ALUMINUM—2001 6.1

ALUMINUM

By Patricia A. Plunkert

Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Micheal George, statistical assistant, and the world production table was

prepared by Linder Roberts, international data coordinator.

In 2001, 11 domestic companies operated 23 primary

aluminum reduction plants in 14 States that produced more than

2.6 million metric tons (Mt) of metal. Montana, Oregon, and

Washington accounted for 6% of the production; Maryland,

New York, Ohio, and West Virginia, 32%; and other States,

62%. The value of production was estimated to be $4 billion.

Increased energy costs, particularly in the Pacific Northwest,

and low metal prices led several aluminum smelters to continue

to reduce production capacity during the year. By midyear,

more than 1.6 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr) of primary

smelter capacity was closed, a significant increase from the

729,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of capacity that had been

closed at yearend 2000. Only 25,000 t/yr of the 1.64 Mt/yr of

engineered capacity for the 10 smelters in the region remained

open.

Aluminum recovered from purchased scrap decreased by 14%

to 2.98 Mt. Of this recovered metal, 60% came from new

(manufacturing) scrap, and 40%, from old (discarded aluminum

products) scrap. Aluminum used beverage cans (UBCs)

accounted for more than one-half of the reported old scrap

consumption in 2001. The recycling rate for aluminum UBCs

decreased to 55.4%, compared with 62.1% in 2000.

The transportation and the container and packaging industries

remained the largest domestic markets for aluminum products in

2001. The transportation industry accounted for 35% of

domestic consumption; containers and packaging, 25%;

building and construction, 15%; consumer durables, 8%;

electrical, 7%; and other uses, 10%.

U.S. imports for consumption decreased in 2001 compared

with those of 2000. Canada remained the largest shipper of

aluminum materials to the United States, followed by Russia. 

Total exports from the United States decreased 10% in 2001.

The price of primary ingot on the domestic and the

international markets fluctuated during the year but had a

general downward trend. The 2001 monthly average domestic

spot price decreased by about 11 cents per pound from January

to December. The annual average decreased by almost 6 cents

per pound compared with that of 2000.

At the end of 2001, world inventories, as reported by the

International Aluminium Institute (IAI), decreased slightly

compared with those of 2000. Inventories of primary metal

held by the London Metal Exchange Ltd. (LME), however,

increased dramatically.

Primary aluminum was produced in 43 countries in 2001. 

Russia and China surpassed the United States as the world’s

largest producers, Russia with 14% of the world total, followed

by China with 13%. The United States and Canada each

accounted for about 11% of the total world production. Despite

a more than 1 Mt decline in U.S. output, world primary metal

production was relatively unchanged compared with that of

2000.

Production

Primary.—Domestic primary aluminum production, which

totaled a reported 2,636,954 metric tons (t), decreased by 28%

compared with that of 2000 (table 1). Production data were

obtained from the 11 domestic producers, all of whom

responded to the request from the U.S. Geological Survey

(USGS) for data.

Increased energy costs, low demand, and falling prices led

smelters in the Pacific Northwest to continue the cutbacks in

production that were begun last year. By midyear, more than

1.6 Mt/yr of capacity in Montana, Oregon, and Washington was

closed. All but 25,000 t/yr of capacity at the Goldendale, WA,

smelter was closed in the region. Most of the smelters outside

of this region were operated at or near their rated or engineered

capacity.

Columbia Falls Aluminum Co. closed the remaining two and

one-half potlines (84,000 t/yr) at its 168,000-t/yr Columbia

Falls, MT, smelter, effective the end of January. The smelter

remained closed for the rest of the year (Metal Bulletin, 2001f). 

There were several more closures announced in January. Kaiser

Aluminum & Chemical Corp. closed the remaining 90,000 t/yr

of capacity at its 200,000-t/yr Mead (Spokane), WA, smelter

(CRU Aluminium Monitor, 2001a). Alcoa Inc. announced the

closure of 80,000 t/yr of capacity at its Wenatchee, WA, smelter

(Alcoa Inc., 2001a). Alcoa also announced the closure of

70,000 t/yr of capacity at its 278,000-t/yr Intalco smelter in

Ferndale, WA (Mining Journal, 2001a). In March, Alcoa

announced an additional 70,000 t/yr closure at Ferndale (Alcoa

Inc., 2001l), and in May, the remainder of smelter was closed

(Alcoa Inc., 2001j). On February 27, Alcoa and Michigan

Avenue Partners (MAP) announced that the sale of the

Longview, WA, aluminum smelter to MAP had been completed

(Alcoa Inc., 2001e). On February 28, MAP announced the

immediate temporary closure of the 204,000-t/yr smelter (Platts

Metals Week, 2001i).

In June, Alcoa and the Chelan Public Utility District (PUD)

announced an agreement that the companies hoped would

secure future long-term power needs. Alcoa would idle its

Wenatchee smelter for approximate 15 months beginning July 1

and return the unused power to PUD. PUD would use the

revenue generated from the sale of this returned power to

acquire additional power sources for the future (Alcoa Inc.,

2001d).

Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), which supplied

most of the power to the Pacific Northwest smelters, sought

power obligation cuts from the region’s aluminum companies of

1,100 megawatts (MW) of capacity. As compensation for

curtailing production, BPA paid the companies an average of

$20 per megawatt hour of unused power (Platts Metals Week,

2001d).

Alcoa Generating Corp., a subsidiary of Alcoa, assumed
6.2 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2001

operation of the 744-MW Warrick, IN, coal-fired powerplant

from Southern Indiana Gas & Electric, which had been in

charge of the facility for more than 40 years. The onsite

powerplant supplied electricity to Alcoa’s smelting and

fabricating facilities at Warrick (Platts Metals Week, 2001c).

In April, Alcoa began restarting a potline that had been idled

since 1992 at its Warrick smelter that would have brought the

smelter to its full operating capacity of 309,000 t/yr (Platts

Metals Week, 2001p). However, on December 5, Alcoa

announced that four of the six potlines at its Warrick plant were

forced to shut down owing to power failures at the onsite

generating station. Work began immediately to bring the

affected potlines back online (Alcoa Inc., 2001n).

Century Aluminum Co. completed the acquisition of the

237,000-t/yr NSA primary aluminum smelter at Hawesville,

KY, from Southwire Co. and assumed operating and

management control of the facility. Century holds an 80% share

of the plant and Glencore AG, the remaining 20%. Southwire

continued to operate an adjacent mill that produced aluminum

rod and cable. Century entered into a long-term agreement to

supply molten aluminum metal to the Southwire mill (Century

Aluminum Co., 2001).

Alcoa signed a new 5-year labor agreement with the United

Steelworkers of America (USWA). The new contract, which

replaced the previous master contract that was scheduled to

expire on May 31, 2002, was retroactive to June 1, 2001, and

will run through May 31, 2006. It covers 12,000 employees at

19 U.S. facilities (Alcoa Inc., 2001f).

On April 6, Ormet Corp. announced the ratification of a new

contract at the Hannibal, OH, rolling mill by members of the

USWA. The new contract included increases in wage and

pension benefits over the next 4 years along with profit sharing

and achievement bonus programs. The agreement expires

August 31, 2004 (Ormet Corp., 2001a).

Alcoa announced a $90 million expansion plan for its sheet

and plate facility in Davenport, IA. The plan would increase

capacity for aerospace and tooling plate by 30% to meet

growing worldwide aerospace demand. The expansion (which

included a new state-of-the-art horizontal heat-treat furnace and

quench system, a new plate stretcher, and a new plate saw) was

expected to be completed by the end of 2002 (Alcoa Inc.,

2001h).

Alcoa also announced plans to close its Lebanon, PA, heavygauge aluminum foil rolling mill. The plant produced

automotive and appliance fin stock, brazing sheet, and formed

container stock (American Metal Market, 2001a).

Ormet announced plans to temporarily curtail production at

its Jackson, TN, foil mill. Foil production decreased from a

range of 1,100 to 1,400 metric tons per month (t/mo) (2.5 to 3

million pounds per month) to approximately 360 t/mo (800,000

pounds per month) for consumption within the company (Ormet

Corp., 2001b).

McCook Metals LLC, an aluminum sheet and plate producer

affiliated with MAP, filed for voluntary Chapter 11 bankruptcy

protection. MAP purchased the 250,000-t/yr Chicago, IL,

rolling mill from Reynolds Metals Co. in June 1998. Scottsboro

Aluminum LLC, another MAP affiliate, was forced into

involuntary Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Scottsboro Aluminum

operated a 140,000-t/yr (300-million-pound-per-year) rolling

mill in northern Alabama (Platts Metals Week, 2001b).

Ohio Valley Aluminum Co. acquired Alumnitec Inc.’s

Jeffersonville, IN, extrusion plant. The plant had three

extrusion presses—a 1,350-t 6-inch press, a 1,650-t 7-inch

press, and a 2,500-t 9-inch press—as well as a paint line (Platts

Metals Week, 2001m).

VAW AG announced plans to increase capacity at its

extrusion plants in Arizona, Florida, and New York by 25%. 

VAW planned to add a fifth extrusion press at each of these

locations whose total capacity prior to the expansions was more

than 54,000 t/yr (120 million pounds per year) (Metal Bulletin,

2001p).

However, aluminum extruder Albex Aluminum Inc.

announced that it was shutting down permanently. Albex had

provided extrusions to truck trailer manufacturers (Worden,

2001d). Also, William L Bonnell Company, Inc., announced

the closure of its El Campo, TX, aluminum extrusion plant. The

plant, which Bonnell purchased from Reynolds in 1997, had

four extrusion presses and two casting furnaces, as well as

fabricated parts production facilities (Platts Metals Week,

2001e).

Alcoa sold its Thiokol Propulsion business to Alliant

Techsystems Inc. (Alcoa Inc., 2001g). Thiokol, a supplier of

rocket propulsion systems for space launch vehicles, became

part of Alcoa with the acquisition of Cordant Technologies in

May 2000 (Alcoa Inc., 2001m).

Alcoa and BHP Billiton merged their North American metal

distribution services. The deal included Alcoa’s Richmond,

VA-based Reynolds Aluminum Supply Company (RASCO) and

Billiton’s U.S.-based Vincent Metal Goods and Canada-based

Atlas Ideal Metals. The new 50-50 joint venture company,

Integris Metals, will have more than 60 locations in 32 States

and throughout Canada (Alcoa Inc., 2001b).

Secondary.—Metal recovered from new and old scrap

decreased to 2.98 Mt in 2001 (table 3), according to data

derived by the USGS from its “Aluminum Scrap” survey. Of

the 76 companies and/or plants to which monthly or annual

survey requests were sent, 49 responded, which represented

77% of the total scrap consumed, as listed in table 4.

According to figures released by the Aluminum Association

Inc., the Can Manufacturers Institute, and the Institute of Scrap

Recycling Industries, 55.6 billion aluminum UBCs were

recycled in the United States in 2001, for a beverage can

recycling rate of 55.4%. For 20 out of the past 21 years, the rate

has exceeded 50% (Aluminum Association Inc., 2002a).

In response to increased energy costs, lower demand, and

excess supply, several secondary aluminum companies

announced closures during the year. Delta Group closed its

3,200-t/mo (7-million-pound-per-month) Muskegon, WI,

smelter (Platts Metals Week, 2001l).

