# Patent

## Title
Air treatment apparatus having an electrode extending along an axis which is substantially perpendicular to an air flow path

## Abstract

An air transporter-conditioner device is disclosed that can include an elongated housing having a bottom, a top and an elongated side wall. The housing can have an inlet located adjacent to the bottom and an outlet located adjacent to the elongated side wall, an emitter electrode and a collector electrode and a high voltage generator operably connected to both electrodes. An impeller can be used to draw air into the housing through the inlet and direct the air toward the outlet. The housing can also include a second elongated side wall and a baffle which can include a plurality of deflectors positioned along the second elongated side wall. The baffle can include a plurality of elongated columns of varying lengths and each column can include a deflector. The device can further include a second inlet located adjacent to the elongated side wall and a germicidal lamp located inside the elongated housing.

## Background
CLAIM OF PRIORITY
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/538,973, filed Jan. 22, 2004, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/074,096, filed Feb. 12, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,974,560, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/341,179, filed Dec. 13, 2001, and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/306,479, filed Jul. 18, 2001, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/774,198, filed Jan. 29, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,485, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/924,624, filed Aug. 8, 2001, now abandoned which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/564,960, filed May 4, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,350,417, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/186,471, filed Nov. 5, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,977. Priority is claimed to each of the applications recited above and each of these applications are incorporated herein by reference.
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related to the following applications, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein:
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/304,182, filed Nov. 26, 2002, entitled “APPARATUS FOR CONDITIONING AIR,” now abandoned;
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/375,806, filed Feb. 27, 2003, entitled “APPARATUS FOR CONDITIONING AIR WITH ANTI-MICROORGANISM CAPABILITY,” now abandoned;
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/375,734, filed Feb. 27, 2003, entitled “AIR TRANSPORTER-CONDITIONER DEVICES WITH TUBULAR ELECTRODE CONFIGURATIONS,” now abandoned; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/375,735, filed Feb. 27, 2003, entitled “APPARATUSES FOR CONDITIONING AIR WITH MEANS TO EXTEND EXPOSURE TIME TO ANTI-MICROORGANISM LAMP,” now abandoned;
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/379,966, filed Mar. 5, 2003, entitled“PERSONAL AIR TRANSPORTER-CONDITIONER DEVICES WITH ANTI-MICROORGANISM CAPABILITY,”
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/435,289, filed May 9, 2003, entitled “AN ELECTRO-KINETIC AIR TRANSPORTER AND CONDITIONER DEVICES WITH SPECIAL DETECTORS AND INDICATORS”; and
This application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,977, issued Jan. 23, 2001, entitled “ELECTRO-KINETIC AIR TRANSPORTER-CONDITIONER”.
This application is also related to the following commonly-owned co-pending patent applications:
U.S. Patent Application. Ser. No. Filed


    Ser. No. 90/007,276 Oct. 29, 2004
    Ser. No. 11/041,926 Jan. 21, 2005
    Ser. No. 11/091,243 Mar. 28, 2005
    Ser. No. 11/062,057 Feb. 18, 2005
    Ser. No. 11/071,779 Mar. 3, 2005
    Ser. No. 10/994,869 Nov. 22, 2004
    Ser. No. 11/007,556 Dec. 8, 2004
    Ser. No. 10/074,209 Feb. 12, 2002
    Ser. No. 10/685,182 Oct. 14, 2003
    Ser. No. 10/944,016 Sep. 17, 2004
    Ser. No. 10/795,934 Mar. 8, 2004
    Ser. No. 11/064,797 Feb. 24, 2005
    Ser. No. 11/003,671 Dec. 3,2004
    Ser. No. 11/003,035 Dec. 3,2004
    Ser. No. 11/007,395 Dec. 8, 2004
    Ser. No. 10/876,495 Jun. 25, 2004
    Ser. No. 10/809,923 Mar. 25, 2004
    Ser. No. 11/004,397 Dec. 3, 2004
    Ser. No. 10/895,799 Jul. 21, 2004
    Ser. No. 10/642,927 Aug. 18, 2003
    Ser. No. 11/823,346 Apr. 12, 2004
    Ser. No. 10/662,591 Sep. 15, 2003
    Ser. No. 11/061,967 Feb. 18, 2005
    Ser. No. 11/150,046 Jun. 10, 2005
    Ser. No. 11/188,448 Jul. 25, 2005
    Ser. No. 11/188,478 Jul. 25, 2005
    Ser. No. 11/293,538 Dec. 2, 2005
    Ser. No. 11/457,396 Jul. 13, 2006
    Ser. No. 11/464,139 Aug. 11,2006
    Ser. No. 11/694,281 Mar. 30, 2007




FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to devices that transport and/or condition air.
BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
FIG. 1 depicts a generic electro-kinetic device 10 to condition air. Device 10 includes a housing 20 that typically has at least one air input 30 and at least one air output 40. Within housing 20 there is disposed an electrode assembly or system 50 comprising a first electrode array 60 having at least one electrode 70 and comprising a second electrode array 80 having at least one electrode 90. System 10 further includes a high voltage generator 95 coupled between the first and second electrode arrays. As a result, ozone and ionized particles of air are generated within device 10, and there is an electro-kinetic flow of air in the direction from the first electrode array 60 towards the second electrode array 80. In FIG. 1, the large arrow denoted IN represents ambient air that can enter input port 30. The small “x”s denote particulate matter that may be present in the incoming ambient air. The air movement is in the direction of the large arrows, and the output airflow, denoted OUT, exits device 10 via outlet 40. An advantage of electro-kinetic devices such as device 10 is that an airflow is created without using fans or other moving parts. Thus, device 10 in FIG. 1 can function somewhat as a fan to create an output airflow, but without requiring moving parts.
Preferably particulate matter “x” in the ambient air can be electrostatically attracted to the second electrode array 80, with the result that the outflow (OUT) of air from device 10 not only contains ozone and ionized air, but can be cleaner than the ambient air. In such devices, it can become necessary to occasionally clean the second electrode array electrodes 80 to remove particulate matter and other debris from the surface of electrodes 90. Accordingly, the outflow of air (OUT) is conditioned in that particulate matter is removed and the outflow includes appropriate amounts of ozone, and some ions.
An outflow of air containing ions and ozone may not, however, destroy or significantly reduce microorganisms such as germs, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and the like, collectively hereinafter “microorganisms.” It is known in the art to destroy such microorganisms with, by way of example only, germicidal lamps. Such lamps can emit ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of about 254 nm. For example, devices to condition air using mechanical fans, HEPA filters, and germicidal lamps are sold commercially by companies such as Austin Air, C.A.R.E. 2000, Amaircare, and others. Often these devices are somewhat cumbersome, and have the size and bulk of a small filing cabinet. Although such fan-powered devices can reduce or destroy microorganisms, the devices tend to be bulky, and are not necessarily silent in operation.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The present invention is directed to an air transporter-conditioner device, which comprises an elongated housing which has a bottom, a top and an elongated side wall. The housing has an inlet which located adjacent to the bottom and an outlet which located adjacent to the elongated side wall. The device includes an emitter electrode and a collector electrode as well as a high voltage generator which is operably connected to both electrodes. The device also includes a fan that is configured to draw air into the housing through the inlet as well as direct the air along the elongated housing. A baffle is configured in the device to direct air from the fan toward the outlet.
In one embodiment, the housing includes a second elongated side wall, whereby the baffle includes a plurality of deflectors which are positioned along the second elongated side wall to direct air flow toward the outlet.
In one embodiment, the baffle includes a plurality of elongated columns of varying lengths, wherein each column includes a deflector configured to direct air toward the outlet.
In one embodiment, the device includes a second inlet is located adjacent to the elongated side wall.
In one embodiment, a germicidal lamp located inside the elongated housing.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 depicts a generic electro-kinetic conditioner device that outputs ionized air and ozone, according to the prior art;
FIGS. 2A-2B: FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an embodiment of the housing; FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, illustrating the removable array of second electrodes;
FIGS. 3A-3E: FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an embodiment of the device shown in FIGS. 2A-2B without a base; FIG. 3B is a top view of the embodiment of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3A; FIG. 3C is a partial perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, illustrating the removable second array of electrodes; FIG. 3D is a side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A including a base; FIG. 3E is a perspective view of the embodiment in FIG. 3D, illustrating a removable rear panel which exposes a germicidal lamp;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the device;
FIGS. 5A-5B: FIG. 5A is a top, partial cross-sectioned view of an embodiment of the device, illustrating one configuration of the germicidal lamp; FIG. 5B is a top, partial cross-sectioned view of another embodiment of the device, illustrating another configuration of the germicidal lamp;
FIG. 6 is a top, partial cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the device;
FIG. 7 is an electrical block diagram of an embodiment of a circuit of the device;
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram used to describe embodiments of the device that sense and suppress arcing;
FIG. 9 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan;
FIG. 10 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan;
FIG. 11 is a further alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan;
FIG. 12 is a plan cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, through section 11-11;
FIG. 13 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan;
FIG. 14 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan;
FIG. 15 is a plan cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, through section 14-14;
FIG. 16 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan;
FIG. 17 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes fans;
FIG. 18 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes fans;
FIG. 19 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes fans;
FIG. 20 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Overall Air Transporter-Conditioner System Configuration
FIGS. 2A-2B
FIGS. 2A-2B depict a system which does not have incorporated therein a germicidal lamp. However, these embodiments do include other aspects such as the removable second electrodes which can be included in the other described embodiments.
FIGS. 2A and 2B depict an electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner system 100 whose housing 102 includes preferably rear-located intake vents or louvers 104 and preferably front-located exhaust vents 106, and a base pedestal 108. Preferably, the housing 102 is freestanding and/or upstandingly vertical and/or elongated. Internal to the transporter housing 102 is an ion generating unit 160, preferably powered by an AC:DC power supply that is energizable or excitable using switch S1. Switch S1, along with the other below-described user operated switches, is conveniently located at the top 103 of the unit 100. Ion generating unit 160 is self-contained in that other than ambient air, nothing is required from beyond the transporter housing 102, save external operating potential, for operation of the present invention.
The upper surface 103 of the housing 102 includes a user-liftable handle member 112 to which is affixed a second array 240 of collector electrodes 242. The housing 102 also encloses a first array of emitter electrodes 230, or a single first emitter electrode shown here as a single wire or wire-shaped electrode 232. (The terms “wire” and “wire-shaped” shall be used interchangeably herein to mean an electrode either made from a wire or, if thicker or stiffer than a wire, having the appearance of a wire.) In the embodiment shown, handle member 112 lifts second array electrodes 240 upward causing the second electrode to telescope out of the top of the housing and, if desired, out of unit 100 for cleaning, while the first electrode array 230 remains within unit 100. As is evident from the figure, the second array of electrodes 240 can be lifted vertically out from the top 103 of unit 100 along the longitudinal axis or direction of the elongated housing 102. This arrangement with the second electrodes removable from the top 103 of the unit 100, makes it easy for the user to pull the second electrodes 242 out for cleaning. In FIG. 2B, the bottom ends of second electrodes 242 are connected to a member 113, to which is attached a mechanism 500, which includes a flexible member and a slot for capturing and cleaning the first electrode 232, whenever handle member 112 is moved upward or downward by a user. The first and second arrays of electrodes are coupled to the output terminals of ion generating unit 160.
The general shape of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B is that of a figure eight in cross-section, although other shapes are within the spirit and scope of the invention. The top-to-bottom height in one preferred embodiment is 1 m, with a left-to-right width of preferably 15 cm, and a front-to-back depth of perhaps 10 cm, although other dimensions and shapes can of course be used. A louvered construction provides ample inlet and outlet venting in an ergonomical housing configuration. There need be no real distinction between vents 104 and 106, except their location relative to the second electrodes. These vents serve to ensure that an adequate flow of ambient air can be drawn into or made available to the unit 100, and that an adequate flow of ionized air that includes appropriate amounts of O3 flows out from unit 100.
As will be described, when unit 100 is energized by depressing switch S1, high voltage or high potential output by an ion generator 160 produces ions at the first electrode 232, which ions are attracted to the second electrodes 242. The movement of the ions in an “IN” to “OUT” direction carries with the ions air molecules, thus electro-kinetically producing an outflow of ionized air. The “IN” notation in FIGS. 2A and 2B denotes the intake of ambient air with particulate matter 60. The “OUT” notation in the figures denotes the outflow of cleaned air substantially devoid of the particulate matter, which particulate matter adheres electrostatically to the surface of the second electrodes. In the process of generating the ionized airflow appropriate amounts of ozone (O3) are beneficially produced. It maybe desired to provide the inner surface of housing 102 with an electrostatic shield to reduce detectable electromagnetic radiation. For example, a metal shield could be disposed within the housing, or portions of the interior of the housing can be coated with a metallic paint to reduce such radiation.
Embodiments of Air-Transporter-Conditioner System with Germicidal Lamp
FIGS. 3A-6 depict various embodiments of the device 200, with an improved ability to diminish or destroy microorganisms including bacteria, germs, and viruses. Specifically, FIGS. 3A-6 illustrate various embodiments of the elongated and upstanding housing 210 with the operating controls located on the top surface 217 of the housing 210 for controlling the device 200.
FIGS. 3A-3E
FIG. 3A illustrates a first preferred embodiment of the housing 210 of device 200. The housing 210 is preferably made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp (described hereinafter) is located within the housing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. Non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. By way of example only, the housing 210 may be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. It is within the scope of the present invention to manufacture the housing 210 from other UV appropriate materials.
In a preferred embodiment, the housing 210 is aerodynamically oval, elliptical, teardrop-shaped or egg-shaped. The housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250, and at least one air outlet 260. As used herein, it will be understood that the intake 250 is “upstream” relative to the outlet 260, and that the outlet 260 is “downstream” from the intake 250. “Upstream” and “downstream” describe the general flow of air into, through, and out of device 200, as indicated by the large hollow arrows.
Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins, louvers, or baffles 212. The fins 212 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and thus in the preferred embodiment, vertically oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200. Preferably the fins 212 are vertical and parallel to at least the second collector electrode array 240 (see FIG. 5A). The fins 212 can also be parallel to the first emitter electrode array 230. This configuration assists in the flow of air through the device 200 and also assists in preventing UV radiation from the UV or germicidal lamp 290 (described hereinafter), or other germicidal source, from exiting the housing 210. By way of example only, if the long width of the body from the inlet 250 to the outlet 260 is 8 inches, the collector electrode 242 (see FIG. 5A) can be 11⁄4′′ wide in the direction of airflow, and the fins 212 can be 3⁄4′′ or 1⁄2′′ wide in the direction of airflow. Other proportionate dimensions are within the spirit and scope of the invention. Further, other fin and housing shapes which may not be as aerodynamic are within the spirit and scope of the invention.
From the above it is evident that preferably the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, teardrop-shaped or egg-shaped, with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A) of the housing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as, preferably, an ultraviolet lamp.
