Great Basin Paleontological Bibliography 

Robert B. Blodgett 

U.S. Geological Survey - Contractor, 4200 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508 

Ning Zhang 

GeoInformation Consulting, 2650 N.W. Roosevelt Dr., Corvallis, OR 97330

Albert H. Hofstra 

U.S. Geological Survey, MS 973, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 

Jared R. Morrow 

Department of Geological Sciences, MC-1020, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego State 

University, San Diego, CA 92182 

Open-File Report 2006-1379 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 
U.S. Department of the Interior 

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mark D. Myers, Director 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007 

For product and ordering information: 

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod 

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS 

For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, 

its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: 

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov 

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does 

not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the 

individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within 

this report. 

Suggested citation: 

Blodgett, R.B., Zhang, N., Hofstra, A.H., and Morrow, J.R., 2007, Great basin 

paleontological bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1379, 

234 p. 

1
Table of Contents 

Page 

 8 Introduction 

9 Precambrian References 

9 Algae 

9 Ichnofossils (Trace fossils) 

9 Metazoa 

10 Stratigraphy 

12 Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

12 Paleozoic References 

12 Cambrian References 

12 Algae 

12 Archaeocyathids 

13 Arthropoda (other than Trilobita) 

13 Brachiopoda 

15 Conodonta 

16 Corals 

16 Echinodermata 

16 Gastropoda 

16 Hyolitha 

17 Microfossils (not sorted by fossil group) 

17 Mollusca 

17 Problematica 

18 Protista 

18 Sponges (Porifera) 

18 Trace Fossils (Ichnofossils) 

19 Trilobita 

27 Paleontology (not sorted by faunal or floral group) 

27 Paleoecology 

28 Paleogeography 

28 Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

28 Stratigraphy 

35 Ordovician References 

35 Acritarchs 

35 Algae

36 Bivalvia 

36 Brachiopoda 

2
38 Cephalopoda 

38 Chitinozoans 

38 Conodonta 

39 Corals – Rugosa 

40 Echinodermata 

41 Gastropoda 

42 Graptolites 

44 Hyolitha 

44 Microfossils (not sorted by fossil group) 

45 Ostracoda 

45 Radiolaria 

46 Sponges (Porifera) 

47 Trace Fossils (Ichnofossils) 

47 Trilobita 

48 Paleontology (not sorted by faunal or floral group) 

49 Paleoecology 

49 Stratigraphy 

58 Paleogeography 

60 Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

61 Petroleum Potential 

61 Tectonics 

61 Web Sites 

61 Silurian References 

61 Algae 

62 Brachiopoda 

63 Conodonta 

64 Corals – Rugosa 

64 Corals – Tabulata 

65 Crustacea 

65 Foraminifera 

65 Gastropoda 

65 Graptolites 

66 Ostracodes 

66 Sponges (Porifera) 

67 Radiolaria 

67 Vertebrata 

67 Stratigraphy 

72 Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

73 Paleoecology 

73 Paleogeography 

3
74 Devonian References 

74 Ammonoidea 

74 Bivalvia 

75 Brachiopoda 

81 Cephalopoda 

81 Conodonta 

87 Corals – Rugosa 

89 Corals – Tabulata 

89 Crinoidea 

89 Crustacea 

90 Foraminifera 

90 Gastropoda 

91 Graptolites 

92 Hyolitha 

92 Ostracoda 

94 Radiolaria 

95 Sponges (Porifera) 

95 Stromatoporoids 

96 Tentaculita 

96 Trace Fossils (Ichnofossils) 

96 Trilobita 

97 Vertebrata 

99 Paleontology (not sorted by faunal or floral group) 

99 Stratigraphy 

112 Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

113 Paleoecology 

115 Petroleum Potential 

115 Paleogeography 

116 Tectonics 

117 Alamo Breccia References 

118 Mississippian References 

 118 Ammonoidea 

 120 Bivalvia 

 120 Brachiopoda 

 121 Bryozoa 

 122 Cephalopoda 

 122 Conodonta 

 125 Conularida 

 125 Corals – Rugosa 

 126 Crinoidea 

4
 127 Foraminifera 

 127 Gastropoda 

 128 Hyolitha 

 128 Ostracoda 

 128 Radiolaria 

128 Sponges (Porifera) 

 129 Trace Fossils (Ichnofossils) 

 129 Trilobita 

 129 Vertebrata 

 129 Plants 

 129 Stratigraphy 

 137 Paleogeography 

 138 Paleoecology 

 139 Petroleum Potential 

 140 Tectonics 

 141 Chemostratigraphy 

141 Pennsylvanian References 

 141 Ammonoidea 

 142 Bivalvia 

 142 Brachiopoda 

 145 Bryozoa 

 145 Cephalopoda 

 145 Conodonta 

 147 Corals – Rugosa 

 148 Corals – Tabulata 

 149 Crinoidea 

 149 Echinodermata (other than Crinoidea) 

 150 Foraminifera 

 150 Fusulinids 

 152 Gastropoda 

 153 Radiolaria 

 153 Scaphopoda 

153 Sponges (Porifera) 

 153 Trilobita 

 153 Vertebrata 

 153 Paleontology (not sorted by faunal or floral group) 

 154 Stratigraphy 

 158 Paleoecology 

 159 Paleogeography 

 159 Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

5
 160 Tectonics 

160 Permian References 

 160 Ammonoidea 

 161 Bivalvia 

 161 Brachiopoda 

 162 Bryozoa 

 163 Conodonta 

 166 Corals – Rugosa 

 167 Corals – Tabulata 

 167 Crinoidea 

 167 Foraminifera 

 167 Fusulinida 

 170 Gastropoda 

 171 Ophiuroidea 

 171 Polyplacophora 

 171 Radiolaria 

 172 Rostroconchia 

 172 Scaphopoda 

 172 Sponges (Porifera) 

 172 Trilobita 

 172 Vertebrata 

 173 Paleontology (not sorted by faunal or floral group) 

 173 Paleoecology 

 174 Petroleum Potential 

 174 Stratigraphy 

 180 Tectonics 

 181 Paleogeography 

 181 Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

182 Mesozoic References 

182 Triassic References 

 182 Ammonoidea 

 183 Bivalvia 

 185 Brachiopoda 

 186 Coleoidea 

 186 Conodonta 

 187 Corals (Scleractinia) 

 186 Crinoidea 

 187 Foraminifera 

 187 Gastropoda 

 188 Hydrozoa 

6
 188 Trace Fossils (Ichnofossils) 

 189 Nautiloidea 

 189 Ophiuroidea 

 189 Ostracoda 

 189 Sponges (Porifera) 

 189 Radiolaria 

 190 Vertebrata 

 193 Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

 194 Stratigraphy 

 197 Tectonics 

 198 Paleoecology 

 199 Paleogeography 

 199 Petroleum Potential 

199 Jurassic References 

 199 Ammonoidea 

 201 Bivalvia 

 201 Stratigraphy 

 203 Tectonics 

 204 Paleogeography 

 204 Petrologic and Petrographic Studies 

204 Cretaceous References 

 204 Bivalvia 

 204 Ostracoda 

 204 Plants 

 205 Vertebrates 

 205 Stratigraphy 

206 Cenozoic (Undifferentiated by System) References 

 206 Bivalvia 

 206 Gastropoda 

 208 Ostracoda 

 209 Insecta 

 210 Plants 

 213 Vertebrata 

 231 Stratigraphy 

231 Nevada County Geologic Reports 

 

7
INTRODUCTION 

This work was conceived as a derivative product for “The Metallogeny of the Great 

Basin” project of the Mineral Resources Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. In the 

course of preparing a fossil database for the Great Basin that could be accessed from the 

Internet, it was determined that a comprehensive paleontological bibliography must first 

be compiled, something that had not previously been done. This bibliography includes 

published papers and abstracts as well as unpublished theses and dissertations on fossils 

and stratigraphy in Nevada and adjoining portions of California and Utah. 

This bibliography is broken into first-order headings by geologic age, secondary headings 

by taxonomic group, followed by ancillary topics of interest to both paleontologists and 

stratigraphers; paleoecology, stratigraphy, sedimentary petrology, paleogeography, 

tectonics, and petroleum potential. 

References were derived from usage of Georef, consultation with numerous 

paleontologists and geologists working in the Great Basin, and literature currently on 

hand with the authors. As this is a Web-accessible bibliography, we hope to periodically 

update it with new citations or older references that we have missed during this 

compilation. Hence, the authors would be grateful to receive notice of any new or old 

papers that the readers think should be added. 

As a final note, we gratefully acknowledge the helpful reviews provided by A. Elizabeth 

J. Crafford (Anchorage, Alaska) and William R. Page (USGS, Denver, Colorado). 

8
PRECAMBRIAN References 

Algae 

Benmore, W.C., 1977, Stratigraphy, sedimentology and paleoecology of the upper 

Proterozoic Johnnie Formation, eastern California and southern Nevada [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, no. 4, p. 387-388. 

Ichnofossils (Trace fossils) 

Alpert, S.P., 1974, Trace fossils of the Precambian-Cambrian succession White-Inyo 

Mountains, California: Los Angeles, University of California, unpublished Ph.D. 

dissertation, 175 p. 

Alpert, S.P., 1975, Planolites and Skolithos from the upper Precambrian-lower Cambrian, 

White-Inyo Mountains, California: Journal of Paleontology, v. 49, no. 3, p. 508-

521. 

Droser, M.L., 1987, Trends in extent and depth of bioturbation in Great Basin 

Precambrian-Ordovician strata, California, Nevada, and Utah: Los Angeles, 

University of Southern California, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 361 p. 

Metazoa 

Hagadorn, J.W., and Waggoner, Ben, 1998, Vendian-Lower Cambrian faunas from the 

southwestern U.S. [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 30, no. 7, p. A233. 

Hagadorn, J.W., and Waggoner, Ben, 2000, Ediacaran fossils from the southwestern 

Great Basin: Journal of Paleontology, v. 74, no. 2, p. 349-359. 

Horodyski, Robert, 1991, Late Proterozoic megafossils from southern Nevada [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 6, p. A163. 

Horodyski, Robert, Gehling, J.G., Jensen, S., and Runnegar, B., 1994, Ediacara fauna and 

earliest Cambrian trace fossils in a single parasequence set, southern Nevada 

[abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, p. 360. 

Waggoner, B.M., and Hagadorn, J.W., 1997, Ediacaran fossils from western North 

America—Stratigraphic and biogeographic implications [abs.]: Geological 

Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 6, p. A30. 

9
Stratigraphy 

Albers, J.P., and Stewart, J.H., 1962, Precambrian(?) and Cambrian stratigraphy in 

Esmeralda County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450-D, p. 

D24-D27. 

Barnes, Harley, and Christiansen, R.L., 1967, Cambrian and Precambrian rocks of the 

Groom district Nevada, southern Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 

1244-G, 34 p. 

Benmore, W.C., 1977, Stratigraphy, sedimentology and paleoecology of the upper 

Proterozoic Johnnie Formation, eastern California and southern Nevada [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, no. 4, p. 387-388. 

Burchfiel, B.C., 1964, Precambrian and Paleozoic stratigraphy of the Specter Range 

quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: American Association of Petroleum Geologists 

Bulletin, v. 48, no. 1, p. 40-56. 

Diehl, P.E., 1979, The stratigraphy, depositional environments, and quantitative 

petrography of the Precambrian-Cambrian Wood Canyon Formation, Death 

Valley region, California: University Park, Pennsylvania State University, 

unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 365 p. 

Kistler, R.W., and Willden, R., 1969, Precambrian-Cambrian boundary in the Ruby 

Mountains, Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 1, no. 3, p. 32. 

Levy, M.E., 1991, Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian sedimentation, sequence 

stratigraphy, and tectonic evolution of the eastern Great Basin: New York, 

Columbia University, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 396 p. 

McKee, E.H., and Moiola, R.J., 1962, Precambrian and Cambrian rocks of south-central 

Esmeralda County, Nevada: American Journal of Science, v. 260, no. 7, p. 530-

538. 

Misch, Peter, and Hazzard, J.C., 1962, Stratigraphy and metamorphism of late 

Precambrian rocks in central northeastern Nevada and adjacent Utah: American 

Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 46, no. 3, p. 289-343. 

Nelson, C.A., 1976, Late Precambrian-Early Cambrian stratigraphic and faunal 

succession of eastern California and the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary, in

Moore, J.N., and Fritsche, A.E., eds., Pacific Coast Paleogeography Field Guide 

10
1, The Pacific Section: Los Angeles, Society of Economic Paleontologists and 

Mineralogists, p. 31-42. 

Schneck, W.M., 1986, Lithostratigraphy of the McCoy Creek Group and Prospect 

Mountain Quartzite (Upper Proterozoic and Lower Cambrian), Egan and Cherry 

Creek Ranges, White Pine County, Nevada: Cheney, Eastern Washington 

University, unpublished Master’s thesis. 

Stewart, J.H., 1966, Correlation of Lower Cambrian and some Precambrian strata in the 

southern Great Basin, California and Nevada, in Geological Survey research 

1966: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 550-C, p. C66-C72. 

Stewart, J.H., 1970, Upper Precambrian and Lower Cambrian strata in the southern Great 

Basin, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 620, 

206 p. 

Stewart, J.H., 1972, Initial deposits in the Cordilleran geosyncline—evidence of late 

Precambrian 850 m.y., continental separation: Geological Society of America 

Bulletin, v. 83, p. 1345-1360. 

Stewart, J.H., 1974, Correlation of uppermost Precambrian and Lower Cambrian strata 

from southern to east-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of 

Research, v. 2, no. 5, p. 609-618. 

Stewart, J.H., and Poole, F.G., 1973, Upper Precambrian and lower Paleozoic 

miogeocline in Great Basin, Western United States [abs.], in AAPG-SEPM 

Annual Meeting Abstracts, May 14-16, 1973: American Association of 

Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 57, no. 4, p. 807. 

Stewart, J.H., and Poole, F.G., 1974, Lower Paleozoic and uppermost Precambrian 

Cordilleran miogeocline, Great Basin, western United States, in Dickinson, W.R., 

ed., Tectonics and sedimentation: Society of Economic Paleontologists and 

Mineralogists Special Publication 22, p. 28-57. 

Sweetkind, D.S., and White, D.K., 2001, Facies analysis of Late Proterozoic through 

Lower Cambrian rocks of the Death Valley regional ground-water system and 

surrounding areas, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 01-351, 13 p. 

Van Hise, C.R., and Leith, C.K., 1909, Pre-Cambrian geology of North America: U.S. 

Geological Survey Bulletin 360, 939 p. 

Wertz, W.E., 1983, The depositonal environments and petrography of the Stirling 

Quartzite, Death Valley region, California and Nevada: University Park, 

Pennsylvania State University, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 210 p. 

11
Wheeler, H.E., 1948, Late Precambrian-Cambrian stratigraphic cross section through 

southern Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 47, 58 p. 

Willden, R., and Kistler, R.W., 1979, Precambrian and Paleozoic stratigraphy in central 

Ruby Mountains, Elko County, Nevada, in Newman, G.W., and Goode, H.D., 

eds., Basin and Range Symposium and Great Basin Field Conference: Rocky 

Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 221-243. 

Woodward, L.A., 1963, Late Precambrian metasedimentary rocks of Egan Range, 

Nevada: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 47, no. 5, p. 

814-822. 

Woodward, L.A., 1967, Stratigraphy and correlation of late Precambrian rocks of Pilot 

Range, Elko County, Nevada, and Box Elder County, Utah: American 

Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 51, no. 2, p. 235-243. 

Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

Diehl, P.E., 1979, The stratigraphy, depositonal environments, and quantitative 

petrography of the Precambrian-Cambrain Wood Canyon Formation, Death 

Valley region, California: University Park, Pennsylvania State University, 

unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 365 p. 

Wertz, W.E., 1983, The depositonal environments and petrography of the Stirling 

Quartzite, Death Valley region, California and Nevada: University Park, 

Pennsylvania State University, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 210 p. 

PALEOZOIC References

CAMBRIAN References 

Algae 

Hollingsworth, J.S., and Fritz, W.H., 2003, Biostratigraphy of the early Cambrian 

Montezuman Stage in western North America [abs.]: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 5, p. 15. 

Mrozek, Stephanie, Dattilo, B.F., Hicks, Melissa, and Miller, J.F., 2003, Metazoan reefs 

from the Upper Cambrian of the Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada 

[abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 6, p. 

500. 

Archaeocyathids 

12
Gangloff, R.A., 1975, The Archaeocyatha of the central and southwestern Great Basin, 

California and Nevada: Berkeley, University of California, unpublished Ph.D. 

dissertation. 

Hicks, Melissa, Rowland, S.M., Zhang Junmig, Li Guxiang, and Yang Aihua, 2003, 

Comparison of Late-Early Cambrian Archaeocyathan reefs from Nevada, U.S.A. 

and the western Hubei District, China [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 6, p. 500. 

Hollingsworth, J.S., and Fritz, W.H., 2003, Biostratigraphy of the early Cambrian 

Montezuman Stage in western North America [abs.]: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 5, p. 15. 

McKee, E.H., and Gangloff, R.A., 1969, Stratigraphic distribution of archaeocyathids in 

the Silver Peak range and the White and Inyo mountains, western Nevada and 

eastern California: Journal of Paleontology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 716-726. 

Rowland, S.M., 1984, Were there framework reefs in the Cambrian?: Geology, v. 12, no. 

3, p. 181-183. 

Arthropoda (other than Trilobita) 

Brooks, H.K., and Caster, K.E., 1956, Pseudoarctolepis sharpi n. gen., n. sp. 

(Phyllocarida), from the Wheeler Shale (Middle Cambrian) of Utah: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 9-14. 

Lieberman, B.S., 2003, A new soft-bodied fauna—the Pioche Formation of Nevada: 

Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, no. 4, p. 674-690. 

Mount, J.F., and Signor, P.W., III, 1984, Paleoenvironmental influences on the 

appearance and disappearance of pre-trilobite shelly faunas in western North 

America [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 16, 

no. 6, p. 601-602. 

Waggoner, Ben, 2003, Non-trilobite arthropods from the Silver Peak Range, Nevada: 

Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, no. 4, p. 706-722. 

Brachiopoda 

Bell, W.C., and Ellinwood, H.L., 1962, Upper Franconian and lower Trempealeauan 

Cambrian trilobites and brachiopods, Wilberns Formation, central Texas: Journal 

of Paleontology, v. 36, p. 385-423. 

Clark, D.L., and Robison, R.A., 1969, Oldest conodonts in North America: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 43, no. 4, p. 1044-1046. 

13
Hall, James, and Whitfield, R.P., 1877, Palaeontology—Report of the geological 

exploration of the Fortieth Parallel: Washington, D.C., Government Printing 

Office, v. 4, p. 197-302, pls. 1-7. 

Hollingsworth, J.S., 2005, The earliest occurrence of trilobites and brachiopods in the 

Cambrian of Laurentia: Palaeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 220, 

no. 1-2, p. 153-165. 

Hollingsworth, J.S., and Fritz, W.H., 2003, Biostratigraphy of the early Cambrian 

Montezuman Stage in western North America [abs.]: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 5, p. 15. 

Lin, Jih-Pai, and Knox, L.W., 2001, Preliminary report on acrotretid and paterniid 

brachiopods from the Emigrant Formation (Middle Cambrian) at Big Mike 

Canyon, Esmeralda County, Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 33, no. 2, p. 76-77. 

Mason, J.F., 1938, Cambrian faunal succession in Nevada and California: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 287-294. 

Miller, R.H., Cooper, J.D., and Sundberg, F.A., 1981, Upper Cambrian faunal 

distribution in southeastern California and southern Nevada, in Taylor, M.E., ed., 

Short papers for the Second International symposium on the Cambrian System 

[Golden, Colorado, Aug. 9-13, 1981]: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

81-743, p. 138-142. 

Monson, C.C., Adrain, J.M., Westrop, S.R., and Waskiewicz, R., 2005, Articulate 

brachiopod ‘blooms’ following cratonic mass extinction, Upper Cambrian and 

Lower Ordovician of western Laurentia [abs.]: PaleoBios, v. 25, no. 2, 

Supplement, p. 87. 

Rieboldt, S.E., 1999, Inarticulate brachiopods of the Pioche Formation and their relation 

to the extinction of the Olenellidae [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 31, no. 6, p. 88. 

Robison, R.A., 1964, Late Middle Cambrian faunas from western Utah: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 38, no. 3, p. 510-566. 

Rowell, A.J., 1977, Early Cambrian brachiopods from the southwestern Great Basin of 

California and Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 68-85. 

