; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 59. 

630.5 – 631.4 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, with ~10% silt and clay matrix; ~1% silvery mica, ~1% chlorite; 

massive texture; greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 59. 

631.4 – 640.0 ft: No recovery. 

640.0 – 646.5 ft: Run 79 

640.0 – 640.4 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains sparse quartz sand grains; faintly layered; greenish black 

(5GY 2/1). Box 59. 

640.4 – 641.7 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~30% vf quartz sand; ~2% silvery mica; faintly bedded; dark 

greenish gray (5GY 4/1); interbedded with SILT, very clayey; slightly calcareous; 

greenish black (5GY 2/1); individual layers up to 0.2 ft thick. Box 59. 

641.7 – 645.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, with ~15% silt and clay matrix; ~1% silvery mica, chlorite (tr); 

massive texture; high transmissivity; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 59. 

645.5 – 646.2 ft: SILT, clayey, contains ~30% vf quartz sand; ~2% silvery mica; faintly bedded; dark 

greenish gray (5GY 4/1); interbedded with SILT, very clayey; slightly calcareous; 

greenish black (5GY 2/1); individual layers up to 0.2 ft thick. Box 59 and Box 60. 

646.2 – 646.5 ft: LIMESTONE, micrite; ~5% silvery mica, ~5% chlorite; small wood chips present; 

contains molds and casts of pelecypod shells; thinly bedded; calcite-filled fractures 

present that narrow upward; medium dark gray (N 4). Box 60. 

646.5 – 650.0 ft: Run 80 

646.5 – 646.6 ft: LIMESTONE, micrite; ~5% silvery mica, ~5% chlorite; small wood chips present; 

contains molds and casts of pelecypod shells; thinly bedded; medium dark gray (N 4). 

Box 60. 

646.6 – 649.8 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, with ~15% silt and clay matrix; ~1% silvery mica, chlorite (tr), 

calcareous; thin bedded grading down to thicker bedded, bedding defined by percent 

lime content; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 60. 

38
 
649.8 – 650.0 ft: No recovery. 

650.0 – 654.3 ft: Run 81 

650.0 – 654.2 ft: SAND, vf, with ~15% silt and clay matrix; ~5% dark heavy minerals, ~3% chlorite, 

~1% silvery mica, faintly calcareous; molds and casts of pelecypods locally present 

and some rotten shells; massive texture; drilling mud injection parallel to bedding at 

centimeter or less intervals; grayish green (5G 5/2). Box 60 and Box 61. 

654.2 – 654.3 ft: SANDSTONE, vf, with ~15% silt and clay matrix; dolomite-cemented; ~5% dark 

heavy minerals, ~3% chlorite, ~1% silvery mica; massive texture; grayish green (5G

5/2). Box 61. 

654.3 – 660 ft: Run 82 

654.3 – 654.9 ft: SANDSTONE, vf, with ~15% silt and clay matrix; dolomite-cemented; ~5% dark 

heavy minerals, ~3% chlorite, ~1% silvery mica; massive texture; grayish green (5G

5/2). Box 61. 

654.9 – 657.7 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, with ~15% silt and clay matrix; ~5% chlorite, ~3% glauconite(?) 

and dark heavy minerals, ~1% silvery mica, calcareous; very thin interbeds of more 

clay-rich sand and sparse shells present; coarsens downward and very shelly near 

base; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 61. 

657.7 – 658.2 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains <5% vf quartz sand; sticky, noncalcareous; thinly
 

laminated; olive black (5Y 2/1). Box 61.
 

658.2 – 659.3 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, with ~15% silt and clay matrix; 7-8% silvery mica, ~5% chlorite, 

~3% glauconite(?) and dark heavy minerals, calcareous; abundant shell fragments; 

massive texture; coarsens downward and very shelly near base; dark greenish gray 

(5GY 4/1). Box 61. 

659.3 – 660.0 ft: COQUINA, indurated, with quartz-calcite sand matrix, greenish gray (5GY 6/1). 

Box 61. 

660.0 – 670.0 ft: Run 83 

660.0 – 669.3 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, with ~5% or less silt and clay matrix, slightly calcareous; 5-10% 

silvery mica; shelly, mostly pelecypods, some with nacreous luster; faintly bedded, 

bedding defined by clayey intervals; scattered burrows, not clay-lined; dark greenish 

gray (5G 4/1). Box 61, Box 62 and Box 63. 

669.3 – 670.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, with ~5% or less silt and clay matrix, slightly calcareous; 5-10% 

silvery mica; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 63. 

670.0 – 678.5 ft: Run 84 

670.0 – 672.9 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, well sorted, with ~5% silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica; 

sparsely fossiliferous, mostly pelecypods; faint bedding; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). 

Box 63. 

39
 
672.9 – 674.4 ft: SILT, clayey, contains vf quartz sand; moderately abundant pelecypod shells; 

fragments of lignite and pyritized lignite up to 10 mm in length; faint bedding; dark 

greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 63. 

674.4 – 675.9 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, well sorted, with ~5% silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica; 

sparsely fossiliferous, mostly pelecypods; faint bedding; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). 

Box 63 and Box 64. 

675.9 – 676.1 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, with clay matrix; ~10% silvery mica; abundant pelecypod shells, 

abundant fragments of lignite and pyritized lignite up to 10 mm in length; dark 

greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 64. 

676.1 – 678.3 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, well sorted, with ~5% silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica; 

sparsely fossiliferous, mostly pelecypods; faint bedding, horizontal to slightly 

inclined (5o or less); dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 64. 

678.3 – 678.5 ft: No recovery. 

678.5 – 679.7 ft: Run 85 

678.5 – 679.4 ft: COQUINA, with vf-f quartz-calcite sand matrix, calcite-cemented; large pelecypod 

shells abundant, abundant lignite clasts up to 14 mm in diameter; dark greenish gray 

(5G 4/1). Box 64. 

679.4 – 679.7 ft: No recovery. 

679.7 – 690.0 ft: Run 86 

679.7 – 679.8 ft: COQUINA, with vf-f quartz-calcite sand matrix, calcite-cemented; large pelecypod 

shells abundant, abundant lignite clasts up to 14 mm in diameter; dark greenish gray 

(5G 4/1). Box 64. 

679.8 – 680.8 ft: SAND, quartz, vf, well sorted, with ~5% silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica; 

sparsely fossiliferous, mostly pelecypods; faint bedding; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). 

Box 64. 

680.8 – 684.7 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with ~10% silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica, 

chlorite/ilmenite (tr); ~10% shell material, mostly pelecypod; bedding horizontal; 

greenish black (5G 2/1). Box 64 and Box 65. 

684.7 – 687.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with ~5% silt and clay matrix; ~10% silvery mica, 1-

2% fine sand-size lignite, chlorite-ilmenite (tr); ~10% shell material, mostly 

pelecypod; bedding horizontal; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 65. 

687.0 – 688.7 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with ~10% silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica, 

chlorite/ilmenite (tr); ~10% shell material, mostly pelecypod; bedding horizontal; 

greenish black (5G 2/1). Box 65. 

688.7 – 689.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with ~5% silt and clay matrix; ~10% silvery mica, 1-

2% fine sand-size lignite, chlorite-ilmenite (tr); ~10% shell material, mostly 

pelecypod; bedding horizontal; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 65. 

689.5 – 690.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with ~10% silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica, 

chlorite/ilmenite (tr); ~10% shell material, mostly pelecypod; bedding horizontal; 

greenish black (5G 2/1). Box 65. 

40
 
690.0 – 700.0 ft: Run 87 

690.0 – 691.9 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with ~10% silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica, 

chlorite/ilmenite (tr); ~10% shell material, mostly pelecypod; thin lignite layer at 

691.4 ft; bedding horizontal; greenish black (5G 2/1). Box 65 and Box 66. 

691.9 – 692.9 ft: COQUINA, mostly pelecypods, with fine quartz-calcite matrix, calcite-cemented; 

two 4 mm phosphate pebbles present at 692.5 ft; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 66. 

692.9 – 696.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with ~10% silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica, 

chlorite/ilmenite (tr); ~10% shell material, mostly pelecypod; bedding mostly 

horizontal but wavy or distorted around 695.0 ft; greenish black (5G 2/1). Box 66. 

696.5 – 698.1 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with ~5% silt and clay matrix; ~10% silvery mica, 1-

2% fine sand-size lignite, chlorite-ilmenite (tr), orange-pink heavy minerals (tr); 

~10% shell material, mostly pelecypod; bedding horizontal; dark greenish gray (5G

4/1). Box 66. 

698.1 – 700.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with ~10% silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica, 

chlorite/ilmenite (tr); ~10% shell material, mostly pelecypod; bedding horizontal; 

greenish black (5G 2/1). Box 66 and Box 67. 

700.0 – 710.0 ft: Run 88 

700.0 – 709.6 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, with 5-15% silt and clay matrix; 5-8% silvery mica, 

chlorite/ilmenite (tr), glauconite (tr), colored heavy minerals (tr); sparse shells, mostly 

pelecypods, one ammonite at 708.4 ft; horizontal bedding, beds 0.5 to 1.5 ft thick; 

dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 67 and Box 68. 

709.6 – 710.0 ft: No recovery. 

710.0 – 712.0 ft: Run 89 

710.0 – 711.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, with 5-15% silt and clay matrix; 5-8% silvery mica, 

chlorite/ilmenite (tr), glauconite (tr), colored heavy minerals (tr); sparse shells, mostly 

pelecypods; horizontal bedding, beds 0.5 to 1.5 ft thick; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). 

Box 68. 

711.5 – 712.0 ft: COQUINA, mostly pelecypods, with ~20% carbonate matrix; dark greenish gray (5G

4/1). Box 68. 

712.0 – 720.0 ft: Run 90 

712.0 – 712.7 ft: COQUINA, mostly pelecypods, with ~20% carbonate matrix; dark greenish gray (5G

4/1). Box 68. 

712.7 – 717.8 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with 10-15% silt and clay matrix, calcareous; 5-10% 

silvery mica, chlorite (tr), glauconite (tr), colored heavy minerals (tr); abundant 

fossils, mostly pelecypods, some with nacreous luster; faint thin to wavy bedding; 

dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 68 and Box 69. 

717.8 – 720.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with ~5% silt and clay matrix, slightly calcareous; 2-

3% glauconite, ~2% silvery mica, colored heavies (tr), lignite (tr); fossils common, 

mostly pelecypods; texture massive; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 69. 