Wabash Alloys LLC announced several plant closures and

consolidations during the year. The 3,200-t/mo (7-millionpound-per-month) secondary alloy plant in Checotah, OK, was

closed at the end of February, and production was cut by onehalf at the 5,670-t/mo (12.5-million-pound-per-month) Guelph,

Ontario, plant. The Russelville, AL, alloy plant with an annual

capacity of approximately 32,000 t (70 million pounds) of A380

alloy, was closed in April and was expected to remain closed for

about 2 years. The Oak Creek alloy plant near Milwaukee, WI,

which had a rated capacity of about 5,000 t/mo (11 million

pounds per month) of secondary aluminum alloys, was also

closed in April. One of two furnaces at the company’s

Cleveland facility was taken down, decreasing alloy production

capacity by about 2,200 t/mo (5 million pounds per month)

(Platts Metals Week, 2001n). Wabash also announced plans to
ALUMINUM—2001 6.3

close its Bellwood, VA, deoxidized aluminum plant and the

aluminum foundry and diecasting plant in Syracuse, NY, in

2002. The Bellwood plant had a nameplate capacity of 6,400

t/mo (14 million pounds per month) of aluminum deox, nearly

one-half of the total U.S. capacity (Worden, 2001f). The 6,400-

t/mo (14- million-pound-per-month) Syracuse plant could be

reopened if warranted by future demand (Platts Metals Week,

2001o).

West Coast secondary smelters also faced difficult times

during the year. Tri-Alloys Inc., a specification alloy producer

in Montclair, CA, operated just one of its two furnaces. A

similar 50% capacity reduction reportedly was in effect at Vista

Metals Corp.’s Fontana, CA, facility. Two of the three furnaces

at Timco/Tandem Co., also in Fontana, CA, were idled. At

another smelter, Liston Aluminum Co. in Corona, CA, alloy

production had been halted and toll conversion of UBCs

substituted (Worden, 2001e). By the end of the year, Liston had

filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection from its creditors

(Worden, 2001b).

Indalex Aluminum Solutions Group announced the permanent

closure of its 102,000-t/yr (225-million-pound-per-year)

secondary aluminum billet casting facility in Ahoskie, NC. The

plant remelted scrap aluminum, mostly painted aluminum

extrusion scrap, and cast it into secondary billet for use by

extruders. Indalex also announced a postponement in the

construction of a new casting facility in Toronto, Canada, and a

delay in the reopening of its Rockwell, TX, cast house. The

company cited a slowdown in demand as part of the reason for

its decisions (Platts Metals Week, 2001g).

Minerva Aluminum Co. Inc. (Minalco), however, increased

capacity at its Minerva, OH, specification aluminum alloy plant. 

The installation of two additional furnaces increased capacity to

76,200 t/yr (168 million pounds per year) of product, mostly

356 alloys (Worden, 2001c).

Norsk Hydro ASA changed the name of its North American

operations to Hydro Aluminum Products-North America

(Hamp-N.A.). Hamp-N.A. included the newly completed

remelt plant in Henderson, KY, a light metals research and

development facility in Michigan, Wells Aluminum (acquired in

1999), and the recent investment in a new aluminum casthouse

in Venezuela (American Metal Market, 2001g). In September,

Hamp-N.A. announced plans to build a second remelt plant in

Commerce, TX. The new 90,000-t/yr plant would use the same

technology as the Henderson facility (Metal Bulletin, 2001j).

Wise Alloys LLC announced the planned closure of its

Sheffield, AL, plant, which primarily applied coating to can

stock and food containers. All coating will be done at the

company’s Lister Hill plant in Muscle Shoals, AL, which is

undergoing a $30 million modernization. The Lister hill rolling

mill produces about 450,000 t/yr (1 billion pounds per year) of

aluminum can sheet from UBCs (Platts Metals Week, 2001q). 

In November, an 80% interest in Wise Alloys was purchased by

D’Addario Industries (Worden, 2001a).

Consumption

In 2001, the transportation industry accounted for slightly

more that 3 Mt of total U.S. shipments of aluminum products

(table 6). Shipments to the container and packaging industry,

which was the second largest domestic end-use market, was 2.2

Mt. Total shipments of aluminum products to domestic users in

2001 decreased 12% compared with that of 2000.

Automotive applications for aluminum increased by 4.5 to 5.4

kilograms (kg) (10 to 12 pounds) per vehicle. The average new

family vehicle contained about 116 kg (256 pounds) of finished

aluminum components. Casting alloys, such as A319, A380,

and A356, dominated the gains in unit content because most of

the automakers’ new and expanding applications involved parts

in the engines, drivelines, and suspension systems that are best

served by castings (Wrigley, 2001c).

Despite this increase in per unit content of aluminum, several

suppliers to the automotive industry were forced to close their

operations. Hayes Lemmerz International Inc., one of the

world’s largest manufacturers of aluminum and steel automotive

wheels, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Hayes said

that it could be forced to close more plants than the two that had

been announced—Petersburg, MI, and Bowling Green, KY. 

Twenty-two U.S. plants and one facility in Mexico were part of

the bankruptcy filling. The company has 46 plants and half a

dozen joint ventures globally, but facilities outside of North

America were not included in the petition (Wrigley, 2001a).

American Racing Equipment (ARE), a wholly owned

subsidiary of Noranda Inc., closed its Warsaw, KY,

manufacturing facility and transferred the plant’s production to

other facilities within the company. Noranda cited the weak

economic conditions and excess wheel industry capacity as

reasons for its decision. ARE’s other facilities are in Rancho

Dominguez, CA, Gardena, CA, and Querétaro, Mexico

(Noranda Inc., 2001b).

Intermet Corp. announced the closure of Alexander City

Casting Co. The Alabama facility produced automotive

components by lost foam casting for Ford Motor Co., General

Motors Corp., and Daimler Chrysler AG (Wrigley, 2001b).

The slowdown in the U.S. economy also affected the

beverage can industry. Rexam PLC, which entered the U.S.

beverage can market following its acquisition of American

National Can in the summer of 2000, closed its Houston, TX,

(Rexam PLC, 2001a) and Brunswick, NJ, beverage can

manufacturing plants. According to the company, the closures

were designed to balance capacity and demand in the U.S.

beverage can market (Rexam PLC, 2001b).

Ball Corp. announced plans to close its aluminum beverage

can manufacturing plant in Moultrie, GA. The 20-year-old

plant had two production lines capable of producing about 1

billion cans per year (Ball Corp., 2001a).

Coors Brewing Company and Ball Corp. signed an agreement

for the manufacture and supply of approximately 4.5 billion

aluminum beverage cans and ends used by Coors annually. The

new 50-50 joint venture, Rocky Mountain Metal Container,

LLC, will operate Coors existing can and end facilities in

Golden, CO (Ball Corp., 2001b).

The transportation and packaging industries account for about

one-half of the world’s aluminum consumption, whereas about

20% of production goes into the building and construction

sector, principally as sheet and extrusions. Aluminum

consumption has grown significantly over the past 50 years and

has been fueled in part by growth in the building and

construction industry. In Europe alone, consumption of

aluminum for construction has risen from over 100,000 t/yr in

1960 to more than 1.5 Mt/yr in 2000. Exterior building

applications include curtain walling, window frames, exterior

cladding (siding) and roofing, greenhouses and conservatories,

scaffolding and ladders, and more recently the supporting

frames for solar panels. Interior uses include partitions, cast
6.4 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2001

door handles, staircases, and heating and air-conditioning

systems (Metal Bulletin Monthly, 2001b).

Stocks

Domestic inventories of aluminum ingot, mill products, and

scrap held by U.S. producers decreased to 1.30 Mt at yearend

2001 from 1.55 Mt at yearend 2000 (Aluminum Association

Inc., 2002b). The LME reported, however, that primary

aluminum metal ingot at its U.S. warehouses increased

dramatically to 28,500 t at yearend 2001 from a mere 125 t at

yearend 2000. The LME also reported that at yearend 2001 its

U.S. warehouses still did not hold any stocks of aluminum alloy

ingot (London Metal Exchange Ltd., 2001).

Prices

The monthly average U.S. market price of primary aluminum

metal, as reported by Platts Metals Week, fluctuated throughout

the year but had a general downward trend. The monthly

average price began the year at 75.2 cents per pound and, by

December, had fallen to 64.1 cents per pound. The average

price for the year decreased from 74.6 cents per pound in 2000

to 68.8 cents per pound in 2001.

The LME average monthly cash price for high-grade primary

aluminum ingot and the average monthly spot settlement price

for primary aluminum ingot on the Commodity Exchange

(COMEX) followed the same general downward trend as the

U.S. market price. The 2001 average annual LME cash price

was 65.5 cents per pound. The COMEX monthly average spot

settlement price declined from 74.8 cents per pound in January

to 64.3 cents per pound in December.

Purchase prices for aluminum scrap, as quoted by American

Metal Market, also fluctuated during the year. The yearend

price ranges for selected types of aluminum scrap were as

follows: mixed low-copper-content aluminum clips, 44 to 45

cents per pound; old sheet and cast aluminum, 41 to 42 cents

per pound; and clean, dry aluminum turnings, 40.5 to 41.5 cents

per pound.

Aluminum producers’ buying price range for processed and

delivered UBCs, as quoted by American Metal Market, closed

lower at yearend. The price range began the year at 53 to 54

cents per pound and closed the year at 44 to 45 cents per pound. 

Resource Recycling published a monthly transaction price for

aluminum UBCs in its Container Recycling Report. During the

year, the monthly average decreased significantly from 56.6

cents per pound in January to 46.3 cents per pound in

December. The annual average price for aluminum UBCs

decreased from 57.7 cents per pound in 2000 to 50.2 cents per

pound in 2001.

The yearend indicator prices for selected secondary aluminum

ingots, as published in American Metal Market, also decreased

compared with those at the end of 2000. The closing prices for

2001 were as follows: alloy B380 (1% zinc content), 68.2 cents

per pound; alloy A360 (0.6% copper content), 71 cents per

pound; alloy A413 (0.6% copper content), 70.9 cents per pound;

and alloy 319, 70 cents per pound. Platts Metals Week

published an annual average U.S. price of 63.5 cents per pound

for A380 alloy (3% zinc content). The average annual LME

cash price for a similar A380 alloy was 53.2 cents per pound.

Trade

Total exports of aluminum materials from the United States

decreased 10% in 2001 compared with those of 2000 (table 8). 

Exports of crude metals and alloys and semifabricated material

decreased but exports of scrap increased slightly compared with

those of 2000 (table 9). About two-thirds of total U.S. exports

were accounted for by Canada and Mexico.

For the second consecutive year, imports for consumption

decreased compared with those of the previous year (table 10). 

Canada remained the major source country by supplying almost

two-thirds of the total imports in 2001 (table 11). Russia

continued to be the second largest supplier of aluminum

materials.

World Review

Despite the temporary closure of production capacity in the

Pacific Northwest region of the United States, world production

of primary aluminum metal remained relatively stable in 2001

compared with that of 2000 (table 12). Production losses in the

United States were offset by increased production in other areas

of the world, most notably Canada, China, and Mozambique

where new production capacity continued to be brought

onstream.

Unwrought aluminum inventories held by members of the IAI

decreased slightly to 1.74 Mt at yearend 2001 from 1.79 Mt at

yearend 2000. Unwrought aluminum is defined by the IAI as

aluminum in its basic cast form made from primary metal or

from scrap and which is unworked in the metallurgical sense. 

IAI total aluminum inventories decreased to 3.02 Mt at yearend

2001 from 3.09 Mt at yearend 2000. Total aluminum is

unwrought aluminum plus unprocessed scrap, metal in process,

and finished semifabricated (mill) products (International

Aluminium Institute, 2002).

Yearend 2001 inventories of primary aluminum metal held by

the LME increased dramatically to 821,000 t from 322,000 t at

yearend 2000. Aluminum alloy inventories increased also to

121,000 t at yearend 2001 from 88,000 t at yearend 2000

(London Metal Exchange Ltd., 2001).

Industry merger.—On June 29, BHP Limited (BHP) and

Billiton Plc (Billiton) announced the completion of their merger

to form a diversified resources group to be known as BHP

Billiton. BHP Billiton has grouped its major operating assets

into the following “Customer Sector Groups” (CSG): 

Aluminium, Base Metals, Carbon Steel Materials, Stainless

Steel Materials, Thermal (Steaming) Coal, Petroleum, and Steel

(BHP Billiton, 2001a). The Aluminium CSG contains the

aluminum assets formerly held by Billiton. The bauxite mining

operations include a 14.8% share in Mineraçao Rio do Norte

(MRN) in Brazil, a 76% share in Billiton Maatschappij

Suriname (BMS) in Suriname, and an 86% interest in the

Worsley bauxite mine in Australia. Alumina refining assets of

BHP Billiton comprise a 36% interest in the Alumar refinery in

Brazil, a 45% interest in the BMS refinery in Surname, and an

86% share in the Worsley refinery in Australia. Aluminum

metal production assets include the wholly owned Bayside and

Hillside smelters in South Africa, a 46% interest in both the

Alumar and Valesul smelters in Brazil, and a 47.6% share in the

Mozambique Aluminium Co. (Mozal) smelter in Mozambique. 

The attributable annual production capacity from these facilities

was approximately 4 Mt of alumina and 1 Mt of aluminum
ALUMINUM—2001 6.5

(Billiton Plc, 2001, p. 21-22).

Armenia.—Russky Aluminy (Russian Aluminium (RusAl))

increased its equity in the Armenal foil mill in Yerevan from

44% to 74%. The remainder of the company is held by the

employees (7%) and the Ministry of Industry (19%) (Interfax

Mining & Metals Report, 2001b). Voest-Alpine

Industrieanlagenbau reportedly signed a contract with Armenal

to upgrade six foil rolling mills at the plant. Upon completion

of the upgrade, production was expected to triple (Interfax

Mining & Metals Report, 2001c).

Australia.—Privately owned Aldoga Aluminium Pty. Ltd.

announced a proposal to build a 500,000-t/yr smelter near

Gladstone in Queensland. The $1.65 billion smelter was

expected to use Alcoa technology. Aldoga reportedly had

agreements in place with local generators to provide 850 MW of

generating capacity for the project. Environmental impact

studies as well as engineering and design work was expected to

be completed in 2002 (Platts Metal Week, 2001j).

Comalco Limited has begun an environmental impact study

on the possible expansion of its 450,000-t/yr Boyne Island

smelter to 600,000 t/yr. If a decision is made to proceed with

the expansion, the additional capacity was not expected to come

onstream until late in the decade (American Metal Market,

2001d).

VAW announced plans to spend about $50 million on

improvements at its 150,000-t/yr Kurri Kurri smelter in New

South Wales. The upgrade of the existing pots was expected to

reduce costs and emissions and to raise product quality. VAW

was also considering the addition of a fourth potline, which

would increase annual capacity at the smelter by 100,000 t. The

company stated that the decision to expand would be dependent

on the availability of a long-term, competitive electric power

supply (Metal Bulletin, 2001q).

Capral Aluminium Limited closed its Granville remelt facility

in Sydney, which recycled aluminum scrap from the company’s

extrusion plants throughout Australia. The scrap generated at

these plants would be sold to other remelt operations (Metal

Bulletin, 2001d).

Bahrain.—Aluminium Bahrain (Alba) will expand

production at its 500,000-t/yr primary aluminum smelter to

750,000 t/yr, making Alba one of the largest single-site smelters

in the world. The $1.7 billion project includes the construction

of a fifth potline, a new power station, a casthouse and carbon

department, as well as fume treatment plants, raw material silos,

a road network, and various utilities and services. Construction,

which could begin in the first half of 2002, was expected to take

33 months to complete, with the first metal being produced after

28 months (Aluminium Bahrain, 2001).

Bosnia and Herzegovina.—In October, Aluminijj d.d.

Mostar put into operation 10 fully upgraded electrolytic cells at

its 92,000-t/yr smelter, marking the start of a modernization

project that was scheduled for completion in 2002. All 256

cells at the smelter will be converted from side-worked cells to

center-worked point feeder cells increasing capacity by 6,000

t/yr. Operating the cells at a higher amperage would increase

capacity by an additional 16,000 t/yr, bringing the final smelter

capacity to 114,000 t/yr upon completion of the project (Metal

Bulletin Monthly, 2001a).

Brazil.—Drought conditions forced the Brazilian government

to impose electricity rationing on the country’s high-energyconsuming industries, including the aluminum industry. 

Smelters in the southeast and northeast were subject to a 25%

reduction in electricity consumption beginning June 1, while

those in the north were subject to similar rationing on July 1. 

As a result, temporary curtailments in production were

announced at aluminum smelters throughout the country

(American Metal Market, 2001b).

Alcoa reduced production at its 90,000-t/yr Poços de Caldas

smelter by 25%, or 22,500 t/yr, on June 1 and another 22,500

t/yr on September 4. Production at the 370,000-t/yr Alumar

smelter in São Luis was cut by 63,000 t/yr on July 1 and an

additional 29,500 t/yr on September 4 (Alcoa Inc., 2001i).

Alcan Inc. announced production cuts at its two smelters on

June 1—7,900 t at its 51,000-t/yr Ouro Preto smelter and 8,100

t at its 58,000-t/yr smelter in Aratu (Metal Bulletin, 2001a).

Cia Brasileira de Alumínio (CBA) reported that production at

its 240,000-t/yr smelter at Sao Paulo was reduced by 30,000 t/yr

on June 1 (Platts Metals Week, 2001f).

Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD) reported that the

company would reduce power usage at its 369,000-t/yr

Alumínio Brasileiro S.A. (Albrás) smelter by 15.6% on July 1,

resulting in a 31,000-t drop in production for the year (Platts

Metals Week, 2001a). An additional reduction of 10,000 t,

which took effect in August, reduced power consumption at the

smelter by a total of 25% (Metal Bulletin, 2001c). CVRD also

announced a 25% cut in production at its 94,000-t/yr Valesul

smelter (CRU Aluminium Monitor, 2001b).

In December, CVRD inaugurated a 45,000-t/yr expansion at

its Albrás smelter. Work on the $55 million expansion, which

began early in 2001, was completed in October, but was not

brought onstream because of the energy rationing policy. The

expansion increased capacity at the plant to 406,000 t/yr making

it the largest aluminum smelter in Brazil (American Metal

Market, 2001c).

Canada.—Alcan launched festivities marking the 100th

anniversary of the first aluminum casting in Canada by donating

the buildings where the historic event took place to the

Corporation de la Cité de l’Énergie, a non-profit organization

dedicated to promoting the industrial history of the region. 

Aluminum was cast for the first time at Shawinigan, Québec, on

October 22, 1901. The original facilities comprised an

aluminum smelter and a cable mill (Alcan Inc., 2001e). On

March 1, Alcan Aluminium Limited changed its legal company

name to Alcan Inc. (Alcan Inc., 2001c).

Preliminary studies have begun on two new aluminum

smelter projects. KAI Technology & Development (KTD) is

finishing a pre-feasibility/feasibility study for a 360,000-t/yr

smelter in Port Alberni near Vancouver, British Columbia. The

estimated capital cost was $1.5 billion, and the project

reportedly would use KTD 160 thousand amp (kA) prebake

technology (Regan, 2001a). Alcoa has signed a letter of intent

with the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador to conduct a

feasibility study on the construction of a hydro-electric

powerplant on the Churchill River and an aluminum smelter that

would use a portion of the plant’s power (Regan, 2001b).

Because of low water levels in the Nechako reservoir and

subsequent power shortages, Alcan reduced production at its

275,000-t/yr Kitimat, British Columbia, aluminum smelter by

50% over the course of the year (Alcan Inc. 2001b).

Alcan announced several closures and divestments as part of

its restructuring plans. Alcan sold its Palco foil container plant

in Madrid to Aliberico SA of Spain and 12 presses for smooth

wall containers in Ohle, Germany to Alupak AG of Switzerland. 

These transactions were part of the divestment requirements
6.6 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2001

imposed by the European Commission as a condition to its

approval of the merger between Alcan and Alusuisse Group

Ltd. in October 2000 (Alcan Inc., 2001d).

In addition, Alcan’s foil fabrication plant in St. Laurent,

Québec, was scheduled to close and transfer its operations to the

company’s foil fabrication plant in Toronto. The food flexible

packaging plant in Toronto would be consolidated with the

Weston, Ontario, plant. The food flexible plant in Carson, CA,

was scheduled for closure. Extrusion operations in Malaysia

and Thailand were expected to be sold in 2002. Alcan signed

letters of intent to sell its glass packaging operations in Park

Hills, MO, and in Mays Landing, Williamstown, and Millville,

NJ, as well as its 46%-owned joint venture in Beijing, China, to

Stölzle Oberglas, an Austrian packaging manufacturer. Alcan

also agreed to sell its two Pharmatech rubber stopper and

aluminum seals operation in Salisbury, MD, to Helvoet Pharma

of Belgium (Alcan Inc., 2001a).

Chile.—Proyecto Alumysa Ltda., an affiliate of Noranda Inc.,

filed an Environmental Impact Study with the Environmental

National Commission of Region XI, in southern Chile, for the

construction of an aluminum smelter and its related

hydroelectric facilities. The smelter was expected to have an

annual capacity of 400,000 t (Noranda Inc., 2001a).

China.—Alcoa announced that it had finalized an agreement

for a strategic alliance with Aluminum Corporation of China

Limited (Chalco). Under the agreement, Alcoa and Chalco

formed a 50-50 joint venture at Chalco’s facilities in Pingguo

and have agreed to increase capacity at both the refinery and

smelter. There were plans to expand the 135,000-t/yr smelter

by 220,000 t/yr, which would bring total capacity at the smelter

to 355,000 t/yr by 2006 (Alcoa Inc., 2001c).

The Qingtongxia Aluminium Smelter in Ningxia reported the

completion of a 200 kA potline that more than doubled its

annual capacity from 100,000 t to 240,000 t. Initial output at

the plant increased to 140,000 t/yr. Production will be

increased gradually to reach full capacity (Wong, 2001).

Lanzhou Aluminium Plant completed a 120,000-t/yr

expansion project that increased capacity at its smelter in Gansu

to 205,000 t/yr. Increased production will be phased in over

2002 (Platts Metals Week, 2001h).

Novar plc, the parent company of Indalex, acquired 25% of

China Aluminum Group, Asia’s largest producer of aluminum

extrusions. The acquisition reportedly strengthened Indalex’s

manufacturing and marketing capabilities and broadened its

range of specialty extrusion, fabrication, and finishing products. 

Company officials said that the combined companies would

become the world’s second largest aluminum extruder (Indalex

Aluminum Solutions Group, 2001).

France.—Pechiney was considering the possibility of

building a new 450,000- to 500,000-t/yr smelter using its AP50

technology. Sites under consideration were Argentina,

Australia, and South Africa, all of which had the potential to

provide a cheap power source (Lauchlan, 2001). The AP50

technology is a higher amperage (500 kA per cell) development

of the company’s AP30 technology (Mining Journal, 2001f). 

The projected aluminum production capacity of one AP50

potline is 460,000 t/yr (Lauchlan, 2001).

Iceland.—On June 11, production began at the 30,000-t/yr

expansion of the Nordic Aluminum (Nordural) smelter in

Grundartangi. The expansion increased production capacity at

the smelter to 90,000 t/yr (Nordic Aluminum, 2001).

India.—The Government of India sold a 51% interest in

Bharat Aluminum Co. (Balco) to Sterlite Industries. Balco’s

Korba complex consists of a 100,000-t/yr aluminum smelter, a

200,000-t/yr alumina refinery, and a 40,000-t/yr rolling mill. 

Following the announcement of the sale, workers walked off the

job at the Korba complex (Mining Journal, 2001d), and molten

metal froze in all of the smelter’s 408 pots. Ten weeks later,

workers returned to their jobs. However, full production was

not restored at the smelter until December (Metal Bulletin,

2001e).

