Appendix N 

REFERENCES 
N-1

REFERENCES 

AMEC, 2001. Georgia Stormwater Management Manual, Volume 2, Technical Handbook, Chapter 3, 

Structural Stormwater Controls, AMEC Earth and Environmental Center for Watershed, 

Protection, August. 

Anderson, S.H., K. Mann, and H.H. Shugart, Jr. 1977. The Effect of Transmission-line Corridors on Bird 

Populations. In: The American Naturalist. 97(1). 

Applied Technology & Management, Inc. (ATM). 2002. Exhibit C: Soil and Sediment Chemistry 

Evaluation. Southern LNG Expansion, Elba Island, Georgia. Prepared for Lockwood Greene 

Engineers and Southern LNG, Inc. April 10, 2002. 

Applied Technology & Management, Inc. (ATM). 2006. Storm Surge, Scour, and Shoreline Erosion 

Analysis for Elba Island, Responses to Environmental Data Requests 7 and 8, Resource Report 6, 

for Southern LNG Inc., Applied Technology & Management, November 27. 

Bernhart, D. - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. 2006. Letter dated March 26 from Richard 

D. Bernhart (Assistant Regional Administrator for Protected Resources) to M. Kochhar (Federal 

Energy Regulatory Commission). 

Blais, D.P. and D.L. Simpson. 1997. The effects of buried natural gas pipeline on water quality, stream 

habitat, and biotic populations within high quality cold water streams in upstate New York. In

Sixth International Symposium on Environmental Concerns in Rights-of-Way Management. Eds. 

J.R. Williams, J.U.W. Goodrich-Mahoney, J.R. Wisniewski, and J. Wisniewski. New Orleans, 

Louisiana. Elsevier Publishers. New York. 

Blue Crab Home Page. 2007. Blue Crab Life History and Ecology. Website: http://www.bluecrab.net/bchist.htm Accessed January 24. 

Chatham Emergency Management Agency (CEMA). 2006. Chatham County Emergency Operations 

Plan, Incident Annex, Hurricane Plan, April 2006. 

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater 

Habitats of the United States. FWS/OBS-79/31. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife 

Service. Biological Services Program. Washington, DC. 

Eberwine, James, Martin Handly, Susan Barrett Smith, Peter Cropley, Katy Coyle, Danielle Wheeler, 

Georgia Abry, Anne Titlebaum, Ashley Brown, Tyler Leben, Ashley Sanders, Nathanael Heller, 

Emily Meaden, Robert Lackowicz, and William P. Athens – 2006 Results of the 2006 Phase I 

Cultural Resources Survey and Archaeological Inventory of the Proposed Elba Express Pipeline 

Project in Effingham, Screven, Jenkins, Emanuel, Burke, Jefferson, Glascock, Warren, McDuffie, 

Wilkes, Elbert, and Hart Counties, Georgia. Draft Report. Prepared for Elba Express Company, 

LLC, Birmingham, Alabama. R. Christopher Goodwin and Associates, Inc., New Orleans. 

Energy Information Administration. 2004. World LNG Shipping Capacity Expanding. Website: 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/global/worldlng.html. 

Energy Information Administration. 2006. Annual Energy Outlook 2006 with Projections to 2030. The 

Department of Energy, Report No. DOE/EIA-0383(2006). 
N-2

Environmental Laboratory. 1987. “Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual,” Technical Report 

Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 

ESRI Data and Maps (ESRI). 2006. Website: http://www.esri.com/data/. 

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 1987. Flood Insurance Rate Map Panel number 

130030 0085, Chatham County, Georgia. 

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). 1995. Yukon Pacific LNG Project, Final Environmental 

Impact Statement. FERC/EIS-0071. Washington, DC. 

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). 1996. Eco Electrica LNG Import Terminal and 

Cogeneration Project, Final Environmental Impact Statement. FERC/EIS-0099F. Washington, 

DC. 

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. 2000. Elba Island Recommissioning Project: Environmental 

Assessment. Washington, D.C. 

Froedge, D.T. 1980. Blasting Effects on Water Wells. Philip R. Berger & Associates, Inc. Pittsburgh, 

Pennsylvania. 