Rowell, A.J., 1980, Inarticulate brachiopods of the Lower and Middle Pioche Shale of the 

Pioche district, Nevada: Lawrence, University of Kansas Paleontological 

Contributions, Paper 98, 34 p. 

14
Rowell, A.J., 1986, The distribution and inferred larval dispersion of Rhondellina dorei; a 

new Cambrian brachiopod (Acrotretida): Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, no. 5, p. 

1056-1065. 

Rowell, A.J., and Brady, M.J., 1976, Brachiopods and biomeres: Provo, Brigham Young 

University Research Studies, Geology Series, v. 23, part 2, p. 165-180. 

Streng, Michael, and Holmer, L.E., 2006, New and poorly known acrotretid brachiopods 

(Class Lingulata) from the Cedaria-Crepicephalus zone (late Middle Cambrian of 

the Great Basin, USA: Geobios, v. 39, no. 1, p. 125-153. 

Walcott, C.D., 1884, Paleontology of the Eureka district [Nevada]: U.S. Geological 

Survey Monograph 8, 298 p. 

Walcott, C.D., 1905, Cambrian Brachiopoda with descriptions of new genera and species: 

Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 28, p. 227-337. 

Walcott, C.D., 1908, Cambrian Brachiopoda—Descriptions of new genera and species: 

Simithonsian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 53, no. 3, p. 53-137. 

Walcott, C.D., 1912, Cambrian Brachiopoda: U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 51, in 

2 parts, part I, 872 p.; part II, 363 p. 

Conodonta 

Clark, D.L, and Miller, J.F., 1969, Early evolution of conodonts: Geological Society of 

America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 1, p. 125-134. 

Clark, D.L., and Robison, R.A., 1969, Oldest conodonts in North America: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 43, no. 4, p. 1044-1046. 

Miller, R.H., Cooper, J.D., and Sundberg, F.A., 1981, Upper Cambrian faunal 

distribution in southeastern California and southern Nevada, in Taylor, M.E., ed., 

Short papers for the Second International symposium on the Cambrian System 

[Golden, Colorado, Aug. 9-13, 1981]: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

81-743, p. 138-142. 

Miller, R.H., Sundberg, F.A., Harma, R.H., and Wright, J., 1981, Late Cambrian 

stratigraphy and conodonts of southern Nevada: Alcheringa, v. 5, nos. 3-4, p. 183-

193. 

Mrozek, Stephanie, Dattilo, B.F., Hicks, Melissa, and Miller, J.F., 2003, Metazoan reefs 

from the Upper Cambrian of the Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada 

[abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 6, p. 

500. 

15
Corals 

Debrenne, F.M., Gandin, A., and Gangloff, R.A., 1990, Analyse sédimentologique et 

paléontologie de calcaires organogènes du Cambrien inférieur de Battle Mountain 

(Nevada, U.S.A.): Annales de Paleontologie, v. 76, p. 73-119. 

Hicks, Melissa, 2006, A new genus of Early Cambrian coral in Esmeralda County, 

southwestern Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 80, no. 4, p. 609-615. 

Echinodermata 

Parsley, R.L., and Caster, K.E., 1965, North America Soluta (Carpoidea, Echinodermata): 

Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 49, no. 221, 174 p. 

Sumrall, C.D., Sprinkle, James, and Guensburg, T.E., 1997, Systematics and 

paleoecology of Late Cambrian echinoderms from the western United States: 

Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, no. 6, p. 1091-1109. 

Ubaghs, Georges, 1963, Cothurnocystis Bather, Phyllocystis Thoral and an undetermined 

member of the order Soluta (Echinodermata, Carpoidea) in the uppermost 

Cambrian of Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 37, p. 1133-1142. 

Ubaghs, Georges, and Robison, R.A., 1985, A new homoiostelean and a new eocrinid 

from the Middle Cambrian of Utah: Lawrence, University of Kansas 

Paleontological Contributions, Paper 115, 24 p. 

Ubaghs, Georges, and Robison, R.A., 1988, Homalozoan echinoderms of the Wheeler 

Formation (Middle Cambrian) of western Utah: Lawrence, University of Kansas 

Paleontological Contributions, Paper 120, 17 p. 

Gastropoda 

Robison, R.A., 1964, Late Middle Cambrian faunas from western Utah: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 38, no. 3, p. 510-566. 

Yochelson, E.L., and Stinchcomb, B.L., 1987, Recognition of Macluritella (Gastropoda) 

from the Upper Cambrian of Missouri and Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 

61, no. 1, p. 56-61. 

Hyolitha 

Robison, R.A., 1964, Late Middle Cambrian faunas from western Utah: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 38, no. 3, p. 510-566. 

16
Signor, P.W., Mount, J.F., and Onken, B.R., A pre-trilobite shelly fauna from the WhiteInyo region of eastern California and western Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 

61, no. 3, p. 425-438. 

Microfossils (not sorted by fossil group) 

Madden-McGuire, D.J., Hutter, T.J., and Suczek, C.A., 1991, Late Cambrian-Early 

Ordovician microfossils from the allochthonous Harmony Formation at its type 

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Leslie, S.A., 1990, The Late Cambrian-Middle Ordovician Snow Canyon Formation of 

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Corals – Rugosa 

Budge, D.R., 1972, Paleontology and stratigraphic significance of Late Ordovician and 

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39
Pandolfi, J.M., 1982, Late Ordovician colonial corals and depositional environments of 

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Echinodermata 

Blake, D.B., and Guensburg, T.E., 1993, New Lower and Middle Ordovician stelleroids 

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Lewis, R.D., Sprinkle, James, Bailey, J.B., Moffit, John, and Parsley, R.L., 1987, 

Mandalacystis, a new rhipidocystid eocrinoid from the Whiterockian Stage 

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1222-1235. 

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Sprinkle, J.T., 1971, Stratigraphic distribution of echinoderm plates in the Antelope 

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Sprinkle, James, 1973, Tripatocrinus, a new hybocrinid crinoid based on disarticulated 

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Sprinkle, James, 1974, New rhombiferan cystoids from the Middle Ordovician of 

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Sprinkle, James, 1989, Origin of the echinoderm class Rhombifera based on new Early 

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America Abstracts with Programs, v. 21, no. 6, p. 114. 

40
Sprinkle, James, 1990, New echinoderm fauna from the Ninemile Shale (Lower 

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Gastropoda 

Ahern, K.E., 1974, Patterns of Paleozoic gastropod diversity: Berkeley, Univesity of 

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Gunn, S.M., 1998, Paleoenvironment and paleoecology of the Ordovician Pogonip Group 

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early Paleozoic history of gastropods and bivalves: University of California at 

Riverside, unpublished Master’s thesis, 143 p. 

Kirk, Edwin, 1930, Mitrospira, a new Ordovician gastropod genus: Proceedings of the 

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Knight, J.B., 1941, Paleozoic Gastropod genotypes: Geological Society of America 

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Meek, F.B., 1877, Paleontology—Report of the geological exploration of the Fortieth 

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Rohr, D.M., 1991, Borings in the shell of an Ordovician (Whiterockian) gastropod: 

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41
Rohr, D.M., 1991, Incomplete and complete shell borings from the Ordovician 

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Rohr, D.M., 1994, Middle Ordovician (Whiterockian) gastropods from the Great Basin: 

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Walcott, C.D., 1884, Paleontology of the Eureka district [Nevada]: U.S. Geological 

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Yochelson, E.L., 1986, Operculum of the early Middle Ordovician gastropod Palliseria

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Graptolites 

Berry, W.B.N., 1962, Comparison of some Ordovician limestones: American Association 

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Berry, W.B.N., 1986, Stratigraphic significance of Glyptograptus persculptus group 

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Cellura, B.R., and Noble, P.J., 2000, Detailed mapping and biostratigraphy are used to 

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42
Churkin, Michael, Jr., 1963, Graptolite beds in thrust plates of central Nevada and their 

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Finney, S.C., 1997, Late Ordovician crises—an integrated multi-disciplinary 

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Finney, S.C., 1998, The Laurentian affinity of the Roberts Mountains allochthon [abs.]: 

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Finney, S.C., 2001, Species diversification during mass extinction—Graptolites in the 

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Finney, S.C., 2001, Mass extinction as an artifact of stratigraphic resolution—An 

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Finney, S.C., and Berry, W.B.N., 1999, Late Ordovician graptolite extinction—The 

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Finney, S.C., Berry, W.B.N., Cooper, J.D., Ripperdan, R.L., Sweet, W.C., Jacobson, S.R. 

Soufiane, A., Achau, A., and Noble, P.J., 1999, Late Ordovician mass 

extinction—A new perspective from stratigraphic sections in central Nevada: 

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that the Roberts Mountains allochthon (RMA) is not exotic [abs.]: Geological 

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43
Kay, Marshall, 1962, Classification of Ordovician Chazyan shelly and graptolite 

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McKee, E.H., Norford, B.S., and Ross, R.J., Jr., 1972, Correlation of the Ordovician 

shelly facies Orthidiella zone with zones of the graptolitic facies, Toquima 

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Survey Professional Paper 800-C, p. C145-C156. 

McKee, E.H., Ross, R.J., and Norford, B.S., 1971, New Ordovician zonal interpretations 

in Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 750-A, p. A133. 

Merriam, C.W., and Anderson, C.A., 1942, Reconnaissance survey of the Roberts 

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Mitchell, C.E., and Finney, S.C., 2000, Late Ibexian and early Whiterockain graptolite 

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member of the Vinini Formation, Nevada: Long Beach, California State 

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Ross, R.J., Jr., and Berry, W.B.N., 1963, Ordovician graptolites of the Basin Ranges in 

California, Nevada, Utah, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1134, 177 

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Ross, R.J., Jr., and Ethington, R. L., 1991, Stratotype of Ordovician Whiterock Series, 

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Ruedemann, Rudolf, 1908, Graptolites of New York: New York State Museum Memoir 

11, 583 p. 

Soufiane, Azzedine, Achab, A., and Jacobson, S.R., 1997, Late Ordovician crises—The 

chitinozoans, acritarchs, and kerogen record [abs.]: Geological Society of 

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Hyolitha 

Malinky, J.M., 1987, Taxonomic revision of lower and middle Paleozoic Orthothecida 

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p. 942-959. 

Microfossils (not sorted by fossil group) 

44
Madden-McGuire, D.J., Hutter, T.J., and Suczek, C.A., 1991, Late Cambrian-Early 

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Ostracoda 

Berdan, J.M., 1976, Middle Ordovician ostracodes from the Great Basin [abs.]: 

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Gunn, S.M., 1998, Paleoenvironment and paleoecology of the Ordovician Pogonip Group 

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early Paleozoic history of gastropods and bivalves: University of California at 

Riverside, unpublished Master’s thesis, 143 p. 

Li, Xing, and Droser, M.L., 1999, Lower and Middle Ordovician shell beds from the 

Basin and Range Province of the Western United States (California, Nevada, and 

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McKee, E.H., Norford, B.S., and Ross, R.J., Jr., 1972, Correlation of the Ordovician 

shelly facies Orthidiella zone with zones of the graptolitic facies, Toquima 

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Walcott, C.D., 1884, Paleontology of the Eureka district [Nevada]: U.S. Geological 

Survey Monograph 8, 298 p. 

Radiolaria 

Cellura, B.R., and Noble, P.J., 2000, Detailed mapping and biostratigraphy are used to 

decipher stratigraphic relationships of the Roberts Mountains allochthon, 

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Dunham, J.B., and Murphy, M.A., 1975, An occurrence of well preserved Radiolaria 

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Dunham, J.B., and Murphy, M.A., 1976, An occurrence of well preserved Radiolaria 

from the Upper Ordovician (Caradocian), Eureka County, Nevada: Journal of 

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Finney, S.C., Berry, W.B.N., Cooper, J.D., Ripperdan, R.L., Sweet, W.C., Jacobson, 

S.R., Soufiane, A., Achab, A., and Noble, P.J., 1999, Late Ordovician mass 

45
extinction—A new perspective from stratigraphic sections in central Nevada: 

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Hall, Tim, Noble, P.J., Chadwick, Tom, and Dobak, P.J., 2002, Biostratigraphic 

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Kozur, H.W., and Repetski, J.E., 2002, Paulanoblella, nomen novum (Radiolaria) 

replaces Noblella Kozur, Mostler & Repetski, 1996, a homonym of Noblella

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Noble, P.J., 1997, Late Ordovician crises—The siliceous microfossil record [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 6, p. 356. 

Theodore, T.G., 1994, Preliminary geologic map of the Snow Gulch quadrangle, 

Humboldt and Lander Counties, Nevada, with a section on Radiolarians in the 

Ordovician Valmy Formation and Devonian Scott Canyon Formation by B.L. 

Murchey, and a section on Helicoprion sp. from the Pennsylvanian and Permian 

Antler Peak Limestone, Lander County, Nevada, by R.A. Hanger, E.E. Strong, 

and R.T. Ashinhurst: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-436, 31 p., 1 

sheet, scale 1:24,000. 

Sponges (Porifera) 

Bassler, R.S., 1941, The Nevada early Ordovician (Pogonip) sponge fauna: U.S. National 

Museum Proceedings, v. 91, no. 3126, p. 91-102. 

Greife, J.L., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1963, Sponges and brachiopods from the Middle 

Ordovician Mazourka Formation, Independence quadrangle, California: Journal 

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Rigby, J.K., 1959, Some Ordovician sponge localities from western Utah and eastern 

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192. 

Rigby, J.K., 1967, A new polyactinal sponge from the Antelope Valley Formation 

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Rigby, J.K., 1968, New polyactinal sponge from the Ordovician Pogonip Group, 

Toquima Range, Nevada: Special Paper—Geological Society of America, 1968, 

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46
Rigby, J.K., 1995, The hexactinellid sponge Cyathophycus from the Lower-Middle 

Ordovician Vinini Formation of central Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 69, 

no. 3, p. 409-416. 

Trace Fossils (Ichnofossils) 

Alpert, S.P., 1973, Bergaueria Prantl (Cambrian and Ordovician), a probable actinian 

trace fossil: Journal of Paleontology, v. 47, no. 5, p. 919-924. 

Droser, M.L., 1987, Trends in extent and depth of bioturbation in Great Basin 

Precambrian-Ordovician strata, California, Nevada, and Utah: Los Angeles, 

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Sheehan, P.M., and Schiefelbein, D.R.J., 1984, The trace fossil Thalassinoides from the 

upper Ordovician of the eastern Great Basin, deep burrowing in the early 

Paleozoic: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 440-447. 

Trilobita 

Adrain, J.M., and Westrop, S.R., 1999, Ontogeny, cryptogenesis, and the origin of the 

Whiterock trilobite fauna [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

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Finnegan, Seth, 1999, Constraining the Ordovician radiation—Trilobite diversity and 

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Nevada [abs.], p. 4, in Erwin, D.M., and Lesen, Amy, eds., 1999 California 

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rhynchonelliform brachiopods across the Lower/Middle Ordovician boundary, 

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western United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 70, no. 1, p. 73-99. 

Fortey, R.A., and Droser, M.L., 1999, Trilobites from the base of the type Whiterockian 

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201. 

Hintze, L.F., 1952 (1953), Lower Ordovician trilobites from western Utah and eastern 

Nevada: Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Bulletin 48, 249 p. 

Kay, Marshall, 1962, Classification of Ordovician Chazyan shelly and graptolite 

sequences from central Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 73, 

no. 11, p. 1421-1429. 

47
Li, Xing, and Droser, M.L., 1999, Lower and Middle Ordovician shell beds from the 

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Utah): Palaios, v. 14, no. 3, p. 215-233. 

Loch, J.D., 2002, Trilobite biostratigraphy across the base of the Whiterockian Series 

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McKee, E.H., Ross, R.J., and Norford, B.S., 1971, New Ordovician zonal interpretations 

in Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 750-A, p. A133. 

Ross, R.J., Jr., 1951, Stratigraphy of the Garden City formation in northeastern Utah, and 

its trilobite faunas: Yale University Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin 

6, 161 p., 36 pls. 

Ross, R.J., 1967, Some Middle Ordovician brachiopods and trilobites from the Basin 

Ranges, western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 523-D, 

43 p., 11 pls. 

Ross, R.J., 1970, Ordovician brachiopods, trilobites, and stratigraphy in eastern and 

central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 639, 103 p. 

Ross, R.J., Jr., Wilson, L.A., and Dean, W.T., 1971, Ordovician stratigraphy of Nevada: 

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Ross, R.J., Jr., and Shaw, F.C., 1972, Distribution of the Middle Ordovician Copenhagen 

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Yu, Feng, 1996, Ontogeny, taxonomy, and taphonomy of some Upper Ordovician 

silicified trilobites from eastern Nevada, U.S.A: Edmonton, University of Alberta, 

unpublished Master’s thesis, 154 p. 

Walcott, C.D., 1884, Paleontology of the Eureka district [Nevada]: U.S. Geological 

Survey Monograph 8, 298 p. 

Whittington, H.B., 1948, A new Lower Ordovician trilobite [Ptyocephalus, Nevada]: 

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Paleontology (undifferentiated by faunal or floral group) 

Pestana, H.R., 1960, Fossils from the Johnson Spring Formation, Middle Ordovician, 

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48
Phleger, F.B., Jr., 1933, Notes on certain Ordovician faunas of the Inyo Mountains, 

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Sporer, Peggy, 1982, Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Lower Ordovician 

Pogonip Ridge core, White Pine Range, Nevada: Columbia, University of 

Missouri, unpublished Master’s thesis. 

Weber, J.F., 1984, The biostratigraphy and paleogeography of the Lower Ordovician 

Ninemile Formation, Pogonip Formation, central Nevada: Golden, Colorado 

School of Mines, unpublished Master’s thesis, 138 p. 

Paleoecology 

Gunn, S.M., 1998, Paleoenvironment and paleoecology of the Ordovician Pogonip Group 

Member F (Arrow Canyon Range, south-central Nevada)—Implications for the 

early Paleozoic history of gastropods and bivalves: University of California at 

Riverside, unpublished Master’s thesis, 143 p. 

Yancey, E.S., 1971, Early Middle Ordovician marine benthic communities in southern 

Nevada and California: Berkeley, University of California, unpublished Master’s 

thesis. 

Stratigraphy 

Alba, C.A., 1981, Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Ordovician through 

Devonian Mountain Springs Formation, southern Nevada: San Diego State 

University, unpublished Master’s thesis. 

Bathurst, R.G.C., 1977, Ordovician Meiklejohn bioherms, Nevada: Geological Magazine, 

v. 114, no. 4, p. 308-311. 

Byers, F.M., Jr., Barnes, H., Poole, F.G., and Ross, R.J., Jr., 1961, Revised subdivision of 

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Chamberlin, T.L., 1971, The Ordovician-Silurian boundary in the Arrow Canyon Range, 

Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, unpublished Master’s 

thesis. 

Chamberlin, T.L., 1975, Stratigraphy of the Ordovician Ely Springs Dolomite in the 

southeastern Great Basin, Utah and Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, 

unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 209 p. 

49
Christensen, R.M., 1957, The Lower and Middle Ordovician stratigraphy in south-central 

Nevada: Lincoln, University of Nebraska, unpublished Master’s thesis, 131 p. 

Churkin, Michael, Jr., and Kay, M., 1967, Graptolite-bearing Ordovician siliceous and 

volcanic rocks, northern Independence Range, Nevada: Geological Society of 

America Bulletin, v. 78, no. 5, p. 651-668. 

Cook, H.E., and Egbert, R.M., 1981, Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician continental margin 

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Paleogeography 

Cook, H.E., and Egbert, R.M., 1981, Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician continental margin 

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Dunham, J.B., 1977, Depositional environments, paleogeography, and diagenesis of the 

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Dunham, J.B., 1977, Depositional environments and paleogeography of the Upper 

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Horn, B.A., 1977, Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Eureka Quartzite, 

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Kaya, Ali, 1993, Depositional environments, diagenesis, and burial history of the 

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central Nevada: New York, City College (CUNY), unpublished Ph.D. 

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Langenheim, R.L., Jr., Barnes, J.A., Delise, K.C., Ross, W.A., and Stanton, J.M., 1956, 

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Lowell, J.D., 1960, Ordovician miogeosynclinal margin in central Nevada: Twenty-first 

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Marchel, R.J., 1978, The depositional environment and paleogeography of the Lower 

Ordovician Goodwin Limestone in north central Nevada: Detroit, Wayne State 

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McDowell, R.R., 1987, Paleogeography, depositional environments, and petroleum 

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of Mines, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 410 p. 