FIG. 3B illustrates the operating controls for the device 200. Located on top surface 217 of the housing 210 is an airflow speed control dial 214, a boost button 216, a function dial 218, and an overload/cleaning light 219. The airflow speed control dial 214 has three settings from which a user can choose: LOW, MED, and HIGH. The airflow rate is proportional to the voltage differential between the electrodes or electrode arrays coupled to the ion generator 160. The LOW, MED, and HIGH settings generate a different predetermined voltage difference between the first and second arrays. For example, the LOW setting will create the smallest voltage difference, while the HIGH setting will create the largest voltage difference. Thus, the LOW setting will cause the device 200 to generate the slowest airflow rate, while the HIGH setting will cause the device 200 to generate the fastest airflow rate. These airflow rates are created by the electronic circuit disclosed in FIGS. 7A-7B, and operate as disclosed below.
The function dial 218 enables a user to select “ON,” “ON/GP,” or “OFF.” The unit 200 functions as an electrostatic air transporter-conditioner, creating an airflow from the inlet 250 to the outlet 260, and removing the particles within the airflow when the function dial 218 is set to the “ON” setting. The germicidal lamp 290 does not operate, or emit UV light, when the function dial 218 is set to “ON.” The device 200 also functions as an electrostatic air transporter-conditioner, creating an airflow from the inlet 250 to the outlet 260, and removing particles within the airflow when the function dial 218 is set to the “ON/GP” setting. In addition, the “ON/GP” setting activates the germicidal lamp 290 to emit UV light to remove or kill bacteria within the airflow. The device 200 will not operate when the function dial 218 is set to the “OFF” setting.
As previously mentioned, the device 200 preferably generates small amounts of ozone to reduce odors within the room. If there is an extremely pungent odor within the room, or a user would like to temporarily accelerate the rate of cleaning, the device 200 has a boost button 216. When the boost button 216 is depressed, the device 200 will temporarily increase the airflow rate to a predetermined maximum rate, and generate an increased amount of ozone. The increased amount of ozone will reduce the odor in the room faster than if the device 200 was set to HIGH. The maximum airflow rate will also increase the particle capture rate of the device 200. In a preferred embodiment, pressing the boost button 216 will increase the airflow rate and ozone production continuously for 5 minutes. This time period may be longer or shorter. At the end of the preset time period (e.g., 5 minutes), the device 200 will return to the airflow rate previously selected by the control dial 214.
The overload/cleaning light 219 indicates if the second electrodes 242 require cleaning, or if arcing occurs between the first and second electrode arrays. The overload/cleaning light 219 may illuminate either amber or red in color. The light 219 will turn amber if the device 200 has been operating continuously for more than two weeks and the second array 240 has not been removed for cleaning within the two-week period. The amber light is controlled by the below-described micro-controller unit 130 (see FIG. 7). The device 200 will continue to operate after the light 219 turns amber. The light 219 is only an indicator. There are two ways to reset or turn the light 219 off. A user may remove and replace the second array 240 from the unit 200. The user may also turn the control dial 218 to the OFF position, and subsequently turn the control dial 218 back to the “ON” or “ON/GP” position. The MCU 130 will begin counting a new two-week period upon completing either of these two steps.
The light 219 will turn red to indicate that continuous arcing has occurred between the first array 230 and the second array 240, as sensed by the MCU 130, which receives an arc sensing signal from the collector of an IGBT switch 126 shown in FIG. 7, described in more detail below. When continuous arcing occurs, the device 200 will automatically shut itself off. The device 200 cannot be restarted until the device 200 is reset. To reset the device 200, the second array 240 should first be removed from the housing 210 after the unit 200 is turned off. The second electrode 240 can then be cleaned and placed back into the housing 210. Then, the device 200 is turned on. If no arcing occurs, the device 200 will operate and generate an airflow. If the arcing between the electrodes continues, the device 200 will again shut itself off, and need to be reset.
FIG. 3C illustrates the second electrodes 242 partially removed from the housing 210. In this embodiment, the handle 202 is attached to an electrode mounting bracket 203. The bracket 203 secures the second electrodes 242 in a fixed, parallel configuration. Another similar bracket 203 is attached to the second electrodes 242 substantially at the bottom (not shown). The two brackets 203 align the second electrodes 242 parallel to each other, and in-line with the airflow traveling through the housing 210. Preferably, the brackets 203 are non-conductive surfaces.
One of the various safety features can be seen with the second electrodes 242 partially removed. As shown in FIG. 3C, an interlock post 204 extends from the bottom of the handle 202. When the second electrodes 242 are placed completely into the housing 210, the handle 202 rests within the top surface 217 of the housing, as shown by FIGS. 3A-3B. In this position, the interlock post 204 protrudes into the interlock recess 206 and activates a switch connecting the electrical circuit of the unit 200. When the handle 202 is removed from the housing 210, the interlock post 204 is pulled out of the interlock recess 206 and the switch opens the electrical circuit. With the switch in an open position, the unit 200 will not operate. Thus, if the second electrodes 242 are removed from the housing 210 while the unit 200 is operating, the unit 200 will shut off as soon as the interlock post 204 is removed from the interlock recess 206.
FIG. 3D depicts the housing 210 mounted on a stand or base 215. The housing 210 has an inlet 250 and an outlet 260. The base 215 sits on a floor surface. The base 215 allows the housing 210 to remain in a vertical position. It is within the scope of the present invention for the housing 210 to be pivotally connected to the base 215. As can be seen in FIG. 3D, housing 210 includes sloped top surface 217 and sloped bottom surface 213. These surfaces slope inwardly from inlet 250 to outlet 260 to additionally provide a streamlined appearance and effect.
FIG. 3E illustrates that the housing 210 has a removable rear panel 224, allowing a user to easily access and remove the germicidal lamp 290 from the housing 210 when the lamp 290 expires. This rear panel 224 in this embodiment defines the air inlet and comprises the vertical louvers. The rear panel 224 has locking tabs 226 located on each side, along the entire length of the panel 224. The locking tabs 226, as shown in FIG. 3E, are “L”-shaped. Each tab 226 extends away from the panel 224, inward towards the housing 210, and then projects downward, parallel with the edge of the panel 224. It is within the spirit and scope of the invention to have differently-shaped tabs 226. Each tab 226 individually and slidably interlocks with recesses 228 formed within the housing 210. The rear panel 224 also has a biased lever (not shown) located at the bottom of the panel 224 that interlocks with the recess 230. To remove the panel 224 from the housing 210, the lever is urged away from the housing 210, and the panel 224 is slid vertically upward until the tabs 226 disengage the recesses 228. The panel 224 is then pulled away from the housing 210. Removing the panel 224 exposes the lamp 290 for replacement.
The panel 224 also has a safety mechanism to shut the device 200 off when the panel 224 is removed. The panel 224 has a rear projecting tab (not shown) that engages the safety interlock recess 227 when the panel 224 is secured to the housing 210. By way of example only, the rear tab depresses a safety switch located within the recess 227 when the rear panel 224 is secured to the housing 210. The device 200 will operate only when the rear tab in the panel 224 is fully inserted into the safety interlock recess 227. When the panel 224 is removed from the housing 210, the rear projecting tab is removed from the recess 227 and the power is cut-off to the entire device 200. For example if a user removes the rear panel 224 while the device 200 is running, and the germicidal lamp 290 is emitting UV radiation, the device 200 will turn off as soon as the rear projecting tab disengages from the recess 227. Preferably, the device 200 will turn off when the rear panel 224 is removed only a very short distance (e.g., 1⁄4′′) from the housing 210. This safety switch operates very similar to the interlocking post 204, as shown in FIG. 3C.
FIG. 4
FIG. 4 illustrates yet another embodiment of the housing 210. In this embodiment, the germicidal lamp 290 maybe removed from the housing 210 by lifting the germicidal lamp 290 out of the housing 210 through the top surface 217. The housing 210 does not have a removable rear panel 224. Instead, a handle 275 is affixed to the germicidal lamp 290. The handle 275 is recessed within the top surface 217 of the housing 210 similar to the handle 202, when the lamp 290 is within the housing 210. To remove the lamp 290, the handle 275 is vertically raised out of the housing 210.
The lamp 290 is situated within the housing 210 in a similar manner as the second array of electrodes 240. That is to say, that when the lamp 290 is pulled vertically out of the top 217 of the housing 210, the electrical circuit that provides power to the lamp 290 is disconnected. The lamp 290 is mounted in a lamp fixture that has circuit contacts which engage the circuit in FIG. 7A. As the lamp 290 and fixture are pulled out, the circuit contacts are disengaged. Further, as the handle 275 is lifted from the housing 210, a cutoff switch will shut the entire device 200 off. This safety mechanism ensures that the device 200 will not operate without the lamp 290 placed securely in the housing 210, preventing an individual from directly viewing the radiation emitted from the lamp 290. Reinserting the lamp 290 into the housing 210 causes the lamp fixture to re-engage the circuit contacts as is known in the art. In similar, but less convenient fashion, the lamp 290 may be designed to be removed from the bottom of the housing 210.
The germicidal lamp 290 is a preferably UV-C lamp that preferably emits viewable light and radiation (in combination referred to as radiation or light 280) having wavelength of about 254 nm. This wavelength is effective in diminishing or destroying bacteria, germs, and viruses to which it is exposed. Lamps 290 are commercially available. For example, the lamp 290 may be a Phillips model TUV 15W/G15 T8, a 15 W tubular lamp measuring about 25 mm in diameter by about 43 cm in length. Another suitable lamp is the Phillips TUV 8WG8 T6, an 8 W lamp measuring about 15 mm in diameter by about 29 cm in length. Other lamps that emit the desired wavelength can instead be used.
FIGS. 5A-5B
As previously mentioned, one role of the housing 210 is to prevent an individual from viewing, by way of example, ultraviolet (UV) radiation generated by a germicidal lamp 290 disposed within the housing 210. FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate preferred locations of the germicidal lamp 290 within the housing 210. FIGS. 5A-5B further show the spatial relationship between the germicidal lamp 290 and the electrode assembly 220, the germicidal lamp 290 and the inlet 250, and the outlet 260 and the inlet and outlet louvers.
In a preferred embodiment, the inner surface 211 of the housing 210 diffuses or absorbs the UV light emitted from the lamp 290. FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate that the lamp 290 does emit some light 280 directly onto the inner surface 211 of the housing 210. By way of example only, the inner surface 211 of the housing 210 can be formed with a non-smooth finish, or a non-light reflecting finish or color, to also prevent the UV-C radiation from exiting through either the inlet 250 or the outlet 260. The UV portion of the radiation 280 striking the wall 211 will be absorbed and disbursed as indicated above.
As discussed above, the fins 212 covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 also limit any line of sight of the user into the housing 210. The fins 212 are vertically oriented within the inlet 250 and the outlet 260. The depth D of each fin 212 is preferably deep enough to prevent an individual from directly viewing the interior wall 211. In a preferred embodiment, an individual cannot directly view the inner surface 211 by moving from side-to-side, while looking into the outlet 260 or the inlet 250. Looking between the fins 212 and into the housing 210 allows an individual to “see through” the device 200. That is, a user can look into the inlet vent 250 or the outlet vent 260 and see out of the other vent. It is to be understood that it is acceptable to see light or a glow coming from within housing 210, if the light has a non-UV wavelength that is acceptable for viewing. In general, a user viewing into the inlet 250 or the outlet 260 may be able to notice a light or glow emitted from within the housing 210. This light is acceptable to view. In general, when the radiation 280 strikes the interior surface 211 of the housing 210, the radiation 280 is shifted from its UV spectrum. The wavelength of the radiation changes from the UV spectrum into an appropriate viewable spectrum. Thus, any light emitted from within the housing 210 is appropriate to view.
As also discussed above, the housing 210 is designed to optimize the reduction of microorganisms within the airflow. The efficacy of radiation 280 upon microorganisms depends upon the length of time such organisms are subjected to the radiation 280. Thus, the lamp 290 is preferably located within the housing 210 where the airflow is the slowest. In preferred embodiments, the lamp 290 is disposed within the housing 210 along line A-A (see FIGS. 5A-7). Line A-A designates the largest width and cross-sectional area of the housing 210, perpendicular to the airflow. The housing 210 creates a fixed volume for the air to pass through. In operation, air enters the inlet 250, which has a smaller width, and cross-sectional area, than along line A-A. Since the width and cross-sectional area of the housing 210 along line A-A are larger than the width and cross-sectional area of the inlet 250, the airflow will decelerate from the inlet 250 to the line A-A. By placing the lamp 290 substantially along line A-A, the air will have the longest dwell time as it passes through the radiation 280 emitted by the lamp 290. In other words, the microorganisms within the air will be subjected to the radiation 280 for the longest period possible by placing the lamp 290 along line A-A. It is, however, within the scope of the present invention to locate the lamp 290 anywhere within the housing 210, preferably upstream of the electrode assembly 220.
