1.1 Introduction

Effective Designs for the

Administration of Federal Elections

Section 1: Introduction

June 2007

U.S. Election Assistance Commission
Contents

1 Introduction, 1.1

The role of design in election materials, 1.3

Best practices for the design of election materials, 1.4

High-level recommendations, 1.5

An election offi cial’s viewpoint, 1.6

Methodology, 1.7

How to use this document, 1.8

2 Voter information materials, 2.1

Planning process, 2.4 

Design: one language (English), 2.8

Design: two languages (English/Spanish), 2.32

Samples: two languages (English/Chinese), 2.56

3 Optical scan ballots, 3.1

Planning process, 3.4 

Design: one language, 3.6

Samples: one language, 3.22

Design: two languages, 3.34

Samples: two languages, 3.50

4 Full-face DRE ballots, 4.1

Planning process, 4.4 

Design, 4.6

Samples, 4.22

 

5 Rolling DRE ballots, 5.1

Planning process, 5.4 

Voting process, 5.6

Design templates, 5.22

6 Research report: Nebraska pilot test, 6.1

7 Research report: Nine research events, 7.1

8 Appendix, 8.1

1.2 Introduction
The role of design in election materials

Effective information design—design that is based on usability, clarity, and 

accuracy—is critical to the success of materials and objects whose intent is to 

communicate complicated ideas to the people who use them. As simple 

as highway signs may appear to be, lengthy studies of color, type size and 

arrangement, and materials have been completed to ensure their clarity and ease 

of use. Airport signs rely on similar information design principles to effectively 

communicate to international audiences. The design of an airplane safety 

card is critical; even the design of the nutrition label, now required on all food 

packaging, has helped present complex information clearly and allowed people 

to gain a better understanding of their diet. In these examples, effective 

information design is critical to their success.

Election offi cials, The Election Assistance Commission (EAC) and the Design 

for Democracy team (as contractor to the EAC) share the same objective in 

terms of developing a means for achieving a voting experience that attracts 

citizens to vote; makes the choice of candidates and issues relatively easy; and 

ensures that voters cast their votes with confi dence that they have made the 

right choice and that it has been registered properly. The benefi t of these 

guidelines for the election offi cial is that they draw on professional information 

design experience, research, testing, and evaluation to provide examples of 

approaches that are likely to be most successful. To this extent they complement 

and support the challenges election offi cials face.

1.3 Introduction
1.4 Introduction

Best practices for the design 

of election materials

In 2005, the EAC awarded Design for Democracy (contractor) a research and 

design contract to identify a series of voluntary best practices for voter information 

materials and ballots.

The best practices specifi ed in this document support election reform 

requirements for ballot design and publicly posted voting information—as 

mandated by sections 241(b)(2) and 302(b) of the 2002 Help America Vote Act 

(HAVA). These sections include:

— Ballot designs for elections for Federal offi ce.

— Public posting of sample ballots on Election Day.

— Public posting of election date and hours on Election Day.

— Public posting of voting instructions, including for provisional ballots,

on Election Day.

— Public posting of instructions for fi rst-time voters and mail-in registrants 

on Election Day.

— Public posting of voting rights, including provisional ballot rights, offi cial contacts 

for suspected rights violations, and legislative information on misrepresentation 

and fraud on Election Day.

The best practice samples shown in sections 2 through 5 are based on 2005 

Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG) and Americans with Disabilities Act 

(ADA) guidelines, research fi ndings, and information design principles.

One size does not fi t all when it comes to the electoral process. The U.S. 

Constitution gives the authority to each State to administer elections for its 

citizens. While certain processes may make sense in some States, they may not 

apply in others. The best practice designs recommended in this document offer 

plausible directions for election offi cials interested in prioritizing voter needs with 

consideration for their local administrative and vendor capabilities. 

Compliance with best practice recommendations by election administrators 

is voluntary.

Solutions in this document support voters capable of interacting with traditional 

inputs. Initial recommendations for further study to support specifi c accessibility 

needs are included with design specifi cations.
1.5

High-level recommendations

1 Review best practice materials to gauge their specifi c, local value

Offi cials and their production teams are encouraged to compare these best practice 

prototypes with their local templates to (1) identify the variances between them, 

(2) determine how new practices could be adopted for use, and (3) create a revised 

election design work plan which might include new contributors, production steps, 

timelines, etc. Planning tables are included in sections 2 through 5 for reference in 

developing a revised work plan.

2 Read and work with best practice templates

The design systems specifi ed in this document offer adaptive fl exibility to election 

offi cials interested in incorporating them. All design templates are templates—most 

of the included content is variable (sample ballot data are supplied by the National 

Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST)), while design components are to be 

reviewed as a successfully researched set. While some voter information materials 

may already comply with local requirements, election offi cials should be prepared 

to refi ne and edit templates to accommodate their specifi c needs. All templates are 

available in editable formats for election offi cials and their design and production 

partners at www.eac.gov.

3 Identify election design contributors

Professional designers and writers with simple-language writing skills are ideally 

suited to help election offi cials adapt best practice specifi cations for their use. 

Cultural experts and translators are likewise positioned to offer the best production 

advice for including alternate languages. Election offi cials should recruit these 

resources with deep subject matter knowledge to augment their core team’s 

capabilities.

4 Manage a collaborative workfl ow and production process

As mentioned in recommendation 1, the adoption of ballot and voter information 

design best practices relies on clear communication and successful collaboration 

with all production stakeholders—ballot manufacturers, printers, designers, 

writers, legislators, etc. Advanced planning with each resource to identify all goals, 

constraints, and requirements beforehand will support greater implementation 

success during an election.

Introduction
1.6 Introduction

An election offi cial’s viewpoint

Redesigning election materials is like the fi rst few steps in a 12-step program. 

First, you have to admit you have a problem. Then, you need to ask for help. 

And you need to act on it.

That’s why the best practices contained within this document are so useful. 

The EAC took the guesswork out of how to improve election materials. 

With these design templates elections offi cials can use them easily, including 

modifying language to meet local requirements, and follow good design principles.

John Lindback, Director of Elections, Oregon
1.7

Methodology

To meet the requirements of the project, the development team followed an 

iterative research-design-evaluate process focused on gathering qualitative data 

from three core research audiences (voters, election offi cials, and subject matter 

experts with accessibility and/or election backgrounds) to collect fi ndings, design 

best practice prototypes, and draft specifi cations.

Input from manufacturers of voting technologies was also sought—ultimately, 

collaboration with just one national vendor, Election Systems & Software (ES&S), 

was provided in the context of a 2006 General Election pilot study the contractor 

conducted in Nebraska (see Research report, section 6). Without partnering 

directly with voting manufacturers, best practice recommendations are limited 

to interface design solutions—audio design and physical design solutions, 

specifi cally, are not addressed for audiences requiring them.

Data from the project’s nine formal research events are documented in the section 

7 Research report. In summary, the range of research activities included:

— Observing elections. In 2006, the contract team observed primary elections in two 

New Jersey jurisdictions (rural and urban). They also observed general elections 

in two of Nebraska’s rural counties while pilot testing localized optical scan ballots 

and voter information prototypes.

— Conducting fi eld interviews. Conversations were conducted with election offi cials 

in their work environments when possible. Informal interviews with poll workers 

and election staff at primary and general elections also informed our decisions.

— Consulting experts. Input from a variety of language, literacy, usability, 

accessibility, and production experts representing a range of voter interests was 

collected. Election offi cials with both State and local responsibilities representing 

populations diverse in culture, language, population density, and income were 

interviewed. For production insights, the research team contacted the largest 

domestic manufacturers of commonly used election equipment. Alternate 

language studies addressed usability and readability needs for single- and duallanguage prototypes.

— Reviewing legacy and in-use materials. Ballot examples from the United States 

and overseas were studied to understand how common challenges, particularly 

low-literacy issues, are addressed.

— Conducting usability evaluations. The contract team held 54 usability evaluations 

with voters in seven States using prototype samples in interview settings. Incontext voting feedback revealed how users actually thought and behaved while 

interacting with evaluation materials. 

— Focusing on prevalent voting technologies. Specifi cations for optical scan and 

direct-recording electronic (DRE) ballot formats, and a voter information system 

exceeding minimum HAVA requirements, have been detailed in this report. By 

extension, single-language full-face ballot specifi cations were implemented based 

on optical scan research fi ndings.

 — Soliciting public comments. Drafts of this document were made available to and 

reviewed by an expert panel and the general public. 

Introduction
1.8 Introduction

How to use this document

Samples and templates

The best practice samples for the design of ballots and voter information materials 

can be found in sections 2 through 5. Election offi cials should refer to the table of 

contents for a detailed list. 

Each of these sections contains samples of best practice designs and written 

specifi cations to enable an information designer to recreate them without the use 

of templates, although digital fi les for all samples can be downloaded at www.eac.

gov. These fi les exist in two formats: (1) a noneditable Acrobat PDF format, and (2) 

an Adobe InDesign template that can be updated by an information designer.*

Instructions on how to work with the digital fi les are provided in each section. 

Election offi cials are encouraged to partner with their vendors and production 

team to review the voluntary design recommendations in this document, which 

produce election materials that support HAVA and 2005 Voluntary Voting System 

Guidelines (VVSG).

Research

Detailed research reports can be found in sections 6 and 7. Section 6 details a pilot 

test of the optical scan ballot and voter information materials. Section 7 details the 

usability testing and research supporting the design of all samples. 

*The EAC does not endorse any specifi c product or vendor. The best practices illustrated 

throughout this document do not rely on specifi c software, products, or vendors. For copyright 

reasons, the EAC cannot supply election offi cials with the fonts used in the InDesign fi les. 

They are available from numerous suppliers.
Effective Designs for the

Administration of Federal Elections

Section 2: Voter information materials

June 2007

U.S. Election Assistance Commission

2.1 Voter information
2.2 Voter information

Voter information

This section has three parts: (1) planning process information; (2) illustrations 

of one-language voter information design best practices; and (3) illustrations of 

two-language voter information design best practices. 

Planning

The Planning section (pages 2.4–2.7) outlines how to incorporate resources into 

the voter information development and production process; in what areas those 

resources may be of assistance; and when those activities should occur. Also 

included is a production table listing all the voter information materials by name, 

item ID number, those that are required by the 2002 Help America Vote Act 

(HAVA), estimated costs and production times, and which production methods 

and materials are “greener.”

Design

Best practices are illustrated for both one-language (page 2.8) and twolanguage materials (page 2.32). These samples are accompanied by production 

specifications and discussion notes. 

Electronic versions of these files are available at www.eac.gov, and specifi c 

instructions on how to use the electronic fi les are included on pages 2.8 and 2.32. 

The electronic fi les are available in two formats, one of which can be edited. 

Election offi cials are encouraged to partner with their vendors and production 

partners to review the voluntary design recommendations in this document as 

early as possible in their planning activities.

Voter information audience

This section details solutions for voters able to use standard printed materials. 

Content, written in simple language, supports comprehension by voters at a thirdgrade reading level. 

These best practices support 2005 Voluntary Voter System Guidelines (VVSG) and 

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements for temporary displays.

Important areas of further study include voter information solutions for alternative 

technologies.
2.3 Voter information

Suggestions for best practices

The general election voter information prototypes shown on the following pages 

are based on 2005 Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG), Americans 

with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines, research fi ndings, and information design 

principles. 

— Emphasize voter needs over administrative and vendor requirements. 

— Use simple language for all content. Studies show that clear and concise writing 

is benefi cial to voters of all literacy levels. Rewriting ballot instructions and voter 

information materials using simple language increases usability and, on the voter’s 

behalf, accuracy. 

— Use one language per item. To meet usability standards, display no more than two 

languages simultaneously.

— Use upper- and lowercase sans serif type, set left aligned at the sizes outlined in 

the specifi cations, for readability. Avoid setting text in a centered alignment. Avoid 

setting text in all capital letters. Minimize the number of fonts used. 

— Use color functionally to emphasize important information and processes. The use 

of color cannot be the sole means of conveying information or making distinctions. 

Another non color mode must complement color use, such as contrast, icon, text 

style, etc. (see VVSG).

— When clarifying instructions and processes, use accurate diagrams to describe 

voting technology and equipment. 

— Use instructional icons only. Universally recognized icons such as arrows are 

acceptable and encouraged.

Research findings

Detailed findings that support voter information design best practices can be 

found in section 6 and section 7. 
2.4 Voter information

Planning process

The planning table on the following page outlines additional resources and steps that 

can be taken to ensure that ballot content and design best address voter needs.

Planning goals

These additional resources can help ensure that:

 — Content is easily understood by voters, including those with low vision and literacy 

issues.

 — The visual organization and presentation of the content supports ease of use and 

confi dence in the process.

 — Any necessary translations are accurate and sensitive to cultural differences in 

language and expression.

Planning value by role/resource (page 2.5)

S — imple-language expert ensures that instructions and other ballot content are 

written in the most effective manner to help all voters (not just low-literacy voters) 

understand and follow instructions, and feel confident that they have properly cast 

their ballots.

— Information designer organizes the ballot content—text, graphics, illustrations— 

in a manner that is clear, simple, and functional, and that supports and enhances 

the voter’s comprehension of the content and voting process. (Note: The design 

field is very broad; it is important to work with a designer who has expertise in the 

organization and presentation of complex information.) 

— Usability expert works with the information designer to develop review, testing, 

and revision processes that improve the overall effectiveness, accuracy, and 

usability of materials.

— ensures proper grammatical, Translator syntactic, and structural character of the 

content, and appropriate use of local dialect variations. Accurate translations are 

vital for non-English-speaking voters. Using online translations can be misleading, 

unclear, or simply wrong (for Spanish translations, see the Election Assistance 

Commission (EAC) document “Glossary of Key Election Terminology, EnglishSpanish, 2007”).

— Cultural expert reviews translated material to ensure that translations are accurate 

and culturally relevant, and that their visual presentation is appropriate.

Production planning table (pages 2.6–2.7)

This table provides decision support for the production of voter information 

materials by election offi cials. The complete voter information system has been 

organized vertically by production format (banners, table signs, etc.). Printing 

decisions, running horizontally at top, provide managers with a planning and 

execution framework.

More sustainable, or “green” reproduction options are color-coded ( ). They 

may be more fi nancially advantageous than less sustainable solutions for a given 

jurisdiction. Cost, process, fabrication and production schedules, and storage data 

were provided by vendors and manufacturers.

Production time/cost requirements cited are used as examples. Election offi cials 

will need to request and negotiate actual estimates with their vendors.
2.5 Voter information Planning process

Production steps before election cycle

Resources Planning, design, and usability activities Tips

1. Election

Offi cial

Use the current election to establish a baseline for 

future work. Get voter feedback before starting, 

not just afterward.

Establish an approval process/team. Determine 

who must sign off on improvements at each 

phase.

2. Election

Offi cial

Choose an objective, professional resource to 

take ownership of information design challenges.

Simultaneously hire a designer and a usability 

professional who can offer additional feedback.

Partner with a policy advisor who can help guide 

design improvements through the necessary 

legislative processes.

Whenever possible, hire a local person who will 

be able to meet with offi cials and the extended 

production team (vendors, printers, etc.).

Provide the designer with poll worker training, as 

well as any feedback from voters or poll workers.

Provide the designer with a complete list of current

election documents and legal requirements.

3. Designer and 

Usability Expert

Review and become familiar with election design 

standards and recommendations.

Understand variance between EAC best practices 

and local requirements for poll worker and voter 

materials.

4. Election

Offi cial

Estimate value of design improvements.

Gauge impact of the redesign process during

the next election planning cycle.

Resources during election cycle

Resources Content development activities Tips

Simple-Language 

Expert

Edit fi nal English-language content for low-literacy 

voters.

Translator Translate content for non-English-speaking voters. Understand the translator’s requirements before 

the election: data formats, time line, etc.

Have a third-party expert review the translated 

materials after the initial draft. Legal advisors may 

need to review the materials after simple language 

and design have been incorporated.

Alternative

Language/

Cultural Expert

Review translated content in each alternative 

language for cultural relevancy.

Translation services may not be aware of possible 

cultural sensitivities of translated material.

Designer Election offi cial provides designer with fi nal 

content for different materials, in English and 

other languages, after they have been reviewed by 

simple language and cultural experts.
2.6 Voter information

Paper options

Recommended 

vendor options

PVC-free synthetic paper Offset printer

Ecological banner fabric Digital print vendor

30% postconsumer waste 

recycled text stock Digital print vendor

Vinyl Digital print vendor

PVC-free synthetic paper Offset printer

100% postconsumer waste 

recycled stock Offset printer

Generic card stock Digital print vendor

PVC-free synthetic paper Offset printer

100% postconsumer waste 

recycled text stock In-office color ink jet printer

30% postconsumer waste 

recycled text stock Digital print vendor

Mandate Item File ID# Display method

HAVA Voters’ Bill of Rights 010 Use retractable 

banner stand with 

storage bag

(approx. $95)

or

portable stand 

(approx $60; 

no storage bag)

HAVA General information (voting violations) 020

HAVA Special voting rules 030

HAVA Voting instructions 040

Vote here banner vertical 170

Use banner stand 

or

hang with ties 

(grommets required) Vote here banner horizontal 180

HAVA

Sample ballot (door format) 051 Tape to door

Sample ballot (wall format) 053 Tape to wall

Sample ballot (tabletop format) 052

Stand on tables

(folded cards)

HAVA Voting instructions (tabletop format) 042

Information (tabletop format) 132

Vote by paper ballot (tabletop format) 142

Vote by touchscreen (tabletop format) 152

Return ballot (tabletop format) 162

Voters’ Bill of Rights (binder format) 011 Add to binder

Voting violations and penalties (binder format) 021 Add to binder

Voting instructions (booth format) 041 Tape inside voting

booth

HAVA

Polling place information 060

Precinct identification 070 Tape to door/wall

Vote here 080

Election official stickers 090 Stick on 

poll workers

HAVA Accessible entrance (left directional) 100

Tape to wall

or

hang from edge of 

registration table

HAVA Accessible entrance (right directional) 101

HAVA Restricted entrance 110

No cell phone 120

Information 130

Vote by paper ballot 140

Vote by touchscreen 150

Turn in ballot here 160

Planning process

Table continues across 2.7
2.7 Voter information

Fabrication

time (approx.) Cost (approx.) Longevity Environmental impact Trade-offs

7–14 days

250 qty: $50 per sign 

500 qty: $28 per sign

1,500 qty: $15 per sign

6–12 years if materials 

are stored in sealed 

poster tubes

Paper is 100% recyclable (at specific recycle

facilities), waterproof, long lasting, durable;

clean production and printing

Paper requires offset printing, extra 

drying time, and special inks; sheet size 

is not large enough for the “Vote here” 

banner

5–6 days

$42 per two-language sign 

(larger size)

$22 per English only

$98 per banner

6–12 years if materials 

are stored in sealed 

poster tubes

Eco-friendly printing methods; uses less ink;

material is lightweight and flame-resistant

A second material will be required for 

table cards

2–3 days

$48 per two-language sign 

(larger size)

$24 per English only 

1–2 years Paper comprised of minimum recycled stock; 

printing method is not eco-friendly

Material has short shelf life (will need to 

be reprinted more often, creating more 

waste)

2–3 days

$48 per two-language sign

$24 per English only 

$68 for large banner

6–12 years Material is not eco-friendly Paper offers longevity at the expense of

environmental responsibility

7–14 days

250 qty: $26 per sign 

500 qty: $17 per sign

1,500 qty: $8 per sign

6–12 years if materials 

are stored flat in archival 

boxes

Paper is 100% recyclable (at specific recycle

facilities), waterproof, long lasting, durable;

clean production and printing; tape is easily 

removed

Paper requires offset printing, extra 

drying time, and special inks

7–14 days

250 qty: $11 per sign 

500 qty: $6 per sign

1,500 qty: $3 per sign

3–5 years if materials 

are stored flat in archival 

boxes

100% recycled stock (no new trees cut); 100% 

recyclable

Fiber-based paper may be prone to 

tears and weakness at folds; tape can 

rip paper when removed for storage

2–3 days $4 per folded table card 1–3 years Paper stock has no postconsumer waste fibers Typical mass-market vendor does not

have recycled stock available

7–14 days

250 qty: $16 per sign 

500 qty: $9 per sign

1,500 qty: $5 per sign

6–12 years if materials 

are stored flat in archival 

boxes

Paper is 100% recyclable (at specific recycle

facilities), waterproof, long lasting, durable;

clean production and printing; tape is easily

removed

Paper requires offset printing, extra 

drying time, and special inks

Immediate

$165 per 5,000 sheets/

10 reams of paper =

$0.30 sheet

3–5 years if materials 

are stored flat in archival 

boxes

100% recycled stock (no new trees cut); 100% 

recyclable

Solution is dependent on election 

official’s in-house resources (requires 

special paper), but control over 

production quantities is a plus

2–3 days $0.50 per sheet 1–3 years Paper comprised of minimum recycled stock; 

printing method is not eco-friendly

Material has short shelf life (will need to 

be reprinted more often, creating more 

waste)

Planning process
2.8 Voter information

Design: one language

The samples on pages 2.10–2.31 are for voter information materials. Production 

specifi cations and discussion notes are provided—including typeface, type size, 

leading, line weights, tint fi lls, and distances between elements.

Voter information materials are presented in the following categories:

A Identifi cation 

B Wayfi nding (e.g., directions to accessible entrances)

C Information and Instruction

These categories are offered to help election offi cials understand what is available 

and to help them determine which items and formats best suit their needs. 

Electronic files 

The electronic fi les that were used to create these samples are listed in this 

section’s Overview (pages 2.10–2.11) and with each sample.

The electronic fi les are available at www.eac.gov.

They are provided in two formats: Acrobat (.pdf) and InDesign (.indd).*

Each item has a unique identifi cation number and fi le name. For example, 

the English-language information poster Acrobat fi le is named “130_E_Info.pdf.”

How to work with the samples and electronic fi les

Many of the samples illustrated in this section can be reproduced and used 

without making any text changes to the digital document fi le. They can be printed 

by an offi ce printer with color capabilities, or, for the larger format items, be 

reproduced by a vendor with digital printing capabilities. 

— If there are no changes to an item, download the Acrobat fi le. An Acrobat fi le always 

ends in ”.pdf”. For example, to reproduce the Information poster (item “130_E_Info,” 

page 2.44), download and print out the Acrobat fi le (130_E_Info.pdf) or supply that 

fi le to a vendor with digital printing capabilities. 

Local vendors with digital printing capabilities often include printing fi rms and 

copy and duplicating service shops. “Digital printing capabilities” means they can 

accept a digital fi le and “output” it or print it on an appropriate display material 

(see pages 2.6–2.7). “Digital printing” often means ink jet printing. Even traditional 

“copy shops” often now have digital output capabilities.

— If changes need to be made to an item, download the Indesign fi le. InDesign fi les 

end with “.indd.” Much of the text used in this section’s samples may or may not 

be appropriate for any given jurisdiction and/or the voting equipment. Illustrations 

used in the InDesign fi les may also be modifi ed—the fi le names end in “.eps.”

*The EAC does not endorse any specifi c product or vendor. The best practices illustrated 

throughout this document do not rely on specifi c software, products, or vendors. For copyright 

reasons, the EAC cannot supply election offi cials with the fonts used in the InDesign fi les. 

They are available from numerous suppliers.
2.9 Voter information Design One language

To edit fi les ending with “.indd” or fi les ending in “.eps,” election offi cials will need 

access to Adobe InDesign page layout software and to software that can edit 

.eps fi les (e.g., Adobe Illustrator). Working with a designer who has access 

to—and expertise in—these software programs is recommended.

Alternatively, these items can be recreated in other page layout programs using 

the production specifi cations provided with each sample; the Acrobat .pdf fi les as 

a visual guide; and, if appropriate, the illustration fi les provided (those fi les ending 

in .eps). Using nonlayout programs, such as those commonly used to write 

text-only documents, is not appropriate or recommended. 

Use of color

Many of the samples use the colors “blue” and “red”; in all cases, the CMYK ink 

percentages of these colors are:

Blue: 89% cyan, 43% magenta, 0% yellow, and 0% black.

Red: 0% cyan, 94% magenta, 100% yellow, and 0% black.

Color has been applied to voter information materials to support usability needs—

not for decorative purposes. Replacing blue or red with black does not affect any 

piece’s functional value. Guidance in limiting color quantity (one to two colors) 

and application (mainly in headers, labels, and icons) is intended to maximize its 

effectiveness in the polling place environment. 
2.10 Voter information Design One language

Centro de votación 投票所 Wahl-platz ብዑ໴ Место Полинга Endroit de vote

180_E

Vote here!

Precinct: Ward: 

General Election

Tuesday, November 7

8am – 8pm

060_E

Polling place

070_E

923

Precinct Vote 

here!

080_E

Polling place

061_E

District: 1

Precinct: 2

General Election

Tuesday, 

November 7

8am – 8pm

Election Offi cial

Ask me questions!

180 Vote here banner

080 Vote here poster

070 Precinct ID

160_E

Turn in ballot here

150_E

Vote by touchscreen

Do not use

120_E

No cell phones

100_E

Accessible entrance

130_E

Information

100 and 101 Access

A

060 Polling place ID

061 Polling place ID

090 Poll worker 

ID badges

110 No entry 120 No cell phones

130 Information 140 Vote by paper ballot 150 Vote by touchscreen

160 Return ballot

Overview

101_E

Accessible entrance

Vote by paper ballot

140_E_OpScanAlt

140 Vote by paper ballot

140_E

Vote by paper ballot

110 No entry

Do not enter

110_E

Restricted entrance

140 Vote by paper ballot

B

Identifi cation banner, posters, and name tags

Wayfi nding posters

200 Arrow
2.11 Voter information Design One language

010 Bill of Rights 

011 Bill of Rights binder 

020 Information

021 Information binder

010 Bill of Rights 

Voters’ Bill of Rights

010_E

Before casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

Vote if you are already standing in line when the polls close at 8 pm.

Vote in a polling place free of campaigning.

Get into a polling place if you have physical limits or use a wheelchair.

Vote by provisional ballot if your registration is not found or 

if you have not updated your registration since you recently moved 

or changed your name.

Take up to two hours off from work to vote at the beginning or end 

of the day without losing pay.

While casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

Get help from a poll worker if you cannot read or write, 

if you are blind or disabled.

Ask for ballots, instructions and other voting materials in other 

languages in some counties.

Bring your child under 18 into your voting booth with you.

Get a new ballot if you make a mistake.

Check your votes on paper if you vote by machine.

Have your ballot counted fairly and impartially.

If you feel your rights have been violated, please call the Election 

Protection hotline toll free at 1-866-OUR-VOTE (1-866-687-8683).

For a complete list of your Voters’ Bill of Rights, 

please request it from a poll worker.

011 Bill of Rights binde

e Election 

87-8683).

1 of 4

Voters’ Bill of Rights

011_E

U.S. Department of Justice

Civil Rights Division–Voting Section

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 protects every American against 

racial discrimination in voting. This law also protects the 

voting rights of many people who have limited English skills. 

It stands for the principle that everyone’s vote is equal, and 

that neither race nor language should shut any of us out of the 

political process. The Voting Rights Act made these and other 

discriminatory practices illegal, and gave private citizens the 

right to sue in federal court to stop them. In recent times, courts 

have applied the Act to end race discrimination in the method 

of electing state and local legislative bodies and in the choosing 

of poll offi cials. You can fi nd the Voting Rights Act in the United 

States Code at 42 U.S.C. 1973 to 1973aa-6.

020 Information

General information

First-time voters: how to vote

If you cannot read, or if you need help to mark your ballot because 

of disability, a relative or friend can help you. 

If you know someone who cannot enter the polling station because 

of a disability, tell the poll worker. The ballot may be taken to the 

voter, either to a more convenient place in the building or to the 

voter’s car parked within one block. 

1. Give your name to the poll worker.

2. Sign your name in the register. If you are unable to write, 

 the poll worker can help you make a mark. 

3. Mark your ballots in the polling booth.

4. Fold your ballot so that your marks are not seen. 

5. Put your ballot in the envelope or sleeve so that the poll worker’s 

 initials show. 

6. Return the ballot envelope or sleeve to the poll worker. 

 The poll worker will put the ballot in the ballot box.

Notice to physically disabled voters

 It is a felony to commit an election falsifi cation. That includes:

• Pretending to be a voter,

• Falsely swearing to be a member of a political party,

• Interfering with the polling place,

• Voting more than once each election, and more.

 For a complete list of the Nebraska’s Voting Violations and Penalties, 

please ask a poll worker.

 Smoking is not permitted in the polling place.

Acts of fraud or misrepresentation

020_E

021 Information binder

 and Penalties,

Nebraska Secretary of State’s Offi ce

Chapter 32 Article 15 Voting Violations 

and Penalties

32-1502. Election falsifi cation; penalty.

A person shall be guilty of election falsifi cation if, orally or in 

writing, he or she purposely states a falsehood under oath lawfully 

administered or in a statement made under penalty 

of election falsifi cation

32-1503. Registration of voters; prohibited acts; penalty.

Any person who:

(1) falsely impersonates an elector and registers to vote

(2) knowingly or fraudulently registers in or under any false, 

assumed, or fi ctitious name 

(3) knowingly or fraudulently registers in two election districts, 

(4) fraudulently attempts to remove the name of any registered 

voter in any election precinct to be stricken 

(5) prevents any person having a lawful right to register or 

to be registered 

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021_E

Voting violations 

and penalties

Special voting rules

Rules for voters who registered by mail

Voters who have registered to vote by mail—and never confi rmed their 

identity to a registrar, election commissioner or polling offi cial before— 

must show identifi cation before receiving a ballot. 

You may use any of these documents for identifi cation:

Voting by provisional ballot 

If your name is not on the voter registration list OR 

If you cannot show ID:

After the polls close

Your registration will be confi rmed before the envelope is opened 

and your ballot is counted. 

Beginning 8 days after the election, you may check to see if your ballot 

was counted. Call 1-888-727-0007 or check votercheck.necvr.ne.gov. 

030_E

• A valid Driver’s License or other ID with your photo and name on it 

• Another document that shows your name and address, including 

 a pay check, government check, current utility bill, or any federal, 

 state, or local government document.

 You do not have to show this identifi cation if you are:

• A military or overseas voter 

• Over the age of 65 

• A voter with a disability and are voting in a different location from 

 the one where you are registered. 

1. Fill out a voter registration application. 

2. Fill out and sign the provisional ballot envelope. 

3. Select a PIN number.

4. Place your voted ballots in the envelope.

030 Special Rules

Voting instructions

Record your vote

Before you place your ballot into the ballot box or scanner, double-check 

your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than one person; the number appears 

just below the name of the offi ce. Make sure you do not mark more votes 

than that number. You may choose to vote for fewer, or you can skip 

any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in one race, votes for that race will 

not be counted. The other correct races will be counted.

Fill in the oval completely using the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake, do not cross out or erase. 

Write “VOID” across the ballot and ask your poll worker for a new ballot. 

If you make a mistake:

040_E

a new ballot Voting instructions . 

Record your vote

Before you place your ballot into the ballot box or scanner, 

double-check your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than one person; the number 

appears just below the name of the offi ce. Make sure you 

do not mark more votes than that number. You may choose to 

vote for fewer, or you can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in one race, votes for 

that race will not be counted. The other correct races will be 

counted.

Fill in the oval completely using the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake, do not cross out or erase. Write “VOID” 

across the ballot and ask your poll-worker for a new ballot. 

If you make a mistake:

041_E

Sample 

ballot

051_E

040 Voting instructions

041 Voting instructions

051 Sample ballot ID

Voting instructions

Record your vote

Before you place your ballot into the ballot box or scanner, 

double-check your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than one person; the number 

appears just below the name of the offi ce. Make sure you do not 

mark more votes than that number. You may choose to vote for 

fewer, or you can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in one race, votes for 

that race will not be counted. The other correct races will 

be counted.

Fill in the oval completely using the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake, do not cross out or erase. Write “VOID” 

across the ballot and ask your poll-worker for a new ballot. 

If you make a mistake:

042_E

052 Sample ballot ID

042 Voting 

instructions

Overview

Information

Information

132_E

Turn in ballot here

Turn in ballot here

162_E

Vote by touchscreen

Vote by touchscreen

152_E

Vote by paper ballot

142_E

Vote by paper ballot

B

C

132 Information 142 Vote by paper ballot 152 Vote by touchscreen 162 Turn in ballot

Wayfi nding, tabletop formats

Information and instruction, posters, binder pages, and tabletop formats

052 Sample ballot ID

Sample ballot

Sample ballot

052_E
2.12 Voter information Design One language

A

Centro de votación 投票所 Wahl-platz ብዑ໴ Место Полинга Endroit de vote

180_E

Vote here!

12.5% actual size

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3

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Vote here banner

Exterior banner specifi cations

File: 180_E_BannerHoriz 

Dimensions: 54” x 11”

Title

Type: Univers 75, size 447 pt., tracking -10, 

100% white.

Subtitle

Type: Roman alphabets Univers 55, size 103 pt., 

tracking 0, 45% blue.

Other: Cap height max 1”, 45% blue.

Background

Place fi le: starfi eld.eps

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, 

size 20 pt., tracking 0, 100% white.

Discussion

Banners are for exterior use and may be hung 

horizontally or vertically. 

If printed on weatherproof material, banners should 

last 5–10 years.

Message and graphics connote a positive 

atmosphere. Consistent identifi cation helps polling 

place appear organized and helps to lend credibility to 

voting experience.

Alter translations based on preferred alternate 

languages. 

Clearly visible polling place identifi cation is particularly 

important when districts have been recently revised.

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2.13 Voter information Design One language Vote here poster

Exterior door/window poster specifi cations

File: 080_E_VoteHere

Dimensions: 8.5” x 11”

Title

Type: Univers 75, size 185 pt., leading 165 pt., 

tracking -15, 100% white.

Background

Place fi le: starfi eld.eps. Margin: 0.25”.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, 

size 10 pt., tracking 0, 30% blue.

Discussion

Message and graphics connote a positive 

atmosphere. Consistent identifi cation helps polling 

place appear organized and helps to lend credibility to 

voting experience.

Place signs on or near entryway to room where 

voting takes place and at eye level.

No editing of information necessary. 

Smaller signs reinforce exterior banners. Strategic 

repetition of signs helps guide voters and provide 

assurance. 

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Vote 

here!

080_E

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2.14 Design

Precinct: Ward: 

General Election

Tuesday, November 7

8am – 8pm

060_E

Polling place

Voter information One language Polling place poster

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2

20% actual size

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Polling place identifi cation specifi cations

File: 060_E_PollingPlace

Dimensions: 18” x 24”

Title

Type: Univers 75, size 105 pt., tracking -15, 

100% white.

Title background

100% blue fi ll, 3.375” from top edge.

Information

Type: Univers 75, size 100 pt., leading 

130 pt., tracking -15, Space after paragraph: 0.5“.

100% black.

Precinct/Ward

Type: Univers 55, size 63 pt., tracking 0, 

100% white.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 18 pt., tracking 0, 

30% blue.

Discussion

Posting precinct, hours, and date information is 

required by HAVA. Template can be produced in 

quantity to reduce costs. 

Handwritten information should be legible and of a 

similar size and weight of the printed text. Consider 

printing information via ink jet or laser printer on 

stickers that can then be applied to signs.

For exterior use and should be produced on 

weatherproof material.

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2.15 Voter information Design One language

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Polling place identifi cation— 

door format specifi cations

File: 061_E_PollingPlace_Door

Dimensions: 8.5” x 11”

Title

Type: Univers 75, size 50 pt., tracking -10, 

100% white.

Title background

100% blue fi ll, 2” from top edge,

0.25” margin top and side edges.

Information

Type: Univers 75, size 54 pt., leading 67 pt., 

tracking -10, Space after paragraph: 0.25”. 

100% black.

District/Precinct

Type: Univers 75, 

size 39 pt., leading 46 pt., tracking -10, 

100% black.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 75, size 8 pt., tracking 0, 

30% blue.

Discussion

Posting precinct, hours, and date information is 

required by HAVA.

For interior use; place at eye level (approximately 

1 5 feet above ground).

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Polling place

061_E

District: 1

Precinct: 2

General Election

Tuesday, 

November 7

8am – 8pm

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2

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25% actual size

Polling place poster
2.16 Voter information Design One language

A

070_E

923

Precinct

Precinct identifi cation specifi cations

File: 070_E_Precinct

Actual dimensions: 11” x 8.5”

Title

Type: Univers 75, 

size 80 pt., tracking -15, 100% white.

Precinct number

Type: Univers 65, 

size 425 pt., tracking -30, 100% white.

Background

Place fi le: starfi eld.eps

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 10 pt., tracking 0, 

100% white.

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement.

Precinct can be replaced with applicable

division name. 

This poster can also guide voters when more than 

one precinct is located in the same polling place.

Place near precinct-specifi c poll workers on 

freestanding sign holder. For example, at the 

beginning of a voting line, near the voting booths 

or appropriate ballot box. 

For exterior/interior use; place at eye level.

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25% actual size

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Precinct poster
2.17 Voter information Design One language

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Poll worker identifi cation specifi cations

File: 090_E_Pollworker

Actual dimensions: 8 per 11” x 8.5”

Title

Type: Univers 75, 

size 23 pt., tracking 0, 100% white.

Ask me questions!

Type: Univers 65, 

size 12 pt., tracking 0, 100% black.

Title background

Height: 0.84”, 100% blue

Item ID number

Type: Univers 75, size 8 pt., tracking 0, 

100% black.

Discussion

These may be printed on an offi ce printer using 

commonly available adhesive labels or name badges. 

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Poll worker ID

15% actual size

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3

15% actual size

Election Offi cial

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Ask me questions!

090_E

Election Offi cial

Ask me questions!

detail, 100% of actual size

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2.18 Voter information Design One language 100_E

Accessible entrance

25% actual size

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Accessible entrance

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101_E

Accessible entrance

Accessible entrance specifi cations

Files:

100_E_AccessL

101_E_AccessR

Dimensions: 11” x 17” 

1 Title

Type: Univers 75, 

size 60 pt., tracking -10, 100% white.

2 Title background

100% black fi ll, 3” from top edge,

0.25” margin top and side edges.

3 Icons

7.25” diameter, 100% blue

4 Arrow

2.8” in height, 100% black.

5 Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 10 pt., tracking 0, 30% black.

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement.

Primarily used for older buildings; newer buildings 

should be ADA compliant. 

Place directional signs at main entrance. 

To identify accessible entrance remove arrow or use 

Vote here! poster (File: 080_E_VoteHere).

Place at eye level (approximately 5 feet above 

ground). 
2.19 Voter information Design One language Restrictions

B

Do not enter

110_E

Restricted entrance

Do not use

120_E

No cell phones

Do not enter, No cell phones specifi cations

Files:

110_E_NoEnter

120_E_NoCell

Dimensions: 11” x 17” 

Title

Type: Univers 75, 

size 60 pt., tracking -10, 100% white.

Title background

100% black fi ll, 3” from top edge,

0.25” margin top and side edges.

Icons

7.5” diameter, 100% red

Instructions

Type: Univers 75, 

size 86 pt., tracking -10, 100% black.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 10 pt., tracking 0, 30% black.

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5

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3

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25% actual size

Discussion

The restricted entrance information is required 

(if applicable).

Place at eye level (approximately 5 feet above 

ground). 
2.20 Voter information Design One language 130_E

Information

25% actual size

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Wayfi nding

B

140_E

Vote by paper ballot

Information, Paper ballot specifi cations

Files:

130_E_Info

140_E_OpScan

Dimensions: 11” x 17” 

Title

Type: Univers 75, 

size 60 pt., tracking -10, 100% white.

Title background

100% black fi ll, 3” from top edge,

0.25” margin top and side edges.

Icons

8.5” diameter

Place fi le: OpScan_Oval.eps

Background

100% blue fi ll, 0.25” margin bottom 

and side edges.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 10 pt., tracking 0, 30% black.

5

4

3

2

1

Discussion

Place as close as possible to applicable station or 

desk. Hanging from ceiling or via freestanding sign 

holder may be necessary to provide visibility and 

guide voters through the process. Taping signs to 

table tops or fronts often offers insuffi cient visibility.

For interior use; place at eye level (approximately 

5 feet above ground) or higher.

For optical scan ballots that use an arrow to indicate a 

selection, use the fi le titled 140_E_OpScanAlt.

Vote by paper ballot

140_E_OpScanAlt
2.21 Voter information Design One language Wayfi nding

B

150_E

Vote by touchscreen

160_E

Turn in ballot here

Wayfi nding poster specifi cations

Files:

150_E_Touchscreen

160_E_ReturnBallot

Dimensions: 11” x 17” 

Title

Type: Univers 75, 

size 60 pt., tracking -10, 100% white.

Title background

100% black fi ll, 3” from top edge,

0.25” margin top and side edges.

Icons

8.5” diameter

Place fi les: 

Touchscreen.eps

Return_Ballot.eps

Background

100% blue fi ll, 0.25” margin bottom 

and side edges.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 10 pt., tracking 0, 30% black.

4

3

2

1

Discussion

Place as close as possible to applicable station or 

desk. Hanging from ceiling or via freestanding sign 

holder may be necessary to provide visibility and 

guide voters through the process. Hanging signs from 

tabletops often offers insuffi cient visibility.

For interior use; place at eye level (approximately 

5 feet above ground) or higher.

2

1

4

3

5

25% actual size

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2.22 Design

Information

Information

132_E

Wayfi nding—tabletop specifi cations

Files:

132_E_Info_Tabletop

142_E_OpScan_Tabletop

152_E_Touchscreen_Tabletop

162_E_ReturnBallot_Tabletop

Dimensions: 10” x 8”

Title: Information

Type: Univers 75, size 70 pt., tracking -10, 

100% white.

Title: others

Type: Univers 75, size 53 pt., tracking 0, 

100% white.

Title background

100% blue or 100% red, 2.5” from top edge.

Icons

1.1863” diameter, 0.75” from side.

Place fi les: 

OpScan_Oval.eps

Touchscreen.eps

Return_Ballot.eps

5

4

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2

1

Fold marks

2.75” and 7.75” from top.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 8 pt., tracking 0, 

30% blue or red.

Discussion

Assembly: trim to 8” x 10”, removing white margin. 

Use fold marks to form triangular shape and attach 

tab with tape.

For optical scan ballots that use an arrow to indicate 

a selection, use the fi le titled 142_E_OpScan_

TabletopAlt.

Voter information One language

3

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4

6

5

Wayfi nding

B

Vote by touchscreen

Vote by touchscreen

152_E

Turn in ballot here

Turn in ballot here

162_E

Vote by paper ballot

142_E

Vote by paper ballot

Information

132_E

assembled

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6

27% actual size
2.23 Voter information Design One language Voters’ rights

C

Voters’ Bill of Rights

010_E

Before casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

Vote if you are already standing in line when the polls close at 8 pm.

Vote in a polling place free of campaigning.

Get into a polling place if you have physical limits or use a wheelchair.

Vote by provisional ballot if your registration is not found or 

if you have not updated your registration since you recently moved 

or changed your name.

Take up to two hours off from work to vote at the beginning or end 

of the day without losing pay.

While casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

Get help from a poll worker if you cannot read or write, 

if you are blind or disabled.

Ask for ballots, instructions and other voting materials in other 

languages in some counties.

Bring your child under 18 into your voting booth with you.

Get a new ballot if you make a mistake.

Check your votes on paper if you vote by machine.

Have your ballot counted fairly and impartially.

If you feel your rights have been violated, please call the Election 

Protection hotline toll free at 1-866-OUR-VOTE (1-866-687-8683).

For a complete list of your Voters’ Bill of Rights, 

please request it from a poll worker.

Voters’ Bill of Rights specifi cations

File: 010_E_Rights

Dimensions: 18” x 24”

Title

Type: Univers 75, 

size 86 pt., tracking 0, 100% white.

Title background

100% blue fi ll, 3.375” from top edge.

Icons

0.945” diameter, 0.75” from left edge.

Subhead

Type: Univers 75, 

size 44 pt., leading 55 pt.., tracking -15, 100% blue.

Text

Type: Univers 75, 2.75” from left edge,

size 27 pt., leading 35 pt., tracking -10. Space after 

paragraph: 0.3333”. 100% black and blue.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 18 pt., tracking 0, 30% blue.

1

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Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement.

Place in visible locations—near waiting areas or 

where long lines form.

Voters should read this material before voting. 

Organize information into three to four categories that 

can be highlighted, as shown here, to make sign easy 

to scan from a distance.

For interior use, mount on wall or place on stand.

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State. The 

Voters’ Bill of Rights content in this instance pertains 

specifi cally to Nebraska law. Election offi cials 

will have to download the editable version of this 

template (.indd) to edit the text for consistency with 

the requirements of their State.

20% actual size
2.24 Voter information Design One language General information

C

General information

First-time voters: how to vote

If you cannot read, or if you need help to mark your ballot because 

of disability, a relative or friend can help you. 

If you know someone who cannot enter the polling station because 

of a disability, tell the poll worker. The ballot may be taken to the 

voter, either to a more convenient place in the building or to the 

voter’s car parked within one block. 

1. Give your name to the poll worker.

2. Sign your name in the register. If you are unable to write, 

 the poll worker can help you make a mark. 

3. Mark your ballots in the polling booth.

4. Fold your ballot so that your marks are not seen. 

5. Put your ballot in the envelope or sleeve so that the poll worker’s 

 initials show. 

6. Return the ballot envelope or sleeve to the poll worker. 

 The poll worker will put the ballot in the ballot box.

Notice to physically disabled voters

 It is a felony to commit an election falsifi cation. That includes:

• Pretending to be a voter,

• Falsely swearing to be a member of a political party,

• Interfering with the polling place,

• Voting more than once each election, and more.

 For a complete list of the Nebraska’s Voting Violations and Penalties, 

please ask a poll worker.

 Smoking is not permitted in the polling place.

Acts of fraud or misrepresentation

020_E

Voters’ Bill of Rights specifi cations

File: 020_E_Info

Dimensions: 18” x 24”

Title

Type: Univers 75, 

size 86 pt., tracking 0, 100% white.

Title background

100% blue fi ll, 3.375” from top edge.

Icons

0.945” diameter, 0.75” from left edge.

Subhead

Type: Univers 75, 

size 44 pt., leading 55 pt., tracking -15, 100% blue.

Text

Type: Univers 75, 2.75” from left edge,

size 27 pt., leading 35 pt., tracking -10. Space after 

paragraph: 0.3333”. 100% black and blue.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 18 pt., tracking 0, 30% blue.

1

2

3

4

5

6

20% actual size

1

2

3 4

5

6

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement. 

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State.

Place in visible locations—near waiting areas or 

where long lines form.

Voters should read this material before voting. 

Organize information into three to four categories that 

can be highlighted, as shown here, to make sign easy 

to scan from a distance.

For interior use; mount on wall or place on stand.
2.25 Voter information Design One language Special voting rules

C

Special voting rules

Rules for voters who registered by mail

Voters who have registered to vote by mail—and never confi rmed their 

identity to a registrar, election commissioner or polling offi cial before— 

must show identifi cation before receiving a ballot. 

You may use any of these documents for identifi cation:

Voting by provisional ballot 

If your name is not on the voter registration list OR 

If you cannot show ID:

After the polls close

Your registration will be confi rmed before the envelope is opened 

and your ballot is counted. 

Beginning 8 days after the election, you may check to see if your ballot 

was counted. Call 1-888-727-0007 or check votercheck.necvr.ne.gov. 

030_E

• A valid Driver’s License or other ID with your photo and name on it 

• Another document that shows your name and address, including 

 a pay check, government check, current utility bill, or any federal, 

 state, or local government document.

 You do not have to show this identifi cation if you are:

• A military or overseas voter 

• Over the age of 65 

• A voter with a disability and are voting in a different location from 

 the one where you are registered. 

1. Fill out a voter registration application. 

2. Fill out and sign the provisional ballot envelope. 

3. Select a PIN number.

4. Place your voted ballots in the envelope.

Voters’ Bill of Rights specifi cations

File: 030_E_SpecialRules

Dimensions: 18” x 24”

Title

Type: Univers 75, 

size 86 pt., tracking 0, 100% white.

Title background

100% blue fi ll, 3.375” from top edge.

Icons

0.945” diameter, 0.75” from left edge.

Subhead

Type: Univers 75, 

size 44 pt., leading 55 pt., tracking -15, 100% blue.

Text

Type: Univers 75, 2.75” from left edge,

size 27 pt., leading 35 pt., tracking -10. Space after 

paragraph: 0.3333”. 100% black and blue.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 18 pt., tracking 0, 30% blue.

1

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3

4

5

6

20% actual size

1

2

3 4

5

6

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement. 

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State.

Place in visible locations—near waiting areas or 

where long lines form.

Voters should read this material before voting. 

Organize information into three to four categories that 

can be highlighted, as shown here, to make sign easy 

to scan from a distance.

For interior use; mount on wall or place on stand.
2.26 Voter information Design One language

1 of 4

Voters’ Bill of Rights

011_E

U.S. Department of Justice

Civil Rights Division–Voting Section

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 protects every American against 

racial discrimination in voting. This law also protects the 

voting rights of many people who have limited English skills. 

It stands for the principle that everyone’s vote is equal, and 

that neither race nor language should shut any of us out of the 

political process. The Voting Rights Act made these and other 

discriminatory practices illegal, and gave private citizens the 

right to sue in federal court to stop them. In recent times, courts 

have applied the Act to end race discrimination in the method 

of electing state and local legislative bodies and in the choosing 

of poll offi cials. You can fi nd the Voting Rights Act in the United 

States Code at 42 U.S.C. 1973 to 1973aa-6.

42% actual size

Voters’ Bill of Rights—binder format 

specifi cations

File: 011_E_Rights_Binder

Dimensions: 8.5” x 11”

Title

Type: Univers 75, 

size 42 pt., tracking -10, 100% white.

Title background

100% black fi ll, 2.25” from top edge,

0.25” margin all edges.

State seal

1” diameter, 1” from left edge.

Subhead

Type: Univers 75, 

size 20 pt., leading 23 pt., tracking -10, 100% black.

Text

Type: Univers 55, 

size 16 pt., leading 23 pt., tracking -10, 100% black.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, 

size 8 pt., tracking 0, 30% black.

Discussion

Assembly: three-hole punch and put in standard 

three-ring binder.

This format is a full-text version of the poster format 

(page 2.23).

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State. The 

Voters’ Bill of Rights content in this instance pertains 

specifi cally to Nebraska law. Election offi cials 

will have to download the editable version of this 

template (.indd) to edit the text for consistency with 

the requirements of their State.

Binders are suggested to display the full text of legally 

required State information that is not easily contained 

or read in a wall display format by voters (such as 

voters’ rights information). Binders can also be 

used to display other redundant information already 

posted in the polling environment, such as voting 

instructions.

1

2

3

4

5

6

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2

3

4

5

6

Voters’ rights binder

C
2.27 Voter information Design One language

Nebraska Secretary of State’s Offi ce

Chapter 32 Article 15 Voting Violations 

and Penalties

32-1502. Election falsifi cation; penalty.

A person shall be guilty of election falsifi cation if, orally or in 

writing, he or she purposely states a falsehood under oath lawfully 

administered or in a statement made under penalty 

of election falsifi cation

32-1503. Registration of voters; prohibited acts; penalty.

Any person who:

(1) falsely impersonates an elector and registers to vote

(2) knowingly or fraudulently registers in or under any false, 

assumed, or fi ctitious name 

(3) knowingly or fraudulently registers in two election districts, 

(4) fraudulently attempts to remove the name of any registered 

voter in any election precinct to be stricken 

(5) prevents any person having a lawful right to register or 

to be registered 

1 of 4

021_E

Voting violations 

and penalties

42% actual size

Special rules binder

C

General information—binder format 

specifi cations

File: 021_E_Info_Binder

Dimensions: 8.5” x 11”

Title

Type: Univers 75, size 42 pt., leading 54 pt.,

tracking -10, 100% white.

Title background

100% black fi ll, 2.25” from top edge,

0.25” margin all edges.

State seal

1” diameter, 1” from left edge.

Subhead

Type: Univers 75, 

size 20 pt., leading 23 pt., tracking -10, 100% black.

Text

Type: Univers 75 and 55, 

size 16 pt., leading 23 pt., tracking -10, 100% black.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, 

size 8 pt., tracking 0, 30% black

Discussion

Assembly: three-hole punch and put in standard 

three-ring binder.

This format is a full-text version of the poster format 

(page 2.24).

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State. The 

content in this instance pertains specifi cally to 

Nebraska law. Election offi cials will have to download 

the editable version of this template (.indd) to edit the 

text for consistency with the requirements of their 

State.

Binders are suggested to display the full text of legally 

required State information that is not easily contained 

or read in a wall display format by voters (such as 

voters’ rights information). Binders can also be 

used to display other redundant information already 

posted in the polling environment, such as voting 

instructions.

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6
2.28 Voter information Design One language

Voting instructions

Record your vote

Before you place your ballot into the ballot box or scanner, double-check 

your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than one person; the number appears 

just below the name of the offi ce. Make sure you do not mark more votes 

than that number. You may choose to vote for fewer, or you can skip 

any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in one race, votes for that race will 

not be counted. The other correct races will be counted.

Fill in the oval completely using the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake, do not cross out or erase. 

Write “VOID” across the ballot and ask your poll worker for a new ballot. 

If you make a mistake:

040_E

Voting Instructions poster specifi cations

File: 040_E_Instructions

Dimensions: 18” x 24”

Title

Type: 86 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, 100% white.

Title background

100% red fi ll, 3.375” from top edge.

Icons

0.945” diameter, 0.75” from left edge.

Subhead

Type: Univers 75, size 44 pt., leading 55 pt., 

tracking -10, 100% red.

Text

2.75” from left edge

Type: 27 pt. Univers 75, leading 35 pt., tracking -10. 

Space after paragraph: 0.3333”. 100% black.

Item ID number

Type: 18 pt Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% red.

Illustrations

Place fi le: OpScan_Oval.eps

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement. 

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State.

For interior use; mount on wall or prop on stand and

post near waiting area or where long lines may form.

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State and 

should be based on ballot type being used.

This poster is also available in an 8.5” x 11” format, 

see fi le: 041_E_Instructions_Booth.

1

2

3

4

5

6

25% actual size

1

2

3

4

5

6

Voting instructions

C

7

7

Voting instructions

Record your vote

Before you place your ballot into the ballot box or scanner, 

double-check your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than one person; the number 

appears just below the name of the offi ce. Make sure you 

do not mark more votes than that number. You may choose to 

vote for fewer, or you can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in one race, votes for 

that race will not be counted. The other correct races will be 

counted.

Fill in the oval completely using the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake, do not cross out or erase. Write “VOID” 

across the ballot and ask your poll-worker for a new ballot. 

If you make a mistake:

041_E
2.29 Voter information Design One language

Voting instructions

Record your vote

Before you place your ballot into the ballot box or scanner, 

double-check your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than one person; the number 

appears just below the name of the offi ce. Make sure you do not 

mark more votes than that number. You may choose to vote for 

fewer, or you can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in one race, votes for 

that race will not be counted. The other correct races will 

be counted.

Fill in the oval completely using the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake, do not cross out or erase. Write “VOID” 

across the ballot and ask your poll-worker for a new ballot. 

If you make a mistake:

042_E

Voting instructions

Record your vote

Before you place your ballot into the ballot box or scanner, 

double-check your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than one person; the number 

 ce. Make sure you do not appears just below the name of the offi

mark more votes than that number. You may choose to vote for 

fewer, or you can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in one race, votes for 

that race will not be counted. The other correct races will 

be counted.

Fill in the oval completely using the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake, do not cross out or erase. Write “VOID” 

across the ballot and ask your poll-worker for a new ballot. 

If you make a mistake:

41% actual size

Voting instructions

C

Voting Instructions—tabletop 

specifi cations

File: 042_E_Instructions

Dimensions: 6” x 19.5”

Title

Type: 31 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, 100% white.

Title background

100% red fi ll, 1.28” from top edge.

Icons

0.3” diameter, 0.25” from left edge.

Subhead

0.75” from left edge 

Type: Univers 75, size 17 pt., tracking -15, 

100% red.

Text

0.75” from left edge

Type: 11 pt. Univers 75, leading 15 pt., tracking -10, 

Space after paragraph: 0.125”. 100% black.

Item ID number

Type: 8 pt Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% red.

Illustrations

Place fi le: OpScan_Oval.eps

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement. 

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State.

For interior tabletop use.

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State and 

should be based on ballot type being used.

Assembly: trim to 6” x 15.5”. Use fold marks to 

form triangular shape and attach tab with tape. 

1

2

3

4

5

Voting instructions

Record your vote

Before you place your ballot into the ballot box or scanner, 

double-check your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than one person; the number 

appears just below the name of the offi ce. Make sure you do not 

mark more votes than that number. You may choose to vote for 

fewer, or you can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in one race, votes for 

that race will not be counted. The other correct races will 

be counted.

Fill in the oval completely using the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake, do not cross out or erase. Write “VOID” 

across the ballot and ask your poll-worker for a new ballot. 

If you make a mistake:

042_E

assembled

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7

6

7
2.30 Voter information Design One language

Sample 

ballot

051_E

42% actual size

Sample ballot

C

Sample ballot poster specifi cations

File: 051_E_Sample_Door

Dimensions: 8.5” x 11”

Title

Type: Univers 75, size 150 pt., tracking -10, 

leading 160 pt., 100% white. 1.4” from left edge 

and 1.875” from top edge.

Background

100% red fi ll, 0.25” from edges.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, 

size 10 pt., tracking 0, 30% red.

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement.

Use poster to draw attention to actual sample ballots. 

No editing of information necessary. 1

2

3

1

3 2
2.31 Voter information Design One language

Sample ballot

Sample ballot

052_E

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement. 

Use tabletop sign to draw attention to actual sample 

ballots. 

No editing of information necessary. 

Assembly: trim to 8” x 10”, removing white margin. 

Use fold marks to form triangular shape and attach 

tab with tape.

Sample ballot

C

46% actual size

Sample ballot

052_E

assembled

Sample ballot—tabletop specifi cations

File: 052_E_Sample_Tabletop

Dimensions: 8.5” x 11”

Title

Type: Univers 75, size 70 pt., tracking -10, 

100% white.

Background

100% red fi ll, 5” high.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, 

size 8 pt., tracking 0, 30% red.

1

2

3

1

2

3
2.32 Voter information

Design: two languages

The samples on pages 2.34–2.55 are for voter information materials. Production 

specifi cations and discussion notes are provided—including typeface, type size, 

leading, line weights, tint fi lls, and distances between elements.

Voter information materials are presented in the following categories:

A Identifi cation 

B Wayfi nding (e.g., directions to accessible entrances)

C Information and Instruction

These categories are offered to help election offi cials understand what is available 

and to help them determine which items and formats best suit their needs. 

Electronic files 

The electronic fi les that were used to create these samples are listed in this 

section’s Overview (pages 2.34–2.35) and with each sample.

The electronic fi les are available at www.eac.gov.

They are provided in two formats: Acrobat (.pdf) and InDesign (.indd).*

Each item has a unique identifi cation number and fi le name. For example, 

the English/Spanish-language information poster Acrobat fi le is named

“130_ES_Info.pdf.”

How to work with the samples and electronic fi les

Many of the samples illustrated in this section can be reproduced and used 

without making any text changes to the digital document fi le. They can be printed 

by an offi ce printer with color capabilities, or, for the larger format items, be 

reproduced by a vendor with digital printing capabilities. 

— If there are no changes to an item, download the Acrobat fi le. An Acrobat fi le always 

ends in ”.pdf.” For example, if you want to reproduce the Information poster (item 

“130_ES_Info,” page 2.44), download and print out the Acrobat fi le (130_ES_Info.

pdf) or supply that fi le to a vendor with digital printing capabilities. 

Local vendors with digital printing capabilities often include printing fi rms and 

copy and duplicating service shops. “Digital printing capabilities” means they can 

accept a digital fi le and “output” it or print it on an appropriate display material 

(see pages 2.6–2.7). “Digital printing” often means ink jet printing. Even traditional 

“copy shops” often now have digital output capabilities.

— If changes need be made to an item, download the Indesign fi le. InDesign fi les 

end with “.indd.” Much of the text used in this section’s samples may or may 

not be appropriate for your jurisdiction and/or the voting equipment. To edit text 

or illustrations and prepare fi les for reproduction, there are additional steps that 

must occur before the materials are ready for reproduction. Illustrations used in the 

InDesign fi les are also available. These fi les end with “.eps.”

*The EAC does not endorse any specifi c product or vendor. The best practices illustrated 

throughout this document do not rely on specifi c software, products, or vendors. For copyright 

reasons, the EAC cannot supply election offi cials with the fonts used in the InDesign fi les. 

They are available from numerous suppliers.
2.33 Voter information Design Two languages

To edit fi les ending with “.indd” or fi les ending in “.eps,” election offi cials will need 

access to Adobe InDesign page layout software and to software that can edit .eps 

fi les (e.g., Adobe Illustrator). Working with a designer who has access to—and 

expertise in—these software programs is recommended.

Alternatively, these items can be recreated in other page layout programs using 

the production specifi cations provided with each sample; the Acrobat .pdf fi les as 

a visual guide; and, if appropriate, the illustration fi les provided (those fi les ending 

in .eps). Using nonlayout programs, such as those commonly used to write 

text-only documents, is not appropriate or recommended. 

Use of color

Many of the samples use the colors “blue” and “red”; in all cases, the CMYK ink 

percentages of these colors are:

Blue: 89% cyan, 43% magenta, 0% yellow, and 0% black.

Red: 0% cyan, 94% magenta, 100% yellow, and 0% black.

Color has been applied to voter information materials to support usability needs—

not for decorative purposes. Replacing blue or red with black does not affect any 

piece’s functional value. Guidance in limiting color quantity (one to two colors) 

and application (mainly in headers, labels, and icons) is intended to maximize its 

effectiveness in the polling place environment. 
2.34 Voter information

vote aquí

vote here

180_ES

Polling place

Centro de votación

Precinct: 

Circunscripción electoral

Ward: 

Distrito

General Election 8am–8pm

Elección General

Tuesday

Martes 

November 7 

7 de noviembre

060_ES

923

Precinct

Circunscripción

070_ES

vote here

vote aquí

080_ES

061_ES

District: 1

Distrito

Precinct: 2

Circunscripción electoral

Polling place

Centro de votación

General Election

Elección General

Tuesday

Martes 

November 7 

7 de noviembre

Election Offi cial

Funcionario Electoral

Ask me questions!

180 Vote here banner

080 Vote here poster

070 Precinct ID

160_ES

Turn in ballot here

Entregue su papeleta aquí

150_ES

Vote by touchscreen

Votar con pantalla táctil

Do not use

No usar

120_ES

No cell phones

No usar teléfonos celulares

100_ES

Accessible entrance

Entrada accesible

130_ES

Information

Información

100 and 101 Access

A

060 Polling place ID

061 Polling place ID

090 Poll worker 

name tags

110 No entry 120 No cell phones

130 Information 140 Vote by paper ballot 150 Vote by touchscreen

160 Return ballot

101_ES

Accessible entrance

Entrada accesible

140_ES_Alt

Vote by paper ballot

Votar con papeleta impresa

140 Vote by paper ballot

140_ES

Vote by paper ballot

Votar con papeleta impresa

110 No entry

Do not enter

No entrar

110_ES

Restricted entrance

Entrada restringida

140 Vote by paper ballot

B

Identifi cation banners, posters, and name tags

Wayfi nding posters

Design Two languages Overview

200 Arrow
2.35 Voter information

010 Bill of Rights 

011 Bill of Rights binder

020 Information

021 Information binder

030 Special Rules

Voting instructions

Instrucciones para votar

Record your vote

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake:

Before you place your ballot into the 

ballot box or scanner, double-check 

your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than 

one person; the number appears just 

below the name of the offi ce. Make sure 

you do not mark more votes than that 

number. You may choose to vote for 

fewer, or you can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in 

one race, votes for that race will not 

be counted. The other correct races 

will be counted.

Antes de depositar su papeleta en la urna 

o en el lector, revísela detenidamente.

Algunas contiendas permiten la elección 

de más de una persona; el número aparece 

debajo del cargo. Asegúrese de 

no emitir más votos de los estipulados. 

Puede votar por menos candidatos u omitir 

su voto a cualquier contienda.

Si una papeleta contiene demasiados votos 

en una contienda, los votos para esa 

contienda serán anulados. Los votos de 

otras contiendas que se hayan emitido 

correctamente sí serán contados.

Fill in the oval completely using the 

pen or pencil provided. Do not use 

an X or .

Rellene el óvalo completamente, usando 

el lápiz o bolígrafo que le hayan proporcionado. 

No utilize X ni .

If you make a mistake, do not cross 

out or erase. Write “VOID” across the 

ballot and ask your poll worker for 

a new ballot. 

Si se equivoca, no raye o borre, escriba “VOID” 

(anular) sobre la papeleta y pida una nueva 

papeleta al trabajador electoral.

Emita su voto

Revise su papeleta

Si se equivoca:

040_ES

escriba “VOID” 

una nuVoting Instructions eva 

Instrucciones para votar

Record your vote

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake:

Before you place your ballot into the 

ballot box or scanner, double-check 

your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than 

one person; the number appears just 

below the name of the offi ce. Make 

sure you do not mark more votes 

than that number. You may choose 

to vote for fewer, or you can skip any 

race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in 

one race, votes for that race will not 

be counted. The other correct races 

will be counted.

Antes de depositar su papeleta en la urna 

o en el lector, revísela detenidamente.

Algunas contiendas permiten la elección 

de más de una persona; el número aparece 

debajo del cargo. Asegúrese de no emitir 

más votos de los estipulados. Puede votar 

por menos candidatos u omitir su voto a 

cualquier contienda.

Si una papeleta contiene demasiados votos 

en un contienda, los votos para esa contienda 

serán anulados. Los votos de otras contiendas 

que se hayan emitido correctamente sí serán 

contados.

Fill in the oval completely using 

the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Rellene el óvalo completamente, usando 

el lápiz o bolígrafo que le hayan 

proporcionado. No utilize X ni .

If you make a mistake, do not cross 

out or erase. Write “VOID” across the 

ballot and ask your poll worker for a 

new ballot. 

Si se equivoca, no raye o borre, escriba 

“VOID” (anular) sobre la papeleta y pida una 

nueva papeleta al trabajador electoral.

Emita su voto

Revise su papeleta

Si se equivoca:

041_ES

Sample ballot

Papeleta de muestra

051_ES

040 Voting instructions

041 Voting instructions

051 Sample ballot ID

Voting instructions

042_ES

Instrucciones para votar

Record your vote

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake:

Before you place your ballot into the 

ballot box or scanner, double-check 

your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more 

than one person; the number 

appears just below the name of the 

offi ce. Make sure you do not mark 

more votes than that number. You 

may choose to vote for fewer, or you 

can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes 

in one race, votes for that race will 

not be counted. The other correct 

races will be counted.

Antes de depositar su papeleta en la urna 

o en el lector, revísela detenidamente.

Algunas contiendas permiten la elección 

de más de una persona; el número aparece 

debajo del cargo. Asegúrese de 

no emitir más votos de los estipulados. 

Puede votar por menos candidatos u omitir 

su voto a cualquier contienda.

Si una papeleta contiene demasiados votos 

en un contienda, los votos para esa 

contienda serán anulados. Los votos de 

otras contiendas que se hayan emitido 

correctamente sí serán contados.

Fill in the oval completely using 

the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Rellene el óvalo completamente, usando 

el lápiz o bolígrafo que le hayan 

proporcionado. No utilize X ni .

If you make a mistake, do not cross 

out or erase. Write “VOID” across 

the ballot and ask your poll worker 

for a new ballot. 

Emita su voto

Revise su papeleta

Si se equivoca:

Si se equivoca, no raye o borre, escriba 

“VOID” (anular) sobre la papeleta y pida una 

nueva papeleta al trabajador electoral.

042 Voting instructions

Information

Información

132_ES

Information

Información

Turn in ballot here

Entregue su papeleta aquí

Turn in ballot here

Entregue su papeleta aquí

162_ES

Vote by touchscreen

Votar con pantalla táctil

152_ES

Vote by touchscreen

Votar con pantalla táctil

Vote by paper ballot

Votar con papeleta impresa

142_ES

Vote by paper ballot

sa Votar con papeleta impre

B

C

132 Information 142 Vote by paper ballot 152 Vote by touchscreen 162 Turn in ballot

Wayfi nding, tabletop formats

Information and instruction, posters, binders, and tabletop formats

Sample ballot

Papeleta de muestra

Sample ballot

Papeleta de muestra

052_ES

Design Two languages Overview

010 Bill of Rights 

Voters’ Bill of Rights

Declaración de derechos del elector

010_ES

Before casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

Vote if you are already standing in line 

when the polls close at 8 pm.

Vote in a polling place free of 

campaigning.

Get into a polling place if you have 

physical limits or use a wheelchair.

Vote by provisional ballot if your 

registration is not found or if you have 

not updated your registration since 

you recently moved or changed 

your name.

Take up to two hours off from work 

to vote at the beginning or end of 

the day without losing pay.

While casting your ballot,

you have the right to:

Get help from a poll worker if you 

cannot read or write, if you are blind 

or disabled.

Ask for ballots, instructions and other 

voting materials in other languages in 

some counties.