Hindalco Industries Limited commissioned the ninth potline

at its 242,000-t/yr Renukoot smelter, adding 33,000 t/yr of

capacity. Hindalco expected to complete the 100,000-t/yr

expansion by the end of 2003, at which time the smelter’s total

annual capacity would reach 342,000 t (Metal Bulletin, 2001g).

Indian Aluminum Co. Ltd. (Indal) announced that it would

increase capacity at its Hirakud aluminum smelter to 60,000 t/yr

by moving 200 pots from its Belgaum smelter in Karnataka,

which was closed in 1995. Some 44 pots were moved from

Belgaum to Hirakud in 1998 raising capacity from 25,000 t/yr

to 31,000 t/yr (Mining Journal, 2001e).

Iran.—Almahdi Aluminum Corp.’s primary aluminum

smelter at Bandar Abbas failed to reach its full production

capability as originally expected (Plunkert, 2002, p. 6.7). 

Funding problems reportedly slowed progress at the 110,000-

t/yr smelter (Mining Journal, 2001c).

Korea, Republic of.—Alcoa purchased Dooray Air Metals

Co. Ltd.’s aluminum extrusion assets in Changwon. The

Changwon facility produces hard alloy extrusions for the

industrial, transportation, defense, and aerospace industries. It

is the only facility in Korea capable of producing aerospace

hard alloy extrusion products (Alcoa Inc., 2001k).

Mexico.—IMCO Recycling Inc. formed a joint venture with

Reciclaje y Maquila, S.A. de C.V. to recycle aluminum drosses

and other scrap under a contract with Nemak, S.A. The facility,

located next to Nemak’s cylinder head foundry in Monterrey,

was expected to have an annual capacity of 450,000 t (1 billion

pounds) of aluminum and molten metal delivery capability. The

joint venture is known as IMCO Reciclaje de Nuevo Leon S. de

R.L. de C.V. (IMCO Recycling Inc., 2001).

Mozambique.—The joint owners of Mozal announced plans

to expand their primary aluminum smelter near Maputo. The

$860 million project (Mozal 2) will double capacity at the

253,000-t/yr smelter to 506,000 t/yr. Ownership of Mozal 2 has

been aligned with that of Mozal 1 with BHP Billiton holding a

47.11% interest; Mitsubishi Corp. of Japan, 25%; Industrial

Development Corp. of South Africa, 24.04%; and the

Government of Mozambique, 3.85%. Construction began in

June and commissioning of the additional potline was scheduled

for late 2003, with full production expected 6 months later

(BHP Billiton, 2001b).

Netherlands.—SNC-Lavalin signed a services agreement

with Pechiney to provide project engineering and construction

management services for the modernization of the Vlissingen

primary aluminum smelter. Pechiney expected the

modernization program, scheduled for completion in late 2003,

to increase capacity at the 175,000-t/yr smelter by 25% (Mining

Journal, 2001b).

New Zealand.—Drought conditions and rising electricity

prices forced Comalco New Zealand to decrease production at

its 330,000-t/yr Tiwai Point primary aluminum smelter by 5.7%

resulting in an annual production loss of about 19,000 t (Metal

Bulletin, 2001m, n).
ALUMINUM—2001 6.7

Norway.—Elkem ASA approved the acquisition by Alcoa of

additional shares in the company. The purchase increased

Alcoa’s stake in Elkem to 39.5% (Metal Bulletin, 2001t).

Norsk Hydro started operating the new cold rolling and

slitting system at its Holmestrand rolling mill. The new system

produces thinner aluminum coil and will enable the company to

supply the automotive heat transfer sector. Production capacity

at Holmestrand, which uses secondary aluminum, increased

from just over 70,000 t/yr to 90,000 t/yr (Metal Bulletin, 2001i). 

Poland.—Austrian-based trading group Hovis GmbH bought

the 50,000-t/yr Alumetal secondary aluminum smelter from

Grupa Kety. The smelter produced casting alloys for the

automotive industry and deox ingot for Polish steelmakers

(Metal Bulletin, 2001h).

Russia.—As part of an ongoing modernization project,

RusAL commissioned 64 new anodes at its 800,000-t/yr

Krasnoyarsk smelter. This conversion of one-half of a bake insitu potline to new pre-bake technology increased high-grade

aluminum production capacity at the smelter by 20,000 t/yr

(Interfax Mining & Metals Report, 2001a).

JSC Volkov and JSC Pikalevo completed their merger and

formed a new joint-stock company, JSC Metallurg. The merger

of the 25,000-t/yr Volkov smelter and the 268,000-t/yr Pikalevo

refinery was more of an internal corporate restructuring than a

joining of separate groups since both companies were owned by

the same proprietors (Metal Bulletin, 2001s).

In July, SUAL Holding announced the acquisition of the

140,000-t/yr Volgograd smelter. Earlier in the year, SUAL

acquired a 37% interest in the 68,000-t/yr Nadvoitsky smelter

(American Metal Market, 2001i).

RusAl appointed SNC-Lavalin to prepare a feasibility study

for the possible expansion of its Sayansk primary aluminum

smelter. The expansion project reportedly would increase

capacity at the smelter to 660,000 t/yr from 400,000 t/yr (Platts

Metals Week, 2001k).

Slovakia.—Norsk Hydro and the European Bank for

Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) acquired a

controlling interest in the 110,000-t/yr Slovalco aluminum

smelter in Zar-Nad-Hronom. Norsk Hydro and EBRD

purchased 40.8% of the outstanding shares of stock from the

state-owned holding company, Zavod Slovenskeho Narodneho

Povstania (ZSNP) for $76.5 million, giving each company 40%

of the voting shares of Slovalco. ZSNP retained the remaining

20% of the shares. The deal also gives Norsk Hydro the option

to take over EBRD’s shares prior to the end of 2006. Slovalco

embarked on an $80 million expansion project. Based on Norsk

Hydro’s potroom technology, HAL230, the project was

expected to add 37,000 t/yr of capacity. Upon completion in

2004, capacity at the smelter would increase to 155,000 t/yr

(Norsk Hydro ASA, 2001).

Sweden.—Sapa AB reached an agreement on the sale of its

aluminum foil rolling operations to Pechiney and Comital SpA

for $131 million. Pechiney purchased the Dudelange plant in

Luxembourg and the Flemalle facility in Belgium, which have a

combined production capacity of 50,000 t/yr. Italy’s Comital

acquired the rolling mill located in Skultana, Sweden (American

Metal Market, 2001h).

Elkem acquired a controlling interest in Sapa, representing

35.7% of issued shares and votes in the company (Elkem ASA,

2001).

Thailand.—The increased demand for aluminum in

automotive applications for both the domestic and export

markets prompted the expansion of aluminum facilities in

Thailand. MC Aluminum (Thailand) announced the installation

of a new furnace at its secondary smelter in Chachengsao. 

Capacity at the smelter, which produced aluminum alloys for

castings, increased to 20,000 t/yr. MC Aluminum (Thailand) is

owned by MC Aluminum (Japan), 45%; Enkai Corp., one of

Japan’s largest manufacturers of cast aluminum auto and

motorbike wheels, 40%; and Mitsubishi Corp., 15% (Metal

Bulletin, 2001k).

Muang-Max (Thailand) doubled the capacity of its extrusion

plant to 360 t/mo. The plant produced extruded aluminum tubes

for heat exchangers used in automotive air conditioning

systems. Muang-Max (Thailand) is owned by Mitsubishi

Aluminum, 33%; MALC-Thailand, 17%; Muang-Thong

Aluminum Industry, 34%; and 8% each by Mitsubishi Corp.

and THAI-MC (Metal Bulletin, 2001l).

Turkey.—Eti Holdings announced a $300 million

modernization project at its 60,000-t/yr primary aluminum

smelter. Upon completion, capacity at the Seydisehir smelter

would increase to 110,000 t/yr (Mining Journal, 2001g).

Ukraine.—The Ukrainian high court overturned the sale of

the Government’s 68% interest in the Zaporozhye Aluminum

Works (ZALK) to Kremenchug Auto Works (Kraz) Foreign

Trade Company, which had been announced late last year

(Plunkert, 2002, p. 6.9). The State Property Fund then signed

an agreement with AvtoVAZ-Invest whereby AvtoVAZ-Invest

would purchase 68% of ZALK for $70 million, as well as

assuming the plant’s debt and agreeing to undertake a $200

million, 5-year modernization program. The modernization

program would increase capacity at the 110,000-t/yr smelter to

200,000 t/yr. The State planned to retain a 25% stake in the

smelter and the employees held the remaining 7%. AvtoVAZInvest was a joint venture between Russian auto maker

AvtoVAZ and trader Arlan and reportedly was backed by

Russia’s Vnesheconombank (Metal Bulletin, 2001o).

United Kingdom.—Pechiney acquired British Aluminum

Specialty Extrusions from Luxfer Holdings Plc. The plant,

which operated three extrusion presses with a combined

capacity of 10,000 t/yr, manufactured hard alloy aluminum

extrusions for transportation and general engineering

applications (Pechiney, 2001).

Later in the year, Luxfer agreed to purchase an aluminum

gas-cylinder manufacturing facility from Pechiney. The French

facility, Societe Metallurgique de Gerzat, reportedly produced

400,000 high-pressure cylinders per year. High-pressure

aluminum cylinder uses include fire extinguishers, breathing

apparatus, diving equipment, medical and industrial gases,

beverage dispensers, and, in recent years, paint-ball guns

(American Metal Market, 2001f).

IMCO announced plans to build a $7.4 million aluminum

scrap and dross recovery plant in Warrington. The new plant

would be used to recover aluminum from dross and other

production residues generated at Alcan’s aluminum UBC plant

also located in Warrington. Plans called for the new plant to

use a gas-fired tilting rotary furnace and to produce about

35,000 t/yr of secondary aluminum (American Metal Market,

2001e).

Venezuela.—Corporación Venezolana de Guayana (CVG)

announced the restart of production on Potline 1 at its

Aluminios del Caroni, S.A. (Alcasa) aluminum smelter. 

Potlines 1 and 2, which were taken offline in 1998, are being

modernized and should be fully operational by mid-2002. 
6.8 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2001

Glencore AG, which is investing $16 million in the project, will

be reimbursed with metal produced by the two lines over the

next 2 years. The reactivation of these lines, each with a

capacity of 25,000 t/yr, will increase capacity at the smelter to

210,000 t/yr (Metal Bulletin, 2001b).

CVG also announced that it had undertaken the administrative

unbundling of its four aluminum sector companies—Alcasa,

Industria Venezolana de Aluminio C.A. (Venalum), CVG

Bauxilum C.A. (Bauxilum), and CVG Carbones del Orinoco

C.A. (Carbonorca). Corporación Aluminios de Venezuela

(Cavsa), the state-owned holding company that was formed in

1997 to facilitate the sale of these companies as a single block,

was dissolved at the end of the year. The four companies will

continue to be state-owned through CVG but would revert to

the management structures they had prior to 1997 (Kinch,

2001).

Vietnam.—Vietnam National Mineral Corp. (Vimico)

announced plans to construct a 73,000-t/yr primary aluminum

smelter in Lam Dong Province. Plans originally called for a

100,000-t/yr smelter but were scaled back because of tight

energy supplies. Pechiney was expected to provide

technological support for the $600 million project (Metal

Bulletin, 2001r).

Current Research and Technology

Alcoa announced that a new technology for the treatment of

spent potliners has been approved by the Environmental

Protection Authority of Victoria, Australia. The Alcoa Portland

SPL Process reportedly renders harmless what has been

classified as a hazardous waste in many countries including the

United States. The process produces aluminum fluoride and a

granulated vitreous material referred to as “synthetic sand.” 