Galli, A.E., C.F. Leck, and R.T.T. Forman. 1976. Avian Distribution Patterns in Forest Islands of 

Different Sizes in Central New Jersey. Auk. 93. 

Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GDNR). 2007. Striped Bass Fact Sheet. Website: 

http://gastateparks.org/content/Georgia/parks/education/StripedBass_factsheet.doc Accessed 

January 25. 

Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GDNR). 1995. Protected Plants of Georgia. Non-game 

Wildlife-Natural Heritage Section. Social Circle, Georgia. 246 pp. 

Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GDNR). 1999. Protected Animals of Georgia. Non-game 

Wildlife-Natural Heritage Section. Social Circle, Georgia. 247 pp. 

Georgia Forestry Association 2007. State of the Forest: A Report on Georgia Forests 2007. Website: 

http://www.gfagrow.org/PDF/07%20state%20of%20forest.pdf 

Georgia Mining Association (GMA). 2006. Fact sheet on Georgia Kaolin Industry. Website: 

http://www.georgiamining.org/Kaolin.htm 

Georgia Museum of Natural History. 2006. Georgia Wildlife Web - Atlantic pigtoe mussel. Website: 

http://museum.nhm.uga.edu/gawildlife/invertebrates/unionoida/fmasoni.htm. Accessed on 

November 21 

Georgia State Parks (GSP). 2006a. Magnolia State Park Homepage. Accessed May 2006. Website: 

http://gastateparks.org/net/go/parks.aspx?LocationID=91&s=0.0.1.5. 

_____. 2006b. Richard B. Russell State Park Homepage. Accessed May 2006. Website: 

http://gastateparks.org/net/go/parks.aspx?LocationID=32&s=0.0.1.5. 

_____. 2006c. Hart State Park Homepage. Accessed May 2006. Website: 

http://gastateparks.org/net/go/parks.aspx?LocationID=90&s=0.0.1.5. 
N-3

Hastings, M.C. 2002. Clarification of the Meaning of Sound Pressure Levels and the Known Effects of 

Sound on Fish. Unpublished document prepared in support of Biological Assessment for the San 

Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge East Span Seismic Safety Project. 

ICH. 2007. The Source for Critical Information and Insight. Website: 

http://engineers.ihs.com/document/abstract/ENCQFBAAAAAAAAAA. Accessed January 19. 

Krause, K., S. Coughlin, A. Ventresca, D. George, K. Coyle, A. Ivester, C. Labadia, J. Pincoske, and W. 

P. Athens. 2002. Phase I Cultural Resources Survey and Archeological Inventory of the 

Proposed Southern Liquefied Natural Gas (SLNG) Elba Island Expansion Project Elba Island, 

Chatham County, Georgia (with supplemental addenda for fieldwork conducted in 2003). Report 

submitted to the Georgia Historic Preservation Division. Christopher Goodwin and Associates, 

Inc., New Orleans. 

Krause, K., S. Coughlin, A. Ventresca, K. Coyle, A. Ivester, C. Labadia, J. Pincoske, D. George, and W. 

P. Athens. 2003. Phase I Cultural Resources Survey and Archeological Inventory of the 

Proposed Southern Liquefied Natural Gas (SLNG) Elba Island Expansion Project Elba Island, 

Chatham County, Georgia (with supplemental addenda for fieldwork conducted in 2003). Report 

submitted to the Georgia Historic Preservation Division, Atlanta. Christopher Goodwin and 

Associates, Inc., New Orleans. 

Lackowicz, Robert. 2006. Supplemental Cultural Resources Investigations Conducted in 2005 at the 

Elba Island Southern Liquefied Natural Gas Facility in Chatham County, Georgia. Letter Report 

submitted to Georgia Historic Preservation Division, Atlanta. Christopher Goodwin and 

Associates, Inc., New Orleans. 

Miness, D. 2001. Local Government Implementation of the Environmental Planning Criteria. Georgia 

Department of Community Affairs. 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA). 2006. Sea Turtle Protection and Conservation. 