41
 
720.0 – 730.0 ft: Run 91 

720.0 – 721.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, well sorted, with 10-15% silt and clay matrix, slightly calcareous; 

5-10% silvery mica, chlorite (tr), glauconite (tr), colored heavy minerals (tr); 

abundant fossils, mostly pelecypods, some with nacreous luster; faint thin to wavy 

bedding; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 69. 

721.0 – 721.6 ft: COQUINA, mostly pelecypods, with carbonate matrix; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). 

Box 69. 

721.6 – 722.4 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, with ~10% silt and clay matrix, slightly calcareous; ~5% silvery 

mica, glauconite, and chlorite; shells common, mostly pelecypods; sharp basal 

contact; dark greenish gray (5G 4/1). Box 69 and Box 70. 

722.4 – 725.5 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains ~15% f-c quartz sand; 2-3% silvery mica, heavy minerals 

(tr); no obvious bedding, but root structures with degraded carbon and replacement 

pyrite present from 724.5 to 725.0 ft; gradational contact with bed below; greenish 

gray (5GY 6/1). Box 70. 

725.5 – 729.3 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, with 20-25% silt and clay matrix; 2-3% silvery mica, garnet (tr), 

opaque heavy minerals (tr), lignite fragments (tr); massive texture; greenish gray 

(5GY 6/1) mottled moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 70. 

729.3 – 730.0 ft: No recovery. 

730.0 – 740.0 ft: Run 92 

730.0 – 732.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, angular to subangular, with silt and clay matrix; massive texture 

except for crude thin bedding near base; gradational boundary with bed below; 

greenish gray (5GY 6/1) mottled moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 71. 

732.0 – 736.3 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, angular to subangular, with silt and clay matrix; ~5% chlorite, 

silvery mica (tr), heavy minerals (tr); cross-bedded, herringbone pattern with layers 

0.1 ft thick; grayish green (5GY6/1). Box 71. 

736.3 – 738.6 ft: SILT, clayey, contains vf-f quartz sand, carbonaceous; laminated; dark gray (N 3). 

Box 71 and Box 72. 

738.6 – 739.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, angular to subangular, with silt and clay matrix; ~5% chlorite, 

silvery mica (tr), heavy minerals (tr); cross-bedded, herringbone pattern with layers 

0.1 ft thick; grayish green (5GY 6/1). Box 72. 

739.5 – 740.0 ft: No recovery. 

740.0 – 750.0 ft: Run 93 

740.0 – 742.9 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, angular, with silt and clay matrix; ~5% silvery mica, 1-2% lignite 

fragments up to 14 mm long, chlorite or glauconite (tr); interlayered with SILT, very 

clayey, micaceous; layers 2-10 mm thick, horizontal to slightly inclined, probable 

low-angle cross-beds in sand laminae; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 72. 

742.9 – 746.2 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, angular, well sorted, contains ~15% silt and clay matrix; 5-10% 

silvery mica, chlorite/glauconite (tr), lignite clasts up to 4 mm in diameter (tr); thin 

bedding, some cross-bedded; sharp, inclined contact with bed below; dark greenish 

gray (5G 4/1). Box 72. 

42
 
746.2 – 749.1 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, angular, well sorted; 3-5% silvery mica, ~1% glauconite, ~1% 

opaque heavy minerals; massive texture with local burrows, 14 mm in diameter and 

filled with f-m quartz sand; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 72 and Box 73. 

749.1 – 750.0 ft: No recovery. 

750.0 – 759.0 ft: Run 94 

750.0 – 752.4 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f grading down to f-vc, subround, well sorted, contains 20-30% silt 

and clay matrix; ~5% chlorite, 2-3% silvery mica, 2% grading down to 10-15% 

glauconite, 1-2% phosphate near base; sand concentrated in burrows, some burrows 

partially cemented and slightly calcareous; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 73. 

752.4 – 757.0 ft: No recovery. Sparse phosphate pebbles in core rind immediately above probably 

come from this interval. Geophysical log indicates fining down to 757.0 ft and then 

abrupt change below that. 

Potomac Group, Patuxent Formation 

757.0 – 759.0 ft: No recovery. Geophysical log indicates this interval is quite different from interval 

immediately above. 

759.0 – 765.0 ft: Run 95 

759.0 – 762.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, subround, well sorted, grading down to f-c, subround, poorly 

sorted, contains 10-20% silt and clay matrix; 10-12% chlorite, 2-3% silvery mica, 

~2% dark fine heavy minerals; massive texture with root structures present up to 5 cm 

in length; fining upward sequence; color comprised of mottles of yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/4), pale red (10R 6/2), and greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 73 and Box 74. 

762.0 – 765.0 ft: No recovery. 

765.0 – 770.0 ft: Run 96 

765.0 – 770.0 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subangular to subround, moderately sorted, with 5-7% silt and 

clay matrix; 5-7% chlorite (m-vc size), 1-2% dark heavy minerals; cross-bedded with 

chlorite forming thin bands on drapes; sand coarsens slightly down section; greenish 

gray (5GY 6/1) mottled moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 74. 

770.0 – 780.0 ft: Run 97 

770.0 – 771.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subangular to subround, poorly sorted, with <5% silt and clay 

matrix; 3-5% chlorite, ~2% finely disseminated lignite; faintly cross-bedded in upper 

part; high porosity, no transmissivity, very dry; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 74. 

771.0 – 780.0 ft: No recovery. 

43
 
780.0 – 784.0 ft: Run 98 

780.0 – 781.1 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subround, well sorted, grading down to f-vc, subangular to 

subround, poorly sorted, with <5% silt and clay matrix; 2-3% dark heavy minerals, 

yellow quartz (tr), blue quartz (tr), garnet (tr), silvery mica (tr); massive texture; dark 

greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 74 and Box 75. 

781.1 – 784.0 ft: No recovery. 

784.0 – 790.0 ft: Run 99 

784.0 – 789.2 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, angular to subangular, poorly sorted, with <5% silt and clay 

matrtix; 5-7% chlorite, ~2% silvery mica, yellow quartz (tr), garnet (tr), 1-3% lignite 

fragments up to 1 cm in length; modal grain size varies through section; massive 

texture; porosity variable, transmissivity low to moderate; dark greenish gray (5GY 

4/1). Box 75. 

789.2 – 790.0 ft: No recovery. 

790.0 – 800.0 ft: Run 100 

790.0 – 791.7 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, subangular, poorly sorted, with <5% silt and clay matrix; rose 

quartz (tr), silvery mica (tr), garnet (tr), 1-2% disseminated lignite and rare lignite 

pieces up to 1 cm in length; quartz granules and pebbles present near base; massive 

texture; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 75. 

791.7 – 800.0 ft: No recovery. 

800.0 – 810.0 ft: Run 101 

800.0 – 810.0 ft: No recovery. 

810.0 – 820.0 ft: Run 102 

810.0 – 812.4 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains thin blebs and stringers of vf-f, subangular, well sorted 

quartz sand; up to 10% lignite as chunks up t 2 cm in length and in thin layers up to 

0.1 ft thick; pyrite commonly replaces lignite and occurs in nodules up to 1.5 cm in 

diameter; clay most abundant in thin, discontinuous laminae; gradational contact with 

bed below; grayish black (N 2). Box 76. 

812.4 – 814.7 ft: SAND, quartz vf-vc, angular to subangular, poorly sorted, with 10-15% silt and clay 

matrix; lignite and pyrite nodules common; liquefaction-induced wavy bedding 

(could be original or drilling-induced); point-bar sequence; olive gray (5Y 4/1). 

Box 76. 

814.7 – 817.0 ft: SILT, contains 2-3% vf-f subround, well sorted quartz and lignite sand; faint root and 

ped structures visible; thin layers of f-vc angular to subangular poorly sorted quartz 

sand present, with rutilated and yellow quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter; tight 

and dry; olive gray (5Y 4/1). Box 76. 

817.0 – 818.2 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains 7-10% vf-f rounded and well sorted quartz sand; 

disseminated lignite (tr); root casts and ped structures visible; tight and dry; top of a 

point-bar sequence; medium gray (N 5). Box 76 and Box 77. 

44 
818.2 – 820.0 ft: No recovery. 

820.0 – 830.0 ft: Run 103 

820.0 – 820.2 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains 7-10% vf-f round, well sorted quartz sand; root casts and 

ped structures visible; disseminated lignite (tr); tight and dry; top of a point-bar 

sequence; medium gray (N 5). Box 77. 

820.2 – 820.5 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, round, well sorted, with silt and clay matrix; medium-gray (N 5). 

Box 77. 

820.5 – 821.0 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains 7-10% vf-f round, well sorted quartz sand; root casts and 

ped structures visible; disseminated lignite (tr); tight and dry; top of a point-bar 

sequence; medium gray (N 5). Box 77. 

821.0 – 822.3 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, angular to subangular, poorly sorted, contains <5% silt and clay 

matrix; 1-2% yellow and blue quartz; quartz granules and pebbles up to 1.5 cm in 

diameter common throughout; massive texture; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 77. 

822.3 – 830.0 ft: No recovery. 

830.0 – 840.0 ft: Run 104 

830 0 – 831.9 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, angular to subangular, poorly sorted, with <2% silt and clay 

matrix; yellow rutilated quartz and blue quartz grains common, garnets (tr); angular to 

subround quartz pebbles up to 4 cm in diameter abundant at base; high porosity and 

high transmissivity; yellowish gray (5Y 7/2). Box 77. 

831.9 – 832.5 ft: SAND, quartz, f-c, subangular to subround, poorly sorted, with abundant clay and silt 

matrix, sticky; massive texture; contact gradational with bed below; greenish gray 

(5GY 6/1). Box 77. 

832.5 – 833.2 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, angular to subangular, poorly sorted, with <2% silt and clay 

matrix; yellow rutilated quartz and blue quartz grains common, garnets (tr); high 

porosity and high transmissivity; greenish gray (5GY 6/2). Box 77. 

833.2 – 838.0 ft: No recovery, geophysical log suggests sand as above. 

838.0 – 840.0 ft: No recovery, geophysical log suggests clayey silt as below. 

840.0 – 850.0 ft: Run 105 

840.0 –845.5 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains 2-3% vf quartz sand; root ghosts and very thin organic 

layers occur throughout; sharp contact with bed below; tight and dry, crumbles when 

cut; color ranges from dark-greenish gray (5GY 4/1) to light olive gray (5Y 6/1). 

Box 77 and Box 78. 

845.5 – 847.2 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, subangular to subround, poorly-sorted, with <5% silt and clay 

matrix; 1-2% quartz granules, 1-2% blue quartz, rutilated quartz, and yellow quartz; 

massive texture; color comprised of mottles of dark greenish gray (6GY 4/1) and 

moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4). Box 78. 

