[Cite as In re A.M., 2024-Ohio-2389.]

COURT OF APPEALS

ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

: JUDGES:

:

: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J.

: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J.

IN RE A.M. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.

:

: Case No. 24-COA-004

:

:

:

:

: O P I N I O N

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Ashland County Court

of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division,

Case No. 20213057

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:

APPEARANCES:

June 20, 2024

For Parents-Appellants: For Ashland County-DJFS:

BRIAN A. SMITH BETH A. LIGGETT

123 S. Miller Rd., Suite 250 110 Cottage St., 3rd Floor

Fairlawn, OH 44333 Ashland, OH 44305
[Cite as In re A.M., 2024-Ohio-2389.]

Delaney, P.J.

{¶1} Parents-Appellants appeal the December 28, 2023 judgment entry of the

Ashland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

{¶2} Appellants D.M. and P.M. are the biological parents of A.M., born in

November 2020. A.M. was born at 24-weeks and placed in the NICU at Akron Children’s

Hospital (“ACH”). Parents have an older child, who was sent to live with relatives in

Oregon after the birth of A.M.

Initial Complaint

{¶3} Appellee Ashland County Department of Job and Family Services

(“ACDJFS”) became involved with Parents and A.M. in July 2021, when it received an

Intake from ACH regarding A.M. Due to the child’s premature birth and her complicated

health needs, she was still in the ACH NICU on a ventilator and feeding tube. A.M. was

diagnosed with spastic quadriplegia and cerebral palsy. ACH reported multiple issues

with Parents’ care for A.M. while the child was in the NICU, including that the child’s trach

tube kept coming dislodged, the child’s bed was saturated with cold water, her feeds were

being interfered with, and the child suffered a ruptured eardrum with no explanation. All

concerns raised by the ACH staff were discovered promptly after Mother visited with the

child. Father did not visit the child in the NICU. The hospital was also concerned about

domestic violence between Mother and Father.

{¶4} An ACDJFS caseworker interviewed Mother. Mother stated that she

accidentally knocked a cup of cold water on the child. Mother allegedly later admitted that
[Cite as In re A.M., 2024-Ohio-2389.]

she intentionally poured water on the child at other times. Mother stated she had a

traumatic brain injury and blacked out at times.

{¶5} On August 5, 2021, ACDJFS filed a Complaint and Motion for Ex Parte

Order, alleging A.M. was an abused and dependent child. The trial court granted the

motion, and the child was placed in Shelter Care of ACDJFS on August 5, 2021. The

Shelter Care hearing was held on August 6, 2021. Mother and Father attended the

hearing. On August 16, 2021, the trial court ordered that A.M. remain in the Shelter Care

of ACDJFS. A Guardian ad Litem was appointed for the child.

Hearings

{¶6} The Adjudicatory Hearing was held on September 1, 2021. Via judgment

entry filed November 4, 2021, the trial court found A.M. was a dependent child as alleged

in the Complaint. The child was placed in the temporary care of ACDJFS.

{¶7} A Dispositional Hearing was held on October 27, 2021 and continued to

December 13, 2021 so Mother could obtain counsel.

{¶8} A GAL report filed on September 22, 2021, recommended that A.M. remain

the temporary legal custody of ACDJFS.

{¶9} A Dispositional Hearing was held on December 13, 2021. By judgment entry

filed on December 14, 2021, the trial court ordered that A.M. remain in the temporary

custody of ACDJFS.

{¶10} While in the NICU, A.M. was cared for by an ACH Nurse, B.D. The child

was discharged from the ACH NICU in December 2021 and placed in the foster care of

Nurse B.D. When A.M. was released from the hospital, she still had a tracheostomy,

feeding tube, and was oxygen-dependent. She needed physical, speech, and
[Cite as In re A.M., 2024-Ohio-2389.]

occupational therapy. She required inhalers and breathing treatments. Due to her spastic

quadriplegia and cerebral palsy, A.M. had difficulty with gross and fine motor skills and

was non-ambulatory.

{¶11} A Review Hearing was held on January 18, 2022. Parents had completed

their mental health assessments, but the reports were not completed for the trial court’s

review.

{¶12} On July 8, 2022, ACDJFS filed a motion to extend temporary custody. The

GAL report filed on July 15, 2022, recommended the child remain in the custody of

ACDJFS.

{¶13} The trial court held the Annual Review Hearing on July 21, 2022, where it

also considered the motion to extend temporary custody. Via judgment entry filed on

August 3, 2022, the trial court found that Parents had made substantial progress on the

case plan objectives but lacked a sufficient bond with the child. The trial court ordered

that A.M. remain in the temporary custody of ACDJFS for an additional six months.

{¶14} On August 19, 2022, the trial court held a Review Hearing. ACDJFS advised

the trial court that Parents still needed training regarding the child’s feeding tube. Mother’s

mental health evaluation and treatment recommendation had not been finalized at the

time of the hearing. ACDJFS was exploring an alternative permanency plan for Parents,

which included family team meetings and determining all of the medical training Parents

required to safely care for A.M.

