Complying with the Long Term 

2 Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule: Small Entity 

Compliance Guide

One of the Simple Tools for 

Effective Performance (STEP) Guide Series
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NOTICE

This guide was prepared pursuant to section 212 of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 

(“SBREFA”), Pub.L. 104-121. This document is intended solely as a guide to aid you in complying with the Long Term 

2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (71 FR 654). In any civil or administrative action against a small business, 

small government, or small non-profit organization for a violation of the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment 

Rule, the content of this guide may be considered as evidence of the reasonableness or appropriateness of proposed fines, 

penalties, and/or damages. EPA may decide to revise this guide without public notice to reflect changes to EPA’s approach 

to implementing the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule or to clarify or update text. To determine if 

EPA has revised this guide and/or to obtain copies, contact EPA’s Small Business Ombudsman Office at (800) 368-5888 or 

(202) 566-2822 (Washington DC metropolitan calling area)or the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov).

The statutory provisions and EPA regulations presented in the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule contain legally binding requirements. This document is not a regulation itself, nor does it change or substitute for those provisions and regulations. It does not impose legally binding requirements on EPA, States or public water systems. While EPA 

has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the discussion in this guidance, the obligations of the regulated community 

are determined by States, regulations or other legally binding requirements. In the event of a conflict between the discussion in this document and any statute or regulation, this would not be controlling.

The general descriptions provided here may not apply to particular situations based on circumstances. Interested parties 

are free to raise questions and objections about the substance of this guidance and the appropriateness of the application of 

this guidance to a particular situation. EPA and other decision-makers retain the discretion to adopt approaches on a caseby-case basis that differ from those described in this guidance where appropriate. 

Office of Water (4606M)

EPA 815-R-07-015

www.epa.gov/safewater

Revised April 2009
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Contents

STEP #1 - Is this Guide for Me?................................................................................................................................ 1

STEP #2 - What Will I Learn? ................................................................................................................................... 2

STEP #3 - What Is the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule?...................................................... 3

 General Requirements ................................................................................................................................... 3

 Compliance Timetable for Systems Serving Fewer than 10,000 People.................................................................. 5

 How Does this Rule Relate to Other Federal, State, and Local Requirements? ........................................................ 6

STEP #4 - What Source Water Monitoring Is Required? .......................................................................................... 7

 E. coli (or State-approved alternate indicator) Source Water Monitoring for Filtered Systems ................................... 7

 Is Source Water Monitoring Required for All Systems?....................................................................................... 7

 Systems with More than One Surface Water Supply Source ................................................................................. 8

 Problems Collecting Your Sample on the Required Date ..................................................................................... 8

 Systems Using Bank Filtration........................................................................................................................ 8

 When Is Sampling for Cryptosporidium In Source Water Required?...................................................................... 9

STEP #5 - How Is Source Water Cryptosporidium Monitoring Conducted? ............................................................ 10

 Cryptosporidium Monitoring for Unfiltered Systems and for Filtered Systems Exceeding E. coli

 (or State-approved indicator) Trigger Levels ..................................................................................................... 10

STEP #6 - What Do the Results of Cryptosporidium Monitoring Mean for My Plant?............................................ 11

 What Do the Bin Classifications Mean for My Plant? .........................................................................................12

 What Do the Results of Cryptosporidium Monitoring Mean for Unfiltered Systems? ................................................12
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STEP #7 - How Do I Meet the Additional Treatment Requirements for My Bin Classification? ..............................13

 Microbial Toolbox: Options, Credits and Criteria ................................................................................................14

 What Are the Compliance Monitoring Requirements for Treatment/Disinfection? ....................................................15

STEP #8 - What Are the Requirements for Uncovered Finished Water Storage Facilities?.......................................16

STEP #9 - What Must I Report and What Records Must I Keep in My Files? ..........................................................17

 Public Notification to Consumers .....................................................................................................................17

 Information Reported to the State .....................................................................................................................18

 Records You Must Keep in Your Files...............................................................................................................19

STEP #10 - Where Do I Go for Help? ..........................................................................................................................20

 Financial Assistance .......................................................................................................................................21

 Major Providers of Financial Assistance to Drinking Water Systems......................................................................21

 Other Potential Sources of Financing or Financial Assistance to Drinking Water Systems..........................................22

 Extensions for Systems that Need More Time to Comply ....................................................................................22

STEP #11 - How Do I Protect My Source Water from Contamination? ......................................................................23

Appendix A: Glossary of Selected Terms Used in this Guide ........................................................................................24

Appendix B: E. coli sampling and Annual Mean .........................................................................................................25

 Example for E. coli Sampling and Annual Mean for a Lake/Reservoir Source (See LT2ESWTR 

 Step Guide Step #4) ...................................................................................................................................... 25

 
Additional copies of this guide are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791. 

You can also download the guide from EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Web site at

www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsys/ssinfo.htm.

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Appendix C: System Source Sampling and Bin Placement........................................................................................... 26

 Example System Source Sampling and Bin Placement........................................................................................ 26

 First Valley Water District E. coli Sampling and Annual Mean (See LT2ESWTR Step 

 Guide Step #4) ............................................................................................................................................. 28

 First Valley Water District Cryptosporidium Sampling and Annual Mean (See LT2ESWTR Step 

 Guide Step #5) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Appendix D: Where to Obtain More Information ......................................................................................................... 30

Appendix E: SDWA Primacy Agencies and Tribal Contacts......................................................................................... 32

Appendix F: Other STEP Documents Available from EPA........................................................................................... 39
Acronyms

DBP Disinfection Byproducts

DWSRF Drinking Water State Revolving Fund

EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

FR Federal Register

GWUDI Ground water under the direct influence of surface water

LT1ESWTR Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule

LT2ESWTR Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule

mg/L Milligrams per liter

PWS Public water system

SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act

SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act

SWTR Surface Water Treatment Rule

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1

STEP #1 - Is this Guide for Me?

This guide is designed for owners and operators of public water systems serving 10,000 or fewer persons that are required to comply with the 

Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR). The LT2ESWTR applies to all public water systems (both community 

and non-community) that are supplied by a surface water source or by ground water sources under the direct influence of surface water (Subpart H systems), including wholesale and consecutive water systems. Consecutive systems include all systems that buy or otherwise receive 

some or all of their finished water from another public water system on a regular basis. 

Systems: All PWSs, including wholesale systems and consecutive systems 

Sources: Surface water and ground water under the direct influence of surface water

Population Served: All sizes

Treatment: All treatment including unfiltered systems 

 Systems that will typically find this guide useful include:

Contact your State for guidance if you are uncertain if your source is ground 

water under the direct influence of surface water.

Small towns

Rural water districts

Tribal systems

Manufactured housing parks

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Home owners associations

Small private systems

Factories, schools, and religious institutions that have 

their own water supplies

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STEP #2 - What Will I Learn?

As a public water system’s owner or operator, your most important job is protecting the health of your 

customers. This guide will help you in this job by providing information about:

How the LT2ESWTR affects your system.