Pierce, R.W., Ely, R.W., Stieglitz, R.D., Courtright, T.R., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 

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Poole, F.G., Stewart, J.H., Palmer, A.R., Sandberg, C.A., Madrid, R.J., Ross, R.J., Jr., 

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Devonian time—Development of a continental margin, in Burchfiel, B.C., 

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Ross, R.J., Jr., 1977, Ordovician paleogeography of the western United States, in Stewart, 

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Ross, R.J., Jr., and Ingham, J.K., 1970, Distribution of the Toquima-Table Head (Middle 

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Weber, J.F., 1984, The biostratigraphy and paleogeography of the Lower Ordovician 

Ninemile Formation, Pogonip Formation, central Nevada: Golden, Colorado 

School of Mines, unpublished Master’s thesis, 138 p. 

Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

Bathurst, R.G.C., 1977, Ordovician Meiklejohn bioherms, Nevada: Geological Magazine, 

v. 114, no. 4, p. 308-311. 

Berry, W.B.N., 1962, Comparison of some Ordovician limestones: American Association 

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Carpenter, R.M., 1981, Lithofacies and depositional environments of the Upper 

Ordovician-Lower Silurian carbonates of the eastern Great Basin, Utah and 

Nevada: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, unpublished Master’s thesis, 139 p. 

Church, S.B., 1974, Lower Ordovician patch reefs in western Utah: Provo, Brigham 

Young University Geological Studies, v. 21, p. 41-62. 

Cook, H.E., and Mullins, H.T., 1983, Basin margin environment, in Scholle, P.A., and 

Bebout, D.G., and Moore, C.H., eds., Carbonate depositional environments: 

American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 33, p. 539-618. 

Kaya, Ali, 1993, Depositional environments, diagenesis, and burial history of the 

Antelope Valley Limestone (Lower-Middle Ordovician) in the Great Basin, 

central Nevada: New York, City College (CUNY), unpublished Ph.D. 

dissertation, 793 p. 

Ross, R.J., Jr., Jaanusson, V., and Friedman, I., 1975, Lithology and origin of Middle 

Ordovician calcareous mudmound at Meiklejohn Peak, southern Nevada: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 871, 48 p. 

Ross, R.J., Jr., James, N.P., Hintze, L.H., and Poole, F.G., 1989, Architecture and 

evolution of a Whiterockian (early Middle Ordovician) carbonate platform, Basin 

Ranges of western U.S.A., in Crevello, P.D., Wilson, J.L., Sarg, J.F., and Read, 

J.F., eds., Carbonate platform and basin development: Society of Economic 

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Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 44, Tulsa, Oklahoma, p. 

167-185. 

Stricker, G.D., 1973, Carbonate microfacies of the Pogonip Group (Lower Ordovician), 

Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, 

unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 76 p. 

Petroleum Potential 

Berry, W.B.N., Finney, S.C., and Cooper, J.D., 2001, Late Ordovician oil shale, Vinini 

Formation, central Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 33, no. 6, p. 101. 

McDowell, R.R., 1986, Middle Ordovician Kanosh Shale—An overlooked Great Basin 

source rock [abs.]: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 70, 

p. 1048. 

McDowell, R.R., 1987, Paleogeography, depositional environments, and petroleum 

potential of the Middle Ordovician Kanosh Formation: Golden, Colorado School 

of Mines, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 410 p. 

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Willden, R., and Kistler, R.W., 1967, Ordovician tectonism in the Ruby Mountains, Elko 

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Web Sites 

Ordovician Fossils in the Toquima Range, Nevada: 

http://members.aol.com/Waucoba7/tr/toquima.html

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64
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geologic history across the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F, mid-Late Devonian) 

boundary mass extinction, central Great Basin, western U.S.: Boulder, University 

of Colorado, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 355 p. 

Morrow, J.R., 2000, Shelf-to-basin lithofacies and conodont paleoecology across 

Frasnian-Famennian (F-F, mid-Late Devonian) boundary, central Great Basin 

(western U.S.A.): Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 219, Frankfurt am 

Main, 57 p. 

Murphy, M.A., 1981, The application of Shaw’s method of graphic correlation to Lower 

Devonian conodonts from Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 13, no. 7, p. 516. 

 

Murphy, M.A., 1987, The possibility of a Lower Devonian equal-increment time scale 

based on lineages in Lower Devonian conodonts, in Austin, R.L., ed., 

Conodonts—Investigative techniques and applications, Chichester, England, Ellis 

Horwood, p. 284-293. 

Murphy, M.A., 1989, Lower Pragian boundary (Lower Devonian) and its application in 

Nevada, in Ziegler, Willi, ed., 1st International Senckenberg conference and 5th 

European conodont symposium (ECOS V), Contribution III, Paper on Ordovician 

to Triassic Conodonts: Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, v. 117, p. 61-70. 

83
Murphy, M.A., 1993, The Pandorinellia? boucoti lineage (Lochkovian, Devonian, 

conodonts): Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, no. 5, p. 869-874. 

Murphy, M.A., and Berry, W.B.., 1983, Early Devonian conodont-graptolite collation 

and correlations with brachiopod and coral zones, central Nevada: The American 

Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 67, p. 371-379. 

Murphy, M.A., and Cebeçioglu, M.K., 1983, The Icriodus steinachensis and I. claudiae

lineages (Devonian conodonts) [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts 

with Programs, v. 15, no. 5, p. 292. 

Murphy, M.A., and Cebeçioglu, M.K., 1984, The Icriodus steinachensis and I. claudiae

lineages (Devonian conodonts): Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, no. 6, p. 1399-

1411. 

Murphy, M.A., and Cebeçioglu, M.K., 1986, Statistical study of Ozarkodina excavata

(Branson and Mehl) and O. tuma Murphy and Matti (Lower Devonian), Delta

Zone, conodonts, Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, p. 865-869. 

Murphy, M.A., and Cebeçioglu, M.K., 1987, Morphometric study of the genus 

Ancryodelloides (Lower Devonian, conodonts), central Nevada: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 61, p. 583-594. 

Murphy, M.A., and Matti, J.C., 1983, Lower Devonian conodonts (hesperius and kindlei

Zones), central Nevada: University California Publications Geological Sciences, 

v. 123, p. 1-82 [imprint 1982]. 

Murphy, M.A., Matti, J.C., and Walliser, O.H., 1981, Biostratigraphy and evolution of 

the Ozarkodina remscheidensis-Eognathodus sulcatus lineage (Lower Devonian) 

in central Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 55, p. 747-772. 

Murphy, M.A., and Springer, K.B., 1989, Morphometric study of the platform elements 

of Amydrotaxis praejohnsoni n. sp (Lower Devonian, conodonts, Nevada): 

Journal of Paleontology, v. 63, no. 3, p. 349-355. 

Murphy, M.A., and Valenzuela-Ríos, J.I., 1999, Lanea new genus, lineage of Early 

Devonian, conodonts: Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, v. 37, p. 

321-334. 

Murphy, M.A., Valenzuela-Ríos, J.I., and Santos, Fidalgo, L., Evolucion mofologica y 

posicion estratigrafica del grupo Ancyrodelloides eleanorae (Conodonta, 

Devonico inferior) [abs.]: XIII jornadas de paleontologia; V reunion internacional 

Paleozoic, PICG; libro de resumenes y excursions, Grandal d’Anglade, A. 

(Universidad La Coruna, La Coruna, Spain), p. 208. 

84
Murphy, M.A., Valenzuela-Ríos, J.I., and Carls, P., 2004, On classification of Pridoli 

(Silurian)-Lochkovian (Devonian) Spathognathodontidae (Conodonts): Riverside, 

University of California, Campus Museum Contribution, v. 6, p. 1–25. 

Reinbold, M.L., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1977, Conodonts of the upper member, 

Arrow Canyon Formation, and the Crystal Pass Limestone, Late Devonian, Las 

Vegas Range, Nevada: Earth Science Bulletin (Casper, Wyoming Geological 

Association), v. 10, no. 2, p. 3-28. 

Roopnarine, P.D., and Byars, G.L., 1997, Coordinated evolution of Lower Devonian 

icriodid conodonts and the limitation of random walk hypotheses [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 6, p. 103. 

Sandberg, C.A., 1976, Conodont biofacies of Late Devonian Polygnathus styriacus Zone 

in western United States: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 15, p. 

171-186. 

Sandberg, C.A., 1979, Devonian and Lower Mississippian conodont zonation of the 

Great Basin and Rocky Mountains, in Sandberg, C.A. and Clark, D.L., eds., 

Conodont biostratigraphy of the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains: Provo, 

Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 26, pt. 3, p. 87-106. 

Sandberg, C.A., 1980, Use of Devonian conodonts in petroleum exploration, western 

United States [abs.]: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 

64, no. 5, p. 780. 

Sandberg, C.A., and Dreesen, R., 1984, Late Devonian icriodontid biofacies models and 

alternate shallow-water conodont zonation, in Clark, D.L., ed., Conodont 

biofacies and provincialism: Geological Society of America Special Paper 196, p. 

143–178, 4 pls. 

Sandberg, C.A., and Gutschick, R.C., 1979, Guide to conodont stratigraphy of Upper 

Devonian and Mississippian rocks along the Wasatch Front and Cordilleran 

Hingeline, Utah, in Sandberg, C.A., and Clark, D.L., eds., Condont 

biostratigraphy of the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains: Provo, Brigham Young 

University Geology Studies, v. 26, pt. 3, p. 107-134. 

Sandberg, C.A., Morrow, J.R., and Ziegler, W., 2002, Late Devonian sea-level changes, 

catastrophic events, and mass extinctions, in Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K.G., 

eds., Catastrophic events and mass extinctions—Impacts and beyond: Geological 

Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 473–487. 

Sandberg, C.A., and Poole, F.G., 1970, Conodont biostratigraphy and age of West Range 

Limestone and Pilot Shale at Bactrian Mountain, Pahranagat Range, Nevada: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 2, no. 2, p. 139. 

85
Sandberg, C.A., and Poole, F.G., 1977, Conodont biostratigraphy and depositional 

complexes of Upper Devonian cratonic-platform and continental-shelf rocks in 

the western United States, in Murphy, M.A., Berry, W.B.N., and Sandberg, C.A., 

eds., Symposium on the western North American Devonian: University of 

California, Riverside Campus Museum Contribution 4, p. 144-182. 

Sandberg, C. A., Poole, F.G., and Gutschick, R.C., 1980, Devonian and Mississippian 

stratigraphy and conodont zonation of Pilot and Chainman Shales, Confusion 

Range, Utah, in Fouch, T.D., and Magathan, E., eds., Paleozoic paleogeography 

of west-central United States, Rocky Mountain Paleogeography Symposium 1: 

Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Rocky Mountain Section, 

p. 71-79. 

Sandberg, C.A., Streel, M., and Scott, R.A., 1972, Comparison between conodont 

zonation and spore assemblages at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the 

western and central United States and Europe: Septième Congrès International de 

Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère, Krefeld, 23—28. August 1971, 

Compte Rendu 1, p. 179-203. 

Sandberg, C.A., and Ziegler, W., 1973, Refinement of standard Upper Devonian 

conodont zonation based on sections in Nevada and West Germany: Geologica et 

Palaeontologica, v. 7, p. 97–122, 5 pls. 

Sandberg, C.A., Ziegler, W., and Bultynck, P., 1989, New standard conodont zones and 

early Ancyrodella phylogeny across middle-Upper Devonian boundary: Courier 

Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, v. 110, p. 195-230. 

Tillman, C.G., and Ketner, K.B., 1970, Devonian conodonts from Lone Mountain, Elko 

County, Nevada [Abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 

v. 2, no. 7, p. 707. 

Valenzuela-Rios, J.I., 1994, A new biostratigraphic subdivision of the upper Lochkovian 

(Lower Devonian) based on conodont sequences from Spain and western North 

America [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, 

no. 5, p. 66. 

Valenzuela-Rios, J.I., 1994, The Lower Devonian conodont Pedavis pesavis and the 

pesavis Zone: Lethaia, v. 27, p. 199-207. 

Valenzuela-Rios, J.I., and Murphy, M.A., 1994, Biostratigraphy and evolution of 

‘Ozarkodina stygia’ (Flajs) and its utility in correlating Lower Devonian 

sequences in western North America and Europe [abs.]: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, no. 5, p. 66. 

Valenzuela-Rios, J.I., and Murphy, M.A., 1997, A new zonation of middle Lochkovian 

(Lower Devonian) conodonts and evolution of Flajsella n. gen. (Conodonta), in

86
Klapper, Gilbert, Murphy, M.A., and Talent, J.A., eds., Paleozoic sequence 

stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and biogeography—Studies in honor of J. Granville 

(“Jess”) Johnson: Geological Society of America Special Paper 321, p. 131-144. 

Ziegler, W., Klapper, G., and Johnson, 1976, Redefinition and subdivision of the varcus

conodont Zone (Middle-?Upper Devonian) in Europe and North America: 

Geologica et Palaeontologica, v. 10, p. 109-132. 

Corals – Rugosa 

Johnson, J.G., and Oliver, W.A., Jr., 1977, Silurian and Devonian coral zones in the 

Great Basin, Nevada and California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 

88, no. 10, p. 1462-1468. 

Luke, K.J., 1978, Corals of the Devonian Guilmette Formation from the Leppy Range 

near Wendover, Utah-Nevada: Geology Studies [Provo, Brigham Young 

University, Department of Geology], v. 25, pt. 3, p. 83-98. 

Meek, F.B., 1877, Paleontology—Report of the geological exploration of the Fortieth 

Parallel, v. 4, p. 1-197, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 

Merriam, C.W., 1940, Devonian stratigraphy and paleontology of the Roberts Mountains 

region, Nevada: Geological Society of America Special Paper 25, 114 p., 16 pls. 

Merriam, C.W., 1967, New data on Nevada Devonian, in Geological Survey Research 

1967: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 575-A, p. A117. 

Merriam, C.W., 1971, Devonian coral of the Great Basin, in Geological Survey Research 

1971: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 750-A, p. A133. 

Merriam, C.W., 1973, Middle Devonian rugose corals of the central Great Basin: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 799, 53 p., 14 pls. 

Merriam, C.W., 1974, Lower and lower Middle Devonian rugose corals of the central 

Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 805, 83 p. 

Merriam, C.W., and McKee, E.H., 1976, The Roberts Mountains Formation, a regional 

stratigraphic study with emphasis on rugose coral distribution, with a section on

Conodonts, by John W. Huddle: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 973, 

51 p., 12 pls. 

Oliver, W.A., Jr., and Johnson, J.G., 1977, Notes on Upper Silurian and Devonian coral 

zones in the Great Basin, in Murphy, M.A., Berry, W.B.N., and Sandberg, C.A., 

eds., Symposium on the western North American Devonian: University of 

California, Riverside Campus Museum Contribution 4, p. 107-111. 

87
Pedder, A.E.H., 1964, Correlation of the Canadian Devonian Hume and Nahanni 

Formations by tetracorals: Palaeontology, v. 7, p. 430-451, pl. 62-73. 

[Paper focuses on Canadian material but includes illustrations of Nevadan corals] 

 

Pedder, A.E.H., 1977, Systematics and biostratigraphic importance of the Lower 

Devonian rugose coral genus Exilifrons: Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 77-

1B, p. 173-180. 

[Paper focuses on Canadian material but includes illustrations of Nevadan corals] 

Pedder, A.E.H., 1998, New and revised Lower Devonian Rugosa from western North 

America and Tasmania: Journal of Paleontology, v. 72, p. 224-245. 

Pedder, A.E.H., 2002, New systematic and biostratigraphic data concerning the 

Breviphyllidae (Lower Devonian Rugosa) of Nevada: Coral Research Bulletin, v. 

7, p. 141-166, 7 pl. 

 

Pedder, A.E.H., and Murphy, M.A., 1998, Lochkovian Rugosa of Nevada, in Klapper, G., 

Murphy, M.A., and Talent, J.A., eds., Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy, 

biostratigraphy, and biogeography—Studies in honor of J. Granville ("Jess") 

Johnson: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 321, p. 341-385. 

Pedder, A.E.H., and Murphy, M.A., 2003, The Papiliophyllidae (Lower Devonian 

Rugosa)—Their systematics and reinterpreted biostratigraphic value in Nevada: 

Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, p. 601-624. 

Pedder, A.E.H., and Murphy, M.A., 2004, Emsian (Lower Devonian) Rugosa of Nevada: 

Revision of systematics and stratigraphic ranges, and reassessment of faunal 

provincialism: Journal of Paleontology, v. 78, p. 838-865. 

Stumm, E.C., 1933, New species of Devonian corals from the Eureka District, Nevada: 

Washington, D.C., George Washington University, unpublished Master’s thesis, 

34 p. 

Stumm, E.C., 1936, Part 1, The lower Middle Devonian tetracorals of the Nevada 

Limestone; Part II, Upper Middle Devonian rugose corals of the Nevada 

Limestone: Princeton, N.J., Princeton University, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. 

Stumm, E.C., 1937, The lower Middle Devonian tetracorals of the Nevada Limestone: 

Journal of Paleontology, v. 11, no. 5, p. 423-443. 

Stumm, E.C., 1938, Upper Middle Devonian rugose corals of the Nevada Limestone: 

Journal of Paleontology, v. 12, no. 5, p. 478-485. 

88
Stumm, E.C., 1940, Upper Devonian rugose corals of the Nevada Limestone: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 14, no. 1, p. 57-67. 

Walcott, C.D., 1884, Paleontology of the Eureka district [Nevada]: U.S. Geological 

Survey Monograph 8, 298 p. 

Corals – Tabulata

Flory, R.A., 1975, Devonian tabulate corals of the Great Basin: Corvallis, Oregon State 

University, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 408 p. 

Flory, R.A., 1977, Devonian tabulate corals of central Nevada, in Murphy, M.A., Berry, 

W.B.N., and Sandberg, C.A., eds., Symposium on the western North American 

Devonian: University of California, Riverside Campus Museum Contribution 4, p. 

89-98. 

Flory, R.A., 1977, Devonian tabulate corals of central Nevada: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, no. 7, p. 976.

Johnson, J.G., and Flory, R.A., 1972, A Rassenriff fauna from the Middle Devonian of 

Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 46, p. 892-899. 

Luke, K.J., 1978, Corals of the Devonian Guilmette Formation from the Leppy Range 

near Wendover, Utah-Nevada: Geology Studies [Provo, Brigham Young 

University, Department of Geology], v. 25, pt. 3, p. 83-98. 

Meek, F.B., 1877, Paleontology—Report of the geological exploration of the Fortieth 

Parallel: Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., v. 4, p. 1-197. 

Merriam, C.W., 1940, Devonian stratigraphy and paleontology of the Roberts Mountains 

region, Nevada: Geological Society of America Special Paper 25, 114 p., 16 pls. 

Merriam, C.W., 1967, New data on Nevada Devonian, in Geological Survey Research 

1967: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 575-A, p. A117. 

Walcott, C.D., 1884, Paleontology of the Eureka district [Nevada]: U.S. Geological 

Survey Monograph 8, 298 p. 

Crinoidea 

 

Johnson, J.G., and Lane, N.G., 1969, Two new Devonian crinoids from central Nevada: 

Journal of Paleontology, v. 43, p. 69-73. 

Crustacea 

89
Berdan, J.M., 1983, Preliminary report on the occurrence of Angustidontus in Nevada and 

Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-355, 9 p. 

Foraminifera 

Hose, R.K., Wrucke, C.T., and Armstrong, A.K., 1979, Mixed Devonian and 

Mississippian conodont and foraminiferal faunas and their bearing on the Roberts 

Mountains thrust, Nevada: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 11, no. 7, p. 446. 

McClellan, W.A., 1973, Siluro-Devonian microfaunal biostratigraphy in Nevada: 

Bulletins of American Paleontology, v., 62, no. 274, p. 1-375. 

Gastropoda 

Blodgett, R.B., and Johnson, J.G., 1992, Early Middle Devonian (Eifelian) gastropods of 

central Nevada: Palaeontographica Abteilung A, v. 222, p. 85-139. 

Blodgett, R.B., and Johnson, J.G., 1995, Merriamites, a new name for the bellerophontid 

gastropod genus Merriamella Blodgett and Johnson: Journal of Paleontology, v. 

69, p. 608. 

Blodgett, R.B., Rohr, D.M., and Boucot, A.J., 1988, Lower Devonian gastropod 

biogeography of the Western Hemisphere, in McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., Glass, 

D.J., eds., Devonian of the World: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists 

Memoir 14, v. 3, p. 285-305. 

Blodgett, R.B., Rohr, D.M., and Boucot, A.J., 1990, Early and Middle Devonian 

gastropod biogeography, in McKerrow, W.S., and Scotese, C.R., eds., Palaeozoic 

paleogeography and biogeography: Geological Society (London) Memoir no. 12, 

p. 277-284. 