{¶15} Mother filed a Motion to Modify Disposition on November 10, 2022.

{¶16} The trial court held a Review Hearing on November 15, 2022. The trial court

ordered that parenting time to occur between the child and Parents one time per week for
[Cite as In re A.M., 2024-Ohio-2389.]

six hours at a time, but the parenting time was to remain supervised. The trial court also

ordered that ACDJFS was to transition all services for the child to the Ashland County

area to help with reunification.

{¶17} ACDJFS filed a second motion to extend temporary custody on January 6,

2023. On February 1, 2023, the trial court held a hearing on both Mother’s motion to

modify disposition and the motion to extend temporary custody. By judgment entry filed

July 11, 2023, the trial court denied Mother's motion to modify disposition and granted the

second motion to extend temporary custody, finding it was in the best interests of the

child.

Case Plans

{¶18} The initial case plan was filed on September 1, 2021 and adopted by the

trial court on November 4, 2021. The amended case plan was filed and adopted on

February 1, 2022. An amended case plan was filed, corrected, and adopted by the trial

court on March 24, 2022. An amended case plan was filed and adopted on August 30,

2022. An amended case plan was filed and adopted by the trial court on December 16,

2022. The case plan was amended and adopted on July 20, 2023.

{¶19} Parents completed parenting classes. Parents completed a mental health

assessment. Mother was in counseling and under the care of a psychiatrist and taking

prescribed medication. Parents attended couples counseling. Father completed group

therapy for domestic violence.

{¶20} Father is employed as freight driver for a trucking company. Mother is not

employed outside the home. Mother has her driver’s license. The home was found to be

clean and appropriate.
[Cite as In re A.M., 2024-Ohio-2389.]

{¶21} Mother attended almost all of A.M.’s medical and therapy appointments.

Parents asked ACDJFS to assist with the creation of a “cheat sheet” to help Parents

manage A.M.’s medical equipment and procedures. In 2023, Nurse B.D. provided Parents

with a binder of information as to how to care for A.M. and use her medical equipment.

Permanent Custody

{¶1} Mother filed a motion to modify and/or terminate disposition on April 19,

2023. ACDJFS filed a motion for permanent custody on June 28, 2023. The permanent

custody hearing was held on December 13, 14, and 15, 2023.

{¶2} A.M. requires full-time medical care. While Nurse B.D. provides her care,

A.M. also has a nurse that provides in-home care because A.M. cannot be left alone and

requires constant monitoring of her breathing and feeding tube. The child’s primary care

physician testified that A.M. is his highest needs patient. The child cannot crawl, stand,

or independently sit up. A.M. requires the use of a feeding tube to supplement solid-food

feedings. A.M. receives multiple forms of therapeutic intervention and is under the

medical care of an ENT, pulmonologist, plastic surgeon, and neurosurgeon.

{¶3} After A.M.’s placement with Nurse B.D., the Parents initially had supervised

visitation with A.M. two hours once a week, which increased to two days per week.

Parents did not progress past supervised visitation. Mother attended the child’s medical

and therapy appointments, but Father did not.

{¶4} Via judgment entry filed on December 28, 2023, the trial court terminated

Parent’s parental rights to A.M. and awarded custody of the child to ACDJFS. The trial

court first found that A.M. had been in the temporary custody of ACDJFS for more than

twelve of the preceding twenty-two months. The trial court next found that it was in the
[Cite as In re A.M., 2024-Ohio-2389.]

best interests that A.M. be placed in the permanent custody of ACDJFS. It found the child

had significant health issues and required very specific and necessary medical care.

Neither parent had ever provided full-time care for the child. The child was continuously

hospitalized from birth until removal. While Parents had made progress on their case plan,

the trial court found Parents did not make sufficient progress such that they were able to

provide safe and secure full-time care for the child.

{¶5} It is from this judgment entry that Parents now appeal.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

{¶6} Parents raise two Assignments of Error:

I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN AWARDING PERMANENT CUSTODY

TO APPELLEE, ASHLAND COUNTY JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES,

SINCE APPELLEE FAILED TO DEMONSTRATE, BY CLEAR AND

CONVINCING EVIDENCE, THAT GROUNDS EXISTED FOR

PERMANENT CUSTODY, AND SINCE THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION

WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING PERMANENT CUSTODY

TO APPELLEE, ASHLAND COUNTY JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES,

BECAUSE THERE WAS NOT COMPETENT, CREDIBLE EVIDENCE

THAT APPELLEE MADE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO REUNIFY THE

FAMILY.
[Cite as In re A.M., 2024-Ohio-2389.]

ANALYSIS

I. and II.

{¶7} We consider Parents’ first and second Assignments together because they

are interrelated. Parents contend the trial court erred in finding it was in the best interests

of the child to be placed in the permanent custody of ACDJFS. We disagree.