What source water monitoring is required under the LT2ESWTR and 

how it is conducted.

What the results of source water monitoring mean for your plant.

A “toolbox” of treatment options to reduce Cryptosporidium in the 

water you deliver to customers.

Requirements for uncovered finished water reservoirs under the 

LT2ESTWR.

What to report to your State or EPA and customers.

Sources of funding for your LT2ESWTR compliance strategy.

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Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used both in the rule and in this guide. Appendix D lists additional resources on the LT2ESWTR that you might find helpful 

and detailed instructions on how to order them, including how to get a complete 

copy of the rule. Appendix E lists primacy agency contacts for States and Tribes. 

Appendix F identifies other STEP guides that EPA has developed to assist small 

systems.
STEP# 3 - What Is the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water 

Treatment Rule?

The purpose of the LT2ESWTR is to reduce illness linked with the contaminant Cryptosporidium and other microbial pathogens in drinking 

water. The LT2ESWTR will supplement existing regulations for surface water systems by targeting additional Cryptosporidium treatment 

requirements for systems with higher risk sources. It is important to note that the LT2ESWTR does not require additional Cryptosporidium

treatment for all PWSs. Additional treatment is required only for those with higher risk sources found during LT2ESWTR monitoring. The 

LT2ESWTR also contains provisions to reduce risks resulting from uncovered finished water reservoirs and to ensure that systems maintain 

microbial protection as they take steps to decrease the formation of disinfection byproducts that result from chemical water treatment.

General Requirements

Complying with the LT2ESWTR, Published on January 5, 2006 [FR Volume 71, No. 3; page 767], requires systems to do the following:

Collect source water samples and have those samples analyzed for E. coli or a State-approved alternate indicator.

Collect source water samples and have those samples analyzed for Cryptosporidium if your source water E. coli (or alternate indicator) 

results exceed trigger levels or if you are an unfiltered utility and meet the filtration avoidance criteria.

Provide additional treatment for Cryptosporidium if your source water Cryptosporidium results exceed certain levels or if you are an unfiltered utility and meet the filtration avoidance criteria. 

Use one of the options from the LT2ESWTR “Toolbox” to meet any additional Cryptosporidium treatment requirements. 

Meet new requirements to protect uncovered finished water storage reservoirs.

Develop a disinfection profile and a disinfection benchmark and notify the State prior to making a significant change in disinfection 

practice(s). 

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Keep records for some of the requirements listed above.

Report source water E. coli and Cryptosporidium results, the use of uncovered finished water reservoirs, information on the toolbox 

options used (if any), and disinfection and benchmarking results (if any) to the primacy agency for your system. 

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Compliance Timetable for Systems Serving Fewer than 10,000 People

1Systems that do not operate their plants year-round must sample only during the months that the plant operates. Systems that operate less than six months per year that monitor for Cryptosporidium, must collect at least six sample per year during each of two years of operation. Samples must be evenly spaced through the period the plant operates (§141.701).

LT2ESWTR Requirement Compliance Date

Filtered systems must complete 12 months (at least once every two weeks) of source water monitoring 

for E.Coli (or a State-approved alternate indicator).1 Begin in October, 2008 (§141.701(a)(3)).

Filtered systems exceeding E.Coli (or a State- approved alternate indicator) triggers must conduct 

source water monitoring for Cryptosporidium at least twice per month for 12 months or at least once per 

month for 24 months.

Begin in April, 2010 (§141.701(a)(4)).

Unfiltered systems must conduct source water monitoring for Cryptosporidium at least twice per month 

for 12 months or at least once per month for 24 months.

Begin in April, 2010 (§141.701(a)(6)).

Filtered systems in Bin 2 and higher and all unfiltered systems must meet the treatment technique requirements for Cryptosporidium.No later than October 1, 2014 (§141.713).

Systems must comply with the uncovered finished water storage facility requirements. No later than April 1, 2009 (§ 141.714(c))

Systems must notify the State of the use of uncovered finished water storage facilities by April 1, 2008 (§141.714(b)).

Systems that plan to make a significant change in their disinfection practice after completing source 

water monitoring must develop a disinfection profile and calculate a disinfection benchmark. Systems 

must notify the State prior to making the change and provide the profile and benchmark and additional 

information to the State.

Prior to any significant change occurring after completing 

LT2ESWTR source water monitoring (§141.708).

Systems not required to monitor for Cryptosporidium must begin a second round of source water monitoring for E.Coli (or a State-approved alternate indicator).

Begin in October, 2017 (§141.701).

Unfiltered systems and systems required to monitor for Cryptosporidium must begin a second round of 

source water monitoring for Cryptosporidium.

Begin in April, 2019 (§141.701).
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Wholesale systems must comply with the LT2ESTWR based on the population of the largest system

in the combined distribution system. If you deliver water to another PWS serving more than 10,000 

people, you must comply with the LT2ESWTR based on the requirements for systems serving more than 

10,000 people. This will require you to begin complying earlier than the deadlines in this guide and 

will require you to conduct Cryptosporidium monitoring.

How Does this Rule Relate to Other Federal, State, and Local Requirements?

 

The LT2ESWTR and the Stage 2 Disinfection By-products (DBP) Rule were published together to address the tradeoffs between protection 

from microbial contamination and the potential health effects from disinfectants and their byproducts. You are still required to continue to 

meet all existing Federal requirements. You may call the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (email: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov) for 

more information on other drinking water rules. 

This compliance guide explains your Federal compliance obligations for the LT2ESTWTR. There may be additional State or local drinking 

water regulations for Cryptosporidium which apply to your plant which are different from, or more stringent than, the Federal requirements. 

For more information on the regulations that apply to your system in your State, please contact your State drinking water office. State contacts can be found in Appendix E or by calling the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791(e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov).
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STEP #4 - What Source Water Monitoring Is Required?

E. coli (or State-approved alternate indicator) Source Water Monitoring for Filtered Systems

Submit a sampling schedule and a sample location description for source water monitoring to your State by July 1, 2008 (§141.702).

Collect source water samples for E. coli (or a State-approved alternate indicator) at least every two weeks for 12 months beginning no 

later than October 2008 (§141.701 (c)).

Collect source water samples from your plant intake prior to any chemical treatment and within two days of the dates in your sampling 

schedule (§141.702(b), §141.703).

Submit a sampling schedule for a second round of source water monitoring to your State by July 1, 2017 (§141.702).

Collect source water samples for E. coli (or a State-approved alternate indicator) at least every two weeks for 12 months beginning no 

later than October 2017 (§141.701 (c)). 

Submit the results of E. coli monitoring no later than 10 days after the end of the first month following the month of the sampling 

(§141.706 (a)). The results of a sample collected in April would be due June 10th. 

Is Source Water Monitoring Required for All Systems?