A shell or housing 270 substantially surrounds the lamp 290. The shell 270 prevents the light 280 from shining directly towards the inlet 250 or the outlet 260. In a preferred embodiment, the interior surface of the shell 270 that faces the lamp 290 is a non-reflective surface. By way of example only, the interior surface of the shell 270 may be a rough surface, or painted a dark, non-gloss color such as black. The lamp 290, as shown in FIGS. 5A-5B, is a circular tube parallel to the housing 210. In a preferred embodiment, the lamp 290 is substantially the same length as, or shorter than, the fins 212 covering the inlet 250 and outlet 260. The lamp 290 emits the light 280 outward in a 360° pattern. The shell 270 blocks the portion of the light 280 emitted directly towards the inlet 250 and the outlet 260. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, there is no direct line of sight through the inlet 250 or the outlet 260 that would allow a person to view the lamp 290. Alternatively, the shell 270 can have an internal reflective surface in order to reflect radiation into the air stream.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5A, the lamp 290 is located along the side of the housing 210 and near the inlet 250. After the air passes through the inlet 250, the air is immediately exposed to the light 280 emitted by the lamp 290. An elongated “U”-shaped shell 270 substantially encloses the lamp 290. The shell 270 has two mounts to support and electrically connect the lamp 290 to the power supply.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5B, the shell 270 comprises two separate surfaces. The wall 274a is located between the lamp 290 and the inlet 250. The first wall 274a is preferably “U”-shaped, with the concave surface facing the lamp 290. The convex surface of the wall 274a is preferably a non-reflective surface. Alternatively, the convex surface of the wall 274a may reflect the light 280 outward toward the passing airflow. The wall 274a is integrally formed with the removable rear panel 224. When the rear panel 224 is removed from the housing 210, the wall 274a is also removed, exposing the germicidal lamp 290. The germicidal lamp 290 is easily accessible in order to, as an example, replace the lamp 290 when it expires.
The wall 274b, as shown in FIG. 5B, is “V”-shaped. The wall 274b is located between the lamp 290 and the electrode assembly 220 to prevent a user from directly looking through the outlet 260 and viewing the UV radiation emitted from the lamp 290. In a preferred embodiment, the wall 274b is also anon-reflective surface. Alternatively, the wall 274b maybe a reflective surface to reflect the light 280. It is within the scope of the present invention for the wall 274b to have other shapes such as, but not limited to, “U”-shaped or “C”-shaped.
The shell 270 may also have fins 272. The fins 272 are spaced apart and preferably substantially perpendicular to the passing airflow. In general, the fins 272 further prevent the light 280 from shining directly towards the inlet 250 and the outlet 260. The fins have a black or non-reflective surface. Alternatively, the fins 272 may have a reflective surface. Fins 272 with a reflective surface may shine more light 280 onto the passing airflow because the light 280 will be repeatedly reflected and not absorbed by a black surface. The shell 270 directs the radiation towards the fins 272, maximizing the light emitted from the lamp 290 for irradiating the passing airflow. The shell 270 and fins 272 direct the radiation 280 emitted from the lamp 290 in a substantially perpendicular orientation to the crossing airflow traveling through the housing 210. This prevents the radiation 280 from being emitted directly towards the inlet 250 or the outlet 260.
FIG. 6
FIG. 6 illustrates yet another embodiment of the device 200. The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is a smaller, more portable, desk version of the air transporter-conditioner. Air is brought into the housing 210 through the inlet 250, as shown by the arrows marked “IN.” The inlet 250 in this embodiment is an air chamber having multiple vertical slots 251 located along each side. In this embodiment, the slots are divided across the direction of the airflow into the housing 210. The slots 251 preferably are spaced apart a similar distance as the fins 212 in the previously described embodiments, and are substantially the same height as the side walls of the air chamber. In operation, air enters the housing 210 by entering the chamber 250 and then exiting the chamber 250 through the slots 251. The air contacts the interior wall 211 of the housing 210 and continues to travel through the housing 210 towards the outlet 260. Since the rear wall 253 of the chamber is a solid wall, the device 200 only requires a single non-reflective housing 270 located between the germicidal lamp 290 and the electrode assembly 220 and the outlet 260. The housing 270 in FIG. 6 is preferably “U”-shaped, with the convex surface 270a facing the germicidal lamp 290. The surface 270a directs the light 280 toward the interior surface 211 of the housing 210 and maximizes the disbursement of radiation into the passing airflow. It is within the scope of the invention for the surface 270 to comprise other shapes such as, but not limited to, a “V”-shaped surface, or to have the concave surface 270b face the lamp 290. Also in other embodiments the housing 270 can have a reflective surface in order to reflect radiation into the air stream. Similar to the previous embodiments, the air passes the lamp 290 and is irradiated by the light 280 soon after the air enters the housing 210, and prior to reaching the electrode assembly 220.
FIGS. 5A-6 illustrate embodiments of the electrode assembly 220. The electrode assembly 220 comprises a first emitter electrode array 230 and a second particle collector electrode array 240, which is preferably located downstream of the germicidal lamp 290. The specific configurations of the electrode array 220 are discussed below, and it is to be understood that any of the electrode assembly configurations discussed below maybe used in the device depicted in FIGS. 2A-6 and FIGS. 9-12. It is the electrode assembly 220 that creates ions and causes the air to flow electro-kinetically between the first emitter electrode array 230 and the second collector electrode array 240. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5A-6, the first array 230 comprises two wire-shaped electrodes 232, while the second array 240 comprises three “U”-shaped electrodes 242. Each “U”-shaped electrode has a nose 246 and two trailing sides 244. It is within the scope of the invention for the first array 230 and the second array 240 to include electrodes having other shapes as mentioned above and described below.
Electrical Circuit for the Electro-Kinetic Device
FIG. 7
FIG. 7 illustrates an electrical block diagram for the electro-kinetic device 200, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device 200 has an electrical power cord that plugs into a common electrical wall socket that provides a nominal 110 VAC. An electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter 110 is placed across the incoming nominal 110 VAC line to reduce and/or eliminate high frequencies generated by the various circuits within the device 200, such as an electronic ballast 112. The electronic ballast 112 is electrically connected to the germicidal lamp 290 to regulate, or control, the flow of current through the lamp 290. A switch 218 is used to turn the lamp 290 on or off. Electrical components such as the EMI Filter 110 and electronic ballast 112 are well known in the art and do not require a further description.
A DC Power Supply 114 is designed to receive the incoming nominal 110 VAC and to output a first DC voltage (e.g., 160 VDC) for the high voltage generator 170. The first DC voltage (e.g., 160 VDC) is also stepped down through a resistor network to a second DC voltage (e.g., about 12 VDC) that the micro-controller unit (MCU) 130 can monitor without being damaged. The MCU 130 can be, for example, a Motorola 68HC908 series micro-controller, available from Motorola. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the MCU 130 monitors the stepped down voltage (e.g., about 12 VDC), which is labeled the AC voltage sense signal in FIG. 7, to determine if the AC line voltage is above or below the nominal 110 VAC, and to sense changes in the AC line voltage. For example, if a nominal 110 VAC increases by 10% to 121 VAC, then the stepped-down DC voltage will also increase by 10%. The MCU 130 can sense this increase and then reduce the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulses to maintain the output power (provided to the high-voltage generator 170) to be the same as when the line voltage is at 110 VAC. Conversely, when the line voltage drops, the MCU 130 can sense this decrease and appropriately increase the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulses to maintain a constant output power. Such voltage adjustment features of the present invention also enable the same unit 200 to be used in different countries that have different nominal voltages than in the United States (e.g., in Japan the nominal AC voltage is 100 VAC).
The high-voltage pulse generator 170 is coupled between the first electrode array 230 and the second electrode array 240, to provide a potential difference between the arrays. Each array can include one or more electrodes. The high-voltage pulse generator 170 maybe implemented in many ways. In the embodiment shown, the high-voltage pulse generator 170 includes an electronic switch 126, a step-up transformer 116 and a voltage doubler 118. The primary side of the step-up transformer 116 receives the first DC voltage (e.g., 160 VDC) from the DC power supply. An electronic switch receives low-voltage pulses (of perhaps 20-25 KHz frequency) from the micro-controller unit (MCU) 130. Such a switch is shown as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) 126. The IGBT 126, or other appropriate switch, couples the low-voltage pulses from the MCU 130 to the input winding of the step-up transformer 116. The secondary winding of the transformer 116 is coupled to the voltage doubler 118, which outputs the high-voltage pulses to the first and second electrode arrays 230 and 240. In general, the IGBT 126 operates as an electronic on/off switch. Such a transistor is well known in the art and does not require a further description.
When driven, the generator 170 receives the low-input DC voltage (e.g., 160 VDC) from the DC power supply 114 and the low-voltage pulses from the MCU 130, and generates high-voltage pulses of preferably at least 5 KV peak-to-peak with a repetition rate of about 20 to 25 KHz. Preferably, the voltage doubler 118 outputs about 6 to 9 KV to the first array 230, and about 12 to 18 KV to the second array 240. It is within the scope of the present invention for the voltage doubler 118 to produce greater or smaller voltages. The high-voltage pulses preferably have a duty cycle of about 10%-15%, but may have other duty cycles, including a 100% duty cycle.
The MCU 130 receives an indication of whether the control dial 214 is set to the LOW, MEDIUM or HIGH airflow setting. The MCU 130 controls the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulse signal provided to switch 126, to thereby control the airflow output of the device 200, based on the setting of the control dial 214. To increase the airflow output, the MCU 130 can increase the pulse width, frequency and/or duty cycle. Conversely, to decrease the airflow output rate, the MCU 130 can reduce the pulse width, frequency and/or duty cycle. In accordance with an embodiment, the low-voltage pulse signal (provided from the MCU 130 to the high-voltage generator 170) can have a fixed pulse width, frequency and duty cycle for the LOW setting, another fixed pulse width, frequency and duty cycle for the MEDIUM setting, and a further fixed pulse width, frequency and duty cycle for the HIGH setting. However, depending on the setting of the control dial 214, the above-described embodiment may produce too much ozone (e.g., at the HIGH setting) or too little airflow output (e.g., at the LOW setting). Accordingly, a more elegant solution, described below, is preferred.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the low-voltage pulse signal created by the MCU 130 modulates between a “high” airflow signal and a “low” airflow signal, with the control dial setting specifying the durations of the “high” airflow signal and/or the “low” airflow signal. This will produce an acceptable airflow output, while limiting ozone production to acceptable levels, regardless of whether the control dial 214 is set to HIGH, MEDIUM or LOW. For example, the “high” airflow signal can have a pulse width of 5 microseconds and a period of 40 microseconds (i.e., a 12.5 % duty cycle), and the “low” airflow signal can have a pulse width of 4 microseconds and a period of 40 microseconds (i.e., a 10% duty cycle). When the control dial 214 is set to HIGH, the MCU 130 outputs a low-voltage pulse signal that modulates between the “low” airflow signal and the “high” airflow signal, with, for example, the “high” airflow signal being output for 2.0 seconds, followed by the “low” airflow signal being output for 8.0 seconds. When the control dial 214 is set to MEDIUM, the “low” airflow signal can be increased to, for example, 16 seconds (e.g., the low voltage pulse signal will include the “high” airflow signal for 2.0 seconds, followed by the “low” airflow signal for 16 seconds). When the control dial 214 is set to LOW, the “low” airflow signal can be further increased to, for example, 24 seconds (e.g., the low voltage pulse signal will include a “high” airflow signal for 2.0 seconds, followed by the “low” airflow signal for 24 seconds).
Alternatively, or additionally, the frequency of the low-voltage pulse signal (used to drive the transformer 116) can be adjusted to distinguish between the LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH settings.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, when the control dial 214 is set to HIGH, the electrical signal output from the MCU 130, modulating between the “high” and “low” airflow signals, will continuously drive the high-voltage generator 170. When the control dial 214 is set to MEDIUM, the electrical signal output from the MCU 130 will cyclically drive the high-voltage generator a further predetermined amount of time (e.g., a further 25 seconds). Thus, the overall airflow rate through the device 200 is slower when the dial 214 is set to MEDIUM than when the control dial 214 is set to HIGH. When the control dial 214 is set to LOW, the signal from the MCU 130 will cyclically drive the high-voltage generator 170 for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 25 seconds), and then drop to a zero or a lower voltage for a longer time period (e.g., 75 seconds). It is within the scope and spirit of the present invention that the HIGH, MEDIUM, and LOW settings will drive the high-voltage generator 170 for longer or shorter periods of time.
The MCU 130 provides the low-voltage pulse signal, including “high” airflow signals and “low” airflow signals, to the high-voltage generator 170, as described above. By way of example, the “high” airflow signal causes the voltage doubler 118 to provide 9 KV to the first array 230, while 18 KV is provided to the second array 240; and the “low” airflow signal causes the voltage doubler 118 to provide 6 KV to the first array 230, while 12 KV is provided to the second array 240. The voltage difference between the first array 230 and the second array 240 is proportional to the actual airflow output rate of the device 200. In general, a greater voltage differential is created between the first and second array by the “high” airflow signal. It is within the scope of the present invention for the MCU 130 and the high-voltage generator 170 to produce other voltage potential differentials between the first and second arrays 230 and 240. The various circuits and components comprising the high voltage pulse generator 170 can, for example, be fabricated on a printed circuit board mounted within housing 210. The MCU 130 can be located on the same or a different circuit board.
As mentioned above, device 200 includes a boost button 216. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, when the MCU 130 detects that the boost button 216 has been depressed, the MCU 130 drives the high-voltage generator 170 as if the control dial 214 was set to the HIGH setting for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 5 minutes), even if the control dial 214 is set to LOW or MEDIUM (in effect overriding the setting specified by the dial 214). This will cause the device 200 to run at a maximum airflow rate for the boost time period (e.g., a 5 minute period). Alternatively, the MCU 130 can drive the high-voltage generator 170 to even further increase the ozone and particle capture rate for the boost time period. For example, the MCU 130 can continually provide the “high” airflow signal to the high-voltage generator 170 for the entire boost time period, thereby creating increased amounts of ozone. The increased amounts of ozone will reduce the odor in a room faster than if the device 200 was set to HIGH. The maximum airflow rate will also increase the particle capture rate of the device 200. In a preferred embodiment, pressing the boost button 216 will increase the airflow rate and ozone production continuously for 5 minutes. This time period maybe longer or shorter. At the end of the preset time period (e.g., 5 minutes), the device 200 will return to the airflow rate previously selected by the control dial 214.
The MCU 130 can provide various timing and maintenance features. For example, the MCU 130 can provide a cleaning reminder feature (e.g., a 2-week timing feature) that provides a reminder to clean the device 200 (e.g., by causing indicator light 219 to turn on amber, and/or by triggering an audible alarm (not shown) that produces a buzzing or beeping noise). The MCU 130 can also provide arc sensing, suppression and indicator features, as well as the ability to shut down the high-voltage generator 170 in the case of continued arcing. These and other features are described in additional detail below.
Arc Sensing and Suppression
FIG. 8
The flow diagram of FIG. 8 is used to describe embodiments of the present invention that sense and suppress arcing between the first electrode array 230 and the second electrode array 240. The process begins at step 802, which can be when the function dial is turned from “OFF” to “ON” or “GP/ON.” At a step 804, an arcing threshold is set, based on the airflow setting specified (by a user) using the control dial 214. For example, there can be a high threshold, a medium threshold and a low threshold. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, these thresholds are current thresholds, but it is possible that other thresholds, such as voltage thresholds, can be used. At a step 806, an arc count is initialized. At a step 807 a sample count is initialized.
At a step 808, a current associated with the electro-kinetic system is periodically sampled (e.g., one every 10 msec) to produce a running average current value. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the MCU 130 performs this step by sampling the current at the emitter of the IGBT 126 of the high-voltage generator 170 (see FIG. 7). The running average current value can be determined by averaging a sampled value with a previous number of samples (e.g., with the previous three samples). A benefit of using averages, rather than individual values, is that averaging has the effect of filtering out and thereby reducing false arcing detections. However, in alternative embodiments no averaging is used.
At a next step 810, the average current value determined at step 808 is compared to the threshold value, which was specified at step 804. If the average current value does not equal or exceed the threshold value (i.e., if the answer to step 810 is NO), then there is a determination at step 822 of whether the threshold has not been exceeded during a predetermined amount of time (e.g., over the past 60 seconds). If the answer to step 822 is NO (i.e., if the threshold has been exceeded during the past 60 seconds), then flow returns to step 808, as shown. If the answer to step 822 is YES, then there is an assumption that the cause for any previous arcing is no longer present, and flow returns to step 806 and the arc count and the sample count are both reinitialized. Returning to step 810, if the average current value reaches the threshold, then it is assumed that arcing has been detected (because arcing will cause an increase in the current), and the sample count is incremented at a step 812.
The sample count is then compared to a sample count threshold (e.g., the sample count threshold=30) at a step 814. Assuming, for example, a sample count threshold of 30, and a sample frequency of 10 msec, then the sample count equaling the sample count threshold corresponds to an accumulated arcing time of 300 msec (i.e., 10 msec*30=300 msec). If the sample count has not reached the sample count threshold (i.e., if the answer to step 814 is NO), then flow returns to step 808. If the sample count equals the sample count threshold, then the MCU 130 temporarily shuts down the high-voltage generator 170 (e.g., by not driving the generator 170) for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 80 seconds) at a step 816, to allow a temporary condition causing the arcing to potentially go away. For examples: temporary humidity may have caused the arcing; or an insect temporarily caught between the electrode arrays 230 and 240 may have caused the arcing. Additionally, the arc count is incremented at step 818.
At a step 820, there is a determination of whether the arc count has reached the arc count threshold (e.g., the arc count threshold=3), which would indicate unacceptable continued arcing. Assuming, for example, a sample count threshold of 30, and a sample frequency of 10 msec, and an arc count threshold of 3, then the arc count equaling the arc count threshold corresponds to an accumulated arcing time of 900 msec (i.e., 3*10 msec*30=900 msec). If the arc count has not reached the arc count threshold (i.e., if the answer to step 820 is NO), then flow returns to step 807, where the sample count is reset to zero, as shown. If the arc count equals the arc count threshold (i.e., if the answer to step 820 is YES), then the high-voltage generator 170 is shut down at step 824, to prevent continued arcing from damaging the device 200 or producing excessive ozone. At this point, the MCU 130 causes the overload/cleaning light 219 to light up red, thereby notifying the user that the device 200 has been “shut down.” The term “shut down,” in this respect, means that the MCU 130 stops driving the high-voltage generator 170, and thus the device 200 stops producing ion and ozone containing airflow. However, even after “shut down,” the MCU 130 continues to operate.
Once the device 200 is shut down at step 824, the MCU 130 will not again drive the high voltage generator 170 until the device 200 is reset. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the device 200 can be reset by turning it off and back on (e.g., by turning function dial 218 to “OFF” and then to “ON” or “ON/GP”), which will in effect re-initialize the counters at step 806 and 807. Alternatively, or additionally, the device 200 includes a sensor, switch, or other similar device, that is triggered by the removal of the second electrode array 240 (presumably for cleaning) and/or by the replacement of the second electrode array 240. The device can alternately or additionally include a reset button or switch. The sensor, switch, reset button/switch or other similar device, provides a signal to the MCU 130 regarding the removal and/or replacement of the second electrode array 240, causing the MCU 130 to re-initialize the counters (at step 806 and 807) and again drive the high voltage generator 170.
Arcing can occur, for example, because a carbon path is produced between the first electrode array 230 and the second electrode array 240, e.g., due to a moth or other insect that got caught in the device 200. Assuming the first and/or second electrode arrays 230 and 240 are appropriately cleaned prior to the device 200 being reset, the device should operate normally after being reset. However, if the arc-causing condition (e.g., the carbon path) persists after the device 200 is reset, then the features described with reference to FIG. 8 will quickly detect the arcing and again shut down the device 200.
More generally, embodiments of the present invention provide for temporary shut down of the high voltage generator 170 to allow for a temporary arc-creating condition to potentially go away, and for a continued shut down of the high-voltage generator 170 if the arcing continues for an unacceptable duration. This enables the device 200 to continue to provide desirable quantities of ions and ozone (as well as airflow) following temporary arc-creating conditions. This also provides for a safety shut down in the case of continued arcing.
In accordance with alternative embodiments of the present invention, at step 816 rather than temporarily shutting down the high-voltage generator 170 for a predetermined amount of time, the power is temporarily lowered. The MCU 130 can accomplish this by appropriately adjusting the signal that it uses to drive the high-voltage generator 170. For example, the MCU 130 can reduce the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulse signal provided to switch 126 for a pre-determined amount of time before returning the low-voltage pulse signal to the level specified according to the setting of the control dial 214. This has the effect of reducing the potential difference between the arrays 230 and 240 for the predetermined amount of time.
It would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that some of the steps in the flow diagram of FIG. 8 need not be performed in the exact order shown. For example, the order of steps 818 and 816 can be reversed or these steps can be performed simultaneously. However, it would also be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that some of the steps should be performed before others. This is because certain steps use the results of other steps. The point is, the order of the steps is typically only important where a step uses results of another step. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the relevant art would appreciate that embodiments of the present invention should not be limited to the exact orders shown in the figures. Additionally, one of ordinary skill in the relevant art would appreciate that embodiments of the present invention can be implemented using subgroups of the steps that are shown in the figures.
In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, rather than periodically sampling a current or voltage associated with the electro-kinetic system at step 808, the MCU 130 can more continually monitor or sample the current or voltage associated with the electro-kinetic system so that even narrow transient spikes (e.g., of about 1 msec. in duration) resulting from arcing can be detected. In such embodiments, the MCU 130 can continually compare an arc-sensing signal to an arcing threshold (similar to step 810). For example, when the arc-sensing signal reaches or exceeds the arcing threshold, a triggering event occurs that causes the MCU 130 to react (e.g., by incrementing a count, as instep 812). If the arcing threshold is exceeded more than a predetermined number of times (e.g., once, twice or three times, etc.) within a predetermined amount of time, then the unit 200 is temporarily shut down (similar to steps 810-816). If arcing is not detected for a predetermined amount of time, then an arcing count can be reset (similar to step 822). Thus, the flow chart of FIG. 8 applies to these event type (e.g., by interrupt) monitoring embodiments.
Other Electrode Configurations
In practice, unit 200 is placed in a room and connected to an appropriate source of operating potential, typically 110 VAC. The energizing ionization unit 200 emits ionized air and ozone via outlet vents 260. The airflow, coupled with the ions and ozone, freshens the air in the room, and the ozone can beneficially destroy or at least diminish the undesired effects of certain odors, bacteria, germs, and the like. The airflow is indeed electro-kinetically produced, in that there are no intentionally moving parts within the unit. (Some mechanical vibration may occur within the electrodes.)
