WORLD DATA CENTER A 

for 

Solid Earth Geophysics 

A REPORT ON 

GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS, 

1990 

February 1992 

NATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL DATA CENTER 
WORLD DATA CENTER A 

for 

Solid Earth Geophysics 

A REPORT ON 

GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS, 

1990 

by 

K. L. Svendsen 

W. M. Davis 

S.J. McLean 

H. Meyers 

In cooperation with 

IAGA/IIJGG, Division V, Magnetic Observatories, Instruments, Surveys, and Analysis 

FEBRUARY 1992 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE, DATA, AND INFORMATION SERVICE 

National Geophysical Data Center 

Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328, USA 
Blank page retained for pagination 
CONTENTS 

A REPORT ON GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS. 1990 ........... 1 

TABLES 

Table 1 . Table 2 . Table 3 . Table 4 . 

Geomagnetic Observatories in Operation During 1990 ......................... 7 

Annual Means Available (as of April 1990) ......................................... 9 

Notes on Observatories (as of April 1990) ......................................... 11 

Digital Geomagnetic Observatories. 1990 .......................................... 15 

MAPS 

Map la . Geomagnetic Observatories in Operation During 1990 ......................... 19 

During 1990 (area enlarged) ................................................................. 20 

Map lb . Geomagnetic Observatories in Operation 

Map 2a . Observatories Providing Timely Results as of April 1990 .................... 21 

Map 2b . Observatories Providing Timely Results 

as of April 1990 (area enlarged) ........................................................... 22 

Map 3b . Digital Geomagnetic Observatories. 1990 (area enlarged) .................... 24 

Map 3a . Digital Geomagnetic Observatories. 1990 ............................................ 23 

APPENDICES 

Appendix I . Addresses to Use in Requesting Data or Information ...................... 27 

Appendix I1 . The World Data Center System ..................................................... 49 

... 

111 
A REPORT ON GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS, 1990 

by 

K.L. Svendsen, W.M. Davis, S.J. McLean, and H. Meyers 

How effective is the present geomagnetic observatory network in meeting the current needs 

of the research community? This is a matter of some interest to the research community, as 

evidenced by their expression of concern to the International Association of Geomagnetism 

and Aeronomy (IAGA). It is also of interest to many of the observatory operators who look 

to the needs of international science for additional justification for their programs. Each 

country necessarily maintains its magnetic observatories for its own national programs, but 

since the International Geophysical Year of 1957- 1958, there has been increased awareness 

of the global value of the data. Most of the worlds observatories have been very generous 

and cooperative in making their data available to the research community, generally through 

the World Data Center system. 

Historically, magnetic observatories were established to monitor the secular change of 

Earth's magnetic field, and this remains one of their most important functions. In the 

strictest sense, the term "geomagnetic observatory" or simply "magnetic observatory" 

implies an installation that is producing data suitable for studies of secular change. This 

gecerally involves absolute measurements sufficient in number to monitor instrumental drift 

and finally, the production of annual means. It is in this context that the effectiveness will 

be examined. 

Probably the greatest weakness in the data base comes from the uneven geographical 

distribution of observatories. Until magnetometers are perfected that can operate as 

observatories on ocean bottom, location of observatories is limited to land areas, and this 

means only on continents and islands. But there are other limiting factors. Table 1 lists 

observatories in operation as of 1990, and Maps la and lb show their locations on the globe. 

It is clear that, although there are a large number of observatories (195), they are not 

balanced geographically. Europe has many; Africa has few. The Southern Hemisphere has 

far less than the Northern Hemisphere. More about this problem later. 

Next to be considered is availability of data. The deficiencies resulting from geographical 

distribution are compounded when the data are not available quickly. Most users of secular 

change data would be satisfied if they could obtain all observatory annual means from the 

previous year by July-for example, 1989 annual means by July 1990. Actually, for the 

International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) modelers, there is a real need for this 

1 
degree of speed. Unfortunately, this can never be totally achieved. Instruments malfunction, 

observers depart leaving operations crippled, observatories have changing priorities, and 

other problems occur. However, as a test to see how close we could come to this objective, 

in 1989 WDC-A made a special appeal to the observatories to supply annual means as 

quickly as possible. Table 2 lists the annual means for 1987 and 1988 that were available by 

April 1990. Of these, more than 95% were collected by July 1989-130 providing 1988 

means and 31 more providing 1987 means (the best they could do). These observatories are 

plotted on Maps 2a and 2b. This represents 83% of the total number of observatories, which 

in our opinion is an outstanding performance for which the observatories deserve 

commendation. Observatories unable to provide 1987 or 1988 data, with explanations, are 

listed in Table 3. 

Is the present observatory product what the community needs? Traditional products have 

been magnetograms (analog records) and hourly values (digital records)-the latter derived 

from the former by hand-scaling, curve-followers, or more recently by digital 

magnetometers. Hourly values then become available in the form of monthly tables in 

publications (commonly called "yearbooks"), in computer printouts, on microfilm or 

microfiche, on magnetic tapes, or most recently, computer disks. Annual means are usually 

provided separately, as a mean of all the hourly values, but can be approximated from the 

monthly means. Yearbooks or other published formats are valuable for archival purposes, 

but where speed is desired machine-readable formats are preferred. "Floppy" disks (5.25" or 

3.5", IBM-PC compatible) are currently the preferred exchange format. One disk can hold 

as much as six years of hourly values, with four elements. Some secular change studies are 

being made using "annual means" computed from a selection of the hourly values (during 

only quiet intervals, for example), so that there is continued interest in the more detailed 

hourly data. 

Today, most digital magnetometers sample the field each minute, some several times a 

minute, and these: high-resolution recordings are of interest for other purposes than secular 

change. Because of other important uses, and the ease with which the traditional means can 

still be obtained by computer, IAGA has recommended that observatories adopt one-minute 

values as the current standard output. One floppy disk will hold one-minute data for one 

year, with four elements. Many observatories which now have these digital systems and 

which consider these systems their primary records have abandoned classical recording of 

magnetograms. If wanted, analog records can be synthesized by computer from the digital 

recordings-by the observatory, by the data user, or by the World Data Centers. 

As of this writing, digital systems have been installed at 99 observatories-more than half of 

the total number of observatories (see Table 4, Map 3a, and Map 3b). Thus, the easy 

availability of reliable, stable digital systems has truly caused a second revolution in 

magnetic observatory operation. The fist was, of course, the earlier revolution in absolute 

instrumentation, whereby the proton magnetometer and the flux-gate theodolites replaced the 

2 
Gaussian magnetometer, the Earth inductor, the BMZ, and the QHMs-though some of the 

last-named are still finding good use. 

The speed with which derived means can be computed is inferred from Table 2. Most of the 

observatories in the first group (1988) have digital systems. But there are other advantages 

of digital magnetometers, not the least of which is eliminating some of the tedious 

handwork, such as scaling of hourly values. Moreover, these systems can become the core 

of an automatic, unstaffed system, and are used in this manner by the United Kingdom, 

Canada, the USA, and perhaps others. The advantages of these systems are so great that, 

since 1986, IAGA has sponsored several instrument workshops to stimulate competition in 

development, to demonstrate the advantages, and just to "spread the word." The latest 

workshop was at Tihany, Hungary, in September 1990. Any observatories not already 

operating these systems are urged to read the published proceedings of the workshops. 

Information on these may be obtained from the Chairman of IAGA's Division 5, David 

Kerridge, Geomagnetism Group, Murchison House- West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, 

Scotland, United Kingdom. 

The UK and the USA are cooperating in the promotion of a global network delivering near 

real-time observatory data to selected ground receiving stations, through the use of satellites. 

This project is called Intermagnet and will be especially useful in real-time monitoring and 

forecasting magnetic conditions on the ground and in space. Several countries are planning 

to join the network as soon as practicable. If you are interested in becoming part of 

Intermagnet, or if you would like information about the project, you may write to Dr. David 

Kerridge at the above address, or Dr. A.W. Green, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, 

Box 25046, Stop 968, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA. 

Not all the news about magnetic observatories is positive. There are many problems 

confronting some members of the family of observatories. The struggle for financial support 

for geomagnetic programs is not restricted to Third World countries. (Witness the recent 

closing of Witteveen in the Netherlands.) But Third World countries certainly have the more 

difficult situation. Problems in obtaining photo paper and chemicals for the old la Cour and 

Ruska magnetographs are widespread, and staffing and financial support can be very 

difficult. 