The aluminum fluoride can be used in the aluminum smelting

process and the synthetic sand has been approved for use in

commercial applications such as roadmaking and concrete

(Alcoa Inc., 2001o).

Outlook

The world aluminum market continued to be in an oversupply

situation during the first half of 2002. By mid-June, inventories

on the LME had risen to more than 1.2 Mt. Aluminum demand

was showing some signs of increasing but did not appear to be

high enough to draw down inventories and to absorb the

production from new and/or previously idled capacity that was

coming onstream.

Demand is expected to increase over the next few years as the

world economies begin to grow. If announced expansion plans

are completed, then supply should be adequate to meet the

anticipated growth in demand.

References Cited

Alcan Inc., 2001a, Alcan announces additional restructuring measures and the

sale of glass and Pharmatech packaging assets: Montreal, Alcan Inc. press

release, December 19, 2 p.

Alcan Inc., 2001b, Alcan further reduces aluminum production at Kitimat, sales

of additional power allow Alcan to avoid layoffs: Montreal, Alcan Inc. press

release, June 8, 2 p.

Alcan Inc., 2001c, Alcan Inc.—New name for global leader in aluminum and

packaging: Montreal, Alcan Inc. press release, February 19, 1 p.

Alcan Inc., 2001d, Alcan Inc. sells certain foil container manufacturing assets: 

Zurich, Alcan Inc. press release, May 30, 1 p.

Alcan Inc., 2001e, Launch of festivities celebrating the 100th anniversary of the

first aluminum casting in Canada: Shawinigan, Canada, Alcan Inc. press

release, July 5, 2 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001a, Alcoa adjusts power delivery to its two smelters in the Pacific

Northwest, cuts production: Pittsburgh, Alcoa Inc. press release, January 5, 1

p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001b, Alcoa and BHP Billiton complete merger of North American

distribution businesses: Pittsburgh and Melbourne, Australia, Alcoa Inc.

press release, November 1, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001c, Alcoa and Chalco form strategic alliance: Pittsburgh, Alcoa

Inc. press release, November 6, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001d, Alcoa and Chelan PUD reach agreement in principle for

long-term power for the Wenatchee smelter: Pittsburgh, PA, and Wenatchee,

WA, Alcoa Inc. press release, June 13, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001e, Alcoa and Michigan Avenue Partners complete sale of

Longview smelter: Pittsburgh and Chicago, Alcoa Inc. press release,

February 27, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001f, Alcoa announces new five-year labor agreement with USWA: 

Pittsburgh, Alcoa Inc. press release, October 12, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001g, Alcoa completes sale of Thiokol Propulsion to ATK: 

Pittsburgh and Minneapolis, Alcoa Inc. press release, April 23, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001h, Alcoa expanding aerospace plate capacity: Davenport, IA,

Alcoa Inc. press release, March 23, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001i, Alcoa further reduces production at two Brazil smelters: 

Pittsburgh, Alcoa Inc. press release, September 4, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001j, Alcoa idles Ferndale, Wash. smelter as a result of agreements

with BPA: Pittsburgh, Alcoa Inc. press release, May 16, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001k, Alcoa signs agreement to acquire Dooray Air Metal’s

extrusion business: Pittsburgh and Seoul, Alcoa Inc. press release, December

11, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001l, Alcoa to reduce operating level at Intalco and restart capacity

at Warrick; output reduced by 45,000 metric tons per year: Pittsburgh, Alcoa

Inc. press release, March 20, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001m, ATK to acquire Thiokol Propulsion from Alcoa: Pittsburgh

and Minneapolis, Alcoa Inc. press release, January 31, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001n, Power failure at Alcoa’s Warrick Indiana smelter: 

Pittsburgh, Alcoa Inc. press release, December 5, 1 p.

Alcoa Inc., 2001o, Successful recycling process developed for smelting waste

product: Melbourne, Australia, Alcoa Inc. press release, November 16, 2 p.

Aluminum Association Inc., 2002a, Aluminum can recycling rate is 55.4 percent

for 2001: Washington, DC, Aluminum Association Inc. press release, April

26, 3 p.

Aluminum Association Inc., 2002b, The aluminum situation: Aluminum

Association Inc., February, 4 p.

Aluminum Bahrain, 2001, Line 5 expansion project approved: Manama,

Bahrain, Albayan newsletter, October, 1 p.

American Metal Market, 2001a, Alcoa plans to shutter Pa. rolling mill: 

American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 211, October 30, p. 5.

American Metal Market, 2001b, Brazil aluminum reflects power rationing: 

American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 193, October 4, p. 5.

American Metal Market, 2001c, Brazil’s Albrás marks wrap-up of 45,000t

smelter expansion: American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 243, December 17, p.

5.

American Metal Market, 2001d, Comalco studying expansion of Boyne smelter: 

American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 199, October 12, p. 5.

American Metal Market, 2001e, IMCO plans UK recovery plant to service

British Alcan facility: American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 198, October 11,

p. 6.

American Metal Market, 2001f, Luxfer in deal to buy French aluminum gascylinder plant: American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 76, April 19, p. 6.

American Metal Market, 2001g, Norsk Hydro reorganizes North American

operations: American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 4, January 5, p. 2.

American Metal Market, 2001h, Pechiney buys Sapa foil-rolling sites: 

American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 65, April 4, p. 5.

American Metal Market, 2001i, Russia’s Sual buying Volgograd smelter: 

American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 130, July 6, p. 5.

Ball Corp., 2001a, Ball to close Georgia beverage can plant: Broomfield, CO,

Ball Corp. press release, November 14, 1 p.

Ball Corp., 2001b, Coors and Ball Corporation sign definitive agreement for

aluminum can packaging venture: Golden, CO, Ball Corp. press release,

November 13, 1 p.

BHP Billiton, 2001a, BHP Billiton merger complete: London, BHP Billiton

press release, June 29, 6 p.

BHP Billiton, 2001b, Go ahead for expansion of Mozal aluminum smelter: 

London, BHP Billiton press release, June 21, 3 p.

Billiton Plc, 2001, BHP and Billiton merge to create a premier diversified global

resources group: London, Billiton Plc press release, March 18, 27 p.

Century Aluminum Co., 2001, Century completes acquisition of Kentucky plant: 
ALUMINUM—2001 6.9

Monterey, CA, Century Aluminum Co. press release, April 2, 1 p. 

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11.

CRU Aluminum Monitor, 2001b, Power – Brazil: CRU Aluminum Monitor,

June, p. 11.

Elkem ASA, 2001, EU approves ownership in Sapa: Oslo, Norway, Elkem ASA

press release, June 27, 1 p.

IMCO Recycling Inc., 2001, IMCO Recycling Inc. forms Mexican joint venture

to serve large auto component supplier: Irving, TX, IMCO Recycling Inc.

press release, December 13, 1 p.

Indalex Aluminum Solutions Group, 2001, Indalex parent company, Novar

acquires 25% of the equity of China Aluminum Group. Officials say the

combined business is the second largest aluminum extruder worldwide: 

Bannockburn, IL, Indalex Aluminum Solutions Group press release, April 25,

2 p.

Interfax Mining & Metals Report, 2001a, Kraz smelter puts new pre-bake

anodes on line: Interfax Mining & Metals Report, v. 10, issue 3, January 12-

18, p. 14.

Interfax Mining & Metals Report, 2001b, RusAl increases share in Armenal JV

to 74%: Interfax Mining & Metals Report, v. 10, issue 50, December 7-13, p.

10.

Interfax Mining & Metals Report, 2001c, Voest-Alpine to upgrade Armenal foil

rolling production: Interfax Mining & Metals Report, v. 10, issue 38,

September 14-20, p. 16.

International Aluminum Institute, 2002, Aluminum inventories: International

Aluminum Institute Form 351, June 10, 2 p.

Kinch, Diana, 2001, Venezuela plans to unravel aluminum merger done in 1997: 

American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 248, December 24, p. 4.

Lauchlan, Polina, 2001, Pechiney picks potential sites for AP50 projects: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8635, December 20, p. 6.

London Metal Exchange Ltd., 2001, Aluminum stocks: London Metal

Exchange Ltd., December 28, 2 p.

Metal Bulletin, 2001a, Alcan cuts Brazilian aluminum production: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8581, June 7, p. 3.

Metal Bulletin, 2001b, Alcasa brings potline back on stream: Metal Bulletin, no.

8612, October 1, p. 5.

Metal Bulletin, 2001c, Brazil aluminum smelters Albrás and Alumar to cut more

production: Metal Bulletin, no. 8599, August 13, p. 4.

Metal Bulletin, 2001d, Capral Aluminum closes Sydney remelt plant: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8635, December 20, p. 10.

Metal Bulletin, 2001e, Changes afoot in Indian aluminum industry: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8637, December 31, p. 9.

Metal Bulletin, 2001f, Columbia Falls shuts smelter for rest of this year: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8544, January 25, p. 4.

Metal Bulletin, 2001g, Hindalco commissions new potline: Metal Bulletin, no.

8622, November 5, p. 6.

Metal Bulletin, 2001h, Hovis acquires Alumetal from Grupa Kety at market

value: Metal Bulletin, no. 8609, September 20, p. 10.

Metal Bulletin, 2001i, Hydro’s Holmestrand plant commissions new mill: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8549, February 12, p. 9.

Metal Bulletin, 2001j, Hydro to build second remelt plant in USA: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8611, September 27, p. 8.

Metal Bulletin, 2001k, Mitsubishi boosts capacity at secondary aluminum

smelter in Thailand: Metal Bulletin, no. 8590, July 9, p. 8.

Metal Bulletin, 2001l, Mitsubishi lifts tube capacity in Thailand due to buoyant

demand: Metal Bulletin, no. 8598, August 9, p. 5.

Metal Bulletin, 2001m, New Zealand aluminum smelter trims production again: 

Metal Bulletin, no. 8599, August 13, p. 3.

Metal Bulletin, 2001n, Power costs force CNZL to cut aluminum production: 

Metal Bulletin, no. 8597, August 6, p. 3.

Metal Bulletin, 2001o, Ukraine sells Zalk to Russian consortium: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8550, February 15, p. 6.

Metal Bulletin, 2001p, VAW introduces surcharge, announces expansion: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8544, January 25, p. 5.

Metal Bulletin, 2001q, VAW plans upgrades at Kurri Kurri smelter: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8556, March 8, p. 4.

Metal Bulletin, 2001r, Vietnam modifies plan for new aluminum smelter, cutting

capacity by a quarter: Metal Bulletin, no. 8593, July 19, p. 4.

Metal Bulletin, 2001s, Volkov and Pikalevo complete merger: Metal Bulletin,

no. 8621, November 1, p. 4.

Metal Bulletin, 2001t, ...Eyes Elkem: Metal Bulletin, no. 8635, December 20, p.

12.

Metal Bulletin Monthly, 2001a, Aluminum production restored in Bosnia: 

Metal Bulletin Monthly, issue 372, December, p. 72.

Metal Bulletin Monthly, 2001b, Re-constructing the aluminum sector: Metal

Bulletin Monthly, issue 368, August, p. 20-23.

Mining Journal, 2001a, Alcoa cuts more aluminum in Pacific Northwest: 

Mining Journal, v. 336, no. 8616, January 12, p. 19.

Mining Journal, 2001b, Aluminum contracts for SNC-Lavalin: Mining Journal,

v. 337, no. 8665, December 21-28, p. 472.

Mining Journal, 2001c, Aluminum investments: Mining Journal, v. 336, no.

8638, June 15, p. 459.

Mining Journal, 2001d, Bharat sale triggers strike: Mining Journal, v. 336, no.

8624, March 9, p. 173, 175.

Mining Journal, 2001e, Indal expansion: Mining Journal, v. 337, no. 8642, July

13, p. 23.

