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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,

3 Plaintiff-Appellee,

4 v. No. 33,838

5 LEROY MILLER,

6 Defendant-Appellant.

7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SAN JUAN COUNTY

8 John A. Dean, Jr., District Judge

9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General 

10 Santa Fe, NM

11 for Appellee

12 Jorge A. Alvarado, Chief Public Defender

13 Will O’Connell, Assistant Appellate Defender

14 Santa Fe, NM

15 for Appellant

16 MEMORANDUM OPINION
2

1 WECHSLER, Judge.

2 {1} Defendant appeals from the denial of his motion to suppress following entry of

3 a no contest joint conditional plea and disposition agreement wherein he reserved the

4 right to bring this appeal. [RP 103] This Court issued a calendar notice proposing to

5 affirm the district court’s denial of Defendant’s motion to suppress. Defendant has

6 filed a memorandum in opposition to this Court’s notice of proposed disposition,

7 which we have duly considered. Unpersuaded, we affirm.

8 {2} In this Court’s calendar notice, we noted that “[l]aw enforcement officers must

9 give a suspect Miranda [v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)] warnings when the suspect

10 is the subject of a ‘custodial interrogation.’” [CN 3] We noted that, “[i]n order to

11 establish that an individual is in custody for Miranda purposes, ‘the court must apply

12 an objective test to resolve the ultimate inquiry: was there a formal arrest or restraint

13 of freedom of movement of the degree associated with a formal arrest.” [CN 3

14 (quoting State v. Wilson, 2007-NMCA-111, ¶ 23, 142 N.M. 737, 169 P.3d 1184)] We

15 proposed to conclude that the facts surrounding Defendant’s interaction with the

16 police were insufficient to rise to the level of a custodial interrogation. [CN 3-4] 

17 {3} In response, Defendant takes issues with this Court’s notice of proposed

18 disposition on the ground that he is not arguing that he was not properly advised of

19 his Miranda rights, but that the officers failed to get a valid waiver. [MIO 3] However,
3

1 we note that this distinction makes little difference if Miranda does not apply because

2 Defendant was not subject to a custodial interrogation.

3 {4} Defendant’s memorandum in opposition does not identify sufficient facts to

4 demonstrate that a custodial interrogation occurred. See, e.g., State v. Olivas, 2011-

5 NMCA-030, ¶¶ 11–12, 149 N.M. 498, 252 P.3d 722 (concluding that the defendant

6 was subject to a custodial interrogation after being handcuffed, placed in the back of

7 a marked police car, transported to the district attorney’s office, interrogated in a small

8 room with the door closed, where two officers were present at all times, and one sat

9 between the defendant and the door); State v. Bravo, 2006-NMCA-019, ¶¶ 12–13,

10 139 N.M. 93, 128 P.3d 1070 (holding that a two-hour interrogation did not constitute

11 a custodial interrogation when the accused drove to the police station in her own

12 vehicle, was not placed in handcuffs or told that she was under arrest, did not inform

13 the officers that she was tired during the two-hour interrogation, and was permitted

14 to drive home after the interrogation). We therefore conclude that Defendant has failed

15 to point out any actual errors in fact or in law with this Court’s notice of proposed

16 disposition. See Hennessy v. Duryea, 1998-NMCA-036, ¶ 24, 124 N.M. 754, 955 P.2d

17 683 (“Our courts have repeatedly held that, in summary calendar cases, the burden is

18 on the party opposing the proposed disposition to clearly point out errors in fact or

19 law.”).
4

1 {5} Moreover, to the extent Defendant continues to argue that the police

2 questioning him about possible criminal activity gave rise to a custodial interrogation,

3 as we pointed out in our calendar notice, this fact, without more, is insufficient to

4 constitute a custodial interrogation. Cf. State v. Sanchez, 2001-NMCA-109, ¶ 22, 131

5 N.M. 355, 36 P.3d 446 (stating that “[t]he roadside questioning of a motorist pursuant

6 to a routine traffic stop does not constitute custodial interrogation” (internal quotation

7 marks and citation omitted)); Armijo v. State ex rel. Transp. Dep’t, 1987-NMCA-052,

8 ¶ 6, 105 N.M. 771, 737 P.2d 552 (“Miranda warnings are required after a traffic stop

9 only if defendant can ‘demonstrate that, at any time between the initial stop and the

10 arrest, he was subjected to restraints comparable to those associated with a formal

11 arrest.’”(citation omitted)). 

12 {6} For the reasons stated above and in this Court’s notice of proposed disposition,

13 we affirm Defendant’s conviction.

14 {7} IT IS SO ORDERED.

15 ________________________________

16 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge

17 WE CONCUR:

18 ________________________________

19 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge
5

1 ________________________________

2 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge