U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800

Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001

44–163 PDF 2008

S. HRG. 110–480 

CURRENT NATIONAL PARKS BILLS 

HEARING 

BEFORE THE

SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL PARKS 

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON 

ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES 

UNITED STATES SENATE 

ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS 

SECOND SESSION 

ON

S. 1633 S. 2502 

S. 1993 S. 2512 

S. 2207 H.R. 2197 

S. 2254 H.R. 2627 

S. 2262 H.R. 3332 

S. 2329 H.R. 3998 

APRIL 9, 2008 

( 

Printed for the use of the 

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

(II) 

COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES 

JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico, Chairman 

DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii 

BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota 

RON WYDEN, Oregon 

TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota 

MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana 

MARIA CANTWELL, Washington 

KEN SALAZAR, Colorado 

ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey 

BLANCHE L. LINCOLN, Arkansas 

BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont 

JON TESTER, Montana 

PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico 

LARRY E. CRAIG, Idaho 

LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska 

RICHARD BURR, North Carolina 

JIM DEMINT, South Carolina 

BOB CORKER, Tennessee 

JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming 

JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama 

GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon 

JIM BUNNING, Kentucky 

MEL MARTINEZ, Florida 

ROBERT M. SIMON, Staff Director 

SAM E. FOWLER, Chief Counsel 

FRANK MACCHIAROLA, Republican Staff Director 

JUDITH K. PENSABENE, Republican Chief Counsel 

SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL PARKS

DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii, Chairman 

BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota 

MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana 

KEN SALAZAR, Colorado 

ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey 

BLANCHE L. LINCOLN, Arkansas 

BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont 

JON TESTER, Montana 

RICHARD BURR, North Carolina 

LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska 

BOB CORKER, Tennessee 

JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming 

JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama 

GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon 

MEL MARTINEZ, Florida 

JEFF BINGAMAN and PETE V. DOMENICI are Ex Officio Members of the Subcommittee 

(III) 

C O N T E N T S 

STATEMENTS 

Page 

Akaka, Hon. Daniel K., U.S. Senator From Hawaii ............................................. 1 

Alexander, Hon. Lamar, U.S. Senator From Tennessee ....................................... 7 

Burr, Hon. Richard, U.S. Senator From North Carolina ..................................... 2 

Corker, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senator From Tennessee ................................................. 8 

Menendez, Hon. Robert, U.S. Senator From New Jersey .................................... 9 

Moe, Richard, President, The National Trust for Historic Preservation ............ 27 

Scarlett, P. Lynn, Deputy Secretary, Department of the Interior ....................... 3 

Stevenson, Katherine H., Acting Assistant Director, Business Services, National Park Service, Department of the Interior ............................................... 9 

Surkamp, James T., Commissioner, Jefferson County Commission, Charles 

Town, WV ............................................................................................................. 24 

APPENDIXES 

APPENDIX I 

Responses to additional questions .......................................................................... 39 

APPENDIX II 

Additional material submitted for the record ........................................................ 47 

(1) 

CURRENT NATIONAL PARKS BILLS 

Wednesday, April 9, 2008 

U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL PARKS, COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES, Washington, DC. 

The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:33 p.m. in room 

SD–366, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Senator Daniel K. 

Akaka presiding. 

OPENING STATEMENT OF DANIEL K. AKAKA, U.S. SENATOR 

FROM HAWAII 

Senator AKAKA. Good afternoon, everyone. The Subcommittee on 

National Parks will come to order. 

We have a long list of bills to consider today including the following and let me describe each one. 

S. 1633, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to study the 

suitability and feasibility of including the battlefield and related 

sites of the Battle of Shepherdstown as part of the Harpers Ferry 

National Park in West Virginia or Antietam National Battlefield in 

Maryland. 

S. 1993 and H.R. 2197, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior 

to modify the boundaries of the Hopewell Culture National Historical Park in the State of Ohio. 

S. 2207, to direct the Secretary of the Interior to study the suitability and feasibility of designating Green McAdoo School in Clinton, Tennessee as a unit of the National Park System. 

S. 2254, to designate the Mississippi Hills National Heritage 

Area in the State of Mississippi. 

S. 2262, to authorize the Preserve America and Save America’s 

Treasures Historic Preservation Programs. 

S. 2329 and H.R. 2627, to re-designate the Edison National Historic Site in the State of New Jersey as the Thomas Edison National Historical Park. 

S. 2512, to designate the Mississippi Delta National Heritage 

Area in the State of Mississippi. 

H.R. 3998, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to conduct 

special resource studies of several sites throughout the country. 

The final bills on agenda are S. 2502 and House companion 

measure H.R. 3332 which would authorize a memorial to be established at Kalaupapa National Historical Park in Hawaii. 

For those who do not know the Kalaupapa community is located 

on a remote peninsula on the Island of Molokai. For over 100 years 

from 1866 to 1969, Kalaupapa was the community where patients 

2 

with Hansen’s disease, also known as leprosy, were forced to live. 

Many of the older patients continue to live out their lives at 

Kalaupapa today. 

S. 2502, which I sponsored along with Senator Inouye and H.R. 

3332, which was sponsored by Congresswoman Hirono and Congressman Abercrombie would authorize a non-profit organization 

consisting of Kalaupapa residents and their families and friends 

and known as Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa to establish a memorial at 

a suitable location in the park to honor the memory of the 8,000 

residents who lived at the Kalaupapa and Kalawao communities. 

The memorial has strong local support. I’m not aware of any opposition or controversy. I hope we will be able to move the bill 

through the committee quickly. 

It appears that most of the other bills on the agenda today are 

also not controversial. I will work with Senator Burr to see if we 

can’t move those forward as well with amendments where necessary. 

At this time I would like to recognize Ranking Member Senator 

Burr for his opening statement. 

Senator Burr. 

STATEMENT OF HON. RICHARD BURR, U.S. SENATOR FROM 

NORTH CAROLINA 

Senator BURR. Mr. Chairman, thank you. You and I have spent 

way too much time together today. Senator Akaka and I started a 

hearing this morning. 

I think we had just enough time for a lunch break. Now we’re 

back in another one. And I’m sure this one will be as enlightening 

as the first hearing that we had. 

Senator, I’d like to thank you for convening this. It seems like 

every time we get together we’ve got 10 or 12 bills that we’re addressing. It is my belief that we will be able to work out something 

to move a majority, if not all of the legislation. I’d like to thank 

Deputy Secretary Lynn Scarlett for being with us today. 

Mr. Chairman, I’d like to highlight one bill in particular. It’s S. 

2262, which would firmly establish Preserve America and Save 

America’s Treasures as Federal programs. The two programs complement one another in providing support for cultural and historic 

resources. Practically every State has benefited from Preserve 

America and Save America’s Treasures and mine has as well. As 

co-sponsor of this bill I hope that we can get it reported out of the 

committee as soon as we possibly can. 

I’d like to thank all of our witnesses who are here today. I pledge 

to the Chairman to work with him diligently to make sure that not 

only we move, but we clear as many pieces of legislation as we possibly can. I yield back. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much, Senator Burr. We’ve been 

so working closely together as well as spending most of the day in 

hearings today here. 

We have two witnesses testifying before this committee and 

they’re here testifying on behalf of the Administration. Lynn 

Scarlett, the Deputy Secretary of the Interior and Kate Stevenson, 

the Acting Assistant Director for Business Services of the National 

Park Service. Secretary Scarlett and Ms. Stevenson, I want to welVerDate Aug 31 2005 12:36 Sep 09, 2008 Jkt 043391 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 G:\DOCS\44163.TXT SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA
3 

come both of you, officially, here. We will start with your statements on all of the bills and then turn to questions after you have 

finished. 

Secretary Scarlett, please proceed with your testimony. 

STATEMENT OF P. LYNN SCARLETT, DEPUTY SECRETARY, 

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Ms. SCARLETT. Thank you very much, Senator Akaka. Thank 

you, Senator Burr for your remarks. Thank you to the committee 

for holding this hearing. I am pleased to present the Department 

of the Interior’s views on the Preserve America and Save America’s 

Treasures Act. I will also present views on legislation to establish 

the Thomas Edison National Historical Park and legislation to establish a memorial within Kalaupapa National Historical Park. 

The Preserve America/Save America’s Treasure’s Act, Senate bill 

2262, would authorize both the Preserve America and the Save 

America’s Treasures Programs. Since their creation, administratively, both programs have been funded through the annual appropriations process. The legislation would institutionalize the Preserve America and Save America’s Treasures Program. The Administration strongly supports enactment of Senate bill 2262. 

I’d like to personally thank Senator Bingaman, Senator Domenici, Senator Burr and Senator Clinton for co-sponsoring this legislation and advancing it. Established in 2003, the Preserve America 

initiative supports community efforts to preserve America’s cultural 

and natural heritage. We now have 608 Preserve America communities designated encompassing all 50 states. Preserve America 

supports heritage tourism, adaptive re-use of historic and cultural 

resources and living history programs that strengthen educational 

opportunities in history. 

Today through the Grant Program we have had 184 grants total- ing nearly $13 million supporting Heritage Trails, cultural resource 

inventory and mapping, Heritage Tours, some in economic development through using historic assets. John Nau, Chairman of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, who’s here today, has also 

prepared a statement for the record and has asked that you consider reviewing that testimony. 

The legislation under consideration today also institutionalizes 

the Save America’s Treasures Grant Program. The SAT Program 

preserves and celebrates America’s historic legacy through a grant 

program that funds bricks and mortars, improvements to important 

cultural and historic landmarks and historic collections. The Program has provided over 1,000 grants to date, totaling $278 million. 

Dollars matched by the private sector and other support have 

been put forth. This national effort created by anExecutive Order 

in 1998 recognizes and protects America’s threatened cultural and 

historical treasures. Both of these programs have demonstrated significant on the ground successes in fostering preservation, partnerships, leveraging private dollars with public funds and sustaining 

efficient resource management to preserve our heritage assets. 

I’d like to now turn to two other bills under consideration today. 

H.R. 3332 and Senate bill 2502 direct the Secretary of the Interior 

to authorize Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa, a non-profit organization, to 

establish a memorial at either the Kalaupapa settlement or 

4 

Kalawao. The memorial would display the names of the first 5,000 

individuals sent to the Kalaupapa peninsula between 1866 and 

1896. It would also display the names of approximately 3,000 individuals who arrived at Kalaupapa in the second part of its history. 

Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa includes patient residents at Kalaupapa 

National Historical Park and their family members and friends. 

We support the goal of remembering all that has happened at 

Kalaupapa. In many respects the entire park is a memorial to the 

history and injustice that occurred on the peninsula. We applaud 

the purpose of this bill. 

We recognize that the remaining patients and other interested 

parties support a memorial to Hansen’s disease patients. The Department prefers the language in H.R. 3332 with one minor 

amendment. The language clarifies the fund raising requirements 

by Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa. 

While both bills reference the Secretary’s role in approving the 

location for the memorial in the general section, the House bill references approval of location in the approval section of the bill. We 

include a proposed amendment with our written testimony, and we 

would be very pleased to work with you on the bill. 

I’d like to turn to one additional bill under consideration today 

and that is S. 2329 and H.R. 2627, which would re-designate the 

Edison National Historic Site as the Thomas Edison National Historic Park. We believe this re-designation is appropriate for two 

reasons. 

First, the term ‘‘National Historical Park’’ generally applies to 

parks that extend beyond single properties or buildings. This unit 

of the National Park System includes both the laboratory in West 

Orange and Edison’s home in nearby Llewelyn Park, one mile 

away. They are two distinct units with different interpretive 

themes, resource management issues and operational challenges. 

Second, with completion of the current rehabilitation project at 

the laboratory complex and at Edison’s home, the unit’s complexity 

will increase. Educational and interpretive programs linking the 

laboratory and the Edison home will become more sophisticated 

and are better represented, we believe, by the term ‘‘National Historical Park’’ to reflect these non-contiguous parcels with a shared 

link to Thomas Edison. 

I’d like to note that the Park Service is preparing an updated legislative map to more clearly show the exact boundaries of the park. 

Once completed, the bills would need to be amended to include this 

map reference. Thank you again for the opportunity to testify on 

these bills, and I know Kate Stevenson has remarks on other bills. 

I’d be happy to answer any questions. 

[The prepared statement of Ms. Scarlett follows:] 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF P. LYNN SCARLETT, DEPUTY SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF

THE INTERIOR

S. 2262

Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, thank you for inviting me to appear before you today to present the Department of the Interior’s views on S. 2262, 

the Preserve America and Save America’s Treasures Act. I would also like to thank 

the sponsors of the bill in both in the Senate and the House for introducing this 

important legislation. The administration strongly supports enactment of S. 2262. 

5 

The historic and cultural structures and sites in communities throughout the 

country serve as the backdrop to the stories of our past and inspire the future. To 

help ensure that future generations will have the opportunity to experience our past 

and appreciate our identity as communities and as a Nation, across America people 

are adapting places once used in bygone eras to modern purposes, as community attractions, places of work, and educational centers. With these efforts, we are preserving our Nation’s culture, history and identity both for the benefit of future generations and for the enjoyment of citizens and visitors today. Citizens in communities across America are the engine behind this historic preservation. Through a 

variety of Federal stewardship programs, these efforts have expanded and flourished. Chief among these programs are the complementary Preserve America and 

Save America’s Treasures programs. 

Established in 2003, Preserve America is an Administration initiative that encourages and supports community efforts to preserve and enjoy the country’s cultural and natural heritage. Preserve America fosters reuse and interpretation of cultural resources that form the social, educational and economic fabric of communities. The goals of the initiative include a greater shared knowledge about our Nation’s past, strengthened regional identities, and increased local participation in 

preservation efforts. 

Consider just a few examples of how communities throughout the country are putting these grant dollars to work. In Fort Smith, Arkansas, local leaders and organizations are developing a marketing plan to promote the historically significant central city area to developers, investors, business, and tourists sparked by a $47,000 

Preserve America grant. Organizers in Gastonia, North Carolina are applying a 

$29,500 Preserve America grant to the Preserving and Promoting Gastonia’s Heritage project. With these funds, Gastonia will produce wayfinding signs, a walkingtour brochure and updated Gastonia Downtown website to promote Gastonia as a 

heritage and cultural tourism destination. The people of Burlington, Vermont are 

developing a web-based guide to Burlington’s cultural and historic resources for 

travelers, planners and educators with a $94,000 Preserve America grant to promote 

their unique heritage. 

The Preserve America program has been well received by States and is generating 

tangible preservation outcomes. For example, communities in Colorado’s southeastern plains, devastated by job loss, are looking to heritage tourism as a means 

of revitalization. A $130,000 Preserve America grant to the Colorado Historical Society (in association with the statewide nonprofit, Colorado Preservation, Incorporated) created a partnership among several counties to develop a regional planning and marketing program. The effort has helped connect a host of local historic 

and prehistoric sites, including the largest dinosaur track site in North America, 

and fostered cooperation among federal, state, and local officials, business owners, 

and non-governmental organizations. In addition, the participating counties have 

been designated as a pilot project for Colorado’s newly created Heritage Tourism 

Initiative. The Preserve America funding, matched by the State of Colorado, has 

also leveraged additional $355,500 in financial support from local foundations, the 

counties, and other entities. 

Preserve America does not fund construction, rehabilitation, or restoration of historic resources. Rather, it supports planning and development of activities and programs in heritage tourism, adaptive re-use, and ‘‘living history’’ programs that may 

be usefully replicated across the country. Perhaps most important, it helps to provide needed support for communities (including municipalities, urban neighborhoods, counties, and tribal communities) to fully realize and sustain preservation’s 

benefits. 

Six years ago, the Preserve America initiative was a concept on paper. Today, 

thanks, in part, to the tremendous efforts of John Nau, Chairman of the Advisory 

Council on Historic Preservation and co-chair of Preserve America, over 600 Preserve America communities representing all 50 states enhance their historic and 

cultural assets through heritage tourism, education, and preservation. Through 

John’s creativity, the initiative now includes a grant program to support heritage 

tourism, an award program to honor outstanding partners in historic preservation, 

and a national history-teacher-of-the-year award. These accomplishments could not 

have occurred without John Nau’s vision, tireless focus on implementation, and ability to inspire partners across the Nation. While we recognize that in the interest 

of time Chairman Nau is not testifying before you today, the ACHP has prepared 

a Statement for the Record that I urge you to also carefully consider as you review 

this important legislation. 

The Save America’s Treasures (SAT) grant program is dedicated to the preservation and celebration of America’s priceless historic legacy. The program also complements the planning and development support of preservation offered by Preserve 

6 

America. The SAT grant program funds ‘‘bricks and mortar’’ improvements to important cultural and historic landmarks and irreplaceable collections in every corner 

of the country. This national effort, created by Executive Order in 1998, recognizes 

and protects America’s threatened cultural treasures, including historic structures, 

collections, works of art, and maps and journals that document and illuminate the 

history and culture of the United States. 

These competitive grants encourage sustainable historic resource management 

and make these enduring symbols of the American tradition more accessible to 

scholars and the public through exhibits, traditional publications, and websites. The 

Save America’s Treasures grants have educated the public on preservation challenges at the buildings, sites, monuments, objects and documents that represent 

America’s diverse cultural legacy and supported preservation of historic collections 

and properties. 

Over 1,000 Save America’s Treasures matching grants have been, or are in the 

process of being, awarded to Federal agencies, State, local and tribal governments, 

and nonprofit institutions. Administered by the National Park Service, grants are 

awarded competitively, with individual projects only eligible for one grant, and with 

all grants requiring a dollar for dollar local match. 

Among the accomplishments of the Save America’s Treasures grant program is rehabilitation of the Sheridan Inn in Sheridan, Wyoming, once leased by William F. 

(‘‘Buffalo Bill’’) Cody, and which served as an audition and planning venue for many 

of his Wild West shows. Numerous other notables have stayed at the Inn, including 

Herbert Hoover, Ernest Hemingway, Will Rogers, and Bob Hope. The 1892 inn, a 

National Historic Landmark, received a 2006 SAT grant of $400,000 from the National Park Service’s Historic Preservation Fund to correct structural deterioration. 

In 2007, the Old Mississippi State Capitol, Mississippi Department of Archives 

and History, in Jackson, Mississippi received a 2007 SAT’s grant of $525,000 to restore the roof and repair water damage, both results of hurricanes Katrina and Rita. 

The Old Capitol is a masterpiece of 19th-century Greek Revival architecture and is 

the oldest building in Jackson. 

Finally, Schooner Ernestina, in New Bedford, Massachusetts, received a SAT’s 

grant of $500,000 to rehabilitate the ship and return her to sailing condition. The 

vessel will operate as a sailing school and passenger ship. This National Historic 

Landmark ship is the oldest surviving Grand Banks fishing schooner and one of 

only two surviving 19th century Gloucester-built fishing schooners. 

Together, these programs generate community partnerships, economic and educational opportunities, and the promotion of historical and cultural tourism. Both 

Preserve America and Save America’s Treasures promote better coordination and, 

therefore, greater efficiencies in meeting existing preservation needs. They also expand future opportunities by allowing local stakeholders to determine which strategies best meet their goals. 

S. 2262 would authorize both the Preserve America and the Save America’s Treasures programs, making them permanent resources for citizens and civic organizations engaged in historic preservation activities. Since their creation, both programs 

have been sustained through the annual appropriations process. However, without 

permanent authorization, they lack the foundation for sustained success. Without 

the ‘‘stamp of legitimacy’’ achieved by the Congressional legislative process, both 

programs, despite their records of success, remain vulnerable to termination. The 

legislation would institutionalize the Preserve America and Save America Treasures 

programs and cement them as permanent tools for protecting our Nation’s cultural 

resources. 

The results are clear. Both programs have demonstrated significant on-the-ground 

success in fostering preservation partnerships, leveraging private dollars with public 

funds, and sustaining efficient resource management strategies and sound business 

practices in the preservation of our heritage assets. These grants and designations 

give citizens in communities across the country good reason to say ‘‘Welcome to my 

town!’’ They provide communities greater opportunity to realize economic development through historic preservation and the celebration of the rich heritage and 

unique stories of the American experience. Thank you again for the opportunity to 

testify on these programs and this legislation. I would be happy to answer any questions. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much. Now I’d like to call on a 

member of the committee, Senator Corker for any statement he 

may have. 

7 

Senator CORKER. Mr. Chairman, thank you. If you don’t mind I 

like to get along really, really well with our senior Senator. So I 

might defer and let him speak first if that’s ok. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much. We’ll hear now from Senator Alexander. 

STATEMENT OF HON. LAMAR ALEXANDER, U.S. SENATOR 

FROM TENNESSEE 

Senator ALEXANDER. That’s very generous of Senator Corker. I 

was prepared for him to go first since he is a member of the committee and because of his leadership on this issue. But I’m happy 

to do this. 

I’m here in support of S. 2207 which is the Green McAdoo National Historic Site study, which directs the Secretary of the Interior to study the feasibility of designating the site of the Green 

McAdoo School as a unit of the National Park System. Congressman Wamp and Congressman John Lewis, a civil rights hero, have 

introduced similar legislation in the House. 

Let me try to give a little personality to this Green McAdoo 

School. Most of us, who are old enough, remember what happened 

as school began in the year 1957. I remember it because I was a 

senior in high school then. 

The Supreme Court had ordered schools across America to be 

segregated, and the Federal District Courts across the country 

were implementing that. Desegregation was attempted at Little 

Rock Central High School. Governor Orval Faubus and the community resisted. 

President Eisenhower literally had to send the paratroopers in to 

make certain that the African American children could attend Little Rock Central High School. We remember that and I was glad 

to co-sponsor, with Senators Lincoln and Pryor, legislation commemorating the 50th anniversary of that in 2007. 

What we don’t know as much about is what happened a year earlier. It’s a very different story. In the fall of 1956, the Federal District Judge in Knoxville—Judge Robert Taylor, whose grandfather 

and great uncle had been Governor of Tennessee, and whose 

daughter, Ann Taylor is on National Public Radio delivering the 

news very often—ordered the Green McAdoo School to be integrated. Judge Taylor’s order meant that the students from Green 

McAdoo would be allowed to go to Clinton High School. Clinton is 

the small town just outside of Knoxville near Oak Ridge. 

On August 27, 1956, 12 students from Green McAdoo School, 

who became known as the Clinton Twelve, met at the school and 

walked to Clinton High School, becoming the first African American students to integrate a southern State supported school. Now 

the difference between what happened in Clinton in 1956 and Little Rock in 1957 was that the judge, the Governor and the community did what the law required them to do. President Eisenhower 

didn’t have to send the paratroopers into Clinton. 

There were problems. There were outside agitators. I remember 

John Kasper was one of them. There was some violence as a result 

of that. But the community and the students in that school, who 

are now my age, said they thought it was their job to enforce the 

law. They did. The Governor of Tennessee then, Governor Frank 

8 

Clement, whose son, Bob, later served in the U.S. Congress, courageously sent in the National Guard in September to make sure that 

the outside agitators were not able to cause a problem. 

So, I think it was appropriate last year to recognize the 50th anniversary of the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School 

as a step forward in the progress of America’s attempt to give every 

student equal justice under the law. I think it’s equally or even 

more important to honor the story of the Clinton Twelve and what 

the Clinton, Tennessee community did a year before Little Rock because they did it earlier. They did it without the Federal government having to send in the paratroopers. 

The citizens did what they should have done. The Governor acted 

courageously in support of the local citizens. The Clinton Twelve 

attended the formerly all-white school and the first African American to graduate from a public high school in the south was Bobby 

Cain in the late spring of 1957, who was the oldest of the Clinton 

Twelve. 

The State of Tennessee has contributed money to have statues of 

each of those twelve in front of that school. I was there not long 

ago. The Federal Government has spent about three-quarters of a 

million dollars helping make a museum of that. 

It’s a place every American should really go to in the same way 

you would go to see the Underground Railroad Museum in Ohio to 

learn about atrocities and discrimination and failure of citizens in 

communities to live up to the goals of our country. This is an opportunity to create a historic site to show how a community lived 

up to the principle of equal opportunity in America. So I’m glad to 

join Senator Corker and Congressman Wamp and Congressman 

Lewis and others in support of this. 

I thank the Senator for allowing me to go before him even 

though he’s a member of the committee and has been one of the 

most active leaders for this legislation since it was first introduced. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much, Senator Alexander for 

your personal account and statement on this. Are there any questions? 

STATEMENT OF HON. BOB CORKER, U.S. SENATOR 

FROM TENNESSEE 

Senator CORKER. Mr. Chairman, if I could just add a few remarks. As Senator Alexander always does, I think he’s communicated very well about this site and the reason that we have 

brought this legislation together with Members of Congress. I have 

visited the site, although I haven’t visited since they completed the 

work. 

But I think it’s extraordinary that these community leaders have 

come together to honor the Clinton Twelve, which has a great deal 

to do with the history and certainly what occurred during Brown 

vs. Board of Education in 1954 and as Clinton, Tennessee did during those days, as Lamar just mentioned, community leaders are 

showing leadership again by honoring what occurred, which is such 

a historic part of what our country’s progress has been built on. 

The Clinton Twelve were truly pioneers. It was amazing what they 

did. 

9 

I just want to, again, express hope that members of Congress will 

support this legislation. I’m happy to join Senator Alexander, 

Wamp and Lewis in regards to this and thank you for letting me 

speak for a few minutes on behalf of this legislation. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much, Senator Corker. Now 

Senator Menendez for your statement. 

STATEMENT OF HON. ROBERT MENENDEZ, U.S. SENATOR 

FROM NEW JERSEY 

Senator MENENDEZ. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Let me thank 

you and the Ranking Member for holding this hearing. Particularly 

I want to speak in support of the Thomas Edison National Historic 

Park. 

Thomas Edison is the greatest inventor in our Nation’s history. 

His work revolutionized our Nation’s communications. He brought 

us light, electricity, music and motion pictures. 

The name of Edison is synonymous with the word inventor. His 

legacy has inspired generations of American inventors, scientists 

and engineers. His light bulb was an incandescent symbol of our 

Nation’s technological leadership, innovation and progress. 

One of Edison’s early innovations was the very idea of an industrial research laboratory aimed at producing and applying knowledge. His facility in West Orange, New Jersey is a national treasure. It is preserved in the Thomas Edison National Historic Site, 

which encompasses Edison’s home of 45 years, his laboratories, his 

offices and a vast collection of irreplaceable artifacts and documents. 

The laboratory complex is nearing the end of extensive renovations. It is estimated that the number of visitors will triple when 

it reopens. We hope that nearly 300,000 people a year will visit this 

unique, historic, educational and inspirational facility, which is 

why we’ve introduced S. 2329 with my colleague Senator Lautenberg, the lifetime innovations of Thomas Edison or the LITE Act 

which will re-designate the current National Historic Site as a National Historical Park. 

This nomenclature is more consistent with the National Park 

Services guidelines and reflects the many improvements and enhancements achieved during this renovation. I believe, I arrived a 

little late, but I’m sure that the Park Service testimony is in line 

with it, which hopefully will make life a little easier here on the 

committee. So therefore I hope our colleagues will join us in supporting the LITE Act and our efforts to preserve a site of enormous 

historical significance to both America and for that fact, the rest 

of the world. 

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I look forward to working with you. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much, Senator Menendez. Now 

I’d like to call on Director Stevenson for your testimony. 

STATEMENT OF KATHERINE H. STEVENSON, ACTING ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, BUSINESS SERVICES, NATIONAL PARK 

SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Ms. STEVENSON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you again for 

the opportunity to appear before you to offer the views of the Department of the Interior on several of the bills before you. I would 

10 

like to summarize my testimony and submit the entire text for the 

record. 

S. 1633 would authorize the Secretary to conduct a special resource study for the Battle of Shepherdstown in West Virginia as 

part of the Harpers Ferry National Historical Park or Antietam 

National Battlefield. We support this bill. We believe that any 

funding requested should be directed first to our completing previously authorized studies. 

S. 1993 would modify the boundary of Hopewell Culture National 

Historical Park and would also allow acquisition of lands only from 

willing sellers. We support this bill and its House counterpart H.R. 

2197. 

S. 2207 would direct the Secretary to study Green McAdoo School 

for its feasibility and suitability as a unit of the National Parks 

System. The Department supports S. 2207 with two technical 

amendments. 

S. 2254 would establish the Mississippi Hills National Heritage 

Area. The Department cannot support S. 2254 unless the bill is 

amended to be a feasibility study for the proposed area, as we require every potential heritage area to have such a study. Such a 

study would evaluate the components of the proposal against the 

interim criteria for heritage areas. The area would need to demonstrate evidence of place based resources that tell a nationally significant story, that has the support and involvement of the local 

community, has boundaries and has a useable business plan. 

S. 2512 would establish the Mississippi Delta National Heritage 

Area. Again, the Department cannot support the bill unless the bill 

is amended to be a feasibility study for the area. While there have 

been other studies that covered this area, these studies did not address the criteria for national heritage areas and covered a much 

larger geographic area. 

H.R. 3998 directs the Secretary to conduct nine special resource 

studies to determine the appropriate means for their preservation, 

use and management. The Department supports the authorization 

of six of the studies. The Battle of Matewan, the Battle of Camden, 

the Mississippi River, Fort San Geronimo, the Rim of the Valley, 

and the Butterfield Overland Trail. 

The Department does not object to the authorization of a study 

for the Harry S. Truman birthplace site and the Eastern Legacy 

sites of Lewis and Clark trail. But the Department must oppose authorization of the study of the Wolf House as we have testified before. 

This concludes my testimony and I would be happy to answer 

any questions you might have. 

[The prepared statements of Ms. Stevenson follow:] 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF KATHERINE H. STEVENSON, ACTING ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, 

BUSINESS SERVICES, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

H.R. 3332 AND S. 2502

Mr. Chairman, thank you for the opportunity to present the views of the Department of the Interior on H.R. 3332 and S. 2502, bills to provide for the establishment 

of a memorial within Kalaupapa National Historical Park, located on the island of 

Molokai, in the State of Hawaii, to honor and perpetuate the memory of those individuals who were forcibly relocated to the Kalaupapa Peninsula from 1866 to 1969. 

11 

The Department does not object to the concept of establishing a memorial at 

Kalaupapa National Historical Park. The Department does, however, prefer the language in H.R. 3332, with one minor amendment, as it clarifies the fundraising requirements by Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa and the Secretary’s role in approving the 

final location for the memorial. 

H.R. 3332 and S. 2502 direct the Secretary of Interior to authorize Ka ‘Ohana O 

Kalaupapa, a non-profit organization, to establish a memorial at either the 

Kalaupapa Settlement or Kalawao. The memorial would be designed to display the 

names of the first 5,000 individuals sent to the Kalaupapa Peninsula between 1866 

and 1896, and to also display the names of the approximately 3,000 individuals who 

arrived at Kalaupapa in the second part of its history. Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa consists of patient residents at Kalaupapa National Historical Park, and their family 

members and friends. 

Kalaupapa National Historical Park was established in 1980 to honor and preserve two tragic histories: the removal of indigenous people from the area in 1865 

and 1895, and the forced relocation and isolation of Hansen’s Disease (leprosy) patients to the peninsula from 1866 until 1969. The park contains the physical setting 

for these stories, including the Hansen’s Disease settlements of Kalaupapa and 

Kalawao, and the churches of Siloama and Saint Philomena associated with the 

work of Father Damien and Mother Marianne Cope. Today the community of 

Kalaupapa is still home for some Hansen Disease patients, whose memories and experiences are of integral value to the Park. 

The National Park Service works cooperatively with several organizations to manage the site and preserve the stories of residents. Partners include the State of Hawaii, Department of Health; the Catholic Diocese of Honolulu; the United Church 

of Christ; State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources; and the Department of Transportation. The land owner, State of Hawaii, Department of Hawaiian Homelands, maintains a lease agreement (65 year) with the National Park 

Service. In addition, the State of Hawaii, Department of Health would need to approve the release of names of patients that are not already available to the public 

for inclusion in a memorial. Each of these groups would need to be consulted. The 

National Park Service is committed to working with the patients, partners, and 

friends’ groups to best honor the stories of those for whom the park was founded. 

The Department supports the concept of remembering all that has happened at 

Kalaupapa and believes that the entire park is a memorial to the history and injustice that has occurred on the peninsula. Still, we recognize that the remaining patients and other interested parties support a memorial to the Hansen’s Disease patients. 

We recommend the legislation be amended to clarify that the memorial be located 

in the Kalaupapa Settlement, where patients continue to live today, and not at 

Kalawao. Kalawao is a beautiful and remote location on the peninsula where few 

structures exist. Few visitors see this area other than in the distance. The 

Kalaupapa Settlement is a fitting area for such a memorial—it is where patients 

and visitors will have a lasting reminder of what occurred at Kalaupapa. The proposed amendment is attached to this testimony. 

That concludes my testimony. I would be happy to answer any questions you or 

other members of the committee may have. 