Hall, James, and Whitfield, R.P., 1877, Palaeontology—Report of the geological 

exploration of the Fortieth Parallel: Washington, D.C., Government Printing 

Office, v. 4, p. 197-302, pls. 1-7. 

Merriam, C.W., 1940, Devonian stratigraphy and paleontology of the Roberts Mountains 

region, Nevada: Geological Society of America Special Paper 25, 114 p., 16 pls. 

Merriam, C.W., 1973, Paleontology and stratigraphy of the Rabbit Hill Limestone and 

Lone Mountain Dolomite of central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional 

Paper 808, 50 p., 12 pls. 

90
Pedder, A.E.H., 1966, The Upper Devonian gastropod Orecopia in western Canada: 

Palaeontology, v. 9, pt. 1, p. 142-147 [includes description and illustration of 

Nevada specimens] 

Walcott, C.D., 1884, Paleontology of the Eureka district [Nevada]: U.S. Geological 

Survey Monograph 8, 298 p. 

Yochelson, E.L., 1971, A new Late Devonian gastropod and its bearing on problems of 

open coiling and septation, in Dutro, J.T., Jr., ed., Paleozoic perspectives—A 

paleontological tribute to G. Arthur Cooper: Smithsonian Contributions to 

Paleobiology, v. 3, p. 231-241. 

 

Graptolites 

Berry, W.B.N., 1964, American Early Devonian monograptids [abs.]: Geological Society 

of America Special Paper 82, p. 11. 

Berry, W.B.N., 1967, Monograptus hercynicus nevadensis n. subsp., from the Devonian 

in Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 575-B, p. B26-B31. 

Berry, W.B.N., 1968 (1967), American Devonian monograptids and the Siluro-Devonian 

boundary, in Oswald, D.H., ed., First International Symposium on the Devonian 

System, Calgary, Alberta, 1967: Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists, v. 2, p. 

961-971. 

Berry, W.B.N., 1968, A Devonian graptolite succession in the western United States 

[abs.]: 3rd International Symposium on Silurian-Devonian boundary and 

stratigraphy of the Lower and Middle Devonian, Leningrad, Abstracts 

Proceedings, p. 26-30. 

Berry, W.B.N., 1968, Siluro-Devonian graptolite sequence in the Great Basin [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, Program 64th Annual 

Meeting, p. 35-36. 

Berry, W.B.N., 1970, The base of the Devonian and an Early Devonian graptolite 

succession in central Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 

513-520. 

Berry, W.B.N., Jaeger, H., and Murphy, M.A., 1971, The position of Monograptus

uniformis in stratigraphic sequences in central Nevada: Geological Society of 

America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 1969-1972. 

Berry, W.B.N., and Murphy, M.A., 1972, Early Devonian graptolites from the Rabbit 

Hill Limestone in Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 46, no. 2, p. 261-265. 

91
[Monograptus thomasi and M. yukonensis, first occurrence together, Monitor Range 

area] 

Berry, W.B.N., and Murphy, M.A., 1975, Silurian and Devonian graptolites of central 

Nevada: University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 110, 109 

p., 15 pls. 

Johnson, J.G., and Murphy, M.A., 1969, Age and position of Lower Devonian graptolite 

zones relative to the Appalachian standard succession: Geological Society of 

America Bulletin, v. 80, p. 1275-1282. 

Murphy, M.A., and Berry, W.B.N., 1983, Early Devonian conodont-graptolite collation 

and correlations with brachiopod and coral zones, central Nevada: American 

Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 67, p. 371-379. 

Springer, K.B., 1989, Patterns of single character evolution in the Lower Devonian 

graptolite Monograptus hercynicus and implications for biostratigraphic 

correlation: Riverside, University of California, unpublished Master’s thesis, 98 p. 

Springer, K.B., and Murphy, M.A., 1994, Punctuated stasis and collateral eveolution in 

the Devonian lineage of Monograptus hercynicus: Lethaia, v. 27, p. 119-128. 

Hyolitha 

Walcott, C.D., 1884, Paleontology of the Eureka district [Nevada]: U.S. Geological 

Survey Monograph 8, 298 p. 

Ostracoda 

Berdan, J.M., 1953, Devonian ostracode fauna from Nevada [abst.]: Geological Society 

of America Bulletin, v. 64, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1394. 

Berdan, J.M., 1977, Early Devonian ostracode assemblages from Nevada [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, no. 7, p. 894.

Berdan, J.M., 1977, Early Devonian ostracode assemblages from Nevada, in Murphy, 

M.A., Berry, W.B.N., and Sandberg, C.A., eds., Symposium on the western North 

American—Devonian: University of California, Riverside Campus Museum 

Contribution 4, p. 55-64. 

Berdan, J.M., 1978, Redescription of the Early Devonian beyrichiacean ostracode 

Arikloedenia occidentalis (Walcott, 1884): Journal of Paleontology, v. 52, no. 2, 

p. 234-242. 

Berdan, J.M., 1986, New ostracode genera from the Lower Devonian McMonnigal 

Limestone of central Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, no. 2, p. 361-378. 

92
Casier, Jean-Georges, and Lethiers, Francis, 1996, Ostracods surviving the Late 

Devonian mass extinction in the Devils Gate Pass section, Nevada, U.S.A. [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 7, p. 172. 

Casier, Jean-Georges, and Lethiers, Francis, 1997, Ostracodes and the Late Devonian 

mass extinction—Steinbruch Schmidt (Germany) and Devils Gate (Nevada) 

[abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 6, p. 

95. 

Casier, Jean-Georges, and Lethiers, Francis, 1998, Renewing of ostracods after the Late 

Devonian mass extinction in the Devils Gate Pass section, Nevada, and the 

Coumiac GSSP, France [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 30, no. 7, p. 25. 

Casier, Jean-Georges, and Lethiers, Francis, 1998, Les Ostracodes du Frasnien terminal 

(zone a linguiformis des Conodontes) de la coup du col de Devils Gate (Nevada, 

USA): Bulletin de l’institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences 

de la Terre, v. 68, p. 77-95. 

Casier, Jean-Georges, and Lethiers, Francis, 1998, The recovery of the ostracode fauna 

after the Late Devonian mass extinction—The Devils Gate Pass section example 

(Nevada, USA): Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, Serie II. Sciences 

de la Terre et des Planetes, v. 327, no. 7, p. 501-507. 

Casier, Jean-Georges, and Lethiers, Francis, 1998, Les Ostracodes survivants a 

l’extinction du Devonien superieur dans la coupe du Col de Devils Gate (Nevada, 

U.S.A.): Geobios, v. 30, no. 6, p. 811-821. 

Casier, Jean-Georges, Lethiers, Francis, and Claeys, Phillipe, 1995, Ostracod evidence 

for an abrupt mass extinction at the Frasnian/Famennian boundary (Devils Gate, 

Nevada) [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 27, 

no. 6, p. 243. 

Casier, Jean-Georges, Lethiers, Francis, and Claeys, P., 1996, Ostracod evidence for an 

abrupt mass extinction at the Frasnian/Famennian boundary (Devils Gate, 

Nevada, USA): Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, Serie II. Sciences 

de la Terre et des Planetes, v. 322, no. 5, p. 415-422. 

Evola, G.M., 1983, Lower Devonian ostracodes from the hesperius, eurekaensis, delta, 

and pesavis Zones of central Nevada: University of California Riverside, 

unpublished Master’s Thesis. 

Kennedy, P.J., 1977, The Lower Devonian ostracode sequence at Table Mountain, near 

Eureka, Nevada, in Murphy, M.A., Berry, W.B.N., and Sandberg, C.A., eds., 

Symposium on the western North American Devonian: University of California, 

Riverside Campus Museum Contribution 4, p. 80-88. 

93
LeFebvre, B.H., 1988, Petrology and biostratigraphy of the Lower Devonian 

(Lochkovian) McMonnigal Limestone and (Pragian) lower member of the Rabbit 

Hill Limestone, northern Toquima Range, Nye County, Nevada: University of 

California at Riverside, unpublished Master’s thesis, 211 p. 

Luptowitz, L.M., 1990, Biogeography and affinity of Lower Devonian (Pragian) 

ostracodes from central Nevada [abs.]: PaleoBios, v. 13, no. 49, Supplement, p. 5-

6. 

Luptowitz, L.M., and Murphy, M.A., 1992, Integration of ostracode and conodont 

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Rose, P.R., 1976, Mississippian carbonate shelf margins, western United States, in Hill, 

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Petroleum Potential 

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Sandberg, C.A., and Gutschick, R.C., 1984, Distribution, microfauna, and source-rock 

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Trexler, J.H., Jr., Snyder, Walter, Schwarz, David, Kurka, M.T., and Crosbie, Ryan, 

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Walker, J.P., Trexler, J.H., Jr., Mitchell, J.A., Saucier, A.E., and French, D.E., 

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Webster, G.D., Brenckle, P.L., Gordon, Mackenzie, Jr., Lane, H.R., Langenheim, R.L., 

Jr., Sanderson, G.A., and Tidwell, W.D., 1984, The Mississippian-Pennsylvanian 

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Tectonics 

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Mississippian conodont and foraminiferal faunas and their bearing on the Roberts 

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McKee, E.D., Roberts, A.E., Sable, E.G., Schnabel, R.W., Sheldon, R.P., Skipp, Betty, 

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Chemostratigraphy 

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PENNSYLVANIAN 

Ammonoidea 

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Titus, A.L., 1997, The first record of Cancelloceras (Early Pennsylvanian Ammonoidea) 

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Titus, A.L., and Manger, W.L., 1992, Mid-Carboniferous (E (sub2c) –H (sub1b) 

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Homoceras: Memoir – Journal of Paleontology, v. 55., 31 p. 

Titus, A.I., Webster, G.D., Manger, W.L., and Dewey, C.P., 1997, Biostratigraphic 

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Bivalvia 

Lane, B.O., 1962, The fauna of the Ely Group in the Illipah area of Nevada: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 36, no. 5, p. 888-911. 

Brachiopoda 

Adams, T.P., 1989, Paleoecology and biostratigraphy of the Zone 21 (Pennsylvanian) 

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Beus, S.S., and Lane, N.G., 1969, Middle Pennsylvanian fossils from Indian Springs, 

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Campagna, P.M., and Savage, N.M., 1992, Pennsylvanian brachiopod communities in the 

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Huff, B.G., 1984, Brachiopod systematics, biostratigraphy and paleoecology of a 

proposed upper Atokan stratotype, Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada: 

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Huff, B.G., and Langenheim, R.L., 1984, Late Atokan brachiopod biostratigraphy, Bird 

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Kwolek, J.M., 1982, Early Atokan brachiopods, Unit N-4, Bird Spring Group, Clark 

County, Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, unpublished Bachelor’s thesis, 33 

p. 

Lane, B.O., 1962, The fauna of the Ely Group in the Illipah area of Nevada: Journal of 

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Lane, N.G., 1963, A silicified Morrowan brachiopod faunule from the Bird Spring 

Formation, southern Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 37, no. 2, p. 379-392. 

Lane, N.G., 1964, Costation patterns in Early Pennsylvanian spiriferids: Journal of 

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Langenheim, R.L., Jr., Adams, T.P., Shroba, C.S., Vaiden, R.C., 1990, Chesterian through 

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Langenheim, R.L., Huff, B.G., Lipman, E.W., Moffett, D.L., and Vaiden, R.C., 1986, 

Brachiopod paleoecology on the Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) shelf margin, 

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actuels—Actes du 1er congres international sur les brachiopodes, Sept. 9-13, 1985, 

Brest, France: Biostratigraphie du Paleozoique, v. 4, p. 323-329. 

Langenheim, R.L., Huff, B.G., Lipman, E.W., and Vaiden, R.C., 1985, Preliminary report of 

the brachiopod fauna, Arrow Canyon section, southern Nevada, USA: Compte 

Rendu–Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere = 

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1983, Madrid Spain], v. 10, p. 425-433. 

Lipman, E.W., 1982, Systematics, biostratigraphy and paleoecology of Missourian and 

Virgilian brachiopods of the Bird Spring Group, Arrow Canyon, Arrow Canyon 

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Master’s thesis, 245 p. 

Lipman, E.W., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1982, Missourian and Virgilian brachiopod 

biostratigraphy, Bird Spring Group at Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada 

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594-595. 

Moffett, D.L., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1986, Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of 

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Pérez-Huerta, Alberto, 2002, Pennsylvanian brachiopods from eastern Great Basin, 

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Pérez-Huerta, Alberto, 2003, Correlations between sea-level change, nutrient availability, 

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Pérez-Huerta, Alberto, 2004, New Carboniferous brachiopods from the eastern Great 

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Pérez-Huerta, Alberto, and Savage, N.M., 2001, Pennsylvanian brachiopod assemblage 

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Petersen, D.W., 1984, Spiriferellina lata Lane in the uppermost Chesterian in the Bird 

Spring Group at Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, University of 

Illinois, unpublished Bachelor’s thesis, 24 p. 

Rai, V.N., 1972, Pennsylvanian biostratigraphy in eastern Nevada: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 4, no. 3, p. 221. 

Rai, V.N., 1972, Pennsylvanian brachiopods of Nevada: Reno, University of Nevada, 

unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 135 p. 

Roadcap, G.S., 1986, Anthracospirifer opimus Hall, Anthracospirifer curvilateralis

alatus Moffet, and Neospirifer alatus Dunbar and Condra in the Bird Spring 

Group at Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, 

unpublished Bachelor’s thesis, 24 p. 

Roadcap, G.S., Yarnold, J.C., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1988, Brachiopods in the basal 

Desmoinesian at Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: Transactions of the 

Illinois State Academy of Sciens, v. 81, nos. 3-4, p. 231-246. 

Schenck, L.R., 1982, An early Atokan brachiopod faunule, Bird Spring Group, Arrow 

Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, unpublished 

Bachelor’s thesis, 18 p. 

Schulmeister, M.K., 1985, Echinaria ovalensis of the lowermost Morrowan in the Bird 

Spring Group at Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, University of 

Illinois, unpublished Bachelor’s thesis, 28 p. 

Shroba, C.S., 1984, A new species of Neospirifer from the lowermost Pennsylvanian in 

the Bird Spring Group, Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, 

University of Illinois, unpublished Bachelor’s thesis, 25 p. 

Shroba, C.S., 1988, Brachiopod biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments across the 

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Vaiden, R.C., and Langenheim, R.L. Jr., 1985, Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of 

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Nevada [abs.]: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 2, 

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Yarnold, J.C., 1986, Echinaria knighti, Antiquatonia hermosana, and Composita ovata of 

the uppermost Atokan and lowermost Desmoinesian in the Bird Spring Group, 

Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, unpublished 

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Bryozoa 

Boardman, R.S., and McKinney, F.K., 1976, Skeletal architecture and preserved organs 

of four-sided zooids in convergent genera of Paleozoic Trepostomata (Bryozoa): 

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Gilmour, E.H., 2007, New Carboniferous Bryozoa of the Bird Spring Formation, 

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Cephalopoda 

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Paleontology, v. 36, no. 5, p. 888-911. 

Conodonta 

Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Theodore, T.G., Harris, A.G., and Stevens, C.H., 2001, 

Sedimentology of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Strathearn Formation, northern 

Carlin trend, Nevada, with a section on microfossil controls on age of the 

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Johnson, W.J., 1987, Conodont biostratigraphy, sedimentology, and depositional 

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University of Wisconsin, unpublished Master’s thesis, 100 p. 

Johnson, W.J., and Clark, D.L., 1990, Conodont biofacies and Pennsylvanian–Permian 

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Abstracts with Programs, v. 22, no. 1, p. 10. 

Jones, A.E., 1991, Tectonic significance of Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic terrane 

accretion in northern Nevada: Berkeley, University of California, unpublished 

Ph.D. dissertation, 256 p. 

Kramer, J.M., Quinn, T.J., and Schiappa, T.A., 2006, Age determination of the midPennsylvanian Ely Limestone in northeastern Nevada based on conodont 

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Rexroad, C.B., 1970, Review—Chester through Derry conodonts and stratigraphy of 

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Schiappa, Tamra, 2004, Upper Paleozoic biostratigraphy of Nevada—Key for unraveling 

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Titus, A.L., Webster, G.D., Manger, W.L., Braden, A.K., and Meeks, L.K., 1995, 

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Titus, A.I., Webster, G.D., Manger, W.L., and Dewey, C.P., 1995, Biostratigraphy of the 

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Titus, A.I., Webster, G.D., Manger, W.L., and Dewey, C.P., 1997, Biostratigraphic 

analysis of Mid-Carboniferous boundary at the South Syncline Section, Nevada 

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Corals – Rugosa 

Castle, R.A., 1967, Mississippian and Pennsylvanian paleontology and stratigraphy at 

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Earl, V.J., and Langenheim, R.L., 1992, An aulophylloid coral biostrome at the 

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Hill, A.T., 1978, Systematics, biostratigraphy, and paleoenvironments of the late 

Virgilian and early Wolfcampian corals, Bird Spring Group, Arrow Canyon 

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Jones, V.D., 1984, Heintzella websteri n. sp., a late Morrowan rugose coral, Bird Spring 

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[Orygmophyllum? whitnyei (White)] 

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Hundredth Meridian (G.M. Wheeler surveys), v. 4, part 1, 219 p., 21 pls. 

Corals – Tabulata 

Dott, R.H., Jr., 1954, Chaetetes, important marker in Pennsylvanian of central Great 

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Crinoidea 

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Echinodermata (other than Crinoidea) 

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rocks of northeastern Nevada: Lincoln, University of Nebraska, unpublished 

Master’s thesis. 

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1853. 

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150
Gamache, M.T., 1986, Fusulinid biostratigraphy of the Bird Spring Formation in the 

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Langenheim, R.L., Jr., Nelson, W.J., Grove, K.A., and McGovney, J.E., 1974, Fusulinid 

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Lenhart, S.W., 1975, Some upper Pennsylvanian and lower Permian fusulinids from the 

Bird Spring Group near Mountain Springs, Clark County, Nevada: Lexington, 

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1159-1180. 

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Slade, M.L., 1961, Pennsylvanian and Permian fusulinids of the Ferguson Mountain area, 

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Gastropoda 

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Lane, B.O., 1962, The fauna of the Ely Group in the Illipah area of Nevada: Journal of 

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Lipman, E.W., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1983, Lepetopsis franae, n. sp.—A new 

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Radiolaria 

Jones, A.E., 1991, Tectonic significance of Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic terrane 

accretion in northern Nevada: Berkeley, University of California, unpublished 

Ph.D. dissertation, 256 p. 

Scaphopoda 

Lane, B.O., 1962, The fauna of the Ely Group in the Illipah area of Nevada: Journal of 

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Sponges (Porifera) 

Rigby, J.K., and Washburn, A.T., 1972, A new hexactinellid sponge from the 

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Trilobita 

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Lane, B.O., 1962, The fauna of the Ely Group in the Illipah area of Nevada: Journal of 

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Vertebrata 

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Murchey, and a section on Helicoprion sp. from the Pennsylvanian and Permian 

Antler Peak Limestone, Lander County, Nevada, by R.A. Hanger, E.E. Strong, 

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sheet, scale 1:24,000. 

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Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 268 p. 

Welsh, J.E., 1959, Biostratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Systems in southern 

Nevada: Salt Lake City, University of Utah, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 321 

p. 

Wilson, E.C., 1960, The Pennsylvanian and Permian paleontology and stratigraphy of 

Ward Mountain, White Pine County, Nevada: Berkeley, University of California, 

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Stratigraphy 

Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Theodore, T.G., Harris, A.G., and Stevens, C.H., 2001, 

Sedimentology of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Strathearn Formation, northern 

Carlin trend, Nevada, with a section on microfossil controls on age of the 

Strathearn Formation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-402, 99 p. 

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Blomquist, John T., 1971, Current directions in the Diamond Peak Formation, an Upper 

Mississippian-Lower Pennsylvanian clastic wedge, east-central Nevada: Reno, 

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Bourque, M.W., 1978, Stratigraphy of the Upper Pennsylvanian - Lower Permian portion 

of the Bird Spring Group, Battleship Wash, Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, 

Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, unpublished Master’s thesis, 117 p. 

Brenckle, P.L., Baeseman, J.F., Lane, H.R., West, R.R., Webster, G.D., Langenheim, 

R.L., Brand, U., and Richards, B.C., 1997, Arrow Canyon, the Mid-Carboniferous 

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Post-Conference field trip to the Arrow Canyon Range: Cushman Foundation for 

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Brill, K.G., Jr., 1963, Permo-Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of western Colorado Plateau and 

eastern Great Basin regions: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 74, p. 

307-330. 

Castle, R.A., 1967, Mississippian and Pennsylvanian paleontology and stratigraphy at 

Tungsten Gap North, Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, 

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Davis, L.E., and Webster, G.D., 1991, Carbonate microfacies of Mid-Carboniferous 

boundary strata of two proposed stratotype sections in eastern and southern 

Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 

4, p. 15. 

Dockter, R.D., 1978, Stratigraphy and fusulinid paleontology of Permian exposures in the 

Diamond Springs quadrangle, Nevada: San Jose, California, San Jose State 

University, unpublished Master’s thesis, 128 p. 

Dott, R.H., Jr., 1955, Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of Elko and northern Diamond Ranges, 

northeastern Nevada: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 

39, no. 11, p. 2211-2305. 

Foster, D.I., 1953, Lower Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of the southern Egan Range, 

Nevada: New York, Columbia University, unpublished Master’s thesis. 

Gordon, Mackenzie, Jr., and Poole, F.G., 1967, Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary in 

southwestern Nevada and southeastern California, in Abstracts for 1966: 

Geological Society of America Special Paper 101, p. 398-399. 

Gordon, Mackenzie, Jr., and Poole, F.G., 1968, Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary in 

southwestern Nevada and southeastern California, in Eckel, E.B., ed., Nevada 

Test Site: Geological Society of America Memoir 110, p. 157-168. 

Griffith, L.S., 1959, The Carboniferous geology of the Pahranagat Range: Houston, 

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Harris, Daniel, Domeier, M., Quinn, T., Schiappa, T.A., 2004, Lithostratigraphy and 

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(Pennsylvanian-Permian), Spring Mountains, southern Nevada: San Jose, 

California, San Jose State University, unpublished Master’s thesis, 138 p. 

Hose, R.K., and Repenning, C.A., 1959, Stratigraphy of Pennsylvanian, Permian, and 

Lower Triassic rocks of Confusion Range, west-central Utah: American 

Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 43, no. 9, p. 2167-2196. 

Lane, Bernhard, 1960, The Ely Limestone in the vicinity of Moorman Ranch, Nevada, in

Boettcher, J.W., and Sloan, W.W., Jr., eds., Guidebook to the geology of east 

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Langenheim, R.L., Jr., Webster, G.D., and Weibel, C.P., 1984, Atokan rocks of the Bird 

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eds., The Atokan Series (Pennsylvanian) and its boundaries—A symposium: 

Bulletin – Oklahoma Geological Survey, v. 136, p. 133-156. 

Ledbetter, M.T., 1970, A Pennsylvanian-Permian shelf to craton transition, Azure Ridge, 

Clark County, Nevada: Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis State University, 

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Longwell, C.R., and Dunbar, C.O., 1936, Problems of Pennsylvanian-Permian boundary 

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Marcantel, J.B., 1973, Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian sedimentation in 

northeast Nevada: Columbus, Ohio State University, unpublished Ph.D. 

dissertation, 112 p. 

Marcantel, Jonathan, 1975, Late Pennsylvanian and early Permian sedimentation in 

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the Virgin Mountains area, Northwest Arizona and Southeast Nevada: Golden, 

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Roberts, R.J., Crittenden, M.D., Jr., Tooker, E.W., Morris, H.T., Hose, R.K., and Cheney, 

T.M., 1965, Pennsylvanian and Permian basins in northwestern Utah, northeastern 

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the eastern Great Basin (Nevada-Utah): Seattle, University of Washington, 

unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 294 p. 

Steele, Grant, 1960, Pennsylvanian-Permian stratigraphy of east-central Nevada and 

adjacent Utah, in Boettcher, J.W., and Sloan, W.W., Jr., eds., Geology of eastcentral Nevada: Intermountain Association of Petroleum Geologists, 11th Annual 

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Formation, northern Clark and southern Lincoln Counties, Nevada: Los Angeles, 

University of California, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 268 p. 

Webster, G.D., 1969, Chester through Derry conodonts and stratigraphy of northern 

Clark and southern Lincoln counties, Nevada: University of California 

Publications in Geological Science, v. 79, University of Californa Press, Berkeley 

and Los Angeles, 121 p., 27 figs., 8 pls. 

Webster, G.D., Gordon, M., Jr., Langenheim, R.L., and Henry, T.W., 1984, Road logs for 

the Mississippian-Pennyslvanian boundary in the eastern Great Basin, Salt Lake 

City, Utah, to Las Vegas, Nevada (Field Trip 1), in Lintz, J., Jr., ed., Western 

geological excursions, volume 1. Field trip guidebook: 1984 Geological Society 

of America Annual Meeting [Reno, Nevada, 1984], p. 1-86. 

Welsh, J.E., 1959, Biostratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Systems in southern 

Nevada: Salt Lake City, University of Utah, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 321 

p. 

Wilson, E.C., 1960, The Pennsylvanian and Permian paleontology and stratigraphy of 

Ward Mountain, White Pine County, Nevada: Berkeley, University of California, 

unpublished Master’s thesis. 

Paleoecology 

Adams, T.P., 1989, Paleoecology and biostratigraphy of the Zone 21 (Pennsylvanian) 

brachiopod fauna, Bird Spring Formation, Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: 

Urbana, University of Illinois, unpublished Master’s thesis, 153 p. 

Langenheim, R.L., Huff, B.G., Lipman, E.W., Moffett, D.L., and Vaiden, R.C., 1986, 

Brachiopod paleoecology on the Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) shelf margin, 

southern Nevada, USA, in Racheboeuf, P.R., ed., Les brachiopods fossils et 

actuels—Actes du 1er congres international sur les brachiopodes, Sept. 9-13, 1985, 

Brest, France: Biostratigraphie du Paleozoique, v. 4, p. 323-329. 

McGovney, J.E., 1973, Fusulinid paleoecology of the Missourian of the Bird Spring 

Group (Pennsylvanian) of the Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada: 

Urbana, University of Illinois, unpublished Bachelor’s thesis, 20 p. 

Nelson, W.J., Jr., 1973, Paleoenvironmental analysis of Chaetetes biostromes 

(Pennsylvanian) of the Arrow Canyon Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada: 

Urbana, University of Illinois, unpublished Master’s thesis. 

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southern Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 

v. 6, no. 2, p. 118-119. 

Nelson, W.J., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1980, Ecological observations on Chaetetes in 

southern Nevada: Pacific Geology, no 14, p. 1-22. 

Perez-Huerta, Alberto, 2002, Pennsylvanian brachiopods from eastern Great Basin, 

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Shroba, C.S., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1987, Paleoenvironmental transition at the 

proposed mid-Carboniferous (Mississippian-Pennsylvanian) boundary at Arrow 

Canyon, Clark County, Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts 

with Programs, v. 19, no. 7, p. 843. 

Wilson, M.A., 1982, The Chesterian and Morrowan environments and ecology of the 

western Bird Spring Basin (Nevada): Berkeley, University of California, 

unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 295 p. 

Wilson, M.A., 1982, Chesterian and Morrowan paleoenvironments in southwestern 

Nevada—Lithologic interpretations within conodont zones [abs.]: Geological 

Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 14, no. 7, p. 648. 

Paleogeography 

Rich, Mark, 1977, Pennsylvanian paleogeographic patterns in the western United States, 

in Stewart, J.H., Stevens, C.H., and Fritsche, A.E., eds., Paleozoic 

paleogeography of the western United States: Society of Economic 

Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, Pacific Coast Paleogeography 

Symposium 1, p. 87-111. 

Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

Abner, Hamid, 1975, Geochemical analysis of carbonate rocks in the upper member of 

the Callville Formation (Pennsylvanian), Clark County, Nevada: Memphis, 

Tennessee, Memphis State University, unpublished Master’s thesis. 

Heath, C.P.M., 1965, Microfacies of the Bird Spring Group (Pennsylvanian-Permian) 

Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, 

unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 163 p. 

Heath, C.P., Lumsden, D.N., and Carozzi, A.V., 1967, Petrography of a carbonate 

transgressive-regressive sequence—The Bird Spring Group (Pennsylvanian), 

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Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 

v. 37, no. 2, p. 377-400. 

Nowak, F.J., and Carozzi, A.V., 1972, Microfacies of the upper Bird Spring Group 

(Pennsylvanian-Permian) Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada: Archives 

des Sciences, v. 25, no. 3, p. 343-382. 

Tectonics 

McKee, E.D., Mapel, W.J., Maughan, E.K., Prichard, G.E., Shideler, G.L., Stewart, G.F., 

Wanless, H.R., Wilson, R.F., Glenn, M.W., Crosby, E.J., Bachman, G.O., Bell, 

K.G., Dixon, G.H., Frezon, S.E., Glick, E.E., Irwin, W.P., and Mallory, W.W., 

1975, Paleotectonic investigations of the Pennsylvanian System in the United 

States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 853, 3 parts. 

Sweet, D.E., Snyder, W.S., Davydov, V.L., Trexler, J.H., and Groves, J.R., 2001, Upper 

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47. 

PERMIAN 

Ammonoidea 

Baker, C., 1986, Selected studies in Permian ammonoids: Iowa City, University of Iowa, 

unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 220 p. 

Knorr, J.H., 1967, Permian studies of Nevada: Iowa City, University of Iowa, 

unpublished Master’s thesis, 57 p. 

Lee, C., 1975, Lower Permian ammonoid faunal provinciality: Iowa City, University of 

Iowa, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 253 p. 

Miller, A.K., Furnish, W.M., and Clark, D.L., 1957, Permian ammonoids from western 

United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 31, p. 1057-1068. 

Schiappa, T.A., Hemmesch, N.T., Spinosa, Claude, and Nassichuk, W.W., 2005, 

Cisuralian ammonoid genus Uraloceras in North America: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 79, no. 2, p. 366-377. 

Schiappa, T.A., Spinosa, C., and W.S. Snyder, W.S., 1995, Nevadoceras, a new Early 

Permian adrianitid (Ammonoidea) from Nevada: Journal of Paleontology v. 69, 

no. 6, p. 1073-1079. 

160
Spinosa, Claude, Gallegos, D.M., Wang, Denchin, Norris-Willing, M., and Ward, S.A., 

1989, Lower Permian ammonoid and conodont biostratigraphy of the western 

marginal facies of the Dry Mountain trough, northeast Nevada [abs.]: Geological 

Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 21, no. 5, p. 148. 

Bivalvia 

Kauffman, E.G., and Runnegar, B., 1975, Atomodesma (Bivalvia) and Permian species of 

the United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 49, no. 1, p. 23-51. 

Stevens, C.H., 1966, Paleoecologic implications of early Permian fossil communities in 

eastern Nevada and western Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, 

no. 10, p. 1121-1129. 

Brachiopoda 

Collinson, J.W., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1977, Conodont-brachiopod biostratigraphy of the 

Park City Group (Permian) in eastern Nevada and western Utah [abs.]: Geological 

Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, no. 5, p. 585. 

Mills, P.C., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1987, Wolfcampian brachiopods from the Bird 

Spring Group, Wamp Spring area, Las Vegas Range, Clark County, Nevada: 

Journal of Paleontology, v. 61, no. 1, p. 32-55. 

Moore, T.E., Murchey, B.L., Blodgett, R.B., and Harris, A.G., 2000, Edna Mountain 

Formation in the southern Shoshone Range, north-central Nevada [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 32, no. 7, p. 155. 

Racheboeuf, P.R., Moore, T.E., and Blodgett, R.B., 2004, A new species of Dyoros

(Bachiopoda; Chonetoidea) from Nevada (United States) and stratigraphic 

implications for the Pennsylvanian and Permian Antler overlap assemblage: 

Geobios, v. 37, no. 3, p. 382-394. 

Stevens, C.H., 1966, Paleoecologic implications of early Permian fossil communities in 

eastern Nevada and western Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, 

no. 10, p. 1121-1129. 

Wardlaw, B.R., 1974, The age and paleoecology of the Gerster Formation (upper 

Permian) in Nevada and Utah [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts 

with Programs, v. 6, no. 7, p. 999. 

Wardlaw, B.R., 1975, The biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Gerster Formation 

(Upper Permian) in Nevada and Utah: Cleveland, Ohio, Case Western Reserve 

Univesity, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 247 p. 

161
Wardlaw, B.R., 1977, The biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Gerster Limestone 

(Upper Permian) in Nevada and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

77-470, 124 p. 

Wardlaw, B.R., and Collinson, J.W., 1978, Stratigraphic relations of Park City Group 

(Permian) in eastern Nevada and western Utah: American Association of 

Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 62, p. 1171-1184. 

Bryozoa 

Gilmour, E.H., 1962, A new species of Tabulipora from the Permian of Nevada: Journal 

of Paleontology, v. 36, no. 5, p. 1019-1020. 

Gilmour, E.H., 1980, Permian bryozoans of the Murdoch Mountain Formatin, 

northeastern Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 12, no. 3, p. 107. 

Gilmour, E.H., 1984, Bryozoans from near the Kungurian-Kazanian boundary in Nevada, 

USA [abs.]: 27th International Geological Congress, Moscow, USSR, Aug. 4-14, 

1984, Abstracts, v. 27, no. 9, part 2, p. 18. 

Gilmour, E.H., McColloch, M.E., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1997, Bryozoa of the Murdock 

Mountain Formation (Wordian, Permian), Leach Mountains, northeastern Nevada 

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16. 

Gilmour, E.H., McColloch, M.E., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1997, Bryozoa of the Murdock 

Mountain Formation (Wordian, Permian), Leach Mountains, northeastern 

Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, no. 2, p. 214-236. 

Gilmour, E.H., and Snyder, E.M., 1977, Permian bryozoans from the Gerster Formation, 

northeastern Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 9, no. 4, p. 422-423. 

Gilmour, E.H., and Snyder, E.M., 1977, Late Permian Bryozoa of western United States 

and their relationship to other faunal provinces [abs.]: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, no. 6, p. 726-727. 

Gilmour, E.H., and Snyder, E.M., 1986, Stellahexaformis and Morozoviella, two new 

genera of Bryozoa from the Gerster Formation, northeastern Nevada: 

Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming, v. 24, p. 211-217. 

Gilmour, E.H., and Vogel, I.D., 1978, Bryozoans of the Toroweap Formation, southern 

Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 10, no. 

3, p. 107. 

162
Gilmour, E.H., and Vogel, I.D., 1981, Bryozoans of the Toroweap Formation, southern 

Nevada, U.S.A., in Larwood, G.P., and Nielsen, Claus, eds., Recent and fossil 

Bryozoa: International Bryozoological Association, Fifth International 

Conference, Durham, United Kingdom, Sept. 1-6, 1980, v. 5, p. 310-311. 

Kussow, R.G., 1964, Lower Permian Bryozoa from Carlin Canyon, Nevada: Bowling 

Green, Ohio, Bowling Green State University, unpublished Master’s thesis. 

McColloch, M.E., 1992, Fenestrate bryozoans of the Toroweap Formation, Clark County, 

Nevada: Cheney, Eastern Washington University, unpublished Master’s thesis, 

150 p. 

McColloch, M.E., Gilmour, E.H., and Snyder, E.M., 1994, The order Fenestrata 

(Bryozoa) of the Toroweap Formation (Permian), southern Nevada: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 746-762. 

Snyder, E.M., 1976, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the Bryozoa of the Gerster 

Formation (Permian), northeastern Nevada: Cheney, Eastern Washington State 

University, unpublished Masters thesis, Eastern Washington State College, 171 p. 

Snyder, E.M., and Gilmour, E.H., 1977, Bryozoan concurrent-range zones in the Gerster 

Formation (Permian), northeastern Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, no. 4, p. 503. 

Snyder, E.M., and Gilmour, E.H., 1995, Order Fenestrata (Phylum Bryozoa) of the 

Gerster Formation, northeastern Nevada—Taxonomy, biostratigraphy and 

paleobiogeography [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 27, no. 4, p. 56. 

Snyder, E.M., and Gilmour, E.H., 2006, New fenestrate Bryozoa of the Gerster 

Limestone (Permian), Medicine Range, northeastern Nevada: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 80, no. 5, p. 867-888. 

Stuart, R.J., 1962, Bryozoa from the Lower Permian limestone in the vicinity of the 

Sunflower Reservoir, Elko County, Nevada: Bowling Green, Ohio, Bowling 

Green State University, unpublished Master’s thesis. 

Vogel, I.D., 1976, Bryozoans from the Toroweap Formation, Dry Lake Range and North 

Muddy Mountains, Clark County, Nevada: Cheney, Eastern Washington 

University, unpublished Master’s thesis. 

Wardlaw, B.R., 1974, The age and paleoecology of the Gerster Formation (upper 

Permian) in Nevada and Utah [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts 

with Programs, v. 6, no. 7, p. 999. 

Conodonta 

163
Baird, M.R., 1975, Conodont biostratigraphy of the Kaibab Formation, eastern Nevada 

and west-central Utah: Columbus, Ohio State University, unpublished Master’s 

thesis. 

Baird, M.R., and Collinson, J.W., 1975, Conodont biostratigraphy of the Kaibab and 

lower Plympton Formations [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Progams, v. 7, no. 6, p. 716. 

Behnken, F.H., 1973, Leonardian and Guadalupian (Permian) conodont biostratigraphy 

and evolution in western and southwestern United States: Madison, University of 

Wisconsin, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 184. 

Behnken, F.H., 1975, Leonardian and Guadalupian (Permian) conodont biostratigraphy in 

western and southwestern United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 49, no. 2, p. 

284-315. 

Behnken, F.H., 1975, A paleoecologic model for conodont speciation during the Permian 

[abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 7, no. 6, p. 

720-721. 

Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Theodore, T.G., Harris, A.G., and Stevens, C.H., 2001, 

Sedimentology of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Strathearn Formation, northern 

Carlin trend, Nevada, with a section on microfossil controls on age of the 

Strathearn Formation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-402, 99 p. 

Clark, D.L., 1974, Factors of Early Permian conodont paleoecology in Nevada: Journal 

of Paleontology, v. 48 no. 4, p. 710-720. 

Clark, D.L., and Behnken, F.H., 1971, Conodonts and biostratigraphy of the Permian, in

Sweet, W.C., and Bergstrom, S.M., eds., Symposium on conodont 

biostratigraphy: Geological Society of America Memoir 127, p. 415-439. 

Clark, D.L., Carr, T.R., Behnken, F.H., Wardlaw, B.R., and Collinson, J.W., 1979, 

Permian conodont biostratigraphy in the Great Basin, in Sandberg, C.A., and 

Clark, D.L., eds., Conodont biostratigraphy of the Great Basin and Rocky 

Mountains: Provo, Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 26, pt. 3, p. 

143-150. 

Clark, D.L., and Ethington, R. L., 1962, Survey of Permian conodonts in western North 

America: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 9, pt. 2, p. 102-114. 

Collinson, J.W., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1977, Conodont-brachiopod biostratigraphy of the 

Park City Group (Permian) in eastern Nevada and western Utah [abs.]: Geological 

Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, no. 5, p. 585. 

164
Gallegos, D.M., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1992, Asselian (Early Permian) conodont fauna 

from the Garden Valley Formation, Sulphur Springs Range, Eureka County, 

Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, no. 

6, p. 13. 

Harris, A.G., and Crafford, A.E.J., 2007, A digital conodont database of Nevada, in 

Crafford, A.E.J., Geologic Map of Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 

249, 1 CD-ROM. 

Harris, A.G., Wardlaw, B.R., Rust, C.C., and Merrill, G.K., 1980, Maps for assessing 

thermal maturity (conodont color alteration index maps) in Ordovician through 

Triassic rocks in Nevada and Utah and adjacent parts of Idaho and California: 

U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1249, scale 

1:2,500,000. 

Johnson, W.J., 1987, Conodont biostratigraphy, sedimentology, and depositional 

environments of the Etchart Limestone, north-central Nevada: Madison, 

University of Wisconsin, unpublished Master’s thesis, 100 p. 

Johnson, W.J., and Clark, D.L., 1990, Conodont biofacies and Pennsylvanian–Permian 

boundary definitions, northwestern Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 22, no. 1, p. 10. 

Jones, A.E., 1991, Tectonic significance of Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic terrane 

accretion in northern Nevada: Berkeley, University of California, unpublished 

Ph.D. dissertation, 256 p. 

Marcantel, E.L., 1973, Upper Permian conodont biostratigraphy of northeast Nevada and 

west-central Utah [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 

v. 5, no. 4, p. 334. 

Marcantel, E.L., 1975, Conodont biostratigraphy and sedimentary petrology of the 

Gerster Formation (Guadalupian) in east central Nevada and west central Utah: 

Columbus, Ohio State University, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 215 p. 