Bring your child under 18 into your 

voting booth with you.

Get a new ballot if you make a mistake.

Check your votes on paper if you vote 

by machine.

Have your ballot counted fairly and 

impartially.

If you feel your rights have been violated, 

please call the Election Protection 

hotline toll free at 1-866-OUR-VOTE 

(1-866-687-8683).

For a complete list of your Voters’ 

Bill of Rights, please request it from 

a poll worker.

Antes de emitir su voto, 

tiene derecho a:

Votar si está formado en la fi la cuando se cierre 

el centro de votación a las 8:00 p.m.

Votar en un centro de votación libre de campañas 

políticas. 

Ingresar a un centro de votación si tiene algún 

impedimento físico o usa silla de ruedas. 

Votar usando una papeleta provisional si 

no se puede localizar su inscripción electoral, 

o si no ha actualizado su inscripción electoral 

ya que se mudó de casa o se cambió de nombre 

recientemente.

Usar hasta dos horas de su horario laboral al 

inicio o fi nal de la jornada sin que su sueldo 

sea disminuido.

Mientras emite su voto, 

tiene derecho a:

Obtener ayuda de un trabajador electoral, si no 

puede leer o escribir, en caso de ser ciego o 

discapacitado. 

Pedir papeletas, instrucciones y otros materiales 

electorales en otras lenguas en algunos 

condados. 

Traer a su hijo menor de 18 años a la caseta 

electoral.

Obtener una nueva papeleta si se equivoca.

Verifi car sus votos en papel si vota usando 

una máquina.

Que su voto sea contado de manera justa 

e imparcial.

Si considera que sus derechos han sido 

violados, por favor llame a la línea telefónica 

de Protección Electoral, al número gratuito 

1-866-OUR-VOTE (1-866-687-8683).

Para obtener una lista completa de sus derechos 

electorales, por favor solicítesela a un trabajador 

electoral.

011 Bill of Rights binde

anera justa a justa 

han sido 

nea telefónica 

ero gratuito

683).

a de sus derechos 

la aun trabajador 

Departamento de Justicia de los E.E.U.U.

División de Derechos Civiles – Sección Electoral

La Ley del Derecho al Voto de 1965 protege a todos los 

estadounidenses de el discrimen racial. Esta ley también protege 

los derechos electorales de personas con destrezas limitadas 

en el idioma inglés. El principio fundamental es que el sufragio 

de todos es igual, y que ni la raza ni la lengua deben ser un 

obstáculo para que seamos parte del proceso electoral. La 

Ley del Derecho al Voto establece que estas y otras prácticas 

discriminatorias son ilegales, y le otorga a los ciudadanos civiles 

el derecho de iniciar litigios ante el tribunal federal para detener 

dichas prácticas. Recientemente los tribunales han aplicado esta 

ley para eliminar el discrimen racial en los métodos de elección 

para los organismos legislativos locales y estatales y en la 

elección de los trabajadors electorales. Puede encontrar La Ley 

del Derecho al Voto en el Código de los Estados Unidos de Norte 

América, 42 U.S.C. 1973 a 1973aa-6.

Ley de Derechos 

de los Electores

5 of 8

011_ES

030 Special Rules

Special voting rules

Reglamento especial electoral

030_ES

Rules for voters who 

registered by mail

Voters who have registered to vote by 

mail — and never confi rmed their identity 

to a registrar, election commissioner 

or polling offi cial before — must show 

identifi cation before receiving a ballot. 

You may use any of these documents 

for identifi cation:

• A valid Driver’s License or other ID with 

your photo and name on it 

• Another document that shows your 

name and address, including a paycheck, 

government check, current utility bill, 

or any federal, state, or local government 

document.

 You do not have to show this

 identifi cation if you are

• A military or overseas voter 

• Over the age of 65 

• A voter with a disability and are 

voting in a different location from the 

one where you are registered. 

Voting by 

provisional ballot

 If your name is not on the voter 

registration list OR 

 If you cannot show ID:

1. Fill out a voter registration application. 

2. Fill out and sign the provisional ballot 

envelope. 

3. Select a PIN number.

4. Place your voted ballots in the envelope.

After the polls close

Your registration will be confi rmed 

before the envelope is opened and your 

ballot is counted. 

Beginning 8 days after the election, 

you may check to see if your ballot was 

counted. Call 1-888-727-0007 or check 

votercheck.necvr.ne.gov. 

Enter PIN number _ _ _ _ _

Reglamento para electores 

que se inscribieron por correo

Los electores que se inscribieron por correo, 

y nunca confi rmaron su identidad ante el 

registrador, comisionado electoral o funcionario 

electoral, deberán mostrar una identifi cación, 

antes de recibir una papeleta. 

Puede mostrar cualquiera de las siguientes 

formas de identifi cación:

• Licencia de conducir válida u otra forma de 

identifi cación con su fotografía y nombre

• Otro documento que muestre su nombre 

y dirección, como un cheque de pago, cheque 

gubernamental, estado de cuenta actual 

de algún servicio público, o cualquier documento 

expedido por el gobierno federal, estatal o local.

 No tiene que mostrar esta identifi cación si

• Es un elector militar o que se encuentre fuera 

del país

• Tiene más de 65 años

• Es un elector discapacitado y va a votar en un 

lugar distinto a donde está registrado.

Elección con 

papeleta provisional

Si su nombre no aparece en el registro 

electoral o no puede mostrar alguna forma 

de identifi cación inscripción electoral:

1. Llene una solicitud de inscripción electoral.

2. Llene y fi rme el sobre de la papeleta provisional.

3. Seleccione un NIP 

(Número de Identifi cación Personal).

4. Deposite su papeleta votada en el sobre.

Después de que cierren 

las casillas electorales

Su inscripción será confi rmada antes de que 

el sobre se abra y su voto sea contado.

Después de 8 días de haberse llevado a cabo 

las elecciones, puede verifi car si su papeleta fue 

contada. Llame al 1-888-727-0007 

o vaya a votercheck.necvr.ne.gov. 

Escriba su NIP _ _ _ _ _

020 Information

General information

Información general

020_ES

First-time voters:

How to vote

Electores que votan por 

primera vez: Cómo votar

1. Give your name to the poll worker.

2. Sign your name in the register. If you 

are unable to write, the poll worker can 

help you make a mark. 

3. Mark your ballots in the polling booth.

4. Fold your ballot so that your marks are 

not seen. 

5. Put your ballot in the envelope or sleeve 

so that the poll worker’s initials show.

6. Return the ballot envelope or sleeve 

to the poll worker. The poll worker will 

put the ballot in the ballot box.

Notice to physically 

disabled voters

If you cannot read, or if you need help 

to mark your ballot because of disability, 

a relative or friend can help you. 

If you know someone who cannot enter 

the polling station because of a disability, 

tell the poll worker. The ballot may be 

taken to the voter, either to a more 

convenient place in the building or to the 

voter’s car parked within one block. 

Acts of fraud or 

misrepresentation

 It is a felony to commit an election 

falsifi cation. That includes:

• Pretending to be a voter,

• Falsely swearing to be a member of 

a political party,

• Interfering with the polling place,

• Voting more than once each election, 

 and more.

1. Diga su nombre al trabajador electoral.

2. Firme su nombre en el registro. Si no puede 

escribir, el trabajador electoral puede 

ayudarle a llenar la papeleta.

3. Emita su papeleta dentro de la caseta electoral.

4. Doble la papeleta de modo que su voto 

no sea visible.

5. Deposite la papeleta en el sobre o funda de 

modo que las iniciales del trabajador electoral 

queden a la vista.

6. Devuelva el sobre o funda al trabajador electoral. 

El trabajador electoral depositará la papeleta en 

la urna.

Aviso a electores con 

discapacidades físicas

Si no puede leer, o si necesita asistencia para 

marcar su papeleta debido a una discapacidad, 

un pariente o amigo puede ayudarle. 

Si conoce a alguien que no pueda ingresar a 

la caseta electoral debido a una discapacidad, 

dígaselo al trabajador electoral. La papeleta 

puede ser entregada al elector para que emita 

su voto, en un área más conveniente dentro del 

edifi cio donde se encuentra la casilla electoral, 

o llevarla al automóvil del elector, si éste se 

encuentra en un perímetro de una cuadra.

Actos fraudulentos o 

de falsedad

 Cometer falsifi cación electoral, es considerado 

un delito grave. Esto incluye:

• Pretender ser un elector, 

• Declarar falsamente ser miembro de un 

partido político,

• Interferir con el centro de votación,

• Votar más de una vez en cada elección, entre 

otras cosas.

For a complete list of the Nebraska’s 

Voting Violations and Penalties, please 

ask a poll worker.

Smoking is not permitted in the 

polling place.

Para obtener una lista completa de las 

Violaciones y Penalidades Electorales de 

Nebraska, por favor solicítela a un trabajador 

electoral.

Está prohibido fumar en el centro de votación.

021 Information binder

s considerado

o de un 

ón,

ección, entre 

de las 

orales de

un trabajador 

o de votación.

Violaciones Electorales 

y Penalidades

5 of 8

021_ES

Ofi cina del Secretario de Estado de Nebraska

Capítulo 32 Artículo 15 Violaciones 

Electorales y Penalidades

32-1502. Falsifi cación Electoral; penalidad.

Una persona será inculpada de falsifi cación electoral si, de 

manera oral o escrita, declara deliberadamente una falsedad 

bajo juramento legalmente administrado, o en una declaratoria 

realizada bajo pena de falsifi cación electoral.

32-1503. Inscripción de electores; actos prohibidos; 

penalidades.

Cualquier persona que:

(1) se haga pasar falsamente por un elector y se inscriba para 

votar

(2) Deliberadamente o de manera fraudulenta se inscriba usando 

un nombre falso, asumido o fi cticio

(3) Deliberadamente o de manera fraudulenta se inscriba en dos 

distritos electorales

052 Sample ballot ID
2.36 Voter information Design

A

vote aquí

vote here

180_ES

12.5% actual size

3

2

1

Two languages Vote here banner

Exterior banner specifi cations

File: 180_ES_BannerHoriz 

Dimensions: 54” x 11”

Titles

Type: 315 pt. Univers 93, tracking 0, and

320 pt. Univers 63, tracking 5, 100% white.

Background

Pattern is part of InDesign fi le, no illustration used.

Item ID number

Type: 20 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 100% white.

Discussion

Banners are for exterior use and may be hung 

horizontally or vertically. 

If printed on weatherproof material, banners should 

last 5–10 years.

Message and graphics connote positive atmosphere.

Consistent identifi cation helps polling place appear 

organized—helps to lend credibility to voting 

experience.

Alter translations based on preferred alternate 

languages.

Clearly visible polling place identifi cation is particularly 

important when districts have been recently revised.

1

3

2
2.37 Voter information Design

A

vote here

vote aquí

080_ES

Vote here poster

A

Two languages

1

2 3

42% actual size

Exterior door/window poster specifi cations

File: 080_ES_VoteHere

Dimensions: 8.5” x 11”

Titles

Type: 125 pt. Univers 75 and 55, 

tracking -10, leading 116 pt., 100% white.

Background

Place fi le: starfi eld.eps

Item ID number

Type: 10 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 100% white.

Discussion

Message and graphics connote positive atmosphere.

Consistent identifi cation helps polling place appear 

organized—helps to lend credibility to voting 

experience.

Place signs on or near entryway to room where 

voting takes place and at eye level.

No editing of information necessary. 

Smaller signs reinforce exterior banners. Strategic 

repetition of signs helps guide voters and provide 

assurance. 

1

2

3
2.38 Design

A

Polling place

Centro de votación

Precinct: 

Circunscripción electoral

Ward: 

Distrito

General Election 8am–8pm

Elección General

Tuesday

Martes 

November 7 

7 de noviembre

060_ES

Voter information Two languages Polling place identifi cation

1

2

15% actual size

3

4

5

A

Polling place identifi cation specifi cations

File: 060_ES_PollingPlace

Dimensions: 24” x 36”

Titles

Type: 113 pt. Univers 75 and 115 pt. Univers 55, 

tracking -15, leading 130 pt., 100% white

Title background

100% blue fi ll, 5.3” from top edge.

Information

Type: 100 pt. Univers 75 and 55, tracking -5, 

leading 120 pt. Space after paragraph: 1”. 

100% black.

Precinct/Ward

Type: 63 pt. Univers 75 and 55, tracking -5,

leading 80 pt., 100% black. 

Item ID number

Type: 20 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% blue.

Discussion

Precinct, hours, and date information is required 

by HAVA. Template can be produced in quantity to 

reduce costs. 

Handwritten information should be legible and of a 

similar size and weight of the printed text. Consider 

printing information via ink jet or laser printer on 

stickers that can then be applied to signs.

For exterior use and should be produced on 

weatherproof material.

1

2

3

4

5
2.39 Voter information Design

A

Two languages Polling place identifi cation

061_ES

District: 1

Distrito

Precinct: 2

Circunscripción electoral

Polling place

Centro de votación

General Election

Elección General

Tuesday

Martes 

November 7 

7 de noviembre

5

3

4

2

1

25% actual size

Polling place identifi cation— 

door format specifi cations

File: 061_ES_PollingPlace_Door

Dimensions: 8.5” x 11”

Titles

Type: 39 pt. Univers 75, tracking -5, and 

41 pt. Univers 55, tracking -10, leading 46 pt., 

100% white.

Title background

100% blue fi ll, 2” from top edge,

0.25” margin top and side edges.

Information

Type: 48 pt. Univers 75, tracking -5 and 

50 pt. Univers 55, tracking -15, leading 55 pt., 

Space after paragraph: 0.25”. 100% black. 

District/Precinct

Type: 30 pt. Univers 75, tracking -5 and 

32 pt. Univers 55, tracking -5, leading 36 pt., 

Space after paragraph: .25”. 100% black. 

Item ID number

Type: 9 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% blue.

Discussion

Precinct, hours, and date information is required by 

HAVA. Template can be produced in quantity for 

reduced costs. 

Handwritten information should be legible and of a 

similar size and weight of the printed text. Consider 

printing information via ink jet or laser printer on 

stickers that can then be applied to signs for accurate 

localization.

For interior use; place at eye level (approximately 

5 feet above ground).

1

2

3

4

5
2.40 Voter information Design

A

923

Precinct

Circunscripción

070_ES

Precinct

Circunscripción Circuns Ccripción

070_ES

923

Precinct

Circunscripción

070_ES

Two languages Precinct poster

25% actual size

1

2

3 4

Precinct identifi cation specifi cations

File: 070_ES_Precinct

Actual dimensions: 11” x 8.5”

Titles

Type: 63 pt. Univers 75, tracking -5,

and 65 pt. Univers 55, tracking -30, 

leading 68 pt., 100% white. 

Precinct number

Type: 425 pt. Univers 65, tracking -30, 

100% white.

Background

Place fi le: starfi eld.eps

Item ID number

Type: 10 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 100% white.

Discussion

This information is HAVA required.

Precinct can be replaced with applicable

division name. 

This poster can also guide voters when more than 

one precinct is located in the same polling place.

Place near precinct-specifi c poll workers on 

freestanding sign holder. For example, at the 

beginning of a voting line, near the voting booths 

or appropriate ballot box. 

For exterior/interior use; place at eye level.

1

2

3

4
2.41 Voter information Design

A

Two languages Poll worker ID

Election Offi cial

Funcionario Electoral

Ask me questions!

15% actual size

1

2

3

15% actual size

Election Offi cial

Funcionario Electoral

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Funcionaria Electoral

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Funcionario Electoral

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Funcionaria Electoral

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Funcionario Electoral

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Funcionaria Electoral

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Funcionario Electoral

Ask me questions!

Election Offi cial

Funcionaria Electoral

Ask me questions!

090_ES

detail, 100% of actual size

4

Poll worker identifi cation specifi cations

File: 090_ES_Pollworkers

Actual dimensions: 8 per 8.5 x 11”

Titles

Type: 18 pt. Univers 75, tracking 5, and 19 pt. 

Univers 55, leading 21 pt., tracking 0, 100% white.

Ask me questions!

Type: 12 pt. Univers 65, tracking 0, 100% black.

Title background

Height: 0.84”, 100% blue.

Item ID number

Type: 8 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 100% black.

Discussion

These may be printed on an offi ce printer using 

commonly available adhesive labels or name badges. 

1

2

3

4
2.42 Voter information Design

AB

Two languages Accessible entrances

100_ES

Accessible entrance

Entrada accesible

25% actual size

1

2

3

4

5

101_ES

Accessible entrance

Entrada accesible

Accessible entrance specifi cations

Files:

100_ES_AccessL

101_ES_AccessR

Dimensions: 11” x 17” 

1 Titles

Type: 53 pt. Univers 75, tracking 10, and

55 pt. Unvers 55, tracking 5, leading 67 pt., 

100% white.

2 Title background

100% black fi ll, 3” from top edge,

0.25” margin top and side edges.

3 Icons

7.25” diameter, 100% blue,

4 Arrow

2.8” in height, 100% black.

5 Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 10 pt., tracking 0, 30% black.

Discussion

This information is HAVA required.

Primarily used for older buildings; newer buildings 

should be ADA compliant. 

Place directional signs at main entrance. 

To identify accessible entrance, remove arrow or use 

Vote here! poster (File: 080_E_VoteHere).

Place at eye level (approximately 5 feet above 

ground). 
2.43 Voter information Design

AB

Two languages Restrictions

Do not enter

No entrar

110_ES

Restricted entrance

Entrada restringida

Do not use

No usar

120_ES

No cell phones

No usar teléfonos celulares

Do not enter, No cell phones specifi cations

Files:

110_E_NoEnter

120E_NoCell

Dimensions: 11” x 17” 

Titles

Type: 53 pt. Univers 75, tracking 10, and

55 pt. Unvers 55, tracking -10, leading 67 pt., 

100% white.

Title background

100% black fi ll, 3” from top edge,

0.25” margin top and side edges.

Icons

7.5” diameter, 100% red.

Instructions

Type: 86 pt. Univers 75, and 87.5 pt. Univers 55, 

tracking -10, leading 90 pt., 100% black.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 10 pt., tracking 0, 30% black.

1

2

3

4

5

Discussion

The restricted entrance information is required 

(if applicable).

Place at eye level (approximately 5 feet above 

ground). 

25% actual size

1

2

3

4

5
2.44 Voter information Design

AB

Two languages Wayfi nding

130_ES

Information

Información

25% actual size

2

1

4

3

5

140_ES

Vote by paper ballot

Votar con papeleta impresa

Wayfi nding poster specifi cations

Files:

130_ES_Info

140_ES_OpScan

Dimensions: 11” x 17” 

Titles

Type: 53 pt. Univers 75, tracking 10, and 55 pt. 

Univers 55, tracking 5, 67 pt. leading, 100% white.

Title background

100% black fi ll, 3” from top edge,

0.25” margin top and side edges.

Icons

All 8.5” diameter

Place fi le: OpScan_Oval.eps

Background

100% blue or red, 0.25” margin bottom 

and side edges.

Item ID number

Type: 10 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% black.

5

4

3

2

1

Discussion

Place as close as possible to applicable station or 

desk. Hanging from ceiling or via freestanding sign 

holder may be necessary to provide visibility and 

guide voters through the process. Taping signs to 

table tops or fronts often offers insuffi cient visibility.

For interior use; place at eye level (approximately 

5 feet above ground) or higher.

For optical scan ballots that use an arrow to indicate a 

selection, use the fi le titled 140_ES_OpScanAlt. 140_ES_Alt

Vote by paper ballot

Votar con papeleta impresa
2.45 Voter information Design

AB

Two languages Wayfi nding

150_ES

Vote by touchscreen

Votar con pantalla táctil

160_ES

Turn in ballot here

Entregue su papeleta aquí

Wayfi nding poster specifi cations

Files:

150_ES_Touchscreen

160_ES_ReturnBallot

Dimensions: 11” x 17” 

Titles

Type: 53 pt. Univers 75, tracking 10, and 55 pt. 

Univers 55, tracking 5, 67 pt. leading, 100% white.

Title background

100% black fi ll, 3” from top edge,

0.25” margin top and side edges.

Icons

8.5” diameter

Place fi les: 

Touchscreen.eps

Return_Ballot.eps

Background

100% red, 0.25” margin bottom 

and side edges.

Item ID number

Type: Univers 55, size 10 pt., tracking 0, 

30% black.

5

4

3

2

1

Discussion

Place as close as possible to applicable station or 

desk. Hanging from ceiling or via freestanding sign 

holder may be necessary to provide visibility and 

guide voters through the process. Taping signs to 

table tops or fronts often offers insuffi cient visibility.

For interior use; place at eye level (approximately 

5 feet above ground) or higher.

2

1

4

3

5

25% actual size
2.46 Design

A

Fold marks

2.75” and 7.75” from top.

Item identifi cation number

Type: 8 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 

30% blue or red.

Discussion

Assembly: trim to 8” x 10”, removing white margin. 

Use fold marks to form triangular shape and attach 

tab with tape.

For optical scan ballots that use an arrow to indicate 

a selection, use the fi le entitled: 142_ES_OpScan_

TabletopAlt.

Voter information Two languages

B

Wayfi nding

Information

Información

132_ES

Information

Información

2

1

3

5

4

Vote by touchscreen

Votar con pantalla táctil

152_ES

Vote by touchscreen

Votar con pantalla táctil

Turn in ballot here

Entregue su papeleta aquí

Turn in ballot here

Entregue su papeleta aquí

162_ES

Vote by paper ballot

Votar con papeleta impresa

142_ES

Vote by paper ballot

sa Votar con papeleta impre

Information

Información

132_ES

assembled

Wayfi nding—tabletop specifi cations

Files:

132_ES_Info_Tabletop

142_ES_OpScan_Tabletop

152_ES_Touchscreen_Tabletop

162_ES_ReturnBallot_Tabletop

Dimensions: 10” x 8”

Titles

Type: 48 pt. Univers 75, tracking 10, and 50 pt. 

Univers 55, tracking 5, 55 pt. leading, 100% white.

Title background

100% blue or 100% red, 2.5” from top edge.

Icons

1.1863” diameter, 0.25” from edge.

Files:

OpScan_Oval.eps

Touchscreen.eps

ReturnBallot.eps

5

4

3

2

1

27% actual size
2.47 Voter information Design

AC

Two languages Voters’ rights

Voters’ Bill of Rights

Declaración de derechos del elector

010_ES

Before casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

Vote if you are already standing in line 

when the polls close at 8 pm.

Vote in a polling place free of 

campaigning.

Get into a polling place if you have 

physical limits or use a wheelchair.

Vote by provisional ballot if your 

registration is not found or if you have 

not updated your registration since 

you recently moved or changed 

your name.

Take up to two hours off from work 

to vote at the beginning or end of 

the day without losing pay.

While casting your ballot,

you have the right to:

Get help from a poll worker if you 

cannot read or write, if you are blind 

or disabled.

Ask for ballots, instructions and other 

voting materials in other languages in 

some counties.

Bring your child under 18 into your 

voting booth with you.

Get a new ballot if you make a mistake.

Check your votes on paper if you vote 

by machine.

Have your ballot counted fairly and 

impartially.

If you feel your rights have been violated, 

please call the Election Protection 

hotline toll free at 1-866-OUR-VOTE 

(1-866-687-8683).

For a complete list of your Voters’ 

Bill of Rights, please request it from 

a poll worker.

Antes de emitir su voto, 

tiene derecho a:

Votar si está formado en la fi la cuando se cierre 

el centro de votación a las 8:00 p.m.

Votar en un centro de votación libre de campañas 

políticas. 

Ingresar a un centro de votación si tiene algún 

impedimento físico o usa silla de ruedas. 

Votar usando una papeleta provisional si 

no se puede localizar su inscripción electoral, 

o si no ha actualizado su inscripción electoral 

ya que se mudó de casa o se cambió de nombre 

recientemente.

Usar hasta dos horas de su horario laboral al 

inicio o fi nal de la jornada sin que su sueldo 

sea disminuido.

Mientras emite su voto, 

tiene derecho a:

Obtener ayuda de un trabajador electoral, si no 

puede leer o escribir, en caso de ser ciego o 

discapacitado. 

Pedir papeletas, instrucciones y otros materiales 

electorales en otras lenguas en algunos 

condados. 

Traer a su hijo menor de 18 años a la caseta 

electoral.

Obtener una nueva papeleta si se equivoca.

Verifi car sus votos en papel si vota usando 

una máquina.

Que su voto sea contado de manera justa 

e imparcial.

Si considera que sus derechos han sido 

violados, por favor llame a la línea telefónica 

de Protección Electoral, al número gratuito 

1-866-OUR-VOTE (1-866-687-8683).

Para obtener una lista completa de sus derechos 

electorales, por favor solicítesela a un trabajador 

electoral.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Voters’ Bill of Rights specifi cations

File: 010_ES_Rights

Dimensions: 24” x 36”

Titles

Type: 90 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 

92 pt. Univers 55, tracking -30, 100% white.

Title background

100% blue fi ll, 4.75” from top edge.

Icons

1.167” diameter, 0.833” from left edge.

Subheads

Type: 48 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 

50 pt. Univers 55, tracking -5, 100% blue.

Text

Type: 30 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 

31 pt. Univers 55, tracking -5, leading 37 pt. Space 

after paragraph: 0.3611”. 100% black and 100% blue 

for special cases (e.g., contact information).

Item ID number

Type: 18 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% blue.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Discussion

This material is HAVA required.

Place in visible locations—near waiting areas or 

where long lines form.

Voters should read this material before voting. 

Organize information into three to four categories that 

can be highlighted, as shown here, so that the poster 

is easy to scan from a distance.

For interior use; mount on wall or place on stand.

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State. The 

Voters’ Bill of Rights content in this instance pertains 

specifi cally to Nebraska law. Election offi cials 

will have to download the editable version of this 

template (.indd) to edit the text for consistency with 

the requirements of their State.

12% actual size
2.48 Voter information Design

A

General information

Información general

020_ES

First-time voters:

How to vote

Electores que votan por 

primera vez: Cómo votar

1. Give your name to the poll worker.

2. Sign your name in the register. If you 

are unable to write, the poll worker can 

help you make a mark. 

3. Mark your ballots in the polling booth.

4. Fold your ballot so that your marks are 

not seen. 

5. Put your ballot in the envelope or sleeve 

so that the poll worker’s initials show.

6. Return the ballot envelope or sleeve 

to the poll worker. The poll worker will 

put the ballot in the ballot box.

Notice to physically 

disabled voters

If you cannot read, or if you need help 

to mark your ballot because of disability, 

a relative or friend can help you. 

If you know someone who cannot enter 

the polling station because of a disability, 

tell the poll worker. The ballot may be 

taken to the voter, either to a more 

convenient place in the building or to the 

voter’s car parked within one block. 

Acts of fraud or 

misrepresentation

 It is a felony to commit an election 

falsifi cation. That includes:

• Pretending to be a voter,

• Falsely swearing to be a member of 

a political party,

• Interfering with the polling place,

• Voting more than once each election, 

 and more.

1. Diga su nombre al trabajador electoral.

2. Firme su nombre en el registro. Si no puede 

escribir, el trabajador electoral puede 

ayudarle a llenar la papeleta.

3. Emita su papeleta dentro de la caseta electoral.

4. Doble la papeleta de modo que su voto 

no sea visible.

5. Deposite la papeleta en el sobre o funda de 

modo que las iniciales del trabajador electoral 

queden a la vista.

6. Devuelva el sobre o funda al trabajador electoral. 

El trabajador electoral depositará la papeleta en 

la urna.

Aviso a electores con 

discapacidades físicas

Si no puede leer, o si necesita asistencia para 

marcar su papeleta debido a una discapacidad, 

un pariente o amigo puede ayudarle. 

Si conoce a alguien que no pueda ingresar a 

la caseta electoral debido a una discapacidad, 

dígaselo al trabajador electoral. La papeleta 

puede ser entregada al elector para que emita 

su voto, en un área más conveniente dentro del 

edifi cio donde se encuentra la casilla electoral, 

o llevarla al automóvil del elector, si éste se 

encuentra en un perímetro de una cuadra.

Actos fraudulentos o 

de falsedad

 Cometer falsifi cación electoral, es considerado 

un delito grave. Esto incluye:

• Pretender ser un elector, 

• Declarar falsamente ser miembro de un 

partido político,

• Interferir con el centro de votación,

• Votar más de una vez en cada elección, entre 

otras cosas.

For a complete list of the Nebraska’s 

Voting Violations and Penalties, please 

ask a poll worker.

Smoking is not permitted in the 

polling place.

Para obtener una lista completa de las 

Violaciones y Penalidades Electorales de 

Nebraska, por favor solicítela a un trabajador 

electoral.

Está prohibido fumar en el centro de votación.

1

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C

Two languages General information

General information specifi cations

File: 020_ES_Info

Dimensions: 24” x 36”

Titles

Type: 90 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 

92 pt. Univers 55, tracking -30, 100% white.

Title background

100% blue fi ll, 4.75” from top edge.

Icons

1.167” diameter, 0.833” from left edge.

Subheads

Type: 48 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 

50 pt. Univers 55, tracking -5, 100% blue.

Text

Type: 30 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 

31 pt. Univers 55, tracking -5, leading 37 pt. Space 

after paragraph: 0.3611”. 100% black and 100% blue 

for special cases (e.g., contact information).

Item ID number

Type: 18 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% blue.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement. 

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State.

Place in visible locations—near waiting areas or 

where long lines form.

Voters should read this material before voting. 

Organize information into three to four categories that 

can be highlighted, as shown here, so that the poster 

is easy to scan from a distance.

For interior use; mount on wall or place on stand.

12% actual size
2.49 Voter information Design

A

Special voting rules

Reglamento especial electoral

030_ES

Rules for voters who 

registered by mail

Voters who have registered to vote by 

mail — and never confi rmed their identity 

to a registrar, election commissioner 

or polling offi cial before — must show 

identifi cation before receiving a ballot. 

You may use any of these documents 

for identifi cation:

• A valid Driver’s License or other ID with 

your photo and name on it 

• Another document that shows your 

name and address, including a paycheck, 

government check, current utility bill, 

or any federal, state, or local government 

document.

 You do not have to show this

 identifi cation if you are

• A military or overseas voter 

• Over the age of 65 

• A voter with a disability and are 

voting in a different location from the 

one where you are registered. 

Voting by 

provisional ballot

 If your name is not on the voter 

registration list OR 

 If you cannot show ID:

1. Fill out a voter registration application. 

2. Fill out and sign the provisional ballot 

envelope. 

3. Select a PIN number.

4. Place your voted ballots in the envelope.

After the polls close

Your registration will be confi rmed 

before the envelope is opened and your 

ballot is counted. 

Beginning 8 days after the election, 

you may check to see if your ballot was 

counted. Call 1-888-727-0007 or check 

votercheck.necvr.ne.gov. 

Enter PIN number _ _ _ _ _

Reglamento para electores 

que se inscribieron por correo

Los electores que se inscribieron por correo, 

y nunca confi rmaron su identidad ante el 

registrador, comisionado electoral o funcionario 

electoral, deberán mostrar una identifi cación, 

antes de recibir una papeleta. 

Puede mostrar cualquiera de las siguientes 

formas de identifi cación:

• Licencia de conducir válida u otra forma de 

identifi cación con su fotografía y nombre

• Otro documento que muestre su nombre 

y dirección, como un cheque de pago, cheque 

gubernamental, estado de cuenta actual 

de algún servicio público, o cualquier documento 

expedido por el gobierno federal, estatal o local.

 No tiene que mostrar esta identifi cación si

• Es un elector militar o que se encuentre fuera 

del país

• Tiene más de 65 años

• Es un elector discapacitado y va a votar en un 

lugar distinto a donde está registrado.

Elección con 

papeleta provisional

Si su nombre no aparece en el registro 

electoral o no puede mostrar alguna forma 

de identifi cación inscripción electoral:

1. Llene una solicitud de inscripción electoral.

2. Llene y fi rme el sobre de la papeleta provisional.

3. Seleccione un NIP 

(Número de Identifi cación Personal).

4. Deposite su papeleta votada en el sobre.

Después de que cierren 

las casillas electorales

Su inscripción será confi rmada antes de que 

el sobre se abra y su voto sea contado.

Después de 8 días de haberse llevado a cabo 

las elecciones, puede verifi car si su papeleta fue 

contada. Llame al 1-888-727-0007 

o vaya a votercheck.necvr.ne.gov. 

Escriba su NIP _ _ _ _ _

C

Two languages Special rules

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5

6

Special Voting Rules specifi cations

File: 030_ES_SpecialRules

Dimensions: 24” x 36”

Titles

Type: 90 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 

92 pt. Univers 55, tracking -30, 100% white.

Title background

100% blue fi ll, 4.75” from top edge.

Icons

1.167” diameter, 0.833” from left edge.

Subheads

Type: 48 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 

50 pt. Univers 55, tracking -5, 100% blue.

Text

Type: 30 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 

31 pt. Univers 55, tracking -5, leading 37 pt. Space 

after paragraph: 0.3611”. 100% black and 100% blue 

for special cases (e.g., contact information).

Item ID number

Type: 18 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% blue.

1

2

3

4

5

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement. 

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State.

Place in visible locations—near waiting areas or 

where long lines form.

Voters should read this material before voting. 

Organize information into three to four categories that 

can be highlighted, as shown here, so that the poster 

is easy to scan from a distance.

For interior use; mount on wall or place on stand.

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State.

12% actual size

6
2.50 Voter information Design

AC

Two languages Voters’ rights binder

Departamento de Justicia de los E.E.U.U.

División de Derechos Civiles – Sección Electoral

La Ley del Derecho al Voto de 1965 protege a todos los 

estadounidenses de el discrimen racial. Esta ley también protege 

los derechos electorales de personas con destrezas limitadas 

en el idioma inglés. El principio fundamental es que el sufragio 

de todos es igual, y que ni la raza ni la lengua deben ser un 

obstáculo para que seamos parte del proceso electoral. La 

Ley del Derecho al Voto establece que estas y otras prácticas 

discriminatorias son ilegales, y le otorga a los ciudadanos civiles 

el derecho de iniciar litigios ante el tribunal federal para detener 

dichas prácticas. Recientemente los tribunales han aplicado esta 

ley para eliminar el discrimen racial en los métodos de elección 

para los organismos legislativos locales y estatales y en la 

elección de los trabajadors electorales. Puede encontrar La Ley 

del Derecho al Voto en el Código de los Estados Unidos de Norte 

América, 42 U.S.C. 1973 a 1973aa-6.

Ley de Derechos 

de los Electores

5 of 8

011_ES

42% actual size

Voters’ Bill of Rights—binder format 

specifi cations

File: 011_ES_Rights_Binder

Dimensions: 8.5” x 11”

Title

Type: 42 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, leading 48 pt., 

100% white.

Title background

100% black fi ll, 2.25” from top edge,

0.25” margin all edges.

State seal

1” diameter, 1” from left edge.

Subheads

Type: 20 pt. Univers 75, tracking -15, leading 25 pt., 

100% black.

Text

Type: 16 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, leading 23 pt., 

100% black.

Item ID number

Type: 8 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% black.

Discussion

Assembly: three-hole punch and put in standard 

three-ring binder.

This format is a full-text version of the poster format 

(page 2.47).

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State. The 

Voters’ Bill of Rights content in this instance pertains 

specifi cally to Nebraska law. Election offi cials 

will have to download the editable version of this 

template (.indd) to edit the text for consistency with 

the requirements of their State.

Binders are suggested to display the full text of legally 

required State information that is not easily contained 

or read in a wall display format by voters (such as 

voters’ rights information). Binders can also be 

used to display other redundant information already 

posted in the polling environment, such as voting 

instructions.

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2

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4

5

6

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4

5

6
2.51 Voter information Design

AC

Two languages General information binder

Violaciones Electorales 

y Penalidades

5 of 8

021_ES

Ofi cina del Secretario de Estado de Nebraska

Capítulo 32 Artículo 15 Violaciones 

Electorales y Penalidades

32-1502. Falsifi cación Electoral; penalidad.

Una persona será inculpada de falsifi cación electoral si, de 

manera oral o escrita, declara deliberadamente una falsedad 

bajo juramento legalmente administrado, o en una declaratoria 

realizada bajo pena de falsifi cación electoral.

32-1503. Inscripción de electores; actos prohibidos; 

penalidades.

Cualquier persona que:

(1) se haga pasar falsamente por un elector y se inscriba para 

votar

(2) Deliberadamente o de manera fraudulenta se inscriba usando 

un nombre falso, asumido o fi cticio

(3) Deliberadamente o de manera fraudulenta se inscriba en dos 

distritos electorales

42% actual size

General information—binder format 

specifi cations

File: 021_ES_Info_Binder

Dimensions: 8.5” x 11”

Title

Type: 42 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, leading 48 pt., 

100% white.

Title background

100% black fi ll, 2.25” from top edge,

0.25” margin all edges.

State seal

1” diameter, 1” from left edge.

Subhead

Type: 20 pt. Univers 75, tracking -15, leading 25 pt., 

100% black.

Text

Type: 16 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, leading 23 pt., 

100% black.

Item ID number

Type: 8 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% black.

Discussion

Assembly: three-hole punch and put in standard 

three-ring binder.

This format is a full-text version of the poster format 

(page 2.49).

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State. 

The content in this instance pertains specifi cally to 

Nebraska law. Election offi cials will have to download 

the editable version of this template (.indd) to edit 

the text for consistency with the requirements of 

their State.

Binders are suggested to display the full text of legally 

required State information that is not easily contained 

or read in a wall display format by voters (such as 

voters’ rights information). Binders can also be 

used to display other redundant information already 

posted in the polling environment, such as voting 

instructions.

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6
2.52 Voter information Design

AC

Two languages Voting instructions

Voting instructions

Instrucciones para votar

Record your vote

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake:

Before you place your ballot into the 

ballot box or scanner, double-check 

your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than 

one person; the number appears just 

below the name of the offi ce. Make sure 

you do not mark more votes than that 

number. You may choose to vote for 

fewer, or you can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in 

one race, votes for that race will not 

be counted. The other correct races 

will be counted.

Antes de depositar su papeleta en la urna 

o en el lector, revísela detenidamente.

Algunas contiendas permiten la elección 

de más de una persona; el número aparece 

debajo del cargo. Asegúrese de 

no emitir más votos de los estipulados. 

Puede votar por menos candidatos u omitir 

su voto a cualquier contienda.

Si una papeleta contiene demasiados votos 

en una contienda, los votos para esa 

contienda serán anulados. Los votos de 

otras contiendas que se hayan emitido 

correctamente sí serán contados.

Fill in the oval completely using the 

pen or pencil provided. Do not use 

an X or .

Rellene el óvalo completamente, usando 

el lápiz o bolígrafo que le hayan proporcionado. 

No utilize X ni .

If you make a mistake, do not cross 

out or erase. Write “VOID” across the 

ballot and ask your poll worker for 

a new ballot. 

Si se equivoca, no raye o borre, escriba “VOID” 

(anular) sobre la papeleta y pida una nueva 

papeleta al trabajador electoral.

Emita su voto

Revise su papeleta

Si se equivoca:

040_ES

Voting Instructions poster specifi cations

File: 040_ES_Instructions

Dimensions: 24” x 36”

Titles

Type: 110 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 112 pt. 

Univers 55, tracking -15, leading 130 pt. 100% 

white.

Title background

100% red, 5.3” from top edge.

Icons

1.1125” diameter.

Subheads

Type: 48 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 50 pt. 

Univers 55, tracking -5, leading 58 pt., 100% red.

Text

Type: 30 pt. Univers 75, and 31 pt. Univers 55, 

tracking 0, leading 37 pt. Space after paragraph: 

0.3611”. 100% black. 

Item ID number

Type: 18 pt Univers 75, tracking 0, 30% red.

Illustrations

Place fi le: OpScan_Oval.eps

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement. 

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State.

For interior use; mount on wall or prop on stand and

post near waiting area or where long lines may form.

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State and 

should be based on ballot type being used.

This poster is also available in an 8.5” x 11” format, 

see fi le: 041_ES_Instructions_Booth.

1

2

3

4

5

6

17% actual size

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

7

Voting instructions

Record your vote

Before you place your ballot into the ballot box or scanner, 

double-check your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than one person; the number 

appears just below the name of the offi ce. Make sure you 

do not mark more votes than that number. You may choose to 

vote for fewer, or you can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in one race, votes for 

that race will not be counted. The other correct races will be 

counted.

Fill in the oval completely using the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake, do not cross out or erase. Write “VOID” 

across the ballot and ask your poll-worker for a new ballot. 

If you make a mistake:

041_E
2.53 Voter information Design

AC

Two languages Voting instructions

Voting instructions

042_ES

Instrucciones para votar

Record your vote

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake:

Before you place your ballot into the 

ballot box or scanner, double-check 

your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more 

than one person; the number 

appears just below the name of the 

offi ce. Make sure you do not mark 

more votes than that number. You 

may choose to vote for fewer, or you 

can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes 

in one race, votes for that race will 

not be counted. The other correct 

races will be counted.

Antes de depositar su papeleta en la urna 

o en el lector, revísela detenidamente.

Algunas contiendas permiten la elección 

de más de una persona; el número aparece 

debajo del cargo. Asegúrese de 

no emitir más votos de los estipulados. 

Puede votar por menos candidatos u omitir 

su voto a cualquier contienda.

Si una papeleta contiene demasiados votos 

en un contienda, los votos para esa 

contienda serán anulados. Los votos de 

otras contiendas que se hayan emitido 

correctamente sí serán contados.

Fill in the oval completely using 

the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Rellene el óvalo completamente, usando 

el lápiz o bolígrafo que le hayan 

proporcionado. No utilize X ni .

If you make a mistake, do not cross 

out or erase. Write “VOID” across 

the ballot and ask your poll worker 

for a new ballot. 

Emita su voto

Revise su papeleta

Si se equivoca:

Si se equivoca, no raye o borre, escriba 

“VOID” (anular) sobre la papeleta y pida una 

nueva papeleta al trabajador electoral.

Voting instructions

Instrucciones para votar

Record your vote

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake:

Before you place your ballot into the 

ballot box or scanner, double-check 

your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more 

than one person; the number 

appears just below the name of the 

 ce. Make sure you do not mark offi

more votes than that number. You 

may choose to vote for fewer, or you 

can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes 

in one race, votes for that race will 

not be counted. The other correct 

races will be counted.

Antes de depositar su papeleta en la urna 

o en el lector, revísela detenidamente.

Algunas contiendas permiten la elección 

de más de una persona; el número aparece 

debajo del cargo. Asegúrese de 

no emitir más votos de los estipulados. 

Puede votar por menos candidatos u omitir 

su voto a cualquier contienda.

Si una papeleta contiene demasiados votos 

en un contienda, los votos para esa 

contienda serán anulados. Los votos de 

otras contiendas que se hayan emitido 

correctamente sí serán contados.

Fill in the oval completely using 

the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Rellene el óvalo completamente, usando 

el lápiz o bolígrafo que le hayan 

proporcionado. No utilize X ni s.

If you make a mistake, do not cross 

out or erase. Write “VOID” across 

the ballot and ask your poll worker 

for a new ballot. 

Emita su voto

Revise su papeleta

Si se equivoca:

Si se equivoca, no raye o borre, escriba 

“VOID” (anular) sobre la papeleta y pida una 

nueva papeleta al trabajador electoral.

Voting Instructions—tabletop specifi cations

File: 042_ES_Instructions_Tabletop

Dimensions: 8” x 15.5”

Titles

Type: 30 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 31.5 pt. 

Univers 55, tracking -10, leading 33 pt. 100% white.

Title background

100% red fi ll, 1.28” from top edge.

Icons

0.26” diameter.

Subheads

Type: 11 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 11.5 pt. 

Univers 55, tracking -10, leading 13 pt., 100% red.

Text

Type: 8 pt. Univers 75 and 55, leading 11 pt., 

tracking 0. Space after paragraph: 0.3333”. 

100% black.

Item ID number

Type: 8 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% red.

Illustrations

Place fi le: OpScan_Oval.eps

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement. 

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State.

For interior tabletop use.

Content needs to be modifi ed for each State and 

should be based on ballot type being used.

Assembly: trim to 6” x 15.5”. Use fold marks to form 

triangular shape and attach tab with tape. 

1

2

3

4

5

Voting instructions

Record your vote

Before you place your ballot into the ballot box or scanner, 

double-check your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than one person; the number 

appears just below the name of the offi ce. Make sure you do not 

mark more votes than that number. You may choose to vote for 

fewer, or you can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in one race, votes for 

that race will not be counted. The other correct races will 

be counted.

Fill in the oval completely using the pen or pencil provided. 

Do not use an X or .

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake, do not cross out or erase. Write “VOID” 

across the ballot and ask your poll-worker for a new ballot. 

If you make a mistake:

042_E

assembled

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5

6

7

6

7

35% actual size
2.54 Voter information Design

AC

Two languages Sample ballot

Sample ballot

Papeleta de muestra

051_ES

42% actual size

Sample ballot poster specifi cations

File: 051_ES_Sample_Door

Dimensions: 8.5” x 11”

Titles

Type: 77 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 

78 pt. Univers 55, tracking -30, leading 80 pt., 

100% white. 0.6” from left edge and 2” from 

top edge.

Background

100% red fi ll, 0.25” from edges.

Item ID number

Type: 8 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% red.

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement.

Use to draw attention to actual sample ballots. 

No editing of information necessary. 1

2

3

1

3 2
2.55 Voter information Design

AC

Two languages Sample ballot

Sample ballot

Papeleta de muestra

Sample ballot

Papeleta de muestra

052_ES

Discussion

Posting this information is a HAVA requirement.

Use to draw attention to actual sample ballots. 

No editing of information necessary. 

Assembly: trim to 8” x 10”, removing white margin. 

Use fold marks to form triangular shape and attach 

tab with tape.

46% actual size

Sample ballot

Papeleta de muestra

052_ES

assembled

Sample ballot—tabletop specifi cations

File: 052_ES_Sample_Tabletop

Dimensions: 8” x 10”

Titles

Type: 59 pt. Univers 75, tracking 0, and 

60 pt. Univers 55, tracking -10, leading 65 pt., 

100% white. 

Background

100% red fi ll, 5” high.

Item ID number

Type: 8 pt. Univers 55, tracking 0, 30% red.

1

2

3

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2

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2.56 Voter information

Samples: two languages 

The design best practices detailed in the previous section are applied to voter 

information materials in English and Chinese on pages 2.57–2.65. Identifi cation, 

wayfi nding, and instruction/information items are illustrated; their electronic fi le 

names are also included. The samples demonstrate the fl exibility of the best 

practice designs and their applicability to a variety of voter information materials. 

The typeface used for the Chinese text is LeiHi Pro Medium.* Throughout these 

samples the Chinese text is set at approximately the same size as the English text 

(see pages 2.34–2.55 for additional two-language specifi cations).

The sample Chinese text in this section has been professionally translated, but 

translations do not refl ect a specifi c elections expertise.

*The EAC does not endorse any specifi c product or vendor. The best practices illustrated 

throughout this document do not rely on specifi c software, products, or vendors. For copyright 

reasons, the EAC cannot supply election offi cials with the fonts used in the InDesign fi les. 

They are available from numerous suppliers.
2.57 Voter information Samples Two languages

Voters’ Bill of Rights

ӟ୯ڗᛲѧ٘ख௣ѿ

ϛલӟ୯˄ۯçલЊᛲ 

ӟ୯çϩشϛʔ˥ᓮӟ୯ᓮᘖ௼ईçલʁ໪ϛӟ

୯෋Ψˁ૜෋é

ϛԆЊᙕ᎛೒კަ੃څӟ୯ᓮӟ୯é

඲ʉӟ୯؀çϩشલަ੃ˀвϩ׼ՠΈቮವé

௣ཬᒃई᎛୯ӟ୯çϩشӘˀսલڅٍ䢚ཋ৯ç׼

લϛజڼ๎׼ࣂӧӣβϫ݉ᒿԆЊӧ๙ച৪څཋ

৯é

ϛ᎛ᒄັˮෆּ׼഼ӨۯΈгϡճʯईڅɹіई෈

ӟ୯çˀ๢Λ૒௡ճʯईڅᒆ̑é

ϛલӟ୯ईçલЊᛲí

઩ӟ୯ᓮɹіʇ࢝Ջ㕾ᐻધᏹѫçϩشલˀډ

ཤϩъᜄ׼ᅞç׼ϩشલڇݶʇ׼ೊᄑʇʧé

ϛހ՘ፐ࠲ӷಐբյ͠დԶڅ᎛୯è切ب̤˫յ̨

ӟ୯ཋअéڅ

ઙᄚલ䎜̤ʔܬڅʫ඲ʉӟ୯ঔé

ધսɿડ๙᎛୯çϩشલ̴Ꭵڅ༼é

ϛতʖᐔދલڅӟ୯çϩشલՠΈጆወӟ୯é

࠲ӷલڅ᎛୯ϛ࠴ᆛईધս ̊ͧ֝೸਷Դ࿭݅é

ϩشલ᙮ધલڅᛲѧ௃ۓ΁ʅçቂൃѡ඘څᙕ᎛ۙ

ᚼᇋ㣣ͮྑ༽ç༚ᇬݶí

5;8<5:+é

લ̤ͅϏӟ୯ঔڅɹіʇ࢝ঝ֋ɿαҭዲڅӟ୯ڗ

ᛲѧ٘खڸé

010_EC

Before casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

Vote if you are already standing in line 

when the polls close at 8 pm.

Vote in a polling place free of 

campaigning.

Get into a polling place if you have 

physical limits or use a wheelchair.

Vote by provisional ballot if your 

registration is not found or if you have 

not updated your registration since 

you recently moved or changed 

your name.

Take up to two hours off from work 

to vote at the beginning or end of 

the day without losing pay.

While casting your ballot,

you have the right to:

Get help from a poll worker if you 

cannot read or write, if you are blind 

or disabled.

Ask for ballots, instructions and other 

voting materials in other languages in 

some counties.

Bring your child under 18 into your 

voting booth with you.

Get a new ballot if you make a mistake.

Check your votes on paper if you vote 

by machine.

Have your ballot counted fairly and 

impartially.

If you feel your rights have been violated, 

please call the Election Protection 

hotline toll free at 1-866-OUR-VOTE 

(1-866-687-8683).

For a complete list of your Voters’ 

Bill of Rights, please request it from 

a poll worker.

English/Chinese

File name

010_EC_Rights

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

20% actual size
2.58 Voter information Samples Two languages English/Chinese

General information

بɿেკ

୷ɿЏӟ୯څ᎛ͻí

ϩъӟ୯

ѿඍӟ୯ᓮɹіʇ࢝લڅβϫé

ϛച৪̱ˁᗑʖલڅβϫéϩشલˀ๢ᅞç

ӟ୯ᓮɹіʇ̤࢝ͅᏹલਮᆥ৪é

ϛӟ୯ঔൃલ᎛୯څ᎛ොʖਮᆥ৪é

Ӗલڅ᎛୯ӝ㘨ϧçՠલڅ᎛ොˀ๢௃ѥʇ

Դéߢ

આલڅ᎛୯؟ʉےܲے׼ேçᛏ̴ӟ୯ঔɹіʇ

ʩᅞϫ ͅéڅ࡜β৺ֽ࢝

Ӗ᎛୯ےܲے׼ேΠᒿൃӟ୯ᓮɹіʇ࢝é

ӟ୯ᓮɹіʇ࢝આӖ᎛୯ӟʉӟ୯ᇷé

ϩشલˀᗱϫç׼π伡ෲೊЪϛ᎛୯ʖਮᆥ৪ई

ᄕ࠲ᏹѫçલހڅɿу፷ૃد׼˪̤ͅϏલಐբ

ᏹѫé

ϩشલډཤހуʇʧ΋ءෲೊࢎڅπˀ়඲ʉӟ

୯؀çቂѿඍӟ୯ঔڅɹіʇ࢝é᎛୯়௃ڈો

ჴ਀ൃӟ୯ڗçჴ਀څϚᓮ̤ͅݶ݀ፄوٴ䡷ɿࡵ

ӧ̷̅څە౅؀ݶ׼ਪኒϛɿࡵൽੈᇸూ˄䡷څ

ӟ୯څڗԿ䡷é

ډ௣څͻ᎛ॣԾᝃೊൃ

ӟ୯౅؀໗̋҂ຓé

ೈᘥн伡׼ი෮

᎛ᒄ௫ਫࡍݶ໲é

íݨ̹͠

ë儝ၴݶ᎛ͻç

࢝ϿڅᚏݭɿހݶთăвɻĄܭë൴ਫ

ëʹिӟ୯؀څɹіç

ëӶЏ᎛ᒄˀ̋ɿЏӟ୯é

020_EC

First-time voters:

How to vote

1. Give your name to the poll worker.

2. Sign your name in the register. If you 

are unable to write, the poll worker can 

help you make a mark. 

3. Mark your ballots in the polling booth.

4. Fold your ballot so that your marks are 

not seen. 

5. Put your ballot in the envelope or sleeve 

so that the poll worker’s initials show.

6. Return the ballot envelope or sleeve 

to the poll worker. The poll worker will 

put the ballot in the ballot box.

Notice to physically 

disabled voters

If you cannot read, or if you need help 

to mark your ballot because of disability, 

a relative or friend can help you. 

If you know someone who cannot enter 

the polling station because of a disability, 

tell the poll worker. The ballot may be 

taken to the voter, either to a more 

convenient place in the building or to the 

voter’s car parked within one block. 

Acts of fraud or 

misrepresentation

 It is a felony to commit an election 

falsifi cation. That includes:

• Pretending to be a voter,

• Falsely swearing to be a member of 

a political party,

• Interfering with the polling place,

• Voting more than once each election, 

 and more.

For a complete list of the Nebraska’s 

Voting Violations and Penalties, please 

ask a poll worker.

Smoking is not permitted in the 

polling place.

લ̤ͅϏӟ୯ঔڅɹіʇ࢝ঝ֋ɿαҭዲڅ䡷ͦ

؂ಢ̷Θˬӟ୯௉۲֝ᖩႚΒᎩé

File name

020_EC_Info

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

20% actual size
2.59 Voter information

Special voting rules

॑बӟ୯௉۲

ϩشલڅβϫˀϛ᎛ͻച৪βశڗ׼

ϩشલˀ̴়ΖԾαᗲبí

ธᅞɿα᎛ͻച৪΍ቂé

ธᅞᒃई᎛୯ےܲՔᗑβé

᎛ያɿࡵࡵʇઃᇬé

આธᅞҭϿڅ᎛୯؟ʉےܲé

Έඵέച৪څ᎛ͻ௉۲

௣ཬےέച৪ç̞઩ͶϏച৪࢝è᎛ᒄֵ׼࢝ӟ୯

࢝׈ᇨვյԾαڅӟ୯ڗͬෞϛᐻધ᎛୯˄ۯ̴Ζ

Ծαᗲبé

લ̤ͅՠΈ̤ʔ̂έˁڅήъɿොі伡Ծαᗲبí

Έᒃई᎛୯ӟ୯

ϛӟ୯ᓮᘖ௼̤݉

ϛ༬Њલ᎛୯ےڅܲ௃ͮෆèલڅ᎛୯௃࠴ᆛ˄

ۯçલڅඃ̱๢ધսᇨვé

ᙕ᎛ෆּˮ̤݉çલ̤ͅᐔދલڅ᎛୯ݶ

੖ொ׼ྑࠔᆛéቂ࠴௃ѵ

\UZKXINKIQTKI\XTKMU\ç᎕ʉલࡵڅʇઃᇬ

_ _ _ _ _é

030_EC

Rules for voters who 

registered by mail

Voters who have registered to vote by 

mail — and never confi rmed their identity 

to a registrar, election commissioner 

or polling offi cial before — must show 

identifi cation before receiving a ballot. 

You may use any of these documents 

for identifi cation:

• A valid Driver’s License or other ID with 

your photo and name on it 

• Another document that shows your 

name and address, including a paycheck, 

government check, current utility bill, 

or any federal, state, or local government 

document.

 You do not have to show this

 identifi cation if you are

• A military or overseas voter 

• Over the age of 65 

• A voter with a disability and are 

voting in a different location from the 

one where you are registered. 

Voting by 

provisional ballot

 If your name is not on the voter 

registration list OR 

 If you cannot show ID:

1. Fill out a voter registration application. 

2. Fill out and sign the provisional ballot 

envelope. 

3. Select a PIN number.

4. Place your voted ballots in the envelope.

After the polls close

Your registration will be confi rmed 

before the envelope is opened and your 

ballot is counted. 

Beginning 8 days after the election, 

you may check to see if your ballot was 

counted. Call 1-888-727-0007 or check 

votercheck.necvr.ne.gov. 

Enter PIN number _ _ _ _ _

ëЊःڅኣኡ੮ທ׼յ̨ઙЊલທֽ̖֝βڅԾα

ᗲé

ëյ̨᜽ΖલֽβèϚғڅ̂έç̹ݨɹཋ́୯è

נݭഛڅ؟૥ᐢۂ́୯èڼಮڅ̑ྑèຕय඘ቕ

శ׼ήъᑸՊèΘ׼Ϛ̅څנݭ̂έé

ϩشલ୸θ̤ʔήъɿොçݱˀ̴ͬΖલڅԾα

ᗲبí

ë࠼ʇ׼੣͚᎛ͻ

ëචཬ๷

ëЊෲೊڅ᎛ͻç䩈̞ݶϛႪલച৪څϚᓮˀω

څϚ̅ӟ୯é

Samples Two languages English/Chinese

File name

030_EC_SpecialRules

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

20% actual size
2.60 Voter information

Record your vote

Review your ballot

If you make a mistake:

Before you place your ballot into the 

ballot box or scanner, double-check 

your votes. 

Some races allow votes for more than 

one person; the number appears just 

below the name of the offi ce. Make sure 

you do not mark more votes than that 

number. You may choose to vote for 

fewer, or you can skip any race.

If a ballot contains too many votes in 

one race, votes for that race will not 

be counted. The other correct races 

will be counted.

Fill in the oval completely using the 

pen or pencil provided. Do not use 

an X or .

If you make a mistake, do not cross 

out or erase. Write “VOID” across the 

ballot and ask your poll worker for 

a new ballot. 

Voting instructions

بӟ୯კ

ϛӖ᎛୯؟ʉӟ୯ᇷ׼૓ಈወ˄ۯçቂ̦ஆक࿭

લڅ᎛ොé

ހ՘ᙕ᎛˖௎લӟ୯́څݡʇᆛචཬɿࡵì௉ׇ

څʇᆛ᜽Ζϛ༴ᕁуβၴڅʔ̅éቂᇨׇલӟ୯

څ༴ᆛء˳޵ያ᎛̤ͅʇᆛˀචཬ༴ᆛΒéલڅ

ʇӟ୯çڗ׼བཬήъɿЏᙕ᎛é

ϩشɿЏᙕ᎛ˁހڅડ᎛୯ʖ̹Ҋʅ˰ϡڅ᎛

ොç༴Џᙕ᎛څ᎛୯આˀ௃࠴ᆛéյ̨͹ᇨڅᙕ

᎛᎛୯આ௃࠴ၽϛ䡷é

ՠΈಐբڅฑज़റ׼ཽറӖጁฑӂҭθต෩é

ˀ࠲ͮʤ׼lé

ϩشલ̴Ꭵʅçቂˀ࠲Ѩਜ׼ต؇᎛ොéቂ

ϛ᎛୯ʖऐᅞī<5/*ă༴ආڅิݶ݌ī೸ः

᎛ཬዲડߴ࠲ٍิĬĄĬçϛऐᅞ༴శආईቂڅ

୯éՔϏલ؀ϛӟ୯ᓮڅɹіʇ࢝ঝ࠲ɿડ๙څ

᎛୯é

৪Ꭹલڅӟ୯

ᐔދલڅ᎛୯

ϩشલ̴Ꭵʅ 

040_EC

16% actual size

Samples Two languages English/Chinese

File name

040_EC_Instructions

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 
2.61 Voter information

Polling place

ӟ୯ᓮཋ৯

Precinct: 

᎛ੈ

Ward: 

 ̋᎛ੈ

8am–8pm

ʖ˥8ᓮгʔ˥8ᓮ

General Election

ಣ᎛

Tuesday

ಮʆݷ

November 7

11̈7̆

060_EC

File name

060_EC_PollingPlace

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

16% actual size

Samples Two languages English/Chinese
2.62 Voter information

100_EC

Accessible entrance

ೊᄑʇʧ௣нڅʉʥ

101_EC

Accessible entrance

ೊᄑʇʧ௣нڅʉʥ

File name

100_EC_AccessL

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

File name

101_EC_AccessR

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

25% actual size

Samples Two languages English/Chinese
2.63 Voter information

Do not enter

ቂs඲ʉ

110_EC

Restricted entrance

ࡏտ௣нڅʉʥ

130_EC

Information

ཋ৯

File name

110_EC_NoEnter

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

File name

120_EC_Info

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

25% actual size

Samples Two languages English/Chinese
2.64 Voter information

140_EC

Vote by paper ballot

Έ᎛୯ӟ୯

150_EC

Vote by touchscreen

௣ཬᙯܴӟ୯

File name

140_EC_OpScan

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

File name

150_EC_Touchscreen

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

20% actual size

Samples Two languages English/Chinese
2.65 Voter information

File name

051_EC_Sample_Door

See pages 2.34–2.55

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

051_EC

Sample ballot

᎛୯ᆠ͵

43% actual size

Samples Two languages English/Chinese
3.1 Optical scan ballots

Effective Designs for the

Administration of Federal Elections

Section 3: Optical scan ballots

June 2007

U.S. Election Assistance Commission
3.2 Optical scan ballots

Optical scan ballots

This section has three parts: (1) planning process information; (2) one-language 

ballot design best practices and samples; and (3) two-language ballot design best 

practices and samples.

Planning

The Planning section (pages 3.4–3.5) outlines how to incorporate resources 

into your ballot development and production process; in what areas those 

resources may be of assistance; and when those activities should occur. It also 

offers tips on possible challenges and opportunities. These suggestions apply 

to both one-language and two-language ballots.

Design

For both one-language (page 3.6) and two-language ballots (page 3.34), best 

practice samples are illustrated in full and by component. These components and 

samples are accompanied by production specifications and discussion notes. 

Samples 

Samples of the design best practices and components are applied to the various 

one-language ballots (page 3.22) and various two-language ballots (page 3.50). 

The variations include two ballot styles: a one-color version and a Chineselanguage version. 

Electronic versions of these files are available at www.eac.gov, and specifi c 

instructions on how to use the electronic fi les are included on pages 3.22 and 

3.50. The electronic fi les are available in two formats, one of which can be edited. 

Election offi cials are encouraged to partner with their vendors and production 

partners to review the voluntary design recommendations in this document as 

early as possible.

Translations

The sample Chinese text in this section has been professionally translated, but 

translations do not refl ect a specifi c elections expertise. The translated Spanish 

text has been edited to support election terminology recommended in the EAC’s 

“Glossary of Key Election Terminology, English-Spanish, 2007.” 

Voter audience

This section details solutions for voters able to use printed ballots. Ballot 

instructions, labels, and navigation are written in simple language to support 

comprehension by voters at a third-grade reading level. 

Optical scan specifi cations are based on information design principles, primary 

research fi ndings, and accessibility requirements cited in 2005 Voluntary Voter 

System Guidelines (VVSG) section 3.2. 

Areas of further study

System solutions for alternative input/output variations (combining tactile, 

audio, and visual toolsets) and solutions for large-print ballots.
3.3 Optical scan ballots

Suggestions for best practices

The general election voter information prototypes shown on the following pages 

are based on VVSG, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines, research 

fi ndings, and information design principles. 

— Emphasize voter needs over administrative and vendor requirements.

— Use simple language for all content. Studies show that clear and concise writing is 

benefi cial to voters of all literacy levels. Rewriting instructions, ballot instructions, 

and voter information materials using simple language increases usability and, on 

the voter’s behalf, accuracy. 

— Use one language per ballot, which is recommended practice. To meet usability 

standards, display no more than two languages simultaneously.

— Use upper- and lowercase sans serif type, set left aligned at the sizes outlined in 

the specifi cations, for readability. Avoid setting text in a centered alignment. Avoid 

setting text in all capital letters. Minimize the number of fonts used. 

— Set at a minimum of 12 points all ballot content voters will read. Given a choice 

between adequate type size (12 points) and fewer pages, ballots with 12-point 

type and more pages were found to be more usable than those with fewer pages 

and smaller type.

— Use color functionally and consistently. Color can draw the reader’s attention 

and emphasize important information. The use of color cannot be the sole means 

of conveying information or making distinctions. Another noncolor mode must 

complement color use, such as contrast, icon, text style, etc. (see VVSG).

— When clarifying instructions and processes, use accurate diagrams to describe 

voting technology and equipment. 

— Use instructional icons only. Universally recognized icons such as arrows are 

acceptable and encouraged.

Research findings

Detailed findings that support ballot design best practices can be found in section 

6 and section 7. 
3.4 Optical scan ballots

Planning process

The planning table on the following page outlines additional resources and steps that 

can be taken to ensure that ballot content and design best address voter needs.

These recommendations are based on best practices in use in Cook County, 

Illinois, and the pilot test in Nebraska.

Planning goals

These additional resources can help ensure that:

 — Content is easily understood by voters, including those with low vision 

and literacy issues.

 — The visual organization of the content supports ease of use and confi dence in the 

process.

 — Any necessary translations are accurate and sensitive to cultural differences 

in language and expression.

Planning value by role/resource

S — imple-language expert ensures that instructions and other ballot content are 

written in the most effective manner to help all voters (not just low-literacy voters) 

understand and follow instructions, and feel confi dent that they have properly cast 

their ballots.

— Information designer organizes the ballot content—text, graphics, illustrations—in 

a manner that is clear, simple, and functional, and that supports and enhances 

the voter’s comprehension of the content and voting process. (Note: The design 

fi eld is very broad; it is important to work with a designer who has expertise in the 

organization and presentation of complex information.) 

— Usability expert works with the information designer to develop review, testing, 

and revision processes that improve the ballot’s overall effectiveness, accuracy, 

and usability.

— ensures proper grammatical, syntactic, and structural character of the Translator

content, and appropriate use of local dialect variations. Accurate translations are 

vital for non-English-speaking voters, and online translations are often misleading, 

unclear, or simply wrong (for Spanish translations, see EAC document “Glossary 

of Key Election Terminology, English-Spanish, 2007”).

— Cultural expert reviews translated material to ensure that the translations are 

accurate and culturally relevant, and that their visual presentation is appropriate. 
3.5 Optical scan ballots Planning process

Production steps before election cycle

Resources Planning, design, and usability activities Tips

1. Election

Offi cial

Use the current election to establish a baseline for 

future work. Get voter feedback before starting, 

not just afterward.

Establish an approval process/team. Determine 

who must sign off on improvements at each 

phase.

2. Election

Offi cial

Choose an objective, professional resource to 

take ownership of information design challenges.

Simultaneously hire a designer and a usability 

professional who can offer additional feedback.

Partner with a policy advisor who can help guide 

design improvements through the necessary 

legislative processes.

Whenever possible, hire a local person who will 

be able to meet with offi cials and the extended 

production team (vendors, printers, etc.).

Provide the designer with poll worker training, as 

well as any feedback from voters or poll workers.

Provide the designer with a complete list of current

election documents and legal requirements.

3. Designer and 

Usability Expert

Review and become familiar with election design 

standards and recommendations.

Understand variance between EAC best practices 

and local requirements for poll worker and voter 

materials.

4. Election

Offi cial

Estimate value of design improvements.

Gauge impact of the redesign process during

the next election planning cycle.

Resources during election cycle

Resources Content development activities Tips

Simple-Language 

Expert

Edit fi nal English-language content for low-literacy 

voters.

Translator Translate content for non-English-speaking voters. Understand the translator’s requirements before 

the election: data formats, time line, etc.

Have a third-party expert review the translated 

materials after the initial draft. Legal advisors may 

need to review the materials after simple language 

and design have been incorporated.

Alternative

Language/

Cultural Expert

Review translated content in each alternative 

language for cultural relevancy.

Translation services may not be aware of possible 

cultural sensitivities of translated material.

Designer Election offi cial provides designer with fi nal 

content for different materials, in English and 

other languages, after they have been reviewed by 

simple language and cultural experts.
3.6 Optical scan ballots

Design: one language

On pages 3.7–3.21, design best practices for a general election one-language 

ballot are illustrated. Production specifi cations and discussion notes are 

provided—including typeface,* type size, leading, line weights, tint fi lls, and 

distances between elements. 

The ballot content used in these samples was originally developed by the National 

Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to illustrate a “moderately complex” 

ballot. Although it is impossible to cover every ballot scenario, most general 

election ballot layout issues can be addressed using these designs.

Components 

As illustrated on the following page, an optical scan ballot has four basic 

component content areas:

A Election information (e.g., jurisdiction, general election, and date) 

B Ballot instructions

C Ballot navigation, including page numbers and reminders to vote on the other side 

 or go on to the next page

D Questions, including contests, retentions, and ballot measures

Each of these components is illustrated at its full size, and production 

specifi cations are included. Specifi cations are numbered from 1 through 6 .

Designers can apply specifi cations in this section to other paper ballot formats, 

such as absentee, emergency, and primary election ballots.

*The EAC does not endorse any specifi c product or vendor. The best practices illustrated 

throughout this document do not rely on specifi c software, products or vendors. For copyright 

reasons, the EAC cannot supply election offi cials with the fonts used in the InDesign fi les. 

They are available from numerous suppliers.
3.7 Design

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not make 

any marks outside of the 

oval. You do not have to vote 

in every race.

To add a candidate, fi ll in 

the oval to the left of “or 

write-in” and print the name 

clearly on the dotted line.

Insert the completed ballot 

into the ballot sleeve. Hand 

in the ballot to be counted.

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote may 

not count. If you make a 

mistake or a stray mark, 

ask for a new ballot from 

the poll workers.

Do not fold the ballot. 

Making selections

Optional write-in

Turning in the ballot

Instructions

1 / 5

Continue voting

next side

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhard

Purple

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown

or write-in:

President and

Vice-President of the 

United States

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Charlene Franz

and

Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann

and

Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock

and

Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy

and

George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray

or write-in:

State Governor and

Lieutenant-Governor

Vote for 1 pair

Vote for 1

Vote for 1 pair

Vote for 1

50% actual size

A

D

C

C

B

Optical scan ballots One language
3.8 Design

A

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

100% actual size

1

Optical scan ballots One language Election information
3.9 Optical scan ballots Design One language

A

Election information specifi cations

Information defi ning the specifi cs of the election 

should be placed above the left column of the face 

of every ballot page outside the area used by the 

voter and the scanner. Content should include the 

statement “Offi cial Ballot” along with election type, 

location, and date. Local laws may require that 

additional information be included.

Information

On ballots with space constraints, election 

information may be set at a minimum size. For ballots 

with more available space, larger type is encouraged.

Minimum size type for all: Univers 65 Bold, 

size 10 pt., leading 11 pt., tracking -20, 100% 

black, left aligned.

Maximum size type for title: Univers 65 Bold, 

size 18 pt., leading 20 pt., tracking -20, 100% 

black, left aligned.

Maximum size type for location and date: 

Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 14 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

1

Election information

Discussion 

Though this is important content, it should not 

be set so large that it affects the amount of room 

for instructions and ballot content actually used 

by the voter. 
3.10 Design

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not make 

any marks outside of the 

oval. You do not have to vote 

in every race.

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote may 

not count. If you make a 

mistake or a stray mark, 

ask for a new ballot from 

the poll workers.

Making selections

To add a candidate, fi ll in 

the oval to the left of “or 

write-in” and print the name 

clearly on the dotted line.

Optional write-in Instructions

Insert the completed ballot 

into the ballot sleeve. Hand 

in the ballot to be counted.

Do not fold the ballot. 

Turning in the ballot

4

3

2

1

5

6

Optical scan ballots One language Ballot instructions

all 100% actual size

B
3.11 Optical scan ballots Design One language

Ballot instruction specifi cations

Specifi cations for each instruction element are 

referenced by number below.

Main head

This header defi nes the complete instructions area 

for the voter. 

Fill: 100% process cyan, 0.5” height,

extends full width of the column, 0.1” above 

topmost ascender, and 0.1” below lowest baseline 

of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% white, left aligned, set 0.1” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Background fi ll

3 pt. white line between background tint and main 

head. 3 pt. white line between each instruction. 

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.1” above topmost ascender of type, 

and 0.1” below lowest baseline of type for each 

instruction.

Subhead

Begins 0.1” below top of fi ll.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.1” from 

left edge of fi ll.

Illustration

Begins 0.1” below lowest baseline of title.

Size: 0.1” inset from column width on both sides; 

height determined by most effective display of 

illustration (typically 1” to 2”).

Stroke: 0.5 pt. line, 100% black.

Instruction text

Begins 0.1” below bottom of illustration.

Type: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., leading 15 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.1” from 

left edge of fi ll.

Alerts

These should be used only for critical instructions, 

such as actions that may invalidate a voter’s ballot. 

Begins 0.1” below lowest baseline of instruction 

content.

Attention icon: 0.25” diameter, 100% process cyan, 

set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 15 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% process cyan, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll and 0.1” below Attention 

icon.

Discussion

The decision to apply color only to instructions was 

confi rmed by feedback from usability testing and 

literacy experts.

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample for 

review.

Illustrative diagrams that accurately refl ect the ballot 

type and equipment further clarify instructions and 

processes.

These illustrations are available at www.eac.gov.

Informational icons are used to draw attention to 

unique or important areas of the ballot or to improve 

the voter’s ability to scan dense information. 

Embedding ballot instructions in ballots supports 

greater voting focus and autonomy for users, as does 

the use of simple language, numbered steps, and 

clear, specifi c illustrations.

Ballot instructions, running either vertically or 

horizontally, must be self-contained and separated 

from contest data. Vertical instruction treatments 

cannot share column space with contests—test 

voters often overlooked races located immediately 

beneath vertical instructions. Horizontal instructions 

running atop vertically placed contests in columns 

require the voter to read across (instructions) and 

then down-up (contests), which adds a slight learning 

challenge compared to an all-vertical layout.

1

2

4

3

5

6

Ballot instructions

B
3.12 Optical scan ballots Design One language

Continue voting

next side

2

Continue voting

next page

3

Thank you for voting! 

Please turn in

your fi nished ballot

4

1 / 5

1

C

Ballot navigation

all 100% actual size
3.13 Optical scan ballots Design One language

Ballot navigation specifi cations

Specifi cations for each instruction element are 

referenced by number below.

Page numbering

Current and total page numbers should be placed in 

the top right corner of each face of every ballot page. 

Current page type: Univers 65 Bold, size 36 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black.

Total page type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black.

Instruction fi ll

Navigational instructions should be placed at the 

end of the fi nal column on each ballot face, to tell the 

voter what to do next.

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.1” above topmost ascender of type, and 

0.1” below lowest baseline of type.

Instruction content

Begins 0.1” below top of fi ll.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.1” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Arrow

Use the Arrow icon to direct the voter to another 

location on the ballot.

Arrow icon: 0.25” diameter, 100% black, set 0.1” 

from right edge of fi ll, centered between top and 

bottom of fi ll.

Discussion

These ballot navigation guides help the voters 

through the ballot, telling them where they are in the 

process and where to go next. 

Ballot pages should be numbered with large, bold 

numbers. 

Informational icons such as arrows and exclamation 

points (next page) can be used to draw attention to 

unique or important areas of the ballot or to improve 

the voter’s ability to scan dense information.

These informational icons are available at

www.eac.gov. 

The decision to apply color only to instructions was 

confi rmed by feedback from usability testing and 

literacy experts.

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample 

for review.

1

2

4

3

Ballot navigation

C
3.14 Optical scan ballots Design One language

Charlene Franz

and

Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann

and

Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock

and

Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy

and

George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray

or write-in:

State Governor and

Lieutenant-Governor

Vote for 1 pair

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

Board of Education 

Member:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for up to 5

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

1

2

3

4

all 100% actual size

Contest questions

D
3.15 Optical scan ballots Design One language

Contest question specifi cations

Contest question components include borders that 

separate each contest, titles, special instructions, 

candidate/ticket information, and choices.

Border

This border defi nes the top, left, and bottom sides of 

the contest component.

Top line: 3.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width 

of the column.

Left line: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black.

Bottom line: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full 

width of the column; placed 0.1” below last content 

in column.

Contest title

This header defi nes each contest question; it begins 

directly below the top border. 

Fill: 15% black, extends full width of the column, 0.1” 

above topmost ascender of type, and 0.1” below 

lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.1” 

from left edge of fi ll, centered between top and 

bottom of fi ll.

Contest instructions

This area defi nes each contest’s instructions; it 

begins directly below the header. 

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.1” above topmost ascender of type, and 

0.1” below lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.1” 

from left edge of fi ll, centered between top and 

bottom of fi ll.

1

2

4

3

Contest questions

D

Special instructions

When new or modifi ed instructions are introduced, 

they should be called out to alert the voter. These are 

set identically to standard contest instructions, with 

the addition of an Attention icon.

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.1” above topmost ascender, and 0.1” 

below lowest baseline of type.

Attention icon: 0.15” diameter, 100% process cyan, 

set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll, centered between top 

and bottom of fi ll.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.1” from 

left edge of icon, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Discussion

Informational icons such as exclamation points and 

arrows are offered to draw attention to unique or 

important areas of the ballot or to improve the voter’s 

ability to scan dense information.

These informational icons are available at

www.eac.gov. 

The use of political party icons is not encouraged, as 

literacy experts and design professionals believe they 

simply confuse many voters.

The decision to apply color only to instructions was 

confi rmed by feedback from usability testing and 

literacy experts.

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample 

for review.

The phrase “Vote for 1 pair” is recommended best 

practice by simple language experts.

Specifi cations continue on next page
3.16 Optical scan ballots Design One language

5

6

7

Contest questions, cont.

D

Charlene Franz

and

Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann

and

Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock

and

Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy

and

George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray

or write-in:

State Governor and

Lieutenant-Governor

Vote for 1 pair

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

Board of Education 

Member:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for up to 5

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

all 100% actual size
3.17 Optical scan ballots Design One language

Contest question specifi cations, continued

Candidate information

Candidate names section begins no less than 0.1” 

below bottom of instructions fi ll; on ballots with set 

selection locations, the distance may need to be 

greater. Subsequent names should begin 0.1” below 

separation line of previous candidate. Names should 

be set as close as possible to the selection location.

Name type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 

13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Party type: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., leading 

13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

On contests with a two-person ticket, the word 

“and” should be placed alone on a separate line 

between the two candidate names.

Separation line

Each candidate option should be followed by a line, 

even if it is the fi nal option in a particular contest. 

Line should be placed no less than 0.1” below the 

lowest baseline of candidate information; on ballots 

with set selection locations, the distance may need 

to be greater. Line should also be located 0.1” above 

topmost ascender of the following candidate name, if 

applicable.

Line: 0.25 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

column area allowed for candidates. 

Write-in

Begins 0.1” below fi nal line of previous candidate. 

Write-in line should be placed no less than 0.3” 

below lowest baseline of type; on ballots with set 

selection locations, the distance may need to be 

greater.

On contests with a two-person ticket, a second 

write-in line should be added. Line should be placed 

no less than 0.3” below the fi rst. Spacing before both 

lines should be equal.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Write-in line: 0.5 pt. line, dashed 4 pt./4 pt., 100% 

black, extends full width of column area allowed for 

candidates. 

5

6

7

Discussion

All candidates in any given contest should be 

given the same amount of vertical space. If one 

candidate’s name must break onto a second line, the 

vertical space for all candidates should be changed to 

match. 

Place the selection oval to the left of the candidate/

ticket name as shown on page 3.16.

D

Contest questions, cont.
3.18

Keep Elmer Hull as 

Associate Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Keep Susan Esquer as 

Associate Justice of the 

State Court of Appeals,

5th Appellate District, 

Division 2?

Keep Rita Zheng as 

Associate Justice of State 

Family Court, 3rd District?

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Vote yes or no

1

2

4

3

5

6

D

Optical scan ballots Design One language Retention questions

100% actual size
3.19 Optical scan ballots Design One language

Retention question specifi cations

Retention question components include borders 

that separate each question, titles, special 

instructions, the question, and the choices. 

Border

This border defi nes the top, left, and bottom sides 

of the question.

Top: 3.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

the column.

Left: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black.

Bottom: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width 

of the column; placed 0.1” below last content in 

column.

Retention title

This header defi nes each retention question; it 

begins directly below the top border. 

Fill: 15% black, extends full width of the column, 

0.1” above topmost ascender, and 0.1” below 

lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.1” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Retention instructions

This area defi nes each question’s instructions; it 

begins directly below the header. 

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.1” above topmost ascender, and 0.1” 

below lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.1” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Retention content

Presents the question clearly to the voter. The 

judge’s name should be bold to add emphasis. 

Begins no less than 0.1” below bottom of 

instructions fi ll.

Content type: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., leading 

15 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Name type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 

15 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

1

2

4

3

5

6

Retention questions

Retention selection options

First selection option should begin 0.2” below lowest 

baseline of content; on ballots with set selection 

locations, the distance may need to be greater. 

Subsequent options should begin 0.1” below fi nal line 

of previous option. Options should be set as close as 

possible to the selection location.

Option type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 

13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Separation line

Each selection option should be followed by a line 

to clearly defi ne it, even if it is the fi nal option in 

a particular question. Line should be placed 0.1” 

below lowest baseline of selection option; on ballots 

with set selection locations, the distance may need 

to be greater. Line should also be located 0.1” 

above topmost ascender of the following option, if 

applicable.

Line: 0.25 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

column area allowed for selection options. 

Discussion

The decision to apply color only to instructions was 

confi rmed by feedback from usability testing and 

literacy experts.

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample 

for review.

All names in any given retention question should 

be given the same amount of vertical space. If one 

candidate’s name must break onto a second line, the 

vertical space for all candidates should be changed to 

match. 

Place the selection oval to the left of the judge’s 

name as shown on page 3.18.

D
3.20 Optical scan ballots Design One language

Requires primary elections where voters may vote for any state or federal candidate 

regardless of party registration of voter or candidate. The two primary-election 

candidates receiving most votes for an offi ce, whether they are candidates with no 

party or members of same or different party, would be listed on general election ballot. 

Exempts presidential nominations. Fiscal Impact: No signifi cant net fi scal effect on state 

and local governments.

Yes

No

Allows individual or class action “unfair business” lawsuits only if actual loss suffered; 

only government offi cials may enforce these laws on public’s behalf. Fiscal Impact: 

Unknown state fi scal impact depending on whether the measure increases or 

decreases court workload and the extent to which diverted funds are replaced. 

Unknown potential costs to local governments, depending on the extent to which 

diverted funds are replaced.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 101: Open Primaries

Vote yes or no

Ballot Measure 106:

Limits on Private Enforcement of Unfair Business Competition Laws

Vote yes or no

1

2

4

3

5

6

D

Ballot measures

100% actual size
3.21 Optical scan ballots Design One language

Ballot measure specifi cations

Ballot measure components include borders that 

separate each question, titles, instructions, the 

question, and the choices.

Border

This border defi nes the top, left, and bottom sides 

of the question.

Top: 3.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

the ballot measure area.

Left: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black.

Bottom: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width 

of the ballot measure area; placed 0.1” below last 

content in ballot measure area.

Ballot measure title

This header defi nes each ballot measure question; 

it begins directly below the top border. 

Fill: 15% black, extends full width of the ballot 

measure area, 0.1” above topmost ascender, and 

0.1” below lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.1” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Ballot measure instructions

This area defi nes each question’s instructions; it 

begins directly below the header. 

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

ballot measure area, 0.1” above topmost ascender, 

and 0.1” below lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.1” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Ballot measure content

Presents the ballot measure question clearly to the 

voter; it begins no less than 0.1” below bottom of 

instructions fi ll, set 0.1” from left border. In a twocolumn ballot measure area, space for text should 

extend to 0.1” from the right edge of the ballot 

measure area. In a three-column ballot measure 

area, the space for text should extend no wider 

than 6”. 

Content type: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., leading 

15 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

1

2

4

3

5

6

Ballot measures

D

Ballot measure selection options

First selection option should begin 0.2” below lowest 

baseline of content; on ballots with set selection 

locations, the distance may need to be greater. 

Subsequent options should begin 0.1” below fi nal line 

of previous option. Options should be set as close as 

possible to the selection location, ideally in the leftmost column of the ballot measure area.

Option type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 

pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Separation line

Each selection option should be followed by a line 

to clearly defi ne it, even if it is the fi nal option in 

a particular question. Line should be placed 0.1” 

below lowest baseline of selection option; on ballots 

with set selection locations, the distance may need 

to be greater. Line should also be located 0.1” 

above topmost ascender of the following option, if 

applicable.

Line: 0.25 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

ballot measure area allowed for selection options.

Discussion

A primary voter criticism of ballots is the length 

and complexity of ballot measure questions. It is 

imperative that these questions be written in the 

simplest language possible. Many jurisdictions also 

provide summaries. 

The typesetting of the ballot measure text is critical. 

Too many or too few characters per line inhibit 

legibility and comprehension. The goal should be 40–

60 characters per line. Research indicates that many 

users fi nd line lengths of more than 60 characters or 

less than 20 characters hard to read. 

There is a direct relationship between type size and 

line spacing (leading). Lines of type that are too close 

together inhibit legibility and comprehension (as do 

lines that are too far apart). Ballot measure content 

in these best practices are set at 12 points, with 2 

points of leading.

The decision to apply color only to instructions was 

confi rmed by feedback from usability testing and 

literacy experts.

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample for 

review.
3.22 Optical scan ballots

Samples: one language 

Optical scan ballot design best practices are applied to one-language variations on 

pages 3.23–3.33. The variations include two ballot styles, a one-color version and 

an Asian-language version. 

Specifi cations that vary from those outlined previously are included. The samples 

illustrate the fl exibility of the design best practices.

The sample Chinese text in this section has been professionally translated, but 

translations do not refl ect a specifi c elections expertise.

Electronic files 

The electronic fi les that were used to create these best practices are available at 

www.eac.gov.

They are provided in two formats: Acrobat (.pdf) and InDesign (.indd).*

Each item has a unique identifi cation number and fi le name. For example, 

the Acrobat fi le of the illustration on the next page is “OpScan_1L_VersionA.pdf.”

How to work with the samples and electronic fi les

The Acrobat fi les can be printed on an offi ce printer (depending on paper size), or 

by a local vendor with digital printing capabilities (printing fi rms and copy shops 

often have digital printing capabilities). Printed versions of these samples will serve 

as an important reference during the ballot design and production process.

InDesign fi les are template fi les that can be edited. The illustrative diagrams used 

in the InDesign fi les are also available at www.eac.gov. These fi les end with 

“.eps” and can also be edited. Access to Adobe InDesign page layout software 

and to software that can edit .eps fi les (e.g., Adobe Illustrator) is necessary. 

Working with a designer who has access to—and expertise in—these software 

programs is recommended.

Alternatively, these items can be recreated in other page layout programs using 

the production specifi cations provided on pages 3.6–3.21; the Acrobat .pdf fi les 

as a visual guide; and, if appropriate, the illustration fi les provided. Using nonlayout 

programs, such as those commonly used to write text-only documents, is not 

appropriate or recommended. 

*The EAC does not endorse any specifi c product or vendor. The best practices illustrated 

throughout this document do not rely on specifi c software, products, or vendors. For copyright 

reasons, the EAC cannot supply election offi cials with the fonts used in the InDesign fi les. 

They are available from numerous suppliers.
3.23 Optical scan ballots One language

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not make 

any marks outside of the 

oval. You do not have to vote 

in every race.

To add a candidate, fi ll in 

the oval to the left of “or 

write-in” and print the name 

clearly on the dotted line.

Insert the completed ballot 

into the ballot sleeve. Hand 

in the ballot to be counted.

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote may 

not count. If you make a 

mistake or a stray mark, 

ask for a new ballot from 

the poll workers.

Do not fold the ballot. 

Making selections

Optional write-in

Turning in the ballot

Instructions

1 / 5

Continue voting

next side

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhard

Purple

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown

or write-in:

President and

Vice-President of the 

United States

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Charlene Franz

and

Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann

and

Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock

and

Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy

and

George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray

or write-in:

State Governor and

Lieutenant-Governor

Vote for 1 pair

Vote for 1

Vote for 1 pair

Vote for 1

50% actual size

Samples Version A

File name

OpScan_1L_VersionA

See pages 3.8–3.21 

for detailed production 

specifi cations. 
3.24 Optical scan ballots One language

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 3 / 5

Continue voting

next side

Proposed Constitutional Amendment C:

Increased Tobacco Taxes

Yes

No

Keep Robert Demergue as 

Chief Justice of the

State Supreme Court?

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Shall state taxes be increased $175 million annually 

through additional tobacco taxes imposed for health related 

purposes, and, in connection therewith, amending the 

State constitution to increase statewide taxes on the sale 

of cigarettes by wholesalers of three and two-tenths cents 

per cigarette and on the sale, use, consumption, handling, 

or distribution of other tobacco products by distributors at 

the rate of twenty percent of the manufacturer’s list price; 

increasing such tobacco taxes effective January 1, 2005; 

requiring annual appropriations of specifi ed percentages of 

the additional tobacco tax revenues to expand eligibility for 

and increase enrollment in the children’s basic health plan, to 

fund comprehensive primary medical care through certain 

State qualifi ed providers, tobacco education programs, and 

prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer and 

cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, to compensate 

the state general fund, the old age pension fund, and local 

governments for tobacco tax losses resulting from reduced 

sales of cigarettes and tobacco products; specifying that the 

appropriations of additional tobacco tax revenues shall be in 

addition to and not substituted for appropriations for such 

programs on January 1, 2005; allowing the use of additional 

tobacco tax revenues for any health related purpose and to 

serve populations enrolled in the children’s basic health plan 

and the state medical assistance program as of January 

1, 2005, upon a declaration of a state fi scal emergency by 

two-thirds of the members of each house of the general 

assembly and the governor; prohibiting the repeal or reduction 

of existing taxes imposed on cigarettes and other tobacco 

products; excluding all additional tobacco tax revenues from 

fi scal year spending for purposes of section 20 of Article X 

of the State constitution; and exempting appropriations of 

additional tobacco tax revenues from the statutory limitation 

on general fund appropriations growth or any other existing 

spending limitation?

Vote yes or no

Keep Elmer Hull as 

Associate Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Keep Susan Esquer as 

Associate Justice of the 

State Court of Appeals,

5th Appellate District, 

Division 2?

Keep Rita Zheng as 

Associate Justice of State 

Family Court, 3rd District?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment D:

Recovery of Damages Relating to Construction

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution 

concerning recovery of damages relating to construction of 

real property improvements, and, in connection therewith, 

prohibiting laws that limit or impair a property owner’s right 

to recover damages caused by a failure to construct an 

improvement in a good and workmanlike manner; defi ning 

“good and workmanlike manner” to include construction 

that is suitable for its intended purposes; and permitting 

exceptions for laws that limit punitive damages, afford 

governmental immunity, or impose time limits of specifi ed 

minimum lengths on fi ling lawsuits?

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

Samples Version A

File name

OpScan_1L_VersionA

See pages 3.8–3.21 

for detailed production 

specifi cations. 

50% actual size
3.25 Optical scan ballots One language

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 5 / 5

Directs the Madison County Public Safety Authority, a building authority incorporated by 

Madison County and the City of Ijamsville pursuant to Section 346.27 of the State Code, 

for the purpose of acquiring, destroying, demolishing, improving, enlarging, equipping, 

furnishing, repairing, maintaining and operating one or more public buildings for the joint 

use of the County, the City or any school district which is part of the County, to issue its 

revenue bonds in an amount not exceeding $29,700,000 for the purpose of acquiring, 

constructing, furnishing, equipping, renovating and expanding existing jail facilities for 

the joint use of the County and the City.

Yes

No

Thank you for voting! 

Please turn in

your fi nished ballot

Shall regional transportation district taxes be increased $158.34 million annually and by 

whatever additional amounts are raised annually thereafter by increasing the rate of sales 

tax levied by the district by four-tenths of one percent, from the current six-tenths of 

one percent to one percent commencing January 1, 2005 and, in connection therewith, 

shall regional transportation district debt be increased $3.477 billion, with a repayment 

cost of $7.129 billion with all proceeds of debt and taxes to be used and spent for the 

construction and operation of a fi xed guide way mass transit system, the construction 

of additional park-n-ride lots, the expansion and improvement of existing park-n-ride lots, 

and increased bus service, including the use of smaller buses and vans and alternative 

fuel vehicles as appropriate, as specifi ed in the transit expansion plan adopted by the 

board of directors of the district on or before April 22, 2004 and shall debt be evidenced 

by bonds, notes, or other multiple-fi scal year obligations including refunding bonds that 

may be issued as a lower or higher rate of interest and including debt that may have a 

redemption prior to maturity with or without payment of a premium, payable from all 

revenues generated by said tax increase, federal funds, investment income, public and 

private contributions, and other revenues as the board may determine, and with such 

revenues raised by the sales tax rate increase and the proceeds of debt obligations and 

any investment income on such revenues and proceeds being exempt from the revenue 

and spending restrictions contained in section 20 of Article X of the State constitution 

until such time as all debt is repaid when the rate of tax will be decreased to that amount 

necessary for the continued operation of the system but not less than six-tenths of one 

percent?”

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 111: Revenue Bonds for Renovation of Madison County Jail Facilities

Vote yes or no

Ballot Measure 114: Financing for Mass Transit

Vote yes or no

50% actual size

File name

OpScan_1L_VersionA

See pages 3.8–3.21 

for detailed production 

specifi cations. 

Samples Version A
3.26 Optical scan ballots One language

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials ________ ________

1 / 8

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne

and

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown

or write-in:

President and Vice-President 

of the United States

Vote for 1 pair

Instructions

Do not cross out or erase, or your 

vote may not count. If you make a 

mistake or a stray mark, ask for a 

new ballot from the poll workers.

Do not fold the ballot. 

Make a line to connect the arrow to the 

right of the name of your choice. Do not 

make any marks outside of the arrow. 

You do not have to vote in every race.

Making selections

To add a candidate, fi ll in the oval to 

the left of “or write-in” and print the 

name clearly on the dotted line.

Optional write-in

Insert the completed ballot into the 

ballot sleeve. Hand the ballot in to be 

counted.

Turning in the ballot

Continue voting

next side

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Charlene Franz

and

Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann

and

Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock

and

Charles Qualey

Orange

or write-in:

State Governor and

Lieutenant-Governor

Vote for 1 pair

Vote for 1

50% actual size

1

2

3

4

Samples Version B

File name

OpScan_1L_VersionB

See pages 3.8–3.21 

for additional production 

specifi cations. 
3.27 Optical scan ballots One language

Version B specifi cations

Alterations to the specifi cations noted on pages 

3.8–3.21 are noted below.

Election information 

If space allows, the election information component 

may be made larger so the voter can easily identify 

it. See page 3.9 for more information on this 

component.

Voting instructions

Both text and illustrations of the voting instructions 

should be developed to correspond precisely with 

the details of your particular ballot. See page 3.11 for 

more information about this component.

Variations in selection method

On some ballot types, the selection location is to the 

right of the candidate’s name. In these cases, place 

the selection options 0.1” from the left border of the 

column. 

Ballot navigation

In certain circumstances, navigation instructions may 

not be allowed in “active” or “live” areas of the ballot. 

In these cases, place the instructions as close to the 

bottom of the rightmost column as permitted.

1

2

4

3

Samples Version B
3.28 Optical scan ballots One language

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials ________ ________

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 4 / 5

Proposed Constitutional Amendment H: Limit of Damages for Health Care Providers

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution allowing the State legislature to enact laws limiting the amount 

of damages for noneconomic loss that could be awarded for injury or death caused by a health care provider?

“Noneconomic loss” generally includes, but is not limited to, losses such as pain and suffering, inconvenience, mental 

anguish, loss of capacity for enjoyment of life, loss of consortium, and other losses the claimant is entitled to recover 

as damages under general law. This amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of damages for ecomonic 

loss under State law. “Economic loss” generally includes, but is not limited to, monetary losses such as past and 

future medical expenses, loss of past and future earnings, loss of use of property, costs of repair or replacement, the 

economic value of domestic services, loss of employment or business opportunities. This amendment will not in any 

way affect the recovery of any additional damages known under State law as exemplary or punitive damages, which 

are damages allowed by law to punish a defendant and to deter persons from engaging in similar conduct in the future.

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment K: Slot Machines in Madison/Fromwit Counties

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution authorizing Madison and Fromwit Counties to hold referenda 

on whether to authorize slot machines in existing, licensed parimutuel facilities (thoroughbred and harness racing, 

greyhound racing, and jai alai) that have conducted live racing or games in that county during each of the last two 

calendar years before effective date of this amendment?

The Legislature may tax slot machine revenues, and any such taxes must supplement public education funding 

statewide. Requires implementing legislation. This amendment alone has no fi scal impact on government. If slot 

machines are authorized in Madison or Fromwit counties, governmental costs associated with additional gambling 

will increase by an unknown amount and local sales tax-related revenues will be reduced by $5 milliion to $8 million 

annually. If the Legislature also chooses to tax slot machine revenues, state tax revenues from Madison and Fromwit 

counties combined would range from $200 million to $500 million annually.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 101: Open Primaries

Requires primary elections where voters may vote for any state or federal candidate regardless of party registration 

of voter or candidate. The two primary-election candidates receiving most votes for an offi ce, whether they are 

candidates with no party or members of same or different party, would be listed on general election ballot. Exempts 

presidential nominations. Fiscal Impact: No signifi cant net fi scal effect on state and local governments.

Yes

No

Continue voting

next page

Vote yes or no

50% actual size

1

Samples Version B

File name

OpScan_1L_VersionB

See pages 3.8–3.21 

for additional production 

specifi cations. 
3.29 Optical scan ballots One language

Version B specifi cations, continued

Alterations to the specifi cations on pages 3.8–3.21 

are noted below.

Ballot measure selection options

On some ballot types, the selection options for 

multiple-column questions are placed only in the 

rightmost column of the ballot measure area. In these 

cases, the separation lines should extend only 

the width of that column. See page 3.11 

for more information about this component.

1

Samples Version B
3.30 Optical scan ballots One language

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not make 

any marks outside of the 

oval. You do not have to vote 

in every race.

To add a candidate, fi ll in 

the oval to the left of “or 

write-in” and print the name 

clearly on the dotted line.

Insert the completed ballot 

into the ballot sleeve. Hand 

in the ballot to be counted.

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote may 

not count. If you make a 

mistake or a stray mark, 

ask for a new ballot from 

the poll workers.

Do not fold the ballot. 

Making selections

Optional write-in

Turning in the ballot

Instructions

1 / 5

Continue voting

next side

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhard

Purple

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown

or write-in:

President and

Vice-President of the 

United States

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Charlene Franz

and

Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann

and

Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock

and

Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy

and

George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray

or write-in:

State Governor and

Lieutenant-Governor

Vote for 1 pair

Vote for 1

Vote for 1 pair

Vote for 1

50% actual size

1

2

3

4

Samples One-color version

File name

OpScan_1L_1Color

See pages 3.8–3.21 

for additional production 

specifi cations. 
3.31 Optical scan ballots One language

One-color version specifi cations

If circumstances dictate that ballots be printed in only 

one color, certain adjustments should be made to the 

specifi cations. 

Instruction title

Rather than process cyan, this title should be 

100% black.

Instructional fi lls

For all background fi lls, change from process cyan to 

10% black. This includes the fi lls used with all ballot 

instructions, question instructions, and all navigational 

instructions. 

Attention icons

Rather than process cyan, all Attention icons should 

be 100% black. This includes icons for critical ballot 

instructions, as well as special question instructions.

Question titles

To create appropriate contrast with question 

instructions, question title fi lls should be 20% black, 

rather than the 15% black used on two-color ballots.

1

2

3

4

Samples One-color version
3.32 Optical scan ballots One language

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______

ಣ᎛͹ϸӟ୯

䡷ͦ؂ಢ̷Θçಢಣع൫㚯ᅮፐ

Ϸ̈̆çݷಮʆ

Chinese

ቂธြલ᎛ያࡶڅ᎛ʇβϫ

ͤਵڅጁฑӂéલͬෞઆ༴

ጁฑҭθต෩çˀ࠲ϛጁฑ

ᆥ৪éલˀڅᘄਮήъ͚څ

ͬ੊̷Ӷɿቮڅӟ୯é

ᅎ̷ɿуࡶ᎛ʇçቂธ

ြī׼༪᎛Ĭͤਵڅጁฑç

Քϛᓮۇٴʔξ㣣ʖଢತϚΈ

υջᝃธᅞյֽβ

ቂઆዲડ᎛୯ҭθ؟ʉ᎛୯

ےேéʖᗚ᎛୯̤բ࠴ၽ

ب切

ቂˀ࠲ตӣèᐈ؇çˀ೹લ

څӟ୯๢௃ං伡೸ःéϩش

ഛ·ธᅞᎥიݶ׼ϛตᅞई

у໰ഛ·਷ᕺçቂϏച৪ழ

᎛څɿડ๙࠲ঝ࢝ɹіʇڅ

୯é

1 / 4

ϛʔɿࡓᙝᚯӟ୯

߾ສ˯ë˷ྡ

֝

߾ສ˯ëऻੀࡽ

ᕈй

ՙັëѠ൦Ꮬ

֝

थྐथëၱฟ߱ު

෧й

॑ࣥ㚯ëЩ͡˃

֝

кУëͦ؂ֹ܊ᅮ

ിй

ࣥͦë̂㚯ۇ

֝

གྷֹʧëሁ

ዼй

ฟಢʁëҺ㚱ᅮͦᚲᅮ

֝

གྷֹʧëႶຫࡁ

গߺй

ਡʁëך॑ಸ

֝

Ѡ൦ë؂ຫ႖㚱

йۂ

Φᘱ஢Ώë߉܊

֝

κЂឝëగಡჱ

Ой

ਡጏՋëךॗχၓ

֝

ܪၓྙë඘㚯ಣಢ

ಱй

׼༪᎛í

ͦ؂ᅮëಣ؂̀॑

ᕈй

ͦ؂ᅮëಣ؂̀॑

෧й

॑ࢭᅮëͦ؂

ിй

थ൦ࣥëః͡

ዼй

̀ު㚯ëၱྐಢ॑

গߺй

׼༪᎛í

ӹഅëͫओ৙

֝

ѠՎಢëᎁјथ

ᕈй

గੀᅮë܊Վಢ

֝

κس͡ëިѠಢ

෧й

അསë˷थੋ

֝

ཕؤಢë̷пՙ

ിй

ᅮЩѠࢫë؂ڨڨ

֝

㚯ಢëЩѧދ

ዼй

̀ᘱëಢ༇㚯ఢ㚯

֝

఼٣ëᎹ႖ಢ

গߺй

ͫྐᅮՎѠëࢭಣ

֝

ј॑ëጏѠ

Ой

׼༪᎛í

ࠁ੣ᑨ஁֝ਿᑨ஁

ӟ୯᎛ճуࡶ᎛ʇ

࢝㦍ᙰਗ㦍ᙰ੣ࠁ

ӟ୯᎛ɿуࡶ᎛ʇ

ۃਿΘ֝ۃΘ

ӟ୯᎛ճуࡶ᎛ʇ

˃͡ಢëܪ㚯ၱᅮ

ᕈй

ఢࢫᅮëႶຫಢ

෧й

Һ㚯႖ՙëຉ॑Ԉಢ

ྙݷ٘

ിй

߾ፗëღၱ॑ಸ

ዼй

႖ѠЂëਡʁ䡷ಢ

গߺй

Һສëٖࡁՙ

йۂ

׼༪᎛í

࢝ᙰ੊ᙰਗ੣੊ࠁ

ӟ୯᎛ɿуࡶ᎛ʇ

ቂsӝᛸ᎛୯

᎛ያ

ήิڅ༪᎛

ʖᗚ᎛୯

50% actual size

1

2

3

4

Samples Asian language version

File name

OpScan_1L_Asian

See pages 3.8–3.21 

for additional production 

specifi cations. 
3.33 Optical scan ballots One language

Asian language versions

When single-language ballots are produced with 

Asian languages, the following areas need additional 

consideration: 

Typeface choices

Non-Western typefaces should be selected on the 

basis of simplicity, compatibility with the Univers type 

family, and cultural appropriateness. In the application 

shown, LeHei Pro is used for Chinese.

Instructional illustrations

Make sure that instructional illustrations accurately 

refl ect the language being used on the specifi c ballot. 

Candidate names

All ballot text should be translated, and candidate and 

political party names transliterated.

Language indication

Though all poll workers are assumed to speak 

English, not all will be able to identify the language 

on a non-English ballot. Non-English ballots should 

include this block to identify the language. The block 

should be placed near the bottom right-hand corner 

of the ballot, as far from ballot content as possible.

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of 

one column, 0.1” above topmost ascender, and 0.1” 

below lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., leading 13 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, center aligned, centered 

between top and bottom of fi ll.

1

2

4

3

Samples Asian language version

Discussion

Translators ensure proper grammatical, syntactic, 

and structural character of the content and 

appropriate use of local dialect variations. Obviously, 

accurate translations are vital for non-Englishspeaking voters. Online translations are often 

misleading, unclear, or simply wrong. The EAC can 

provide some model translations.

A cultural expert can review translated material 

to ensure that the translations are accurate and 

culturally relevant, and that their visual presentation is 

appropriate. 

Depending on State or local law, transliteration 

of candidate names into the appropriate Asian 

characters may or may not be required. When 

transliterating names, consultation with a language 

expert is recommended. Care should be taken to use 

the most standard characters, and make sure that 

overall there are neither overtly positive nor overtly 

negative meanings in the sound-based characters.

The sample shown on page 3.32 has the candidate 

names transliterated into Chinese.
3.34 Optical scan ballots

Design: two languages

On pages 3.35–3.49, design best practices for a general election two-language 

ballot are illustrated. Production specifi cations and discussion notes are 

provided—including typeface,* type size, leading, line weights, tint fi lls, and 

distances between elements. 

The ballot content used in these samples was originally developed by NIST to 

illustrate a “moderately complex” ballot. Although it is impossible to cover every 

ballot scenario, most general election ballot layout issues can be addressed using 

these designs.

Components 

As illustrated on the following page, an optical scan ballot has four basic 

component content areas:

A Election information (e.g., jurisdiction, general election, and date) 

B Ballot instructions

C Ballot navigation, including page numbers and reminders to vote on the other side 

 or go on to the next page

D Questions, including contests, retentions, and ballot measures

Each of these components is illustrated at its full size, and production 

specifi cations are included. Specifi cations are numbered from 1 through 6 .

Designers can apply specifi cations in this section to other paper ballot formats, 

such as absentee, emergency, and primary election ballots.

*The EAC does not endorse any specifi c product or vendor. The best practices illustrated 

throughout this document do not rely on specifi c software, products, or vendors. For copyright 

reasons, the EAC cannot supply election offi cials with the fonts used in the InDesign fi les. 

They are available from numerous suppliers.
3.35 Design

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______ English / Spanish

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Papeleta Ofi cial para las Elecciones Generales

Condado de Springfi eld, Nebraska

Martes, 7 de noviembre de 2006

Do not fold the ballot.

No doble la papeleta. 

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not 

make any marks outside 

of the oval. You do not 

have to vote in every race.

Rellene el óvalo que está 

a la izquierda del nombre 

de su preferencia. Deberá 

rellenar el óvalo totalmente y 

no hacer ninguna otra marca 

fuera del óvalo. No tiene que 

votar en todas las contiendas.

Instructions

Instrucciones

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote 

may not count. If you 

make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

No tache o borre, pues 

esto podría invalidar su 

voto. Si comete un error 

o hace alguna otra marca, 

pida una papeleta nueva 

a uno de los trabajadores 

electorales.

1 / 8

Continue voting

next side

Continúe votando

al otro lado

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue / Azul

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow / Amarillo

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhardt

Purple / Púrpura

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange / Naranja

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink / Rosa

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold / Oro

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray / Gris

Charles Layne

and

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua / Agua

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown / Marrón

or write-in 

o por escrito:

Dennis Weiford

Blue / Azul

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow / Amarillo

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple / Púrpura

John Hewetson

Orange / Naranja

Victor Martinez

Pink / Rosa

Heather Portier

Gold / Oro

or write-in

o por escrito:

U.S. Senator

Senador de EEUU

Vote for 1 / Vote por 1

President and

Vice-President of the 

United States

Presidente y vicepresidente

de los Estados Unidos

Vote por 1 par

Brad Plunkard

Blue / Azul

Bruce Reeder

Yellow / Amarillo

Brad Schott

Purple / Púrpura

Glen Tawney

Orange / Naranja

Carroll Forrest

Pink / Rosa

or write-in 

o por escrito:

U.S. Representative

Representante de EEUU

Vote for 1 / Vote por 1

Making selections

Haga sus selecciones

To add a candidate, fi ll 

in the oval to the left of 

“or write-in” and print 

the name clearly on the 

dotted line.

Para agregar un candidato, 

rellene el óvalo a la izquierda 

del espacio designado ‘o por 

escrito’ y escriba claramente 

el nombre de la persona en 

la línea punteada.

Insert the completed 

ballot into the ballot 

sleeve. Hand in the ballot 

to be counted.

Cuando termine de votar, 

introduzca la papeleta en la 

funda protectora y entréguela para ser contada.

Optional write-in

Voto opcional por escrito

Turning in the ballot

Entregue la papeleta

Vote for 1 pair

50% actual size

A

D

C

C

B

Optical scan ballots Two languages
3.36 Design

A

100% actual size

1

Optical scan ballots Two languages Election information

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Papeleta Ofi cial para las Elecciones Generales

Condado de Springfi eld, Nebraska

Martes, 7 de noviembre de 2006
3.37 Optical scan ballots Design

A

Election information specifi cations

Information defi ning the specifi cs of the election 

should be placed above the left column of the face 

of every ballot page outside the area used by the 

voter and the scanner. Content should include the 

statement “Offi cial Ballot,” along with election type, 

location, and date. The second language should be to 

the right of the fi rst, in line with the second column. 

Local laws may require that additional information be 

included.

Election information

On ballots with space constraints, election 

information may be set at a minimum size. For ballots 

with more available space, larger type is encouraged.

Minimum size type for all, Language One: Univers 65 

Bold, size 10 pt., leading 11 pt., tracking -20, 100% 

black, left aligned.

Minimum size type for all, Language Two: Univers 45 

Light, size 10 pt., leading 11 pt., tracking -20, 100% 

black, left aligned.

Maximum size type for title, Language One: Univers 

65 Bold, size 18 pt., leading 20 pt., tracking -20, 100% 

black, left aligned.

Maximum size type for title, Language Two: Univers 

45 Light, size 18 pt., leading 20 pt., tracking -20, 

100% black, left aligned.

Maximum size type for location and date, Language 

One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 14 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Maximum size type for location and date, Language 

Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., leading 14 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Language Two information should be set no less than 

0.2” directly to the right of the longest Language One 

line of type.

1

Two languages Election information

Discussion

Though this is important content, it should not be set 

so large that it affects the amount of room left for 

instructions and ballot content actually used by the 

voter.
3.38 Design

4

3

2

1

5

6

Optical scan ballots Two languages Ballot instructions

all 100% actual size

B

To add a candidate, fi ll 

in the oval to the left of 

“or write-in” and print 

the name clearly on the 

dotted line.

Para agregar un candidato, 

rellene el óvalo a la izquierda 

del espacio designado ‘o por 

escrito’ y escriba claramente 

el nombre de la persona en 

la línea punteada.

Optional write-in

Voto opcional por escrito

Instructions

Instrucciones

Do not fold the ballot.

No doble la papeleta. 

Insert the completed 

ballot into the ballot 

sleeve. Hand in the ballot 

to be counted.

Cuando termine de votar, 

introduzca la papeleta en la 

funda protectora y entréguela para ser contada.

Turning in the ballot

Entregue la papeleta

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not 

make any marks outside 

of the oval. You do not 

have to vote in every race.

Rellene el óvalo que está 

a la izquierda del nombre 

de su preferencia. Deberá 

rellenar el óvalo totalmente y 

no hacer ninguna otra marca 

fuera del óvalo. No tiene que 

votar en todas las contiendas.

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote 

may not count. If you 

make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

No tache o borre, pues 

esto podría invalidar su 

voto. Si comete un error 

o hace alguna otra marca, 

pida una papeleta nueva 

a uno de los trabajadores 

electorales.

Making selections

Haga sus selecciones
3.39 Optical scan ballots Design

Ballot instruction specifi cations

Specifi cations for each element in a section are 

referenced by number below.

Main head

This header defi nes the complete instructions area 

for the voter. 

Fill: 100% process cyan, 0.5” height, extends full 

width of the column, 0.1” above topmost ascender, 

and 0.1” below lowest baseline of type.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 

pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% white, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 

pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% white, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Do not add additional space between languages. 

Type is centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

Background fi ll

3 pt. white line between background tint and main 

head. 3 pt. white line between each instruction.

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.1” above topmost ascender of type, 

and 0.1” below lowest baseline of type for each 

instruction.

Subhead

Begins 0.1” below top of fi ll.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 

pt., leading 15 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 

pt., leading 15 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Do not add additional space between languages.

Illustration

Begins 0.1” below lowest baseline of title.

Size: 0.1” inset from column width on both sides; 

height determined by most effective display of 

illustration (typically 1” to 2”).

Stroke: 0.5 pt. line, 100% black.

Instruction text

Begins 0.1” below bottom of illustration.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., 

leading 15 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., 

leading 15 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Space between languages should be 0.1”.

Alerts

These should be used only for critical instructions, 

such as actions that may invalidate a voter’s ballot. 

Begins 0.1” below lowest baseline of instruction 

content.

Attention icon: 0.25” diameter, 100% process cyan, 

set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., 

leading 15 pt., tracking -20, 100% process cyan, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll and 0.1” below 

Attention icon.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., 

leading 15 pt., tracking -20, 100% process cyan, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Space between languages should be 0.1”.

Discussion

The decision to apply color only to instructions was 

confi rmed by feedback from usability testing and 

literacy experts.

Illustrative diagrams that accurately refl ect the ballot 

type and equipment further clarify instructions and 

processes.

Informational icons are used to draw attention to 

unique or important areas of the ballot or to improve 

the voter’s ability to scan dense information. 

Embedding ballot instructions in ballots supports 

greater voting focus and autonomy for users, as does 

the use of simple language, numbered steps, and 

clear, specifi c illustrations. Ballot instructions, running 

either vertically or horizontally, must be self-contained 

and separated from contest data. Vertical instruction 

treatments cannot share column space with 

contests—test voters often overlooked races located 

immediately beneath vertical instructions. Horizontal 

instructions running atop vertically placed contests in 

columns require the voter to read across (instructions) 

and then down-up (contests), which adds a slight 

learning challenge compared to an all-vertical layout.

1

2

4

3

5

6

Ballot instructions

B

Two languages
3.40 Optical scan ballots Design

Ofi cial para las Elecciones Generales

de Springfi eld, Nebraska

7 de noviembre de 2006 1 / 8

2

3 4

1

C

Ballot navigation

all 100% actual size

Two languages

Continue voting

next side

Continúe votando

al otro lado

Continue voting

next page

Continúe votando en

la próxima página

Thank you for voting! 

Please turn in your 

fi nished ballot

¡Gracias por votar! 

Entregue su papeleta a un 

trabajador electoral
3.41 Optical scan ballots Design

Ballot navigation specifi cations

Specifi cations for each instruction element are 

referenced by number below.

Page numbering

Current and total page numbers should be placed in 

the top right corner of each face of every ballot page. 

Current page type: Univers 65 Bold, size 36 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black.

Total page type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., tracking 

-20, 100% black.

Instruction fi ll

Navigational instructions should be placed at the 

end of the fi nal column on each ballot face, to tell the 

voter what to do next.

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.1” above topmost ascender of type, and 

0.1” below lowest baseline of type.

Instruction content

Begins 0.1” below top of fi ll.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., 

leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., 

leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Do not add additional space between languages. 

Type is centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

Arrow

Use the Arrow icon when directing the voter to 

another location on the ballot.

Arrow icon: 0.25” diameter, 100% black, set 0.1” 

from right edge of fi ll, centered between top and 

bottom of fi ll.

1

2

4

3

Ballot navigation

C

Two languages

Discussion

These ballot navigation guides help move voters 

through the ballot, telling them where they are in the 

process and where to go next. 

Ballot pages should be numbered with large, bold 

numbers to aid in ballot completion. 

Informational icons such as arrows and exclamation 

points (next page) are offered to draw attention to 

unique or important areas of the ballot or to improve 

the voter’s ability to scan dense information.

These informational icons are available at

www.eac.gov. 

The decision to apply color only to instructions was 

confi rmed by feedback from usability testing and 

literacy experts.

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample 

for review.
3.42 Optical scan ballots Design

1

2

3

4

all 100% actual size

Contest questions

D

Two languages

Charlene Franz

and

Chris Norberg

Blue / Azul

Gerard Harris

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow / Amarillo

Linda Bargmann

and

Luis Garcia

Purple / Púrpura

Barbara Adcock

and

Charles Qualey

Orange / Naranja

Carrie Steel-Loy

and

George Hovis

Pink / Rosa

Frederick Sharp

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray / Gris

or write-in 

o por escrito:

State Governor and

Lieutenant-Governor

Gobernador y

Vicegobernador

Vote por 1 par

Vote for 1 pair

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

Board of Education 

Member:

City of Springfi eld

Miembro de la Comisión de 

Educación:

Ciudad de Springfi eld

Vote for up to 5

Vote por un máximo de 5

Dennis Weiford

Blue / Azul

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow / Amarillo

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple / Púrpura

John Hewetson

Orange / Naranja

Victor Martinez

Pink / Rosa

Heather Portier

Gold / Oro

or write-in

o por escrito:

U.S. Senator

Senador de EEUU

Vote for 1 / Vote por 1
3.43 Optical scan ballots Design

A

Contest question specifi cations

Contest question components include borders that 

separate each contest, titles, special instructions, 

candidate/ticket information, and choices.

Border

This border defi nes the top, left, and bottom sides 

of the contest.

Top: 3.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

the column.

Left: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black.

Bottom: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width 

of the column; placed 0.1” below last content in 

column.

Contest title

This header defi nes each contest question; it 

begins directly below the top border. 

Fill: 15% black, extends full width of the column, 

0.1” above topmost ascender, and 0.1” below 

lowest baseline of type.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 

12 pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, 

left aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 

12 pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, 

left aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Do not add additional space between languages. 

Type is centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

Contest instructions

This area defi nes each contest’s instructions; it 

begins directly below the header.

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.1” above topmost ascender, and 0.1” 

below lowest baseline of type.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 

12 pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, 

left aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 

12 pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, 

left aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Use a forward slash to separate languages if both fi t 

on a single line. If they are on separate lines, do not 

add additional space between languages. Type 

is centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

1

2

4

3

D

Special instructions

When new or modifi ed instructions are introduced, 

they should be called out to alert the voter. These are 

set identically to standard contest instructions, with 

the addition of an Attention icon.

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.1” above topmost ascender, and 0.1” 

below lowest baseline of type.

Attention icon: 0.15” diameter, 100% process cyan, 

set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll, centered between top 

and bottom of fi ll.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., 

leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of icon.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., 

leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of icon.

Do not add additional space between languages. 

Type is centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

Discussion

Informational icons such as exclamation points and 

arrows are offered to draw attention to unique or 

important areas of the ballot or to improve the voter’s 

ability to scan dense information.

These informational icons are available at

www.eac.gov. 

The use of political party icons is not encouraged, 

because literacy experts and design professionals 

believe they simply confuse many voters.

The decision to apply color only to instructions was 

confi rmed by feedback from usability testing and 

literacy experts.

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample 

for review.

Two languages Contest questions

Specifi cations continue on next page
3.44 Optical scan ballots Design

5

6

7

Contest questions, cont.

D

Two languages

all 100% actual size

Charlene Franz

and

Chris Norberg

Blue / Azul

Gerard Harris

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow / Amarillo

Linda Bargmann

and

Luis Garcia

Purple / Púrpura

Barbara Adcock

and

Charles Qualey

Orange / Naranja

Carrie Steel-Loy

and

George Hovis

Pink / Rosa

Frederick Sharp

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray / Gris

or write-in 

o por escrito:

State Governor and

Lieutenant-Governor

Gobernador y

Vicegobernador

Vote por 1 par

Vote for 1 pair

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

Board of Education 

Member:

City of Springfi eld

Miembro de la Comisión de 

Educación:

Ciudad de Springfi eld

Vote for up to 5

Vote por un máximo de 5

Dennis Weiford

Blue / Azul

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow / Amarillo

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple / Púrpura

John Hewetson

Orange / Naranja

Victor Martinez

Pink / Rosa

Heather Portier

Gold / Oro

or write-in

o por escrito:

U.S. Senator

Senador de EEUU

Vote for 1 / Vote por 1
3.45 Optical scan ballots Design

Contest question specifi cations, continued

Candidate information

First name should begin no less than 0.1” below 

bottom of instructions fi ll; on ballots with set 

selection locations, the distance may need to be 

greater. Subsequent names should begin 0.1” below 

separation line of previous candidate. Names should 

be set as close as possible to the selection location. 

On contests with a two-person ticket, the word 

“and” should be placed alone on a separate line 

between the two candidate names.

Name type: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., leading 13 

pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Party type: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., leading 13 

pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Separation line

Each candidate option should be followed by a line 

to clearly defi ne it, even if it is the fi nal option in a 

particular contest. Line should be placed no less 

than 0.1” below the lowest baseline of candidate 

information; on ballots with set selection locations, 

the distance may need to be greater. Line should 

also be located 0.1” above topmost ascender of the 

following candidate name, if applicable.

Line: 0.25 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

column area allowed for candidates. 

Write-in

Begins 0.1” below fi nal line of previous candidate. 

Write-in line should be placed no less than 0.3” 

below lowest baseline of type; on ballots with set 

selection locations, the distance may need to be 

greater.

On contests with a two-person ticket, a second 

write-in line should be added. Line should be placed 

no less than 0.3” below the fi rst. Spacing before both 

lines should be equal.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., 

leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., 

leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Use a forward slash to separate languages if both fi t 

on a single line. If they are on separate lines, do not 

add additional space between languages.

Write-in line: 0.5 pt. line, dashed 4 pt./4 pt., 100% 

black, extends full width of column area allowed for 

candidates.

5

6

7

Discussion

All candidates in any given contest should be 

given the same amount of vertical space. If one 

candidate’s name must break onto a second line, the 

vertical space for all candidates should be changed to 

match. 

Place the selection oval to the left of the candidate/

ticket name as shown on page 3.44.

D

Two languages Contest questions, cont.
3.46

1

2

4

3

5

6

D

Optical scan ballots Design Two languages

100% actual size

Retention questions

Yes

Sí

No

No

Keep Robert Demergue as 

Chief Justice of the State 

Supreme Court?

¿Se debe mantener a

Robert Demergue como 

Presidente del Tribunal 

Supremo Estatal?

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Retención de Juez:

Tribunal Supremo del Estado

Vote yes or no

Vote sí o no
3.47 Optical scan ballots Design

Retention question specifi cations

Retention question components include borders 

that separate each question, titles, special 

instructions, the question, and the choices. 

Border

This border defi nes the top, left, and bottom sides 

of the question.

Top: 3.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

the column.

Left: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black.

Bottom: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width 

of the column; placed 0.1” below last content in 

column.

Retention title

This header defi nes each retention question; it 

begins directly below the top border. 

Fill: 15% black, extends full width of the column, 

0.1” above topmost ascender, and 0.1” below 

lowest baseline of type.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 

pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 

pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Do not add additional space between languages. 

Type is centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

Retention instructions

This area defi nes each question’s instructions; it 

begins directly below the header. 

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.1” above topmost ascender, and 0.1” 

below lowest baseline of type.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 

pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 

pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Use a forward slash to separate languages if both fi t 

on a single line. If they are on separate lines, do not 

add additional space between languages. Type is 

centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

1

2

4

3

5

6

Retention questions

Retention content

Presents the question clearly to the voter; it begins 

no less than 0.1” below bottom of instructions fi ll.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., 

leading 15 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of column.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., 

leading 15 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of column.

Space between languages should be 0.1”.

Retention selection options

First selection option should begin 0.2” below 

lowest baseline of content; on ballots with set 

selection locations, the distance may need to be 

greater. Subsequent options should begin 0.1” below 

fi nal line of previous option. Options should be set as 

close as possible to the selection location.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., 

leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., 

leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Use a forward slash to separate languages if both fi t 

on a single line. If they are on separate lines, do not 

add additional space between languages. Type is 

centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

Separation line

Each selection option should be followed by a line 

to clearly defi ne it, even if it is the fi nal option in 

a particular question. Line should be placed 0.1” 

below lowest baseline of selection option; on ballots 

with set selection locations, the distance may need 

to be greater. Line should also be located 0.1” 

above topmost ascender of the following option, if 

applicable.

Line: 0.25 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

column area allowed for selection options. 

Discussion

The decision to apply color only to instructions was 

confi rmed by feedback from usability testing and 

literacy experts.

All names in any given retention question should 

be given the same amount of vertical space. If one 

candidate’s name must break onto a second line, the 

vertical space for all candidates should be changed to 

match. 

Two languages

D
3.48 Optical scan ballots Design

1

2

4

3

5

6

D

Ballot measures

100% actual size

Two languages

Requiere de elecciones primarias en las que 

los electores pueden votar por cualquier 

candidato estatal o federal sin importar el 

partido en el que el elector o el candidato 

esté inscrito. Los candidatos de las 

elecciones primarias que reciban más votos 

para un cargo, sin importar si son candidatos 

sin partido o miembros de un mismo o 

de diferente partido, serán listados en la 

papeleta de la elección general. Excluye las 

nominaciones presidenciales. Impacto fi scal: 

no hay un efecto fi scal signifi cativo en los 

gobiernos estatal y local.

Requires primary elections where 

voters may vote for any state or 

federal candidate regardless of party 

registration of voter or candidate. 

The two primary-election candidates 

receiving most votes for an offi ce, 

whether they are candidates with no 

party or members of same or different 

party, would be listed on general 

election ballot. Exempts presidential 

nominations. Fiscal Impact: No 

signifi cant net fi scal effect on state and 

local governments.

Yes / Sí

No / No

Ballot Measure 101: Open Primaries

Propuesta 101: Elecciones primarias abiertas

Vote yes or no

Vote sí o no
3.49 Optical scan ballots Design

Ballot measure specifi cations

Ballot measure question components include borders 

that separate each question, titles, instructions, the 

question, and the choices. Ballot measure should 

span either two or three columns, depending on 

available ballot space. This variable column width is 

noted below as the “ballot measure area.”

Border

This border defi nes the top, left, and bottom sides 

of the question.

Top: 3.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

the ballot measure area.

Left: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black.

Bottom: 1.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width 

of the ballot measure area; placed 0.1” below last 

content in ballot measure area.

Ballot measure title

This header defi nes each ballot measure question; 

it begins directly below the top border. 

Fill: 15% black, extends full width of the ballot 

measure area, 0.1” above topmost ascender, and 

0.1” below lowest baseline of type.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 

pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 

pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Do not add additional space between languages. 

Type is centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

Ballot measure instructions

This area defi nes each question’s instructions; it 

begins directly below the header. 

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

ballot measure area, 0.1” above topmost ascender, 

and 0.1” below lowest baseline of type.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 

pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 

pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of fi ll.

Use a forward slash to separate languages if both fi t 

on a single line. If they are on separate lines, do not 

add additional space between languages. Type is 

centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

1

2

4

3

5

6

Ballot measures

D

Ballot measure content

Presents the ballot measure question clearly to 

the voter; it begins no less than 0.1” below bottom 

of instructions fi ll, set 0.1” from left border. Ballot 

measure area should be divided into two equal 

columns separated by 0.5” with one language 

placed in each. 

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., 

leading 15 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, 

set 0.1” from left edge of column.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., 

leading 15 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Ballot measure selection options

First selection option should begin 0.2” below 

lowest baseline of content; on ballots with set 

selection locations, the distance may need to be 

greater. Subsequent options should begin 0.1” below 

fi nal line of previous option. Options should be set as 

close as possible to the selection location, ideally in 

the leftmost column of the ballot measure area.

Option type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 

12 pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of ballot measure 

area.

Option type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 

12 pt., leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left 

aligned, set 0.1” from left edge of ballot measure area.

Use a forward slash to separate languages if both fi t 

on a single line. If they are on separate lines, do not 

add additional space between languages. Type is 

centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

Separation line

Each selection option should be followed by a line 

to clearly defi ne it, even if it is the fi nal option in 

a particular question. Line should be placed 0.1” 

below lowest baseline of selection option; on ballots 

with set selection locations, the distance may need 

to be greater. Line should also be located 0.1” 

above topmost ascender of the following option, if 

applicable.

Line: 0.25 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

ballot measure area allowed for selection options.

Discussion

See page 3.21.

Two languages
3.50 Optical scan ballots

Samples: two languages 

Optical scan ballot design best practices are applied to two-language variations on 

pages 3.51–3.57. The variations include a one-color version and an Asian-language 

version. 

Specifi cations that vary from those outlined previously are included. The samples 

illustrate the fl exibility of the design best practices.

The sample Chinese text in this section has been professionally translated, but 

translations do not refl ect a specifi c elections expertise. The translated Spanish 

text has been edited to support election terminology recommended in the EAC’s 

“Glossary of Key Election Terminology, English-Spanish, 2007.”

Electronic files 

The electronic fi les that were used to create these best practices are available at 

www.eac.gov.

They are provided in two formats: Acrobat (.pdf) and InDesign (.indd).*

Each item has a unique identifi cation number and fi le name. For example, 

the Acrobat fi le of the illustration on the next page is “OpScan_2L_VersionA.pdf.”

How to work with the samples and electronic fi les

The Acrobat fi les can be printed on an offi ce printer (depending on paper size), or 

by a local vendor with digital printing capabilities (printing fi rms and copy shops 

often have digital printing capabilities). Printed versions of these samples will serve 

as an important reference during the ballot design and production process.

InDesign fi les are template fi les that can be edited. The illustrative diagrams 

used in the InDesign fi les are also available at www.eac.gov. These fi les end with 

“.eps” and can also be edited. Access to Adobe InDesign page layout software 

and to software that can edit .eps fi les (e.g., Adobe Illustrator) is necessary. 

Working with a designer who has access to—and expertise in—these software 

programs is recommended.

Alternatively, these items can be recreated in other page layout programs using 

the production specifi cations provided on pages 3.6–3.21; the Acrobat .pdf fi les 

as a visual guide; and, if appropriate, the illustration fi les provided. Using nonlayout 

programs, such as those commonly used to write text-only documents, is not 

appropriate or recommended. 

*The EAC does not endorse any specifi c product or vendor. The best practices illustrated 

throughout this document do not rely on specifi c software, products, or vendors. For copyright 

reasons, the EAC cannot supply election offi cials with the fonts used in the InDesign fi les. 

They are available from numerous suppliers.
3.51 Optical scan ballots

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______ English / Spanish

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Papeleta Ofi cial para las Elecciones Generales

Condado de Springfi eld, Nebraska

Martes, 7 de noviembre de 2006

Do not fold the ballot.

No doble la papeleta. 

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not 

make any marks outside 

of the oval. You do not 

have to vote in every race.

Rellene el óvalo que está 

a la izquierda del nombre 

de su preferencia. Deberá 

rellenar el óvalo totalmente y 

no hacer ninguna otra marca 

fuera del óvalo. No tiene que 

votar en todas las contiendas.

Instructions

Instrucciones

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote 

may not count. If you 

make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

No tache o borre, pues 

esto podría invalidar su 

voto. Si comete un error 

o hace alguna otra marca, 

pida una papeleta nueva 

a uno de los trabajadores 

electorales.

1 / 8

Continue voting

next side

Continúe votando

al otro lado

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue / Azul

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow / Amarillo

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhardt

Purple / Púrpura

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange / Naranja

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink / Rosa

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold / Oro

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray / Gris

Charles Layne

and

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua / Agua

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown / Marrón

or write-in 

o por escrito:

Dennis Weiford

Blue / Azul

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow / Amarillo

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple / Púrpura

John Hewetson

Orange / Naranja

Victor Martinez

Pink / Rosa

Heather Portier

Gold / Oro

or write-in

o por escrito:

U.S. Senator

Senador de EEUU

Vote for 1 / Vote por 1

President and

Vice-President of the 

United States

Presidente y vicepresidente

de los Estados Unidos

Vote por 1 par

Brad Plunkard

Blue / Azul

Bruce Reeder

Yellow / Amarillo

Brad Schott

Purple / Púrpura

Glen Tawney

Orange / Naranja

Carroll Forrest

Pink / Rosa

or write-in 

o por escrito:

U.S. Representative

Representante de EEUU

Vote for 1 / Vote por 1

Making selections

Haga sus selecciones

To add a candidate, fi ll 

in the oval to the left of 

“or write-in” and print 

the name clearly on the 

dotted line.

Para agregar un candidato, 

rellene el óvalo a la izquierda 

del espacio designado ‘o por 

escrito’ y escriba claramente 

el nombre de la persona en 

la línea punteada.

Insert the completed 

ballot into the ballot 

sleeve. Hand in the ballot 

to be counted.

Cuando termine de votar, 

introduzca la papeleta en la 

funda protectora y entréguela para ser contada.

Optional write-in

Voto opcional por escrito

Turning in the ballot

Entregue la papeleta

Vote for 1 pair

50% actual size

Samples Two languages Version A

File name

OpScan_2L_VersionA

See pages 3.36–3.49

for detailed production 

specifi cations.
3.52 Optical scan ballots

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______ English / Spanish

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Papeleta Ofi cial para las Elecciones Generales

Condado de Springfi eld, Nebraska

Martes, 7 de noviembre de 2006

Keep Susan Esquer as 

Associate Justice of the 

State Court of Appeals, 

5th Appellate District, 

Division 2?

¿Se debe mantener a Susan 

Esquer como Juez Asociada 

del Tribunal de Apelaciones 

del Estado, 5o distrito, 

división 2? 

3 / 8

Continue voting

next side

Continúe votando

al otro lado

Harvey Eagle

Blue / Azul

Randall Rupp

Yellow / Amarillo

Carroll Shry

Purple / Púrpura

Beverly Barker

Orange / Naranja

Donald Davis

Pink / Rosa

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

City Councilperson:

City of Springfi eld

Concejal de la Ciudad:

Ciudad de Springfi eld

Vote for up to 3

Vote por un máximo de 3

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

or write-in

o por escrito:

Board of Education 

Member:

City of Springfi eld

Miembro de la Comisión de 

Educación:

Ciudad de Springfi eld

Vote for up to 5

Vote por un máximo de 5

Yes

Sí

No

No

Keep Robert Demergue as 

Chief Justice of the State 

Supreme Court?

¿Se debe mantener a

Robert Demergue como 

Presidente del Tribunal 

Supremo Estatal?

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Retención de Juez:

Tribunal Supremo del Estado

Vote yes or no

Vote sí o no

Keep Elmer Hull as 

Associate Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

¿Se debe mantener a

Elmer Hull como Juez 

Asociado del Tribunal 

Supremo Estatal?

Keep Rita Zheng as 

Associate Justice of State 

Family Court, 3rd District?

¿Se debe mantener a Rita 

Zheng como Juez Asociada 

del Tribunal de la Familia del 

Estado, del tercer distrito?

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Retención de Juez:

Tribunal Supremo del Estado

Vote yes or no

Vote sí o no

Yes

Sí

No

No

Judge Retention:

State Court of Appeals

Retención del Juez: Tribunal 

de Apelaciones del Estado

Vote yes or no

Vote sí o no

Judge Retention:

State Family Court

Retención de Juez: Tribunal 

de la Familia del Estado

Vote yes or no

Vote sí o no

Yes

Sí

No

No

Yes

Sí

No

No

Samples Version A

File name

OpScan_2L_VersionA

See pages 3.36–3.49

for detailed production 

specifi cations.

50% actual size

Two languages
3.53 Optical scan ballots

English / Spanish

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Papeleta Ofi cial para las Elecciones Generales

Condado de Springfi eld, Nebraska

Martes, 7 de noviembre de 2006 8 / 8

¿Se deben incrementar los impuestos 

distritales al transporte en $154.34 millones 

de dólares al año y en las cantidades 

adicionales que se recauden anualmente 

a partir de este momento, incrementando 

la tasa del impuesto sobre las ventas 

recaudada por el distrito en cuatro décimos 

del uno por ciento, d los actuales seis 

décimos del uno por ciento a uno por 

ciento a partir del 1 de enero de 2005 y, en 

relación con el mismo, se debe incrementar 

la deuda del distrito regional de transporte 

en $3,477 millones de dólares, con un 

costo de repago de $7,129 millones de 

dólares en donde todos los ingresos de la 

deuda y los impuestos se pueden usar y 

gastar para la construcción y operación de 

un sistema de transporte masivo de vía 

fi ja, la construcción de lotes adicionales de 

estacionamiento “park-n-ride”, la expansión 

y mejora de los lotes de estacionamiento 

“park-n-ride” existentes y aumentar el 

servicio de autobuses, incluyendo el uso de 

autobuses más pequeños y camionetas y 

vehículos de combustible alternativo según 

convenga, según lo especifi cado en el plan 

de expansión del transporte adoptado por 

el consejo de administración del distrito 

en o antes del 22 de abril del 2004 y si la 

deuda debe evidenciarse en bonos, notas 

u otras obligaciones para múltiples años 

fi scales incluyendo el refi nanciamiento de 

los bonos que pueden emitirse a una tasa 

de interés menor o mayor e incluyendo la 

deuda que pudiera surgir por la liquidación 

antes del vencimiento con o sin pago de 

una prima, pagadera por todos los ingresos 

generados por dicho incremento fi scal, 

fondos federales, ingreso por inversiones, 

contribuciones públicas y privadas, y otros 

ingresos que pudiera determinar el consejo, 

y con los ingresos recaudados por el 

incremento en la tasa impositiva sobre las 

ventas y los ingresos de las obligaciones de 

deuda y cualquier ingreso por inversiones 

sobre dichos ingresos y ganancias que estén 

exentas de las restricciones de ingresos 

y gastos contenidas en la Sección 20 del 

Artículo X de la constitución estatal hasta el 

momento en que toda la deuda sea pagada 

cuando la tasa impositiva sea incrementada 

a la cantidad necesaria para la operación 

continua del sistema pero no menor a los 

seis décimos del uno por ciento?”

Shall regional transportation district 

taxes be increased $158.34 million 

annually and by whatever additional 

amounts are raised annually thereafter 

by increasing the rate of sales tax levied 

by the district by four-tenths of one 

percent, from the current six-tenths of 

one percent to one percent commencing 

January 1, 2005 and, in connection 

therewith, shall regional transportation 

district debt be increased $3.477 billion, 

with a repayment cost of $7.129 billion 

with all proceeds of debt and taxes to 

be used and spent for the construction 

and operation of a fi xed guide way mass 

transit system, the construction of 

additional park-n-ride lots, the expansion 

and improvement of existing park-n-ride 

lots, and increased bus service, including 

the use of smaller buses and vans and 

alternative fuel vehicles as appropriate, 

as specifi ed in the transit expansion 

plan adopted by the board of directors 

of the district on or before April 22, 2004 

and shall debt be evidenced by bonds, 

notes, or other multiple-fi scal year 

obligations including refunding bonds 

that may be issued as a lower or higher 

rate of interest and including debt that 

may have a redemption prior to maturity 

with or without payment of a premium, 

payable from all revenues generated 

by said tax increase, federal funds, 

investment income, public and private 

contributions, and other revenues as 

the board may determine, and with 

such revenues raised by the sales tax 

rate increase and the proceeds of debt 

obligations and any investment income 

on such revenues and proceeds being 

exempt from the revenue and spending 

restrictions contained in section 20 of 

Article X of the State constitution until 

such time as all debt is repaid when 

the rate of tax will be decreased to that 

amount necessary for the continued 

operation of the system but not less than 

six-tenths of one percent?”

Yes / Sí

No / No

Thank you for voting! 

Please turn in your 

fi nished ballot

¡Gracias por votar! 

Entregue su papeleta a un 

trabajador electoral

Ballot Measure 113: Financing for Mass Transit

Propuesta 113: Financiamiento del sistema de transporte público

Vote yes or no

Vote sí o no

50% actual size

Samples Two languages Version A

File name

OpScan_2L_VersionA

See pages 3.36–3.49

for detailed production 

specifi cations.
3.54 Optical scan ballots

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______ English / Spanish

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Papeleta Ofi cial para las Elecciones Generales

Condado de Springfi eld, Nebraska

Martes, 7 de noviembre de 2006

Do not fold the ballot.

No doble la papeleta. 

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not 

make any marks outside 

of the oval. You do not 

have to vote in every race.

Rellene el óvalo que está 

a la izquierda del nombre 

de su preferencia. Deberá 

rellenar el óvalo totalmente y 

no hacer ninguna otra marca 

fuera del óvalo. No tiene que 

votar en todas las contiendas.

Instructions

Instrucciones

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote 

may not count. If you 

make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

No tache o borre, pues 

esto podría invalidar su 

voto. Si comete un error 

o hace alguna otra marca, 

pida una papeleta nueva 

a uno de los trabajadores 

electorales.

1 / 8

Continue voting

next side

Continúe votando

al otro lado

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue / Azul

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow / Amarillo

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhardt

Purple / Púrpura

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange / Naranja

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink / Rosa

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold / Oro

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray / Gris

Charles Layne

and

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua / Agua

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown / Marrón

or write-in 

o por escrito:

Dennis Weiford

Blue / Azul

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow / Amarillo

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple / Púrpura

John Hewetson

Orange / Naranja

Victor Martinez

Pink / Rosa

Heather Portier

Gold / Oro

or write-in

o por escrito:

U.S. Senator

Senador de EEUU

Vote for 1 / Vote por 1

President and

Vice-President of the 

United States

Presidente y vicepresidente

de los Estados Unidos

Vote for 1 pair

Vote por 1 par

Brad Plunkard

Blue / Azul

Bruce Reeder

Yellow / Amarillo

Brad Schott

Purple / Púrpura

Glen Tawney

Orange / Naranja

Carroll Forrest

Pink / Rosa

or write-in 

o por escrito:

U.S. Representative

Representante de EEUU

Vote for 1 / Vote por 1

Making selections

Haga sus selecciones

To add a candidate, fi ll 

in the oval to the left of 

“or write-in” and print 

the name clearly on the 

dotted line.

Para agregar un candidato, 

rellene el óvalo a la izquierda 

del espacio designado ‘o por 

escrito’ y escriba claramente 

el nombre de la persona en 

la línea punteada.

Insert the completed 

ballot into the ballot 

sleeve. Hand in the ballot 

to be counted.

Cuando termine de votar, 

introduzca la papeleta en la 

funda protectora y entréguela para ser contada.

Optional write-in

Voto opcional por escrito

Turning in the ballot

Entregue la papeleta

50% actual size

1

2

3

4

Samples Two languages One-color version

File name

OpScan_2L_1Color

See pages 3.36–3.49

for detailed production 

specifi cations.
3.55 Optical scan ballots

One-color version specifi cations

If circumstances dictate that ballots be printed in only 

one color, certain adjustments should be made to the 

specifi cations of the ballot. 

Instruction head

Rather than process cyan, this header should be 

100% black.

Instructional fi lls

Rather than screened process cyan, all instructional 

fi lls should be 10% black. This includes the fi lls used 

with all ballot instructions, question instructions, and 

all navigational instructions. 

Attention icons

Rather than process cyan, all Attention icons should 

be 100% black. This includes icons for critical ballot 

instructions, as well as special question instructions.

Question titles

To create appropriate contrast with question 

instructions, question header fi lls should be 20% 

black, rather than the 15% black used on two-color 

ballots.

1

2

3

4

Samples Two languages One-color version
3.56 Optical scan ballots

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______ English / Chinese

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

ಣ᎛͹ϸӟ୯

䡷ͦ؂ಢ̷Θçಢಣع൫㚯ᅮፐ

Ϸ̈̆çݷಮʆ

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not 

make any marks outside 

of the oval. You do not 

have to vote in every race.

ቂธြલ᎛ያࡶڅ᎛ʇβϫ

ͤਵڅጁฑӂéલͬෞઆ༴

ጁฑҭθต෩çˀ࠲ϛጁฑ

ᆥ৪éલˀڅᘄਮήъ͚څ

ͬ੊̷Ӷɿቮڅӟ୯é

To add a candidate, fi ll 

in the oval to the left of 

“or write-in” and print 

the name clearly on the 

dotted line.

ᅎ̷ɿуࡶ᎛ʇçቂธ

ြī׼༪᎛Ĭͤਵڅጁฑç

Քϛᓮۇٴʔξ㣣ʖଢತϚΈ

υջᝃธᅞյֽβ

Insert the completed 

ballot into the ballot 

sleeve. Hand in the ballot 

to be counted.

ቂઆዲડ᎛୯ҭθ؟ʉ᎛୯

ےேéʖᗚ᎛୯̤բ࠴ၽ

Instructions

ب切

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote 

may not count. If you 

make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

ቂˀ࠲ตӣèᐈ؇çˀ೹લ

څӟ୯๢௃ං伡೸ःéϩش

ഛ·ธᅞᎥიݶ׼ϛตᅞई

у໰ഛ·਷ᕺçቂϏച৪ழ

᎛څɿડ๙࠲ঝ࢝ɹіʇڅ

୯é

1 / 8

Continue voting

next side

ϛʔɿࡓᙝᚯӟ୯

Joseph Barchi

and֝

Joseph Hallaren

Blueᕈй

Adam Cramer

and֝

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow෧й

Daniel Court

and֝

Amy Blumhardt

Purpleിй

Alvin Boone

and֝

James Lian

Orangeዼй

Austin Hildebrand

and֝

James Garritty

Pink / গߺй

Martin Patterson

and֝

Clay Lariviere

Goldۂй

Elizabeth Harp

and֝

Antoine Jefferson

GrayОй

Charles Layne

and֝

Andrew Kowalski

Aquaଡႌй

Marzena Pazgier

and֝

Welton Phelps

Brownಱй

or write-in׼༪᎛ 

Dennis Weiford

Blueᕈй

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow෧й

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purpleിй

John Hewetson

Orangeዼй

Victor Martinez

Pinkগߺй

Heather Portier

Goldۂй

or write-in׼༪᎛ 

U.S. Senator

࢝ᙰ੊ᙰਗ੣੊ࠁ

Vote for 1 

ӟ୯᎛ɿуࡶ᎛ʇ

Do not fold the ballot.

ቂsӝᛸ᎛୯

President and

Vice-President of the 

United States

ࠁ੣ᑨ஁֝ਿᑨ஁

Vote for 1 pair

ӟ୯᎛ճуࡶ᎛ʇ

Brad Plunkard

Blueᕈй

Bruce Reeder

Yellow෧й

Brad Schott

Purpleിй

Glen Tawney

Orangeዼй

Carroll Forrest

Pinkগߺй

or write-in׼༪᎛ 

U.S. Representative

࢝㦍ᙰਗ㦍ᙰ੣ࠁ

Making selections

᎛ያ

Optional write-in

ήิڅ༪᎛

Turning in the ballot

ʖᗚ᎛୯

Vote for 1 

ӟ୯᎛ɿуࡶ᎛ʇ

50% actual size

1

2

3

4

Samples Two languages Asian language version

File name

OpScan_2L_Asian

See pages 3.36–3.49

for detailed production 

specifi cations.
3.57 Optical scan ballots

Asian language versions 

When dual-language ballots are produced for 

non-English languages, certain situations should be 

considered. 

Typeface choices

Non-Western typefaces should be selected on the 

basis of simplicity, compatibility with the Univers type 

family, and cultural appropriateness. In the application 

shown, LeHei Pro is used for Chinese.

Instructional illustrations

Make sure that instructional illustrations accurately 

refl ect the language being used on the specifi c ballot. 

Candidate names

All ballot text should be translated, and candidate and 

political party names transliterated.

Language indication

Although it is assumed that all poll workers will speak 

English, not all will be able to identify the language 

on a non-English ballot. Non-English ballots should 

include this block to identify the language. The block 

should be placed near the bottom right-hand corner 

of the ballot, as far from ballot content as possible.

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of 

one column, 0.1” above topmost ascender, and 0.1” 

below lowest baseline of type.

Type, Language One: Univers 65 Bold, size 12 pt., 

leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, center 

aligned.

Type, Language Two: Univers 45 Light, size 12 pt., 

leading 13 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, center 

aligned.

Use a forward slash to separate languages if both fi t 

on a single line. If they are on separate lines, do not 

add additional space between languages. Type is 

centered between top and bottom of fi ll.

1

2

4

3

Samples Two languages Asian language version

Discussion

Translators ensure proper grammatical, syntactic, 

and structural character of the content and 

appropriate use of local dialect variations. Obviously, 

accurate translations are vital for non-Englishspeaking voters. Online translations are often 

misleading, unclear, or simply wrong.

A cultural expert can review translated material 

to ensure that the translations are accurate and 

culturally relevant, and that their visual presentation is 

appropriate. 

Depending on State or local legislation, transliteration 

of candidate names into the appropriate Asian 

characters may or may not be required. When 

transliterating names, consultation with a language 

expert is recommended. Care should be taken to use 

the most standard characters, and make sure that 

overall there are neither overtly positive nor overtly 

negative meanings in the sound-based characters.

The sample shown on page 3.56 does not have 

candidate names transliterated into Chinese. The 

sample below shows the recommended structure of 

a contest on a two-language ballot containing both 

English and transliterated Asian candidate names.

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

߾ສ˯ë˷ྡ

֝

߾ສ˯ëऻੀࡽ

ᕈй

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

ՙັëѠ൦Ꮬ

֝

थྐथëၱฟ߱ު

෧й

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhardt

Purple

॑ࣥ㚯ëЩ͡˃

֝

кУëͦ؂ֹ܊ᅮ

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President and

Vice-President of the 

United States

ࠁ੣ᑨ஁֝ਿᑨ஁

Vote for 1 pair

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4.1 Full-face DRE ballots

Effective Designs for the

Administration of Federal Elections

Section 4: Full-face DRE ballots

June 2007

U.S. Election Assistance Commission
4.2 Full-face DRE ballots

Full-face direct-recording electronic (DRE) 

ballots

This section has three parts: (1) planning process information; (2) one-language 

full-face DRE ballot design best practices; and (3) additional samples.

Planning

The Planning section (pages 4.4–4.5) outlines how to incorporate resources 

into your ballot development and production process; in what areas those 

resources may be of assistance; and when those activities should occur. It also 

offers tips on possible challenges and opportunities. These suggestions apply 

to both one-language and two-language ballots.

Design

Best practice samples are illustrated in full and by component. These samples and 

components are accompanied by production specifications and discussion notes. 

Samples 

Additional best practice samples, including a one-color version, appear on pages 

4.23–4.25. 

Electronic versions of these files are available at www.eac.gov, and specifi c 

instructions on how to use the electronic fi les are included on page 4.22. The 

electronic fi les are available in two formats, one of which can be edited. 

Election offi cials are encouraged to partner with their vendors and production 

partners to review the voluntary design recommendations in this document as 

early as possible.

Voter audience

This section details interface solutions for voters able to interact with a full-face 

DRE touch screen input. Ballot instructions, labels, and navigation, written in 

simple language, support comprehension by voters at a third-grade reading level.

Full-face DRE specifi cations are based on information design principles, optical 

scan primary research fi ndings, and accessibility requirements cited in 2005 

Voluntary Voter System Guidelines (VVSG) section 3.2.

Areas of further study

System solutions for alternative input/output variations (combining tactile, audio, 

and visual toolsets).
4.3 Full-face DRE ballots

Suggestions for best practices

The general election voter information prototypes shown on the following pages 

are based on VVSG, Americans with Disabilities Act guidelines (ADA), research 

fi ndings, and information design principles. 

— Emphasize voter needs over administrative and vendor requirements.

— Use simple language for all content. Studies show that clear and concise writing 

is benefi cial to voters at all literacy levels. Rewriting instructions ballot instructions 

and voter information materials using simple language increases usability and, on 

the voter’s behalf, accuracy. 

— Use one language per ballot, which is recommended practice. To meet usability 

standards, display no more than two languages simultaneously.

— Use upper- and lowercase sans serif type, set left aligned at the sizes outlined in 

the specifi cations, for readability. Avoid setting text in a centered alignment. Avoid 

setting text in all capital letters. Minimize the number of fonts used. 

— Use color functionally and consistently. Color can draw the reader’s attention 

and emphasize important information. The use of color cannot be the sole means 

of conveying information or making distinctions. Another noncolor mode must 

complement color use, such as contrast, icon, text style, etc. (see VVSG).

— When clarifying instructions and processes, use accurate diagrams to describe 

voting technology and equipment. 

— Use instructional icons only. Universally recognized icons such as arrows are 

acceptable and encouraged.

Research findings

Detailed findings that support ballot design best practices can be found in section 

6 and section 7. 
4.4 Full-face DRE ballots

Planning process

The planning table on the following page outlines additional resources and steps that 

can be taken to ensure that ballot content and design best address voter needs.

These recommendations are based on the best practices in Cook County, Illinois, 

and the pilot test in Nebraska.

Planning goals

These additional resources can help ensure that:

 — Content is easily understood by voters, including those with low vision 

and literacy issues.

 — The visual organization and presentation of the content supports ease of use 

and confi dence in the process.

 — Any necessary translations are accurate and sensitive to cultural differences 

in language and expression.

Planning value by role/resource

S — imple-language expert ensures that instructions and other ballot content are 

written in the most effective manner to help all voters (not just low-literacy voters) 

understand and follow instructions, and feel confident that they have properly cast 

their ballots.

— Information designer organizes the ballot content—text, graphics, illustrations— 

in a manner that is clear, simple, and functional, and that supports and enhances 

the voter’s comprehension of the content and voting process. (Note: The design 

field is very broad; it is important to work with a designer who has expertise in the 

organization and presentation of complex information.) 

— Usability expert works with the information designer to develop review, testing, 

and revision processes that improve the ballot’s overall effectiveness, accuracy, 

and usability.

— ensures proper grammatical, syntactic, and structural character of the Translator

content, and appropriate use of local dialect variations. Accurate translations are 

vital for non-English speaking voters, and online translations are often misleading, 

unclear, or simply wrong (for Spanish translations, see EAC document “Glossary 

of Key Election Terminology, English-Spanish, 2007”).

— Cultural expert reviews translated material to ensure that the translations are 

accurate and culturally relevant, and that their visual presentation is appropriate. 
4.5 Full-face DRE ballots Planning process

Production steps before election cycle

Resources Planning, design, and usability activities Tips

1. Election

Offi cial

Use the current election to establish a baseline for 

future work. Get voter feedback before starting, 

not just afterward.

Establish an approval process/team. Determine 

who must sign off on improvements at each 

phase.

2. Election

Offi cial

Choose an objective, professional resource to 

take ownership of information design challenges.

Simultaneously hire a designer and a usability 

professional who can offer additional feedback.

Partner with a policy advisor who can help guide 

design improvements through the necessary 

legislative processes.

Whenever possible, hire a local person who will 

be able to meet with offi cials and the extended 

production team (vendors, printers, etc.).

Provide the designer with poll worker training, as 

well as any feedback from voters or poll workers.

Provide the designer with a complete list of current

election documents and legal requirements.

3. Designer and 

Usability Expert

Review and become familiar with election design 

standards and recommendations.

Understand variance between EAC best practices 

and local requirements for poll worker and voter 

materials.

4. Election

Offi cial

Estimate value of design improvements.

Gauge impact of the redesign process during

the next election planning cycle.

Resources during election cycle

Resources Content development activities Tips

Simple-Language 

Expert

Edit fi nal English-language content for low-literacy 

voters.

Translator Translate content for non-English-speaking voters. Understand the translator’s requirements before 

the election: data formats, time line, etc.

Have a third-party expert review the translated 

materials after the initial draft. Legal advisors may 

need to review the materials after simple language 

and design have been incorporated.

Alternative

Language/

Cultural Expert

Review translated content in each alternative 

language for cultural relevancy.

Translation services may not be aware of possible 

cultural sensitivities of translated material.

Designer Election offi cial provides designer with fi nal 

content for different materials, in English and 

other languages, after they have been reviewed by 

simple language and cultural experts.
4.6 Full-face DRE ballots

Design

On pages 4.7–4.21, design best practices for a general election one-language 

ballot are illustrated. Production specifi cations and discussion notes are provided— 

including typeface,* type size, leading, line weights, tint fi lls, and distances 

between elements. 

The ballot content used in these samples was originally developed by the National 

Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to illustrate a “moderately complex” 

ballot. Although it is impossible to cover every ballot scenario, most general 

election ballot layout issues can be addressed using these designs.

Components 

As illustrated on the following page, a full-face DRE ballot has four basic 

component content areas:

A Election information (e.g., jurisdiction, general election, and date) 

B Ballot instructions

C Ballot navigation, in this ballot type, refers to highlighting casting step

D Questions, including contests, retentions, and ballot measures

Each of these components is illustrated at its full size, and production 

specifi cations are included. Specifi cations are numbered from 1 through 6 .

Designers can apply specifi cations in this section to other paper ballot formats, 

such as absentee, emergency, and primary election ballots.

*The EAC does not endorse any specifi c product or vendor. The best practices illustrated 

throughout this document do not rely on specifi c software, products, or vendors. For copyright 

reasons, the EAC cannot supply election offi cials with the fonts used in the InDesign fi les. 

They are available from numerous suppliers.
4.7 Design

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

President and

Vice-President 

of the United States

Vote for 1 pair

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne

and

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Vote for 1

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

State Attorney General

Vote for 1

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

or write-in:

State Treasurer

Vote for 1

Richard Sorenson

Blue

David Price

Yellow

or write-in:

State Senator:

31st District

Vote for 1

Edward Shiplett

Blue

Marty Talarico

Yellow

or write-in:

State Assemblyman:

31st District

Vote for 1

Andrea Solis

Blue

Amos Keller

Yellow

or write-in:

County Commissioners

Camille Argent

Blue

Chloe Witherspoon

Blue

Amanda Marracini

Yellow

Charlene Hennessey

Yellow

Eric Savoy

Yellow

Sheila Moskowitz

Purple

Mary Tawa

Orange

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

State Court of Appeals Judge: 

4th Seat

Vote for 1

Michael Marchesani

or write-in:

Water Commissioner:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for 1

Orville White

Blue

Gregory Seldon

Yellow

or write-in:

Chief of Police:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for 1

Tracy Wittgenstein

Blue

Hugh Stup

Yellow

Reid Fiester

Purple

or write-in:

Harvey Eagle

Blue

Randall Rupp

Blue

Carroll Shry

Yellow

Beverly Barker

Yellow

Donald Davis

Yellow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

City Councilperson:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for up to 3

Board of Education Member:

City of Springfi eld

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

Yes

No

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Keep Robert Demergue

as Chief Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Keep Elmer Hull 

as Associate Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Yes

No

Keep Susan Esquer

as Associate Justice of the 

State Court of Appeals, 

5th Appellate District, Division 

2?

Yes

No

Keep Rita Zheng

as Associate Justice of 

State Family Court, 3rd District?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment C:

Increased Tobacco Taxes

Shall state taxes be increased $175 million annually through 

additional tobacco taxes imposed for health related purposes, and, 

in connection therewith, amending the State constitution to increase 

statewide taxes on the sale of cigarettes by wholesalers of three and 

two-tenths cents per cigarette and on the sale, use, consumption, 

handling, or distribution of other tobacco products by distributors at 

the rate of twenty percent of the manufacturer’s list price; increasing 

such tobacco taxes effective January 1, 2005; requiring annual 

appropriations of specifi ed percentages of the additional tobacco 

tax revenues to expand eligibility for and increase enrollment in the 

children’s basic health plan, to fund comprehensive primary medical 

care through certain State qualifi ed providers, tobacco education 

programs, and prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer 

and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, to compensate the state 

general fund, the old age pension fund, and local governments for 

tobacco tax losses resulting from reduced sales of cigarettes and 

tobacco products; specifying that the appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues shall be in addition to and not substituted for 

appropriations for such programs on January 1, 2005; allowing the use 

of additional tobacco tax revenues for any health related purpose and 

to serve populations enrolled in the children’s basic health plan and 

the state medical assistance program as of January 1, 2005, upon a 

declaration of a state fi scal emergency by two-thirds of the members 

of each house of the general assembly and the governor; prohibiting 

the repeal or reduction of existing taxes imposed on cigarettes and 

other tobacco products; excluding all additional tobacco tax revenues 

from fi scal year spending for purposes of section 20 of Article X of 

the State constitution; and exempting appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues from the statutory limitation on general fund 

appropriations growth or any other existing spending limitation?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment D:

Recovery of Damages Relating to Construction

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution concerning 

recovery of damages relating to construction of real property 

improvements, and, in connection therewith, prohibiting laws that 

limit or impair a property owner’s right to recover damages caused 

by a failure to construct an improvement in a good and workmanlike 

manner; defi ning “good and workmanlike manner” to include 

construction that is suitable for its intended purposes; and permitting 

exceptions for laws that limit punitive damages, afford governmental 

immunity, or impose time limits of specifi ed minimum lengths on fi ling 

lawsuits?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment H: 

Limit of Damages for Health Care Providers

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution allowing the 

State legislature to enact laws limiting the amount of damages for 

noneconomic loss that could be awarded for injury or death caused by 

a health care provider?

“Noneconomic loss” generally includes, but is not limited to, losses 

such as pain and suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of 

capacity for enjoyment of life, loss of consortium, and other losses 

the claimant is entitled to recover as damages under general law. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of damages for 

ecomonic loss under State law. “Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the economic value of domestic 

services, loss of employment or business opportunities. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of any additional 

damages known under State law as exemplary or punitive damages, 

which are damages allowed by law to punish a defendant and to deter 

persons from engaging in similar conduct in the future.

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment K: 

Slot Machines in Madison/Fromwit Counties

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution authorizing 

Madison and Fromwit Counties to hold referenda on whether to 

authorize slot machines in existing, licensed parimutuel facilities 

(thoroughbred and harness racing, greyhound racing, and jai alai) that 

have conducted live racing or games in that county during each of the 

last two calendar years before effective date of this amendment?

The Legislature may tax slot machine revenues, and any such taxes 

must supplement public education funding statewide. Requires 

implementing legislation. This amendment alone has no fi scal impact 

on government. If slot machines are authorized in Madison or Fromwit 

counties, governmental costs associated with additional gambling will 

increase by an unknown amount and local sales tax-related revenues 

will be reduced by $5 milliion to $8 million annually. If the Legislature 

also chooses to tax slot machine revenues, state tax revenues from 

Madison and Fromwit counties combined would range from $200 

million to $500 million annually.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 101: Open Primaries

Requires primary elections where voters may vote for any state or 

federal candidate regardless of party registration of voter or candidate. 

The two primary-election candidates receiving most votes for an 

offi ce, whether they are candidates with no party or members of same 

or different party, would be listed on general election ballot. Exempts 

presidential nominations. Fiscal Impact: No signifi cant net fi scal effect 

on state and local governments.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 106: Limits on Private Enforcement of Unfair 

Business Competition Laws

Allows individual or class action “unfair business” lawsuits only if actual 

loss suffered; only government offi cials may enforce these laws on 

public’s behalf. Fiscal Impact: Unknown state fi scal impact depending 

on whether the measure increases or decreases court workload and 

the extent to which diverted funds are replaced. Unknown potential 

costs to local governments, depending on the extent to which diverted 

funds are replaced.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 111: 

Revenue Bonds for Renovation of Madison County Jail Facilities

Directs the Madison County Public Safety Authority, a building 

authority incorporated by Madison County and the City of Ijamsville 

pursuant to Section 346.27 of the State Code, for the purpose of 

acquiring, destroying, demolishing, improving, enlarging, equipping, 

furnishing, repairing, maintaining and operating one or more public 

buildings for the joint use of the County, the City or any school district 

which is part of the County, to issue its revenue bonds in an amount 

not exceeding $29,700,000 for the purpose of acquiring, constructing, 

furnishing, equipping, renovating and expanding existing jail facilities for 

the joint use of the County and the City.

Yes

No

Shall regional transportation district taxes be increased $158.34 million 

annually and by whatever additional amounts are raised annually 

thereafter by increasing the rate of sales tax levied by the district by 

four-tenths of one percent, from the current six-tenths of one percent 

to one percent commencing January 1, 2005 and, in connection 

therewith, shall regional transportation district debt be increased 

$3.477 billion, with a repayment cost of $7.129 billion with all proceeds 

of debt and taxes to be used and spent for the construction and 

operation of a fi xed guide way mass transit system, the construction 

of additional park-n-ride lots, the expansion and improvement of 

existing park-n-ride lots, and increased bus service, including the use of 

smaller buses and vans and alternative fuel vehicles as appropriate, as 

specifi ed in the transit expansion plan adopted by the board of directors 

of the district on or before April 22, 2004 and shall debt be evidenced 

by bonds, notes, or other multiple-fi scal year obligations including 

refunding bonds that may be issued as a lower or higher rate of interest 

and including debt that may have a redemption prior to maturity with or 

without payment of a premium, payable from all revenues generated 

by said tax increase, federal funds, investment income, public and 

private contributions, and other revenues as the board may determine, 

and with such revenues raised by the sales tax rate increase and the 

proceeds of debt obligations and any investment income on such 

revenues and proceeds being exempt from the revenue and spending 

restrictions contained in section 20 of Article X of the State constitution 

until such time as all debt is repaid when the rate of tax will be 

decreased to that amount necessary for the continued operation of the 

system but not less than six-tenths of one percent?”

Yes

No

Thank you for voting!

Press the Cast Vote Button to cast your vote.

Ballot Measure 114: Financing for Mass Transit

Vote yes or no Vote yes or no Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

National Contests State Contests Local Contests Retentions Referenda

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Family Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Court of Appeals

Instructions

To vote, touch the button next to a name. A green “X” will appear. 

To undo your choice, touch the button again. It will disappear.

How to vote

To write in a name, touch the button next to “or write-in.” A blinking 

“X” will appear. Type in a name with the keyboard directly below the 

screen. Touch the arrow keys to move forward and backward as you 

write. When you are fi nished, touch the Enter Button. 

To undo your write-in, touch the button next to “or write-in” again. 

The “X” will disappear.

How to write in a name Casting your vote

Candid

To cast your vote, press the Cast Vote Button.

Make sure you are fi nished voting before you press the Cast 

Vote Button.

Vote for up to 3

Vote for up to 5

Cast Vote Button

Make sure you are fi nished voting 

before you press the Cast Vote Button.

15% actual size

Full-face DRE ballots

C

B

A

D
4.8 Design

A

75% actual size

1

Full-face DRE ballots Election information

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 
4.9 Full-face DRE ballots Design

A

Election information specifi cations

Information defining the specifics of the election 

should be placed above the left column of the face 

of every ballot page outside the area used by the 

voter and the scanner. Content should include the 

statement “Official Ballot,” along with election 

type, location, and date. Local laws may require that 

additional information be included.

Information

On ballots with space constraints, election 

information may be set at a minimum size. For ballots 

with more available space, larger type is encouraged.

Minimum size type for all: Univers 65 Bold, 

size 18 pt., leading 20 pt., tracking -20, 100% 

black, left aligned.

Maximum size type for title: Univers 65 Bold, 

size 36 pt., leading 40 pt., tracking -20, 100% 

black, left aligned.

Maximum size type for location and date: 

Univers 65 Bold, size 30 pt., leading 34 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

1

Election information

Discussion 

Although this is important content, it should not be 

set so large that it affects the amount of room left for 

instructions and ballot content actually used by the 

voter. 
4.10 Full-face DRE ballots Design Ballot instructions

B

Casting your vote

To cast your vote, press the Cast Vote Button.

Make sure you are fi nished voting before you press the Cast 

Vote Button.

To write in a name, touch the button next to “or write-in.” A blinking 

“X” will appear. Type in a name with the keyboard directly below the 

screen. Touch the arrow keys to move forward and backward as you 

write. When you are fi nished, touch the Enter Button. 

To undo your write-in, touch the button next to “or write-in” again. 

The “X” will disappear.

How to write in a name

To vote, touch the button next to a name. A green “X” will appear. 

To undo your choice, touch the button again. It will disappear.

How to vote

Candid

Instructions

4

3

2

1

all 50% actual size

5

6
4.11 Full-face DRE ballots Design

Ballot instruction specifi cations

Specifi cations for each instruction element are 

referenced by number below.

Main head

This header defi nes the complete instructions area 

for the voter. 

Fill: 100% process cyan, 0.75” height,

extends full width of the instructions area.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% white, left aligned, set 0.2” 

from left edge of fi ll, centered between top and 

bottom of fi ll.

Background fi ll

4.5 pt. white line between background tint and 

main head. 4.5 pt. white line between each 

instruction. 

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column and 0.2” above all instructions and 0.2” 

below the longest instruction.

Subhead

Begins 0.2” below top of fi ll.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.2” from 

left edge of fi ll.

Illustration

Begins 0.2” below bottom of title.

Size: 0.2” inset from column width on both sides; 

height determined by most effective display of 

illustration (typically 1.5” to 3”).

Stroke: 0.75 pt. line, 100% black.

Instruction text

Begins 0.2” from the right edge of illustration.

Type: Univers 45 Light, size 14 pt., leading 17 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.2” from 

left edge of fi ll.

Alerts

These should be used only for critical instructions, 

such as actions that may invalidate a voter’s ballot. 

Begins 0.2” below baseline of instruction content.

Attention icon: 0.375” diameter, 100% process 

cyan, set 0.2” from right edge of illustration.

Type: Univers 45 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 17 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% process cyan, left aligned, set 

0.2” from left edge of illustration and 0.2” below 

Attention icon.

Discussion

The decision to apply color only to instructions is the 

result of feedback from optical scan ballot usability 

testing and literacy experts.

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample 

for review.

Illustrative diagrams that accurately reflect the ballot 

type and equipment further clarify instructions and 

processes.

These illustrations are available at www.eac.gov.

Informational icons are used to draw attention to 

unique or important areas of the ballot or to improve 

the voter’s ability to scan dense information. 

Political party icons are not encouraged as literacy 

experts and design professionals believe they simply 

confuse many voters.

1

2

4

3

5

6

Ballot instructions

B
4.12 Full-face DRE ballots Design

C

Ballot navigation

Thank you for voting!

Press the Cast Vote Button to cast your vote.

1

2

Cast Vote Button

Make sure you are fi nished voting 

before you press the Cast Vote Button.

3

4

5 National Contests

all 75% actual size
4.13 Full-face DRE ballots Design

Ballot navigation specifi cations

Specifi cations for each instruction element are 

referenced by number below.

Instruction fi ll

Navigational instructions should be placed at the 

end of the fi nal column, to tell the voter what to do 

next.

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column and 0.2” above and below all content.

Instruction content

Begins 0.2” below top of fi ll.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.2” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Alerts

These should be employed only for critical 

instructions, such as actions that may invalidate 

a voter’s ballot. Begins 0.2” below baseline of 

instruction content.

Attention icon: 0.375” diameter, 100% process cyan, 

set 0.2” from left edge of fi ll.

Type: Univers 45 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% process cyan, left aligned, set 

0.2” below instruction content and 0.2” below 

Attention icon.

Cast Vote arrow

Use the Cast Vote arrow to designate the location of 

the Cast Vote Button below the ballot.

Cast Vote arrow icon: 1.5” diameter, 100% black, set 

1.0” above the bottom edge of the ballot, directly 

above the Cast Vote Button.

Contest head

This header defi nes each separate contest area for 

the voter; it begins at the top of the column.

Fill: 100% black, extends full width of the contest 

area, using multiple columns if necessary, 0.2” above 

topmost ascender, and 0.2” below lowest baseline of 

type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% white, left aligned, set 0.2” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom of 

fi ll.

1

2

3

Ballot navigation

C

4

Discussion

These ballot navigation guides help indicate important 

steps.

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample 

for review.

Informational icons such as arrows and exclamation 

points can be used to draw attention to unique or 

important areas of the ballot, or to improve the voter’s 

ability to scan dense information.

These informational icons are available at

www.eac.gov. 

The decision to apply color only to instructions is the 

result of feedback from optical scan ballot usability 

testing and literacy experts.

5
4.14 Full-face DRE ballots Design

1

2

3

4

all 75% actual size

Contest questions

D

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Vote for 1

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

Board of Education Member:

City of Springfi eld

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

Vote for up to 5

President and

Vice-President 

of the United States

Vote for 1 pair

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne

and

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua
4.15 Full-face DRE ballots Design

Contest question specifi cations

Contest question components include borders 

that separate contests, titles, special instructions, 

candidate/ticket information, and choices.

Border

This border defines the top, left, and bottom sides of 

the contest component.

Top line: 4.5 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width 

of the column.

Left line: 1.5 pt. line, 100% black.

Bottom line: 1.5 pt. line, 100% black, extends full 

width of the column; placed 0.2” below last content 

in column.

Contest title

This header defi nes each contest question; it begins 

directly below the top border. 

Fill: 15% black, extends full width of the column, 

0.2” above topmost ascender, and 0.2” below 

lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.2” 

from left edge of fi ll, centered between top and 

bottom of fi ll.

Contest instructions

This area defi nes each contest’s instructions; it 

begins directly below the header. 

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.2” above topmost ascender, and 0.2” 

below lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.2” 

from left edge of fi ll, centered between top and 

bottom of fi ll.

1

2

3

Contest questions

D

Special instructions

When new or modifi ed instructions are introduced, 

they should be called out to alert the voter. These are 

set identically to standard contest instructions, with 

the addition of an Attention icon.

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.2” above topmost ascender, and 0.2” 

below lowest baseline of type.

Attention icon: 0.375” diameter, 100% process cyan, 

set 0.2” from left edge of fi ll, centered between top 

and bottom of fi ll.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.2” from 

left edge of icon, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Discussion

Informational icons such as exclamation points and 

arrows are offered to draw attention to unique or 

important areas of the ballot or to improve the voter’s 

ability to scan dense information.

These informational icons are available at

www.eac.gov. 

The use of political party icons is not encouraged as 

literacy experts and design professionals believe they 

simply confuse many voters.

The decision to apply color only to instructions is the 

result of feedback from optical scan ballot usability 

testing and literacy experts.

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample for 

review.

The phrase “Vote for 1 pair” is recommended best 

practice by simple language experts.

Specifi cations continue on next page

4
4.16 Full-face DRE ballots Design

5

6

7

Contest questions, cont.

D

all 75% actual size

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Vote for 1

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

Board of Education Member:

City of Springfi eld

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

Vote for up to 5

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:
4.17 Full-face DRE ballots Design

Contest question specifi cations, continued

Candidate information

First name begins 0.2” below bottom of instructions 

fi ll; on ballots with set selection locations, the 

distance may need to be greater. Subsequent names 

should begin 0.2” below separation line of previous 

candidate. Names should be set as close as possible 

to the selection location.

Name type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 

16 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Party type: Univers 45 Light, size 14 pt., leading 

16 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

On contests with a two-person ticket, the word 

“and” should be placed alone on a separate line 

between the two candidate names.

Separation line

Each candidate option should be followed by a line 

to clearly define it, even if it is the final option in a 

particular contest. Line should be placed no less than 

0.2” below the bottom of candidate information; on 

ballots with set selection locations, the distance may 

need to be greater. Line should also be located 0.2” 

above top of following candidate name, if applicable. 

Line: 0.375 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

column area allowed for candidates. 

Write-in

Begins 0.2” below fi nal line of previous candidate.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Write-in line: 0.75 pt. line, dashed 4 pt./4 pt., 

100% black, extends full width of column area 

allowed for candidates.

5

6

7

D

Contest questions, cont.

Discussion

All candidates in any given contest should be given 

the same amount of vertical space. If a candidate’s 

name must break onto a second line, the vertical 

space for all candidates should be changed to match. 

Place the selection square to the left of the candidate/

ticket name as shown on page 4.16. 
4.18

1

2

4

3

5

6

D

Full-face DRE ballots Design Retention questions

75% actual size

Keep Elmer Hull 

as Associate Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Yes

No

Keep Susan Esquer

as Associate Justice of the 

State Court of Appeals, 

5th Appellate District, Division 

2?

Yes

No

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Court of Appeals
4.19 Full-face DRE ballots Design

Retention question specifi cations

Retention questions include borders that separate 

each question, titles, special instructions, the 

question, and the choices. 

Border

This border defi nes the top, left, and bottom sides 

of the question.

Top: 3.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

the column.

Left: 1.5 pt. line, 100% black.

Bottom: 1.5 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width 

of the column; placed 0.2” below last content in 

column.

Retention title

This header defi nes each retention question; it 

begins directly below the top border. 

Fill: 15% black, extends full width of the column, 

0.2” above topmost ascender, and 0.2” below 

lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.2” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Retention instructions

This area defi nes each question’s instructions; it 

begins directly below the header. 

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

column, 0.2” above topmost ascender, and 0.2” 

below lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.2” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Retention content

Presents the retention question clearly to the voter; 

the judge’s name should be bold to add emphasis. 

Begins 0.2” below bottom of instructions fi ll.

Content type: Univers 45 Light, size 14 pt., leading 

17 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Name type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 

17 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

1

2

4

3

5

6

Retention selection options

First selection option should begin 0.2” below 

baseline of content; on ballots with set selection 

locations, the distance may need to be greater. 

Subsequent options should begin 0.2” below final 

line of the previous option. Options should be set as 

close as possible to the selection location. 

Option type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 

pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Separation line

Each selection option should be followed by a line 

to clearly define it, even if it is the final option in 

a particular question. Line should be placed 0.2” 

below baseline of selection option; on ballots with 

set selection locations, the distance may need to be 

greater. Line should also be located 0.2” above top of 

following option, if applicable.

Line: 0.375 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

column area allowed for selection options. 

Discussion

The decision to apply color only to instructions is the 

result of feedback from optical scan ballot usability 

testing and literacy experts. 

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample 

for review.

All names in any given retention question should 

be given the same amount of vertical space. If a 

candidate’s name must break onto a second line, the 

vertical space for all candidates should be changed to 

match. 

Place the selection square to the left of the judge’s 

name as shown on page 4.18.

D

Retention questions
4.20 Full-face DRE ballots Design

1

2

4

3

5

6

D

Ballot measures

75% actual size

Vote yes or no

Ballot Measure 106: Limits on Private Enforcement of Unfair 

Business Competition Laws

Allows individual or class action “unfair business” lawsuits only if actual 

loss suffered; only government offi cials may enforce these laws on 

public’s behalf. Fiscal Impact: Unknown state fi scal impact depending 

on whether the measure increases or decreases court workload and 

the extent to which diverted funds are replaced. Unknown potential 

costs to local governments, depending on the extent to which diverted 

funds are replaced.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 111: 

Revenue Bonds for Renovation of Madison County Jail Facilities

Directs the Madison County Public Safety Authority, a building 

authority incorporated by Madison County and the City of Ijamsville 

pursuant to Section 346.27 of the State Code, for the purpose of 

acquiring, destroying, demolishing, improving, enlarging, equipping, 

furnishing, repairing, maintaining and operating one or more public 

buildings for the joint use of the County, the City or any school district 

which is part of the County, to issue its revenue bonds in an amount 

not exceeding $29,700,000 for the purpose of acquiring, constructing, 

furnishing, equipping, renovating and expanding existing jail facilities for 

the joint use of the County and the City.

Yes

No

Vote yes or no
4.21 Full-face DRE ballots Design

Ballot measure specifi cations

Ballot measure components include borders that 

separate each question, titles, instructions, the 

question, and the choices.

Border

This border defi nes the top, left, and bottom sides 

of the question.

Top: 3.0 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

the ballot measure area.

Left: 1.5 pt. line, 100% black.

Bottom: 1.5 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width 

of the ballot measure area; placed 0.2” below last 

content in ballot measure area.

Ballot measure title

This header defi nes each separate ballot measure 

question; it begins directly below the top border. 

Fill: 15% black, extends full width of the ballot 

measure area, 0.2” above topmost ascender, and 

0.2” below lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.2” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Ballot measure instructions

This area defi nes each question’s instructions; it 

begins directly below the header. 

Fill: 10% process cyan, extends full width of the 

ballot measure area, 0.2” above topmost ascender, 

and 0.2” below lowest baseline of type.

Type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 pt., 

tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned, set 0.2” from 

left edge of fi ll, centered between top and bottom 

of fi ll.

Ballot measure content

Presents the ballot measure question clearly to the 

voter; it begins 0.2” below bottom of instructions 

fill, set 0.2” from left border. In a two-column ballot 

measure area, space for text should extend to 0.2” 

from the right edge of the ballot measure area. In 

a three-column ballot measure area, the space for 

text should extend no wider than 6”. 

Content type: Univers 45 Light, size 14 pt., leading 

17 pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

1

2

4

3

5

6

Ballot measures

D

Ballot measure selection options

First selection option should begin 0.2” below 

baseline of content; on ballots with set selection 

locations, the distance may need to be greater. 

Subsequent options should begin 0.2” below final 

line of previous option. Options should be set as close 

as possible to the selection location, ideally in the leftmost column of the ballot measure area. 

Option type: Univers 65 Bold, size 14 pt., leading 16 

pt., tracking -20, 100% black, left aligned.

Separation line

Each selection option should be followed by a line 

to clearly define it, even if it is the final option in 

a particular question. Line should be placed 0.2” 

below baseline of selection option; on ballots with 

set selection locations, the distance may need to be 

greater. Line should also be located 0.2” above top of 

following option, if applicable. 

Line: 0.375 pt. line, 100% black, extends full width of 

ballot measure area allowed for selection options.

Discussion

A primary voter criticism of ballots is the length and 

complexity of ballot measures. It is imperative that 

these questions be written in the simplest language 

possible. Many jurisdictions also provide summaries. 

The typesetting of the ballot measure text is critical. 

Too many or too few characters per line inhibit 

legibility and comprehension. The goal should be 40–

60 characters per line. Research indicates that many 

users find line lengths of more than 60 characters or 

less than 20 characters hard to read. 

There is a direct relationship between type size 

and line spacing (leading). Lines of type that are too 

close together or too far apart inhibit legibility and 

comprehension. Ballot measure content in these best 

practices is set at 14 points, with 3 points of leading.

The decision to apply color only to instructions is the 

result of feedback from optical scan ballot usability 

testing and literacy experts. 

Depending on the printer, paper used, and other 

production variables, the percentages specifi ed 

for fi lls (e.g., 10% process cyan) may need to be 

adjusted. The vendor should provide a test sample for 

review.
4.22 Full-face DRE ballots

Samples 

Full-face DRE ballot design best practices samples appear on pages 4.23–4.25. 

For the one-color version, specifications that vary from those outlined in the 

Design section are detailed opposite the example. 

The ballot content used in these samples was originally developed by the National 

Institute of Standards and Technology to illustrate a “moderately complex” ballot. 

Although it is impossible to cover every ballot scenario, most general election 

ballot layout issues can be addressed using this content. 

Electronic files 

The electronic fi les that were used to create these best practices are available at 

www.eac.gov.

They are provided in two formats: Acrobat (.pdf) and InDesign (.indd).*

Each item has a unique identifi cation number and fi le name. For example, 

the Acrobat fi le of the illustration on the next page is “FullFace_1L_VersionA.pdf.”

How to work with the samples and electronic fi les

The Acrobat fi les can be printed on an offi ce printer (depending on paper size), or 

by a local vendor with digital printing capabilities (printing fi rms and copy shops 

often have digital printing capabilities). Printed versions of these samples will serve 

as an important reference during the ballot design and production process.

InDesign fi les are template fi les that can be edited. The illustrative diagrams used 

in the InDesign fi les are also available at www.eac.gov. These fi les end with 

“.eps” and can also be edited. Access to Adobe InDesign page layout software 

and to software that can edit .eps fi les (e.g., Adobe Illustrator) is necessary. 

Working with a designer who has access to—and expertise in—these software 

programs is recommended.

Alternatively, these items can be recreated in other page layout programs using 

the production specifi cations provided on pages 4.6–4.21; the Acrobat .pdf fi les 

as a visual guide; and, if appropriate, the illustration fi les provided. Using nonlayout 

programs, such as those commonly used to write text-only documents, is not 

appropriate or recommended. 

*The EAC does not endorse any specifi c product or vendor. The best practices illustrated 

throughout this document do not rely on specifi c software, products, or vendors. For copyright 

reasons, the EAC cannot supply election offi cials with the fonts used in the InDesign fi les. 

They are available from numerous suppliers.
4.23 Full-face DRE ballots

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

President and

Vice-President 

of the United States

Vote for 1 pair

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne

and

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Vote for 1

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

State Attorney General

Vote for 1

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

or write-in:

State Treasurer

Vote for 1

Richard Sorenson

Blue

David Price

Yellow

or write-in:

State Senator:

31st District

Vote for 1

Edward Shiplett

Blue

Marty Talarico

Yellow

or write-in:

State Assemblyman:

31st District

Vote for 1

Andrea Solis

Blue

Amos Keller

Yellow

or write-in:

County Commissioners

Camille Argent

Blue

Chloe Witherspoon

Blue

Amanda Marracini

Yellow

Charlene Hennessey

Yellow

Eric Savoy

Yellow

Sheila Moskowitz

Purple

Mary Tawa

Orange

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

State Court of Appeals Judge: 

4th Seat

Vote for 1

Michael Marchesani

or write-in:

Water Commissioner:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for 1

Orville White

Blue

Gregory Seldon

Yellow

or write-in:

Chief of Police:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for 1

Tracy Wittgenstein

Blue

Hugh Stup

Yellow

Reid Fiester

Purple

or write-in:

Harvey Eagle

Blue

Randall Rupp

Blue

Carroll Shry

Yellow

Beverly Barker

Yellow

Donald Davis

Yellow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

City Councilperson:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for up to 3

Board of Education Member:

City of Springfi eld

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

Yes

No

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Keep Robert Demergue

as Chief Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Keep Elmer Hull 

as Associate Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Yes

No

Keep Susan Esquer

as Associate Justice of the 

State Court of Appeals, 

5th Appellate District, Division 

2?

Yes

No

Keep Rita Zheng

as Associate Justice of 

State Family Court, 3rd District?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment C:

Increased Tobacco Taxes

Shall state taxes be increased $175 million annually through 

additional tobacco taxes imposed for health related purposes, and, 

in connection therewith, amending the State constitution to increase 

statewide taxes on the sale of cigarettes by wholesalers of three and 

two-tenths cents per cigarette and on the sale, use, consumption, 

handling, or distribution of other tobacco products by distributors at 

the rate of twenty percent of the manufacturer’s list price; increasing 

such tobacco taxes effective January 1, 2005; requiring annual 

appropriations of specifi ed percentages of the additional tobacco 

tax revenues to expand eligibility for and increase enrollment in the 

children’s basic health plan, to fund comprehensive primary medical 

care through certain State qualifi ed providers, tobacco education 

programs, and prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer 

and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, to compensate the state 

general fund, the old age pension fund, and local governments for 

tobacco tax losses resulting from reduced sales of cigarettes and 

tobacco products; specifying that the appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues shall be in addition to and not substituted for 

appropriations for such programs on January 1, 2005; allowing the use 

of additional tobacco tax revenues for any health related purpose and 

to serve populations enrolled in the children’s basic health plan and 

the state medical assistance program as of January 1, 2005, upon a 

declaration of a state fi scal emergency by two-thirds of the members 

of each house of the general assembly and the governor; prohibiting 

the repeal or reduction of existing taxes imposed on cigarettes and 

other tobacco products; excluding all additional tobacco tax revenues 

from fi scal year spending for purposes of section 20 of Article X of 

the State constitution; and exempting appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues from the statutory limitation on general fund 

appropriations growth or any other existing spending limitation?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment D:

Recovery of Damages Relating to Construction

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution concerning 

recovery of damages relating to construction of real property 

improvements, and, in connection therewith, prohibiting laws that 

limit or impair a property owner’s right to recover damages caused 

by a failure to construct an improvement in a good and workmanlike 

manner; defi ning “good and workmanlike manner” to include 

construction that is suitable for its intended purposes; and permitting 

exceptions for laws that limit punitive damages, afford governmental 

immunity, or impose time limits of specifi ed minimum lengths on fi ling 

lawsuits?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment H: 

Limit of Damages for Health Care Providers

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution allowing the 

State legislature to enact laws limiting the amount of damages for 

noneconomic loss that could be awarded for injury or death caused by 

a health care provider?

“Noneconomic loss” generally includes, but is not limited to, losses 

such as pain and suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of 

capacity for enjoyment of life, loss of consortium, and other losses 

the claimant is entitled to recover as damages under general law. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of damages for 

ecomonic loss under State law. “Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the economic value of domestic 

services, loss of employment or business opportunities. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of any additional 

damages known under State law as exemplary or punitive damages, 

which are damages allowed by law to punish a defendant and to deter 

persons from engaging in similar conduct in the future.

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment K: 

Slot Machines in Madison/Fromwit Counties

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution authorizing 

Madison and Fromwit Counties to hold referenda on whether to 

authorize slot machines in existing, licensed parimutuel facilities 

(thoroughbred and harness racing, greyhound racing, and jai alai) that 

have conducted live racing or games in that county during each of the 

last two calendar years before effective date of this amendment?

The Legislature may tax slot machine revenues, and any such taxes 

must supplement public education funding statewide. Requires 

implementing legislation. This amendment alone has no fi scal impact 

on government. If slot machines are authorized in Madison or Fromwit 

counties, governmental costs associated with additional gambling will 

increase by an unknown amount and local sales tax-related revenues 

will be reduced by $5 milliion to $8 million annually. If the Legislature 

also chooses to tax slot machine revenues, state tax revenues from 

Madison and Fromwit counties combined would range from $200 

million to $500 million annually.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 101: Open Primaries

Requires primary elections where voters may vote for any state or 

federal candidate regardless of party registration of voter or candidate. 

The two primary-election candidates receiving most votes for an 

offi ce, whether they are candidates with no party or members of same 

or different party, would be listed on general election ballot. Exempts 

presidential nominations. Fiscal Impact: No signifi cant net fi scal effect 

on state and local governments.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 106: Limits on Private Enforcement of Unfair 

Business Competition Laws

Allows individual or class action “unfair business” lawsuits only if actual 

loss suffered; only government offi cials may enforce these laws on 

public’s behalf. Fiscal Impact: Unknown state fi scal impact depending 

on whether the measure increases or decreases court workload and 

the extent to which diverted funds are replaced. Unknown potential 

costs to local governments, depending on the extent to which diverted 

funds are replaced.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 111: 

Revenue Bonds for Renovation of Madison County Jail Facilities

Directs the Madison County Public Safety Authority, a building 

authority incorporated by Madison County and the City of Ijamsville 

pursuant to Section 346.27 of the State Code, for the purpose of 

acquiring, destroying, demolishing, improving, enlarging, equipping, 

furnishing, repairing, maintaining and operating one or more public 

buildings for the joint use of the County, the City or any school district 

which is part of the County, to issue its revenue bonds in an amount 

not exceeding $29,700,000 for the purpose of acquiring, constructing, 

furnishing, equipping, renovating and expanding existing jail facilities for 

the joint use of the County and the City.

Yes

No

Shall regional transportation district taxes be increased $158.34 million 

annually and by whatever additional amounts are raised annually 

thereafter by increasing the rate of sales tax levied by the district by 

four-tenths of one percent, from the current six-tenths of one percent 

to one percent commencing January 1, 2005 and, in connection 

therewith, shall regional transportation district debt be increased 

$3.477 billion, with a repayment cost of $7.129 billion with all proceeds 

of debt and taxes to be used and spent for the construction and 

operation of a fi xed guide way mass transit system, the construction 

of additional park-n-ride lots, the expansion and improvement of 

existing park-n-ride lots, and increased bus service, including the use of 

smaller buses and vans and alternative fuel vehicles as appropriate, as 

specifi ed in the transit expansion plan adopted by the board of directors 

of the district on or before April 22, 2004 and shall debt be evidenced 

by bonds, notes, or other multiple-fi scal year obligations including 

refunding bonds that may be issued as a lower or higher rate of interest 

and including debt that may have a redemption prior to maturity with or 

without payment of a premium, payable from all revenues generated 

by said tax increase, federal funds, investment income, public and 

private contributions, and other revenues as the board may determine, 

and with such revenues raised by the sales tax rate increase and the 

proceeds of debt obligations and any investment income on such 

revenues and proceeds being exempt from the revenue and spending 

restrictions contained in section 20 of Article X of the State constitution 

until such time as all debt is repaid when the rate of tax will be 

decreased to that amount necessary for the continued operation of the 

system but not less than six-tenths of one percent?”

Yes

No

Thank you for voting!

Press the Cast Vote Button to cast your vote.

Ballot Measure 114: Financing for Mass Transit

Vote yes or no Vote yes or no Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

National Contests State Contests Local Contests Retentions Referenda

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Family Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Court of Appeals

Instructions

To vote, touch the button next to a name. A green “X” will appear. 

To undo your choice, touch the button again. It will disappear.

How to vote

To write in a name, touch the button next to “or write-in.” A blinking 

“X” will appear. Type in a name with the keyboard directly below the 

screen. Touch the arrow keys to move forward and backward as you 

write. When you are fi nished, touch the Enter Button. 

To undo your write-in, touch the button next to “or write-in” again. 

The “X” will disappear.

How to write in a name Casting your vote

Candid

To cast your vote, press the Cast Vote Button.

Make sure you are fi nished voting before you press the Cast 

Vote Button.

Vote for up to 3

Vote for up to 5

Cast Vote Button

Make sure you are fi nished voting 

before you press the Cast Vote Button.

Samples Version A

File name

FullFace_1L_VersionA

See pages 4.8–4.21 

for additional production 

specifi cations. 

15% actual size
4.24 Full-face DRE ballots

1

2

3

4

Samples One-color version

15% actual size 15% actual size

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

President and

Vice-President 

of the United States

Vote for 1 pair

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne

and

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Vote for 1

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

State Attorney General

Vote for 1

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

or write-in:

State Treasurer

Vote for 1

Richard Sorenson

Blue

David Price

Yellow

or write-in:

State Senator:

31st District

Vote for 1

Edward Shiplett

Blue

Marty Talarico

Yellow

or write-in:

State Assemblyman:

31st District

Vote for 1

Andrea Solis

Blue

Amos Keller

Yellow

or write-in:

County Commissioners

Camille Argent

Blue

Chloe Witherspoon

Blue

Amanda Marracini

Yellow

Charlene Hennessey

Yellow

Eric Savoy

Yellow

Sheila Moskowitz

Purple

Mary Tawa

Orange

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

State Court of Appeals Judge: 

4th Seat

Vote for 1

Michael Marchesani

or write-in:

Water Commissioner:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for 1

Orville White

Blue

Gregory Seldon

Yellow

or write-in:

Chief of Police:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for 1

Tracy Wittgenstein

Blue

Hugh Stup

Yellow

Reid Fiester

Purple

or write-in:

Harvey Eagle

Blue

Randall Rupp

Blue

Carroll Shry

Yellow

Beverly Barker

Yellow

Donald Davis

Yellow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

City Councilperson:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for up to 3

Board of Education Member:

City of Springfi eld

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

Yes

No

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Keep Robert Demergue

as Chief Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Keep Elmer Hull 

as Associate Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Yes

No

Keep Susan Esquer

as Associate Justice of the 

State Court of Appeals, 

5th Appellate District, Division 

2?

Yes

No

Keep Rita Zheng

as Associate Justice of 

State Family Court, 3rd District?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment C:

Increased Tobacco Taxes

Shall state taxes be increased $175 million annually through 

additional tobacco taxes imposed for health related purposes, and, 

in connection therewith, amending the State constitution to increase 

statewide taxes on the sale of cigarettes by wholesalers of three and 

two-tenths cents per cigarette and on the sale, use, consumption, 

handling, or distribution of other tobacco products by distributors at 

the rate of twenty percent of the manufacturer’s list price; increasing 

such tobacco taxes effective January 1, 2005; requiring annual 

appropriations of specifi ed percentages of the additional tobacco 

tax revenues to expand eligibility for and increase enrollment in the 

children’s basic health plan, to fund comprehensive primary medical 

care through certain State qualifi ed providers, tobacco education 

programs, and prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer 

and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, to compensate the state 

general fund, the old age pension fund, and local governments for 

tobacco tax losses resulting from reduced sales of cigarettes and 

tobacco products; specifying that the appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues shall be in addition to and not substituted for 

appropriations for such programs on January 1, 2005; allowing the use 

of additional tobacco tax revenues for any health related purpose and 

to serve populations enrolled in the children’s basic health plan and 

the state medical assistance program as of January 1, 2005, upon a 

declaration of a state fi scal emergency by two-thirds of the members 

of each house of the general assembly and the governor; prohibiting 

the repeal or reduction of existing taxes imposed on cigarettes and 

other tobacco products; excluding all additional tobacco tax revenues 

from fi scal year spending for purposes of section 20 of Article X of 

the State constitution; and exempting appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues from the statutory limitation on general fund 

appropriations growth or any other existing spending limitation?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment D:

Recovery of Damages Relating to Construction

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution concerning 

recovery of damages relating to construction of real property 

improvements, and, in connection therewith, prohibiting laws that 

limit or impair a property owner’s right to recover damages caused 

by a failure to construct an improvement in a good and workmanlike 

manner; defi ning “good and workmanlike manner” to include 

construction that is suitable for its intended purposes; and permitting 

exceptions for laws that limit punitive damages, afford governmental 

immunity, or impose time limits of specifi ed minimum lengths on fi ling 

lawsuits?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment H: 

Limit of Damages for Health Care Providers

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution allowing the 

State legislature to enact laws limiting the amount of damages for 

noneconomic loss that could be awarded for injury or death caused by 

a health care provider?

“Noneconomic loss” generally includes, but is not limited to, losses 

such as pain and suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of 

capacity for enjoyment of life, loss of consortium, and other losses 

the claimant is entitled to recover as damages under general law. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of damages for 

ecomonic loss under State law. “Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the economic value of domestic 

services, loss of employment or business opportunities. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of any additional 

damages known under State law as exemplary or punitive damages, 

which are damages allowed by law to punish a defendant and to deter 

persons from engaging in similar conduct in the future.

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment K: 

Slot Machines in Madison/Fromwit Counties

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution authorizing 

Madison and Fromwit Counties to hold referenda on whether to 

authorize slot machines in existing, licensed parimutuel facilities 

(thoroughbred and harness racing, greyhound racing, and jai alai) that 

have conducted live racing or games in that county during each of the 

last two calendar years before effective date of this amendment?

The Legislature may tax slot machine revenues, and any such taxes 

must supplement public education funding statewide. Requires 

implementing legislation. This amendment alone has no fi scal impact 

on government. If slot machines are authorized in Madison or Fromwit 

counties, governmental costs associated with additional gambling will 

increase by an unknown amount and local sales tax-related revenues 

will be reduced by $5 milliion to $8 million annually. If the Legislature 

also chooses to tax slot machine revenues, state tax revenues from 

Madison and Fromwit counties combined would range from $200 

million to $500 million annually.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 101: Open Primaries

Requires primary elections where voters may vote for any state or 

federal candidate regardless of party registration of voter or candidate. 

The two primary-election candidates receiving most votes for an 

offi ce, whether they are candidates with no party or members of same 

or different party, would be listed on general election ballot. Exempts 

presidential nominations. Fiscal Impact: No signifi cant net fi scal effect 

on state and local governments.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 106: Limits on Private Enforcement of Unfair 

Business Competition Laws

Allows individual or class action “unfair business” lawsuits only if actual 

loss suffered; only government offi cials may enforce these laws on 

public’s behalf. Fiscal Impact: Unknown state fi scal impact depending 

on whether the measure increases or decreases court workload and 

the extent to which diverted funds are replaced. Unknown potential 

costs to local governments, depending on the extent to which diverted 

funds are replaced.”

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 111: 

Revenue Bonds for Renovation of Madison County Jail Facilities

Directs the Madison County Public Safety Authority, a building 

authority incorporated by Madison County and the City of Ijamsville 

pursuant to Section 346.27 of the State Code, for the purpose of 

acquiring, destroying, demolishing, improving, enlarging, equipping, 

furnishing, repairing, maintaining and operating one or more public 

buildings for the joint use of the County, the City or any school district 

which is part of the County, to issue its revenue bonds in an amount 

not exceeding $29,700,000 for the purpose of acquiring, constructing, 

furnishing, equipping, renovating and expanding existing jail facilities for 

the joint use of the County and the City.

Yes

No

Shall regional transportation district taxes be increased $158.34 million 

annually and by whatever additional amounts are raised annually 

thereafter by increasing the rate of sales tax levied by the district by 

four-tenths of one percent, from the current six-tenths of one percent 

to one percent commencing January 1, 2005 and, in connection 

therewith, shall regional transportation district debt be increased 

$3.477 billion, with a repayment cost of $7.129 billion with all proceeds 

of debt and taxes to be used and spent for the construction and 

operation of a fi xed guide way mass transit system, the construction 

of additional park-n-ride lots, the expansion and improvement of 

existing park-n-ride lots, and increased bus service, including the use of 

smaller buses and vans and alternative fuel vehicles as appropriate, as 

specifi ed in the transit expansion plan adopted by the board of directors 

of the district on or before April 22, 2004 and shall debt be evidenced 

by bonds, notes, or other multiple-fi scal year obligations including 

refunding bonds that may be issued as a lower or higher rate of interest 

and including debt that may have a redemption prior to maturity with or 

without payment of a premium, payable from all revenues generated 

by said tax increase, federal funds, investment income, public and 

private contributions, and other revenues as the board may determine, 

and with such revenues raised by the sales tax rate increase and the 

proceeds of debt obligations and any investment income on such 

revenues and proceeds being exempt from the revenue and spending 

restrictions contained in section 20 of Article X of the State constitution 

until such time as all debt is repaid when the rate of tax will be 

decreased to that amount necessary for the continued operation of the 

system but not less than six-tenths of one percent?”

Yes

No

Thank you for voting!

Press the Cast Vote Button to cast your vote.

Ballot Measure 114: Financing for Mass Transit

Vote yes or no Vote yes or no Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

National Contests State Contests Local Contests Retentions Referenda

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Family Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Court of Appeals

Instructions

To vote, touch the button next to a name. A green “X” will appear. 

To undo your choice, touch the button again. It will disappear.

How to vote

To write in a name, touch the button next to “or write-in.” A blinking 

“X” will appear. Type in a name with the keyboard directly below the 

screen. Touch the arrow keys to move forward and backward as you 

write. When you are fi nished, touch the Enter Button. 

To undo your write-in, touch the button next to “or write-in” again. 

The “X” will disappear.

How to write in a name Casting your vote

Candid

To cast your vote, press the Cast Vote Button.

Make sure you are fi nished voting before you press the Cast 

Vote Button.

Vote for up to 3

Vote for up to 5

Cast Vote Button

Make sure you are fi nished voting 

before you press the Cast Vote Button.

File name

FullFace_1L_1Color

See pages 4.8–4.21 

for additional production 

specifi cations. 
4.25 Full-face DRE ballots

One-color version specifi cations

If circumstances dictate that ballots be printed in only 

one color, certain adjustments should be made to the 

specifications. 

Instruction title

Rather than process cyan, this title should be 

100% black.

Instructional fi lls

For all background fills, change from process cyan 

to 10% black. This includes the fills used with all 

ballot instructions, all question instructions, and all 

navigational instructions. 

Alert and navigation icons

For all background fills, change from process cyan 

to 10% black. This includes the fills used with all 

ballot instructions, all question instructions, and all 

navigational instructions. 

Question titles

To create appropriate contrast from question 

instructions, all question header fills should be 20% 

black rather than the 15% used on two-color ballots.

1

2

3

4

Samples One-color version
5.1 Rolling DRE ballots

Effective Designs for the

Administration of Federal Elections

Section 5: Rolling DRE ballots

June 2007

U.S. Election Assistance Commission
5.2 Rolling DRE ballots

Rolling direct-recording electronic (DRE) 

ballot interface

This section has three parts: (1) planning process information; (2) an overview of the 

basic rolling DRE voting process, and (3) illustrations of core screen templates.

Planning 

The planning section on pages 5.4 and 5.5 outlines how to incorporate resources 

into your ballot development and production process; areas in which those 

resources may be of assistance; and when those activities should occur. It offers 

tips on possible challenges and opportunities. 

Voting process

This section describes the basic linear voting experience offered by our rolling 

DRE ballot. Core user activities in all DRE systems include voting, reviewing votes, 

casting votes, getting help, and adjusting screen settings.

Design templates

Essential screen templates, designed in support of primary values for the DRE 

voting process (page 5.6) are outlined on pages 5.32–5.37. 

Voter audience

This section details interface solutions for voters able to interact with a standard 

rolling DRE touchscreen input. Solutions use text sizes stipulated in 2005 Voluntary 

Voter System Guidelines (VVSG). Ballot instructions, labels, and navigation are 

written in simple language to support comprehension by voters at a third-grade 

reading level.

Rolling DRE specifi cations are based on information design principles, primary 

research fi ndings, and accessibility requirements cited in VVSG section 3.2.

Investigation into the design of hardware leading to fully accessible voting solutions 

is strongly encouraged but was not a part of this effort—the contractor did not work 

with vendors on this particular aspect. 

Final materials have been informed by an iterative research process involving 

reviews of existing products and practices, usability evaluations with representative 

voters, and interviews with elections professionals, subject matter experts, and 

poll workers. Without collaboration with vendors, design recommendations do not 

address the critical relationship between interaction design and hardware that many 

people with disabilities rely upon to vote. The best practices in this section focus 

exclusively on screen interactions.

Areas of further study

System solutions for alternative input/output variations (combining tactile, audio, 

and visual toolsets) and accessible prototypes for a Voter-Verifi ed Paper Audit Trail 

(VVPAT) are recommended.
5.3 Rolling DRE ballots

Suggestions for best practices

The general election rolling DRE ballot prototypes shown on the following pages 

are based on VVSG, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines, research 

fi ndings, and information design principles. 

— Emphasize voter needs over administrative and vendor requirements. Ensure that 

default screen settings (type size, color use, contrast levels) are usable for the 

broadest range of voters as is reasonably possible.

— Process should be clear. Voters should always know where they are in the 

process. At the contest level, voters should know how to vote in a particular 

contest or question and know how many votes they have remaining in multiselection contests.

— Ensure that screen settings for language choices, text size, contrast, and audio 

support are readily available and easy to change.

— Use simple language for all content. Studies show that clear and concise writing 

is benefi cial to voters of all literacy levels. Rewriting ballot instructions and voter 

information materials using simple language increases usability and, on the voter’s 

behalf, accuracy. 

— Use color functionally to emphasize important information, highlight processes, 

and support usability needs. However, the use of color cannot be the sole means 

of conveying information or making distinctions. Some other noncolor mode such 

as contrast, icon, text style, etc., must complement the color. This is a mandatory 

VVSG requirement to address color blindness.

— Ensure that voters can review their voting record and change their votes from any 

point in the ballot.

— Ensure that voters can easily compare their on-screen voting record with their 

printed record. Provide redundant confirmations before a ballot is cast.

— Use upper- and lowercase sans serif type, set at a minimum of 25 points, for all 

ballot content voters will read. Given a choice between adequate type size and 

reducing the need to scroll lengthy referenda text, ballots with larger type were 

found to be more usable, even if voters needed to scroll. Avoid setting text in a 

centered alignment. Avoid setting text in all capital letters. Minimize the number of 

fonts used.

— Consideration should be given to candidate name order being rotated from 

precinct to precinct, so that all candidates will be listed fi rst in roughly an equal 

number of precincts. 

— Use instructional icons only. Universally recognized icons such as arrows are 

acceptable and encouraged.

Research fi ndings

Detailed fi ndings that support the DRE ballot design best practices are in section 7.
5.4 Rolling DRE ballots

Planning process

The planning table on the following page outlines additional resources and steps that 

can be taken to ensure that ballot content and design best address voter needs.

These recommendations are based on the best practices in Cook County, Illinois, 

and the pilot test preparations in Nebraska.

Planning goals

These additional resources can help ensure that:

 — Content is easily understood by voters, including those with low vision 

and literacy issues.

 — The visual organization of the content supports ease of use and confi dence in the 

process.

 — Any necessary translations are accurate and sensitive to cultural differences 

in language and expression.

Planning value by role/resource

S — imple-language expert ensures that instructions and other ballot content are 

written in the most effective manner to help all voters (not just low-literacy voters) 

understand and follow instructions, and feel confi dent that they have properly cast 

their ballots.

— Information designer organizes the ballot content—text, graphics, illustrations—in 

a manner that is clear, simple, and functional, and that supports and enhances 

the voter’s comprehension of the content and voting process. (Note: The design 

fi eld is very broad; it is important to work with a designer who has expertise in the 

organization and presentation of complex information.) 

— Usability expert works with the information designer to develop review, testing, 

and revision processes that improve the ballot’s overall effectiveness, accuracy, 

and usability.

— ensures proper grammatical, syntactic, and structural character of the Translator

content, and appropriate use of local dialect variations. Accurate translations are 

vital for non-English-speaking voters, and online translations are often misleading, 

unclear, or simply wrong (for Spanish translations, see EAC document “Glossary 

of Key Election Terminology, English-Spanish, 2007”).

— Cultural expert reviews translated material to ensure that the translations are 

accurate and culturally relevant, and that their visual presentation is appropriate. 
5.5 Rolling DRE ballots Planning process

Production steps before election cycle

Resources Planning, design, and usability activities Tips

1. Election

Offi cial

Use the current election to establish a baseline for 

future work. Get voter feedback before starting, 

not just afterward.

Establish an approval process/team. Determine 

who must sign off on improvements at each 

phase.

2. Election

Offi cial

Choose an objective, professional resource to 

take ownership of information design challenges.

Simultaneously hire a designer and a usability 

professional who can offer additional feedback.

Partner with a policy advisor who can help guide 

design improvements through the necessary 

legislative processes.

Whenever possible, hire a local person who will 

be able to meet with offi cials and the extended 

production team (vendors, printers, etc.).

Provide the designer with poll worker training, as 

well as any feedback from voters or poll workers.

Provide the designer with a complete list of current

election documents and legal requirements.

3. Designer and 

Usability Expert

Review and become familiar with election design 

standards and recommendations.

Understand variance between EAC best practices 

and local requirements for poll worker and voter 

materials.

4. Election

Offi cial

Estimate value of design improvements.

Gauge impact of the redesign process during

the next election planning cycle.

Resources during election cycle

Resources Content development activities Tips

Simple-Language 

Expert

Edit fi nal English-language content for low-literacy 

voters.

Translator Translate content for non-English-speaking voters. Understand the translator’s requirements before 

the election: data formats, time line, etc.

Have a third-party expert review the translated 

materials after the initial draft. Legal advisors may 

need to review the materials after simple language 

and design have been incorporated.

Alternative

Language/

Cultural Expert

Review translated content in each alternative 

language for cultural relevancy.

Translation services may not be aware of possible 

cultural sensitivities of translated material.

Designer Election offi cial provides designer with fi nal 

content for different materials, in English and 

other languages, after they have been reviewed by 

simple language and cultural experts.
5.6 Rolling DRE ballots

Voting process

The rolling DRE interface design in this section supports intentional ballot 

completion by voters. Content, design, functionality, and navigation elements have 

each been developed to support this primary goal.

The interface design is based on VVSG statements on accessible type sizes for 

electronic displays. This default type size minimizes the screen setting steps 

required of low vision and it eliminates the need for many to adjust type size at 

all. This accessible type size allows language selection to be the fi rst screen the 

voter sees. A voter can then receive all ballot content in their preferred language—

without resorting to the “help” section or requesting help from a poll worker.

Depending on screen resolution and screen orientation, more candidates may 

be displayed than are shown in the examples. If there are more candidates than 

will fi t on one screen, an alternative would be to reduce button size based on the 

following criteria:

VVSG minimum button height is 0.5 inches and the minimum distance between 

buttons is 0.1 inches. Using the accessible type size illustrated here, buttons could 

be reduced to .62 inches in height (the accessible type size will not comfortably fi t 

in a button only 0.5 inches in height) and the distance between buttons could be 

decreased to 0.1 inches to allow more names to appear on the screen at one time.

Key features of the voter’s experience are as follows:

— Clear, simple instructions

— Completion indicators 

— Persistent review/edit access prior to casting vote

— Undervoting notifi cations

— Easy to access help, instructions, and screen settings

The central rolling DRE flow (shown on the following pages) is organized in a linear 

voting sequence. This sequence fi rst presents the core voting tasks and options, 

followed by optional or nonrequired paths (such as accessing voting help).

Core tasks include:

— Selecting a language

— Voting

— Reviewing choices

— Casting the ballot

Optional tasks:

— Accessing help

— Adjusting settings

Experience fl ow

The map on the next page presents an overview of the primary voting path and 

the navigational options that move users between task “sections.” A map of the 

Help and adjustment screens, which are accessible from all points in the primary 

path, appears on the right-hand page. 

A detailed walkthrough of the core path begins on page 5.9.
5.7 Rolling DRE ballots Voting process Screen fl owchart

“Review your 

choices” or 

complete 

last question

To submit a name, touch 

the keypad letters to 

spell out the fi rst and last 

names of the candidate. 

To remove or change 

letters, touch “Delete”. 

To add space between 

names, touch “Space”.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

To cancel your 

submission touch 

“Cancel”. Your name

will not be added.

State contests

A B C D E F

G H I J K L

M N O P Q R

S T U V W X

Y Z Space . –

 Delete

JOH_

7

Cancel Accept

U.S. Senator

2 of 26

Review your choices Skip

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

1 of 26

National contests

Back Review your choices Back Skip

Choose Yes or No

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a choice. 

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch the other choice. 

Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court

Retain Robert Demergue as Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court?

Judicial retention

No

Yes

15 of 26 Review your choices Back Skip

Choose Yes or No

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a choice. 

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch the other choice. 

Ballot Measure 114: Financing for Mass Transit

Shall regional transportation district taxes be increased $158.34 million annually 

and by whatever additional amounts are raised annually thereafter by increasing 

the rate of sales tax levied by the district by four-tenths of one percent, from 

the current six-tenths of one percent to one percent commencing January 1, 

2005 and, in connection therewith, shall regional transportation district debt be 

increased $3.477 billion, with a repayment cost of $7.129 billion with all proceeds 

of debt and taxes to be used and spent for the construction and operation of a 

fi xed guide way mass transit system, the construction of additional park-n-ride 

lots, the expansion and improve-ment of existing park-n-ride lots, and increased 

bus service, including the use of smaller buses and vans and alternative fuel 

vehicles as appropriate, as specifi ed in and vans and alternative fuel vehicles as 

appropriate, as specifi ed in as specifi ed in and vans and alternative fuel vehicles 

Referenda

Text continues, touch here to read more

No

Yes

26 of 26

Vote in English

Vote en Español

Wählen Sie Deutsch

Eleggere l’italiano

Eleja português

Voter le français

Έˁ̂ڸԀ

Your ballot has been cast!

Thank you for voting!

National contests

1. President and Vice-President of the United States

State contests

2. U.S. Senator

3. U.S. Representative

4. State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

How to review

Read each name and 

review each selection 

carefully. Use the yellow 

buttons to scroll up 

and down through your 

choices. When you are 

done, you will review 

your choices on paper.

How to change a vote

To change your vote, 

touch a check mark. To 

add a vote, touch an 

empty box.

Review your choices on screen

Return to voting Accept and print

No selection made. Touch here if you would like to vote on this question.

Read more

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Dennis Weiford Blue 

Yes

No, go back and review my choices

Do you want to cast your ballot?

“Begin voting”

Begin voting

Learn how to use this ballot

See a list of the questions

Change screen settings

Welcome! What would you like to do?

General Election Springfi eld County, Nebraska Tuesday, November 07, 2006

President and Vice-President of the United States

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink

U.S. Senator

Dennis Weiford Blue

U.S. Representative

-- 

State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

State Attorney General 

Christian Poole Blue

State Treasurer

Richard Sorenson Blue

How to confi rm

The illustration at right 

tells you where your 

votes are printed. Read 

each name carefully. 

Make sure your choices 

are correct. Make sure 

your choices match the 

names on the screen.

When you are done, 

touch “Cast my vote”. 

How to change a vote

To change a vote, touch 

“Back”.

Confi rm your choices on paper

Back Cast my vote

Read more

“Return to voting” or 

touch unselected 

question

“Accept and print”

“Cast your

ballot”

“Yes”

President and Vice-President of the United States

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink

U.S. Senator

Dennis Weiford Blue

U.S. Representative

-- 

State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

State Attorney General 

Christian Poole Blue

State Treasurer

Richard Sorenson Blue

How to confi rm

The illustration at right 

tells you where your 

votes are printed. Read 

each name carefully. 

Make sure your choices 

are correct. Make sure 

your choices match the 

names on the screen.

When you are done, 

touch “Cast my vote.” 

How to change a vote

To change a vote, touch 

“Back.”

Confi rm your choices on paper

Back Cast my vote

Read more

Selection confi rmation

President and Vice-President of the United States

Christian Poole Blue

State Treasurer

Richard Sorenson Blue

How to confi rm

The illustration at right 

tells you where your 

votes are printed. Read

each name carefully.

Make sure your cho

are correct. Make su

your choices match

names on the scree

When you are done

touch “Cast my vote

How to change a 

To change a vote, to

“Back.”

Confi rm your choices on paper

Attention

You have not voted on every contest or question. 

You are not required to vote every contest or 

question. What would you like to do?

Review your choices

Cast your ballot

“No, go back 

and review 

my choices”

“Review your

choices”

“Back”

“Cast my vote” with 

unvoted questions

“Cast my vote” with 

votes on all questions 

Select

language

Vote

Review

Cast
5.8 Rolling DRE ballots

Adjust 

settings

Get help

Voter process Screen fl owchart

Using the ballot

Submitting candidates not on the ballot

Reviewing and casting your votes

Changing screen settings

What do you need help with?

Back

Using the ballot

There are instructions 

on each screen that will 

tell you how to vote and 

how many votes you may 

choose.

When you have 

completed your selection 

touch the green “Next” 

button to go to the next 

contest. 

You may review the 

selections you have 

made at any time by 

touching the “Review 

your selections” button. 

You are not required to 

vote every contest or 

question. Your ballot will 

still be counted.

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Charles Layne and Andrew Kowalski Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand-MacDougall and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

1 of 26 Next

Back Return to ballot

“Help” [from any

ballot screen]

“Changing screen 

settings”

Using the ballot

There are instructions 

on each screen that will 

tell you how to vote and 

how many votes you may 

choose.

When you have 

completed your selection 

touch the green “Next” 

button to go to the next 

contest. 

You may review the 

selections you have 

made at any time by 

touching the “Review 

your selections” button. 

You are not required to 

vote every contest or 

question. Your ballot will 

still be counted.

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Charles Layne and Andrew Kowalski Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand-MacDougall and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

1 of 26 Next

Back Return to ballot

Using the ballot

There are instructions 

on each screen that will 

tell you how to vote and 

how many votes you may 

choose.

When you have 

completed your selection 

touch the green “Next” 

button to go to the next 

contest. 

You may review the 

selections you have 

made at any time by 

touching the “Review 

your selections” button. 

You are not required to 

vote every contest or 

question. Your ballot will 

still be counted.

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Charles Layne and Andrew Kowalski Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand-MacDougall and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

1 of 26 Next

Back Return to ballot

Text size

Language

Screen color and/or contrast

Audio

Which setting would you like to change?

Reset all settings to default

Back

Vote in English

Vote en Español

Wählen Sie Deutsch

Eleggere l’italiano

Which language do you prefer?

Eleja português

Voter le français

̂㗩Έˁڸ

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

Back Accept

Color

White on black

Black on white

Which setting do you prefer?

Back

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

Accept

Please select a volume level:

5

4

3

2

1

Off

Back Accept

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

3

2

1

0

Use this text size

Use this text size

Please select from the following options:

Back

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

Accept

Use this text size

“Return to ballot” 

[returns to

original screen]

“Return to ballot” 

[returns to

original screen]

“Return to ballot” 

[returns to

original screen]

“Accept” [returns to

original screen]

“Accept” [returns to

original screen]

“Accept” [returns to

original screen]

“Accept” [returns to

original screen]

“Back” [to the

original screen] 

“Back” [to the

original screen] 

“Text size” [from any

ballot screen]

“Audio” [from any

ballot screen]

“Back”

[to Help 

screen]

“Change screen settings”

[from Welcome screen]

“Back” [to original 

ballot screen]

“Back”

[to Welcome screen]
5.9 Rolling DRE ballots Voting process Getting started

Vote in English

Vote en Español

Wählen Sie Deutsch

Eleggere l’italiano

Eleja português

Voter le français

Έˁ̂ڸԀ

Begin voting

Learn how to use this ballot

See a list of the questions

Change screen settings

Welcome! What would you like to do?

General Election Springfi eld County, Nebraska Tuesday, November 07, 2006

Review your choices Skip

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

1 of 26

National contests

Back

Language selection screen

Before any voting takes place, voters are asked to 

choose their preferred language. 

When the voter selects the language, the Welcome 

screen (below) appears in the chosen language.

The screen can accommodate up to nine language 

buttons.

The voter can change the language through the 

“Help” button from any screen on the ballot. 

Contest screen

After the voter touches the “Begin voting” button 

(above), the fi rst contest screen appears and the 

voter can begin voting.

Welcome screen

All content appears in the selected language.

The “Begin voting” button 1 takes the voter to the 

fi rst contest screen (below). 

Options to learn how to the use the ballot 2 , to see 

a list of the ballot’s contests and questions 3 , and to 

change screen settings 4 are also offered. 

Persistent Audio, Text size, and Help options are 

introduced in the top band. 

Language selection, Welcome, and Voting

2

4

3

1
5.10 Rolling DRE ballots Voting process Voting

Review your choices Skip

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

1 of 26

National contests

Back

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

1 of 26 Next

Review your choices Back Skip

Vote for 1 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a name.

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another name. 

U.S. Senator

2 of 26

State contests

Dennis Weiford Blue

Touch here to submit another name

Heather Portier Gold

John Hewetson Orange

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton Purple

Lloyd Garriss Yellow

Victor Martinez Pink

Contest screen

A “voter counter” indicates the number of votes 

remaining. Instructions explain how to make a 

selection and how to change a selection.

The voter is given a large touch area.

If the voter chooses to skip a contest by touching the 

“Skip” button 1 , the next contest screen will appear.

After the voter touches the “Next” button, the 

next contest screen appears and the above sequence 

is repeated.

When the voter makes a selection, it is highlighted 

by a check mark, color change, and contrast change.

Vote counter changes to indicate “0” votes 

remaining.

The navigation button 2 changes from “Skip” to 

“Next,” and the color changes to green.

Voting: single selection

1

2
5.11 Rollling DRE ballots Voting process Voting

Review your choices Back Skip

Mary Tawa Orange

Sheila Moskowitz Purple 

Eric Savoy Yellow 

Charlene Hennessey Yellow 

Amanda Marracini Yellow

Chloe Witherspoon Blue

Camille Argent Blue

Vote for up to 3 

You have 3 choices left

To vote, touch a name. 

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To undo your choice 

touch the name again. 

The check mark will 

disappear.

You may vote for fewer 

than three candidates.

County Commissioners

Local contests

Touch here to see additional candidates

9 of 26

Review your choices Back Skip

Touch here to submit another name

Mary Tawa Orange

Sheila Moskowitz Purple 

Charlene Hennessey Yellow 

Chloe Witherspoon Blue

Vote for up to 3 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a name. 

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To undo your choice 

touch the name again. 

The check mark will 

disappear.

You may vote for fewer 

than three candidates.

Local contests

9 of 26 Next

Amanda Marracini Yellow

Eric Savoy Yellow

Touch here to see additional candidates

Touch here to see additional candidates

County Commissioners

Review your choices Back Skip

Choose Yes or No

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a choice. 

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch the other choice. 

Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court

Retain Robert Demergue as Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court?

Judicial retention

No

Yes

15 of 26

Contest screen

A vote counter indicates the number of votes 

remaining.

If the voter chooses to skip a contest by touching the 

“Skip” button 1 , the next contest screen will appear. 

With lengthy lists of candidates, scrolling may be 

necessary. Color and shape are used to differentiate 

scroll buttons from candidate buttons.

After the voter touches the “Next” button, the 

next question screen appears and the above 

sequence is repeated.

Voter makes selection. Selection is highlighted 

via check mark, color change, and contrast change.

The vote counter changes to indicate the number of 

votes remaining.

The navigation button 2 changes from “Skip” to 

“Next,” and the color changes to green.

Voting: multiple selections

1

2
5.12 Rolling DRE ballots Voting process “Write-in” votes

Review your choices Skip

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

1 of 26

National contests

Back

To submit a name, touch 

the keypad letters to 

spell out the fi rst and last 

names of the candidate. 

To remove or change 

letters, touch “Delete”. 

To add space between 

names, touch “Space”.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

To cancel your 

submission touch 

“Cancel”. Your name

will not be added.

State contests

A B C D E F

G H I J K L

M N O P Q R

S T U V W X

Y Z Space . –

 Delete

JOH_

7

Cancel Accept

U.S. Senator

2 of 26

Review your choices Back

JOHN MOES

U.S. Senator

Dennis Weiford Blue

Heather Portier Gold

John Hewetson Orange

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton Purple

Lloyd Garriss Yellow

Vote for 1 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a name.

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another name. 

2 of 26 Next

State contests

Victor Martinez Pink

Contest screen

The voter chooses to submit a candidate not listed on 

the ballot (“Write-in”) and touches the button labeled 

“Touch here to submit another candidate” 1 .

The voter moves to the “Write-in” screen. 

Contest screen

The submitted name appears on the contest screen

4 .

The voter may touch the “Next” button to move on 

to the next screen.

If the voter selects an existing name, the “Write-in” 

button will return to its original state and the new 

selection will be highlighted.

Write-in screen

Instructions specify the keypad entry method. 

The voter has the option to cancel 2 or accept 3 an 

entry. 

Once the choice is accepted, the voter is returned 

to the contest screen. Touching either the “Cancel” 

or “Accept” navigation buttons returns the voter to 

the previous contest screen.

The A-B-C keypad format is the current standard 

among electronic voting machines.

Voting: submitting names not on the ballot (write-in)

Voting

3

2

4

1
5.13 Rolling DRE ballots

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

1 of 26 Next

National contests

1. President and Vice-President of the United States

State contests

2. U.S. Senator

3. U.S. Representative

4. State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

How to review

Read each name and 

review each selection 

carefully. Use the yellow 

buttons to scroll up 

and down through your 

choices. When you are 

done, you will review 

your choices on paper.

How to change a vote

To change your vote, 

touch a check mark. To 

add a vote, touch an 

empty box.

Review your choices on screen

Return to voting Accept and print

No selection made. Touch here if you would like to vote on this question.

Read more

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Dennis Weiford Blue 

Review screen

Touching the “Return to ballot” button 2 returns the 

voter to the previous contest or question.

The Review screen shows the updated list of votes 

upon each return.

Voting process

1

Contest screen

From any point in the ballot the voter may access 

the review screen by touching the “Review your 

choices” button 1 . 

2

Accessing review

Accessing the review screen
5.14 Rolling DRE ballots Voting process Reviewing on screen

National contests

1. President and Vice-President of the United States

State contests

2. U.S. Senator

3. U.S. Representative

4. State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

How to review

Read each name and 

review each selection 

carefully. Use the yellow 

buttons to scroll up 

and down through your 

choices. When you are 

done, you will review 

your choices on paper.

How to change a vote

To change your vote, 

touch a check mark. To 

add a vote, touch an 

empty box.

Review your choices on screen

Return to voting Accept and print

No selection made. Touch here if you would like to vote on this question.

Read more

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Dennis Weiford Blue 

Review your choices Back Skip

Vote for 1 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a name.

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another name. 

U.S. Representative

3 of 26

State contests

Brad Plunkard Blue

Touch here to submit another name

Glen Tawney Orange

Brad Schott Purple

Bruce Reeder Yellow

Carroll Forrest Pink

Review your choices

National contests

1. President and Vice-President of the United States

State contests

2. U.S. Senator

3. U.S. Representative

4. State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

How to review

Read each name and 

review each selection 

carefully. Use the yellow 

buttons to scroll up 

and down through your 

choices. When you are 

done, you will review 

your choices on paper.

How to change a vote

To change your vote, 

touch a check mark. To 

add a vote, touch an 

empty box.

Review your choices on screen

Return to voting Accept and print

Read more

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Dennis Weiford Blue 

Carroll Forrest Pink

Revised review screen

The new or revised selection is indicated on the 

updated review screen. 

Voter can continue to review their choices or move 

on to printing theirpaper verifi ed ballot.

Voting screen

At the voting screen the voter can make or revise a 

selection. 

Touching the “Review your choices” button 2

returns voters to the review page—at the point in the 

list from which they left. 

Alternatively, the voter can touch the “Next/Skip” 

button and move to the next contest screen.

1

Review screen

Voters use the scroll buttons to review their list of 

votes. 

Any unvoted or undervoted contests or questions 1

are clearly indicated.

Touching a name again or touching a button that 

indicates an unvoted or undervoted contest or 

question takes the voter to that contest screen.

As shown here, the buttons that indicate a selection 

match the buttons the voter is familiar with from 

the voting screens. 

3

2

Reviewing and revising choices
5.15 Rolling DRE ballots Voting process

Your ballot has been cast!

Thank you for voting!

Confi rming and casting

Review your choices

National contests

1. President and Vice-President of the United States

State contests

2. U.S. Senator

3. U.S. Representative

4. State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

How to review

Read each name and 

review each selection 

carefully. Use the yellow 

buttons to scroll up 

and down through your 

choices. When you are 

done, you will review 

your choices on paper.

How to change a vote

To change your vote, 

touch a check mark. To 

add a vote, touch an 

empty box.

Review your choices on screen

Return to voting Accept and print

Read more

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Dennis Weiford Blue 

Carroll Forrest Pink

President and Vice-President of the United States

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink

U.S. Senator

Dennis Weiford Blue

U.S. Representative

-- 

State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

State Attorney General 

Christian Poole Blue

State Treasurer

Richard Sorenson Blue

How to confi rm

The illustration at right 

tells you where your 

votes are printed. Read 

each name carefully. 

Make sure your choices 

are correct. Make sure 

your choices match the 

names on the screen.

When you are done, 

touch “Cast my vote”. 

How to change a vote

To change a vote, touch 

“Back”.

Confi rm your choices on paper

Back Cast my vote

Read more

Yes

No, go back and review my choices

Do you want to cast your ballot?

Review screen

If all contests and questions have been voted on and 

the voter is satisfi ed with the on-screen review, the 

voter touches the “Accept and print” button 1 .

The voter then moves to the confi rm choices screen. 

Cast ballot screen

The Cast ballot screen gives voters one more 

opportunity to go back to the review screen 3 , or 

they can touch the “Yes” button 4 and fi nish. 

Confi rm choices screen

This screen shows a facsimile of the printed verifi ed 

ballot which the voter may match with the printed 

verifi ed ballot (not shown). These two items should 

be identical.

To accept the paper verifi ed ballot, the voter touches 

the “Cast my vote” button 2 . 

If the voter notices inconsistencies between the 

verifi ed ballot (paper) and the voting tally on screen, a 

poll worker should be notifi ed.

Confi rming selections, printing verifi ed ballot, and casting the ballot

1

3

4

2
5.16 Rolling DRE ballots Voting process

President and Vice-President of the United States

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink

U.S. Senator

Dennis Weiford Blue

U.S. Representative

-- 

State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

State Attorney General 

Christian Poole Blue

State Treasurer

Richard Sorenson Blue

How to confi rm

The illustration at right 

tells you where your 

votes are printed. Read 

each name carefully. 

Make sure your choices 

are correct. Make sure 

your choices match the 

names on the screen.

When you are done, 

touch “Cast my vote.” 

How to change a vote

To change a vote, touch 

“Back.”

Confi rm your choices on paper

Back Cast my vote

Read more

Selection confi rmation

President and Vice-President of the United States

Christian Poole Blue

State Treasurer

Richard Sorenson Blue

How to confi rm

The illustration at right 

tells you where your 

votes are printed. Read

each name carefully.

Make sure your cho

are correct. Make su

your choices match

names on the scree

When you are done

touch “Cast my vote

How to change a 

To change a vote, to

“Back.”

Confi rm your choices on paper

Attention

You have not voted on every contest or question. 

You are not required to vote every contest or 

question. What would you like to do?

Review your choices

Cast your ballot

National contests

1. President and Vice-President of the United States

State contests

2. U.S. Senator

3. U.S. Representative

4. State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

How to review

Read each name and 

review each selection 

carefully. Use the yellow 

buttons to scroll up 

and down through your 

choices. When you are 

done, you will review 

your choices on paper.

How to change a vote

To change your vote, 

touch a check mark. To 

add a vote, touch an 

empty box.

Review your choices on screen

Return to voting Accept and print

No selection made. Touch here if you would like to vote on this question.

Read more

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Dennis Weiford Blue 

President and Vice-President of the United States

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink

U.S. Senator

Dennis Weiford Blue

U.S. Representative

-- 

State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

State Attorney General 

Christian Poole Blue

State Treasurer

Richard Sorenson Blue

How to confi rm

The illustration at right 

tells you where your 

votes are printed. Read 

each name carefully. 

Make sure your choices 

are correct. Make sure 

your choices match the 

names on the screen.

When you are done, 

touch “Cast my vote”. 

How to change a vote

To change a vote, touch 

“Back”.

Confi rm your choices on paper

Back Cast my vote

Read more

Review your choices

National contests

1. President and Vice-President of the United States

State contests

2. U.S. Senator

3. U.S. Representative

4. State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

How to review

Read each name and 

review each selection 

carefully. Use the yellow 

buttons to scroll up 

and down through your 

choices. When you are 

done, you will review 

your choices on paper.

How to change a vote

To change your vote, 

touch a check mark. To 

add a vote, touch an 

empty box.

Review your choices on screen

Return to voting Accept and print

Read more

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Dennis Weiford Blue 

Carroll Forrest Pink

Review screen

If all contests and questions have not been voted but 

the voter is satisfi ed with the on-screen review, the 

voter can touch the “Accept and print” button 1 .

An alert will appear cautioning that the voter has 

undervoted. 

Confi rm choices screen

This screen contains an on-screen facsimile of the 

printed verifi ed ballot which the voter may match with 

the printed verifi ed ballot (not shown). These two 

items should be identical.

To accept the paper verifi ed ballot, the voter touches 

the “Cast my vote” button 3 .

Undervote alert screen

This screen gives the voter two choices: either return 

to the review page and revise the ballot 2 or cast the 

ballot (even though it is undervoted).

Voters who choose to continue will move to the 

Confi rm screen. 

Confi rming selections, printing verifi ed ballot, and casting the ballot

1

2

3

Confi rming and casting
5.17 Rolling DRE ballots Voting process System alerts

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

How to vote

Touch a pair of names.

A check mark will appear 

to indicate your selection. 

To change your vote 

touch another pair.

1 of 26 Next

President and Vice-President of the United States

Vote for 1 pair

You have 0 choices left

How to vote

Touch a pair of nam

A check mark will a

to indicate your sele

To change your vote

touch another pair.

Attention

Continue voting

Go to the help section

Your ballot has been inactive for X minutes.

What would you like to do?

Speak to a poll worker

Your ballot will reset in X minute

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

1 of 26 Next

Using the ballot

Submitting candidates not on the ballot

Reviewing and casting your votes

Changing screen settings

What do you need help with?

Back

General alert. If a screen is inactive for a specifi ed 

number of minutes, an alert will appear with three 

choices for the voter: 1 to continue voting, 2 to go 

to the help section, or 3 to speak to a poll worker.

System alerts

1

3

2
5.18 Rolling DRE ballots Voting process Accessing help

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

1 of 26 Next

Using the ballot

Submitting candidates not on the ballot

Reviewing and casting your votes

Changing screen settings

What do you need help with?

Back

From any screen the voter can access the Help main 

screen by touching the “Help” button 1 .

Accessing help

1

Main help screen

This screen serves as a hub, with four choices: 

the “Using the ballot” 2 , “Submitting candidates 

not on the ballot” 3 , and “Reviewing and casting 

your votes” 4 buttons all take the voter to detailed 

instructions on those topics. The fourth button, 

“Change screen settings” 5 , leads to another hub, 

where voters can adjust language, text size, screen 

contrast, and color and turn on audio.

The background color for all Help screens changes 

to a darker gray to alert voters that they have left the 

ballot area.

3

5

4

Using the ballot

There are instructions 

on each screen that will 

tell you how to vote and 

how many votes you may 

choose.

When you have 

completed your selection 

touch the green “Next” 

button to go to the next 

contest. 

You may review the 

selections you have 

made at any time by 

touching the “Review 

your selections” button. 

You are not required to 

vote every contest or 

question. Your ballot will 

still be counted.

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Charles Layne and Andrew Kowalski Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand-MacDougall and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

1 of 26 Next

Back Return to ballot

2

Using the ballot

Instruction screens provide detailed text instructions 

combined with an animation loop that highlights key 

features and processes.
5.19 Rolling DRE ballots Voting process

Using the ballot

Submitting candidates not on the ballot

Reviewing and casting your votes

Changing screen settings

What do you need help with?

Back

Main help screen

At the main Help screen, when voters touch the 

“Changing screen settings” button 1 , they move to 

the main settings screen.

Changing screen settings

Changing settings

Text size

Language

Screen color and/or contrast

Audio

Which setting would you like to change?

Reset all settings to default

Back

Main change screen

The settings screen serves as a hub, with fi ve 

buttons: “Text size” 2 ; “Language” 3 ; “Screen 

color and contrast” 4 ; “Audio” (on/off and volume 

adjustment) 5 ; and “Return settings to default” 6 . 

Touching the “Languages” button moves the voter 

to a screen containing a list of languages as shown 

below.

Vote in English

Vote en Español

Wählen Sie Deutsch

Eleggere l’italiano

Which language do you prefer?

Eleja português

Voter le français

̂㗩Έˁڸ

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

Back Accept

5

4

2

6

3

1
5.20 Rolling DRE ballots

Vote in English

Vote en Español

Wählen Sie Deutsch

Eleggere l’italiano

Which language do you prefer?

Eleja português

Voter le français

̂㗩Έˁڸ

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

Back Accept

Language settings screen

To change the language the voter is using during the 

voting session, the voter goes to the main change 

settings screen (see previous page). The voter also 

goes to the main change settings screen to change 

any other available setting—text size, contrast, or 

audio. 

Changing screen settings, continued

Vote in English

Vote en Español

Wählen Sie Deutsch

Eleggere l’italiano

Which language do you prefer?

Eleja português

Voter le français

̂㗩Έˁڸ

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

Back Accept

The voter chooses a language by touching the 

choice. The choice is highlighted and the “Accept” 

button changes from a dimmed state to green color.

The voter can touch a different button to switch to 

another language. 

Review your choices Back Skip

Vote for 1 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a name.

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another name. 

U.S. Representative

3 of 26

State contests

Brad Plunkard Blue

Touch here to submit another name

Glen Tawney Orange

Brad Schott Purple

Bruce Reeder Yellow

Carroll Forrest Pink

Touching the “Accept” button returns the voter to the 

previous voting screen.

Voting process Changing settings
5.21 Rolling DRE ballots Voting process

Review your choices Back Skip

Vote for 1 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a name.

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another name. 

U.S. Representative

3 of 26

State contests

Brad Plunkard Blue

Touch here to submit another name

Glen Tawney Orange

Brad Schott Purple

Bruce Reeder Yellow

Carroll Forrest Pink

Available from every screen are two settings 

buttons, the “Audio” on/off and volume control 1 ; 

and the “Text size” setting button 2 . 

If the voter selects either of these buttons they will 

go directly to the appropriate settings page.

The audio settings button is not intended to replace 

conventional external audio setting hardware for low 

vision and blind voters. It is intended as a supplement 

for low-literacy voters or other voters who may have 

diffi culty using a text- and graphics-only interface.

Persistent audio and text setting options

Please select a volume level:

5

4

3

2

1

Off

Back Accept

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

3

2

1

0

Audio settings screen

The voter is instructed to begin setting the volume by 

touching the “1,” the lowest volume setting button. 

A test tone sounds and the voter can adjust the 

volume accordingly. The choice is highlighted and the 

“Accept” button changes from a dimmed state to a 

green color (see page 5.20). 

Touching the “Accept” button returns the voter to the 

previous screen. 

The voter can touch a different button to readjust the 

volume.

Use this text size

Use this text size

Please select from the following options:

Back

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

Accept

Use this text size

Text size settings screen 

Voters are instructed to choose their preferred text 

size. Touching the “Accept” button returns the voter 

to the previous voting screen.

Changing settings

2 1
5.22 Rolling DRE ballots

Design templates

The DRE ballot interface, similar to an optical scan ballot, comprises four main 

components:

A Election information (e.g., jurisdiction, general election date).

B Ballot instructions.

C Ballot navigation (including “next,” “back,” “help,” and “begin voting” buttons 

and screen numbers).

D Content area (including contests, retentions, and ballot measures, as well as 

settings, review, and casting options).

Review your choices Skip

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

1 of 26

National contests

Back

C

B

A

D

Electronic fi les

Electronic versions of these fi les are available at www.eac.gov. The fi les are 

provided in two formats: Acrobat (.pdf) and InDesign (.indd).* and are named 

“RollingDRE.pdf” and RollingDRE.indd.”

The templates illustrate the interface design and provide guidelines for the DRE 

ballot produced by a vendor. As most vendor code is proprietary, this is the only 

way we can provide best practices.

*The EAC does not endorse any specifi c product or vendor. The best practices illustrated 

throughout this document do not rely on specifi c software, products, or vendors. For copyright 

reasons, the EAC cannot supply election offi cials with the fonts used in the InDesign fi les. 

They are available from numerous suppliers.
5.23 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

Review your choices 1 of 26 Skip

National contests

Back

Voting, Review, 

and Casting area 

background

0 495 1280

7

954

1024

762 1029

25 495 762 966

Back Accept

Introductory, 

Help, and Settings 

background

Backgrounds
5.24 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

Vote in English

Vote en Español

Wählen Sie Deutsch

Eleggere l’italiano

Eleja português

Voter le français

Έˁ̂ڸԀ

Begin voting

Learn how to use this ballot

See a list of the questions

Change screen settings

Welcome! What would you like to do?

General Election Springfi eld County, Nebraska Tuesday, November 07, 2006

Language selection 

screen

Set up screens

Welcome screen
5.25 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

1 of 26 Next

Contest screen, 

single selection

To submit a name, touch 

the keypad letters to 

spell out the fi rst and last 

names of the candidate. 

To remove or change 

letters, touch “Delete”. 

To add space between 

names, touch “Space”.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

To cancel your 

submission touch 

“Cancel”. Your name

will not be added.

State contests

A B C D E F

G H I J K L

M N O P Q R

S T U V W X

Y Z Space . –

 Delete

JOH_

7

Cancel Accept

U.S. Senator

2 of 26

“Write-in” screen, 

single selection

Contests and questions
5.26 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

Review your choices Back Skip

Touch here to submit another name

Mary Tawa Orange

Sheila Moskowitz Purple 

Charlene Hennessey Yellow 

Chloe Witherspoon Blue

Vote for up to 3 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a name. 

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To undo your choice 

touch the name again. 

The check mark will 

disappear.

You may vote for fewer 

than three candidates.

Local contests

9 of 26 Next

Amanda Marracini Yellow

Eric Savoy Yellow

Touch here to see additional candidates

Touch here to see additional candidates

County Commissioners

Review your choices Back Skip

Choose Yes or No

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a choice. 

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch the other choice. 

Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court

Retain Robert Demergue as Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court?

Judicial retention

No

Yes

15 of 26

Contest screen, 

multiple selections 

with scrolling

Judicial retention 

screen

Contests and questions
5.27 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

Review your choices Back Skip

Choose Yes or No

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a choice. 

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch the other choice. 

Ballot Measure 114: Financing for Mass Transit

Shall regional transportation district taxes be increased $158.34 million annually 

and by whatever additional amounts are raised annually thereafter by increasing 

the rate of sales tax levied by the district by four-tenths of one percent, from 

the current six-tenths of one percent to one percent commencing January 1, 

2005 and, in connection therewith, shall regional transportation district debt be 

increased $3.477 billion, with a repayment cost of $7.129 billion with all proceeds 

of debt and taxes to be used and spent for the construction and operation of a 

fi xed guide way mass transit system, the construction of additional park-n-ride 

lots, the expansion and improve-ment of existing park-n-ride lots, and increased 

bus service, including the use of smaller buses and vans and alternative fuel 

vehicles as appropriate, as specifi ed in and vans and alternative fuel vehicles as 

appropriate, as specifi ed in as specifi ed in and vans and alternative fuel vehicles 

Referenda

Text continues, touch here to read more

No

Yes

26 of 26

Skip

Choose Yes or No

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a choice. 

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch the other choice. 

Ballot Measure 111:

Revenue Bonds for Renovation of Madison County Jail Facilities

Directs the Madison County Public Safety Authority, a building authority 

incorporated by Madison County and the City of Ijamsville pursuant to 

Section 346.27 of the State Code, for the purpose of acquiring, destroying, 

demolishing, improving, enlarging, equipping, furnishing, repairing, 

maintaining and operating one or more public buildings for the joint use 

of the County, the City or any school district which is part of the County, to 

issue its revenue bonds in an amount not exceeding $29,700,000 for the 

purpose of acquiring, constructing, furnishing, equipping, renovating and 

expanding existing jail facilities for the joint use of the County and the City.

Referenda

No

Review your choices Back 25 of 26 Next

Yes

Ballot measures 

screen, with 

scrolling

Ballot measures 

screen, no scrolling

Contests and questions
5.28 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

National contests

1. President and Vice-President of the United States

State contests

2. U.S. Senator

3. U.S. Representative

4. State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

How to review

Read each name and 

review each selection 

carefully. Use the yellow 

buttons to scroll up 

and down through your 

choices. When you are 

done, you will review 

your choices on paper.

How to change a vote

To change your vote, 

touch a check mark. To 

add a vote, touch an 

empty box.

Review your choices on screen

Return to voting Accept and print

No selection made. Touch here if you would like to vote on this question.

Read more

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Dennis Weiford Blue 

Review screen

President and Vice-President of the United States

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink

U.S. Senator

Dennis Weiford Blue

U.S. Representative

-- 

State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

State Attorney General 

Christian Poole Blue

State Treasurer

Richard Sorenson Blue

How to confi rm

The illustration at right 

tells you where your 

votes are printed. Read 

each name carefully. 

Make sure your choices 

are correct. Make sure 

your choices match the 

names on the screen.

When you are done, 

touch “Cast my vote”. 

How to change a vote

To change a vote, touch 

“Back”.

Confi rm your choices on paper

Back Cast my vote

Read more

Confi rmation screen

Review and confi rmation
5.29 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

Yes

No, go back and review my choices

Do you want to cast your ballot?

Casting query screen

Your ballot has been cast!

Thank you for voting!

Thank you for 

voting! screen

Casting
5.30 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

President and Vice-President of the United States

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink

U.S. Senator

Dennis Weiford Blue

U.S. Representative

-- 

State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

State Attorney General 

Christian Poole Blue

State Treasurer

Richard Sorenson Blue

How to confi rm

The illustration at right 

tells you where your 

votes are printed. Read 

each name carefully. 

Make sure your choices 

are correct. Make sure 

your choices match the 

names on the screen.

When you are done, 

touch “Cast my vote.” 

How to change a vote

To change a vote, touch 

“Back.”

Confi rm your choices on paper

Back Cast my vote

Read more

Selection confi rmation

President and Vice-President of the United States

Christian Poole Blue

State Treasurer

Richard Sorenson Blue

How to confi rm

The illustration at right 

tells you where your 

votes are printed. Read

each name carefully.

Make sure your cho

are correct. Make su

your choices match

names on the scree

When you are done

touch “Cast my vote

How to change a 

To change a vote, to

“Back.”

Confi rm your choices on paper

Attention

You have not voted on every contest or question. 

You are not required to vote every contest or 

question. What would you like to do?

Review your choices

Cast your ballot

Alerts

Undervoting alert 

screen

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

How to vote

Touch a pair of names.

A check mark will appear 

to indicate your selection. 

To change your vote 

touch another pair.

1 of 26 Next

President and Vice-President of the United States

Vote for 1 pair

You have 0 choices left

How to vote

Touch a pair of nam

A check mark will a

to indicate your sele

To change your vote

touch another pair.

Attention

Continue voting

Go to the help section

Your ballot has been inactive for X minutes.

What would you like to do?

Speak to a poll worker

Your ballot will reset in X minute

Inactive alert screen
5.31 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

Using the ballot

Submitting candidates not on the ballot

Reviewing and casting your votes

Changing screen settings

What do you need help with?

Back

Help

Main help screen

Using the ballot

There are instructions 

on each screen that will 

tell you how to vote and 

how many votes you may 

choose.

When you have 

completed your selection 

touch the green “Next” 

button to go to the next 

contest. 

You may review the 

selections you have 

made at any time by 

touching the “Review 

your selections” button. 

You are not required to 

vote every contest or 

question. Your ballot will 

still be counted.

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Charles Layne and Andrew Kowalski Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand-MacDougall and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

1 of 26 Next

Back Return to ballot

Help screen: using 

the ballot
5.32 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

Text size

Language

Screen color and/or contrast

Audio

Which setting would you like to change?

Reset all settings to default

Back

Settings

Main settings screen

Vote in English

Vote en Español

Wählen Sie Deutsch

Eleggere l’italiano

Which language do you prefer?

Eleja português

Voter le français

̂㗩Έˁڸ

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

Back Accept

Changing languages 

screen
5.33 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Settings Screen samples

Color

White on black

Black on white

Which setting do you prefer?

Back

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

Accept

Changing contrast 

and color screen

Please select a volume level:

5

4

3

2

1

Off

Back Accept

To turn on audio, 

touch the button 

marked “1” 

You will hear a test 

sound. 

To change volume, 

touch another button. 

To turn audio off, 

touch “Off.” 

Turning audio on/off, 

adjusting volume 

screen
5.34 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

Use this text size

Use this text size

Please select from the following options:

Back

To change your selection, 

touch another choice.

When ready, touch 

“Accept” to confi rm your 

choice and return to the 

ballot.

Accept

Use this text size

Settings

Changing text size 

screen
5.35 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Alternate settings Screen samples

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

President and Vice-President of the United States

Review your choices Back Skip

National contests

1 of 26

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

High contrast 

white-on-black 

screen

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

President and Vice-President of the United States

Review your choices Back Skip

National contests

1 of 26

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

High contrast 

black-on-white 

screen
5.36 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 1 choice 

left

To vote, touch a 

pair of names. A 

check mark will 

appear to confi rm 

your selection.

To change your 

vote, touch 

another pair of 

names. 

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Austin Hildebrand Pink

and James Garritty 

Review your choices Back Skip

National contests

1 of 26

Touch here to see additional candidates

Larger text setting 

screen

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a pair of names. 

A check mark will appear to 

confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, touch 

another pair of names. 

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

1 of 26

National contests

Review your choices Back Skip

Smaller text setting 

screen

Alternate settings
5.37 Rolling DRE ballots Design templates Screen samples

Typical Spanishlanguage contest 

screen

Typical Chineselanguage contest 

screen

Texto Ayuda

Revisar selecciones Atrás

Presidente y Vicepresidente de los Estados Unidos

Joseph Baarchi y Joseph Hallaren Azul

Toque aquí para agregar otro par de candidatos

Marzena Pazgier y Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp y Antoine Jefferson Gris

Martin Patterson y Clay Lariviere Oro 

Austin Hildebrand y James Garritty Rosa 

Alvin Boone y James Lian Naranja 

Daniel Court y Amy Blumhardt Violeta

Adam Cramer y Greg Vuoccolo Amarillo

Vote por 1 pareja

Ya no tiene más 

opciones.

Para votar, toque una 

pareja de nombres; 

aparecerá una marca 

para confi rmar su 

selección.

Para cambiar su voto, 

toque otra pareja de 

nombres.

1 / 26 Continuar

Elecciones nacionales

ࠁ੣ᑨ஁֝ਿᑨ஁

߾ສ˯ë˷ྡ֝߾ສ˯ëऻੀࡽᕈй

ቂᙯဋ௡㕾ჴΠյ̨ճуࡶ᎛ʇڅβϫ

ਡጏՋëךॗχၓ֝ܪၓྙë඘㚯ಣಢଡႌй

Φᘱ஢Ώë߉܊֝κЂឝëగಡჱОй

ਡʁëך॑ಸ֝Ѡ൦ë؂ຫ႖㚱ۂй

ฟಢʁëҺ㚱ᅮͦᚲᅮ֝གྷֹʧëႶຫࡁগߺй

ۇ㚯̂ëͦࣥ֝གྷֹʧëሁዼй

˃͡㚯ëЩࣥ॑֝кУëͦ؂ֹ܊ᅮിй

ՙັëѠ൦Ꮬ֝थྐथëၱฟ߱ު෧й

ӟ୯᎛ճуࡶ᎛ʇ

લᒿЊЏ᎛ያጆ๢

ӟ୯çቂᙯဋճуࡶ᎛ʇ

څβϫé๢̴୐ɿࡵሸ᎛

ᆥ৪ᇨვલڅ᎛ያé

ӣ᜶᎛୯çቂᙯဋյ̨ճ

уࡶ᎛ʇڅβϫé

1 / 26

ᒄ᎛ࣂ੣

Alternate settings
6.1 Nebraska pilot test

Effective Designs for the

Administration of Federal Elections

Section 6: Research report: Nebraska pilot test

June 2007

U.S. Election Assistance Commission
6.2 Nebraska pilot test

Nebraska pilot test overview

Preparing for an election can be a challenging, complicated process for election 

offi cials. Production cycles are organized around state-mandated deadlines that 

often leave narrow windows for successful content development, certifi cation, 

translations, and election design activities. By keeping election schedules tightly 

controlled and making uniform voting technology decisions for local jurisdictions, 

States aspire to error-free elections. Unfortunately, current practices rarely include 

time or consideration for user-centered design development to address the basic 

usability needs of voters.

As a part of this research effort, a pilot study was conducted using professionally 

designed voter information materials and optical scan ballots in two Nebraska 

counties on Election Day, November 7, 2006. A research contractor partnered with 

Nebraska’s Secretary of State’s Offi ce and their vendor, Elections Systems and 

Software (ES&S), to prepare redesigned materials for Colfax County and Cedar 

County (Lancaster County, originally included, opted out of participation). The goal 

was to gauge overall design success with voters and collaborate with experienced 

professionals within an actual production cycle with all its variables, time lines, and 

participants.

This case study reports the results of voter feedback on election materials, 

observations, and interviews from Election Day, and insights from a three-way 

attempt to utilize best practice design conventions. Data gathered in this study 

informs the fi nal optical scan ballot and voter information specifi cations in sections 

2 and 3 of the best practices documentation.

Pilot study goals

Pilot test goals were identifi ed within the following three categories:

Gain empirical knowledge of an elections production process 

— Understand production relationships between Nebraska offi cials and ES&S. 

— Understand legislated requirements and time lines in Nebraska affecting election 

design. 

— Understand how to successfully implement the professionally designed optical 

scan ballot and voter information guidelines. 

— Review historic election materials and processes.

Study the effectiveness of implemented guidelines on Election Day 

— Observe the success of designed materials in multiple polling environments. 

— Discuss materials with poll workers, voters, and offi cials for qualitative feedback. 

Analyze results and feedback 

— Compare current and historic election results to gauge design infl uence on voting 

success. 

— Compare fi nal Colfax County and Cedar County ballots. 

— Compare fi nal ballot designs against proposed design conventions. 

— Analyze success of voter information materials. 

— Analyze observation data. 
6.3 Nebraska pilot test Overview

Event goals

All research events (listed in section 7), including this case study, support activities 

guided by these core objectives: 

Clarify election offi cial, poll worker, and voter requirements in the following areas:

— Usable: Tasks can be accomplished effi ciently, accurately, and easily.

— Accessible: Materials are usable by people with disabilities.

— Language: English and non-English reading options are clear and understandable.

— Legible: Typewritten characters and paragraphs are easily read.

— Readable: Ideas presented are clear and easily understood.

— Learnable: Tools, skills, and new concepts are easily mastered.

— Credible: The voting process is authentic, capable, and trustworthy.

Clarify legislative requirements at State and county levels.

Clarify nonlegislative requirements.

Clarify production requirements:

— Scalable: Adjustments in content quantities are easily handled.

— Flexible: Adjustments to changing conditions are easily handled.

— Reusable: Re-creations are easy and effective. 

Clarify existing election offi cial and vendor practices.

Methodology

To achieve pilot test goals, the following qualitative research methods were used:

— Observations of Election Day materials and activities, from preproduction to the 

close of polls.

— Field interviews with poll workers, voters, and election offi cials.

— Reviews of historic election materials from Colfax County and Cedar County.
6.4 Nebraska pilot test

Date Activity/deadline Notes

August 1–31 Colfax and Cedar counties identifi ed for pilot study participation 

by the secretary of state’s offi ce.

Lancaster County was engaged early in the process 

but dropped out because a key staff member left at the 

beginning of the process. The county decided that a new 

ballot production process and new staff would pose too 

many variables to serve voters effi ciently and with adequate 

assurance of success.

August 1–31 Ballot design work based on counties’ draft election content 

begins.

Counties provided draft ballot content for initial layout.

County clerks showed a clear understanding that previous 

ballots had signifi cant room for improvement, and 

enthusiastically accepted a wide range of ballot design 

changes.

August 1–31 Clerks in Cedar and Colfax counties approve fi nal ballot designs, 

which are delivered to ES&S for initial production.

Ballot designs approved by county clerks were developed 

based on signifi cant previous research and usability testing.

September 15 The secretary of state certifi es ballot content.

September 15–22 ES&S and county offi cials provide onsite and phone support to 

incorporate design best practices into fi nal ballots.

Major hurdles included vendor’s proprietary ballot design 

software and fi le formats. Also, the software was not 

developed to accommodate major design changes, so many 

recommended best practices were diffi cult or impossible to 

implement.

September 16 Secretary of state provides Spanish translations for Colfax 

County ballots.

The offi cial Nebraska election calendar did not include 

requirements for translations necessary in Colfax county 

(currently the only county in the state required to offer a 

second language on the ballot).

September 22 Registered absentee voters are sent ballots for early voting.

October 1 ES&S completes ballot production. Final ballots varied signifi cantly from design best 

practices—including recommended fonts, leading, spacing 

between vote mark and candidate name, shaded fi lls to 

differentiate voting instructions, and referendum layout. 

October 16–20 Field visits to polling locations in both counties. Election offi cials interviewed, ballot preparations observed, 

poll locations analyzed for voter information strategy.

Production timeline

The table below provides an overview of research, design, and production 

activities in partnership with election offi cials and Nebraska’s ballot vendor, ES&S, 

leading up to the 2006 general election. All tasks supported State-regulated 

deadlines (shown in gray) as well as production requirements and deadlines 

communicated to offi cials by ES&S.
6.5 Nebraska pilot test Production timeline

October 1–31 Voter information materials in English and Spanish designed. Nebraska’s secretary of state provides voter information 

materials previously used and approved by legislation. 

Materials were reviewed and edited by simple language 

experts before initial layout began.

October 15–31 Simple language experts review draft voter information 

materials.

October 2 State deadline to publish/post notice of elections.

October 22–

November 4

State publishes sample ballots in newspapers.

October 27 State deadline for posting sample ballots in county offi ces.

November 1 State deadline to mail early ballots.

November 3 State deadline to distribute sample ballots to county, city, or village.

November 5 Voter information materials produced. Materials printed on vinyl from e-mailed digital fi les.

November 6 Participation in poll worker training in Colfax County and 

distribute voter information materials in Cedar and Colfax 

counties.

Walk-through of all voter information materials with county 

poll workers prior to Election Day.

November 7 Election Day. Cedar County printed their own ballots on a laser printer 

with ES&S-supplied paper and ES&S shipped printed ballots 

to Colfax County.
6.6 Nebraska pilot test

Findings

Production process relationships

— Local offi cials had modest control over service, costs, and quality in their Statesponsored vendor contracts.

— Counties competed with one another for vendor resources to accomplish 

identical goals under identical state election deadlines. During the ballot design 

and production phase, pilot test personnel temporarily shared this management 

responsibility with offi cials so that the proposed best practices could be 

implemented to their fullest extent.

— The Nebraska secretary of state’s offi ce had strong working relationships with 

pilot test personnel, ES&S, and the Cedar and Colfax county clerks. As an 

executive sponsor, the deputy of elections raised the visibility and credibility of the 

project and facilitated decision making. Pilot test personnel offered weekly, and 

sometimes daily, guidance and feedback to ES&S on local ballot layout, as well as 

suggestions for quality services (e.g., translations) that would advance the ballot 

design used in the general election.

Legislative requirements

— Nebraska’s legislative time line allows only 2 weeks for ballot design and 

production between content certifi cation and absentee voting deadlines for all 

ballot variations (splits) in each jurisdiction.

— Nebraska law mandates the use of italicized text in referendums, which 

undermines ballot legibility as well as the core typographic value of italics (which 

should be used on a limited basis for emphasis).

— Language used to describe statewide issues in the ballots is simplified from the 

“offi cial” descriptions offered in newspapers and on record, but it still poses a 

challenge for many voters. 

Implementing best practices

— ES&S and offi cials were enthusiastic about incorporating best practices but did not 

prioritize their execution.

— Colfax County’s bilingual ballot layout deviated from recommended best practices, 

which called for a vertical layout with English in one column and Spanish side-byside in the next column. Instead, the Colfax County ballot displayed an English 

paragraph followed by the translated Spanish paragraph, which made it diffi cult to 

read in either language.

— Cedar County’s ballot colors did not conform to design best practices when 

produced on an ES&S laser printer.

Ballot comparison

— For a complete comparison among the previous, proposed, and implemented 

ballots in Cedar and Colfax counties, see pages 6.8–6.14.
6.7 Nebraska pilot test

Election day observations

— Voters did not notice a signifi cant difference between pilot study ballots and those 

used in the past in their jurisdictions. 

— Voters had few problems with ballots, and the chief complaint was ballot measure 

language.

— Poll workers in Colfax County supported a new, coherent voter information 

system.

— On Election Day, placement of voter information posters was limited to available 

wall space in polling places. This often reduced voters’ ability to see and use the 

information.

— Few voters noticed the voter information materials, and few poll workers directed 

voters to them. Poll workers generally answered voters’ questions themselves.

— When voters were directed to the information materials, voters and poll workers 

agreed on their value.

— Some voters were reluctant to request help from poll workers. Some asked other 

(sometimes active) voters for assistance instead.

— For voter information materials to be effective, they must be placed where voters 

will see them and can read them.

— Poster formats alone do not meet the needs of all polling precincts. In-booth and 

tabletop versions of the materials may be necessary.

Findings
6.8 Nebraska pilot test

Republican Official Ballot, Primary Election, May 9, 2006

INSTRUCTIONS TO VOTERS:

1. TO VOTE YOU MUST

COMPLETELY BLACKEN THE

OVAL ( ).

2. Use only the marking device

provided.

3. For a WRITE-IN, write in the

name on the line provided and

blacken the oval completely.

4. DO NOT CROSS OUT OR

ERASE. If you spoil your ballot,

exchange the ballot for a new

one.

5. AFTER VOTING, insert your

ballot in the ballot sleeve. DO

NOT FOLD THE BALLOT.

VOTE BOTH SIDES

Initials_______

SENATORIAL TICKET

UNITED STATES SENATOR Vote For ONE

David J. Kramer

Don Stenberg

Pete Ricketts

CONGRESSIONAL TICKET

REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS District Three

Vote For ONE

Douglas Polk

John Hanson

Adrian Smith

Jay Vavricek

David Harris

STATE TICKET

GOVERNOR

Vote For ONE

Dave Nabity

Dave Heineman

Tom Osborne

SECRETARY OF STATE Vote For ONE

John A. Gale

AUDITOR OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTS Vote For ONE

Mike Foley

ATTORNEY GENERAL Vote For ONE

Jon Bruning

STATE TREASURER Vote For ONE

Shane Osborn

Ron Ross

COUNTY TICKET

COUNTY ASSESSOR Vote For ONE

COUNTY ATTORNEY Vote For ONE

George L. Hirschbach

COUNTY CLERK Vote For ONE

CLERK OF THE DISTICT COURT Vote For ONE

Janet Wiechelman

COUNTY SHERIFF Vote For ONE

Larry D. Koranda

COUNTY COMMISSIONER DIST. 1 Vote For ONE

Frederick Pinkelman

COUNTY TICKET

COUNTY TREASURER Vote For ONE

NONPARTISAN TICKET

BOARD DIRECTORS NPPD SUBDISTRICT 11 Vote For ONE

Wayne E. Boyd

David P. Dowling

Cleve Stolpe

LEGISLATIVE DISTRICT 40 Vote For ONE

Cap Dierks

Duane L. Dean

Tom Noecker

BOARD OF REGENTS DISTRICT 3

Vote For ONE

Chuck Hasselbrook

Nebraska Primary PCT 01 (1)

Typ:01 Seq:0001 Spl:01 Republican Party 01 01

Cedar County

11

40

41

42

43

51

21

A

A

B

B

C

C

7.4.1.0a / 012503-14 © Election Systems & Software, Inc. 1981, 2002

50% actual size

Cedar County Ballot, May 2006

Primary election ballot from May 9, 2006. Signifi cant differences from the 

redesigned ballot (page 6.9) are numbered below and annotated on page 6.14.

Findings

3

1 2

4

5

6

8

7

9
6.9 Nebraska pilot test Findings

Fill in the oval to the left of the 

name of your choice. Vote for one 

candidate in each contest unless 

otherwise indicated.

You must blacken the oval 

completely. Use only the marker 

found in the voting booth.

You may write in a candidate by 

placing that name on the blank line 

and fi lling in the oval to the left.

After voting, insert your ballot in the 

ballot sleeve. Do not fold the ballot.

Voting Instructions

Do not cross out or erase. If 

you make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

Start Voting Here

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Four-Year Term

Blue

Yellow

Purple

Orange

Pink

Gold

Gray

Aqua

Brown

1 of 4

Continue Voting

Next Side

If you cast a straight party vote, you 

are casting a vote for all candidates 

of that party in the partisan contests 

on this ballot.

However, if you also cast a vote in a 

specifi c partisan contest, that vote 

takes precedence over your straight 

party vote.

Straight Party Vote

Joseph Barchi

and Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone

and James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand-McDougall

and James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne

and Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier

and Welton Phelps

Brown

write-in:

vote for one

President and Vice-President

of the United States

vote for one

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

David Platt

Gray

write-in:

U.S. Senator

Six-Year Term

vote for one

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

write-in:

U.S. Representative

Two-Year Term

vote for one

Charlene Franz

and Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris

and Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann

and Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock

and Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy

and George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp

and Burt Zirkle

Gray

write-in:

State Governor and

Lieutenant-Governor

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

write-in:

State Attorney General

Four-Year Term

vote for one

50% actual size

Cedar County recommended best practices, November 2006

Proposed general election ballot displaying the recommended design best 

practices. This ballot uses sample content originally developed by the National 

Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This design was approved by the 

county clerk before production by the ballot vendor. Signifi cant differences from 

the May 2006 ballot (page 6.8) are numbered below and annotated on page 6.14.

3

1 2

4

5

6

8

7

9
6.10 Nebraska pilot test Findings

Official Ballot for General Election

Cedar County, Nebraska - Tuesday, November 07, 2006 1of 4

-----------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------

Governor

Lt. Governor

For United States Senator --

Vote for ONE -

Pete Ricketts Republican

Ben Nelson Democrat

write-in

-----------------------------------------

For Representative in Congress

District THREE --

Vote for ONE -

Adrian Smith Republican

Scott Kleeb Democrat

write-in

-----------------------------------------

For Governor --

Vote for ONE -

Dave Heineman

Governor Republican

Rick Sheehy

Lt. Governor

David Hahn

Governor Democrat

Steve Loschen

Lt. Governor

Barry Richards

Governor Nebraska

Terry Richards

Lt. Governor

Mort Sullivan

Governor By Petition

Ron Kellogg

Lt. Governor

write-in

For Secretary of State --

Vote for ONE -

John A. Gale Republican

Jay C. Stoddard Democrat

Doug Paterson Green

write-in

-----------------------------------------

For State Treasurer --

Vote for ONE -

Shane Osborn Republican

John H. Gathings Nebraska

write-in

-----------------------------------------

For Auditor of Public Accounts --

Vote for ONE -

Mike Foley Republican

Kate Witek Democrat

Kelly Renee RosbergNebraska

Steve Larrick Green

write-in

-----------------------------------------

For Attorney General --

Vote for ONE -

Jon Bruning Republican

write-in

-----------------------------------------

For County Assessor --

Vote for ONE -

Don J. Hoesing Democrat

write-in

-----------------------------------------

For County Attorney --

Vote for ONE -

George L. Hirschbach Republican

write-in

-----------------------------------------

For County Clerk--

Vote for ONE -

David Dowling Democrat

write-in

-----------------------------------------

For Clerk of the District Court --

Vote for ONE -

Janet R. Wiechelman Republican

Lila Driver Democrat

write-in

-----------------------------------------

Typ:01 Seq:0001 Spl:01

Cedar County State of Nebraska PCT 01 (1)

01 01

11

40

41

42

43

51

21

A

A

B

B

C

C

7.4.2.0 / 012503-14 © Election Systems & Software, Inc. 1981, 2002

50% actual size

Cedar County Ballot, November 2006

General election ballot based on partial application of new design standards. 

Signifi cant differences from the proposed ballot design (page 6.9) are numbered 

below and annotated on page 6.14.

3

1 2

4

5

6

8

7

9
6.11 Nebraska pilot test

Republican Official Ballot, Primary Election, May 9, 2006

INSTRUCTIONS TO VOTERS:

1. TO VOTE YOU MUST

COMPLETELY BLACKEN THE

OVAL ( ).

2. Use only the marking device

provided.

3. For a WRITE-IN, write in the

name on the line provided and

blacken the oval completely.

4. DO NOT CROSS OUT OR

ERASE.

If you spoil your ballot,

exchange the ballot for a new

one.

5. AFTER VOTING, insert your

ballot in the ballot sleeve. DO

NOT FOLD THE BALLOT

VOTE BOTH SIDES

Initials_______

SENATORIAL TICKET

FOR UNITED STATES SENATOR Candidatura del Senado Vote for One/por uno

David J. Kramer

Don Stenberg

Pete Ricketts

CONGRESSIONAL TICKET

FOR REPRESENTATIVE IN

CONGRESS DISTRICT ONE

Candidatura del Congreso

Vote for One/por uno

Jeff Fortenberry

STATE TICKET

FOR GOVERNOR

Papeleta del Estado

Vote for One/por uno

Dave Nabity

Dave Heineman

Tom Osborne

FOR SECRETARY OF STATE

Para Secretario del Estado Vote for one/por uno

John A. Gale

STATE TICKET

FOR AUDITOR OF PUBLIC

ACCOUNTS Para Auditor de Cuentas Publicas Vote for one/por uno

Mike Foley

FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL

Para Procurador General Vote for one/por uno

Jon Bruning

FOR STATE TREASURER

Para Tesorero del Estado Vote for one/por uno

Shane Osborn

Ron Ross

COUNTY TICKET

FOR COUNTY CLERK Para Secreteria del Condado Vote for one/por uno

FOR CLERK OF THE DISTRICT

COURT Para Escribano forense del tribunal

del distrito Vote for one/por uno

COUNTY TREASURER

Para Tesorero del Condado Vote for One/por uno

FOR COUNTY ASSESSOR

Para Asesor del Condado Vote for one/por uno

COUNTY TICKET

FOR COUNTY SHERIFF Para Funcionario jefe de ley del

condado VOTE FOR ONE

Pat Eller

FOR COUNTY ATTORNEY

Para Abogado del Condado

Vote for one/por uno

Robert Westadt

FOR COUNTY SURVEYOR

Para Agrimensor del Condado

Vote for One/por uno

Marvin L. Svoboda

FOR COUNTY COMMISSIONER 3RD DISTRICT Comisionado de Condado Distrito

Tres Vote for ONE/por uno

Jerry Heard

NONPARTISAN TICKET

For Member of State Board of

Regents District Three El Comite de Educacion del Estado

Distrito Tres Vote for one/por uno

Chuck Hassebrook

Nebraska Primary Schuyler 1

Typ:01 Seq:0001 Spl:01 Republican Party 01 01

Colfax County

11

40

41

42

43

51

21

A

A

B

B

C

C

7.4.2.0 / 012503-14 © Election Systems & Software, Inc. 1981, 2002

50% actual size

Colfax County Ballot, May 2006

Primary election ballot from May 9, 2006. Signifi cant differences from the 

redesigned ballot (page 6.13) are numbered below and annotated on page 6.14.

Findings

3

1 2

4

5

6

8

7

9
6.12 Nebraska pilot test Findings

Voting Instructions

Instrucciones de Votación

Start Voting Here

Empiece a Votar Aquí

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Four-Year Term / Término de CuatroBlue

Yellow

Purple

Orange

Pink

Gold

Gray

Aqua

Brown

1 of 4

If you cast a straight party vote, you 

are casting a vote for all candidates 

of that party in the partisan contests 

on this ballot.

However, if you also cast a vote in a 

specifi c partisan contest, that vote 

takes precedence over your straight 

party vote.

Si usted lanza un voto recto del partido, 

usted vota para todos candidatos de ese 

partido en los concursos partidistas en 

esta votación.

Sin embargo, si usted vota también en 

un concurso partidista específi co, que 

vota tiene prioridad sobre su voto recto 

del partido.

Straight Party Vote

Voto Recto de Partido

Joseph Barchi

and Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone

and James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand-McDougall

and James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne

and Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier

and Welton Phelps

Brown

write-in / escribe-en:

vote for one / vote para uno

President and Vice-President

of the United States

Presidente y Vicepresidente

de los Estados Unidos

vote for one / vote para uno 

Fill in the oval to the left of the 

name of your choice. Vote for one 

candidate in each contest unless 

otherwise indicated.

Complete el óvalo a la izquierda del 

nombre de su opción. Vote por un 

candidato en cada competencia a 

menos que se indicare contrariamente.

You must blacken the oval 

completely. Use only the marker 

found in the voting booth.

Usted debe ennegrecer el óvalo 

completamente. Utilice sólo el 

marcador encontró en el puesto 

electoral. 

You may write in a candidate by 

placing that name on the blank line 

and fi lling in the oval to the left.

Usted puede escribir en un candidato 

colocando que denomina en la línea en 

blanco y llenando el óvalo a la izquierda. 

Do not cross out or erase. If 

you make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

No tache ni borre. Si usted 

comete un error o una marca 

perdida, pida una nueva votación 

de los trabajadores del sondeo.

After voting, insert your ballot in the 

ballot sleeve. Do not fold the ballot.

Después que votar, mete su votación 

en la manga de la votación. No doble la 

votación.

La Votación Ofi cial Para la Elección General

El Condado de Springfi eld, Nebraska – Martes, 07 Noviembre, 2006

Continue Voting 

Next Side 

Siga Votando

Próximo Lado

English / Spanish

50% actual size

Colfax County recommended best practices, November 2006

Proposed general election ballot with generic NIST content, displaying the 

recommended design best practices. This design was approved by the county 

clerk before production by the ballot vendor. Signifi cant differences from the May 

2006 ballot (page 6.11) are numbered below and annotated on page 6.14.

3

1 2

4

5

6

8

7

9
6.13 Nebraska pilot test Findings

Official Ballot for General Election

Colfax County, Nebraska - Tuesday, November 07, 2006

La Votacóin Oficial Para la Elección General

El Condado de Colfax, Nebraska - Martes, 07 Noviembre, 2006

1of 6

-----------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------

Governor

Lt. Governor

For United States Senator

Candidatura del Senado --

Vote for ONE / por UNOPete Ricketts Republican

Ben Nelson Democrat

write-in / escribe-en:

-----------------------------------------

For Representative in Congress

District 1

Candidatura del Congreso

Districto Uno --

Vote for ONE / por UNOJeff Fortenberry Republican

Maxine B. Moul Democrat

write-in / escribe-en:

-----------------------------------------

For Governor

Para Gobernador--

Vote for ONE / por UNODave Heineman

Governor Republican

Rick Sheehy

Lieutenant Governor

David Hahn

Governor Democrat

Steve Loschen

Lieutenant Governor

Barry Richards

Governor Nebraska

Terry Richards

Liutenant Governor

Mort Sullivan

Governor By Petition

Ron Kellogg

Lieutenant Governor

write-in / escribe-en:

For Secretary of State

Para Secretario del Estado --

Vote for ONE / por UNOJohn A. Gale Republican

Jay C. Stoddard Democrat

Doug Paterson Green

write-in / escribe-en:

-----------------------------------------

For State Treasurer

Para Tesorero del Estado --

Vote for ONE / por UNOShane Osborn Republican

John H. Gathings Nebraska

write-in / escribe-en:

-----------------------------------------

For Auditor of Public Accounts

Para Auditor de Cuentas Publicas --

Vote for ONE / por UNOMike Foley Republican

Kate Witek Democrat

Kelly Renee RosbergNebraska

Steve Larrick Green

write-in / escribe-en:

-----------------------------------------

For Attorney General

Para Procurador General --

Vote for ONE / por UNOJon Bruning Republican

write-in / escribe-en:

-----------------------------------------

For County Clerk

Para Secreteria del Condado --

Vote for ONE / por UNOSharon K. BohabojDemocrat

write-in / escribe-en:

-----------------------------------------

For Clerk of the District Court

Para Escribano forense

del tribunal del distrito --

Vote for ONE / por UNODori L. Kroeger Democrat

write-in / escribe-en:

-----------------------------------------

Typ:01 Seq:0001 Spl:01

Colfax County State of Nebraska Schuyler 1

01 01

11

40

41

42

43

51

21

A

A

B

B

C

C

7.4.2.0 / 012503-14 © Election Systems & Software, Inc. 1981, 2002

50% actual size

Colfax County Ballot, November 2006

General election ballot based on partial application of new design standards. 

Signifi cant differences from the proposed ballot design (page 6.12) are numbered 

below and annotated on page 6.14.

3

1 2

4

5

6

8

7

9
6.14 Nebraska pilot test Findings

Ballot comparison 

Various elements were redesigned for the Cedar 

and Colfax county ballots. The goal of the redesign 

was to improve clarity, legibility, and ease of use 

for the voter. Some of these elements were not 

fully implemented on the actual ballots used for the 

election.

Election information

Larger type is used for all information critical to the 

voter.

Page numbers

Page numbers are included to help the voter navigate 

multiple-page ballots.

Voting instructions

Voting instructions have been greatly expanded; 

the language has been simplifi ed, and they include 

illustrations.

Divisions by “ticket”

Previous ballots included subheads that divided the 

ballot into various categories. These subheads were 

removed, as they were inconsistent and redundant, 

and took emphasis away from the information of 

primary importance to the voter: candidate name and 

contest title.

Question titles

On the new ballots, a gray fi ll helps voters scan 

questions more easily. This visual distinction clarifies 

where each new question begins.

Question instructions

Instructions for each question are set apart from the 

title of the question and separated from the voting 

options area.

Separation of candidates

Hairlines are used to clearly separate the candidate 

names and help voters make sure they are voting for 

their chosen option.

Write-in voting

The write-in area has been clarified through the use 

of a more intuitive dashed line and the explicit “or 

write-in:” identifier.

Ballot navigation

The new ballots use a clearer system of navigation 

to ensure that voters know where they are in the 

process and what remains to complete. Graphic 

symbols, such as arrows, provide visual emphasis 

and help low-literacy and low-vision voters.

1

2

4

3

5

6

7

8

9
6.15 Nebraska pilot test

State metrics/reporting

Statistics were derived from 2006 election summary reports provided by county 

clerks. Reports were electronically generated by ES&S counting equipment with 

a report title “Grand Totals Node 1 Format.” The Cedar County report was dated 

November 7, 2006, at 22:40:27. The Colfax County report was dated November 8, 

2006, at 06:22:36. 

Results from ballot questions to assess the best practices’ impact were analyzed. 

Undervoting and overvoting rates were calculated for each race by dividing 

registered voters by the total number of votes counted.

No strong pattern emerged to suggest that the order or placement of contests 

(whether on page 1 or page 2) made a signifi cant difference to voters in deciding 

to vote in a race.

 Cedar County Colfax County

Registered voters 6,415 5,430 

Number voting 4,010 3,050

 

Race with most participation

 Cedar County Colfax County

 3939 2955

 (U.S. Senator) (County Sheriff)

Undervote

 Cedar County Colfax County

Average 22.91% 23.61% 

High 64.40% 56.45% 

 (Board of (Board of

 Governors, Governors,

 District 2) District 2) 

Overvote

 Cedar County Colfax County Statewide 

Average .22% .17% 

High 4.7% 2.96% .55%

 (Governor) (Governor)

The governor/lieutenant governor overvote rate increased signifi cantly in both 

counties—both in terms of previous elections in those counties and in comparison 

with other Nebraska counties. In Cedar County, the overvote rose from an average 

0.22% to 4.7% for the governor/lieutenant governor race. A sampling of 43 other 

Nebraska counties showed a 0.55% average overvote rate in this race. 

There is not enough information to determine what may have caused this 

anomaly. One possibility is that—unlike the prototype ballot designs using the 

NIST content—the governor’s race was the only paired-ticket contest on the ballot. 

Further study is necessary to determine what led to the overvote increase to 

identify its cause and try to prevent similar results in the future.

Findings
6.16 Nebraska pilot test

Recommendations

The 2006 pilot study in Nebraska demonstrated that the proposed design system 

was largely acceptable to participating voters and election offi cials, and could be 

partially implemented with moderate effort on the part of the participating service 

provider, ES&S. 

The study uncovered areas where adoption of the best practices will prove 

challenging, including legislative requirements, tight election calendars, limitations 

of ballot layout software, lack of experience with translation processes, lack of 

adequate financial resources to fund signifi cant improvements at the county level, 

and limited availability of skilled resources during peak election production times. 

These issues led to the following recommendations:

1. Conduct more observations and interviews. 

Future activity in this area should include conducting additional field interviews 

with election offi cials from all levels of government, in all parts of the country, and 

in all roles in the ballot development process. A corollary recommendation is to 

continue dialog with manufacturers and service vendors. 

2. Explore voting experience options related to ballot design with industrial design 

experts and manufacturers. 

Graphic designers and usability experts can enhance the overall voting experience, 

but the critical relationship between the voter and the voting equipment should 

also be analyzed, particularly when addressing the needs of voters with disabilities 

(including mobility or vision). 

3. Extend optical scan ballot pilot tests to other locations. 

Research should include pilot tests in additional locations that will continue to 

challenge and refine the proposed design systems. Selected locations should offer 

diversity in terms of geography, demographics, voting equipment, and legislative 

requirements. 

4. Initiate direct-recording electronic (DRE) ballot pilot studies. 

Future studies should include pilot tests with DRE voting equipment. The 

development of interactive prototypes for pilot-testing in a real election would be 

complex and would require considerable commitment, but the benefit to voters 

would outweigh the investment. Pilot test locations should offer diversity in terms 

of geography, demographics, voting equipment, and legislative requirements. 

5. Collect most recent general election ballot samples and voting statistics. 

NIST’s small collection of ballots from 2004 elections was useful in developing the 

ballot design best practices. Establish a process to collect and make public a library 

of currently used ballots and correlated voting statistics. 

6. Analyze under- and overvoting by race/issue for the 2006 general election. 

Research should be conducted to understand the impact of design on individual 

race results by correlating rates of under- and overvoting to ballot design choices. 

While this would not be a fully scientifi c study, the information would provide 

insight into the problems voters may have experienced without infringing on their 

privacy. 
6.17 Nebraska pilot test Conclusion

7. Establish a national voter survey to measure ballot usability. 

Measure voter satisfaction with ballots using interviews and surveys, and analyze 

the results. The sample should include:

— Ten locations for each optical scan model, reflecting a geographically and 

demographically diverse population (model + geographical/demographic diversity 

x 10).

— Ten locations for each DRE model, reflecting a geographically and demographically 

diverse population.

8. Explore improvements to state and local legislation. 

Many State and local laws mandate specific design decisions. Study the extent to 

which Federal, State, and local laws regarding ballot design vary and how these 

laws may inhibit the creation of an effective national ballot design system. 

9. Establish a national ballot design system. 

Encourage a single, simple, and consistent national ballot design system, such 

as the system used for tax forms. This system should give voters control over 

candidate ordering on DRE ballots and provide a nationwide system for rotating 

candidate names on printed ballots. The system should include best practices for 

the use of simple language on ballot issues (referenda, measures, etc.).

Conclusion

The challenges for achieving a successful and satisfying voting experience 

extend well beyond ballot design. Ongoing study is necessary to identify existing 

and proposed legislative requirements that affect ballot design and the voting 

experience. Unified national ballot design best practices will form a baseline 

from which to measure national success in terms of the voter’s experience; help 

election offi cials work more effi ciently; and allow manufacturers to focus on other 

issues of importance.
7.1 Nine research events

Effective Designs for the

Administration of Federal Elections

Section 7: Research report: Nine research events

June 2007

U.S. Election Assistance Commission
7.2 Nine research events

Overview

The design best practices in this document are the results of a user-centered 

process involving subject matter experts, election offi cials, and representative 

voters. Nine of the ten research events the contractor conducted between May 

and December 2006 are summarized in this section. Section 6 details the tenth 

event, a case study of pilot tests in Nebraska’s 2006 general election.

Report goals

This section presents a chronological account of research activities, 

communicates research fi ndings, and provides the basis for making best practice 

recommendations.

Research goals

Goals were established to develop best practice recommendations at the outset of 

the user-centered design process. They included the following: 

— Expanding the body of knowledge and the library of best practices shared among 

election offi cials serving citizens.

— Increasing the likelihood that voting will be an easy, effi cient, and accessible 

experience.

— Exploring the effectiveness, fl exibility, and scalability of design best practices that 

have been identifi ed and proposed for application in polling place voter information 

materials and in various ballot types, both optical scan and direct-recording 

electronic (DRE).

— Understanding how election materials are used in typical environments and 

exploring the impact of environmental factors (e.g., location, lighting, temperature, 

traffi c patterns, noise level) on the success of the prototypes.

— Providing voters of various physical and language abilities the opportunity to 

directly participate in the development and evaluation of design best practices, 

increasing the likelihood that the needs of these audiences will be met effectively.

— Understanding legislative imperatives and operational challenges of the election 

design environment at the State and local levels. 

— Understanding the attitudes, behaviors, challenges, and needs of citizens who 

have a right to vote accurately, independently, and easily. Also, identifying models 

for common voter experiences.

— Understanding common practices in ballot and voter information design and 

development.

Research methodology

The contractor used the following research methods:

— Observing elections. In 2006, the contractor observed primary elections in 

two New Jersey jurisdictions (rural and urban) and general elections in two of 

Nebraska’s rural counties. The general election observations occurred during the 

pilot test of localized optical scan ballots and voter information prototypes.
7.3 Nine research events

— Conducting fi eld interviews. The contractor conducted conversations with 

election offi cials in their work environments when possible. Informal interviews 

with poll workers and election staff at primary and general elections also infl uenced 

the decisions.

— Consulting experts. The team sought input from a variety of language, literacy, 

usability, accessibility, and production experts representing a range of voter 

interests. The contractor interviewed election offi cials with both State and local 

responsibilities representing populations diverse in culture, language, population 

density, and income. For production insights, the team contacted the largest 

domestic manufacturers of commonly used election equipment.

— Reviewing existing materials. Ballot examples from the United States and 

overseas were reviewed to understand how issues, particularly low-literacy issues, 

are addressed.

— Conducting usability evaluations. Fifty-four usability evaluations with voters in seven 

States were held. 

— Focusing on prevalent voting technologies. To help States meet 2002 Help 

America Vote Act (HAVA) requirements for ballot design and publicly posted voting 

information on Election Day, the contractor developed solutions for optical scan 

and DRE ballot formats, and established a voter information system that exceeds 

minimum requirements.

Materials studied

— Voter information

— Optical scan ballots

— Full-face DRE ballots

— Rolling DRE ballots

Guiding criteria

To meet existing election design requirements, the contractor used specifi cations 

from the following resources: 

— Legislation. The work focused on HAVA sections 241(b)(2) and 302(b), which state 

requirements for the design of ballots and voter information on Election Day. The 

contractor also reviewed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and followed the 

language requirements of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

— 2005 Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG). The contractor paid specifi c 

attention to section three, “Usability and Accessibility Requirements.” Toward the 

end of the project, the team received briefi ngs on unpublished 2007 VVSG updates 

for consideration in fi nal recommendations.

— Simple language requirements. The contractor benefi ted from the expertise of 

Ginny Redish, her associates, and their simple language reports for the National 

Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Low-literacy experts at the Queens 

Borough Library in New York City and the National Institute for Literacy also 

provided language and design input.

Overview
7.4 Nine research events

Participants

Research subjects included registered voters, election offi cials, and various 

subject matter experts with knowledge valuable to the work of election design. 

See section 8 for a complete list of participants.

— Voters.

Thy contractor interviewed people age 21 years and older without limiting 

education level, occupation, income, ethnicity, or gender. Participants were located 

by professional recruitment agencies, online recruiting services, and pilot-test 

jurisdictions in Nebraska.

The following table shows voter participation in the research and design process 

by date, material, and focus.

This chart shows when (time is displayed horizontally) and how (success criteria 

are displayed vertically) voters were involved in the design process via usability 

testing and observations. The colored circles indicate type of materials studied at 

each event—voter information in yellow, optical scan ballots in green, and rolling 

DRE in blue. During these research events, the research team explored aspects 

of the voting experience important to voter success—for example, ballot usability, 

legibility and readability, and other topics shown on the table’s left side.

Overview

May ‘06 June July August September October November December January ‘07

Voter information Optical scan ballots Rolling DRE ballots

Scalable

and flexible

Language

Readable

Legible

Learnable

Accessible

Accessible (VVSG)

Usable
7.5 Nine research events

— Election offi cials.

Offi cials responsible for local, State, and national election management were 

observed and interviewed. Many participants were members of the Election 

Assistance Commission (EAC) standards and advisory boards or were 

recommended by the EAC.

The following table shows election offi cial participation in the research and design 

process by date, material, and focus.

The team engaged offi cials throughout the course of research. The colored 

triangles indicate the type of materials presented to election offi cials for review at 

each event—voter information in yellow, optical scan ballots in green, and rolling 

DRE in blue—and correspond to the vertical research goals listed at left.

Overview

May ‘06 June July August September October November December January ‘07

Scalable

and flexible

Language

Readable

Legible

Learnable

Accessible

Accessible (VVSG)

Usable

Voter information Optical scan ballots Rolling DRE ballots
7.6 Nine research events

— Experts. 

Specialists, advocates for user groups with special needs, and other elections 

professionals were interviewed and consulted. References for experts came from 

EAC standards and advisory boards, election offi cials, the contractor’s network of 

contacts, and other experts. 

The following table shows expert participation in the research and design process 

by date, material, and focus.

May ‘06 June July August September October November December January ‘07

Voter information Optical scan ballots Rolling DRE ballots

Scalable

and flexible

Language

Readable

Legible

Learnable

Accessible

Accessible (VVSG)

Usable

The team engaged experts throughout the course of research. The colored 

squares indicate the type of materials presented to experts for review at each 

event—voter information in yellow, optical scan ballots in green, and rolling DRE 

in blue—and correspond to the vertical research goals listed at left. 

Assumptions

The researchers used the following assumptions in planning research and 

design activities:

— Audio design is product-specific. Without engaging with a technology partner for 

rolling DRE development, audio solutions will not be included in best practices.

— Given the full-face ballot systems, expert input, and examples available to us, 

design best practices for paper-based full-face ballots can be extrapolated from 

the optical scan fi ndings.

— Experts suffi ciently represent audiences and issues for which they advocate, 

eliminating the need to test extensively with each represented population.

— Ethnographic and qualitative inquiry best support the identifi cation of patterns, 

behaviors, and unspoken needs of voters and election offi cials. By studying what 

people do (observations and usability studies), rather than what they say (surveys 

and focus groups), the team can uncover not only how people generally react to 

materials but also why. To protect voters’ individual privacy, time and accuracy 

studies, though considered, were not pursued.

Overview
7.7 Nine research events

Recommendations

Language and content 

Emphasize voter needs over administrative and vendor requirements.

— Use clear, concise language (simple language) for all content.

— Use one language per ballot. To meet usability standards, display no more than 

two languages.

— Summarize long ballot measure text as another option (alongside required formats) 

to improve communication and usability for voters.

Text use and size 

Use upper- and lowercase sans serif type, set at a minimum of 12 points for all 

ballot content voters will read. Given the choice between adequate type size (12 

points) and fewer pages, ballots with 12 point type and more pages were found to 

be more usable than those with fewer pages and smaller type. Ballot legibility and 

ease of comprehension for voters are more important than printing costs.

— The Univers type family is a common, readable, and consistent font choice for 

all materials. 

— Non-Western typefaces should be selected on the basis of simplicity, compatibility 

with the Univers type family, and for cultural appropriateness. In the applications 

shown, LeHei Pro is used for Chinese.

— The typesetting of the ballot measure text is critical. Too many or too few 

characters per line inhibit legibility and comprehension. The goal should be 40–60 

characters per line. Research indicates that many users fi nd line lengths of more 

than 60 characters or less than 20 characters hard to read. 

— There is a direct relationship between type size and line spacing (leading). 

Lines of type that are too close together or too far apart inhibit legibility and 

comprehension. Typical optical scan ballot measure content in these best practices 

is set at 12 points, with 2 points of line spacing.

Color 

Use a second color functionally and exclusively for instructions on optical 

scan ballots.

— On rolling DRE ballots, the strategic application of color effectively differentiates 

levels of information and voter activity.

Icons and graphics 

Accurate instructional illustrations help voters (especially less literate voters) 

understand requirements, processes, and options.

— Use informational icons such as ! , ? , or i to draw attention to unique or 

important areas of the ballot or to improve the voter’s ability to scan dense 

information.

— Political party icons are not encouraged, as literacy experts and design 

professionals believe they simply confuse many voters.
7.8 Nine research events Recommendations

Specifi c recommendations by material

Voter information Optical scan / full-face ballots Rolling DRE ballots

Language

and content

Person-to-person communication is 

preferred by voters in polling places—

reading posted information is not their 

fi rst impulse.

Repetitive placement of information 

supports voter needs at various 

stages in the voting process.

Long, required text (such as Bill of 

Rights data) is most easily accessed 

in table, booth, or binder formats, not 

in wall displays.

Bold/regular text use effectively 

differentiates languages derived from 

a common alphabet on two-language 

ballots.

Languages derived from different 

alphabets do not require bold/regular 

differentiation.

Long text (such as referendums) is 

most easily read in a two-column, 

side-by-side format.

Column labels on full-face ballots help 

orient voters and enhance readability.

Repetitive and consistent interactions 

are helpful to voters, particularly lowliteracy voters.

Limiting one contest per screen 

reduces incidents of undervoting.

Voters appreciate knowing ballot 

length and contents before voting.

Text use and size Titles should be shown at a size which 

is easily scanned and read by most 

voters at a distance of six feet when 

displayed on a wall.

Usable type size takes precedence 

over ballot length.

Default setting should address the 

needs of the majority and provide 

additional settings, for those voters 

who need to adjust text size or 

increase contrast.

Color Titles in white text against colored 

ADA-compliant backgrounds are 

easiest to read.

A second color tint effectively 

differentiates and calls attention to 

ballot instructions.

Tint background on contest titles 

enables scanning.

Reserving color use for system 

messages and navigation focuses 

users on critical voting functions.

Icons and graphics Use of informational icons calls 

attention to important steps and 

processes and aids low-literacy users.

Heavier vertical lines between 

columns support column-by-column 

reading. 

Use of informational icons calls 

attention to important steps and 

processes and aids low-literacy users.

Use of informational icons calls 

attention to important steps and 

processes and aids low-literacy users.

Other Voter information materials should 

prioritize optimal user experiences 

fi rst and address compliance with 

standards second.

Evaluation participants successfully 

mastered the system despite 

differences in age, experience, and 

voting history.
7.9 Nine research events

Events

This table highlights the materials in focus during each research event.

No. Pages Events Voter

information

Optical 

scan 

ballots

Full-face 

DRE 

ballots

Rolling 

DRE 

ballots

1 7.11–7.13 Expert reviews at EAC 

Standards & Advisory Board 

meetings

2 7.14–7.17 Observations of New

Jersey primary elections

3 7.18–7.21 National usability 

evaluations

4 7.22–7.24 Literacy, international, and 

elections usability expert 

input

5 7.25–7.27 Multiple language review

6 7.28–7.31 Studies with 

literacy experts

7 7.32–7.35 Expert reviews of paper 

ballots

8 7.36–7.41 Rolling DRE usability 

evaluations

9 7.42–7.44 Expert reviews of rolling 

DRE ballots

How to read events

Following a standard qualitative research protocol, each event summary 

documents the following aspects of study:

— Title and location

— Research session goals (see paragraph below for specifi c goal descriptions)

— Methodologies used to achieve goals

— Research materials

— Research participants

— Summary of fi ndings, conclusions, or actions
7.10 Nine research events Events

User requirements

— Usable: Tasks are effi cient, accurate, and easy.

— Accessible: Materials are usable by people with disabilities (low vision and reduced 

mobility specifi cally, which do not always require accessibility solutions from 

rolling DRE hardware).

— Language: English and non-English reading options are clear and understandable.

— Legible: Typewritten characters and paragraphs are easily read.

— Readable: Ideas presented are clear and easily understood.

— Learnable: Tools, skills, and new concepts are easily mastered.

— Credible: The voting process is authentic, capable, and trustworthy.

Production requirements

— Scalable: Adjustments in content quantities are easily handled.

— Flexible: Adjustments to changing conditions are easily handled.

— Reusable: Re-creations are easy and effective.
7.11 Nine research events Events

Event one: Expert reviews at EAC 

Standards & Advisory Board meetings

Washington, DC

May 13–14, 2006

Overview

The contractor conducted informal interviews with selected attendants from the 

EAC Standards and Advisory Board sessions.

Materials studied

Voter information

Optical scan ballots

Full-face DRE ballots

Rolling DRE ballots

Research goals

Usable

Accessible

Language

Legible and readable

Learnable

Credible

Clarify user requirements

Clarify production requirements

Scalable

Flexible

Reusable

Clarify legislative requirements

Clarify standards requirements (non-legislative)

Clarify existing practices

Methodology overview

Expert interviews

Expert feedback on prototypes

Usability evaluations

Observations

Field interviews

Reviews (non project materials)
7.12 Nine research events Events

Participants

— Alexia Morrison, Election Specialist, Nebraska Secretary of State Offi ce

— William Campbell, City Clerk, Woburn, Massachusetts

— Howard Sholl, Deputy Administrative Director, Department of Elections for New Castle County, Delaware

— Doug Lewis, Executive Director, The Elections Center

— Nancy George, Voter Information Coordinator, AARP

— David Baquis, Accessibility Specialist, United States Access Board 

— Paul DeGregorio, Chairman, U.S. Election Assistance Commission

Event one

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Legislative 

requirements

1 HAVA requirements and user-centered design practices can be 

in confl ict with State and local elections legislation—making 

improvements for users diffi cult as a result.

Best practices should include realistic and incremental steps 

to support larger changes over time.

2 Varied elections legislation makes single design solutions 

diffi cult to defi ne, implement, and enforce.

3 Local legislative requirements do not often position the user/

voter at the center of the design process.

General fi ndings summary

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Production 

requirements

1 Offi cials responded readily and favorably to voter information 

materials.

Create easily modifi ed/downloaded templates to promote 

easy adoption by offi cials. Ensure materials are designed 

to meet logistical challenges of inventory, storage, 

transportation, and budget while supporting voters’ needs. 2 Improvements to voter information materials offer fast, tangible 

evidence of progress for election offi cials. Generally, there are 

fewer legislative constraints on voter information materials than 

ballots.

3 Materials and content are reused (where possible) in elections.

Voter information summary
7.13 Nine research events Events Event one

Next steps

— Collaborate with Alexia Morrison of Nebraska State Board of Elections to 

determine whether a pilot study during the November 2006 general election will 

be feasible.

— Plan usability tests of current prototypes with voters.

— Follow up with experts on voter accessibility requirements, particularly visual 

impairment issues.

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

General 

requirements

1 Prototypes reviewed by offi cials and experts were considered 

generally successful.

Feedback from offi cials and experts infl uenced plans for 

formal usability tests and further research.

User requirements 2 Election offi cials discussed pros and cons between natural/

electronic audio strategies in rolling DRE ballots. Some 

indicated a preference for digital audio, because this offers the 

ability to change speed and pitch while allowing users to skip 

sections of the ballot that don’t interest them. Advocates of 

natural voices noted that they are easier for many people to 

understand and are friendlier than digital solutions. This is an 

important consideration when many voters, not just those with 

hearing loss, can be intimidated by the voting process.

Further interviews should be conducted with accessibility 

experts to understand the pros and cons of each approach.

General fi ndings summary
7.14 Nine research events Events

Event two: Observations of New Jersey 

primary elections

Newark, NJ (urban setting)

Hunterdon, NJ (rural setting)

June 6, 2006

Overview

The contractor observed operations in two counties with contrasting 

environments, population densities, and cultures. Polling places the contractor 

visited in these counties included a fi re station, a Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) 

hall, a high school gymnasium, and a school cafeteria.

Materials studied

Voter information

Optical scan ballots

Full-face DRE ballots

Rolling DRE ballots

Research goals

Usable

Accessible

Language

Legible and readable

Learnable

Credible

Clarify user requirements

Clarify production requirements

Scalable

Flexible

Reusable

Clarify legislative requirements

Clarify standards requirements (non-legislative)

Clarify existing practices

Methodology overview

Expert interviews

Expert feedback on prototypes

Usability evaluations

Observations

Field interviews

Reviews (non project materials)

Participants

— Carmine Casciano, Commissioner of Registration, Superintendent of Elections, 

County of Essex, New Jersey

— Richard Lynch, Offi ce of the County Clerk, Hunterdon County, New Jersey

— Voters

— Poll workers
7.15 Nine research events Events Event two

Topic ID Finding

Familiarity 1 Despite differences between the two counties observed, there was an informal, small-town atmosphere in all polling 

locations. Three factors contributed to this perception: 

1) Poll workers were “veterans” in their roles and at their locations; 

2) Turnout was low for the primary election and voters appeared to be dedicated, enthusiastic, and familiar with the local 

voting process; and 

3) Most voters were of the same age-group as poll workers and seemed to be acquainted with them outside the Election Day 

context.

Translations 2 Poll workers at Newark locations included English, Spanish, and Portuguese speakers, though only English and Spanish were 

required on the ballots. The English-speaking observation team noted few interactions taking place in non-English languages. 

Experience 3 Most of the poll workers the contractor interviewed had at least 4 years of experience but many had more than 10 years. Each 

poll worker tended to serve in the same polling location and shared casual conversation with voters while conducting election 

proceedings. 

The balance between helping voters, who were apparently social acquaintances in many cases, with new equipment while 

honoring their privacy appeared to pose a challenge to poll workers. 

General fi ndings summary

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Logistics 1 The signs did not come with instructions. Poll workers claimed 

to “just know” how to hang signs based on available wall 

space, where the right location seemed “obvious,” or they just 

“knew where voters would look.” 

Signs should be labeled as indoor or outdoor and with a 

publication ID.

Poll workers and therefore voters may benefi t from sample 

fl oor plans explaining how and where posters based on 

ID should be displayed to enhance the fl ow of traffi c and 

improve the overall voter experience.

Best practices outlining optimal hanging height and 

sequence will also improve the readability and impact of 

voter information signs.

2 In one Newark polling place, voter information posters were 

delivered mid-morning, hours after polls had opened. The 

purpose and placement of the voting information was unclear 

to poll workers, despite their experience. Twenty minutes after 

the voter information arrived, and with few voters present, poll 

workers continued to debate what to do with the new posters.

Plans should include a checklist of posters required so that 

those packing and receiving polling place kits can identify 

missing items before opening the polls.

3 Polling place sign pick-up and delivery was inconsistent and 

not well organized. Large instructional posters for the DRE 

were packaged in the Sequoia AVC Advantage equipment and 

delivered to the polling place the night before Election Day. 

These materials were also returned for storage in the machines 

after the election. 

Along with provisional and emergency ballots and affi davits, 

the elections judge picked up other signs the night before the 

election for hand delivery the morning of Election Day. 

Develop solutions for streamlining and organizing the 

transfer of voter information materials to polling locations.

Voter information summary
7.16 Nine research events Events Event two

Placement 4 The physical environment at many polling places prevented 

optimal information fl ow. Some locations were small and busy, 

with little room to post signs in such a way that they could 

help guide voters through a logical fl ow of information. Other 

locations were large and posters got lost. 

Best practices should provide guidance regarding the size 

and number of posters to be displayed in various settings. 

Develop voter information packages appropriate for large 

and small locations and tailored to address the number of 

voters anticipated to participate.

Poster and

font size

5 Voter information signs were typically 8.5” x 11” and appeared 

to be photocopied. There were two exceptions to this: the New 

Jersey Voter Bill of Rights was 11” x 17” and a “How to Vote” 

sign was 28” x 36”, mounted on foam core. 

The best practices recommendations should be sensitive 

to limited production skills, tools, fi nances, and equipment 

available to election offi cials.

Production 6 Most posters were relatively generic, optimized for ease and 

speed of production rather than quality of user experience. 

Most likely, a basic design program was used to create the 

signs, which were then photocopied by the county. 

Directional signs, for example, arrows guiding voters through 

hallways to a voting location, were handmade in some 

locations.

Quality of voter information materials should appropriately 

refl ect the importance of the voting process.

Awareness 7 Few people paid attention to voter information. Voters who 

did approach signs stood quite close to them. This could 

indicate that voter information materials were poorly placed, 

unnecessary, or illegible.

Citizens should be able to identify the purpose of a voter 

information poster from a distance. Most people should be 

able to read details standing a comfortable distance from 

the wall, approximately 3 to 4 feet.

Instructions 8 Poll workers were somewhat unfamiliar with the new 

equipment used in New Jersey. 

Poll workers in Newark referred to voter information posters 

when instructing voters. Unfortunately, “How to Vote” signs 

instructed voters to cast their ballot by pressing a yellow Cast 

Vote Button, however, the actual Cast Vote Button on the 

equipment was red. When poll workers told voters in the booth 

to press the yellow button, sometimes repeatedly, voters were 

unable to cast their ballots. 

Upon realizing the discrepancy, voters appeared less confi dent 

in the system. 

Some poll workers and voters suggested that a model voting 

machine be used to demonstrate the process before entering 

the booth rather than relying solely on postings.

Encourage poll workers to offer information to voters in 

multiple ways, reinforcing verbal instructions with simple 

and accurate written instructions when possible. 

Confi rm that information on instructional posters matches 

ballot and equipment.

Consider providing hands-on, on-site demonstrations of 

voting technology to both voters and poll workers.

Information fl ow 9 Despite effective voter information materials, poll workers play 

a primary role in assisting voters. This may be particularly true 

in primary elections (where traffi c is reduced) compared with 

general elections, and in settings where voters and poll workers 

are familiar with one another. 

Voter information summary (continued)
7.17 Nine research events Events Event two

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Voter 

preparedness

1 New Jersey has historically required a full-face ballot, but the 

Sequoia AVC machine was introduced in Newark for the fi rst 

time during this election. This gave the team the opportunity 

to observe new product introduction. The observers focused 

on voter interactions before and after their ballots were cast, 

paying special attention to questions directed to poll workers 

from behind the ballot booth curtains.

No specifi c issues were observed with the ballot; however, 

many voters were relieved to fi nd the layout of the new 

machine familiar. Some expressed frustration at having to 

learn a new system but didn’t mention specifi c issues.

Full-face ballot summary
7.18 Nine research events Events

Event three: National usability evaluations

Baltimore, MD; Grand Island, NE; Lincoln, NE; Los Angeles, CA;

Orange County, CA; Minneapolis, MN; Santa Fe, NM

June-July, 2006

Overview

Sixty-minute, one-on-one, task-based evaluations and think-aloud usability 

tests were conducted with 44 representative voters in seven U.S. locations. 

The contractor also interviewed election offi cials at each session.

Materials studied

Voter information

Optical scan ballots

Full-face DRE ballots

Rolling DRE ballots

Research goals

Usable

Accessible

Language

Legible and readable

Learnable

Credible

Clarify user requirements

Clarify production requirements

Scalable

Flexible

Reusable

Clarify legislative requirements

Clarify standards requirements (non-legislative)

Clarify existing practices

Methodology overview

Expert interviews

Expert feedback on prototypes

Usability evaluations

Observations

Field interviews

Reviews (non project materials)
7.19 Nine research events Events

Methodology

Each participant voted using an optical scan ballot prototype and a proposed 

DRE ballot prototype. The order of the ballot types alternated at each session, 

and research moderators played the role of poll workers, answering questions or 

guiding participants only at their request.

To help the research team test primary use cases, participants were given a simple 

ballot script to vote for or against retentions, memorandums, and ballot measures. 

Event three

— Vote for a straight ticket (single party)

— Vote for a candidate in a winner-take-all contest

— Cast a write-in vote in a winner-take-all contest

— Skip a contest 

— Vote for a slate of candidates in a multi member contest

— Change a selection in a multi member contest

— Vote to retain a candidate in a retention contest

— Vote for or against a ballot measure

— Review selections 

— Complete a contest previously skipped

— Return to a contest and change a previously selected vote before casting the ballot

— Cast the ballot

— Select a language (DRE)

After voting with both ballot types and viewing posted voter information, 

participants were asked to provide feedback on their ability to complete tasks and 

to discuss challenges and opportunities they encountered. 

The researchers probed design elements using visual aids such as ballot size, 

sequencing patterns, fonts, text size and alignment, contrast variations, language, 

instructional illustrations, navigational elements, white space, line weight, 

hierarchy, and color. The form and placement of voter selection marks was also 

reviewed.

Participants

The research team met with 44 English and bilingual English/Spanish speakers 

between the ages of 21 and 79 years. Participants were recruited through local 

election offi cials, online classifi ed ads, and national recruiting fi rms.
7.20 Nine research events Events Event three

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

General 1 Voter information was well accepted. Participants and election 

offi cials offered few suggestions for improvement.

Multiple 

languages

2 Some participants requested that information be aggregated by 

language rather than by topic. For example, Chinese speakers 

would be able to read information in one place rather than 

across three signs.

As with ballots, the research team recommends singlelanguage presentation with accurate and context-specifi c 

translations. 

Limit presentation to two languages per poster.

Color 3 The color system and clean design effectively directed attention 

and established voting as an important citizen’s duty.

4 The color system was considered easy to read and engaging.

Life expectancy/

durability

5 Election offi cials designated some postings as permanent and 

others as disposable and contest-based. Life expectancy helps 

determine recommended reproduction methods. 

Voter information summary

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Multiple 

languages

1 Although most participants supported the idea of multiple 

language options on ballots, a majority preferred singlelanguage presentation because it allowed them to proceed 

more quickly and with greater clarity. 

Recommend single-language presentation with top-quality, 

accurate, contextual translations. 

Limit presentation to two languages per ballot on printed 

materials.

2 Security (particularly with optical scan ballots) and accuracy 

of translations was a concern, rather than usability, when 

discussing single-language presentation.

3 Some areas require more than one language to be presented 

on a ballot simultaneously. For example, Los Angeles County, 

CA, requires more than six languages on one ballot. 

Use of multiple languages on ballots poses signifi cant 

usability issues.

Readability 4 The length and language used in measures in the prototype 

proved problematic for many users. For example, there was 

concern about making accurate selections when double 

negatives were used in descriptive copy.

Simple language should be used for all ballot content. 

Text for amendments and referendums should be kept as 

short as possible. 

Use short sentences and paragraphs with direct structure.

5 Ballot measure titles on the prototype used were not found to 

be descriptive of content. 

Use titles that accurately introduce ballot content.

Navigation 6 Participants wanted a reference to their place in the ballot 

to help them manage their time and feel in control of their 

progress. Since participants could not scan the full contents of 

the ballot as they can with paper systems, this was particularly 

important while participants worked with the DRE prototype.

Page numbers should be used with all ballots to help users 

maintain their sense of control over the experience.

Similar referencing should be applied to the DRE prototype; 

an overall table of contents should also be provided.

Ballot summary
7.21 Nine research events Events Event three

Color 7 Users appreciated the use of color, preferring it to black-andwhite versions.Color can be an effective tool for differentiating information 

on ballots, but should be used to clarify rather than as mere 

decoration.

Accessibility 8 Some participants had diffi culty using optical scan ballots, 

expressing discomfort with readability and control over 

handwriting.

This could be related to the success in design rather than 

platform. 

Users preferred the DRE prototype. Most felt that it was 

faster and easier to use than the optical scan prototype, 

although both featured the same content.

Learnability 9 Some participants were unfamiliar with computers and initially 

felt intimidated by the DRE prototype. 

These participants quickly learned how to use the prototype 

and moved easily through the ballot.

First-time or infrequent voters will need simple how-to-vote 

instructions before voting. Optimally, this will occur before 

Election Day. Simple opt-in tutorials are also recommended 

for DRE solutions.

Security 10 Security concerns were often voiced when discussing 

electronic formats and rarely were brought up with paper 

ballots.

Visual design can signifi cantly increase the perception 

of credibility, but back-end programming must support 

promises made in the user interface. 

Familiarity 11 Participants and election offi cials preferred familiar ballots and 

voter information materials, even when familiar materials were 

recognized as inferior.

The evolution of election design practices and materials 

should be gradual to accommodate user learning curves and 

comfort levels.

Readability 12 Referendums and measures were diffi cult to understand, as 

were instructions for straight-party voting. Simple language 

requirements should be implemented to create baselines for 

reading levels and paragraph lengths in ballots.

Use short sentences and paragraphs. 

Summarize lengthy information at the beginning of 

statements. 

Set minimum, measurable standards for writing such as 

California’s requirement that referendums have 75 words 

or fewer or a Flesh-Kincaid Grade Level score or a Flesh 

Reading Ease score.

Navigation 13 Participants quickly fell into interaction patterns regardless of 

content variations.

There should be a clear system and placement for all ballot 

components such as contest titles, candidate choices, 

instructions, navigation, etc.

Instructions 14 Participants often failed to notice that voting instructions 

changed from contest to contest.

Call out changes in voting instructions with graphic 

techniques such as a countdown system, color, or graphic 

symbols.

Ballot summary (continued)

Next steps

— Refi ne materials based on user feedback.

— Review feedback and subsequent refi nements with low-literacy experts.
7.22 Nine research events Events

Event four: Literacy, international, 

and elections usability expert input

Washington, DC

August 7–8, 2006

Overview

The contractor reviewed the International Federation of Election Systems (IFES) 

ballot library, met with National Institute for Literacy reading experts, and reviewed 

NIST best practices for usability testing.

Materials studied

Voter information

Optical scan ballots

Full-face DRE ballots

Rolling DRE ballots

Research goals

Usable

Accessible

Language

Legible and readable

Learnable

Credible

Clarify user requirements

Clarify production requirements

Scalable

Flexible

Reusable

Clarify legislative requirements

Clarify standards requirements (non-legislative)

Clarify existing practices

Methodology overview

Expert interviews

Expert feedback on prototypes

Usability evaluations

Observations

Field interviews

Reviews (non project materials)

Participants

— Sharon Laskowski, Manager, Visualization and Usability Group, Information 

Technology Lab, NIST

— June Crawford, Senior Program Associate/Learning Disabilities and Adult Reading, 

National Institute for Literacy

— Terezia Matus, Librarian, International Federation of Election Systems
7.23 Nine research events Events Event four

Best practices in election usability testing

Sharon Laskowski was interviewed about ballot design and voting technologies. 

She recommended contacting Michael Kerr of the Information Technology 

Association of America (ITAA) and John Borras of the Organization for the 

Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). Both organizations 

have ballot manufacturers as members. 

Ms. Laskowski provided an update on usability, accessibility, and equipment 

standards to be included in 2007 VVSG updates. She also shared her expertise on 

usability testing, which informed subsequent phases of the research. 

Best practices in international ballot design

IFES houses an extensive collection of international ballots. This collection was 

reviewed to identify international best design practices, particularly those that 

address the needs of less literate voters.

Topic ID Findings Conclusion

Color 1 The collection used color extensively. Use of color should be considered in U.S. ballots.

Photographs 2 Reproduction quality of candidate photographs was usually 

poor and the large amount of space used for candidate 

photographs was problematic.

Imagery may aid in candidate recognition if quality of 

photos and reproduction are both of high quality.

Party branding 3 Party branding was common, although political party icons 

used were not intuitive.

Political party icons were not intuitive, although they 

may be more relevant in a cultural context. Without clear 

meaning, icons added signifi cant clutter to the ballots.

Language 4 Few of the ballots observed displayed more than one 

language.

5 Many countries have signifi cantly less complicated ballots than 

the United States, sometimes consisting of a single race only. 

This difference makes it diffi cult to directly apply the same 

solutions.

Due to the complexity of U.S. ballots, adding icons and 

images to offer an image-based read of the ballot, as well 

as a text-based read, seems likely to only increase its 

length and complexity.
7.24 Nine research events Events

Best practices in design for low-literacy audiences

June Crawford of the National Institute for Literacy was interviewed about the 

use of graphics in ballots for low-literacy voters, and specifi cally the conventional 

uses of political party icons, a common communication device geared toward 

low-literacy populations. Ms. Crawford also maintained that citizens with reading 

levels below third or fourth grade would require audio support to effectively 

vote with ballots. Although the team was not delivering audio design solutions, 

reading tools providing audio support were also examined. 

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Simple language 1 Clear, direct, and simple language will make ballots easier to 

read and use than legal jargon.

Content 

distribution

2 An optimal print design would be a “booklet” depicting one 

contest per page with use of images, graphics, color, and large 

text.

As often as possible, isolate ideas to one per page. This can 

easily be applied to DRE solutions.

Comprehension 3 There are many successful interaction strategies used in 

software samples that could be leveraged to enhance the 

experience for those with minimal reading skills, for example, 

highlighted text to guide readers. 

Test highlighting on DRE prototypes to improve reading 

comprehension. 

Audio 4 Particularly when language is diffi cult, clear and consistent 

visual and interaction patterns and immediate confi rmation of 

success or failure will reduce confusion.

Sound effects can reinforce interaction without adding 

visual overload. Work with manufacturers to understand and 

document realistic opportunities.

5 Audio is a useful aspect of design for those with low-literacy 

skills, reinforcing words displayed and offering useful interaction 

feedback.

Audio controls should be offered throughout the experience.

Minimal reading 

levels

6 All print materials should be usable by those with a third- or 

fourth-grade reading level. Materials targeting this educational 

level should be reviewed.

Use large type, short sentences, and paragraphs to reach 

those with low-literacy.

Usability testing 7 Reading challenges do not vary by location. Testing in particular 

geographic areas of the U.S. will not be necessary, although 

some areas may benefi t more than others from improved 

design.

Event four

Next steps

Conduct research interviews with recommended experts: 

— Linda Church, Peter Waite, and Marcia Tait at Pro Literacy America

— Janice Cuddahee and Kevin Smith at Literacy New York (one of the largest literacy 

programs in the United States)

— Queens Library Adult Services program (for insight into the diverse low-literacy 

community it serves)
7.25 Nine research events Events

Event fi ve: Multiple language review 

September 19–October 18, 2006

Overview

The contractor hired a professional partner to translate samples from the optical 

scan ballot, rolling DRE ballot, and voter information prototypes into various 

languages to test the cultural appropriateness, fl exibility, and scalability of the 

design systems.

Materials studied

Voter information

Optical scan ballots

Full-face DRE ballots

Rolling DRE ballots

Research goals

Usable

Accessible

Language

Legible and readable

Learnable

Credible

Clarify user requirements

Clarify production requirements

Scalable

Flexible

Reusable

Clarify legislative requirements

Clarify standards requirements (non-legislative)

Clarify existing practices

Methodology overview

Expert interviews

Expert feedback on prototypes

Usability evaluations

Observations

Field interviews

Reviews (non project materials)
7.26 Nine research events Events

Methodology

The contractor solicited translation proposals from two recommended 

organizations: Compass Languages and CTS Language link. Compass Languages 

was selected (as many elections vendors are) on the basis of price.

The partnership and content delivery process offered insights into specifi c 

challenges facing offi cials with bilingual production requirements, such as fi lesharing, formatting, font compatibility, stylistic consistency, delivery schedules, 

and turnaround times.

The templates and content delivery process provided insight into the production 

challenges experienced by election offi cials, including fi le formats, font 

compatibility, typographic treatment, and turnaround time. 

Working with their current prototypes, the contractor translated several versions 

of one- and two-language optical scan ballots, nine rolling DRE ballot screens, and 

12 voter information pieces into Arabic, Chinese, and Vietnamese samples. These 

languages were chosen for their variety to challenge the fl exibility of the design 

system.

Participants

Event fi ve

— Compass Languages, professional translation company
7.27 Nine research events Events

Next steps

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Context 1 Context is critical to the quality of a translation. Translation companies need to see the materials in their 

designed form so that they can offer specifi c and accurate 

translations.

Original materials 2 Materials should be crafted in simple English before being 

translated into other languages as this helps to ensure that the 

desired literacy level is achieved, regardless of language. 

The best practices document should offer planning tools 

that encourage election offi cials to edit materials for simple 

language before alternate language treatments.

Process and tools 3 The design templates provided were helpful despite 

compatibility issues when sharing fi les between Mac and 

Windows versions of the same software. PDF fi les were used 

to review and comment for each round of refi nement.

To increase the likelihood of quality results, defi ne a process 

and require tools with the translator that will allow rapid 

translations in the context of the ballot design and outside 

the heat of elections deadlines.

Typography 4 Recommended font families were not available in other 

languages. The translator needed to buy the fonts required for 

this project. Compass Languages worked with the contractor 

to identify and document appropriate font families, size, and 

weight requirements to ensure legibility across all languages.

Font 5 Treatment of typography is important to accurate translations; 

how text wraps and lines break will vary from one language to 

another and infl uence the readability and meaning of content. 

During testing, it took at least two review cycles to produce 

adequate results.

It is essential that professional translators (preferably those 

with elections experience) are included in the process and 

given adequate time to translate. At least two rounds of 

refi nement are likely to be necessary for quality translations.

Scalability and 

fl exibility

6 Proposed single-language and dual-language ballots suffi ciently 

accommodated the three languages and resulted in a relatively 

consistent design product.

Event fi ve

Next steps

— Offer materials to the EAC Language Working Group for review. 

— Conduct additional Chinese translations with AIGA China.
7.28 Nine research events Events

Event six: 

Studies with literacy experts

New York, NY

September 13 and 27, 2006

October 10, 2006

Overview

The research team interviewed and conducted a series of evaluations of the 

materials with low-literacy experts at the Queens Library Adult Learning Program.

Materials studied

Voter information

Optical scan ballots

Full-face DRE ballots

Rolling DRE ballots

Research goals

Usable

Accessible

Language

Legible and readable

Learnable

Credible

Clarify user requirements

Clarify production requirements

Scalable

Flexible

Reusable

Clarify legislative requirements

Clarify standards requirements (non-legislative)

Clarify existing practices

Methodology overview

Expert interviews

Expert feedback on prototypes

Usability evaluations

Observations

Field interviews

Reviews (non project materials)
7.29 Nine research events Events

Methodology

The contractor conducted three 60-minute usability sessions with three to four 

experts at a time to evaluate working prototypes against comparable materials. 

Feedback was captured in a standard format throughout all three sessions.

Participants examined core ballot prototypes and alternative studies to review 

issues of color use, icons, navigation, and treatment of long text in ballots for less 

literate voters.

Participants

The contractor met with 20 literacy instructors, each with an average teaching 

experience of 11 years.

Event six

General fi ndings summary

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Simple language 1 Users preferred “Yes” and “No” to “Accept” and “Reject” and 

“Next” and “Back” over “Forward” and “Previous.”

2 There is a need for simpler language on ballot measures. Consider using shorter paragraphs. 

Consider adding extra space after commas or periods to 

provide visual break. 

Consider adding tick marks in left column or using linenumbering conventions. 

Consider adding extra space between every fi ve lines of 

text. 

3 The language used on the ballots was considered the main 

usability obstacle.

The literacy instructors initiated a list of words to be avoided 

and encouraged the development of a list of alternatives that 

would be included in the fi nal document.

Offer fi nal documents to simple language experts for review 

and input.

4 Experts preferred the use of words in addition to icons to label 

buttons.

Optical scan ballot summary

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Straight-party vote 1 Straight-party voting on the optical scan ballots was described 

as confusing even for experienced, engaged, and educated 

voters. 

Remove straight-party voting from optical scan ballots.

Ballot instructions 2 Illustrations shown on the optical scan ballot were considered 

useful but inaccurate. For example, the write-in instructions 

show a name in script while the text asks voters to print.

Confi rm consistency of all instructions in the ballot. In this 

case, revise illustration.

Improve contrast in illustrations to accommodate low-vision 

issues.
7.30 Nine research events Events Event six

Rolling DRE ballot summary

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Introduction 1 Introduction provided in the prototype was considered 

simple, straightforward, and appropriate. Instructors expected 

immediate action when selecting a language.

Language 

selection

2 Instructors accurately assumed how the straight-party voting 

would function on the DRE prototype. 

Eliminate Confi rm Button. Selection of language should 

trigger an immediate reaction. 

Straight-party vote 3 There was signifi cant concern that this option would be diffi cult 

for those with minimal language skills to understand.

Build functionality into next prototype to garner participant 

reaction and feedback. 

Ballot instructions 3 Instructions were considered useful but the literacy instructors 

questioned the placement of the instructions in the left column, 

stating that it would be confusing to know where to begin 

voting. The “Start Voting Here” message was considered 

helpful but likely to be an insuffi cient cue, particularly for those 

with beginning reading skills. 

Show another version with instructions placed across the 

top of the ballot or on a cover sheet. Top-align contest titles 

(requested by voters in fi rst round of usability testing) to 

increase readability, save space, and reduce costs. 

Voting instructions 4 Literacy instructors preferred the use of minimal color applied 

to instructions in other versions presented, stating that it draws 

attention to consistent and critical content without detracting 

from the visibility of candidate selection. 

Create two-color variations to further enhance clear 

instructions. 

Demonstrate a similar application of color on two-language 

ballots.

5 The exclamation point intended to draw attention to instructions 

may be overused. Instructors thought it would lose impact if 

used on every contest.

Reserve exclamation point for unique or important 

instructions.

Selection data 6 Instructors felt there should be greater distinction between 

contests and/or columns. 

Ideally, each contest would have a separate page with the 

title of each contest top-aligned to be most user friendly. 

Initial improvements should create greater clarity and visual 

hierarchy. 

Navigation 7 Instructors anticipated that voters will have diffi culty using the 

three-column format as currently designed. Early readers may 

attempt to read across the page rather than down columns 

unless there is greater distinction between columns. 

Explore design options to improve readability: vertical lines, 

alternating background shading in columns, expanding the 

space between columns, or providing stronger line breaks.

Informational 

icons

8 Symbols used in the ballot instructions ( ! , ? , or i ) were 

considered useful only as a visual cue.

The question mark and the information symbol ( ? and i ) 

were not considered intuitive and were culturally irrelevant for 

some. The exclamation point used to draw attention to special 

instructions was considered a symbol of urgency or danger but 

was also considered appropriate if minimally used. 

Explore alternate informational characters and/or a 

numbering system to draw attention and provide necessary 

order and direction.

Political party 

icons

9 According to instructors, it will be diffi cult to design intuitive, 

simple political party icons that are descriptive enough for 

people to understand without instruction.

Remove political party icons or devote an entire research 

study to their meaningful development.

Optical scan ballot summary (continued)
7.31 Nine research events Events Event six

Straight-party vote 4 The ballot instructions were considered a critical element in the 

voting experience. The prototype tested included only minimal 

instructions, which elicited few comments.

If possible, eliminate this option. If required, clarify and 

simplify instructions.

Ballot instructions 5 Voting instructions were easily visible. The prototype refi nement should incorporate ballot 

instructions, help, and the ability to change type, contrast, 

and language settings.

Voting instructions 6 Placement and contrast was considered to be satisfactory for 

current prototype. 

Instructions should also be written with a patterned 

structure. “Vote for 1” and “Vote for up to 3” should follow 

similar sentence patterns.

Selection data 7 Instructors suggested adding a Skip button to provide 

confi rmation when voters decide not to make a selection. 

Prototypes were designed to encourage voters to 

participate in all contests and therefore tend toward a 

relatively linear experience. This also simplifi es instructions 

and navigation for users.

8 The current prototype does not allow users to skip a contest. 

Once they have made a selection, they are forced into a choice.

Ensure that all possible scenarios are noted and considered 

for documentation even though not all functionality will 

necessarily be included in a refi ned prototype.

9 Instructors were confused by different instructions for “Select 

one” and “Select up to three” when trying to de-select a 

candidate because interaction patterns were different for each.

Consistently offer a tap on/tap off de-selection pattern. 

Toggle should also be active, offering two effective 

methods for changing a vote on single-selection contests.

10 Instructors recommended a pattern of one idea/contest per 

page. It was assumed that this consistency would serve as a 

pattern that many early readers appreciate/require. 

The literacy instructors preferred one contest per screen.

Navigation 11 Instructors thought the scroll bars, as currently designed, would 

be confusing for some.

Explore alternate pagination options. Add labels such as 

“See more” to scroll buttons.

12 Interaction patterns provided guidance and increased 

confi dence; however, instructors were concerned that 

navigation did not offer enough consistency. 

Ensure that buttons are labeled, placed consistently, and 

behave consistently throughout the experience.

Help 13 Few noticed the question mark as currently designed, indicating 

the Help option in the lower left corner of the screen. 

Label button “Help” and offer throughout the process. 

Determine if additional visual cues are helpful in drawing 

appropriate attention. 

Accessibility 14 The literacy instructors anticipated that some students, 

especially new citizens, will want to vote in English but may 

want or need to confi rm information in their native language.

Offer the ability to change languages, contrast, and font size 

throughout the process.

Review/summary 15 Some instructors requested immediate and more information 

telling them: (1) If they have skipped a contest; (2) If so, which 

one; (3) How to get back to areas of the ballot they may have 

missed; and (4) How much of the ballot and what type of 

contests are left.

The literacy instructors said novice readers often feel rushed 

and skip to more easily understood items. Patterns are very 

important in providing guidance and increasing confi dence.

Refi ne the review/summary pages.

Offer access to review/summary pages throughout the 

voting experience. 

Consider allowing users to move through ballot sequentially 

and nonsequentially. 

Write-in 16 Write-in candidate functionality was well received.

Rolling DRE ballot summary (continued)
7.32 Nine research events Events

Event seven: Expert reviews 

of optical scan ballots

December 1, 2006

Overview

Optical scan prototypes were offered to the team’s panel of experts, election 

offi cials, and several major ballot manufacturers for evaluation and feedback.

Materials studied

Voter information

Optical scan ballots

Full-face DRE ballots

Rolling DRE ballots

Research goals

Usable

Accessible

Language

Legible and readable

Learnable

Credible

Clarify user requirements

Clarify production requirements

Scalable

Flexible

Reusable

Clarify legislative requirements

Clarify standards requirements (non-legislative)

Clarify existing practices

Methodology overview

Expert interviews

Expert feedback on prototypes

Usability evaluations

Observations

Field interviews

Reviews (non project materials)

Participants

— The contractor’s panel of experts

— Election offi cials

— Manufacturers
7.33 Nine research events Events Event seven

Research summary

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

General ballot 1 Some State statutes prohibit the use of color. Color printing is 

also anticipated to be expensive for some jurisdictions.

The contractor recommends two colors for optimal 

readability and usability. The two-color solution can be 

translated to a one-color version. 

2 One expert questioned the technical feasibility of breaking long 

(ballot measure) text across two columns.

Studies showed that two-column display is optimal for 

voters and the contractor believes that existing vendor 

technology can accommodate this display.

3 Some States, such as California, require vote marks to be 

displayed to the right of candidate names, not to the left.

Place vote marks to the left as per typical convention for 

form design.

4 Will Western symbols, such as the exclamation point and 

question mark, be universally understood?

Symbols are not used without corresponding text 

explanation. Even if not understood, they serve as visual 

emphasis and help draw the voter’s attention to important 

information. 

5 The exclamation point is considered a warning instead of a 

symbol to draw attention to positive information.

Based on feedback from low-literacy experts, the 

exclamation point should be used on a limited basis.

6 Some state laws require the use of specifi c fonts. The Univers font family was designed to be extremely 

fl exible and legible—the usability studies have confi rmed its 

readability. Very similar sans serif faces may be as effective.

7 Use initial caps in “Vote for __” instructions. 

Can “all-caps” instructions be used?

Make change: Use initial caps consistently. 

All-caps treatments were not recommended in Design for 

Democracy’s and NIST’s “2005 Ballot Design Guidance” 

document. Numerous studies support the use of upper- and 

lowercase text settings over all capital settings. 

8 Some jurisdictions require tear-off stubs on ballots. Ballot requirements vary greatly across the country. 

A general 80-20 majority favoring nonlinear formats was 

followed.

9 Some areas require additional information about the candidate 

on the ballot—for example, three-word occupational 

descriptions.

Content on the ballot should be kept to a minimum, offering 

only critical information to support ballot clarity. Additional 

candidate data (occupation, address, etc.) should be 

separate from the ballot and available to voters in advance of 

Election Day.

Ballot instructions 10 Instructions should say, “Use only the pencil provided,” or 

similar tone and content.

Make sure instructions are specifi c and keyed to ballot 

technology.

11 Current write-in instructions state “Print name,” but the 

illustration displays a name written in script.

Confi rm consistency of all instructions in the ballot. In this 

case, revise illustration.

12 According to one expert, including label “write-in” next to input 

fi elds causes overvoting, even when de-emphasized in gray 

text.

Clarify write-in as an option, not a requirement.

13 Numbering instructions incorrectly implies a process although 

the “steps” are not actually sequential.

Keep instructions scannable; consider removing numbers 

for clarity.
7.34 Nine research events Events

Ballot instructions

(continued)

14 Users require persistent voting instructions, although they 

signifi cantly lengthen the ballot.

Post instructions in voting booth, as well as on ballot.

15 The message “You do not have to vote in every race” may 

cause undervoting.

Edit content to maintain clarity and accuracy while 

encouraging voters to participate fully.

16 Some experts questioned the placement of instruction in the 

left column, suggesting it is atypical in the industry and that use 

of space may be better dedicated to contests.

Show variations on instructions, such as instructions on a 

cover page and at the top of the ballot, rather than the left 

column.

Voting instructions 17 When there are two-name tickets, such as “President and Vice 

President,” instructions should read “Vote for 1 pair” rather 

than “Vote for 1.”

Implement this change.

18 Experts suggested using numerals rather than text in “Vote for 

___” instructions.

Implement this change.

Selection data 19 Watch for spacing inconsistencies. Edit ballot for proper letter, word, and line spacing.

20 Watch for inconsistent line displays. Disregard inconsistencies caused by third-party 

(manufactured) template.

21 The line separating “Accept” and “Reject” may mistakenly 

indicate a write-in opportunity to voters.

Leave as is: This has not been a consistent response from 

voters, election offi cials, and experts.

22 Party symbols are considered confusing and challenging. The literacy and AARP communities interviewed do not 

support icon use. Where required, it is recommended 

that offi cials hire an icon design specialist to help ensure 

greatest usability.

23 One expert questioned the position of the ovals on contests 

with pairs of candidates.

Leave as is: This did not pose usability issues in the studies.

24 One election offi cial suggested separating constitutional 

questions from contests when they appear on the same page.

Leave as is: Overall expert input favors pace and consistent 

placement of content over page breaks for differentiation. 

Strive to keep the number of pages to a minimum while not 

breaking a contest or question onto another page.

Navigation 25 One expert questioned the production and budget impact of an 

18”-long ballot.

The contractor recognizes that most manufacturers offer 

different ballot lengths and that offi cials have budget 

restrictions. By prioritizing minimum VVSG-required text 

sizes and navigational cues, voter usability is emphasized.

26 One expert questioned the production and budget costs and 

user impact of a fi ve-page ballot format.

See above.

27 Increased ballot pages will require ballot boxes to be emptied 

more frequently, which may increase error rates or the 

perception of increased errors.

Prioritize readability and usability of the ballot over election 

management issues.

28 “Continue voting next side” should be more clearly 

distinguished from surrounding text.

Make text bolder or bigger.

Research summary (continued)

Event seven
7.35 Nine research events Events

Simple language 29 The term “Retain” may not be understood by all voters and 

should be simplifi ed.

Consider using the term “Keep.”

30 Edit content throughout for simplicity and consistency. While this simplifi es the ballot, it also puts the onus on 

election offi cials and voters to have dialogs about this 

information before Election Day.

31 California law limits measures to 75 words in the ballot. Simple-language experts edited the NIST-based instructions 

and labeling. Variables such as constitutional questions 

were not reviewed but continue to pose a core usability 

problem for participants in the studies.

Multiple 

languages

32 There was some concern about the hierarchy implied by 

differentiating English and a second language in bold/plain text; 

it may actually be a legal requirement to present both languages 

in an identical manner.

Limit text to one language per ballot, when possible. 

When necessary, use the two-language template, 

developed with the support of literacy experts. This 

template uses bold text to distinguish one language from 

another when they share an alphabet (such as English and 

Spanish). 

No bold text is required, however, when alphabets differ 

(such as English and Chinese).

English does not need to be the fi rst language in the 

sequence.

33 Political party names must be translated. Implement this change.

34 The samples sent to the Language Working Group Asian 

representative did not include an Asian-language translation.

Materials were sent to AIGA China for a review and a 

second pass at translations. These fi nal materials are used 

in the best practices document.

35 On two-language ballots, one expert suggested stacking 

languages horizontally rather than side-by-side.

This treatment was used successfully in the Colfax County, 

NE, pilot study, but testing with literacy experts indicated a 

preference for side-by-side display.

Research summary (continued)

Event seven

Next steps

— Refi ne designs to support fi nal best practices.

— Begin documentation process.
7.36 Nine research events Events

Event eight: Rolling DRE usability 

evaluations

New York, NY

December 1, 8, 9, 2006

Overview

Usability sessions were held at AIGA offi ces in New York City. The contractor 

worked with representative voters to test refi nements made to the interactive 

prototype based on feedback from the fi rst round of evaluations.

Materials studied

Voter information

Optical scan ballots

Full-face DRE ballots

Rolling DRE ballots

Research goals

Usable

Accessible

Language

Legible and readable

Learnable

Credible

Clarify user requirements

Clarify production requirements

Scalable

Flexible

Reusable

Clarify legislative requirements

Clarify standards requirements (non-legislative)

Clarify existing practices

Methodology overview

Expert interviews

Expert feedback on prototypes

Usability evaluations

Observations

Field interviews

Reviews (non project materials)

Participants

Fifteen representative voters between the ages of 22 and 64 years, both men and 

women, were studied. To achieve a random sampling, no special recruiting was 

done to limit language skills, education, income, or cultural identity.
7.37 Nine research events Events Event eight

Ballot summary

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Election 

information

1 Displaying the date on each page seemed repetitive for 

some participants. Some also noticed that the date was listed 

as dd/mm/year rather than typical U.S. standard mm/dd/year.

Remove date with the exception of introductory pages. 

Dates should be presented in standard U.S. format. 

Contest 

information

2 Election banner is not considered a valuable use of space. Remove “general election” label. Instead, display pagespecifi c information such as “Contests,” “Retentions,” 

“Referendums,” and add category information such as 

State, County, Local...

3 “Retention” as a title is confusing. Display name of judge and offi ce as the title.

4 Participants missed the countdown feature. “More than three” and the tally that counts remaining 

options should be displayed together and emphasized with 

color, bold text, or a graphic treatment.

5 Some participants did not notice the fi rst “Vote for three” 

contest, even after prompting.

Atypical instructions should be bold or colored to draw 

attention, particularly when a user can vote for more than 

one candidate.

6 Accept and Reject language is considered intimidating, if not 

confusing.

Instructions on ballot measure should say “choose yes 

or no.”

7 Instructions should be accurate, clear, and succinct. Have simple-language experts review materials for fi nal 

approval to ensure ease and accuracy in the fi nal prototype.

8 Participants were confused when content and format of 

instructions was inconsistent.

Create parallel sentence structure across all instructions.

9 A number of participants felt the (!) was a sign of danger or 

error. It reminds them of a yellow warning triangle or computer 

error message.

Possibly change (!) to another symbol.

10 Overall ballot felt “too gray” (not enough contrast). Highlight instructions or voting instructions to improve 

contrast and hierarchy.

Contest/selection 

data

11 Most people were easily able to touch candidate name, but not 

the box in front of the name. Some felt that there should be 

more space between candidate names. 

Confi rm that touchscreen buttons meet industry standards 

in general, and best practices proposed in 2005 VVSG in 

particular. 

12 Many participants touch the empty box before the name. These 

squares are confusing when inactive.

Show box and check only when a selection is made, or 

make boxes and candidate names active.

13 Some experts were confused when two candidates were listed 

on one button. They did not recognize the option as a ticket. 

Explore design treatments to ensure that both names are 

easy to read.

14 One person was confused when the Next button changed to 

“Skip.” She indicated that “Skip” is a choice, not a navigational 

element. Note: No one demonstrated problems with this, but it 

was mentioned.

Reexamine the placement and functionality of “Skip” in 

the process. Voters will be allowed to skip votes, but the 

process needs to be clearer to them.
7.38 Nine research events Events

Contest/selection 

data (continued)

15 Some experts wanted more control over the listing of 

candidates.

Add or recommend “Sort by name” button above candidate 

names, “Sort by party” button above party labels. 

Alternately, or in addition, recommend in best practices 

document that candidate names be programmed for 

random ordering.

16 Make sure text on all buttons is the same size/treatment 

throughout the prototype and ensure that text size changes 

appropriately when adjusted by user.

Baseline button treatments in the next round of 

development or address in best practices document.

17 The prototype, based on NIST’s moderately complex ballot, has 

short enough contests that all candidates fi t on one page.

Longer lists of candidates, which will require a scrolling option 

on contest pages, as well as referendums must be considered.

Revise button length to accommodate for scroll bars on 

candidate lists.

Demonstrate how scrolling (and scroll buttons) will function 

on contest pages.

18 Current prototype is optimized for text that meets VVSG 

standards but not for large-text option.

Test contest pages for most complex scenarios, including 

largest text option selected and a large number of candidate 

names on a ticket race, to ensure fi t.

Navigation 19 Participants got lost when moving between Selection, Review, 

and Help screens.

Consider offering only the contest selected from Review 

page and forcing voters back to Review screen. This has 

pros and cons. Make navigation within the prototype more 

intuitive. Improve the scrolling pace.

20 Few (3 of 25) noticed the progress indicator in its current 

placement, but once it was brought to users’ attention, they 

found it helpful.

Move the progress indicator so that Next and Back look 

more like an integrated unit. Label contest titles with screen 

number/count or provide more visual indicator of placement 

within ballot (i.e., an actual progress bar or thermometer-like 

visual). Also consider adding titles that reference contests, 

retentions, referendums at national, State, local levels.

21 Participants were confused about where to touch on the Next/

Previous buttons. A number suggested that the buttons should 

be shorter (arrow closer to label).

Adjust button length and typography to present as a more 

integrated unit and reduce unnecessary use of space.

22 Six of the fi fteen people tested were confused by the scroll 

bars. Either they didn’t see them, didn’t know how they 

worked, or the scroll bars did not function as they expected. 

Reevaluate the functionality, placement, and visual 

appearance of scroll bars. Also consider pagination models 

as an alternative.

23 Participants consistently requested better labeling to indicate 

that more text was available. Many did not notice incomplete 

text or scroll bars.

Add “UP” for more text, “DOWN” for more text with 

arrows, and change the appearance of the arrows to draw 

appropriate attention to them.

24 The pace of the scrolling mechanism is inconsistent from one 

area of the ballot to the next.

The review screen scrolling is very fast and considered 

disarming. It also stops without contest information fully visible.

Improve the scrolling pace.

Referendums should scroll line by line, and one line should 

be highlighted to fully support low-literacy voters.

25 All participants missed the green Confi rm button on the 

language selection page.

Confi rm button should gently pulse to teach voters where 

primary navigation is located.

26 When leaving the Help area, people expected “Return to 

ballot” to take them to the contest they were previously 

viewing, either on the review screen or on selection screens.

Rethink ballot/help use cases throughout.

Ballot summary (continued)

Event eight
7.39 Nine research events Events

Navigation 

(continued)

27 Missing “Cast” command in ballot prototype. Add Cast Your Ballot button to fi nal screen.

Write-in 28 Functionality of the Delete button is unclear. Reevaluate user interface for simplicity. Consider removing 

Delete and Reset buttons.

29 Some users had diffi culty changing a misspelling on the writein page because arrow buttons didn’t behave as expected.

People expect the Delete button to delete the letter just to the 

left of the cursor, but it currently deletes the letter to the right 

of the cursor.

Clarify/refi ne functionality.