H.R. 3998

Mr. Chairman, thank you for the opportunity to present the views of the Department of the Interior on H.R. 3998, a bill that authorizes the Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) to conduct nine special resources studies of certain lands and structures to determine the appropriate means for their preservation, use and management, including possible inclusion within the National Park System or the National 

Trails System. 

The Department supports the authorization of six of the studies: for the Battles 

of Matewan and Camden, the Mississippi River, Fort San Geronimo, the Rim of the 

Valley, and the Butterfield Overland Trail. The Department does not object to the 

authorization of two of the studies: for the Harry S Truman Birthplace site and the 

Eastern Legacy Lewis and Clark trail sites. The Department opposes the authorization of the study of the Wolf House. However, the Department feels that priority 

should be given to the 32 previously authorized studies for potential units of the 

National Park System, potential new National Heritage Areas, and potential additions to the National Trails System and National Wild and Scenic River System that 

have not yet been transmitted to the Congress. 

Title I of H.R. 3998 authorizes the Secretary to conduct a special resource study 

to determine the suitability and feasibility of adding the Harry S Truman Birthplace 

12 

State Historic Site, located in Lamar, Missouri, to the Harry S Truman National 

Historic Site or designating the site as a separate unit of the National Park System. 

The study would also determine the methods and means for protection and interpretation of the site by federal, state or local government entities or private or nonprofit organizations. 

The Department does not object to the enactment of Title I. President Harry S 

Truman was born in the house in Lamar, Missouri, and lived there with his family 

until he was approximately 11 months old. The birthplace is currently a State Historic Site operated and maintained by the Division of Parks and Recreation of the 

State of Missouri. Harry S Truman National Historic Site operates two units, the 

Truman Home in Independence and the Truman Farm Home in Grandview, from 

the operational center in Independence. The birthplace site in Lamar is approximately 120 miles from the national historic site in Independence. Mr. Truman’s 

birth in Lamar is currently being included in interpretive programs at both the Truman Home and the Truman Farm Home as part of the larger Truman story. 

Title II of H.R. 3998 authorizes the Secretary to conduct a special resource study 

to determine the suitability and feasibility of extending the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail to include additional sites associated with the preparation and 

return phases of the expedition. These sites are commonly known as the ‘‘Eastern 

Legacy sites’’ and are located in Virginia, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Missouri 

and Illinois. The study would also determine the methods and means for the protection and interpretation of these sites by federal, state or local government entities 

or private or non-profit organizations. The Department testified on a similar bill, S. 

1991, earlier this Congress. 

While we have some concerns about the need for the study, the Department does 

not object to the enactment of Title II. There have been many discussions in recent 

years between scholars and interested individuals concerning whether the Eastern 

Legacy sites and routes merit inclusion in the Lewis and Clark National Historic 

Trail. Arguments against extending the trail have focused on the common historical 

understanding of where the expedition itself began. Additional concerns include 

what impact the inclusion of the Eastern Legacy sites would have on those sites and 

on tourist visitation to the western half of the trail, and whether extending the trail 

would dilute attention to and importance of the existing trail. The issue of whether 

this area is suitable and feasible as an administrative unit of the National Trails 

System has not been addressed. Title II would provide that authority. 

Title III authorizes the Secretary to conduct a special resource study of the sites 

associated with the ‘‘Battle of Matewan’’ in Matewan, West Virginia to determine 

the suitability and feasibility of designating these resources as a unit of the National Park System, and to determine the methods and means for protection and 

interpretation by federal, state or local government entities or private or non-profit 

organizations. 

The Department supports enactment of Title III. The ‘‘Battle of Matewan’’ was a 

pivotal event in the eventual end of coal company control in the southern Appalachians, and a seminal event in the history of organized labor. The conflict was precipitated by striking coal miners who demanded the company recognize the legitimacy 

of the United Mine Workers of America. The coal companies retaliated by bringing 

in armed guards to evict miners from local mines and their families from company 

housing, sparking an armed confrontation on May 19, 1920 that left ten people 

dead. Resources related to this period are still extant in the Town of Matewan and 

its surrounding areas. 

Title IV authorizes the Secretary to conduct a special resource study of the site 

of the Battle of Camden and the site of Historic Camden in South Carolina to determine the suitability and feasibility of designating these sites as a unit or units of 

the National Park System, and to determine the methods and means for protection 

and interpretation by the federal, state or local government entities or private or 

non-profit organizations. 

The Department supports enactment of Title IV. The Battle of Camden, fought 

on August 16, 1780, was a key battle in the southern campaign of the American 

Revolutionary War. The battle decisively ended American hopes of a quick victory 

in the south. A 2003 reconnaissance study of the Camden battlefield recommended 

that a Special Resources Study be completed. Historic Camden is a National Park 

System affiliated area within the City of Camden, which is one of the oldest towns 

in South Carolina. 

Title V authorizes the Secretary to conduct a special resource study along the 

route of the Mississippi River from its headwaters in the state of Minnesota to the 

Gulf of Mexico to evaluate the route for potential addition to the National Trails 

System. The study would also determine the methods and means for the protection 

13 

and interpretation of the route by federal, state or local government entities or private or non-profit organizations. Title V gives the Secretary the authority to conduct 

the study in accordance with the National Park System General Authorities Act or 

the National Trails System Act, as appropriate. 

The Department supports the enactment of Title V. The Mississippi River corridor 

is one of the richest in America’s history. It traverses along the edges of 10 states, 

linking six National Park Service areas and up to 40 federal properties. A special 

resource study would allow for an analysis of current conditions, river issues and 

activities, historic issues, current and potential partners, interested state agencies, 

affected communities, related planning projects, and previous studies, and would 

help determine the best designation and coordinating role for this important set of 

resources. Title VI authorizes the Secretary to conduct a special resource study to determine 

the suitability and feasibility of including Fort San Gero ́nimo in Puerto Rico as part 

of San Juan National Historic Site. The study would also determine the methods 

and means for protection and interpretation of the site by federal, state or local government entities or private or non-profit organizations. 

The Department supports enactment of Title VI. Fort San Gero ́nimo is one of four 

forts surrounding the old, colonial portion of San Juan, Puerto Rico that were built 

by Spanish troops beginning in 1539. Fort San Gero ́nimo is the only one of the four 

forts in the original fortification system that is not included in San Juan National 

Historic Site. 

Title VII authorizes the Secretary to conduct a special resource study of the Wolf 

House in Norfork, Arkansas, to determine the suitability and feasibility of designating the house as a unit of the National Park System. The study would also determine the methods and means for the protection and interpretation of the house by 

federal, state or local government entities or private or non-profit organizations. The 

Department testified on a similar bill, S. 1941, earlier this Congress. 

The Department opposes enactment of Title VII. The Wolf House is a two-story 

dogtrot structure dating back to 1829 and the oldest territorial courthouse west of 

the Mississippi River. While the Wolf House is an impressive historical structure, 

it is not distinguished beyond many other historical log structures in cities all over 

the United States. Even though the Wolf House has significance for the political history of the state of Arkansas, we believe it may be more suited for inclusion in the 

State Park system. 

Title VIII authorizes the Secretary conduct a special resource study of the area 

known as the Rim of the Valley in southern California to determine the suitability 

and feasibility of designating all or a portion of the corridor as a unit of the Santa 

Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. The study would also determine the 

methods and means for the protection and interpretation of the corridor by federal, 

state or local government entities or private or non-profit organizations. Section 802 

(b) requires the Secretary to document the process used to develop the existing 

Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area Fire Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement, and to document all activity conducted pursuant to 

the plan designed to protect lives and property from wildfire. 

The Department supports enactment of Title VIII. The proposed study would explore ways to involve a wide range of Federal, state, local, and private entities to 

protect and interpret important natural and cultural resources, and to provide more 

access to outdoor recreational opportunities for the diverse urban communities in 

the Greater Los Angeles Metropolitan Area. While the Department does not object 

to the language in Section 802 (b), the documentation that this section requires is 

already a part of the public record and is not relevant to the Rim of the Valley Corridor Study. 

Title IX authorizes the Secretary to conduct a special resource study and evaluation of the ‘‘Ox-Bow Route’’ of the Butterfield Overland Trail in the states of Missouri, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California 

for potential inclusion in the National Trails System. The study would also determine the methods and means for the protection and interpretation of the corridor 

by federal, state or local government entities or private or non-profit organizations. 

The Department supports the enactment of Title IX. The Butterfield Overland 

Mail Route was the scene of biweekly stage coach and mail service between St. 

Louis, Missouri, and Memphis, Tennessee to San Francisco, California between 1858 

and 1861. When the category of ‘‘national historic trail’’ was first added to the National Trails System in 1978, the Department of the Interior developed a file of potential trails, including the Butterfield Overland Mail Route, but a formal study was 

never completed. 

Mr. Chairman, that concludes my testimony. I would be pleased to answer any 

questions you or the other members of the subcommittee may have. 

14 

S. 1633

Mr. Chairman, thank you for the opportunity to present the views of the Department of the Interior on S. 1633, a bill to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to 

conduct a special resource study to determine the suitability and feasibility of including the battlefields and related sites of the Battle of Shepherdstown in 

Shepherdstown, West Virginia, as part of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park 

or Antietam National Battlefield in the National Park System. 

The Department supports S. 1633. However, the Department feels that priority 

should be given to the 32 previously authorized studies for potential units of the 

National Park System, potential new National Heritage Areas, and potential additions to the National Trails System and National Wild and Scenic River System that 

have not yet been transmitted to the Congress. 

S. 1633 would authorize the Secretary to carry out a special resource study to determine the national significance of the Shepherdstown battlefield and related sites 

in Shepherdstown, West Virginia associated with the Civil War. The study would 

examine whether the area could be included in the Harpers Ferry National Historical Park or the Antietam National Battlefield. The bill also requires the Secretary 

to submit a report to Congress no later than 3 years after the date on which funds 

are made available to carry out this study. 

General Robert E. Lee invaded the North, with the intention of bringing Maryland into the Confederacy. Lee had a number of strategic reasons for the move. 

First, Lee’s troops were in much need of military aid and supplies and Maryland’s 

lands were rich in crops and untouched by battle. Second, Lee saw Maryland as a 

stepping stone to Pennsylvania, where he could draw the Union Army into a battle 

on ground of his own choosing. He could then threaten the cities of Washington, 

Baltimore, and Philadelphia and perhaps end the war in a short time. Finally, General Lee hoped that another Confederate victory, this time on Union soil, might also 

persuade Great Britain and France to grant diplomatic recognition to the South. 

As he had done before, Lee divided his army and sent ‘‘Stonewall’’ Jackson in to 

capture the Federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, with its huge store of supplies. But 

the people of Maryland looked on the hungry troops as invaders who had come to 

plunder their land. Another unfortunate thing happened. A Union private was resting near Frederick, Maryland and noticed an envelope in the grass. It was a copy 

of General Lee’s order to his generals outlining his plans. The paper was soon in 

the hands of General George B. McClellan. 

The Battle of Shepherdstown, also known as the Battle of Boteler’s Ford, was 

fought on September 19 and 20, 1862. There were over 600 casualties. General Lee 

had moved most of his army back across the Potomac River into Virginia leaving 

44 cannons to form an artillery reserve to protect the vital crossing point on the 

Potomac. General McClellan had given orders to pursue the enemy across the Potomac. In the confusion of battle, General Lee received an erroneous report that his 

cannons had been captured. Reacting to this misinformation, the Confederates sent 

a force back to recover the artillery. In the skirmish that followed on the bluffs of 

the Potomac, a large number of inexperienced Union troops with faulty equipment 

were killed. This convinced General McClellan that the Confederate Army was still 

full of fight and he decided to delay any further effort to pursue until reinforced. 

The battle was considered a Confederate victory. 

The Battle of Shepherdstown was the final engagement of the Maryland Campaign of 1862 that included the battles of Harpers Ferry, South Mountain, and Antietam and ended the Confederacy’s first invasion of the North. The National Park 

Service has provided information and interpretation on the Shepherdstown site at 

Harpers Ferry National Historical Park and Antietam National Battlefield for over 

20 years. 

A special resource study would provide alternatives for the appropriate way to 

preserve, to protect, and to interpret the Battle of Shepherdstown sites and resources. We estimate that the costs of completing this study would be approximately 

$250,000 to $300,000. 

That concludes my testimony. I would be happy to answer any questions you or 

other members of the subcommittee may have. 

S. 1993 AND H.R. 2197

Mr. Chairman and members of the subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity 

to present the views of the Department of the Interior on S. 1993 and H.R. 2197, 

bills to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to modify the boundary of Hopewell 

Culture National Historical Park (NHP) at the Seip Earthworks unit to conform 

with recognizable property lines and landscape features, and to add the Spruce Hill 

Works unit to the park. 

15 

The Department supports S. 1993 and H.R. 2197 as passed by the House. S. 1993 

and H.R. 2197 authorize the Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) to modify the 

boundaries of Hopewell Culture NHP and acquire lands only from willing sellers. 

Spruce Hill is an interesting and unique monumental ceremonial archeological 

site built approximately 2,000 years ago by the Ohio Hopewell culture. The site encloses the top of a hill on the edge of the Appalachian Plateau and overlooks Paint 

Creek near the town of Bourneville in Ross County, Ohio. Of the forty or more large 

monumental Hopewell culture earthworks, less than a dozen are hilltop enclosures. 

Spruce Hill is one of the larger examples of a hilltop site; its walls enclose 140 acres. 

It is one of three Hopewellian earthwork sites in the Eastern Woodlands where 

stone is used to construct its enclosing walls. It also is the only hilltop enclosure 

in the extensive complex of Hopewell earthworks in the Scioto valley around modern-day Chillicothe. All of the other sites in the vicinity are built on the valley 

floors. The site also has ‘‘enigmatic iron pit furnaces,’’ which continue to generate 

ardent discussions among archeologists. 

The interest in preserving the Spruce Hill Works dates back to the 1970s. In 

1972, the site was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 1980, Public 

Law 96-607 added a threatened earthwork site to the park and called on the Secretary to study other Ohio Hopewell culture sites and recommend sites for inclusion 

in the park. Spruce Hill was considered in this comprehensive study; however, since 

there had been limited modern archeology done at the site, Spruce Hill was recommended for further study. As a result, when Public Law 102-294 established 

Hopewell Culture National Historical Park by combining the existing Mound City 

Group National Monument with three new units, it directed the Secretary to study 

several other prehistoric Hopewell culture sites as potential additions to the park, 

including Spruce Hill. 

Between 1995 and 1998, NPS archeologists were allowed access to Spruce Hill by 

the landowner. They conducted investigations and prepared preliminary findings 

and a summary report by 1998. This report found the site significant and suitable 

for addition to the park. The report concluded that Spruce Hill is an outstanding 

example of a particular type of Hopewell culture monumental architecture, the hilltop enclosure, of which about a dozen are known and only one other, Fort Ancient 

State Memorial, a National Historic Landmark, compares to it in size. The site also 

is associated with early developments in American archeology and specifically with 

discussions of the origin and builders of the monumental earthworks in the eastern 

United States. The site has important natural resources as well, including vernal 

pools, breeding habitat for grassland birds whose populations are in decline in Ohio, 

and will help preserve the watershed of Paint Creek, a stream designated as Outstanding State Waters. The site offers outstanding opportunities to yield important 

scientific information on Hopewell hilltop sites, a type of feature that has not been 

well studied and is not represented in the park. 

The estimated land acquisition cost for the Spruce Hill site is $450,000 to 

$600,000. The property was purchased on June 12, 2007 by a coalition of local and 

national conservation groups headed by the Arc of Appalachia Preserve and the Archaeological Conservancy. These partners are willing sellers. One of the partners, 

the Arc of Appalachia Preserve, is interested in holding the property outside of the 

earthworks and managing the site cooperatively with the NPS. This would reduce 

the acquisition cost for the government. Public facilities, including parking, hiking 

trails, and wayside exhibits, would be relatively inexpensive, with visitor center and 

museum needs being served by the Seip Earthworks unit. The cost to develop these 

facilities would be approximately $250,000. The Ross County Parks Department has 

expressed an interest in cooperating with the development of these facilities. However, Federal funding for any new land acquisition and development would be subject to the budget prioritization process of the National Park Service. 

S. 1993 and H.R. 2197 authorize boundary adjustments at the Seip Earthworks 

unit, allowing for alignment of the boundaries with features that are readily recognizable such as streams and fence lines. The boundary changes also would help 

preserve additional riparian habitat along Paint Creek, and forestall the need to 

surplus excess lands and provide easements across or near the principle resource 

of the park. Most of the land in the proposed boundary modification at the Seip 

earthwork has already been purchased by the Federal government as uneconomical 

remnants or is owned by the Ohio Historical Society. These changes would provide 

more opportunities for research into habitation and craft production archeological 

sites and provide the earthwork remains with a greater buffer. Also, inclusion of all 

of the Ohio Historical Society-owned land at Seip Mound State Memorial would facilitate joint management agreements with the Society. The estimated cost to purchase the remaining private properties is $250,000 to $300,000. These properties 

would be purchased from willing sellers. 

16 

Passage of S. 1993 and H.R. 2197 would allow the National Park Service to preserve these unique earthworks, a distinctive form of ceremonialism and monumental 

architecture that involved constructing long earthen walls to enclose very large 

spaces. These earthworks, developed by an American Indian culture in the Ohio 

River valley around 200 B.C. to A.D. 500, form a significant example of our nation’s 

heritage. 

That concludes my statement. I would be glad to answer any questions that you 

or other members of the subcommittee might have. 

S. 2207

Mr. Chairman, thank you for the opportunity to present the views of the Department of the Interior on S. 2207, a bill to authorize the Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) to conduct a study to evaluate the national significance and the suitability 

and feasibility of designating the Green McAdoo School in Clinton, Tennessee, as 

a unit of the National Park System. 

The Department supports S. 2207 with two technical amendments described later 

in this testimony. However, the Department feels that priority should be given to 

the 32 previously authorized studies for potential units of the National Park System, potential new National Heritage Areas, and potential additions to the National 

Trails System and National Wild and Scenic River System that have not yet been 

transmitted to the Congress. 

The Secretary would use the criteria for the study under section 8 of Public Law 

91-383. Studies of this type typically cost approximately $250,000 and take three 

years to complete after funds are made available. 

S. 2207 would direct the Secretary to carry out a study of the formerly segregated 

African-American Green McAdoo School. The Green McAdoo School and the nearby 

all-white Clinton High School played an important role in school desegregation that 

preceded and followed the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education 

in 1954. 

The Federal District Court in Tennessee issued an order on January 4, 1956, requiring desegregation of Anderson County schools no later than the fall term, 1956. 

On Aug. 25, 1956, 12 students from the Green McAdoo School, later dubbed the 

‘‘Clinton 12’’ became the first African-American students to effect the integration of 

a southern, state-operated school. On September 1, 1956, Clinton was the first 

southern town to be occupied by National Guard troops in an effort to suppress violence sparked by protestors that were opposed to school integration. In 1958, the 

newly integrated Clinton High School was destroyed by explosives. 

Anderson County rebuilt Clinton High School. Green McAdoo and Clinton High 

are the only remaining schools associated with the historic Clinton desegregation 

crisis. After closing as a segregated school, the Green McAdoo School was reopened 

as a museum and cultural center in 2006. The Green McAdoo School is listed on 

the National Register of Historic Places. 

We recommend amending the short title of the bill on page 1 line 5 by striking 

‘‘National Historic Site’’ and inserting ‘‘Special Resource’’ before ‘‘Study’’ in order to 

not appear to have already determined the outcome of the study. We also recommend making a similar amendment on page 4 line 8 by inserting ‘‘special resource’’ before ‘‘study’’ to use the term for the proposed study that is normally used. 

That concludes my testimony. I would be happy to answer any questions you or 

other members of the subcommittee may have. 

S. 2254

Mr. Chairman and members of the Subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity 

to appear before you today to present the views of the Department of the Interior 

on S. 2254, a bill to establish the Mississippi Hills National Heritage Area in the 

State of Mississippi. 

The Department cannot support S. 2254 unless the bill is amended to be a feasibility study for a Mississippi Hills National Heritage Area in the State of Mississippi. The Department believes that a feasibility study should be required for 

every proposed national heritage area and the study should be evaluated against 

our interim criteria before designation. The standards for evaluating areas proposed 

for national designation are an essential element prior to establishing a national 

heritage area. A study should be prepared that demonstrates evidence of placebased resources that tell a nationally important story, which has the support and 

involvement of the local community. 

Although the Mississippi Hills Heritage Area Alliance has completed a ‘‘ThreeYear Strategic Plan for the Mississippi Hills Heritage Area’’ and an impressive 

array of partners and potential funders has been assembled, fundamental questions 

17 

have yet to be formally addressed regarding the region’s eligibility for designation 

as a national heritage area. 

The Department is willing to provide advice or assistance in the completion of a 

study that meets applicable standards and provides Congress with the necessary information and assessment upon which to base its decision regarding designation in 

the future. 

With 37 national heritage areas designated across 27 states, and more heritage 

area legislative proposals forthcoming, the Administration believes it is critical for 

Congress to enact national heritage area program legislation. This legislation would 

provide a much-needed framework for evaluating proposed national heritage areas, 

offering guidelines for successful planning and management, clarifying the roles and 

responsibilities of all parties, and standardizing timeframes and funding for designated areas. Program legislation would also clarify the expectation that heritage 

areas would work toward self-sufficiency by outlining the necessary steps, including 

appropriate planning, to achieve that goal. 

S. 2254 would establish the Mississippi Hills National Heritage Area in northeast 

Mississippi. The area would encompass all or part of 30 counties. It would also include the Delta National Forest. The bill designates the Mississippi Hills Heritage 

Area Alliance as the management entity. The Alliance is a non-profit organization 

registered by the State of Mississippi, with the cooperation and support of the University of Mississippi. The bill provides for the development of a management plan 

that would inventory resources of the area, recommend conservation measures, 

identify sources of funding, and consider public involvement mechanisms. 

The bill would authorize Mississippi Hills National Heritage Area to promote and 

help conserve a number of important natural and cultural resources. Included within its proposed boundaries are the sites of important Civil War battles, the birthplaces of a number of noteworthy Americans, the first public college for women in 

the United States, the Mississippi University for Women, and Rust College, founded 

in 1866, which is one of the oldest black colleges in the United States. The proposed 

Mississippi National Heritage Area would encompass the Natchez Trace Parkway; 

the Holly Springs and Tombigbee National Forests; the Sardis, Enid, and Grenada 

Lakes; the Strawberry Plains State Audubon Center; the Tishomingo State Park; 

and the Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge. 

Mr. Chairman, the Department is prepared to work with the subcommittee on 

amending S. 2254 to authorize a feasibility study for a Mississippi Hills National 

Heritage Area, in the State of Mississippi. 

This concludes my prepared remarks. I would be pleased to answer any questions 

you or any members of the Subcommittee may have. 

S. 2329 AND H.R. 2627

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, thank you for the opportunity to 

appear before you to present the views of the Department of the Interior on S. 2329 

and H.R. 2627, bills to establish the Thomas Edison National Historical Park as the 

successor to the Edison National Historic Site. 

The Department supports enactment of these bills. 

Thomas Alva Edison was a prodigious inventor who revolutionized how the Nation communicated, harnessed and distributed power, and translated pure technology into commercial products. Edison National Historic Site, located in West Orange, New Jersey, was Thomas Edison’s second research and development facility. 

After closing his first operation in Menlo Park, Edison established the West Orange 

laboratory in 1887. The hub of Edison’s manufacturing operations until his death 

in 1931, the laboratory was the most productive of all in terms of sheer quantity 

of inventions. In fact, more than half of Edison’s 1,093 U.S. patents were developed 

at this location including his improved phonograph, the nickel-iron-alkaline battery, 

and a fluoroscope used in the first x-ray operation in America. It was here, too, that 

Edison established his motion picture studio, the ‘‘Black Maria’’, in 1893. 

In 1962, Congress designated the Edison Laboratory National Monument and Edison Home National Historic Site as the Edison National Historic Site. Glenmont, 

the home Edison purchased in 1886, and lived in with his second wife, Mina Miller 

Edison, is located in nearby Llewellyn Park. The 29-room mansion is built of wood, 

brick and stone and typifies the eclectic Queen Anne style popular in the 1880s and 

1890s. Both Edison and his second wife are buried behind Glenmont. 

S. 2329 and H.R. 2627 would redesignate the Edison National Historic Site as the 

Thomas Edison National Historical Park. We believe this redesignation to be appropriate for two main reasons. First, the term ‘‘National Historical Park’’ generally applies to parks that extend beyond single properties or buildings. This unit of the National Park System includes both the laboratory in West Orange and the separate 

18 

home established by Edison in nearby Llewellyn Park, one mile away. They are two 

distinct units with different interpretive themes, resource management issues, and 

operational challenges. 

Second, with completion of the current rehabilitation project at the laboratory 

complex, the unit’s complexity will increase and the term ‘‘National Historic Site’’ 

no longer adequately reflects the nature of the various themes that will be interpreted to serve the expected increase in visitation. Educational and interpretive programs linking the laboratory and the Edison home will become more sophisticated 

and are better represented by the term ‘‘National Historical Park’’ to reflect these 

non-contiguous parcels with a shared link to Thomas Edison. 

Mr. Chairman, this concludes my statement and I will be happy to answer any 

questions that you or members of the Committee may have. 

S. 2512

Mr. Chairman and members of the Subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity 

to appear before you today to present the views of the Department of the Interior 

on S. 2512, a bill to establish the Mississippi Delta National Heritage Area in the 

State of Mississippi. 

The Department cannot support S. 2512 unless the bill is amended to be a feasibility study for a Mississippi Delta National Heritage Area. The Department believes that a feasibility study should be required for every proposed national heritage area and the study should be evaluated against our interim criteria before designation. The standards for evaluating areas proposed for national designation are 

an essential element prior to establishing a national heritage area. A study should 

be prepared that demonstrates evidence of place-based resources that tell a nationally important story, which has the support and involvement of the local community. 

Various congressionally mandated studies have previously gathered information 

on the Mississippi Delta region, including the Lower Mississippi Delta Region Heritage Study and the Mississippi River Corridor Study. While these studies have confirmed the importance and significance of the Mississippi Delta region, they were 

undertaken before generally accepted criteria for designating heritage areas had 

been established, and were directed at a much larger region than the area encompassed by this bill. 

The Department is willing to provide advice or assistance in the completion of a 

study that meets applicable standards and provides Congress with the necessary information and assessment upon which to base its decision regarding designation in 

the future. 

With 37 national heritage areas designated across 27 states, and more heritage 

area legislative proposals forthcoming, the Administration believes it is critical for 

Congress to enact national heritage area program legislation. This legislation would 

provide a much-needed framework for evaluating proposed national heritage areas, 

offering guidelines for successful planning and management, clarifying the roles and 

responsibilities of all parties, and standardizing timeframes and funding for designated areas. Program legislation would also clarify the expectation that heritage 

areas would work toward self-sufficiency by outlining the necessary steps, including 

appropriate planning, to achieve that goal. 

The Mississippi River’s role as a major transporter of goods and people has long 

influenced the Delta’s history and character. Since the earliest days of human habitation, the Mississippi River has been essential for transportation, communication, 

and commerce. The river and associated ecosystems are part of North America’s 

largest wetland area and provide habitat for a wide variety of flora, fauna, and 

aquatic species. Archeological sites across the Delta attest to the thousands of years 

of human occupation. The Mississippi Delta’s cultural traditions are rich and diverse; it is a land of converging cultures. The Delta has also been the site of a number of important historic events, such as the Great Flood of 1927 and the Civil 

Rights Movement. 

S. 2512 would establish a Mississippi Delta National Heritage Area along the 

lines outlined in the Lower Mississippi Delta Region Heritage Study, but covering 

a substantially smaller area, located entirely in the State of Mississippi. It would 

include some 18 counties in the State located within the alluvial floodplain of the 

Mississippi River. It would also encompass the Delta National Forest. 

The bill designates the Mississippi Delta National Heritage Area Partnership as 

the coordinating entity of the heritage area. The Partnership is to be governed by 

a board of directors composed of 15 members. The members are to be appointed by 

various entities, including the Governor; various universities, councils, and commissions; and County boards from the heritage area. 

19 

Mr. Chairman, the Department is prepared to work with the subcommittee on 

amending S. 2512 to authorize a feasibility study for a Mississippi Delta National 

Heritage Area. 

This concludes my prepared remarks. I would be pleased to answer any questions 

you or any members of the Subcommittee may have. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much, Director Stevenson. Secretary Scarlett, with respect to the Kalaupapa bill and just to make 

sure I understand your position. The Park Service doesn’t oppose 

a memorial at the park, but you think it should be built somewhere 

in the Kalaupapa community and not in a more remote area of the 

park. Is that correct? 

Ms. SCARLETT. Senator, as I noted, we certainly support the purposes of the bill and acknowledge the importance of the memorial. 

We want to affirm that we think it’s important that the Secretary 

have final approval on the location. There are considerations such 

as access by the public to the memorial which we think at the 

Kalaupapa settlement might be more feasible than elsewhere. 

But we certainly would like to work with you as we move forward should this bill pass and the memorial actually be constructed. 

Senator AKAKA. I understand that there may be concerns that 

the Park Service has already made up its mind about where the 

memorial should be located. From what you just said, we can still 

work on it. 

Ms. SCARLETT. We would very much like to work with you on 

that, yes. I do want to, again affirm, the Park Service operating the 

many units that it has always is concerned about public access, 

and that certainly has resulted in their having some thoughts on 

this that we’d like to work with you on. 

Senator AKAKA. There are some considerations that we want, for 

the reasons that we want to keep it open. That is that a group 

called Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa has recommendations into the consideration of the place. The specific details of the memorial and especially if they are responsible for financing and building the memorial we’d like to certainly keep that open and work together on 

that. 

Secretary Scarlett, my next question is on S. 2262 and the Preserve America Program. Section 103 of that bill states that marketing projects are one of the activities eligible to receive a grant 

to the Preserve America Program. Could you explain why marketing research and plans are an appropriate use of limited historic 

preservation funds and could those funds be better spent preserving nationally significant structures? 

Ms. SCARLETT. Senator, the Preserve America Program complements other historic preservation programs that invest in protecting buildings, bricks and mortars and so forth, and one of the 

key purposes of Preserve America is to link historic structures in 

places through economic development and through heritage tourism. A key part of that is serving and inventorying places, creating 

signage and then doing other activities that make people aware of 

the opportunities, for example, to come to and visit historic places 

in a community. 

So we have done several rounds of grants. We have five categories. Marketing is one of them. 

20 

But marketing is very much tied to adaptive re-use of locations, 

weaving them into the economic opportunities of those communities. I think that is an unfulfilled or otherwise unmet need with 

respect to Federal resources for these nationally important places. 

Senator AKAKA. Ms. Stevenson, in your testimony, S. 2254. On 

this 2254, you state that you cannot support designation of the 

Mississippi Hills Heritage Area until a feasibility study is first 

completed. My understanding is that the Mississippi Hills Heritage 

Area Alliance has completed a strategic plan for the proposed area. 

Has the Park Service reviewed this plan? Do you know whether 

it meets the standards for heritage area studies? 

Ms. STEVENSON. Sir, we have reviewed the plan. It does not meet 

the criteria. As you know, the criteria for heritage areas have a requirement to have several components. I believe there are seven 

elements that are identified as heritage area components. 

Those heritage area components make up things like the significance, the individual significance of nationally significant areas. It 

talks about the boundaries of a heritage area. It talks about the financial feasibility. It talks about the involvement, the community 

involvement, and other elements like that. 

The strategic plan presented for the Mississippi Hills National 

Heritage Area doesn’t really cover all of those areas. So we can’t 

evaluate clearly whether or not it meets the criteria for a National 

Heritage Area. The study that we propose would meet such a criteria. We’d be very happy to work with the Mississippi Hills supporters in order to help them develop such a study. 

Senator AKAKA. After now that you’ve reviewed it, let me ask 

what additional information could a feasibility study provide that 

is not included in the alliance’s strategic plan? 

Ms. STEVENSON. I talked about those seven criteria. Those are 

the ones that are essential to be covered. I haven’t myself read the 

strategic plan, so I can’t identify for you which of those is missing 

in the plan. 

But it’s a study of 30 counties. So it’s a pretty big area to be 

studied. We’d have to focus on what makes the area of national significance, what specific sites lead to that national significance, and 

how they would be developed along with an economic plan, a marketing study, and a financial plan. 

Senator AKAKA. My final question is on S. 2207, the Green 

McAdoo School study. As you know approximately ten years ago 

the National Park Service completed a special resource study regarding Charleston, Arkansas. Subsequently, Congress designated 

Charleston a national commemorative site to recognize the 

Charleston School District as the first previously segregated public 

school district to integrate following the Supreme Court’s decision 

in Brown vs. the Board of Education. 

What do you expect to add to the story of school integration with 

the Green McAdoo School Study? 

Ms. STEVENSON. Senator, in Charleston, the Charleston School 

Study showed that in 1954, the Charleston School Board willingly 

allowed black students to attend the school. So that was a very 

early recognition of the significance of integration. In the Green 

McAdoo School situation, initially the community opposed integration. They sued to keep integration from happening. 

21 

In 1952 the Federal judge, Federal Judge Taylor, upheld the 

local school board and determined that the school would not have 

to be integrated. Then when Brown vs. the Board of Education 

passed, the U.S. Court of Appeals reversed Judge Taylor’s determination and returned it to the Federal district court. The school 

board delayed opening the school in 1955 and then finally Judge 

Taylor told them they would have to integrate the school. 

So when that happened, as Senator Alexander said, the school 

board acquiesced. In the fall term of 1956, the school was integrated. So the significance of the McAdoo School has to do with the 

implementation of the Brown vs. the Board of Education by the 

Federal courts as opposed to the Charleston Schools, which willingly went along and obviously did a very noble thing in doing that 

without any Federal pressure. 

But they’re two different kinds of sides of the coin of the Federal 

Government taking an active role in making sure that the Supreme 

Court decision was upheld. So they will be compared and contrasted. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much for your responses. 

Ms. STEVENSON. You’re welcome. 

Senator AKAKA. Senator Burr. 

Senator BURR. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Ms. Scarlett, how 

much funding does Congress typically appropriate for each of the 

programs? I’m referring to America’s Treasures and Preserve 

America’s—— 

Ms. SCARLETT. Senator, that has varied over time. The Preserve 

America Program is new. The overall initiative began in 2003 with 

the President’s Executive Order on Preserve America. The funding 

by the appropriators of grants did not begin until about 2 years 

ago. So I believe total funding to date has been approximately $13 

million, so, incrementally the grant program has gotten larger over 

the last several years. 

Save America’s Treasures, which got underway in 1998–99, has had a longer track record. We have several hundred, $260 plus million that have been expended for the purposes of restoring buildings of historic significance. 

Senator BURR. The purpose of this is the permanency of the two 

programs. 

Ms. SCARLETT. That’s correct. 

Senator BURR. Ok, great. Ms. Stevenson, S. 1633, about the 

Shepherdstown, West Virginia feasibility study. How much of the 

proposed area remains currently undeveloped and in a condition to 

accurately interpret its significance? 

Ms. STEVENSON. The Civil War sites report of 1993 said that it 

was a priority three site, which means that it’s important, but that 

the integrity is fair. However, the core to the property, which is 17 

acres, I understand is significantly more preserved than some of 

the rest of the property. So that would be the highest priority. 

Senator BURR. Is any of that property currently owned by the 

Department of the Interior? 

Ms. STEVENSON. I don’t believe so. 

Senator BURR. Ok. 

Ms. STEVENSON. But I would have to provide an answer to you 

after. 

22 

Senator BURR. It’s my hope we will handle that expeditiously. If 

I could move to S. 2329. What’s the advantage to being designated 

a national historic park instead of a national historic site? 

Ms. SCARLETT. Senator, in the National Park System we have a 

number of different kinds of designations, and typically a National 

Park is a site with greater complexity, multiple sites, multiple 

buildings, multiple interpretive stories to tell, whereas something 

designated as a National Historic Site would be a single location. 

In the particular instance of the Edison Legacy with the residence and the lab, it really aligns with our definition of a park in 

that it is two units, two separate sets of infrastructure and we believe that it gives it both an elevated recognition and also recognition of the extent of history at that particular site and the multiple 

stories told there. 

Senator BURR. Just because somebody has to ask this question. 

Has the Park Service run the numbers on what it will cost just to 

change the signage to re-designate it a national park vs. a national 

historic site? 

Ms. SCARLETT. I’m sure we can get you those numbers, but we 

strive to be extraordinarily efficient at our signage. So we’ll let you 

know what that costs. 

Senator BURR. I’m sure you will. I would appreciate it just for 

the record. 

Ms. SCARLETT. We will get that for you. 

Senator BURR. Senator Akaka and I would expect to be asked 

that at some point or for somebody to look for that in the testimony 

today. 

S. 2512, the Mississippi Delta National Heritage Area designation. I heard what you said and the need for a study. Let me ask 

you how many American Heritage Areas currently exist and how 

many of those were designated without a study? 

Ms. STEVENSON. I don’t know the correct answer to how many 

are presently designated although I’m sure I could look that up. 

Ms. SCARLETT. Senator, there are 37. 

Ms. STEVENSON. Thirty-seven. 

Senator BURR. Thank you. 

Ms. STEVENSON. Ok. How many were designated without a 

study? Very few. 

What happened early on was that as we were developing the criteria for heritage areas the studies that were produced, and they 

were probably in the first few heritage areas that were done, led 

the way for us to understand what kind of criteria were necessary. 

Once those areas were designated, we began to work actually with 

the Senate in trying to identify which criteria were the elements 

that needed to be studied. We then took the stand that unless the 

potential heritage areas met all of the criteria, we would oppose 

them. So I think it’s a very small number that have been designated without meeting the criteria. 

Ms. SCARLETT. Senator, I believe that it’s about, three. 

Senator BURR. Yes, I asked the question for a very specific reason because I wanted to hear the Service restate exactly what collectively we were after. That’s a set of guidelines for the future. 

The purpose of guidelines are not to find new ways to circumvent 

them, but to encourage everybody that if they want to have that 

23 

designation to go through that study so that we can fully understand the value of it, the need for it. 

More importantly we can cherish, you know, that it’s part of the 

inventory because we did our homework first. So I thank you for 

restating those guidelines. 

Ms. SCARLETT. Thank you, Senator. 

Senator BURR. H.R. 3998, the Special Resource Study on certain 

lands. The bill directs the Secretary of the Interior to conduct special resource studies on nine sites, a combined nine separate House 

bills and a single piece of legislation. I’ve received emails and calls 

from private property rights groups expressing concern on one of 

the provisions, the Rim of the Valley Corridor Study. Specifically 

what role will the public have in the studies authorized by 3998? 

Ms. STEVENSON. The National Park Service has very strong 

guidelines on public involvement. We are going to involve the public at great length in any study that’s authorized. As you know, 

Santa Monica Mountains has an enormous amount of land. I think 

it’s more than 50 percent that’s privately owned within its boundaries. 

We acquire land only from willing sellers. Even if we were to authorize it as a unit of the National Park System, we are committed 

to hearing the public and to working with them. 

In the area now designated within Santa Monica Mountains, the 

property owners are very supportive. They found that it’s led to a 

quality of life that supports the type of life they want. We would 

like to keep the relationship positive with them as well as with any 

potential landowners within a new boundary. 

Senator BURR. So I could take from that that they will be notified of the studies. More importantly, any comments they would 

like to make would be submitted as part of the record? 

Ms. STEVENSON. Yes, sir. 

Senator BURR. Thank you. Mr. Chairman, let me say my lack of 

questions on any other piece of legislation is not indicative of any 

lack of support. It’s my belief that those who have presented and 

the pieces of legislation we have before us are relatively easy for 

us to look at and understand that this is something that we should 

do. 

There are several that I think the Park Service and the Interior 

have expressed concerns on. I think the committee should take that 

to heart as we decide how we proceed. But I certainly look forward 

to expeditiously handling many of these pieces of legislation. I 

thank the Chair. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you, Senator Burr. It’s correct that we’re 

asking these questions to understand what your testimony is all 

about. We will certainly try to move this as expeditiously as we 

can. 

So, I want to thank both of you very much for your testimonies 

today. You’ve been very helpful for the committee. Thank you. 

Ms. SCARLETT. Thank you. 

Ms. STEVENSON. Thank you very much. 

Senator AKAKA. Now I’d like to call on our next panel. I want to 

welcome Honorable Jim Surkamp, Commissioner, Jefferson County 

Commission, Charles Town, West Virginia. Welcome. 

24 

Yes, and Richard Moe, President, National Trust for Historic 

Preservation. Welcome. We look forward to your testimony. Commissioner, will you please begin. 

STATEMENT OF JAMES T. SURKAMP, COMMISSIONER, 

JEFFERSON COUNTY COMMISSION, CHARLES TOWN, WV 

Mr. SURKAMP. Ok. I’m here today to speak not only for myself, 

but for the other county commissioners in Jefferson County. I’d like 

to add my voice to such renowned historians as James McPherson 

to preserve a pivotally important, pristine, but endangered battlefield, called the Shepherdstown Battlefield. 

The 2-day battle of Shepherdstown, just 2 days after the bloodiest day of American military history at Antietam and Sharpsburg, 

had a major impact on the outcome of the Civil War that far exceeded its tactical implications. Instead of continuing with the plan 

to re-invade Maryland and fight on, General Robert E. Lee, ordered 

his army south and what the world saw as a defeat. The world included the governments of England and France, who were likely to 

recognize the Confederacy if a military victory could have been accomplished. 

Moreover, Lee’s retreat on September 20, 1862, convinced President Abraham Lincoln. He did indeed finally have, the battlefield 

victory that he believed was a necessary precondition for the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation. What America 

stood for was thus changed forever. 

By many historians the army of Northern Virginia, September 

1862, Maryland campaign, is regarded as the most pivotal and perhaps turning point of the Civil War. The campaign involved three 

battles: South Mountain in Maryland on September 14, Antietam 

and Sharpsburg on the 17th and Shepherdstown and then Virginia 

on September 19 and 20. The campaign’s goal was two fold. A 

major military victory in the North might No. 1, convince the citizens of Maryland to secede from the United States. Two, obtain 

recognition of the Confederate governments legitimacy from England and France. 

Moreover, President Abraham Lincoln was hoping for a victory 

by General George McClellan’s Army of the Potomac so that he 

would be able to announce the aforesaid Emancipation. After the 

Battle of Antietam General Lee ordered the Army of Northern Virginia to retreat across back into Virginia, across the Potomac River 

at Bottler’s Ford about a mile from Shepherdstown. It was his intention to continue the Maryland campaign by re-entering Maryland by crossing the river at Williamsport further up the river. 

He ordered General Jeb Stuart’s cavalry to ford the river at Williamsport and to screen the fort from Union observation. In two 

dispatches to Jefferson Davis, General Lee revealed his intention 

to ford the river at Williamsport and continue the Maryland campaign. However, early on the afternoon of September 19, General 

Lee left Major General William Pendleton on the bluffs overlooking 

Bottler’s Ford with 34 artillery pieces and about 600 infantry to 

cover the retreat and guard the movement of Lee’s army through 

Martinsburg, Virginia to the ford at Williamsport. 

Pendleton had never commanded troops in battle. When the 

Union artillery devastated his gunners and the Union infantry 

25 

started to cross the Potomac, he panicked. He left the battlefield 

looking for help and found Lee near midnight. 

His report was that he had lost all his artillery and the Union 

army had captured the south bank of the Potomac. Ironically, his 

troops were better behaved than their commander and 30 artillery 

pieces were saved. While the Confederates had retreated from the 

Potomac, the Union forces after capturing South Bank returned to 

the Maryland side in the early evening. 

This is a battle that involved famous generals. Lee ordered General Stonewall Jackson to send troops back to the ford. He’s refocusing away from Williamsport. Jackson was to stem the tide of 

the Union army. Jackson with A.P. Hill and his light division consisting of numerous units from North Carolina and South Carolina 

started a march to the forded dawn on September 20. 

At about the same time the Union army sent 3,000 troop reconnaissance and force south of the river in order to locate the Confederate Army. The two armies clashed at about 10 a.m. approximately a mile and a half south of the river. The Union Army was 

out manned by two to one and began a retreat back toward the 

river. Two armies fought for 5 hours as the Union troops made 

their way back to Maryland. In total about 9,000 troops took part 

in the Battle of Shepherdstown incurring 677 casualties equally divided. 

What is the importance of the Battle of Shepherdstown? It’s not 

just because it was the most important Civil War battle in the 

State of what was now called West Virginia. The consequences of 

the Battle of Shepherdstown are far more important for the entire 

Nation than just the military action. This is because Lee believed 

Pendleton’s report and assumed he was being pursued aggressively 

by General McClellan. 

The Confederate Commander changed his plans. On September 

20 orders his troops south toward Winchester. Had he not revised 

his plan, a way for him to go back into Maryland, the Battle of Gettysburg might have occurred in September of 1862 with a vastly 

different result compared with a year later. 

In 1862 Stonewall Jackson is still alive. Jeb Stuart’s cavalry was 

in the right place and Lee’s opponent would have been the ever 

cautious General McClellan. Perhaps the Emancipation Proclamation would have been delayed or never issued by Lincoln. 

As a result the Battle of Shepherdstown, Maryland remained a 

border State. England and France did not recognize the Confederacy. Abraham Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation. 

About 4 years ago the Shepherdstown Battlefield Association was 

formed with support from numerous historians such as Mr. 

McPherson to save and protect about one half of the Battlefield’s 

640 acres. Conservation easements have been placed on 84 acres of 

the site that are owned by members of the SBPA. Two years ago 

a transportation enhancement grant of $100,000 was secured to 

help purchase battlefield land. 

The Civil War Preservation Trust agreed to provide matching 

funds. As I said earlier the Jefferson County Commission believes 

very strongly in preserving this pristine battlefield amidst a lot of 

26 

growth pressures, allocated 100,000 to help purchase the Battlefield. Thank you for the opportunity. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Surkamp follows:] 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF JAMES T. SURKAMP, COMMISSIONER, JEFFERSON COUNTY

COMMISSION, CHARLES TOWN, WV 

INTRODUCTION

The two-day Battle of Shepherdstown—just days after the bloodiest day in American military history at Antietam—had a major impact on the outcome of the Civil 

War that far exceeded its tactical implications. Instead of continuing with a plan 

to re-invade Maryland and fight on, General Robert E. Lee ordered his army south 

in what the world saw as a defeat. The world included the governments of England 

and France which were likely to recognize the Confederacy, if a military victory 

could have been accomplished. Seeing Lee retreat on September 20, 1862 convinced 

President Abraham Lincoln that he did, indeed, finally have the battlefield victory 

that he believed was a necessary precondition for the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation. What America stood for was thus changed forever. 

THE MARYLAND CAMPAIGN

By many historians, the Army of Northern Virginia’s September 1862 Maryland 

Campaign is regarded as the most pivotal, and, perhaps the turning point of the 

Civil War. The Campaign involved three battles: South Mountain on September 14; 

Antietam on September 17; and, Shepherdstown on September 19-20. The campaign’s goal was two-fold. A major military victory in the north might: 1) convince 

the citizens of Maryland to secede from the United States; and, 2) obtain recognition 

of the Confederate government’s legitimacy from England and France. President 

Abraham Lincoln was hoping for a victory by General George McClellan’s Army of 

the Potomac so that he would be able to announce the Emancipation Proclamation. 

After the Battle of Antietam, Lee ordered the Army of Northern Virginia to retreat across the Potomac River at Boteler’s Ford, about 1 mile east of 

Shepherdstown. It was his intention to continue the Maryland Campaign by reentering Maryland by crossing the river at Williamsport. He ordered JEB Stuart’s cavalry to ford the river at Williamsport and to screen the ford from Union observation. 

In two dispatches to Jefferson Davis, Lee revealed his intention to ford the river 

at Williamsport and continue the Maryland Campaign. These dispatches can be 

found in The WAR OF THE REBELLION: A Compilation of the Official Records of 

the Union And Confederate Armies. Series I—Volume XIX, Part I—Reports. 

Late on the afternoon of September 19, Lee left Major General William Pendleton 

on the bluffs overlooking Boteler’s Ford with 34 artillery pieces and about 600 infantry to cover the retreat and guard the movement of Lee’s army through Martinsburg 

to the ford at Williamsport. Pendleton had never commanded troops in battle and 

when the Union artillery devastated his gunners and the Union infantry started to 

cross the Potomac, he panicked. He left the battlefield looking for help and found 

Lee near midnight; his report was that he had lost all his artillery and the Union 

Army had captured the south bank of the Potomac. Ironically, his troops were better 

behaved than their commander and 30 artillery pieces were saved. And, while the 

Confederates had retreated from the Potomac, the Union forces, after capturing the 

south bank returned to the Maryland side in the early evening. 

Lee ordered General ‘‘Stonewall’’ Jackson to send troops back to the ford to stem 

the tide of the Union Army. Jackson, with A.P.Hill and his ‘‘Light Division’’ started 

a march to the ford at dawn on September 20. At about the same time, the Union 

Army sent a 3000 troop reconnaissance in force south of the river in order to locate 

the Confederate Army. The two armies clashed at about 10:00AM, approximately 1 

1/2 miles south of the river. The Union Army was out-manned by about 2 to l and 

began a retreat back toward the river. The two armies fought for about 4-5 hours 

as the Union troops made their way back to Maryland. In total, about 9,000 troops 

took part in the Battle of Shepherdstown incurring 677 casualties about equally divided between the two armies. 

CONCLUSION

The importance of the Battle of Shepherdstown is not just because it was the most 

important Civil War battle fought in what was to become the state of West Virginia. 

The consequences of the Battle of Shepherdstown are far more important for the entire nation than just the military action. Lee, because he believed Pendleton’s report, assumed that he was being pursued aggressively by McClellan. The ConfedVerDate Aug 31 2005 12:36 Sep 09, 2008 Jkt 043391 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6621 G:\DOCS\44163.TXT SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA
27 

erate commander changed his plans and, on September 20, ordered his troops south 

toward Winchester. Had he not revised his plan, the Battle of Gettysburg might 

have occurred in September 1862 with a vastly different result when compared with 

July 1863. In 1862, ‘‘Stonewall’’ Jackson was still alive, JEB Stuart’s cavalry was 

in the right place, and Lee’s opponent, would have been the ever-cautious McClellan. Perhaps the Emancipation Proclamation would have been delayed or never 

issued by Lincoln. 

As a result of the Battle of Shepherdstown: 1) Maryland remained a border state 

within the Union; 2) England and France did not recognize the Confederate government; and, 3) Abraham. Lincoln, with the total withdrawal of the Army of Northern 

Virginia could claim a Union victory and announce the Emancipation Proclamation. 

BATTLEFIELD PRESERVATION

About 4 years ago, the Shepherdstown Battlefield Preservation Association Inc. 

(SBPA) was formed to save and protect about one-half of the battlefield’s 640 acres. 

Conservation easements have been placed on 84 acres of the site that are owned 

by members of SBPA. In 2006, a Transportation Enhancement Grant of $100,000 

was secured to help purchase battlefield land and the Civil War Preservation Trust 

agreed to provide the matching funds. In addition, last year, the County Commission of Jefferson County allocated $100,000 to help purchase battlefield land. 

STATEMENT OF RICHARD MOE, PRESIDENT, THE NATIONAL 

TRUST FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION 

Mr. MOE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. My name is Richard Moe 

and I’m the President of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. I appreciate your ongoing commitment to historic preservation, Senator, in particular your leadership for the Tomb of the Unknowns. 

Senator Burr, thank you for your leadership, the commitment to 

the historic preservation and for your sponsorship of this bill that 

I’m speaking about today, S. 2262 that would authorize both the 

Preserve America and the Save America’s Treasures Programs. I 

also wanted to thank Senator Bingaman and others who have 

joined in supporting this legislation. 

The National Trust joins the Administration in supporting this 

measure and is very grateful to Senators Clinton and Domenici for 

their leadership in sponsoring the bill. Let me just say from the 

outset that while each of these historic preservation initiatives 

apply to projects of a different nature, Save America’s Treasures 

for bricks and mortar and Preserve America for heritage education 

and outreach, it’s very important in my view that they should be 

seen as mutually supportive and complementary of each other in 

order to maximize Federal resources and goals in saving the Nation’s historic assets. We already know that Preserve America and 

Save America’s Treasures are working together at specific locations 

throughout the country. This is as it should be. As Secretary 

Scarlett so ably apprised you of this Administration’s new program, 

Preserve America and the National Trust is a principle private 

partner of Save America’s Treasures. 

I’m just going to say a few words this morning, this afternoon 

about Save America’s Treasures. It’s correct to assume however 

that a very large inventory of Save America’s Treasures bricks and 

mortar recipients would benefit greatly from Preserve America 

awards that provide funds for the planning process needed to qualify for Save America’s Treasures support and essential education 

and outreach activities to increase the value of Save America’s 

Treasures funded restoration. Save America’s Treasures was established a decade ago as has been stated. 

28 

It had been basically to celebrate the millennium and to highlight the importance of history as we entered the 21st century. 

With broad bipartisan support in Congress and the leadership of 

two first ladies initiated by the Clinton Administration and continued by the Bush Administration, Save America’s Treasures has 

provided more than $264 million in Federal challenge grants to 

1,024 historic preservation projects through 2007. These funds 

have helped to bring new life to irreplaceable historic treasures including buildings, documents and works of art in virtually every 

State, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 

Each dollar from Washington is matched one for one by non-Federal contributions in every one of these projects. Creative partnerships are the backbone of Save America’s Treasures. Enable it to 

leverage millions of additional dollars from foundations, corporations, and individuals. That has literally made the difference in 

saving hundreds of historic sites and collections around the country. 

Now with all of this tremendous success and support, however, 

Save America’s Treasures and Preserve America are unauthorized 

and funded on a year to year basis through the annual appropriations process. So the national trust and the Administration and 

others would like to see Congress authorize these two programs 

with a long term programmatic and funding vision that would enable both programs to work in harmony with the other components 

of the national historic preservation program, which as you know 

is quite extensive. Authorization would qualify the successful implementation and practices of a 10-year-old initiative along with its 

newer partner. I think this is a step in the right direction. 

Now there are many examples of wonderful Save America’s 

Treasures projects all over the country. But I picked out one here 

that I wanted to tell you about. I just picked the State at random. 

This happens to be in Hawaii, Senator Akaka. I know you’re familiar with this project. It’s Kawaiahao, if I have that correct. If 

I don’t I know you’ll correct me. 

But this is 1842 church, known as the West Minister Abbey of 

Hawaii. It’s the first Christian Church in Hawaii. It received a 

$500,000 Save America’s Treasures grant just last year for its archives and its collection. That’s illustrative of the kind of grants 

that have been made throughout its history. Save America’s Treasures and Preserve America really reflect in my view, the bipartisan 

commitment that is characterized historic preservation policy in 

Congress and the White House over the years. I think that’s as it 

should be. 

SAT was created during a democratic administration and embraced by the Bush Administration and Congressional Republicans. 

Likewise, Preserve America was created during a Republican Administration. It’s now supported by members up here on both sides 

of the aisle. This is the strongest possible signal that authorizing 

both programs makes sense when bipartisanship is sometimes an 

elusive quality. 

With your permission, Mr. Chairman, I’m attaching to my written remarks a more comprehensive description of the statistical information on these programs. Thank you. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Moe follows:] 

29 

PREPARED STATEMENT OF RICHARD MOE, PRESIDENT, THE NATIONAL TRUST FOR

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

S. 2262

Mr. Chairman and members of the Subcommittee, good morning. My name is 

Richard Moe and I am the President of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. 

For more than 50 years, the National Trust has been helping to protect the nation’s 

historic resources as a Congressionally chartered, private, nonprofit membership organization dedicated to protecting the irreplaceable. Recipient of the National Humanities Medal, the Trust provides leadership, education, and advocacy to save 

America’s diverse historic places and revitalize communities. With over a quartermillion members and thousands of local community groups in all 50 states, the 

Trust is the leader of a vigorous preservation movement that is saving the best of 

our past for the future. Its mission has expanded since its founding in 1949 just 

as the need for historic preservation has grown. When historic buildings and neighborhoods are torn down or allowed to deteriorate, we not only lose a part of our past 

forever, we also lose a chance to revitalize our communities. 

I am here to speak to you today about S. 2262 that would authorize both the Preserve America (PA) and Save America’s Treasures (SAT) programs. The National 

Trust supports this measure and is grateful to Senators Clinton and Domenici for 

their leadership in sponsoring the bill. Let me say from the outset that, while each 

of these historic preservation initiatives apply to projects of a different nature—SAT 

for ‘‘bricks and mortar’’ preservation and PA for heritage education and outreach, 

it is important that they should be mutually supportive of each other to maximize 

federal resources and goals in saving the nation’s historic assets. I am particularly 

pleased that Sections 103(c) and 102(c)(2) of S. 2262 would foster and encourage this 

partnership where it is suitable. 

We already know that PA and SAT are working together at specific locations 

throughout the country. Since Ms. Scarlett so ably apprised you of the Administration’s program, and the National Trust is the leading private sector partner in SAT, 

my statement will focus on the latter. But, it is correct to assume that a very large 

inventory of SAT bricks and mortar recipients would benefit greatly from Preserve 

America awards that provide funds for the planning process needed to qualify for 

SAT support and essential education and outreach activities to increase the value 

of a SAT-funded restoration. This relationship between both programs heightens the 

power of Federal funding to leverage additional resources and enable history to 

come alive through the natural relationship between preservation of buildings or artifacts and informing the public about these resources. 

SAT was established a decade ago to celebrate the millennium and highlight the 

importance of history in marking the 21st century. With broad bi-partisan support 

in Congress and the leadership of two First Ladies, initiated by the Clinton Administration and continued in the Bush Administration, SAT has provided more than 

$264 million in federal challenge grants to 1,024 historic preservation projects 

through 2007. These funds have helped bring new life to irreplaceable historic treasures—including buildings, documents and works of art—in every state, the District 

of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Midway Islands. Each dollar from Washington is 

matched one-for-one by non-Federal contributions in all of these projects. 

Creative partnerships are SAT’s backbone and enable it to leverage millions of additional dollars from foundations, corporations and individuals—this has literally 

made the difference in saving hundreds of historic sites and collections around the 

country. The original thinking behind the program was that raising public awareness and new resources for nationally significant preservation projects would stimulate a response at the state and local levels and inspire people to recognize and support historic and cultural resources in need of preservation/restoration. In recognition of its success in fulfilling that mission, in 2007, the American Architectural 

Foundation presented its prestigious Keystone Award to the Save America’s Treasures partnership for its extraordinary efforts to protect and preserve the architectural, artistic, and cultural legacy of the United States. 

With all of its tremendous success and support, however, SAT is unauthorized 

and funded from year-to-year though the annual appropriations process. The National Trust would like to see Congress authorize SAT and PA with a long-term programmatic and funding vision that would enable both programs to work in harmony 

with the other components of the national historic preservation program. Authorization would codify the successful implementation and practices of a ten-year old initiative along with its newer partner, and I think that this it is a step in the right 

direction. While much has been achieved since SAT was established, the need remains great and we must look to future needs. In just the first eight years of the 

30 

program, 2,702 grant applications were received, representing requests for more 

than $1.17 billion in critical preservation assistance. SAT funds have made a huge 

difference, but without Congress’ ongoing commitment to the program, it would be 

virtually impossible to stimulate private matching contributions and hard to imagine where else the money would come from to preserve our national heritage. 

I would like to highlight some of SAT’s very timely contributions to historic preservation projects that are now receiving a lot of attention from Congress related to 

the National Park Service (NPS) and some renewed attention to these places resulting from the upcoming centennial. SAT has provided tremendous benefit to iconic 

NPS sites such as Ellis Island, Valley Forge, Gettysburg, Thomas Edison’s Invention 

Factory, Mesa Verde, Eleanor Roosevelt’s Val-Kill Cottage, Longfellow House, Boston’s African Meeting House and Dr. Martin Luther King’s Ebenezer Baptist 

Church. More than 20 percent of SAT’s private funding—nearly $12 million—has 

been designated for NPS historic resources in dire need of support beyond what 

Congress can provide. This virtually matches SAT’s federal support for our national 

park system. In addition, more than $7 million in SAT matching grants has been 

awarded to over 30 nationally significant religious sites, including Boston’s famed 

Old North Church, Touro Synagogue in Rhode Island and Socorro Mission in Texas. 

The Save America’s Treasures program helps ensure that our legacy from the past 

will remain intact so that future generations can live with it, learn from it, and be 

inspired by it. Its benefits are clearly visible in cities, towns and rural areas all over 

America and it continues to be one of the most tangible ways that Members of Congress can get directly involved in local preservation projects. Authorizing SAT will 

help ensure that this program will continue to have a prominent role in preserving 

America’s historic and cultural treasures. In fact, both SAT and PA reflect the bipartisan commitment that has characterized historic preservation policy in Congress 

and the White House over the years. SAT was created during a Democratic administration and embraced by the Bush Administration and Congressional Republicans. 

Likewise, PA was created during a Republican administration and is now supported 

by Members on both sides of the aisle. This is the strongest signal that authorizing 

both programs makes sense when bipartisanship is sometimes an elusive quality. 

The following statistics and examples show why Save America’s Treasures—both 

its public and private sides—has become one of the most valued and successful preservation partnerships in history. With your permission, Mr. Chairman, I am attaching to my written remarks a more comprehensive description with statistical information of SAT’s benefits nationwide. Thank you. 

SAVE AMERICA’S TREASURE—PROGRAM OVERVIEW

The Value and Contributions of Save America’s Treasures 

• The goal of Save America’s Treasures is to create a national preservation ethic 

by increasing visibility and raising new resources for our national and local 

treasures. Save America’s Treasures shines a spotlight on these treasures in 

several ways—it designates Official SAT Projects, publicizes and educates the 

public about our country’s unmet preservation needs through various events 

and media strategies, and generates both private and federal funds to preserve 

America’s treasures. SAT also seeks to educate the public about the benefits 

that preservation holds as a stimulant to historic tourism and economic development. According to the American Travel Industry Association, heritage tourism 

is the number one reason Americans give for leisure travel. But the long term 

effects of this program are much more than economic—SAT seeks to preserve 

the irreplaceable fragments of our nation’s past, so that they may continue to 

inform and inspire future generations of Americans. 

• Too many of our nation’s historic sites and collections are deteriorating or in 

danger of being lost to age, exposure, natural disasters, urban sprawl, improper 

conservation, misuse and even vandalism. These testaments to our rich diverse 

American experience found in communities across the country urgently require 

conservation and restoration. Many of these treasures suffer from scant funds 

and lack of organized interest in the community. Without intervention, their 

condition will be seriously compromised or they will be lost forever. 

• Very little funding is available for the kind of bricks and mortar preservation 

this SAT program provides. And the backlog is enormous—just in the first eight 

years of the program through 2006, the National Park Service received competitive applications from 2,702 projects totaling requests of $1.17 Billion in preservation needs. Through 2007, $264 million had been awarded—a very substantial contribution made much more significant given the matching gifts it stimulated. If lost, it is hard to imagine where comparable funds would come from. 

31 

• The competitive grants are critically important to the program because they 

even the playing field, giving an opportunity for support to small and large 

projects in every size community. They also help ensure the quality of projects 

receiving federal support because applications are vetted initially by our major 

cultural agencies, and finally by a panel of preservation experts. 

Awards and Events 

SAT’s contribution to preserving our national heritage earned the recognition of 

two major national organizations in 2007: 

• American Architectural Foundation Honors SAT with its 2007 Keystone Award 

February 9th.—At a black-tie gala, The American Architectural Foundation 

(AAF) presented its 2007 Keystone Award to the Save America’s Treasures 

partnership for its extraordinary efforts to protect and preserve the architectural, artistic, and cultural legacy of the United States. This prestigious award 

is given annually to an organization or individual outside the profession in recognition of outstanding leadership in the fields of architecture and design. Mrs. 

Laura Bush sent a congratulatory letter and Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton 

provided a videotaped message. The head of each partnering agency was on 

hand to accept the award, and House Appropriations Chair Norm Dicks (D-WA) 

delivered formal remarks on behalf of the public and private partners. 

• SAT Director Honored with IFDA’s 2007 Trailblazer Award May 5th.—At the 

2007 International Furnishings and Design Association’s (IFDA) gala in Atlanta, the prestigious Trailblazer Award was presented to SAT at the Trust Director Bobbie Greene McCarthy for her leadership of SAT’s partnership with the 

design community. She joins a select group of previous honorees including Lady 

Bird Johnson, Philippe Starck, Adrianna Scalamandre Bitter, Michael Graves 

and Bob Timberlake. Over the past few years, IFDA and SAT have joined forces 

on several important projects, including NPS’ Eleanor Roosevelt’s Val Kill; one 

of the country’s premier women’s history sites, the Sewall-Belmont House; and 

the New Orleans Cemeteries. 

Save America’s Treasures Generating Public and Private Dollars for Preservation 

• Thanks to the broad bi-partisan Congressional support for Save America’s 

Treasures, over the past nine years, $264 million has been awarded in federal 

challenge grants to 1024 nationally significant preservation projects in every 

state, Puerto Rico and the Midway Islands. The 2008 round will grant in the 

coming weeks $25 million more to a few hundred additional projects across the 

country. 

• Because the federal program requires a one-to-one match, these grants have leveraged another $264 million in non-federal and private contributions for historic preservation projects across the country. 

• SAT at the National Trust has raised over $56 million in preservation dollars 

for 100 federal grantees and other significant preservation projects, often leading the way with private funds subsequently applied to meet a federal challenge 

grant. 

• A very substantial part of this effort has benefited National Park Service 

projects—from Ellis Island to Valley Forge to Edison’s Invention Factory, from 

Mesa Verde and White Grass to George Washington’s Tents at Yorktown, from 

the Sewall Belmont House and Val-Kill Cottage to Ebenezer Baptist Church 

and Longfellow House. More than 20% (almost $12 million) of the SAT private 

funding has been designated for NPS sites; and more than $12 million in federal SAT challenge grants has been awarded to national parks. 

• Each SAT federal grantee is designated an Official Project by SAT at the National Trust and provided the corresponding benefits and public association 

with this national program. 

• This grant program, included in the Historic Preservation Fund, is the largest 

pot of federal money available to address the preservation/restoration needs of 

our nationally significant sites. In addition, it is unique in also providing support for nationally significant collections: documents, photos, sound recordings 

and works of art, including the Star-Spangled Banner, the personal papers of 

the Founding Fathers, the New York Philharmonic Leonard Bernstein collection, the Lewis Clark Herbarium Collection, the only existing architectural 

model of the World Trade Center, and the Apollo Space Program Artifacts. Each 

of these federal SAT grants provides ongoing opportunities to promote the specific project AND illuminate its chapter in the American story, while raising 

awareness of the overarching need for responsible stewardship and new resources to preserve our collective memories. 

32 

• Save America’s Treasures at the National Trust, in conjunction with the National Trust’s Public Policy and Legal departments, was an integral player in 

the 2003 lifting of a ban on SAT federal grants to faith-based organizations. 

Since this announcement and through the 2007 grant round, over 30 nationally 

significant historic projects of a religious nature have been awarded more than 

$7 million in federal SAT matching grants, including Newport’s Touro Synagogue, Boston’s Old North Church, and San Antonio’s Socorro Mission. 

Save America’s Treasures Leverages Support and Stewardship in the Private Sector 

through the Creation of National Partnerships 

• Thanks to the program’s reputation, visibility and broad bi-partisan Congressional support, SAT at the National Trust has successfully leveraged invaluable 

national partnerships through corporations, foundations, and individuals who 

have supported the program financially, in-kind and/or through media campaigns, shining a national spotlight on the importance of preserving our nation’s 

heritage. Just a few of these include: 

The J. Paul Getty Trust contributed $1 million in matching grants to SAT for 

critical planning re-grants to 37 Save America’s Treasures projects in 29 states. 

Projects used the money to plan the preservation, conservation and ongoing care 

of their historic sites, buildings and districts. Many have been subsequently 

awarded federal SAT grants for the actual preservation/conservation work. (see 

attached list) 

Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation provided over $10 Million to SAT to conserve 

the iconic Star-Spangled Banner at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of 

American History. An additional $3 Million in in-kind advertising also was provided to raise awareness for the project and for Save America’s Treasures. 

Home & Garden Television has contributed over $2 million to ‘‘Restore America: 

A Salute to Preservation,’’ a dynamic national partnership between HGTV, the 

National Trust and Save America’s Treasures. $1.3 Million of these funds has 

been awarded directly to preservation efforts at 24 participating Restore America sites, virtually all of which are SAT federal grantees. An additional $3.9 Million has been provided in on-air and on-line exposure through HGTV and its 

parent company, Scripps Networks. 

Restore America Gala: In appreciation of Congress’ strong bi-partisan support 

for SAT, the National Trust and HGTV have honored a number of government 

and congressional leaders as Restore America Heroes at their annual star-studded gala. Honorees have included: Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton and Representative Ralph Regula for their founding support of the program; Senator 

Mike DeWine and Representative John Lewis for their championship of SAT 

preservation programs. Each year, SAT Honorary Chair First Lady Laura Bush 

has also served as the gala’s Honorary Chair—except this past year, when she 

was honored with a Restore America Hero Award for her role as Honorary 

Chair of both Save America’s Treasures and Preserve America and for her work 

establishing the Texas Main Street program and restoring Texas’ historic courthouses. The star-studded events have attracted substantial attention to SAT as 

a model public-private partnership aimed at ensuring a brighter future for our 

past. 

Procter & Gamble: Ivory Soap announced in September that it would mark its 

125th anniversary with an advertising campaign to benefit Save America’s 

Treasures and raise awareness for its work on behalf of our nation’s heritage. 

SAT was featured in a national promotion with 10% of its personal care line 

sales benefiting SAT at the National Trust. The launch event was widely covered in the press and on television, including Fox News and the New York Post. 

This is Proctor & Gamble’s second national promotion on behalf of Save America’s Treasures-the first generated $100,000 and early national exposure. 

Alcoa: Save America’s Treasures raised $62,000 from Alcoa to match a Federal 

SAT grant for the conservation of the only remaining architectural presentation 

model of the World Trade Center complex. This grant came from the Alcoa Relief Fund established immediately following 9/11. SAT approached Alcoa for the 

match because of its strong connection to the WTC. In the late 1960’s, the company designed a new alloy for the building, then under construction, creating 

a unique aluminum ‘‘skin’’ and novel cladding system that gave the Twin Towers their signature shiny, graceful appearance. 

Goldman Sachs & Company has been a model corporate partner to Save America’s Treasures’ projects. Of particular note, Goldman Sachs is playing an inVerDate Aug 31 2005 12:36 Sep 09, 2008 Jkt 043391 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6621 G:\DOCS\44163.TXT SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA
33 

strumental role in bringing new attention and additional resources to the 

Weeksville Society, Bedford-Stuyvesant’s early-19th century settlement built by 

freed New York slaves. SAT presented the project to Goldman Sachs, which contributed $500,000 and leveraged that contribution for one of equal value from 

another corporate donor. Then, Save America’s Treasures helped the project secure a $400,000 federal SAT matching grant in 2001. In addition, Goldman 

Sachs remains intimately involved in the project, placing one of its senior partners on Weeksville’s Board of Directors and encouraging the city to build a 

muchneeded community center adjacent to the restored houses. When completed, this complex will breathe new life into a long-neglected but historically 

significant American community. 

Partners in the Tourism Industry: Save America’s Treasures has a strong and 

productive partnership with Tourism Cares (formerly the Travelers Conservation Foundation). This leading travel industry association and its constituent 

partners have long-recognized the critical relationship between the tourism industry and the preservation of our historic treasures, particularly in our national parks. They are committed to shining a bright spotlight on the work of 

Save America’s Treasures and have provided over $716,000 for such significant 

SAT projects as Mesa Verde, Valley Forge, Val-Kill, Ellis Island, Lincoln Cottage, Orchard House and the National Trust’s Katrina effort. In addition to this 

financial support, TC and its partners have committed hundreds of volunteers 

from the tourism industry through annual Tourism Caring for America weekends, planned in cooperation with Save America’s Treasures. Each year, an outpouring of enthusiastic volunteers have spent a weekend cleaning, refurbishing 

and helping to restore some of our most important federal SAT grantees and 

Parks, including Mesa Verde, Ellis Island, Valley Forge, New Orleans’ St. Louis 

Cemetery and Mount Vernon. This spring, the travel industry will once again 

embrace the spirit of New Orleans by helping to clear up, paint and beautify 

Louis Armstrong Park. 

At their request, SAT has also joined forces with Tourism Cares and Smithsonian Magazine in their jointly-sponsored annual Sustainable Tourism Awards. 

This program that began in 2001 solicits nominations from around the globe for 

projects that are significant to the tourism industry and exemplify the highest 

degree of commitment to environmental conservation and historic preservation. 

Each prize, one for conservation and one for preservation, is $20,000 but generates very substantial public attention. After an extensive outreach by SAT 

staff to its official projects, over 80% of the preservation applicants hear about 

the award through our efforts and many of the strongest applications come from 

SAT projects. Final choices are made by the general public on the Sustainable 

Tourism Awards website. 

Leveraging Support from State and Local Governments: Commitment from the 

federal Save America’s Treasures program has been a critical tool in spawning 

interest and support from state and local governments for their significant SAT 

projects/federal grantees. Most notably, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has 

committed over $750,000 to first stabilize and then help restore the iconic Revolutionary War-era Winter Encampment buildings at Valley Forge. In addition, 

former US Representative (and former Pennsylvania Senator) Jim Gerlach secured another $250,000 in federal funds for the buildings’ ongoing restoration. 

The Commonwealth of Virginia also fully-matched a $162,500 federal SAT grant 

to Yorktown’s Washington Tents project. Additional contributions at the state 

and local level have included a $2 million commitment from the City of San 

Francisco for SAT’s Conservatory of Flowers project and a $50,000 grant from 

Pennsylvania’s Historical and Museum Commission to help match the Paul 

Robeson House’s federal SAT grant. 

Save America’s Treasures Success Stories 

A more hands-on view of how the Save America’s Treasures program directly-assists important historic sites and collections in communities across the country—and 

helps stimulate local awareness and resources—is provided below. 

• In May 2007, Save America’s Treasures joined the National Trust, the National 

Park Service, members of Congress and State officials in the official re-opening 

of the Ellis Island Ferry Building and the exhibition ‘‘Future in the Balance.’’ 

SAT’s public and private contributions totaling over $2.17 million launched this 

project and heightened awareness of the need to fully-restore this gateway to 

America. 

34 

• Lincoln Cottage (Washington, DC)—Presidents Day 2007-SAT joined the National Trust to celebrate the grand opening of President Lincoln’s Cottage after 

an 8-year restoration effort. Mr. Lincoln’s summer home, where he spent a 

quarter of his presidency and drafted the Emancipation Proclamation, is the 

most important site to understand the Lincoln presidency, other than the White 

House. An SAT federal challenge grant of $750,000 SAT federal challenge jumpstarted this campaign in 2000, and was matched by almost $600,000 in contributions through SAT at the National Trust. This exciting day was a culmination of efforts from a wide variety of federal, city and private partners. SAT also 

arranged a special preview tour for the First Lady a few months before the 

grand opening. • Save America’s Treasures was an honored guest at the rededication of Baltimore’s newly-restored Mount Royal Train Station. We were proud to have provided major support for the adaptive reuse of this National Historic Landmark, 

transforming it into the new home of the Maryland Institute College of Art, a 

model project’s helping to revitalize the surrounding neighborhood by fusing an 

appreciation for the historic fabric with the forward-thinking of contemporary 

art studies. • American College of Building Arts (Savannah, GA)—The American College of 

the Building Arts is the only centralized, comprehensive university in the nation for the study of building arts, digging its roots deeply into the local community and spreading its branches across America. Located in the Historic Old 

City Jail in Charleston, South Carolina, and at the newly acquired the MacLeod 

Plantation that will become its campus, the college engages and trains the next 

generation of skilled craftsmen in how to create successful communities of tomorrow by preserving the best of our past. The 200-year old Jail currently is 

under restoration, thanks in part to a $500,000 Federal SAT grant and matching assistance from SAT at the National Trust. • Orchard House (Concord, MA)—SAT visited Orchard House, Louisa May Alcott’s home, with Mrs. Bush in June 2002, her first public appearance as Honorary Chair of Save America’s Treasures. Led by SAT at the National Trust, 

the fundraising effort around the event generated almost $150,000 in individual 

and corporate contributions. These funds helped match the $400,000 federal 

Save America’s Treasures challenge grant awarded to Orchard House in 2000. 

SAT continues to work closely with Orchard House to guide and support its 

preservation needs. • Cornerstones/Acoma (New Mexico)—Cornerstones Community Partnerships was 

designated an official project of Save America’s Treasures in 1999, the only 

grassroots preservation organization among our 1,200 projects. We have worked 

very closely with Cornerstones over the years, particularly on the giant church 

of San Esteban del Rey at the Acoma Pueblo. The project received a $400,000 

Federal grant in 2001, and we have worked with them to raise the required 

matching funds, including generating a lead $75,000 gift towards the restoration. 

• Weeksville (Brooklyn, NY)—Save America’s Treasures at the National Trust 

has been integral to making a 30-year-old dream come true for this early 19th 

century settlement built by freed New York slaves in the Bedford-Stuyvesant 

section of Brooklyn. Working with Joan Maynard, SAT helped raise almost 

$800,000 and win a $400,000 federal Save America’s Treasures grant. Once restoration is complete, the Center will be a premier cultural institution offering 

an innovative, socially conscious discovery and learning experience presented 

through history, art, technology and the environment, and rooted in the preservation of African American history. 

• Valley Forge (Valley-Forge, VA)—Since its earliest days, SAT at the Trust has 

worked closely with Valley Forge National Historical Park. To date, almost $1.5 

million in private SAT funds and a $450,000 federal SAT grant have been contributed to stabilize and restore the six houses that will become an important 

element in the planned Center for the American Revolution. 

• Lincoln Cottage (Washington, DC)—Restoration at Lincoln Cottage, President 

Lincoln’s summer home, where he spent a quarter of his presidency and drafted 

the Emancipation Proclamation, is underway and the $750,000 SAT federal 

challenge grant has been matched by almost $500,000 in contributions through 

SAT at the National Trust. We hope that the Cottage and Visitors’ Center will 

be the premier center for the study of the Lincoln Presidency. 

• Louis & Clark Herbarium (Philadelphia, PA)—Because of a Federal SAT grant 

in 1999, the Louis & Clark Herbarium, the plant specimens collected on their 

journey 200 years ago, have been saved through state-of-the-art conservation 

methods. No other collection of North American plants is so important from 

35 

both historical and scientific points of view. Not only do the specimens survive 

in relatively good condition, but so do records relating to where they were collected and how the plants were used at the time. • Conservatory of Flowers (San Francisco, CA)—In September 2003, the Conservatory of Flowers reopened to an eager public after a $25 million restoration, of 

which $11 million was funded through private contributions raised by SAT at 

the National Trust. Recently, the Conservatory was awarded the prestigious 

American Institute of Architects Honor Award, the highest recognition for 

works that exemplify excellence in architecture. • Liberty Theatre (Astoria, OR)—The Liberty Theater received a $399,000 SAT 

earmark in 2001. The federal funds were matched by several private grants including $25,000 through Restore America. Its restoration serves as a magnet for 

other preservation efforts, commercial activity and professional development in 

Astoria’s historic downtown. • Mesa Verde National Park (Mesa Verde, CO)—Mesa Verde National Park preserves spectacular remains of the thousand-year-old ancestral pueblo culture, 

including elaborate stone cities built in the sheltered recesses of the canyon 

walls. Over $1.7 in private donations through SAT at the National Trust more 

than matched a $1.5 million federal SAT grant awarded in 1999. • Ebenezer Baptist Church (Atlanta, GA)—An anonymous gift of $500,000 solicited by SAT at the Trust helped match the $620,389 federal Save America’s 

Treasures challenge grant awarded in 1999. Ebenezer was also featured in the 

Restore America campaign and received a $50,000 grant for the interior restoration work. • Hulett Ore Unloaders (OH)—Restoration of Cleveland’s Hulett Ore Unloaders, 

landmarks on the Lake Erie shoreline since the turn of the century, was 

sparked by a $20,000 Getty planning grant from SAT at the Trust in 1999. The 

project successfully leveraged this grant and national exposure for additional 

support from the City of Cleveland and other private contributions. The grant 

was followed by a listing on the National Trust’s 11 Most Endangered Listing 

the same year. • Socorro Mission (Socorro, TX)—SAT at the Trust advised and assisted Cornerstones Community Partnerships in its application for Socorro Mission, the 1842 

adobe church that was the centerpiece of the Socorro village founded by Spanish 

and Piro Indian refugees in 1680. Socorro Mission received a $200,000 SAT earmark in 2005 to complete the restoration. • Tennessee Theatre (Knoxville, TN)—Thanks in part to a $46,000 SAT earmark, 

the Tennessee Theatre reopened in January 15, 2005 after a complete restoration that has transformed the movie palace into a performing arts venue while 

retaining its historic splendor. The Theatre serves as a centerpiece of the revitalization of historic downtown Knoxville. 

• Robie House (Oak Park, IL)—This 1909 home is considered the masterpiece of 

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Prairie style. A one million dollar contribution from SAT 

at the Trust more than matched a $250,000 Federal grant in 2000. As part of 

its participation in Restore America, Robie House also received a $62,500 grant 

for its continued restoration. 

• B & O Railroad Museum (Baltimore, MD)—The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum is dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American railroading through the history and legacy of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the 

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, the Western Maryland Railway, and the regional railroads of the mid-Atlantic. After a winter snowstorm in 2003 collapsed 

the historic roundhouse and damaged most of its train collection, SAT at the 

Trust advised and assisted the Museum in winning a $500,000 Federal grant 

to restore and conserve the locomotive collection. 

• North Dakota Prairie Churches (Statewide)—Often founded by first-generation 

settlers from Germany, Poland, Iceland, Russia and Scandinavia, these simple 

prairie church were usually the first building to go up when a town was settled—and the last to close its doors if the community died out. Of North Dakota’s 2,000 church structures, more than 400 are vacant and threatened by inadequate maintenance and demolition. Listed as one of the 11 Most Endangered 

Historic Places in 2001, Preservation North Dakota received a $100,000 Federal 

SAT grant in 2002 to restore several of the most threatened structures. 

• 10th Street Bridge (Great Falls, MT)—SAT at the Trust worked with Great 

Falls city officials to win a successful SAT grant for the restoration of the 10th 

Street Bridge. The $250,000 SAT federal grant awarded in 2001 funded the repair of deteriorating stringers, floor beam columns, piers, and end-walls. 

• Travelers’ Rest (Lolo, MT)—Preservation efforts at Lewis and Clark’s Travelers’ 

Rest Campsite, where they rested at this site for several days on their westward 

36 

and eastward journeys, include protecting the site from development and urban 

encroachment. Restoration work at the site has been funded by a $40,000 grant 

from SAT at the National Trust. 

• First Ladies’ Library (Canton, OH)—Upon restoration and renovation, the City 

National Bank Building, built in 1895, will serve as the Education and Research Center at the National First Ladies’ Library. SAT visited the site in 1999 

and it later received a $2.5 million Federal SAT earmark in 2000. 

ADDENDUM OF RICHARD MOE, PRESIDENT, THE NATIONAL TRUST FOR

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

Mr. Chairman, I would like to correct some information I provided you and the 

Subcommittee that was not included in my written testimony. I used the 

Kawaiaha‘o Church as an example of a Save America’s Treasures (SAT) project that 

HAS received an award under this program. I meant to say that this is the type 

of nationally significant historic resource that WOULD BE eligible for an SAT 

grant. In fact, at this time the church has not been the beneficiary of this program 

and I hope that changes soon. 

In terms of historic resources in Hawaii that have already received SAT grants— 

there are numerous examples and I’d like to cite a few for your information and the 

hearing record. 

The 16th-century Kaloko Fishpond, located within the National Historic Landmark Koloko-Honokohau Settlement, represents the best extant example of traditional Hawaiian fishponds found along the west Hawaii coast and is an extraordinary example of engineering skills. SAT funds have been used to restore the fishpond wall to its original condition. The project is also training a new generation of 

Hawaiian stone masons and will allow native Hawaiians to operate a traditional 

fishpond. All of this will help foster a better understanding and appreciation of Hawaiian culture through the preservation of this historic resource. SAT at Trust 

raised $75,000 towards the match. This came from our tourism partner—Tauck 

World Discovery. 

In addition to the $75,000 grant from Tauck, the project was awarded a sizeable 

$99,040 grant from the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. Other wonderful SAT grants include $310,000 to the Chamberlain House in Honolulu; $75,000 to the Hawaiian 

Cultural Collection at Honolulu’s Bishop Museum; $300,000 for the USS Missouri 

in Honolulu; and $50,000 for the Bishop Museum’s Moving Image Collection. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much for your testimonies. 

Senator BURR. Mr. Chairman. 

Senator AKAKA. Yes. 

Senator BURR. If I could interrupt the Chairman. I want to 

apologize because I have a scheduling conflict and I want to say to 

our witnesses if you won’t take offense that I don’t ask you any 

questions I pledge to support a quick action on both your pieces of 

legislation. 

Mr. MOE. It’s a deal. 

[Laughter.] 

Senator BURR. Thank you very much. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Senator AKAKA. Thank you very much, Senator Burr. Commissioner Surkamp, we’ve heard a lot this afternoon about the historical significance of the Battle of Shepherdstown. The Department 

of the Interior has recommended that we give priority to previously 

authorized studies. 

Can you tell us what kind of timeframe, time sensitivity we’re 

facing. For example, are there development pressures or are other 

threats to the battlefield site a problem? 

Mr. SURKAMP. Thank you, Senator. 

Senator AKAKA. Yes. 

Mr. SURKAMP. Thank you. If for, speaking hypothetically, if the 

other projects are on this list of projects, if all of them are in a 

county that is next to the fastest growing county in the United 

37 

States, then we would all be equal. We’re a small county. Our 

weekly meetings are in the trial room of John Brown. 

Much of the character remains, but we’re next to Loudoun County. Just the mere growth pressures from that, where we are, 

threaten the character of the county and will threaten the site as 

the Shepherdstown Battlefield. We as a county commission have 

probably some of the most advanced zoning ordinances to protect 

these things, but we’re facing the juggernaut of growth pressures 

with thousands of applications for houses. 

Senator AKAKA. Mr. Moe, in your written testimony you state 

that the Preserve America Program provides funds to help pay for 

historic preservation planning activities. My understanding is that 

these plans are then used to help organizations apply for funding 

through the Save America’s Treasures Program. Could you elaborate on the types of plans that are necessary for an organization 

to have in hand prior to applying for a Save America’s Treasures 

grant? 

Mr. MOE. Thank you, Senator, that’s a very good question. Because sometimes the communities say, for example, if it wants to 

preserve its local train station as many do. That requires a certain 

planning activity because there are a lot of different segments of 

the community that must come together to be part of that. 

Not only to plan for what the train station will become, if it’s no 

longer a train station, how it will serve the community and how 

the rest of the funds are to be raised to restore it and to adapt its 

use to a new purpose. Because the Save America’s Treasures 

grants only cover typically a small portion, significant, but small 

portion of the total cost of restoring a historic structure. So that’s 

the kind of planning that is necessary to put the financing together, to put the architectural plans together and to put the overall strategy together. 

So these Preserve America planning grants are very important. 

In that sense, as I said in my testimony, complement the Save 

America’s Treasures Program. 

Senator AKAKA. Do you support the specifics of Preserve America 

Program as listed in S. 2262 or do you have any suggestions to either delete or add activities that would be eligible for Preserve 

America funding? 

Mr. MOE. No, I support the legislation as it’s written, Senator. 

We’ve spent a lot of time going over this with the Administration 

and with other partners. We support the legislation as it’s written 

and introduced. 

Senator AKAKA. I want to thank you both very much for what 

you’re doing for our country, really. I want to thank you for mentioning the Kawaiahao project there. I want to thank both of you 

for testifying before this committee this afternoon. Your testimony, 

without question, will help us better understand these issues. 

Mr. SURKAMP. Thank you, sir. 

Senator AKAKA. Some members of the committee who were not 

able to attend this afternoon may submit additional questions in 

writing. If we receive any we will forward them to you and ask you 

to respond to them so that we may include both the questions and 

the responses in the official hearing record. 

38 

Again, thank you very much for being here and helping us in this 

respect. 

Mr. SURKAMP. Thank you, Senator. 

Senator AKAKA. Committee hearing is adjourned. 

[Whereupon, at 3:37 p.m. the hearing was adjourned.] 

(39) 

APPENDIXES 

APPENDIX I 

Responses to Additional Questions 

RESPONSES OF RICHARD MOE TO QUESTIONS FROM SENATOR BURR

S. 2262

Question 1. What is the role of the National Trust for Historic Preservation in the 

Preserve America and Save America’s Treasures programs? 

Answer. The National Trust has a direct role in SAT as the leading private sector 

partner. We amplify, reinforce, and support SAT at every stage by, expanding and 

strengthening the applicant pool, assisting with the grant applications; providing 

help with Federal projects, particularly through fundraising advice and solicitations 

on the required matches; and creating an array of promotional and media opportunities on grantee projects. We have no similar direct role in Preserve America, but 

welcome partnerships whenever possible. 

Here are some specific examples of the National Trust’s role in SAT: 

• Providing direct guidance, counsel, advice and fundraising assistance to hundreds of successful SAT applicants with spectacular results, such as adding over 

$56 million to the Park Service’s Federal $264 million: this includes direct contributions to more than 100 SAT projects and grantees; including almost $12 

million to NPS sites. 

• Creating major corporate partnerships that increase national visibility of the 

program and the need to preserve our historic resources, while generating substantial matching funds. A great example of this is the Trust securing a $13 

million gift from Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation for the restoration of the Star 

Spangled Banner. 

• Reinforcing and amplifying the Federal SAT program’s efforts to attract a larger 

and more diverse pool of applicants, especially those from west of the Mississippi. 

• Working to eliminate the prohibition of SAT grants to historic religious properties, which ended in 2003. Now, over $7 million has been awarded to more 

than 30 historic religious sites such as Boston’s Trinity and Old North Churchs, 

Newport’s Touro Synagogue, and the Eldridge Street Synagogue in New York. 

Question 2. What do you consider the greatest success story from each of these 

programs? 

Answer. I will defer to Ms. Scarlet on the greatest success story from Preserve 

America, but on SAT, the greatest achievement is what began as an initiative to 

celebrate the new millennium has evolved into a highly effective public-private partnership about to commemorate its first decade. In ten years, SAT has become the 

largest and most successful federal bricks-and-mortar preservation program in history. It has identified and helped restore more than 1,000 national treasures by providing $289 million; its matching requirement will have leveraged over $300 million 

in private resources, more than $56 million of which has been generated by SAT’s 

private partner at the National Trust. The program also has raised the national profile of historic preservation, through creative corporate and media partnerships, and 

it continues to motivate and inspire community involvement and local awareness of 

the need for shared responsibility and good stewardship of our cultural heritage. 

Question 3. Preserve America and Save America’s Treasures have existed as special programs within the Administration for several years. Why is this legislation 

needed? 

40 

Answer. With all of its tremendous success and support, however, SAT is unauthorized and funded from year-to-year though the annual appropriations process. 

The National Trust would like to see Congress authorize SAT and PA with a longterm programmatic and funding vision that would enable both programs to work in 

harmony with the other as components of the national historic preservation program. Authorization would codify the successful implementation and practices of a 

ten-year old initiative along with its newer partner and I think that this it is a step 

in the right direction. While much has been achieved since SAT was established, 

the need remains great and we must look to future needs. In just the first eight 

years of the program, 2,702 grant applications were received, representing requests 

for more than $1.17 billion in critical preservation assistance. SAT funds have made 

a huge difference, but without Congress’ ongoing commitment to the program, it 

would be virtually impossible to stimulate private matching contributions and hard 

to imagine where else the money would come from to preserve our national heritage. 

RESPONSES OF JAMES T. SURKAMP TO QUESTIONS FROM SENATOR BURR

S. 1633

Question 1. How much of the land involved in the study is currently in private 

ownership? 

Answer. All the 300 acres are in private ownership. The 300 acres we are trying 

to preserve are shown within the blue rectangle in attachment designated as Cons 

Esmts. Through 3 conservation easements we have preserved 84 acres that are still 

in private ownership and have 2 private residences; those acres are shown as blue 

x’s in the last map. While there are six residences on the 300 acres; one is a 200 

year-old farmhouse that has a cannon ball in a wall from the Battle of 

Shepherdstown. Except for the other 5 houses, most of the acreage is not very different from what is was in 1862. It is still either being farmed or is woodland. The 

Save Historic Antietam Foundation is negotiating to purchase a 13 acre tract that 

is on the south bank of the Potomac River; this acreage includes the remnants of 

a cement mill and kilns that were built in 1827. A 122 acre farm, including the 

aforementioned farmhouse, is owned by a real estate developer who has offered it 

for sale within the last 2 years although it is not being marketed presently. Given 

the current state of the real estate market, the owner is likely to accept any reasonable offer. Two parcels that approximate 60 acres are part of larger farms and contain no houses. We assume that those parcels could be purchased. The remaining 

approximately 20 acres are 3 separate lots each with a house but are located on the 

fringe of the battlefield site. One is a 10 acre lot in the southwest corner of the site 

and the other 2 are in the northwest corner of the site. 

Question 2. How much of the area is currently undeveloped and in a condition to 

accurately interpret events associated with the battle? 

Answer. The battle covered about one square mile or 640 acres. The most southern 40 acres of the site have been fully developed as residential subdivisions. The 

remaining 600 acres of the battlefield are bisected by Trough Road, which was 

named Charlestown Road in 1862. The 300 acres west of Trough Road is where 

most of the battle took place. East of Trough Road was basically a hasty retreat to 

the ford. We are trying to preserve the 300 acres west of Trough Road. 

Question 3. How much of the study been completed and will the National Park 

Service be allowed to use that information? 

Answer. The site of the battle has been mapped by: 1) the American Battlefield 

Protection Program of the National Park Service (shown within an irregular circle 

in attachment designated as Map 1); and, 2) the state historian from the West Virginia Division of Culture & History (shown as red rectangle in attachment designated as Color Map 2). This information could be made available to the National 

Park Service. 

RESPONSES OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TO QUESTIONS FROM SENATOR AKAKA

We must remember that the memorial is NOT just for those living today, but for 

individuals that have already passed on. Kalawao and Kaulapapa have been identified as potential sites for a memorial to be established. Kalawao is recognized as 

the first isolation settlement where as many as 5,000 people were sent and 

Kaulapapa the second isolation settlement. 

The Senate and House bill language authorizes Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa ‘‘to establish a memorial at a suitable location or locations approved by the Secretary at 

Kalawao or Kaulapapa...’’ Given the proposed amendment you included in your tesVerDate Aug 31 2005 12:36 Sep 09, 2008 Jkt 043391 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\DOCS\44163.TXT SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA
41 

timony, I am concerned that the organization will not truly have a voice in determining the final site. 

Question 1. Ms. Scarlett: To what extent will the Secretary of Interior take Ka 

‘Ohana O Kalaupapa’s recommendations into consideration, especially given that 

the I House bill states that the organization, ‘‘shall be solely responsible for acceptance of contributions for payment of expenses associated with the establishment of 

the memorial?’’ 

Answer. The Secretary will work with Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa to find an appropriate location within Kalaupapa National Historical Park for the memorial. NPS 

works cooperatively with several organizations to manage the site, including the 

State of Hawaii, Department of Hawaiian Homelands, which owns the land. If Congress authorizes this memorial, the National Park Service is committed to working 

with the patients, partners and friends’ groups to find an appropriate location for 

the memorial. 

Question 2. Ms. Scarlett: As the Secretary of the Interior must approve the size, 

design, and inscriptions, as well as the location or locations of such memorial; why 

should the options for sites be limited, at this time to Kaulapapa only? 

Answer. We recommend that the bill be amended to delete any reference to a specific location within the park where the memorial is to be located. Our suggested 

amendment, attached to the testimony, would allow the memorial to be located ‘‘at 

a suitable location or locations approved by the Secretary within the boundaries of 

Kalaupapa National Historical Park.’’ While Kalaupapa Settlement may turn out to 

be the best location for the memorial, we feel the law would he most effective if it 

allowed the Secretary, the patients, the partners, and friends’ groups the flexibility 

to work collaboratively to find the best location within the park for the memorial. 

RESPONSES OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TO QUESTIONS FROM SENATOR BURR

S. 2262

Question 3a. How much funding does Congress typically appropriate for each of 

these programs in a given year? 

Answer. Preserve America Funding Levels— 

• FY 2008—$7.383 million 

• FY 2007—$4.926 million 

• FY 2006—$4.926 million 

• FY 2005—$0 

Save America’s Treasures Funding Levels— 

• FY 2008—$10 million 

• FY 2007—$8.074 million 

• FY 2006—$24.6 million 

• FY 2005—$29.5 million 

• FY 2004—$30 million 

• FY 2003—$30 million 

• FY 2002—$30 million 

• FY 2001—$34.923 million 

• FY 2000—$30 million 

• FY 1999—$30 million 

Question 3b. Why is it necessary to enact legislation if both of these programs 

have been around for several years? 

Answer. If enacted, the Preserve America and Save America’s Treasures Act (S. 

2262) would, for the first time, formally codify the Preserve America and Save 

America’s Treasures programs. Both are grant programs that were started through 

Presidential Executive Orders. Formal congressional authorization oithe two programs would work to ensure their long-term viability. 

Question 4a. What is the advantage to being designated a National Historical 

Park instead of a National Historic Site? 

Answer. In recent years, Congress and the National Park Service have attempted 

to simplify the nomenclature used for park units. The term ‘‘national historic site’’ 

has been the most commonly applied by Congress when authorizing the addition of 

such areas to the National Park System. However, when a park includes two noncontiguous parcels with two distinct interpretive themes, the term ‘‘national historical park’’ more adequately characterizes the type of unit. Besides being a more descriptive name, there is no specific benefit to being called a national historical park 

as opposed to a national historic site. 

42 

Question 4b. How much will it cost the National Park Service to update signage, 

brochures, and other references to the name of this site as a result of the name 

change? 

Answer. Given the recent renovations at the Edison laboratory complex and his 

home, new exhibits arc presently in the design and fabrication phase. If the bill is 

enacted, there will be no additional cost to change the name on the exhibits. New 

park brochures are also being designed and no additional cost will result from the 

name change. In terms of the directional or other signs, we believe the cost will not 

exceed $50,000. 