847.2 – 847.8 ft: GRAVEL, quartz pebbles and granules, large silt rip-up clast present; sharp contact 

with bed below; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 78. 

847.8 – 848.5 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains 2-3% vf quartz sand; paleosol, root ghosts and very thin 

organic layers occur throughout; tight and dry, crumbles when cut; color ranges from 

dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) to light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 78. 

848.5 – 850.0 ft: No recovery. 

45
 
850.0 – 860.0 ft: Run 106 

850.0 – 860.0 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains <3% vf quartz sand; ped structures and root casts present; 

slickensides present; sticky and crumbly; color comprised of mottles of greenish gray 

(5GY 6/1), moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and moderate reddish brown (10R 

4/6). Box 78, Box 79, and Box 80. 

860.0 – 870.0 ft: Run 107 

860.0 – 866.2 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains <3% vf quartz sand; ped structures and root casts present; 

slickensides more abundant than above; sticky and crumbly; gradational contact with 

bed below; color comprised of mottles of greenish gray (5GY 6/1), moderate 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6). Box 80 and 

Box 81. 

866.2 – 870.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subround, moderately sorted, with ~10% silt and clay matrix; 

<2% disseminated pyrite, ~1% dark heavy minerals, rutilated quartz (tr); massive 

texture; color comprised of mottles of greenish gray (5G 6/1) and moderate brown 

(5YR 3/4). Box 81. 

870.0 – 875.0 ft: Run 108 

870.0 – 871.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subround, moderately sorted, with ~10% silt and clay matrix; 

<2% disseminated pyrite, ~1% dark heavy minerals, rutilated quartz (tr); massive 

texture; color comprised of mottles of greenish gray (5G 6/1) and moderate brown 

(5YR 3/4). Box 81. 

871.0 – 873.4 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subangular to subround, poorly sorted, with 7-10% silt and clay 

matrix, grading down to vf-vc, subround, poorly sorted, with rare subround quartz 

granules, ~5% silt and clay; 2-3% dark heavy minerals, 1% chlorite, color comprised 

of mottles of greenish gray (5GY 6/1) and moderate yellowish brown (10Y R5/4). 

Box 81 and Box 82. 

873.4 – 875.0 ft: No recovery. 

875.0 – 880.0 ft: Run 109 

875.0 – 879.2 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, angular to subangular, poorly sorted, with <3% silt and clay 

matrix; quartz granules present at top, becoming more abundant downward; quartz 

pebbles up to 4 cm in length common in lower part, foliated gneiss pebbles up to 3 

cm in length scattered throughout, gravelly in basal 0.5 ft; dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) from 

875.0 to 880.0, grading rapidly to greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 82. 

879.2 – 880.0 ft: No recovery. 

46
 
880.0 – 890.0 ft: Run 110 

880.0 – 881.2 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, angular to subangular, poorly sorted, with 3-5% silt and clay 

matrix; granules common and pebbles up to 1.5 cm scattered throughout; light olive 

gray (5Y 6/1). Box 82. 

881.2 – 881.7 ft: GRAVEL, mostly quartz, subangular to subround, with f-vc angular to subangular 

poorly sorted quartz sand matrix; clasts up to 4 cm in length; sharp contact with bed 

below; light olive gray (5Y 6/1). Box 82. 

881.7 – 882.4 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains pockets of f-vc angular to subangular poorly sorted
 

quartz sand; feldspar fragments common and granules scattered throughout;
 

fragmented and burrowed texture; crumbly and dry; dark gray (N 3). Box 82.
 

882.4 – 883.5 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subangular to subround, moderately sorted, with 5-7% silt and 

clay matrix; cobbles at base; greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 82 and Box 83. 

883.5 – 890.0 ft: No recovery. 

890.0 – 900.0 ft: Run 111 

890.0 – 890.6 ft: SAND, quartz, f-m, subangular to subround, moderately sorted, with 5-7% silt and 

clay matrix; subangular to subround pebbles and cobbles moderately abundant, large 

cobble at top 0.2 ft in length; greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 83. 

890.6 – 892.4 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-f, round, well sorted, with 30-40% silt and clay matrix; 1-2% dark 

heavy minerals, silvery mica (tr); massive texture; greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 83. 

892.4 – 892.8 ft: GRAVEL, quartz, subangular to angular, contains vf-f well sorted round quartz sand 

matrix; clasts up to 2 cm in length; greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 83. 

892.8 – 893.5 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains vf quartz sand in small blebs; tight and dry; sharp contact 

with bed below, marked thin iron-cemented zone; color comprised of mottles of dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/2), dusky yellow green (5GY 5/2), and moderate yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/4). Box 83. 

893.5 – 893.9 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subround, moderately sorted, with 5-7% silt and clay matrix; 1-

2% dark heavy minerals, lignite (tr); greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 83. 

893.9 – 894.3 ft: SILT, very clayey; dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1). Box 83. 

894.3 – 895.0 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subround, moderately sorted, with 5-7% silt and clay matrix; 1-

2% dark heavy minerals, lignite (tr); greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 83. 

895.0 – 900.0 ft: No recovery. 

900.0 – 910.0 ft: Run 112 

900.0 – 900.6 ft: SAND, quartz, vf-m, subround, moderately sorted, with 5-7% silt and clay matrix; 1-

2% dark heavy minerals, lignite (tr); greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 83. 

900.6 – 900.8 ft: GRAVEL, quartz and chloritic quartz, subangular to subround, with vf-m subround 

quartz sand matrix; clasts up to 3 cm in diameter. Box 83. 

900.8 – 902.0 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, subangular to subround, poorly sorted, with 20-25% silt and clay 

matrix; quartz granules and small pebbles common; massive texture; sharp contact 

with bed below; greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 83 and Box 84. 

902.0 – 907.4 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains 2-3% f-m subround quartz sand; ped structures and 

limonite-filled root casts present; massive texture; dry and crumbly; color comprised 

of mottles of greenish gray (5GY 6/1) and dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 84. 

47
 
907.4 – 910.0 ft: No recovery. 

910.0 – 919.5 ft: Run 113 

910.0 – 914.2 ft: No recovery. Geophysical log indicates loss was in silt at top; on-site marker in
 

photo assumed loss in sand at bottom.
 

914.2 – 918.2 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains 2-3% f-m subround quartz sand; ped structures and 

 limonite-filled root casts present; massive texture; dry and crumbly; color comprised 

of mottles of greenish gray (5GY 6/1) and dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 85. 

918.2 – 919.5 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, subangular, poorly sorted, with <5% silt and clay matrix; quartz 

granules common, 1-2 % dark heavy minerals, ~1% feldspar, blue and rutilated quartz 

(tr), garnet (tr); massive texture; greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 85. 

919.5 – 921.5 ft: Run 114 

919.5 – 921.5 ft: No recovery. 

921.5 – 930.0 ft: Run 115 

921.5 – 930.0 ft: No recovery. 

930.0 – 935.0 ft: Run 116 

930.0 – 931.0 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains <2% vf quartz sand; ped structures and root casts present; 

contact gradational with bed below; very hard, crumbly, dry; reddish brown (10R 4/6) 

mottled greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 85. 

931.0 – 932.6 ft: SAND, quartz, f, subround, well sorted, with 5-7% silt and clay matrix; dark heavy 

minerals (tr); massive texture; greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 85. 

932.6 – 935.0 ft: No recovery. 

935.0 – 944.0 ft: Run 117 

935.0 – 935.3 ft: SAND, quartz, f, subround, well sorted, with 5-7% silt and clay matrix; dark heavy 

minerals (tr); massive texture; greenish gray (5GY 6/1). Box 85. 

935.3 – 936.5 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains <3% vf quartz sand; thin chloritic quartz sand stringers 

scattered throughout; basal contact sharp, marked by a thin iron-cemented zone; hard, 

crumbly, dry; color comprised of mottles of dark greenish gray ((5GY 4/1), olive gray 

(5Y 4/1), and moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6). Box 85. 

936.5 – 938.0 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, subangular to subround, poorly sorted, with 5-7% silt and clay 

matrix; mud balls and rip-up clasts abundant, up to 1.5 cm in length; color comprised 

of mottles of moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), greenish gray (5GY 6/1), 

moderate brown (5Y 4/4), and very light gray (N 8). Box 86. 

938.0 – 939.2 ft: SAND, quartz, f-vc, subangular, with <5% silt and clay matrix; 5-7% dark heavy 

minerals, yellow and rutilated quartz (tr); color comprised of mottles of moderate 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), greenish gray (5GY 6/1), moderate brown (5Y 4/4), and 

very light gray (N 8). Box 86. 

48
 
939.2 – 941.2 ft: SAND, quartz, m-vc, subangular, with <5% silt and clay matrix, quartz granules 

common, rare pebbles up to 1 cm; color comprised of mottles of moderate yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/4), greenish gray (5GY 6/1), moderate brown (5Y 4/4), and very light 

gray (N 8). Box 86. 

941.2 – 944.0 ft: No recovery. 

944.0 – 950.0 ft: Run 118 

944.0 – 944.8 ft: SANDSTONE, quartz, m-vc, subangular, with <5% silt and clay matrix, quartz 

granules and angular pebbles up to 2 cm in length, silica cemented; color comprised 

of mottles of moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), greenish gray (5GY 6/1), 

moderate brown (5Y 4/4), and very light gray (N 8). Box 86. 

944.8 – 950.0 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains <2% vf quartz sand; root casts abundant; hard, crumbly; 

color comprised of mottles of dark yellowish orange (10R 6/6), medium light gray (N 

6), and reddish brown (10R 4/6). Box 86 and Box 87. 

950.0 – 955.5 ft: Run 119 

950.0 – 955.4 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains <2% vf quartz sand; 1-2 mm-thick layers of dark, 

organic-rich clay present, root casts abundant; hard, crumbly; color comprised of 

mottles of dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), medium light gray (N 6), and reddish 

brown (10R 4/6). Box 87 and Box 88. 

955.4 – 955.5 ft: No recovery. 

955.5 – 960.0 ft: Run 120 

955.5 – 958.9 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains <2% vf quartz sand; 1-2 mm-thick layers of dark, 

organic-rich clay present in top of section; two thin (<02 mm thick) lignitic zones 

near base, magnetite octahedrals form a thin layer between these lignite layers; mostly 

massive texture; tight, dry; light greenish gray (5GY 8/1) to greenish gray (5GY 6/1) 

mottled pale reddish brown (10R 5/4). Box 88. 