If you are required to provide filtration and your treatment system currently provides or will provide a total of at least 5.5-log treatment for 

Cryptosporidium, you are not required to conduct source water monitoring. You must notify your State by July 1, 2008 (§141.701 (d)). You 

may also stop monitoring for Cryptosporidium at any time if you notify the State in writing that you will provide this level of treatment. The 

treatment must be operational by October 1, 2014, unless the State approves an additional 2 years for capital improvements (§141.701 (d)). 

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Systems with More than One Surface Water Supply Source

If you have more than one surface water supply, you must do one of the following (§141.703(e)):

Collect sample from a tap where all sources are combined. 

Composite samples from all sources. In a composite sample the volume of sample from each source must be weighted according to the 

proportion of each source in the total plant flow at the time of the sample. You should contact your State and laboratory for assistance.

Collect and analyze a sample separately from each source and calculate a weighted average of all the results for the sampling date. You 

should contact your State and laboratory for assistance.

Problems Collecting Your Sample on the Required Date

If there are conditions that pose a danger to someone collecting samples or conditions that are unforseen and could not be avoided that prevent a sample from being collected, you must collect a sample as close to the schedule date as possible and submit an explanation for the new 

sampling date with the laboratory results from that sample (§141.702(b)(1)).

Systems Using Bank Filtration

If you are using bank filtration followed by a filtration plant, you are required to collect samples from the well (after bank filtration) 

(§141.703(d)(2)).

If you are receiving Cryptosporidium treatment credit under §141.552(a) of the LT1ESWTR for bank filtration, you are required to collect 

source water samples in the surface water before bank filtration (§141.703(d)(1)).

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When Is Sampling for Cryptosporidium In Source Water 

Required?

You are required to sample for Cryptosporidium if:

You notify the State that you will monitor for Cryptosporidium instead of E. coli.

You use a lake or reservoir as a source of supply and find an annual mean E. coli

concentration of greater than 10 E. coli/100 ml from your initial monitoring unless the 

State has allowed you to use an alternate indicator (§141.701(a)(4)).

You use a flowing stream as a source of supply and find an annual mean E. coli concentration of greater than 50 E. coli/100 ml from your initial monitoring unless the 

State has allowed you to use an alternate indicator (§141.701(a)(4)).

You exceed a State-approved alternate indicator trigger level (or a State-approved 

alternate E. coli trigger level) (§141.701(a)(5)).

You fail to complete the initial E. coli (or State-approved alternate indicator) monitoring (§141.701(a)(4)).

If you are an unfiltered system that meets the filtration avoidance criteria of §141.71, 

you are required to conduct Cryptosporidium monitoring. Go to Step #5. Unfiltered systems meeting the filtration avoidance criteria are not 

required to conduct E. coli (or State-approved alternate indicator) monitoring.

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If your average E. coli level (or State-approved indicator level) 

is below the trigger levels, STOP HERE and go to Step #8.
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STEP #5 - How Is Source Water Cryptosporidium Monitoring 

Conducted? 

Cryptosporidium Monitoring for Unfiltered Systems and for Filtered Systems Exceeding 

E. coli (or State-approved indicator) Trigger Levels 

If you are required to monitor for Cryptosporidium you must:

Submit a sampling schedule and sample location description for source water monitoring to your State by January 1, 2010 (§141.702 (a)).

Collect source water samples for Cryptosporidium at least twice each month for 

12 months or at least monthly for 24 months beginning no later than April 2010 

(§141.701 (c)).

Collect source water samples from your plant intake prior to any treatment and 

within 2 days of the dates in your sampling schedule (§141.702(b), §141.703).

Submit a sampling schedule for a second round of source water monitoring to your 

State by January 1, 2019 (§141.702 (a)). 

Collect source water samples for Cryptosporidium at least twice each month for 12 

months beginning no later than April 2019 (§141.701 (c)). 

 

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You should contact one of the approved Cryptosporidium laboratories to arrange for analysis of 

your samples and to set a sampling schedule. You may contact the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 

(800) 426-4791 for a list of approved laboratories. A list can also be found at www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2/lab_home.html#listapprovedlabs
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STEP #6 - What Do the Results of Cryptosporidium 

Monitoring Mean for My Plant? 

If you are required to monitor for Cryptosporidium, the results of monitoring are used to place your system in a bin and to determine the level 

of treatment required. The bin classifications are:

If your average source water Cryptosporidium concentration is:1 Then your bin classification is:

Less than 0.075 oocysts/L Bin 1

Equal to or more than 0.075 oocysts/L but less than 1.0 oocysts/L Bin 2

Equal to or more than 1.0 oocysts/L but less than 3.0 oocysts/L Bin 3

Equal to or more than 3.0 oocysts/L Bin 4

1Cryptosporidium bin concentration is determined by the number of samples taken and the frequency of sampling.
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What Do the Bin Classifications Mean for My Plant?

If your system’s bin 

classification is...

And you use one the following filtration treatments, then your additional treatment requirements under 

LT2ESWTR are...

Conventional filtration treatment 

(including softening) Direct filtration Slow sand or diatomaceous earth filtration

Alternative filtration 

technologies

Bin 1 No additional treatment No additional treatment No additional treatment No additional treatment

Bin 2 1-log treatment 1.5-log treatment 1-log treatment (1)

Bin 3 2-log treatment 2.5-log treatment 2-log treatment (2)

Bin 4 2.5-log treatment 3-log treatment 2.5-log treatment (3)

What Do the Results of Cryptosporidium Monitoring Mean for Unfiltered Systems?

An unfiltered system that meets all filtration avoidance criteria of §141.71 must calculate the arithmetic mean of all Cryptosporidium sample 

results. Based on those results:

Unfiltered systems with a mean Cryptosporidium concentration of 0.01 oocysts/L or less must provide at least 2-log Cryptosporidium

inactivation (§141.712(b)(1)).

Unfiltered systems with a mean Cryptosporidium concentration of greater than 0.01 oocysts/L must provide at least 3-log Cryptosporidium inactivation (§141.712(b)(2)).

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(1) As determined by the State such that the total Cryptosporidium removal and inactivation is at least 4.0-log.

(2) As determined by the State such that the total Cryptosporidium removal and inactivation is at least 5.0-log.

(3) As determined by the State such that the total Cryptosporidium removal and inactivation is at least 5.5-log.
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STEP #7 - How Do I Meet the Additional Treatment Requirements for My Bin Classification?

To meet any additional Cryptosporidium treatment requirements you must use the microbial toolbox options listed in the following table 

that are designed, implemented, and operated in accordance with the requirements of the LT2ESTWR (§141.715). The LT2ESWTR Toolbox 

Guidance Manual (see Appendix D of this guide for more information) includes a detailed description of the Toolbox options as well as operational information, advantages, and disadvantages for each option. 