Mining Journal, 2001f, Pechiney sets AP50 target: Mining Journal, v. 336, no.

8620, February 9, p. 106.

Mining Journal, 2001g, Turkish aluminum smelter expands: Mining Journal, v.

337, no. 8648, August 24, p. 147.

Noranda Inc., 2001a, Noranda files environmental impact study for potential

aluminum project in southern Chile: Santiago, Chile, Noranda Inc. news

release, August 29, 1 p.

Noranda Inc., 2001b, Noranda’s aluminum wheel producer American Racing

Equipment announces production consolidation: Franklin, TN, Noranda Inc.

news release, October 22, 1 p.

Nordic Aluminum, 2001, Nordural expansion to 90,000 tonne: Grundartangi,

Iceland, Nordic Aluminum press release, June 18, 3 p.

Norsk Hydro ASA, 2001, Norsk Hydro and EBRD increase Slovalco stake: 

Oslo, Norway, Norsk Hydro ASA press release, March 30, 2 p.

Ormet Corp., 2001a, Contract settlement ends nearly two years of labor

negotiations at Ormet rolling mill: Wheeling, WV, Ormet Corp. press

release, April 6, 2 p.

Ormet Corp., 2001b, Ormet temporarily exits third-party foil business: 

Wheeling, WV, Ormet Corp. press release, November 9, 1 p.

Pechiney, 2001, Pechiney agrees to acquire British Aluminum Specialty

Extrusions from Luxfer: Manchester, England, and Paris, France, Pechiney

press release, March 12, 1 p.

Platts Metals Week, 2001a, Albras to cut output: Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no.

28, July 9, p. 11.

Platts Metals Week, 2001b, Alcoa, Barclays, Enron among McCook unsecured

creditors: Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 33, August 13, p. 1, 9.

Platts Metals Week, 2001c, Alcoa takes over Warrick plant: Platts Metals

Week, v. 72, no. 11, March 12, p. 9.

Platts Metals Week, 2001d, BPA has set contract rate to Al smelters at

$34/Mwh: Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 27, July 2, p. 1, 11.

Platts Metals Week, 2001e, Bonnell to close El Campo: Platts Metals Week, v.

72, no. 37, September 10, p. 13.

Platts Metals Week, 2001f, Brazil Al producers fear more power cuts in the

North: Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 23, June 4, p. 1, 5.

Platts Metals Week, 2001g, Indalex mulls aluminum billet growth after Ahoskie

shuts: Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 29, July 16, p. 3-4.

Platts Metals Week, 2001h, Lanzhou Aluminum plans 150,000mt expansion in

2002: Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 46, November 12, p. 5.

Platts Metals Week, 2001i, Longview to be fully idled through April 2002: 

Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 10, March 5, p. 5-6.

Platts Metals Week, 2001j, New 500,000mt/year smelter proposed in Australia: 

Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 6, February 5, p. 15.

Platts Metals Week, 2001k, RusAl appoints SNC-Lavalin for aluminum

expansion: Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 50, December 17, p. 2-3.

Platts Metals Week, 2001l, Secondaries shut smelters amid rising cost pressures: 

Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 3, January 15, p. 8-10.

Platts Metals Week, 2001m, US aluminum billet maker Ohio Valley buys

Indiana plant: Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 25, June 18, p. 3.

Platts Metals Week, 2001n, US secondary Al market to benefit from capacity

closures: Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 8, February 19, p. 2-3.

Platts Metals Week, 2001o, Wabash to close Syracuse secondary aluminum

alloy plant: Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 52, December 31, p. 9.

Platts Metals Week, 2001p, Warrick potline to soon reach capacity: Platts

Metals Week, v. 72, no. 35, August 27, p. 8.

Platts Metals Week, 2001q, Wise’s Lister Hill aluminum modernization

continues: Platts Metals Week, v. 72, no. 50, December 17, p. 3-4.

Plunkert, P.A., 2002, Aluminum, in Metals and minerals: U.S. Geological

Survey Minerals Yearbook 2000, v. I, p. 6.1-6.20.

Regan, Bob, 2001a, Alberni aluminum project is still a go: American Metal

Market, v. 109, no. 189, September 28, p. 12.

Regan, Bob, 2001b, Alcoa considers building a smelter in Newfoundland: 

American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 146, July 30, p. 2.

Rexam PLC, 2001a, Rexam acts to balance capacity and demand in US beverage

can market: London, Rexam PLC press release, July 25, 1 p.

Rexam PLC, 2001b, Rexam takes further action to balance US beverage can

capacity and demand: London, Rexam PLC press release, November 1, 1 p.

Wong, K.L., 2001, Qingtongxia Aluminum completes expansion: Metal

Bulletin, no. 8626, November 19, p. 5.

Worden, Edward, 2001a, Entrepreneur buying 80% stake in Wise Recycling: 

American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 214, November 2, p. 1, 12.
6.10 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2001

Worden, Edward, 2001b, Liston Aluminum jumps for Ch.11 cover: American

Metal Market, v. 109, no. 220, November 12, p. 14.

Worden, Edward, 2001c, Minalco revs up capacity as auto production brakes: 

American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 24, February 5, p. 10.

Worden, Edward, 2001d, Ohio’s Albex Aluminum shutting down: American

Metal Market, v. 109, no. 156, August 13, p. 13.

Worden, Edward, 2001e, Secondary smelters face tough condition: American

Metal Market, v. 109, no. 141, July 23, p. 14.

Worden, Edward, 2001f, Wabash Alloys to mothball deoxidized aluminum

plant: American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 215, November 5, p. 10.

Wrigley, Al, 2001a, Hayes seeks Ch.11 cover for US plants: American Metal

Market, v. 109, no. 237, December 7, p. 1, 12.

Wrigley, Al, 2001b, Intermet to close Alexander City plant: American Metal

Market, v. 109, no. 209, October 26, p. 12.

Wrigley, Al, 2001c, Secondary casting alloys dominate applications as vehicle

demand slows: American Metal Market, v. 109, no. 11, January 17, p. 2A.

GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION

U.S. Geological Survey Publications

Aluminum. Ch. in Mineral Commodity Summaries, annual.

Aluminum. Mineral Industry Surveys, monthly.

Aluminum and Bauxite. Ch. in United States Mineral

Resources, Professional Paper 820, 1973.

Bauxite and Alumina. Ch. in Mineral Commodity Summaries,

annual.

Primary Aluminum Plants Worldwide, 1998.

U.S. Trade in Bauxite and Alumina. Mineral Industry Surveys,

quarterly.

World Bauxite Resources, Professional Paper 1076-B, 1986.

Other

Alumina Plants Worldwide, U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1993.

Aluminum. Ch. in Mineral Facts and Problems, U.S. Bureau of

Mines Bulletin 675, 1985.

Aluminum Association Inc. Aluminum Statistical Review,

annual.

Bauxite Mines Worldwide, U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1994.
TABLE 1

SALIENT ALUMINUM STATISTICS 1/

(Thousand metric tons, unless otherwise specified)

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

United States:

 Primary production 3,603 3,713 3,779 3,668 2,637

 Value (million dollars) $6,120 $5,360 $5,470 $6,030 $4,000

 Price (average cents per pound), U.S. market (spot) 77.1 65.5 65.7 74.6 68.8

 Inventories (December 31):

 Aluminum industry 2/ 1,860 1,930 1,870 1,550 1,300

 LME stocks in U.S. warehouses 3/ 8 13 14 (4/) 28

 National Defense Stockpile (4/) -- -- -- --

 Secondary recovery: 5/ 3,550 3,440 3,690 3,450 2,980

 New scrap 2,020 1,950 2,120 2,080 1,770

 Old scrap 1,530 1,500 1,570 1,370 1,210

 Exports (crude and semicrude) 1,570 1,590 1,640 1,760 1,590

 Imports for consumption (crude and semicrude) 3,080 3,550 4,000 3,910 3,740

 Aluminum industry shipments 6/ 8,880 9,260 9,840 9,830 r/ 8,640

 Supply, apparent 7/ 8,740 9,040 9,890 9,610 8,000

 Consumption, apparent 8/ 6,720 7,090 7,770 7,530 6,230

World, production 21,700 22,600 23,600 24,400 r/ 24,400 e/

e/ Estimated. r/ Revised. -- Zero. 

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except "Primary production."

2/ Includes ingot, semifabricated material, and scrap. 1997 and 1998 data from Current Industrial Reports, Series M33-D, U.S. Department of

Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 1999 through 2001 data from the Aluminum Association Inc.

3/ Includes aluminum alloyed material.

4/ Less than 1/2 unit.

5/ Metallic recovery from purchased, tolled, or imported new and old scrap expanded for full industry coverage.

6/ Shipped to domestic industry.

7/ Defined as domestic primary metal production plus secondary recovery plus imports minus exports plus adjustments for Government and

industry stocks changes.

8/ Apparent supply less recovery from purchased new scrap.

TABLE 2

PRIMARY ANNUAL ALUMINUM PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN THE UNITED STATES, BY COMPANY 1/

Yearend capacity

(thousand metric tons)

Company 2000 2001 2001 ownership 

Alcan Aluminum Corp., Sebree, KY 186 196 Alcan Inc., 100%.

Alcoa Inc.: 2/

 Alcoa, TN 210 210 Alcoa Inc., 100%.

 Badin, NC 115 120 Do.

 Evansville, IN (Warrick) 300 309 Do.

 Ferndale, WA (Intalco) 272 278 Alcoa Inc., 61%; Mitsui & Co. Ltd., 32%; YKK Corp., 7%.

 Frederick, MD (Eastalco) 174 192 Do.

 Massena, NY (St. Lawrence) 123 125 Alcoa Inc., 100%.

 Massena, NY 125 130 Do.

 Mount Holly, SC 215 212 Alcoa Inc., 50.3%; Century Aluminum Co., 49.7%.

 Rockdale, TX 315 340 Alcoa Inc., 100%.

 Troutdale, OR 121 121 Do.

 Wenatchee, WA 220 227 Do.

 Total 2,190 r/ 2,260

Century Aluminum Co.:

 Hawesville, KY 237 237 Century Aluminum Co., 80%; Glencore AG, 20%.

 Ravenswood, WV 168 170 Century Aluminum Co., 100%.

 Total 405 407

See footnotes at end of table.
TABLE 2--Continued

PRIMARY ANNUAL ALUMINUM PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN THE UNITED STATES, BY COMPANY 1/

Yearend capacity

(thousand metric tons)

Company 2000 2001 2001 ownership 

Columbia Falls Aluminum Co., Columbia Falls, MT 168 168 Glencore AG, 100%.

Goldendale Aluminum Co., Goldendale, WA 168 168 Private interest, 60%; employees, 40%.

Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp.:

 Mead, WA (Spokane) 200 200 MAXXAM Inc., 100%.

 Tacoma, WA 73 73 Do.

 Total 273 273

Longview Aluminum, L.L.C., Longview, WA 204 204 Michigan Avenue Partners, 100%.

Noranda Aluminum Inc., New Madrid, MO 222 230 Noranda Mines Ltd., 100%.

Northwest Aluminum Corp., The Dalles, OR 82 82 Private interests, 100%.

Ormet Primary Aluminum Corp., Hannibal, OH 257 257 Ormet Corp., 100%.

Vanalco Inc., Vancouver, WA 116 116 Vanalco Inc., 100%.

 Grand total 4,270 4,370

r/ Revised.

1/ Data are rounded to no more three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2/ Individual plant capacities in 2000 are U.S. Geological Survey estimates based on company reported total.