958.9 – 960.0 ft: No recovery. 

960.0 – 968.0 ft: Run 121 

960.0 – 961.5 ft: SILT, very clayey, contains <2% vf quartz sand; massive texture; contact gradational 

with bed below; tight, dry; light greenish gray (5GY 8/1) to greenish gray (5GY 6/1) 

mottled pale reddish brown (10R 5/4). Box 88. 

961.5 – 965.9 ft: SAND, quartz, f-c, angular to subangular, poorly sorted, with 5-7% silt and clay 

matrix; silvery mica (tr), dark heavy minerals (tr); chert nodule present at 964.1, 3cm 

in length; massive texture; contact gradational with bed below; color comprised of 

mottles of grayish green (10GY 5/2), greenish gray (5GY 6/1), light brown (5YR 5/6), 

and light olive brown ((5Y 5/6). Box 88 and Box 89. 

965.9 – 967.9 ft: SILT, clayey, contains quartz sand, m-c, subangular, poorly sorted; small mudballs up 

to 1 cm in diameter abundant in basal foot; ped structures and limonite-filled fracture 

49
 
surfaces present; crumbly, dry; color comprised of mottles of light olive gray (5Y 5/2) 

and dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 89. 

967.9 – 968.0 ft: No recovery. 

968.0 – 970.5 ft: Run 122 

968.0 – 969.6 ft: No recovery. Geophysical log indicates loss was sand at top; on-site marker in photo 

assumed loss at bottom. 

969.6 – 970.5 ft: SILT, very clayey; ped structures and root casts present, slickensides common; color 

comprised of mottles of light olive gray (5Y 5/2) and dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). 

Box 89. 

970.5 – 973.0 ft: Run 123 

970.5 – 973.0 ft: SILT, very clayey; ped structures and root casts present, slickensides common; color 

comprised of mottles of light olive gray (5Y 5/2) and dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). 

Box 89 and Box 90. 

973.0 – 980.0 ft: Run 124 

973.0 – 978.3 ft: SILT, very clayey; mostly massive but with a few horizons of packed sand-size 

clayballs; slickensided surfaces scattered throughout; dark areas probably degraded 

pyrite turned to iron-oxide nodules; light olive gray (5Y 6/1) mottled pale reddish 

brown (10R 5/4), dark reddish brown (10R 3/4), and moderate reddish brown (10R 

4/6). Box 90. 

978.3 – 980.0 ft: No recovery. 

980.0 – 985.0 ft: Run 125 

980.0 – 983.6 ft: SILT, very clayey; mostly massive but with a few horizons of packed sand-size 

clayballs; slickensided surfaces scattered throughout; dark areas probably degraded 

pyrite turned to iron-oxide nodules; fractured, crumbly; light olive gray (5Y 6/1) 

mottled pale reddish brown (10R 5/4), dark reddish brown (10R 3/4), and moderate 

reddish brown (10R 4/6). Box 90 and Box 91. 

983.6 – 985.0 ft: No recovery. 

985.0 – 995.0 ft: Run 126 

985.0 – 987.8 ft: SILT, very clayey; massive; slickensided surfaces scattered throughout; fractured, 

crumbly; light greenish gray (5GY 8/1) mottled moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 91. 

987.8 – 989.0 ft: SILT, very clayey; knobbly texture due to accumulation of clayballs or due to a 

spheroidal weathering pattern, average diameter of spheroids about 8 mm; fractured, 

crumbly; quartz geode present at 988.7 ft, center filled with clear quartz crystals; dark 

reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 91. 

989.0 – 989.5 ft: SILT, very clayey, plastic; faintly layered, layers 3-5 mm thick; light greenish gray 

(5GY 8/1) mottled moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 91. 

50
 
989.5 – 990.3 ft: SILT, very clayey; knobbly texture due to accumulation of clayballs or due to a 

spheroidal weathering pattern, average diameter of spheroids about 8 mm; fractured, 

crumbly; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 91. 

990.3 – 991.0 ft: SILT, very clayey, plastic; faintly layered, layers 3-5 mm thick; light greenish gray 

(5GY 8/1) mottled moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 91 and Box 92. 

991.0 – 992.0 ft: SILT, very clayey; knobbly texture due to accumulation of clayballs or due to a 

spheroidal weathering pattern, average diameter of spheroids about 8 mm; fractured, 

crumbly; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 92. 

992.0 – 993.5 ft: SILT, very clayey, plastic; faintly layered, layers 3-5 mm thick; pisolites or borrows 

at 991.0 ft; light greenish gray (5GY 8/1) mottled moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 92. 

993.5 – 994.7 ft: SILT, very clayey; knobbly texture due to accumulation of clayballs or due to a 

spheroidal weathering pattern (primitive pisolites?), average diameter spheroids about 

8 mm; fractured, crumbly; clay-filled fractures run through some areas at a 45 0 

angle; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 92. 

994.7 – 995.0 ft: No recovery. 

995.0 – 1000.0 ft: Run 127 

995.0 – 995.5 ft: SILT, very clayey; knobbly texture due to accumulation of clayballs or due to a 

spheroidal weathering pattern (primitive pisolites?), average diameter spheroids about 

8 mm; fractured, crumbly; clay-filled fractures run through some areas at a 45 0 

angle; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 92. 

995.5 – 996.6 ft: SILT, very clayey, plastic; faintly layered, layers 3-5 mm thick; light-greenish-gray 

(5GY 8/1) mottled moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 92. 

996.6 – 996.7 ft: SILT, very clayey; knobbly texture due to accumulation of clayballs or due to a 

spheroidal weathering pattern (primitive pisolites?), average diameter spheroids about 

8 mm; fractured, crumbly; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 92. 

996.7 – 996.9 ft: SILT, very clayey, plastic; faintly layered, layers 3-5 mm thick; light greenish gray 

(5GY 8/1) mottled moderate-brown (5YR 4/4). Box 92. 

996.9 – 997.0 ft: SILT, very clayey; knobbly texture due to accumulation of clayballs or due to a 

spheroidal weathering pattern (primitive pisolites?), average diameter spheroids about 

8 mm; fractured, crumbly; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 92. 

997.0 – 997.2 ft: SILT, very clayey, plastic; faintly layered, layers 3-5 mm thick; light greenish gray 

(5GY 8/1) mottled moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 92. 

997.2 – 997.3 ft: SILT, very clayey; knobbly texture due to accumulation of clayballs or due to a 

spheroidal weathering pattern (primitive pisolites?), average diameter spheroids about 

8 mm; fractured, crumbly; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 92. 

997.3 – 998.4 ft: SILT, very clayey, plastic; faintly layered, layers 3-5 mm thick; light greenish gray 

(5GY 8/1) mottled moderate brown (5YR 4/4). Box 92. 

998.4 –1000.0 ft: No recovery. 

1000.0 – 1010.0 ft: Run 128 

1000.0 – 1000.2 ft: Sparse recovery; isolated 0.2 ft section of knobbly, very clayey silt caught in core 

barrel. Box 93. 

1000.2 – 1010.0 ft: No recovery. Driller reports this interval drilled like sand. 

51
 
1010.0 – 1015.0 ft: Run 129 

1010.0 – 1012.0 ft: No recovery. Driller reports this interval drilled like sand. 

1012.0 – 1015.0 ft: No recovery. Driller reports this interval drilled like sand, but geophysical SP log 

suggests this interval is gravel. 

1015.0 – 1020.0 ft: Run 130 

1015.0 – 1015.3 ft: Sparse recovery. Driller reports this interval drilled like sand; slurry of subangular

 to subround coarse quartz sand and granules captured in core barrel; many quartz 

grains rutilated, others yellow, pink, clear, and a few blue (tr). Box 93. 

1015.3 – 1020.0 ft: No recovery. 

1020.0 – 1021.0 ft: Run 131 

1020.0 – 1021.0 ft: SILT, very clayey; root mottled; greenish gray (5GY 6/1) blotched moderate
 

reddish brown (10R 4/6); possibly recaptured from higher up? Box 93.
 

1021.0 – 1030.0 ft: Run 132 

1021.0 – 1026.0 ft: Sparse recovery. Residue in core barrel included subangular to subround quartz 

granules and pebbles up to 3 cm long; one quartz fragment (from chlorite schist) 6 

mm long. Box 93. 

Newark Supergroup, Chatham Group undifferentiated 

1026.0 – 1030.0 ft: No recovery. Drilling mud changed from tan to bright-reddish-orange in this 

interval; big jump in both gamma and resistivity logs at 1026.0 ft indicates major 

change in lithology. 

1030.0 – 1032.0 ft: Run 133 

1030.0 – 1032.0 ft: No recovery. Inner barrel failed to lock in core barrel so 2.0 ft of core stuck in end 

of core barrel. Core pushed out with small drill rod, sample caught below probably 

from this interval. 

1032.0 – 1035.0 ft: Run 134 

1032.0 – 1032.7 ft: Sparse recovery. 0.6 ft of core or residue collected behind subround milky quartz 

cobble (55 x 40 x 35 mm) badly scoured by carbide wafers; probable cause of 

previous core loss; 0.6 ft interval of dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) very clayey silt 

containing small fragments of dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) ferruginous sandstone. 

Box 93. 

1032.7 – 1035.0 ft: No recovery. 

52
 
1035.0 – 1040.0 ft: Run 135 

1035.0 – 1040.0 ft: Sparse recovery. Rounded but broken yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) sandstone or 

quartzite cobble (45 x 35 x 30 mm) caught in end of core barrel. Residue from 

blockage is sandy mud ranging from moderate red (5R 4/6) to dark reddish brown 

(10R 3/4). Box 93. 

1040.0 – 1045.0 ft: Run 136 

1040.0 – 1045.0 ft: Sparse recovery. Pulled up one large block of foliated quartzite (80 x 60 x 50 mm) 

followed by 1.7 ft of finer residue from base of section, dark reddish brown (10R 

3/4) with pebbles stained reddish brown (10R 4/3). Box 93. 

1045.0 – 1046.0 ft: Run 137 

1045.0 – 1046.0 ft: SILT, very clayey; abundant root mottling; faintly banded or bedded; pale reddish 

brown (10R 6/4) mottled moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6). Box 93 and Box 94. 

1046.0 – 1052.0 ft: Run 138 

1046.0 – 1046.7 ft: SILT, very clayey; abundant root mottling; faintly banded or bedded; dark reddish 

brown (10R 3/4). Box 94. 

1046.7 – 1050.0 ft: SILT, very clayey; massive; semi-indurated; grayish red (5R 4/2) mottled dark 

reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 94. 