Unfiltered systems must use chlorine dioxide, ozone, UV, or a combination of these (see Inactivation Toolbox Components in the following table) to meet the Cryptosporidium inactivation requirements. Unfiltered systems must meet the combined Cryptosporidium inactivation 

requirements of the LT2ESWTR section and Giardia lamblia and virus inactivation requirements of §141.72(a) (SWTR) using a minimum of 

two disinfectants, and each of the two disinfectants must separately achieve the total inactivation required for either Cryptosporidium, Giardia 

lamblia, or viruses (§141.712).
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Microbial Toolbox: Options, Credits and Criteria

Toolbox Option Cryptosporidium treatment credit with design and implementation criteria

Source Protection and Management Toolbox Components

(1) Watershed control program 0.5-log credit for State-approved program comprising EPA specified elements. Unfiltered systems are not eligible.

(2) Alternative source/intake management Bin classification based on simultaneous Cryptosporidium monitoring at alternate source or under alternate intake 

management strategies.

Pre Filtration Toolbox Components

(3) Presedimentation basin with coagulation 0.5-log credit during any month the basin achieves at least 0.5-log turbidity reduction or alternate State-approved 

performance criteria. Basin must be operated continuously with coagulant addition.

(4) Two-stage lime softening 0.5-log credit for two-stage softening with coagulant addition.

(5) Bank filtration 0.5-log credit for 25 foot setback; 1.0-log credit for 50 foot setback.

Treatment Performance Toolbox Components

(6) Combined filter performance 0.5-log credit for combined filter effluent turbidity ≤ 0.15 NTU in 95% of samples each month.

(7) Individual filter performance 0.5-log credit (in addition to 0.5-log combined filter performance credit) for individual filter effluent turbidity ≤ 0.15 

NTU in 95% of samples each month and no filter >0.3 NTU in two consecutive measurements.

(8) Demonstration of performance Credit awarded to a unit process or treatment train based on a demonstration to the State through State-approved 

protocol.

Additional Filtration Toolbox Components

(9) Bag or Cartridge filters (individual filters) Up to 2-log credit based on a demonstration of removal efficiency in challenge testing with a 1-log factor of safety.

(10) Bag or Cartridge filters (in series) Up to 2.5-log credit based on a demonstration of removal efficiency in challenge testing with a 0.5-log factor of 

safety.

(11) Membrane filtration Log removal credit up to the lower value of the removal efficiency demonstrated during the challenge test or verified 

by the direct integrity test applied to the system.

(12) Second stage filtration 0.5-log credit for a second separate filtration stage in treatment process following coagulation.

(13) Slow sand filters 2.5-log credit for second separate filtration process.

Inactivation Toolbox Components

(14) Chlorine dioxide Log credit based on monthly demonstration of compliance with CT table.

(15) Ozone Log credit based on monthly demonstration of compliance with CT table.

(16) UV Log credit based on validated UV dose in relation to UV dose table; reactor validation testing required to establish 

UV dose and associated operating conditions.
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What Are the Compliance Monitoring Requirements for Treatment/Disinfection?

If you are required to meet the requirements for treatment for Cryptosporidium, you must meet the compliance monitoring requirements for 

each toolbox option you use. The compliance monitoring requirements for the individual toolbox options can be found in §141.716 through 

§141.720 of the LT2ESWTR. The individual toolbox compliance monitoring requirements can also be found in the LT2ESWTR Toolbox 

Guidance Manual. You may call the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov) to request a copy of the 

regulation. You may also download a copy of the regulation or the guidance manual at www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2/index.html.
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STEP #8 - What Are the Requirements for Uncovered Finished 

Water Storage Facilities?

If you are using an uncovered finished water storage facility you must choose one of the following for the facility (§141.714):

Cover any uncovered finished water storage facility.

Treat the discharge from the uncovered finished water storage facility to the distribution system to achieve inactivation and/or removal of 

at least 4-log virus, 3-log Giardia lamblia, and 2-log Cryptosporidium using a protocol approved by the State.

You must also:

Notify the State of each uncovered finished water reservoir by April 1, 2008 (§141.714).

Cover or treat the discharge from the reservoir or be in compliance with a State-approved schedule by April 1, 2009 (§141.714).

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STEP #9 - What Must I Report and What Records Must I Keep in 

My Files?

The existing public notification rules (Subpart Q) require you to report certain information to the consumers served by your water system. 

The LT2ESWTR requires you to report certain information to the State (§141.721) and to keep additional records in your files (§141.722).

Public Notification to Consumers

Under the public notification rules (Subpart Q) you are required to provide public notification to consumers if you fail to complete the following requirements of the LT2ESWTR:

Monitor your source water for E. coli, a State-approved alternate indicator, and (if you are required to do so) Cryptosporidium.

Meet the treatment technique requirements of your bin classification.

Meet the design, performance, and reporting requirements for the toolbox options you use to meet the treatment technique requirements. 

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you are required to include the results of source water monitoring for Cryptosporidium

in your Consumer Confidence Report.
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Information Reported to the State

 

In addition to the reporting requirements for all drinking water regulations (see 40 CFR §141.31), you must provide the following information 

to the State:

You must submit your source water monitoring schedule and sample location description unless you do not plan to monitor and will instead meet the Cryptosporidium treatment requirements for your source (§141.702).

You must submit your source water monitoring results to the State no later than 10 days after the end of the first month following the 

month when the sample was collected (§141.706 (a)). For example, samples collected in October 2008 must be reported by December 10, 

2008. 

You must notify the State if you are using an uncovered finished water storage reservoir by April 1, 2008 (§141.714 (b)).

If you are required to filter your source, you must report your bin classification to the State for approval no later than 6 months after you 

are required to complete initial source water monitoring (§141.710). If you monitored for E. coli and were not required to monitor for 

Cryptosporidium, your bin classification is Bin #1. 

If you are an unfiltered utility and meet the filtration avoidance criteria, you must report your mean source water Cryptosporidium concentration as well as a summary of source water monitoring used to calculate the mean to the State no later than September 30, 2012, for the 

first round of source water monitoring and September 30, 2021, for the second round of source water monitoring (§141.712). 

If you are required to meet the requirements for treatment for Cryptosporidium, you must meet the reporting requirements for each toolbox option you use. The reporting requirements for the individual toolbox options can be found in §141.721(f) of the LT2ESWTR. The 

individual toolbox reporting requirements can also be found in the LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual. You may call the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov) to request a copy of the regulation. 

If you plan to make a significant change in your disinfection practice(s) after completing source water monitoring, you must develop a 

disinfection profile and calculate a disinfection benchmark. You must notify the State prior to making the change and provide the profile 

and benchmark and additional information to the State. The disinfection profiling and benchmark requirements can be found in §141.708 

and §141.709 of the LT2ESWTR. 

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Records You Must Keep in Your Files

 

In addition to the record keeping requirements for all drinking water requirements (see 40 CFR §141.33), you must maintain the following 

information in your records (§141.722):

Records of all source water monitoring until 3 years after bin classification determination for filtered systems or determination of the 

mean Cryptosporidium level for unfiltered systems for the particular round of monitoring. 

