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Technical Summar Radial Deionization

Summar

Atlanti Technologie ha developed a low cot produced water dealination tem aed on the patented Radial Deionizing uper capacitor technolog

platform (RDITM). The RDI tem evolved a a game changing technolog from over $5,400,000 of funding  the US Government (DARPA & US Arm

TARDC) and another $300,000 founder R&D invetment. The patent protected RDI tem i poitioned to take ignificant market hare from tate­ofthe­art technologie uch a revere omoi and rine concentrator.

The RDI i the next generation capacitive deionization and i 10 time the peed, one quarter the price, and 15 time the range of the previou generation

of the technolog. The founder and CO, Patrick Curran, wa a memer of the original DARPA engineering team and i a world expert in the field with

multiple iued and pending patent.

The RDITM tem can deionize produced water from oil, ga, and mining operation for 40 – 70% le cot without cleaning chemical with clean water

recover up to 95%. Thi lower overall cot of operation i due to lower capital cot, maintenance, operating expene, and reduced dipoal cot. In

man cae, the RDI tem can take the place of multiple unit operation uch a reactive ilica removal, hardne removal, and alt removal.

The uper capacitor aed tem can handle low oluilit pecie uch a calcium/arium ulfate, high td tream uch a produced/fracture water

and RO reject. The tem i calale to td aove 100,000 ppm, flow rate over 1,000 gpm and recoverie over 90%. The RDI i ale to concentrate the

rine reject tream  a factor of 10 or greater which minimize rine wate and facilitate the iolation of deirale alt uch a odium ulfate, rare

earth metal, and ulfuric acid, making the actual cot of treatment at mine ite much le.

Home. Compan Overview. New. Technolog. Team. Application. White Paper.
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Atlanti ha conducted ignificant laorator and ench teting in a methodical approach to caling the tem to commercial application. The Compan

ha uilt 12 and teted ench and pilot tem. We have uilt and hipped 2 field pilot tem for evaluation in the mining and power generation

indutrie and have 3 pilot cheduled for deploment in Q1 in oil/ga, agriculture, and drinking water.

The tem ha een uccefull teted on actual produced water from hale ga, heav oil, and mining and demontrated the ench top tem at the

corporate headquarter of numerou oil and water treatment companie. Our operational cot are well documented and availale upon requet.

Technolog Platform

Radial Deionization work a illutrated in the elow diagram. An aqueou tream containing diolved olid (alt) i paed etween two oppoitel

charged uper capacitor (electric doule laer capacitor, or DLC). A the liquid pae through the dielectric pacer eparating the capacitor, ion

are attracted to the oppoitel charged capacitor laer. The ion leave the water within the dielectric laer, pa through a charge pecific memrane

coating, and are adored onto the urface area of the caron uper capacitor. When the capacitor have filled with ion, the polarit i revered and the

ion are dicharged ack into the dielectric pacer and removed from the tem. A 3­wa valve i ituated at the outlet of the device() which direct the

rine awa from the cleaned water. Tpical ccle time range from 2 – 40 minute.
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The RDIITM device i pecificall deigned to remove large amount of ion and iolate the cleaned and rine tream. We have uccefull deionized

man tpe of olution and concentration including:

• 500 ppm hard cit water

• 5,400 ppm calcium ulfate from NF reject of mine watewater

• 6,400 ppm oil and produced water

• 10,000 ppm magneium ulfate

• 15,000 ppm odium ulfate

• 19,000 ppm Marcellu hale ga “fracture” water

• 39,400 ppm produced water from Texa oil field

• 100,000 ppm agle­Ford hale ga “produced” water

The td capailit range of the RDI pan 500 ppm to over 100,000 ppm. xiting technologie have limited range a hown in the elow td v. capailit

graph. The RDI i ale to remove an alt without fouling including caronate, ulfate, nitrate, heav metal, etc.
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RDITM Device

ach pair of uper capacitor form a “cell”. Up to 100 cell are laered together to form the RDITM clinder. The tream to e proceed flow through the

dielectric pacer within clinder with a minimal preure drop. The proceing capacit of a large cale clinder i up to 5 gpm depending on alinit of

water.

A ingle RDI clinder i deigned to remove all or mot of the alt. In ome cae clinder are placed in erie to optimize tem cot. ecaue of the low

preure drop, multiple clinder can e operated in erie and at high flow rate. Thi enale proceing of high td tream without the need for

intermediate torage. ach device will remove a portion of ion from the tream until the target diolved olid level i reached. Thi deign apect of the

RDITM platform i critical to it uperior performance and a ke difference etween RDITM and the other verion of capacitive deionization.