In the various embodiments, electrode assembly 220 comprises a first array 230 of at least one electrode or conductive surface, and further comprises a second array 240 of at least one electrode or conductive surface. Material(s) for electrodes, in one embodiment, conduct electricity, are resistant to corrosive effects from the application of high voltage, yet strong enough to be cleaned.
In the various electrode assemblies to be described herein, electrode(s) 232 in the first electrode array 230 can be fabricated, for example, from tungsten. Tungsten is sufficiently robust in order to withstand cleaning, has a high melting point to retard breakdown due to ionization, and has a rough exterior surface that seems to promote efficient ionization. On the other hand, electrode(s) 242 in the second electrode array 240 can have a highly polished exterior surface to minimize unwanted point-to-point radiation. As such, electrode(s) 242 can be fabricated, for example, from stainless steel and/or brass, among other materials. The polished surface of electrode(s) 242 also promotes ease of electrode cleaning.
The electrodes can be lightweight, easy to fabricate, and lend themselves to mass production. Further, electrodes described herein promote more efficient generation of ionized air, and appropriate amounts of ozone (indicated in several of the figures as O3).
Various electrode configurations for use in the device 200 are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/074,082, filed Feb. 12, 2002, entitled “Electro-Kinetic Air Transporter-Conditioner Devices with an Upstream Focus Electrode,” incorporated herein by reference, and in the related application mentioned above.
In one embodiment, the positive output terminal of high-voltage generator 170 is coupled to first electrode array 230, and the negative output terminal is coupled to second electrode array 240. It is believed that with this arrangement the net polarity of the emitted ions is positive, e.g., more positive ions than negative ions are emitted. This coupling polarity has been found to work well, including minimizing unwanted audible electrode vibration or hum. However, while generation of positive ions is conducive to a relatively silent airflow, from a health standpoint, it is desired that the output airflow be richer in negative ions, not positive ions. It is noted that in some embodiments, one port (such as the negative port) of the high voltage pulse generator 170 can in fact be the ambient air. Thus, electrodes in the second array need not be connected to the high-voltage pulse generator using a wire. Nonetheless, there will be an “effective connection” between the second array electrodes and one output port of the high-voltage pulse generator, in this instance, via ambient air. Alternatively the negative output terminal of the high-voltage pulse generator 170 can be connected to the first electrode array 230 and the positive output terminal can be connected to the second electrode array 240. In either embodiment, the high-voltage generator 170 will produce a potential difference between the first electrode array 230 and the second electrode array 240.
When voltage or pulses from high-voltage pulse generator 170 are coupled across first and second electrode arrays 230 and 240, a plasma-like field is created surrounding electrodes in first array 230. This electric field ionizes the ambient air between the first and second electrode arrays and establishes an “OUT” airflow that moves towards the second array.
Ozone and ions are generated simultaneously by the first array electrodes 230, essentially as a function of the potential from generator 170 coupled to the first array of electrodes or conductive surfaces. Ozone generation can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the potential at the first array. Coupling an opposite polarity potential to the second array electrodes 240 essentially accelerates the motion of ions generated at the first array, producing the out airflow. As the ions and ionized particulate move toward the second array, the ions and ionized particles push or move air molecules toward the second array. The relative velocity of this motion may be increased, by way of example, by decreasing the potential at the second array relative to the potential at the first array.
For example, if +10 KV were applied to the first array electrode(s), and no potential were applied to the second array electrode(s), a cloud of ions (whose net charge is positive) would form adjacent the first electrode array. Further, the relatively high 10 KV potential would generate substantial ozone. By coupling a relatively negative potential to the second array electrode(s), the velocity of the air mass moved by the net emitted ions increases.
On the other hand, if it were desired to maintain the same effective outflow (OUT) velocity, but to generate less ozone, the exemplary 10 KV potential could be divided between the electrode arrays. For example, generator 170 could provide +4 KV (or some other fraction) to the first array electrodes and −6 KV (or some other fraction) to the second array electrodes. In this example, it is understood that the +4 KV and the −6 KV are measured relative to ground. Understandably it is desired that the unit 200 operates to output appropriate amounts of ozone. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the high voltage is fractionalized with about +4 KV applied to the first array electrodes and about −6 KV applied to the second array electrodes.
In one embodiment, electrode assembly 220 comprises a first array 230 of wire-shaped electrodes, and a second array 240 of generally “U”-shaped electrodes 242. In some embodiments, the number N1 of electrodes comprising the first array 230 can differ by one relative to the number N2 of electrodes comprising the second array 240. In many of the embodiments shown, N2>N1. However, if desired, additional first electrodes could be added at the outer ends of the array such that N1>N2, e.g., five first electrodes compared to four second electrodes.
As previously indicated, first or emitter electrodes 232 can be lengths of tungsten wire, whereas collector electrodes 242 can be formed from sheet metal, such as stainless steel, although brass or other sheet metal could be used. The sheet metal can be readily configured to define side regions and bulbous nose region, forming a hollow, elongated “U”-shaped electrodes, for example.
In one embodiment, the spaced-apart configuration between the first and second arrays 230 and 240 is staggered. Each first array electrode 232 can be substantially equidistant from two second array electrodes 242. This symmetrical staggering has been found to be an efficient electrode placement. The staggering geometry can be symmetrical in that adjacent electrodes in one plane and adjacent electrodes in a second plane are spaced-apart a constant distance, Y1 and Y2 respectively. However, a non-symmetrical configuration could also be used. Also, it is understood that the number of electrodes may differ from what is shown.
In one embodiment ionization occurs as a function of high-voltage electrodes. For example, increasing the peak-to-peak voltage amplitude and the duty cycle of the pulses from the high-voltage pulse generator 170 can increase ozone content in the output flow of ionized air.
In one embodiment, the second electrodes 242 can include a trail electrode pointed region which help produce the output of negative ions. In one embodiment the electrodes of the second array 242 of electrodes is “U”-shaped. In one embodiment a single pair of “L”-shaped electrode(s) in cross section can be additionally used.
In one embodiment, the electrodes assembly 220 has a focus electrode(s). The focus electrodes can produce an enhanced air flow exiting the devices. The focus electrode can have a shape that does not have sharp edges manufactured from a material that will not erode or oxides existing with steel. In one embodiment, the diameter of the focus electrode is 15 times greater than the diameter of the first electrode. The diameter of the focus electrode can be selected such that the focus electrode does not function as an ion-generating surface. In one embodiment, the focus electrodes are electrically connected to the first array 230. Focus electrodes help direct the air flow toward the second electrode for guiding it towards particles towards the trailing sides of the second electrode.
The focus electrodes can be “U” or “C”-shaped with holes extending therethrough to minimize the resistance of the focus electrode on the air flow rate. In one embodiment, the electrode assembly 220 has a pin-ring electrode assembly. The pin-ring electrode assembly includes a pin, cone or triangle shaped, first electrode and a ring-shaped second electrode (with an opening) down-stream of the first electrode.
The system can use an additional downstream trailing electrode. The trailing electrode can be aerodynamically smooth so as not to interfere with the air flow. The trailing electrodes can have a negative electrical charge to reduce positively charged particles in the air flow. Trailing electrodes can also be floating or set to ground. Trailing electrodes can act as a second surface to collect positively-charged particles. Trailing electrodes can also reflect charged particles towards the second electrodes 242. The trailing electrodes can also emit a small amount of negative ions into the air flow which can neutralize the positive ions emitted by the first electrodes 232.
The assembly can also use interstitial electrodes positioned between the second electrodes 242. The interstitial electrodes can float, be set to ground, or be put at a positive high voltage, such as a portion of the first electrode voltage. The interstitial electrodes can deflect particulate towards the second electrodes.
The first electrodes 232 can be made slack, kinked or coiled in order to increase the amount of ions emitted by the first electrode array 230. Additional details about all of the above-described electrode configurations are provided in the above-mentioned applications, which have been incorporated herein by reference.
FIG. 9 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the housing 210 is made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp 290 is located within the housing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. The housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250, and at least one air outlet 260. Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214, respectively. The fins 212,214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A) of the housing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the device also includes an impeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise. The fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through an opening 904 in the base of the device 200. Air drawn into the device 200 through the opening 904 is directed vertically upward between the emitter electrodes 230 and the air intake 250 at the rear of the housing 210. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, redirection of the intake air is caused by a guide 906. The interior of the housing 210 also includes a number of baffles 908 that are designed to direct the upward air flow caused by the fan 902 towards the air outlet 260. While FIG. 9 depicts redirection of the intake air belt caused by a guide, any convenient mechanism can be employed.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, multiple arched baffles 908 are depicted. However, in alternate embodiments more or fewer baffles 908 having varying shapes can be used. Additionally, in one embodiment, the device 200 may not include any baffles 908.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
FIG. 10 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the housing 210 is made from a lightweight material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp 290 is located within the housing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. In one embodiment, the housing 210 may be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. However, in alternative embodiments the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the housing 210 is aerodynamically oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. The housing 210 includes at least one air outlet 260. Covering the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 214. The fins 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow exiting the device 200. However, in alternate embodiments other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the back side 1002 of the housing 210 is substantially solid to restrict air flow into the device from the back side 1002 of the housing 210.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A) of the housing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the device also includes an impeller fan 902 that during operation produces very little, if any, noise. The fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through an opening 904 in the base of the device 200. Air drawn into the device 200 through the opening 904 is directed vertically upward between the emitter electrodes 230 and the back side 1002 of the housing 210. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, redirection of the intake air is caused by a guide 906. The interior of the housing 210 also includes a number of baffles 908 coupled with the back side 1002 of the housing 1002, that are designed to direct the upward air flow caused by the fan 902 and the guide 906 towards the air outlet 260.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, multiple arched baffles 908 are depicted. However, in alternate embodiments more or fewer baffles 908 having varying shapes can be used. Additionally, in one embodiment, the device 200 may not include any baffles 908.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
FIG. 11 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the housing 210 is made from a lightweight material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp 290 is located within the housing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the housing 210 may be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. However, it is within the scope of the present invention to manufacture the housing 210 from other UV appropriate materials.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. The housing 210 includes at least one air outlet 260.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the back side 1002 of the housing 210 is substantially solid to restrict air flow into the device from the back side 1002 of the housing 210.