Website at: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/prot_res/PR3/Turtles/turtles.html#species Accessed on 

November 20. 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. Fisheries (NOAA). 2001. Biological Opinion for the 

San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge East Span Seismic Safety Project. Admin. Rec. 

151422SWR02SR6292. Southwest Region, Santa Rosa, California. 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. Fisheries (NOAA). 2003. Non-fishing Impacts to 

Essential Fish Habitat and Recommended Conservation Measures. Editors: J. Hanson, M. 

Helvey, and R. Strach. Alaska Region-Northwest Region-Southwest Region. 

Nationwide Rivers Inventory (NRI). 2007 Rivers and Trails, Georgia Segment. Website: 

http://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/nri/states/ga.html Accessed January 19. 

Nedwell, J. and B. Edwards. 2002. Measurements of Underwater Noise in the Arun River During Piling 

at County Wharf, Littlehampton. Unpublished Report Prepared for David Wilson Homes Ltd. by 

Subacoustech Ltd. 
N-4

Nedwell, J., A. Turnpenny, J. Langworthy, and B. Edwards. 2003. Measurements of Underwater Noise 

During Piling at the Red Funnel Terminal, Southampton, and Observations of its Effects on 

Caged Fish. Unpublished report prepared for Red Funnel by Subacoustech Ltd. 

NOAA Fisheries and FWS. 2007. 1998 Atlantic Sturgeon Status Review. Website: 

http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/statusreviews/atlanticsturgeon.pdf. Accessed on January 26. 

NOAA Fisheries. 2007. Office of Protected Resources: Cetaceans: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises. 

Website: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/. Accessed on January 25. 

NOAA Fisheries. 2007a. Proactive Conservation Program: Current Status Reviews, Atlantic Sturgeon. 

Website: http://www.nero.noaa.gov/prot_res/CandidateSpeciesProgram/csr.htm Accessed on 

January 26. 

NOAA Fisheries. 2007b. Office of Protected Resources. Website: 

http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/species/atlantic_sturgeon.pdf Accessed January 26. 

Patrick, T. S., J. R. Allison, G. A. Krakow. 1995. Protected plants of Georgia. Georgia Department of 

Natural Resources. 

Pelletier, Jean B., Samuel P. Turner, Martha R. Williams, and Frank Vento. 2001 Phase I Archeological 

Remote Sensing Survey of the Proposed Southern Natural Gas (SNG) Elba Island Turning Basin 

in the Savannah River, Chatham County, Georgia, and including Portions of the South Carolina 

Bankline in Jasper County, South Carolina. Report submitted to the Georgia Historic Preservation 

Division, Atlanta. Christopher Goodwin and Associates, Inc., New Orleans. 

Robbins, C.S. 1979. Effect of Forest Fragmentation on Bird Populations. In: Management of North 

Central and Northeastern Forests for Nongame Birds. 

Robbins, C.S., D.K. Dawson, and B.A. Dowell. 1989. Habitat Area Requirements of Breeding Forest 

Birds of the Middle Atlantic States. Wildlife Monographs. 

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). 2004. Guidance on Risk Analysis and Safety Implications of a 

Large Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Spill Over Water. Sandia Report SAND2004-6258. 167 pp. 

South Atlantic Fisheries Management Council (SAFMC). 1998. Final Habitat Plan for the South Atlantic 

Region. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC. 457 pp plus 

appendices. 

South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR). 2007. Sturgeons Website: 

http://www.dnr.sc.gov/cwcs/pdf/Sturgeon.pdf Accessed on January 26. 

South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR). 2007b. Highest Conservation Priority – 

Coastal Plain Species. Website: http://www.dnr.sc.gov/cwcs/pdfhigh/HighestCoastalPlain.pdf 

Accessed on January 26. 

