Prepared in cooperation with the

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and

Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County,

New Jersey

Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5127 
Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, 

Water Use, and Water Levels in the 

Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, 

New Jersey

By G.B. Carleton, A.D. Gordon, and C.M. Wieben

Prepared in cooperation with the

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5127

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

Gale A. Norton, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2005

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services

Box 25286, Denver Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

For more information about the USGS and its products:

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to 

reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.
Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2

Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................2

Well-Numbering System......................................................................................................................2

Geology............................................................................................................................................................2

Hydrology ........................................................................................................................................................6

Aquifer Tests .........................................................................................................................................7

Public Supply Well PVMSW01...................................................................................................7

Public Supply Well PVMSW04...................................................................................................9

April 9, 2001..........................................................................................................................9

September 20, 2001.............................................................................................................9

May 24, 2002.........................................................................................................................9

Analysis of Horizontal Anisotropy of the Carbonate-Rock Aquifer...................................11

Stream Base Flow...............................................................................................................................14

Ground- and Surface-Water Withdrawals .....................................................................................14

Water Levels........................................................................................................................................16

Summary........................................................................................................................................................20

Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................................20

References Cited..........................................................................................................................................21

Appendix: Plots of Time-Drawdown, or Time-Recovery of Water Levels and Estimates of 

Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient by the Cooper-Jacob (1946) Method or the 

Theis (1935) Method.......................................................................................................................36

Figures

1–2. Maps showing—

 1. Location of selected wells in the Pohatcong Valley study area, Warren 1. Location of selected wells in the Pohatcong Valley study area, Warren 

 County, N.J. ............................................................................................................................3

2. Bedrock geology of the Pohatcong Valley study area, Warren County, N.J. .............5

3. Cross section showing generalized geology and generalized flow directions, 

Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.....................................................................................6

4. Map showing location of observation wells in the vicinity of pumped well 

PVMSW01, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J................................................................8

5. Plot of time recovery of water levels in three observation wells in Pohatcong Valley, 

Warren County, N.J., during the aquifer test using public-supply well PVMSW01 

beginning April 5, 2001. ................................................................................................................8

6. Map showing location of observation wells in the vicinity of pumped well 

PVMSW04, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J..............................................................10

7–10. Plots showing—

7. Time drawdown of water levels in public supply well PVMSW04 and two 

 observation wells in Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., during the aquifer 

 test beginning April 9, 2001. ...............................................................................................10

iii
8. Time recovery of water levels in public supply well PVMSW04 and two 

 observation wells in Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., during the 

 aquifer test beginning September 20, 2001 .....................................................................11

9. Time drawdown of water levels in seven observation wells in Pohatcong Valley, 

 Warren County, N.J., during the aquifer test using public supply well PVMSW04 

 beginning May 24, 2002 ......................................................................................................12

10. Directional transmissivity (Td

1/2) calculated at seven observation wells 

 surrounding pumped well PVMSW04 in Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., 

 during the aquifer test beginning May 24, 2002, and theoretical transmissivity 

 ellipse fit to the observation-well data using the technique of Maslia and 

 Randolph (1987) ...................................................................................................................13

11–13. Maps showing—

11. Stream base-flow measurement stations in Pohatcong Creek and selected 

 tributaries, Warren County, N.J., July 13 and August 8, 2000 ......................................15

12. Water levels in wells completed in the carbonate-rock aquifer and water-level 

 contours, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., June 2001.....................................18

13. Water levels in wells completed in the carbonate-rock aquifer and water-level 

 contours, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., June 2002.....................................19

Tables

1. Location and well construction information for selected wells, Pohatcong Valley, 

Warren County, N.J. ...................................................................................................................22

 2. Data used to determine the orientation and shape of the theoretical transmissivity 2. Data used to determine the orientation and shape of the theoretical transmissivity 

ellipse for the carbonate-rock aquifer from the aquifer test beginning 5/24/2002 

using public supply well PVMSW04, including transmissivities calculated from 

water-level drawdown data collected in seven observation wells, Pohatcong Valley, 

Warren County, N.J. ...................................................................................................................13

3. Stream base flow and stream base flow per square mile of basin area of Pohatcong 

Creek, Warren County, N.J., measured on July 13, 2000, and August 8, 2000 ..................16

4. Ground- and surface-water withdrawals, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J. ......17

5. Water-level measurements in selected wells in Pohatcong Valley, Warren 

County, N.J., June 2001 and June 2002...................................................................................32

iv
Conversion Factors and Vertical Datum

Multiply By To obtain

Length

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Volume

gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L) 

gallon (gal) 0.003785 cubic meter (m3) 

million gallons (Mgal) 3,785 cubic meter (m3)

Flow rate

cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

cubic foot per second per square

mile [(ft3/s)/mi2]

 0.01093 cubic meter per second per square

kilometer [(m3/s)/km2]

gallon per minute (gal/min) 0.06309 liter per second (L/s)

gallon per day (gal/d) 0.003785 cubic meter per day (m3/d)

inch per year (in/yr) 25.4 millimeter per year (mm/yr)

Specific capacity

gallon per minute per foot 

[(gal/min)/ft)]

 0.2070 liter per second per meter [(L/s)/m]

Hydraulic conductivity

foot per day (ft/d) 0.3048 meter per day (m/d)

Hydraulic gradient

foot per mile (ft/mi) 0.1894 meter per kilometer (m/km)

Transmissivity*

foot squared per day (ft2/d) 0.09290 meter squared per day (m2/d) 

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

*Transmissivity: The standard unit for transmissivity is cubic foot per day per square foot times 

foot of aquifer thickness [(ft3/d)/ft2]ft. In this report, the mathematically reduced form, foot 

squared per day (ft2/d), is used for convenience.

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) 

or micrograms per liter (μg/L).

v
Abstract

A study was conducted to define the hydrogeology and 

describe the ground-water flow in the Pohatcong Valley in 

Warren County, N.J. near the Pohatcong Valley Ground Water 

Contamination Site. The area is underlain by glacial till and 

alluvial sediments and weathered and competent carbonate 

bedrock. The northwest and southeast valley boundaries are 

regional-scale thrust faults and ridges underlain by crystalline 

rocks. The unconsolidated sediments and weathered bedrock 

form a minor surficial aquifer. The carbonate rocks form a 

highly transmissive fractured-rock aquifer with well yields 

commonly as high as 500 gallons per minute. Ground-water 

recharge and flow in the crystalline-rock aquifer bordering 

the valley is minor compared to flow in the carbonate–rock 

aquifer, and little ground water flows into the carbonate-rock 

aquifer directly from the crystalline-rock aquifer. The thrust 

faults separating the carbonate and crystalline rocks may further impede flow between the two rock types. 

Interpretations of water-level and transmissivity data 

collected during 2000 to 2003 indicate that the carbonate 

formations generally can be considered to be one aquifer. 

The transmissivity of the carbonate-rock aquifer was estimated 

from the results of four aquifer tests conducted with two 

public supply wells. The transmissivity estimated from 

aquifer tests at a well located in Washington Borough is about 

8,600 square feet per day. An aquifer test at a well located near 

the southwest border of Washington Borough was conducted 

to estimate transmissivity and the direction and magnitude of 

anisotropy. The estimated direction of maximum horizontal 

transmissivity near the second well is about 58 ̊ east of north 

and the magnitude is 7,600 square feet per day. The minimum 

horizontal transmissivity is 3,500 square feet per day and the 

ratio of anisotropy (maximum transmissivity to minimum 

transmissivity) is 2.2 to 1.

Stream base-flow data indicate that Pohatcong Creek 

steadily gains flow, but most of the gain is from tributaries 

originating in the crystalline rock areas (valley walls). Therefore, it is concluded there are no major heterogeneities (such 

as karst springs) in ground-water discharge to surface water. 

During periods of low ground-water levels, it is likely that, 

within the study area, Pohatcong Creek gains no flow from the 

carbonate-rock aquifer and may even lose flow to the surficial 

aquifer (which then recharges the carbonate-rock aquifer).

There are few sites in the Pohatcong Valley with largescale (greater than 10 million gallons per year) ground- or 

surface-water withdrawals. The only substantial withdrawals in the valley are from two public supply wells and from 

two industrial facilities. Average annual withdrawals during 

1997–2002 at these four locations totaled 298 million gallons 

per year. About 95 percent of the water withdrawn by the large 

industrial user (108 million gallons per year) is re-injected into 

the aquifer.

In some locations throughout the valley, water levels in 

the shallow surficial deposits were substantially higher than 

those in underlying carbonate-rock aquifer. Water levels in 

the deep part of the surficial aquifer and underlying carbonate-rock aquifer were similar, although the gradients were 

often (but not always) downward. Furthermore, data collected 

during aquifer tests at a public supply well in Washington Borough and a public-supply well west of Washington Borough 

show that the deep part of the surficial aquifer is hydraulically 

well connected to the underlying carbonate-rock aquifer at 

these two locations. The shallow surficial deposits, however, 

are not well connected to the deep surficial deposits and carbonate rock at these two locations. 

The overall ground-water-flow pattern in the valley 

appears to be that precipitation recharges the surficial aquifer 

and is discharged from the surficial aquifer to the underlying 

bedrock aquifer and the Pohatcong Creek and its tributaries. 

Ground-water flow within the carbonate-rock aquifer is mostly 

down-valley, but near the valley walls additional recharge 

creates a gradient with a component of flow towards the valley 

center. At the downstream end of the Pohatcong Valley, ground 

water discharges from the carbonate-rock aquifer directly to 

the Delaware River. 

Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and 

Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, 

New Jersey

By G.B. Carleton, A.D. Gordon, and C.M. Wieben
Introduction

The chlorinated solvents trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene were detected in Pohatcong Valley in public supply 

wells in Washington Borough and Washington Township, 

Warren County, New Jersey in 1978 (CH2M Hill, 2003). 

Subsequent investigation revealed that many domestic wells in 

Washington and Franklin Townships also were contaminated, 

and in 1989 the Pohatcong Valley Ground Water Contamination Site (hereafter referred to as the study area) was added to 

the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National 

Priority List (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2004). 

The remedial investigation by the USEPA and CH2M Hill, 

with technical assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey 

(USGS), was begun in 1999. The USGS provided technical 

assistance to the USEPA with various hydrogeologic aspects 

of the remedial investigation. The part of the remedial investigation described in this report was conducted in cooperation 

with the USEPA.

The Pohatcong Valley is located in the Highlands Province of New Jersey in an area of ridges (underlain by crystalline rocks) and valleys (underlain by carbonate rocks). The 

study area extends from Washington Borough and Washington 

Township to New Village at the southwestern edge of Franklin 

Township (fig. 1). Pohatcong Creek is a tributary to the Delaware River with a total basin area of 57 mi2

 (square miles). 

The basin area upstream from the USGS streamflow-gaging 

station at Pohatcong Creek at New Village is 33 mi2, and the 

mean annual discharge at New Village is about 32 ft3/s (cubic 

feet per second). Land uses are industrial, commercial, and 

residential in Washington Borough; residential and commercial in Washington Township near Washington Borough and in 

Franklin Township in the villages of Broadway and New Village; and agricultural in some parts of Washington Township 

and most of Franklin Township. 

Purpose and Scope

This report describes the hydrogeology of and groundwater flow in the surficial and carbonate-rock aquifers of the 

Pohatcong Valley in the area from the northeastern border of 

Washington Township to the southwestern border of Franklin 

Township, Warren County, N.J., including all of the USEPA 

Pohatcong Valley Ground Water Contamination Site. The 

hydrogeologic assessment of the Pohatcong Valley includes 

discussion and interpretation of hydrogeologic, aquifer-test, 

stream-discharge, water-use, and water-level data. Multiple 

aquifer tests were conducted to estimate the carbonate-rock 

aquifer properties transmissivity, storage coefficient, and 

anisotropy. Stream base-flow measurements were made to 

quantify outputs from the ground-water system. Water-level 

altitudes in the carbonate and crystalline-rock aquifers, surficial aquifer, and streams were measured to estimate flow paths 

in the ground-water system. Base flow, water use, water levels, 

and results of aquifer tests are shown in figures and tables.

Well-Numbering System

Various numbering systems for identifying wells and 

boreholes are used in this report (table 1, at end of report). 

All wells were numbered according to the New Jersey Unique 

Identification (NJUID) system used by the USGS, New 

Jersey District. The USGS well-identification code consists 

of a two-digit county code followed by a three-digit sequential number. All wells referred to in this report are located in 

Warren County, N.J., and, thus, begin with the corresponding 

county code 41. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) well permit number is included for 

wells for which the permit number is known. For continuity 

with other publications on the study area (CH2M Hill, 2003), 

identification codes developed for this study by CH2M Hill, 

Inc. (CH2M Hill) or ICF-Kaiser, Inc. (ICF-Kaiser, 1997) also 

are used.

Wells installed specifically for this study by CH2M Hill 

for the USEPA are identified using an alpha-numeric system implemented by CH2M Hill. These wells are identified 

beginning with “PV”, short for Pohatcong Valley, followed 

by a three-letter site abbreviation and a two-digit sequential 

number. For example, PVWBG01, represents Pohatcong 

Valley, Washington Borough Garage, well number 1. Domestic or observation wells not linked to a specific site have a 

three-letter abbreviation of DOM or MWO, respectively, 

in place of the site abbreviation, (for example, PVDOM02 

or PVMWO03). In other cases, domestic wells sampled by 

CH2M Hill are reported beginning with “PV”, followed by 

a three-digit sequential number, then the letters “DW” (for 

example, PV076DW).

Wells installed prior to this study that did not have an 

identification code assigned by CH2M Hill are identified with 

a one- or two- letter abbreviation describing the well use, 

followed by a three-digit sequential number. The well-use 

abbreviations used in this report are A (agriculture), C (commercial), D (domestic), P (production), and MW (observation 

well). This well-identification system originally was developed 

by ICF-Kaiser (1997). Wells identified by the USGS that were 

not included in either the ICF-Kaiser or CH2M Hill numbering systems were assigned an identification code based on the 

ICF-Kaiser system.

Geology

The Pohatcong Valley, located in the New England 

Physiographic Province (also known as the Highlands Physiographic Province), is bounded on the north and south sides 

by Middle Proterozoic (Precambrian) crystalline rocks. 

Although there are many rock types in this assemblage, for 

the purposes of this study they are grouped together. Groundwater flow through the crystalline rocks is considered to be 

minor compared with flow in the carbonate rocks of the valley. 

The crystalline rocks do, however, have a major effect on the 

 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Figure 1. Location of selected wells in the Pohatcong Valley study area, Warren County, N.J.

Geology 

31

57

57

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP

HUNTERDON COUNTY

WARREN COUNTY

WASHINGTON

BOROUGH

FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP

HARMONY

TOWNSHIP

WHITE TOWNSHIP

MANSFIELD TOWNSHIP

GREENWICH

TOWNSHIP

NEW 

JERSEY

ATLANTIC OCEAN

STUDYAREA

Delaware River

0 10 20

0 10 20

30 MILES

30 KILOMETERS

41 

75 74 

40 

39 

Musconetcong

River

Poha ct ong

Creek

Bras s

Castl e Creek

Poha ct o gn er C k e

Shabbeco n g

C er ek

WASHINGTON

BOROUGH

PVVCA06

D244

PVVCA05

D238 D211 PVMWO03 PVMWO01

D242

D400

D206

D246

D268

D282

D301

D298 D218

D234

D225

A472

D414

D413

D403

PVWCC14

PVWCC15 D404

MW453

MW454

D433 A470

C488

PVWCV05

D416 D415

PVBMC01

PVBMC02

MW-42E

D84

D71

D58

D411

D412

D57

A3

D409 D70

D437

D55

D410

D443

D60

D407

PVMSW0

D40

2

6

PVRAB04

PVRAB05

PVGPU01

PVSTJ01

PVSTJ01A

MW-42H

MW-42F

MW465

PVCHU02

PVMSW04

MW-42D A474

PVFCC12

PVFCC13

PVGSS05

PVGSS04 PVMWO04

PVMWO02

Broadway

PVWBG04

PVBAS01 PVBAS02

PVANC03

MW-459

MW458

PVSMC02

PVSMC01

PVSMC03

PVPTA04

PVHBR08

PVHBR07

PVWPC14

PVWPC13

C493

PVVTC07

PVVTC13

PVVTC14 PVVTC15 PVWLY07

PVANC29PVWLY12PVWLY09PVWLY08

P484

P485

PVANC30 PVANC06

PVVAN02

PVANC05

PVVAN01

P483

MW450

MW457

MW451

P495

PVBAS03

PVTVN16

P494

PVTVN15

PVTVN14

PVTVN13

MW-460

PVWBG03

PVWBG02

PVMSW01

PVWBG01

PVWBG12PVWBG11

PVMVS06 PVLNL06

PVLNL07PVLNL05

New Village

MW469

40 

45’

2 MILES 0 1

0 2 KILOMETERS 1

0.5

0.5

75 5’ 75 2’30" 75 74 57’30"

40 

42’

30"

75 5’ 75 2’30" 75 74 57’30"

40 

45’

40 

42’

30"

Approximate extent of carbonaterock aquiferPohatcong Valley Ground Water Contamination Site boundaryWell location and identification code A474

EXPLANATION

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital line graph files, 1:24,000
ground-water-flow system because they are a barrier to flow 

from the carbonate rocks across the ridges. 