Ritter, S.M., 1986, Permian and Triassic conodont evolution—Rapid evolution of the 

Early Permian Sweetognathus lineage in central and western United States and 

stasis in the Middle Triassic Neogondolella at Fossil Hill, Humboldt Range, 

Nevada: Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 292 

p. 

Ritter, S.M., 1987, Biofacies-based refinement of Early Permian conodont 

biostratigraphy in central and western USA, in Austin, R.L., ed., Conodonts—

Investigative techniques and applications, Chichester, England, Ellis Horwood, p. 

382-403. 

165
Schwarz, D.L., 1987, Geology of the Lower Permian Dry Mountain Trough, Buck 

Mountain, Limestone Peak, and Secret Canyon areas, east-central Nevada: Boise, 

Idaho, Boise State University, unpublished Master’s thesis, 149 p. 

Spinosa, Claude, Gallegos, D.M., Wang, Denchin, Norris-Willing, M., and Ward, S.A., 

1989, Lower Permian ammonoid and conodont biostratigraphy of the western 

marginal facies of the Dry Mountain trough, northeast Nevada [abs.]: Geological 

Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 21, no. 5, p. 148. 

Wardlaw, B.R., and Collinson, J.W., 1979, Youngest Permian conodont faunas from the 

Great Basin and Rocky Mountain regions, in Sandberg, C.A., and Clark, D.L., 

eds., Conodont biostratigraphy of the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains: Geology 

Studies (Provo, Brigham Young University), v. 26, pt. 3, p. 151-164. 

Youngquist, W.L., Hawley, R.W., and Miller, A.K., 1951, Phosphoria conodonts from 

southeastern Idaho: Journal of Paleontology, v. 25, no. 6, p. 785-792. 

Corals – Rugosa 

Easton, W.H., 1960, Permian corals from Nevada and California: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 34, no. 3, p. 570-583. 

Easton, W.H., 1963, Stratigraphic position of some coral localities in Nevada: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 723-724. 

Hill, A.T., 1978, Systematics, biostratigraphy, and paleoenvironments of the late 

Virgilian and early Wolfcampian corals, Bird Spring Group, Arrow Canyon 

quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, unpublished 

Master’s thesis, 105 p. 

Hoare, R.D., 1964, Permian corals from northern Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 38, 

no. 3, p. 496-504. 

McCutcheon, V.A., and Wilson, E.C., 1961, Ptolemaia, a new colonial rugose coral from 

the Lower Permian of eastern Nevada and western Russia: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 1020-1028. 

McCutcheon, V.A., and Wilson, E.C., 1963, Kleopatrina, a new name for Ptolemaia

McCutcheon and Wilson: Journal of Paleontology, v. 37, no. 1, p. 299. 

Stevens, C.H., 1966, Paleoecologic implications of early Permian fossil communities in 

eastern Nevada and western Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, 

no. 10, p. 1121-1129. 

166
Stevens, C.H., 1968, Coral zones in the Arcturus Group (Early Permian), White Pine 

County, Nevada [abs.]: Special Paper–Geological Society of America, 1968, p. 

338. 

Stevens, C.H., 1989, Comparison of Early Permian coral faunas of the eastern Klamath 

Mountains, Stikine terrane, and cratonal Nevada and California [abs.]: Geological 

Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 21, no. 5, p. 149. 

Wilson, E.C., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1962, Rugose and tabulate corals from Permian 

rocks in the Ely quadrangle, White Pine County, Nevada: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 495-520. 

Wilson, E.C., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1991, Zoogeographical implication of earliest 

Permian coral faunas of southern Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 5, p. 280. 

Corals – Tabulata 

Hoare, R.D., 1966, New name for Cornwallia Hoare, 1964, and a new species of 

Bayhaium from northern Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 148-

150. 

Wilson, E.C., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1962, Rugose and tabulate corals from Permian 

rocks in the Ely Quadrangle, White Pine County, Nevada: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 36, no. 3, p. 495-520. 

Crinoidea 

Webster, G.D., 1978, Late Paleozoic echinoderm biostratigraphy of the southwestern 

United States [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 

10, no. 3, p. 152. 

Foraminifera 

Stevens, C.H., 1966, Paleoecologic implications of early Permian fossil communities in 

eastern Nevada and western Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v . 77, 

no. 10, p. 1121-1129. 

Fusulinida 

Bissell, H.J., Permian fusulinids in eastern Nevada—paleoecologic implications: 

American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 46, no. 2, p. 261. 

Cassity, P.E., 1965, Pennsylvanian and Permian fusulinids of the Bird Spring Group from 

Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, 

unpublished Master’s thesis. 

167
Cassity, P.E., and Langenheim, R.L., Jr., 1966, Pennsylvanian and Permian fusulinids of 

the Bird Spring Group from Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 40, p. 931-968. 

Christy, R.B., 1958, Some Permian fusulinid faunas near Lee Canyon, Clark County, 

Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, unpublished Master’s thesis. 

Cline, R.B., 1967, Fusulinid paleontology and paleoecology of eastern Nevada: Reno, 

University of Nevada, unpublished Master’s thesis, 83 p. 

Collinson, J.W., 1968, Permian and Triassic biostratigraphy of the Medicine Range, 

northeastern Nevada: Earth Science Bulletin (Wyoming Geological Association), 

v. 1, no. 4, p. 25-44. 

Douglass, R.C., 1952, Preliminary fusulinid zonation of the Pennsylvanian and Permian 

rocks of northeastern Nevada: Lincoln, University of Nevada, unpublished 

Master’s thesis. 

Douglass, R.C., 1960, Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian fusulinids of northeastern 

Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 71, no. 12, part 2, p. 1852-

1853. 

Douglass, R.C., 1974, Fusulinids in the Basin and Range province in California, Nevada, 

and Utah: Journal of Paleontology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 846-853. 

Douglass, R.C., and Nestell, M.K., 1974, The Permian fusulinid genus Pseudoreichelina

from the Pequop Formation, Spruce Mountains, Elko County, Nevada: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 48, no. 6, p. 1170-1173. 

Gamache, M.T., 1986, Fusulinid biostratigraphy of the Bird Spring Formation in the 

Spring Mountains near Mountain Springs Pass, Clark County, Nevada: Pullman, 

Washington State University, unpublished Master’s thesis, 215 p. 

Gamache, M.T., 1987, Fusulinid biostratigraphy of Bird Spring Formation in Spring 

Mountains near Mountain Springs Pass, Clark County, Nevada [abs.]: American 

Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 71, no. 5, p. 558. 

Hill, A.T., 1978, Systematics, biostratigraphy and paleoecology of some Virgilian and 

Wolfcampian fusulinids, Arrow Canyon quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada: Earth 

Science Bulletin (Wyoming Geological Association), v. 11, no. 3, p. 13-32. 

Hoare, R.D., 1963, Permian fusulinids from the Sunflower reservoir area of northern 

Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1143-1149. 

168
Knight, R.L., 1952, Permian fusulines from Nevada: Los Angeles, University of Southern 

California, unpublished Master’s thesis. 

Knight, R.L., 1956, Permian fusulines from Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 30, no. 

4, p. 773-792. 

Langenheim, R.L., Jr., Nelson, W.J., Grove, K.A., and McGovney, J.E., 1974, Fusulinid 

occurrences in relation to carbonate microfacies of Bird Spring Group, Arrow 

Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada [abs.]: Annual meeting abstracts—

American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic 

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Gastropoda 

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Ophiuroidea 

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Polyplacophora 

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Rostroconchia 

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Scaphopoda 

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Sponges (Porifera) 

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Trilobita 

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Vertebrata 

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Paleoecology 

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Petroleum Potential 

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Stratigraphy

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the Plympton Formation (Permian), southern Pequop Mountains, Nevada, from 

physical stratigraphy and a faunule: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, 

v. 1, no. 1, p. 19-32. 

Zabriskie, W.E., 1967, Petrology and petrography of Permian carbonate rocks, Arcturus 

Basin, Nevada and Utah: Provo, Brigham Young University, unpublished Ph.D. 

dissertation. 

Tectonics 

Foudy, J.P., Snyder, W.S., Schiappa, T.A., and Davydov, V.I., 2000, Early Permian 

deformation in the Diamond Mountains, White Pine County, Nevada [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 32, no. 5, p. 9. 

Gabrielse, Hubert, Snyder, W.S., and Stewart, J.H., 1983, Sonoma orogeny and Permian 

to Triassic tectonism in western North America: Geology, v. 11 p. 484-486. 

McKee, E.D., Ketner, K.B., MacLachlan, M.E., Maughan, E.K., McKelvey, V.E., 

Mudge, M.R., Myers, D.A., Sheldon, R.P., Oriel, S.S., Berryhill, H.L., Cheney, 

T.M., Cressman, E.R., Crosby, E.J., Dixon, G.H., Fix, C.E., and Hallgarth, W.E., 

1967, Paleotectonic maps of the Permian System: U.S. Geological Survey 

Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-450. 

Sheldon, R.P., Cressman, E.R., Cheney, T.M., and McKelvey, V.E., 1967, Chapter H, 

Middle Rocky Mountains and northeastern Great Basin, p. 153-170, in

180
Paleotectonic investigations of the Permian system in the United States: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 515-H. 

Silberling, N.J., 1973, Geologic events during Permian-Triassic time along the Pacific 

margin of the United States, in Logan, A., and Hills, L.V., eds., The Permian and 

Triassic Systems and their mutual boundary: Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Alberta 

Society of Petroleum Geologists, p. 345-362. 

Snow, J.K., 1992, Large-magnitude Permian shortening and continental-margin tectonics 

in the southern Cordillera: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 1, 

p. 80-105. 

Sweet, D.E., Snyder, W.S., Davydov, V.L., Trexler, J.H., and Groves, J.R., 2001, Upper 

Paleozoic tectonic unconformities in the central Pequop Mountains, Nevada: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 33, no. 5, p. 47. 

Walker, J.D., 1985, Permo-Triassic paleogeography and tectonics of the southwestern 

United States: Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, unpublished 

Ph.D. dissertation, 224 p. 

Paleogeography 

Bissell, H.J., 1969, Permian and Lower Triassic transition from shelf to basin (Grand 

Canyon, Arizona to Spring Mountains, Nevada), in Baars, D.L., ed., Geology and 

natural history of the Grand Canyon region: Four Corners Geological Society 

Guidebook, Fifth Field Conference, p. 135-169. 

Hanger, R.A., and Strong, E.E., 1998, Paleogeography of Permian rocks of the Black 

Rock terrane, northwestern Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 30, no. 7, p. 287. 

Wagner, D.B., 1975, Lower Permian paleogeography and fusulinid paleontology, 

northeastern Nevada and western Utah: San Jose, Calif., San Jose State 

University, unpublished Master’s thesis, 254 p. 

Walker, J.D., 1985, Permo-Triassic paleogeography and tectonics of the southwestern 

United States: Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, unpublished 

Ph.D. dissertation, 224 p. 

Sedimentary Petrology and Petrography 

Heath, C.P.M., 1965, Microfacies of the Bird Spring Group (Pennsylvanian-Permian) 

Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada: Urbana, University of Illinois, 

unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 163 p. 

181
Nowak, F.J., and Carozzi, A.V., 1972, Microfacies of the upper Bird Spring Group 

(Pennsylvanian-Permian) Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada: Archives 

des Sciences, v. 25, no. 3, p. 343-382. 

Zabriskie, W.E., 1967, Petrology and petrography of Permian carbonate rocks, Arcturus 

Basin, Nevada and Utah: Provo, Utah, Brigham Young University, unpublished 

Ph.D. dissertation. 

MESOZOIC References

TRIASSIC References 

Ammonoidea 

Bucher, Hugo, 1988, A new middle Anisian (Middle Triassic) ammonoid zone from 

northwestern Nevada: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 81, no. 3, p. 723-762. 

Bucher, Hugo, 1992, Ammonoids of the Hyatti Zone and the Anisian transgression in the 

Triassic Star Peak Group, northwestern Nevada, USA: Palaeontographica Abt. A, 

v. 233, p. 137-166. 

Bucher, Hugo, 1994, New ammonoids from the Taylori zone (middle Anisian, Middle 

Triassic) from northwestern Nevada: Mémoires de Géologie (Lausanne), no. 22. 

p. 1-8. 

Collinson, J.W., 1968, Permian and Triassic biostratigraphy of the Medicine Range, 

northeastern Nevada: Earth Science Bulletin (Wyoming Geological Association), 

v. 1, no. 4, p. 25-44. 

Gardner, G.E., Jr., and Mapes, R.H., 2000, The relationships of color patterns and habitat 

for Lower Jurassic ammonids from Crittenden Springs, Elko County, Nevada: 

Revue de Paléobiologie (Muséum d’histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève), Vol. 

spécial 8, p. 109-122. 

Gomez Luan, M.E., and Matinez Cortes, Angel, 1997, Relationships and differences 

between Triassic ammonoid successions of northwestern Sonora, Mexico, and 

west-central Nevada, U.S.A.: Revisita Mexican de Ciencias Geologicas, v. 14, no. 

2, p. 208-218. 

Guex, Jean, 1995, Ammonite hettangiennes de la Gabbs Valley Range (Nevada, USA): 

Mémoires de Géologie (Lausanne), no. 27, 68 p. [including Rhaetian and 

Hettangian specimens] 

182
Hyatt, Alpheus, 1889, Genesis of Arietidae: Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative 

Zoology (Cambridge, Massachusetts), v. 16, no. 3, 238 p., 14 pls. [also published 

in Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, v. 26, no. 637, 238 p., 14 pls.] 

Silberling, N.J., 1962, Stratigraphic distribution of Middle Triassic ammonites at Fossil 

Hill, Humboldt Range, Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 36, no.1, p.153-160. 

Silberling, N.J., and Nichols, K.M., 1982, Middle Triassic molluscan fossils of 

biostratigraphic significance from the Humboldt Range, northwestern Nevada: 

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1207, 77 p. 38 pls. 

Silberling, N.J., and Tozer, E.T., 1968, Biostratigraphical classification of the marine 

Triassic in North America: Geological Society of America Special Paper 110, 63 

p. 

Smith, J.P., 1914, The Middle Triassic invertebrate faunas of North America: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 83, 254 p., 99 pls. 

Smith, J.P., 1932, Lower Triassic ammonoids of North America: U.S. Geological Survey 

Professional Paper 167, 199 p., 81 pls. 

Taylor, D.G., Boelling, Karen, Holser, W.T., Magaritz, Mordeckai, and Guex, Jean, 

1992, Ammonite biostratigraphy and geochemistry of latest Triassic and earliest 

Jurassic strata from the Gabbs and Sunrise formations, Nevada [abs.]: Geological 

Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, no. 5, p. 85. 

Woods, A.D., and Bottjer, D.J., 2000, Distribution of ammonoids in the Lower Triassic 

Union Wash Formation (eastern California)—Evidence for paleooceanographic 

conditions during recover from the end-Permian mass extinction: Palaios, v. 15, 

no. 6, p. 535-545. 

--- Website on Early Triassic ammonoids: URL: 

http://members.aol.com/Waucoba5/thaynes/nevadaammonoids.html 

--- Website on Middle Triassic ammonoids: URL: 

http://members.aol.com/Waucoba7/ammonoids/ammonoids.html 

Bivalvia 

Bonuso, Nicole, and Bottjer, D.J., 2002, Late Triassic bivalve-brachiopod interactions 

[abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, no. 6, p. 540. 

Boyer, D.L., Bottjer, D.J., and Droser, M.L., 2004, Ecological signature of Lower 

Triassic shell beds of the Western United States: Palaois, v. 19, no. 4, p. 372-380. 

183
Carter, J.G., and Stanley, G.D., Jr., 2004, Late Triassic gastrochaenid and lithophaginid 

borings (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Nevada (USA) and Austria: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 78, no. 1, p. 230-234. 

Gabb, W.M., 1864, Description of Triassic fossils of California and the adjacent 

territories: California Geological Survey, Paleontology, v. 1, p. 17-35, pls. 3-6. 

Gabb, W.M., 1870, Description of some secondary fossils from the Pacific states: 

American Journal of Conchology, v. 5, p. 5-18, pls. 3-7. 

Grant-Mackie, J.A., and Silberling, N.J., 1990, New data on the Upper Triassic bivalve 

Monotis in North America, and the new subgenus Pacimonotis: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 64, no. 2, p. 240-254. 

Hopkin, E.K., and McRoberts, C.A., A new Middle Triassic flat clam (Pterioida, 

Halobiidae) from the middle Anisian of north-central Nevada, USA: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 79, no. 4, p. 796-800. 

Huynh, T.T., and Bottjer, D.J., 2001, Paleoecology of Middle Triassic flat clams [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 33, no. 6, p. 306. 

Laws, R.A., 1978, Paleoecology of Late Triassic faunas from Mineral County, Nevada and 

Shasta County, California: Berkeley, University of California, unpublished Master’s 

thesis, 149 p. 

Laws, R.A., 1982, Late Triassic depositional environments and molluscan associations 

from West-central Nevada: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 

v. 37, nos. 2-4, p. 131-149. 

McRoberts, C.A., 1990, Upper Triassic Gryphaea (Bivalvia) from the North American 

Cordillera [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 22, no. 

7, p. 304. 

McRoberts, 1992, Systematics and paleobiogeography of Late Triassic Gryphaea (Bivalvia) 

from the North American Cordillera: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 28-39. 

McRoberts, C.A., and Carter, J.C., 1994, Nacre in an early gryphaeid bivalve (Mollusca): 

Journal of Paleontology, v. 68, no. 6, p. 1405-1408. 

Schubert, J.K., and Bottjer, D.J., 1995, Aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction 

event—Paleoecology of Lower Triassic carbonates in the western USA: 

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 116, p. 1-39. 

Silberling, N.J., and Nichols, K.M., 1982, Middle Triassic molluscan fossils of 

biostratigraphic significance from the Humboldt Range, northwestern Nevada: 

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1207, 77 p. 38 pls. 

184
Silberling, N.J., and Tozer, E.T., 1968, Biostratigraphical classification of the marine 

Triassic in North America: Geological society of America Special Paper 110, 63 

p. 

Waller, T.R., 2003, Middle Triassic marine bivalves of the New Pass Range, west-central 

Nevada:—Paleobiogeographic implications [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 4, p. 15. 

Waller, T.R., and Stanley, G.D., Jr., 1988, New marine Triassic bivalves from the New Pass 

Range, west-central Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 30, no. 7, p. A287. 

Waller, T.R., and Stanley, G.D., Jr., 2005, Middle Triassic pteriomorphian Bivalvia 

(Mollusca) from the New Pass Range, west-central Nevada—Systematics, 

biostratigraphy, paleoecology and paleobiography: Paleontological Society Memoir 

61, 64 p. 

Williams, S.L., 1974, Paleoecology of the Monotis-bearing beds (Upper Triassic), Hoyt 

Canyon, Clan Alpine Mountains, west-central Nevada: Stanford, Calif., Stanford 

University, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. 

Williams, S.L., 1974, Paleoecology of the upper Triassic bivalve Monotis subcircularis

from a section in west-central Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 6, no. 3, pp. 277. 

Brachiopoda 

Bonuso, Nicole, and Bottjer, D.J., 2002, Late Triassic bivalve-brachiopod interactions 

[abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, no. 6, p. 540. 

Bonuso, Nicole, and Bottjer, D.J., 2003, Two Late Triassic brachiopod biodiversity hot 

spots [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 

6, p. 417. 

Boyer, D.L., Bottjer, D.J., and Droser, M.L., 2004, Ecological signature of Lower 

Triassic shell beds of the Western United States: Palaois, v. 19, no. 4, p. 372-380. 

Cooper, G.A., 1942, New genera of North American brachiopods: Journal of the 

Washington Academy of Sciences, v. 32, p. 228-235. 

Cooper, G.A., 1944, Phylum Brachiopoda, in Shimer, H.W., Schrock, R.R., eds., Index 

fossils of North America: New York, John Wiley and Sons, p. 227-365, 

Gabb, W.M., 1864, Description of Triassic fossils of California and the adjacent 

territories: California Geological Survey, Paleontology, v. 1, p. 17-35, pls. 3-6. 

185
Hoover, P.R., 1991, Late Triassic cyrtinoid spiriferinacean brachiopods from western North 

America and their biostratigraphic and biogeographic implications: Bulletins of 

American Paleontology, v. 100, no.337, p. 63-109. 

 

Sandy, M.R., 1995, Early Mesozoic (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic) Tethyan brachiopod

biofacies—Possible evolution intra-phylum niche replacement within the 

Brachiopoda: Paleobiology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 479-495. 