TABLE 3

U.S. CONSUMPTION OF AND RECOVERY FROM PURCHASED NEW 

AND OLD ALUMINUM SCRAP, BY CLASS 1/ 2/

(Metric tons)

Calculated recovery

Class Consumption Aluminum Metallic

2000:

 Secondary smelters 1,960,000 1,350,000 1,450,000

 Integrated aluminum companies 1,060,000 873,000 930,000

 Independent mill fabricators 800,000 689,000 736,000

 Foundries 95,600 80,200 85,800

 Other consumers 14,600 14,600 14,600

 Total 3,940,000 3,010,000 3,220,000

 Estimated full industry coverage 4,220,000 3,220,000 3,450,000

2001:

 Secondary smelters 1,640,000 1,140,000 1,230,000

 Integrated aluminum companies 946,000 772,000 823,000

 Independent mill fabricators 695,000 601,000 642,000

 Foundries 89,000 74,800 80,000

 Other consumers 12,100 12,100 12,100

 Total 3,390,000 2,600,000 2,790,000

 Estimated full industry coverage 3,630,000 2,790,000 2,980,000

1/ Excludes recovery from other than aluminum-base scrap.

2/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to

totals shown.
TABLE 4

U.S. STOCKS, RECEIPTS, AND CONSUMPTION OF PURCHASED NEW AND OLD ALUMINUM SCRAP AND

SWEATED PIG IN 2001 1/ 2/

(Metric tons)

Stocks, Net Consump- Stocks,

Class of consumer and type of scrap January 1 receipts 3/ tion December 31

Secondary smelters:

 New scrap:

 Solids 18,300 253,000 252,000 19,900

 Borings and turnings 9,660 265,000 270,000 5,040

 Dross and skimmings 4,080 423,000 424,000 3,260

 Other 4/ 3,060 176,000 178,000 1,170

 Total 35,100 1,120,000 1,120,000 29,300

 Old scrap:

 Castings, sheet, clippings 4,730 309,000 307,000 6,320

 Aluminum-copper radiators 1,710 16,500 16,500 1,660

 Aluminum cans 5/ 1,350 94,300 94,300 1,390

 Other 6/ 5,990 91,700 92,100 5,620

 Total 13,800 512,000 510,000 15,000

 Sweated pig 191 10,500 10,500 137

 Grand total 49,100 1,640,000 1,640,000 44,400

Integrated aluminum companies, foundries, independent

 mill fabricators, other consumers:

 New scrap:

 Solids 16,700 r/ 727,000 734,000 9,600

 Borings and turnings 318 17,800 17,800 352

 Dross and skimmings 137 8,490 8,480 148

 Other 4/ 6,710 r/ 158,000 157,000 7,770

 Total 23,800 r/ 911,000 917,000 17,900

 Old scrap:

 Castings, sheet, clippings 6,940 135,000 137,000 4,210

 Aluminum-copper radiators 241 5,270 5,180 324

 Aluminum cans 26,900 656,000 651,000 31,500

 Other 6/ 22 29,800 29,800 22

 Total 34,100 825,000 823,000 36,000

 Sweated pig 179 1,490 1,640 33

 Grand total 58,100 r/ 1,740,000 1,740,000 53,900

All scrap consumed:

 New scrap:

 Solids 35,000 r/ 980,000 985,000 29,500

 Borings and turnings 9,970 283,000 288,000 5,400

 Dross and skimmings 4,210 431,000 432,000 3,410

 Other 4/ 9,770 r/ 334,000 335,000 8,940

 Total 58,900 r/ 2,030,000 2,040,000 47,200

 Old scrap:

 Castings, sheet, clippings 11,700 444,000 445,000 10,500

 Aluminum-copper radiators 1,960 21,700 21,700 1,990

 Aluminum cans 28,300 750,000 745,000 32,900

 Other 6/ 6,010 121,000 122,000 5,640

 Total 47,900 1,340,000 1,330,000 51,000

 Sweated pig 370 12,000 12,200 170

 Grand total 107,000 r/ 3,380,000 3,390,000 98,400

r/ Revised.

1/ Includes imported scrap. According to reporting companies, 24.1% of total receipts of aluminum-base scrap, or

818,000 metric tons, was received on toll arrangements.

2/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

3/ Includes inventory adjustment.

4/ Includes data on foil, can stock clippings, and other miscellaneous.

5/ Used beverage cans toll treated for primary producers are included in secondary smelter tabulation.

6/ Includes municipal wastes (includes litter) and fragmentized scrap (auto shredder).
TABLE 5

PRODUCTION AND SHIPMENTS OF SECONDARY ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY INDEPENDENT SMELTERS IN

THE UNITED STATES 1/

(Metric tons)

2000 2001

Net Net 

Production shipments 2/ Production shipments 2/ 

Diecast alloys:

 13% Si, 360, etc. (0.6% Cu, maximum) 30,600 30,200 21,500 22,800

 380 and variations 515,000 526,000 388,000 391,000

Sand and permanent mold:

 95/5 Al-Si, 356, etc. (0.6% Cu, maximum) 127,000 126,000 61,400 62,100

 No. 319 and variations 137,000 139,000 128,000 133,000

 F-132 alloy and variations 30,400 30,200 24,300 25,000

 Al-Mg alloys 639 639 639 639

 Al-Zn alloys 2,240 2,930 1,780 1,940

 Al-Si alloys (0.6% to 2.0% Cu) 2,020 2,020 2,020 2,020

 Al-Cu alloys (1.5% Si, maximum) 2,290 2,290 2,290 2,290

 Al-Si-Cu-Ni alloys 949 951 949 950

 Other 1,320 1,350 1,340 1,310

Wrought alloys, extrusion billets 210,000 210,000 208,000 207,000

Miscellaneous:

 Steel deoxidation W W W W

 Pure (97.0% Al) W W W W

 Aluminum-base hardeners 3,470 3,470 3,470 3,470

 Other 3/ 122,000 124,000 101,000 103,000

 Total 1,190,000 1,200,000 944,000 956,000

Less consumption of materials other than scrap:

 Primary aluminum 77,600 XX 70,900 XX

 Primary silicon 50,200 XX 42,200 XX

 Other 16,700 XX 9,300 XX

Net metallic recovery from aluminum scrap and sweated pig

 consumed in production of secondary aluminum ingot 4/ 1,040,000 XX 822,000 XX

W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Miscellaneous: Other." XX Not applicable.

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2/ Includes inventory adjustment.

3/ Includes other die-cast alloys.

4/ No allowance made for melt-loss of primary aluminum and alloying ingredients.
TABLE 6

DISTRIBUTION OF END-USE SHIPMENTS OF ALUMINUM PRODUCTS IN THE

UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRY 1/

2000 2001

Quantity Percentage Quantity Percentage

(thousand of (thousand of

Industry metric tons) grand total metric tons) grand total

Containers and packaging 2,260 20.4 2,200 22.6

Building and construction 1,450 13.1 1,310 13.5

Transportation 3,600 32.4 r/ 3,010 30.9

Electrical 771 r/ 6.9 624 6.4

Consumer durables 767 r/ 6.9 655 6.7

Machinery and equipment 679 6.1 582 6.0

Other markets 293 2.6 247 2.5

 Total to domestic users 9,830 r/ 88.5 r/ 8,640 88.7

Exports e/ 1,280 r/ 11.5 r/ 1,100 11.3

 Grand total 11,100 100.0 9,740 100.0

e/ Estimated. r/ Revised.

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

Source: The Aluminum Association Inc.

TABLE 7

U.S. NET SHIPMENTS OF ALUMINUM WROUGHT AND CAST PRODUCTS, BY PRODUCERS 1/ 2/

(Thousand metric tons)

1999 2000 2001

Wrought products:

 Sheet, plate, foil 5,000 4,840 4,340

 Pipe, tube, extruded, shapes 1,640 1,640 r/ 1,320

 Rod, bar, wire, cable 549 588 r/ 479

 Forgings (including impacts) 108 106 84

 Powder, flake, paste 54 59 56

 Total 7,360 7,230 6,280

Castings:

 Sand 158 148 NA 

 Permanent and semipermanent mold 484 r/ 474 NA 

 Die 1,020 r/ 1,020 NA 

 Other 130 r/ 129 NA 

 Total 1,790 r/ 1,770 NA 

 Grand total 9,150 r/ 9,010 NA 

r/ Revised. NA Not available.

1/ Net shipments derived by subtracting the sum of producers' domestic receipts of each mill shape from the 

domestic industry's gross shipments of that shape.

2/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

Source: The Aluminum Association Inc. and U.S. Department of Commerce.
TABLE 8

U.S. EXPORTS OF ALUMINUM, BY COUNTRY 1/

Metals and alloys, crude Plates, sheets, bars, etc. 2/ Scrap Total

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

Country or territory (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands)

2000:

 Brazil 829 $1,520 31,900 $98,100 159 $180 32,900 $99,800

 Canada 125,000 208,000 504,000 1,310,000 225,000 221,000 854,000 1,740,000

 Czech Republic 5 9 21 285 -- -- 26 294

 France 30 122 5,530 29,400 1,790 3,290 7,350 32,800

 Germany 858 5,130 4,980 30,100 1,150 2,820 6,990 38,100

 Hong Kong 1,440 2,420 2,610 13,000 28,900 34,400 33,000 49,900

 Italy 33 111 2,070 12,000 8 11 2,110 12,100

 Japan 44,300 74,400 9,840 74,400 27,800 35,500 81,900 184,000

 Korea, Republic of 3,640 11,900 20,500 77,000 34,100 38,100 58,200 127,000

 Mexico 87,700 140,000 156,000 523,000 78,000 105,000 321,000 768,000

 Netherlands 244 1,020 3,280 12,900 415 621 3,940 14,500

 Philippines 41 61 774 3,530 265 435 1,080 4,020

 Russia -- -- 211 1,180 47 64 258 1,250

 Saudi Arabia 1 11 8,380 20,300 2 6 8,380 20,300

 Singapore 414 1,160 2,630 15,700 346 459 3,390 17,300

 Slovakia -- -- 11 35 -- -- 11 35

 Slovenia -- -- (3/) 4 -- -- (3/) 4

 South Africa 24 220 80 919 15 68 118 1,210

 Taiwan 2,200 3,540 8,430 31,000 30,300 31,500 40,900 66,000

 Thailand 822 1,720 6,860 24,300 1,020 1,420 8,700 27,400

 Ukraine -- -- 1 25 -- -- 1 25

 United Kingdom 1,090 3,770 20,400 94,700 5,450 5,910 26,900 104,000

 Venezuela 63 125 17,200 40,200 33 117 17,300 40,500

 Other 4,790 r/ 12,400 102,000 353,000 141,000 167,000 248,000 532,000

 Total 273,000 468,000 907,000 2,770,000 576,000 648,000 1,760,000 3,880,000

2001:

 Brazil 530 914 42,000 125,000 12 10 42,600 126,000

 Canada 87,000 134,000 459,000 1,170,000 215,000 206,000 761,000 1,510,000

 Czech Republic -- -- 36 458 -- -- 36 458

 France 161 454 7,130 35,000 -- -- 7,290 35,500

 Germany 987 9,800 2,530 17,900 1,740 7,490 5,250 35,200

 Hong Kong 1,510 2,580 2,020 14,400 11,400 16,300 14,900 33,300

 Italy 29 117 2,120 13,800 258 189 2,410 14,100

 Japan 8,580 19,200 9,420 85,800 23,700 26,400 41,700 131,000

 Korea, Republic of 1,880 4,170 13,500 59,300 50,600 54,500 66,000 118,000

 Mexico 85,700 131,000 131,000 416,000 52,100 64,000 269,000 610,000

 Netherlands 83 471 2,190 10,700 161 199 2,430 11,400

 Philippines 51 160 764 3,240 -- -- 815 3,400

 Russia 9 106 578 2,480 -- -- 588 2,590

 Saudi Arabia 107 225 9,320 24,300 19 4 9,450 24,600

 Singapore 40 176 2,930 12,600 122 269 3,090 13,100

 Slovakia -- -- 1 19 -- -- 1 19

 Slovenia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

 South Africa 4 13 169 1,090 13 150 187 1,250

 Taiwan 335 927 5,200 21,700 28,500 29,100 34,000 51,700

 Thailand 1,250 1,840 11,000 28,800 1,250 1,900 13,500 32,600

 Ukraine -- -- 93 244 -- -- 93 244

 United Kingdom 726 4,590 15,200 96,000 2,950 4,490 18,900 105,000

 Venezuela 21 82 12,600 31,900 107 511 12,700 32,500

 Other 2,880 9,460 84,900 306,000 192,000 176,000 280,000 492,000

 Total 192,000 320,000 814,000 2,480,000 580,000 588,000 1,590,000 3,390,000

r/ Revised. -- Zero.