Covering the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 214. The fins 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and thus in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow exiting the device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped, with the outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A) of the housing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the device also includes an impeller fan 902 that during operation produces very little, if any, noise. The fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through an opening 904 in the base of the device 200. Air drawn into the device 200 through the opening 904 is directed vertically upward between the emitter electrodes 230 and the back side 1002 of the housing 210. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, redirection of the intake air is caused by a guide 906. The interior of the housing 210 also includes a number of conduits 1102, 1104, 1106 designed to vertically distribute the upward air flow caused by the fan 902 and the guide 906.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, three semi-cylindrical conduits 1102, 1104, 1106 are depicted. However, in alternate embodiments more or fewer conduits 908 having varying shapes can be used. Additionally, in one embodiment, the device 200 may not include any conduits. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the conduits 1102, 1104, 1106 are each vertical. However, in alternate embodiments, the conduits may be angled or bent in any convenient manner to direct air flow.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
FIG. 12 is atop-down cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 11. FIG. 12 shows that the housing 210 contains emitter electrodes 230, collector electrodes 242 and three conduits 1102, 1104, 1106. Conduit 1106 is taller than conduit 1104 which is taller than conduit 1102. In this embodiment, the conduits divide the device 200 into upper, middle and lower air flow regions. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the conduits 1102, 1104, 1106 are vertical and have a semi-cylindrical shape. Each of conduits 1102, 1104, 1106 include a top deflector 1103, 1105, 1107 respectively which redirects air toward the collector electrode 242. However, in alternate embodiments the conduits 1102, 1104, 1106 may have any convenient shape and may be angled at any convenient angle. Additionally, the conduits 1102, 1104, 1106 may be bent or configured in any convenient manner to regulate the flow of air through the device 200. Still alternatively, for all the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 9-12, the air guide 906 can be eliminated and the collector electrode 242 can be as a baffle to divert the air flow from the fan 902 relative to the collector electrode 242.
FIG. 13 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A. As described above, the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp 290 is located within the housing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. The housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250, and at least one air outlet 260. Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 respectively. The fins 212, 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible. The housing 210 also includes at least one opening 1302 at the top of the device 200 which can be partially or fully covered.
From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A) of the housing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the device also includes an impeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise. The fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through an opening 904 in the base of the device 200. Air drawn into the device 200 through the opening 904 is directed vertically upward between the emitter electrodes 230 and the air intake 250 at the rear of the housing 210. Air drawn into the device 200 by the fan 902 is directed upward towards the opening 1302 at the top of the housing 210.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
FIG. 14 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A. As described above, the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp 290 is located within the housing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. The housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250, and at least one air outlet 260. Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 respectively. The fins 212, 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A) of the housing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the device also includes an impeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise. The fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250. Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards the outlet 260.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the fan 902 is a vertical paddle wheel type “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the fan 902 is driven by a motor 1402 which is operably coupled with a drive shaft 1404 of the fan 902 in any convenient manner. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
FIG. 15 is a top-down cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 14. FIGS. 14 and 15 show that the housing 210 contains emitter electrodes 230, collector electrodes 242, and a vertical fan 1402. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the fan 902 extends substantially from the top of the device 200 to the base of the device 200. However, in alternate embodiments the fan 902 may not extend the entire length of the device 2003. Additionally, in alternate embodiments various other drive mechanisms maybe used to drive the fan 902 and/or various other air movement mechanisms can be used.
FIG. 16 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A. As described above, the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp 290 is located within the housing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as TV-C. As described above, the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. The housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250, and at least one air outlet 260. Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 respectively. The fins 212, 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, the airflow is from the base of the housing 210 to the top of the housing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a dwell time within the housing 210 sufficient to neutralize the germs or virus by means of a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, the device also includes an impeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise. The fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250. Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed vertically towards the outlet 260, through the housing.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. This embodiment does not include emitter and collector electrodes. This embodiment advantageously has a self-contained UV lamp and an advantageous upstanding, elongated vertical form factor which takes up very little floor space. This embodiment can conveniently be positioned anywhere in a room as needed and does not interfere with the placement of other objects such as furniture.
FIG. 17 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A. As described above, the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp 290 is located within the housing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. The housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250, and at least one air outlet 260. Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 respectively. The fins 212, 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A) of the housing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the device also includes a plurality of impeller fans 902, which during operation produce very little noise. The fans 902 are designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250. Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards the outlet 260. In this particular embodiment, the fans are stacked vertically one on top of the other along the upstanding vertical length of the housing 210 adjacent to the inlet 250.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the fans 902 are “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the fans 902 are driven by micro-motors 1702. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan or fans can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
FIG. 18 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A. As described above, the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp 290 is located within the housing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 18, the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. The housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250, and at least one air outlet 260. Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214, respectively. The fins 212, 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 18, the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A) of the housing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 18, the device also includes impeller fans 902 which during operation produce very little noise. The fans 902 are designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250. Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards the outlet 260. The fans in this embodiment are configured in a manner similar to the fans in FIG. 17.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 18, the fans 902 are “whisper” fans 902 which make little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 18, the fans 902 are driven by micro-motors 1702. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 18, the emitter-collector system is a pin-ring electrode assembly, as described above with reference to FIG. 8. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 18, each pin-ring electrode assembly is horizontally aligned with a fan 902. In alternate embodiments, the pin-ring electrode assemblies may be located in any convenient location in the housing 210. Pin-ring electrodes are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,977, issued Jan. 23, 2001, entitled “ELECTRO-KINETIC AIR TRANSPORTER-CONDITIONER,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
FIG. 19 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A. As described above, the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp 290 is located within the housing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. The housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250, and at least one air outlet 260. Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214, respectively. The fins 212, 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A) of the housing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the device includes impeller fans 902 which during operation produce very little noise, but no emitter-collector arrays. The fans 902 are designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250. Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards the outlet 260.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the fans 902 are “whisper” fans 902 which make little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the fans 902 are driven by micro-motors 1702. The fans in this embodiment are configured in a manner similar to the fans in FIG. 17. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. This embodiment includes a UV source, but without emitter and collector electrodes. This embodiment has advantages similar to the embodiment of FIG. 16.
FIG. 20 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A. As described above, the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp 290 is located within the housing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 20, the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. The housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250, and at least one air outlet 260. Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214, respectively. The fins 212, 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 20, the airflow is from the base of the housing 210 to the top of the housing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a dwell time within the housing 210 sufficient to neutralize the germs or virus by means of a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 20, the device also includes an impeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise. The fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250. Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed vertically towards the outlet 260, through the housing.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 20, the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to the practitioner skilled in the art. Modifications and variations maybe made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the subject and spirit of the invention as defined by the following claims. Embodiments were chosen and described in order to best describe the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention, the various embodiments and with various modifications that are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. An air treatment apparatus, comprising:
housing having a bottom, a top, first side wall and a second side wall, the housing having:
(a) an axis extending between the bottom and the top;
(b) an inlet located adjacent to the first side wall; and
(c) an outlet located adjacent to the second side wall;
an elongated emitter electrode supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis;
an elongated collector electrode supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis, the collector electrode being movable between a first position and a second position relative to the housing;
a voltage generator operably coupled to the emitter electrode and the collector electrode, the voltage generator being operable to produce an electric field, the electric field being operable to cause a germicidal effect; and
at least one air movement mechanism supported by the housing, the air movement mechanism configured to cause air to move from the inlet through the outlet along a path which is substantially perpendicular to the axis.

