**GAO-08-1095**                      Published: Sep 25, 2008. Publicly Released: Oct 27, 2008.                  

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## Highlights

Semiconductors are key components in weapons systems and consumer electronics. Since semiconductors have both civilian and military applications, U.S. export control policy treats the equipment and materials used to manufacture semiconductors as "dual-use" items, and controls the export of these items through licensing requirements to sensitive destinations such as China. You requested that we update our 2002 report on China's semiconductor manufacturing capabilities to address the (1) evolution of China's capabilities since 2002, (2) changes to U.S. export control policies over the sale of semiconductor manufacturing equipment and materials to China since 2002, and (3) the advantages and limitations of these changes.

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## Topics

International Affairs

Export regulationExportingForeign corporationsForeign governmentsForeign trade agreementsForeign trade policiesInternational agreementsInternational relationsInternational tradeInternational trade regulationInternational trade restrictionLicensesManufacturing industryProgram evaluationProgram managementRestrictive trade practicesSecurity policiesSecurity regulationsTechnologyTrade policiesTrade regulation