The valley is underlain by Paleozoic rocks (Cambrian 

and Ordovician age, 600–435 million years old) including the 

Leithsville Formation (Cl), Allentown Dolomite (OCa), Lower 

and Upper Beekmantown Group (Obl and Obu, respectively), 

all members of the Kittatiny Supergroup, and Jacksonburg 

Limestone (Oj) (fig. 2). Descriptions of these units in the 

Washington quadrangle (Drake and others, 1994), Bloomsbury quadrangle (Drake, 1967), eastern part of the Belvidere 

quadrangle (Drake and Lyttle, 1985), and northern New Jersey 

(Drake and others, 1996) differ slightly, but are similar overall 

and are summarized below.

The Leithsville Formation contains fine- to coarsegrained dolomite and calcitic dolomite, phyllite (between 

shale and mica schist), and thin beds of dolomite-cemented 

quartz. The unit is about 1,000 ft thick. Drake describes the 

Leithsville as one of the primary karst-forming formation in 

the study area (ICF-Kaiser, 1997, p. 8). 

The Allentown Dolomite contains very fine- to mediumgrained, rhythmically-bedded dolomite with beds and lenses of 

orthoquartzite, which are particularly abundant near the upper 

contact. Lower dolomite beds are interbedded with shaly 

dolomite. The shaly dolomite increases towards the conformable contact with the underlying Leithsville Formation. The 

Allentown Dolomite is about 1,900 ft thick. 

The Beekmantown Group is divided into lower and upper 

parts. The lower part of the Beekmantown Group is equivalent 

to the Stonehenge Formation of Drake and Lyttle (1985) and 

the Rickenbach Dolomite and Epler Formation of Markewicz 

and Dalton (1977). The upper part of the Beekmantown Group 

is equivalent to the Rickenbach Dolomite and Epler Formation of Drake and Lyttle (1985) and the Ontelaunee Formation of Markewicz and Dalton (1977). The lower part of the 

Beekmantown Group contains thin- to thick-bedded, very 

fine- to medium-grained dolomite, fine-grained limestone, 

dolomitic shale laminae surrounding limestone lenses, and 

solution-collapse breccia. The upper beds of the unit are fineto medium-grained dolomite, the middle beds are very fine- to 

medium-grained dolomite and fine-grained limestone, and the 

lower beds are very fine- to coarse-grained dolomite, locally 

containing chert, quartz-sand laminae, and oolites. The unit is 

as much as 700 ft thick. 

The upper part of the Beekmantown Group contains thinto thick-bedded, very fine- to medium-grained dolomite. The 

upper beds of the unit locally contain medium-bedded, finegrained limestone lenses. The lower beds contain chert lenses 

and locally occurring chert beds. Thicknesses statewide range 

from near 0 to 800 ft; the unit could be as much as 500 ft thick 

in the Pohatcong Valley. Drake describes the Beekmantown 

Group as “the other [in addition to the Leithsville Formation] 

main karst unit in the study area” (ICF-Kaiser, 1997); however 

sinkholes observed at land surface are present typically only 

in the upper part of the Beekmantown Group (Donald Monteverde, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, 

oral commun., 2001). 

The Jacksonburg Limestone (Jacksonburg Formation), 

present in the Pohatcong Valley only southwest of New Village (fig. 1), is divided into two units, the upper Cement Rock 

facies (Ojr) and lower Cement Limestone facies (Ojl). The 

upper unit is a fine-grained, thin-bedded, argillaceous (clayey) 

limestone with some beds of crystalline limestone in places. 

The lower unit is a medium- to coarse-grained well-bedded 

calcarenite and fine- to medium-crystalline high-calcium limestone. The upper and lower units are from 300 to 600 ft and up 

to 200 ft thick, respectively. 

The locations of the Paleozoic formations are shown 

in figure 2. The locations of contacts between the carbonate 

formations are approximate in many locations within the 

Pohatcong Valley because the rocks are covered by 30 ft or 

more of glacial, coalluvial, and alluvial deposits. Drillers’ logs 

rarely are detailed enough to assist in delineation. In some 

cases, the location of the contact is based on the estimated 

thickness of the formation and the expression of that thickness 

at the estimated dip. Drillers’ logs for wells throughout the 

valley for the most part confirm the mapped contact between 

carbonate rocks and crystalline rocks. Notable exceptions 

include a well drilled for this study, PVWPC14 (fig. 1), into 

weathered gneiss rather than the mapped dolomitic Leithsville 

Formation; water-level data indicate the wells PVHBR07 and 

PVHBR08 also are not open to the Leithsville Formation, 

although they are in the area mapped as underlain by the 

Leithsville Formation.

The contacts between the carbonate (valley) and crystalline (ridge) rocks are regional thrust faults. G.C. Herman 

(in Drake and others, 1996) concludes from seismic reflection data that a sole thrust fault is present in the Proterozoic 

basement rocks from which subsidiary splay faults reach the 

surface. The three faults mapped in the Pohatcong Valley are 

the Pohatcong (which joins the Kennedy’s fault just northeast 

of Washington Borough), Karrsville, and Brass Castle faults. 

The Pohatcong and Brass Castle faults form the southeastern 

and northwestern borders, respectively, of the carbonate rocks 

in the Pohatcong Valley. The locations of these faults are well 

known because of the substantial change in rock type on either 

side of the fault, recognizable in drillers’ logs, outcrop, and 

float. The location of the Karrsville fault is less certain. The 

Karrsville fault was not known until mapped by Drake and 

others (1994) because it is hidden by surficial deposits in the 

Pohatcong Valley. The presence of the fault is indicated by 

otherwise unexplained sequences southwest of the study area 

(Donald Monteverde, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, oral commun., 2001) and low magnetic expression under Upper Pohatcong Mountain observed in aeromagnetic data (Drake and others, 1994). 

The surficial deposits in the study area are composed 

primarily of deposits of Illinoian and Jerseyan age, recently 

re-worked alluvial sediments close to Pohatcong Creek, and 

weathered bedrock. The units mapped by Stanford and Ashley 

(1993) in the study area are mostly Jerseyan till plus one zone 

each of Jerseyan fluvial sediment, Illinoian moraine, and Illinoian till. Logs from wells throughout the study area typically 

 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Figure 2. Bedrock geology of the Pohatcong Valley study area, Warren County, N.J.

Geology 

Cl

31

57

57

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP HUNTERDON COUNTY WARREN COUNTY

WASHINGTON

BOROUGH

FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP

HARMONY

TOWNSHIP

WHITE TOWNSHIP

MANSFIELD TOWNSHIP

GREENWICH

TOWNSHIP Musconetcong

River

Poha

ct ong

C er ek

Bras s Castl e Creek

Poha

ct o

gn

er C

k e

Shabbeco n g

C

er ek

Cl

OCa

OCa

OCa

OCa

Oj

Obu

Obu

Obl

Obl

Brass

Castle

Thrust Fau tl Karrsville Th us r t

Fault

Poha ct ong

Th ur st

Fault

Precambrian RocksLeithsville FormationAllentown FormationLower Beekmantown FormationUpper Beekmantown FormationJacksonburg FormationPohatcong Valley Ground Water 

EXPLANA

Contamination Site boundary 

TION

2 MILES 0 1

0 2 KILOMETERS 1

0.5

0.5

Geology from U.S. Geological Survey: Bedrock geology of northern New Jersey, 1996 Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital line graph files, 1:24,000

40 

45’

75 5’ 75 2’30" 75 74 57’30"

40 

42’

30"

75 5’ 75 2’30" 75 74 57’30"

40 

45’

40 

42’

30"

Cl

OCa

Obl

Obu

Oj
describe low permeability, poorly sorted, clay-bearing sediments, but no clearly identifiable zone of high-permeability 

sediments. A higher sand-and-gravel content may be present in 

the part of the valley between the western border of Washington Borough and the village of Broadway (fig. 1), but the 

distribution is inconsistent. Similarly, clay may predominate in 

the southwestern part of the study area.

Hydrology

The ground-water-flow system in the Pohatcong Valley 

area apparently has two distinct scales—local recharge to, flow 

in, and discharge from the surficial aquifer to Pohatcong Creek 

and recharge to, and regional, down-valley flow in, the Cambrian/Ordovician carbonate formations that underlie the valley. 

Ground water also flows in the Precambrian crystalline rocks 

that bound the valley, but specific-capacity data indicate that 

the transmissivity and, therefore, the ground-water-flow are 

low compared with the carbonate rocks. Surface runoff from 

the hills and discharge from springs near the contact between 

the crystalline and carbonate rocks re-enter the ground-water 

system as recharge to the surficial and carbonate-rock aquifers 

in addition to the direct recharge from precipitation falling on 

the valley floor (fig. 3). 

The surficial aquifer is an unproductive, unconfined 

aquifer. No high-permeability zones have been documented 

and few domestic wells are completed in this aquifer. The 

thickness is highly variable, in part because of the substantial 

differences in the altitude of the top of competent carbonate rock over tens to hundreds of feet. A perched water table 

was observed in some locations; for example, in the center of 

Washington Borough, on the northern border of the Borough, 

and near well PVCHU02 (fig. 1) west of the borough. In some 

locations, the bottom of the surficial deposits are unsaturated, 

including those where a perched water table is present; for 

example, on the northern border of Washington Borough. 

Data on water levels and depth to rock for various locations 

indicate that the water table is present only in the surficial 

aquifer where the bottom of the aquifer is below the regional 

water level in the underlying carbonate-rock aquifer and that 

horizontal flow in the surficial aquifer is not an important part 

of the flow system as transmission of vertical recharge to the 

underlying carbonate-rock aquifer. 

The carbonate-rock aquifer is an unconfined to semiconfined aquifer made up of the Leithsville, Allentown, 

Beekmantown, and Jacksonburg Formations. Specific-capacity 

data from records of wells completed in the Pohatcong Valley 

and from the USGS statewide Ground-Water Site Inventory 

(GWSI) database indicate that these formations have similar 

transmissivities and are, therefore, grouped together as one 

aquifer. The permeability of the aquifer occurs in secondary 

fractures, joints, and solution channels in the rock; therefore, 

the aquifer is heterogeneous. Results of an aquifer test 

(described later in this report) indicate that the aquifer is 

horizontally anisotropic: transmissivity along the axis of the 

valley is greater than transmissivity across the valley. The 

sources of this anisotropy most likely include fractures and 

solution channels preferentially created along bedding planes 

that strike along the axis of the valley (northeast/southKarrsville

Thrust Fault

Carbonate-rock

aquifer

Crystalline bedrock

Tributary

Pohatcong Creek

Glacial deposits weathered 

bedrock alluvial and colluvial 

deposits

Areal recharge

Generalized direction

of flow

Unchanneled

runoff

EXPLANATION

Surficial aquifer

Pohatcong Thrust Fault

Brass

Castle Thrust Fault

NOT TO SCALE

Figure 3. Cross section showing generalized geology and generalized flow directions, Pohatcong Valley, 

Warren County, N.J.

 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
west) and dip steeply to the southeast. CH2M Hill (2003, 

appendix D) provides fracture orientation data from borehole 

acoustic televiewer logs of 16 boreholes. The fracture 

orientation data indicate that most of the fractures that dip 

at an angle greater than 30 ̊ strike in the range of 15 ̊ west 

of north to 105 ̊ east of north, indicating that bedding-plane 

fractures and fractures perpendicular to bedding along the 

same strike are more prevalent than other fracture sets. No 

caves are known to be present in the study area, but cavities 

up to three feet across were encountered in wells PVLNL05 

and PVWLY08. Some collapse resulted in wells PVBMC01, 

PVGSS05, PVLNL05, PVRAB05, PVSTJ01, PVVAN01, 

PVWBG12, PVWCC15, and PVWLY08 during or after 

drilling. Well P483 (a re-injection well at an industrial facility) 

also has some collapse features.

Aquifer Tests

Analysis of the results of large-scale aquifer tests (in 

which a well is pumped at a sustained rate designed to substantially stress the aquifer and water levels are monitored in 

one or more observation wells) provides a better estimate of 

average aquifer properties than slug tests, single-well aquifer 

tests, or short duration (1–2 hour) multi-well aquifer tests. Six 

large-scale aquifer tests (24-hour or longer) were conducted 

by pumping public supply wells PVMSW01 and PVMSW04 

and measuring the aquifer response in nearby observation 

wells. The water purveyor pumps these two wells continuously 

(when they are in service) to reduce the chances of fluctuating 

water levels causing collapses in the formation. A third well, 

PVMSW02, located outside the Pohatcong Valley, is turned on 

and off on an hourly basis to meet fluctuations in demand. The 

three public supply wells are sufficiently isolated so that there 

is no pumping interference among them or any other supply wells in the study area. The continuous pumping allowed 

drawdown or recovery data to be collected for as long as 2–

3 months when the wells were turned on or off, respectively. 

Public supply well PVMSW01, completed in the 

Leithsville Formation and open from 88 to 345 ft below 

land surface, typically is pumped continuously except for 

approximately 1-day shutdowns twice a year for minor service 

and occasional shutdowns for major service. Data were 

collected when the well was turned off for major servicing 

on April 5, 2001, when the well was returned to service on 

June 14, 2001, and when the well was turned off for 30 hours 

for minor servicing on October 24, 2001. Public supply well 

PVMSW04, completed in the Allentown Formation and open 

from 143 to 184 ft below land surface, is used only when the 

other two wells in the supply system cannot meet demand, 

typically during the summer. Data were collected when the 

well was turned on for the summer season (and to make up for 

the shutdown of public supply well PVMSW01) on April 9, 

2001, turned off for the winter season on September 20, 2001, 

and turned on for the summer season on May 24, 2002. Water 

levels were measured with pressure transducers (calibrated 

with manual measurements), and measurements were stored 

on data loggers for later retrieval. Resource limitations and 

some equipment malfunctions prevented the monitoring of all 

available observation wells for all tests, but the combination 

of all data collected allows for the comparison of results 

among wells and among tests. The drawdown or recovery data 

were analyzed using the “straight line” analytical solution 

by Cooper and Jacob (1946). The heterogeneous, anisotropic 

nature of the fractured carbonate rock clearly violates many of 

the simplifying assumptions of this solution but, in most cases, 

the matches are good enough to indicate that the estimated 

aquifer properties are reasonable.

Public Supply Well PVMSW01

Three aquifer tests were conducted using public supply 

well PVMSW01. The results from all three tests were similar, 

but the data from the first test are considered the most complete and highest quality. Therefore, only the first test is discussed below. Well PVMSW01 is completed in the Leithsville 

Formation and is open from 88 to 345 ft below land surface. 

The first test using public supply well PVMSW01 was 

conducted when the well was turned off for maintenance on 

April 5, 2001. The pumping rate (reported by the purveyor) at 

the time of shutdown was 288 gal/min. Recovery was measured in one observation well completed in the carbonate-rock 

aquifer (PVWBG12), two observation wells completed in the 

deep part of the surficial aquifer (PVWBG01, PVWBG11), 

and four observation wells completed in the shallow part 

of the surficial aquifer, including PVWBG02, PVWBG03, 

PVWBG04, and MW469 (figs. 1 and 4). All of the observation wells are within 350 ft of the public supply well (fig. 4). 

Water levels in wells PVWBG12, PVWBG02, PVWBG03, 

and PVWBG04 were measured with an electric water-level 

indicator (electric tape) every 1–5 minutes at the beginning 

of the test and daily to weekly after the first day. Water levels 

in wells PVWBG11 and MW469 were measured with pressure transducers at 1-minute intervals at the beginning of the 

test and 15-minute intervals for the duration of the test. Water 

levels in well PVWBG01 were measured with an automatic 

float-type recorder at 1-minute intervals for 25 minutes, and 

5-minute intervals until 160 minutes, then daily to weekly with 

an electric tape after the first day. 

Recovery data from three of the observation wells are 

shown in figure 5. Data for PVWBG11 and MW469 apparently were affected by light precipitation that began on the 

second day of the test and ended on the third day and heavier 

precipitation that began on the fifth day and ended on the 

seventh day. The apparent water-level recovery in the shallow part of the surficial aquifer shown in figure 5 (MW469) 

actually is the aquifer response to precipitation. Water-level 

data from subsequent aquifer tests confirm that in this area 

the shallow part of the surficial deposits are not hydraulically 

well-connected to the underlying carbonate-rock aquifer and 

water levels in the shallow surficial aquifer do not respond to 

pumping in the carbonate-rock aquifer. 

Hydrology 
Figure 4. Location of observation wells in the vicinity of pumped well PVMSW01, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, 

N.J.

Figure 5. Time recovery of 

water levels in three observation wells in Pohatcong 

Valley, Warren County, N.J., 

during the aquifer test using 

public-supply well PVMSW01 

beginning April 5, 2001. TIME SINCE PUMPING CEASED, IN MINUTES

1 10 100 1,000 10,000

RECOVERY, IN FEET

0.01

0.1

1

10

PVWBG11

PVWBG12

MW469

OBSERVATION WELLS

PVMSW01 MW469

PVWBG11

PVWBG12

S h a b b e c o n g

C r e e k

Well location and identification

code

EXPLANATION

PVMSW01

0 15 0 30 0 60 0 METERS

0 500 1,000 2,000 FEET

 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
The water-level recovery curve from well PVWBG12 

was analyzed using the Cooper-Jacob straight-line technique 

(Cooper and Jacob, 1946). The calculated transmissivity and 

storage coefficient are 8,600 ft2/d and 1 × 10-2, respectively. 

Although wells PVWBG01 and PVWBG11 are completed in 

the deep part of the surficial aquifer, water levels responded 

quickly; therefore, these data also were analyzed. The calculated transmissivities using recovery data from PVWBG01 and 

PVWBG11 are 2,500 and 2,000 ft2/d, respectively. Calculated 

storage coefficients are 1 × 10-2 and 3 × 10-2, respectively. 

The lower transmissivity and similar or higher storage values 

obtained from surficial aquifer data most likely reflect the 

lower transmissivity and release of water from storage in the 

surficial deposits. Plots showing output from the software 

program AQTESOLV for Windows, version 3.01 (Duffield, 

2000) used to analyze aquifer-test results are included in the 

appendix. Although the Cooper-Jacob straight-line technique 

was used to calculate final transmissivity and storage coefficients, other analyses were also considered. The plots from 

one of these analyses, the Theis method (Theis, 1935), also are 

included in the appendix.

The time-recovery data from the public supply well 

PVMSW01 aquifer tests could not be modeled perfectly with 

any analytical methods probably because of the effects of 

aquifer heterogeneity (for example, the presence of large solution channels), anisotropy caused by preferentially oriented 

fractures (possibly along bedding planes), no-flow boundaries, 

or recharge (including recharge from precipitation on April 

6–7, 2001). The curve matches are not unreasonable, however, 

and the range of results is small enough that the estimated 

transmissivity and storage coefficient are believed to be representative of actual aquifer properties. 

Public Supply Well PVMSW04

Three aquifer tests were conducted using public supply 

well PVMSW04 when it was turned on at the beginning of, or 

off at the end of, the summer pumping season. 

April 9, 2001

The first aquifer test was conducted when the well was 

turned on for the season on April 9, 2001. Water-level drawdown data were collected for the supply well and two observation wells, PVCHU02 and PVFCC12. The general locations of 

observation wells with respect to the pumped well are shown 

in figure 6. The initial pumping rate (calculated by timing a 

totalizing meter for 1 minute) was 453 gal/min and declined 

less than 2 percent (to 440 gal/min) over the duration of the 

test. Water levels in the pumped well were measured with 

an electric tape as rapidly as possible for the first 15 minutes, then at increasing time intervals for the duration of the 

test (fig. 7). Water levels in the two observation wells were 

measured with pressure transducers at 15-minute intervals. 

Fluctuations in water levels in the observation wells early in 

the test are attributed to recharge from light precipitation that 

occurred on April 6–7, 2001. The time-drawdown data from 

the two observation wells were analyzed using the CooperJacob straight-line technique (Cooper and Jacob, 1946). The 

transmissivities calculated using data from wells PVCHU02 

and PVFCC12 are 3,100 and 2,700 ft2/d, respectively. Calculated storage coefficients are 6 × 10-2 and 2 × 10-2, respectively. 

The time-drawdown curve for the pumped well could not be 

matched well enough to results from porous media analytical 

solutions to obtain a reasonable estimate of transmissivity and 

storage coefficient.

September 20, 2001

A second aquifer test was conducted using well 

PVMSW04 when the well was shut down for the season on 

September 20, 2001. Water levels in the pumped well were 

measured at 1-hour intervals with a pressure transducer for 

2 days (until the transducer went out of range). Water levels 

were measured in observation wells PVCHU02 and PVFCC12 

at 15-minute and 1-hour intervals, respectively, for about 

one month (fig. 8). The pumping rate at the time of shut 

off was about 440 gal/min (reported by the purveyor). The 

transmissivities calculated from data from wells PVCHU02 

and PVFCC12 are 4,900 and 13,000 ft2/d, respectively, and 

storage coefficients are 4 × 10-2 and 3 × 10-2, respectively. The 

calculated transmissivities are higher than those for the first 

aquifer test. The reason for this difference is not known, but it 

is possible that regionally rising water levels because of heavy 

but brief precipitation beginning about 100 minutes before the 

test began and ending about 1,400 minutes into the test, and 

about 2 days of light precipitation from about 6,200 minutes 

to 8,500 minutes into the test increased the apparent recovery 

and, therefore, increased the calculated transmissivity.

May 24, 2002

A third aquifer test was conducted using well PVMSW04 

during which water-level data were recorded for seven 

observation wells (PVCHU02, PVFCC12, PVSTJ01A, 

MW42D, MW42F, MW42H, and A474; see fig. 6) to quantify 

aquifer anisotropy. The test began when the well was turned 

on for the season on May 24, 2002, pumping at 280 gal/min 

(reported by the purveyor). Water levels in each of the seven 

observation wells were measured with a pressure transducer 

every 15 minutes for the duration of the test. Water levels 

could have been affected by light precipitation beginning 

17 hours (about 1,000 minutes) before the beginning of the 

test and ending about 1,500 minutes after pumping began. 

Water levels were affected substantially by heavy precipitation 

after about 20,000 minutes (14 days) of pumping. Water levels 

in well A474 were affected by intermittent pumping of that 

well during the first 500 minutes of the test and about 9 times 

after 20,000 minutes. Water levels in well PVSTJ01A may 

have been affected by daily fluctuations attributed to diurnal 

barometric effects. Drawdowns early in the test were affected 

by the distance of the observation well from the pumped 

well, an initial rising water level (attributed to precipitation 

Hydrology 
Figure 6. Location of observation wells in the vicinity of pumped well PVMSW04, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.

Figure 7. Time drawdown of water 

levels in public supply well PVMSW04 

and two observation wells in Pohatcong 

Valley, Warren County, N.J., during the 

aquifer test beginning April 9, 2001.

1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

DRAWDOWN, IN FEET

0.1

1

10

Public supply well PVMSW04

Observation well PVCHU02

Observation well PVFCC12

TIME SINCE PUMPING BEGAN, IN MINUTES

MW-42F

MW-42D

MW-42H

PVMSW04

PVCHU02

A474

PVFCC12

PVSTJ01A

Well location and identification

code

EXPLANATION

MW-42F

S h a b b e c o n g

Cr e e k

P o h a t c o n g

C r e

e k

0 500 1,000 2,000 FEET

0 15 0 30 0 60 0 METERS

10 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
beginning prior to the beginning of the aquifer test), and 

the diurnal fluctuations (fig. 9). The water-level recorder 

in PVSTJ01A was removed 9,000 minutes (6 days) after 

pumping began so the well could be sampled, and water levels 

in that well were affected for about 2,000 minutes. 

The transmissivities calculated from data from wells 

PVCHU02 and PVFCC12, 2,500 and 7,100 ft2/d, respectively, 

are similar to transmissivities calculated from the previous two 

tests. The transmissivities calculated from data from observation wells MW42D, MW42F, MW42H, A474, and PVSTJ01A 

are 9,600, 8,000, 4,800, 6,000, and 5,000 ft2/d, respectively, 

which are similar to transmissivities calculated for wells 

PVCHU02 and PVFCC12. The storage coefficients calculated 

from drawdown data from the seven observation wells fall in a 

relatively narrow range, from 7 × 10-3 to 3 × 10-2.

Analysis of Horizontal Anisotropy of the 

Carbonate-Rock Aquifer

Fractured sedimentary rocks frequently are anisotropic 

(the aquifer is more transmissive in one direction than another) 

because, for example, of preferential orientation of fracturing 

along bedding planes or structural stress lines. The carbonate 

formations in the Pohatcong Valley are layered sedimentary 

formations that have been subjected to tectonic forces and 

have been substantially tilted and folded. Bedding-plane 

fractures and structural fractures along fold axes strike along 

the axis of the valley; therefore, it was hypothesized that 

the carbonate-rock formations are more transmissive along 

strike than across strike (horizontally anisotropic). Ideally, the 

orientation and magnitude of the vector representing maximum transmissivity are determined with tests and analysis 

designed specifically for the task. Horizontal anisotropy (the 

two-dimensional tensor of transmissivity) can be quantified 

by pumping a central well and estimating transmissivity and 

storage coefficient from drawdown data for at least three surrounding observation wells. 

For this study, the horizontal anisotropy was quantified 

using the techniques and Fortran computer program 

(Tensor2D) described by Maslia and Randolph (1987). 

Directional transmissivity (Td) is a vector determined for each 

observation well where the origin of the vector is located at 

the pumped well, the direction is towards the observation well 

(for example, compass direction), and the magnitude of the 

vector is the transmissivity estimated from the time-drawdown 

Figure 8. Time recovery of water levels in public supply well PVMSW04 and two observation wells in Pohatcong 

Valley, Warren County, N.J., during the aquifer test beginning September 20, 2001.

10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

RECOVERY, IN FEET

0.01

0.1

1

10

Public supply well PVMSW04

Observation well PVCHU02

Observation well PVFCC12

TIME SINCE PUMPING CEASED, IN MINUTES

Hydrology 11
data measured at that well. The direction and magnitude of 

maximum and minimum transmissivity are determined by 

(1) calculating the square root of Td or the square root of 

diffusivity (transmissivity divided by storage coefficient, Td/S) 

for each observation well, (2) plotting the result on a polar 

plot, and (3) fitting an ellipse to the data. The direction and 

magnitude of the major and minor axes of the ellipse represent 

the maximum and minimum transmissivity (Tmax and Tmin) 

of the aquifer, and the anisotropy is Tmax/Tmin. When data 

from only three wells are available, the ellipse is fit directly 

to the data. If data from more than three wells are available, 

the orientation and shape of the ellipse is calculated using 

a least-squares or weighted least-squares optimization. For 

the weighted least-squares optimization, the user can choose 

weighting factors for each well based on user-defined criteria 

that may be subjective. For example, if data from one well are 

believed to be less reliable than data from other wells, most 

wells can be assigned a weight of one and the less reliable well 

can be assigned a weight of less than one, causing the resulting 

orientation and shape of the theoretical transmissivity ellipse 

to be less affected by the data from the less reliable well.

The input data to the Tensor2D program for determining the orientation and shape of the theoretical transmissivity 

ellipse are, for each observation well, X and Y coordinates 

(in feet, with respect to the pumped well), the time-axis 

intercept and slope of the straight line derived from analysis of 

drawdown data using the straight-line technique (Cooper and 

Jacob, 1946), and the weight assigned to each well (table 2). 

The drawdown data from the public supply well PVMSW04 

aquifer test of May 24, 2002, were used in this analysis. The 

Tensor2D program calculates transmissivity and storage coefficient values for each observation well, calculates the square 

root of diffusivity, determines the polar coordinates for each 

data point, and calculates the best-fit ellipse to those data 

points using a least-squares algorithm. 

The ellipse representing the transmissivity tensor and 

the data points from which the coordinates of the ellipse were 

calculated are shown in figure 10. The direction of maximum 

transmissivity is N. 58 ̊E., the maximum transmissivity is 

7,600 ft2/d, the minimum transmissivity is 3,500 ft2/d, and the 

ratio of anisotropy (maximum transmissivity: minimum transmissivity) is 2.2:1. The direction of maximum transmissivity, 

N. 58 ̊E., is similar to the trend of the valley and beddingplane strike (about N. 55 ̊E.), indicating that bedding-plane 

fractures and structural fractures that strike parallel to bedding 

planes could provide a preferential flow path.

Figure 9. Time drawdown of water levels in seven observation wells in Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., during 

the aquifer test using public supply well PVMSW04 beginning May 24, 2002.

PVCHU02

PVFCC12

MW-42H

MW-42D

MW-42F

A474

PVSTJ01A

10

1

0.1

0.01

100 1,000 10,000 100,000

DRAWDOWN, IN FEET

TIME SINCE PUMPING BEGAN, IN MINUTES 

OBSERVATION WELLS

IDENTITICATION CODE

12  Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Table 2. Data used to determine the orientation and shape of the theoretical transmissivity ellipse for the carbonate-rock aquifer 

from the aquifer test beginning 5/24/2002 using public supply well PVMSW04, including transmissivities calculated from water-level 

drawdown data collected in seven observation wells, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.

[ft, feet; ft2/d, foot squared per day; ft3/d, foot cubed per day; ft/log10(days), feet per base 10 log of days; --, not applicable; see figure 6 for well locations]

Well identification code

x-coordinate 

with respect to 

the pumping well 

(ft)

y-coordinate 

with respect to 

the pumping well 

(ft)

Transmissivity of 

aquifer estimated 

using data from this 

observation well 

(ft2/d)

Discharge of 

pumped well 

(ft3/d)

Value of timeaxis intercept, 

Cooper-Jacob 

(1946) analysis 

(days)

Slope of line, 

Cooper-Jacob 

(1946) analysis 

(ft/log10(days))

Weight 

assigned 

to each 

well

PVMSW04 0 0 -- 53904 -- -- --

PVCHU02 -19.38 -513.45 2500 -- 1.390 4.00 1

PVFCC12 1077.24 -1036.75 7100 -- 2.780 1.38 1

MW-42D -1060.63 47.57 9600 -- 1.320 1.01 1

MW-42F -1395.69 -50.85 8000 -- 2.640 1.22 1

MW-42H -980.35 -173.88 4800 -- 1.319 2.09 1

A474 844.61 692.26 6000 -- 2.153 1.68 1

PVSTJ01A 2741.45 1133.53 5000 -- 5.625 1.98 1

Figure 10. Directional transmissivity (Td

1/2) calculated at seven 

observation wells surrounding 

pumped well PVMSW04 in Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., 

during the aquifer test beginning 

May 24, 2002, and theoretical 

transmissivity ellipse fit to the 

observation-well data using the 

technique of Maslia and Randolph 

(1987).