1050.0 – 1050.2 ft: CONGLOMERATE, angular pebbles up to 1 cm in length in silt-clay matrix; 

background color yellowish gray (5Y 7/2), but some individual clasts black, green, 

and slate gray. Box 94. 

1050.2 – 1050.4 ft: SILT, very clayey; massive; semi-indurated; grayish red (5R 4/2) mottled dark 

reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 94. 

1050.4 – 1050.7 ft: CONGLOMERATE, angular pebbles up to 1 cm in length in silt-clay matrix; 

background color yellowish gray (5Y 7/2), but some individual clasts black, green, 

and slate gray. Box 94. 

1050.7 – 1051.5 ft: SILT, very clayey; massive; moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) mottled grayish red 

(5R 4/2). Box 94. 

1051.5 – 1052.0 ft: SILT, clayey; includes a lense of pebble conglomerate like above and scattered 

angular pebbles or rock chips up to 4 cm long; moderate- reddish brown (10R 4/6). 

Box 94. 

1052.0 – 1060.0 ft: Run 139 

1052.0 – 1054.2 ft: CONGLOMERATE, angular to subround pebbles and cobbles up to 6 cm long, 

very poorly sorted, clast supported; about 75% ferruginous Triassic sandstone 

clasts and 25% Carolina Slate Belt schist and vein quartz clasts; some 

metamorphic clasts saprolitized and a few granitic clasts partly saprolitized; with 

vf-vc silty and clayey quartz sand matrix; this interval much fresher and denser 

than intervals above; matrix dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) to dusky red (5R 3/4); 

53
 
clasts varicolored including dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) Triassic clasts and 

moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) Carolina Slate Belt clasts. Box 94 and Box 95. 

1054.2 – 1055.9 ft: SANDSTONE, quartz, f-m with scattered c grading down to m-c and quartz 

granular, round, with 10-15% silt and clay matrix; massive texture; dark reddish 

brown (10R 3/4). Box 95. 

1055.9 – 1056.7 ft: CONGLOMERATE, angular to subround pebbles and cobbles up to 6 cm long, 

very poorly sorted, clast supported; about 75% ferruginous Triassic sandstone 

clasts and 25% Carolina Slate Belt schist, vein quartz, and diabase (or greenstone 

or hornfels) clasts; some metamorphic clasts saprolitized and a few granitic clasts 

partly saprolitized; with vf-vc silty and clayey quartz sand matrix; this interval 

much fresher and denser than intervals above; matrix dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) 

to dusky red (5R 3/4), clasts varicolored including dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) 

(Triassic), moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) (Carolina Slate Belt), and dark gray (N 

3) (diabase). Box 95. 

1056.7 – 1060.0 ft: No recovery. 

1060.0 – 1063.0 ft: Run 140 

1060.0 – 1061.4 ft: CONGLOMERATE, mostly angular to subround pebbles up to 3 cm long, very 

poorly sorted, clast supported; about 75% ferruginous Triassic sandstone clasts and 

25% Carolina Slate Belt schist, vein quartz, and diabase (or greenstone or hornfels) 

clasts; some metamorphic clasts saprolitized and a few granitic clasts partly 

saprolitized; vf-vc silty and clayey quartz sand matrix; this interval much fresher 

and denser than intervals above; matrix dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) to dusky red 

(5R 3/4), clasts varicolored including dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) Triassic clasts, 

moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) Carolina Slate Belt clasts, and dark gray (N 3) 

diabase clasts. Box 95. 

1061.4 – 1063.0 ft: No recovery. 

1063.0 – 1070.0 ft: Run 141 

1063.0 – 1064.5 ft: SILTSTONE, clayey, contains sparse vf quartz sand; semi-indurated; small chips 

of Carolina Slate Belt rocks scattered throughout; abundant root ghosts with pyrite 

cores oxidized to iron-oxide; massive texture; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) with 

pale greenish yellow (10Y 8/2) root ghosts and blotches of grayish red purple (5RP 

4/2). Box 95. 

1064.5 – 1065.2 ft: SANDSTONE, quartz, f-vc, subround, granular, semi-indurated; small chips of 

Carolina Slate Belt rocks scattered throughout; massive texture; moderate reddish 

brown (10R 4/6) mottled pale greenish yellow (10Y 8/2). Box 95. 

1065.2 – 1067.1 ft: SILTSTONE, clayey, contains sparse vf quartz sand; semi-indurated; small chips 

of Carolina Slate Belt rocks scattered throughout; abundant root ghosts with pyrite 

cores oxidized to iron-oxide; massive texture; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4) with 

pale greenish yellow (10Y 8/2) root ghosts and blotches of grayish red purple (5RP 

4/2). Box 95 and Box 96. 

1067.1 – 1067.7 ft: No recovery. 

54
 
1067.7 – 1070.0 ft: SILTSTONE, clayey, contains ~10% vf-vc quartz sand and ~2% quartz granules; 

massive texture; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). (Recovered on Run 142, break 

placed at point of core undercut.) Box 96. 

1070.0 – 1078.0 ft: Run 142 

1070.0 – 1070.9 ft: SILTSTONE, clayey, contains ~10% vf-vc quartz sand and ~2% quartz granules; 

massive texture; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 96. 

1070.9 – 1072.5 ft: CONGLOMERATE, angular to well rounded pebbles up to 4.5 cm long, clast 

supported; ~50% ferruginous sandstone clasts and 50% chloritic clasts, rare dark 

(probably diabase) clasts; vf-vc silty and clayey quartz sand matrix; ferruginous 

clasts grayish red (5R 4/2), chloritic clasts grayish olive (10Y 4/2), and diabase 

clasts olive black (5Y 2/1). Box 96. 

1072.5 – 1073.0 ft: SILTSTONE, clayey, contains ~10% vf-vc quartz sand and ~2% quartz granules; 

massive texture; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 96. 

1073.0 – 1074.9 ft: CONGLOMERATE, angular to well rounded pebbles up to 4.5 cm long, clast 

supported; ~50% ferruginous sandstone clasts and 50% chloritic clasts, rare dark 

(probably diabase) clasts; vf-vc silty and clayey quartz sand matrix; ferruginous 

clasts grayish red (5R 4/2), chloritic clasts grayish olive (10Y 4/2), and diabase 

clasts olive black (5Y 2/1). Box 96 and Box 97. 

1074.9 – 1075.3 ft: SILTSTONE, clayey, contains ~10% vf-vc quartz sand and ~2% quartz granules; 

massive texture; prominent slickensided fracture cuts at 45 0

 angle through this 

section; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 97. 

1075.3 – 1078.0 ft: CONGLOMERATE, angular to round pebbles up to 4.5 cm long, matrix 

supported; ~ 75% chloritic clasts and ~25% ferruginous sandstone clasts; f-vc silty 

and clayey quartz sand matrix; chloritic clasts greenish gray (5GY 6/1), ferruginous 

clasts grayish red (5R 4/2), sand matrix dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 97. 

1078.0 – 1085.0 ft: Run 143 

1078.0 – 1079.8 ft: SILTSTONE, very clayey; ferruginous sandstone clasts in basal 0.1 ft; massive 

texture; jointed and fractured, surfaces thinly coated with pale green mineral; dark 

reddish brown (10R 3/4) to dusky red (5R 3/4). Box 97. 

1079.8 – 1080.0 ft: No recovery. 

1080.0 – 1080.3 ft: SILTSTONE, clayey, contains vf quartz sandy; massive texture; grayish-red (5R 

4/2). Box 97. 

1080.3 – 1082.9 ft: CONGLOMERATE, subround to round pebbles up to 4 cm long, clast supported; 

~50% ferruginous sandstone clasts and ~50% chloritic clasts; f-vc silty and clayey 

quartz sand matrix; sandstone clasts dusky red (5R 3/4), chloritic clasts yellowish 

gray (5Y 7/2), sand matrix dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 97 and Box 98. 

1082.9 – 1085.0 ft: SILTSTONE, clayey, vf quartz sandy; contains ~5% c-vc quartz and rock fragment 

sand and granules in thin zones; grayish red (5R 4/2). Box 98. 

1085.0 – 1090.0 ft: Run 144 

1085.0 – 1088.5 ft: SILTSTONE, clayey, contains vf quartz sand; ~5% c-vc quartz and rock fragment 

sand and granules in thin zones; root mottling from 1085.5 to 1088.0 ft; thin (~1 

55
 
mm wide) mineralized layers cross core at 1085.0 and 1086.3 ft; possibly zeolites; 

filled void at 185.7 ft; grayish red (5R 4/2). Box 98. 

1088.5 – 1090.0 ft: CONGLOMERATE, subround to round pebbles and cobbles up to 9 cm in length, 

clast supported; diverse clast types including foliated slate/schist flat pebbles, 

ferruginous sandstone clasts, and granitic clasts; f-vc silty and clayey quartz sand 

matrix; clast colors as above plus many more, sand matrix dark reddish brown 

(10R 3/4). Box 98 and Box 99. 

1090.0 – 1094.5 ft: Run 145 

1090.0 – 1091.9 ft: CONGLOMERATE, subround to round pebbles and cobbles up to 8.4 cm in 

length, clast supported; diverse clast types including foliated slate/schist flat 

pebbles, ferruginous sandstone clasts, and granitic clasts; f-vc silty and clayey 

quartz sand matrix; slickensides locally present; clast colors as above plus many 

more, sand matrix dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 99. 

1091.9 – 1092.7 ft: SANDSTONE, f-vc, subangular to subround, poorly sorted, with silt and clay 

matrix; some vc grains are fragments of Carolina Slate Belt lithologies; knobbly 

texture; very dusky red purple (5RP 2/2). Box 99. 

1092.7 – 1093.2 ft: SANDSTONE, f-vc, subangular to subround, poorly sorted, with silt and clay 

matrix; some vc grains are fragments of Carolina Slate Belt lithologies; massive 

texture; dark reddish brown (10R 3/4). Box 99. 

1093.2 – 1094.5 ft: No recovery. 

Bottom of Hole: Total Depth 1094.5 ft. 

56
 
APPENDIX 2. Hope Plantation run log, showing run numbers, time of extrusion from the 

inner core barrel, depth, recovery, and any other significant information pertaining to core 

loss. 