Question 5a. Has a proposed memorial been designed for the site? 

Answer. The National Park Service is not aware that a specific design has been 

proposed by Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa. 

Question 5b. How will design and construction of the memorial be funded? Who 

will pay for it and what is the estimated cost? 

Answer. Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa has committed to finding the funds to pay for 

design and construction of the memorial. S. 2502 does not specify how the design 

and construction of the memorial would be Funded. H.R. 3332 clarifies that Ka 

‘Ohana O Kalaupapa shall be solely responsible for the payment of expenses associated with the establishment of the memorial, and for this reason we prefer H.R. 

3332. Until there is a design proposed, there is no way to determine the associated 

costs. 

RESPONSES OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TO QUESTIONS FROM

SENATOR BARRASSO

Question 6. Please provide the total number of and total expenditures in Save 

America’s Treasures grants awarded each year to each of the 50 States through a 

competitive process since the inception of the Save America’s Treasures program. 

Answer. (see below) 

• FY 1999—$26.5 million awarded to 60 projects in 24 States 

• FY 2000—$15 million awarded to 47 projects in 31 States 

• FY 2001—$13.2 million awarded to 55 projects in 27 States 

• FY 2002—$15 million awarded to 79 projects in 36 States 

• FY 2003—$14.15 million awarded to 63 projects in 29 States and 

• FY 2004—$14.5 million awarded to 60 projects in 24 States 

• FY 2005—$14.3 million awarded to 61 projects in 29 States 

• FY 2006—$7.6 million awarded to 42 projects in 24 States 

• FY 2007—$7.6 million awarded to 31 projects in 25 States 

Question 7. Please provide the total number of and total expenditures in Save 

America’s Treasures grants awarded each year to each of the 50 States through a 

process other than a competitive process since the inception of the Save America’s 

Treasures program. 

Answer. (see below) 

• FY 1999—$3.5 million earmarked by Congress for 2 projects 

• FY 2000—$15 million earmarked by Congress for 24 projects in 15 States 

• FY 2001—$21.7 million earmarked by Congress for 49 projects in 25 States 

• FY 2002—$15 million earmarked by Congress for 62 projects in 33 States 

• FY 2003—$14.9 million earmarked by Congress for 59 projects in 33 States 

• FY 2004—517.8 million earmarked by Congress for 99 projects in 39 States 

• FY 2005—$14.8 million earmarked by Congress for 83 projects in 34 States 

• FY 2006—$16.5 million earmarked by Congress for 91 projects in 35 States 

• FY 2007—$0 earmarked by Congress 

• FY 2008—$13.6 million earmarked by Congress for 70 projects in 36 States 

Question 8. If Save America’s Treasures grants are not awarded through a competitive process, please describe and explain in detail the process or processes by 

which the grants are awarded. 

Answer. Roughly half of the Save America’s Treasures appropriations have been 

earmarked for specific projects. The list of earmarks appears in the appropriations 

bills for the Department of Interior. 

Question 9. Please describe and explain in detail how the Secretary determines 

the value of contributions made in the form of donated supplies and related services 

under the Preserve America and Save America’s Treasures programs. 

Answer. Volunteer services furnished by professional and technical personnel, 

consultants, and other skilled and unskilled labor may be counted as cost sharing 

or matching if the service is an integral and necessary part of an approved project. 

Rates for volunteer services must be consistent with those paid for similar work in 

43 

the recipient’s organization. In those instances in which the required skills are not 

found in the recipient organization, rates must be consistent with those paid for 

similar work in the labor market in which the recipient competes for the type of 

services involved. In either case, paid fringe benefits that are reasonable, allowable, 

and allocable may be included in the valuation. 

When an employer other than the recipient furnishes the services of an employee, 

these services must be valued at the employee’s regular rate of pay (plus an amount 

of fringe benefits that are reasonable, allowable, and allocable but exclusive of overhead costs), provided these services are in the same skill for which the employee 

is normally paid. 

Volunteer services must be documented and, to the extent feasible, supported by 

the same methods used by the recipient for its own employees’ time and attendance 

records. 

Donated supplies may include such items as office supplies, laboratory supplies, 

or construction materials such as bricks and lumber, needed to perform the grantassisted work. Value assessed to donated supplies included in the cost sharing or 

matching share must be reasonable and may not exceed the fair market value of 

the supplies at the time of the donation. 

The value of donated equipment may not exceed the fair market value of equipment of the same age and condition at the time of donation. 

The value of donated space may not exceed the fair rental value of comparable 

space as established by an independent appraisal of comparable space and facilities 

in a privately owned building in the same locality. 

Question 10. Please explain why S. 2262 mandates that the Secretary ‘‘ensure 

that the non-Federal share for an eligible project...shall be available for expenditure 

before a grant is provided to the eligible project’’ under the Preserve America program, but only ‘‘ensure that each applicant for a grant has the capacity and a feasible plan for securing the non-Federal share for an eligible project...before a grant 

is provided to the eligible project’’ under the Save America’s Treasures program. 

Answer. The Preserve America’s grant program was developed six years after the 

establishment of the Save America’s Treasures grant program. Both programs were 

established to encourage similar partnerships. It was thought that many of the 

grant recipients from the Preserve America’s program would he small communities 

that may have found it difficult to raise the required matching funds. Therefore, the 

idea to require a mandate was designed to ensure that the matching funds are in 

place prior to the award being made. 

RESPONSES OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TO QUESTIONS FROM SENATOR BURR

S. 1633

Question 1a. How much of the proposed area remains undeveloped and in a condition to accurately interpret its significance? 

Answer. There are 640 acres in the proposed area; 300 acres are undeveloped. The 

300 acres are open fields, similar to the ‘‘stubble fields’’ that existed at the time of 

the battle. There are six houses in the outlying area, one of which dates hack to 

the time of the battle. They do not impact the open fields. 

Question 1b. Is any of the battlefield currently owned by Department of the Interior? 

Answer. The Department of the Interior owns none of the primary battleground 

where the actual fighting took place. 

S. 1993 AND H.R. 2197

Question 2a. How many acres will the boundary adjustment add to the unit? 

Answer. Seip Unit: Approximately 1 80.2 acres; Spruce Hill Works Unit: Approximately 176.8 acres. 

Question 2b. How many private property owners will be affected by the boundary 

adjustment? 

Answer. Seip Unit: WGM Enterprises, Ltd. and Nancy I. Arthur, et. al.; Spruce 

Hill Works Unit: The Archaeological Conservancy and Wilderness East (land trusts); 

Adjacent land owners: E. Marie Browning, Raymond .lones, Tommy Shoemaker, Joy 

Shoemaker, and Charles Zehnder. 

Question 2c. What is the anticipated cost of the land acquisition associated with 

this boundary adjustment? 

Answer. Seip Unit: Approximately $300,000; Spruce Hill Works Unit: Approximately $609,000. 

44 

S. 2207

Question 3a. Could the outcome of the study be a recommendation that the site 

be designated as an Affiliated Area? 

Answer. As authorized by S. 2207, the study would determine if the Green 

McAdoo School possesses nationally significant natural, cultural or other resources 

and is a suitable and feasible addition to the National Park Service system, There 

are alternatives to National Park Service management that may adequately protect 

resources even if they meet the preceding criteria. An Affiliated Area, a Congressional designation for a unit managed by others under terms of a cooperative agreement with the National Park Service, is a potential management option. 

Question 3b. Has any local group begun preliminary work on the study? 

Answer. The Green McAdoo Cultural Organization currently manages the McAdoo 

school site as a museum and cultural center. However, to the best knowledge of National Park Service staff, neither this organization nor any other local group has 

begun preliminary work on a special resource study related to the Green McAdoo 

School. 

S. 2254

Question 4a. We have 2 bills on the agenda today to designate National Heritage 

Areas within the state of Mississippi. What are the differences between the Mississippi Bills National Heritage Area and the Mississippi Delta National Heritage 

Area? 

Answer. The differences are geographic. The proposed Mississippi Hills National 

Heritage Area lies in the northeast corner of the state, encompassing the foothills 

of the Appalachian Mountains. The proposed Mississippi Delta National Heritage 

Area lies in the alluvial floodplain of the Mississippi and Yazoo rivers, which comprises the northwest sections of the state. 

Question 4b. How many National Heritage Areas currently exist within the state 

of Mississippi? 

Answer. The Mississippi Gulf National Heritage Area is the only national heritage 

area in Mississippi. 

Question 4c. Has the National Park Service or anyone else conducted a study to 

determine the suitability and feasibility of designating this area as a National heritage Area? 

Answer. The National Park Service has not conducted a national heritage area 

suitability and feasibility study for the Mississippi Hills region. The Mississippi lid’s 

Heritage Area Alliance, a local advocacy organization, has created a concept plan 

for the proposed national heritage area. .However, the plan was not designed to address the suitability and feasibility criteria used by the National Park Service for 

heritage area designation. 

S. 2512

Question 5a. Has the National Park Service or anyone else conducted a study to 

determine the suitability and feasibility of designating this area as a National Heritage Area? If so, what did the study recommend? 

Answer. The National Park Service has conducted a study of the Lower Mississippi Delta region. Released in 1998, the study was very broad in both its scope 

and recommendations. The area examined stretched across all or part of seven 

states and 308 counties and parishes and centered on the Mississippi River drainage 

system. The almost 200-page study inventoried and analyzed significant natural, 

recreational and cultural resources in the Mississippi Delta region. From this information, the authors developed general recommendations for a series of museums, 

historic sites, driving routes, heritage sites and festivals, among others. However, 

local coordinating entities, boundaries, and conceptual business and financial plans 

were not examined. These are all critical elements used by the National Park Service in an actual national heritage area study. 

Question 5b. How many National Heritage Areas currently exist and how many 

of those were designated without first having a study completed? 

Answer. There presently are 37 national heritage areas (NHAs). The majority of 

recently authorized NHAs underwent a feasibility study process prior to designation. Feasibility studies can be conducted by either the Department of the Interior 

(Department), if directed by Congress, or by other parties. If the study is done by 

a party other than the Department, consultation with the National Park Service is 

strongly recommended during the study process. After the study is completed, by 

the other party, the Department reviews the study to determine if it meets the interim criteria used by the National Park Service for such studies, including whether 

45 

the proposed heritage area has an assemblage of natural, cultural or historic resources that together represent distinctive aspects of American heritage, whether 

there is strong local support, and if a viable management entity has been identified. 

The Department has requested that Congress pass NHA program legislation, such 

as language included in S. 278, to establish a system of NHAs that include criteria 

for the study and designation of these areas. 

H.R. 3998

Question 6a. The bill directs the Secretary of the Interior to conduct special resource studies of 9 sites. It combined 9 separate House bills into a single piece of 

legislation. We have received e-mail and calls from a private property rights group 

expressing concern for one of the provisions, Rim of the Valley Corridor Study. 

What role will the public have in the studies authorized by H.R. 3998? 

Answer. H.R. 3998 requires that the authorized studies be completed in accordance with either section 8(c) of Public Law 91-383 or section 5(b) of the National 

Trails System Act. Section 8(c) of P.L. 91-383 states that ‘‘each study under this section shall be prepared with appropriate opportunity for public involvement, including at least one public meeting in the vicinity of the area under study, and alter 

reasonable efforts to notify potentially affected landowners and State and local governments.’’ Section 5(h) orthe National Trails System Act states that ‘‘Such studies 

shall be made in consultation with... interested interstate, State and local governmental agencies, public and private organizations, and landowners and land users 

concerned.’’ 

Question 6b. Will the public he informed of these studies and given an opportunity 

to submit comments? 

Answer. The public will be informed of special resource studies occurring in the 

area by appropriate means (newspapers, announcements to stake holders, etc.). The 

public is invited to comment on the proposed study area during initial scoping meetings and throughout the process. The public may submit comments for the record 

during the studies’ official comment period(s). In accordance with NPS Management 

Policies 2006, section 1.3.3, in determining the feasibility of the study area, the NPS 

will assess the level of local and general public support for the study area, including 

landowner opinion. 

(47) 

APPENDIX II 

Additional Material Submitted for the Record 

STATEMENT OF HON. SHERROD BROWN, U.S. SENATOR FROM OHIO, ON S. 1993 

Mr. Chairman, I want to thank you for holding this hearing. I appreciate the subcommittee’s dedication to protecting our national parks and historic areas. I’m particularly pleased that today the committee will be considering S. 1993, the Hopewell 

Culture National Historical Park Boundary Act. 

Ohio is home to numerous archaeological sites of significant value in our ongoing 

efforts to better understand our nation’s pre-history. President Warren G. Harding 

realized the importance of these mounds and earthworks by establishing the Mound 

City National Monument in 1923. The surrounding park, now known as the Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, is the only one of its kind in the nation dedicated to the protection and preservation of land forms and artifacts from the beginnings of the Hopewell era over 2000 years ago. 

Subsequent additions to the monument over the past thirty years reflect our continued understanding and appreciation of the area. The bill introduced—and reported—by my colleagues in the House and the bill that I have introduced in the 

Senate adjusts the boundary of the park to include the nearby Spruce Hill area. 

This isn’t a land grab, or a case of eminent domain; the bill simply allows the Secretary of the Interior to purchase land from willing sellers. The National Park Service has issued reports in the past on the significance and desirability of adding 

Spruce Hill site into the Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. 

When most think of the Mound Builders of the Ohio valley who built these historic sites, they think of geometric wonders like Serpent Mound in Adams County, 

Ohio, or the dome shaped mounds at Ft. Ancient, Ohio. Yet, unlike these 

earthworks, the Spruce Hill site is set on a hilltop overlooking the Paint Creek Valley. The 140 acre enclosure is unlike anything currently at the Hopewell Culture 

National Historical Park. Archaeologists are still studying this site and we ought 

to continue our commitment to further understanding our heritage by protecting 

this irreplaceable site from vandals, looters, and future development. I am glad the 

committee will have the opportunity to consider the merits of this legislation. 

STATEMENT OF HON. THAD COCHRAN, U.S. SENATOR FROM MISSISSIPPI

Members of the Senate Energy Committee, I thank you for your allowing me to 

make a statement in support of legislation creating the Mississippi Hills National 

Heritage Area and the Mississippi Delta National Heritage Area. 

The history of the State of Mississippi is one of struggle and redemption, of literature and arts. It is a unique area of America, and its story has affected the entire 

country. I am pleased to speak on behalf of two areas of my State that have contributed greatly to this history. I am hopeful that you as a Committee will look favorably upon my efforts to have these areas recognized. 

North Mississippi’s Hills were the inspiration for William Faulkner’s Nobel Prize 

winning literature, and Faulkner’s hometown of Oxford, Mississippi, continues to be 

one of the most beautifully preserved town squares in the American South. Elvis 

Presley grew up in these Hills, and it was here he learned the sounds that transformed American music. 

Just to the West of the Mississippi Hills is the Delta region, the famed birthplace 

of the blues. B.B. King first strummed a guitar in the Mississippi Delta, and the 

rich Mississippi River soil deposits made for a storied agricultural past. From juke 

joints to catfish farms, the Mississippi Delta stands out as one of the most culturally 

distinctive area in America. 

I understand the Department of Interior is hesitant to encourage passage of these 

bills without an officially sanctioned review by the National Park Service. The alliVerDate Aug 31 2005 12:36 Sep 09, 2008 Jkt 043391 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\DOCS\44163.TXT SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA
48 

ances behind the creation of the Heritage Areas have worked hard to produce documents they and I feel are as worthy as any the National Park Service might 

produce, and I am happy to provide copies to any of you. 

I hope that additional funds will not be needed to reproduce these studies. Further review of the areas will be unnecessarily costly and time-consuming, and the 

National Park Service is not equipped with enough staff to make this process easier. 

Undoubtedly, legislation to create a more substantial National Heritage Area program is needed. 

I hope that my colleagues in the Senate will understand the importance of these 

regions to the cultural fabric of America, and I hope that the creation of these two 

Heritage Areas will encourage an understanding and appreciation of how much Mississippi has to offer. 

STATEMENT OF HON. ROGER F. WICKER, U.S. SENATOR FROM MISSISSIPPI, ON S. 2254 

AND S. 2512 

I would like to express my support for legislation to establish two national heritage areas in Mississippi, the Mississippi Hills National Heritage Area Act of 2007 

(S. 2254) and the Mississippi Delta National Heritage Area Act of 2007 (S. 2512). 

I was an avid supporter of this initiative when I served in the House and was a 

cosponsor for the House companion legislation introduced by Congressman Bennie 

Thompson. At that time, I represented mostly the Hills area. Now in my role as 

Senator, I am glad that I have the opportunity to represent both areas and continue 

to believe both are worthy of the National Heritage Area designation. 

As elected officials, we in Congress work hard to bring economic development to 

our states. In recent years, Mississippi has seen some aggressive industrial development, and we are proud of what these efforts are doing for job creation and the 

economy. However, in the midst of the changes that these efforts are bringing to 

the economic landscape, I believe it is important that we work simultaneously to 

protect our historic and cultural landscape. National Heritage Areas are designed 

to do just that. 

National Heritage Areas commemorate and promote locations that contain important natural, historic, cultural, or recreational resources. There are unique stories 

of cultural and historical significance all across the state of Mississippi. Gaining 

heritage area designation for the Mississippi Hills and the Delta would enable those 

stories to be promoted and shared with a larger audience. In addition, this initiative 

will work to benefit Mississippi’s economy by boosting tourism opportunities. 

The Mississippi Hills Heritage Area represents distinctive aspects of American 

heritage worthy of recognition, conservation, interpretation, and continuing use. The 

landscape contains numerous resources related to American literature and music; 

major events and persons that contributed substantively to the Nation’s history and 

folklore; transportation routes that played central roles in important military actions, settlement, migration, and commerce; and, social movements that substantively influenced past and present day society. 

Not only does the Mississippi Congressional Delegation believe in this initiative, 

but there is public participation from local governments, businesses, non-profit organizations, and residents. The Mississippi Hills Heritage Area Alliance was formed 

as the management entity for this initiative and has worked to involve a broad spectrum of groups. The impressively high levels of participation are proof of the merits 

of this trusted organization and its ability to manage this initiative. In addition, the 

University of Mississippi established the Mississippi Hills Institute for Heritage Resource Management to assist the Alliance in the development and management of 

the heritage area. These groups are evidence of the National Park Service’s goal of 

using heritage area as a vehicle for locally initiated protection and interpretation 

of natural, cultural, scenic and historic resources. 

The landscape of Mississippi is diverse, and the Mississippi River delta region is 

home to a rich culture. The river provided suitable land for settlements of Native 

Americans and was the stage for notable Civil War battles. Some of the rich history 

of the Mississippi Delta has been written in many ways by events that could not 

be controlled by humans, as with the Great Flood of 1927. 

The Delta Council, a regional economic development organization that represents 

business and agricultural leaders, has worked with numerous public officials in the 

region. This group recognizes these and other events of cultural importance and is 

working to preserve this national landmark story. The designation of National Heritage Area would go along way in aiding that effort. 

I strongly support both of these groups and believe both the Mississippi Hills and 

the Delta are worthy of the designation of National Heritage Areas. 

49 

STATEMENT OF PHYLISS ANN ARCHIBALD, MESQUITE, NV 

As a previous resident of the Island of Molokai, (by the way, I was born at 

Kapiolani Hospital and raised on the Island of Molokai) I fully support a memorial 

site within Kalaupapa National Historical Park. 

If you have never lived on the Island of Molokai or visited Kalaupapa settlement 

at all, you have missed a sad documented years of history of the lepers and the 

works of Father Damien. These individuals, for years, have been ostracized from the 

public due to their ignorance of the disease itself. During the late fifties and sixties, 

the Catholic Churches on the Island of Molokai held conferences at this peninsula. 

At this time, there were active patients, so those of us who wanted to make the trip 

for the convention had to be examined by the Board of Health making sure you had 

no open cuts, sores, and other things before given a clean health certificate. My experiences with this peninsula was a saddened one for those patients that were 

scarred for life. They were scarred so badly that when they were cured they did not 

want to live with us up above on the island. Also, the cured patients were so energetic as to beautify this peninsula and they were very proud of themselves. I believe, 

we, of the United States of America and the State of Hawaii established this memorial to honor and perpetuate the memory of those individuals who were forcibly relocated to the Kalaupapa Peninsula from 1866 to 1969 and their purposes to survive. 

I could go on and on about this subject, but I trust our dedicated members of Congress and Legislators of Hawaii will do the appropriate thing. 

STATEMENT OF SALLY-JO KEALA-O-ANUENUE BOWMAN, SPRINGFIELD, OR, ON S. 2502 

I write to support Senate Bill 2502, to establish a memorial monument at 

Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i. 

I am a native Hawaiian, part of the Pa family from the Hilo and Puna districts 

on the Big Island. I was born in 1940. For decades I have wondered why my father 

and his siblings, born between 1902 and 1910, could not remember their grandfather. Recently, through document research in the Hawaii State Archives and Hawaii State Board of Health, I found out why. Elemakule Pa was sent to Kalaupapa 

in March of 1907, at the age of 52. His death certificate In 1913 states that he was 

cremated, but does not say what was done with his ashes. We know only that he 

was born in 1854 as a subject of the Hawaiian Kingdom, and died a citizen of the 

United States, Territory of Hawaii. On his diagnostic/intake document he dictated 

‘‘My father died of leprosy many years ago at the Kakaako Hospital,’’ which functioned on O‘ahu in the late 1880s and early 1890s. Along with a Hawaiian Kingdom 

registration of his marriage in 1854, that mention of his death in the 1880s is ALL 

the information we have about Ha‘alipo Pa, my great-great grandfather. 

I have always been inspired by Elemakule’s daughter, my grandmother, who died 

in 1911 some 30 years before I was born. But I knew nothing of Elemakule, or his 

father. Now that I have discovered their enforced exiles to Kalaupapa and their 

deaths in Hawaii’s other quarantined leprosy hospitals of that time period, I am inspired by them as well, as I seek the meaning of what it is to be Hawaiian in the 

21st century. 

We have no picture of Ha‘alipo, but I look often at the photo of Elemakule from 

the Archives, taken the day of his commitment in March 1907. He stands with arms 

crossed over the chest of his checkered shirt, in the manner of all intake photos. 

His neat beard is white, his hair graying. He looks straight at the camera, serious, 

maybe reluctantly, perhaps resigned. It is the only picture we have. Until I found 

it In 2006, we had none at all. 

We are grateful to know these small but important facts about these men. But 

our family has no place to honor them, my great-grandfather and great-great grandfather, whom we could not mourn until now, not knowing of their deaths. It would 

mean a great deal to us to have their names on a memorial monument at 

Kalaupapa, along with the other 8,000 people who were ‘‘apprehended’’ as it as 

called, sometimes in round ups in which bounties were paid just as for criminals 

at large. Then, like criminals instead of sick people, they were permanently exiled. 

Hawaiian culture, like many other cultures, places much emphasis on guiding ancestors, and on reverence for them. Elemakule and Ha‘alipo were never able to fulfill the role of kupuna—elder—in our family. A memorial monument would give us 

a tangible way of being able to honor them now as ancestors. 

Mahalo—thank you—for your kind consideration. 

50 

STATEMENT OF DAYTON KUPELE

I Dayton Kupele grandson of David Kupele Sr. on behalf of my grandfather who 

was incarcerated to Kalawao due to leprosy known as classified Hansen disease give 

this testimony. 

Being sent to Kalawao by the state government was a cruel life. Grandfather was 

a young lad at the time, and took heed to adjust quickly to his new life. Learning 

of grandpa’s illness was awkward for me. I didn’t understand why I couldn’t be with 

him when he came to Honolulu for treatments. We weren’t able to spend much time 

as grandfather to grandson; that’s the part I missed growing up. As I got older I 

was able to go to Kalaupapa where my grandfather settled after Kalawao. There he 

was the Post Master of Kalaupapa peninsula. My father David Kupele Jr. took me 

to Kalaupapa to visit my grandfather. I remember staying at visitors’ quarters and 

grandfather keeping us company. Then my dad and I would go to grandfather’s 

house, but I couldn’t enter his home. Upon listening to my family share stories 

about grandfather it brought the reality of leprosy to my understanding. Leprosy 

was never to be spoken of back then, and was looked at shamefully by society. My 

dad the late David Kupele Jr. was born in Kalawao also and was separated from 

my grandfather for X amount of years, because all children born there were taken 

away. Due to this they weren’t able to spend much time as father and son. My 

grandpa missed my dad’s entire childhood. 

Over 30 years had pasted before I returned to Kalaupapa. I was breathless when 

I landed, and shed many tears as if I were here with my grandfather. I was introduced to a few patients who are still in kalaupapa who knew my grandfather well. 

They shared with me stories of his life as a Postman, paniolo (cowboy), and overall 

genuine human being. It was very cruel what society did to our people of Hawaii. 

Incarcerated and exiled from society they had each other to share the hardships of 

leprosy. Thank God for Father Damien and his ministry outreach to the leprosy patients. He gave hope and added strength to our people. I believe the patients are 

entitled to a memorial monument for the pain and suffering they endured due to 

state government actions. 

UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST, 

April 10, 2008. 

Hon. JEFF BINGAMAN, 

Chairman, Energy and Natural Resources Committee, 304 Dirksen Senate Office 

Building, Washington, DC. 

RE: S. 2502 ‘‘Kalaupapa Memorial Act’’ 

DEAR SENATOR BINGAMAN: As Conference Minister of the Hawai‘i Conference of 

the United Church of Christ, I am supportive of S. 2502, which would authorize Ka 

‘Ohana O Kalaupapa to establish a memorial ‘‘to honor and perpetuate the memory 

of those individuals who were forcibly relocated to Kalaupapa Peninsula from 1866 

to 1969.’’ 

The United Church of Christ (UCC) and its predecessor denominations have been 

active and present on the Kalaupapa peninsula from the beginning of the forced relocation of Hansen’s disease patients through the Siloama (Kalawao) and Kana‘ana 

Hou (Kalaupapa) churches, which have merged over time to become what is known 

today as the Kana‘ana Hou-Siloama United Church of Christ. 

The UCC is also active as a supporting member of Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa, consisting of patients and their families and friends, which advocates for the needs and 

rights of the patients and works closely and cooperatively with the National Parks 

Service and State of Hawai‘i Department of Hawaiian Homelands. 

With the numbers of patients at Kalaupapa declining, our own members at 

Kana‘ana Hou-Siloama along with the members of Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa have 

become increasingly concerned about the future. In particular, will the memories 

and histories of the thousands of patients survive after the last one has died? How 

will the tales of injustice, as well as stories of courage and survival, be shared that 

they may teach and inspire future generations? 

Together we are addressing these questions, but we are convinced that at the very 

least a memorial of some kind would be a positive and encouraging step toward honoring the dignity and perpetuating the legacy of all those who lived in this special 

place at a unique time in U.S. history. 

Support for such a memorial is broad-based, but most importantly the idea was 

conceived by and receives overwhelming support from the patients themselves. The 

UCC believes strongly that those most likely to be silent or silenced are the ones 

whose voices we as a society most need to hear. For this reason, I urge you to hear 

51 

the wishes of the patients and to give due consideration to the establishment of a 

memorial. 

Sincerely, 

CHARLES BUCK, 

Hawai‘i Conference Minister. 

STATEMENT OF TOM GRESHAM, CHAIRMAN, DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT, DELTA

COUNCIL, NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA, MISSISSIPPI DELTA

In recognition of the significant role which the U.S. Department of Interior and 

the National Park Service have historically played in administering the programs 

important to capturing the cultural history of our Nation, the 18 Delta and partDelta counties of Northwest Mississippi have engaged in dialogue with the National 

Park Service to request assistance and advice in efforts to highlight the unique history of this Mississippi Delta region which has been endowed with events and people that have changed the culture of our country. 

Although many in the Nation associate the Mississippi Delta with the Old South 

and the Civil War, a closer study of the region clearly defines it as a post-Civil War 

development in the country, due to the harsh living conditions which were commonly underscored by yellow fever, malaria, and other maladies which accompanied 

the development of the Nation’s largest alluvial floodplain. 

Also, more than a thousand years before the discovery of America by its earliest 

European settlers, the Mississippi Delta was inhabited by Native Americans who 

were mound builders. This advanced civilization of Native Americans almost vanished without notice in the 13th Century, leaving nothing but the large earthen 

mounds and buried cities mostly scattered along the high banks of the Mississippi 

River in this Delta region. 

From the early days of mound builders, the region’s cultural and historic significance fast forwarded to the siege of Vicksburg and General Grant’s campaign to invade Vicksburg through the Mississippi Delta. The series of failed attempts to seize 

the river town of Vicksburg from Confederate hands is studied by military experts 

even today, because of its naval, infantry, and artillery feats which were exhibited 

by both the Union and Confederate military. 

Without dispute, the region of the Nation influenced most by the waters of the 

mighty Mississippi River is the Mississippi Delta. The Mississippi Delta has always 

been about water, the management of this Nation’s greatest water body and the conflicts between man and nature. The Great Flood of 1927, which began with a levee 

break in the heart of the Mississippi Delta, awakened the Nation to the Federal responsibility for floodwaters which annually inundated the Lower Mississippi River 

Valley, gathering waters from 31 states and two provinces of Canada each year as 

it meandered across the Mississippi Delta on its way to the Gulf of Mexico. It was 

the Great Flood of 1927, taking the lives of thousands of people, and its destruction 

of property spanning more than 15 million acres, that aroused the soul of the citizenry of the area and contributed toward the founding of the blues and literary genius of legendary proportion. 

Many of the most prominent Civil Rights figures in the movement for voter registration and social justice germinated from the agricultural fields and the one-room 

tenant houses of farms scattered across the Mississippi Delta. The infamous Fannie 

Lou Hamer and the more contemporary Unita Blackwell, were the matriarchs of the 

early Civil Rights movement. 

Even today, visiting scholars, graduate student classes from the Far West, Midwest, Northwest, and New England, make their journeys to the Mississippi Delta 

to ‘‘connect to The River’’, the streets, nightclubs, and juke joints which birthed the 

Delta blues. These people desire to engage in literary enlightenment about the environment which inspired powerful writers like William Alexander Percy, Shelby 

Foote, and the numerous other artists whose writings were not only from the Delta, 

but were the Delta. 

Delta Council, a regional economic development organization representing business and agricultural leaders, combined with public officials in the region who recognized the importance of preserving this national landmark story, feel that it is appropriate to request that the Congress adopt the necessary steps to engage the 

United States Department of Interior, National Park Service, and the Mississippi 

Delta in the formation of a National Heritage Area in the Mississippi Delta. Without the expertise and history of success of the federal role of the National Park 

Service, the rich cultural and heritage-based significance of this unique region of the 

country is almost certain to fade over time. Like the mound building Native AmeriVerDate Aug 31 2005 12:36 Sep 09, 2008 Jkt 043391 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\DOCS\44163.TXT SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA
52 

cans who are the earliest account of settlers in this region, this history will evaporate without an organized and professional effort to brand and package it. 

The Mississippi Delta has been a laboratory for federal, State, university, and private foundation studies aimed at the impacts of the land, the water, the music and 

the writings of the Mississippi Delta on the conscience and the soul of our Nation. 

Specific and well-defined cultural and heritage resource analyses have been performed by experts during the past decade, to emphasize the importance of preserving the historical events that shaped this place called the Mississippi Delta. 

Conferences which have attracted scholars from all parts of the Nation as well as 

Inter-Continental visitors, have focused on the cultural and heritage resources. Published proceedings of these conferences have suggested methods to develop resource 

coordination which will be needed in order to properly document the rich history of 

this region. It is for these reasons that Delta Council, acting in cooperation with 

local public officials, the Mississippi Development Authority and local elected officials has chosen to forego yet another cultural and heritage resource analysis. Unless it is prerequisite and holds promise for a separate outcome, in terms of its content for acceptance by the Congress, we have opted to forego another analysis of 

issues which remain unchanged. 

We respectfully request the assistance of the United States Congress in establishing a National Heritage Area in the 18 Delta and part-Delta counties of Northwest Mississippi and we look forward to the opportunity to engage in a FederalState-local partnership for the purpose of recovering and properly documenting the 

sense of place which is so profoundly enunciated in the Mississippi Delta. 

STATEMENT OF KAREN M. HOLT, ESQ., KAUNAKAKAI, HI, ON S. 2502 AND H.R. 3332 

I am writing in support of Senate Bill 2502, which would authorize the construction of a memorial containing the names of all who were sent to die on the isolated 

peninsula at Kalaupapa, on the island of Moloka‘i, after being diagnosed with Hansen’s Disease (commonly known as leprosy). 

Please support the creation of this monument. I have family members who were 

sent to Kalaupapa with the disease, and it was a cruel fate. The Hawaiians called 

the disease ma‘i ho‘oka‘awale, ‘‘the separating sickness,’’ because loved ones were 

torn from their families as soon as they were diagnosed. My great aunt’s two small 

children came home from school one day in the early 1930’s to find their mother 

gone and the entire family wailing in grief. She never came home, and she died in 

Kalaupapa without seeing her children again. 