In recent years a number of observatories have closed, leaving some very important 

geographical gaps. These names come to mind: Plaisance (Mauritius), Moca (Equatorial 

Guinea), Ksara (Lebanon), Orcadas del Sur (Argentina), Easter Island (Chile), Paramaribo 

(Suriname), Lwiro (Zaire), and Chittagong (Bangladesh). In most cases these were closed 

because of lack of local financial support. A few other observatories, Sao Miguel (Azores), 

and Ibadan and Zaria (Nigeria), appear to be in some sort of limbo. We have been unable to 

determine their exact status, but the fact is that they are not presently making any 

contributions to the data base. There also are observatories fighting to stay open: Apia 

3 
(Western Samoa), Huancayo (Peru), and Maputo and Nampula (Mozambique). Appeals 

have been made to the international community for various kinds of assistance. 

In the meantime we try to limp along, seeking help for each ailing observatory when 

informed of their need. When help is found, it usually comes from sympathetic colleagues 

who are willing to donate an emergency supply of paper, assist in training a technician, or 

offer a spare part or instrument. Such appeals for assistance should be coordinated through 

the office of the Chairman of IAGA's Division 5, currently Dr. David Kemdge, 

Geomagnetism Group, Murchison House-West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Scotland, 

United Kingdom. 

The observatories of western Europe have found advantages in close cooperation. For many 

years they have been comparing daily values of the midnight field, which serves as an 

excellent check on the stability of their instruments. Such regional cooperation is 

encouraged. 

A list of names and addresses for organizations managing observatories is given in Appendix 

I and may be useful to readers of this report. 

In closing we make one final appeal. We hope that the level of cooperation in the test effort 

conducted in 1989 will become a habit and the observatories will now continue each year to 

send their annual means promptly to WDC-A in Boulder, or to WDC-B2 in Moscow (for 

inclusion in the annual Thesaurus of Annual Means). The modelers for the IGRF are always 

anxiously awaiting the new data. 

4 
TABLES 

5 
Blank page retained for pagination 
TABLE 1 

Geomagnetic Observatories in Operation During 1990 

Abisko 

Addis Ababa 

Alert 

Alibag 

Alma Ata 

Almeria 

Amatsia 

Ankara 

Annamalainagar 

Apia 

Arctowski 

Argentine Islands (Faraday) 

Arkhangelsk 

Arti 

Ashkhabad (Vannovskaya) 

Averroes 

Baker Lake 

Bangui 

Bar Gyora 

Barrow 

Bay St. Louis (NORDA) 

Bear Island (Bjornoya) 

Beijing (Peking) 

Beijing (Ming Tombs) 

Belsk 

Binza 

Borok 

Boulder 

Brorfelde 

Budkov 

Bunia 

Cambridge Bay 

Canberra 

Cape Chelyuskin 

Casey 

Castello Tesino 

Chambon-la-Foret 

Changchun 

Charters Towers 

Chichijima 

Chiripa (Tilaran) 

Coimbra 

College 

Dalat 

Davis 

Del Rio 

Dixon Island 

Dombas 

Dourbes 

Dumont d’llrville 

Ebro 

Eskdalemuir 

Etai y apuram 

Eyrewell 

Fort Churchill 

Fredericksburg 

Fresno 

Fuquene 

Furstenfeldbruck 

Glenlea 

Gnangara 

Godhavn 

Grocka 

Guam 

Guangzhou (Canton) 

Hartebeesthoek 

Hartland 

Hatizyo 

Havana 

Heiss Island (Druzhnaya) 

He1 

Hermanus 

Honolulu 

Hornsund 

Huancayo 

Hurbanovo 

Hyderabad 

Irkutsk (Patrony) 

Istanbul-Kandilli 

Jaipur 

Kakioka 

Kanoya 

Kanozan 

Karachi 

Karaganda (Bereznyaki) 

Karavia 

Kazan (Raifa) 

Kiev (Dymer) 

Kiruna 

Kodaikanal 

L’ Aquila 

La Quiaca 

Lanzhou 

Las Acacias 

Learmonth 

Leirvogur 

Leningrad (Voyeykovo) 

Lerwick 

Lhasa 

LOVO 

Luanda 

Lunping 

Lvov 

M’Bour 

Macquarie Island 

7 
TABLE l-continued 

Magadan (Stekoliniy) 

Manhay 

Maputo 

Martin de Vivies 

Mawson 

Meanook 

Memambetsu 

Minsk (Pleshenitzi) 

Mirny 

Misallat 

Mizusawa 

Mo He 

Molodezhnaya 

Moscow (Krasnaya Pakhra) 

Mould Bay 

Muntinlupa 

Murmansk (Loparskoye) 

(Amsterdam Island) 

Nagycenk 

Nairobi 

Narssars suaq 

New Aale sund 

Newport 

Niemegk 

Novokazalinsk 

Novolazarevskaya 

Novosibirsk (Klyuchi) 

Nurmijarvi 

Odessa (S tepanovka) 

Ottawa 

Pamatai (Tahiti) 

Panagyurishte 

Patacamaya 

Pendeli 

Petropavlovsk (Paratunka) 

Pilar 

Podkammenaya Tunguska 

Port Alfred (Crozet) 

Port-aux-Francais 

Port Moresby 

Poste-de-la-Baleine 

Quetta 

Resolute Bay 

Sabhawala 

Saint John’s 

San Fernando 

San Juan 

San Pablo (Toledo) 

Sanae 

Santa Cruz de Tenerife 

(Canarias) 

Sapa (Cha-Pa) 

Scott Base 

Sheshan (Shanghai) (20-Se) 

Shillong 

Sitka 

Sodankyla 

Surlari 

Syowa 

Tamanrasse t 

Tananarive 

Tan geran g 

Tashkent (Yangi-Bazar) 

Tatuoca 

Tbilisi (Dusheti) 

Tehran 

Teoloyucan 

Thule 

Tihany 

Tiouine 

Tixie Bay 

Trelew 

Trivandrum 

Tromso 

Tsumeb 

Tucson 

Tulsa 

Tuntungan (Medan) 

Ujjain 

Urumqi 

Valentia 

Vassouras 

Victoria 

Vladivostok 

Vostok 

(Gornotayezhnaya) 

Wellen (Cape Wellen) 

Wien-Kobenzl 

Wingst 

Wuhan 

Yakutsk 

Yellowknife 

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk 

8 
TABLE 2 

Annual Means Available (as of April 1990) 

(1 

Argentina: La Quiaca, Pilar, Trelew 

Australia: Canberra, Casey, Charters 

Towers, Davis, Gnangara, Learmonth, 

Macquarie Island, Mawson 

Austria: Wien-Kobenzl 

Bel g i um : Dourbe s 

Brazil: Vassouras 

Canada: Alert, Baker Lake, Cambridge 

Bay, Fort Churchill, Glenlea, Meanook, 

Mould Bay, Ottawa, Pos te-de-la-Baleine, 

Resolute Bay, St. John's, Victoria, 

Yellowknife 

China: Beijing, Lanzhou, Sheshan, Urumqi 

Costa Rica: Chiripa 

Czechoslovakia: Budkov 

Den mark: B rorfelde, God havn *, 

Narssarssuaq", Thule* 

Finland: Nurmijarvi, Sodankyla 

France: Chambon-la-Foret, Dumont 

d'Urville, Martin de Vivies, Port Alfred, 

Port-aux-Francais 

German Federal Republic: 

Furs tenfeldbruck, Niemegk,Wings t 

Hungary: Nagycenk, Tihany 

Iceland: LRirvogur 

India: Alibag, Trivandrum 

Indonesia: Tangerang 

Ireland: Valentia 

Italy: L' Aquila 

Japan: Hatizyo, Kakioka, Kanoya, 

Memambetsu, Syowa 

New Zealand: Apia, Eyrewell, Scott Base 

Norway: Bear Island, New Aalesund, 

Tromso 

Pakistan: Quetta 

Papua New Guinea: Port Moresby 

Peru: Huancayo 

Poland: Belsk, He1 

Portugal: Coimbra 

Romania: Surlari 

South Africa: Hemanus, Sanae, Tsumeb 

* Preliminary, estimated values 

9 
TABLE %continued 

Spain: Almena, San Pablo, Santa Cruz de Fresno, Guam, Honolulu, Newport, San 

Tenerife Juan, Sitka, Tucson,Tulsa 

Sweden: Abisko, Kiruna, Lovo 

Borok, Cape Chelyuskin, Dixon Island, 

Taiwan: Lunping Heiss Island, Irkutsk, Karaganda, Kazan, 

Kiev, Leningrad, Lvov, Mirny, 

Turkey: Ankara, Istanbul-Kandilli Molodezhnaya, Novokazalinsk, 

Novosibirsk, Odessa, Podkammenaya 

United Kingdom: Eskdalemuir, Hartland, Tunguska, Tashkent, Tbilisi, Tixie Bay, 

Lerwick Vladivostok, Vostok, Wellen, YuzhnoSakhalinsk 

U.S.S.R: Alma Ata, Arti, Ashkhabad, 

U.S.A: Barrow, Bay St. Louis, Boulder, 

College, Del Rio, Fredericksburg, Yugoslavia: Grocka 

Argentina: Las Acacias Japan: Chichijima, Kanozan, Mizusawa 

China: Changchun, Guangzhou, Wuhan Norway: Dombas 

Egypt: Misallat Phillippines: Muntinlupa 

Ethiopia: Addis Ababa Poland: Arctowski 

France: Bangui, M’Bour, Pamatai South Africa: Harte bees thoek 

India: Hyderabad, Jaipur, Sabhawala, United Kingdom: Argentine Islands 

U.S.S.R: Arkhangelsk, Magadan, Minsk, 

Shillong, Ujjain 

Indonesia: Tuntungan Moscow, Novolazarevskaya, 

Israel: Amatsia 

Petropavlovsk 

Italy: Castello Tesino 

10 
TABLE 3 

Notes on Observatories (as of April 1990) 

Annamalainagar (India). Latest means: 1986. Normal delay. 

Averroes (Morocco). Latest means: 1976. Last report (1990) spoke of continued 

operation since January 1989; intermittent previously. 

Baghdad (Iraq). Intended new observatory (AMOS). Last report: 1986. Not believed to 

be in operation yet. No reply to 1989 inquiry. Dropped from list. 

Baguio (Philippines). Annual means for H only. 

Bar Gyora (Israel). New digital observatory. Began January 1989. 

Beijing [Ming Tombs] (China). New observatory. No data yet. 

Binza (Zaire). One of three observatories in Zaire. Latest means available: 1977. Last 

report: 1990. Operational problems, but promised data soon. 

Bunia (Zaire). No data. See “Binza,” above. 

Characato (Peru). No data. No recent information. May be recording variations only. No 

reply to 1989 inquiry. Dropped from list. 

Dalat (Vietnam). Letter of June 1990 provided data through 1989, but too late for inclusion 

in Table 2. 

Davao (Philippines). Annual means for H only. 

Ebro (Spain). Latest means: 1983. Latest report: 1989. Instrumental difficulties. 

Etaiyapuram (India). Latest means: 1983. Latest report: 1989, promising later means. 

Fuquene (Colombia). Latest means: 1983. Believed to have personnel problem, but did 

not reply to 1989 inquiry. 

Gulmarg (India). No data. New observatory with slow start-up. 

Havana (Cuba). Latest means: 1984. Letter of July 1990 reported change of site and delay 

in data processing. Annual means promised. 

11 
TABLE >continued ~~ ~ 

Hornsund (Poland). Latest means: 1986. Reason for delay unknown. 

Hurbanovo (Czechoslovakia). Latest means: 1986. Letter of July 1990 reported change 

of site and delay in data processing. Annual means promised. 

Husafell (Japan). Japanese station in Iceland. No data. Does not produce annual means. 

Dropped from list. 

Ibadan (Nigeria). Latest means: 1962. Present operational status unknown, but has a 

history of many problems. Dropped from list. \ 

Isafjordur (Japan). Japanese station in Iceland. Same type of operation as “Husafell,” 

. above. Dropped from list. 

Karachi (Pakistan). New observatory. Issuing current hourly values, but no annual means. 

Promised to include computation of annual means. 

Karavia (Zaire). Latest means: 1961. See “Binza,” above. 

Kodaikanal (India). Latest means: 1986. Reason for delay unknown. 

Lauder (New Zealand). Ceased operation in 1987. 

Lhasa (China). Latest means: 1983. Reason for delay unknown. 

Luanda (Angola). Latest means: 1986. Some data for 1987. No reply to 1989 inquiry. 

Lycksele (Sweden). Station reported to be in operation since 1986. Does not produce 

annual means. Dropped from list. 

Manhay (Belgium). Latest means: 1985. Beginning 1990, operation assumed by Dourbes. 

Maputo (Mozambique). Latest means: 1986. Operational difficulties. Negotiations in 

progress for outside assistance. 

Mo He (China). New observatory. No data yet. 

Murmansk (USSR). Latest means: 1985. Reason for delay unknown. 

Nairobi (Kenya). Latest means: 1980. Last report: 1989. Several operational difficulties. 

12 
TABLE %continued 

Nampula (Mozambique). Latest means: 1984. Operation ceased May 1987 due to lack of 

supplies. See “Maputo,” above. 

Panagyurishte (Bulgaria). Latest means: 1983. Report in 1989 promised means through 

1988 by late 1989. 

Patacamaya (Bolivia). New observatory with slow start-up. First means (1983-1984) 

received in 1989. 

Pendeli (Greece). No annual means. Reported in 1989 that processing of annual means 

has begun with 1989. 

Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). Intended new observatory. Last report: 1986. Not believed to be 

in operation yet. No reply to 1989 inquiry. Dropped from list. 

Roburent (Italy). Latest means: 1973. Reported in 1989 that operation ceased in 1986. 

San Fernando (Spain). Latest means: 1978. Site seriously disturbed. Digital system at 

new site beginning 1990. 

San Miguel (Azores). Latest means: 1977. Not in operation at present. Report in 1990 

states there are plans for a replacement in mainland Portugal. 

Sapa [Cha-Pa] (Vietnam). Latest means: 1983. Letter of June 1990 reported delay in data 

processing. 

Tamanrassset (Algeria). Latest means: 1984. Last report: 1989. Later data expected 

soon. 

Tananarive (Madagascar). Latest means: 1983. Last report: 1988. Reason for delay 

unknown. 

Tatuoca (Brazil). Latest means: 1985. Last report: 1989. Later data expected soon. 

Tehran (Iran). Latest means: 1973. Letter of December 1990 expressed interest in digital 

system. 

Teoloyucan (Mexico). Latest means: 1986. Last report: 1989. Reason for delay 

unknown. 

13 
TABLE kontinued 

Tiouine (Morocco). No data. See “Averroes,” above. 

Tjornes (Japan). Japanese station in Iceland. No data. Same type of operation as 

“Husafell,” above. Dropped from list. 

Tucuman (Argentina). Erroneously listed as observatory; records variations only. 

UIan Bator (Mongolia). Latest means: 1977. No response to inquiries. Dropped from list. 

Yakutsk (USSR). Latest means: 1985. Reason for delay unknown. 

14 
TABLE 4 

Digital Geomagnetic Observatories, 1990 

Abisko 

Alert 

Alibag 

Arctowski 

Argentine Islands 

Baker Lake 

Bangui* 

Bar Gyora 

Barrow 

Bay St. Louis 

Bear Island 

Beijing* 

Belsk 

Boulder 

Brorfelde 

Budkov 

Cambridge Bay 

Canberra 

Casey 

Castello Tesino 

Chambon-la-Foret 

Charters Towers 

Chichijima 

College 

Davis 

Del Rio 

Dombas 

Dourbes 

Dumont d’ Urville 

Ebro* 

Es kdalemuir 

Eyrewell 

Fort Churchill 

Fredericks burg 

Fresno 

Furstenfeldbruck 

Glenlea 

Gnangara 

Godhavn 

Guam 

Hartebeesthoek 

Hartland 

Hatizyo 

He1 

Hermanus 

Honolulu 

Hornsund 

Hurbanovo 

H yderabad 

Kakioka 

Kanoya 

Kanozan 

Karachi 

Kiruna 

L’ Aquila 

Lemonth 

Leirvogur 

Lenvick 

Lovo 

Lu n pin g 

M’Bour 

Macquarie Island 

Martin de Vivies 

Mawson 

Meanook 

Memambetsu 

Misallat* 

Mizusawa 

Mould Bay 

Nagycenk 

Narssarssuaq 

New Aalesund 

Newport 

Niemegk 

Nurmijarvi 

Ottawa 

Pamatai 

Port Alfred 

Port- aux- Francis 

Poste-de-la-Baleine 

Resolute Bay 

St. John’s 

San Fernando 

San Juan 

Sanae 

Sitka 

S odanky la 

Syowa 

Tamanrasset* 

Tananarive* 

Thule 

Tihany 

Tromso 

Tucson 

Valentia 

Vassouras 

Victoria 

Wingst 

Yellowknife 

* Equipment obtained, but not yet operational 

15 
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MAPS 

17 
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60 

55- 

so 

SI 

35 

30 

25 1 

C 

I 

MAP lb. Geomagnetic Observatories in Operation During 1990 (area enlarged) 
available 

available 
MAP 2b. Observatories Providing Timely Results as of April 1990 (area enlarged) 

MAP 3b. Digital Geomagnetic Observatories, 1990 (area enlarged) 
APPENDICES 

25 
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APPENDIX I 

Addresses to Use in Requesting Data or Information 

WORLD DATA CENTERS 

For more information about the World Data Center system, please refer to Appendix 11. 

World Data Center A 

NOAA/NGDC 

325 Broadway 

Boulder, Colorado 80303 

USA 

Tel: (303) 497-6521 

Telex: 5928 1 1 NOAA MASC BDR 

Internet: infengdc 1 .colorado.edu 

Fax: (303) 497-65 13 

World Data Center C1 

Division of Geophysics 

Danish Meteorological Institute 

Lyngbyvej 100 

DK-2 100 Copenhagen, Denmark 

Tel: 45 31 2921 00 

Telex: 15835 GEOMI DK 

Fax: 45 31 29 34 00 

Grams: METOBS 

World Data Center C2 for Geomagnetism 

Data Analysis Center for Geomagnetism 

Kyoto University 

Kyoto 606, Japan 

Tel: 075-75 1-753-3929 

Telex: 5422302 SCIKYU J 

BITNET: GTKAMEI@JPNKYOTO 

& Space Magnetism 

Fax: 075-722-7884 

World Data Center B2 

Soviet Geophysical Committee 

Academy of Sciences of the USSR 

Molodezhnaya 3 

Moscow 117 296, USSR 

Tel: 930-0546 

Telex: 41 1 478 SGC SU 

Fax: 930-5509 

World Data Center C1 for Geomagnetism 

Geomagnetism Group 

British Geological Survey 

Murchison House-West Mains Road 

Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Scotland 

United Kingdom 

Tel: (031) 667-1000 

Telex: 727343 SEISED G 

Fax: (03 1) 688-4368 

World Data Center D for Geophysics 

Institute of Geophysics 

Academia Sinica 

Beijing, China 

Tel: 2012497 

Telex: 22040 BAOAS CN 

JUNET: iyemon%kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp@ JPNSUTOO.BITNET 

21 
OBSERVATORlES AND SPONSORING INSTITUTIONS 

(alphabetically by country) 

A. Fares (Tamamasset) 

Service Magnetisme 

Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Geophysique (CRAAG) 

B.P. 63 Bouzareah 

Algiers, Algeria 

Telex: 53 337 CRAAG DZ 

Ttl: 79-14-43 

M. Akacem Nourredine, Director 

Observatoire de Tamamasset 

B.P. 32 

Tamamasset, Algeria 

flamanrasset) 

Dr. Carlos Alkrto Ferreira Monteiro, Chefe 

Departamento de Geofisica 

Instituto Nacional de Hidrometeorolgia e Geofisica 

Caixa Postal 1228-C 

Luanda, Angola 

Tel: 3003778 

(Luanda) 

Sra. Mercedes B. de O’Neill 

Centro de Geofisica 

Servicio Meteorologico Nacional 

Av. de Los Constituyentes 3454 

(1427) Buenos Aires, Argentina 

Tel: 518857 

Lic. Julio Cesar Gianibelli, Jefe 

Depto. de Magnetisme Terrestre 

Facultad de Ciencias Astronomicas y Geofisicas 

Universidad Nacional de La Plata 

Paseo del Bosque 

(1900) La Plata, Argentina 

Tel: (021) 217308/38810 

Angel Omar Pelliciuoli 

Observatorio Magnetic0 

Sarmiento 609 

(9100) Trelew, Argentina 

Tel: (0965) 3025 1/96083 

(La Quiaca, Pilar) 

(Las Acacias, Trelew) 

(Trele w ) 

28 
Dr. Peter Hopgood 

Division of Geophysics 

Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics 

G.P.O. Box 378 

Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601, Australia 

Tel: (062) 2499 11 1 

Telex: AA 62109 

Fax: (062) 576041 

Gram: BUROMIN 

(Alice Springs, Canberra, 

Charters Towers, Learmonth, 

Macquarie Island, Mawson) 

Dr. Gary Bums 

Antarctic Division 

Channel Highway 

Kingston, Tasmania 7 150, Australia 

Tel: (002) 290 209 

Telex: AA 57090 

Fax: (002) 290 459 

Gram: ANTARCTIC HOBART 

Mr. Peter Gregson 

Mundaring Geophysical Observatory 

Mundaring, WA 6073, Australia 

Tel: (09)295 1555 

Fax: (09) 295 2433 

(Casey, Davis) 

(Gnangara) 

Dipl. Ing. Peter Melichar (Wien-Kobenzl) 

Zentralanstalt fur Meteorologie und Geodynamik 

Hohe Warte 38 

A- 1 190 Vienna, Austria 

Tel: (222) 36 44 53 

Telex: I3 1837 A METW A 

Gram: METEOR WEN 

Dr. Jean Rasson 

Centre de Physique du Globe 

Institut Royal Meteorologique 

6381 Dourbes, Belgium 

Tel: 0032 (60) 39931 1/12 

Telex: 51239 GEOPHY B 

Fax: 0032 (60) 399421 

(Dourbes, Manhay) 

29 
Dr. Nicolas J. Martinic, 

Jefe de la Camera de Fisica 

Universidad Mayor de San Andres 

Casilla 8635 

La Paz, Bolivia 

Tel: 792 9991622 

Dr. Luiz Muniz Barreto 

CNPq - Observatorio Nacional 

Rua General Bruce, No. 586 Sao Cristovao 

20,921 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil 

Tel: (021) 589 7313 (extension 210) 

Telex: (021) 21288 

Fax: (021) 580-6071/0332 

Jose Teotonio Ferreira 

Observatorio Magnetico de Tatuoca 

C.P. No. 469 

66,000 Belem - Para, Brazil 

Luiz C. Carvalho 

Observatorio Magnetico de Vassouras 

C.P. No. 85622 

27,700 Vassouras - RJ, Brazil 

Tel: (0244) 71-1142 

Dr. I. Butchvarov 

Geophysical Institute 

Mad. “G. Bonchev Str.,” Block 3 

Sofia 11 13, Bulgaria 

Tel: 70 01 28 

Fax: 700226 

Gemt Jansen van Beek 

Division of Geophysics 

Geological Survey of Canada 

1 Observatory Crescent 

Ottawa, Ontario K1A OY3, Canada 

Tel: (613) 837-1067 and (613) 837-1757 

Telex: 533 117 

Fax: (613) 824-9803 

(Patac may a) 

(Tatuoca, Vassouras) 

(Tatuoca) 

(Vassouras) 

(Panagyuris hte) 

(Alert, Baker Lake, Cambridge 

Bay, Fort Churchill, Glenlea, 

Meanook, Mould Bay, Ottawa, 

Poste-de-la-Baleine, Resolute 

Bay, St. John’s, Victoria, 

Yellowknife) 

30 
Professor Meiqing Gao 

Institute of Geophysics 

Academia Sinica 

Beijing, People’s Republic of China 

Division of Information Service 

Institute of Geophysics 

State Seismological Bureau 

Min Yuan Nan Road 5 

P.O. Box 100081 

Beijing, People’s Republic of China 

Tel: 8417744 

Gram: 3808 

Ing. Luis Fernando Restrepo, 

Jefe, Seccion Geofisica 

Instituto Geografico (“Agustin Codazzi”) 

Carrera 30 No. 48-51 

Bogota, Colombia 

Tel: 2-442761 

Fax: 070-21 1-4751 

Ing. German Leandro C. 

or Jorge Brenes 

Instituto Costanicense de Electricidad (ICE) 

Apartado 10032- 1000 

San Jose, Costa Rica 

Tel: (506) 20-7337 

Telex: (376) 2140 

Fax: (506) 33-4737 

Lic. Juan Perez Hernandez, Director 

Institute of Geophysics and Astronomy 

Cuban Academy of Sciences 

Calle 212 No. 2906 e/ 29 y 31 

La Coronela, La Lisa 

Havana, Cuba 

(Beijing [Ming Tombs], Mo He) 

(Beijing, Changchun, 

Guangzhov, Lanzhou, Lhasa, 

Sheshan, Urumqi, Wuhan) 

(Fuquene) 

(Chiripa) 

(Havana) 

31 
Dr. M. Konecny 

Geomagneticke Oddeleni 

Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved 

Geofyzikalni Ustav 

Bocni II, CP. 1401 

1143 1 Prague 4 - Sporilov, Czechoslovakia 

Tel: 76 194 1-376254 1-5 

Telex: 186 382 

Dr. J. Podsklan 

Geophysical Institute 

Slovak Academy of Sciences 

947 01 Hurbanovo, Czechoslovakia 

Tel: Hurbanovo 221 1 

Telex: 98527 GFYZ C 

Division of Geophysics 

Danish Meteorological Institute 

Lyngbyvej 100 

DK-2 100 Copenhagen, Denmark 

Tel: 45 31 29 21 00 

Telex: 15835 GEOMI DK (or, 27138 METOBS) 

Fax: 45 31 29 34 00 

Gram: METOBS 

(Budkov) 

(Hurbanovo) 

(Brorfelde, Godhavn, 

Narssarssuaq, Thule) 

Prof. H.A. Deebes (Misallat) 

National Research Institute of Astronomy & Geophysics 

Helwan, Cairo, Egypt 

Tel: Cairo 38645 

Telex: 93070 HIAG UN 

Dr. Laike M. Asfaw, Director 

Geophysical Observatory 

P.O. Box 1176 

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 

Tel: 00251 1 11-72-53 

Telex: 21205 AAUNIV 

(Addis Ababa) 

32 
Dr. H. Nevanlinna 

Dept. of Geophysics 

Finnish Meteorological Institute 

Box 503 

SF-00101 Helsinki 10, Finland 

Tel: (358 0) 19291 

Telex: 124436 EFKL SF 

Fax: (3580) 1929539 

Gram: METEOCENTER HELSINKI 

EARNBITNET: HNEVANLI@ FINFUN 

Internet: hnevanlinna@csc.fi 

SPAN: 21905::opmvax::hnevanlinna 

Dr. K. Pajunpaa, Director 

Nurmijarvi Geophysical Observatory 

Finnish Meteorological Institute 

SF-05100 Roykka, Finland 

Tel: (358-0) 2 76-5820 

Dr. E. Kataja 

Geophysical Observatory 

Finnish Academy of Science and Letters 

SF-99600 Sodankyla, Finland 

Tel: (358) 693-1222617/8 

Telex: 37254 GEFSO SF 

Fax: (358) 693-12528 

(Nurmijarvi) 

(Nurmijarvi) 

(Sodankyla) 

Dr. J.-L. Le Mouel, Directeur (Bangui, Chambon-la-Foret, 

Bureau Central de Magnetisme Terrestre (B.C.M.T.) Dumont d’urville, M’Bour, 

4, place Jussieu Martin-de-Vivies, Pamatai, 

Tour 24-25,3eme etage Port Alfred, Port-aux-Francais) 

75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France 

Tel: 44 27 49 35 

Fax: 44 27 33 73 

Telex: 2028 10 

Monsieur le Directeur 

Centre de Geophysique 

ORSTOM 

B.P. 893 

Bangui, Central African Republic 

Tel: (236) 61 20 89 

Telex: PUBLIC 0971 5217 RC 

Fax: (236) 61 68 29 

(Bangui) 

33 
J.C. Villeneuve 

Observatoire de Geophysique 

ORSTOM 

B.P. 50 

M’Bour, Senegal 

Tel: (221) 57 10 44 

Fax: (221) 32 43 07 

M.L. Chungue 

Observatoire de Geophysique 

ORSTOM 

B.P. 529 

Papeek, Tahiti 

Tel: (689) 43 98 87 

Fax: (689) 42 95 55 

(M’Bour) 

(Pamatai) 

Dr. A. Best (Niemegk) 

Adolf-Schmidt-Observatorium fur Erdmagnetismus 

Lindenstrasse 7 

1824 Niemegk 

Germany 

Tel: Niemegk 296/295 

Telex: 157528 OBSNK DD 

Dr. Martin Beblo 

Geophysikalisches Observatorium 

Ludwigshohe 8 

D-8080 Furstenfeldbruck 

Germany 

Tel: 0 81 41/‘3 24 70 

Telex: 527692 FUR D 

(Furs tenfeldbruck) 

Dr. J. Schulz-Ohlberg (Wingst) 

Bundesamt fur Seeschiffahr und Hydrographie 

Postfach 30 12 20 

D-2000 Hamburg 36 

Germany 

Tel: (40) 31 90-51-84 

Telex: 02 11 138 BSHH 

Gram: HYDRODIENST HAMBURG 

Fax: (40) 31 90 51 50 

34 
Dr. Gunter Schulz 

Neue Behordenbezeichnung 

Bundesamt fur Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie 

AmOlymp 13 

D-2177 Wingst 

Germany 

Tel: 4778/4306 

Mr. Filippopoulos/Mr. Tsailas 

Magnetic Observatory of Pendeli 

57, Messoghion Street 

Athens, Greece 

Tel: 7779420 

Fax: 7752211 

GR-115 26 

(Wing st) 

(Pendeli) 

Dr. Laszlo Hegymegi (Tihany) 

Eotvos Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungary 

Columbus U. 17-23 

Budapest XIV, Hungary 

Tel: 635-010/637-256 

Telex: 22-6194 ELGI H 

Fax: (36 1) 163 7256 

Gram: ELGI BUDAPEST 

Akos Wallner, Scientific Secretary 

Geodetic & Geophysical Institute 

Hungarian Academy of Sciences 

P. 0. B. 5 

Sopron 9401, Hungary 

Tel: 99/14-290 

Telex: 24-9125 WAGE H 

Dr. Th. Saemundsson 

Geophysics Division 

Science Institute 

University of Iceland 

Dunhaga 5 

Reykjavik, Iceland 

Tel: (354 1) 694800 

Telex: 2307 ISINFO IS 

Fax: (354 1) 28801/28911 

E mail: hal@raunvis.hi.is 

(Leirvogur) 

35 
Dr. D.R.K. Rao, Director 

Indian Institute of Geomagnetism 

Dr. Nanabhai Moos Road 

Colaba, Bombay 400 005, India 

Tel: 4951609 

Telex: 01 1-5928 IIG IN 

Gram: OBSERVATORY BOMBAY COLABA 

(Alibag, Annamalainagar, 

Gulmarg, Jaipur, S hillong, 

Trivandrum, Ujjain) 

Dr. T. S. Sastry 

National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) 

Uppal Road 

Hyderabad 500 007, India 

Tel: 850141 

Telex: 155-6478 NGRI IN 

Gram: GEOPHYSICS 

(Etaiyapuram, Hyderabad) 

Indian Institute of Astrophysics 

Koramongalam 

Bangalore 560 034, India 

Mr. V.K. Nagar 

Addl. Surveyor General 

Geodetic & Research Branch 

Survey of India 

Post Box No. 77 

Dehra Dun 248 001, India 

Tel: 24528 

Telex: 0595-210 DGRB IN 

Mr. Dr. H.L.H. Sivegar, 

Chief of Operational Development 

Meteorological & Geophysical Agency 

P.O. Box 3540 

Jakarta 10340, Indonesia 

Tel: 375508 

Telex: 45331 METE0 JKT 

Dr. N.H. Guya 

Institute of Geophysics 

Tehran University 

Kargar 

14374 Tehran 4, Iran 

(Kodaikanal) 

(Sabhawala) 

(Tan gerang , Tun tun gan) 

(Tehran) 

36 
Mr. Eamon J. Murphy 

Valentia Observatory 

Cahirciveen, Co. Kerry, Ireland 

Tel: 0667-2176 

Telex: 73912 MTVA E1 

Renee Segal 

Group of Geomagnetism 

Survey of Israel 

P.O.B. 14171 

61 141 Tel Aviv, Israel 

Tel: (03) 209940L209957 

Telex: 341 18 BX TV IL EXT 1303 

Fax: (03) 5610866 

Gram: MEMEDID TEL AVIV 

Dr. Antonio Meloni 

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica 

Via di Villa Ricotti, 42 

00161 Rome, Italy 

Tel: 396 4210200 

Telex: 620246 INGROM/625835 GEOROM 

Fax: 429040 

Dr. R. Murakami, Director 

Kakioka Magnetic Observatory 

Kakioka, Yasato-machi 

Niihari-gun, Ibaraki Pref. 

315-01 Japan 

Tel: 02994-3- 1 15 1 

Telex: 3655-878 

Dr. Yoshio Kubo 

Hydrographic Department 

(Valentia) 

(Amatsia, Bar Gyora) 

(Castello Tesino, L'Aquila) 

(Chichijima, Kakioka, Kanoya, 

Memambetsu) 

Maritime Safety Agency 

No. 3-1,5-chome 

Tsukiji, Chuo-ku 

Tokyo 104, Japan 

Tel: (03) 541-3811/3819 

Telex: 0 252-2452 HD JODC J/O 252-2222 JAHYD J 

Gram: HYDROOFWE TOKYO/NAVJAHYDRO TOKYO 

(Hatizyo) 

37 
Mr. K. Tsukuhara 

Geodetic Department 

Geographical Survey Institute 

Kitazato- 1, 

Ts uku ba-s hi 

Ibaraki-ken 305, Japan 

Tel: 0298-64- 1 1 1 1 (extension 43 1) 

Fax: 0298-64-1 802 

Mr. A. Yoshimura 

Kanozan Geodetic Observatories 

Kanozan, Kimitsu-shi 

Chiba-ken 292- 1 1, Japan 

Tel: 0439-37-2661 

Fax: 0439-37-2662 

Mr. H. Kiuchi 

Mizusawa Geodetic Observatory 

Uchikumagasawa 42-2 

Kuroishimachi, Mizusawa-shi 

Iwate-ken 023-02, Japan 

Tel: 0197-26-2625 

Fax: 0197-26-2625 

Dr. Natsuo Sat0 

National Institute for Polar Research 

Kaga 1-9-10 Itabashi-ku 

Tokyo 173, Japan 

Tel: (03) 962-47 11 

Telex: 27235 15 POL RSC J 

Gram: POLARESEARCH TOKYO 

Fax: (03) 862-2529/2578 

Dr. J. P. Pate1 

Department of Physics 

University of Nairobi 

P.O. Box 30197 

Nairobi, Kenya 

Tel: 43181 (extension 393) 

Gram: VARSITY NAIROBI 

(Kanozan, Mizusawa) 

(Kanozan) 

(Mizusawa) 

(Asuka, Syowa [in Antarctica]) 

(Nairobi) 

38 
Dr. Jean-Bruno Ratsimbazafy 

Geophysical Observatory 

University of Antananarivo 

B.P. 3843 

Antananarivo (101), Madagascar 

Tel: 253-53 

Fis. Adolfo Orozco T. 

Instituto de Geofisica 

Ciudad Universitaria 

Delegacion de Coyoacan 

CODIGO 04510 Mexico D. F., Mexico 

Tel: (905) 548-5892 

Telex: 1760197 IGSS ME 

Fax: (905) 550-2486 

Geomagnetic Research Laboratory 

Institute of Physics and Techniques 

MPR Academy of Sciences 

Ulan Bator, People’s Republic of Mongolia 

Service de Physique du Globe 

Institut Scientifique 

B.P. 703 

Rabat, Agdal, Morocco 

Tel: 7 1 8U/4 1 /3 8/3 5 

Joaquim Armando Mira 

Instituto Nacional de Geologia 

Departamento de Geofisica Global 

2 Andar 

C.P. 217 

Maputo, Mozambique 

Tel: 424031/4 (extension 237) 

Telex: 6 584 GEOMI MO 

Lester Tomlinson 

OIC for Geomagnetic 

Geomagnetic Observatory 

Geophysics Division 

Dept. of Scientific & Industrial Research 

Christchurch, New Zealand 

Tel: (03) 5 16-0 19 

P.O. BOX 29- 18 1 

Fax: (03) 519-923 

(Tananarive) 

(Teolo yucan) 

(Ulan Bator) 

(Averroes, Tiouine) 

(Maputo, N ampula) 

(Eyrewell, Scott Base) 

39 
Dr. Einar Gjoen 

Geophysical Institute, Avd. C. 

University of Bergen 

Allego. 70 

N-5007 Bergen, Norway 

Tel: (05) 21 20 40 

Truls Lynne Hansen 

The Auroral Observatory 

Institute of Mathematical & Physical Sciences 

University of Tromso 

N-9001 Tromso, Norway 

Tel: 47 83 44 000/47 83 45 146 

Telex: 64 124 AUROB N 

Fax: 47 83 89 852 

@ombas) 

(Bear Island, New Aalesund, 

Tromso) 

Dr. Zafar Mohommed Khan, Director 

Ionospheric Research Division 

Pakistan Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) 

P.O. Box No. 8402 

Karachi 32, Pakistan 

Tel: 461 151 (extension 2) 

Telex: 25720 SPACE PK 

Gram: SUPARCO 

(Karachi) 

Geophysical Centre 

P. Box No. 2 

Quetta, Pakistan 

Tel: 74103 

Gram: GEOPHYSICS, QUETTA 

Mr. I. D. Ripper 

Port Moresby Geophysical Observatory 

Box 323 

Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea 

Tel: (675) 214500 

Fax: (675) 213976 

Met. Mateo Casaverde 

Instituto Geofisico del Peru 

Apartado 3747 

Lima 100, Peru 

Tel: 51 14 224164/226585 

Telex: 25507 PE IGP LIM 

Fax: 51 14 370 258 (or via CERESIS: 51 14 321 824) 

(Quetta) 

(Port Moresby) 

(Huancayo) 

40 
Ing. Oscar Veliz 

Observatorio John A. Fleming 

Instituto Geofisico del Peru 

Apartado 46 

Huancayo, Peru 

Tel: 5 1 64 234-401 

CERESIS (in case no contact with above) 

Ing. Albert0 Giesecke 

Lima, Peru 

Tel: 51 14 321 824 

Telex: 20053PE FB LIMTC 

Fax: 51 14 321 824/319 266 

Apartado 14-0363 

Mr. Enrique A. Macaspac 

Geodetic & Geophysics Division 

National Mapping & Resource Information Authority 

Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources 

Binondo Branch 

P.O. Box 1620 

Binondo, Manila, Philippines 

Tel: 47-96-1 1/12/13/14 

Telex: RCA 722-7373 CGS PH 

Prof. Jerzy Jankowski 

Institute of Geophysics 

Polish Academy of Sciences 

U1. Ks Janusza 64 

01-452 Warsaw, Poland 

Tel: 36 19 01/26 44 40/37 05 22/37 05 24 

Telex: 817582 IGL PL 

Fax: (22) 37-05-22 

Dr. Janusz Marianiuk 

Centralne Obserwatorium Geofizyczne 

Instytutu Geofizyki PAN 

05-622 Belsk, Poland 

Dr. Z. Czyszek 

Obserwatorium Geofizyczne 

Instytutu Geofizyki PAN 

ul. Sosnowa 1 

84- 150 Hel, Poland 

(Huancayo) 

(Huancayo) 

(Muntinlupa) 

(Arctowski, Belsk, Hel, 

Hornsund) 

41 
Mr. A. Syzmanski 

Institute of Geophysics 

Polish Academy of Sciences 

ul. Ksiecia Janusza 64 

01-452 Warszawa, Poland 

Fax: 370522 

Dr. Tomaz R. do Espirito Santo, Dir. Gen 

Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica 

Avenida C - Aeroporto de Lisboa 

P-1700 Lisbon 5, Portugal 

Tel: 80221/270/319/370/419/468/543/593 

Telex: 12352 LISMET P 

Fax: (351-1) 802370 

Jose Manuel Ferreira Ramos, 

Tecnico Superior 

Instituto Geofisico 

Universidade de Coimbra 

Av. Dias da Silve 

P-3049 Coimbra, Portugal 

Tel: 7 74 44 

Telex: 52273 UNICOI P 

Dr. A. Soare 

Observatorul Geofizic Surlari 

821 1 Mom Vlasiei 

Ilfov, Romania 

Tel: (40) 65 66 25/65 75 30/66 79 88 

Dr. G.J. Kuhn, Director 

Magnetic Observatory 

P.O. Box 32 

7200 Hermanus, South Africa 

Tel: (27) 283-21 196 

Telex: 527819 SA 

Fax: (27) 283-22039 

Dr. Ing. Javier Merino del Rio, 

Instituto Geografico Nacional 

28028 Madrid, Spain 

Tel: (91) 5-33-38-00 

Telex: 23465 

Fax: 2546743 

Jefe del Servicio de Geomagnetism0 

(Arctowski, Hornsund) 