30 Participants often asked if they needed to add a fi rst and last 

name—this could be because of the testing situation, but it 

came up often.

Provide caption under text fi eld “Please enter a fi rst and last 

name.”

31 One user expected to see a pop-up window with the contest 

still visible beneath it when adding a write-in candidate.

Consider pros and cons of an isolated screen and the 

introduction of pop-ups, which may be confusing to novice 

computer users and is less common in touchscreen 

samples.

32 A number of participants said they didn’t understand what 

would happen when they touched “Submit.” After trying it, 

the action was clear. Some thought it should be more explicitly 

labeled.

Review instructions strategy with simple-language 

specialists.

33 Some users to struggled to fi nd the space bar. Call more attention to the space bar.

34 A number of participants pointed out that screen does not 

have characters needed for foreign names, such as accent 

marks, etc.

Include keyboard tip in language requirements in best 

practices.

Language 

selection

35 There was come confusion about the titles on the Language, 

Help, and Selection pages when instructions were in different 

places.

Titles and instructions should be presented similarly 

throughout.

36 Vote graphic was considered appealing but function was 

unclear.

Move or eliminate the Vote graphic to avoid confusion.

Consider eliminating the Confi rm step when selecting a 

language. Users should be able to select language and 

move to next step in one touch.

37 Some users noticed small inconsistencies in the prototype’s 

interface: text, button placements, etc.

Text in language buttons should be fl ush left as on other 

buttons. All titles and buttons should adhere to a set grid 

system. Buttons on start pages should adhere to same grid 

system as used on selection pages.

38 Some participants wanted a clearer indication that they had 

moved from introduction pages to the voting process.

Consider changing the background color to be consistent 

with help area and prep screens but different than the 

selection screens.

39 Not in current prototype. Add this page. Offer voters options such as “If you want to 

start voting now, touch Start,” “If you want to change your 

settings or learn more about how to vote, touch Help.” 

Ballot summary (continued)

Event eight
7.40 Nine research events Events

Straight party vote 40 Functionality is confusing for many participants, and 

instructions do not adequately clarify or inform users about this 

option.

Revise text as follows: “A straight-party vote means you 

vote for everyone on this ballot in that party. You can also 

choose a straight-party vote and then choose a person 

running in another party for one or more offi ces. Your vote 

for that person will be counted instead of your party vote in 

that offi ce. To choose a straight-party vote, touch a party 

name. A checkmark will appear. You can undo your choice 

by touching the checkmark again. To change your vote, 

touch a different party. After you are done voting for party 

contests, remember to vote for judges and ballot measures 

beginning on screen 17.”

41 Some participants thought they would be done with the voting 

process if they used the straight-party option. 

Draw attention to measures. Add an instructional paragraph 

that addresses this issue and place the Attention icon 

nearby to add emphasis.

42 Some users wanted to change languages midstream but 

couldn’t use the “Previous” button to do so.

Consider making settings adjustments available on each 

page.

Help 43 Instructions for how to change languages were not 

necessary—the touchscreen functionality should make the 

process obvious.

Remove term “Touch language below” and add English as 

an option.

44 Participants were somewhat confused about their location in 

the experience. Some thought they were voting when they 

were in help mode, and some didn’t notice when they moved 

from help back to the ballot. 

Add title banner that says “Help.”

Change background color to be different than contest/

selection pages.

45 The left navigation was confusing for some participants. 

Some users indicated that the labeling/organization of content 

could be simplifi ed.

Restructure content hierarchy and revise button layout.

46 Most participants thought three text sizes were unnecessary 

and recommended large and small. 

Offer two text sizes that meet 2005 VVSG standards and 

address issues of low vision or tunnel vision.

Summary 47 Many users appreciated the idea of a review screen, but few 

felt it met their expectations of a summary view.

A number of people commented on the poor use of space and 

stated that for a summary it didn’t feel very summarized.

Selected candidate name and party should be displayed in 

the center column with the Change My Vote button to its 

right for a more concise use of space.

48 Participants commonly requested easy access to the contest or 

screen they had previously visited. 

Allow users to navigate back to previous contest or help 

screens.

49 Participants had diffi culty understanding their next step after 

moving from the summary screen to a contest screen—many 

wanted to return to a summary page to pick up where they left 

off. 

Consider showing only the selected contest in isolation 

when coming from the summary page.

On a selected contest, remove all bottom navigation except 

“Help” and “Return to Summary” when coming from 

summary page.

50 Summary page is missing instructions. Add instructions and summary at the top of the page and a 

contests completed counter to the left column following the 

pattern established on selection pages.

Ballot summary (continued)

Event eight
7.41 Nine research events Events

Summary 

(continued)

51 Summary page is missing a title. Add title to the top of the page following the pattern on 

selection pages and the help area.

52 Some participants were confused about their place in the ballot. 

It was not understood whether they were voting or reviewing.

Add category titles as introduced on selection pages, 

such as Contests: National, State, Local; Retentions; and 

Referendums.

Color change either in title or background to indicate review 

area to distinguish from the voting screens.

53 Missing progress indicator after selecting cast ballot. Add progress indicator review > print > cast ballot.

Printing 54 Deemed as necessary by participants and the team but not yet 

built into the prototype.

Defi ne and demonstrate process.

Suggest message while printing is in progress to the effect 

of “Your selections are printing. Please confi rm accuracy 

of the print ballot against the choices you’ve made on 

the screen. If you are satisfi ed with your choices and the 

accuracy, touch Cast My Ballot. If you would like to make 

changes, return to the review screen. .... go back. If you feel 

the print receipt is inaccurate, contact a poll worker.”

Confi rmation 55 Deemed as necessary by participants and the team but not yet 

built into the prototype.

Add print/confi rm cast functionality.

Add message after the ballot has been cast to the effect 

of “Thank you for voting today. Your ballot has been 

successfully submitted and counted in this election.”

Miscellaneous 56 Some participants seemed unimpressed with screen 

appearance. It was suggested by more than one participant that 

the presentation looked computer-generated and not designed. 

Note: These participants usually mentioned the font selection 

as part of the problem; and Univers (the recommended font) 

was not displayed as designed in all cases.

Refi ne design.

Simple language 57 “Vote for one” language sounds like a command and doesn’t 

imply that users have the opportunity to skip. Instructions need 

to make this clear.

Have simple-language experts review materials for fi nal 

approval to ensure ease and accuracy given fi nal prototype.

58 Referendums were stressful and diffi cult for everyone to read. 

“If we can’t understand them, how can design help?”

Ballot measures appeared “very gray” (not enough contrast).

Consider a white or lighter gray background to make text 

easier to read. Increase leading. Add note in instructions 

that type size can be increased for easier reading

59 Many recommended summary sections at the beginning of the 

long ballot measure screens.

Consider adding a tab structure as a possible means of 

breaking text into smaller, predictable, organized content 

areas. Tabs could be Summary (default), Proposer, 

Financials, Schedule, and Detail.

Ballot summary (continued)

Event eight

Next steps

— Refi ne designs to support fi nal best practices.

— Begin documentation process.
7.42 Nine research events Events

Event nine: Expert reviews 

of rolling DRE ballots

December 21, 2006

Overview

The contractor offered rolling DRE prototypes to the team’s panel of experts, 

election offi cials, and most prevalent ballot manufacturers for evaluation and 

feedback.

Materials studied

Voter information

Optical scan ballots

Full-face DRE ballots

Rolling DRE ballots

Research goals

Usable

Accessible

Language

Legible and readable

Learnable

Credible

Clarify user requirements

Clarify production requirements

Scalable

Flexible

Reusable

Clarify legislative requirements

Clarify standards requirements (non-legislative)

Clarify existing practices

Methodology overview

Expert interviews

Expert feedback on prototypes

Usability evaluations

Observations

Field interviews

Reviews (non project materials)

Participants

— The contractor’s panel of experts

— Elections offi cials

— Manufacturers
7.43 Nine research events Events Event nine

Rolling DRE ballot summary

Topic ID Finding Conclusion

Overall 1 Overall design is clean and weighted with the right amount of 

color to support the interaction design.

Check for red and green to confi rm choices meet color 

blindness requirements.

Overall 2 Sections within the ballot are unclear. Differences between 

partisan and nonpartisan contests may not be distinguishable.

Must help the voter understand transitions from one contest 

area to the next.

Overall 3 Greater variety in type size and weight will improve readability. Titles should be larger.

Ballot instructions 4 There are no overall ballot instructions. Suggest some A/B testing with voter instructions.

Language 

selection

5 Are different language selection buttons in English? Confi rm that all language buttons are presented in selected 

language, not in English.

Language 

selection

6 No need for the Begin button. Remove Begin button.

Straight-party vote 7 Language for screen could be simplifi ed. “To vote, touch a name. A checkmark will appear.

To undo your choice, touch the checkmark. It will disappear. 

To change your vote, touch a different name.”

“Remember to vote for judges and ballot measures 

beginning on screen 17.”

Contest 

information

8 Titles should be larger for easy reading. Increase title size.

Voting instructions 9 Instead of using “one,” use “1.” Change throughout ballot.

Voting instructions 10 Expert quote: “For the write-in, I like the idea of having 

instructions on the button itself.”

Confi rm that this is applied throughout ballot.

Voting instructions 11 See conclusion (at left) for expert-recommended language for a 

“Vote for 1” (single candidate).

“To vote, touch a name. A checkmark will appear.

To undo your choice, touch the checkmark. It will disappear. 

To change your vote, touch a different name.”

On the Write-in Button:

“Touch here to write in another name.”

Voting instructions 12 See conclusion (at left) for expert-recommended instructions 

language for “Vote for 1” (dual candidates).

“To vote, touch one set of names. A checkmark will appear.

To undo your vote, touch the checkmark. It will disappear.

To change your vote, touch another set.”

On the Write-in button:

“Touch here to write in other names.”
7.44 Nine research events Events

Voting instructions 13 See conclusion (at left) for expert-recommended instructions 

language for “Vote up to X.”

“To vote, touch a name. A checkmark will appear.

To undo your vote, touch the checkmark. It will disappear.” 

On the Write-in button: “Touch here to write in other 

names.”

Voting instructions 14 See conclusion (at left) for expert-recommended instructions 

language for questions with two choices.

“To vote, touch a name. A checkmark will appear.

To undo your vote, touch the checkmark. It will disappear.” 

On the Write-in button: “Touch here to write in other 

names.”

Ballot review 15 Expert quote: “It is unusual to see the pronoun ‘you,’ but 

testing may prove that this pronoun is motivating to voters. We 

do have doubts about the big red exclamation mark, and even 

the exclamation after the sentence. However, the consensus is 

that this should work well, and it sounds like you’ve done some 

testing, so I withdraw my recommendation.”

“To change your choice, touch the other choice.

To undo your choice, touch the checkmark. It will 

disappear.”

Help 16 Expert quote: “I strongly recommend that the settings be 

separated from Help and provided in two places: before 

voting—on the ‘Choose language’ screen, perhaps—as well 

as its own button on every screen. I’m wondering if both Help 

and ‘Settings’ buttons should have a symbol (like a ‘?’) on each 

button with the text.”

Rethink cases involving help and settings to provide better 

support.

Help 17 Expert quote: “I support use of video or animated 

demonstration to support low literacy. Alternative audio is also 

likely to be needed.”

Tutorials and demos should be engaging for voters. 

Based on standard practice in learning software, consider 

supplementing clear, concise instructions with animations 

and audio.

Miscellaneous 18 The control for audio might be more effi cient and intuitive as a 

touch slider.

Hardware manufacturers should handle audio adjustments.

Rolling DRE ballot summary (continued)

Event nine

Next steps

— Refi ne designs to support fi nal best practices.

— Begin documentation process.
7.45 Nine research events

Design development

Samples of election designs, based on input from research fi ndings, are illustrated 

on pages 7.45–7.54.

Voter information color and icon studies

To aid usability and readability, icons, functional typography, and ADA-compliant 

colors were consistently applied. Nebraska pilot test voter feedback further 

informed the design development.

Voters’ Bill of Rights

Before casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

Get help from a poll worker if you cannot read or write, if you are blind 

or disabled.

Ask for ballots, instructions and other voting materials in other 

languages in some counties.

Bring your child under 18 into your voting booth with you.

Get a new ballot if you make a mistake.

Check your votes on paper if you vote by machine.

Have your ballot counted fairly and impartially.

Vote if you are already standing in line when the polls close at 8 pm.

Vote in a polling place free of campaigning.

Get into a polling place if you have physical limits or use a wheelchair.

Vote by provisional ballot if your registration is not found or if you have 

not updated your registration since you recently moved or changed 

your name.

Take up to two hours off from work to vote at the beginning or end 

of the day without losing pay.

While casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

If you feel your rights have been violated, please call the Election 

Protection hotline toll free at 1-866-OUR-VOTE (1-866-687-8683).

For a complete list of your Voters’ Bill of Rights, please request it 

from a poll worker.

Voters’ Bill of Rights

Before casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

Get help from a poll worker if you cannot read or write, if you are blind 

or disabled.

Ask for ballots, instructions and other voting materials in other 

languages in some counties.

Bring your child under 18 into your voting booth with you.

Get a new ballot if you make a mistake.

Check your votes on paper if you vote by machine.

Have your ballot counted fairly and impartially.

Vote if you are already standing in line when the polls close at 8 pm.

Vote in a polling place free of campaigning.

Get into a polling place if you have physical limits or use a wheelchair.

Vote by provisional ballot if your registration is not found or if you have 

not updated your registration since you recently moved or changed 

your name.

Take up to two hours off from work to vote at the beginning or end 

of the day without losing pay.

While casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

If you feel your rights have been violated, please call the Election 

Protection hotline toll free at 1-866-OUR-VOTE (1-866-687-8683).

For a complete list of your Voters’ Bill of Rights, please request it 

from a poll worker.

Voters’ Bill of Rights

Before casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

Get help from a poll worker if you cannot read or write, if you are blind 

or disabled.

Ask for ballots, instructions and other voting materials in other 

languages in some counties.

Bring your child under 18 into your voting booth with you.

Get a new ballot if you make a mistake.

Check your votes on paper if you vote by machine.

Have your ballot counted fairly and impartially.

Vote if you are already standing in line when the polls close at 8 pm.

Vote in a polling place free of campaigning.

Get into a polling place if you have physical limits or use a wheelchair.

Vote by provisional ballot if your registration is not found or if you have 

not updated your registration since you recently moved or changed 

your name.

Take up to two hours off from work to vote at the beginning or end 

of the day without losing pay.

While casting your ballot, 

you have the right to:

If you feel your rights have been violated, please call the Election 

Protection hotline toll free at 1-866-OUR-VOTE (1-866-687-8683).

For a complete list of your Voters’ Bill of Rights, please request it 

from a poll worker.

@ZfejJf]kmj%_Xi[\[^\

1

2

3

)()i\Zfdd\e[\[
7.46 Nine research events

Optical scan ballots

Possible solutions for improvement of optical scan ballots for low-literacy voters are 

shown on pages 7.46–7.50. The process was iterative, with each successive design 

revised based on user input. Techniques to aid low-literacy voters include:

— Using color to support usability

— Using icons to support usability

— Displaying content (especially ballot measures) in two languages simultaneously

— Visually aligning contests and instructions.

Color studies

With domestic and international precedents for using color on ballots, options 

were tested that used color to improve usability—specifi cally, to emphasize and 

clarify ballot instructions. ADA-compliant colors were used.

Design development

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not make 

any marks outside of the 

oval. You do not have to vote 

in every race.

To add a candidate, fi ll in 

the oval to the left of “or 

write-in” and print the name 

clearly on the dotted line.

Insert the completed ballot 

into the ballot sleeve. Hand 

in the ballot to be counted.

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote may 

not count. If you make a 

mistake or a stray mark, 

ask for a new ballot from 

the poll workers.

Do not fold the ballot. 

Making selections

Optional write-in

Turning in the ballot

Instructions

1 / 5

Continue voting

next side

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhard

Purple

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown

or write-in:

President and

Vice-President of the 

United States

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Charlene Franz

and

Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann

and

Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock

and

Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy

and

George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray

or write-in:

State Governor and

Lieutenant-Governor

Vote for 1 pair

Vote for 1

Vote for 1 pair

Vote for 1

Fill in the oval to the left of the 

name of your choice. Vote for one 

candidate in each contest unless 

otherwise indicated.

You must blacken the oval 

completely. Use only the marker 

found in the voting booth.

You may write in a candidate by 

placing that name on the blank line 

and filling in the oval to the left.

After voting, insert your ballot in the 

ballot sleeve. Do not fold the ballot.

Voting Instructions

Do not cross out or erase. If 

you make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

Start Voting Here

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Four-Year Term

Blue

Yellow

Purple

Orange

Pink

Gold

Gray

Aqua

Brown

1 of 4

Continue Voting 

Next Side

If you cast a straight party vote, you 

are casting a vote for all candidates 

of that party in the partisan contests 

on this ballot.

However, if you also cast a vote in a 

specific partisan contest, that vote 

takes precedence over your straight 

party vote.

Straight Party Vote

Joseph Barchi 

and Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer 

and Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court 

and Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone 

and James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand-McDougall 

and James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson 

and Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp 

and Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne 

and Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier 

and Welton Phelps

Brown

write-in:

vote for one

President and Vice-President 

of the United States

vote for one

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

David Platt

Gray

write-in:

U.S. Senator

Six-Year Term

vote for one

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

write-in:

U.S. Representative

Two-Year Term

vote for one

Charlene Franz 

and Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris 

and Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann 

and Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock 

and Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp 

and Burt Zirkle

Gray

write-in:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

write-in:

State Attorney General

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Fill in the oval to the left of the 

name of your choice. Vote for one 

candidate in each contest unless 

otherwise indicated.

You must blacken the oval 

completely. Use only the marker 

found in the voting booth.

You may write in a candidate by 

placing that name on the blank line 

and filling in the oval to the left.

After voting, insert your ballot in the 

ballot sleeve. Do not fold the ballot.

Voting Instructions

Do not cross out or erase. If 

you make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

Start Voting Here

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Four-Year Term

Blue

Yellow

Purple

Orange

Pink

Gold

Gray

Aqua

Brown

1 of 4

Continue Voting 

Next Side

If you cast a straight party vote, you 

are casting a vote for all candidates 

of that party in the partisan contests 

on this ballot.

However, if you also cast a vote in a 

specific partisan contest, that vote 

takes precedence over your straight 

party vote.

Straight Party Vote

Joseph Barchi 

and Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer 

and Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court 

and Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone 

and James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand-McDougall 

and James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson 

and Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp 

and Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne 

and Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier 

and Welton Phelps

Brown

write-in:

vote for one

President and Vice-President 

of the United States

vote for one

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

David Platt

Gray

write-in:

U.S. Senator

Six-Year Term

vote for one

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

write-in:

U.S. Representative

Two-Year Term

vote for one

Charlene Franz 

and Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris 

and Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann 

and Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock 

and Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp 

and Burt Zirkle

Gray

write-in:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

write-in:

State Attorney General

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Fill in the oval to the left of the 

name of your choice. Vote for one 

candidate in each contest unless 

otherwise indicated.

You must blacken the oval 

completely. Use only the marker 

found in the voting booth.

You may write in a candidate by 

placing that name on the blank line 

and filling in the oval to the left.

After voting, insert your ballot in the 

ballot sleeve. Do not fold the ballot.

Voting Instructions

Do not cross out or erase. If 

you make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

Start Voting Here

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Four-Year Term

Blue

Yellow

Purple

Orange

Pink

Gold

Gray

Aqua

Brown

1 of 4

Continue Voting 

Next Side

If you cast a straight party vote, you 

are casting a vote for all candidates 

of that party in the partisan contests 

on this ballot.

However, if you also cast a vote in a 

specific partisan contest, that vote 

takes precedence over your straight 

party vote.

Straight Party Vote

Joseph Barchi 

and Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer 

and Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court 

and Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone 

and James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand-McDougall 

and James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson 

and Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp 

and Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne 

and Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier 

and Welton Phelps

Brown

write-in:

vote for one

President and Vice-President 

of the United States

vote for one

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

David Platt

Gray

write-in:

U.S. Senator

Six-Year Term

vote for one

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

write-in:

U.S. Representative

Two-Year Term

vote for one

Charlene Franz 

and Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris 

and Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann 

and Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock 

and Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp 

and Burt Zirkle

Gray

write-in:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

write-in:

State Attorney General

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Fill in the oval to the left of the 

name of your choice. Vote for one 

candidate in each contest unless 

otherwise indicated.

You must blacken the oval 

completely. Use only the marker 

found in the voting booth.

You may write in a candidate by 

placing that name on the blank line 

and filling in the oval to the left.

After voting, insert your ballot in the 

ballot sleeve. Do not fold the ballot.

Voting Instructions

Do not cross out or erase. If 

you make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

Start Voting Here

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Four-Year Term

Blue

Yellow

Purple

Orange

Pink

Gold

Gray

Aqua

Brown

1 of 4

Continue Voting 

Next Side

If you cast a straight party vote, you 

are casting a vote for all candidates 

of that party in the partisan contests 

on this ballot.

However, if you also cast a vote in a 

specific partisan contest, that vote 

takes precedence over your straight 

party vote.

Straight Party Vote

Joseph Barchi 

and Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer 

and Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court 

and Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone 

and James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand-McDougall 

and James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson 

and Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp 

and Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne 

and Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier 

and Welton Phelps

Brown

write-in:

vote for one

President and Vice-President 

of the United States

vote for one

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

David Platt

Gray

write-in:

U.S. Senator

Six-Year Term

vote for one

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

write-in:

U.S. Representative

Two-Year Term

vote for one

Charlene Franz 

and Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris 

and Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann 

and Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock 

and Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp 

and Burt Zirkle

Gray

write-in:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

write-in:

State Attorney General

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Fill in the oval to the left of the 

name of your choice. Vote for one 

candidate in each contest unless 

otherwise indicated.

You must blacken the oval 

completely. Use only the marker 

found in the voting booth.

You may write in a candidate by 

placing that name on the blank line 

and filling in the oval to the left.

After voting, insert your ballot in the 

ballot sleeve. Do not fold the ballot.

Voting Instructions

Do not cross out or erase. If 

you make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

Start Voting Here

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Four-Year Term

Blue

Yellow

Purple

Orange

Pink

Gold

Gray

Aqua

Brown

1 of 4

Continue Voting 

Next Side

If you cast a straight party vote, you 

are casting a vote for all candidates 

of that party in the partisan contests 

on this ballot.

However, if you also cast a vote in a 

specific partisan contest, that vote 

takes precedence over your straight 

party vote.

Straight Party Vote

Joseph Barchi 

and Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer 

and Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court 

and Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone 

and James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand-McDougall 

and James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson 

and Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp 

and Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne 

and Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier 

and Welton Phelps

Brown

write-in:

vote for one

President and Vice-President 

of the United States

vote for one

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

David Platt

Gray

write-in:

U.S. Senator

Six-Year Term

vote for one

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

write-in:

U.S. Representative

Two-Year Term

vote for one

Charlene Franz 

and Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris 

and Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann 

and Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock 

and Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp 

and Burt Zirkle

Gray

write-in:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

write-in:

State Attorney General

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Optical scan ballot
7.47 Nine research events

Icon studies

Due to the popularity of adding party icons to ballots in some U.S. jurisdictions, 

party icons were integrated into several samples and reviewed. Literacy and 

design experts agreed that the benefi ts of potentially identifi able party images 

(always coupled with party names) were outweighed by the extra visual, cognitive, 

and political information demands required for voter understanding.

Design development

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not make 

any marks outside of the 

oval. You do not have to vote 

in every race.

To add a candidate, fi ll in 

the oval to the left of “or 

write-in” and print the name 

clearly on the dotted line.

Insert the completed ballot 

into the ballot sleeve. Hand 

in the ballot to be counted.

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote may 

not count. If you make a 

mistake or a stray mark, 

ask for a new ballot from 

the poll workers.

Do not fold the ballot. 

Making selections

Optional write-in

Turning in the ballot

Instructions

1 / 5

Continue voting

next side

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhard

Purple

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown

or write-in:

President and

Vice-President of the 

United States

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Charlene Franz

and

Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann

and

Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock

and

Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy

and

George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray

or write-in:

State Governor and

Lieutenant-Governor

Vote for 1 pair

Vote for 1

Vote for 1 pair

Vote for 1

Fill in the oval to the left of the 

name of your choice. Vote for one 

candidate in each contest unless 

otherwise indicated.

You must blacken the oval 

completely. Use only the marker 

found in the voting booth.

You may write in a candidate by 

placing that name on the blank line 

and filling in the oval to the left.

After voting, insert your ballot in the 

ballot sleeve. Do not fold the ballot.

Voting Instructions

Do not cross out or erase. If 

you make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

Start Voting Here

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Four-Year Term

Blue

Yellow

Purple

Orange

Pink

Gold

Gray

Aqua

Brown

1 of 4

Continue Voting 

Next Side

If you cast a straight party vote, you 

are casting a vote for all candidates 

of that party in the partisan contests 

on this ballot.

However, if you also cast a vote in a 

specific partisan contest, that vote 

takes precedence over your straight 

party vote.

Straight Party Vote

Joseph Barchi 

and Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer 

and Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court 

and Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone 

and James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand-McDougall 

and James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson 

and Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp 

and Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne 

and Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier 

and Welton Phelps

Brown

write-in:

vote for one

President and Vice-President 

of the United States

vote for one

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

David Platt

Gray

write-in:

U.S. Senator

Six-Year Term

vote for one

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

write-in:

U.S. Representative

Two-Year Term

vote for one

Charlene Franz 

and Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris 

and Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann 

and Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock 

and Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp 

and Burt Zirkle

Gray

write-in:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

write-in:

State Attorney General

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Fill in the oval to the left of the 

name of your choice. Vote for one 

candidate in each contest unless 

otherwise indicated.

You must blacken the oval 

completely. Use only the marker 

found in the voting booth.

You may write in a candidate by 

placing that name on the blank line 

and filling in the oval to the left.

After voting, insert your ballot in the 

ballot sleeve. Do not fold the ballot.

Voting Instructions

Do not cross out or erase. If 

you make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

Start Voting Here

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Four-Year Term

S Blue

 Yellow

) Purple

Z Orange

< Pink

X Gold

 Gray

^ Aqua

0 Brown

1 of 4

Continue Voting 

Next Side

If you cast a straight party vote, you 

are casting a vote for all candidates 

of that party in the partisan contests 

on this ballot.

However, if you also cast a vote in a 

specific partisan contest, that vote 

takes precedence over your straight 

party vote.

Straight Party Vote

Joseph Barchi 

and Joseph Hallaren

S Blue

Adam Cramer 

and Greg Vuocolo

 Yellow

Daniel Court 

and Amy Blumhardt

) Purple

Alvin Boone 

and James Lian

Z Orange

Austin Hildebrand-McDougall 

and James Garritty

< Pink

Martin Patterson 

and Clay Lariviere

X Gold

Elizabeth Harp 

and Antoine Jefferson

 Gray

Charles Layne 

and Andrew Kowalski

^ Aqua

Marzena Pazgier 

and Welton Phelps

0 Brown

write-in:

vote for one

President and Vice-President 

of the United States

vote for one

Dennis Weiford

S Blue

Lloyd Garriss

 Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton

) Purple

John Hewetson

Z Orange

Victor Martinez

< Pink

Heather Portier

X Gold

David Platt

 Gray

write-in:

U.S. Senator

Six-Year Term

vote for one

Brad Plunkard

S Blue

Bruce Reeder

 Yellow

Brad Schott

) Purple

Glen Tawney

Z Orange

Carroll Forrest

< Pink

write-in:

U.S. Representative

Two-Year Term

vote for one

Charlene Franz 

and Chris Norberg

S Blue

Gerard Harris 

and Anthony Parks

 Yellow

Linda Bargmann 

and Luis Garcia

) Purple

Barbara Adcock 

and Charles Qualey

Z Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and George Hovis

< Pink

Frederick Sharp 

and Burt Zirkle

 Gray

write-in:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Christian Poole

S Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

 Yellow

Annette Royster

) Purple

write-in:

State Attorney General

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Fill in the oval to the left of the 

name of your choice. Vote for one 

candidate in each contest unless 

otherwise indicated.

You must blacken the oval 

completely. Use only the marker 

found in the voting booth.

You may write in a candidate by 

placing that name on the blank line 

and filling in the oval to the left.

After voting, insert your ballot in the 

ballot sleeve. Do not fold the ballot.

Voting Instructions

Do not cross out or erase. If 

you make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

Start Voting Here

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Four-Year Term

S Blue

 Yellow

) Purple

Z Orange

< Pink

X Gold

 Gray

^ Aqua

0 Brown

1 of 4

Continue Voting 

Next Side

If you cast a straight party vote, you 

are casting a vote for all candidates 

of that party in the partisan contests 

on this ballot.

However, if you also cast a vote in a 

specific partisan contest, that vote 

takes precedence over your straight 

party vote.

Straight Party Vote

Joseph Barchi 

and Joseph Hallaren

S Blue

Adam Cramer 

and Greg Vuocolo

 Yellow

Daniel Court 

and Amy Blumhardt

) Purple

Alvin Boone 

and James Lian

Z Orange

Austin Hildebrand-McDougall 

and James Garritty

< Pink

Martin Patterson 

and Clay Lariviere

X Gold

Elizabeth Harp 

and Antoine Jefferson

 Gray

Charles Layne 

and Andrew Kowalski

^ Aqua

Marzena Pazgier 

and Welton Phelps

0 Brown

write-in:

vote for one

President and Vice-President 

of the United States

vote for one

Dennis Weiford

S Blue

Lloyd Garriss

 Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton

) Purple

John Hewetson

Z Orange

Victor Martinez

< Pink

Heather Portier

X Gold

David Platt

 Gray

write-in:

U.S. Senator

Six-Year Term

vote for one

Brad Plunkard

S Blue

Bruce Reeder

 Yellow

Brad Schott

) Purple

Glen Tawney

Z Orange

Carroll Forrest

< Pink

write-in:

U.S. Representative

Two-Year Term

vote for one

Charlene Franz 

and Chris Norberg

S Blue

Gerard Harris 

and Anthony Parks

 Yellow

Linda Bargmann 

and Luis Garcia

) Purple

Barbara Adcock 

and Charles Qualey

Z Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and George Hovis

< Pink

Frederick Sharp 

and Burt Zirkle

 Gray

write-in:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Christian Poole

S Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

 Yellow

Annette Royster

) Purple

write-in:

State Attorney General

Four-Year Term

vote for one

Optical scan ballot
7.48 Nine research events

Ballot measures and multiple-language studies

To clarify the usability of two-language ballots, especially in ballot measure 

content, the contractor examined variations in text layout, line length, text line 

spacing, and sequencing of content. Font weights and sizes were also studied to 

reinforce the readability of two languages and different alphabets.

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______ English / Spanish

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Papeleta Ofi cial para las Elecciones Generales

Condado de Springfi eld, Nebraska

Martes, 7 de noviembre de 2006

Do not fold the ballot.

No doble la papeleta. 

Fill in the oval to the left of 

the name of your choice. 

You must blacken the oval 

completely, and do not 

make any marks outside 

of the oval. You do not 

have to vote in every race.

Rellene el óvalo que está 

a la izquierda del nombre 

de su preferencia. Deberá 

rellenar el óvalo totalmente y 

no hacer ninguna otra marca 

fuera del óvalo. No tiene que 

votar en todas las contiendas.

Instructions

Instrucciones

Do not cross out or 

erase, or your vote 

may not count. If you 

make a mistake or a stray 

mark, ask for a new ballot 

from the poll workers.

No tache o borre, pues 

esto podría invalidar su 

voto. Si comete un error 

o hace alguna otra marca, 

pida una papeleta nueva 

a uno de los trabajadores 

electorales.

1 / 8

Continue voting

next side

Continúe votando

al otro lado

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue / Azul

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow / Amarillo

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhardt

Purple / Púrpura

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange / Naranja

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink / Rosa

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold / Oro

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray / Gris

Charles Layne

and

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua / Agua

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown / Marrón

or write-in 

o por escrito:

Dennis Weiford

Blue / Azul

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow / Amarillo

Sylvia WentworthFarthington

Purple / Púrpura

John Hewetson

Orange / Naranja

Victor Martinez

Pink / Rosa

Heather Portier

Gold / Oro

or write-in

o por escrito:

U.S. Senator

Senador de EEUU

Vote for 1 / Vote por 1

President and

Vice-President of the 

United States

Presidente y vicepresidente

de los Estados Unidos

Vote por 1 par

Brad Plunkard

Blue / Azul

Bruce Reeder

Yellow / Amarillo

Brad Schott

Purple / Púrpura

Glen Tawney

Orange / Naranja

Carroll Forrest

Pink / Rosa

or write-in 

o por escrito:

U.S. Representative

Representante de EEUU

Vote for 1 / Vote por 1

Making selections

Haga sus selecciones

To add a candidate, fi ll 

in the oval to the left of 

“or write-in” and print 

the name clearly on the 

dotted line.

Para agregar un candidato, 

rellene el óvalo a la izquierda 

del espacio designado ‘o por 

escrito’ y escriba claramente 

el nombre de la persona en 

la línea punteada.

Insert the completed 

ballot into the ballot 

sleeve. Hand in the ballot 

to be counted.

Cuando termine de votar, 

introduzca la papeleta en la 

funda protectora y entréguela para ser contada.

Optional write-in

Voto opcional por escrito

Turning in the ballot

Entregue la papeleta

Vote for 1 pair

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 2 of 4

La Votación Oficial Para la Elección General

El Condado de Springfield, Nebraska – Martes, 07 Noviembre, 2006

English / Spanish

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

David Platt

Gray

write-in / escribe-en:

U.S. Senator

Senador de EEUU

Six-Year Term / Término de Seis-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

write-in / escribe-en:

U.S. Representative

Representante de EEUU

Two-Year Term / Término de Dos-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Charlene Franz 

and Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris 

and Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann 

and Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock 

and Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp 

and Burt Zirkle

Gray

write-in / escribe-en:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Indique Gobernador y 

Teniente-Gobernador

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

write-in / escribe-en:

State Attorney General

Indique a Ministro de Justicia

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Richard Sorenson

Blue

David Price

Yellow

write-in / escribe-en:

State Treasurer

Indique a Tesorero

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Edward Shiplett

Blue

Marty Talarico

Yellow

write-in / escribe-en:

State Senator: 

31st District

Senador del Estado:

Distrito de 31

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Andrea Solis

Blue

Amos Keller

Yellow

write-in / escribe-en:

State Assemblyman: 

31st District

Indique a Asambleísta:

Distrito de 54

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Michael Marchesani

write-in / escribe-en:

State Court of Appeals Judge: 

4th Seat

Indique la Audiencia Juzga: 

Asiento Cuarto

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Continue Voting 

Next Page 

Siga Votando

Próxima Página

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 4 of 4

La Votación Oficial Para la Elección General

El Condado de Springfield, Nebraska – Martes, 07 Noviembre, 2006

English / Spanish

Thank You For Voting!

¡Gracias Para Votar! 

Shall there be an amendment to the 

State constitution allowing the State 

legislature to enact laws limiting the 

amount of damages for noneconomic 

loss that could be awarded for 

injury or death caused by a health 

care provider? “Noneconomic loss” 

generally includes, but is not limited 

to, losses such as pain and suffering, 

inconvenience, mental anguish, loss 

of capacity for enjoyment of life, loss 

of consortium, and other losses the 

claimant is entitled to recover as 

damages under general law.

This amendment will not in any 

way affect the recovery of damages 

for ecomonic loss under State law. 

“Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses 

such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future 

earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the 

economic value of domestic services, 

loss of employment or business 

opportunities. This amendment will 

not in any way affect the recovery of 

any additional damages known under 

State law as exemplary or punitive 

damages, which are damages 

allowed by law to punish a defendant 

and to deter persons from engaging 

in similar conduct in the future.

¿Habrá una enmienda a la constitución 

del Estado que permite el poder 

legislativo del estado para decretar las 

leyes que limitan la cantidad de daños 

para la pérdida de noneconomic que 

podría ser concedido para la herida o 

la muerte causadas por un proveedor 

de asistencia médica? La “pérdida de 

Noneconomic” incluye generalmente, 

pero no es limitada a, las pérdidas 

tales como el dolor y el sufrimiento, el 

inconveniente, la angustia mental, la 

pérdida de la capacidad para el placer 

de la vida, la pérdida de consorcio, y de 

otras pérdidas que el demandante tiene 

derecho para recuperar como daños bajo 

la ley general. Esta enmienda hace no en 

ninguna manera afecta la recuperación 

de daños para la pérdida de ecomonic 

bajo la ley del Estado. La “pérdida 

económica” incluye generalmente, pero 

no es limitada a, las pérdidas monetarias 

tales como el pasado y los gastos 

médicos futuros, la pérdida del pasado y 

ganancias futuras, la pérdida del uso de 

la propiedad, los costos de la reparación 

o el reemplazo, el valor económico de 

servicios domésticos, la pérdida de 

oportunidades de empleo o negocio. 

Esta enmienda hace no en ninguna 

manera afecta la recuperación de ningún 

daño adicional conocido bajo la ley del 

Estado los daños como ejemplares ni 

punitivos, que son los daños permitidos 

por la ley para castigar a un acusado y 

para disuadir a personas de entrar en el 

conducto semejante en el futuro. 

Proposed Constitutional 

Amendment H

Enmienda H Constitucional 

Propuesta

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Shall there be an amendment to 

the State constitution concerning 

recovery of damages relating 

to construction of real property 

improvements, and, in connection 

therewith, prohibiting laws that 

limit or impair a property owner’s 

right to recover damages caused by a 

failure to construct an improvement 

in a good and workmanlike manner; 

defining “good and workmanlike 

manner” to include construction that 

is suitable for its intended purposes; 

and permitting exceptions for laws 

that limit punitive damages, afford 

governmental immunity, or impose 

time limits of specified minimum 

lengths on filing lawsuits?

Irá ha una enmienda a la constitución del 

Estado con respecto a la recuperación 

de los daños que relacionan a la 

construcción de mejoras de bienes 

raíces, y, en la conexión con eso, 

prohibiendo las leyes que limitan o dañan 

un derecho de dueño de propiedad para 

recuperar los daños causados por un 

fracaso para construir una mejora en una 

manera buena y competente; definiendo 

“la manera buena y competente” incluir 

la construcción que es conveniente para 

sus propósitos destinados; y permitir 

las excepciones para leyes ¿Que limita 

los daños punitivos, proporciona la 

inmunidad gubernamental, o impone los 

límites de tiempo de longitudes mínimas 

especificadas en la clasificación los 

pleitos? 

Proposed Constitutional 

Amendment D

Enmienda D Constitucional 

Propuesta

Shall there be an amendment to 

the State constitution authorizing 

Madison and Fromwit Counties 

to hold referenda on whether to 

authorize slot machines in existing, 

licensed parimutuel facilities 

(thoroughbred and harness racing, 

greyhound racing, and jai alai) 

that have conducted live racing or 

games in that county during each of 

the last two calendar years before 

effective date of this amendment? 

The Legislature may tax slot machine 

revenues, and any such taxes must 

supplement public education 

funding statewide. Requires 

implementing legislation.

This amendment alone has no 

fiscal impact on government. If slot 

machines are authorized in Madison 

or Fromwit counties, governmental 

costs associated with additional 

gambling will increase by an 

unknown amount and local sales 

tax-related revenues will be reduced 

by $5 milliion to $8 million annually. 

If the Legislature also chooses to 

tax slot machine revenues, state tax 

revenues from Madison and Fromwit 

counties combined would range 

from $200 million to $500 million 

annually.

¿Habrá una enmienda a la constitución 

del Estado que autoriza Madison y 

Condados de Fromwit para aguantar 

los referéndums si autorizar tragaperras 

a existir, las facilidades licenciadas de 

parimutuel (pura sangre y arreos que 

compiten, el galgo que compite, y 

alai de jai) eso ha realizado competir o 

juegos vivos en que condado durante 

cada uno del último dos año común 

antes de fecha de vigencia de esta 

enmienda? La Legislatura puede tasar 

rentas de tragaperras, y cualquiera 

tales impuestos deben suplementar la 

educación pública que financia a todo 

el estado. Requiere la legislación que 

aplica.

Esta enmienda sólo no tiene impacto 

fiscal en el gobierno. Si tragaperras se 

autorizan en Madison o condados de 

Fromwit, los costos gubernamentales 

asociados con apostar adicional 

aumentarán por una cantidad 

desconocida y ventas locales rentas 

tasa-relacionados será reducido por $5 

milliion a $8 millones anualmente. Si la 

Legislatura escoge también tasar rentas 

de tragaperras, rentas de impuesto 

estatal de Madison y condados de 

Fromwit combinados recorrerían 

de $200 millones a $500 millones 

anualmente.

Proposed Constitutional 

Amendment K

Enmienda K Constitucional 

Propuesta

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 4 of 4

La Votación Oficial Para la Elección General

El Condado de Springfield, Nebraska – Martes, 07 Noviembre, 2006

English / Spanish

Thank You For Voting!

¡Gracias Para Votar! 

Shall there be an amendment to the 

State constitution allowing the State 

legislature to enact laws limiting the 

amount of damages for noneconomic 

loss that could be awarded for 

injury or death caused by a health 

care provider? “Noneconomic loss” 

generally includes, but is not limited 

to, losses such as pain and suffering, 

inconvenience, mental anguish, loss 

of capacity for enjoyment of life, loss 

of consortium, and other losses the 

claimant is entitled to recover as 

damages under general law.

This amendment will not in any 

way affect the recovery of damages 

for ecomonic loss under State law. 

“Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses 

such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future 

earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the 

economic value of domestic services, 

loss of employment or business 

opportunities. This amendment will 

not in any way affect the recovery of 

any additional damages known under 

State law as exemplary or punitive 

damages, which are damages 

allowed by law to punish a defendant 

and to deter persons from engaging 

in similar conduct in the future.

¿Habrá una enmienda a la constitución 

del Estado que permite el poder 

legislativo del estado para decretar las 

leyes que limitan la cantidad de daños 

para la pérdida de noneconomic que 

podría ser concedido para la herida o 

la muerte causadas por un proveedor 

de asistencia médica? La “pérdida de 

Noneconomic” incluye generalmente, 

pero no es limitada a, las pérdidas 

tales como el dolor y el sufrimiento, el 

inconveniente, la angustia mental, la 

pérdida de la capacidad para el placer 

de la vida, la pérdida de consorcio, y de 

otras pérdidas que el demandante tiene 

derecho para recuperar como daños bajo 

la ley general. Esta enmienda hace no en 

ninguna manera afecta la recuperación 

de daños para la pérdida de ecomonic 

bajo la ley del Estado. La “pérdida 

económica” incluye generalmente, pero 

no es limitada a, las pérdidas monetarias 

tales como el pasado y los gastos 

médicos futuros, la pérdida del pasado y 

ganancias futuras, la pérdida del uso de 

la propiedad, los costos de la reparación 

o el reemplazo, el valor económico de 

servicios domésticos, la pérdida de 

oportunidades de empleo o negocio. 

Esta enmienda hace no en ninguna 

manera afecta la recuperación de ningún 

daño adicional conocido bajo la ley del 

Estado los daños como ejemplares ni 

punitivos, que son los daños permitidos 

por la ley para castigar a un acusado y 

para disuadir a personas de entrar en el 

conducto semejante en el futuro. 

Proposed Constitutional 

Amendment H

Enmienda H Constitucional 

Propuesta

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Shall there be an amendment to 

the State constitution concerning 

recovery of damages relating 

to construction of real property 

improvements, and, in connection 

therewith, prohibiting laws that 

limit or impair a property owner’s 

right to recover damages caused by a 

failure to construct an improvement 

in a good and workmanlike manner; 

defining “good and workmanlike 

manner” to include construction that 

is suitable for its intended purposes; 

and permitting exceptions for laws 

that limit punitive damages, afford 

governmental immunity, or impose 

time limits of specified minimum 

lengths on filing lawsuits?

Irá ha una enmienda a la constitución del 

Estado con respecto a la recuperación 

de los daños que relacionan a la 

construcción de mejoras de bienes 

raíces, y, en la conexión con eso, 

prohibiendo las leyes que limitan o dañan 

un derecho de dueño de propiedad para 

recuperar los daños causados por un 

fracaso para construir una mejora en una 

manera buena y competente; definiendo 

“la manera buena y competente” incluir 

la construcción que es conveniente para 

sus propósitos destinados; y permitir 

las excepciones para leyes ¿Que limita 

los daños punitivos, proporciona la 

inmunidad gubernamental, o impone los 

límites de tiempo de longitudes mínimas 

especificadas en la clasificación los 

pleitos? 

Proposed Constitutional 

Amendment D

Enmienda D Constitucional 

Propuesta

Shall there be an amendment to 

the State constitution authorizing 

Madison and Fromwit Counties 

to hold referenda on whether to 

authorize slot machines in existing, 

licensed parimutuel facilities 

(thoroughbred and harness racing, 

greyhound racing, and jai alai) 

that have conducted live racing or 

games in that county during each of 

the last two calendar years before 

effective date of this amendment? 

The Legislature may tax slot machine 

revenues, and any such taxes must 

supplement public education 

funding statewide. Requires 

implementing legislation.

This amendment alone has no 

fiscal impact on government. If slot 

machines are authorized in Madison 

or Fromwit counties, governmental 

costs associated with additional 

gambling will increase by an 

unknown amount and local sales 

tax-related revenues will be reduced 

by $5 milliion to $8 million annually. 

If the Legislature also chooses to 

tax slot machine revenues, state tax 

revenues from Madison and Fromwit 

counties combined would range 

from $200 million to $500 million 

annually.

¿Habrá una enmienda a la constitución 

del Estado que autoriza Madison y 

Condados de Fromwit para aguantar 

los referéndums si autorizar tragaperras 

a existir, las facilidades licenciadas de 

parimutuel (pura sangre y arreos que 

compiten, el galgo que compite, y 

alai de jai) eso ha realizado competir o 

juegos vivos en que condado durante 

cada uno del último dos año común 

antes de fecha de vigencia de esta 

enmienda? La Legislatura puede tasar 

rentas de tragaperras, y cualquiera 

tales impuestos deben suplementar la 

educación pública que financia a todo 

el estado. Requiere la legislación que 

aplica.

Esta enmienda sólo no tiene impacto 

fiscal en el gobierno. Si tragaperras se 

autorizan en Madison o condados de 

Fromwit, los costos gubernamentales 

asociados con apostar adicional 

aumentarán por una cantidad 

desconocida y ventas locales rentas 

tasa-relacionados será reducido por $5 

milliion a $8 millones anualmente. Si la 

Legislatura escoge también tasar rentas 

de tragaperras, rentas de impuesto 

estatal de Madison y condados de 

Fromwit combinados recorrerían 

de $200 millones a $500 millones 

anualmente.

Proposed Constitutional 

Amendment K

Enmienda K Constitucional 

Propuesta

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 2 of 4

La Votación Oficial Para la Elección General

El Condado de Springfield, Nebraska – Martes, 07 Noviembre, 2006

English / Spanish

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

David Platt

Gray

write-in / escribe-en:

U.S. Senator

Senador de EEUU

Six-Year Term / Término de Seis-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

write-in / escribe-en:

U.S. Representative

Representante de EEUU

Two-Year Term / Término de Dos-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Charlene Franz 

and Chris Norberg

Blue

Gerard Harris 

and Anthony Parks

Yellow

Linda Bargmann 

and Luis Garcia

Purple

Barbara Adcock 

and Charles Qualey

Orange

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and George Hovis

Pink

Frederick Sharp 

and Burt Zirkle

Gray

write-in / escribe-en:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Indique Gobernador y 

Teniente-Gobernador

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

write-in / escribe-en:

State Attorney General

Indique a Ministro de Justicia

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Richard Sorenson

Blue

David Price

Yellow

write-in / escribe-en:

State Treasurer

Indique a Tesorero

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Edward Shiplett

Blue

Marty Talarico

Yellow

write-in / escribe-en:

State Senator: 

31st District

Senador del Estado:

Distrito de 31

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Andrea Solis

Blue

Amos Keller

Yellow

write-in / escribe-en:

State Assemblyman: 

31st District

Indique a Asambleísta:

Distrito de 54

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Michael Marchesani

write-in / escribe-en:

State Court of Appeals Judge: 

4th Seat

Indique la Audiencia Juzga: 

Asiento Cuarto

Four-Year Term / Término de Cuatro-Año

vote for one / vote para uno

Continue Voting 

Next Page 

Siga Votando

Próxima Página

Design development Optical scan ballot
7.49 Nine research events

Precinct 0001 Ward 0002 Split 0003 Poll Worker Initials _______ _______ English / Spanish

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Papeleta Ofi cial para las Elecciones Generales

Condado de Springfi eld, Nebraska

Martes, 7 de noviembre de 2006

¿Debe haber una enmienda a la constitución 

del estado en relación con la recuperación 

de daños relacionados con la construcción 

de mejoras a los bienes inmuebles, y, en 

relación la misma, prohibir leyes que limiten 

o afecten el derecho del dueño de una 

propiedad de recuperar los daños causados 

por no construir una mejora de una manera 

correcta y profesional; defi nir “manera 

correcta y profesional” para que incluya 

la construcción que es adecuada para los 

propósitos para los que fue diseñada; y 

permitir excepciones a las leyes que limitan 

los daños punitivos, permiten la inmunidad 

gubernamental o imponen límites de tiempo 

de duración mínima especifi cada para 

presentar demandas? 

Shall there be an amendment to the 

State constitution concerning recovery 

of damages relating to construction of 

real property improvements, and, in 

connection therewith, prohibiting laws 

that limit or impair a property owner’s 

right to recover damages caused by a 

failure to construct an improvement 

in a good and workmanlike manner; 

defi ning “good and workmanlike 

manner” to include construction that is 

suitable for its intended purposes; and 

permitting exceptions for laws that limit 

punitive damages, afford governmental 

immunity, or impose time limits of 

specifi ed minimum lengths on fi ling 

lawsuits?

Yes / Sí

No / No

5 / 8

Continue voting

next side

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¿Debe haber una enmienda a la constitución 

estatal que permita que la legislatura estatal 

promulgue leyes que limiten el monto de 

los daños por pérdidas no económicas que 

podrían ser otorgados por lesiones o muertes 

ocasionadas por un proveedor de atención 

médica? Las “pérdidas no económicas” 

generalmente incluyen, pero no se limitan 

a, pérdidas como dolor y sufrimiento, 

molestias, angustia mental, pérdida de 

capacidad para disfrutar de la vida, pérdida 

de consorcio, y otras pérdidas a las que el 

demandante tenga derecho a cobrar como 

daños según la ley general.

Esta enmienda no afectará en modo alguno 

el resarcimiento de daños por pérdidas 

económicas establecido en la ley estatal. 

“Pérdida económica” generalmente incluye, 

pero no se limita a, pérdidas monetarias 

tales como gastos médicos pasados y 

futuros, pérdida de ingresos pasados y 

futuros, pérdida del uso de propiedad, 

costos de reparación o reemplazo, el valor 

económico de los servicios domésticos, 

la pérdida de oportunidades de empleo 

o negocio. Esta enmienda no afectará en 

modo alguno el resarcimiento de cualquier 

daño adicional conocido según la ley estatal 

como daños punitivos o ejemplares, que 

son daños permitidos por la ley para castigar 

al demandado y evitar que otras personas 

participen en conductas similares en el 

futuro.

Shall there be an amendment to the 

State constitution allowing the State 

legislature to enact laws limiting the 

amount of damages for noneconomic 

loss that could be awarded for injury or 

death caused by a health care provider? 

“Noneconomic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, losses such as pain 

and suffering, inconvenience, mental 

anguish, loss of capacity for enjoyment 

of life, loss of consortium, and other 

losses the claimant is entitled to recover 

as damages under general law.

This amendment will not in any 

way affect the recovery of damages 

for ecomonic loss under State law. 

“Economic loss” generally includes, but 

is not limited to, monetary losses such as 

past and future medical expenses, loss 

of past and future earnings, loss of use of 

property, costs of repair or replacement, 

the economic value of domestic services, 

loss of employment or business 

opportunities. This amendment will not 

in any way affect the recovery of any 

additional damages known under State 

law as exemplary or punitive damages, 

which are damages allowed by law to 

punish a defendant and to deter persons 

from engaging in similar conduct in the 

future.

Yes / Sí

No / No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment D: Recovery of Damages Relating to Construction

Propuesta de Enmienda Constitucional D: Recuperación de daños relacionados a la construcción

Vote yes or no

Vote sí o no

Proposed Constitutional Amendment H: Limit of Damages for Health Care Providers

Propuesta de Enmienda Constitucional H: Límite de daños a proveedores de cuidados médicos

Vote yes or no

Vote sí o no

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Irá los impuestos estatales aumentaron 

$175 millones anualmente por impuestos 

adicionales de tabaco impuestos para 

la salud propósitos relacionados, y, en 

la conexión con eso, enmendando la 

constitución del Estado aumentar los 

impuestos a todo el estado en la venta 

de cigarrillos por mayoristas de tres y 

dos-décimo centavos por cigarrillo y en 

la venta, en el uso, en el consumo, en 

el manejo, o en la distribución de otros 

productos de tabaco por distribuidores 

en la tasa del veinte por ciento del precio 

de catálogo del fabricante; aumentando 

el tabaco tasa efectivo el 1 de enero 

de 2005; requerir las apropiaciones 

anuales de porcentajes especificados de 

las rentas adicionales del impuesto de 

tabaco para ensanchar la elegibilidad para 

y la matriculación del aumento en el plan 

básico de la salud de niños, para financiar 

el cuidado médico, primario y completo 

por cierto Estado proveedores calificados, los programas de la educación 

de tabaco, y la prevención, el descubrimiento temprano, y el tratamiento del 

cáncer y enfermedades cardiovasculares 

y pulmonares, compensar el estado 

fondos generales, los fondos de pensión 

de jubilación, y administraciones municipales para pérdidas de impuesto de 

tabaco que resultan de ventas reducidas 

de productos de cigarrillos y tabaco; 

especificando que las apropiaciones de 

rentas adicionales de impuesto de tabaco 

no estarán además de y sustituidos para 

apropiaciones para tales programas en 

el 1 de enero de 2005; permitir el uso de 

rentas adicionales de impuesto de tabaco 

para cualquier salud relacionó propósito y 

para servir a poblaciones matriculadas en 

el plan básico de la salud de niños y el estado el programa médico de ayuda al el 1 

de enero de 2005, sobre una declaración 

de un estado la emergencia fiscal por dos 

tercios de los miembros de cada casa 

de la asamblea general y el gobernador; 

prohibiendo la revocación o la reducción 

de impuestos existentes impuestos 

en cigarrillos y otro ¿Los productos del 

tabaco; excluyendo todas rentas adicionales del impuesto de tabaco del gasto 

de ejercicio económico para propósitos 

de la sección 20 de Artículo X de la 

constitución del Estado; y eximiendo 

las apropiaciones de rentas adicionales 

de impuesto de tabaco de la limitación 

reglamentaria en el crecimiento general 

de apropiaciones de fondos o cualquier 

otro existir la limitación del gasto?

3 of 4

Proposed Constitutional Amendment C

Enmienda C Constitucional Propuesta

La Votación Oficial Para la Elección General

El Condado de Springfield, Nebraska – Martes, 07 Noviembre, 2006

Continue Voting 

Next Side 

Siga Votando 

Próximo Lado

English / Spanish

Shall state taxes be increased 

$175 million annually through 

additional tobacco taxes imposed 

for health related purposes, and, in 

connection therewith, amending 

the State constitution to increase 

statewide taxes on the sale of 

cigarettes by wholesalers of three 

and two-tenths cents per cigarette 

and on the sale, use, consumption, 

handling, or distribution of other 

tobacco products by distributors 

at the rate of twenty percent of 

the manufacturer’s list price; 

increasing such tobacco taxes 

effective January 1, 2005; 

requiring annual appropriations 

of specified percentages of the 

additional tobacco tax revenues to 

expand eligibility for and increase 

enrollment in the children’s basic 

health plan, to fund comprehensive 

primary medical care through certain 

State qualified providers, tobacco 

education programs, and prevention, 

early detection, and treatment 

of cancer and cardiovascular and 

pulmonary diseases, to compensate 

the state general fund, the old age 

pension fund, and local governments 

for tobacco tax losses resulting 

from reduced sales of cigarettes 

and tobacco products; specifying 

that the appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues shall be in 

addition to and not substituted for 

appropriations for such programs 

on January 1, 2005; allowing the 

use of additional tobacco tax 

revenues for any health related 

purpose and to serve populations 

enrolled in the children’s basic 

health plan and the state medical 

assistance program as of January 1, 

2005, upon a declaration of a state 

fiscal emergency by two-thirds 

of the members of each house 

of the general assembly and the 

governor; prohibiting the repeal or 

reduction of existing taxes imposed 

on cigarettes and other tobacco 

products; excluding all additional 

tobacco tax revenues from fiscal year 

spending for purposes of section 20 

of Article X of the State constitution; 

and exempting appropriations of 

additional tobacco tax revenues from 

the statutory limitation on general 

fund appropriations growth or any 

other existing spending limitation?

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Shall there be an amendment to the 

State constitution allowing the State 

legislature to enact laws limiting the 

amount of damages for noneconomic 

loss that could be awarded for 

injury or death caused by a health 

care provider? “Noneconomic loss” 

generally includes, but is not limited 

to, losses such as pain and suffering, 

inconvenience, mental anguish, loss 

of capacity for enjoyment of life, loss 

of consortium, and other losses the 

claimant is entitled to recover as 

damages under general law.

This amendment will not in any 

way affect the recovery of damages 

for ecomonic loss under State law. 

“Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses 

such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future 

earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the 

economic value of domestic services, 

loss of employment or business 

opportunities. This amendment will 

not in any way affect the recovery of 

any additional damages known under 

State law as exemplary or punitive 

damages, which are damages 

allowed by law to punish a defendant 

and to deter persons from engaging 

in similar conduct in the future.

¿Habrá una enmienda a la constitución 

del Estado que permite el poder 

legislativo del estado para decretar las 

leyes que limitan la cantidad de daños 

para la pérdida de noneconomic que 

podría ser concedido para la herida o 

la muerte causadas por un proveedor 

de asistencia médica? La “pérdida de 

Noneconomic” incluye generalmente, 

pero no es limitada a, las pérdidas 

tales como el dolor y el sufrimiento, el 

inconveniente, la angustia mental, la 

pérdida de la capacidad para el placer 

de la vida, la pérdida de consorcio, y de 

otras pérdidas que el demandante tiene 

derecho para recuperar como daños bajo 

la ley general. Esta enmienda hace no en 

ninguna manera afecta la recuperación 

de daños para la pérdida de ecomonic 

bajo la ley del Estado. La “pérdida 

económica” incluye generalmente, pero 

no es limitada a, las pérdidas monetarias 

tales como el pasado y los gastos 

médicos futuros, la pérdida del pasado y 

ganancias futuras, la pérdida del uso de 

la propiedad, los costos de la reparación 

o el reemplazo, el valor económico de 

servicios domésticos, la pérdida de 

oportunidades de empleo o negocio. 

Esta enmienda hace no en ninguna 

manera afecta la recuperación de ningún 

daño adicional conocido bajo la ley del 

Estado los daños como ejemplares ni 

punitivos, que son los daños permitidos 

por la ley para castigar a un acusado y 

para disuadir a personas de entrar en el 

conducto semejante en el futuro. 

Proposed Constitutional 

Amendment H

Enmienda H Constitucional 

Propuesta

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Irá los impuestos estatales aumentaron 

$175 millones anualmente por impuestos 

adicionales de tabaco impuestos para 

la salud propósitos relacionados, y, en 

la conexión con eso, enmendando la 

constitución del Estado aumentar los 

impuestos a todo el estado en la venta 

de cigarrillos por mayoristas de tres y 

dos-décimo centavos por cigarrillo y en 

la venta, en el uso, en el consumo, en 

el manejo, o en la distribución de otros 

productos de tabaco por distribuidores 

en la tasa del veinte por ciento del precio 

de catálogo del fabricante; aumentando 

el tabaco tasa efectivo el 1 de enero 

de 2005; requerir las apropiaciones 

anuales de porcentajes especificados de 

las rentas adicionales del impuesto de 

tabaco para ensanchar la elegibilidad para 

y la matriculación del aumento en el plan 

básico de la salud de niños, para financiar 

el cuidado médico, primario y completo 

por cierto Estado proveedores calificados, los programas de la educación 

de tabaco, y la prevención, el descubrimiento temprano, y el tratamiento del 

cáncer y enfermedades cardiovasculares 

y pulmonares, compensar el estado 

fondos generales, los fondos de pensión 

de jubilación, y administraciones municipales para pérdidas de impuesto de 

tabaco que resultan de ventas reducidas 

de productos de cigarrillos y tabaco; 

especificando que las apropiaciones de 

rentas adicionales de impuesto de tabaco 

no estarán además de y sustituidos para 

apropiaciones para tales programas en 

el 1 de enero de 2005; permitir el uso de 

rentas adicionales de impuesto de tabaco 

para cualquier salud relacionó propósito y 

para servir a poblaciones matriculadas en 

el plan básico de la salud de niños y el estado el programa médico de ayuda al el 1 

de enero de 2005, sobre una declaración 

de un estado la emergencia fiscal por dos 

tercios de los miembros de cada casa 

de la asamblea general y el gobernador; 

prohibiendo la revocación o la reducción 

de impuestos existentes impuestos 

en cigarrillos y otro ¿Los productos del 

tabaco; excluyendo todas rentas adicionales del impuesto de tabaco del gasto 

de ejercicio económico para propósitos 

de la sección 20 de Artículo X de la 

constitución del Estado; y eximiendo 

las apropiaciones de rentas adicionales 

de impuesto de tabaco de la limitación 

reglamentaria en el crecimiento general 

de apropiaciones de fondos o cualquier 

otro existir la limitación del gasto?

3 of 4

Proposed Constitutional

Amendment C

La Votación Oficial Para la Elección General

El Condado de Springfield, Nebraska – Martes, 07 Noviembre, 2006

Continue Voting 

Next Side 

Siga Votando 

Próximo Lado

English / Spanish

Shall state taxes be increased 

$175 million annually through 

additional tobacco taxes imposed 

for health related purposes, and, in 

connection therewith, amending 

the State constitution to increase 

statewide taxes on the sale of 

cigarettes by wholesalers of three 

and two-tenths cents per cigarette 

and on the sale, use, consumption, 

handling, or distribution of other 

tobacco products by distributors 

at the rate of twenty percent of 

the manufacturer’s list price; 

increasing such tobacco taxes 

effective January 1, 2005; 

requiring annual appropriations 

of specified percentages of the 

additional tobacco tax revenues to 

expand eligibility for and increase 

enrollment in the children’s basic 

health plan, to fund comprehensive 

primary medical care through certain 

State qualified providers, tobacco 

education programs, and prevention, 

early detection, and treatment 

of cancer and cardiovascular and 

pulmonary diseases, to compensate 

the state general fund, the old age 

pension fund, and local governments 

for tobacco tax losses resulting 

from reduced sales of cigarettes 

and tobacco products; specifying 

that the appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues shall be in 

addition to and not substituted for 

appropriations for such programs 

on January 1, 2005; allowing the 

use of additional tobacco tax 

revenues for any health related 

purpose and to serve populations 

enrolled in the children’s basic 

health plan and the state medical 

assistance program as of January 1, 

2005, upon a declaration of a state 

fiscal emergency by two-thirds 

of the members of each house 

of the general assembly and the 

governor; prohibiting the repeal or 

reduction of existing taxes imposed 

on cigarettes and other tobacco 

products; excluding all additional 

tobacco tax revenues from fiscal year 

spending for purposes of section 20 

of Article X of the State constitution; 

and exempting appropriations of 

additional tobacco tax revenues from 

the statutory limitation on general 

fund appropriations growth or any 

other existing spending limitation?

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Enmienda C

Constitucional Propuesta

Shall there be an amendment to the 

State constitution allowing the State 

legislature to enact laws limiting the 

amount of damages for noneconomic 

loss that could be awarded for 

injury or death caused by a health 

care provider? “Noneconomic loss” 

generally includes, but is not limited 

to, losses such as pain and suffering, 

inconvenience, mental anguish, loss 

of capacity for enjoyment of life, loss 

of consortium, and other losses the 

claimant is entitled to recover as 

damages under general law.

This amendment will not in any 

way affect the recovery of damages 

for ecomonic loss under State law. 

“Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses 

such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future 

earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the 

economic value of domestic services, 

loss of employment or business 

opportunities. This amendment will 

not in any way affect the recovery of 

any additional damages known under 

State law as exemplary or punitive 

damages, which are damages 

allowed by law to punish a defendant 

and to deter persons from engaging 

in similar conduct in the future.

¿Habrá una enmienda a la constitución 

del Estado que permite el poder 

legislativo del estado para decretar las 

leyes que limitan la cantidad de daños 

para la pérdida de noneconomic que 

podría ser concedido para la herida o 

la muerte causadas por un proveedor 

de asistencia médica? La “pérdida de 

Noneconomic” incluye generalmente, 

pero no es limitada a, las pérdidas 

tales como el dolor y el sufrimiento, el 

inconveniente, la angustia mental, la 

pérdida de la capacidad para el placer 

de la vida, la pérdida de consorcio, y de 

otras pérdidas que el demandante tiene 

derecho para recuperar como daños bajo 

la ley general. Esta enmienda hace no en 

ninguna manera afecta la recuperación 

de daños para la pérdida de ecomonic 

bajo la ley del Estado. La “pérdida 

económica” incluye generalmente, pero 

no es limitada a, las pérdidas monetarias 

tales como el pasado y los gastos 

médicos futuros, la pérdida del pasado y 

ganancias futuras, la pérdida del uso de 

la propiedad, los costos de la reparación 

o el reemplazo, el valor económico de 

servicios domésticos, la pérdida de 

oportunidades de empleo o negocio. 

Esta enmienda hace no en ninguna 

manera afecta la recuperación de ningún 

daño adicional conocido bajo la ley del 

Estado los daños como ejemplares ni 

punitivos, que son los daños permitidos 

por la ley para castigar a un acusado y 

para disuadir a personas de entrar en el 

conducto semejante en el futuro. 

Proposed Constitutional 

Amendment H

Enmienda H Constitucional 

Propuesta

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 3 of 4

La Votación Oficial Para la Elección General

El Condado de Springfield, Nebraska – Martes, 07 Noviembre, 2006

Continue Voting 

Next Side 

Siga Votando 

Próximo Lado

English / Spanish

Shall state taxes be increased 

$175 million annually through 

additional tobacco taxes imposed 

for health related purposes, and, in 

connection therewith, amending 

the State constitution to increase 

statewide taxes on the sale of 

cigarettes by wholesalers of three 

and two-tenths cents per cigarette 

and on the sale, use, consumption, 

handling, or distribution of other 

tobacco products by distributors 

at the rate of twenty percent of 

the manufacturer’s list price; 

increasing such tobacco taxes 

effective January 1, 2005; 

requiring annual appropriations 

of specified percentages of the 

additional tobacco tax revenues to 

expand eligibility for and increase 

enrollment in the children’s basic 

health plan, to fund comprehensive 

primary medical care through certain 

State qualified providers, tobacco 

education programs, and prevention, 

early detection, and treatment 

of cancer and cardiovascular and 

pulmonary diseases, to compensate 

the state general fund, the old age 

pension fund, and local governments 

for tobacco tax losses resulting 

from reduced sales of cigarettes 

and tobacco products; specifying 

that the appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues shall be in 

addition to and not substituted for 

appropriations for such programs 

on January 1, 2005; allowing the 

use of additional tobacco tax 

revenues for any health related 

purpose and to serve populations 

enrolled in the children’s basic 

health plan and the state medical 

assistance program as of January 1, 

2005, upon a declaration of a state 

fiscal emergency by two-thirds 

of the members of each house 

of the general assembly and the 

governor; prohibiting the repeal or 

reduction of existing taxes imposed 

on cigarettes and other tobacco 

products; excluding all additional 

tobacco tax revenues from fiscal year 

spending for purposes of section 20 

of Article X of the State constitution; 

and exempting appropriations of 

additional tobacco tax revenues from 

the statutory limitation on general 

fund appropriations growth or any 

other existing spending limitation?