Hope Plantation - Run Log

 Date Run # Time Top Bottom Core Core Notes 

Depth (ft) Depth (ft) Drilled Recovered 

3/12/04 1 8:55am 0.0 3.0 3.0 1.9 1.1 loss at bottom 

3/12/04 2 9:10am 3.0 7.0 4.0 1.5 2.5 loss at bottom 

3/12/04 3 9:30am 7.0 12.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 loss at bottom 

3/12/04 4 10:15am 12.0 15.0 3.0 1.6 1.4 loss at bottom 

3/12/04 5 10:40am 15.0 20.0 5.0 2.7 2.3 loss at bottom-core compaction 

3/12/04 6 11:30am 20.0 24.0 4.0 0.0 4.0 loss-very loose coarse sand 

3/12/04 7 11:50am 24.0 29.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 loss - gravel in shoe 

3/12/04 8 12:15pm 29.0 30.5 1.5 1.4 0.1 loss at bottom 

3/12/04 9 12:50pm 30.5 34.0 3.5 3.2 0.2 loss at bottom 

3/12/04 10 2:30pm 34.0 40.0 6.0 5.2 0.8 loss at bottom 

3/13/04 11 10:30am 40.0 50.0 10.0 9.8 0.2 loss at bottom 

3/13/04 12 11:15am 50.0 60.0 10.0 9.5 0.5 loss at bottom 

3/13/04 13 12:15pm 60.0 70.0 10.0 9.7 0.3 loss at bottom 

3/13/04 14 12:45pm 70.0 80.0 10.0 10.2 0.2 extra - core expansion 

3/13/04 15 1:30pm 80.0 90.0 10.0 4.0 6.0 loss at bottom 

3/13/04 16 2:15pm 90.0 95.0 5.0 4.9 0.1 loss at bottom 

3/13/04 17 2:45pm 95.0 100.0 5.0 3.3 1.7 loss at bottom 

3/13/04 18 4:15pm 100.0 110.0 10.0 10.7 0.7 - core expansion 

3/13/04 19 5:05pm 110.0 120.0 10.0 8.3 1.7 loss at bottom 

3/14/04 20 9:15am 120.0 121.5 1.5 0.0 1.5 loss - pyrite nodule 

3/14/04 21 9:55am 121.5 130.0 8.5 8.9 0.4 extra from previous run 

3/14/04 22 10.30am 130.0 140.0 10.0 10.0 

3/14/04 23 10.55am 140.0 150.0 10.0 10.6 0.6 extra - core expansion 

3/14/04 24 11:45am 150.0 160.0 10.0 6.4 3.6 loss at top 

3/14/04 25 12:15pm 160.0 162.0 2.0 1.8 0.2 loss at bottom 

3/14/04 26 2:05pm 162.0 170.0 8.0 5.0 3.0 loss at bottom 

3/14/04 27 2:45pm 170.0 180.0 10.0 3.3 6.7 loss at bottom 

3/14/04 28 3:50pm 180.0 190.0 10.0 5.8 4.2 loss at top 

3/14/04 29 5:15pm 190.0 200.0 10.0 4.5 5.5 loss at bottom 

3/15/04 30 9:26am 200.0 205.0 5.0 4.2 0.8 loss at bottom 

3/15/04 31 10:15am 205.0 210.0 5.0 4.9 0.1 loss at bottom 

3/15/04 32 12:05pm 210.0 220.0 10.0 8.9 1.1 loss at bottom 

3/15/04 33 1:05pm 220.0 230.0 10.0 3.6 6.4 loss at bottom 

3/15/04 34 2:40pm 230.0 240.0 10.0 3.9 6.1 loss at bottom 

3/15/04 35 3:25pm 240.0 250.0 10.0 8.2 1.8 loss at bottom 

57
 
3/15/04 36 4:25pm 250.0 260.0 10.0 6.3 3.7 loss at bottom 

3/15/04 37 4:55pm 260.0 270.0 10.0 2.2 7.8 loss at bottom 

3/16/04 38 9:15am 270.0 276.0 6.0 2.6 3.4 loss at bottom 

3/16/04 39 9:45am 276.0 283.0 7.0 6.4 0.6 loss at bottom 

3/16/04 40 10:45am 283.0 290.0 7.0 2.9 4.1 loss at bottom 

3/16/04 41 12:00pm 290.0 300.0 10.0 5.9 4.1 loss at bottom 

3/17/04 42 9:15am 300.0 310.0 10.0 9.8 0.2 loss at bottom 

3/17/04 43 10:05am 310.0 315.0 5.0 5.1 0.1 extra - core expansion 

3/17/04 44 10:50am 315.0 320.0 5.0 4.8 0.2 loss at bottom 

3/17/04 45 11:40am 320.0 330.0 10.0 10.3 0.3 extra - core expansion 

3/17/04 46 1:00pm 330.0 340.0 10.0 7.8 2.2 loss at bottom-core slid out, retrieved it 

3/17/04 47 2:40pm 340.0 350.0 10.0 9.5 0.5 loss at bottom 

3/17/04 48 4:00pm 350.0 360.0 10.0 3.3 6.7 loss at bottom 

3/17/04 49 5:10pm 360.0 363.0 3.0 2.1 0.9 loss at bottom 

3/18/04 50 10:40am 363.0 370.0 7.0 8.0 picked up yesterdays loss 

3/18/04 51 12:10pm 370.0 380.0 10.0 7.7 2.3 loss - recovered in run 52 

3/18/04 52 1:45pm 380.0 390.0 10.0 4.4 5.6 loss at bottom 

3/18/04 53 2:55pm 390.0 400.0 10.0 10.0 

3/18/04 54 3:45pm 400.0 410.0 10.0 7.7 2.3 loss at bottom 

3/18/04 55 5:00pm 410.0 420.0 10.0 2.2 7.8 loss at bottom 

3/19/04 56 9:00am 420.0 430.0 10.0 6.0 4.0 loss at bottom 

3/19/04 57 9:45am 430.0 440.0 10.0 5.2 4.8 loss at bottom 

3/19/04 58 10:55am 440.0 450.0 10.0 8.7 1.3 loss at bottom 

3/19/04 59 12:30pm 450.0 460.0 10.0 8.6 1.4 loss at bottom 

3/19/04 60 2:20pm 460.0 470.0 10.0 9.1 0.9 loss at bottom 

3/19/04 61 3:20pm 470.0 480.0 10.0 2.8 7.2 loss at bottom 

3/19/04 62 5:15pm 480.0 490.0 10.0 4.6 5.4 loss at bottom 

3/20/04 63 9:15am 490.0 500.0 10.0 9.3 0.7 loss at bottom 

3/20/04 64 11:15am 500.0 510.0 10.0 10.4 0.4 ft. extra - crumbled core, excess space 

3/20/04 65 12:45pm 510.0 520.0 10.0 8.5 1.5 loss at bottom 

3/20/04 66 2:30pm 520.0 530.0 10.0 6.2 3.8 loss at bottom 

3/20/04 67 5:30pm 530.0 540.0 10.0 4.2 5.8 loss at bottom 

3/21/04 68 8:40am 540.0 550.0 10.0 3.9 6.1 loss at bottom 

3/21/04 69 9:40am 550.0 560.0 10.0 3.1 6.9 loss at bottom 

3/21/04 70 10.25am 560.0 570.0 10.0 2.4 7.6 loss at bottom 

3/21/04 71 12:00pm 570.0 580.0 10.0 9.8 0.2 loss at bottom 

3/21/04 72 1:35pm 580.0 583.0 3.0 2.5 0.5 loss at bottom 

3/21/04 73 2:55pm 583.0 590.0 7.0 7.2 0.2 extra - core expansion 

3/21/04 74 4:30pm 590.0 600.0 10.0 9.2 0.8 loss at bottom 

3/22/04 75 9:30am 600.0 610.0 10.0 9.0 1.0 loss at bottom 

3/22/04 76 10:50am 610.0 620.0 10.0 9.5 0.5 loss at bottom 

3/22/04 77 1:10pm 620.0 630.0 10.0 9.0 1.0 loss at bottom 

3/22/04 78 3:45pm 630.0 640.0 10.0 1.4 8.6 loss at bottom 

3/22/04 79 5:00pm 640.0 646.5 6.5 6.6 0.1 extra - core expansion 

3/23/04 80 12:20pm 646.5 650.0 3.5 3.3 0.2 loss at bottom 

58
 
3/23/04 81 2:00pm 650.0 654.3 4.3 4.3 

3/23/04 82 4:15pm 654.3 660.0 5.7 6.3 0.6 extra ? 

3/24/04 83 660.0 670.0 10.0 10.2 0.2 extra 

4/4/04 84 670.0 678.5 8.5 8.3 0.2 loss at bottom 

4/404 85 678.5 679.7 1.2 0.9 0.3 loss at bottom 

4/4/04 86 679.7 690.0 10.3 10.5 0.2 extra 

4/4/04 87 690.0 700.0 10.0 10.1 0.1 extra 

4/4/04 88 700.0 710.0 10.0 9.6 0.4 loss at bottom 

4/4/04 89 11:30am 710.0 712.0 2.0 2.0 

4/4/04 90 12:45pm 712.0 720.0 8.0 8.1 0.1 extra - core expansion 

4/4/04 91 1:50pm 720.0 730.0 10.0 9.3 0.7 loss at bottom 

4/4/04 92 3:05pm 730.0 740.0 10.0 9.5 0.5 loss at bottom 

4/4/04 93 4:10pm 740.0 750.0 10.0 8.9 1.1 loss at bottom 

4/5/04 94 9:15am 750.0 759.0 9.0 2.4 6.6 loss at bottom 

4/5/04 95 10:15am 759.0 765.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 loss at bottom 

4/5/04 96 11:15am 765.0 770.0 5.0 5.0 

4/5/04 97 1:00pm 770.0 780.0 10.0 1.0 9.0 loss at bottom 

4/5/04 98 1:45pm 780.0 784.0 4.0 1.1 2.9 loss at bottom 

4/5/04 99 2:40pm 784.0 790.0 6.0 5.2 0.8 loss at bottom 

4/5/04 100 3:40pm 790.0 800.0 10.0 1.7 8.3 loss at bottom 

4/6/04 101 4:45pm 800.0 810.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 lost -pulled rods, only one run 

4/7/04 102 12:30pm 810.0 820.0 10.0 8.2 1.8 loss at bottom 

4/7/04 103 1:35pm 820.0 830.0 10.0 2.3 7.7 loss at bottom 

4/7/04 104 3:25pm 830.0 840.0 10.0 3.2 6.8 loss at bottom 

4/8/04 105 11:30am 840.0 850.0 10.0 8.5 1.5 loss at bottom 

4/8/04 106 2:00pm 850.0 860.0 10.0 10.3 0.3 extra - core expansion 

4/8/04 107 3:40pm 860.0 870.0 10.0 10.2 0.2 extra - core expansion 

4/8/04 108 4:50pm 870.0 875.0 5.0 3.4 1.6 loss at bottom 

4/9/04 109 9:50am 875.0 880.0 5.0 4.2 0.8 loss at bottom 

4/9/04 110 11:25am 880.0 890.0 10.0 3.5 6.5 loss at bottom 

4/9/04 111 12:50pm 890.0 900.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 loss at bottom 

