ATTACHMENT A
EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004

Section 22a-174-18. Control of particulate matter and visible emissions.

(a) Definitions. For the purposes of this section, the fullowing definitions shall apply:

(1) °°Calendar quarter" means a consecutive three (3) month period (non-overlapping)

beginning on January 1, April 1, July 1 or October 1;

(2) "Flue-fed incinerator" means an incinerator with a single flue that serves as both the

charging chute and the flue to transport combustion products to the atmosphere;

(3) "Incinerator" means, notwithstanding section 22a-174-1 of the Regulations of

Connecticut State Agencies, any device, apparatus, equipment or structure used for destroying,

reducing or salvaging by fire any material or substance, including but not limited to, refuse,

rubbish, garbage, trade waste, debris or scrap, or facilities for cremating human or animal

remains;

(4) "One-minute block average" means, for measurements taken at a source using opacity

CEM equipment, the average of six (6) or more data points equally spaced over one minute; and,

for measurements taken using 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference Method 9, the average of four

or more data points equally spaced over a one minute period;

(5) "Shutdown" means the period of time beginning when the owner or operator of a

stationary source initiates the process of ceasing the operation of such source and ending when

operation thereof has completely ceased;

(6) "Six-minute block average" means, for measurements taken at a source using opacity

CEM equipment, the average of thirty-six (36) or more data points equally spaced over a six (6)

minute period; and, for measurements taken using 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference Method 9,

the average of twenty-four or more data points equally spaced over a six (6) minute period;

(7) "Stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine" means any spark ignited or

compression ignited engine that is also a stationary source as defined in section 22a-174-1 of the

Regulations of Comaecticut State Agencies; and

(8) °°Startup" means the time begimaing when the owner or operator of a stationary source

initiates the process of setting such source into operation.

(b) Visible emission standards.

(t) Stationary sources without opacity CEM equipment. Except as provided in subsection (j)

of this section, an owner or operator of any stationary source without opacity CEM equipment

for which opacity is measured using visual observation shall not exceed the following visible

emissions limits:
EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 2

(A) Twenty percent (20%) opacity during any six-minute block average as measured

by 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference Method 9; or

(B) Forty percent (40%) opacity as measured by 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference

Method 9, reduced to a one-minute block average.

(2) Stationary sources with opacity CEM equipment. Except as provided in subsection (j) of

this section, an owner or operator of a stationary source for which opacity is measured using

opacity CEM equipment shall not exceed the fol!owing visible emissions limits:

(A) Twenty percent (20%) opacity during any six-minute block average; or

(B) Forty percent (40%) opacity during any one-minute block average.

(3) Mobile sources. Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, no person shall

cause or allow:

(A) Any visible emissions from a gasoline powered mobile source for longer than five

(5) consecutive seconds;

(B) Visible emissions from a diesel powered mobile source of a shade or density

equal to or darker than twenty percent (20%) opacity for more than ten (10)

consecutive seconds, during which time the maximum shade or density shall be

no darker than forty percent (40%) opacity; or

(c) A mobile source to operate for more than three (3) consecutive minutes when

such mobile source is not in motion, except as follows:

(i) When a mobile source is forced to remain motionless because of traffic

conditions or mechanical difficulties over which the operator has no

control,

(ii) When it is necessary to operate defrosting, heating or cooling equipment

to ensure the safety or health of the driver or passengers,

(iii) When it is necessary to operate auxiliary equipment that is located in or on

the mobile source to accomplish the intended use of the mobile source,

(iv) To bring the mobile source to the manufacturer’s recommended operating

temperature,

(v) When the outdoor temperature is below twenty degrees Fahrenheit (20

degrees F),

(vi) When the mobile source is undergoing maintenance that requires such

mobile source be operated for more than three (3) consecutive minutes, or
EFFECTIVE APRIL 1,2004 3

(vii) When a mobile source is in queue to be inspected by U.S. military

personnel prior to gaining access to a U.S. military installation.

(c) Control of airborne particulate matter and fugitive particulate matter.

(1) No person shall cause or allow any materials to be handled, transported, or stored; or a

building, its appurtenances, or a road to be used, constructed, altered, repaired or demolished

without taking reasonable precautions to prevent particulate matter from becoming airborne.