{¶8} In the instant case, R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) applies to A.M. There is no

dispute that she was in the temporary custody of ACDJFS for twelve or more months of

a consecutive twenty-two-month period. This Court has adopted the position that proof of

temporary custody with an agency for twelve or more months of a consecutive twentytwo-month period alone is sufficient to award permanent custody. In re D.H., 2022-Ohio4495, ¶ 59 (5th Dist.) citing Matter of O.M., 2021-Ohio-1310, ¶ 33 (5th Dist.) citing In the

Matter of A.S., V.S., and Z.S., 2013-Ohio-4018 (5th Dist.). Therefore, a finding that

grounds existed for permanent custody cannot be against the manifest weight of the

evidence. Matter of L.G., 2021-Ohio-743, ¶ 36 (5th Dist.).

{¶9} In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent custody hearing,

R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) mandates the trial court must consider all relevant factors, including,

but not limited to, the following: (a) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with

the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers, and any

other person who may significantly affect the child; (b) the wishes of the child as

expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard

for the maturity of the child; (c) the custodial history of the child; (d) the child's need for a

legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be achieved
[Cite as In re A.M., 2024-Ohio-2389.]

without a grant of permanent custody; and (e) whether any of the factors in division (E)(7)

to (11) of R.C. 2151.414 apply in relation to the parents and child.

{¶10} A child's best interests are served by the child being placed in a permanent

situation that fosters growth, stability, and security. We have frequently noted, “[t]he

discretion which the juvenile court enjoys in determining whether an order of permanent

custody is in the best interest of a child should be accorded the utmost respect, given the

nature of the proceeding and the impact the court's determination will have on the lives

of the parties concerned.” In re E.H., 2022-Ohio-1682, ¶ 101 (5th Dist.) quoting In re

Mauzy Children, 5th Dist. No. 2000CA00244, 2000 WL 1700073 (Nov. 13, 2000), citing

In re Awkal, 85 Ohio App.3d 309, 316 (8th Dist. 1994). In this case, we find there was

competent, credible evidence to support the trial court's decision that it was in the best

interest of A.M. to be placed in the permanent custody of ACDJFS.

{¶11} Parents contend the trial court’s finding that neither parent had ever

provided full-time care to the child incorrectly implied that was due to a failure by the

Parents. They argue their inability to provide care was due to the actions and inactions of

ACDJFS. While A.M. was in the hospital, she was placed in the temporary custody of

ACDJFS where Parents could only visit with A.M. under supervised conditions. A.M.

moved directly from the hospital to Nurse B.D.’s care, where again they could only visit

with A.M. under supervised conditions. There was no opportunity to provide full-time care

for A.M. ACDJFS repeatedly changed caseworkers assigned to the case. The case plan

was amended multiple times. The thrust of Parents’ argument on appeal is that ACDJFS

did not make reasonable efforts to educate and train them as how to care for their child,
[Cite as In re A.M., 2024-Ohio-2389.]

so therefore they could not move forward in their ability to provide safe and secure care

for their child.

{¶12} In 2022, Parents had visitation with A.M. for six-hours a day, once a week.

Nurse B.D. attended the visitation and assisted Mother with A.M.’s care, during which she

attempted to teach her how to care for A.M. Nurse B.D. testified that she explained how

to care for A.M. but questioned Mother’s cognitive ability to retain and use the information.

Nurse B.D. and A.M.’s home care nurse testified that at medical appointments, Mother

appeared to struggle to understand the medical information presented to her and how to

apply that information to A.M.’s care. Mother often looked to Mother for help when trying

to care for A.M. We note the silence in the record and arguments on appeal as to Father’s

ability to care for A.M. The record shows that Father did not attend A.M.’s appointments

to learn how to care for A.M. The care-taking burden apparently fell only to Mother.

{¶13} Nurse B.D. and her family were bonded with A.M. The child had limited

ability to communicate, but Nurse B.D. was able to understand A.M.’s communication and

respond accordingly. The foster family was interested in adopting A.M. The child had a

more limited bond with Parents, one witness testifying the bond appeared akin to a child’s

bond with their babysitter.

{¶14} In this case, the trial court was tasked to consider what was in the best

interests of this medically fragile child. The question was not only whether Parents loved

this child, but could they foster growth, stability, and security for this child with

permanently extraordinary medical needs. The trial court weighed the evidence and

considered the credibility of the witnesses to determine that it was in the best interests of

the child to be placed in the permanent custody of ACDJFS. We agree.
[Cite as In re A.M., 2024-Ohio-2389.]

{¶15} The two Assignments of Error of Appellants are overruled.

CONCLUSION

{¶16} The judgment of the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile

Division is affirmed.

By: Delaney, P.J.,

Gwin, J. and

Baldwin, J., concur.