# Patent

## Title
Hardware-efficient CRC generator for high speed communication networks

## Abstract

A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generator, in accordance with a specific embodiment of the present invention, generates a 32-bit CRC for each packet whose data bytes are carried over a 128-bit bus by first dividing the data bytes by a 123nd degree generator polynomial and subsequently dividing the remainder of the first division by a 32nd degree generator polynomial. Data bytes of a new packet are divided by a different dividing logic than those of a current packet. The remainder of division performed on the bytes of a new packet are supplied to the dividing logic adapted to divide the bytes of a current packet. The division by the 123nd degree generator polynomial is performed on a per byte basis, with the remainder of the division of the (i+1)th byte being used in the division of the ith byte.

## Background
This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/113,469, filed on Mar. 28, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,968,492, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to detection of errors introduced in data while being transmitted over a communications networks, and more particularly to an efficient implementation of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generator for high speed communication networks such as SONET.
Demand for high performance communication networks capable of transporting multiple types of data, such as text, audio and video data, is on the rise. To carry greater amount of data over existing communication channels, such as fiber-optic communication channels, network carriers are increasingly using high bandwidth technologies, such as wave division multiplexing (WDM) and optical carrier (OC) level 48. Such communication networks rely upon high-performance packet switches, such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches, frame relay switches and internet protocol (IP) routers which route the incoming packets to their desired destinations.
Inherent in most digital communication channels are errors introduced when transferring frames, packets or cells containing data. Such errors are often caused by electrical interference or thermal noise. Data transmission error rates depend, in part, on the medium which carries the data. Typical bit error rates for copper based data transmission systems are in the order of 10−6. Optical fibers have typical bit error rates of 10−9 or less. Wireless transmission systems, on the other hand, may have error rates of 10−3 or higher. To maintain data integrity during transmission, most communication systems deploy an error-control mechanism.
A known technique for error control, commonly referred to as error detection, involves detection of errors by the receiver followed by a retransmission of the data by the transmitter. In accordance with this error detection technique, a code is computed from the data at the transmitting end using a predefined algorithm. The data and the code—which is appended to the data—are subsequently transmitted to the receiver. The receiver, using the same predefined algorithm, computes another code from the transmitted data. If the code computed by the receiver matches the code computed by the transmitter, the data is considered to be free of errors.
Many of the conventional algorithms use polynomial codes to generate error-detecting codes. An error-detecting code generated using a polynomial code is commonly referred to as a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). A polynomial code is typically specified by its generator polynomial g(x) which is used by both the transmitter and the receiver to compute their respective CRCs. A CRC is the remainder of the division of data by a generator polynomial. The number of bits in the remainder is the same as the degree of the generator polynomial. If the CRC computed from the data by the transmitter does not match the CRC computed from the data received by the receiver, the data is flagged as corrupt, thus forcing the transmitter to retransmit the data.
There are several well-known generator polynomials. For example, generator polynomial g(x)=x8+x2+x+1 is used to generate CRC-8 (i.e., an 8-bit CRC) to detect ATM header errors. Similarly the following well known generator polynomial:

g(x)=x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x+1  (1)

is used to generate a 32-bit CRC when transmitting data in conformity with, for example, CCIT V.42 modern standard or IEEE 802 LAN standards. CRC computation is typically carried out in the data link layer of a network by either software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software. A logic hardware dedicated to computation of CRC often includes a number of shift registers and modulo 2 adders/subtractors (XORs).
FIG. 1 shows a prior art logic hardware 10 that is adapted to compute a CRC-5 using the generator polynomial g(x)=x5+x4+x2+1. Logic hardware 10 includes five shift registers 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and three 2-input XOR gates 22, 24, 26. With every transition of the clock, one bit of data is serially applied to input terminal IN1 of XOR gate 22, with the most significant bit of the data applied first. Furthermore, with every transition of the clock, each of the shift registers 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 shifts the data present at its respective D terminal to its respective output terminal Q (i.e., to the left). The data present at output terminals Q of shift registers 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 form the 5 bits of the CRC-5.
A commonly known standard referred to as synchronous optical network (SONET) defines a synchronous frame structure for transmitting signals using time division multiplexed (TDM) technique. In accordance with the TDM technique, data bits associated with different channels are interleaved in the time domain to form a composite bit stream. For example, assume that each time slot is about 15 us for a single voice channel operating at 64 Kb/sec. Accordingly, five such channels may be multiplexed via the TDM technique if the bit streams of successive channels are delayed by 3 usec.
The basic building block of an exemplary SONET has a bit rate of 51.84 Mb/s which has a corresponding optical signal referred to as OC-1. Bits disposed in packets transported over the SONET channel (Packet over SONET), are carried over a bus having a width of, e.g. 16 bits. The 16-bit data are subsequently aggregated by an integrated circuit, such as a SONET framer, adapted to carry the data using a wider, e.g. 128-bit (i.e., 16-byte) bus. To generate a CRC-32 for a packet whose bytes are received over a 128-bit bus using conventional approach would require a relatively large number of shift registers and XOR gates. As the number of shift registers and XOR gates increases, it becomes more difficult to generate the CRC-32 within the time period set by the operating clock frequency.
There is a need for efficient implementation of logic hardware adapted to timely generate CRCs employing polynomials of higher degrees.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generator, in accordance with one embodiment the present invention, uses a two-stage division operation to generate a 32-bit CRC for each packet whose bytes are carried over a 128-bit bus. During the first stage of the division, the packet data bytes are divided by a first generator polynomial of 123nd degree. During the second stage of the division, the remainder of the division performed during the first stage is divided by a second generator polynomial of 32nd degree. The remainder of the division carried out during the second stage is the 32-bit CRC and is appended to the end of the packet before the packet is transmitted.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a CRC generator includes first, second and third dividing logic. The first dividing logic is adapted to receive the data bytes that belong to a new packet and to divide these bytes by the first generator polynomial. The second dividing logic receives both the data bytes that belong to a current packet as well as the remainder of the division performed by the first dividing logic. The second dividing logic—which also divides the data it receives by the first generator polynomial—supplies the remainder of its division to the third generator polynomial. The first and second dividing logic together perform the first stage of the division. The third dividing logic receives the remainder of the division performed by the second dividing logic and divides this remainder by the second generator polynomial. Accordingly, the third dividing logic performs the second stage of the division. The remainder of the division performed by the third dividing logic is the generated CRC.
A decoder disposed in the CRC-generator determines which byte(s) of an incoming 128-bit data belong to a current packet and which byte(s) belong to a new packet. The decoder receives such information as the end position of a current packet, the start position of a new packet, and a four-bit control information representative of the count of each byte carried by the bus. The decoder, using the four-bit control information, decodes 15 pointer signal each pointing to a different one of the 15 most significant bytes of the data carried by the 128-bit bus.
The first dividing logic includes 16 dividers and 15 muxes. Each divider receives and divides a different one of the bytes of a new packet by the first generator polynomial. Each mux receives at its select terminal a different one of the pointer signals generated by the decoder. Each mux also receives an initial value at its first input terminal. The mux receiving the pointer signal pointing to the ith byte of the data of a new packet, receives the remainder of the division performed on the (i+1)th byte of that data at its second input terminal, and supplies its output signal to the divider adapted to divide the ith byte of the data. The first dividing logic supplies a 123-bit remainder to the second dividing logic.
The second dividing logic includes 16 dividers each adapted to divide a different one of the data bytes of a current packet by the first generator polynomial and generate a 123-bit remainder. The divider adapted to divide the ith byte of the data of a current packet supplies its remainder to the divider adapted to divide the (i−1)th byte of that data. A mux disposed in the second dividing logic supplies one of the sixteen 123-bit remainders to the third dividing logic which, in turn, generates the 32-bit CRC.
The following detailed descriptions and the accompanying drawings provide a better understanding of the nature and advantages of the CRC generator of the present invention.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of logic hardware adapted to generate a 5-bit cyclic redundancy check, as known in the prior art.
FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of logic hardware adapted to generate a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check for a packet whose data bytes are received over a 128-bit bus, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an exemplary waveform of various bits of a control signal received by the logic hardware of FIG. 1, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is another exemplary waveform of the various bits of the control signal received by the logic hardware of FIG. 1, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is another exemplary waveform of the various bits of the control signal received by the logic hardware of FIG. 1, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of a dividing logic disposed in the logic hardware of FIG. 2 and adapted to divide the data bytes of a new packet by a generator polynomial of 123rd degree, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a simplified block diagram of a dividing logic disposed in the logic hardware of FIG. 2 and adapted to divide the data bytes of a current packet by the generator polynomial of 123rd degree, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention herein is described in the context of a SONET communication system with specific characteristics for illustrative purposes only. It is to be understood that the CRC generating technique of the invention is applicable to a variety of communication systems where CRC generator using polynomials of higher degree are desirable.
FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of logic hardware 100, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, that is adapted to generate a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (hereinafter referred to as CRC-32) signal CRC[31:0] for each packet whose bytes are disposed in 128-bit signal din[127:0]. Logic hardware 100 (hereinafter referred to as CRC-32 generator 100) includes, in part, register 102, multiplexer (mux) 104, decoder 106, first dividing logic 110, second dividing logic 120, and third dividing logic 130.
With each rising or falling edge of the clock signal CLK, 128 bits of data din[127:0] (alternatively referred to hereinbelow as din) arrive at input terminal D of register 102. Similarly with each such rising or falling CLK edge, a 7-bit control signal pntr[6:0] (alternatively referred to hereinbelow as pntr) arrives at input terminal I of decoder 106. Bit 0, ABORT, of control signal pntr indicates an abrupt termination of an incoming packet. Bit 1, EOP, of control signal pntr points to the end of the packet whose other bytes were received earlier, i.e., the current packet. Bit 2, SOP, of control signal pntr points to the first byte of a new packet. Bits 3-7, POINTER, of pntr are used in conjunction with EOP signal to identify which bytes of data belong to a current packet and which bytes belong to a new packet, as described further below.
FIG. 3 is an exemplary waveform of the various bits of signal pntr arriving synchronously with respect to signal CLK. In accordance with FIG. 3, when signal CLK is asserted (i.e., makes a low-to-high transition), signal ABORT is also asserted and signal POINTER has a binary value of 4, pointing to the 5th byte (i.e., byte count 4) of din (not shown). Therefore, bytes 0-4 of din are valid packet bytes, whereas bytes 5-15 of din are discarded (not shown). Signal EPO is also asserted to designate the packet end.
FIG. 4 is another exemplary waveform of the various bits of signal pntr arriving synchronously with respect to signal CLK. In accordance with FIG. 4, when signal CLK is asserted, signal EOP is also asserted and signal POINTER has a binary value of 7, pointing to the 8th byte of data din. Therefore, byte 7 of din is the end byte of the current packet.
FIG. 5 is another exemplary waveform of the various bits of signal pntr arriving synchronously with respect to signal CLK. In accordance with FIG. 5, when signal CLK is asserted, signal SOP is also asserted and signal POINTER has a binary value of 11, pointing to the 12th byte of data din. Therefore, bytes 0-10 belong to a current packet and bytes 11-15 belong to a new packet.
Decoder 106 receives signal pntr and, in response, generates signal SOP_delayed as well as 15 pointer signals, byten_0, byten_1, . . . , byten_14. Only three of these 15 pointer signals, namely byten_0, byten_1, and byten_14 are shown in FIG. 2. Signal SOP_delayed is replicated from signal SOP after only cycle of signal CLK. Each of these 15 pointer signals points to a different one of the 15 most significant bytes of data din. For example, signal byten_0 points to the 1st byte of din, and byten_14 points to the 15th byte of din. Accordingly, when, e.g., signal POINTER has a value of 0000, signal byten_0 is asserted and when signal POINTER has a value of 0100, signal byten_4 is asserted. The 15 pointer signals decoded by decoder 106 are applied to the input terminals of dividing logic 110. In the following, each of the 15 pointer signals is alternatively identified as byten_i, where i is an integer varying from 0 to 14.
As describe above, signal SOP-delayed is a delayed replica of signal SOP and is applied to the select terminal S of mux 104. Data signal din is applied to input terminal D of 128-bit register 102. Register 102, in turn, supplies 128-bit data signal dreg[127:0] at its output terminal Q. Data signal dreg[127:0] (hereinafter referred to as dreg) is delivered to both dividing logic 120 and dividing logic 110. Dividing logic 110, in turn, uses the 15 pointer signals byten_i to identify which, if any, of the dreg bytes dividing logic 110 must divide by the generator polynomial M(x):

M(x)=x123+x111+x92+x84+x64+x46+x23+1  (2)

If all the 16 bytes of dreg are identified as belonging to a current packet, then dividing logic 120 receives and divides the 16 bytes of dreg by the generator polynomial M(x). Accordingly, dividing logic 110 does not perform any division for this data. If some of the 16 data bytes of dreg are identified as belonging to a current packet and some as belonging to a new packet, the bytes identified as belonging to the current packet are divided by dividing logic 120 and those identified as belonging to the new packet are divided by dividing logic 110. If all of the 16 data bytes of din are identified as belonging to a new packet, then dividing logic 110 receives and divides all of the 16 bytes of dreg by the generator polynomial M(x), accordingly, dividing logic 120 does not perform any such division.
Assume, for example, that bytes 0-10 of an incoming dreg belong to a current packet and bytes 11-15 belong to a new packet. Accordingly, signal SOP is asserted synchronously with signal CLK when signal POINTER has a value of 11. Although dividing logic 110 receives all the 16-bytes of dreg, dividing logic 110 is instructed by signal byten_10 to divide only bytes 11-15 of dreg by the polynomial generator M(x). The reminder of the division performed by each of dividing logic 120 and 110 includes 123 bits.
Dividing logic 110 supplies the 123-bit remainder—that it generates by dividing the bytes of dreg by the generator polynomial M(x)—via signal dbtm[122:0] (hereinafter referred to as dbtm). Similarly, dividing logic 120 supplies the 123-bit remainder—that it generates by dividing the bytes of dreg by the generator polynomial M(x)—via signal dtop[122:0] (hereinafter referred to as dtop). Signals dtop and dbtm are respectively applied to input terminals I0 and I1 of mux 104. Signal SOP-delayed supplied by decoder 106 is applied to the select input terminal S of mux 104. If signal SOP-delayed is at a low logic level, signal dtop is transferred to output terminal O of mux 104. If signal SOP-delayed is at a high logic level, signal dbtm is transferred to output terminal O of mux 104. The 123-bit signal dselect[123] (hereinafter referred to as dselect) present at output terminal O of mux 104 is applied to input terminal I17 of divider 120.
A described above, dividing logic 120 and 110 may concurrently perform division operations on data bytes belonging to two different packets. Because dividing logic 110 operates on (i.e., divides) the first group of byte(s) of a new packet, it receives a 123-bit signal, designated in FIG. 2 as initial_value[122:0], in order to carry out its division operation. After dividing logic 110 completes its division operation and generates the 123-bit remainder signal rmbtm, as described further below, signal SOP-delayed transitions from a low logic level to a high logic level to enable signal rmbtm to be transferred to dividing logic 110 via signal dselect.
Dividing logic 120 uses signal dselect as the starting value to perform its division operation. So long as CRC-32 generator 100 receives bytes belonging to a current packet—which may continue for many clock cycles—signal dtop[123:0] (hereinafter referred to as dtop) is fed back to dividing logic 120 to be used in dividing the new bytes of the current packet by generator polynomial M(x). However, once signal SOP-delayed is asserted—indicating that dividing logic 110 has completed dividing the first group of bytes of a new packet—signal dbtm is supplied to dividing logic 120 to be used in dividing the new bytes of the current packet by generator polynomial M(x). Dividing logic 120 supplies the 123-bit remainder of the division operation that it performs via signal dtop to dividing logic 130.
Dividing logic 130 divides the 123-bit data dtop when signal EOP applied to its input terminal I1 is asserted. Dividing logic divides data dtop by the following generator polynomial g(x):

g(x)=x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x+1  (3)

To perform this division, divider 130 receives—at its input terminal I2—a 32-bit starting value, designated in FIG. 2 as init[31:0] (hereinafter referred to alternatively as init). The 32-bit remainder of this division is the CRC[31:0] which is subsequently appended to the end of the current packet (not shown).
FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of logic blocks disposed in dividing logic 110 (see FIG. 2). Dividing logic 110 includes sixteen 8-bit dividers and fifteen 123-bit muxes. Each of the 8-bit dividers receives and divides an 8-bit data with the generator polynomial M(x) of equation (2), shown above. FIG. 6 shows only five of the 8-bit dividers 152, 156, 160, 164, 168, and four of the 123-bit muxes, 154, 158, 162, 166.
Each 8-bit divider of dividing logic 110 receives a different one of the 16 bytes of dreg and divides that byte by the generator polynomial M(x) using a 123-bit value. The 123-bit starting value used by the 8-bit divider 152, which divides the 16th byte of dreg[127:120] (i.e., byte count 15), is supplied by signal initial_value. Signal initial_value is also applied to input terminal I1 of each of the fifteen muxes disposed in divider 110. The result of the division performed by each 8-bit divider is supplied via an associated mux to the 8-bit divider operating on the byte having a lower count. For example, the remainder of the division performed by 8-bit divider 152, i.e., rmbtm_15[122:00], is supplied to 8-bit divider 156 via associated mux 154. Each of the muxes disposed in dividing logic 110 receives at its select terminal a different one of the pointer signals generated by decoder 106. For example, signal byten_14 is applied to the select terminal S of mux 154. Similarly, signal byten_13 is applied to the select terminal S of mux 158, and signal byten_0 is applied to the select terminal S of mux 166.
As seen in FIG. 6, each mux also receives a 123-bit signal at its input terminal I0 which is the remainder of the division performed by the 8-bit divider operating on a byte with a higher count. For example, mux 154 receives the remainder of the division performed by 8-bit divider 152. Similarly, mux 158 receives the remainder of the division performed by 8-bit divider 156; mux 166 receives the remainder of the division performed by 8-bit divider 164. In general, a mux, such as mux 162, which receives the remainder of the division performed on the (i+1)th byte of dreg at its input terminal I0, receives the pointer signal pointing to the ith byte of dreg at its select input terminal S, and supplies data to the divider adapted to divide the ith byte of dreg, where i is an integer varying from 0 to 14.
If the signal applied to the S terminal of a mux in dividing logic 110 is at a low logic level, that mux supplies the remainder of the division of the ith byte of dreg to the 8-bit divider adapted to divide the (i−1)th byte of dreg. If on the other hand, the signal applied to the S terminal of a mux in dividing logic 110 is at a low logic level, that mux supplies signal initial_value to its associated 8-bit divider signal.
The remainder of the division operation carried out by 8-bit divider 168 is the output signal dbtm[122:0] of dividing logic 110. As seen from FIG. 2, signal dbtm[122:0] is applied to input terminal I1 of mux 104. Mux 104 also receives signal dtop[122:0] (hereinafter referred to as dtop), generated by dividing logic 120, at its input terminal I1. After dividing logic 110 completes its division operation and generates signal dbtm, signal SOP-delayed is asserted to pass signal dbtm to dividing logic 120 via signal dselect[127:120]. Thereafter, signal SOP-delayed is maintained at a low level to enable the remainder of the division performed by dividing logic 120 to be fed back to dividing logic 120
FIG. 7 is a simplified block diagram of various logic blocks disposed in dividing logic 120 (see FIG. 2). Dividing logic 120 includes sixteen 8-bit dividers and a 16-to-1 mux. Each of the 8-bit dividers of dividing logic 120 receives and divides—by generator polynomial M(x)—a different one of the bytes of dreg. FIG. 7 shows 16-to-1 mux 190 and only four of such 8-bit dividers 182, 184, 186, 188.
8-bit divider 182 receives and divides data byte dreg[127:120] by the generator polynomial M(x) using signal dselect[127:120] as the starting value. The remainder of the division performed by 8-bit divider 182 is the 123-bit signal rmtop_15[122:00] which is supplied to input terminal I0 of divider 184. 8-bit divider 184 receives and divides data byte dreg[119:112] by the generator polynomial M(x) using rmtop_15[122:0] as the starting value. Therefore, the 8-bit divider adapted to divide the ith byte of dreg, uses as the starting value the remainder of the division performed on the (i−1)th byte of dreg. The 16 signals generated by the 16 dividers of dividing logic 120 are applied to input terminals I0-I15 of mux 190. The 4-bit select terminal of mux 190 receives signal POINTER. Depending on the value of signal POINTER one of the signals applied to mux 190 is transferred to its output terminal O. For example, if POINTER has a value of 0, signal rmtop0[122:0] is passed to output terminal O of mux 190. Similarly, if POINTER has a value of 14, signal rmtop14[122:0] is passed to output terminal O of mux 190. In general, if signal pointer has a value i, signal rmtopi[122:0] is passed to output terminal O of mux 190, where is an integer between 0 and 15. The 123-bit signal dtop, supplied at output terminal O of mux 190 is the output signal of dividing logic 120. Signal dtop is applied to the input terminal I0 of mux 104 and to the input terminal I0 of dividing logic 130 which uses dtop[122:0] to generate CRC[31:0], as described above.
The 8-bit dividers disposed in each of dividers 120 and 110 include combinatorial and sequential logic gates that are so configured as to enable the division of their respective data by generator polynomial M(x). Standard logic design techniques may be used to select and interconnect such logic gates. Also, conventional logic design programming languages, such as VHDL or Verilog, in combination with logic design synthesis tools, such as those available from Synopsys corp. located at 700 East Middlefield road, Mountain View, Calif. 94043, may be used to design the 8-bit dividers and any of the other logic blocks disposed in CRC-32 generator 100, as is known to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that the above embodiments of the present invention are illustrative and are not intended to be limiting. Various alternatives and equivalents are possible. For example, the specific degree of polynomials, sizes of the various data buses, selection of specific bits of data as control bits are all exemplary in nature and may vary from implementation to implementation. That is, for example, the inventive concept can apply to CRC generators using polynomials of different degrees, or communication systems other than SONET. Furthermore, the hardware described in the specific embodiment of the inventions, e.g., dividers, mux decoders and registers, is not limited to any specific type or implementation. Nor is the invention limited to any specific type of process technology, e.g., CMOS, Bipolar, BICMOS; any process technology may be used to from the CRC generator.
The invention is not limited by the type of integrated circuit in which the CRC generator is disposed. For example, the CRC generator, in accordance with the present invention, may be disposed in an integrated circuit framer, a programmable logic device, or any other integrated circuit which is adapted to transmit or receive data across a network communications channel. Other additions, subtractions or modification are obvious in view of the present invention and are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A method comprising:
dividing data bytes of a first N-bit word in a first generator polynomial operation to generate a first remainder; and
dividing the first remainder in a second generator polynomial operation to generate a M-bit cyclic redundancy check.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining if the data bytes of the N-bit word are part of a current data packet or a new data packet.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein dividing the data bytes of the first N-bit word comprises dividing data bytes that belong to a new data packet using the first generator polynomial operation to generate a third remainder.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein dividing data bytes that belong to the new data packet comprises dividing data bytes that belong to a current data packet using the first generator polynomial operation to generate a fourth remainder.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising dividing the third remainder or the fourth remainder using the second generator polynomial operation to generate the M-bit cyclic redundancy check.