Such reasonable precautions shall be in accordance with good industrial practice as determined

by the commissioner and shall include, but not be limited to:

(A) The use of water or other appropriate material to prevent airborne particulate

matter generated by the demolition of buildings or other structures; construction

operations; the clearing or grading of land; or the grading, construction or

improvement of roads;

(B) The application of asphalt, water, suitable materials or covers to material

stockpiles and other surfaces that can give rise to airborne particulate matter;

(c) The use of hoods, fans, fabric filters or other devices to enclose and vent the

handling of materials that can give rise to airborne particulate matter;

The covering, while in motion, of open-bodied trucks, open-bodied trailers and

railroad cars transporting materials capable of giving rise to airborne particulate

matter;

(E) The prompt removal of earth or other material deposited onto paved streets by

trucking, earth moving equipment, erosion or other means; and

(F) The use of containment methods for sandblasting or similar operations.

(2) No person shall cause or allow the emission of visible particulate matter beyond

the legal boundary of the property on which such emission occurs that either:

(A) Remains near ground level beyond such property boundary; or

(B) Dimiulshes the health, safety or enjoyment of people using a building or structure

located beyond the property boundary.

(3) No person shall emit particulate matter into the ambient air in such a manner as to cause a

nuisance.
EFFECTIVE APRIL 1,2004 4

(d) Emission standards for incinerators and prohibitions on flue-fed incinerators.

(1) No owner or operator shatl cause or allow the construction, installation or operation of a

flue-fed incinerator.

(2) Particulate matter emission standards ~[br incinerators. No owner or operator shall cause

or allow the operation of any incinerator that will result in particulate matter emissions in excess

of the particulate matter emission standards set forth in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this

subdivision:

(A) For incinerators for which construction or modification commenced on or after

July 1, 1979, 0.08 grains per standard cubic foot corrected to twelve percent

(12%) carbon dioxide (CO2) over a two (2) hour average or 0.18 grams per cubic

meter corrected to twelve percent (12%) carbon dioxide (CO2) over a two (2) hour

period; and

(B) For incinerators for which construction or modification commenced prior to July

1, 1979, 0.4 pounds of particulate per thousand pounds of flue gases adjusted to

fifty percent (50%) excess air.

(3) Visible and fugitive emission standards for incinerators. No owner or operator of any

incinerator shall cause or allow unburned waste or ash particulate emissions that are individually

discernible by the human eye measured using 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference Method 9 and

40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference Method 22.

(e) Particulate matter emission standards for fuel-burning equipment.

(1) The owner or operator of fuel-burning equipment subject to section 22a-174-3a or former

section 22a-174-3 of the Regulations of Cormecticut State Agencies shall emit no more than 0.10

pounds of particulate matter per million BTU of heat input or the particulate matter standard of a

permit applicable to such equipment, whichever is more stringent.

(2) The owner or operator of fuel-burning equipment subject to former section 22a-174-2 of

the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies shall emit no more than the fbllowing particulate

matter levels:

(A)

(B)

(c)

0.14 pounds of particulate matter per million BTU of heat input if the fuel burned

is residual oil (No. 4 or No. 6 oil);

0.12 pounds of particulate matter per million BTU of heat input if the fuel burned

is distillate oil (No. 2 oil);

0.10 pounds of particulate matter per million BTU of heat input if the fuel burned

is natural gas; or
EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 5

(D) 0.20 pounds of particulate matter per million BTU of heat input for any other fuel

burned.

(3) Notwithstanding subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection and except as provided in

subsection (j) of this section, the owner or operator of a stationary reciprocating internal

combustion engine with a maximum continuous brake horsepower output rating, as specified by

the manufacturer, greater than or equal to 175 brake horsepower (bhp), shall emit no more than:

(A) 0.10 pounds of particulate matter per million BTU of heat input or combust only

fuel with a sulfur content less than or equal to 0.05% by weight, if the stationary

reciprocating internal combustion engine was manufactured prior to or in model

year 1996; or

0.10 pounds of particulate matter per million BTU of heat input if the stationary

reciprocating internal combustion engine was manufactured after model year

1996.

(1) Process industries -- general.

(1)

apply:

For the purposes of this subsection, the provisions of subparagraphs (A) through (D) shall

(A) "Process weight" means the total weight, in pom3ds, of all materials introduced

into any specific process that may cause the emission of particulate matter,

including solid fuels used in such process for purposes other than combustion and

excluding combustion air, and liquid fuels, solid fuels and gaseous fuels burned;

(B) "Process weight rate" means the process weight for any specific process measured

over a one (1) hour time period;

(c) The process weight rate of a cyclical or batch operation is derived by dividing the

process weight by the number of hours in one complete operation of the process,

excluding any time during which the equipment is idle; and

(D) The process weight rate of a continuous operation is derived by dividing the

process weight for a time period of operation by the length of that period of time.