A record of notifying the State that you will not be conducting source water monitoring and that you will instead meet the Cryptosporidium treatment requirements for your source for 3 years. 

Records of treatment monitoring for the toolbox options and for any monitoring required for treatment for uncovered finished water reservoirs for 3 years. 

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STEP #10 - Where Do I Go for Help?

 

There are many sources of information available to help you meet the requirements in this rule. 

You can review EPA’s guidance manuals (see Appendix D), contact EPA’s regional drinking water offices, or EPA’s Safe Drinking Water 

Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov). 

You can contact your State drinking water agency. 

You can contact your State chapters of organizations such as the National Rural Water Association and the American Water Works Association which often offer technical assistance to small facilities. 

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Financial Assistance

Modifying or installing treatment, consolidating with another water system, and developing a new water source can be expensive. System 

improvements can be funded by raising rates, issuing bonds, or by successfully applying for loans or grants. The tables below provide information on some programs that may provide financial assistance to help you comply with the LT2ESWTR. 

Major Providers of Financial Assistance to Drinking Water Systems

Name of Program Description Contact Information

Drinking Water State Revolving 

Fund (DWSRF)

The DWSRF makes low-interest and interest-free loans to water 

systems to finance infrastructure improvements. States can “set aside” 

funds from their annual EPA grant to provide technical assistance to 

small systems.

www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf/

Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 

(800) 426-4791

Rural Utilities Service (RUS) 

Water and Waste Disposal Loan 

and Grant Program

This program offers loans and grants to rural areas to develop water and waste-disposal systems and to reduce the user costs of these 

systems.

www.usda.gov/rus/water/

(202) 720-9540

State-specific Programs Your State may offer additional funding programs. See Appendix E

Tribal-specific Programs EPA makes direct grants (not loans) to Tribes through the DWSRF 

Tribal Set-Aside Program for improvements to water systems that 

serve Tribes. States and the Indian Health Service may provide additional financial assistance.

See Appendix E
22

Other Potential Sources of Financing or Financial Assistance to Drinking Water Systems

Name of Program Description Contact Information

Community Development Block 

Grants (CDBG)

This program offers grants to disadvantaged cities, urban 

counties, and States to develop viable urban communities.

www.hud.gov/grants/index.cfm

(for specific State contact information)

 (202) 708-1112

Public Works and Infrastructure 

Development Grants

These grants help distressed communities overcome barriers that inhibit the growth of their local economies.www.eda.gov/AboutEDA/Programs.xml

(202) 482-5081

National Bank for Cooperatives 

Loan Program (CoBank)

CoBank provides loans to larger, creditworthy, and rural 

utilities.

www.cobank.com

(800) 542-8072

Rural Community Assistance Corporation (RCAC)

RCAC provides loans to rural utilities in 11 western States 

to help meet the financing needs of rural communities and 

disadvantaged populations.

www.rcap.org/

(916) 447-2854

 

Extensions for Systems that Need More Time to Comply 

States may grant up to an additional 24 months for compliance with the treatment technique requirements of the LT2ESWTR, which are met 

with the “toolbox” in Step #7, to systems that require capital improvements to meet the treatment technique requirements. 
23

STEP #11 - How Do I Protect My Source Water from Contamination?

If the State has completed a Source Water Assessment for your source, it has identified potential contamination activities in the watershed for 

your source and/or near your intake. You may wish to review the assessment and discuss it with your State to determine what actions you can 

take to better protect your source water. Even if you do not control all the area surrounding your source water, you may be able to take some 

steps to protect it.

You can prevent fecal contamination from threatening your drinking water source by controlling or eliminating fecal sources in the watershed 

for your source and by protecting the watershed and your intake from fecal contamination. EPA’s Source Water Assessment and Protection 

Program (SWAPP) encourage pollution prevention by requiring States to assess sources of public drinking water. To find out more about these 

programs and the tools that have been developed which may help you protect your source water, contact your State SWAPP or EPA’s Safe 

Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov). Information is also available at www.epa.gov/safewater/protect.

html. 
24

Appendix A: Glossary of Selected Terms Used in this Guide

Combined distribution system - The interconnected distribution system consisting of the distribution systems of wholesale systems and of 

the consecutive systems that receive finished water from those wholesale systems.

Community water system - A public water system which serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly 

serves at least 25 year round residents.

Consecutive systems - Include all systems that buy or otherwise receive some or all of their finished water from another public water system 

on a regular basis. 

CT - For a chemical disinfectant (chlorine, chloramine, ozone) the result of multiplying the disinfectant residual concentration, C, by the contact time, T, in the water system from the point where the disinfectant is applied to the point where the residual is measured.

Non-community water system - A public water system that is not a community water system.

Primacy agency - The agency with primary enforcement authority for the Safe Drinking Water Act. The primacy agency is referred to as the 

State in this document but this also refers to EPA and any Tribal government responsible for implementing and enforcing the SDWA. 

Sanitary survey - An on site review of the water source (identifying sources of contamination by using results of source water assessments 

or other relevant information, where available), facilities, equipment, operation, maintenance, and monitoring compliance of a public water 

system to evaluate the adequacy of the system, its sources and operations, and the distribution of safe drinking water. 

Subpart H system - A public water system serving surface water or ground water under the influence of surface water. These systems are 

subject to the filtration and disinfection requirements of 40 CFR Subpart H.

UV disinfection - A disinfection process exposing the water supply to ultraviolet light (irradiation) to provide pathogen inactivation.

Wholesale system - A public water system that treats source water as necessary and then delivers finished water to another public water system. Delivery may be through a direct connection or through the distribution system of another consecutive system. 
25

Appendix B: E. coli Sampling and Annual Mean

Example for E. coli Sampling and Annual Mean for a Lake/Reservoir Source (See LT2ESWTR Step Guide Step #4)

Step #1 - The results of all the samples for 12 months (one sample at least every two weeks) are added together.

Step #2 - The sum of all the samples is divided by the total number of samples to determine the annual mean.

Sample E. coli Result 

(E. coli/100mL) Sample E. coli Result (E. coli/100mL) Sample E. coli Result (E. coli/100mL)

October 1, 2008 2 February 18, 2009 14 July 1, 2009 2

October 15, 2008 3 March 4, 2009 10 July 15, 2009 4

October 29, 2008 2 March 18, 2009 2 July 29, 2009 4

November 12, 2008 4 April 1, 2009 4 August 12, 2009 2

November 26, 2008 2 April 15, 2009 6 August 26, 2009 2

December 10, 2008 7 April 29, 2009 2 September 9, 2009 2

December 24, 2008 6 May 13, 2009 2 September 23, 2009 4

January 7, 2009 10 May 27, 2009 4 -- --

January 21, 2009 12 June 3, 2009 10 -- --

February 4, 2009 12 June 17, 2009 10 -- --

Total for 27 Samples: 144

Annual Mean (Total for 27 Samples / 27): 144/27=5.3
26

Appendix C: System Source Sampling and Bin Placement

Example System Source Sampling and Bin Placement

The First Valley Water District serves 1,500 homes from its surface water treatment plant. 