2. The air treatment apparatus of claim 1, further including at least one airflow director, the airflow director being operable to direct air along the path.

3. The treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air movement mechanism includes a fan.

4. The air treatment apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second inlet located adjacent to the bottom of the housing.

5. The air treatment apparatus of claim 1, further including a germicidal light source operable to cause a germicidal effect other than the germicidal effect caused by the electric field.

6. The air treatment apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a base secured to the bottom of the housing.

7. The air treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the emitter electrode and the collector electrode at least partially create an ion and particle flow in a first direction toward the outlet, wherein the air movement mechanism directs a portion of the flow along the path.

8. An air treatment apparatus, comprising:
a housing having:
(a) a bottom and a top;
(b) an axis extending between the bottom and the top;
(c) an inlet; and
(d) an outlet;

an ion generator having:
i. an elongated first electrode supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis;
ii. an elongated second electrode supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis, the second electrode being movable between a first position and a second position relative to the housing; and
iii. a voltage generator operatively coupled to the first and second electrodes, the voltage generator being operable to produce an electric field, the electric field being operable to cause a germicidal effect; and

at least one air movement mechanism supported by the housing, the air movement mechanism configured to cause air to move from the inlet through the outlet along a path which is substantially perpendicular to the axis.

9. The air treatment apparatus of claim 8, further comprising at least one airflow director configured to direct at least a portion of the air moved through the outlet along the path.

10. The air treatment apparatus of claim 8, wherein the air movement mechanism includes a fan.

11. The air treatment apparatus of claim 8 further comprising, a germicidal light source supported by the housing, the germicidal light source being operable to cause a germicidal effect in addition to the germicidal effect of the electric field.

12. The air treatment apparatus of claim 8 wherein the first electrode includes at least one electrode with a characteristic selected from the group consisting of: (i) a tapered pin-shaped electrode that terminates in a pointed tip, (ii) a tapered pin-shaped electrode that terminates in a plurality of individual fibers, (iii) a plurality of concentric circles, (iv) a cylindrical shape, and (v) a wire.

13. The air treatment apparatus of claim 8, wherein the second electrode includes at least one electrode with a characteristic selected from the group consisting of:
i. an elongated cylindrical tube;
ii. a plurality of concentric circles; and
iii. an elongated plate shape.

14. The air treatment apparatus of claim 8, wherein the second electrode is downstream of the first electrode.

15. The air treatment apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a moisture-retaining element to place into the airflow at least one of the following characteristics selected from the group consisting of: (i) humidity, (ii) scent, and (iii) medicinal content.

16. An air treatment apparatus, comprising:
a housing including:
(a) a top and a bottom;
(b) an axis extending between the top and the bottom;
(c) an inlet; and
(d) an outlet;

an ion generator supportable by the housing, the ion generator further comprising:
i. a voltage generator, the voltage generator being operable to produce an electric field, the electric field being operable to cause a germicidal effect;
ii. an elongated first electrode electrically coupled to a first output port of the voltage generator, the first electrode being supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis; and
iii. an elongated second electrode electrically coupled to a second output port of the generator, the second electrode supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis, the second electrode being movable between a first position and a second position relative to the housing;

and
at least one air movement mechanism supported by the housing, the air movement mechanism configured to cause air to move from the inlet through the outlet along a path which is substantially perpendicular to the axis.

17. The air treatment apparatus of claim 16, further comprising: a moisture-retaining material configured to increase humidity of the air flow.

18. The air treatment apparatus of claim 16 further comprising a germicidal light source operable to produce a light, the light having a germicidal effect in addition to that caused by the electric field.

19. An air treatment apparatus, comprising:
a housing having a bottom, a top, a first side wall and a second side wall, the housing having:
(a) an axis extending between the bottom and the top;
(b) an inlet located adjacent to the first side wall; and
(c) an outlet located adjacent to the second side wall;

at least one emitter electrode supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis;
at least one collector electrode supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis, the collector electrode being movable between a first position and a second position relative to the housing;
a voltage generator operatively coupled to the emitter electrode and the collector electrode, the voltage generator being operable to produce an electric field, the electric field being operable to cause a germicidal effect;
a germicidal light source supported by the housing and operable to cause a germicidal effect in addition to the germicidal effect caused by the electric field; and
at least one air movement mechanism supported by the housing, the air movement mechanism configured to cause air to move from the inlet through the outlet along a path which is substantially perpendicular to the axis.

20. An air treatment apparatus, comprising:
a housing having a bottom and a top, the housing having:
(a) an axis extending between the bottom and the top;
(b) an inlet; and
(c) an outlet;

a wire first electrode supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis;
a removable second electrode supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis, the second electrode being movable between a first position and a second position relative to the housing;
a voltage generator operatively coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode, the voltage generator being operable to produce an electric field;
at least one air movement mechanism, the air movement mechanism being configured to cause air to move from the inlet through the outlet along a path substantially perpendicular to the axis; and
a germicidal area defined by the housing where a germicidal effect is producible, the effect being producible by an apparatus selected from the group consisting of: (i) a germicidal device; (ii) the electric field produced by the voltage generator; (iii) a germicidal light source supported by the housing; and (iv) a combination of the electric field and the germicidal light source.

21. The air treatment apparatus of claim 20, wherein the air movement mechanism includes a fan.

22. The air treatment apparatus of claim 20, including
at least one air flow director, the air flow director being operable to direct air along the path.

23. The air treatment apparatus of claim 20, further including a moisture-retaining material configured to increase humidity of the air flow.

24. An air treatment apparatus, comprising:
at least one electrical power line operable to carry electrical current;
a housing having:
(a) a bottom and a top;
(b) an axis extending between the bottom and the top;
(c) an inlet; and
(d) an outlet;

an emitter electrode supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis;
a collector electrode supportable by the housing so as to extend substantially parallel to the axis, the collector electrode being movable between a first position and a second position relative to the housing;
a voltage generator operatively coupled to: (i) the at least one electrical power line; (ii) the emitter electrode; and (iii) the collector electrode, the voltage generator operable to produce an electric field, the electric field being operable to cause a germicidal effect; and
an air movement mechanism supported by the housing, the air movement mechanism being operable to cause air to move from the inlet through the outlet along a path substantially perpendicular to the axis.

25. The air treatment apparatus of claim 24, wherein the air movement mechanism includes a fan.

26. The air treatment apparatus of claim 24, further including a germicidal light source operable to cause a germicidal effect in addition to the germicidal effect caused by the electric field.

27. The air treatment apparatus of claim 24, further including a moisture-retaining element to place into the airflow at least one of the following characteristics selected from the group consisting of: (i) humidity, (ii) scent, and (iii) medicinal content.