0 20 40 60 80

0

20

40

60

80

80 60 40 20 0

0

20

40

60

80

MW42H

MW42F

MW42D

PVCHU02

PVFCC12

PVSTJ01-A

A474

North

West East

South

Theoretical transmissivity ellipse as estimated using

the technique of Maslia and Randolph, 1987

Indicates directional transmissivity (Td

1/2) at

 well number A474

A474

Hydrology 13
It is mathematically possible to fit an ellipse representing 

the anisotropic transmissivity tensor of two-dimensional flow 

to the data from this aquifer test (fig. 10); therefore, the data fit 

the conceptual model of a homogeneous, anisotropic aquifer. 

No data points plot directly on the ellipse, however, indicating that heterogeneities in the aquifer affect the results. For 

example, the data points for wells PVFCC12 and MW-42H 

plot farther from the ellipse than the data points for the other 

five observation wells (fig. 10). The reasons for this difference 

are not known but could include small-scale heterogeneities 

that affect the hydraulic connections of a particular well to the 

fractures most affected by the pumped well. Alternatively, the 

Karrsville fault (fig. 2) is a large-scale heterogeneity that is 

hypothesized (Drake and others, 1996) to pass near, but south 

of, the pumped well. Heterogeneous features are not accounted 

for in the homogeneous, anisotropic model and adversely 

affect the accuracy of the results. 

Stream Base Flow

Measurement of stream base flow provides an estimate 

of ground-water discharge from the aquifer system to streams. 

Because ground-water recharge is difficult to measure, it can 

be equated to basin-wide stream base flow minus additions 

(such as sewage-treatment outflows) plus withdrawals or other 

discharges (such as consumptive-use ground-water withdrawals) from the system. Ground-water flow into or out of the 

measured stream basin also must be subtracted or added, 

respectively, when estimating recharge from stream base flow.

Stream base-flow synoptic measurements were conducted 

on Pohatcong Creek, Shabbecong Creek, Brass Castle Creek, 

and nine smaller tributaries on July 13 and August 8, 2000 

(fig. 11). On August 8, discharges ranged from 6.78 to 

20.9 ft3/s on Pohatcong Creek (table 3), 0.28 to 0.92 ft3/s on 

Shabbecong Creek, and 2.13 to 2.81 ft3/s on Brass Castle 

Creek, and 0 to 2.58 ft3/s on other tributaries. No rain had 

fallen for 8 days prior to the July 13 measurement or for 

3 days prior to the August 8 measurement, except for a reportedly brief shower that fell over some parts of the basin on the 

night of August 7. Stream stage at Pohatcong Creek at New 

Village dropped only 0.01 ft during the day on August 8, 

indicating no substantial effect from the overnight shower. The 

same slow decline in stage with no effect from precipitation 

was observed at the nearby continuous gages on the Musconetcong River near Bloomsbury and South Branch Raritan River 

at High Bridge (outside the study area) on August 8. Data from 

both base-flow synoptic surveys indicate that Pohatcong Creek 

was a steadily gaining stream along the measured reaches. 

Brass Castle Creek lost flow to the underlying formations over 

the relatively long reach (compared to other streams in the 

study area) from the crystalline/carbonate rock contact to the 

confluence with Pohatcong Creek. Shabbecong Creek either 

was losing flow (July 13 measurement) or neither had gain 

nor loss (August 8 measurement) from the crystalline/carbonate rock contact to the first measurement point on the section 

within the area underlain by carbonate rock and was gaining 

thereafter. Some of the gain was effluent from the sewagetreatment plant in Washington Borough. Measurements were 

made at an upstream station and a downstream station on three 

tributaries to Pohatcong Creek: tributary 9 was gaining flow 

on both July 13 and August 8, tributary 10 was losing flow 

on July 13 but showed no significant change in flow on 

August 8, and tributary 7 showed no significant change in flow 

on August 8 (no measurement was made at one of the stations 

on tributary 7 on July 13). Flows in several small tributaries to 

Pohatcong Creek are affected by diversions into agricultural 

ponds in their upstream reaches. The ponds typically recharge 

the surficial aquifer and are minor features. 

Discharge data for Pohatcong Creek were normalized by 

square mile of surface drainage basin area above each measuring point (table 3). On August 8, the discharges per square 

mile of basin area above each gaging point were within 

15 percent of each other (from 0.63 to 0.73 ft3/s/mi2), which 

is only twice the estimated measurement error at some sites, 

8 percent. On July 13, the normalized discharges were within 

32 percent of each other; excluding the Tunnel Hill Road site 

(01455135, fig. 11) they were within 13 percent. The increase 

in discharge from the July 13 to the August 8 measurements 

was from 8 to 18 percent, except for the 56 percent increase at 

the Tunnel Hill Road site. This increase indicates substantial 

measurement error at that site.

Pohatcong Creek is underlain by carbonate rocks with 

karst (cave) features; therefore, it is possible that one or 

more springs account for a large percentage of ground-water 

discharge to Pohatcong Creek. The stream base-flow data 

collected in July and August 2000 show that Pohatcong Creek 

steadily gained flow, but the majority of the gain was from 

tributaries in which virtually all flow originated in the crystalline rock areas (valley walls). Therefore, it is concluded that 

no major springs were present under those conditions. Waterlevel data collected during a period of low ground-water levels 

(June 2002, discussed further on in this report) indicate that, in 

all measured locations, surface-water levels were higher than 

ground-water levels in the underlying carbonate-rock aquifer. 

Therefore, it is likely that Pohatcong Creek does not gain flow 

from the carbonate-rock aquifer and probably loses flow to 

the surficial aquifer (which then recharges the carbonate-rock 

aquifer) during periods of low ground-water levels.

Ground- and Surface-Water Withdrawals

There are few sites in the Pohatcong Valley where largescale (greater than 10 million gallons per year (Mgal/yr)) 

ground- or surface-water withdrawals are made. The only 

substantial withdrawals in the valley are from the public supply wells PVMSW01 and PVMSW04 (and PVMSW02 in the 

adjacent Musconetcong Valley), and four wells at industrial 

facilities in Washington Borough (P484, P485, P494, and 

P495). The water withdrawn using wells P484 and P485 is 

used for non-contact cooling, and about 95 percent of the 

14  Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Figure 11. Stream base-flow measurement stations in Pohatcong Creek and selected tributaries, Warren County, N.J., 

July 13 and August 8, 2000.

Hydrology 15

WARREN COUNTY

HUNTERDON COUNTY

Washington Township

Franklin Township

Mus c on e tcong

River

EXPLANATION

0.29

0.29

4.34

6.78

01455180 Pohatcong Creek, upper number is station number,

middle number is July 13 measurement, lower number 

is August 8 measurement, in cubic feet per second

Tributary, upper number is July 13 measurement, lower 

number is August 8 measurement, in cubic feet per 

second. --, no data

Tr bi utary

7

Tributary 10

Tributary 9

0 0.5 1 2 MILES

0 1 0.5 2 3 KILOMETERS

01455200

Shabbecong

Creek

Brass Castle

C er ek

Washington

Borough

75 3’ 75 74 57’

40 

45’

40 

48’

40 

92’

0.21

0.28

0.34

0.48

0.56

0.92

8.97

10.5

11.4

13.0

2.20

2.13

2.31

2.81

0.13

0.18

7.73

8.58

4.34

6.78

0.29

0.29

0.35

0.21

0.0

0.0

19.3

20.9 0.0

0.0

0.27

0.28

0.48

0.39

15.0

17.7

0.21

0.37

0.29

2.33

2.58

0.58

0.60

0.0

0.005

0.07

0.10

01455180

01455155

01455145

01455140

01455135

--

0.57

--

0.39

0.95

--

Pohatcong

Creek
water withdrawn is re-injected into the carbonate-rock aquifer 

through well P483 (table 4). An average of about 2 Mgal/yr 

was withdrawn from well C493 in Washington Borough for 

cooling purposes and from Pohatcong Creek and a pond for 

irrigation of a golf course. Two farmers in the study area have 

surface-water withdrawal permits but did not report any withdrawals from 1997 to 2002. Some irrigation ponds have been 

observed in the valley, but the water quantities withdrawn, 

if any, are not known. Agricultural withdrawal quantities are 

believed to be limited and are considered negligible here. In 

addition to the wells with reported withdrawals, there are hundreds of domestic wells in the valley, primarily located north 

of Washington Borough, along the northern edge of the valley, 

and southwest of the village of Broadway (fig. 1).

Water Levels

Water levels were measured to determine vertical 

gradients, horizontal gradients, and estimate the direction(s) 

of ground-water flow. A ground-water-level synoptic study 

was conducted in June 2001 during which water levels were 

measured in 97 wells (table 5, at end of report). During the 

following year, 28 wells were drilled at the Pohatcong Valley 

Ground Water Contamination Site, and additional previously 

drilled wells were located. A second water-level synoptic 

study was conducted in June 2002 during which water levels 

were measured in 118 wells (table 5). Seventy-seven of the 

synoptic-study wells measured in 2002 are open to the carbonate-rock or crystalline-rock aquifers, 21 are screened in what 

is believed to be the deep surficial deposits (typically more 

closely connected to the underlying carbonate-rock-aquifer 

water levels than shallow surficial deposit ground-water levels 

or surface-water levels), and 20 are screened in the shallow 

surficial deposits. Land-surface altitudes for about 100 of the 

wells were measured with 0.3-ft accuracy or better. Water 

levels were more than a foot deeper in June 2002 than in 

June 2001 in about 85 percent of the wells because of the 

pervasive drought from September 2001 to March 2002. The 

2001 synoptic water-level data are more representative of 

long-term average annual conditions than the 2002 synoptic 

data because of the drought. Interpreted water-level contours 

for the carbonate-rock aquifer in June, 2001 and June, 2002 

are shown in figures 12 and 13, respectively.

In some locations, water levels in the shallow part of 

the surficial aquifer (5–20 ft below first water) are as much as 

63 ft higher than in the deep part of the surficial aquifer (5–

20 ft above the top of bedrock) and underlying carbonate-rock 

Table 3. Stream base flow and stream base flow per square mile of basin area of Pohatcong Creek, Warren County, N.J., measured 

on July 13, 2000, and August 8, 2000.

[Ck, Creek; Rd, Road; nr, near; Rt, Route; ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mi2, square mile; ft3/s/mi2, cubic feet per second per square mile]

Streamflow-gaging station

Station 

identification 

number

Streamflow on 

July 13, 2000 

(ft3/s)

Drainage 

area 

(mi2)

Streamflow 

per square 

mile of 

basin area 

(ft3/s/mi2)

Pohatcong Ck at Tunnel Hill Rd 01455135 4.34 9.20 0.47

Pohatcong Ck at Mine Hill Rd 01455140 7.73 12.5 0.62

Pohatcong Ck at Rt 57 01455145 8.97 14.7 0.61

Pohatcong Ck nr Buttermilk Bridge Rd 01455155 11.4 18.6 0.61

Pohatcong Ck at Broadway 01455180 15.0 27.1 0.55

Pohatcong Ck at New Village 01455200 19.3 33.3 0.58

Streamflow-gaging station 

Station 

identification 

number

Streamflow on 

August 8, 2000 

(ft3/s)

Drainage 

area 

(mi2)

Streamflow 

per square 

mile of 

basin area 

(ft3/s/mi2)

Difference 

between streamflow measured on 

7/13/00 and 8/8/00 

(ft3/s/mi2)

Percent 

increase in 

streamflow 

from 7/13/00 to 

8/8/00

Pohatcong Ck at Tunnel Hill Rd 01455135 6.78 9.20 0.73 2.44 56

Pohatcong Ck at Mine Hill Rd 01455140 8.58 12.5 0.69 0.85 11

Pohatcong Ck at Rt 57 01455145 10.5 14.7 0.72 1.53 17

Pohatcong Ck nr Buttermilk Bridge Rd 01455155 13.0 18.6 0.70 1.60 14

Pohatcong Ck at Broadway 01455180 17.7 27.1 0.64 2.70 18

Pohatcong Ck at New Village 01455200 20.9 33.3 0.63 1.60 8

16  Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Table 4. Ground- and surface-water withdrawals, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J. 

[NJDEP, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; BWA, Bureau of Water Allocation; Mgal/yr, Millions of 

gallons per year; — not available]

Facility type NJDEP BWA 

permit number

NJDEP well 

permit number Local identifier

Average reported annual 

withdrawals, 1997–2002

(Mgal/yr)

Public supply 5053 24-8261 PVMSW01 117

24-12183 PVMSW04 58

24-16653 PVMSW02 133

Industrial 2050P 24-4975, 24-22618 P484, P485 108

-- P483 (Injection well) 1-103

Industrial 10429W 24-22566, 24-31397 P494, P495 15

Commercial 10781W 24-3250 C493 2

Golf course 10705W -- Pohatcong Creek, Pond 1 2

Farm WA0022 -- Pond 0

Farm WA041R -- Pond 0

1

 Negative value indicates water injected into the aquifer.

aquifer. Water-level altitudes in June 2002 in the shallow part 

of the surficial aquifer and surface water were higher than in 

the underlying carbonate-rock aquifer in all locations. Waterlevel altitudes in June 2001 in the carbonate-rock aquifer were 

higher than those in the adjacent Pohatcong Creek in the upper 

part of the valley (northeast of Washington Borough) but were 

lower than surface-water altitudes in the central part of the 

valley. In July 2000, the water-level altitude in one bedrock 

well (PVWCC15) was 0.1 ft higher than in nearby Pohatcong 

Creek, but the altitude was lower than in the nearby creek in 

a second bedrock well (PVFCC12) closer to Washington Borough. The upward and downward water-level gradients measured at different times indicate that it is possible that there is 

an upward vertical gradient from the carbonate-rock aquifer 

to the surficial aquifer and overlying Pohatcong Creek in most 

locations close to the creek during periods of high water-levels 

and a downward gradient in most locations during low waterlevel periods. The average condition is not known, but there 

probably is a slight upward gradient (less than 0.5 ft) directly 

under Pohatcong Creek and a downward gradient elsewhere. 

At the downstream end of the Pohatcong Valley (outside of 

the study area) ground water most likely discharges from the 

carbonate-rock aquifer directly to the Delaware River. Steadily 

gaining flow on Pohatcong Creek in July 2000 at a time when 

water levels in Pohatcong Creek were higher than those in 

the carbonate-rock aquifer near well PVFCC12 indicates that 

some recharge from precipitation flows through the surficial 

aquifer to the creek in addition to recharge that flows vertically down to the carbonate-rock aquifer. Vertical gradient 

varies throughout the valley, apparently as a result of the 

variable nature of the surficial aquifer. In the vicinity of well 

PVMSW01 (see fig. 1 inset), water-level altitudes in the shallow part of the surficial aquifer and Shabbecong Creek were 

about 40 ft higher than in the bedrock. Water-level altitudes in 

June 2002 in wells D437, A3, and D412 (north of Washington 

Borough) were about 2.0, 1.4, and 0.6 ft lower, respectively, 

than in adjacent Pohatcong Creek or well D411 (completed 

in the shallow part of the surficial aquifer close to Pohatcong 

Creek). Farther downstream, in June 2002 water-level altitudes 

in observation wells PVFCC12, PVBMC02, and PVWCC15 

and in domestic well D225 were about 8, 28, 4, and 3 ft 

lower, respectively, than nearby surface-water altitudes. Few 

wells completed in the carbonate-rock aquifer are located in 

transects across- or down-valley; therefore, it is difficult to 

determine the shape of the water-level contours and, thereby, 

determine whether ground water in the carbonate-rock aquifer 

flows directly down-valley (perpendicular to the valley walls) 

or whether a component of flow is toward Pohatcong Creek, 

driven by recharge along the valley walls and (or) discharge 

to the surficial aquifer. The available data indicate that flow in 

the carbonate-rock aquifer is primarily down-valley but that, 

in the vicinity of the border between Washington and Franklin 

Townships, there is more recharge to the carbonate-rock aquifer along the valley walls and, subsequently, a higher gradient, 

and possibly more ground-water flow, towards Pohatcong 

Creek from the valley walls.

Hydrology 17
Figure 12. Water levels in wells completed in the carbonate-rock aquifer and water-level contours, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., June 2001.

18  Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J. 31 57 57 WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP

HUNTERDON COUNTY

WARREN COUNTY

WASHINGTON

BOROUGH

FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP

HARMONY

TOWNSHIP

WHITE TOWNSHIP

MANSFIELD TOWNSHIP

GREENWICH

TOWNSHIP

Musconetcong River

Poha ct ong

C er ek

Brass

Castle Creek

Poha ct o gn er C k e

Shabbecong C er ek

303.43

307.85

300.92

306.38

304.68

307.02

326.21

304.98

308

308.48

309.15

309.66 309.06

309.26

304.82

311.73

313.93

320.70

315.80

453.30

369.18 336.24

349.13

339.11

334.89

435.29

458.73

346.02

368.25

377.90

376.24

389.31

370.25

371.29

372.04

372.14 372.03

544.50

439.67

495.03

414.46 423.84

402.53

412.73

398.44

409.77

410.12

331.25

437.88

418.60

423.33

423.40

425.53 425.79

427.59 508.51

438.67

433.55 445.94

460.40

452.55 468.82470.20

434.38

432.47 480.53

540.98

380.75

300

310

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

420

430

440

450

460

470

420

430 400

410

401.37

370

40o

45'

40

42'

30"

2 MILES 0 1

0 2 KILOMETERS 1

0.5

0.5

340

EXPLANATION

376.1

Approximate extent of carbonate-rock aquifer in the Pohatcong ValleyPohatcong Valley Ground Water Contamination Site boundary 

Water-level contour,dashed where approximate. Datum is NAVD 88Well most likely completed in carbonate rock. Number is water level altitude. Datum is NAVD 88Well most likely completed in crystalline rock. Number is water level altitude. Datum is NAVD 88

539.7

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital line graph files, 1:24,000

75 5' 75 2'30" 75 74° 57'30"

75 5' 75 2'30" 75 74 57'30"

40

45'

40

42'

30"
Figure 13. Water levels in wells completed in the carbonate-rock aquifer and water-level contours, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., June 2002.

Hydrology 19

31

57

57

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP

HUNTERDON COUNTY

WARREN COUNTY

WASHINGTON

BOROUGH

FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP

HARMONY

TOWNSHIP

WHITE TOWNSHIP

MANSFIELD TO

WNSHIP

GREENWICH

TOWNSHIP

Musconetcong

River

Poha ct ong

C er ek

Bras s

Castl e Creek

Poha ct o gn er C k e

Shabbeco n g

C er ek

300

310

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

420

430

440

450

460

410

420

430

420

296.8

302.8

304.5

305.6

300.9

328.7

301.3

306.1

306.0

305.1 306.2

306.8 306.0

347.1

335.6 311.6

316.9

313.0

452.3

356.7

332.9

331.8 365.5

342.2

454.3

429.4

349.5

375.3

366.9

366.1

367.7

367.2

369.2

371.8

386.3

389.5

532.6

447.9

479.8

398.34

412.2

394.7 406.8

410.1

399.2 405.0

395.6

396.5

421.9

421.1 419.6

419.0

413.7411.5

436.8

417.74

429.0

455.9

449.4

464.4

464.6

471.1

391.3

432.5

431.1 344.5

430.3

476.8

430.1

427.3

430.6

539.7

386

370

390

400

2 MILES 0 1

0 2 KILOMETERS 1

0.5

0.5

340

EXPLANATION

347.1

Approximate extent of carbonate-rock aquifer in the Pohatcong ValleyPohatcong Valley Ground Water Contamination Site boundary 

Water-level contour,dashed where approximate. Datum is NAVD 88Well most likely completed in carbonate rock. Number is water level altitude. Datum is NAVD 88Well most likely completed in crystalline rock. Number is water level altitude. Datum is NAVD 88

533.6

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital line graph files, 1:24,000

40 

45’

75 5’ 75 2’30" 75 74 57’30"

40 

42’

30"

75 5’ 75 2’30" 75 74 57’30"

40 

45’

40 

42’

30"
Summary

The chlorinated solvents trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene were detected in Pohatcong Valley in public supply 

wells in Washington Borough and Washington Township, 

Warren County, New Jersey in 1978. Subsequent investigation 

revealed that many domestic wells in Washington and Franklin 

Townships also were contaminated, and in 1989 the Pohatcong Valley Ground Water Contamination Site was added to 

the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National 

Priority List. The remedial investigation by the USEPA and 

CH2M Hill was begun in 1999. The USGS provided technical 

assistance to the USEPA with various hydrogeologic aspects 

of the remedial investigation described here. 

The Pohatcong Valley is underlain by surficial deposits 

and carbonate bedrock and is bordered by crystalline rocks. 

Although five different carbonate formations have been identified within the Pohatcong Valley Ground Water Contamination Site, Warren County, N.J., the formations can be grouped 

together and considered a single carbonate-rock aquifer. The 

surficial deposits overlying the carbonate-rock aquifer receive 

recharge from direct infiltration of precipitation and runoff 

from the crystalline-rock areas. Recharge to the surficial 

deposits flows down into the underlying carbonate-rock aquifer or laterally to Pohatcong Creek and its tributaries. Groundwater flow in the carbonate rocks is primarily down-valley 

towards the Delaware River, although there is discharge to 

Pohatcong Creek under some hydrologic conditions.

The carbonate-rock aquifer in the vicinity of a public supply well in Washington Borough has a transmissivity 

of about 8,600 ft2/d and a storage coefficient of about 

1 × 10-2. Calculated transmissivities in the vicinity of a public 

supply well west of Washington Borough range from 2,500 to 

9,600 ft2/d, and storage coefficients range from 7 × 10-3 to 

6 × 10-2. Analysis of aquifer anisotropy yields an estimated 

maximum transmissivity of 7,600 ft2/d, minimum transmissivity of 3,500 ft2

/d, and ratio of anisotropy of 2.2 to 1. The 

estimated direction of maximum transmissivity is about 58 ̊

east of north.

Stream base-flow data collected during a period of average ground-water levels (July and August 2000) indicate that 

Pohatcong Creek steadily gained flow, but most of the gain 

was from tributaries that originate in the crystalline-rock parts 

of the basin (valley walls). Water-level data collected during a 

period of low ground-water levels (June 2002) indicate that in 

all measured locations surface-water levels were higher than 

in the underlying carbonate-rock aquifer. Therefore, it is likely 

that during periods of low ground-water levels Pohatcong 

Creek does not gain flow from the carbonate-rock aquifer 

and probably loses flow to the surficial aquifer (which then 

recharges the carbonate-rock aquifer).

There are few sites in the Pohatcong Valley where largescale (greater than 10 Mgal/yr) water withdrawals are made. 

Withdrawals are made from two public supply wells and two 

industrial supply wells completed in the carbonate-rock aquifer. About 95 percent of the water withdrawn from the carbonate-rock-aquifer industrial supply wells is injected back into 

the aquifer through a third well. Withdrawals are made from 

two industrial supply wells completed in the crystalline-rock 

aquifer. Average annual withdrawals during 1997–2002 from 

the two public supply wells and four industrial supply wells 

totaled 298 Mgal/yr. In addition to the reported withdrawals, 

water is withdrawn from hundreds of domestic wells in the 

valley, primarily located north of Washington Borough, along 

the northern edge of the valley, and southwest of the village 

of Broadway.

In some parts of the study area water levels in the shallow 

part of the surficial aquifer (5–20 ft below first water) are substantially higher than those in the underlying carbonate-rock 

aquifer. Water levels in the deep part of the surficial aquifer 

(5–20 ft above the top of bedrock) and underlying carbonate-rock aquifer are typically similar, although the gradients 

are typically (but not always) downward. Furthermore, data 

collected in the vicinities of a public supply well in Washington Borough and a public supply well west of Washington 

Borough indicate that the deep part of the surficial aquifer is 

hydraulically well connected to the underlying carbonate-rock 

aquifer at these locations. The shallow part of the surficial 

aquifer, however, is not well connected to the deep part of 

the surficial aquifer and underlying carbonate-rock aquifer at 

these two locations. 

It is likely that in most locations close to Pohatcong 

Creek that there is an upward vertical gradient from the 

carbonate-rock aquifer to the surficial aquifer and the overlying creek during periods of high ground-water levels and a 

downward gradient in most locations during periods of low 

water levels. The average condition is not known, but a slight 

upward gradient probably occurs directly under Pohatcong 

Creek. The overall flow pattern appears to be that recharge 

from precipitation and runoff from the valley walls enters the 

surficial aquifer and flows vertically to the underlying bedrock 

aquifer and horizontally to Pohatcong Creek and its tributaries. 

Flow within the carbonate-rock aquifer is mostly down-valley, but there is a component that flows towards the center 

of the valley from the valley walls and, presumably, upward 

towards Pohatcong Creek in the center of the valley. At the 

down-stream end of the Pohatcong Valley, ground water most 

likely discharges from the carbonate-rock aquifer directly to 

the Delaware River. 

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge USEPA personnel 

John Hansen, Monica Mahar, and Stephen Cipot for assistance 

with project planning and management, and Diana Cutt and 

Robert Alvey for helpful input and discussion on the hydrogeology of the site. CH2M Hill Inc. personnel, including John 

Mason, Murray Rosenberg, Brian Wied, Andrew Judd, and 

Mark Lucas shared water-level data and interpretations, and 

20 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
helpful analyses and discussions of aquifer-test results. USGS 

personnel that provided assistance collecting water-level and 

streamflow data include Donald Storck, Nicholas Smith, 

Anthony Spehar, Eric Best, Robert Rosman, and Pamela 

Jankowski. Ronald Sloto and Donald Rice, USGS, are thanked 

for their helpful technical reviews of the report.

References Cited

CH2M Hill, 2003, Draft remedial investigation report, Pohatcong Valley Groundwater Contamination Site, Washington 

and Franklin Townships, Warren County, New Jersey: 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 4 volumes.

Cooper, H.H., and Jacob, C.E., 1946, A generalized graphical 

method for evaluating formation constants and summarizing well-field history: Transactions, American Geophysical 

Union 27, p. 526–534.

Drake, A.A., Jr., 1967, Geologic map of the Bloomsbury 

quadrangle, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic 

Quadrangle Map GQ-595, scale 1:24,000.

Drake, A.A., Jr., and Lyttle, P.T., 1985, Geologic map of the 

Blairstown quadrangle, Warren County, New Jersey: U.S. 

Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1585, 

scale 1:24,000.

Drake, A.A., Jr., Volkert, R.A., Monteverde, D.H., Herman, 

G.C., Houghton, H.F., Parker, R.A., and Dalton, R.F., 

1996, Bedrock geologic map of northern New Jersey: U.S. 

Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 

I-2540-A, scale 1:100,000.

Drake, A.A., Jr., Volkert, R.A., Monteverde, D.H., and Kastelic, R.L., Jr., 1994, Bedrock geologic map of the Washington quadrangle, Warren, Hunterdon, and Morris Counties, 

New Jersey: U.S. Geologic Survey Geologic Quadrangle 

Map GQ-1741, scale 1:24,000.

Duffield, G.M., 2000, AQTESOLV for Windows user’s guide: 

Reston, Va., Hydrosolv, Inc., 164 p.

ICF-Kaiser, 1997, Pohatcong Valley groundwater contamination site draft investigation report: USEPA Work Assignment Number 003-2L3J, Contract Number 68-W8-0124, 

4 volumes.

Markewicz, F.J., and Dalton, R.F., 1977, Stratigraphy and 

applied geology of the lower Paleozoic carbonates in northwestern New Jersey, in Markewicz, F.J., Dalton, Richard, 

Spink, Walter, Metsger, Robert, and Lucey, Carol, Stratigraphy and applied geology of the lower Paleozoic carbonates 

in northwestern New Jersey, 42nd annual field conference 

of Pennsylvania Geologist, guidebook: Harrisburg, Pa., 

p. 1–37.

Maslia, M.L., and Randolph, R.B., 1987, Methods and computer program documentation for determining anisotropic 

transmissivity tensor components of two-dimensional 

ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply 

Paper 2308, 46 p.

Stanford, S.D., and Ashley, G.M., 1993, Hydrogeology of the 

glacial deposits of New Jersey: an applied field course: Rutgers University Cook College Office of Continuing Professional Education, New Brunswick, N.J., 117 p.

Theis, C.V., 1935, The relation between the lowering of the 

piezometric surface and the rate and duration of discharge 

of a well using groundwater storage: Transactions of the 

American Geophysical Union, no.2, p. 519–524.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2004, National Priorities List (NPL) http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/

index.htm

References Cited  21
Table 1.  Location and well construction information for selected wells, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.—Continued

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NJDEP, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 112SFDF, Stratified drift; 360KTTN, Kittatiny Group, 371ALNN, Allentown Formation; 374LSVL, Leithsville Formation; 400PCMB, Precambrian gneiss; lat, latitude; long, longitude; NAD27, North American Datum of 1927; NAD83, North American Datum of 1983; NGVD29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929; NAVD88, North American Vertical Datum of 1988; M, map; G, Global Positioning System; L, Leveled; D, Differential Global Positioning System; --, no data or not applicable]

Well identification code USGS well number NJDEP permit number USEPA well number Local well number or name Aquifer code Latitude Longitude Lat/Long converted from NAD27 to NAD83 Method used to determine lat/long

A3 410422 24-24483 PV095DW DOM A3 371ALNN 404650.29 0745848.46 --

G

A470 410486 -- -- A470 360KTTN 404410.93 0750314.76 --

G

A472 410482 -- -- A472 360KTTN 404340.77 0750352.40 --

G

A474 410557 -- PVDOM02 PVDOM02 (A474) 371ALNN -- -- --

G

C488 410488 -- -- PS C488 360KTTN 404412.23 0750126.90 --

G

D55 410421 24-24417 -- DOM D55 400PCMB 404648.68 0745813.26 --

G

D57 410419 24-25036 PV088DW DOM D57 371ALNN 404632.52 0745953.34 --

G

D58 410418 24-25892 -- DOM D58 400PCMB 404621.97 0750005.04 --

G

D60 410423 24-25779 -- DOM D60 374LSVL 404656.32 0745746.59 --

G

D70 410420 24-31166 -- DOM D70 374LSVL 404645.87 0745836.27 --

G

D71 410417 24-30778 -- DOM D71 400PCMB 404611.64 0750010.69 --

G

D84 410558 24-19372 PV090DW PV090 (D84) 400PCMB 404600.32 0750031.61 --

G

D206 410397 24-23773 -- DOM D206 371ALNN 404307.4 0750457.19 --

G

D211 410393 24-27055 PV079DW DOM D211 360KTTN 404246.86 0750416.7 --

G

D218 410402 24-28174 -- DOM D218 371ALNN 404321.3 0750419.52 --

G

D225 410394 24-29134 -- DOM D225 360KTTN 404259.4 0750426.52 --

G

D234 410395 24-31780 -- DOM D234 360KTTN 404305.58 0750436.23 --

G

D238 410392 24-33224 -- DOM D238 360KTTN 404241.26 0750414.17 --

G

D242 410396 24-33503 -- DOM D242 371ALNN 404305.84 0750506.31 --

G

D244 410391 24-33589 DOM D244 360KTTN 404237.51 0750433.92 --

G

D246 410398 24-34341 -- DOM D246 360KTTN 404309.25 0750442.78 --

G

D268 410403 24-15310 -- DOM D268 371ALNN 404333.32 0750410.34 --

G

D282 410399 24-09132 PV076DW DOM D282 360KTTN 404313.3 0750428.22 --

G

D298 410401 24-16331 -- DOM D298 371ALNN 404319.01 0750425.58 --

G

D301 410400 24-16735 -- DOM D301 360KTTN 404316.97 0750422.36 --

G

22 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Table 1.  Location and well construction information for selected wells, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.—Continued

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NJDEP, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 112SFDF, Stratified drift; 360KTTN, Kittatiny Group, 371ALNN, Allentown Formation; 374LSVL, Leithsville Formation; 400PCMB, Precambrian gneiss; lat, latitude; long, longitude; NAD27, North American Datum of 1927; NAD83, North American Datum of 1983; NGVD29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929; NAVD88, North American Vertical Datum of 1988; M, map; G, Global Positioning System; L, Leveled; D, Differential Global Positioning System; --, no data or not applicable]