The surface water treatment plant treats water from First Valley Creek.

The First Valley water treatment is a conventional surface water treatment plant that consists 

of flocculation/sedimentation basins, sand filters, and a treated water tank for final disinfection. There is an upflow clarifier that is used seasonally when storms result in high raw water 

turbidity in First Valley Creek. 

Since First Valley Water District serves less than 10,000 persons, the LT2ESWTR requires 

First Valley to sample the source water for E. coli at least once every two weeks for 12 

months. Monitoring must begin no later than October 2008. First Valley Water District is 

required to submit a sampling schedule to the State for approval no later than 3 months before 

it is required to begin sampling for E. coli.

The results of sampling for E. coli are shown on Sheet 1. First Valley Water District reports 

the results of the E. coli monitoring to the State. Since First Valley Creek is a flowing stream 

and the annual mean E. coli concentration is greater than 50 E. coli/100 mL, First Valley 

Water District is now required to sample the source water for Cryptosporidium at least twice a 

month for 12 months.

First Valley is required to submit a sampling schedule for Cryptosporidium to the State for approval by January 1, 2010. The results of sampling for Cryptosporidium are shown on Sheet 

2. Since the mean Cryptosporidium concentration for the 12 months of sampling is greater than 0.075 oocysts/L but less than 1.0 oocysts/L, 

the bin classification for First Valley is Bin 2. First Valley uses conventional filtration treatment so the Bin 2 classification now requires First 

Valley to provide at least 1-log additional treatment for Cryptosporidium (see Steps 6 and 7).

First Valley is required to provide at least 1-log additional Cryptosporidium treatment by October 1, 2014. To meet this requirement, First 
27

Valley will choose from the LT2ESWTR Microbial Toolbox Options (see Step #7). First Valley may choose any Toolbox option or combination of Toolbox options to meet its Cryptosporidium treatment options. More information on the Microbial Toolbox Options can be found in 

the Microbial Toolbox Guidance Manual. Some (but not all) of the Toolbox options First Valley could consider to meet its Cryptosporidium

treatment requirements include:

Using the upflow clarifier full time as a pre-sedimentation basin. Pre-sedimentation basins are eligible for a 0.5-log Cryptosporidium 

credit if a coagulant is added continuously and certain performance conditions are met (see Step #7).

Optimizing the filtration process to meet the conditions for the Combined Filter Performance 0.5-log Cryptosporidium credit. 

Adding a second filtration step after the existing filters. Second stage granular media filters are eligible for a 0.5-log Cryptosporidium 

treatments credit and second stage slow sand filters are eligible for a 2.5-log Cryptosporidium credit. Cryptosporidium treatment credits 

for bag, cartridge, and membrane filters are based on a demonstration. 

•

•

•
28

Sheet #1: First Valley Water District E. coli Sampling and Annual Mean (See LT2ESWTR Step Guide Step #4).

Step 1 - The results of all the samples for 12 months (at least every two weeks) are added together. 

Step 2 - The sum of all the samples is divided by the total number of samples to determine the annual mean.

Sample E. coli Result 

(E. coli/100mL) Sample E. coli Result (E. coli/100mL) Sample E. coli Result (E. coli/100mL)

October 1, 2008 83 February 18, 2009 73 July 1, 2009 30

October 15, 2008 20 March 4, 2009 60 July 15, 2009 200

October 29, 2008 120 March 18, 2009 46 July 29, 2009 80

November 12, 2008 56 April 1, 2009 20 August 12, 2009 200

November 26, 2008 70 April 15, 2009 100 August 26, 2009 140

December 10, 2008 150 April 29, 2009 100 September 9, 2009 126

December 24, 2008 130 May 13, 2009 170 September 23, 2009 120

January 7, 2009 43 May 27, 2009 260 -- --

January 21, 2009 60 June 3, 2009 80 -- --

February 4, 2009 60 June 17, 2009 100 -- --

Total for 27 Samples: 2697

Annual Mean (Total for 27 Samples / 27): 2697/27=99.9
29

Sheet #2: First Valley Water District Cryptosporidium Sampling and Annual Mean (See LT2ESWTR Step Guide Step #5).

Step 1 - The results of all the samples for 12 months (2 samples each month) are added together. 

Step 2 - The sum of all 24 samples is divided by 24 to get the annual mean.

Sample Sample Result 

(oocysts/L) Sample Sample Result (oocysts/L) Sample Sample Result (oocysts/L)

April 5, 2010 0 August 2, 2010 0 December 6, 2010 0

April 19, 2010 0 August 16, 2010 0 December 20, 2010 2

May 3, 2010 2 September 6, 2010 2 January 3, 2011 0

May 17, 2010 0 September 20, 2010 0 January 17, 2011 0

June 7, 2010 2 October 4, 2010 0 February 7, 2011 3

June 27, 2010 2 October 18, 2010 0 February 21, 2011 2

July 5, 2010 4 November 8, 2010 2 March 7, 2011 2

July 19, 2010 0 November 22, 2010 0 March 21, 2011 0

Total for 24 Samples: 23

Annual Mean (Total for 24 Samples / 24): 23/24 = 0.96
30

Appendix D: Where to Obtain More Information 

EPA has developed a series of guidance manuals to support the LT2ESWTR. The manuals will aid EPA, State agencies, and you in implementing the rule and will help to ensure consistent implementation.

Consider the Source: A Pocket Guide to Protecting Your Source: Drinking Water Pocket Guide #3. For States, public water systems, 

local governments, and consumers. This guide includes a discussion of Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act based regulatory and 

voluntary resources, tools, and management measures available for protecting drinking water sources. The Guide also includes available Best 

Management Practices for source water protection areas. An electronic version is available at www.epa.gov/safewater/sourcewater/pubs/swppocket.pdf.

Simultaneous Compliance Guidance Manual for the Long Term 2 and Stage 2 DBP Rules (EPA 817-R-07-017). For primacy agencies 

and public water systems. This guidance manual for PWSs affected by the rule describes potential conflicts that may arise as systems take 

steps to comply with the LT2ESWTR and the Stage 2 DBPR and provides examples of approaches systems can take to resolve those conflicts. 

The manuals offers tools that can be used to determine if treatment changes may result in simultaneous compliance problems and provides 

information on helpful resources. An electronic version is available at www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2/compliance.html.

Uncovered Finished Water Reservoirs Guidance Manual (EPA 815-R-99-011). For primacy agencies and public water systems. The 

purpose of this document is to provide a basic understanding of the potential sources of external contamination in uncovered finished water 

reservoirs and to provide guidance to water treatment operators for evaluating and maintaining water quality in these reservoirs. An electronic 

version is available at www.epa.gov/ogwdw/mdbp/pdf/uncover/ufw8p.pdf.

Public Notification Handbook (EPA 816-R-00-010). For public water systems required to provide public notification. This handbook provides instructions and includes templates that public water systems can use for various types of public notification. An electronic version is 

available at www.epa.gov/safewater/pws/pn/handbook.pdf.