I have been to the Vietnam Memorial in Washington and read the names engraved there. That memorial is a deeply affecting monument not only to those who 

were lost, but also to the nation’s respect for their ultimate sacrifice. We need such 

places to reflect on the past and to learn from its tragedies. A monument to the 

Kalaupapa patients would create an enduring record of thousands who died less 

celebrated deaths, and it would also be a comfort to families who were never permitted to give their loved ones a proper burial. In addition to providing solace for 

these families, a monument would also provide a place to consider the courage and 

dignity of these outcasts, and to strengthen our compassion for all those who are 

afflicted with burdens not of their own choosing. 

In the names of the thousands who perished at Kalaupapa, including my own 

family members, I hope that you will support the establishment of this monument. 

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR INTEGRATION, DIGNITY AND ECONOMIC

ADVANCEMENT, 

April 8, 2008. 

Hon. DANIEL K. AKAKA, 

Chairman, Subcommittee on National Parks, Historic Preservation and Recreation, 

141 Hart Senate Office Building, Washington, DC. 

DEAR SENATOR AKAKA: Please find our testimony in support of S2502—the 

Kalaupapa Memorial Act. 

As individuals who have been involved in preserving the history of Kalaupapa for 

over 30 years, we strongly support the creation of this Memorial. 

Kalaupapa is still in its historic period and we are still learning a great deal 

about the estimated 8,000 people who were sent there. This Memorial is clearly the 

will of the remaining residents and we also knew many people, who are no longer 

with us, who also supported this effort to recognize the people of Kalaupapa. 

We particularly remember David Ono Kupele, who had five generations of his 

family at Kalaupapa. The first, a man named Kupele, was sent to Kalaupapa shortVerDate Aug 31 2005 12:36 Sep 09, 2008 Jkt 043391 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\DOCS\44163.TXT SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA
53 

ly after the arrival of Father Damien in May, 1873. David Kupele, sent to 

Kalaupapa in 1915, was determined that his family should be remembered. There 

are no identifiable graves for three generations of his family representing both the 

Kupele and Pulehu sides. 

We thank you for your efforts to ensure that these 8,000 people, of whom at least 

90% were native Hawaiians, are brought out of anonymity and back into the history 

of Kalaupapa. 

With best wishes, 

ANWEI SKINSNES LAW, 

Kalaupapa Historian. 

HENRY G. LAW, 

First Superintendent. 

STATEMENT OF PAUL MANGE JOHANSEN, CAMBRIDGE, MA 

I strongly join your plea urging Congress to allow the construction of a memorial 

honoring the names of the thousands of sufferers from Hansen’s Disease (leprosy) 

who died anonymously at the Kalaupapa Settlement on Moloka‘i (‘‘Memory on 

Molokai,’’ March 2). 

Similar, far smaller monuments have been erected at the former US Public 

Health Hospital in Carville, Louisiana and on Penikese Island in Massachusetts. 

The memorial at St. Jorgen’s Hospital in Bergen, Norway has an emotional impact 

similar to that of the Vietnam Memorial. 

Hawai‘i took a historic step toward honoring its infamous legacy of Hansen’s Disease control by passing the ‘‘Patient Dignity Act’’ (SB 1713 SD1) in April, 2005 stating that ‘‘the legislature declares its intent to ensure that all residents at Kalaupapa 

are treated with dignity, respect, courtesy, and sensitivity.’’ 

It is time for the federal government to extend that dignity to those unlucky people, long since forgotten, whose lives were effectively taken from them by a bacterium. 

Note: The author has researched Hansen’s Disease-related topics for over two decades and most recently produced the exhibit, ‘‘Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy): A Feared 

Infection.’’ 

STATEMENT OF LEIMOMI KHAN, PRESIDENT, ASSOCIATION OF HAWAIIAN CIVIC CLUBS, HONOLULU, HI, ON H.R. 3332 

Thank you for this opportunity to testify in strong support of H.R. 3332, which 

would provide for the establishment of a memorial within Kalaupapa National Historical Park located on the island of Molokai, in the State of Hawai‘i, to honor and 

perpetuate the memory of those individuals who were forcibly relocated to the 

Kalaupapa Peninsula from 1866 to 1969, and for other purposes. 

The Association of Hawaiian Civic Clubs is a growing national confederation of 

fifty-three Hawaiian Civic Clubs, located throughout the State of Hawai‘i and in the 

States of Alaska, California, Colorado, Illinois, Nevada, Utah, Virgnia and Washington State. It initiates and works to support actions that enhance the civic, economic, educational, health and social welfare of our communities, and in particular, 

the culture and welfare of the Native Hawaiian community. 

On October 28, 2006, the Association passed Resolution No. 46, ‘‘Urging the 

United States (U.S.) Congress to Provide for the Establishment of a Memorial Within Kalaupapa National Historical Park Located on the Island of Molokai, in the 

State of Hawai‘i, to Honor and Perpetuate the Memory of Those Individuals Who 

Were Forcibly Relocated from 1866 to 1969’’. 

The Association coordinated its support efforts with Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa, a 

non-profit organization established in August of 2003 whose membership consists of 

patient residents at Kalaupapa, as well as their family and friends, to honor the 

memory and to promote the value and dignity of the more than 8,000 individuals, 

an estimated 90% of whom were indigenous Hawaiian, forcibly separated from their 

families and relocated to Kalaupapa. 

In addition to its debilitating symptoms and the social stigma associated with 

Hansen’s disease, these more than 8,000 individuals and their families, each with 

a unique and distinct story, experienced profound traumatic loss, abandonment and 

permanent separation from their immediate and extended families and communities. Many who died on the peninsula were buried in unmarked graves. 

It is altogether fitting to honor and remember these more than 8,000 individuals, 

forced into exile, through a Memorial at Kalaupapa, which would be the only one 

54 

of its kind in the world. Every person taken from their family and sent to 

Kalaupapa will be duly recognized with honor and dignity as part of Kalaupapa National Historical Park. Such a Memorial would also provide future generations with 

the opportunity to restore family ties that were severed, not by disease, but by society’s misunderstanding of the disease. 

On behalf of the Association of Hawaiian Civic Clubs, I strongly urge favorable 

action on H.R. 3332. 

Thank you for this opportunity to submit written testimony. 

STATEMENT OF ELIZABETH KUULEI BELL, PRESIDENT, KA‘ OHANA O KALAUPAPA

I am writing in strong support of the bill that would establish a Monument on 

the Kalaupapa peninsula in honor of the thousands of Hawaii residents who were 

taken from their families, forced to relocate there and start new lives. 

I am one of those people. So was my father, my grandfather, my father’s twin sister, my husband and many more family members. I was taken from my mother as 

a child. Once I was diagnosed with leprosy, she could no longer hold me. When I 

gave birth to my children, I could not hold them as babies. Only because of our love 

of ‘family did we remain close, if not physically, in spirit. We always remained in 

each other’s hearts. 

I want to see everybody’s name on the Monument, everybody who was sent to 

Kalaupapa. The Monument will be a permanent way to honor all of us who were 

sent here and give our descendents pride. I want my children and grandchildren 

great-grandchildren to know that we were here. 

Since Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa was organized five years ago, I have served as 

president and have been a member of the Monument Committee. The Monument 

has been a priority of the ‘Ohana from its inception. Last summer, we raised enough 

money to have two people familiar with the history of Kalaupapa compile the list 

of the names of the first 5,000 people who were sent there. These 5,000 names will 

serve as the basis of the first phase of the Monument. 

Several months ago, I was asked to give a presentation about the Monument at 

the Conference for Native Hawaiian Advancement in Honolulu. As I spoke, the hall 

fell silent as everyone seemed to hang on my every word. When I was finished, I 

received a standing ovation from hundreds of my fellow Hawaiians, many with tears 

in their eyes. Some people spontaneously called out that they, too, had family at 

Kalaupapa and wanted them to be remembered. A man began chanting. After the 

presentation, the group made the Kalaupapa Monument one of its priorities to support. It was one of the most moving days of my life. 

Please help us make the Monument a reality. We want our names to be remembered, we want our lives to be remembered. 

STATEMENT OF HENRY G. LAW, ON S. 2502 

My first connection with Kalaupapa was in 1977 when I was working with the 

National Park Service on the new area study for Kalaupapa. I moved there in 1982 

as the first National Park Service employee and from 1984-1988, I served as the 

first Superintendent of Kalaupapa National Historical Park. Thus, I have had the 

opportunity to develop close relationships with many of the people of Kalaupapa for 

close to 30 years. I strongly support the idea of a Memorial at Kalaupapa, which 

will greatly aid in the Park’s mandate of preserving Kalaupapa’s history for the education and inspiration of present and future generations. 

Unlike most other sites managed by the National Park Service (NPS), Kalaupapa 

is still in its historic period. Its residents, past and present, are the most significant 

resource in the Park. With this in mind, we undertook a major oral history project 

at Kalaupapa so that the memories and wisdom of the residents could be integrally 

incorporated into present and future interpretation of this most significant history. 

While we were able to document the experiences of people who had been sent to 

Kalaupapa as early as 1914, we also realized that at least three-fourths of those 

sent to Kalaupapa had arrived prior to this time. Interpreting their role in 

Kalaupapa’s history was extremely difficult since all that was left at Kalawao, the 

site of the first leprosy community, was Father Damien’s Church, some building 

ruins and a few graves where previously there had been more than 2,000. At 

present there simply is no way to adequately convey to visitors or family members 

the enormity of the toll that the isolation policies took on the people of Hawaii. 

In looking at Kalaupapa, one must think beyond the traditional NPS policies if 

the mandate of the Park is to be truly realized. Though erecting memorials is generally against NPS policy, again, it has to be remembered that Kalaupapa is still 

55 

in its historic period. The Memorial is clearly the wish of the remaining residents 

and so many of those who have passed away who were actively involved in the establishment of Kalaupapa as a National Historical Park in order that their history 

and the history of all who came before them would be remembered. 

I still remember Harry Yamamoto, one of my closest friends, stating that he wanted to be buried in Honolulu because he didn’t think that anyone would maintain 

his grave if he was buried at Kalaupapa. This was not unusual when one understands the number of burial markers that have been lost to neglect and the natural 

elements, including a tsunami. Although preserving the graves became a priority for 

the National Park Service, the current inventory of graves only represents approximately one sixth of the total number of people that were forcibly isolated because 

of a much misunderstood and feared disease. 

We are living in a time when people can be proud of having endured what most 

of us cannot even imagine. We have a responsibility to these individuals to remember the sacrifices they made so that the public could feel safe. They are Kalaupapa’s 

most important resource. The proposed monument represents a way in which each 

person can be afforded their rightful place in history. 

STATEMENT OF CYNTHIA MOLINA, ON S. 2502 AND H.R. 3332 

Chairperson Bingaman, Ranking Member Pete Domenici and Members of the Senate Subcommittee on National Parks. Thank you for this opportunity to testify in 

support of the Kalaupapa Memorial Act, introduced as S. 2502 and H.R. 3332. 

I am the granddaughter of Leon Nono who was a long time resident of Kalaupapa, 

Moloka‘i. I first met my grandfather nearly 37 years ago, when I was but 10 years 

old. At that time, my siblings and I were not allowed to touch him as he was shielded from us (like a prisoner) by a glass in a visitors shack at the old Hale Mahalo 

in Pearlcity. At the age of 16, along with my older sister’s and brother, I was allowed to visit my grandfather in Kalaupapa but could only stay until the sun set. 

At the age of 18, I revisited and continue to visit until today. 

I am fully aware of the history behind Kalaupapa and my grandfather’s exile and 

wish not to voice these things that are done already. Rather, I would like to share 

the beauty that has resulted from this tragedy. Have you ever ate at the same table 

with a leper, or shared the same bowl, or slept aside a leper, or kissed and hugged 

and loved a leper? I and my siblings have, and if not for my grandfather, I would 

be feeble minded to the differences this world possesses. Instead of hatred and 

anger and all the traits that fit this malevolent disease, from it came a deep benevolence that is conceivable only to those who know its traits. I am loved by a leper 

and not just one—but by many. Kalaupapa will never be the same when the few 

patients left are no more. The patients are what made Kalaupapa what it is today: 

spiritual, untouched (yet an exile to the untouchables). But I have touched and have 

been touched many times over and have been healed from narrow-mindedness, biasness, prejudice, discrimination and all that fit these traits. 

Though the roads are newly paved and the houses freshly painted, all but a few 

love and laughter remain. ‘‘Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth’’, 

and the patients of Kalaupapa have inherited this flat leafed peninsula on Moloka‘i. 

And though I ask that their names be engraved in stone, what is more priceless 

is that their names be engraved in our hearts. Let them not be ‘‘forgotten’’ no more. 

Through my grandfathe’rs tragedy, my siblings and I were blessed to have been 

loved by and to have love so many. 

Mahalo Kalaupapa—Thank you for this opportunity to submit my testimony in 

support of the Kalaupapa Memorial Act. Please vote yes and support S. 2502 and 

H.R. 3332 

STATEMENTS OF SUPPORT FOR A MONUMENT AT KALAUPAPA THAT WERE GIVEN TO

VALERIE MONSON IN LATE SEPTEMBER AND EARLY OCTOBER OF 2006 AT KALAUPAPA

I want to see a monument honoring the people of Kalaupapa before I die. 

I want to see all the names. These people are my friends—even though 

many of them died before I came here and I didn’t know them personally, 

in spirit we are all together. I know their hearts and souls. 

—Olivia Breitha, 90, who was sent to Kalaupapa in 1937 and is the author of the book, ‘‘Olivia: My Life of Exile in Kalaupapa.’’ Olivia spoke these 

words barely a week before she died on Sept. 28, 2006. 

I think we deserve to be remembered. We are part of this world. The people outside of Kalaupapa should know that we did one great thing: we were 

56 

incarcerated here just for their sake because they thought we were contagious. We didn’t want to be sent here. It was for the safety of other people 

that we were put away. Greater love hath no man than to give up his life 

for a friend. That’s what we did. —Cathrine Puahala, sent to Kalaupapa on May 15, 1942, a few years 

after being taken away from her family at age 7 because she was diagnosed 

with leprosy. Three brothers and a sister of Cathrine were also sent to 

Kalaupapa where they died. Cathrine gave this statement on Oct. 4, 2006. 

I was taken from my family on the Big Island of Hawaii at age 10 and 

sent to Honolulu after I was diagnosed with leprosy, now called Hansen’s 

disease. This was not the first time that our family was torn apart by the 

disease. My two older sisters were shipped to Kalaupapa in 1929 and 1932, 

respectively. Because I was only six years old when my second sister left, 

I never understood why she went away. 

After they were sent to Kalaupapa, I never saw my sisters again. Even 

though I, too, was sent to Kalaupapa in 1941, they had already died. I 

never could find their graves. I don’t know how many years I searched and 

searched for them. I used to walk the graveyards from one end to the other 

looking for the graves of my sisters. Until today, I cannot find them. 

I’d like to see the names of my sisters on a memorial at Kalaupapa—I’d 

like to see the names right next to mine.’’ 

—Henry Nalaielua, who was sent to Kalaupapa in 1941 and is the author of the book, ‘‘No Footprints in the Sand.’’ Henry gave this statement on 

Oct. 5, 2006. 

Sign for my aunt. Sign for Uncle Frank. Sign for my dad. Sign for Eddie 

(his brother), 

—Richard Marks, a longtime businessman and activist at Kalaupapa. 

After Richard authorized the signature of his name to the petition supporting a monument, on Oct. 5, 2005, he asked that the signatures of members of his family buried at Kalaupapa also be added. 

STATMENT OF JOHN L. NAU, III, CHAIRMAN, ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC

PRESERVATION, ON S. 2262 

SUMMARY STATEMENT

The Preserve America and Save America’s Treasures Act (S. 2262) would provide 

legislative authorization for two existing programs that are important sources of 

support for the preservation and productive use of our nation’s historic properties. 

The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), an independent federal 

agency, has been a leader in administering the Preserve America program over the 

five years of its existence. We can attest to the success of Preserve America in helping communities across the nation. Preserve America, with its emphasis on publicprivate partnerships to promote heritage tourism and economic vitality through historic preservation, complements the work of the Save America’s Treasures Program, 

which helps to fund the rehabilitation and conservation of America’s most significant historic resources. The ACHP supports S. 2262, since legislative authorization 

will ensure the continued existence of these important programs. 

BACKGROUND

Title II of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) established the ACHP. 

NHPA charges the ACHP with advising the President and the Congress on historic 

preservation matters and entrusts the ACHP with the unique mission of advancing 

historic preservation within the federal government and the national historic preservation program. The ACHP’s authority and responsibilities are principally derived 

from the NHPA. 

The ACHP plays a pivotal role in the national historic preservation program. 

Founded as a unique partnership among federal, state, and local governments, Indian tribes, and the public to advance the preservation of America’s heritage while 

recognizing contemporary needs, the partnership has matured and expanded over 

time. The ACHP promotes consistency in federal preservation efforts and assists 

federal agencies in meeting their preservation responsibilities. 

The ACHP also plays a key role in shaping historic preservation policy and programs at the highest levels of the Administration. In that capacity, the ACHP created an initiative for the White House designed to stimulate creative partnerships 

among all levels of government and the private sector to preserve and actively use 

57 

1Federal agencies represented on the Preserve America Steering Committee are the ACHP; 

the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, and Transportation; the General Services Administration; the Institute for Museum and Library Services; the National Endowment for the Humanities; the President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities; and the President’s Council on Environmental Quality. 

historic resources for a better appreciation of America’s history and diversity. The 

initiative is known as Preserve America. 

The components of Preserve America complement the work of the Save America’s 

Treasures program. Save America’s Treasures grants fund preservation and/or conservation work on nationally significant intellectual and cultural artifacts and historic structures and sites. The Preserve America and Save America’s Treasures Act 

(S. 2262) would provide legislative authorization for both the Preserve America initiative and the Save America’s Treasures program. 

PRESERVE AMERICA

First Lady Laura Bush, Honorary Chair of Preserve America, announced the Preserve America initiative on March 3, 2003. On the same day, President George W. 

Bush issued Executive Order 13287, ‘‘Preserve America,’’ to improve federal stewardship of historic properties and to foster recognition of such properties as national 

assets to be used for economic, educational, and other purposes. 

Preserve America encourages and supports community efforts to preserve and 

enjoy our priceless cultural and natural heritage. The goals of the initiative include 

a greater shared knowledge about the nation’s past, strengthened regional identities 

and local pride, increased local participation in preserving the country’s cultural and 

natural heritage assets, and support for the economic vitality of our communities. 

Preserve America promotes these objectives through the following: 

• Recognition programs: The ACHP administers the Preserve America Communities program (discussed in detail below) and the Preserve America Presidential Awards program. Through the Presidential Awards program, four 

awards are given annually to organizations, businesses, and government entities for exemplary accomplishments in the sustainable use and preservation of 

cultural or natural heritage assets; demonstrated commitment to the protection 

and interpretation of America’s cultural or natural heritage assets; and integration of these assets into contemporary community life. 

• Financial assistance for local communities: The National Park Service manages 

the Preserve America Grants program (discussed in detail below). 

• Educational outreach: The Preserve America History Teacher of the Year 

Award, established by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, recognizes outstanding American history teachers and the crucial importance of 

American history education. As Honorary Chair of Preserve America, First Lady 

Laura Bush has presented this annual award. 

• Preserve America Summit: To celebrate the 40th anniversary of passage of the 

NHPA, the ACHP convened the Preserve America Summit in October 2006. 

With First Lady Laura Bush as the keynote speaker, more than 450 invited 

participants gathered to consider historic preservation’s past and future. Based 

on issues discussed at the Summit, the ACHP issued recommendations on actions the federal government should take to promote continued growth and improvement in the federal preservation program, and enhanced use and appreciation of America’s invaluable heritage assets. The ACHP is working with federal 

and non-federal partners to advance implementation of these recommendations. 

• Executive Order 13287, ‘‘Preserve America’’: The Preserve America Executive 

Order mandates a number of actions that are intended to encourage better accountability for the use of federally owned historic properties. Every three 

years, each agency with real property management responsibilities must prepare and submit to the ACHP and the Secretary of the Interior a report detailing the progress the agency has made in identifying, protecting, and using historic properties in its ownership. Based on these reports, the ACHP prepares 

a report to the President on the state of the federal government’s historic properties and their contribution to local economic development. 

The ACHP co-chairs (with the Department of the Interior) a Preserve America 

Steering Committee comprised of 13 departments and agencies.1 In coordination 

with the White House, the Preserve America Steering Committee identifies policy 

needs and oversees the initiative. At the operational level, ACHP staff works with 

partner federal agencies and others as appropriate to carry out specific Preserve 

America activities. 

58 

2 A Certified Local Government (CLG) is a community whose local preservation program has 

been certified by their State Historic Preservation Officer as meeting established standards for 

the protection of historic properties. CLGs are eligible to receive a portion of the federal Historic 

Preservation Fund funding provided to the states. 

Preserve America Communities 

S. 2262 would codify the current process for designating Preserve America Communities. The ACHP, in cooperation with the National Park Service, administers 

the Preserve America Community program. Designation recognizes communities 

that protect and celebrate their local heritage. Communities eligible to apply include 

municipalities, counties, Indian tribes, and neighborhoods in large cities. Since the 

program began, Mrs. Bush has designated 608 communities in all 50 states and the 

U.S. Virgin Islands. 

Preserve America Communities use their historic assets for economic development 

and community revitalization and encourage people to experience and appreciate 

local historic resources through education and heritage tourism programs. To be 

designated, an applicant community must demonstrate that it recently supported a 

historic or cultural preservation project that promotes heritage tourism or fosters 

economic vitality and which involves a public/private partnership. The community 

also must indicate its commitment to the preservation of heritage assets and meet 

criteria within three broad categories: discovering heritage through historic places, 

protecting historic resources, and promoting historic assets. 

Currently designated Preserve America Communities are richly varied. Some are 

iconic historic places, like New Orleans, Gettysburg, and Williamsburg. Some are 

major metropolitan areas, such as Philadelphia, Phoenix, and Miami. In contrast, 

Preserve America Communities can also be very small, like Medora, North Dakota, 

(population 100) a gateway community for Theodore Roosevelt National Park that 

has become a popular tourist attraction in large part because of preservation of its 

frontier heritage. 

Neighborhoods in large cities can apply to become Preserve America Communities, and the 14 designated to date are diverse. Among them are Honolulu’s 

Chinatown Historic District, San Diego’s Little Italy, and The District, the historic 

heart of Nashville, Tennessee. Counties are also eligible for designation. Among 

those designated are six rural counties in southeastern Colorado—Baca, Bent, Crowley, Kiowa, Otero, and Prowers Counties—that became Preserve America Communities as part of a regional strategy to promote heritage tourism and economic revitalization. 

Indian tribes as well as Native Alaskan villages and corporations are also eligible 

to become Preserve America Communities. Two have applied to date, resulting in 

designation of the White Mountain Apache Tribe and St. George Island in Alaska’s 

Pribilof Islands. 

Designation as a Preserve America Community provides national recognition for 

the grass-roots efforts of communities both to preserve their heritage and to use it 

in support of their economic vitality. In addition to intangible benefits such as enhanced community visibility and pride, Preserve America Community designation 

also makes communities eligible for Preserve America Grants. 

Preserve America Grants 

S. 2262 would provide legislative authorization for the existing Preserve America Grant Program. Since 2006, Congress has appropriated almost $17 million for Preserve America Grants. Administered by the National Park Service, in cooperation 

with the ACHP, these grants offer a new type of federal preservation funding that 

supports heritage tourism initiatives, promotion/marketing programs, and interpretive/educational initiatives. 

While other programs address physical rehabilitation, Preserve America Grants 

provide critically needed up-front planning and associated assistance to communities 

looking for ways to preserve their local heritage in a self-sustaining manner. No 

other federal funding program has this specific focus. Preserve America Grants support planning, development, implementation, or enhancement of innovative activities and programs in heritage tourism, including interpretation/education, planning, 

marketing, training, and research/documentation of cultural resources. Funded 

projects involve public-private partnerships and serve as models to communities nationwide for heritage tourism, historic preservation, education, and economic development. 

Preserve America Grants are awarded through a competitive process. Grants require a dollar-for-dollar, non-federal match, which can be cash, donated services, or 

use of equipment. Eligible recipients are designated Preserve America Communities; 

Certified Local Governments2 that have applied for Preserve America Community 

59 

designation; State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPOs); and Tribal Historic Preservation Offices (THPOs). The minimum grant request is $20,000 federal share (resulting in a total project cost of $40,000). The maximum grant request for any 

project is $250,000 (resulting in a total project cost of $500,000). 

Some communities, like the historic textile center of Gastonia, North Carolina, 

have received grants to develop multi-faceted marketing campaigns—using 

wayfinding signs, walking tour brochures, Web sites and other materials—to promote themselves as heritage and cultural tourism destinations. Others are using 

Preserve America Grants to plan for the reuse of historic properties for heritage 

tourism. For example, Brattleboro, Vermont, received a Preserve America Grant to 

create a master plan for the rehabilitation and adaptive reuse of the historic Estey 

Organ Factory Complex as a museum. Similarly, Silver City, New Mexico, is using 

a Preserve America Grant to plan for the adaptive reuse and rehabilitation of the 

historic Silver City Waterworks. 

Twenty-five SHPOs have received Preserve America Grants. Some, like Arkansas 

and South Carolina, have established subgrant programs to assist local communities 

in promoting heritage tourism. Others, including Montana and Wyoming, are using 

Preserve America Grants to fund preservation and heritage tourism training for 

local communities. 

Some SHPO grant recipients are focusing their efforts on specific historic properties. For example, Pennsylvania is creating a living history program to increase 

the visibility of Underground Railroad and Civil War resources in several counties, 

while Georgia has launched a campaign to protect and interpret the state’s historic 

cemeteries. Several states—Arkansas, Colorado, Kentucky, Montana, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania—are using Preserve America Grant funds for survey and 

planning initiatives aimed at revitalizing rural areas through heritage tourism. 

Preserve America Grants do not fund ‘‘bricks and mortar’’ rehabilitation of historic resources, but rather their productive continued preservation and use. Thus, 

the program complements rather than duplicates other federal funding programs, 

including Save America’s Treasures. 

SAVE AMERICA’S TREASURES

S. 2262 would provide legislative authorization for the Save America’s Treasures 

program, which was created in 1998 as a Millennium initiative. The program has 

evolved to become one of the largest and most successful sources of federal funding 

for historic preservation. Since FY 1999, 967 grants (469 earmarks and 498 competitive grants) totaling $264.5 million have been awarded. All 50 states, the District 

of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Midway Island have received grants. 

Save America’s Treasures funds preservation and/or conservation work on nationally significant intellectual and cultural artifacts, and historic structures and sites. 

Intellectual and cultural artifacts include artifacts, collections, documents, sculpture, and works of art. Historic structures and sites include historic districts, sites, 

buildings, structures, and objects. Reflecting the scope of the program, Save America’s Treasures grants have helped to conserve both the Star-Spangled Banner and 

the house in Baltimore where the flag was created, as well as the original draft of 

the national anthem it inspired. 

Federal, state, local, and tribal government entities, and non-profit organizations 

are eligible to apply for the competitive matching-grant component of the program. 

A dollar-for-dollar, non-federal match is required. The minimum grant request for 

collections projects is $25,000; the minimum grant request for historic property 

projects is $125,000. The maximum grant request for all projects is $700,000. 

First Lady Laura Bush is the Honorary Chair of Save America’s Treasures. The 

grant program is administered by the National Park Service in partnership with the 

President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities. Collaborating on the selection and oversight of the grants are the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Institute of Museum and Library 

Services. The National Trust for Historic Preservation is the program’s private partner, and its fundraising efforts help projects secure the required private match. 

Save America’s Treasures has been instrumental in helping to preserve some of 

America’s most significant historic resources. Many are associated with famous 

Americans, like the Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church in Montgomery, 

Alabama, where Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. began his quest for civil rights, and 

Thomas Edison’s letters and lab notes at the Edison National Historic Site in New 

Jersey. Others are places where uniquely important historic events occurred, from 

Boston’s Old North Church, starting point of Paul Revere’s famous ride, to the Manhattan Project Buildings in Los Alamos, New Mexico, birthplace of the atom bomb. 

Architecturally significant properties receiving grants run the gamut from ancient 

60 

sites like the cliff dwellings of Mesa Verde, to important 20th century properties like 

the Liberty Theatre in Astoria, Oregon, which is one of the best examples of a motion picture palace in the Pacific Northwest. 

CONCLUSION

For five years and 10 years, respectively, Preserve America and Save America’s 

Treasures have evolved to provide vitally needed support for the preservation and 

productive use of our nation’s heritage assets. Across the country, in communities 

large and small, these programs have a proven track record of supporting heritage 

tourism, and the rehabilitation and conservation of historic resources. We hope the 

Subcommittee will favorably consider S. 2262, which will provide the legislative authorization needed to ensure the future continuance of Preserve America and Save 

America’s Treasures. 

We appreciate the Subcommittee’s interest in these issues, and thank you for your 

consideration and the opportunity to present our views. 

STATEMENT OF PAMELA PARLAPIANO, PROFESSIONAL PHOTOGRAPHER, BROOKLYN, NY, 

ON H.R. 4529 

I have devoted 15 years of my twenty year photography career to photographing 

people all over the world affected by Hansen’s Disease/leprosy in order to help ensure that history depicts the character of people who had previously been solely defined and photographed based on their illness. 

Most people, including people who lived and continue to live in Kalaupapa, were 

taken from their families to live in exile, yet they created lives that included friends 

and family and helped one another as they faced tragedy and deep personal loss. 

A Memorial to honor these individuals and their courage is not only due the people who were forcibly sent to Kalaupapa, it is a vital part of history that our society 

needs to acknowledge and remember. 

We acknowledge places like Auschwitz and focus on issues like slavery in museums all over the world, because we hope never to repeat such situations where humanity is so compromised. We make movies about individuals who were slaves and 

individuals who made a difference in the Holocaust because it is vital that society 

acknowledge as heroes those individuals who are able to triumph over inhumanity. 

I had the honor to meet and photograph Bernard Punikai‘a, IDEA’s President for 

International Advocacy, who at the age of six was forcibly taken from his mother 

because he had leprosy. At the opening of the Quest for Dignity Exhibit at the 

United Nations in 1997, he gave the keynote speech at the dinner reception and reflected on the photograph taken of him when he entered Kalihi Hospital, prior to 

being sent to Kalaupapa. He said that he could feel the pain of this young boy and 

wanted to tell him that, yes, one day there would be dignity, but that it would take 

a lifetime for that to occur. 

Bernard has helped create affordable housing for people who are physically challenged and senior citizens. He has composed music and educated school children. 

He has gotten to know and won the respect of most of the politicians in Hawaii. 

Bernard is one of those heroes who need to be acknowledged. We owe it to him; we 

owe it to his mother. 

The story of Kalaupapa and people affected by Hansen’s Disease is full of pain, 

ignorance, kindness and heroes. No one can take back what happened to the people 

of Kalaupapa in the past, but we can make sure that the people who lived out their 

lives at Kalaupapa are not forgotten in the future. The story of Kalaupapa and the 

people who lived it must be told, must be acknowledged, and must be honored. A 

memorial with the names of all those individuals who were forced to give up so 

much, and who sadly experienced so much rejection, is a most fitting way to respect 

and honor the people of Kalaupapa and the lives they lived. 

STATEMENT OF BERNARD K. PUNIKAI‘A, ON S. 2502 

I wish to express to you today my strong support for S 2502, establishing a monument which would recognize thousands of individuals—many of them long forgotten—who have been sent to Kalaupapa over several generations. These men, women 

and children not only suffered the physical and social effects of Hansen’s Disease, 

but also the pain of enforced separation from family and friends. Their lives and 

contributions—no less than those of our beloved Father Damien and Mother 

Marianne, known and celebrated for their dedication to the people of Kalaupapa— 

deserve to be memorialized for posterity. 

61 

Diagnosed with Hansen’s Disease at the age of six, I was taken from my family 

and isolated at Kalihi Hospital. When I was eleven, I was sent with other children 

to Kalaupapa, where I lived for many years, until moving to Hale Mohalu in Pearl 

City. I am presently staying at Leahi Hospital in Kaimuki, but maintain a residence 

in Kalaupapa, to which I hope to return one day. 

My support for this bill does not come from any deep urge to see my own name 

carved in stone. Along with my contemporaries in Kalaupapa and elsewhere in the 

community, I have been fortunate to receive considerable recognition and generous 

support from friends and neighbors everywhere. Those that preceded us were not 

as fortunate. It is their names and memories that I look forward to seeing on the 

proposed monument. It is their names that will be part of the historical record left 

for future generations. 

While we are grateful for whatever the government can do, we residents of 

Kalaupapa—along with our friends and supporters—wish to do our part as private 

citizens. I, as Honorary Chair of Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa, have already made a 

monetary pledge and urge others to do the same. 

Thank you for this opportunity to offer my testimony. 

STATEMENT OF ANWEI SKINSNES LAW, M.P.H., INTERNATIONAL COORDINATOR, IDEA, 

ON S. 2502 

On January 6, 1866, J.D. Kahauliko, listed on Hawaii’s leprosy registers as #1, 

boarded the small sailing schooner Warwick, bound for a remote peninsula on the 

north shore of the island of Molokai. With him were eight men and three women— 

J.N. Loe, Liilii, Puha, Kini, Lono, Waipio, Kainana, Kaumoana, Nahuina, Lakapu 

and Kepihe, along with a few family members who refused to have their sick relatives sent off alone. They were the first of approximately 8,000 people who, over 

the next century, were separated from all they held dear—family, friends, community, and life as they knew it—because they had a disease that was deemed by some 

to be a threat to society. The isolation policies, were in stark contrast to the philosophy of the Hawaiian people, who placed love before fear and for whom separation 

from family was far worse than leprosy. 

It was January and the voyage across the rough seas of the Molokai Channel 

must have been traumatic, especially for people who were in the advanced stages 

of what was, at that time, a devastating, incurable disease. Those who made the 

trip in later years, on boats far larger than the Warwick, described high waves, constant seasickness and an overwhelming longing for home. Thus began the massive 

forced relocation of thousands of people, at least 90% of whom were Kanaka Maoli, 

native Hawaiians. The only justification for their removal from society was that 

they were believed to have leprosy. 

The history of Kalaupapa and those individuals who were isolated there provides 

powerful insights into the importance of considering the long term social implications of public health policies that will persist long after a particular medical crisis 

is over. Today, more than140 years after the first 12 people were relocated to 

Kalaupapa and 67 years after a cure was discovered for leprosy, family ties are only 

beginning to be restored and individual identities fully appreciated. 

As has been true for millions of people around the world who have contracted leprosy, the first 12 people sent to the Kalaupapa peninsula and the thousands who 

followed have been largely left out of traditional histories. It is only recently that 

an international effort has been launched to return people who have had leprosy to 

their rightful place in their own histories. The history of those individuals who were 

sent to Kalaupapa is at the forefront of this effort. 

IDEA, the International Association for Integration, Dignity and Economic Advancement, is the largest international advocacy organization and network of support for individuals whose lives have been challenged by leprosy. In 2006, IDEA was 

granted special consultative status with the Social and Economic Council of the 

United Nations. IDEA’s leadership is primarily made of up individuals who have 

themselves personally faced the challenges of leprosy, including Bernard 

Ka‘owakaokalani Punikai‘a from Hawaii, who has been a leader in promoting dignity and human rights, not only for people affected by leprosy, but for every human 

being on this earth. In 2003, IDEA launched a Global Campaign to Eliminate the 

Stigma Associated with Leprosy. Two major steps identified as necessary to eliminate the 3,000 year old stigma are Restoring People to Their Rightful Place in Their 

Own History and The Restoration of Family Ties. 

IDEA strongly supports the establishment of a Memorial at Kalaupapa, which 

will be the only one of its kind in the world, where every person taken from their 

family and sent to Kalaupapa will be duly recognized with honor and dignity as part 

62 

of Kalaupapa National Historical Park. At the same time, the Memorial will provide 

future generations with the opportunity to restore family ties that were severed, not 

by a disease, but by society’s misunderstanding of it. 

Some people who are trying to learn about their family history will come 

to find out they had relatives at Kalaupapa. If they feel at all the same way 

that we do, they will be proud that their family was part of the ‘aina, part 

of the soul of this land. 

—Bernard Ka‘owakaokalani Punikai‘a 

STATEMENT OF LAURA L. TOLLEFSON

My name is Laura L. Tollefson and I am the great granddaughter of Benjamin 

and Rose Pe‘a. Both of these people were members of a wonderful group of people 

who lived in Kalaupapa and had Hansen’s disease. 

Unfortunately I never got to know my great grandma Rose Kahalione Na‘ilau 

Pe‘a, but I did get to know my Grandpa Ben. I started writing letters to my great 

grandpa when I was 12 years old; this was also the first time that I got to meet 

him. I knew very little about the Hawaiian side of my family because my dad was 

killed in action in Vietnam in 1967, I was only 4 and a half years old. 

Therefore, when my Great Grandpa Ben came up to the topside of Moloka‘i and 

met with me my Auntie Francis Manuel and her children; William, Faye, Anne, Andrew and Jane, I couldn’t have been happier. My great grandpa told me about the 

time my dad and his dad walked down the path to Kalaupapa and surprised my 

great grandpa Ben with a visit. Grandpa Ben told me about some of his days in 

the past and some of his friends and a little bit about my great grandma Rose. 

There isn’t one negative thing he told me about his life in Kalaupapa. He was happy 

with his friends and church family. 

The next time I visited my Grandpa Ben, I went down to Kalaupapa and he was 

with his care takers, the Dru’s. He had just shown me a book that he was in called; 

Ma‘i Ho‘oka Awale and he gave it to me to keep. 

The beauty of Kalaupapa is unreal, but I also know that it holds a lot of sadness, 

and need for the grace and dignity of the people who live/and lived in this place. 

So many missionaries gave their lives to help these people, even Queen Liliuokalani 

had to go and see her people in Kalaupapa and try to help them as best she could. 

Senator Akaka, now is the time that we can finally give the people of Kalaupapa 

what they deserve, please let them be forever remembered by allowing a memorial 

Wall, such as the Vietnam wall that my father is remembered on, to be built on 

Kalaupapa. 

STATEMENT OF EMERALD K. ADAMS, ON S. 2502 

Thank you for this opportunity to testify in support of S. 2502 Kalaupapa Memorial. I support the the establishment of a memorial within Kalaupapa National Historical Park located on the island of Molokai, in the State of Hawaii,to honor and 

perpetuate the memory of those individuals who were forcibly relocated to the 

Kalaupapa Peninsula from 1866 to 1969, and for other purposes. 

STATEMENT OF CAROLINE BONNET, CLOVERDALE, CA 

Thank you for providing me with an opportunity to testify in support of the 

Kalaupapa Memorial Act. I was a nurse at Kalaupapa from 1989 until 1990. It was 

one of the most meaningful experiences in my nursing career. I felt honored to be 

able to care for the patients there, and become acquainted them and with the history of Kalaupapa. 

The peninsula is one of the most beautiful spots on earth with a rich and tragic 

history. And the people that I lived and worked with are some of the most beautiful 

people I’ve encountered in my 66 years. It is appropriate that these people be remembered by placing a memorial in their honor for all to become aware of the tragedy, struggle and hardship these people endured. 

The plan to establish a memorial at both settlements—Kalawao and Kalaupapa— 

is I think, most fitting. I feel very gratified in knowing a memorial is to be placed 

in these sacred grounds. 

Thank you very much. 

63 

STATEMENT OF DARLENE KEHAULANI BUTTS, KE ALI‘I MAKA‘AINANA HAWAIIAN CIVIC

CLUB, STAFFORD, VA 

Ke Ali‘i Maka‘ainana Hawaiian Civic Club of Washington, D.C.; one of 53 Hawaiian Civic Clubs throughout Hawai‘i, Alaska, California, Colorado, Illinois, Nevada, 

Utah, Virginia, and Washington state, co-authored the Kalaupapa Memorial Resolution presented during the 2006 Association of Hawaiian Civic Clubs convention in 

Waikiki, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. We stood squarely with Ho‘olehua Hawaiian Civic Club of 

Ho‘olehua, Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i and members of Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa as this Resolution passed unanimously in committee and on the convention floor. 

The membership of Ke Ali‘i Maka‘ainana Hawaiian Civic Club continues to stand 

in full support of the Kalaupapa Memorial. 

Mahalo for your positive action to this request from the Nakahili-Hakuole, 

English and Mokuau families; my mother’s family; of Moloka‘i. 

Mahalo Nui Loa. 

STATEMENT OF ROCHELLE DELACRUZ, EDITOR AND PUBLISHER, NORTHWEST

HAWAI‘I TIMES

I am writing in support of the Kalaupapa Memorial Act (S 2502) to remember and 

honor those 8,000 people of Hawai‘i, mostly Kanaka Maoli, suffering from Hansen’s 

Disease who were exiled to that isolated Molokai peninsula from 1866 to 1969. Most 

of them died there, buried in graves that were either unmarked or with markers 

that have long disappeared. A memorial dedicated to their value and dignity will 

help bring honorable closure to this sad episode in Hawai‘i’s history, not only for 

families directly impacted by this disease named Ma‘i Ho‘oka‘awale or the Separating Sickness, but for all of us from our beloved Islands. 

Mahalo nui loa to you Senator Akaka for all your efforts to help in the establishment of this important Monument. 

Aloha. 

STATEMENT OF TAKAYUKI HARADA

First of all, I want to express my gratitude for your willingness to introduce the 

Kalaupapa Memorial Act to the Senate. The establishment of such a monument 

honors and perpetuates the memory of each individual sent to Kalaupapa. It is vital 

to assure that we do not forget such an important part of Hawaiian history. Hansen’s disease had a devastating impact on so many families in this state. This monument will go a long way to make ‘‘pono’’ a century of wrong committed to a community of people who were diagnosed with a disease that unfairly stigmatized against 

them and everyone connected to them. 

For 13 years, I was denied the opportunity of knowing my brother because he was 

sent to Kalaupapa. In 1954, when Paul Harada was ‘‘cured’’, I was introduced to 

the brother I had never known. The subsequent days were difficult because of the 

stigma that was attached to one who was a ‘‘leprosy patient’’. We, as children, were 

not allowed to live at our home because officials of the state informed our parents 

that we could not live in the same household with him. I was a confused thirteen 

year old, told that Paul was cured but unable to live with him in the same household. 

Since that encounter, I was able to renew a relationship with a beloved brother 

and a gracious mentor. That relationship helped me to rid myself of prejudice and 

the need to judge others who were different from me. Paul died on January 4, 2008, 

in Kalaupapa. This would be fitting gesture to perpetuate the memory of his sacrifice, and of others before him who sacrificed the opportunity for a normal life, so 

that I and the rest of my family could lead and live normal lives without prejudice 

and fear. 

I urge all to support this legislation. 

STATEMENT OF ROBERT K. HUTCHISON

The Hutchison family, (my sisters, Holly, Mercy and myself), strongly supports 

the establishment of the Kalaupapa Memorial, as expressed in the Kalaupapa Memorial Act (S 2502), which passed the House of Representatives on February 12. 

Leprosy has deeply touched the Hutchison family. Our greatgrandfather, Dr Ferdinand William Hutchison, who was Minister of the Interior to Kamehameha V, was 

instrumental in the establishment and initial operation of the Kalaupapa settleVerDate Aug 31 2005 12:36 Sep 09, 2008 Jkt 043391 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\DOCS\44163.TXT SENERGY2 PsN: MONICA
64 

1Mary Kawena Pukui, ed., ‘O ̄ lelo No‘eau, Hawaiian Proverbs and Poetical Sayings, (Honolulu: 

University of Hawaii Press, 1986). 

ment. My grandfather’s brother, Ambrose K Hutchison, was an early patient. My 

grandmother’s sister, Emma K Nakuina, was also an early patient there. My father’s brother, Sabin K Hutchison, was a patient there. 

In view of the effect leprosy has had on my family and on the Hawaiian Islands, 

we strongly urge the establishment of a memorial with the names of the individuals 

sent there. The monument will be a permanent salute to all who were sent there 

for no other reason than to be afflicted with leprosy. They had committed no crime, 

but were nevertheless shunted to a life of isolation. Their separation from their 

loved ones was a heavy burden for them and their families. 

President Theodore Roosevelt understood the importance of recognizing the people 

of Kalaupapa, when he ordered the Great White Fleet, in its around the world 

cruise in 1908, to pass in sight of Kalaupapa. It is only fitting, that the US Congress, 100 years later, also salute the people of Kalaupapa by having their names 

engraved on an enduring memorial for future generations to see and touch. 

STATEMENT OF KERRI A. INGLIS, PH.D., ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT HILO, HILO, HI, ON S. 2502 

There is an ‘o ̄lelo no‘eau (Hawaiian proverb) which states: Ola ka inoa. It means 

‘‘the name lives’’ and traditionally would be said when the name of a beloved, deceased relative is given to a child.1 Creating a memorial that lists the names of all 

who were sent to Kalawao and Kalaupapa settlements, from 1865 to 1969, would 

not only honor those individuals who contracted Hansen’s disease (leprosy) and lived 

at the settlement, but it would ensure that their ‘‘names’’ (meaning their histories) 

would also live on in that ‘a ̄ina (land) and in our memories. 

I not only support the building of a memorial, dedicated to naming all the individuals who were sent to Kalawao & Kalaupapa settlements, but believe it to be both 

necessary and long over-due. When the 1865 ‘‘An Act to Prevent the Spread of Leprosy’’ was passed it facilitated the severing of family/genealogical connections in the 

Hawaiian nation. Indeed, by the 1890s the disease came to be known to most Hawaiians as ma‘i ho‘oka‘awale ‘ohana (the disease that separates families). A memorial would give families the opportunity to re-connect and re-establish those sacred 

family ties to those ancestors who had been taken from their homes and communities. 

The Kalaupapa peninsula is a sacred place. It is a land ‘‘set apart’’—for its rich 

natural history, its incredible history of early Hawaiian settlement, and its dramatic 

history as a settlement for individuals in the islands who contracted leprosy during 

the 19th and 20th centuries. It is a land that has been consecrated by the pain and 

suffering of those individuals who were displaced from their families and their communities because they had a disease. It is also a land consecrated by their great 

examples of perseverance, survival, service to one another (ko ̄kua), new formations 

of community and ‘ohana (family), and the ability to still find joy in life even in the 

face of their adversities. 

A memorial is needed—not just to mark the place of their death—but to remember Kalawao and Kalaupapa as the lands where they lived, that we might always 

remember them, and learn from the great lessons of their lives. 

I first learned about the Kalaupapa settlement some seventeen years ago and 

have been a student of its history ever since. One of my sweetest memories of 

Kalaupapa is of a day that a friend and I spent with our dear friend, Clarence Naia. 

Uncle Naia took us on a tour of the peninsula and as we traveled the road to 

Kalawao, then out to the light house, and back to Kalaupapa, he shared with us 

many of the precious memories of his life in the settlement. 

I will never forget two things he told us that day. The first was that ‘‘God made 

this place for us,... [those of us] with the sickness.’’ It was clear to my friend 

and I that Uncle Naia loved this ‘a ̄ina (his home) and his ‘ohana (extended family/ 

community) on the peninsula. The second comment I will never forget came as we 

drove past the many gravesites that line the makai (ocean) side of the road from 

the airport back to Kalaupapa. As we drove past, Uncle Naia slowed down and 

pointed to one of the many cemeteries and said ‘‘that’s where my brothers and sisters are’’. 

At first we were confused. Earlier in the day he had told us that other than his 

parents, he was the only member of his family to live at the settlement. Then he 

explained, the simple and profound truth, that all who had lived upon this peninsula were his ‘‘brothers and sisters.’’ I think Uncle Naia wanted to teach us two 

65 

things in that moment. First, that he was connected to all who had been sent there. 

Secondly, that he wanted us to connect to those who had gone before him as well, 

his ‘ohana. He was connecting the present with the past through the concept of 

‘ohana, family, and by extension genealogy (albeit metaphorical). 

That is the way that Hawaiians have always kept their history—through their 

connections to ‘ohana, their genealogy if you will, but it does not have to be a literal, 

bloodline connection. It is in the names of those who have gone before us that we 

will remember their stories, their lives, their struggles, and their triumphs. 

Ola na ̄ inoa! Let the names live! We need to build a memorial that lists their 

names, for in their names, they will live for us. Our present will be connected to 

their past and in remembering them we will remember the great lessons of their 

lives. 

STATEMENT OF KEHAULANI LUM, ON S. 2502 

Chairman Bingaman and members of the Committee, thank you for the opportunity to express my strong support for S. 2502, the Kalaupapa Memorial Act. 

S. 2502 authorizes the establishment of a memorial within Kalaupapa National 

Historical Park located on the island of Molokai, in the State of Hawaii, to honor 

and perpetuate the memory of those individuals who were forcibly relocated to the 

Kalaupapa Peninsula from 1866 to 1969. 

This vital piece of legislation is long overdue. 

As the grandniece of one of the historical park’s last remaining residents, Anakala 

Henry Nalaielua, my support for this measure is deeply personal. I am grateful to 

the bill’s sponsors, Senator Akaka and Senator Inouye, for their important leadership, and to the Committee for its genuine commitment. 

Like others before him, Uncle Henry was involuntarily sent to Kalaupapa as a 

young child, by a gross violation of fundamental human rights that today would stir 

many in our great nation to protest. That he has emerged from this experience as 

a loving person, a talented artist and author, and, by all meanings of the term, a 

productive citizen, speaks volumes of his incredible strength and human spirit. I am 

in awe of him, and I know that if you had a chance to travel to Kalaupapa and 

meet him and his fellow residents, you would be too. 

In truth, no memorial will ever restore the days, months and years that were lost 

and the countless childhood memories that were so callously denied thousands of 

individuals who were torn from their parents over a century and more. It is too late 

to turn back the time and make them whole. But, there is still time to heal the legacy of societal indifference and honor, respect and remember their sacrifices in a 

meaningful way. A memorial to those denied liberty and justice, in order to ‘‘protect 

the welfare of society,’’ is a fitting symbol of an appreciative and civilized country. 

That, through your support, it might be inspired by the vision and effort of those 

who were, themselves, once condemned, is a rare gift. 

What better way to educate and inspire present and future generations, than by 

giving voice to those who, even in our own time, were silenced? What better way 

to forgive more than a century of man’s inhumanity to man? 

I can think of several instances in which individuals and/or events have been memorialized on national park lands. I have visited Mt. Rushmore National Memorial, 

in South Dakota, where the faces of four Presidents memorialize American history. 

I have supported the American Family Immigration History Center, located in the 

Ellis Island Immigration History Museum, whose American Immigrant Wall of 

Honor stands in the shadow of the Statue of Liberty and invites descendants to 

honor their ancestors’ sacrifices by the inscription of their names. And, of course, 

just a few blocks from the site of today’s hearing, millions of tears have been shed 

along the marble wall which honors the men and women who served when their Nation called upon them. The designer of the Vietnam Memorial, Maya Lin, said that 

‘‘the politics had eclipsed the veterans, their service and their lives.’’ And, so, too, 

it seems, without this legislation, might it neglect the contributions of thousands of 

ordinary citizens who were denied their chance at the American dream, for the benefit and well-being of their countrymen and women. Until now. 

When my daughter, who is ten years old, becomes an adult, I hope that she will 

visit the Kalaupapa Memorial with her own children, and that they will be able to 

touch the names of their beloved ancestors and hear the story of how a wise group 

of leaders in Washington D.C. found a way to transform a century of fear into an 

eternity of enduring love. 

Mahalo nui loa. Thank you very much for your serious consideration. 

66 

STATEMENT OF ESTHER PUAKELA KIA‘AINA, ON H.R. 3332 AND S. 2502 

Aloha Chairman Akaka and members of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on National Parks! 

My name is Esther Puakela Kia‘aina. I am the paternal granddaughter of Joseph 

Heleluhe Kia‘aina, who was born in Kalaupapa, Moloka‘i in 1903. My grandfather 

was born to John Kia‘aina and Mary Lucas Lujan, of O‘ahu and Hawai‘i islands, 

respectfully. Both of them were exiled to the Kalaupapa peninsula, where they lived 

the rest of their lives as patients and perished. Shortly after his birth, my grandfather Joseph was taken away from his parents and raised by his grandparents (and 

my great-great-grandparents)—John and Keoki Kia‘aina—in Waikiki, O‘ahu. My 

grandfather would never know his parents. 

I only learned about my grandfather’s Kalaupapa roots in high school during an 

oral interview I conducted with him for my Hawaiian Cultural History class. When 

I asked my father why he never told me about this fact, he explained that it was 

difficult for him to bring up given the stigma that was associated with Kalaupapa. 

Because of the changing times, I, in turn, told him that I was very proud of my 

grandpa and that the story of Kalaupapa was important to share not only with our 

own family, but with others as well. 

Over the course of my adult life, including as a Congressional staffer on Capitol 

Hill, I have endeavored to support efforts that remember the people and preserve 

the legacy of Kalaupapa in any way that I could. Since there were 8,000+ individuals who perished between 1863 and 1969, the majority of them Hawaiian, many 

Hawaiian families throughout the State of Hawai‘i and elsewhere have been impacted by the tragic history of Kalaupapa and can likely trace their genealogy to 

a relative who was sent or perished there. 

Apart from my Kia‘aina roots, my paternal grandmother—Esther Puakela Ah Sa 

of Keanae, Maui—also had relatives who died in Kalaupapa. Her maternal grandfather was the Reverend Samuel K. Kamakahiki, who spent the last two years of 

his life in Kalaupapa, where he died in 1898. It is believed that his wife, Kapehe, 

may also have perished there. My great-great-grandfather was the reverend for 

Olowalu Church in Maui for nearly two decades prior to his relocation to 

Kalaupapa. 

I write in strong support of H.R. 3332/S. 2502, the Kalaupapa Memorial Act, in 

honor of my great-grandparents, my great-great-grandparents, the 8,000+ lives that 

perished in Kalaupapa, and all of those who have called Kalaupapa home at one 

point in their lives. Kalaupapa National Historical Park is special in our national 

parks system not just because of its majestic and breath taking beauty. It is special 

because of the people whose lives were impacted and Kalaupapa’s unique and cultural history. It is fitting and appropriate to establish a memorial to honor and perpetuate the memory of those who perished there. 

STATMENT OF PATIENTS OF KALAUPAPA, MOLOKAI, HI, ON H.R. 4529 

To provide for the establishment of a memorial within Kalaupapa National Historical Park located on the island of Molokai, in the State of Hawaii, to honor and perpetuate the memory of those individual who were forcibly relocated to the Kalaupapa 

Peninsula from 1866 to 1969, and for other purposes. 

On Sunday, September 24, 2006, the following statements of current and former 

patients of Kalaupapa, gave their testimony in support of a Memorial to be established within the Kalaupapa National Historical Park to Sister Alicia Damien Lau, 

OSF, Board Member for Ka‘Ohana O‘Kalaupapa. 

I am in favor of a monument in Kalaupapa. It shows a legacy of the patients from the beginning of time—it will make the world aware of what 

Kalaupapa is all about. 

Winifred Harada, patient of Kalaupapa since 1943 

We are in favor of a monument in Kalaupapa. It is part of history for 

future generations to know the sorry and the banishment of the people. 

Kalaupapa was not there to develop better treatment, but we were sent 

there to die. The future generations should know what happened. 

Nancy and Jimmy Brede, patienst of Kalaupapa since 1942 

It is good for people to remember all the patients who were there before 

us. It is just like those who went to war and had died, there are monuments with their names on it. There were thousands who were sent to 

Kalaupapa. My mother was also sent to Kalaupapa. 

67 

Peter Keola, Jr. patient of Kalaupapa since 1940, he is now 82 years 

old. 

I was sent to Kalaupapa when I was 15 years old. I am in favor of a 

monument because it is good to remember those who have suffered and 

have died in Kalaupapa. I was the only one in my family that was sent to 

Kalaupapa. No one else in my family had the disease. That was in 1941. 

Shoichi Hamai, patient of Kalaupapa since 1941 

I support the bill to have a monument at Kalaupapa with the patients’ 

names. It is just an honorable thing to do. It is what the patients want. 

It is to honor the patients who were sent to Kalaupapa. 

Bernard Punikai‘a, patient of Kalaupapa since 1942. 

Yes, the State of Hawaii should put up a monument for the patients of 

Kalaupapa. The State of Hawaii should thank all those people that were 

sent to Kalaupapa for giving up all that they had—they gave up everything: 

their families, their belongings, etc. to be isolated and to keep the disease 

from spreading. If we were not segregated, the composite of the people 

would be so very different. . . . the people (of Kalaupapa) died for them 

(the State). 

Paul Harada, patient of Kalaupapa since 1943. 

Audio Tape Testimony 

My name is Henry Nalaielua and I am in support of the bill that is now going 

around asking for reasons as to why we establish the memorial. One of the reasons 

why I am in support of this memorial is that fact, I believe that the National Park, 

even though we have had many reasons, as many times have we have mentioned 

over and over, is that we did not want the grave sites (stones) removed or sacrificed 

for something else. I think that the future of the National Park, did have or will 

have a reason to probably remove all of the grave (stones) not because they want 

to, but because of deterioration or because of the grave sites falling into grave conditions that they need to be repaired or set forth into its original position. I think 

these things will be costing the National Parks people a lot of money and to again 

to begin the process of putting it back to its original site. Where as if a Memorial 

was built, there will be no need for this worrying about happening to the graves 

(stones), because the Memorial will set forth the names and dates and times of each 

individual making it known that that memorial will stand now and the rest for the 

rest of the years that the National Park is there and I believe that the Memorial 

will be a place that people could go to and go to and just by looking at the list they 

find a relatives or friends they knew and I think for me it would be a cherished 

memory to have a monument that tells the people this is that we wanted and this 

is what they have. I believe too, that if it is an effort for people in Congress to think 

about this idea. All they have to do is to ask Senators there, like Senator Inouye 

and several others who visited the settlement. Of course that the condition of the 

graves, they are not bad as they were, but still there are graves that are unrecognizable and have caved and we are losing the identity of those who are buried in that 

particular spot. And I support this bill very much and it needs to be acted upon 

and I support the idea of the memorial that will commemorate the death of those 

who passed away years and years ago. One of the important things, I think, in the 

memorials would be that still today, people want to find out if they had relatives 

or not and the memorial is one way, I think, to make it easer rather than going 

to all the different areas and the grave sties just to look for a name. On the Memorial, you will find the name because the intention is to put every person’s name 

whether they were here when the old timers came or after they came. And it’s possible that every person who had ever lived there, whether short time or long time, 

their name will be on this Memorial and once it is there, I don’t think it can be 

forgotten. And if you want to find a name all you have to do is to go to whatever 

source that we have to get the information. 

Henry Nalaielua, patient of Kalaupapa since 1941. 

Audio Tape Testimony 

Aloha, my name is Kuulei Bell. I would like to talk about the Kalaupapa Memorial. H.R. 4529. This is so important for the people and the patients who live in 

Kalaupapa from the 1800s until the present time; because of my family relations 

who went to Kalaupapa and died there. My parent was a patient in Kalaupapa, my 

grandfather and my father’s twin sisters and many more. I never knew my dad 

until I became a patient, and found out about him. I feel that the memorial monument will let our family know, especially my children, and my great-grandchildren 

about me and about their family—their grandparents—their grandfathers who were 

68 

there. And most of all the patients all had families there. We need to remember the 

people who have dedicated their lives and came to Kalaupapa, Father Damien who 

we love so much, came and came to take care of all those in Kalawao in the 1800’s 

and he became one of us—contracted the disease, and so we know how this is. And 

also we know that Mother Marianne gave her aloha and love with all the nuns to 

come and take care of the patients—they need to be remembered. These things are 

so important and the monument is a big part of our history and our lives. So please 

consider what we are asking for our history and for our children to know what happened to manyof our patients. How sad it was for my mother who had to wait for 

me to go and she could not even touch me because of the disease. And I could not 

even touch my children. These are the things that we should consider how important it is. These are the memories so please consider these things; I say these things 

from my heart and I hope that you hear it. Thank you for listening to this. Aloha 

and much aloha; much, much mahalo. 

Kuulei Bell, patient of Kalaupapa; she contracted the disease at the age of 6. 

The words are the words of the patients of Kalaupapa. I (Sister Alicia Damien 

Lau) have recorded them with their permission as their testimony for Bill H.R. 

4529. 

STATEMENT OF KATHERINE LOCKHART

I hope my testimony helps in getting the memorial approved. 

I remember when I was young (under 10). My parents use to frequently fly to 

Kalaupapa to visit my grandfather ( Leon Nono ). They use to fly almost every 

month. I was much to young to know what kind of illness my grandfather & so I 

never saw him until I was old enough to go to Kalaupapa. He use to come to Hawaii 

occasional for the doctors, but most times stayed in Hale Mohalu, never at my parents home. Before I went to Kalaupapa, I use to talk to my grandfather on the 

phone. He use to tell me stories of fishing and what it was like when he was sent 

to the settlement. (how and when he went). The funny thing about him was that 

even though his eyesight was’nt to good he always knew where the phone was. 

When I finally was old enough to go to Kalaupapa, we went almost as frequently 

as my parents did. We had so much fun there and the patients were wonderful. We 

would go and drive his car (no registration needed) and go all over the settlement 

to see deer and Kalawao to see the scenery. I took several of my friends and they 

just could not stopping on how much fun they had there as well. I felt no shame 

that my grandfather had leprosy, to me he was just as normal as you & I. When 

I was there, I had long talks with him & always tried not to slam the door. Boy 

was he was a stickler for that, but we always tried not to slam the door. We would 

never here the end of it if we did. My grandfather lived a long time and he had 

a good life. I will love him and keep him in my heart forever. Actually I received 

a picture from one of the nurses there (i don’t know who) but the envelope said. 

‘‘I think this is nono’s granddaughter’’. I took that picture and made copies for all 

my sisters and brothers and gave it to them one Christmas. That pictures sits on 

my shelf and there it will stay. Everytime I look at that picture, I miss him, but 

I know that he is in my heart always. I hope that they will put up a monument 

in honor of my grandfather and the countless patients that went to the settlement. 

Thank you for letting write this testimony. I will be following the outcome via the 

computer, for I now live in the mainland. 

STATEMENT OF HENRY AND NANCY MAHI

Please convey our appreciation and support to Senator Akaka for introducing this 

bill. Our great-grandfather was a patient at Kalaupapa, and our grandfather was 

born there. He was hanai‘d to a topside Moloka‘i family, but never talked about his 

early life. It has been most difficult to trace the family history, particularly when 

attempting to deal with state agencies. We have gotten nowhere. I am hoping that 

the Kalaupapa Memorial Act will not only honor the many who died on that peninsula, but will help many of their descendants find their roots. 

James Johnson of the National Park Service at Kalaupapa has been wonderful 

in helping me try to find information about our grandfather. He should be cloned. 

Thank you. 

69 

STATEMENT OF VALERIE MONSON, MAKAWAO, HI, ON S. 2502 AND H.R. 3332 

I am writing in support of S 2502 and HR 3332, The Kalaupapa Memorial Act, 

which would authorize the establishment on a monument on the Kalaupapa peninsula to remember and honor the people of Hawaii who were taken from their families and relocated because they had leprosy. 

Although I am secretary of Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa, I am submitting this testimony on my own behalf. 

A monument at Kalaupapa has been discussed for more than 20 years. People 

have often talked about erecting something ‘‘like the Vietnam Wall’’ that would list 

all the names of everyone sent to Kalaupapa. While a massive structure like a huge 

wall might not fit with the Hawaiian landscape, it was clear that many people 

wanted to be remembered by their individual identities. They also wanted to make 

sure that the names of those people who were sent to Kalaupapa in earlier times 

would be remembered—most of these individuals are known only in records in Honolulu or elsewhere that can sometimes be hard to access. 

As a reporter, I first began visiting Kalaupapa in 1989. I still recall being driven 

to the site of the original settlement at Kalawao, three miles on the other side of 

the peninsula from Kalaupapa, during that first visit. The Park Service officials who 

were giving the tour told us the stories of Father Damien de Veuster, Mother 

Marianne Cope and Brother Joseph Dutton, but there was no mention of any of the 

thousands of Hawaiians who had been sent there. I wanted to know who those people were and what happened to them. I wanted to know their names and their stories. 

After that initial visit, I began reading more about Kalaupapa and learned that, 

at one point, Father Damien estimated there were at least 2,000 people buried in 

the vicinity of St. Philomena Church at Kalawao. Today, you would never know that 

because there are only a handful of graves of those early residents and very few 

that are identified. Most of the tombstones or wooden crosses have been lost to neglect or the elements. Because of the harsh conditions of those early years, many 

residents probably never had a grave marker at all. A monument would be the first 

step in bringing people back to their rightful place in Hawaii’s history and to their 

family genealogies Descendents would have a place to find closure, healing and 

pride. 

After listening to the community during many discussions about this project, it 

was decided to build the monument in two parts. The first phase would list the 

names of the first 5,000 people who were sent to Kalaupapa from 1866 to 1896. We 

believe that most of these individuals lived at Kalawao—as did Father Damien— 

and most of them are now buried in unmarked graves. It would seem only appropriate that at least the first phase of the monument be constructed at Kalawao 

where they lived and died beneath the towering cliffs. It is because of these thousands of people—those who were sent to the peninsula with no choice and those who 

went to serve, such as Father Damien—that Kalawao has become one of the most 

spiritual places in Hawaii. 

The second phase of the monument will be developed at a later time, when the 

names become available to the public domain. Once the first phase of the monument 

has been completed, the community, family members and supports will have a better idea of how and where the second phase should be located. 