4/9/04 112 2:30pm 900.0 910.0 10.0 7.4 2.6 loss at bottom 

4/9/04 113 3:35pm 910.0 919.5 9.5 5.3 4.2 loss at bottom 

4/9/04 114 5:10pm 919.5 921.5 2.0 0.0 

4/10/04 115 10:15am 921.5 930.0 8.5 0.0 

4/10/04 116 12:30pm 930.0 935.0 5.0 2.6 2.4 loss at bottom 

4/10/04 117 1:45pm 935.0 944.0 9.0 6.2 2.8 loss at bottom 

4/10/04 118 3:30pm 944.0 950.0 6.0 6.3 0.3 extra - core expansion 

4/10/04 119 5:15pm 950.0 955.5 5.5 5.4 0.1 loss at bottom 

4/11/04 120 8:40am 955.5 960.0 4.5 3.4 1.1 loss at bottom 

4/11/04 121 11:10am 960.0 968.0 8.0 7.9 0.1 loss at bottom 

4/11/04 122 1:05pm 968.0 970.5 2.5 0.0 

4/11/04 123 3:15pm 970.5 973.0 2.5 3.4 0.9 extra from previous run 

4/12/04 124 3:01pm 973.0 980.0 7.0 5.3 1st run on new bit 

4/12/04 125 6:10pm 980.0 985.0 5.0 3.6 1.4 loss at bottom 

59
 
4/13/04 126 10:20am 985.0 995.0 10.0 9.7 0.3 loss at bottom 

4/13/04 127 12:10pm 995.0 1000.0 5.0 3.4 1.6 loss at bottom 

4/13/04 128 2:30pm 1000.0 1010.0 10.0 0.0 core barrel plugged by clay 

4/13/04 129 4:20pm 1010.0 1015.0 5.0 0.0 gravel - fell out 

4/13/04 130 5:45pm 1015.0 1020.0 5.0 0.3? plug may be from higher up 

4/13/04 131 7:10pm 1020.0 1021.0 1.0 1.0 full recovery 

4/14/04 132 9:55am 1021.0 1030.0 9.0 0.0 no recovery 

4/14/04 133 2:10pm 1030.0 1032.0 2.0 0.0 inner barrel didn't lock 

4/15/04 134 9:10am 1032.0 1035.0 3.0 0.7 probably from last run * 

4/15/04 135 10:45am 1035.0 1040.0 5.0 0.0 still picking up pebbles 

4/15/04 136 1:30pm 1040.0 1045.0 5.0 0.0 80mm pebble was blocking bit 

4/16/04 137 8:55am 1045.0 1046.0 1.0 0.0 post stayed behind 

4/16/04 138 11:15am 1046.0 1052.0 6.0 7.3 recovered last on this run 

4/16/04 139 1:55pm 1052.0 1060.0 8.0 4.7 

4/16/04 140 3:50pm 1060.0 1063.0 3.0 1.4 

4/17/04 141 9:50am 1063.0 1070.0 7.0 4.1 2.3 recovered on next run 

4/17/04 142 12:20pm 1070.0 1078.0 8.0 7.4 5.1 from this run & 2.3 extra on last 

4/17/04 143 3:30pm 1078.0 1085.0 7.0 4.7 fracture at top matches fracture in run 142 

4/17/04 144 5:35pm 1085.0 1090.0 5.0 10.0 recovered 5 ft. from run 143 (confirmed) 

4/18/04 145 10:25am 1090.0 1094.5 4.5 3.2 loss 1.2 ft., end probably never detached 

* 0.1 ft. quartz cobble on end of inner core barrel-probable cause of core loss on last two runs. 

60
 
APPENDIX 3. Hope Plantation sampling log, showing sample type, depth, individual who sampled the 

core, and medium for which it was sampled (i.e. microfossil, hydrogeology). 

Hope Plantation - Sampling Log 

Date Sample Type Top Depth Bottom Taken By Taken For Purpose (nannos, 

Depth dinos, etc.) 

3/13/04 Half core 47.7 48.0 Durand Edwards Dinoflagellates 

3/13/04 Half core 96.7 97.0 Durand Edwards Dinoflagellates 

3/13/04 Half core 117.0 117.3 Durand Edwards Dinoflagellates 

3/13/04 Spatula 96.5 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/13/04 Spatula 102.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/13/04 Spatula 107.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/13/04 Spatula 116.8 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/14/04 Half core 133.0 133.3 Durand Edwards Dinoflagellates 

3/14/04 Spatula 122.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/14/04 Spatula 127.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/14/04 Spatula 132.5 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/14/04 Spatula 137.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/14/04 Spatula 142.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/14/04 Whole core 164.0 164.2 Wrege Wrege Water 

3/14/04 Half core 165.6 166.0 Durand Edwards Dinoflagellates 

3/14/04 Half core 185.6 185.8 Durand Edwards Dinoflagellates 

3/14/04 Spatula 159.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/14/04 Spatula 154.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/14/04 Spatula 147.1 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/14/04 Half core 190.7 190.9 Durand Edwards Dinoflagellates 

3/15/04 Aspirate .05ml 260.3 260.3 Wrege Bratton Salinity 

3/15/04 Half core 261.2 261.4 Wrege Wrege % Fines 

3/16/04 Half core 280.5 280.8 Durand Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/17/04 Spatula 280.8 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/17/04 Spatula 284.4 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/17/04 Spatula 291.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/17/04 Half core 306.0 306.3 Durand Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/18/04 Spatula 309.1 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/19/04 Spatula 383.3 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/20/04 Half core 500.6 500.9 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/20/04 Spatula 518.1 . Seefelt Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/20/04 Half core 157.0 157.3 Self-Trail Edwards Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/20/04 Half core 148.0 148.3 Self-Trail Edwards Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/20/04 Half core 110.5 110.7 Self-Trail Edwards Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/21/04 Half core 531.0 531.2 Self-Trail Edwards Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/21/04 Half core 571.9 572.1 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/22/04 Half core 613.3 613.5 Self-Trail Christopher Pollen 

61
 
3/22/04 Half core 620.3 620.5 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/22/04 Half core 625.0 625.2 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/22/04 Spatula 620.9 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/22/04 Half core 640.8 641.0 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/23/04 Spatula 646.4 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/23/04 Spatula 646.5 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/23/04 Half core 657.9 658.1 Seefelt Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

3/23/04 Spatula 646.6 . Seefelt Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/23/04 Spatula 648.6 . Seefelt Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/23/04 Spatula 653.4 . Seefelt Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/23/04 Spatula 656.4 . Seefelt Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/23/04 Spatula 651.3 . Seefelt Self-Trail Nannofossils 

3/23/04 Spot core 659.8 659.9 Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils etc? 

4/4/04 Spatula 677.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

4/4/04 Spatula 686.3 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

4/4/04 Spatula 696.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

4/4/04 Spatula 702.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

4/5/04 Spatula 714.7 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

4/5/04 Half core 662.2 662.5 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/5/04 Half core 687.4 687.7 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/5/04 Half core 714.6 714.9 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/5/04 Half core 736.5 736.8 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/5/04 Half core 746.7 747.0 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/5/04 Spatula 717.5 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

4/6/04 Half core 122.7 123.0 Prowell Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/6/04 Half core 127.0 127.2 Prowell Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/6/04 Half core 180.2 180.4 Prowell Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/6/04 Half core 223.5 223.6 Prowell Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/6/04 Half core 277.2 277.4 Prowell Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/6/04 Half core 330.4 330.6 Prowell Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/6/04 Half core 341.3 341.5 Prowell Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/6/04 Half core 351.3 351.4 Prowell Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/7/04 Half core 810.3 810.5 Prowell Christopher Pollen 

4/8/04 Spatula 665.9 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 668.6 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 674.9 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 679.2 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 682.5 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 685.9 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 688.6 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 692.0 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 698.0 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 708.4 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 712.0 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 718.7 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/8/04 Spatula 721.7 . Harris Harris Strontium 

4/11/04 Half core 882.0 882.2 Self-Trail Christopher Pollen 

62
 
4/11/04 Half core 882.2 882.4 Prowell Christopher Pollen 

4/11/04 Half core 966.2 966.4 Self-Trail Christopher Pollen 

4/11/04 Spatula 733.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

4/11/04 Spatula 737.9 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

4/11/04 Spatula 746.0 . Self-Trail Self-Trail Nannofossils 

4/12/04 Half core 732.0 732.2 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

4/12/04 Half core 745.6 745.8 Self-Trail Edwards/Christopher Dinoflagellates/Pollen 

63
 



































































































Age

FormationNannofossil Zones (Perch-Nielsen, 1985)Depth (ft) 

Tertiary Species Cretaceous Species 

Biantholithus astralisBiantholithus sparsusBirkelundia arenosaBiscutum harrisoniiBiscutum AbundancePreservation

small sp.