Sandy, M.R., 2001, Mesozoic articulated brachiopods from the Western Cordillera of 

North America: their significance for palaeogeographic and tectonic 

reconstruction, palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology, in Brunton, C.H.C, 

Cocks, L.R.M., and Long, S.L., eds., Brachiopods past and present: London and 

New York, The Systematic Association Special Volume Series 63, p. 395-410. 

Sandy, M.R., and Stanley, G.D., Jr., 1991, Brachiopods of the Upper Triassic Luning 

Formation, Nevada, U.S.A.—A story of European immigrants and American 

emigrants—A case for an early Hispanic Corridor? [abs.]: Canadian Paleontology 

Conference I, Vancouver,University of British Columbia, Program and Abstracts, 

p. 73. 

Sandy, M.R., and Stanley, G.D., Jr., 1993, Late Triassic brachiopods from the Luning 

Formation, Nevada, and their palaeobiogeographic significance: Palaeontology, v. 

36, part 2, p. 439-380. 

Schubert, J.K., and Bottjer, D.J., 1995, Aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction 

event—Paleoecology of Lower Triassic carbonates in the western USA: 

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 116, p. 1-39. 

Coleoidea 

Silberling, N.J., and Nichols, K.M., 1982, Middle Triassic molluscan fossils of 

biostratigraphic significance from the Humboldt Range, northwestern Nevada: 

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1207, 77 p. 38 pls. 

Conodonta 

Clark, D.L., Paull, R.K., Solien, M.A., and Morgan, W.A., 1979, Triassic conodont 

biostratigraphy in the Great Basin, in Sandberg, C.A., and Clark, D.L., eds., 

Conodont biostratigraphy of the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains: Provo, 

Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 26, pt. 3, p. 179-186. 

Collinson, J.W., 1968, Permian and Triassic biostratigraphy of the Medicine Range, 

northeastern Nevada: Earth Science Bulletin (Wyoming Geological Association), 

v. 1, no. 4, p. 25-44. 

186
Harris, A.G., and Crafford, A.E.J., 2007, A digital conodont database of Nevada, in 

Crafford, A.E.J., Geologic Map of Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 

249, 1 CD-ROM. 

Müller, K.J., 1956, Triassic conodonts from Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 30, no. 

4, p. 818-830. 

Ritter, S.M., 1986, Permian and Triassic conodont evolution—Rapid evolution of the 

Early Permian Sweetognathus lineage in central and western United States and 

stasis in the Middle Triassic Neogondolella at Fossil Hill, Humboldt Range, 

Nevada: Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 292 

p. 

Ritter, S.M., 1989, Morphometric patterns in Middle Triassic Neogondolella

mombergensis (Conodonta), Fossil Hill, Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 63, 

no. 2, p. 233-245. 

Corals (Scleractinia) 

Roniewicz, Ewa, and Stanley, G.D., Jr., 1998, Middle Triassic cnidarians from the New 

Pass Range, central Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, no. 2, p. 246-256. 

Stanley, G.D., Jr., 1979, Paleoecology, structure and distribution of Triassic coral 

buildups in western North America: Lawrence, University of Kansas 

Paleontological Contributions, Article 65, 68 p., 10 pls. 

Stanley, G.D., Jr., 1980, Triassic carbonate buildups in western North America: 

comparisons with Alpine Triassic of Europe: Rivista Italiana Paleontologia e 

Stratigrafia, v. 85, p. 877-894. 

Stanley, G.D., Jr., 2005, Coral microatolls from the Triassic of Nevada—Oldest 

scleractinian examples: Coral Reefs, v. 24, no. 2, p. 247. 

Crinoidea 

Boyer, D.L., Bottjer, D.J., and Droser, M.L., 2004, Ecological signature of Lower 

Triassic shell beds of the Western United States: Palaois, v. 19, no. 4, p. 372-380. 

Foraminifera 

Gaździcki, Andrzej, and Stanley, G.D., Jr., 1983, First report of Involutinidae 

(Foraminifera) in marine Triassic rocks of North America: Neues Jahrbuch für 

Geologie und Paläontologie Mitteilungen, Monatschrift, v. 2, p. 80-90. 

Gastropoda 

187
Batten, R.L., and Stokes, W.L., 1986, Early Triassic gastropods from the Sinbad Member 

of the Moenkopi Formation, San Rafael Swell, Utah: American Museum 

Novitates, v. 2864, p. 1-16. 

Blodgett, R.B., and Frýda, J., 2001, Upper Triassic gastropod biogeography of western 

North America: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Progams, v. 33, 

no. 3, p. 53 [Nevada-Sonora province defined for Norian age gastropod faunas]. 

Blodgett, R.B., Fryda, Jiri, and Stanley, G.D., 2006, Late Triassic gastropod faunas of 

western North America—A useful tool in terrane analysis: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 38, no. 5, p. 81. 

Fraiser, M.L., and Bottjer, D.J., 2004, The non-actualistic Early Triassic gastropod 

fauna—A case study of the Lower Triassic Sinbad Limestone Member: Palaois, v. 

19, p. 259-275. 

Frýda, J., and Blodgett, R. B., 2003, Silberlingiella, a new purpurinid genus 

(Littorinoidea, Gastropoda) from the late middle Norian (Late Triassic) of the 

Clan Alpine Range, western Nevada: Mitteilungen des GeologischPaläontologischen Instituts der Universität Hamburg, Heft 87, p. 47-54. 

Huynh, T.T., and Bottjer, D.J., 2000, Paleoecology of the Middle Triassic Favret 

Formation, central Nevada—Implications for the initial marine Mesozoic 

radiation in western North America [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 32, no. 7, p. 369 [notes the appearance of gastropod 

communities composed of individuals larger than 1 cm, unlike the 

microgastropod fauna that characterizes the Lower Triassic in western North 

America]. 

Schubert, J.K., and Bottjer, D.J., 1995, Aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction 

event—Paleoecology of Lower Triassic carbonates in the western USA: 

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 116, p. 1-39. 

Hydrozoa 

Hogler, J.A., and Hanger, R.A., 1989, A new chondrophorine (Hydrozoa, Velellidae) from 

the Upper Triassic of Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 63, no. 2, p. 249-251. 

Williams, S.L., 1974, Paleoecology of the Monotis-bearing beds (Upper Triassic), Hoyt 

Canyon, Clan Alpine Mountains, west-central Nevada: Stanford, Calif., Stanford 

University, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation [mentions occurrence of 

Heterastidium]. 

Trace Fossils (Ichnofossils) 

188
Carter, J.G., and Stanley, G.D., Jr., 2004, Late Triassic gastrochaenid and lithophaginid 

borings (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Nevada (USA) and Austria: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 78, no. 1, p. 230-234. 

Nautiloidea 

Hyatt, Alpheus, and Smith, J.P., 1905, The Triassic cephalopod genera of America: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 40, 394 p., 85 pls. 

Kummel, Bernhard, 1953, America Triassic coiled nautiloids: U.S. Geological Survey 

Professional Paper 250, 104 p., 19 pls. 

Silberling, N.J., and Nichols, K.M., 1982, Middle Triassic molluscan fossils of 

biostratigraphic significance from the Humboldt Range, northwestern Nevada: 

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1207, 77 p., 38 pls. 

Ophiuroidea 

Feinberg, Joshua, and Twitchett, Richard, 2001, Ophiuroids in the aftermath of the endPermian biotic crisis—New fossils from North America and Italy [abs.]: Geological 

Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 33, no. 6, p. 11 [first Triassic 

ophiuroids reported from North America]. 

Ostracoda 

Schubert, J.K., and Bottjer, D.J., 1995, Aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction 

event—Paleoecology of Lower Triassic carbonates in the western USA: 

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 116, p. 1-39. 

Sohn, I.G., 1964, Significance of Triassic ostracodes from Alaska and Nevada: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 501-D, p. 40-42. 

Sohn, I.G., 1965, Significance of new marine Triassic ostracodes from North America 

and Eurasia [abs.]: Geological Society of America Special Paper 82, p. 190. 

Sponges (Porifera) 

Rigby, J.K., and Gosney, T.C., 1983, First reported Triassic lyssakid sponges from North 

America: Journal of Paleontology, v. 57, no. 4, p. 787-796. 

Senowbari-Daryan, B., and Stanley, G.D., Jr., 1992, Late Triassic thalamid sponges from 

Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 183-193. 

Radiolaria 

189
Blome, C.D., and Reed, K.M., 1993, Quinn River Formation, Black Rock terrane, northern 

Nevada—New Permian and Triassic radiolarian data [abs.]: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, no. 5, p. 11. 

Blome, C.D., and Reed, K.M., 1995, Radiolarian biostratigraphy of the Quinn River 

Formation, Black Rock terrane, north-central Nevada—Correlations with eastern 

Klamath terrane geology: Micropaleontology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 49-68. 

Murchey, Benita, Jones, D.L., and Blome, C.D., 1983, Comparison of Permian and lower 

Mesozoic radiolarian chert in western accreted terranes [abs.]: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 15, no. 5, p. 371. 

Vertebrata 

Barr, Don, 1983, Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park, Nevada: Geological Newsletter Portland 

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Bottjer, D.J., 2002, Berlin-Ichthyosaur; preserving some of the Earth's largest marine 

vertebrates, in Bottjer, D.J., Etter, Walter, Hagadorn, J.W., and Tang, C.M., eds., 

Exceptional fossil preservation—A unique view on the evolution of marine life: 

New York, Columbia University Press, p. 243-250. 

Camp, C.L, 1976, Vorlaeufige Mitteilung ueber grosse Ichthyosaurier aus der oberen Trias 

von Nevada: Sitzungsberichte – Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 

Mathematisch – Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, v. 185, nos. 5-7, p. 125-

134. 

Camp, C.L, 1980, Large ichthyosaurs from the Upper Triassic of Nevada: 

Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, v. 170, nos. 4-6, p. 139-200. 

Camp, C.L., 1981, Child of the rocks—The story of Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park: Special 

Publication—Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, no. 5, 35 p. 

Davidson, Pirie, 1919, A cestraciont spine from the Middle Triassic of Nevada: Berkeley, 

University of California, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, v. 11, no. 4, p. 433-

435. 

Edgar, Blake, 1999, Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park, Austin, Nevada, in Edgar, Blake, ed., 

Dinosaur digs: Singapore, Discovery Communications, p. 128-129. 

Hemenway, Don, 1983, Skeletons reveal details: Earth Science, v. 36, no. 4, p. 20-21. 

Hogler, J.A., 1987, Depositional environments of ichthyosaur bone beds in the Upper 

Triassic of Nevada [abs.]: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 7, no. 3, 

Supplement, p. 18. 

190
Hogler, J.A., 1990, Mass-mortality of the ichthyosaur Shonisaurus popularis [abs.]: Journal 

of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 10, no. 3, Supplement, p. 27A. 

Hogler, J.A., 1992, Taphonomy and paleoecology of Shonisaurus popularis (Reptilia: 

Ichthyosauria): Palaios, v. 7, no. 1, p. 108-117. 

Kosch, B.F., 1990, A revision of the skeletal reconstruction of Shonisaurus popularis

(Reptilia: Ichthyosauria): Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 512-

514. 

Massare, J.A., and Callaway, J.M., 1988, Live birth in ichythyosaurs—Evidence and 

implications [abs.]: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 8, no. 3, Supplement, p. 

21A. 

Mazin, J.-M., 1986, A new interpretation of the type specimen of Omphalosaurus

nevadanus Merriam 1906: Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, v. 195, nos. 1-3, p. 19-

27. 

Mazin, J.-M., and Bucher, Hugo, 1987, Omphalosaurus nettarhynchus, une nouvelle espece 

d'Omphalosauride (Reptilia, Ichthyopterygia) du Spathien de la Humboldt Range 

(Nevada, U.S.A.): Comptes-Rendus des Seances de l’Academie des Sciences, Serie 

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Petroleum Potential 

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Muller, S.W., and Ferguson, H.G., 1936, Triassic and Lower Jurassic formations of westcentral Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 47, p. 241-252. 

Speed, R.C., 1974, Evaporite-carbonate rocks of the Jurassic Lovelock Formation, West 

Humboldt Range, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 85, p. 105-

118. 

Speed, R.C., and Jones, T.A., 1969, Synorogenic quartz sandstone in the Jurassic mobile 

belt of western Nevada—Boyer Ranch Formation: Geological Society of America 

Bulletin, v. 80, p. 2551-2584. 

Stanley, K.O., 1971, Tectonic and sedimentologic history of Lower Jurassic Sunrise and 

Dunlap Formations, west-central Nevada: American Association of Petroleum 

Geologists Bulletin, v. 55, no. 3, p. 454-477. 

Stanley, K.O., Jordan, W.M., and Dott, R.H., Jr., 1971, New hypothesis of Early Jurassic 

paleogeography and sediment dispersal for western United States: American 

Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 55, no. 1, p. 10-19. 

202
Stewart, J.H., 1997, Triassic and Jurassic stratigraphy and paleogeography of westcentral Nevada and eastern California, with a Correlation diagram of Triassic and 

Jurassic rocks, by J.H. Stewart, N.J. Silberling, and D.S. Harwood: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-495, 57 p. 

Sulima, J.H., 1970, Lower Jurassic stratigraphy in Coal Canyon, West Humboldt Range, 

Nevada: Chicago, Illinois, Northwestern University, unpublished Master’s thesis, 

40 p. 

Taylor, D.G., Smith, P.L., Laws, R.A., and Guex, Jean, 1983, The stratigraphy and biofacies 

trends of the lower Mesozoic Gabbs and Sunrise formations, west-central Nevada: 

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 20, no. 10, p. 1598-1608. 

Zaengle, D.G., 1984, Provenance and depositional environment of the basal conglomerate of 

the Moenave-Kayenta equivalent strata, Spring Mountains, southern Nevada: 

Carbondale, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, unpublished Master’s thesis, 

121 p. 

Tectonics 

Ketner, K.B., and Alpha, A.G., 1988, Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks near Elko, Nevada—

Evidence for Jurassic to Eocene folding and low-angle faulting: U.S. Geological 

Survey Bulletin 1988-C, p. C1-C13. 

Ketner, K.B., and Smith, J.F., Jr., 1974, Folds and overthrusts of Late Jurassic or Early 

Cretaceous age in northern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, 

v. 2, no. 4, p. 417-419. 

McKee, E.D., Oriel, S.S., Swanson, V.E., MacLachlan, M.E., MacLachlan, J.C., Ketner, 

K.B., Goldsmith, J.W., Bell, R.Y., and Jameson, D.J., 1956, Paleotectonic maps 

of the Jurassic System: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic 

Investigations Map I-175, scale 1:5,000,000. 

Oldow, J.S., and Bartel, R.L., 1987, Early to Middle(?) Jurassic extensional tectonism in 

the western Great Basin—Growth faulting and synorogenic deposition of the 

Dunlap Formation: Geology, v. 15, p. 740-743. 

Oldow, J.S., Satterfield, J.I., and Silberling, N.J., 1993, Jurassic to Cretaceous 

transpressional deformation in the Mesozoic marine province of the northwestern 

Great Basin, in Lahren, M.M., Trexler, J.H., Jr., and Spinosa, C. eds., Crustal 

evolution of the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada: Cordilleran/Rocky Mountain 

section, Geological Society of America Guidebook, Department of Geological 

Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, p. 129-166. 

203
Stahl, S.D., 1989, Recognition of Jurassic transport of rocks of the Roberts Mountains 

allochthon—Evidence from the Sonoma Range, north-central Nevada: Geology, 

v. 17, no. 7, p. 645-648. 

Thorman, C.H., Ketner, K.B., and Peterson, F., 1990, The Elko orogeny—Late Jurassic 

orogenesis in the Cordilleran miogeocline [abs.]: Geological Society of America, 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 22, no. 3, p. 88. 

Wyld, S.J., Quinn, M.J., and Wright, J.E., 1996, Anomalous(?) Early Jurassic 

deformation in the western U.S. Cordillera: Geology, v. 24, p. 1037-1040. 

Paleogeography 

Stewart, J.H., 1997, Triassic and Jurassic stratigraphy and paleogeography of westcentral Nevada and eastern California, with a Correlation diagram of Triassic and 

Jurassic rocks, by J.H. Stewart, N.J. Silberling, and D.S. Harwood: U.S. 

Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-495, 57 p. 

Petrologic and Petrographic Studies 

Havard, J.F., 1974, Evaporite-carbonate rocks of the Jurassic Lovelock formation, West 

Humboldt Range, Nevada [discussion]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, 

v. 85, no. 12, p. 1952. 

Jones, T.A., 1968, A study of Jurassic quartz arenite near Shoshone Springs, Clan Alpine 

Range, Nevada: Evanston, Ill., Northwestern University, unpublished Master’s 

thesis, 73 p. 

CRETACEOUS References 

Bivalvia 

MacNeil, F.S., 1939, Fresh-water invertebrates and land plants of Cretaceous age from 

Eureka, Nev.: Journal of Paleontology, v. 13, p. 355-360. 

Ostracoda 

Sohn, I.G., 1969, Nonmarine ostracodes of Early Cretaceous age from Pine Valley 

quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 643-B, p. B1-B9. 

Swain, F.M., 1987, Some Late Cretaceous? and Paleogene freshwater Ostracoda from 

central and eastern Nevada: Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, v. 19, no. 2, 

p. 215-238. 

Plants 

204
MacNeil, F.S., 1939, Fresh-water invertebrates and land plants of Cretaceous age from 

Eureka, Nev.: Journal of Paleontology, v. 13, p. 355-360. 

Vertebrates 

David, Lore, 1941, Leptolepis nevadensis, a new Cretaceous fish: Journal of 

Paleontology, v. 15, p. 318-321. 

Stratigraphy 

Diem, D.A., and Schmitt, J.G., 1986, Sedimentology and provenance of Late 

Cretaceous(?)–Eocene Sheep Pass Formation conglomerates in hinterland of 

Sevier orogenic belt, east-central Nevada [abs.]: American Association of 

Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 70, p. 1037. 

Fouch, T.D., 1977, Sheep Pass (Cretaceous) to Eocene, and associated closed-basin 

deposits (Eocene to Oligocene?) in east-central Nevada—Implications for 

petroleum exploration [abs.]: American Association of Petroleum Geologists 

Bulletin, v. 68, p. 1378. 

Fouch, T.D., 1979, Character and paleogeographic distribution of Upper Cretaceous (?) 

and Paleogene nonmarine sedimentary rocks in east-central Nevada, in

Armentrout, J.M., Cole, M.R., and TerBest, H., Jr., eds., Cenozoic 

paleogeography of the western United States: Society of Economic 

Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, Pacific Coast Paleogeography 

Symposium 3, p. 97-111. 

Fouch, T.D., Hanley, J.H., and Forester, R.M., 1979, Preliminary correlation of 

Cretaceous and Paleogene lacustrine and related nonmarine sedimentary and 

volcanic rocks in parts of the eastern Great Basin of Nevada and Utah, in

Newman, G.W., and Goode, H.D., eds., Basin and Range symposium and Great 

Basin field conference. Oct. 7-11, 1979: Rocky Mountain Association of 

Petroleum Geologists and Utah Geological Association, p. 305-312. 

Jones, T.A., 1968, A study of Jurassic quartz arenite near Shoshone Springs, Clan Alpine 

Range, Nevada: Evanston, Ill., Northwestern University, unpublished Master’s 

thesis, 73 p. 

Nolan, T.B., Merriam, C.W., and Williams, J.S., 1956, The stratigraphic section in the 

vicinity of Eureka, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 276, 77 p. 

Nutt, C.J., 1996, Cretaceous(?) to early Oligocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks at 

Alligator Ridge, Buck Mountain-Bald Mountain area, central Nevada, in Taylor, 

W.J., and Langrock, H., eds., Cenozoic structure and stratigraphy of central 

Nevada: 1996 Field Conference Volume, Nevada Petroleum Society Inc., Reno, 

Nevada, p. 13-18. 

205
Suydam, J.D., 1988, Sedimentology, provenance, and paleotectonic significance of the 

Cretaceous Newark Canyon Formation, Cortez Mountains, Nevada: Bozeman, 

Montana State University, unpublished Master’s thesis, 90 p. 

Vandervoort, D.S., 1987, Sedimentology, provencance, and tectonic implications of the 

Cretaceous Newark Canyon Formation, east-central Nevada: Unpublished 

Master’s thesis, Montana State University, 145 p. 

CENOZOIC References 

Bivalvia 

Firby, J.R., 1966, New non-marine Mollusca from the Esmeralda Formation, Nevada: 

Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, v. 33, no. 14, p. 453-479. 