(Sa0 Miguel) 

(Coimbra) 

(Surlari) 

(Hartebeesthoek, Hermanus, 

Sanae, Tsumeb) 

(Almeria, San Pablo-Toledo, 

Santa Cruz de Tenenfe 

[Canarias]) 

42 
Observatorio Geofisico de San Pablo de Los Montes 

San Pablo de Los Montes (Toledo), Spain 

Tel: (925) 220249 

(San Pablo-Toledo) 

Centro Geofisico de Canarias 

Edificio de Servicios Multiples [Canarias]) 

Calle de la Marina, s/n. Planta 1 1 

38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands 

Tel: 922128-7 0-54 

Telex: 92050 

(Santa Cruz de Tenerife 

Jose Oriol Cardus, S.J., Director 

Observatori de 1’Ebre 

Roquetas 43520, Spain 

Tel: (77) 5005 11 

Fax: (77) 504660 

Prof. Dr, Cmdr. Manuel Catalan, Director 

Observatorio San Fernando 

Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada 

San Fernando (Cadiz), Spain 

Fax: 34 56 899302 

Dr. Birna Olafsdottir 

Geological Survey of Sweden 

Box 670 

S-75128 Uppsala, Sweden 

Tel: (018) 17 90 00 

Telex: 76154 GEOSWED S 

Fax: 46 (18) 17 93 04 

Gram: GEOSURVEY 

Ing. Vaino BjornstromDr. Ingemar Haggstrom 

Swedish Institute of Space Physics 

P.O. Box 812 

S-98128 Kiruna, Sweden 

Tel: 46 980 122 40 

Telex: 8754 IRF S 

Fax: 46 980 154 65 

(Ebro) 

(San Fernando) 

(Abisko, Lovo) 

(Kiruna) 

43 
Dr. Yinn-Nien Huang (Lunping) 

Telecommunication Training Institute, M.O.C. 

168, Minchu Road, Pan-Chiao 

22077 Taipei Hsien, Taiwan 

Tel: (02) 9639260 

Fax: (02) 9639162 

Telex: 3 1202 TELTRAINS 

General Command of Mapping 

06100 Ankara, Turkey 

Tel: (90-4) 3 197740 

Telex: 0607 44165 MSB TR 

Dr. Orhan Uyar, Chief 

Magnetic Service 

hstanbul Kandilli Observatory 

Bogazici University 

Cengelkoy, Istanbul 8 1220, Turkey 

Tel: 332 02 40/41/42 

Telex: 26411 BOUNTR 

Fax: 332 17 11 

Dr. David Kerridge 

Geomagnetism Group 

Murchison House-West Mains Road 

Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Scotland 

United Kingdom 

Tel: (031) 667-1000 

Telex: 727 343 WDDC C1 

Fax: (031) 668-4368 

Mr. David Simmons 

Geospace Research Group 

British Antarctic Survey 

High Cross - Madingley Road 

Cambridge CB3 OET, England 

United Kingdom 

Tel: (0223) 61 188 

Telex: 817725 BASCAM G 

Fax: (0223) 62616 

(Ankara) 

(Istanbul-Kandilli) 

(Eskdalemuir, Hartland, 

Lerwick) 

(Argentine Islands) 

44 
Mr. Don Herzog 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Denver Federal Center 

Box 25046; M.S. 968 

Denver, Colorado 80225, USA 

Tel: (303) 236-1365 

Telex: 5106014123 ESL UD 

Fax: (303) 236-15 19 

Mr. Richard OConnell 

College Observatory 

U.S. Geological Survey 

800 Yukon Drive 

Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5160, USA 

Tel: (907) 479-6146 

Fax: (907) 456-0356 

Mr. Harold Kaufmann 

Fredericksburg Geomagnetic Center 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Corbin, Virginia 22446, USA 

Tel: (703) 373-7601 

Mr. Paul Hattori 

Guam Observatory 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Box 8001 

MOU No. 3 

Agana, Guam 96910 

Tel: (671) 355-5259 

Mr. Gordon Burton 

National Weather Service 

Pacific Tsunami Warning Center 

91-270 Fort Weaver Road 

Ewa Beach, Hawaii 96706-2928, USA 

Tel: (808) 689-8207 

Mr. Terry Hardiman 

San Juan Observatory 

U.S. Geological Survey 

P.O. Box 936 

Cayey, Puerto Rico 00633 

Tel: (809) 738-2281 

(Barrow, Bay St. Louis, 

Boulder, College, Del Eo, 

Fredericksburg, Fresno, Guam, 

Honolulu, Newport, San Juan, 

Sitka, Tucson) 

(College) 

(Fredenc ks burg) 

(Guam) 

(Honolulu) 

(San Juan) 

45 
Mr. Willis Osbalcken 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Box 158 

Sitka, Alaska 99835-0158, USA 

Tel: (907) 747-3332 

Mr. JohnDickey 

Tucson Magnetic Observatory 

U.S. Geological Survey 

7290 East Tanque Verde Road 

Tucson, Arizona 857 15-3432, USA 

Tel: (602) 670-6420 

Dr. James E. Lawson, Jr. 

Oklahoma Geophysical Observatory 

Box 8 

Leonard, Oklahoma 74043-0008, USA 

Tel: (918) 366-4152 

E mail: oklahoma%neis.decnet@isdres.isd.usgs.gov 

Fax: (918) 366-4152 

Dr. Y. Kharin, Director 

World Data Center B2 

Soviet Geophysical Committee 

Academy of Sciences of the USSR 

Molodezhanaya 3 

Moscow 117 296, USSR 

Tel: 930-0546 

Telex: 411 478 SGC SU 

Fax: 930-5509 

Dr. Nguyen Thi Kim Thoa, Chief 

Laboratory of Geomagnetism 

Institute of Geophysics 

National Centre for Scientific Research of Vietnam 

Box: Hop thu 522 

Buu dien Boho-Hanoi, Vietnam 

Tel: 52380 

Telex: 41 1525 NCSR VT 

(Sitka) 

(Tucson) 

(Tulsa) 

(Alma Ata, Mi, Ashkhabad, 

Borok, Cape Chelyuskin, 

Dikson, Heiss Island, Irkutsk, 

Karaganda, Kazan, Kiev, 

Leningrad, Lvov, Magadan, 

Minsk, Mirny, Molodezhnaya, 

Moscow, Murmansk, 

Novokazalinksk, 

Novolazarevskaya, Novosibirsk, 

Odessa, Petropavlovsk, 

Pokammenaya Tunguska, 

Tashkent, Tbilisi, Tiksi, Tomsk, 

Uelen, Vladivostok, Vostok, 

Yakutsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) 

(Dalat, Sapa [Cha-Pa]) 

46 
Ausetalia Titimaea, Superintendent 

Apia Magnetic Observatory 

Box 3020 

Apia, Western Samoa 

Tel: (00 658) 20855 

Dr. Mihalo Stojkovic 

Geomagnetiski Institut 

Kod Beograda 

11306 Grocka, Yugoslavia 

Institut National de Meteorologie 

Chef de Bureau Magnetisme 

B.P. 4715 

Kinshasa XI, Zaire 

(Grocka) 

(Binza, Bunia, Karavia) 

47 
Blank page retained for pagination 
APPENDIX I1 

The World Data Center System 

DESCRIPTION OF WORLD DATA CENTERS 

The World Data Centers (WDCs) were created in 1957 to provide archiving for the 

observational data resulting from the International Geophysical Year (IGY). In the years 

following the IGY, the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) recommended that 

the WDCs continue to collect, archive, and redistribute data. This new system for 

exchanging geophysical data was found to be very effective, and the operations of the WDCs 

were extended by ICSU on a continuing basis to other international programs. The WDCs 

were under the supervision of the Comite'International de Geophysique for the period 1960 

through 1967 and are now supervised by the ICSU Panel on World Data Centres. 