Irá los impuestos estatales aumentaron 

$175 millones anualmente por impuestos adicionales de tabaco impuestos 

para la salud propósitos relacionados, 

y, en la conexión con eso, enmendando 

la constitución del Estado aumentar los 

impuestos a todo el estado en la venta 

de cigarrillos por mayoristas de tres y 

dos-décimo centavos por cigarrillo y en 

la venta, en el uso, en el consumo, en 

el manejo, o en la distribución de otros 

productos de tabaco por distribuidores 

en la tasa del veinte por ciento del precio 

de catálogo del fabricante; aumentando 

el tabaco tasa efectivo el 1 de enero 

de 2005; requerir las apropiaciones 

anuales de porcentajes especificados de 

las rentas adicionales del impuesto de 

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Proposed Constitutional 

Amendment C

Enmienda C Constitucional 

Propuesta tabaco para ensanchar la elegibilidad para 

y la matriculación del aumento en el plan 

básico de la salud de niños, para financiar 

el cuidado médico, primario y completo 

por cierto Estado proveedores calificados, los programas de la educación 

de tabaco, y la prevención, el descubrimiento temprano, y el tratamiento del 

cáncer y enfermedades cardiovasculares 

y pulmonares, compensar el estado 

fondos generales, los fondos de pensión 

de jubilación, y administraciones municipales para pérdidas de impuesto de 

tabaco que resultan de ventas reducidas 

de productos de cigarrillos y tabaco; 

especificando que las apropiaciones de 

rentas adicionales de impuesto de tabaco 

no estarán además de y sustituidos para 

apropiaciones para tales programas en 

el 1 de enero de 2005; permitir el uso de 

rentas adicionales de impuesto de tabaco 

para cualquier salud relacionó propósito y 

para servir a poblaciones matriculadas en 

el plan básico de la salud de niños y el estado el programa médico de ayuda al el 1 

de enero de 2005, sobre una declaración 

de un estado la emergencia fiscal por dos 

tercios de los miembros de cada casa 

de la asamblea general y el gobernador; 

prohibiendo la revocación o la reducción 

de impuestos existentes impuestos 

en cigarrillos y otro ¿Los productos del 

tabaco; excluyendo todas rentas adicionales del impuesto de tabaco del gasto 

de ejercicio económico para propósitos 

de la sección 20 de Artículo X de la 

constitución del Estado; y eximiendo 

las apropiaciones de rentas adicionales 

de impuesto de tabaco de la limitación 

reglamentaria en el crecimiento general 

de apropiaciones de fondos o cualquier 

otro existir la limitación del gasto?

continued from previous column

continuado de la columna previa

continued in next column

continuado en próxima columna

Shall there be an amendment to the 

State constitution allowing the State 

legislature to enact laws limiting the 

amount of damages for noneconomic 

loss that could be awarded for 

injury or death caused by a health 

care provider? “Noneconomic loss” 

generally includes, but is not limited 

to, losses such as pain and suffering, 

inconvenience, mental anguish, loss 

of capacity for enjoyment of life, loss 

of consortium, and other losses the 

claimant is entitled to recover as 

damages under general law.

This amendment will not in any 

way affect the recovery of damages 

for ecomonic loss under State law. 

“Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses 

such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future 

earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the 

economic value of domestic services, 

loss of employment or business 

opportunities. This amendment will 

not in any way affect the recovery of 

any additional damages known under 

State law as exemplary or punitive 

damages, which are damages 

allowed by law to punish a defendant 

and to deter persons from engaging 

in similar conduct in the future.

¿Habrá una enmienda a la constitución 

del Estado que permite el poder 

legislativo del estado para decretar las 

leyes que limitan la cantidad de daños 

para la pérdida de noneconomic que 

podría ser concedido para la herida o 

la muerte causadas por un proveedor 

de asistencia médica? La “pérdida de 

Noneconomic” incluye generalmente, 

pero no es limitada a, las pérdidas 

tales como el dolor y el sufrimiento, el 

inconveniente, la angustia mental, la 

pérdida de la capacidad para el placer 

de la vida, la pérdida de consorcio, y de 

otras pérdidas que el demandante tiene 

derecho para recuperar como daños bajo 

la ley general. Esta enmienda hace no en 

ninguna manera afecta la recuperación 

de daños para la pérdida de ecomonic 

bajo la ley del Estado. La “pérdida 

económica” incluye generalmente, pero 

no es limitada a, las pérdidas monetarias 

tales como el pasado y los gastos 

médicos futuros, la pérdida del pasado y 

ganancias futuras, la pérdida del uso de 

la propiedad, los costos de la reparación 

o el reemplazo, el valor económico de 

servicios domésticos, la pérdida de 

oportunidades de empleo o negocio. 

Esta enmienda hace no en ninguna 

manera afecta la recuperación de ningún 

daño adicional conocido bajo la ley del 

Estado los daños como ejemplares ni 

punitivos, que son los daños permitidos 

por la ley para castigar a un acusado y 

para disuadir a personas de entrar en el 

conducto semejante en el futuro. 

Proposed Constitutional 

Amendment H

Enmienda H Constitucional 

Propuesta

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 3 of 4

Proposed Constitutional

Amendment C

La Votación Oficial Para la Elección General

El Condado de Springfield, Nebraska – Martes, 07 Noviembre, 2006

Continue Voting 

Next Side 

Siga Votando 

Próximo Lado

English / Spanish

Irá los impuestos estatales aumentaron $175 millones anualmente por impuestos adicionales de tabaco impuestos para 

la salud propósitos relacionados, y, en la conexión con eso, 

enmendando la constitución del Estado aumentar los impuestos 

a todo el estado en la venta de cigarrillos por mayoristas de tres 

y dos-décimo centavos por cigarrillo y en la venta, en el uso, en 

el consumo, en el manejo, o en la distribución de otros productos de tabaco por distribuidores en la tasa del veinte por ciento 

del precio de catálogo del fabricante; aumentando el tabaco 

tasa efectivo el 1 de enero de 2005; requerir las apropiaciones 

anuales de porcentajes especificados de las rentas adicionales 

del impuesto de tabaco para ensanchar la elegibilidad para y la 

matriculación del aumento en el plan básico de la salud de niños, 

para financiar el cuidado médico, primario y completo por cierto 

Estado proveedores calificados, los programas de la educación 

de tabaco, y la prevención, el descubrimiento temprano, y el 

tratamiento del cáncer y enfermedades cardiovasculares y 

pulmonares, compensar el estado fondos generales, los fondos 

de pensión de jubilación, y administraciones municipales para 

pérdidas de impuesto de tabaco que resultan de ventas reducidas de productos de cigarrillos y tabaco; especificando que las 

apropiaciones de rentas adicionales de impuesto de tabaco no 

estarán además de y sustituidos para apropiaciones para tales 

programas en el 1 de enero de 2005; permitir el uso de rentas 

adicionales de impuesto de tabaco para cualquier salud relacionó 

propósito y para servir a poblaciones matriculadas en el plan 

básico de la salud de niños y el estado el programa médico de 

ayuda al el 1 de enero de 2005, sobre una declaración de un 

estado la emergencia fiscal por dos tercios de los miembros de 

cada casa de la asamblea general y el gobernador; prohibiendo 

la revocación o la reducción de impuestos existentes impuestos 

en cigarrillos y otro ¿Los productos del tabaco; excluyendo todas 

rentas adicionales del impuesto de tabaco del gasto de ejercicio 

económico para propósitos de la sección 20 de Artículo X de la 

constitución del Estado; y eximiendo las apropiaciones de rentas 

adicionales de impuesto de tabaco de la limitación reglamentaria 

en el crecimiento general de apropiaciones de fondos o cualquier 

otro existir la limitación del gasto?

Shall state taxes be increased $175 million annually 

through additional tobacco taxes imposed for health 

related purposes, and, in connection therewith, 

amending the State constitution to increase statewide 

taxes on the sale of cigarettes by wholesalers of three 

and two-tenths cents per cigarette and on the sale, 

use, consumption, handling, or distribution of other 

tobacco products by distributors at the rate of twenty 

percent of the manufacturer’s list price; increasing such 

tobacco taxes effective January 1, 2005; requiring annual 

appropriations of specified percentages of the additional 

tobacco tax revenues to expand eligibility for and increase 

enrollment in the children’s basic health plan, to fund 

comprehensive primary medical care through certain State 

qualified providers, tobacco education programs, and 

prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer and 

cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, to compensate 

the state general fund, the old age pension fund, and local 

governments for tobacco tax losses resulting from reduced 

sales of cigarettes and tobacco products; specifying that 

the appropriations of additional tobacco tax revenues shall 

be in addition to and not substituted for appropriations 

for such programs on January 1, 2005; allowing the use 

of additional tobacco tax revenues for any health related 

purpose and to serve populations enrolled in the children’s 

basic health plan and the state medical assistance program 

as of January 1, 2005, upon a declaration of a state fiscal 

emergency by two-thirds of the members of each house 

of the general assembly and the governor; prohibiting 

the repeal or reduction of existing taxes imposed on 

cigarettes and other tobacco products; excluding all 

additional tobacco tax revenues from fiscal year spending 

for purposes of section 20 of Article X of the State 

constitution; and exempting appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues from the statutory limitation on 

general fund appropriations growth or any other existing 

spending limitation?

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Enmienda C

Constitucional Propuesta

Proposed Constitutional

Amendment H

¿Habrá una enmienda a la constitución del Estado que permite el 

poder legislativo del estado para decretar las leyes que limitan la 

cantidad de daños para la pérdida de noneconomic que podría ser 

concedido para la herida o la muerte causadas por un proveedor 

de asistencia médica? La “pérdida de Noneconomic” incluye 

generalmente, pero no es limitada a, las pérdidas tales como el 

dolor y el sufrimiento, el inconveniente, la angustia mental, la 

pérdida de la capacidad para el placer de la vida, la pérdida de 

consorcio, y de otras pérdidas que el demandante tiene derecho 

para recuperar como daños bajo la ley general. Esta enmienda 

hace no en ninguna manera afecta la recuperación de daños 

para la pérdida de ecomonic bajo la ley del Estado. La “pérdida 

económica” incluye generalmente, pero no es limitada a, las 

pérdidas monetarias tales como el pasado y los gastos médicos 

futuros, la pérdida del pasado y ganancias futuras, la pérdida del 

uso de la propiedad, los costos de la reparación o el reemplazo, 

el valor económico de servicios domésticos, la pérdida de 

oportunidades de empleo o negocio. Esta enmienda hace no en 

ninguna manera afecta la recuperación de ningún daño adicional 

conocido bajo la ley del Estado los daños como ejemplares ni 

punitivos, que son los daños permitidos por la ley para castigar a 

un acusado y para disuadir a personas de entrar en el conducto 

semejante en el futuro. 

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution 

allowing the State legislature to enact laws limiting the 

amount of damages for noneconomic loss that could 

be awarded for injury or death caused by a health care 

provider? “Noneconomic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, losses such as pain and suffering, 

inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of capacity for 

enjoyment of life, loss of consortium, and other losses the 

claimant is entitled to recover as damages under general 

law.

This amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of 

damages for ecomonic loss under State law. “Economic 

loss” generally includes, but is not limited to, monetary 

losses such as past and future medical expenses, loss of 

past and future earnings, loss of use of property, costs of 

repair or replacement, the economic value of domestic 

services, loss of employment or business opportunities. 

This amendment will not in any way affect the recovery 

of any additional damages known under State law as 

exemplary or punitive damages, which are damages 

allowed by law to punish a defendant and to deter persons 

from engaging in similar conduct in the future.

Enmienda H

Constitucional Propuesta

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska – Tuesday, November 07, 2006 3 of 4

Proposed Constitutional Amendment C

Enmienda C Constitucional Propuesta

La Votación Oficial Para la Elección General

El Condado de Springfield, Nebraska – Martes, 07 Noviembre, 2006

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English / Spanish

Shall state taxes be increased $175 million annually through additional tobacco 

taxes imposed for health related purposes, and, in connection therewith, 

amending the State constitution to increase statewide taxes on the sale of 

cigarettes by wholesalers of three and two-tenths cents per cigarette and 

on the sale, use, consumption, handling, or distribution of other tobacco 

products by distributors at the rate of twenty percent of the manufacturer’s 

list price; increasing such tobacco taxes effective January 1, 2005; requiring 

annual appropriations of specified percentages of the additional tobacco tax 

revenues to expand eligibility for and increase enrollment in the children’s 

basic health plan, to fund comprehensive primary medical care through certain 

State qualified providers, tobacco education programs, and prevention, early 

detection, and treatment of cancer and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, 

to compensate the state general fund, the old age pension fund, and local 

governments for tobacco tax losses resulting from reduced sales of cigarettes 

and tobacco products; specifying that the appropriations of additional tobacco 

tax revenues shall be in addition to and not substituted for appropriations for 

such programs on January 1, 2005; allowing the use of additional tobacco tax 

revenues for any health related purpose and to serve populations enrolled 

in the children’s basic health plan and the state medical assistance program 

as of January 1, 2005, upon a declaration of a state fiscal emergency by twothirds of the members of each house of the general assembly and the governor; 

prohibiting the repeal or reduction of existing taxes imposed on cigarettes and 

other tobacco products; excluding all additional tobacco tax revenues from fiscal 

year spending for purposes of section 20 of Article X of the State constitution; 

and exempting appropriations of additional tobacco tax revenues from the 

statutory limitation on general fund appropriations growth or any other existing 

spending limitation?

Irá los impuestos estatales aumentaron $175 millones anualmente por impuestos adicionales de tabaco impuestos para la salud propósitos relacionados, y, en la conexión con 

eso, enmendando la constitución del Estado aumentar los impuestos a todo el estado 

en la venta de cigarrillos por mayoristas de tres y dos-décimo centavos por cigarrillo y en 

la venta, en el uso, en el consumo, en el manejo, o en la distribución de otros productos 

de tabaco por distribuidores en la tasa del veinte por ciento del precio de catálogo del 

fabricante; aumentando el tabaco tasa efectivo el 1 de enero de 2005; requerir las apropiaciones anuales de porcentajes especificados de las rentas adicionales del impuesto 

de tabaco para ensanchar la elegibilidad para y la matriculación del aumento en el plan 

básico de la salud de niños, para financiar el cuidado médico, primario y completo por 

cierto Estado proveedores calificados, los programas de la educación de tabaco, y la prevención, el descubrimiento temprano, y el tratamiento del cáncer y enfermedades cardiovasculares y pulmonares, compensar el estado fondos generales, los fondos de pensión 

de jubilación, y administraciones municipales para pérdidas de impuesto de tabaco que 

resultan de ventas reducidas de productos de cigarrillos y tabaco; especificando que las 

apropiaciones de rentas adicionales de impuesto de tabaco no estarán además de y sustituidos para apropiaciones para tales programas en el 1 de enero de 2005; permitir el uso 

de rentas adicionales de impuesto de tabaco para cualquier salud relacionó propósito y 

para servir a poblaciones matriculadas en el plan básico de la salud de niños y el estado el 

programa médico de ayuda al el 1 de enero de 2005, sobre una declaración de un estado 

la emergencia fiscal por dos tercios de los miembros de cada casa de la asamblea general y el gobernador; prohibiendo la revocación o la reducción de impuestos existentes 

impuestos en cigarrillos y otro ¿Los productos del tabaco; excluyendo todas rentas adicionales del impuesto de tabaco del gasto de ejercicio económico para propósitos de la 

sección 20 de Artículo X de la constitución del Estado; y eximiendo las apropiaciones de 

rentas adicionales de impuesto de tabaco de la limitación reglamentaria en el crecimiento 

general de apropiaciones de fondos o cualquier otro existir la limitación del gasto?

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Shall there be an amendment to the 

State constitution allowing the State 

legislature to enact laws limiting the 

amount of damages for noneconomic 

loss that could be awarded for 

injury or death caused by a health 

care provider? “Noneconomic loss” 

generally includes, but is not limited 

to, losses such as pain and suffering, 

inconvenience, mental anguish, loss 

of capacity for enjoyment of life, loss 

of consortium, and other losses the 

claimant is entitled to recover as 

damages under general law.

This amendment will not in any 

way affect the recovery of damages 

for ecomonic loss under State law. 

“Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses 

such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future 

earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the 

economic value of domestic services, 

loss of employment or business 

opportunities. This amendment will 

not in any way affect the recovery of 

any additional damages known under 

State law as exemplary or punitive 

damages, which are damages 

allowed by law to punish a defendant 

and to deter persons from engaging 

in similar conduct in the future.

¿Habrá una enmienda a la constitución 

del Estado que permite el poder 

legislativo del estado para decretar las 

leyes que limitan la cantidad de daños 

para la pérdida de noneconomic que 

podría ser concedido para la herida o 

la muerte causadas por un proveedor 

de asistencia médica? La “pérdida de 

Noneconomic” incluye generalmente, 

pero no es limitada a, las pérdidas 

tales como el dolor y el sufrimiento, el 

inconveniente, la angustia mental, la 

pérdida de la capacidad para el placer 

de la vida, la pérdida de consorcio, y de 

otras pérdidas que el demandante tiene 

derecho para recuperar como daños bajo 

la ley general. Esta enmienda hace no en 

ninguna manera afecta la recuperación 

de daños para la pérdida de ecomonic 

bajo la ley del Estado. La “pérdida 

económica” incluye generalmente, pero 

no es limitada a, las pérdidas monetarias 

tales como el pasado y los gastos 

médicos futuros, la pérdida del pasado y 

ganancias futuras, la pérdida del uso de 

la propiedad, los costos de la reparación 

o el reemplazo, el valor económico de 

servicios domésticos, la pérdida de 

oportunidades de empleo o negocio. 

Esta enmienda hace no en ninguna 

manera afecta la recuperación de ningún 

daño adicional conocido bajo la ley del 

Estado los daños como ejemplares ni 

punitivos, que son los daños permitidos 

por la ley para castigar a un acusado y 

para disuadir a personas de entrar en el 

conducto semejante en el futuro. 

Proposed Constitutional 

Amendment H

Enmienda H Constitucional 

Propuesta

Accept / Acepte

Reject / Rechazo

Design development Optical scan ballot
7.50 Nine research events

Full-face DRE ballots

Test participants preferred viewing contests aligned across the top for readability 

in optical scan fi ndings. This alignment has been applied to the full-face ballot 

samples.

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Instructions

Press the button to the left of the candidate of your choice; a green 

X will appear signifying your selection.

To change any selection, press the button again. The Green arrow 

will disappear and you may make another selection.

Making selections

Press the button to left of “someone else” for 

the office you want to cast your write-in vote for. A blinking X will 

appear. On the keyboard, type in the first name of the candidate for 

whom you wish to vote, use the arrow key for the space, and then 

type in the last name. Press enter which is located on the pad. 

If an error on the write-in is made:

Before you press enter on the write-in keypad press the 

arrow key to the left until the error is cleared and then 

retype the name.

Optional write-in

To record your vote press the Cast Vote Button

Do not press the cast vote button until you are sure you 

are finished voting.

Finishing the ballot

President and

Vice-President 

of the United States

Vote for 1 pair

Joseph Barchi 

and 

Joseph Hallaren

Blue 

Adam Cramer 

and 

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow 

Daniel Court 

and 

Amy Blumhardt

Purple 

Alvin Boone 

and 

James Lian

Orange 

Austin HildebrandMcDougall 

and 

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson 

and 

Clay Lariviere

Gold 

Elizabeth Harp 

and 

Antoine Jefferson

Gray 

Charles Layne 

and 

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua 

Marzena Pazgier 

and 

Welton Phelps

Brown 

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Vote for 1

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Vote for 1

Charlene Franz 

and

Chris Norberg

Blue 

Gerard Harris 

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow 

Linda Bargmann 

and

Luis Garcia

Purple 

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and

George Hovis

Pink 

Frederick Sharp 

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray 

or write-in:

State Attorney General

Vote for 1

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

or write-in:

State Treasurer

Vote for 1

Richard Sorenson

Blue

David Price

Yellow

or write-in:

State Senator: 

31st District

Vote for 1

Edward Shiplett

Blue

Marty Talarico

Yellow

or write-in:

State Assemblyman: 

31st District

Vote for 1

Andrea Solis

Blue

Amos Keller

Yellow

or write-in:

County Commissioners

 Vote for up to 3

Camille Argent

Blue

Chloe Witherspoon

Blue

Amanda Marracini

Yellow

Charlene Hennessey

Yellow

Eric Savoy

Yellow

Sheila Moskowitz

Purple

Mary Tawa

Orange

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

State Court of Appeals Judge: 

4th Seat

Vote for 1

Michael Marchesani

or write-in:

Water Commissioner:

City of Springfield

Vote for 1

Orville White

Blue

Gregory Seldon

Yellow

or write-in:

Chief of Police:

City of Springfield

Vote for 1

Tracy Wittgenstein

Blue

Hugh Stup

Yellow

Reid Fiester

Purple

or write-in:

Harvey Eagle

Blue

Randall Rupp

Blue

Carroll Shry

Yellow

Beverly Barker

Yellow

Donald Davis

Yellow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

City Councilperson:

City of Springfield

 Vote for up to 3

Board of Education Member:

City of Springfield

 Vote for up to 5

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

 Vote yes or no

Judge Retention 

Questions

Retain Robert Demergue 

as Chief Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Retain Elmer Hull 

as Associate Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

Retain Susan Esquer 

as Associate Justice of the 

State Court of Appeals, 

5th Appellate District, Division 2?

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

Retain Rita Zheng 

as Associate Justice of 

State Family Court, 3rd District?

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

Proposed Constitutional Amendment C:

Increased Tobacco Taxes

Shall state taxes be increased $175 million annually through 

additional tobacco taxes imposed for health related purposes, and, 

in connection therewith, amending the State constitution to increase 

statewide taxes on the sale of cigarettes by wholesalers of three and 

two-tenths cents per cigarette and on the sale, use, consumption, 

handling, or distribution of other tobacco products by distributors at 

the rate of twenty percent of the manufacturer’s list price; increasing 

such tobacco taxes effective January 1, 2005; requiring annual 

appropriations of specified percentages of the additional tobacco 

tax revenues to expand eligibility for and increase enrollment in the 

children’s basic health plan, to fund comprehensive primary medical 

care through certain State qualified providers, tobacco education 

programs, and prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer 

and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, to compensate the state 

general fund, the old age pension fund, and local governments for 

tobacco tax losses resulting from reduced sales of cigarettes and 

tobacco products; specifying that the appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues shall be in addition to and not substituted for 

appropriations for such programs on January 1, 2005; allowing the use 

of additional tobacco tax revenues for any health related purpose and 

to serve populations enrolled in the children’s basic health plan and 

the state medical assistance program as of January 1, 2005, upon a 

declaration of a state fiscal emergency by two-thirds of the members 

of each house of the general assembly and the governor; prohibiting 

the repeal or reduction of existing taxes imposed on cigarettes and 

other tobacco products; excluding all additional tobacco tax revenues 

from fiscal year spending for purposes of section 20 of Article X of 

the State constitution; and exempting appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues from the statutory limitation on general fund 

appropriations growth or any other existing spending limitation?

Accept

Reject

Proposed Constitutional Amendment D:

Recovery of Damages Relating to Construction

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution concerning 

recovery of damages relating to construction of real property 

improvements, and, in connection therewith, prohibiting laws that 

limit or impair a property owner’s right to recover damages caused 

by a failure to construct an improvement in a good and workmanlike 

manner; defining “good and workmanlike manner” to include 

construction that is suitable for its intended purposes; and permitting 

exceptions for laws that limit punitive damages, afford governmental 

immunity, or impose time limits of specified minimum lengths on 

filing lawsuits?

Accept

Reject

Proposed Constitutional Amendment H: 

Limit of Damages for Health Care Providers

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution allowing the 

State legislature to enact laws limiting the amount of damages for 

noneconomic loss that could be awarded for injury or death caused by 

a health care provider?

“Noneconomic loss” generally includes, but is not limited to, losses 

such as pain and suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of 

capacity for enjoyment of life, loss of consortium, and other losses 

the claimant is entitled to recover as damages under general law. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of damages for 

ecomonic loss under State law. “Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the economic value of domestic 

services, loss of employment or business opportunities. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of any additional 

damages known under State law as exemplary or punitive damages, 

which are damages allowed by law to punish a defendant and to deter 

persons from engaging in similar conduct in the future.

Accept

Reject

Proposed Constitutional Amendment K: 

Slot Machines in Madison/Fromwit Counties

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution authorizing 

Madison and Fromwit Counties to hold referenda on whether to 

authorize slot machines in existing, licensed parimutuel facilities 

(thoroughbred and harness racing, greyhound racing, and jai alai) that 

have conducted live racing or games in that county during each of the 

last two calendar years before effective date of this amendment?

The Legislature may tax slot machine revenues, and any such taxes 

must supplement public education funding statewide. Requires 

implementing legislation. This amendment alone has no fiscal impact 

on government. If slot machines are authorized in Madison or Fromwit 

counties, governmental costs associated with additional gambling will 

increase by an unknown amount and local sales tax-related revenues 

will be reduced by $5 milliion to $8 million annually. If the Legislature 

also chooses to tax slot machine revenues, state tax revenues from 

Madison and Fromwit counties combined would range from $200 

million to $500 million annually.

Accept

Reject

Ballot Measure 101: Open Primaries

Requires primary elections where voters may vote for any state or 

federal candidate regardless of party registration of voter or candidate. 

The two primary-election candidates receiving most votes for an 

office, whether they are candidates with no party or members of 

same or different party, would be listed on general election ballot. 

Exempts presidential nominations. Fiscal Impact: No significant net 

fiscal effect on state and local governments.

Accept

Reject

Ballot Measure 106: 

Limits on Private Enforcement of Unfair Business Competition Laws

Allows individual or class action “unfair business” lawsuits only if 

actual loss suffered; only government officials may enforce these 

laws on public’s behalf. Fiscal Impact: Unknown state fiscal impact 

depending on whether the measure increases or decreases court 

workload and the extent to which diverted funds are replaced. 

Unknown potential costs to local governments, depending on the 

extent to which diverted funds are replaced.”

Accept

Reject

Ballot Measure 111: 

Revenue Bonds for Renovation of Madison County Jail Facilities

Directs the Madison County Public Safety Authority, a building 

authority incorporated by Madison County and the City of Ijamsville 

pursuant to Section 346.27 of the State Code, for the purpose of 

acquiring, destroying, demolishing, improving, enlarging, equipping, 

furnishing, repairing, maintaining and operating one or more public 

buildings for the joint use of the County, the City or any school district 

which is part of the County, to issue its revenue bonds in an amount 

not exceeding $29,700,000 for the purpose of acquiring, constructing, 

furnishing, equipping, renovating and expanding existing jail facilities 

for the joint use of the County and the City.

Accept

Reject

Shall regional transportation district taxes be increased $158.34 million 

annually and by whatever additional amounts are raised annually 

thereafter by increasing the rate of sales tax levied by the district by 

four-tenths of one percent, from the current six-tenths of one percent 

to one percent commencing January 1, 2005 and, in connection 

therewith, shall regional transportation district debt be increased 

$3.477 billion, with a repayment cost of $7.129 billion with all proceeds 

of debt and taxes to be used and spent for the construction and 

operation of a fixed guide way mass transit system, the construction 

of additional park-n-ride lots, the expansion and improvement of 

existing park-n-ride lots, and increased bus service, including the use 

of smaller buses and vans and alternative fuel vehicles as appropriate, 

as specified in the transit expansion plan adopted by the board of 

directors of the district on or before April 22, 2004 and shall debt be 

evidenced by bonds, notes, or other multiple-fiscal year obligations 

including refunding bonds that may be issued as a lower or higher 

rate of interest and including debt that may have a redemption prior 

to maturity with or without payment of a premium, payable from all 

revenues generated by said tax increase, federal funds, investment 

income, public and private contributions, and other revenues as the 

board may determine, and with such revenues raised by the sales tax 

rate increase and the proceeds of debt obligations and any investment 

income on such revenues and proceeds being exempt from the 

revenue and spending restrictions contained in section 20 of Article 

X of the State constitution until such time as all debt is repaid when 

the rate of tax will be decreased to that amount necessary for the 

continued operation of the system but not less than six-tenths of one 

percent?”

Accept

Reject

Thank you for voting! 

Press the Cast Vote Button to finish your ballot.

Ballot Measure 114: Financing for Mass Transit

Cast Vote Button

Do not press the cast vote button until you are 

sure you are finished voting.

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Instructions

Press the button to the left of the candidate of your choice; a green 

X will appear signifying your selection.

To change any selection, press the button again. The Green arrow 

will disappear and you may make another selection.

Making selections

Press the button to left of “someone else” for 

the office you want to cast your write-in vote for. A blinking X will 

appear. On the keyboard, type in the first name of the candidate for 

whom you wish to vote, use the arrow key for the space, and then 

type in the last name. Press enter which is located on the pad. 

If an error on the write-in is made:

Before you press enter on the write-in keypad press the 

arrow key to the left until the error is cleared and then 

retype the name.

Optional write-in

To record your vote press the Cast Vote Button

Do not press the cast vote button until you are sure you 

are finished voting.

Finishing the ballot

President and

Vice-President 

of the United States

Vote for 1 pair

Joseph Barchi 

and 

Joseph Hallaren

Blue 

Adam Cramer 

and 

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow 

Daniel Court 

and 

Amy Blumhardt

Purple 

Alvin Boone 

and 

James Lian

Orange 

Austin HildebrandMcDougall 

and 

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson 

and 

Clay Lariviere

Gold 

Elizabeth Harp 

and 

Antoine Jefferson

Gray 

Charles Layne 

and 

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua 

Marzena Pazgier 

and 

Welton Phelps

Brown 

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Vote for 1

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Vote for 1

Charlene Franz 

and

Chris Norberg

Blue 

Gerard Harris 

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow 

Linda Bargmann 

and

Luis Garcia

Purple 

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and

George Hovis

Pink 

Frederick Sharp 

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray 

or write-in:

State Attorney General

Vote for 1

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

or write-in:

State Treasurer

Vote for 1

Richard Sorenson

Blue

David Price

Yellow

or write-in:

State Senator: 

31st District

Vote for 1

Edward Shiplett

Blue

Marty Talarico

Yellow

or write-in:

State Assemblyman: 

31st District

Vote for 1

Andrea Solis

Blue

Amos Keller

Yellow

or write-in:

County Commissioners

 Vote for up to 3

Camille Argent

Blue

Chloe Witherspoon

Blue

Amanda Marracini

Yellow

Charlene Hennessey

Yellow

Eric Savoy

Yellow

Sheila Moskowitz

Purple

Mary Tawa

Orange

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

State Court of Appeals Judge: 

4th Seat

Vote for 1

Michael Marchesani

or write-in:

Water Commissioner:

City of Springfield

Vote for 1

Orville White

Blue

Gregory Seldon

Yellow

or write-in:

Chief of Police:

City of Springfield

Vote for 1

Tracy Wittgenstein

Blue

Hugh Stup

Yellow

Reid Fiester

Purple

or write-in:

Harvey Eagle

Blue

Randall Rupp

Blue

Carroll Shry

Yellow

Beverly Barker

Yellow

Donald Davis

Yellow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

City Councilperson:

City of Springfield

 Vote for up to 3

Board of Education Member:

City of Springfield

 Vote for up to 5

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

Judge Retention 

Questions

Retain Robert Demergue 

as Chief Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Retain Elmer Hull 

as Associate Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

Retain Susan Esquer 

as Associate Justice of the 

State Court of Appeals, 

5th Appellate District, Division 2?

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

Retain Rita Zheng 

as Associate Justice of 

State Family Court, 3rd District?

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

Proposed Constitutional Amendment C:

Increased Tobacco Taxes

Shall state taxes be increased $175 million annually through 

additional tobacco taxes imposed for health related purposes, and, 

in connection therewith, amending the State constitution to increase 

statewide taxes on the sale of cigarettes by wholesalers of three and 

two-tenths cents per cigarette and on the sale, use, consumption, 

handling, or distribution of other tobacco products by distributors at 

the rate of twenty percent of the manufacturer’s list price; increasing 

such tobacco taxes effective January 1, 2005; requiring annual 

appropriations of specified percentages of the additional tobacco 

tax revenues to expand eligibility for and increase enrollment in the 

children’s basic health plan, to fund comprehensive primary medical 

care through certain State qualified providers, tobacco education 

programs, and prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer 

and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, to compensate the state 

general fund, the old age pension fund, and local governments for 

tobacco tax losses resulting from reduced sales of cigarettes and 

tobacco products; specifying that the appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues shall be in addition to and not substituted for 

appropriations for such programs on January 1, 2005; allowing the use 

of additional tobacco tax revenues for any health related purpose and 

to serve populations enrolled in the children’s basic health plan and 

the state medical assistance program as of January 1, 2005, upon a 

declaration of a state fiscal emergency by two-thirds of the members 

of each house of the general assembly and the governor; prohibiting 

the repeal or reduction of existing taxes imposed on cigarettes and 

other tobacco products; excluding all additional tobacco tax revenues 

from fiscal year spending for purposes of section 20 of Article X of 

the State constitution; and exempting appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues from the statutory limitation on general fund 

appropriations growth or any other existing spending limitation?

Accept

Reject

Proposed Constitutional Amendment D:

Recovery of Damages Relating to Construction

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution concerning 

recovery of damages relating to construction of real property 

improvements, and, in connection therewith, prohibiting laws that 

limit or impair a property owner’s right to recover damages caused 

by a failure to construct an improvement in a good and workmanlike 

manner; defining “good and workmanlike manner” to include 

construction that is suitable for its intended purposes; and permitting 

exceptions for laws that limit punitive damages, afford governmental 

immunity, or impose time limits of specified minimum lengths on 

filing lawsuits?

Accept

Reject

Proposed Constitutional Amendment H: 

Limit of Damages for Health Care Providers

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution allowing the 

State legislature to enact laws limiting the amount of damages for 

noneconomic loss that could be awarded for injury or death caused by 

a health care provider?

“Noneconomic loss” generally includes, but is not limited to, losses 

such as pain and suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of 

capacity for enjoyment of life, loss of consortium, and other losses 

the claimant is entitled to recover as damages under general law. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of damages for 

ecomonic loss under State law. “Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the economic value of domestic 

services, loss of employment or business opportunities. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of any additional 

damages known under State law as exemplary or punitive damages, 

which are damages allowed by law to punish a defendant and to deter 

persons from engaging in similar conduct in the future.

Accept

Reject

Proposed Constitutional Amendment K: 

Slot Machines in Madison/Fromwit Counties

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution authorizing 

Madison and Fromwit Counties to hold referenda on whether to 

authorize slot machines in existing, licensed parimutuel facilities 

(thoroughbred and harness racing, greyhound racing, and jai alai) that 

have conducted live racing or games in that county during each of the 

last two calendar years before effective date of this amendment?

The Legislature may tax slot machine revenues, and any such taxes 

must supplement public education funding statewide. Requires 

implementing legislation. This amendment alone has no fiscal impact 

on government. If slot machines are authorized in Madison or Fromwit 

counties, governmental costs associated with additional gambling will 

increase by an unknown amount and local sales tax-related revenues 

will be reduced by $5 milliion to $8 million annually. If the Legislature 

also chooses to tax slot machine revenues, state tax revenues from 

Madison and Fromwit counties combined would range from $200 

million to $500 million annually.

Accept

Reject

Ballot Measure 101: Open Primaries

Requires primary elections where voters may vote for any state or 

federal candidate regardless of party registration of voter or candidate. 

The two primary-election candidates receiving most votes for an 

office, whether they are candidates with no party or members of 

same or different party, would be listed on general election ballot. 

Exempts presidential nominations. Fiscal Impact: No significant net 

fiscal effect on state and local governments.

Accept

Reject

Ballot Measure 106: 

Limits on Private Enforcement of Unfair Business Competition Laws

Allows individual or class action “unfair business” lawsuits only if 

actual loss suffered; only government officials may enforce these 

laws on public’s behalf. Fiscal Impact: Unknown state fiscal impact 

depending on whether the measure increases or decreases court 

workload and the extent to which diverted funds are replaced. 

Unknown potential costs to local governments, depending on the 

extent to which diverted funds are replaced.”

Accept

Reject

Ballot Measure 111: 

Revenue Bonds for Renovation of Madison County Jail Facilities

Directs the Madison County Public Safety Authority, a building 

authority incorporated by Madison County and the City of Ijamsville 

pursuant to Section 346.27 of the State Code, for the purpose of 

acquiring, destroying, demolishing, improving, enlarging, equipping, 

furnishing, repairing, maintaining and operating one or more public 

buildings for the joint use of the County, the City or any school district 

which is part of the County, to issue its revenue bonds in an amount 

not exceeding $29,700,000 for the purpose of acquiring, constructing, 

furnishing, equipping, renovating and expanding existing jail facilities 

for the joint use of the County and the City.

Accept

Reject

Shall regional transportation district taxes be increased $158.34 million 

annually and by whatever additional amounts are raised annually 

thereafter by increasing the rate of sales tax levied by the district by 

four-tenths of one percent, from the current six-tenths of one percent 

to one percent commencing January 1, 2005 and, in connection 

therewith, shall regional transportation district debt be increased 

$3.477 billion, with a repayment cost of $7.129 billion with all proceeds 

of debt and taxes to be used and spent for the construction and 

operation of a fixed guide way mass transit system, the construction 

of additional park-n-ride lots, the expansion and improvement of 

existing park-n-ride lots, and increased bus service, including the use 

of smaller buses and vans and alternative fuel vehicles as appropriate, 

as specified in the transit expansion plan adopted by the board of 

directors of the district on or before April 22, 2004 and shall debt be 

evidenced by bonds, notes, or other multiple-fiscal year obligations 

including refunding bonds that may be issued as a lower or higher 

rate of interest and including debt that may have a redemption prior 

to maturity with or without payment of a premium, payable from all 

revenues generated by said tax increase, federal funds, investment 

income, public and private contributions, and other revenues as the 

board may determine, and with such revenues raised by the sales tax 

rate increase and the proceeds of debt obligations and any investment 

income on such revenues and proceeds being exempt from the 

revenue and spending restrictions contained in section 20 of Article 

X of the State constitution until such time as all debt is repaid when 

the rate of tax will be decreased to that amount necessary for the 

continued operation of the system but not less than six-tenths of one 

percent?”

Accept

Reject

Thank you for voting! 

Press the Cast Vote Button to finish your ballot.

Ballot Measure 114: Financing for Mass Transit

Cast Vote Button

Do not press the cast vote button until you are 

sure you are finished voting.

Vote to accept or reject

Vote to accept or reject

Vote to accept or reject

Vote to accept or reject

Vote yes or no

Official Ballot for General Election

Springfield County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Instructions

Press the button to the left of the candidate of your choice; a green 

X will appear signifying your selection.

To change any selection, press the button again. The Green arrow 

will disappear and you may make another selection.

Making selections

Press the button to left of “someone else” for 

the office you want to cast your write-in vote for. A blinking X will 

appear. On the keyboard, type in the first name of the candidate for 

whom you wish to vote, use the arrow key for the space, and then 

type in the last name. Press enter which is located on the pad. 

If an error on the write-in is made:

Before you press enter on the write-in keypad press the 

arrow key to the left until the error is cleared and then 

retype the name.

Optional write-in

To record your vote press the Cast Vote Button

Do not press the cast vote button until you are sure you 

are finished voting.

Finishing the ballot

President and

Vice-President 

of the United States

Vote for 1 pair

Joseph Barchi 

and 

Joseph Hallaren

Blue 

Adam Cramer 

and 

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow 

Daniel Court 

and 

Amy Blumhardt

Purple 

Alvin Boone 

and 

James Lian

Orange 

Austin HildebrandMcDougall 

and 

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson 

and 

Clay Lariviere

Gold 

Elizabeth Harp 

and 

Antoine Jefferson

Gray 

Charles Layne 

and 

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua 

Marzena Pazgier 

and 

Welton Phelps

Brown 

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Vote for 1

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

State Governor and 

Lieutenant-Governor

Vote for 1

Charlene Franz 

and

Chris Norberg

Blue 

Gerard Harris 

and

Anthony Parks

Yellow 

Linda Bargmann 

and

Luis Garcia

Purple 

Carrie Steel-Loy 

and

George Hovis

Pink 

Frederick Sharp 

and

Burt Zirkle

Gray 

or write-in:

State Attorney General

Vote for 1

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

or write-in:

State Treasurer

Vote for 1

Richard Sorenson

Blue

David Price

Yellow

or write-in:

State Senator: 

31st District

Vote for 1

Edward Shiplett

Blue

Marty Talarico

Yellow

or write-in:

State Assemblyman: 

31st District

Vote for 1

Andrea Solis

Blue

Amos Keller

Yellow

or write-in:

County Commissioners

 Vote for up to 3

Camille Argent

Blue

Chloe Witherspoon

Blue

Amanda Marracini

Yellow

Charlene Hennessey

Yellow

Eric Savoy

Yellow

Sheila Moskowitz

Purple

Mary Tawa

Orange

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

State Court of Appeals Judge: 

4th Seat

Vote for 1

Michael Marchesani

or write-in:

Water Commissioner:

City of Springfield

Vote for 1

Orville White

Blue

Gregory Seldon

Yellow

or write-in:

Chief of Police:

City of Springfield

Vote for 1

Tracy Wittgenstein

Blue

Hugh Stup

Yellow

Reid Fiester

Purple

or write-in:

Harvey Eagle

Blue

Randall Rupp

Blue

Carroll Shry

Yellow

Beverly Barker

Yellow

Donald Davis

Yellow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

City Councilperson:

City of Springfield

 Vote for up to 3

Board of Education Member:

City of Springfield

 Vote for up to 5

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention 

Questions

Retain Robert Demergue 

as Chief Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Retain Elmer Hull 

as Associate Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

Retain Susan Esquer 

as Associate Justice of the 

State Court of Appeals, 

5th Appellate District, Division 2?

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

Retain Rita Zheng 

as Associate Justice of 

State Family Court, 3rd District?

Yes (Keep Judge)

No (Remove Judge)

Proposed Constitutional Amendment C:

Increased Tobacco Taxes

Shall state taxes be increased $175 million annually through 

additional tobacco taxes imposed for health related purposes, and, 

in connection therewith, amending the State constitution to increase 

statewide taxes on the sale of cigarettes by wholesalers of three and 

two-tenths cents per cigarette and on the sale, use, consumption, 

handling, or distribution of other tobacco products by distributors at 

the rate of twenty percent of the manufacturer’s list price; increasing 

such tobacco taxes effective January 1, 2005; requiring annual 

appropriations of specified percentages of the additional tobacco 

tax revenues to expand eligibility for and increase enrollment in the 

children’s basic health plan, to fund comprehensive primary medical 

care through certain State qualified providers, tobacco education 

programs, and prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer 

and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, to compensate the state 

general fund, the old age pension fund, and local governments for 

tobacco tax losses resulting from reduced sales of cigarettes and 

tobacco products; specifying that the appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues shall be in addition to and not substituted for 

appropriations for such programs on January 1, 2005; allowing the use 

of additional tobacco tax revenues for any health related purpose and 

to serve populations enrolled in the children’s basic health plan and 

the state medical assistance program as of January 1, 2005, upon a 

declaration of a state fiscal emergency by two-thirds of the members 

of each house of the general assembly and the governor; prohibiting 

the repeal or reduction of existing taxes imposed on cigarettes and 

other tobacco products; excluding all additional tobacco tax revenues 

from fiscal year spending for purposes of section 20 of Article X of 

the State constitution; and exempting appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues from the statutory limitation on general fund 

appropriations growth or any other existing spending limitation?

Accept

Reject

Proposed Constitutional Amendment D:

Recovery of Damages Relating to Construction

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution concerning 

recovery of damages relating to construction of real property 

improvements, and, in connection therewith, prohibiting laws that 

limit or impair a property owner’s right to recover damages caused 

by a failure to construct an improvement in a good and workmanlike 

manner; defining “good and workmanlike manner” to include 

construction that is suitable for its intended purposes; and permitting 

exceptions for laws that limit punitive damages, afford governmental 

immunity, or impose time limits of specified minimum lengths on 

filing lawsuits?

Accept

Reject

Proposed Constitutional Amendment H: 

Limit of Damages for Health Care Providers

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution allowing the 

State legislature to enact laws limiting the amount of damages for 

noneconomic loss that could be awarded for injury or death caused by 

a health care provider?

“Noneconomic loss” generally includes, but is not limited to, losses 

such as pain and suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of 

capacity for enjoyment of life, loss of consortium, and other losses 

the claimant is entitled to recover as damages under general law. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of damages for 

ecomonic loss under State law. “Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the economic value of domestic 

services, loss of employment or business opportunities. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of any additional 

damages known under State law as exemplary or punitive damages, 

which are damages allowed by law to punish a defendant and to deter 

persons from engaging in similar conduct in the future.

Accept

Reject

Proposed Constitutional Amendment K: 

Slot Machines in Madison/Fromwit Counties

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution authorizing 

Madison and Fromwit Counties to hold referenda on whether to 

authorize slot machines in existing, licensed parimutuel facilities 

(thoroughbred and harness racing, greyhound racing, and jai alai) that 

have conducted live racing or games in that county during each of the 

last two calendar years before effective date of this amendment?

The Legislature may tax slot machine revenues, and any such taxes 

must supplement public education funding statewide. Requires 

implementing legislation. This amendment alone has no fiscal impact 

on government. If slot machines are authorized in Madison or Fromwit 

counties, governmental costs associated with additional gambling will 

increase by an unknown amount and local sales tax-related revenues 

will be reduced by $5 milliion to $8 million annually. If the Legislature 

also chooses to tax slot machine revenues, state tax revenues from 

Madison and Fromwit counties combined would range from $200 

million to $500 million annually.

Accept

Reject

Ballot Measure 101: Open Primaries

Requires primary elections where voters may vote for any state or 

federal candidate regardless of party registration of voter or candidate. 

The two primary-election candidates receiving most votes for an 

office, whether they are candidates with no party or members of 

same or different party, would be listed on general election ballot. 

Exempts presidential nominations. Fiscal Impact: No significant net 

fiscal effect on state and local governments.

Accept

Reject

Ballot Measure 106: 

Limits on Private Enforcement of Unfair Business Competition Laws

Allows individual or class action “unfair business” lawsuits only if 

actual loss suffered; only government officials may enforce these 

laws on public’s behalf. Fiscal Impact: Unknown state fiscal impact 

depending on whether the measure increases or decreases court 

workload and the extent to which diverted funds are replaced. 

Unknown potential costs to local governments, depending on the 

extent to which diverted funds are replaced.”

Accept

Reject

Ballot Measure 111: 

Revenue Bonds for Renovation of Madison County Jail Facilities

Directs the Madison County Public Safety Authority, a building 

authority incorporated by Madison County and the City of Ijamsville 

pursuant to Section 346.27 of the State Code, for the purpose of 

acquiring, destroying, demolishing, improving, enlarging, equipping, 

furnishing, repairing, maintaining and operating one or more public 

buildings for the joint use of the County, the City or any school district 

which is part of the County, to issue its revenue bonds in an amount 

not exceeding $29,700,000 for the purpose of acquiring, constructing, 

furnishing, equipping, renovating and expanding existing jail facilities 

for the joint use of the County and the City.

Accept

Reject

Shall regional transportation district taxes be increased $158.34 million 

annually and by whatever additional amounts are raised annually 

thereafter by increasing the rate of sales tax levied by the district by 

four-tenths of one percent, from the current six-tenths of one percent 

to one percent commencing January 1, 2005 and, in connection 

therewith, shall regional transportation district debt be increased 

$3.477 billion, with a repayment cost of $7.129 billion with all proceeds 

of debt and taxes to be used and spent for the construction and 

operation of a fixed guide way mass transit system, the construction 

of additional park-n-ride lots, the expansion and improvement of 

existing park-n-ride lots, and increased bus service, including the use of 

smaller buses and vans and alternative fuel vehicles as appropriate, as 

specified in the transit expansion plan adopted by the board of directors 

of the district on or before April 22, 2004 and shall debt be evidenced 

by bonds, notes, or other multiple-fiscal year obligations including 

refunding bonds that may be issued as a lower or higher rate of interest 

and including debt that may have a redemption prior to maturity with or 

without payment of a premium, payable from all revenues generated 

by said tax increase, federal funds, investment income, public and 

private contributions, and other revenues as the board may determine, 

and with such revenues raised by the sales tax rate increase and the 

proceeds of debt obligations and any investment income on such 

revenues and proceeds being exempt from the revenue and spending 

restrictions contained in section 20 of Article X of the State constitution 

until such time as all debt is repaid when the rate of tax will be 

decreased to that amount necessary for the continued operation of the 

system but not less than six-tenths of one percent?”

Accept

Reject

Thank you for voting! 

Press the Cast Vote Button to finish your ballot.

Cast Vote Button

Do not press the cast vote button until you are 

sure you are finished voting.

Ballot Measure 114: Financing for Mass Transit

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

Vote to accept or reject Vote to accept or reject Vote to accept or reject

Vote to accept or reject

Offi cial Ballot for General Election

Springfi eld County, Nebraska

Tuesday, November 07, 2006 

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

President and

Vice-President 

of the United States

Vote for 1 pair

Joseph Barchi

and

Joseph Hallaren

Blue

Adam Cramer

and

Greg Vuocolo

Yellow

Daniel Court

and

Amy Blumhardt

Purple

Alvin Boone

and

James Lian

Orange

Austin Hildebrand

and

James Garritty

Pink

Martin Patterson

and

Clay Lariviere

Gold

Elizabeth Harp

and

Antoine Jefferson

Gray

Charles Layne

and

Andrew Kowalski

Aqua

Marzena Pazgier

and

Welton Phelps

Brown

or write-in:

U.S. Senator

Vote for 1

Dennis Weiford

Blue

Lloyd Garriss

Yellow

Sylvia Wentworth

Purple

John Hewetson

Orange

Victor Martinez

Pink

Heather Portier

Gold

or write-in:

U.S. Representative

Vote for 1

Brad Plunkard

Blue

Bruce Reeder

Yellow

Brad Schott

Purple

Glen Tawney

Orange

Carroll Forrest

Pink

or write-in:

State Attorney General

Vote for 1

Christian Poole

Blue

Benjamin Isaacs

Yellow

Annette Royster

Purple

or write-in:

State Treasurer

Vote for 1

Richard Sorenson

Blue

David Price

Yellow

or write-in:

State Senator:

31st District

Vote for 1

Edward Shiplett

Blue

Marty Talarico

Yellow

or write-in:

State Assemblyman:

31st District

Vote for 1

Andrea Solis

Blue

Amos Keller

Yellow

or write-in:

County Commissioners

Camille Argent

Blue

Chloe Witherspoon

Blue

Amanda Marracini

Yellow

Charlene Hennessey

Yellow

Eric Savoy

Yellow

Sheila Moskowitz

Purple

Mary Tawa

Orange

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

State Court of Appeals Judge: 

4th Seat

Vote for 1

Michael Marchesani

or write-in:

Water Commissioner:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for 1

Orville White

Blue

Gregory Seldon

Yellow

or write-in:

Chief of Police:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for 1

Tracy Wittgenstein

Blue

Hugh Stup

Yellow

Reid Fiester

Purple

or write-in:

Harvey Eagle

Blue

Randall Rupp

Blue

Carroll Shry

Yellow

Beverly Barker

Yellow

Donald Davis

Yellow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

City Councilperson:

City of Springfi eld

Vote for up to 3

Board of Education Member:

City of Springfi eld

Alex Marr

Albert Musgrove

Thomas Fleming

Harriett Watson

Theodore Fina

Steven Williams

Peter Sigelakis

Deborah Barkelow

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

or write-in:

Yes

No

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Keep Robert Demergue

as Chief Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Keep Elmer Hull 

as Associate Justice of the 

State Supreme Court?

Yes

No

Keep Susan Esquer

as Associate Justice of the 

State Court of Appeals, 

5th Appellate District, Division 

2?

Yes

No

Keep Rita Zheng

as Associate Justice of 

State Family Court, 3rd District?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment C:

Increased Tobacco Taxes

Shall state taxes be increased $175 million annually through 

additional tobacco taxes imposed for health related purposes, and, 

in connection therewith, amending the State constitution to increase 

statewide taxes on the sale of cigarettes by wholesalers of three and 

two-tenths cents per cigarette and on the sale, use, consumption, 

handling, or distribution of other tobacco products by distributors at 

the rate of twenty percent of the manufacturer’s list price; increasing 

such tobacco taxes effective January 1, 2005; requiring annual 

appropriations of specifi ed percentages of the additional tobacco 

tax revenues to expand eligibility for and increase enrollment in the 

children’s basic health plan, to fund comprehensive primary medical 

care through certain State qualifi ed providers, tobacco education 

programs, and prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer 

and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, to compensate the state 

general fund, the old age pension fund, and local governments for 

tobacco tax losses resulting from reduced sales of cigarettes and 

tobacco products; specifying that the appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues shall be in addition to and not substituted for 

appropriations for such programs on January 1, 2005; allowing the use 

of additional tobacco tax revenues for any health related purpose and 

to serve populations enrolled in the children’s basic health plan and 

the state medical assistance program as of January 1, 2005, upon a 

declaration of a state fi scal emergency by two-thirds of the members 

of each house of the general assembly and the governor; prohibiting 

the repeal or reduction of existing taxes imposed on cigarettes and 

other tobacco products; excluding all additional tobacco tax revenues 

from fi scal year spending for purposes of section 20 of Article X of 

the State constitution; and exempting appropriations of additional 

tobacco tax revenues from the statutory limitation on general fund 

appropriations growth or any other existing spending limitation?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment D:

Recovery of Damages Relating to Construction

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution concerning 

recovery of damages relating to construction of real property 

improvements, and, in connection therewith, prohibiting laws that 

limit or impair a property owner’s right to recover damages caused 

by a failure to construct an improvement in a good and workmanlike 

manner; defi ning “good and workmanlike manner” to include 

construction that is suitable for its intended purposes; and permitting 

exceptions for laws that limit punitive damages, afford governmental 

immunity, or impose time limits of specifi ed minimum lengths on fi ling 

lawsuits?

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment H: 

Limit of Damages for Health Care Providers

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution allowing the 

State legislature to enact laws limiting the amount of damages for 

noneconomic loss that could be awarded for injury or death caused by 

a health care provider?

“Noneconomic loss” generally includes, but is not limited to, losses 

such as pain and suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of 

capacity for enjoyment of life, loss of consortium, and other losses 

the claimant is entitled to recover as damages under general law. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of damages for 

ecomonic loss under State law. “Economic loss” generally includes, 

but is not limited to, monetary losses such as past and future medical 

expenses, loss of past and future earnings, loss of use of property, 

costs of repair or replacement, the economic value of domestic 

services, loss of employment or business opportunities. This 

amendment will not in any way affect the recovery of any additional 

damages known under State law as exemplary or punitive damages, 

which are damages allowed by law to punish a defendant and to deter 

persons from engaging in similar conduct in the future.

Yes

No

Proposed Constitutional Amendment K: 

Slot Machines in Madison/Fromwit Counties

Shall there be an amendment to the State constitution authorizing 

Madison and Fromwit Counties to hold referenda on whether to 

authorize slot machines in existing, licensed parimutuel facilities 

(thoroughbred and harness racing, greyhound racing, and jai alai) that 

have conducted live racing or games in that county during each of the 

last two calendar years before effective date of this amendment?

The Legislature may tax slot machine revenues, and any such taxes 

must supplement public education funding statewide. Requires 

implementing legislation. This amendment alone has no fi scal impact 

on government. If slot machines are authorized in Madison or Fromwit 

counties, governmental costs associated with additional gambling will 

increase by an unknown amount and local sales tax-related revenues 

will be reduced by $5 milliion to $8 million annually. If the Legislature 

also chooses to tax slot machine revenues, state tax revenues from 

Madison and Fromwit counties combined would range from $200 

million to $500 million annually.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 101: Open Primaries

Requires primary elections where voters may vote for any state or 

federal candidate regardless of party registration of voter or candidate. 

The two primary-election candidates receiving most votes for an 

offi ce, whether they are candidates with no party or members of same 

or different party, would be listed on general election ballot. Exempts 

presidential nominations. Fiscal Impact: No signifi cant net fi scal effect 

on state and local governments.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 106: Limits on Private Enforcement of Unfair 

Business Competition Laws

Allows individual or class action “unfair business” lawsuits only if actual 

loss suffered; only government offi cials may enforce these laws on 

public’s behalf. Fiscal Impact: Unknown state fi scal impact depending 

on whether the measure increases or decreases court workload and 

the extent to which diverted funds are replaced. Unknown potential 

costs to local governments, depending on the extent to which diverted 

funds are replaced.

Yes

No

Ballot Measure 111: 

Revenue Bonds for Renovation of Madison County Jail Facilities

Directs the Madison County Public Safety Authority, a building 

authority incorporated by Madison County and the City of Ijamsville 

pursuant to Section 346.27 of the State Code, for the purpose of 

acquiring, destroying, demolishing, improving, enlarging, equipping, 

furnishing, repairing, maintaining and operating one or more public 

buildings for the joint use of the County, the City or any school district 

which is part of the County, to issue its revenue bonds in an amount 

not exceeding $29,700,000 for the purpose of acquiring, constructing, 

furnishing, equipping, renovating and expanding existing jail facilities for 

the joint use of the County and the City.

Yes

No

Shall regional transportation district taxes be increased $158.34 million 

annually and by whatever additional amounts are raised annually 

thereafter by increasing the rate of sales tax levied by the district by 

four-tenths of one percent, from the current six-tenths of one percent 

to one percent commencing January 1, 2005 and, in connection 

therewith, shall regional transportation district debt be increased 

$3.477 billion, with a repayment cost of $7.129 billion with all proceeds 

of debt and taxes to be used and spent for the construction and 

operation of a fi xed guide way mass transit system, the construction 

of additional park-n-ride lots, the expansion and improvement of 

existing park-n-ride lots, and increased bus service, including the use of 

smaller buses and vans and alternative fuel vehicles as appropriate, as 

specifi ed in the transit expansion plan adopted by the board of directors 

of the district on or before April 22, 2004 and shall debt be evidenced 

by bonds, notes, or other multiple-fi scal year obligations including 

refunding bonds that may be issued as a lower or higher rate of interest 

and including debt that may have a redemption prior to maturity with or 

without payment of a premium, payable from all revenues generated 

by said tax increase, federal funds, investment income, public and 

private contributions, and other revenues as the board may determine, 

and with such revenues raised by the sales tax rate increase and the 

proceeds of debt obligations and any investment income on such 

revenues and proceeds being exempt from the revenue and spending 

restrictions contained in section 20 of Article X of the State constitution 

until such time as all debt is repaid when the rate of tax will be 

decreased to that amount necessary for the continued operation of the 

system but not less than six-tenths of one percent?”

Yes

No

Thank you for voting!

Press the Cast Vote Button to cast your vote.

Ballot Measure 114: Financing for Mass Transit

Vote yes or no Vote yes or no Vote yes or no

Vote yes or no

National Contests State Contests Local Contests Retentions Referenda

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Supreme Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Family Court

Vote yes or no

Judge Retention:

State Court of Appeals

Instructions

To vote, touch the button next to a name. A green “X” will appear. 

To undo your choice, touch the button again. It will disappear.

How to vote

To write in a name, touch the button next to “or write-in.” A blinking 

“X” will appear. Type in a name with the keyboard directly below the 

screen. Touch the arrow keys to move forward and backward as you 

write. When you are fi nished, touch the Enter Button. 

To undo your write-in, touch the button next to “or write-in” again. 

The “X” will disappear.

How to write in a name Casting your vote

Candid

To cast your vote, press the Cast Vote Button.

Make sure you are fi nished voting before you press the Cast 

Vote Button.

Vote for up to 3

Vote for up to 5

Cast Vote Button

Make sure you are fi nished voting 

before you press the Cast Vote Button.

Design development Full-face DRE ballot
7.51 Nine research events

Rolling DRE ballot interface design 

Studies of the components and interactions found most challenging by test 

participants are illustrated on pages 7.51–7.53. These include:

— Comprehending the total number of contests per screen

— Comprehending the differences between single candidates and two-name tickets

— Understanding the difference between “vote for 1” and “vote for x” contests

— Navigating through and voting on ballot measures

— Reviewing the ballot suffi ciently before casting

— Understanding and accessing Help features

— Navigating through the ballot

Contests per screen

When space allowed, initial designs showed two contests per screen. The fi rst 

interactive prototype developed for testing revealed undervoting on the second 

contest. Changing to one contest per screen, participants were observed to be 

more aware of each contest without feeling that the ballot was too lengthy.

Design development Rolling DRE ballot

Review your choices Back Skip

Vote for 1 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a name.

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another name. 

U.S. Senator

2 of 26

State contests

Dennis Weiford Blue

Touch here to submit another name

Heather Portier Gold

John Hewetson Orange

Sylvia Wentworth-Farthinton Purple

Lloyd Garriss Yellow

Victor Martinez Pink
7.52 Nine research events

Contests with two names

To underscore the difference between one-name and two-name contest options 

for voters, the team explored button treatments varying in font size and weight; 

placement of candidate and party names; button spacing and layout; and highlight 

states (when a selection has been made). Navigation varieties were also considered.

Voting for multiple candidates in one contest

To underscore the difference between single-candidate contests and multiplecandidate contests, focus was placed on the language of screen-level instructions, 

and a countdown indicator to communicate undervoting risks was added.

Review your choices Skip

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Marzena Pazgier and Welton Phelps Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

1 of 26

National contests

Back

Review your choices Back Skip

Touch here to submit another name

Mary Tawa Orange

Sheila Moskowitz Purple 

Charlene Hennessey Yellow 

Chloe Witherspoon Blue

Vote for up to 3 

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a name. 

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To undo your choice 

touch the name again. 

The check mark will 

disappear.

You may vote for fewer 

than three candidates.

Local contests

9 of 26 Next

Amanda Marracini Yellow

Eric Savoy Yellow

Touch here to see additional candidates

Touch here to see additional candidates

County Commissioners

Design development Rolling DRE ballot
7.53 Nine research events

Reading ballot measures

To encourage users to successfully access and read lengthy ballot measure text, 

the contractor studied variations in titling, scrolling, breaks in the text, type 

treatment, type size, line spacing, and options for presenting and communicating 

ballot measure instructions.

Receiving help

On the strength of recommendations by low-literacy advisers, the team explored 

options for integrating support content into the rolling DRE user experience.

Review your choices Back Skip

Choose Yes or No

You have 1 choice left

To vote, touch a choice. 

A check mark will appear 

to confi rm your selection.

To change your vote, 

touch the other choice. 

Ballot Measure 114: Financing for Mass Transit

Shall regional transportation district taxes be increased $158.34 million annually 

and by whatever additional amounts are raised annually thereafter by increasing 

the rate of sales tax levied by the district by four-tenths of one percent, from 

the current six-tenths of one percent to one percent commencing January 1, 

2005 and, in connection therewith, shall regional transportation district debt be 

increased $3.477 billion, with a repayment cost of $7.129 billion with all proceeds 

of debt and taxes to be used and spent for the construction and operation of a 

fi xed guide way mass transit system, the construction of additional park-n-ride 

lots, the expansion and improve-ment of existing park-n-ride lots, and increased 

bus service, including the use of smaller buses and vans and alternative fuel 

vehicles as appropriate, as specifi ed in and vans and alternative fuel vehicles as 

appropriate, as specifi ed in as specifi ed in and vans and alternative fuel vehicles 

Referenda

Text continues, touch here to read more

No

Yes

26 of 26

Using the ballot

There are instructions 

on each screen that will 

tell you how to vote and 

how many votes you may 

choose.

When you have 

completed your selection 

touch the green “Next” 

button to go to the next 

contest. 

You may review the 

selections you have 

made at any time by 

touching the “Review 

your selections” button. 

You are not required to 

vote every contest or 

question. Your ballot will 

still be counted.

National contests

Review your choices Back

President and Vice-President of the United States

Joseph Baarchi and Joseph Hallaren Blue

Touch here to submit another pair of names

Charles Layne and Andrew Kowalski Aqua 

Elizabeth Harp and Antoine Jefferson Gray

Martin Patterson and Clay Lariviere Gold 

Austin Hildebrand-MacDougall and James Garritty Pink 

Alvin Boone and James Lian Orange 

Daniel Court and Amy Blumhardt Purple

Adam Cramer and Greg Vuoccolo Yellow

Vote for 1 pair 

You have 0 choices left

To vote, touch a pair of 

names. A check mark will 

appear to confi rm your 

selection.

To change your vote, 

touch another pair of 

names. 

1 of 26 Next

Back Return to ballot

Design development Rolling DRE ballot
7.54 Nine research events

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Reviewing the ballot

Usability studies indicated that voters generally prefer to monitor their ballot 

completion progress while voting. Some participants requested the ability 

to (knowingly) skip ahead to decisions they deemed most important. Review 

screens should allow voters to accomplish both by offering an in-progress ballot 

summary and nonlinear access to contests and measures. Design iterations and 

usability testing explored navigational fl ows connecting voting, reviewing, 

and casting activities.

Navigating through the ballot

Language, graphics, layout, and symbols were investigated to help determine the 

best ballot navigation presentation. 

National contests

1. President and Vice-President of the United States

State contests

2. U.S. Senator

3. U.S. Representative

4. State Governor and Lieutenant-Governor

Charlene Franz and Chris Norberg Blue 

How to review

Read each name and 

review each selection 

carefully. Use the yellow 

buttons to scroll up 

and down through your 

choices. When you are 

done, you will review 

your choices on paper.

How to change a vote

To change your vote, 

touch a check mark. To 

add a vote, touch an 

empty box.

Review your choices on screen

Return to voting Accept and print

No selection made. Touch here if you would like to vote on this question.

Read more

Austin Hildebrand and James Garritty Pink 

Dennis Weiford Blue 

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Design development Rolling DRE ballot
8.1 Appendix

Effective Designs for the

Administration of Federal Elections

Section 8: Appendix

June 2007

U.S. Election Assistance Commission
8.2 Appendix

About AIGA / Design for Democracy

About AIGA

AIGA, the professional association for design, is the oldest and largest 

membership association for design professionals engaged in the discipline, 

practice, and culture of designing. Its mission is to advance designing as a 

professional craft, strategic tool, and vital cultural force. 

The organization was founded as the American Institute of Graphic Arts in 

1914. Since then, it has become the preeminent professional association for 

communication designers, broadly defi ned. In the past decade, designers have 

increasingly been involved in creating value for clients (whether public or business) 

through applying design thinking to complex problems, even when the outcomes 

may be more strategic, multidimensional, and conceptual than what most would 

consider traditional communication design. AIGA now represents more than 

19,000 designers of all disciplines through national activities and local programs 

developed by more than 55 chapters and 200 student groups. 

AIGA supports the interests of professionals, educators, and students who are 

engaged in the process of designing. The association is committed to stimulating 

thinking about design, demonstrating the value of design, and empowering 

success for designers throughout the arc of their careers. Through conferences, 

competitions, exhibitions, publications, and Web sites, AIGA inspires, educates, 

and informs designers, helping them to realize their talents and to advocate the 

value of design among the media, the business community, governments, and the 

public. 

About Design for Democracy

Design for Democracy is a strategic initiative of AIGA. The organization’s goal is to 

increase civic participation by making experiences clearer, more understandable, 

easier to accomplish, and more trustworthy. Design and social research 

professionals collaborate to enable compelling, effi cient, and trust-building 

experiences between government and the governed.
8.3 Appendix

Contributors

Accessibility Experts

Ann Taylor, American Federation of the Blind

David Baquis, Access Board

Diane Golden, Missouri Assistive Technology

Dr. Richard Deluca, Eye Institute of New York 

Jim Dixon, American Association of People

 With Disabilities

JR Harding, Access Board 

Nancy George, AARP

Steven Booth, American Federation of the Blind

Election Offi cials

Alexia Scott Morrison, Nebraska 

Brett Rowley, California

Carmine P. Casciano, New Jersey 

Dawn Roberts, Florida 

David Dowling, Nebraska 

David Orr, Illinois 

David J. Shively, Nebraska 

Howard Sholl, Delaware

Glen Takahashi, Hawaii

Guy Mickley, Maryland

Jim Henson, Minnesota

Joanne Armbruster, New Jersey 

John Lindback, Oregon 

Julia Keh, California

Kathy Rogers, Georgia

Keith Cunningham, Ohio 

Linda Lamone, Maryland

Mary Kiffmeyer, Minnesota

Richard Lynch, New Jersey

Scott Burnham, Illinois

Sharon Bohaboj, Nebraska

Sharon Turner-Buie, Missouri

William Campbell, Massachusetts

Language/Reading Experts

Amy Gendler, AIGA China 

Bill Tilghman, Compass Languages

Dana Chisnell, UsabilityWorks 

Ginny Redish, Redish & Associates, Inc. 

Glenn Magpantay, Asian American Legal Defense

 and Education Fund

Josephine Scott, Redish & Associates, Inc.

Judy Trupin, Queens Borough Library,

 Adult Services

June Crawford, National Institute for Literacy 

Leo Brenninkmeyer, Compass Languages

Roberto Cruz, Queens Borough Library,

 Adult Services

Susan Dalmus, Queens Borough Library,

 Adult Services

Veronica Belsuzarri, Illinois

Wang Yun, AIGA China

Researchers, Designers, and Election

Design Experts

Cheyenne Medina

Dori Tunstall, Design for Democracy

Gretchen Schulfer

Jim Vermillion, International Foundation for

 Election Systems

Joe Sparano

Marcia Lausen, Design for Democracy

Michael Dennis

Sharon Laskowski, National Institute of Standards

 and Technology

Terezia Matus, International Foundation for

 Election Systems

Veronica Belsuzarri, Illinois

Manufacturers and Printers contacted

Adam Carbullido, Elections Systems & Software

Darrell Aubrey, Hart

Donnetta Puckett, Diebold

John Groh, Elections Systems & Software

Howard Cramer, Sequoia

Michelle Schafer, Sequoia

Progress Printing, New Jersey

Shari Little, Elections Systems & Software

Skip DeBiase, Phoenix Graphics

Steve Bolton, Elections Systems & Software

Veronica Spencer, Sequoia

Zane Smith, Diebold

Core Project Team

Douglas Brown 

Drew Davies 

Elizabeth Hare

John Emerson 

Julie Park 

Laura Varacchi

Luke Woods

Mary Quandt

Matthew Terdich

Michael Konetzka

Kelly McLaughlin