Species Profile: Spotted Seatrout. 2007. Species Profile: Spotted Seatrout Management of Popular 

Southeast Gamefish Hindered by Data Deficiencies. Website: 

http://www.asmfc.org/speciesDocuments/southAtlanticSpecies/spottedseatrout/speciesProfile.pdf 

Accessed January 24. 
N-5

Temple, S.A. 1986. Predicting Impacts of Habitat Fragmentation on Forest Birds: A Comparison of Two 

Models. In: Modeling Habitat Relationships of Terrestrial Vertebrates, J. Verner, M.L. Morrison, 

and C.J. Ralph eds. University of Wisconsin Press. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2005. National Soil 

Survey Handbook, title 430-VI. (Online) Website: http://soils.usda.gov/technical/handbook/. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Soil Conservation Service. 1974. Soil Survey of Bryan and 

Chatham Counties, Georgia. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 

United States Army Corps of Engineers (COE). 2006a. J. Strom Thurmond Dam and Lake Homepage. 

Accessed May 2006. Website: http://www.sas.usace.army.mil/lakes/thurmond/intro.htm. 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), Savannah River District. 2006b. Savannah River Lakes. Online: 

http://www.sas.usace.army.mil/lakes/lakecomparison.htm Accessed on February 23. 

U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT). 2005. Office of Pipeline Safety Natural Gas Transmission 

Incident Summary By Cause. Website: www.ops.dot.gov. 

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2001. Annual Emissions Inventory, Chatham 

County, Georgia. Website: http://www.epa.gov/air/data/geosel.html 

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006. Enviromapper. Website: 

http://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/em. Accessed: May 2006. 

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006. Sole source aquifer information for Region 

4 Website: www.epa.gov/OGWDW/swp/ssa/reg4.html

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). 2000. Threatened and Endangered Species in Chatham 

County. Website: http://www.fws.gov/r4gafo/chatham_county.html. 

United States Geological Services (USGS). 1990. Groundwater Atlas of the United States, Alabama, 

Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, James A. Miller, USGS, HA 730-C. 

United States Geological Services (USGS). 2002a. Seismic Hazard by Latitude and Longitude 2002, 

United States Geological Survey. Website: http:/eqint.cr.usg.gov/eq-men/cgi-bin/find-11-2002-

interp-06.cgi 

United States Geological Services (USGS). 2002b. Seismic Hazard Maps - Southeastern United States, 

United States Geological Survey. Website: 

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/hazmaps/products_data/2002/ceus2002.php 

United States Geological Services (USGS). 2004. Mineral Industry of Georgia 2004, USGS. Website: 

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/state/2004/gastmyb04.pdf 

United States Geological Services (USGS). 2006. Liquefaction Fact Sheet, United States Geological 

Survey. Website: http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/sfgeo/liquefaction/factors.html 
N-6

United States Geological Survey (USGS). 1990. Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Alabama, 

Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina (HA 730-G). Ground Water Atlas Website: 

http://capp.water.usgs.gov/gwa 

University of Georgia (UGA). 2006a. Oyster Restoration. http://www.shellfish.uga.edu/oysterrest.html. 

Marine Extension Service, Shellfish Research Laboratory. 

University of Georgia (UGA). 2006b. Geology of Georgia, ,Department of Geology. Website: 

http://www.gly.uga.edu/GAGeology.html#Hazards. 

University of Georgia, Carl Vinson Institute of Government (UG-CVIG). 2006. Physiographic Districts 

of Georgia. Website: http://www.cviog.uga.edu/projects/gainfo/physiographic/physio-dist.htm 

US Air Force Reserves (USAFR). 2006. Hurricane Hunter Fact Sheet. Website: 

http://www.hurricanehunters.com/fact.htm 

Van Dolah, R. F., et al. 1983. Effects of Roller Trawling on a Hard Bottom Sponge and Coral 

Community. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Coastal Resources Division. 

Vinkour, W.S. and J.P. Shubert. 1987. Effects of Gas Pipeline Construction on the Aquatic Ecosystem 

of Canada Creek, Presque Isle County, Michigan. Gas Research Institute Report GRI-87/0027. 

WPC, Inc. (WPC) 2006a. Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Report, Southern LNG Elba Island 

Terminal Phase III Expansion, WPC, Inc., September 15. 

WPC, Inc. (WPC) 2006b. Seismic Hazard Study Report, Southern LNG Elba Island Terminal Phase III 

Expansion, WPC, Inc., March 17.