World Data Centers have been established in a variety of countries: WDC-A is located in 

the USA; WDC-B in the USSR; WDC-C in western Europe, Australia, and Japan; and 

WDC-D in the People's Republic of China. The Centers collect and distribute data for a 

number of disciplines: 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

meteorology 

oceanography 

astronomy 

rockets and satellites 

solar-terrestrial physics: solar and interplanetary phenomena, ionospheric 

phenomena, flare-associated events, geomagnetic phenomena, aurora, cosmic 

rays, airglow 

nuclear radiation 

glaciology (snow and ice) and geocryology 

marine geology and geophysics: gravity, magnetics, bathymetry, seismic profiles, 

marine sediment, rock analyses 

solid earth geology and geophysics: seismology, tsunamis, gravimetry, Earth 

tides, recent movements of Earth's crust, Earth's rotation, magnetic 

measurements, paleomagnetism and archeomagnetism, volcanology, geothermics 

renewable resources and environment 

In each discipline, the scientific community determines the nature and form of data 

exchange, based on research needs. Thus, the type and amount of data in the WDCs differ 

from discipline to discipline. However, each WDC is responsible for: 

0 collecting data in the field or discipline for which it is responsible 

0 protecting the incoming data 

49 
copying and reproducing data, maintaining adequate standards of clarity and 

durability 

supplying copies of data to other WDCs 

preparing catalogs of data 

making data available to the scientific community. 

All the Centers are staffed, funded, and maintained exclusively by the countries in which 

they are located. The WDCs catalog the data and make them available to scientists in all 

countries upon written request or personal visit. Minimal charges may be requested to cover 

costs of processing the requested data. 

WORLD DATA CENTER A 

World Data Center A was established in the United States under the auspices of the National 

Academy of Sciences. WDC-A is operated with national resources, but follows ICSU 

guidelines. The National Academy of Sciences has overall responsibility through the 

Geophysics Research Forum and its Committee on Geophysical Data. WDC-A consists of a 

Coordination Office and nine subcenters at scientific institutions in various parts of the 

United States. Most WDC-A subcenters are at corresponding national data centers, whose 

large national collections are available through the WDC-A subcenters. 

Organizations wishing to contribute data or establish exchange agreements should contact the 

appropriate World Data Center A. 

WORLD DATA CENTER A 

COORDINATIONFFICE 

National Academy of Sciences 

2101 Constitution Avenue, NW 

Washington, DC 20418, USA 

Telephone: 202-334-3368 

WORLD DATA CENTER A: GLACIOLOGY (SNOW AND ICE) 

Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences 

University of Colorado 

Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA 

Telephone: 303-492-5 17 1 

50 
WORLD DATA CENTER A FOR MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS 

National Geophysical Data Center 

NOAA, UGC3 

325 Broadway 

Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328, USA 

Telephone: 303-497-6487 

WORLD DATA CENTER A: METEOROLOGY 

National Climatic Data Center 

NOAA, EICC 

Federal Building 

Asheville, North Carolina 28801, USA 

Telephone: 704-259-0682 

WORLD DATA CENTER A: OCEANOGRAPHY 

National Oceanographic Data Center 

NOAA, EIOC 

1825 Connecticut Avenue, NW 

Universal Building, Room 406 

Washington, DC 20235, USA 

Telephone: 202-673-5594 

WORLD DATA CENTER A: ROCKETS AND SATELLITES 

NASNGoddard Space Flight Center 

Code 630.2 

Greenbelt, Maryland 2077 1, USA 

Telephone: 301-286-7354 

WORLD DATA CENTER A: ROTATION OF THE EARTH 

U.S. Naval Observatory 

Washington, DC 20392-5100, USA 

Telephone: 202-653-1529 or 1527 

WORLD DATA CENTER A: SEISMOLOGY 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Branch of Global Seismology and Geomagnetism 

Box 250436, Mail Stop 967 

Denver Federal Center 

Denver, Colorado 80225, USA 

Telephone: 303-236- 1500 

51 
WORLD DATA CENTER A FOR SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 

National Geophysical Data Center 

NOAA, WGC2 

325 Broadway 

Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328, USA 

Telephone: 303-497-6324 

WORLD DATA CENTER A FOR SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS 

National Geophysical Data Center 

NOAA, WGC1 

325 Broadway 

Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328, USA 

Telephone: 303-497-6521 

WDC-A FOR SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS: REPORTS 

World Data Center A for Solid Earth Geophysics has a variety of reports related to its 

activities. This publication, SE-45, A Report on Geomagnetic Observatory Operations, is 

one in a series. To obtain ordering information about the other publications (listed below), 

call 303-497-6277, fax 303-497-65 13, telex 5928 1 1 NOAA MASC BDR, or write to: 

WORLD DATA CENTER-A FOR SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS 

NATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL DATA CENTER 

NOAA, CODE E/GCl 

325 BROADWAY 

BOULDER, COLORADO 80303-3328, USA 

SE- 1 

SE-2 

SE-3 

SE-4 

SE-5 

SE-6 

SE-7 

SE-8 

SE-9 

SE- 10 

Catalog of Tsunamis in Alaska 

Geodynamics International-9 

Summary of Earthquake Focal Mechanisms for the Western Pacific-Indonesian 

Region, 1929- 1973 

Catalog of Tsunamis in Hawaii 

Geodynamics International- 10 

Catalog of Seismograms and Strong-Motion Records 

Directory of Seismograph Stations 

Survey of Practice in Determining Magnitudes of Near Earthquakes, Part 2: 

Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, the Pacific 

Survey of Practice in Determining Magnitudes of Near Earthquakes, Part 1: North, 

Central, and South America 

Geodynamics International- 1 1 

52 
SE- 1 1 

SE-12 Geodynamics International-12 

SE-13 

SE-14 

SE- 15 Geodynamics International- 13 

The Information Explosion and Its Consequences for Data Acquisition, 

Documentation, and Processing: An Additional Aspect of the Limits to Growth 

Bibliography of Statistical Aspects of Seismicity 

Directory of U.S. Data Repositories Supporting the International Geodynamics 

Project 

SE- 16 Geodynamics International- 14 

SE-17 

SE-18 

SE-19 Geodynamics International-15 

SE-20 Manual of Seismological Practice 

Annual Mean Values of Geomagnetic Components for Selected Observatories, 

Homogenous Magnitude System of the Eurasian Continent: P-Waves 

1940- 1973 

SE-21 Geomagnetic Observatories, 1978 

SE-22 

SE-23 Geodynamics International- 16 

SE-24 

SE-25 

Historical Seismogram Filming Project: First Progress Report 

Historical Seismogram Filming Project: Second Progress Report 

Directory of World Seismograph Stations, Volume 1. The Americas-Part 1. 

United States, Canada, Bermuda 

SE- LO 

CE .?.7 

SF, 28 

SE-29 

SE-30 

Geodynamics International- 17: Final Report 

Catalog of Significant Earthquakes, 2000 B.C.-1979 

Historical Seismogram Filming Project: Third Progress Report 

Strong-Motion Data from Japanese Earthquakes 

Progress Report on Selected Geophysical Activities of the United States, 1977- 

1981 

SE-31 

SE-32 

SE-33 

SE-34 

SE-35 Documentation of Earthquake Algorithms 

New Catalog of Strong Earthquakes in the U.S.S.R. from Ancient Times Through 

1977 

Directory of World Digital Seismic Stations 

Historical Seismogram Fihing Project: Fourth Progress Report 

Homogeneous Magnitude System of the Eurasian Continent: S and L Waves 

SE-36 

SE-37 

SE-38 

SE-39 Tsunamis in Peru-Chile 

SE-40 

Catalog of Submarine Volcanoes and Hydrological Phenomena Associated with 

Volcanic Events: 1500 B.C. to December 31, 1899 

Inventory of Filmed Historical Seismograms and Station Bulletins at World Data 

Center A 

Catalog of Strong-Motion Accelerograph Records 

Earthquake Catalog for the Middle East Countries 1900-1983 

53 
SE-41 

SE-42 

SE-43 

SE-44 

SE-45 

SE-46 

Directory of World Seismograph Stations, Volume II. East Asia-China, Japan, 

Korea, and Mongolia 

Catalog of Submarine Volcanoes and Hydrological Phenomena Associated with 

Volcanic Events: January 1,1900 to December 31,1959 

A Directory of Geomagnetic Observatories with Digital Recording Magnetometers, 

1987 

Directory of Data Sources for Lithospheric Investigations, Volume 1 

A Report on Geomagnetic Observatory Operations, 1990 

Enhancement of Earth Science Research and Educational Capabilities in the 

Developing Nations Through the Use of Compact Disc Technology; Report on the 

Pilot Project 

Q U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1992 / 674-569 

54