Well identification code USGS well number NJDEP permit number USEPA well number Local well number or name Aquifer code Latitude Longitude Lat/Long converted from NAD27 to NAD83 Method used to determine lat/long

D400 410479 -- -- DOM D400 360KTTN 404307.13 0750505.60 -- G

D403 410484 -- -- DOM D403 112SFDF 404354.01 0750306.20 -- G

D404 410487 -- -- DOM D404 360KTTN 404411.40 0750239.74 -- GD406 410495 -- -- DOM D406 400PCMB 404550.79 0745705.51 -- G

D407 410496 -- -- DOM D407 400PCMB 404624.56 0745720.16 -- G

D409 410499 -- -- DOM D409 400PCMB 404645.92 0745820.31 -- G

D410 410501 -- -- DOM D410 360KTTN 404655.05 0745800.66 -- GD411 410497 -- -- DOM D411 112SFDF 404627.61 0745951.37 -- G

D412 410498 -- -- DOM D412 360KTTN 404629.14 0745952.65 -- GD413 410483 -- -- DOM D413 360KTTN 404349.35 0750336.40 -- G

D414 410485 -- -- DOM D414 360KTTN 404354.28 0750337.97 -- GD415 410490 -- -- DOM D415 400PCMB 404458.88 0750203.66 -- G

D416 410491 -- -- DOM D416 400PCMB 404459.49 0750159.34 -- GD433 410489 -- PV075DW DOM D433 360KTTN 404414.86 0750329.49 -- G

D437 410500 -- -- DOM D437 360KTTN 404652.17 0745819.09 -- G

D443 410543 -- -- DOM D443 112SFDF 404656.31 0745746.58 -- G

MW-42D 410416 24-33257 -- BRASS CASTLE ELEM - MW42D 371ALNN -- -- -- G

MW-42E 410413 24-33258 -- BRASS CASTLE ELEM - MW42E 371ALNN -- -- -- GMW-42F 410415 24-33259 PVMWO05 BRASS CASTLE ELEM - MW42F 371ALNN -- -- -- G

MW-42H 410414 24-33261 PVMWO06 BRASS CASTLE ELEM - MW42H 371ALNN -- -- -- G

MW450 410410 24-21778-0 -- BASF MW450 112SFDF 404517.77 0745825.96 -- G

MW451 410404 24-21776-3 -- BASF MW451 400PCMB 404518.97 0745823.01 -- GMW453 410481 -- -- MW453 360KTTN 404340.59 0750228.18 -- G

MW454 410480 -- -- MW454 360KTTN 404325.31 0750240.22 -- GMW457 410546 24-21779-8 -- BASF MW-457 112SFDF 404517.56 0745823.77 -- G

Table 1 23
Table 1.  Location and well construction information for selected wells, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.—Continued

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NJDEP, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 112SFDF, Stratified drift; 360KTTN, Kittatiny Group, 371ALNN, Allentown Formation; 374LSVL, Leithsville Formation; 400PCMB, Precambrian gneiss; lat, latitude; long, longitude; NAD27, North American Datum of 1927; NAD83, North American Datum of 1983; NGVD29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929; NAVD88, North American Vertical Datum of 1988; M, map; G, Global Positioning System; L, Leveled; D, Differential Global Positioning System; --, no data or not applicable]

Well identification code USGS well number NJDEP permit number USEPA well number Local well number or name Aquifer code Latitude Longitude Lat/Long converted from NAD27 to NAD83 Method used to determine lat/long

MW458 410492 -- -- MW458 MAXON MW-1 112SFDF 404538.22 0745819.24 --

G

MW459 410494 24-38677 -- MW459 MAXON MW-2 112SFDF 404540.31 0745820.00 --

G

MW460 410493 24-38676 -- MW460 MAXON MW-3 112SFDF 404540.15 0745819.65 --

G

MW465 410412 24-28101 -- WASH TWP MW465 112SFDF 404524.36 0750015.06 --

G

MW469 410569 -- -- MW469 WBG 112SFDF -- -- --

M

P483 410406 24-00491 -- AMERICAN CAN P483 INJECTION 374LSVL 404604.41 0745857.03 --

G

P484 410335 24-04975 PVANC02 AMER CAN 1 (3) 374LSVL 404558 745858 Yes

M

P485 410405 24-22618 PVANC01 AMERICAN CAN P485 (5) 374LSVL 404558.22 0745856.26 --

G

P493 410381 24-03250 -- NJ BELL TELEPHONE CO. 371ALNN 404528 745852 Yes

M

P494 410346 24-22566 -- BASF 2 (REPL-1) P494 374LSVL 404522 745819 Yes

M

P495 410411 24-31397 -- BASF 3 P495 400PCMB 404520.44 0745821.14 --

G

PVANC03 410559 24-26014 PVANC03 PVANC03 374LSVL 404603.36 0745857.07 --

G

PVANC05 410560 24-26015 PVANC05 PVANC05 374LSVL 404604.19 0745851.78 --

G

PVANC06 410553 24-25965 PVANC06 PVANC06 374LSVL 404602.64 0745850.12 --

G

PVANC29 410552 24-28992 PVANC29 PVANC29 374LSVL 404559.11 0745858.08 --

G

PVANC30 410551 24-28995 PVANC30 PVANC30 374LSVL 404559.07 0745858.22 --

G

PVBAS01 410505 24-40824 PVBAS01 PVBAS01 400PCMB 404519.69 0745824.37 --

G

PVBAS02 410504 24-40825 PVBAS02 PVBAS02 112SFDF 404519.64 0745824.49 --

G

PVBAS03 410507 24-40826 PVBAS03 PVBAS03 400PCMB 404521.03 0745819.22 --

G

PVBMC01 410527 24-40832 PVBMC01 PVBMC01 371ALNN 404454.58 0750045.60 --

G

PVBMC02 410526 24-40833 PVBMC02 PVBMC02 112SFDF 404454.45 0750045.54 --

G

PVCHU02 410474 24-38708 PVCHU02 PVCHU02 371ALNN 404528.08 0750007.99 --

G

PVFCC12 410472 24-38706 PVFCC12 PVFCC12-MW1 371ALNN 404522.89 0745953.73 --

G

PVFCC13 410473 24-38705 PVFCC13 PVFCC13 371ALNN 404524.22 0745954.42 --

G

PVGPU01 410471 24-38717 PVGPU01 PVGPU01-MW1 374LSVL 404601.38 0745920.86 --

G

24 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Table 1.  Location and well construction information for selected wells, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.—Continued

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NJDEP, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 112SFDF, Stratified drift; 360KTTN, Kittatiny Group, 371ALNN, Allentown Formation; 374LSVL, Leithsville Formation; 400PCMB, Precambrian gneiss; lat, latitude; long, longitude; NAD27, North American Datum of 1927; NAD83, North American Datum of 1983; NGVD29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929; NAVD88, North American Vertical Datum of 1988; M, map; G, Global Positioning System; L, Leveled; D, Differential Global Positioning System; --, no data or not applicable]

Well identification code USGS well number NJDEP permit number USEPA well number Local well number or name Aquifer code Latitude Longitude Lat/Long converted from NAD27 to NAD83 Method used to determine lat/long

PVGSS04 410475 24-38723 PVGSS04 PVGSS04-MW1 374LSVL 404544.78 0745744.71 -- GPVGSS05 410476 24-38722 PVGSS05 PVGSS05-MW1 374LSVL 404545.1 0745744.74 -- G

PVHBR07 410428 24-32678 PVHBR07 PVHBR07 112SFDF 404515.55 0745846.7 -- GPVHBR08 410545 -- PVHBR08 PVHBR08 112SFDF 404515.62 0745845.55 -- G

PVLNL05 410512 24-40805 PVLNL05 PVLNL05 374LSVL 404531.92 0745843.16 -- G

PVLNL06 410513 24-40806 PVLNL06 PVLNL06 112SFDF 404532.04 0745843.21 -- G

PVLNL07 410511 24-40807 PVLNL07 PVLNL07 112SFDF 404531.83 0745843.11 -- GPVMSW01 410282 24-08261 PVMSW01 WASHINGTON 1972 374LSVL 404527 745836 Yes M

PVMSW02 410021 24-16653 PVMSW02 WASHINGTON 5 360KTTN 404519 745735 Yes M

PVMSW04 410316 24-12183 PVMSW04 DALE AVE 4 360KTTN 404530 750006 Yes M

PVMVS06 410514 24-40808 PVMVS06 PVMVS06 112SFDF 404533.93 0745844.15 -- GPVMWO01 410424 24-28052 PVMWO01 PVMWO01 360KTTN 404246.84 0750330.08 -- G

PVMWO02 410429 24-30551 PVMWO02 PVMWO02 374LSVL 404546.48 0745735.75 -- G

PVMWO03 410425 24-28050 PVMWO03 PVMWO03 360KTTN 404248.17 0750321.28 -- GPVMWO04 410430 24-30550 PVMWO04 PVMWO04 374LSVL 404546 0745736 -- G

PVRAB04 410478 24-38711 PVRAB04 PVRAB04-MW1 374LSVL 404626.14 0745845.98 -- GPVRAB05 410477 24-38710 PVRAB05 PVRAB05-MW1 374LSVL 404626.04 0745846.09 -- G

PVSMC01 410544 -- PVSMC01 PVSMC01 112SFDF 404514.47 0745832.73 -- GPVSMC02 410503 24-40816 PVSMC02 PVSMC02 112SFDF 404512.61 0745832.43 -- G

PVSMC03 410502 24-40817 PVSMC03 PVSMC03 112SFDF 404512.58 0745832.26 -- G

PVSTJ01 410515 24-40803 PVSTJ01 PVSTJ01 371ALNN 404544.36 0745932.09 -- G

PVSTJ01A 410516 24-41076 PVSTJ01A PVSTJ01-A 374LSVL 404544.68 0745932.45 -- GPVTVN13 410509 24-40812 PVTVN13 PVTVN13 374LSVL 404521.35 0745829.27 -- G

PVTVN14 410508 24-40813 PVTVN14 PVTVN14 112SFDF 404521.20 0745829.30 -- G

PVTVN15 410506 24-40814 PVTVN15 PVTVN15 112SFDF 404519.82 0745827.58 -- G

Table 1 25
Table 1.  Location and well construction information for selected wells, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.—Continued

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NJDEP, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 112SFDF, Stratified drift; 360KTTN, Kittatiny Group, 371ALNN, Allentown Formation; 374LSVL, Leithsville Formation; 400PCMB, Precambrian gneiss; lat, latitude; long, longitude; NAD27, North American Datum of 1927; NAD83, North American Datum of 1983; NGVD29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929; NAVD88, North American Vertical Datum of 1988; M, map; G, Global Positioning System; L, Leveled; D, Differential Global Positioning System; --, no data or not applicable]

Well identification code USGS well number NJDEP permit number USEPA well number Local well number or name Aquifer code Latitude Longitude Lat/Long converted from NAD27 to NAD83 Method used to determine lat/long

PVTVN16 410510 24-40815 PVTVN16 PVTVN16 400PCMB 404522.39 0745822.93 --

G

PVVAN01 410528 24-40820 PVVAN01 PVVAN01 374LSVL 404605.85 0745851.70 --

G

PVVAN02 410529 24-40821 PVVAN02 PVVAN02 112SFDF 404606.00 0745851.74 --

G

PVVCA05 410536 24-28488 PVVCA05 PVVCA05 360KTTN 404234.27 0750401.52 --

G

PVVCA06 410535 24-30571 PVVCA06 PVVCA06 360KTTN 404230.92 0750408.08 --

G

PVVTC07 410469 24-39141 PVVTC07 PVVTC07-MW1 374LSVL 404549.53 0745853.97 --

G

PVVTC13 410517 24-40800 PVVTC13 PVVTC13 374LSVL 404549.46 0745854.12 --

G

PVVTC14 410518 24-40801 PVVTC14 PVVTC14 112SFDF 404549.52 0745853.88 --

G

PVVTC15 410520 24-40802 PVVTC15 PVVTC15 112SFDF 404550.57 0745858.02 --

G

PVWBG01 410547 24-27713 PVWBG01 PVWBG01 112SFDF 404527.86 0745838.49 --

G

PVWBG02 410549 24-27132 PVWBG02 PVWBG02 112SFDF 404528.26 0745838.17 --

G

PVWBG03 410548 24-27131 PVWBG03 PVWBG03 112SFDF 404527.90 0745840.08 --

G

PVWBG04 410550 24-27133 PVWBG04 PVWBG04 112SFDF 404529.16 0745839.64 --

G

PVWBG11 410467 24-38701 PVWBG11 PVWBG11-MW1 374LSVL 404526.89 0745839.36 --

G

PVWBG12 410468 24-38700 PVWBG12 PVWBG12-MW1 374LSVL 404527.10 0745839.46 --

G

PVWCC14 410462 24-38696 PVWCC14 PVWCC14-MW1 371ALNN 404413.27 0750226.66 --

G

PVWCC15 410463 24-38697 PVWCC15 PVWCC15-MW1 371ALNN 404413.27 0750226.95 --

G

PVWCV05 410464 24-39495 PVWCV05 PVWCV05-MW1 371ALNN 404426.95 0750130.03 --

G

PVWLY07 410470 24-38729 PVWLY07 PVWLY07-MW1 374LSVL 404551.22 0745859.55 --

G

PVWLY08 410524 24-40818 PVWLY08 PVWLY08 374LSVL 404554.55 0745856.40 --

G

PVWLY09 410523 24-40819 PVWLY09 PVWLY09 112SFDF 404554.42 0745856.31 --

G

PVWLY12 410525 24-41617 PVWLY12 PVWLY12 374LSVL 404554.55 0745856.40 --

G

PVWPC13 410465 24-38691 PVWPC13 PVWPC13-MW1 374LSVL 404513.53 0745907.33 --

G

PVWPC14 410466 24-38692 PVWPC14 PVWPC14-MW1 374LSVL 404513.86 0745907.48 --

G

26 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Table 1.  Location and well construction information for selected wells, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.—Continued

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NJDEP, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 112SFDF, Stratified drift; 360KTTN, Kittatiny Group, 371ALNN, Allentown Formation; 374LSVL, Leithsville Formation; 400PCMB, Precambrian gneiss; lat, latitude; long, longitude; NAD27, North American Datum of 1927; NAD83, North American Datum of 1983; NGVD29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929; NAVD88, North American Vertical Datum of 1988; M, map; G, Global Positioning System; L, Leveled; D, Differential Global Positioning System; --, no data or not applicable]

Well 

identification code

Land surface altitude

(feet above NAVD88)

Altitude converted 

from NGVD29 to 

NAVD88

Method used to 

determine altitude

Estimated accuracy 

of altitude

(feet)

Depth of well 

(feet)

Top of open interval 

below land surface 

(feet)

Bottom of open interval 

below land surface 

(feet)

A3 457.55 -- L 0.1 200 67 200A470 398.3 -- D .3 86.6 -- --

A472 386.4 -- D .3 102 -- --A474 406.8 -- L .3 112 55 112

C488 375.4 -- D .3 25 -- --

D55 493 -- M 10 124 102 124

D57 474 -- M 10 248 131 248D58 509 -- M 10 445 60 445

D60 509.7 -- L .1 123 100 123

D70 455.2 -- L .1 165 118.5 165

D71 527 -- M 10 265 161 265D84 545 -- M 10 150 86 150

D206 426.0 -- L .1 172 170 172

D211 367.0 -- L .1 123 121 123D218 406.7 -- L .1 168 148.5 168

D225 326.9 -- L .1 185 159.5 185D234 386.6 -- L .1 305 103.5 305

D238 381.7 -- L .1 205 183.5 205D242 391.9 -- L .1 148 140 148

D244 381.4 -- L .1 205 153.5 205

D246 406.7 -- L .1 165 124.5 165

D268 414.8 -- L 0.1 185 135 185D282 371.2 -- L .1 103 74 103

D298 400.4 -- L .1 166 115 166

D301 404.2 -- L .1 225 168 225

Table 1 27
28 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J. Table 1.  Location and well construction information for selected wells, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.—Continued [USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NJDEP, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 112SFDF, Stratified drift; 360KTTN, Kittatiny Group, 371ALNN, Allentown Formation; 374LSVL, Leithsville Formation; 400PCMB, Precambrian gneiss; lat, latitude; long, longitude; NAD27, North American Datum of 1927; NAD83, North American Datum of 1983; NGVD29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929; NAVD88, North American Vertical Datum of 1988; M, map; G, Global Positioning System; L, Leveled; D, Differential Global Positioning System; --, no data or not applicable] Well identification code Land surface altitude (feet above NAVD88) Altitude converted from NGVD29 to NAVD88 Method used to determine altitude Estimated accuracy of altitude (feet) Depth of well (feet) Top of open interval below land surface (feet) Bottom of open interval below land surface (feet) D400 391.6 --