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2/ Includes castings, forgings, and unclassified semifabricated forms.

3/ Less than 1/2 unit.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
TABLE 9

U.S. EXPORTS OF ALUMINUM, BY CLASS 1/

2000 2001

Quantity Value Quantity Value

Class (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands)

Crude and semicrude:

 Metals and alloys, crude 273,000 $468,000 192,000 $320,000

 Scrap 576,000 648,000 580,000 588,000

 Plates, sheets, bars, strip, etc. 845,000 2,380,000 751,000 2,120,000

 Castings and forgings 14,700 137,000 18,100 149,000

 Semifabricated forms, n.e.c. 48,000 248,000 44,500 215,000

 Total 1,760,000 3,880,000 1,590,000 3,390,000

Manufactures:

 Foil and leaf 61,100 219,000 59,200 225,000

 Powders and flakes 9,600 47,500 8,660 40,100

 Wire and cable 29,500 122,000 28,300 84,100

 Total 100,000 388,000 96,200 349,000

 Grand total 1,860,000 4,270,000 1,680,000 3,740,000

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

TABLE 10

U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF ALUMINUM, BY CLASS 1/

2000 2001

Quantity Value Quantity Value

Class (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands)

Crude and semicrude:

 Metals and alloys, crude 2,490,000 $4,030,000 2,560,000 $3,930,000

 Plates, sheets, strip, etc., n.e.c. 2/ 628,000 1,530,000 553,000 1,320,000

 Pipes, tubes, etc. 20,800 109,000 16,400 90,400

 Rods and bars 142,000 449,000 114,000 352,000

 Scrap 625,000 744,000 497,000 552,000

 Total 3,910,000 6,860,000 3,740,000 6,250,000

Manufactures:

 Foil and leaf 3/ 87,800 293,000 86,600 306,000

 Flakes and powders 5,020 14,000 5,360 16,300

 Wire 118,000 231,000 91,700 162,000

 Total 211,000 538,000 184,000 484,000

 Grand total 4,120,000 7,400,000 3,920,000 6,740,000

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2/ Includes plates, sheets, circles, and disks.

3/ Excludes etched capacitor foil.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
TABLE 11

U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF ALUMINUM, BY COUNTRY 1/

Metals and alloys, crude Plates, sheets, bars, etc. 2/ Scrap Total

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

Country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands)

2000:

 Argentina 59,000 $100,000 1,360 $2,950 1,300 $1,710 61,700 $105,000

 Australia 23,000 38,800 2,840 6,300 -- -- 25,800 45,100

 Bahrain 22,000 37,300 22,000 45,100 103 49 44,100 82,500

 Belgium 21 97 3,690 11,600 99 120 3,810 11,800

 Brazil 42,800 69,700 9,810 17,200 32,900 48,900 85,500 136,000

 Canada 1,420,000 2,390,000 435,000 1,050,000 289,000 345,000 2,150,000 3,780,000

 Croatia -- -- 163 547 -- -- 163 547

 Czech Republic 21 29 307 1,040 -- -- 328 1,070

 France 869 8,230 10,400 43,200 11,400 9,820 22,700 61,300

 Germany 643 4,810 41,700 163,000 6,740 8,380 49,100 176,000

 Italy 200 265 2,980 10,700 35 44 3,220 11,000

 Japan 336 787 21,400 80,500 753 1,360 22,500 82,700

 Korea, Republic of 89 274 13,300 33,900 514 1,050 13,900 35,200

 Mexico 4,570 6,670 22,000 79,000 76,000 85,800 102,000 171,000

 Netherlands 218 626 4,200 13,000 2,510 2,620 6,930 16,300

 Norway 7,010 13,500 106 418 -- -- 7,110 14,000

 Panama 12 14 1,480 4,710 7,200 9,040 8,690 13,800

 Russia 670,000 996,000 66,500 159,000 100,000 122,000 837,000 1,280,000

 Slovakia 255 273 2 9 -- -- 257 282

 Slovenia -- -- 4,350 14,000 -- -- 4,350 14,000

 South Africa 24,000 36,400 23,300 53,500 599 660 47,900 90,600

 Spain 343 644 402 1,630 161 205 905 2,470

 Ukraine 10,200 12,600 -- -- 6,830 7,240 17,000 19,800

 United Arab Emirates 53,300 94,900 -- -- 4,990 6,080 58,300 101,000

 United Kingdom 5,290 8,210 15,400 60,700 5,650 6,340 26,300 75,200

 Venezuela 120,000 165,000 24,900 47,900 19,800 23,300 165,000 236,000

 Other 25,800 42,400 63,700 187,000 58,400 64,200 148,000 293,000

 Total 2,490,000 4,030,000 791,000 2,080,000 625,000 744,000 3,910,000 6,860,000

2001:

 Argentina 53,800 88,000 105 216 2,840 3,910 56,700 92,100

 Australia 121,000 188,000 125 549 18 12 121,000 189,000

 Bahrain 8,210 13,200 16,100 32,600 -- -- 24,300 45,800

 Belgium 60 279 3,210 10,100 37 52 3,310 10,400

 Brazil 35,000 55,500 4,360 8,810 20,900 29,700 60,200 94,000

 Canada 1,670,000 2,590,000 405,000 928,000 283,000 315,000 2,360,000 3,830,000

 Croatia -- -- 211 664 -- -- 211 664

 Czech Republic -- -- 87 295 -- -- 87 295

 France 691 4,810 5,250 23,000 7,840 6,810 13,800 34,600

 Germany 677 4,300 50,300 189,000 7,140 7,490 58,200 200,000

 Italy (3/) 8 2,730 11,000 62 61 2,790 11,100

 Japan 501 1,020 11,100 47,400 386 693 12,000 49,100

 Korea, Republic of 766 1,380 6,810 20,600 59 142 7,630 22,100

 Mexico 3,930 6,190 16,500 67,000 67,000 70,100 87,400 143,000

 Netherlands 644 1,940 2,490 7,420 2,710 4,620 5,840 14,000

 Norway 7,850 13,300 1,160 1,910 1,680 2,970 10,700 18,200

 Panama -- -- 972 3,040 5,820 6,070 6,790 9,110

 Russia 377,000 533,000 37,700 81,300 39,700 45,200 454,000 660,000

 Slovakia 131 138 -- -- -- -- 131 138

 Slovenia -- -- 3,350 10,600 -- -- 3,350 10,600

 South Africa 19,400 27,700 26,300 62,800 31 42 45,800 90,500

 Spain 802 1,130 71 867 37 26 910 2,030

 Ukraine 11,000 19,300 1 4 840 970 11,800 20,300

 United Arab Emirates 62,500 105,000 -- -- 3,140 3,470 65,600 109,000

 United Kingdom 3,660 7,740 11,900 46,900 4,290 4,190 19,900 58,800

 Venezuela 159,000 236,000 17,400 33,200 7,890 7,640 184,000 277,000

 Other 24,700 36,000 59,500 180,000 42,400 42,700 127,000 259,000

 Total 2,560,000 3,930,000 683,000 1,770,000 497,000 552,000 3,740,000 6,250,000

-- Zero.

1/ Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2/ Includes circles, disks, rods, pipes, tubes, etc.

3/ Less than 1/2 unit.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
TABLE 12

ALUMINUM, PRIMARY: WORLD PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY 1/ 2/

(Thousand metric tons)

Country 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 e/

Argentina 187 187 206 r/ 262 r/ 250

Australia 1,495 1,627 1,718 1,769 1,798 3/

Azerbaijan e/ 5 3/ -- -- -- --

Bahrain 490 501 503 509 510

Bosnia and Herzegovina e/ 4/ 15 28 70 90 110

Brazil 1,200 1,208 1,250 1,271 r/ 1,131 3/

Cameroon e/ 91 82 92 95 81 3/

Canada 2,327 2,374 2,390 2,373 2,583 3/

China e/ 1,960 2,340 2,530 2,800 r/ 3,250

Croatia 4/ 18 r/ 16 r/ 14 r/ 14 r/ 15

Egypt 178 195 193 193 e/ 193

France 399 424 455 441 462

Germany 572 612 634 644 652

Ghana 152 56 104 156 162 3/

Greece 133 146 170 r/ 168 r/ 163

Hungary 35 35 34 r/ 35 35

Iceland 5/ 123 173 222 r/ 226 r/ 243

India 6/ 484 542 614 r/ 644 r/ 630

Indonesia e/ 6/ 216 3/ 133 r/ 106 r/ 160 180

Iran 92 124 137 140 e/ 140

Italy 188 187 r/ 187 189 187

Japan 7/ 17 16 11 7 7

Mexico 6/ 66 62 63 r/ 65 r/ e/ 65

Mozambique -- -- -- 54 266 3/

Netherlands 232 264 e/ 286 r/ 302 r/ 294

New Zealand 310 318 327 328 r/ 322 3/

Nigeria e/ 3 20 16 -- --

Norway 919 996 1,020 1,026 1,068 3/

Poland 8/ 54 54 51 r/ 47 r/ 55

Romania 9/ 163 174 r/ 174 179 r/ 175

Russia 2,906 3,005 3,146 3,245 3,300

Serbia and Montenegro 4/ 66 60 r/ 73 88 r/ 70

Slovakia 6/ 110 108 109 110 110

Slovenia 4/ 74 r/ 74 r/ 77 r/ 100 r/ 100

South Africa 673 677 689 r/ 674 r/ 663 3/

Spain 360 362 364 366 376

Suriname e/ 32 29 3/ 6 r/ -- --

Sweden 98 96 99 101 102

Switzerland 27 32 34 35 e/ 35

Tajikistan 206 196 229 300 340

Turkey e/ 62 3/ 62 62 60 60

Ukraine 9/ 101 107 115 r/ 119 r/ 122

United Arab Emirates, Dubai 381 r/ 352 r/ 440 e/ 470 r/ e/ 500

United Kingdom 248 258 272 305 341

United States 3,603 3,713 3,779 3,668 2,637 3/

Venezuela 634 585 570 569 r/ 570

 Total 21,700 22,600 23,600 24,400 r/ 24,400

e/ Estimated. r/ Revised. -- Zero.

1/ World totals and estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2/ Primary aluminum is defined as "The weight of liquid aluminum as tapped from pots, excluding the weight of any alloying

materials as well as that of any metal produced from either returned scrap or remelted materials." International reporting

practices vary from country to country, some nations conforming to the foregoing definition and others using different

definitions. For those countries for which a different definition is given specifically in the source publication, that definition

is provided in this table by footnote. Table includes data available through May 11, 2002.

3/ Reported figure.

4/ Primary ingot plus secondary ingot.

5/ Ingot and rolling billet production.

6/ Primary ingot.

7/ Excludes high-purity aluminum containing 99.995% or more as follows, in metric tons: 1997--36,136; 1998--35,063;

1999--34,893; 2000--40,956; and 2001--26,586.

8/ Primary unalloyed ingot plus secondary unalloyed ingot.

9/ Primary unalloyed metal plus primary alloyed metal, thus including weight of alloying material.