(2) Except as provided in subsection (g) of this section, no owner or operator of a process

industry source shall cause or allow the emission of particulate matter to the ambient air in any

one hour from such source in excess of the emission rate calculated as required by subdivisions

(3) and (4) of this subsection.

(3) To mathematically interpolate from Table 18-1 process weight rates up to and including

sixty thousand pounds per hour (60,000 lbs/hr), the following equation shall be used:
EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 6

Log E = Log 3.59+O.62x Log 2~

where: P = Process weight rate in pounds per hour

E = Maximum allowable emission rate in pounds per hour

Log = The natural logarithm of the indicated value

(4) To mathematically interpolate and extrapolate from Table 18-1 process weight rates in

excess of sixty thousand pounds per hour (60,000 lbs/hr), the following equation shall be used:

LogE= Log l7.31+O.16x(Log 2@o0)

where: P = Process weight rate in pounds per hour

E = Maximum allowable emission rate in pounds per hour

Log = The natural logarithm of the indicated value

(5) To determine compliance with the requirements of this subsection, an interpretation

resulting in the lowest allowable emission rate shall apply if the nature of any process or

operation, or the design of any process unit, allows multiple interpretations.

(6) To determine the maximum allowable emission rate in accordance with this subsection

for emissions that pass throug~a a stack or stacks at a premises containing several similar process

units, the total process weight shall include all such similar process units.

(7) To determine the maximum allowable emission in accordance with this subsection for a

premises utilizing a series of operations that employ combinations of machines or other devices

to process material, either continuously or in batches, the total process weight for such premises

shall be the we@at of all materials that may cause particulate matter emissions and are

introduced into the series of operations, excluding all material that is the desired end product of

any such series of operations.

Table 18-1. Interpolation/extrapolation table for determining particulate matter emission

rates and process weight rates for process industries -- general°

Process weight rate Emission rate

(pounds per hour) (pounds per hour)

50 0.36

100 0.55

500 1.53

t,000 2.25

5,000 6.34

10,000 9.73
EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 7

20,000 14.99

60,000 29.60

80,000 31.19

120,000 33.28

160,000 34.85

200,000 36.11

400,000 40.35

1,000,000 46.72

(g) Process industries -- specific.

(1) Iron foundry cupola. For the purposes of this subdivision, "iron tbundry cupola" means a

furnace used in the iron foundry industry that uses coke, a derivative of coal, as fuel. No owner

or operator shall cause or allow the operation of any iron foundry cupola unless:

(A) Particulate matter control measures and/or control equipment remove at least

ninety percent (90%) by weight of all particulate matter in the cupola discharge

gases, or particulate matter emissions are less than or equal to 1.7 pounds of

particulate matter per ton of iron produced, whichever practice or combination of

practices results in the lowest particulate matter emissions; and

(B) Gases, vapors and gas-entrained effluents from such cupolas are incinerated at a

minimum temperature of one thousand three hundred (1300) degrees Fahrenheit

for a period of not less than three-tenths (0.3) of a second.

(2) Hot mix asphalt plant. No owner or operator shall cause or allow the operation of any hot

mix asphalt plant unless:

(A) Particulate matter emissions are less than 0.10 pounds of particulate matter per

ton of asphalt produced; and

(B) The operation conforms to the requirements set forth in subsection (c) of this

section.

(3) Fore, dry sand process. No owner or operator shall cause or allow the operation of a

foundry sand process unless:

(A) Particulate matter control measures and!or control equipment remove at least

ninety percent (90%) of all airborne particulate matter from such process, or

particulate matter emissions are less than 0.75 pounds of particulate matter per ton
EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 8

of material cast, whichever practice or combination of practices results in the

lowest particulate matter emissions; and

(B) The operation conforms to the requirements set forth in subsection (c) of this

section.

(4) Concrete batching process. No owner or operator shall cause or allow the operation of a

concrete batching process unless:

(a) Particulate matter control measures mad/or control equipment remove at least

ninety percent (90%) of all airborne particulate matter or 0.02 pounds of

particulate matter per cubic yard of concrete, whichever practice or combination

of practices results in the lowest particulate matter emissions; and

(B) The operation conforms to the requirements set forth in subsection (c) of this

section.

(h) Control technology determinations.