Once the capacitor i full, all adored ion are dicharged into the flow channel and purged from the tem with minimal water. ecaue of the device

deign and operation, we do not ee precipitation of low oluilit alt uch a ulfate and hardne. Thee pecie ma precipitate at a later

immediatel upon exiting the tem, ut the do caue iue within the device. Thi lack of fouling i a ignificant advantage that the RDI&trade ha over

revere omoi and rine concentrator. Thi allow the RDI to take the place of eparate operation that neither RO nor rine concentrator can do

effectivel. For example, an application that require the ue of a oiler mut treat water for hardne, and diolved olid. In man intance, thi i

accomplihed in 2 tep (ion exchange for hardne and RO/C for td). All of thee tep can e comined into one RDI operation, ignificantl reducing

opex and capex.

The ccle time of the device range etween 2 – 20 minute for cleaning and 2 – 20 minute for purging. Man application require the ue of more than

one clinder which allow for contant flow to e maintained  timing the clinder and/or module.

In ome cae, the concentrated olution i the deired product. We can adjut the operating parameter of the tem to concentrate the rine to 10 –
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20 time greater than the incoming tream. In application where the cutomer mut pa for the rine olution to e dipoed, the RDI can ignificantl

reduce thi portion of their operating cot.

RDITM Module

A module conit of one or more RDITM clinder, aociated valving, DC power upplie, and control. A tem will tpicall contain one or more

module depending on purification level and flow rate required. A tpical module laout i hown elow. The 4 ft  14 ft kid contain 20 clinder and i

deigned to fit in a emi or flated. A module can proce up to 100 gpm depending on the incoming alinit level.

RDITM Stem Operating Cot

RDITM module are linked together to form a larger tem depending on the deired td reduction and volume capacit. The level of pre­treatment

required for the RDI i equal to or le than tate of the art technologie.

When evaluating dealination tem, it i important to calculate the total cot of operation including capital depreciation, maintenance, energ, and

dipoal of rine olution. ecaue man tem are etup a a deign­uild­own­operate (DOO) arrangement all cot much e conidered including

the cot of financing.

Indutr Cot Comparion
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elow i a chart of the major cot component of operating a produced water dealination tem  technolog tpe: Atlanti RDI, rackih Water

Revere Omoi, rine Concentrator (Vacuum Compreion Ditillation), and Voltea CapDI (uper cap competitor). One ver common application i the

proceing a fairl dilute 1,600 ppm. In thi application, approximatel 72% of the operating cot are determined  the capital and maintenance cot

and are therefore the mot important iue to dicu when evaluating tem choice. Although electrical efficienc i important, it i onl 3% of the

tpical opex. In thi alinit range, the Atlanti RDI tem total operating cot i 43% le than revere omoi and 66% le than a rine concentrator.

Another application common in the heav oil, oil and, and power indutr i the proceing of 10,000 ppm water containing hardne, and alt. In thi

cae, 58% of the operating cot are determined  the capital and maintenance cot and electricit rie to 11% of the opex. The Atlanti RDI tem

total operating cot i 50% le than revere omoi, 66% le than a rine concentrator and 79% le than the competitive capacitive deionization

technolog.

Much of the energ, capex, and other operating parameter for each technolog were taken from the following pulicl availale report:

1. Colorado School of Mine, Nov. 2009: An Integrated Framework for Treatment and Management of Produced Water, TCHNICAL ASSSSMNT OF

PRODUCD WATR TRATMNT TCHNOLOGIS, 1t DITION, RPSA Project 07122­12

2. ureau of Reclamation, Sept. 2009: Multieneficial Ue of Produced Water Through High­Preure Memrane Treatment and Capacitive Deionization

Technolog.

3. All Conulting: Water Treatment Technolog Fact Sheet

4. Univerit of Pretoria, Dept. of Chemical ngineering, Jan. 2005: Multieneficial Ue of Produced Water Through High­Preure Memrane Treatment

and Capacitive Deionization Technolog

All aove report that reference capacitive deionization tudie were conducted on full ize production pilot.
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The ield of clean water, or recover, varie ignificantl  technolog and alinit. The recover of the RDI tem i regularl aove 80% and can reach

a high a 95%. The tpical range for rackih water RO i 60 – 85%, rine concentrator 40%, and the older generation capacitive deionization < 80%.

elow i a chart of recoverie v. potential rine dipoal cot. Thee are lited eparate from treatment cot ecaue not all application have to pa

for rine dipoal. ut if offite dipoal i necear, the hould e included in the total cot of operation. We aumed an offite dipoal cot of

$1.10/l which i ver conervative.

We are primaril focued on the produced water from the oil/ga, mining, and power generation. Jut the oil/ga and mining egment total $1 illion per

ear right now and are expected to grow  14% over the next 5 ear. The mot common application in thi indutr i the proceing of water generated

 heav oil, oil and, and tandard oil production in the 10,000 ppm range. After tandard pretreatment, common contituent that mut e removed

include hardne, and variou alt including low oluilit pecie uch a Ca/a/Sr ulfate. Ver large volume of heated water are ued in the heav

oil and oil and egment. In order to reue thi water, it mut e dealinated to e re­circulated through a oiler and heated for reue.

14 Monarch a Plaza | Monarch each CA | 92629 | Tel. 949.302.5265 | mail. atlantideal@gmail.com