D .3 145.6 -- --

D403 350.6 --

D .3 32.33 -- --

D404 345.8 --

D .3 47.9 -- --

D406 503 --

M 10 271 -- --

D407 567 --

M 10 175 -- --

D409 493 --

M 10 365 -- --

D410 475 Yes

M 10 68.1 -- --

D411 426.2 --

D .3 15.5 -- --

D412 438.0 --

D .3 107 -- --

D413 395.4 --

D .3 200 -- --

D414 401.2 --

D .3 108.9 -- --

D415 475 --

M 10 85.35 60 85.35

D416 481 --

M 10 82 -- --

D433 469.6 --

D .3 122.3 -- --

D437 458.1 --

D .3 52 -- --

D443 509.7 --

L .3 6 0 6

MW-42D 437.8 --

L .1 75 55 75

MW-42E 436.8 --

L .1 85 65 85

MW-42F 441.8 --

L .1 85 65 85

MW-42H 438.1 --

L .1 98 78 98

MW450 488.64 --

L .1 38 18 38

MW451 494.06 --

L .1 32.5 12.5 32.5

MW453 366.4 --

D .3 95.57 -- --

MW454 387.4 --

D .3 88.67 -- --

MW457 497.55 --

L .1 36.5 24.5 36.5
Table 1.  Location and well construction information for selected wells, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.—Continued

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NJDEP, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 112SFDF, Stratified drift; 360KTTN, Kittatiny Group, 371ALNN, Allentown Formation; 374LSVL, Leithsville Formation; 400PCMB, Precambrian gneiss; lat, latitude; long, longitude; NAD27, North American Datum of 1927; NAD83, North American Datum of 1983; NGVD29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929; NAVD88, North American Vertical Datum of 1988; M, map; G, Global Positioning System; L, Leveled; D, Differential Global Positioning System; --, no data or not applicable]

Well 

identification code

Land surface altitude

(feet above NAVD88)

Altitude converted 

from NGVD29 to 

NAVD88

Method used to 

determine altitude

Estimated accuracy 

of altitude

(feet)

Depth of well 

(feet)

Top of open interval 

below land surface 

(feet)

Bottom of open interval 

below land surface 

(feet)

MW458 459.6 -- D .3 9.2 -- --MW459 465.3 -- D .3 14 -- --

MW460 465.1 -- D .3 22 -- --MW465 447.6 -- L .1 24.5 9.5 24.5

MW469 441 -- M 10 22.4 -- --

P483 543.6 -- L .1 245 93.08 245

P484 542.3 -- L .1 412 156.75 412P485 542.1 -- L .1 383 140 383

P493 469 Yes M 10 154 32 154

P494 494 -- M 10 496 74 496

P495 497 -- M 10 599 103 599PVANC03 540.72 -- L .3 129 119 129

PVANC05 546.0 -- L .3 131 121 131

PVANC06 546.28 -- L .3 136 126 136PVANC29 514.53 -- L .1 101 81 101

PVANC30 514.43 -- L .1 245 220 245PVBAS01 493.20 -- L .1 210 190 210

PVBAS02 493.48 -- L .1 80 70 80PVBAS03 498.93 -- L .1 80 70 80

PVBMC01 381.42 -- L .1 92 72 92

PVBMC02 380.78 -- L .1 43 33 43

PVCHU02 425.71 -- L .01 129 104 129PVFCC12 393.71 -- L .01 155 130 155

PVFCC13 392.74 -- L .01 67.5 57.5 67.5

PVGPU01 514.54 -- L .01 185 160 185

Table 1 29
Table 1.  Location and well construction information for selected wells, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.—Continued

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NJDEP, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 112SFDF, Stratified drift; 360KTTN, Kittatiny Group, 371ALNN, Allentown Formation; 374LSVL, Leithsville Formation; 400PCMB, Precambrian gneiss; lat, latitude; long, longitude; NAD27, North American Datum of 1927; NAD83, North American Datum of 1983; NGVD29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929; NAVD88, North American Vertical Datum of 1988; M, map; G, Global Positioning System; L, Leveled; D, Differential Global Positioning System; --, no data or not applicable]

Well 

identification code

Land surface altitude

(feet above NAVD88)

Altitude converted 

from NGVD29 to 

NAVD88

Method used to 

determine altitude

Estimated accuracy 

of altitude

(feet)

Depth of well 

(feet)

Top of open interval 

below land surface 

(feet)

Bottom of open interval 

below land surface 

(feet)

PVGSS04 501.71 --

L .01 77 67 77

PVGSS05 500.58 --

L .01 123 98 123

PVHBR07 472.11 --

L .01 38 23 38

PVHBR08 476.57 --

L .1 71 61 71

PVLNL05 463.42 --

L .1 145 126 146

PVLNL06 463.65 --

L .1 87 77 87

PVLNL07 463.27 --

L .1 72.3 62.3 72.3

PVMSW01 440.6 --

L .3 345 88 345

PVMSW02 459 Yes

M 10 -- 152 407

PVMSW04 417 --

L .3 184 143 184

PVMVS06 469.19 --

L .1 81 71 81

PVMWO01 419 Yes

M 10 81 61 81

PVMWO02 504 Yes

M 10 77 62 77

PVMWO03 399 Yes

M 10 74 54 74

PVMWO04 504 Yes

M 10 100 85 100

PVRAB04 510.24 --

L .01 121 111 121

PVRAB05 510.76 --

L .01 174 154 174

PVSMC01 486.73 --

L .1 19 -- --

PVSMC02 494.23 --

L .1 95.5 75.5 95.5

PVSMC03 494.21 --

L .1 31 21 31

PVSTJ01 469.44 --

L .1 125.5 105.5 125.5

PVSTJ01A 470.01 --

L .1 260 240 260

PVTVN13 478.30 --

L .1 252 232 252

PVTVN14 478.13 --

L .1 85.5 75.5 85.5

PVTVN15 490.25 --

L .1 71 61 71

30 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Table 1.  Location and well construction information for selected wells, Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.—Continued

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NJDEP, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; USEPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 112SFDF, Stratified drift; 360KTTN, Kittatiny Group, 371ALNN, Allentown Formation; 374LSVL, Leithsville Formation; 400PCMB, Precambrian gneiss; lat, latitude; long, longitude; NAD27, North American Datum of 1927; NAD83, North American Datum of 1983; NGVD29, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929; NAVD88, North American Vertical Datum of 1988; M, map; G, Global Positioning System; L, Leveled; D, Differential Global Positioning System; --, no data or not applicable]

Well 

identification code

Land surface altitude

(feet above NAVD88)

Altitude converted 

from NGVD29 to 

NAVD88

Method used to 

determine altitude

Estimated accuracy 

of altitude

(feet)

Depth of well 

(feet)

Top of open interval 

below land surface 

(feet)

Bottom of open interval 

below land surface 

(feet)

PVTVN16 485.13 -- L .1 100 90 100PVVAN01 558.91 -- L .1 213 193 213

PVVAN02 559.19 -- L .1 145 135 145PVVCA05 350.73 -- L .1 60 22 60

PVVCA06 342 -- L .1 80 58 80

PVVTC07 501.40 -- L .01 15 5 15

PVVTC13 500.75 -- L .1 156 136 156PVVTC14 501.88 -- L .1 93 83 93

PVVTC15 501.37 -- L .1 133 123 133

PVWBG01 443.55 -- L .3 60 50 60

PVWBG02 442.97 -- L .3 20 5 20PVWBG03 444.4 -- L .3 20 5 20

PVWBG04 446.62 -- L .3 23 8 23

PVWBG11 442.77 -- L .01 116 106 116PVWBG12 442.86 -- L .01 169 149 169

PVWCC14 343.21 -- L .01 42 32 42

PVWCC15 343.68 -- L .01 96 71 96

PVWCV05 404.88 -- L .01 145 115 145PVWLY07 500.95 -- L .01 250 225 250

PVWLY08 517.52 -- L .1 242 222 242

PVWLY09 517.61 -- L .1 123 113 123

PVWLY12 517.52 -- L .1 151 136 151PVWPC13 455.30 -- L .01 45 35 45

PVWPC14 453.96 -- L .01 237 217 237

Table 1 31
Table 5.  Water-level measurements in selected wells in Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., June 2001 and June 2002.

—Continued

[Altitude datum is North American Vertical Datum of 1988; --, no data]

Well 

identification code

Landsurface 

altitude 

(feet)

2001 Water-level synoptic study 2002 Water-level synoptic study

Date of 

measurement

Depth to 

water 

(feet below 

measuring 

point)

Height of 

measuring 

point 

(feet above 

land 

surface)

Water-level 

altitude 

(feet)

Date of 

measurement

Depth to 

water 

(feet below 

measuring 

point)

Height of 

measuring 

point 

(feet above 

land 

surface)

Water-level 

altitude 

(feet)

A3 457.55 6/14/2001 20.68 1.85 438.67 6/7/2002 22.57 1.85 436.78

A470 398.30 6/13/2001 29.52 0.40 369.18 6/7/2002 42.04 0.40 356.66

A472 386.40 6/22/2001 73.37 0.90 313.93 7/1/2002 70.60 -4.20 311.60

A474 406.80 6/20/2001 17.49 0.00 389.31 6/10/2002 21.05 0.55 386.30

C488 375.40 6/26/2001 9.05 1.90 368.25 7/1/2002 11.79 1.90 365.51

D55 493.00 6/14/2001 33.95 1.35 460.40 6/10/2002 38.45 1.35 455.90

D57 474.00 6/14/2001 73.93 1.30 401.37 6/10/2002 76.96 1.30 398.34

D58 509.00 6/27/2001 15.07 1.10 495.03 6/10/2002 30.27 1.10 479.83

D60 509.70 6/19/2001 41.10 1.60 470.20 6/13/2002 46.65 1.60 464.65

D70 455.20 6/14/2001 22.95 1.30 433.55 6/10/2002 27.52 1.30 428.98

D71 527.00 6/14/2001 88.83 1.50 439.67 6/7/2002 80.58 1.50 447.92

D84 545.00 6/27/2001 0.50 0.00 544.50 6/12/2002 12.42 0.00 532.58

D206 426.00 6/14/2001 122.32 1.30 304.98 6/11/2002 126.02 1.30 301.28

D211 367.00 6/15/2001 62.92 0.60 304.68 6/11/2002 61.95 0.60 305.65

D218 406.70 6/13/2001 97.96 0.92 309.66 6/6/2002 100.85 0.92 306.77

D225 326.90 6/15/2001 20.88 1.00 307.02 6/6/2002 21.76 1.00 306.14

D234 386.60 6/15/2001 79.37 1.25 308.48 6/7/2002 81.80 1.25 306.05

D238 381.70 6/15/2001 76.22 0.90 306.38 6/11/2002 78.07 0.90 304.53

D242 391.90 6/14/2001 87.78 0.70 304.82 6/6/2002 91.67 0.70 300.93

D244 381.40 6/15/2001 79.67 1.70 303.43 6/6/2002 80.32 1.70 302.78

D246 406.70 6/22/2001 99.60 0.90 308.00 6/11/2002 102.46 0.90 305.14

D268 414.80 6/15/2001 103.87 0.80 311.73 -- -- -- --

D282 371.20 6/15/2001 64.25 2.20 309.15 6/7/2002 67.22 2.20 306.18

D298 400.40 6/14/2001 92.44 1.10 309.06 6/6/2002 95.46 1.10 306.04

D301 404.20 6/15/2001 95.84 0.90 309.26 -- -- -- --

D400 391.60 6/14/2001 66.49 1.10 326.21 6/6/2002 63.96 1.10 328.74

D403 350.60 6/13/2001 13.93 0.92 337.59 6/12/2002 15.70 0.92 335.82

D404 345.80 6/15/2001 10.66 1.10 336.24 6/7/2002 14.04 1.10 332.86

D406 503.00 6/18/2001 22.97 0.50 480.53 6/11/2002 26.75 0.50 476.75

D407 567.00 6/18/2001 26.22 0.20 540.98 6/11/2002 27.53 0.20 539.67

D409 493.00 6/14/2001 49.36 2.30 445.94 --- --- --- ---

D410 476.00 6/14/2001 9.03 1.85 468.82 6/10/2002 13.50 1.85 464.35

D411 426.20 6/14/2001 15.52 2.80 413.48 6/10/2002 16.22 2.80 412.78

D412 438.00 6/14/2001 25.44 1.90 414.46 6/10/2002 27.74 1.90 412.16

D413 395.40 6/27/2001 76.90 2.20 320.70 6/11/2002 80.73 2.20 316.87

32 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Table 5.  Water-level measurements in selected wells in Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., June 2001 and June 2002.

—Continued

[Altitude datum is North American Vertical Datum of 1988; --, no data]

Well 

identification code

Landsurface 

altitude 

(feet)

2001 Water-level synoptic study 2002 Water-level synoptic study

Date of 

measurement

Depth to 

water 

(feet below 

measuring 

point)

Height of 

measuring 

point 

(feet above 

land 

surface)

Water-level 

altitude 

(feet)

Date of 

measurement

Depth to 

water 

(feet below 

measuring 

point)

Height of 

measuring 

point 

(feet above 

land 

surface)

Water-level 

altitude 

(feet)

D414 401.20 6/13/2001 86.20 0.80 315.80 6/7/2002 89.04 0.80 312.96

D415 475.00 6/14/2001 17.02 0.75 458.73 6/7/2002 21.43 0.75 454.32

D416 481.00 6/26/2001 39.29 -6.42 435.29 7/1/2002 45.18 -6.42 429.40

D433 469.60 6/14/2001 17.50 1.20 453.30 6/12/2002 18.48 1.20 452.32

D437 458.10 6/27/2001 6.05 0.50 452.55 6/13/2002 9.23 0.50 449.37

D443 509.70 6/19/2001 6.21 3.70 507.19 6/13/2002 6.00 3.70 507.40

MW-42D 437.80 6/15/2001 65.16 -0.50 372.14 6/10/2002 70.12 -0.50 367.18

MW-42E 436.80 6/15/2001 65.21 -0.30 371.29 6/10/2002 70.42 -0.30 366.08

MW-42F 441.80 6/15/2001 69.37 -0.40 372.03 6/10/2002 74.46 -0.40 366.94

MW-42H 438.10 6/15/2001 65.76 -0.30 372.04 6/10/2002 70.09 -0.30 367.71

MW450 488.64 6/15/2001 17.96 2.20 472.88 6/12/2002 20.72 2.20 470.12

MW451 494.06 6/15/2001 23.28 2.87 473.65 6/12/2002 26.09 2.50 470.47

MW452 492.94 6/15/2001 18.34 2.35 476.93 6/13/2002 23.23 2.00 471.69

MW453 366.40 6/14/2001 28.54 1.25 339.11 6/6/2002 32.03 1.25 335.62

MW454 387.40 6/15/2001 39.62 1.35 349.13 6/11/2002 41.66 1.35 347.09

MW457 497.55 6/15/2001 22.07 2.20 477.68 6/12/2002 27.46 2.00 472.09

MW458 459.60 6/15/2001 7.20 2.80 455.20 6/13/2002 6.55 2.80 455.85

MW459 465.30 6/15/2001 3.86 -0.25 461.19 6/13/2002 0.75 -0.25 464.30

MW460 465.10 6/15/2001 4.30 -0.30 460.50 6/13/2002 5.11 -0.30 459.69

MW465 447.60 6/15/2001 13.96 -0.30 433.34 6/12/2002 13.99 -0.30 433.31

P483 543.60 6/20/2001 35.39 0.30 508.51 7/1/2002 -- -- --

P484 542.30 6/20/2001 113.00 -5.90 423.40 6/12/2002 122.74 -5.90 413.66

P485 542.10 6/20/2001 140.46 -3.20 398.44 6/12/2002 143.23 -3.20 395.67

P494 494.00 6/15/2001 58.12 2.00 437.88 6/12/2002 63.50 2.00 432.50

P495 497.00 6/15/2001 168.20 2.45 331.25 6/12/2002 155.00 2.45 344.45

PVANC03 540.72 6/14/2001 114.93 0.00 425.79 6/12/2002 121.16 0.00 419.56

PVANC05 546.00 6/14/2001 118.41 0.00 427.59 6/12/2002 124.85 0.00 421.15

PVANC06 546.28 6/14/2001 120.75 0.00 425.53 6/12/2002 127.28 0.00 419.00

PVANC29 514.53 6/15/2001 97.21 1.28 418.60 6/12/2002 104.30 1.28 411.51

PVANC30 514.43 6/15/2001 92.85 1.75 423.33 6/12/2002 99.92 1.75 416.26

PVBAS01 493.20 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 62.19 -0.73 430.28

PVBAS02 493.48 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 61.30 -0.38 431.80

PVBAS03 498.93 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 30.09 -0.42 468.42

PVBMC01 381.42 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 33.97 2.07 349.52

PVBMC02 380.78 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 33.73 2.33 349.38

Table 5 33
Table 5.  Water-level measurements in selected wells in Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., June 2001 and June 2002.