6. A method comprising:
dividing data bytes of a N-bit word in a two-stage division operation, the two stage division operation includes a first-stage division operation that employs a first generator polynomial for dividing the data bytes to generate a first remainder, and a second-stage division operation that employs a second generator polynomial to generate a cyclic redundancy check from the first remainder.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising decoding the N-bit word to determine which data bytes belong to a current data packet or a new data packet.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining which data bytes belong to a current data packet or a current data packet comprises determining the end position of a current data packet or a beginning position of a new data packet.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the first-stage division operation comprises dividing data bytes of the N-bit word associated with a new data packet with the first generator polynomial to generate a second remainder.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first-stage division operation comprises dividing data bytes of the N-bit word associated with a current data packet with the first generator polynomial to generate a third remainder.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first remainder comprises the second remainder or the third remainder.

12. An integrated circuit, the circuit comprising:
a first logic circuit employing a first generator polynomial to derive a first remainder from data bytes of an N-bit word; and
a second logic circuit employing a second generator polynomial to derive a cyclic redundancy check from the first remainder.

13. The integrated circuit of claim 12, wherein the first logic circuit comprises a first dividing logic circuit capable of generating the first generator polynomial for dividing data bytes that belong to new data packets to generate a second remainder.

14. The integrated circuit of claim 12, wherein the first logic circuit comprises a second dividing logic circuit capable of generating the first generator polynomial for dividing data bytes that belong to current data packets to generate a third remainder.

15. The integrated circuit of claim 12, wherein the second logic circuit comprises a third dividing logic circuit capable of generating the second generator polynomial for dividing the first remainder to derive the cyclic redundancy check.

16. An integrated circuit for generating a cyclic redundancy check, the circuit comprising:
a data selection circuit for determining which data bytes of N-bit data belong to a new data packet or to a current data packet;
a first logic circuit coupled to the data selection circuit, wherein the first logic circuit is capable generating a first remainder from data bytes of the new data packet;
a second logic circuit coupled to the data selection circuit, wherein the second logic circuit is capable of generating a second remainder from data bytes of the current data packet; and
a third logic circuit capable of generating the cyclic redundancy check from either the first remainder or the second remainder.

17. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the data selection circuit comprises a decoder circuit capable of generating a select signal indicative of a new data packet or a current data packet.

18. The integrated circuit of claim 17, wherein the data selection circuit comprises a multiplexer circuit that in response to the select signal directs data bytes of the N-bit data to the first logic circuit or the second logic circuit.

19. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the first logic circuit comprises a dividing circuit capable of dividing data bytes of the N-bit data from the new data packet by a first generator polynomial.

20. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the second logic circuit comprises a dividing circuit capable of dividing data bytes of the N-bit data from the current data packet by a first generator polynomial.

21. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the third logic circuit comprises a dividing circuit capable of dividing either the first remainder or the second remainder by a second generator polynomial to generate the cyclic redundancy check.