Good, S.C., Nester, P.L., and Snoke, A.W., 1995, Lacustrine mollusks from the lower 

Humboldt Formation, northeastern Nevada, and possible late Eocene to Oligocene 

age [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 27, no. 1, 

p. 49. 

Taylor, D.W., 1960, Distribution of the freshwater clam Pisidium ultramontanum—A 

zoogeographic inquiry: American Journal of Science, v. 258-A, p. 325-334. 

Gastropoda 

Brennan, R.J., 1995, Fossil snails in the southern Great Basin—Evidence for reliable 

(super 14) C dating of sediments and constraints on the (super 14) C contents of 

paleogroundwaters: Tucson, University of Arizona, unpublished Master’s thesis, 

12 p. 

Currey, D.R., Berry, M.S., Green, S.A., and Murchison, S.B., 1988, Very late Pleistocene 

red beds in the Bonneville Basin, Utah and Nevada: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 20, no. 6, p. 411. 

Dubiel, R.F., Good, S.C., Potter, C.J., and Snee, L.W., 1993, Sedimentologic and 

biostratigraphic implications for early Eocene lacustrine systems, eastern Great 

Basin, Nevada: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, 

no. 5, p. 32. 

Firby, J.R., 1963, A new genus of planorbid gastropods from the ‘Esmeralda Formation’ 

of Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 37, no. 5, p. 1120-1122. 

Firby, J.R., 1966, New non-marine Mollusca from the Esmeralda Formation, Nevada: 

Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, v. 33, no. 14, p. 453-479. 

206
Firby, J.R., 1973, An Oligocene non-marine molluscan fauna from eastern Nevada: 

Journal of Paleontology, v. 47, no. 1, p. 115-120. 

Firby, J.R., 1993, A new species of Vorticifex (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) from late 

Cenozoic lake deposits, Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, no. 3, p. 370-374. 

Good, S.C., Nester, P.L., and Snoke, A.W., 1995, Lacustrine mollusks from the lower 

Humboldt Formation, northeastern Nevada, and possible late Eocene to Oligocene 

age [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 27, no. 1, 

p. 49. 

Hershler, Robert, and Liu, Hsiu-Ping, 2005, Molecular evidence suggests a complex 

biogeographic history of springsnails in the Death Valley region, CaliforniaNevada [abs.], p. 6, in Reheis, M.C., ed., Geologic and biotic perspectives on late 

Cenozoic drainage history of the southwestern Great Basin and lower Colorado 

River region—Conference abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2005-1404, 19 p.. 

Murray, D.A., Ridgway, K.D., Stamatakos, J.A., and Gray, M.B., 2001, Pre late-Miocene 

sedimentary record of Basin and Range extension in southwestern Nevada and 

eastern California [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 

v. 33, no. 6, p. 79. 

Murray, D.A., Ridgway, K.D., Stamatakos, J.A., and Gray, M.B., 2002, Stratigraphy and 

tectonic implication of upper Oligocene and lower Miocene strata in the Yucca 

Mountain area [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 

34, no. 6, p. 106. 

Nutt, C.J., and Good, S.C., 1998, Recognition and significance of Eocene deformation in 

the Alligator Ridge area, central Nevada, p. 141-150, in Tosdal, R.M., ed., 

Contributions to the gold metallogeny of northern Nevada: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 98-338-B, 290 p.. 

Sharpe, S.E., Whelan, J.F., and Forester, R.M., 1994, Southern Nevada land snails—A 

proxy for late glacial summertime precipation patterns [abs.]: Geological Society 

of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, no. 7, p. 447. 

Starratt, S.W., 1987, Micropaleontology, paleolimnology, and biochronology of middle 

Miocene lacustrine and nearshore facies belonging to the ‘Esmeralda’ Formation 

in Stewart Valley, west-central Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 19, no. 5, p. 336. 

Taylor, D.W., 1983, Late Tertiary mollusks from the lower Colorado River valley: Ann 

Arbor, University of Michigan, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, 

v. 20, no. 13, p. 289-298. 

207
Vail, C.G., Good, S.C., and Dubiel, R.F., 1994, Molluscan fauna of the early Eocene 

White Sage Formation of the eastern Great Basin, Nevada—Paleoecologic and 

biostratigraphic significance [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with 

Programs, v. 26, no. 3, p. 77. 

Ostracoda 

Becker, Jacques, 1969, The fresh-water Ostracoda of the Humboldt Formation (Miocene) 

in northern Nevada, northern Utah and southeastern Idaho: Minneapolis, 

University of Minnesota, unpublished Master’s thesis, 55 p. 

Dickinson, K.A., 1959, The Ostracoda and Cladocera of the Humboldt Formation in 

northeastern Nevada: Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, unpublished 

Master’s thesis, 47 p. 

Dickinson, K.A., and Swain, F.M., 1967, Late Cenozoic freshwater Ostracoda and 

Cladocera from northeastern Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 41, p. 335-350. 

Murray, D.A., Ridgway, K.D., Stamatakos, J.A., and Gray, M.B., 2001, Pre late-Miocene 

sedimentary record of Basin and Range extension in southwestern Nevada and 

eastern California [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 

v. 33, no. 6, p. 79. 

Murray, D.A., Ridgway, K.D., Stamatakos, J.A., and Gray, M.B., 2002, Stratigraphy and 

tectonic implication of upper Oligocene and lower Miocene strata in the Yucca 

Mountain area [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 

34, no. 6, p. 106. 

Starratt, S.W., 1987, Micropaleontology, paleolimnology, and biochronology of middle 

Miocene lacustrine and nearshore facies belonging to the ‘Esmeralda’ Formation 

in Stewart Valley, west-central Nevada [abs.]: Geological Society of America 

Abstracts with Programs, v. 19, no. 5, p. 336. 

Swain, F.M., 1964, Tertiary fresh-water Ostracoda of the Uinta Basin and related forms 

from southern Wyoming, western Utah, Idaho, and Nevada: Guidebook to the 

geology and mineral resources of the Unita Basin, Intermountain Association of 

Petroleum Geologists, 13th Annual Field Conference, 1964, p. 173-180. 

Swain, F.M., 1976, Paleoecological implications of Holocene and late Pleistocene 

Ostracoda, Lake Lahontan Basin, Nevada [abs.], in Loeffler, H., Chairperson, 

International Symposium on ecology and zoogeography of Recent and fossil 

Ostracoda; programme, abstracts, list of participants: Vienna, Austria, FacultasVerlag, p. 35. 

Swain, F.M., 1985, Some middle Cenozoic freshwater Ostracoda from western Nevada: 

Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, v. 17, no. 3, p. 413-446. 

208
Swain, F.M., 1986, Middle Cenozoic freshwater Ostracoda from northeastern Nevada: 

Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, v. 18, no. 2, p. 181-227. 

Swain, F.M., 1986, Lacustrine ostracod biostratigraphy in Neogene rocks of Basin and 

Range Province, western United States [abs.]: American Association of Petroleum 

Geologists Bulletin, v. 70, no. 5, p. 653. 

Swain, F.M., 1987, Some Late Cretaceous? and Paleogene freshwater Ostracoda from 

central and eastern Nevada: Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, v. 19, no. 2, 

p. 215-238. 

Swain, F.M., 1987, Some Oligocene and Miocene freshwater Ostracoda from central and 

southern Nevada and southwestern Texas: Revista Española de 

Micropaleontologia, v. 19, no. 3, p. 413-449. 

Swain, F.M., 1987, Pre-Pleistocene fresh water ostracode assemblages in Nevada, 

northwestern Utah, and southern Utah: Utah Geological Association Publication, 

v. 16, p. 315-317. 

Swain, F.M., Becker, J., and Dickinson, K.A., 1971, Paleoecology of Tertiary and fossil 

Quaternary non-marine Ostracoda from the western interior United States: Centre 

de Recherches de Pau Societe Nationale des Petroles d’Aquitaine, Bulletin, v. 5, 

no. 5, p. 461-477. 

Swain, F.M., and Wagoner, J.L., 1985, Some freshwater Ostracoda from Esmeralda 

Formation (Neogene) of western Nevada: Revista Española de 

Micropaleontologia, v. 17, no. 1, p. 123-149. 

Insecta 

Brown, T.M., Hasiotis, S.T., Genise, J.F., Maldonado, Florian, and Brouwers, E.M., 

1997, Trace fossils of Hymenoptera and other insects, and paleoenvironments of 

the Claron Formation (Paleocene and Eocene), southwestern Utah, in Maldonado, 

F., and Nealey, L.D., eds., Geologic studies in the Basin and Range–Colorado 

Plateau transition in southeastern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and northwestern 

Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2153, p. 41-58. 

La Rivers, I.J., 1951, Some fossil insects from a Nevada hot spring deposit: Bulletin – 

Southern California Academy of Sciences, v. 50, pt. 2, p. 81-85. 

Lewis, S.E., 1989, Eocene insect localities in the United States and Canada: Occasional 

Papers in Paleobiology, St. Cloud University [St. Cloud, Minnesota], v. 3, no. 2, 

38 p. 

Lewis, S.E., 1989, Miocene insect localities in the United States: Occasional Papers in 

Paleobiology, St. Cloud University [St. Cloud, Minnesota], v. 3, no. 4, 13 p. 

209
Lewis, S.E., 1989, Pliocene insect localities in the United States: Occasional Papers in 

Paleobiology, St. Cloud University [St. Cloud, Minnesota], v. 3, no. 5, 8 p. 

Lugaski, T.P., 1986, Preliminary analysis of the physical stratigraphy, depositional 

environment, and paleoecology of the Miocene non-marine deposits, Stewart 

Valley, Nevada: Reno, University of Nevada, unpublished Master’s thesis, 234 p. 

Meyer, H.W., Reilly, Kimberly, Maguire, Stacey, O’Brien, N.R., and Ross, A.M., 2001, 

Fossilization of Tertiary insects and plants by polysaccharide film [abs.]: 

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 33, no. 1, p. 63. 

Schorn, H.E., Scudder, H.I., Savage, D.E., and Firby, J.R., 1989, General stratigraphy 

and paleontology of the Miocene continental sequence in Stewart Valley, Mineral 

County, Nevada, U.S.A, in Liu Gengwu, Tsuchi, Ryuich, and Lin Qibin, eds., 

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Pacific Neogene continental and 

marine events, Nanjing, China, June 2-4, 1988, p. 157-173. 

Sleeper, E.L., 1968, A new fossil weevil from Nevada (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): 

Bulletin – Southern California Academy of Sciences, v. 67, pt. 3, p. 196-198. 

Smith, D.M., 2002, Exceptional diversity and preservation—Insects and plants of the 

middle Miocene Stewart Valley assemblage [abs.]: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, no. 6, p. 102. 

Stidham, T.A., and Stidham, J.A., 2000, A new Miocene band-winged grasshopper 

(Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Nevada: Annals of the Entomological Society of 

America, v. 93, no. 3, p. 405-407. 

Waage, J.K., 1976, Insect remains from ground sloth dung: Journal of Paleontology, v. 

50, no. 5, p. 991. 

Waggoner, B.M., and Poteet, M.F., 1996, Unusual oak leaf galls from the middle 

Miocene of northwestern Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 70, no. 6, p. 1080-

1084. 

Plants 

Axelrod, D.I., 1940, The Pliocene Esmeralda flora of west-central Nevada: Journal of the 

Washington Academy of Sciences, v. 30, no. 4, p. 163-174. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1940, Late Tertiary floras of the Great Basin and border areas: Bulletin of 

the Torrey Botanical Club, v. 67, no. 6, p. 477-487. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1941, Succession of late Tertiary vegetation in west-central Nevada [abs.]: 

American Journal of Botany, Supplement, v. 28, no. 10, p. 7. 

210
Axelrod, D.I., 1956, Mio-Pliocene floras from west-central Nevada: Berkeley, University 

of California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 33, 321 p. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1957, Late Tertiary floras and the Sierra Nevadan uplift [CaliforniaNevada]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 68, no. 1, p. 19-45. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1957, Paleoclimate as a measure of isostasy [California-Nevada]: 

American Journal of Science, v. 255, no. 10, p. 690-696. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1958, The Pliocene Verdi flora of western Nevada: Berkeley, University of 

California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 34, no. 2, p. 91-159. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1959, Late Cenozoic evolution of the Sierran bigtree forest [Nevada]: 

Evolution, v. 13, no. 1, p. 9-23. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1962, A Pliocene Sequoiadendron forest from western Nevada: Berkeley, 

University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 39, no. 3, p. 195-

267. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1966, The Eocene Copper Basin flora of northeastern Nevada: Berkeley, 

University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 59, 125 p. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1966, A method for determining the altitudes of Tertiary floras: 

Palaeobotanist, v. 14, nos. 1-3, p. 144-171. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1968, Eocene subalpine conifer forest, Idaho and Nevada: Geological 

Society of America Special Paper 115, p. 310-311. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1991, The early Miocene Buffalo Canyon flora of western Nevada: 

Berkeley, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 135, 76 

p. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1992, The middle Miocene Pyramid flora of western Nevada: Berkeley, 

University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 137, 50 p. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1996, Diverse upland Eocene forests, Western U.S.A.: Palaeobotanist, v. 

45, p. 81-97. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1997, Paleoelevation estimated from Tertiary floras: International Geology 

Review, v. 39, no. 12, p. 1124-1133. 

Axelrod, D.I., 1998, Paleoelevation estimated from Tertiary floras, in Ernst, W.G., and 

Nelson, C.A., eds., Integrated Earth and environmental evolution of the 

Southwestern United States: Columbia, Maryland, Bellwether Publishing, p. 70-

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211
Axelrod, D.I., and Schorn, H.E., 1994, The 15 Ma floristic crisis at Gillam Spring, 

Washoe County, northwestern Nevada: PaleoBios, v. 16, no. 2, 9 p. 

Axelrod, D.I., and Ting, W.S., 1960, Late Pliocene floras east of Sierra Nevada 

[California-Nevada]: Berkeley, University of California Publications in 

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Berry, E.W., 1927, The flora of the Esmeralda Formation in western Nevada: 

Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 72, no. 23, p. 1-15. 

Chaney, R.W., 1924, Preliminary report on a Tertiary flora from northwestern Nevada: 

Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 35, no. 1, p. 162-163. 

Coats, R.R., 1986, Invertebrate and paleobotanical fossils collected in Elko County, 

Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Open File Report 86-1, 397 p. 

Everden, J.T., and James, G.T., 1964, Potassium-argon dates and the Tertiary floras of 

North America: American Journal of Science, v. 262, no. 8, p. 945-974. 

Knowlton, F.H., 1900, Fossil plants of the Esmeralda Formation: United States 

Geological Survey Annual Report, 1900, v. 21, pt. 2, p. 209-220. 

LaMotte, R.S., 1934, Upper Miocene flora from 49 Camp, Nevada [abs.]: Pan-American 

Geologist, v. 62, no. 1, p. 74. 

LaMotte, R.S., 1936, The upper Cedarville flora of northwestern Nevada and adjacent 

California [with a section on the diatoms from 49 Camp, by Kenneth Elmo 

Lohman]: Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 455, p. 57-142. 

Lugaski, T.P., 1986, Preliminary analysis of the physical stratigraphy, depositional 

environment, and paleoecology of the Miocene non-marine deposits, Stewart 

Valley, Nevada: Unpublished Master’s thesis, University of Nevada at Reno, 234 

p. 

Meyer, H.W., Reilly, Kimberly, Maguire, Stacey, O’Brien, N.R., and Ross, A.M., 2001, 

Fossilization of Tertiary insects and plants by polysaccharide film [abs.]: 

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analysis of Miocene paleofloras from NV and CA—Large upland lakes versus 

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and paleontology of the Miocene continental sequence in Stewart Valley, Mineral 

County, Nevada, U.S.A, in Liu Gengwu, Tsuchi, Ryuich, and Lin Qibin, eds., 

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Pacific Neogene continental and 

marine events, Nanjing, China, June 2-4, 1988, p. 157-173. 

Seiple, Eric, 1996, Field trip—Copper Basin flossil flora: Rocky & Gem, v. 26, no. 9, p. 

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Smith, D.M., 2002, Exceptional diversity and preservation—Iinsects and plants of the 

middle Miocene Stewart Valley assemblage [abs.]: Geological Society of 

America Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, no. 6, p. 102. 

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224
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225
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154. 

227
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228
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68. 

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229
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Taylor, E.H., 1941, A new anuran from the middle Eocene of Nevada: Lawrence, 

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Tedford, R.H., Albright, L.B., III, Barnosky, A.D., Ferrusquia-Villafranca, Ismael, Hunt, 

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p. 

Stratigraphy 

Fouch, T.D., 1979, Character and paleogeographic distribution of Upper Cretaceous (?) 

and Paleogene nonmarine sedimentary rocks in east-central Nevada, in

Armentrout, J.M., Cole, M.R., and TerBest, H., Jr., eds., Cenozoic 

paleogeography of the western United States: Society of Economic 

Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, Pacific Coast Paleogeography 

Symposium 3, p. 97-111. 

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Cretaceous and Paleogene lacustrine and related nonmarine sedimentary and 

volcanic rocks in parts of the eastern Great Basin of Nevada and Utah, in

Newman, G.W., and Goode, H.D., eds., Basin and Range Symposium: Rocky 

Mountain Association of Petroleum Geologists and Utah Geological Association, 

p. 305-312. 

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Alligator Ridge, Buck Mountain-Bald Mountain area, central Nevada, in Taylor, 

W.J. and Langrock, H., eds., Cenozoic structure and stratigraphy of central 

Nevada: 1996 Field Conference Volume, Nevada Petroleum Society Inc., Reno, 

Nevada, p. 13-18. 

NEVADA BUREAU OF MINES AND GEOLOGY COUNTY 

REPORTS 

231
The Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology has issued the following reports for Nevada 

counties which are an invaluable resource for regional stratigraphy and paleontology: 

Clark County 

Longwell, C.R., Pampeyan, E.H., Bowyer, B., and Roberts, R.J., 1965, Geology and 

mineral deposits of Clark County, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology 

Bulletin 62, 218 p. 

Churchill County 

Willden, R., and Speed, R.C., 1974, Geology and mineral deposits of Churchill County, 

Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 83, 95 p. 

Douglas County 

Moore, J.G., 1969, Geology and mineral deposits of Lyon, Douglas, and Ormsby 

Counties, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 75, 45 p. 

Elko County 

Coats, R.R., 1986, Invertebrate and paleobotanical fossils collected in Elko County, 

Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Open File Report 86-1, 397 p. 

Coats, R.R., 1987, Geology of Elko County, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and 

Geology Bulletin 101, 112 p. 

Esmeralda County 

Albers, J.P., and Stewart, H.J., 1972, Geology and mineral deposits of Esmeralda County, 

Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 78, 80 p. 

Eureka County 

Roberts, R.J., Montgomery, K., and Lehner, R.E., 1967, Geology and mineral resources 

of Eureka County, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 64, 

152 p. 

Humboldt County 

Willden, Ronald, 1964, Geology and mineral deposits of Humboldt County, Nevada: 

Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 59, 154 p. 

Lander County 

232
Stewart, J.H., McKee, E.H., and Stager, H.K., 1977, Geology and mineral deposits of 

Lander County, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 88, 106 

p. 

Lincoln County 

Tschanz, C.M., and Pampeyan, E.H., 1970, Geology and mineral deposits of Lincoln 

County, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 73, 188 p. 

Lyon County 

Moore, J.G., 1969, Geology and mineral deposits of Lyon, Douglas, and Ormsby 

Counties, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 75, 45 p. 

Mineral County 

Ross, D.C., 1961, Geology and mineral deposits of Mineral County, Nevada: Nevada 

Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 58, 98 p. 

Nye County 

Cornwall, H.R., 1972, Geology and mineral deposits of southern Nye County, Nevada: 

Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 77, 49 p. 

Kleinhampl, F.H., and Ziony, J.I., 1985, Geology of northern Nye County, Nevada: 

Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 99A, 172 p. 

Ormsby County 

Moore, J.G., 1969, Geology and mineral deposits of Lyon, Douglas, and Ormsby 

Counties, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 75, 45 p.

Pershing County 

Johnson, M.G., 1977, Geology and mineral deposits of Pershing County, Nevada: 

Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 89, 115 p. 

Storey County 

Bonham, H.F.J., and Papke, K.G., 1969, Geology and mineral deposits of Washoe and 

White Pine Counties, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 70, 

140 p.

Washoe County 

233
234

Bonham, H.F.J., and Papke, K.G., 1969, Geology and mineral deposits of Washoe and 

White Pine Counties, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 70, 

140 p. 

White Pine County 

Hose, R.K., Blake, M.C., Jr., and Smith, R.M., 1976, Geology and mineral resources of 

White Pine County, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 85, 

105 p.