—Continued

[Altitude datum is North American Vertical Datum of 1988; --, no data]

Well 

identification code

Landsurface 

altitude 

(feet)

2001 Water-level synoptic study 2002 Water-level synoptic study

Date of 

measurement

Depth to 

water 

(feet below 

measuring 

point)

Height of 

measuring 

point 

(feet above 

land 

surface)

Water-level 

altitude 

(feet)

Date of 

measurement

Depth to 

water 

(feet below 

measuring 

point)

Height of 

measuring 

point 

(feet above 

land 

surface)

Water-level 

altitude 

(feet)

PVCHU02 425.71 6/14/2001 49.12 -0.35 376.24 6/10/2002 53.58 -0.35 371.78

PVFCC12 393.71 6/14/2001 15.51 -0.30 377.90 6/12/2002 18.15 -0.30 375.26

PVFCC13 392.74 6/14/2001 13.72 -0.93 378.09 6/12/2002 16.39 0.00 376.35

PVGPU01 514.54 6/20/2001 111.51 -0.50 402.53 6/12/2002 114.82 -0.50 399.22

PVGSS04 501.71 6/15/2001 67.24 -0.08 434.39 6/12/2002 74.29 -0.08 427.34

PVGSS05 500.58 6/15/2001 65.69 -0.51 434.38 6/12/2002 72.73 -0.51 427.34

PVHBR07 472.11 6/14/2001 18.72 0.00 453.39 6/12/2002 27.44 0.00 444.67

PVHBR08 476.57 6/14/2001 22.99 0.00 453.58 6/12/2002 31.86 0.00 444.71

PVLNL05 463.42 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 66.42 -0.49 396.51

PVLNL06 463.65 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 66.96 -0.31 396.38

PVLNL07 463.27 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 66.53 -0.48 396.26

PVMSW01 440.60 6/14/2001 31.48 1.00 410.12 6/13/2002 55.60 1.00 386.00

PVMSW02 460.00 6/19/2001 67.57 1.00 393.43 6/13/2002 76.10 1.00 384.90

PVMSW04 417.00 6/14/2001 49.95 3.20 370.25 6/13/2002 50.74 2.90 369.16

PVMVS06 469.19 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 72.82 -0.55 395.82

PVMWO01 419.00 6/14/2001 62.14 0.01 356.87 6/12/2002 68.98 0.00 350.02

PVMWO02 504.00 -- -- 1.00 -- 6/12/2002 74.40 1.00 430.60

PVMWO03 399.00 6/14/2001 44.26 0.00 354.74 6/12/2002 53.36 0.00 345.64

PVMWO04 504.00 6/15/2001 72.53 1.00 432.47 6/12/2002 74.92 1.00 430.08

PVRAB04 510.24 6/14/2001 86.36 -0.09 423.79 6/12/2002 92.44 -0.09 417.71

PVRAB05 510.76 6/14/2001 86.55 -0.37 423.84 6/12/2002 92.65 -0.37 417.74

PVSMC01 486.73 6/15/2001 12.85 0.00 473.88 6/12/2002 15.47 0.00 471.26

PVSMC02 494.23 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 22.61 -0.53 471.09

PVSMC03 494.21 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 22.62 -0.46 471.13

PVSTJ01 469.44 -- -- -- -- 6/10/2002 79.82 -0.45 389.17

PVSTJ01A 470.01 -- -- -- -- 6/10/2002 80.36 -0.13 389.52

PVTVN13 478.30 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 46.65 -0.57 431.08

PVTVN14 478.13 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 41.73 -0.25 436.15

PVTVN15 490.25 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 58.15 2.04 434.14

PVTVN16 485.13 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 54.14 -0.33 430.66

PVVAN01 558.91 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 136.74 -0.23 421.94

PVVAN02 559.19 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 136.34 -0.36 422.49

PVVCA05 350.73 6/14/2001 40.05 -2.83 307.85 6/12/2002 -- -- --

PVVCA06 342.00 6/14/2001 41.51 0.43 300.92 6/12/2002 45.61 0.43 296.82

PVVTC07 501.40 6/14/2001 6.17 -0.18 495.05 6/12/2002 5.87 -0.18 495.35

34 Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Table 5.  Water-level measurements in selected wells in Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J., June 2001 and June 2002.

—Continued

[Altitude datum is North American Vertical Datum of 1988; --, no data]

Well 

identification code

Landsurface 

altitude 

(feet)

2001 Water-level synoptic study 2002 Water-level synoptic study

Date of 

measurement

Depth to 

water 

(feet below 

measuring 

point)

Height of 

measuring 

point 

(feet above 

land 

surface)

Water-level 

altitude 

(feet)

Date of 

measurement

Depth to 

water 

(feet below 

measuring 

point)

Height of 

measuring 

point 

(feet above 

land 

surface)

Water-level 

altitude 

(feet)

PVVTC13 500.75 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 105.74 -0.29 394.72

PVVTC14 501.88 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 92.17 -0.55 409.16

PVVTC15 501.37 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 105.66 -0.53 395.18

PVWBG01 443.55 6/14/2001 33.29 -0.25 410.01 6/12/2002 52.44 -0.25 390.86

PVWBG02 442.97 6/14/2001 10.06 -0.20 432.71 6/12/2002 9.66 -0.20 433.11

PVWBG03 444.40 6/14/2001 9.90 -0.70 433.80 6/12/2002 9.67 -0.70 434.03

PVWBG04 446.62 6/14/2001 9.50 -0.30 436.82 6/12/2002 9.57 -0.30 436.75

PVWBG11 442.77 6/14/2001 31.00 -0.75 411.02 6/12/2002 47.49 -0.75 394.53

PVWBG12 442.86 6/14/2001 32.98 -0.11 409.77 6/12/2002 51.44 -0.11 391.31

PVWCC14 343.21 6/14/2001 10.44 2.22 334.99 6/12/2002 13.68 2.22 331.75

PVWCC15 343.68 6/15/2001 11.18 2.39 334.89 6/12/2002 14.29 2.39 331.78

PVWCV05 404.88 6/14/2001 58.41 -0.45 346.02 6/12/2002 62.22 -0.45 342.21

PVWLY07 500.95 6/14/2001 87.55 -0.67 412.73 6/12/2002 93.50 -0.67 406.78

PVWLY08 517.52 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 111.45 -1.03 405.04

PVWLY09 517.61 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 115.07 -0.46 402.08

PVWLY12 517.52 -- -- -- -- 6/12/2002 106.71 -0.68 410.13

PVWPC13 455.30 6/14/2001 31.50 -0.02 423.78 6/12/2002 32.70 -0.02 422.58

PVWPC14 453.96 6/14/2001 28.45 2.51 428.02 6/12/2002 31.45 2.51 425.02

Table 5 35
Appendix

Time-Drawdown or Time-Recovery of Water Levels and Estimates of Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient by the Cooper-Jacob 

(1946) Method or the Theis (1935) Method

36    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    37

1. 10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04

0.

2.

4.

6.

8.

10.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_vanatta_010405\wg1040501.aqt

Date: 04/13/04 Time: 11:46:18

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW01

Test Date: 4/5/01

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 400. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW01 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVWBG01 -174 -15

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 2500. ft2/day S = 0.01
1. 10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_vanatta_010405\wg1040501.aqt

Date: 04/04/04 Time: 23:11:50

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW01

Test Date: 4/5/01

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW01 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVWBBG01 -174 -15

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 2550. ft2/day S = 0.0094

Kz/Kr = 0.5246 b = 400. ft

38    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    39

1. 10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04

0.

1.2

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_vanatta_010405\wbg11.aqt

Date: 04/04/04 Time: 23:41:49

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW01

Test Date: 4-5-01

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 400. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW01 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVWBG11 -241 -113

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 2025. ft2/day S = 0.02512
1. 10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_vanatta_010405\wbg11.aqt

Date: 03/24/04 Time: 15:17:10

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: van

Test Date: 4-5-01

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW01 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVWBG11 -241 -113

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 3000. ft2/day S = 0.014

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 400. ft

40    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    41

1. 10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04

0.

1.2

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_vanatta_010405\wbg12.aqt

Date: 04/04/04 Time: 23:46:06

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW01

Test Date: 4-5-01

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 400. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW01 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVWBG12 -249 -90

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 9100. ft2/day S = 0.012
1. 10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_vanatta_010405\wbg12.aqt

Date: 04/04/04 Time: 23:47:31

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW01

Test Date: 4-5-01

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW01 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVWBG12 -249 -90

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 9100. ft2/day S = 0.012

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 400. ft

42    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    43

10. 100. 1000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.

1.6

3.2

4.8

6.4

8.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_010409\church10409.aqt

Date: 04/13/04 Time: 13:41:33

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 4/9/01

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 500. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVCHU02 -20 -513

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 3050. ft2/day S = 0.055
10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

100.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_010409\church10409.aqt

Date: 04/13/04 Time: 13:43:31

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 4/9/01

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVCHU02 -20 -513

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 3050. ft2/day S = 0.055

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 500. ft

44    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    45

10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.

1.6

3.2

4.8

6.4

8.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_010409\dale010409.aqt

Date: 04/13/04 Time: 13:49:01

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 4/9/01

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 500. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVFCC12 1077 -1037

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 2700. ft2/day S = 0.0155
10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_010409\dale010409.aqt

Date: 04/13/04 Time: 13:47:55

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 4/9/01

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVFCC12 1077 -1037

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 2750. ft2/day S = 0.0165

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 500. ft

46    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    47

10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_010922\CHURCH-9-20.aqt

Date: 04/12/04 Time: 18:34:30

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 9/20/01

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 500. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVCHU02 -19 -513

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 4900. ft2/day S = 0.042
10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_010922\CHURCH-9-20.aqt

Date: 04/12/04 Time: 18:25:29

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 9/20/01

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVCHU02 -19 -513

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 5700. ft2/day S = 0.041

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 500. ft

48    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    49

10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_010922\FCC12-9-20.aqt

Date: 04/12/04 Time: 17:59:32

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 9-20-01

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 500. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVFCC12 1077 -1037

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 1.25E+04 ft2/day S = 0.03
10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_010922\FCC12-9-20.aqt

Date: 04/12/04 Time: 17:46:16

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 9-20-01

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVFCC12 1077 -1037

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 9400. ft2/day S = 0.0405

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 500. ft

50    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    51

10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.

2.

4.

6.

8.

10.

ADJUSTED TIME , IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\DALE-5-24.aqt

Date: 04/12/04 Time: 18:51:22

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 5/24/02

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 500. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVCHU02 -19 -513

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 2500. ft2/day S = 0.029
10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.001

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\DALE-5-24.aqt

Date: 04/12/04 Time: 18:48:42

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 5/24/02

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVCHU02 -19 -513

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 2700. ft2/day S = 0.032

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 500. ft

52    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    53

10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\fcc12.aqt

Date: 03/25/04 Time: 19:26:28

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMS04

Test Date: 5/24/02

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 500. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVFCC12 1077 -1037

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 7100. ft2/day S = 0.02
10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

100.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\fcc12.aqt

Date: 03/25/04 Time: 21:27:53

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMS04

Test Date: 5/24/02

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVFCC12 1077 -1037

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 6700. ft2/day S = 0.026

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 500. ft

54    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    55

10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\MW42H-5-24.aqt

Date: 03/25/04 Time: 17:37:07

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 5/24/02

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 500. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

MW42H (PVMWO06) -980 -174

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 4840. ft2/day S = 0.014
10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\MW42H-5-24.aqt

Date: 03/25/04 Time: 21:31:13

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 5/24/02

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

MW42H (PVMWO06) -980 -174

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 6065. ft2/day S = 0.0119

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 500. ft

56    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    57

10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\MW42F-5-24.aqt

Date: 05/27/04 Time: 13:17:14

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 5/24/02

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 500. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

MW42F (PVMWO05) -1396 -51

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 8000. ft2/day S = 0.024
10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\MW42F-5-24.aqt

Date: 04/04/04 Time: 22:14:58

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 5/24/02

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

MW42F (PVMWO05) -1396 -51

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 9900. ft2/day S = 0.025

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 500. ft

58    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    59

10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\MW42D-5-24.aqt

Date: 03/25/04 Time: 21:05:17

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 500. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 0.0222

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

MW42D -1060 48

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 9600. ft2/day S = 0.025
1. 10. 100. 1000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\MW42D-5-24.aqt

Date: 03/24/04 Time: 17:10:49

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

MW42D -1060 48

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 9900. ft2/day S = 0.031

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 500. ft

60    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    61

10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\STEWART-5-24.aqt

Date: 03/25/04 Time: 20:52:53

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 5/24/02

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 500. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

A474 (PVDOM02) 845 692

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 6000. ft2/day S = 0.025
10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\STEWART-5-24.aqt

Date: 03/25/04 Time: 20:57:14

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 5/24/02

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

A474 (PVDOM02) 845 692

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 4200. ft2/day S = 0.035

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 500. ft

62    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
Appendix    63

10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

0.

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3.

ADJUSTED TIME, IN FEET

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\STJ03-5-24.aqt

Date: 04/04/04 Time: 21:45:24

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 5/24/02

AQUIFER DATA

Saturated Thickness: 500. ft Anisotropy Ratio (Kz/Kr): 1.

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVSTJ01A 2741 1134

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Cooper-Jacob

T = 5000. ft2/day S = 0.0072
10. 100. 1,000. 1.E+04 1.E+05

1.E-04

0.001

0.01

0.1

1.

10.

TIME, IN MINUTES

DISPLACEMENT, IN FEET

WELL TEST ANALYSIS

Data Set: P:\GW-HSP\pohatcong\wells\aqtest_dale_020524\STJ03-5-24.aqt

Date: 04/04/04 Time: 21:46:16

PROJECT INFORMATION

Test Well: PVMSW04

Test Date: 5/24/02

WELL DATA

Pumping Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVMSW04 0 0

Observation Wells

Well Name X (ft) Y (ft)

PVSTJ01A 2741 1134

SOLUTION

Aquifer Model: Confined Solution Method: Theis

T = 10000. ft2/day S = 0.011

Kz/Kr = 1. b = 500. ft

64    Aquifer Properties, Stream Base Flow, Water Use, and Water Levels in the Pohatcong Valley, Warren County, N.J.
For additional information, write to:

Director

U.S. Geological Survey

New Jersey Water Science Center

Mountain View Office Park

810 Bear Tavern Rd., Suite 206

West Trenton, NJ 08628

or visit our Web site at:

http://nj.usgs.gov/
New Jersey—Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5127