Surface Water Treatment Rule Guidance Manual. For primacy agencies and public water systems. This manual provides guidance on 

the applicability and regulatory requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule including the filtration and disinfection requirements for 

systems supplying surface water. The Appendices provide the basis for CT values and include guidance for determining disinfection contact, 

measuring disinfectant residual and means for providing redundant disinfection capability. The Appendices also include CT tables for the 

inactivation of Giardia and viruses for chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone.
31

For more information, contact EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791, or see the Office of Ground Water and 

Drinking Water Web page at www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/index.html. To order a copy of one of these guidance manuals 

you may contact the US EPA Water Resource Center at (202) 566-1729 or by mail at:

US Environmental Protection Agency

Water Resource Center (RC-4100)

1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, 

Washington DC 20460

E-mail: center.water-resource@epa.gov

Pocket Sampling Guide for Operators of Small Water Systems (EPA 814-B-92-001). For operators of small Community Water Systems 

(Serving Fewer Than 3,300 People). This concise, conveniently sized guide helps operators easily learn how to comply with the monitoring 

requirements of the 1986 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments. It covers most sampling requirements for regulations promulgated under the 

1986 Amendments, including the Volatile Organic Chemicals Rule, the Total Coliforms Rule, the Surface Water Treatment Rule, and Lead 

And Copper Regulation. Ordering instruction are available at http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/.

Source Water Monitoring Guidance for Public Water Systems for the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (EPA 

815-R-06-005). For primacy agencies and public water systems. This guidance manual is for PWSs affected by the rule. It provides information on laboratory contracting, sample collection procedures, and data evaluation and interpretation. An electronic version is available at 

www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2/compliance.html.

UV Disinfection Guidance Manual (EPA 815-R-06-007). For primacy agencies and public water systems. This manual provides guidance 

on the selection, design, and operation of ultraviolet disinfection to comply with treatment requirements under the rule. An electronic version 

is available at www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2/compliance.html.

Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual (EPA 815-R-06-009). For primacy agencies and public water systems. This manual provides 

guidance on the selection, design, and operation of membrane filtration to comply with treatment requirements under the rule. An electronic 

version is available at www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2/compliance.html.

Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule Toolbox Guidance Manual. For primacy agencies and public water systems. 

This draft manual provides guidance on the selection, design, and operation of treatment and management strategies in the LT2ESWTR “microbial toolbox” to comply with treatment requirements under the rule. This manual is currently in development. 
32

Appendix E: SDWA Primacy Agencies and Tribal Contacts

Safe Drinking Water Act Primacy Agency Contacts.

For additional information or to learn more about the laws in your own State, please contact your State Primacy Agency.

EPA REGION 1 www.epa.gov/region1/eco/drinkwater/index.html (617) 918-1584

Connecticut

Department of Public Health: Drinking Water Division www.dph.state.ct.us/BRS/water/dwd.htm (860) 509-7333

Maine

Maine Department of Human Services: Drinking Water Program www.state.me.us/dhs/eng/water/index.htm (207) 287-2070

Massachusetts

Department of Environmental Protection: Drinking Water Program www.mass.gov/dep/water/drinking.htm (617) 292-5770

New Hampshire

Department of Environmental Services: Water Division www.des.state.nh.us/wseb/ (603) 271-2513

Rhode Island

Department of Health: Office of Drinking Water Quality www.health.ri.gov/environment/dwq/index.php (401) 222-6867

Vermont

Vermont Agency of Natural Resources www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/watersup/wsd.htm (802) 241-3400

EPA REGION 2 www.epa.gov/region02/water/drinkingwater/ (212) 637-3879

New Jersey

Department of Environmental Protection: Water Supply Administration www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/ (609) 292-5550

New York

Department of Health: Bureau of Water Supply Protection www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/water/main.htm (518) 402-7650
33

Puerto Rico

Department of Health: Public Water Supply Supervision Program www.epa.gov/region02/cepd/prlink.htm (787) 977-5870

Virgin Islands

Department of Planning & Natural Resources: Division of Environmental Protectionwww.dpnr.gov.vi/dep/home.htm (340) 773-1082

 EPA REGION 3 www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/ (215) 814-2300

Delaware

Delaware Health & Social Services: Division of Public Health www.state.de.us/dhss/dph/about.html (302) 744-4700

District of Columbia

US EPA Region 3 Drinking Water Branch www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/ (215) 814-5806

Maryland

Department of the Environment: Public Drinking Water Program

www.mde.state.md.us/programs/WaterPrograms/Water_Supply/index.asp (410) 537-3000

Pennsylvania

Department of Environmental Protection: Office of Water Management www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wsm/WSM.htm (717) 772-4018

Virginia

Department of Health: Office of Drinking Water www.vdh.virginia.gov/DrinkingWater/ (804) 864-7500

West Virginia

Bureau for Public Health: Department of Health and Human Resources www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/ (304) 558-6715

 EPA REGION 4 www.epa.gov/region4/water/ (404) 562-9345

Alabama

Department of Environmental Management: Water Supply Branch

www.adem.state.al.us/WaterDivision/Drinking/DWMainInfo.htm (334) 271-7700

Florida

Department of Environmental Protection: Drinking Water Program www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater/index.htm (850) 245-8335
34

Georgia

Department of Natural Resources: Water Resources Branch www.gaepd.org (404) 657-5947

Kentucky

Department for Environmental Protection: Division of Water www.water.ky.gov/dw (502) 564-3410

Mississippi

Department of Health: Division of Water Supply www.msdh.state.ms.us/msdhsite/index.cfm/44.0.76.html (601) 576-7518

North Carolina

Department of Environment and Natural Resources: Public Water Supply Sectionwww.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws/ (919) 733-2321

South Carolina

Department of Health & Environmental Control: Drinking Water Programwww.scdhec.net/eqc/water/html/dwater.html (803) 898-4300

Tennessee

Department of Environment & Conservation: Division of Water Supply www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/ (615) 532-0191

EPA REGION 5 www.epa.gov/r5water/ (312) 886-4239

Illinois

Environmental Protection Agency: Division of Public Water Supplies www.epa.state.il.us/water/index-pws.html (217) 785-8653

Indiana

Department of Environmental Management: Drinking Water Branch www.in.gov/idem/water/dwb (317) 232-8603

Michigan

Department of Environmental Quality: Water Bureau www.michigan.gov/deq (517) 373-7917

Minnesota

Department of Health: Drinking Water Protection Section www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/index.html (651) 215-0770
35

Ohio

Environmental Protection Agency: Division of Drinking & Ground 

Water

www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/ (614) 644-2752

Wisconsin

Department of Natural Resources: Drinking Water and Ground Water www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/dwg/ (608) 266-0821

EPA REGION 6 www.epa.gov/region6/water (214) 665-2757

Arkansas

Department of Health: Division of Engineering www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/index.html (501) 661-2623