To implement a control technology determination made by the commissioner, the commissioner

may modify or revise a permit or issue an order to the owner or operator of a stationary source

for which construction or major modification commenced after June 1, 1972 that requires more

stringent emissions limitations than those set forth in subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section

if such control technology determination does not result in a violation of the applicable

provisions of 40 CFR 52, 60, 61, 62 or 63.

(i) Hazardous air pollutants.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to relieve an owner or operator from complying with

all emissions limitations for hazardous air pollutants, hazardous materials or other hazardous

substances.

(j) Excepted activities.

(1) The owner or operator of a stationary source shall not be subject to the visible emissions

standards of subdivision (b)(2) of this section for measurements of opacity using opacity CEM

equipment during a period of startup, shutdown er malfur.cfie, n; commissioner-approved stack

testing; or intentional sootblowing, fuel switching or sudden load changing done in accordance

with good engineering practices provided that:

(a) The owner or operator is required by permit, order or regulation to install, operate

and maintain opacity CEM equipment at such stationary source, and the owner or

operator is in compliance with such permit, order or regulation with regard to

such opacity CEM equipment. Ifa stationary source is not subject to a permit,

order or regulation requiring operation and maintenance of opacity CEM
EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 2004 9

(B)

(c)

equipmem, an owner or operator may certify on a form acceptable to the

commissioner that:

(i) The owner or operator of such stationary source has installed opacity

CEM equipment that meets the applicable criteria of 40 CFR 60,

Appendices B and F, and

(ii) The o~vner or operator operates and maintains such installed opacity CEM

equipment in compliance with the requirements of 40 CFR 60,

Appendices B and F;

The period of exception from the visible emissions standards of subdivision (b)(2)

of this section does not exceed one-half of one percent (0.5%) of the total

operating hours of such stationary source during any calendar quarter; and

The owner or operator of the stationary source does not cause or allow visible

emissions in excess of sixty percent (60%) opacity during any six-minute block

average of the period of exception from the visible emissions standards of

subsection (b)(2) of this section.

(2) The owner or operator of an emissions unit that is subject to a visible emissions standard

pursuant to a new som’ce performance standard set forth in 40 CFR 60 shall not be subject to the

visible emissions standards of subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section.

(3) Except for the use of open-bodied trucks and trailers subject to the requirements of

subsection (c)(1)(D) of this section, a person engaged in agricultural operations shall be exempt

from the requirements of subsection (c)(1) of this section provided such operations follow

generally accepted agricultural practices and are in compliance with section 19a-341 of the

Connecticut General Statutes.

(4) The owner or operator of any of the following sources shall be exempt from the

requirements of subsection (b)(3) of this section:

(A) An antique mobile source over thirty years old;

(B) A mobile source used exclusively for racing;

(C) A mobile source while it is undergoing a mechanical repair or testing that affects

the emission of visible air pollutants from such source;

(D) An aircraft;

(E) A locomotive operating on rails;

(F) A vessel operating on water; and

(G) Commonly used residential lawn, garden and snow removal equipment.
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(5) The operation of equipment to generate smoke or fog by any branch of the United States

military or any other ~deral or state agency shall be exempt from the requirements of

subsections (b) and (e) of this section provided such operation is limited to training exercises or

the preparation thereof.

(6) The owner or operator of any stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine that is

an emergency engine, as defined in subsection (a)(2) of section 22a-t 74-22 of the Regulations of

Connecticut State Agencies and has a maximum continuous brake horsepower output rating, as

specified by the manufacturer, greater than or equal to 175 bhp shall not be subject to the

particulate matter emissions standards of subsection (e) of this section.

(7) The owner or operator of a stationary reciprocating internal combustion engine with a

maximum continuous brake horsepower output rating, as specified by the manufacturer, of less

than 175 bhp shall not be subject to the requirements of subsection (e) of this section.

(8) The requirements of subsections (e), (f) and (g) of this section shall not apply to the

owner or operator of a source subject to more stringent BACT requirements, provided that the

source is operated in compliance with a BACT determination.

(9) A person conducting open burning pursuant to section 22a-174(f) of the Cormecticut

General Statutes or regulations adopted thereunder shall not be subject to the requirements of this

section.

(10) If the owner or operator of a source possesses documentation demonstrating that the

presence of uncombined water, such as water vapor, is the only reason for the failure of an

emission to comply with the requirements of this section, then the provisions of this section shall

not apply to that emission.

(11) The owner or operator of a municipal waste combustor as defined in section 22a-174-38

of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies shall be exempt from the requirements of this

section.