Chiasmolithus consuetusChiasmolithus danicusChiasmolithus edwardsiiChiasmolithus inconspicuousChiasmolithus ultimusClausicoccus subdistichusCoccolithus pelagicusCruciplacolithus asymmetricusCruciplacolithus edwardsiiCruciplacolithus intermediusCruciplacolithus latiponsCruciplacolithus primusCruciplacolithus tenuisCyclagelosphaera altaCyclagelosphaera reinhardtiiEricsonia cavaEricsonia robustaEricsonia subpertusaHornibrookina edwardsiiHornibrookina teuriensisLanternithus duocavusMarkalius apertusMarkalius inversusNeochiastozygus modestusNeochiastozygus primitivusNeochiastozygus aff. N. protenusNeocrepidolithus coheniiNeocrepidolithus cruciatusNeocrepidolithus fossusNeocrepidolithus neocrassusNeocrepidolithus sp.Nodosella? elegansOctolithus multiplusPrinsius dimorphosusPrinsius tenuiculusSphaerodinella? albatrosianaSphaerodinella? tuberosaThoracosphaera heimiiAcaenolithus cenomanicusAcuturris scotusAhmuellerella octoradiataAhmuellerella regularisAmphizygus brooksiiAmphizygus minimusAmphizygus H sp.Angulofenestrallithus snyderiArkhangelskiella cymbiformisArkhangelskiella specillataArkhangelskiella sp.Aspidolithus parcus constrictusAspidolithus parcus expansusAspidolithus parcus parcusAxopodorhabdus albianusBiscutum constansBiscutum ellipticumBiscutum magnumBiscutum melaniaeBiscutum notaculumBiscutum salebrosumBiscutum thurowiiBiscutum sp.Braarudosphaera bigelowiiBroinsonia dentataBroinsonia cenomanicaBroinsonia enormisBroinsonia furtivaBroinsonia matalosaBroinsonia signataBroinsonia sp.Bukrylithus ambiguusCalculites obscurusCalculites percenisCalculites small sp.Ceratolithoides verbeekiiChiastozygus amphiponsChiastozygus fessusChiastozygus synquadriperforatusChiastozygus trabalisCoccolithus pelagicusCorollithion exiguumCorollithion signumCretarhabdus conicusCretarhabdus lorieiCretarhabdus multicavusCretarhabdus spp.Cribrocorona gallicaCribrosphaeralla circulaCribrosphaerella ehrenbergiiCribrosphaerella sp. OCyclagelosphaera margerelliiCyclagelosphaera reinhardtiiCylindralithus crassusDiscorhabdus ignotusDodekipodorhabdus noeliaeEiffellithus eximiusEiffellithus gorkaeEiffellithus parvusEiffellithus turriseiffeliiEiffellithus sp.Eprolithus floralisEprolithus sp.Gartnerago diversumGartnerago obliquumGartnerago sp.Glaukolithus bicrescenticusGlaukolithus diplogrammisGlaukolithus minimusGoniolithus fluckigeriGrantarhabdus sp.Helicolithus compactusHelicolithus trabeculatusHelicolithus cf. H. trabeculatusHeteromarginatus wallaceiHexalithus gardetaeKamptnerius magnificusLithastrinus grilliiLithraphidites acutusLithraphidites carniolensisLordia sp.Lucianorhabdus cayeuxiiLucianorhabdus maleformisManivitella pemmatoideaMarthasterites furcatusMetadoga? sp.Microrhabdulus attenuatusMicrorhabdulus belgicusMicrorhabdulus decoratusMicrorhabdulus undosusMicula concavaMicula cubiformisMicula decussataMunarius cf. M. lesliaeMunarius marszalekiiNannoconus truitti rectangularisNannoconus truitti truittiNannoconus sp.Neochiastozygus digitosusOrastrum perspicuumOrastrum cf. O. perspicuumOrastrum porosuturalisPercivalia pontilithaPercivalia porosaPlacozygus fibuliformisPlacozygus ponticulusPlacozygus sigmoidesPlacozygus spiralisPlacozygus cf. P. sprialis

Prediscosphaera arkhangelskyiPrediscosphaera cantabrigensisPrediscosphaera columnataPrediscosphaera cretaceaPrediscosphaera grandisPrediscosphaera intercisaPrediscosphaera ponticulaPrediscosphaera spinosaPrediscosphaera stoveriPrediscosphaera cf. P. stoveri 

Prediscosphaera sp.Quadrum eneabrachiumRadiolithus planusReinhardtites anthophorousReinhardtites biperforatusReinhardtites elegansReinhardtites levisRepagulum parvidentatumRetecapsa angustiforataRetemediaformis sp.Reticulofenestra dictyodaRhagodiscus achylostaurionRhagodiscus angustusRhagodiscus asperRhagodiscus indistinctusRhagodiscus plebeiusRhagodiscus reniformisRhagodiscus splendensRhombolithion rhombicumRotelapillus crenulatus s.s. Rotelapillus laffitteiRotellapillus octoradiatusRotelapillus sp.Scapholithus fossilisSenilatus zipperumSollasites horticusSollasites loweiSollasites thiersteiniiStaurolithites ellipticusStaurolithites imbricatusStaurolithites laffitteiStaurolithites minutusStaurolithites sp. 2 of Bown Staurolithites sp.Stoverius achylosusStoverius asymmetricusStradneria crenulata

Stradneria sp.Tetrapodorhabdus decorus

Tranolithus gabalusTranolithus manifestusTranolithus phacelosusVagalapilla sp. NVekshinella aachenaVekshinella stradneriWatznaueria barnesiaeWatznaueria biportaWatznaueria bybelliaeWatznaueria fossacinctaWatznaueria supracretaceaZeugrhabdotus elegansZeugrhabdotus embergeriZeugrhabdotus erectusZeugrhabdotus fibulisZeugrhabdotus nanusZeugrhabdotus obliqueclaususZeugrhabdotus scutulaZeugrhabdotus sp. T Zeugrhabdotus large spp. Zeugrhabdotus spp.Species indet. holococcolith 

Early

Tertiary 

Danian

Jericho Run

NP3 

96.5 

101.0 

102.0 

104.0 

107.0 

109.0 

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A 

A 

A 

A 

A 

A 

A 

AVG

VG

VG

VG

VG

VG

G

G

l. Camp. Donoho 

Creek? CC23a 116.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C F . . . F F . . . . R . A . F R F F R . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . F C C . F F R . . . F R C F . F ? C . . C . F . . . . F . C F F R . R F . . . R . . C . . . R . . C C C C . R C . . . . . . . . . . . . . F F . C . . C . . R F C . . . . rw . . F C F R . . F . R R . F F . . C . F . . . . R F . . . . . . C . R . . F . F C C . F . . . . F . R . . . . C . 

122.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F F F . . . . . . . R . . . C . . . C . . R . . . . . . . . . R . C . . F C . . F F . . . . . . R . . R . F R R C . F . . . R C R C F . . . . . . . . C . . C . R ? R . . R F F . R F C . . . . . . . . R F R . . F R . . . . C . . F C F . . . . C . . . . . . . . R . . . . R . . . R . R . . R . F C . . . . . R C . R R F . . F . C . . F . . . . . . . . . . F R 

early-middle Campanian

CC19 127.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F C F . R . . . F . . R . . C . . . . . . R . R . . R . . . . . . . R . F C C . F C . . . . . R . . . . . F . R R . R . . . . C . F F . . . . F F R R F F . C . . . . . . R F R F . R F . ? . . . . . . . C . R . F F . . . . F . . . C F . . . . F . . . C . . . . R . . R . R . . . . . C F F F . R C . . . . . . C . . R F . . . . F . . R . . . F R . . . . F R . A- Mm.

132.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C C F R F . . . . . . R R . C . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . R . . . R . F C F . R C F . F ? . . F . F . ? F R C . . F . . . . F . C C F . R . . F R . F F . C . . . . . . . C F . . R C . . . . . . . . . F F . . F F F . . . C C . . C F . . . . C R . . C . . . . F . . F F R . F . . . F . R . . F C . . . . . R C . . . . F R F . C . . F . . R F R . . . . . . . A M 

el F

CC18c 137.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C F . R . . . . R . . F . C . . . F . . . . . . F . . . ? . . . . R R F C F . . F . . F . . . F . F . . F . F R . F R . . . F . F F F . . . R R . . F F . C . . . . R . F F C . . C C . . . . . . . . . R R . . R F . . . . C F . . C R . . . . C . . . C . . . . F rw . R . R . . R . . . . . R . . C . . . . . . C . R R . R . F . F R . F . . . F . . . . R F . . A 

B 

MHe

142.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Tar

147.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

Barren

154.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

159.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

e

280.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

n

/Cap

f.

284.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

s 

nia

Undi

reek

Contaminated 291.0 

309.1 

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B 

ou

nto

ar

B

Cretace

Sa

Fe

asant C

Barren

383.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

Ple

518.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

Late

620.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

646.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . F . . . F . . R . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . C . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . R . ? . . . . R . ? . R . . R . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . F . . R . F+ M

646.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . F . F . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . F . . R . F M 

648.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . R . . . . R P 

CC10b? 

651.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

653.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . ? . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . R P 

Cenomanian 

Clubhouse Fm.

656.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R P 

677.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . R F . R . . . . . F . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . R . R . . . . . . C R . R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . F . . R . . . . C . . . . . . . . R . F . . . . . . . F R . . . . . . R R . . . . . F . F- M686.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . R . . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . F . . . . . R . . . . R . . . . . . F R . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . F . . . . . . F . . . . . F . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . R . . . . F . . . . F . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . F . R . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . F P+

b 

696.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R . . . . ? . . . . R . F . . . . . . . R R F F . F F . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . R F . F . . . . . R . . . . F . . . . . . F C . . . . . . . . . . . . C . . . . . . F . . . . . . . . . R R . . F . . . . . . R . . F . . R . . . F . . R . F . R . . . . . R . . . . R . . . F . R . . . . . . R . F . . . . . . C R . R . . . . . F M 

CC10

702.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R F . . . . . . . . R R . . . . . . . . . R R F F . F F R . . . . . R . . . . . . . . F C . F F . . . . F . . . . F . . . . . F F F . . . . F . . . . . . . F C . F C . . R . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . C . . . . . . . . F F . . . . C . . . . R . . F . . R . F . R R F . C . . . . . . . . F . . R . . . C R . . . R . . . C M714.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . R . . . . . . . . C . . . . . . . . . . . . C R . . . . . . . F F . . . F R F . . . . R . . . . . . . . F C . F . . . . . C . . . . R . . . . . F C . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . . R . . . . . . . R . . . . . C . . F . F . . . . R . . . . . . . . R R . . . . . . . R . . . . F . . F . F . . . R . C . . F . . . . F C . . . . C . C . . . . R . . . C- M

717.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . C . F . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . . . . . . F . . . F C . . ? . . . . . . . . F . . . . C . F . . . . . C . . . . F . . . . . . C F . . . . . . . F . . . . . F . . F . . . . . . . . . . . . . F . . C . F . R . F C . . . . . . . . . . . . F . F . . . . . F . C . . C . C F . . F . C . . . . . . . R C . . . R C . F . . . F . . . . C+ M+

732.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

? ? Barren 737.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

746.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 

Table 1. Calcareous nannofossil occurrences in the BE-110 core, North Carolina. Species abundance: A, abundant or 1 per field of view (FOV) at 1,200x; C, common or 1 per 1-10

FOV's at 1,200x; F, frequent or 1 per 11-100 FOV's at 1,200x; R, rare or 1 per>100 FOV's at 1,200x. Slide abundance: A, abundant or >10 specimens per FOV at 1,200x; C, common or

1-10 specimens per FOV at 1,200x; F, frequent or 1 specimen per 1-10 FOV's at 1,200x; R, rare or 1 specimen per 11-100 FOV's at 1,200x; B, barren of calcareous nannofossils.

Preservation: VG, very good; G, good; M, moderate; P, poor. Other symbols: rw, reworked specimen; ct, contamination from higher in the core; ?, questionable occurrence.