Louisiana

Office of Public Health: Safe Drinking Water Program www.oph.dhh.louisiana.gov/engineerservice/safewater (225) 765-5038

New Mexico

Environment Department: Drinking Water Bureau www.nmenv.state.nm.us/dwb/dwbtop.html (505) 827-1400

Oklahoma

Department of Environmental Quality: Water Quality Division www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/index.htm (405) 702-8100

Texas

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality www.tceq.state.tx.us/nav/util_water/ (512) 239-4691

EPA REGION 7 www.epa.gov/region7/water/dwgw.htm (913) 551-7030

Iowa

Department of Natural Resources: Water Supply Program www.iowadnr.com/water/drinking/index.html (515) 725-0275

Kansas

Department of Environmental Protection: Bureau of Water www.kdhe.state.ks.us/pws/ (785) 296-5503

Missouri

Department of Natural Resources: Water Protection and Soil Conservation Division www.dnr.mo.gov/wpscd/wpcp/dw-index.htm (573) 751-1300
36

Nebraska

Department of HHS: Public Water Supply Program www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm (402) 471-0521

EPA REGION 8 www.epa.gov/region08/water/ (303) 312-7021

Colorado

Department of Public Health & Environment: Drinking Water Program www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/index.html (303) 692-3500

Montana

Department of Environmental Quality: Public Water Supply Program www.deq.state.mt.us/wqinfo/PWS/index.asp (406) 444-4071

North Dakota

Department of Health: Division of Water Quality

www.health.state.nd.us/mf (701) 328-5211

South Dakota

Department of Environment & Natural Resources: Drinking Water 

Program 

www.state.sd.us/denr/des/drinking/dwprg.htm (605) 773-3754

Utah

Department of Environmental Quality: Division of Drinking Water 

www.drinkingwater.utah.gov (801) 536-4200

Wyoming

EPA Region VIII: Wyoming Drinking Water Program 

www.epa.gov/region08/water/dwhome/wycon/wycon.html (303) 312-6812

EPA REGION 9 www.epa.gov/region9/water/index.html (415) 744-1884

American Samoa

Environmental Protection Agency www.epa.gov/safewater/dwinfo/samoa.htm (684) 633-2304

Arizona

Department of Environmental Quality: Safe Drinking Water Section www.azdeq.gov/environ/water/dw/index.html (602) 771-2300

California

Department of Health Services: Division of Drinking Water & Environmental Managementwww.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/technical/dwp/dwpindex.htm (916) 449-5577
37

Guam

Guam Environmental Protection Agency: Water Programs Division www.guamepa.govguam.net/programs/water (671) 475-1658

Hawaii

Department of Health: Environmental Health Division 

www.hawaii.gov/health/environmental/water/sdwb/index.

html (808) 586-4258

Nevada

Department of Environmental Services: Safe Drinking Water Program www.ndep.nv.gov/bsdw/index.htm (775) 687-6353

EPA REGION 10 www.epa.gov/region10/ (206) 553-1389

Alaska

Department of Environmental Management: Water Supply Branch www.state.ak.us/dec/eh/dw (907) 269-7647 

Idaho

Department of Environmental Quality: Water Quality Division www.deq.state.id.us/water/ (208) 373-0194

Oregon

Department of Human Services: Drinking Water Program www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/dwp/index.shtml (971) 673-0405

Washington

Department of Environmental Health: Office of Drinking Water www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/ (360) 236-3100
38

Tribal Contacts.

For additional information or to learn more about the laws governing your tribe, use the contact information provided below.

US EPA Headquarters Web site Phone Number

American Indian Environmental Office www.epa.gov/indian (202) 564-0303

US EPA Regional Tribal Capacity 

Development Coordinators Web site Phone Numbers

EPA Region 1 www.epa.gov/region01/topics/government/tribal.html (888) 372-7341

EPA Region 2 www.epa.gov/region02/nations/index.html (212) 637-3600

EPA Region 4 www.epa.gov/Region4/indian/index.htm (404) 562-6939

EPA Region 5 www.epa.gov/region5/water/stpb (312) 353-2123

EPA Region 6 www.epa.gov/region06/6xa/tribal.htm (800) 887-6063

EPA Region 7 www.epa.gov/region07/government_tribal/index.htm (913) 551-7030

EPA Region 8 www.epa.gov/region08/tribes (303) 312-6116

EPA Region 9 www.epa.gov/region09/cross_pr/indian/index.html (415) 744-1500

EPA Region 10 http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/tribal.NSF (206) 553-4011

Other Contacts Web site Phone Numbers

Administration for Native Americans www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ana (877) 922-9262

Bureau of Indian Affairs www.doi.gov/bureau-indian-affairs.html (202) 208-3710

Indian Health Service www.ihs.gov (301) 443-3024

Native American Water Association www.nawainc.org (775) 782-6636
39

Appendix F: Other STEP Documents Available from EPA

This guide is one in a series of Simple Tools for Effective Performance (STEP) documents for small drinking water systems. The currently 

available STEP documents can be obtained from EPA by calling the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 and requesting the document by its publication number. The currently available STEP documents are also available at http://epa.gov/safewater/smallsys/ssinfo.htm.

Small Systems Guide to the Total Coliform Rule (TCR)

Publication number: EPA 816-R-01-017A

Published: June 2001

Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/small-tcr.pdf

Complying with the Revised Drinking Water Standard for Arsenic: Small 

Entity Compliance Guide 

Publication number: EPA 816-R-02-008A 

Published: August 2002

Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/arsenic/pdfs/ars_final_app_f.pdf

Small Systems Guide to Safe Drinking Water Act Regulations

Publication number: EPA 816-R-03-017 

Published: September 2003

Web location:hwww.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_smallsystems_sdwa.pdf

Strategic Planning: A Handbook for Small Water Systems

Publication number: EPA 816-R-03-015

Published: September 2003

Web location:hwww.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_smallsystems_stratplan.pdf

Asset Management: A Handbook for Small Water Systems 

Publication number: EPA 816-R-03-016

Published: September 2003

Web location:hwww.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_smallsystems_asset_mgmnt.pdf

Sources of Technical and Financial Assistance for Small Drinking Water 

Systems

Publication number: EPA 816-K-02-005

Published: July 2002

Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/tfa_sdws.pdf

Complying with Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection 

Byproducts Rule: Basic Guide

Publication number: EPA 816-B-05-004 Published: March 2006

Web location:hwww.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_stage1_

basic_final.pdf

Supplement A

Publication number: EPA 816-B-05-005

Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_stage1_

basic_supplement_a_final.pdf

Supplement B

Publication number: EPA 816-B-05-006 

Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_stage1_

basic_supplement_b_final.pdf

Complying with the Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts 

Rule: Small Entity Compliance Guide

Publication number: EPA 815-R-07-014

Published: February 2007

Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/stage2/pdfs/guide_st2_

stepguide_smallentitycomplianceguide.pdf