Since my first visit to Kalaupapa, I have written numerous articles about the 

community, including profiles of many of the residents who generously shared their 

stories, posed for photographs and wanted their names used, like anyone else featured in newspapers. They often talked about their friends who had already died, 

but who they also want to be remembered. Over my 30-year career in journalism, 

I have found the people of Kalaupapa to be among the finest individuals I have ever 

interviewed. My only regret is that I didn’t come to Hawaii earlier so I could have 

known many of those people who had died by the time I started visiting. 

Please approve S 2502 and HR 3332 so Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa can begin the 

work to make this monument a reality. The great people of Kalaupapa and their 

families deserve nothing less. 

STATEMENT OF GINI MOORE

As a member of the Ke Ali‘i Maka‘ainana Hawaiian Civic Club, I encourage you 

to vote favorably for S. 2502, to establish a memorial at Kalaupapa to honor the 

memories of those forced to move there. 

Mahalo. 

70 

STATEMENT OF LORNA NONO, ON S. 2502 AND H.R. 3332 

Chairperson Bingaman, Ranking Member Pete Domenici and Members of the Senate Subcommittee on National Parks. 

Thank you for this opportunity to testify in support of the Kalaupapa Memorial 

Act, introduced as S. 2502 and H.R. 3332. 

Kalaupapa and its history are a huge part of who I am and what I’ve become. 

The people, all of whom I consider family, has in one way or another impacted my 

life, especially the one that is my grandfather. I am who I am because of him, but 

it did take some time for me to truly appreciate what a special man he was; how 

knowledgeable he was; how funny he was; but most of all, how generous he was. 

I was grateful to have spent the years that I did with him at his home in 

Kalauapapa, taking care of him, listening to all of his stories, and seeing how much 

he cared for his family. My grandfather’s family spans thousands of miles, and although I have been graced with his love, many of his other grandchildren had not, 

and it is my duty to pass on his story and to honor him by supporting this monument. 

Thank you for this opportunity to submit my testimony in support of the 

Kalaupapa Memorial Act. Please vote yes and support S. 2502 and H.R. 3332. 

STATEMENT OF PAULINE PUAHALA HESS, ON S. 2502 

I am in strong support of The Kalaupapa Memorial Act, S 2502, as a family member and as a board member of Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa. 

As a board member, this monument will help us achieve one of the goals of Ka 

‘Ohana O Kalaupapa... ’’to promote value and dignity to every individual exiled 

to Kalaupapa since 1866’’. In the four years that I have served on the monument 

committee, the monument has always been a priority in the minds and hearts of 

all in Kalaupapa. 

The monument to me is about uplifting and honoring these human beings who 

lived and survived under extraordinary circumstances. They are people who gave up 

their rights for the rights of others. So much of the written history of Kalawao and 

Kalaupapa has been about leprosy and the people who contracted the disease. 

As a family member, I want visitors to this monument to remember these individuals as someone’s parents, grandparents, sisters, brothers, uncles, aunties, cousins, 

friends and neighbors. My parents, uncles and aunties are among them. 

Today, my mother is the only family survivor in Kalaupapa. At age 80, she continues to serve as an active community member and as an international human 

rights activist. I want to see the names of my mother, father, my uncles and 

aunties, and the names of all who were sent there on this monument, to serve as 

an inspiration to those who come to Kalaupapa. 

Please help us ‘‘to bring value and dignity to every individual exiled to Kalaupapa 

since 1866’’. 

STATEMENT OF DONALD W. REESER, MAKAWAO, HI, ON S. 2502 

In memory of my late wife, Henrietta Weber Reeser, I strongly support SB 2502 

which will provide funding to assist in the establishment of a memorial at Kalawao 

or Kalaupapa within the boundaries of Kalaupapa National Historical Park on the 

island of Molokai, Hawai‘i. She served on the Monument Committee of Ka ‘Ohana 

O Kalaupapa at the time of her death in July 2007. 

Her great-grandmother, Rosine Weber, was forcibly relocated to Kalaupapa in 

1911 and died there in 1917. Many of the grave markers of the Hansen disease victims have either deteriorated or were destroyed by a tsunami. In any case, except 

for a few documents preserved by the Hawai‘i Department of Health, there is no 

longer any on-site evidence that she ever resided and was buried there. S2502 will 

help establish an appropriate memorial be established to honor and perpetuate the 

memory her great-grandmother and others, dishonored and separated from their 

families, who died in Kalaupapa. 

Thank you for this opportunity to testify. 

STATEMENT OF REV. DR. LON A. RYCRAFT, CORVALLIS, OR, ON S. 2502 

I am writing to you to request your support of The Kalaupapa Memorial Act (S 

2502). My wife, Ellen, and I served as the pastors of the members and friends of 

71 

Kana‘ana Hou—Siloama United Church of Christ in Kalaupapa from 1994 until 

2005, and we are members of Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa. 

The importance of the creation of a monument assures we will never forget the 

names and the lives of those children, women and men, who were exiled to the 

Kalaupapa peninsula to die. I believe this to be a critical element in Kalaupapa National Historical Park’s interpretive mission. 

Most importantly, the memorial will provide family members, relatives and visitors the opportunity to make a direct connection with an essential part of the history of the Kalaupapa peninsula, and I believe this is ultimately the goal of 

Kalaupapa National Historical Park. 

Thank you for your important work, continued support of the people and friends 

of Kalaupapa and your appreciation of the important history of the Kalaupapa peninsula. 

Aloha pumehana. 

SISTERS OF ST. FRANCIS, 

Honolulu, HI, April 13, 2008. 

Hon. JEFF BINGAMAN, 

Chairman, Energy and Natural Resources Committee, 304 Dirksen Senate Office 

Building, Washington, DC. 

DEAR SENATOR BINGAMAN: This year, the Sisters of St. Francis are celebrating 

125th Anniversary of the arrival of Mother Marianne Cope and the Sisters of St. 

Francis in Hawaii, as response to pleas from King Kalaukaua and Queen Kapiolani 

to care for the women and children at the Kakaako Branch Hospital and later at 

Bishop Home in Kalaupapa. Presently, the Sisters of St. Francis continues the work 

that Mother Marianne Cope started in the areas of healthcare, education, and social 

ministries. There were approximately 56 Sisters who worked in Kalaupapa (and one 

Sister is still assigned there) who cared for, listened to their pain and resentment, 

and their disappointments and fears. 

As a Sister of St. Francis, I have been visiting and helping the patients of 

Kalaupapa, on the island of Moloka‘i since the mid 1960’s and during my monthly 

visits, I have had the opportunity to develop close relationships with many of the 

patients. In speaking with them, they have expressed the desire to have a Monument in Kalaupapa. One of the patient felt this is a way for those 8000 patients 

to be remembered and not to be forgotten. With its surging restless sea and its steep 

sloping cliffs, Kalaupapa was a confinement for the 8,000 patients who were taken 

from their families, in shame and disgrace. Many of the earlier patients have no 

grave site and many of the earlier patients died without having their families with 

them. 

I strongly support the idea of a Memorial at Kalaupapa, which will greatly aid 

the National Park’s mandate of preserving Kalaupapa’s history for the education 

and inspiration of present and future generations. The Memorial is clearly the wish 

for the remaining patients and so for many of those who have passed away and 

would like their history and the history of all who came before them to be remembered. 

Mahalo for your willingness to introduce the Kalaupapa Memorial Act to the Senate. The establishment of such a monument will honor and will help to perpetuate 

the memory of each individual sent to Kalaupapa. We have a responsibility to these 

individuals to remember the sacrifices they made. 

I thank everyone, in advance, for their support on this important bill. 

Mahalo piha, 

SISTER ALICIA DAMIEN LAU. 

STATEMENT OF ELLEN CHRISTINE STORM

From 1993 until 2005; my husband and I lived and worked in Kalaupapa. He was 

the pastor of Kanaana Hou and Siloama; the Hawaiian Protestant churches. I managed the arts and craft shop in the settlement, worked as a nursing assistant at 

the Kalaupapa hospital, worked for nine years as Postmaster Relief at the 

Kalaupapa Post Office, helped host work groups who came from other islands, and 

travelled a number of times to accompany some of the patients to the mainland in 

order for them to attend international events sponsored by IDEA (The International 

Association for Integration, Dignity and Economic Advancement for people with 

Hansen’s Disease.) 

My husband and I were also part of the original group who started Ka ‘Ohana 

O Kalaupapa. The friendships that I made with the people who grew up in 

72 

1 National Academy of Public Administration, ‘‘Back to the Future: A Review of the National 

Historic Preservation Program,’’ Washington, DC, 2007; Office of Management and Budget, Program Assessment Rating Tool audit of the Historic Preservation Fund Programs, 2003. 

Kalaupapa are not only precious to me, but continue to touch me, teach me, amaze 

me. Sharing themselves through their stories has been part of the healing. The 

thousands of people who suffered and died in Kalawao and Kalaupapa are all part 

of their ‘ohana and ours as well. 

It is mandatory that there be a monument, a memorial created as a permanent 

remembrance for all the people who lived and died there. It is absolutely critical 

that there be such a monument where families can come and experience a place of 

healing. It is unthinkable that these people who suffered so deeply not be recognized. 

Creating a memorial to the thousands who have died will serve as a gift: a completion of the circle. Friends and family, strangers and those not yet born must 

know the complete story and the names remembered. Thank you, Senator Akaka, 

for giving me a chance to share my feelings. Thank you also for the work that you 

are doing on behalf of the people of Kalaupapa. 

STATEMENT OF JAY D. VOGT, PRESIDENT, NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STATE HISTORIC

PRESERVATION OFFICERS, ON S. 2262 

The National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers (NCSHPO) appreciates the opportunity to submit this statement for the record on the Preserve America and Save Americas Treasures Act. NCSHPO is the professional association of 

the State government officials who carry out the national historic preservation program as delegates of the Secretary of Interior pursuant to the National Historic 

Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA). The NCSHPO acts as a communications vehicle 

among the State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPOs) and their staffs and represents the SHPOs with Congress, federal agencies and national preservation organizations. 

NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM

In 1966 Congress recognized the importance of preserving our past by passing the 

National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA 16 USC 470), which established today’s 

Historic Preservation Program. The NHPA created and directs State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPOs) to carry out the federal preservation program: 1) Locate 

and record historic resources; 2) Nominate significant historic resources to the National Register of Historic Places; 3) Foster historic preservation programs at the 

local government level and the creation of preservation ordinances; 4) Provide funds 

for preservation activities (including bricks and motor repairs); 5) Comment on federal preservation tax projects; 6) Create and update State Historic Preservation 

plans 7) Review all federal projects for their impact on historic properties; and 8) 

Provide technical assistance to federal agencies, state and local governments and 

the private sector. 

NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM FUNDING

The National Conference has supported and continues to support increased funding for the country’s national Historic Preservation Fund (HPF) and other historic 

preservation programs. In 1981, the states (SHPOs) funding through the HPF was 

cut 70% and to date, the states still struggle to reach the $47 million level received 

in 1980. 

NCSHPO would specifically like to thank the Subcommittee Chairman as well as 

Senators Landrieu, Menendez, Lincoln, and Sanders for signing onto the fiscal year 

2009 letter supporting $50 million for State Historic Preservation Offices and for increasing funds for Tribal Historic Preservation Offices, Save Americas Treasures, 

and Preserve America. 

In order to ensure the continued integrity of the National Historic Preservation 

Act, the National Conference appreciates that S.2262 clarifies that the programs 

contained in the legislation would not be funded from the Historic Preservation 

Fund (16 USC 470h) in conformance with the eligibility language (16 USC 470a— 

Section 101(e)). 

CONSIDERATION OF EXISTING HISTORIC PRESERVATION INFRASTRUCTURE

The National Conference believes a fulsome consideration of the long-standing, 

successful1 structure of the national historic preservation program is merited prior 

73 

to enacting major changes in service delivery envisioned in this bill. The current authorized historic preservation programs operate as a federal-state partnership and 

were created so that States play a key role in the implementation and delivery of 

our country’s historic preservation programs. NCSHPO is concerned that the proposed legislation greatly reduces the States role. 

TECHNICAL CONCERNS OF PROPOSED LEGISLATION

Finally, NCSHPO has several technical concerns. As we have seen from numerous 

other federal programs, when dual federal agencies become involved, problems tend 

to arise. Additionally, NCSHPO is concerned over the inclusion of grant criteria in 

federal legislation. Over time the appropriateness of the eligible projects may 

change and rather than having Congress amend statute, the Secretary should be 

given the authority to create the criteria. 

CONCLUSION

The national historic preservation program is an outstanding example of federalism with the National Historic Preservation Act setting the policy and the 

states—through the SHPOs—administering the program which has flourished for 

the past 42 years. NCSHPO supports the activities carried out through Preserve 

America and Save Americas Treasures and supports a more effective partnership 

with the states. 

Thank You. 

STATEMENT OF ANNE MAHEALANI APO, KAILUA, HI, ON S. 2502 AND H.R. 3332 

I would like to thank you and the committee for the opportunity to share my testimony in support of the Kalaupapa Memorial Act of 2007. 

My name is Anne Mahealani Apo, born of Hawaiian ancestry a descendant of the 

Unea family of Puna and Apana family of Hilo on my maternal grandmother’s side. 

Looking back at my youth, I remember the story my mother told me of her grandfather who left home in 1893 to live out the rest of his days in Kalaupapa to be 

with his son who had contracted Hansen’s disease. An unconditional testament of 

a parent’s love for his child. 

At the time, I never really understood the significance of Kalaupapa until it became the missing pieces of the puzzle of my family tree. 

After connecting with Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa in October 2007, the organization 

provided me with information of my great grandfather and other family members 

that had been exiled to the remote peninsula. 

My great grandfather held a position as the store manager responsible for stocking necessary supplies and items of choice for the Kalaupapa Settlement. He also 

recorded the first census in 1900. 

During my research at the State Archives I discovered numerous letters written 

by my great grandfather to the Board of Health dating back to 1898. I had also 

found information of members of the Unea and Apana family that confirmed the information I received from Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa. The missing pieces of the puzzle 

started to fit. 

During my visit to Kalaupapa in 2007, I was blessed with the opportunity to visit 

my great grandfather’s wife’s grave, an unexpected surprise that I cherish dearly. 

For all undiscovered and missing family members of Kalaupapa Settlement a sincere acknowledgment is long overdue. A monumental token as a memorial of names, 

set in stone, is but a small gesture we as a society can do for the unfortunate of 

such a deadly disease. 

Kalaupapa holds a lifetime of treasures of untold stories of human struggle and 

broken spirits battling to overcome the physical and emotional barriers scarred by 

impurity. Life of family, friends and home as they knew it was gone forever. 

I support the Kalaupapa Memorial Act of 2007 to provide for an establishment 

of a memorial to honor and perpetuate the lives and memory of those of Hansen’s 

disease that were forcibly exiled to Kalaupapa. Thank you for your time and consideration. 

74 

STATE OF HAWAI‘I, 

OFFICE OF HAWAIIAN AFFAIRS, 

Honolulu, HI, April 10, 2008. 

Hon. JEFF BINGAMAN, 

Chairman, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 304 Dirksen Senate 

Office Building, Washington, DC. 

Re: Support of S. 2502/H.R. 3332, to provide for the establishment of a memorial 

within Kalaupapa National Historical Park located on the island of Moloka‘i, in the 

State of Hawai‘i, to honor and perpetuate the memory of those individuals who were 

forcibly relocated to the Kalaupapa Peninsula from 1866 to 1969, and for other purposes. 

Mahalo nui loa (thank you very much) for the opportunity to present the views 

of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs on S. 2502/H.R. 3332, in support of establishment 

of a Kalaupapa memorial at Kalaupapa National Historical Park. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) is established through the Hawai‘i State Constitution to work 

toward the betterment of Hawai‘i’s indigenous people, Native Hawaiians. OHA’ s 

policy-makers are nine trustees elected by the voters of Hawai‘i. OHA strongly supports the passage of this bill, and future legislation to honor those individuals forcibly relocated to Kalaupapa. This Kalaupapa memorial measure will, if passed, provide for the establishment of a memorial within Kalaupapa Historical Park to honor 

and perpetuate the memory of those individuals who were forcibly relocated to the 

Kalaupapa Peninsula from 1866 to 1969. Most people know little about the hundred-plus year policy of forced relocation that tore those afflicted with Hansen’s disease, once called leprosy, from their land, lives, and loves, and isolated them between the steep valley cliffs and roaring waves of the Kalaupapa Peninsula. This 

practice began with the Kingdom of Hawai‘i, and was continued by every form of 

government since, including the State of Hawai‘i. Today, the area is a National Historic Park, which serves in part to preserve the memories and teach the stories of 

the past. We believe that the next step in education and preservation should be the 

establishment of a memorial honoring, in an appropriate manner, by name, the 

eight thousand-plus forcibly relocated individuals who made their lives in 

Kalaupapa. We believe that they should be remembered as individuals first and 

foremost, and that this memorial will accomplish that while fitting into the larger 

purpose of the Kalaupapa National Historic Park. It will also respect the consensus 

among the Kalaupapa community, and has the strong support of Ka ‘Ohana O 

Kalaupapa, a non-profit organization consisting of patient residents at Kalaupapa, 

as well as family and friends. 

From 1869 to 1969, more than eight thousand people of Hawai‘i, an estimated 

ninety percent of whom were Native Hawaiian, were taken from their homes and 

isolated from society, under policy that defined them solely by their illness. These 

people were also husbands, wives, sons, daughters, grandparents, friends, and 

neighbors with hopes and dreams of their own. Today there are ‘ohana (family) of 

Hawaiians from every corner of the state. Whether they have passed or remain with 

us, it is right that we remember them as individuals, and honor them as members 

of our extended family. Please vote in favor of passage of S. 2502/H.R. 3332. Mahalo 

(Thank you) for this opportunity to submit a letter of support. 

S. HAUNANI APOLIONA, MSW, 

Chairperson, Board of Trustees. 

STATE OF HAWAII, 

EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS, 

Honolulu, HI, April 9, 2008. 

Hon. JEFF BINGAMAN, 

Chairman, Energy and Natural Resources Committee, 304 Dirksen Senate Office 

Building, Washington, DC. 

DEAR SENATOR BINGAMAN: I am writing on behalf of the people of Hawaii urging 

your favorable consideration of S. 2502 and H.R. 3332, the Kalaupapa Memorial Act. 

This bill authorizes the establishment of a suitable memorial within the boundaries of Kalaupapa National Historical Park. The Park was created to perpetuate 

the memory and lives of those individuals who were relocated to the Kalaupapa Peninsula between 1866 and 1969. I believe it is fitting and proper that we ask for 

a memorial so that future generations may see and understand the significance of 

this portion of our shared history within the State of Hawaii and the United States. 

Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa is a group that has made the establishment of a monument one of its priorities. I fully support their efforts and believe they will provide 

75 

the spiritual and cultural guidance needed to ensure that the memorial is consistent 

with the objectives and purposes of the Kalaupapa National Historical Park. 

Thank you for giving me an opportunity to express my support and the support 

of the people of Hawaii for this undertaking. 

Sincerely, 

LINDA LINGLE, 

Governor. 

STATEMENT OF CHRIS MAHELONA, VALLEYFORD, WA, AND DAVID MAHELONA, 

SPOKANE VALLEY, WA 

I am writing today, on behalf of myself and my father, in support of the 

Kalaupapa Memorial Act of 2007. 

Up until 1969 when the isolation law abolished, the isolation policy for Hansen’s 

disease (leprosy) patients resulted in a major disruption of family life where children were taken from their parents, parents taken from their children and husbands and wives were separated regardless of their vows ‘‘for better or for worse, 

in sickness and in health’’. As a result of this inequitable severance, this disease 

was called by some, ‘‘Ma‘i Ho‘oka‘awale’’—The Separating Sickness. 

We have many members of our family who had Hansen’s disease including my 

grandfather, his brother and their father. 

My grandfather, David Keli‘ikaina Mahelona, was a successful native Hawaiian 

businessman in Na ̈na ̈kuli, Hawai‘i where he built the Homestead Theater and 

Na ̈na ̈kuli Store in the 1930s. David was also the postmaster in Na ̈na ̈kuli i as well 

as an ‘ukulele builder. After being diagnosed with Hansen’s disease in 1947, he was 

deported to Kalaupapa. Following the development of Sulfone drugs for treatment 

of the disease in1949, patients were allowed to leave Kalaupapa to be closer to 

friends and family. My grandfather chose to move to the Hale Mohalu hospital in 

Pearl City. After my grandfather contracted the disease, his wife Rebecca, was left 

to raise 4 kids and run the family businesses on her own. 

I remember as a child, that when visiting him at Hale Mohalu, I could only see 

him through a fence as the rules did not allow for physical contact. I didn’t understand, I thought I was supposed to be able to sit on my grandfather’s lap, have him 

tell me stories and feed me candy. That would not be the case and my relationship 

with my grandfather left much to be desired. 

His brother, Jonah Kinilaulehua Napela Mahelona, was sent to Kalaupapa in 

1933 and stayed until the early 1950s. Jonah was the sheriff at Kalaupapa as well 

as a LDS church leader. Jonah was taken away from his wife and 5 kids and had 

worked for the Kahului railroad before he was deported. 

My great grandfather, Stephen Mahelona Napela was at Kalaupapa from 1905 to 

1912. Not only was Stephen unwillingly physically separated from his wife and 4 

kids in Wailuku, Stephen’s wife eventually divorced him and remarried because of 

the disease. Hansen’s disease was grounds for divorce back then. 

Stephen, who was listed as ‘‘Inmate’’ 487 in state archive documents, is shown 

below with a group of his fellow patients and Brother Dutton in 1905. 

Unlike my grandfather and his brother, who are buried in Pearl City, my great 

grandfather is buried somewhere on the Kalaupapa peninsula. My father and I have 

been to Kalaupapa 4 times looking for Stephen’s grave, but so far have come up 

empty-handed. 

To date, we have identified 38 people, who we think are family members, who 

were banished to Kalaupapa through no choice of their own. We found this information through extensive research at the Hawai‘i state archives in the Kalaupapa/ 

Kalawao Record of Inmates and Persons Apprehended & Examined, as well as Patient Records, census documents and death certificates. We know of fourteen of 

them who buried there. We have yet to find any of their graves either. 

The National Park Service has been able to identify 1,300 people through the 

names listed on headstones. Many of the existing headstones like this one, are in 

poor condition and will soon be lost forever to time. 

The other 6,700 people buried on the Kalaupapa peninsula, were not fortunate 

enough to have a headstone and if they did at one point in time, it is gone now. 

The only way anyone would know they were even buried there, would be to search 

for clues like we did. 

Most gravesites look like this barren field overgrown with trees. This field is actually the Kahaloko Cemetery which was used to bury hundreds, if not thousands, of 

Hansen’s patients between 1887 and 1920. As my grandfather Stephen died there 

in 1912, he may very well be buried here, although we will probably never find out 

76 

where. We left flowers for Stephen’s grave by one of these trees as we had no other 

place to leave them. 

Historical records suggest that this field next to Father Damien’s church in 

Kalawao is the final resting place for thousands of former patients. 

The naming process and the giving of a Hawaiian name is an important and sacred component of traditional Hawaiian culture. It is said names carry significant 

mana (spiritual power) and they are actually a part of the person, just like an arm 

or a leg. In ancient Hawai‘i, a person’s name was one of his most precious possessions unique to the individual and most times, related to an event, an ancestor, or 

a personality trait. In every case, the kupuna (elders) were always consulted. It was 

the responsibility of the bearer of the name to carry its weight. Therefore, it is important to remember these people by their names at their final resting place. 

The patient’s desire for the Monument and the importance of remembering each 

former patient by name can be summarized by the two quotes below: 

You have to hear the voices to feel the people. You have to know their 

names. If you don’t say the names, it’s like something has been lost. 

Bernard K. Punihai‘a, 76 (sent to Kalaupapa in 1942). 

I want to see a monument honoring the people of Kalaupapa before I die. 

I want to see all their names. These people are my friends—even though 

many of them died before I came here and I didn’t know them personally, 

in spirit we are all together. I know their hearts and souls. 

Olivia Breitha, 90 (sadly Olivia passed away in September 2007). 

My father and I are members of the Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa. 

One of the goals of the ‘Ohana has been to construct a Memorial with the names 

of the 8,000 people sent to the Peninsula. These unfortunate souls weren’t just patients or inmates, they like my family, were human beings, with families that loved 

them, friends that socialized with them, jobs they went to daily and contributors to 

society. A Memorial to recognize all who were sent to Kalaupapa would be a great 

tribute to them. 

It is Important to remember that we as a society learn from our past mistakes 

in the way we treat our fellow human beings. We don’t always need to treat those 

that need caring and compassion as outcasts because of our own fear and misunderstanding. 

My father and I urge members of the Subcommittee on National Parks Historic 

Preservation and Recreation, to support Kalaupapa Memorial. With completion of 

this project, we hope to fill in the many gaps in our Mahelona Relatives list (enclosed). 

The Memorial would be the second best place for us to leave flowers for Stephen 

and the rest of our family buried on the Kalaupapa Peninsula. Unfortunately the 

best place will never be found. 

77 

STATEMENT OF CYNTHIA K.L. REZENTES, WAI‘ ANAE, HI, ON S. 2502 

You have received the statistics of how many patients over one hundred years 

were sent to Kalaupapa with Hansen’s disease. 

I had the privilege of attending a meeting of the Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa in October, 2007. It was the first time I visited the County of Kalawao, the isolated and 

wild peninsula which was designated to separate those with Hansen’s disease from 

their friends and families. 

I heard the stories of hardships experienced from the remaining patients and 

their families. 

I heard the story of a daughter who was separated at birth from her mother and 

father and sent away to live with others because it was not allowed to have children 

who did not have the disease to remain on the peninsula. Today, over forty years 

later, mother and daughter are reunited but are still going through the difficult 

process of coming to terms with the separation. 


Mahelona.eps
78 

Imagine that scene repeated hundreds of times over the hundred-plus years of the 

policy of separating patients from their families. Imagine a child with the disease 

being torn from their parents and sent alone to Kalaupapa and having to survive, 

much less thrive in those harsh conditions. 

The story has been told many times over of the good works of Father Damien and 

Mother Marianne Cope. And, they have been recognized for their outstanding works 

in helping the people sent to Kalaupapa. 

It is time to remember those who were sent and sometimes forgotten. Over eight 

thousand people. Names, perhaps, forgotten today but spirits remembered. Let’s remember their names. 

Please pass this bill to allow Ka Ohana O Kalaupapa to memorialize and remember all who passed through that difficult journey. 

STATEMENT OF WILLIAM A. HO‘OHULI, WAIPIO, HI, ON S. 2502 

My name is William Aweao Ho‘ohuli, from Waipio, HI. and ‘‘a kanaka maoli’’ native Hawaiian who speaks on behalf of my ohana (family). 

Please support and pass the Kalaupapa Memorial Act (S. 2502). The names of the 

lepers who are no longer with us should be honored with a monument, they are 

apart of Hawaiis history. 

Mahalo. 

STATEMENT OF DENISE ULULANI PA‘AO‘AO KALAHIKI

I am a Native Hawaiian born in the Territory of Hawaii. Denise Ululani Pa‘ao‘ao 

Kalahiki, As I walked along the tombstones of Kalaupapa; I came across ‘Ohana 

(family) and many, many familiar names of friends and families I know today. 

It saddens me to know that we have to come this far and through so many obstacles, just to be recognized as people whom I feel are Heroes of yesterday & Today. 

It is plain and clear as day to see they were truly Heroes and should be recognized 

for their courage to jump off that ship, swim through treacherous conditions, to be 

apart from family and friends never to see or to hold them ever again. That is death 

in itself. What a heart-wrenching sacrifice to save the rest of us, the Hawaiian Race. 

Hansen’s disease came to Hawaii via whaling ships from abroad Our ancestors 

should receive an official apology the same as for Imprisoning our Beloved Queen 

and the illegal annexation of our Hawaiian Kingdom. 

I’m not sure if the Foreigners whom infected our people were ever exiled I did 

not see any unfamiliar name there so could it be they exempted themselves from 

such cruelty and continued raping our people and manifesting this epidemic? We 

will never know. 

I felt the pain of our people. If you look rnakai (Oceanside) off Kalawao Valley 

you would feel it too. 

Kalaupapa is a Beautiful and rich community though they know they were there 

only to die. They are full of Aloha. Being there among the patients and the people 

you begin to feel their Humbleness. You would not believe the sense of humor they 

have considering all the suffering they’ve gone through. 

Please take the time to consider our plea and commemorate them, our Leprosy 

harm Please embrace them just as we have... 

Mahalo nui loa, (Thank you very much). 

STATEMENT OF OLINDA L.H. FISHER, ON S. 2502 

It is an honor for me today to submit my testimony on the Kalaupapa Memorial 

Act (S. 2502). 

The memorial monuments that is requested in this bill is but a small token to 

ask for, I do not expect you to understand the significant of this cause or who it’s 

representing but to the families whose love ones were banish to live their lives on 

a isolated island away from society this will be a closing for them to read the names 

of their ancestors and love ones. 

Father Damien and Sister Marianne Cope whose monuments are recognized in 

Hawaii and are placed in Ka]awao County and Kalaupapa are remembered for their 

good deeds and aid that they gave and provided to the lepers of that settlement; 

I ask only for the same memorial for the thousands of native Hawaiians and non 

Hawaiians; young and old who were sent there never to see their love ones again. 

79 

There are at least 22 Hansen diseases patience’s in existence, some of them who 

remain in the settlement to live out their lives, some who live on the island of Oahu 

due to medical purposes, but always return home to hala (die) in Kalaupapa. 

This is the purpose why I implore you to pass this bill so that those who are still 

with us will know that their friends and love ones will always be remembered not 

only by history and the mo‘olelo (story) that have been passed down through generations. 

STATEMENT OF JOSIAH L. HO‘OHULI, WAI‘ANAE, HI, ON S. 2502 

My name is Josiah Lanakila Ho‘ohuli Sr., 70 years of age, from Na ̄na ̄kuli, HI. and 

a native Hawaiian (100%). 

My testimony is to the point, yesterday I read in the Honolulu Advertiser ‘‘Feds 

back monument for Hansen’s disease exiles’’ by Dennis Camire, Advertiser Washington Bureau. 

Lynn Scarlett, deputy secretary of the Interior Department stated the agency certainly supports the purpose of the bill and acknowledges the importance of the memorial and believes the interior secretary should have final approval on the monument site. She also mentions that they prefer the memorial be in Kalaupapa settlement, instead of Kalawao because of it’s remote location in the park where the first 

exiles were sent, and in her last statement she states the park service wants the 

Ka ‘Ohana O Kalaupapa, a group of Hansen’s disease patients relatives and friends, 

to be responsible for the memorial’s cost. 

I want to first bring to your attention that we are the ‘‘Kanaka maoli’’ native Hawaiians, ‘‘Na Po‘e O Hawai‘i’’ (the people of Hawai‘i), these lepers who were exiled 

in Kalawao, Ola (lived) and hala (died) there. Their ‘uhane (spirits) still walk the 

‘a ̄ina (land). This is their resting grounds. It is not for the Interior Department nor 

the interior secretary to have the last word nor the final approval. You are malihini 

(stranger, foreigner) here to our Jihikai (shore) and (mokupuni) islands, the ‘a ̄ina 

(land) which has been taken cared for thousands of years by our ku ̄puna (ancestors). 

Kalawao is not a remote location as Ms. Scarlett describes it. It is a safe haven 

where over 5,000 lepers found sanctuary. Here is where it all started for the lepers. 

Here is where Father Damien has his church and headstone to be remembered by. 

This is where the first memorial monument should be placed with names of the 

lepers who were there first. 

Kalaupapa Settlement where about 3,000 plus settled on the peninsula of 

Moloka‘i due to the wet and cold climate of. Kalawao made their homes. Here is 

where the last of the leper patients continues to live, this is where the second memorial monument should be placed. 

As for Ms. Scarlett’s last statement regarding the responsibility for the memorial’s 

cost; in my opinion, the United States Interior Department who claims jurisdiction 

over the park service should bear the entire cost for the memorial monuments. It 

is but a small token to the lepers of kahiko (old) and to the 22 Hansen disease patients who arc left to see this memorial a reality. 

Jurisdiction maybe under the park services, but the ‘a ̄ina (land) will always belong to the Hawaiians; to the lepers and Na Po‘e O Hawai‘i (people of Hawai‘i). 

The 22 Hansen disease patients; are all well into their old age. These are the patients who are left to tell the mo‘olelo (history) and ka‘ao (stories) of the ka wa ̄ i 

hala (past), they are the ones who carry this heavy burden on their shoulders of 

making sure the ‘inoa (names) of those who were banished to live in exile are remembered. Here is where it started and here is where it will end. 

I am confident that the ku ̄ka ̄ku ̄ka ̄ (discussion, consult) between the two parties 

Ka Ohana O Kalaupapa and the National Park Services will result in a win-win 

situation regarding the design, size and inscriptions, and that all aspects of the Hawaiian Culture and traditions will be considered. 

Aloha A Hui Hou, Malama. Pono. 

Æ